A missed approach (otherwise known as a go-around) is a part of an instrument approach procedure. It is a maneuver conducted by crew when an instrument approach procedure cannot be completed to a landing.
- To determine whether a co-relation exists between the occurrence of error and the number of missed approaches carried out.
- To evaluate the severity of the errors.
A standardized grading system was used to measure the errors observed, the grading system was adapted from the grading system adopted by the airline industry currently. Constraints were imposed on the crew (weather) to observe the effects of external stress factors on crew performance. 15 sets of crew were tested from Feb 14 to July14 on 3 types of aircraft, B-777, B-787 and A-320 (full flight six axis simulators).
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced by any means, nor transmitted, nor translated into a machine language without the written permission of the publisher. The permission to add this paper to City Research Online has been granted by the publisher.


This brush is a genuine Dewalt replacement carbon brush, not aftermarket or generic. It is a common motor component replacement item and is often an easy fix for motor malfunctions. _b_This item is sold individually_/b_, and most customers purchase this brush in pairs. As pictured, this brush comes complete with wire lead and connection terminal.
This brush is compatible with the models listed below, but it is not guaranteed to fit any other power tools.


Payday loans are toxic when they are recorded on your credit record. On average, 85% of applicants who have had a payday loans on their credit history in the last 12 months were turned down by high street mortgage lenders.
The mortgage application refusal often comes as a great shock to the would-be property buyer, especially as in the majority of these cases they had taken deliberate action to pay off the payday loans before submitting their application. However the survey shows that whether the payday loan is paid off or not, if it was within the last 6-12 months, it will still have a very negative impact on your suitability for mortgages by many high street lenders.
Payday loans are intended to offer very short term finance to for people with a short term cash flow problem. This, by large, will be people who do not have access to any other form of credit and therefore may also suffer from a poor credit rating, however a growing number of people who do not otherwise have bad credit are turning to payday loans who are financially temporarily strapped for cash, for instance to pay for a hefty car repair or boiler breakdown, and take out a payday loan without realising the implication of this on their credit report.
Often people take out a payday loan because of the speed with which the money is in the bank, if the loan application is successful. We've all seen the rise of payday loans, advertised on the television and in magazines; the idea that you can log onto a computer, fill in a few easy forms, and then have cash in your bank quickly is a tempting one. The payday loan market is thriving, with a turnover of about £2 billion pounds a year, as up to 1.2 million people in Britain take one out in an average year, and there are now more payday loan companies than McDonald's restaurants in the UK! The most common age group of borrowers is the 18 to 24 year olds.
High costs and expensive terms are not the only potential pitfalls with payday loans, either. Recent reports have indicated that mortgage lenders have refused to lend money to people who have taken out payday loans, even if this was in the past. The difficulties of getting a mortgage in this economic climate are well documented, and the chance that having a payday loan, even once, might stop homeownership, could be a big disaster for many people. Due to the fact that mortgages require such a high deposit, it is likely that this problem applies more to remortgaging than first time buyers.
Two lenders, G E Money and Kensington Mortgages, have refused to lend to anybody who has taken a payday loan out in the past three months, or more than one payday loan in the previous twelve months, even if the payday loan was repaid in full, on time. The reason behind this was that taking a payday loan could be seen to be a sign of financial distress, an extreme need to borrow, and so should indicate that perhaps potential mortgage borrowers might have financial difficulties.
The problem, however, is that once one lender starts to restrict mortgages with payday loans then it may become more commonplace and other lenders may do it too. In a market where 20% of all mortgage applications are rejected, it is important to recognise any factors that might limit the chance of success. The mortgage market, which is already being stringent about who it lends to due to working in a market of declining house sales, perhaps has a right to be concerned.


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Home / Business / News / Labour Protests in Abuja Over Minimum Wage
Labour Protests in Abuja Over Minimum Wage
October 30, 2018 Business, News
Members of the organised labour Tuesday began series of actions aimed at drawing public attention to the lingering negotiations on new national minimum wage.
In Abuja, Labour held a rally from where workers poured into the streets to protest against the delay by the Federal Government in approving the proposed N30,000 minimum wage.
The protesting workers under the auspices of the Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC) and Trade Union Congress (TUC) marched through the Federal Secretariat axis but were intercepted by security operatives as they were heading towards Aso Rock Villa.
Details later….
Labour Protests in Abuja Over Minimum Wage Reviewed by newsrepublique media on October 30, 2018 Rating: 5

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Buy the CD
This CD represents my original music composing for solo piano in the last few years. Lots have been going on with my life- it's all here in the music! Songs for my father, our beloved dog, Sadie, our cat, an Americana piece, a couple of orchestral pieces condensed for piano, and some wonderful eclectic solo piano pieces to inspire the listener and challenge the pianist! I've paid close attention to arrange these songs so they highlight the beautiful sound of solo piano!
Waterfall Etude
I'm Home
Early Evening
Frank's Fine Day
Song For Keith
I have never awarded "Album of the Year" status to one recording because I always have several favorites for the year, but I think I'm going to have to make an exception with Mike Strickland's Fantasy. My one-word review of this incredible solo piano album is "WOW!!!" Mike Strickland has performed in concert at my house twice and I've been listening to his music for years (this is his twenty-second release), so I know what an amazing pianist/composer he is, but Fantasy still took me by surprise. Even the sound quality of the album is superlative with a warmth that is never too bright even at the top end of the piano. Strickland did it all on this recording – compose, perform, record, engineer, mix, master and produce – and again, I am blown away. Strickland is incredibly versatile – from jazz to classical to new age, pop and everything in between – and this album has a really nice mix of styles that maintain a wonderful mood while showcasing a broad range of what he can do at the piano. (There are no blues or boogie tunes this time, but if that's what you crave, check out Strickland's 2011 Mississippi Boy!). I've been listening to this album while working on the computer and in the evening while doing some quiet odds and ends, and while it provides a rich backdrop, this isn't music that stays in the background – it's too good for that and needs to be savored and appreciated.
Fantasy begins with the title track, my favorite track on the album and possibly my favorite track of the year (there is sheet music available for this piece and I'm going to dive into it as soon as I can clear off an hour or so to sit at the piano!). Haunting and mysterious, I love every note of this piece and can't keep my finger away from the "repeat" button. "Waterfall Etude" requires an amazing piano as well as an amazing pianist with a 48-note pattern on the right hand and a 40-note pattern on the left that passes through all twelve key signatures. The quickly flowing notes and non-stop motion evoke images of cascading waterfalls. Another beauty! "Anthem" was originally composed for piano and orchestra, but Strickland performs it here as a solo that celebrates some of his musical heroes, including Rachmaninoff, John Williams, and Burt Bacharach. It's a very powerful and impressive showpiece. "I'm Home" also has sheet music and is much simpler with a sweet, "homey" spirit that just feels good. "Time" returns to lush minor-key splendor that is both poignant and soothing. Love it! At 1 1/2 minutes, "Early Evening" is perfect in its brevity and beautiful expressiveness. "A New Day" overflows with hope and optimism while conveying the peacefulness of early morning. "The King" is a gorgeous, heartfelt tribute to Strickland's beloved father. "Song For Keith" is a wonderful jazz ballad dedicated to Keith Jarrett. "Memories of You" is almost heart-breaking with its deep emotion and sense of loss – another "wow!" "Till We Meet Again" could easily support lyrics, but the expressive melody says it all without words and brings this extraordinary album to a close. I don't think this album will ever find a place on my shelves – gotta keep it handy!
Mike Strickland has totally hit it out of the park with Fantasy and I give it my highest recommendation. It is available from Amazon, iTunes and CD Baby and of course this website!. This is a must-hear!
Kathy Parsons
MainlyPiano.com


Today I discovered Snappy Driver Installer (SDI). It has been around for a while but I had not heard of it before.
You can download this utility to a USB drive and just run it from any Windows system (XP->Win10, 32-bit or 64-bit). It will look at your hardware and current Windows drivers and then search for a better driver within it's Driverpacks and then install it. The downloads are in 'Driver Packs'. A full download will take 13GB of drive space if you want all the driver packs, or it can be asked to download just the ones you need.
The nice thing about SDI is that you can also run it from the command line and it can be automated.
So using SDI and a few scripts, I added some new folders to my Easy2Boot USB drive.
Using a completely original, unaltered Microsoft Windows 10 32-bit Install ISO, I can now do a fully automated OS install with apps and drivers from my E2B Flash drive.
After Win10 has been copied over, the system will then automatically copy over any applications and drivers to the hard disk from the USB drive (except the SDI folder).
SetupComplete.cmd will automatically run at the end of setup.
On first (automatic) user logon, a startup script will run. This can be used to install more apps and configure the user's profile, if required. Reboots can be performed, but the same startup.cmd script will run again, so you must check for a reboot in your script and jump to another script to complete any installs, etc.
Currently I have this working on my Asus EeePC 904HA netbook with Win10 32-bit. It installs all drivers (Device Manager is clean) and Google Chrome fully automatically in 45 minutes (it has USB 2.0 ports and just 2GB of RAM so it is quite slow - using a Lenovo IdeaPad 300 with SSD and a USb 3.0 port it takes under 12 minutes).
I have arranged it so that it will automatically detect the correct 32\64-bit version to install (e.g. Chrome 64-bit on a 64-bit Windows OS). So the same XML can be used for both 32-bit and 64-bit Windows OS installs.
The system will be designed to be flexible, so a user can install any apps they like if they are added to the appropriate folder. By choosing the appropriate XML file from E2B, they can control what configuration they want.
I will test it out on a Lenovo IdeaPad 300 next week and maybe add a few more apps too, and then provide it as a download for you to try (or I may even add it to E2B and include a generic SDI XML file too!). The download will be fairly small and contain SDI Lite (<10MB) because you can run SDI manually and download the DriverPacks yourself - you can choose which ones you want).
I would suggest you download the Network driver pack and chipset driver pack first, so that these can be installed offline. Once you have a network connection, you could then run SDI again (manually or automatically). You could even connect to a network share which contained a full SDI folder and run SDI again from the network share to add the rest of the drivers.
It would be possible to copy the whole SDI+DriverPacks folder from the USB drive to the target hard disk. This would allow you to remove the USB drive and use it on another system sooner. However, this would involve copying up to 13GB of files.
SDI is a fantastic tool for anyone who needs to install Windows systems on a regular basis.
:: Allow user to run shell and type commands, etc.


Bederman, Diane Weber. Back to the Ethic: Reclaiming Western Values. Canada, Mantua Books, 2015.
The belief in an ethical God makes it possible over time, to move from a society of tribes to a society of many tribes, held together with commonly shared beliefs, stories, and traditions, because this God demands that we care for the other, the stranger, because we know how a stranger feels; we were once strangers in a strange land (see Exodus 23:9) (p. 60).
Canadian author Diane Weber Bederman, a friend of BackChannels' editor, has put together a brief compelling volume about the origins of compassion, empathy — a pervasive thoughtfulness most of all — in contemporary western thought by way of Biblical language and lore and the interaction of the Judeo-Christian vision of God and man as woven through the western experience.
Ethical monotheism is not the enemy.
Belief in the ethical God of the Christians and Jews counterbalances egoism and the idolization of another human being. I cannot place belief in any man perfecting himself. The evidence is overwhelmingly to the contrary. I wrote about that earlier, in my chapter "The Snake Tempted Me," about the Enlightenment and the rise of secularism. More people have died from wars that embraced secular fundamentalist propaganda than have been killed in wars based on religious differences. Encyclopedia of Wars authors Charles Phillips and Alan Axelrod document the history of recorded warfare. From their list of 1,763 wars, only 123 are classified as involving a religious cause; these wars account for less than 7 percent of all wars and less than 2 percent of all people killed in warfare. It is estimated that more than 160 millions civilians were killed in genocides in the twentieth century alone, with nearly 100 million killed by the Communist states of USSR and China. Think of Joseph Stalin, Mao Zedong, Pol Pot, Idi Amin, Kim Jong-il, and Adolph Hitler.
Bederman is right and rightly quotable, page after well researched and thoughtfully written page, for her book reminds of basic principles and tenets that form the bulwark of a healthy and productive western society.
The tour begins close to the thought, "Before ethical monotheism and the revelation at Mount Sinai, there was little concept of the intrinsic value of a human being. There was little concept of the sacredness of human life" (p. 11).
Given the spectacle created by dictator and "eye doctor" Bashar al-Assad in Syria with the help of Putin, Khamenei, and Baghdadi, one cannot discount Bederman's observation of history and its present corollaries, for conscience, empathy, kindness, human rights, freedom, and love itself may not be givens in human affairs but transmitted through the oral and written traditions in language of a civilization born of suffering beneath the words, whips, and yokes of tyrants. For that, the Judeo-Christian experience has been (from Pharaoh to Hitler) immense.
There is a commentary in one of the many books about the Bible that imagines God's response to the happiness of the Israelites after the drowning of the Egyptians. God hears the angels singing and celebrating His great victory. But instead of rejoicing weeps and rebukes them. "Why are you singing?" He asks. "Why are you rejoicing? The Egyptians are My children, too, and they are dead, drowned in the sea. There is no cause for you to sing. Their deaths are not to be celebrated" (p. 38).
True, and to BackChannels' mind memory of a passage in an old Haggadah serves up the same lesson.
We — of the Jews and the "mixed multitudes" that joined the flight from Pharaoh, of "the west", of the world's democratic open societies, of the realms of the considerate and lawful (as opposed to those more familiar with capricious justice) — don't rejoice at death, not even the death of mortal enemies.
As a philosophy of ethics, Bederman takes on abortion, utilitarianism, geneticism, too accepting a multiculturalism, and, of course, moral relativism: "If ethics have no extrinsic or intrinsic substantive base, then ethical decisions will be made by those in power who can impose their beliefs on others" (p. 75).
Again, page after page, Back to the Ethic proves a rich and thoughtful reading, one also at times personal as when Bederman encounters her own passage through hell in the form of a costly medical misdiagnosis and the path she takes in response to it. However, the author does not dwell in the region of her own mortality but rather in the realm of the universal and its reflection in scripture and the defense through time of Judeo-Christian belief in the structuring of the western tradition and today's compassionate, democratic, open, and most vibrant societies.
We don't do "bloodlines" — we do lines of belief.
Catholics may wish to differ as regards the ownership of Rome.
Saudi Arabia rakes in $30 billion annually from the Haj — and all, of course, are welcome to return.
However, there are many Muslim-majority states worldwide, and so the issue is somewhat disingenuous as regards where a Muslim may feel at home or where a longer-lived tribesman whose cultural legacy far predates Islam and to whom conversion (even if sold as "reversion") surviving some elements in Islam would seem to be a local issue this day.
As an ethno-religious presence, the Jews have a broad community and many arguments about being Jewish come up as much as they do in Islam.
My direction as regards ethnography, governance, and religion are involve just two or three themes: 1) let's meet somewhere around monotheist humanism and agree to peace; 2) global cultural diversity may be as important to humanity as global biological diversity — let's preserve one another by recognizing that others are "First People" and "Original People" and "Chosen People" too — the condition is not exclusive!; and 3) if we adopt as overarching values the pursuits of compassion, humility, inclusion, and integrity, our own humanity and the "humanity of humanity" will do just fine, and it may do just as much despite ourselves.
Every child born is born with ready made ethnicity, family, language, and religion.
Not every child born, however, gets to enjoy them or keep them, and there are many reasons for that, but in that we lose a few of our approximately 7,000 living languages each month, the matter of cultural diversity and preservation should be taken as seriously as that of biological diversity. We do not know what or whom may hold some secrets beneficial to the world's overall survival, experience of life, and qualities of living.
There is an old world obsessed with resource competition and deficit, but here one may argue, this given that food distribution, for example, presents economic, logistical, and political issues and proves as much or more of a challenge than producing raw food supply to cover hunger in the world, that the same are "problems in the head" and partly related to emotional deficit and social self-concept.
Heighten cooperation, integration, and trade across space, and one might find economic and resource development benefits concomitant.
Can we change the way we do business?
Our despots gather and tie up wealth primarily to expend the same in the worst ways imaginable; our NGOs and assorted nonprofit service organizations stretch dollars practically into infinity, or so they may try on behalf of the welfare of their fellow humans.
Compassion because concern with the well being of another creates always a more pleasing environment between the two.
Humility because while hurtling through space on our "pale blue dot", we may not know everything, and God forbid we ever do.
Inclusion because the more taken in with compassion, humility, and integrity, the stronger and more surviving the entire species that is Homo sapiens sapiens.
Integrity because when the lying stops, many conflicts will also, and some will be able to do more for many than is possible in decaying societies dependent on "pandering and slandering" for their existence.
I've edited Waseem Altaf's piece lightly, some for style by turning "%" into the written "percent" and spelling numbers when they're used to start a sentence, and some for online readability ("Paragraph frequently" would be my advice). The gist is simple, a familiar "tale of two states born in 1948" — one produces a mighty ultra-modern democracy, and the other suffers along with military dictatorships and a grievous record of political corruption and violence.
In general, I argue the comparison only partially valid and otherwise deeply unfair.
We were extremely poor yet we had books at home, said Ada Yonath, the 2009 Nobel laureate in chemistry from Israel. Six million Israelis buy twelve million books every year, being the highest consumers of books in the world.
Knowledge comes through education and Israel has the highest school life expectancy in South West Asia with the highest literacy rate.
In Israel, education is compulsory for children between the ages of three and eighteen.
Israel also spends $110 on scientific research per year per person. Six of the best universities in the world are in Israel. For every 10,000 Israelis there are 145 engineers or scientists. On the other hand there is zero percent chance that Pakistan will achieve the millennium development goals on education by 2015. India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka are well on their way to achieving the same goals.
One in ten "out of school children" in the world is a Pakistani.
What is required is an additional spending of rupees 100 billion, a fifty percent increase over current spending.
Israel, the most threatened country in the world was spending 24 percent of its GDP on defense in 1984. Today it is spending only 7.3 percent. The budgetary allocations have since been diverted towards productive sectors of the economy. We on the other hand are spending around 50 percent of the net revenue receipts on defense. As a major chunk of foreign arms purchases is made through loans, there is no account of the amount of loans taken and the interest paid thereon. As much as 50 percent of the net revenue receipts go to debt servicing.
As a result of "love for knowledge", deeply ingrained in the Jewish mindset, three out of the four most influential people in the last century were Jews. Except Charles Darwin, the others namely, Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud and Albert Einstein were all Jews. Forty-five Jews have won the Nobel prize in Physics so far. Twenty-eight received the Nobel prize for original contribution in the field of chemistry. Fifty-two of the Nobel laureates in the field of physiology and medicine were Jewish by birth. Twelve recipients of the Nobel prize in literature and 21 in economics were also Jews. Nine got the same prize for peace. In other words, 0.3 percent of world population received 24 percent of the Nobel prizes.
A Jewish mother would like her son to be a scientist than to be the Head of a State. Albert Einstein was offered the Presidency of Israel which he politely refused.
So it all originates in the family values.
The love for knowledge is learned as it is valued in the family. Anything rewarded in the form of praise or other incentives within the family and for that matter in the larger social setting is reinforcing and ultimately becomes part of the national character. A state and society which honors the knowledgeable becomes a formidable force to reckon with, as technology is based on scientific knowledge and whoever has the technology has the power.
The six day war which Israel fought against the combined armies of Egypt, Syria, Jordan and Iraq resulted in the total capitulation of the Arab Armies. Israel captured the Gaza strip and Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, the Golan Heights from Syria and the West bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan. Some 779 Jews were killed against 21,000 Muslims.
While 24 percent of Nobel prizes went to the Jews 22 percent of humanity is Muslim. What has been their contribution in the last 800 years in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature and Economics? Approximately 1.4 billion Muslims have produced almost nothing yet 14 million Jews have given so much to humanity. We simply cannot repay what we owe to Jonas Salk who invented the polio vaccine in 1955, preventing billions of Muslims, Christians, Hindus and Jews from the effects of the deadly virus.
The Nobel Foundation is awarding the prize for more than 100 years, yet during this period the 1.4 billion Muslims have produced only six individuals who won the prestigious award: Abdus Salam considered a persona non grata in his own country, because of his religious beliefs; Ahmad Zawail with an American citizenship pursued his work in the U.S.; Naguib Mehfooz, an Egyptian was stabbed in the back by a fanatic Muslim; Shirin Ebadi, an Iranian human rights activist is in exile in Canada due to threats to her life in her own country; Orhan Pamuk, a Turkish novelist was criminally charged after he made statements alleging mass killings of Armenians and Kurds during the Ottoman period; and Muhammad Yunas, an economist from Bangladesh and the founder of Grameen Bank who has also been subjected to an audit by the government for alleged wrongdoings. A number of petty cases have also been instituted against him.
At present only one percent scientists in the world are Muslims.
Today a large part of the Muslim world is taken over by forces preaching nothing but hatred and contempt for all others belonging to the out-group. Anyone can be held guilty of blasphemy if his or her views do not match with the official dogmas. The total emphasis is on the revealed truth and not on empirical knowledge. We hate to find the truth. For us truth lies in all kinds of conspiracy theories. From 9/11 to the crash of Air Blue Airliner to cricket match fixing to floods every phenomenon was the result of some kind of conspiracy against us.
In a recent survey conducted by "Newsline", 57 percent of Pakistani youth was in favor of a non-secular state. You visit any educational institution and would find more than half the students with obscurantist views. This ideologically motivated lot is conditioned to see the world in a context which suits their strongly held beliefs reinforced by the forces of dark.
No place for empirical knowledge on the national priority list, indoctrination of hatred, intolerance, revenge, death and destruction is what leads to the collapse of civil order, civil society and finally the state.
Quest for empirical knowledge, tolerance, respect for mutual coexistence, love for all human beings regardless of their faith, are attributes of a progressive, peaceful and prosperous society and a stable state.
I have seen this argument before and have to this point provided caution in relation to several assumptions and variables.
For one thing, not all Israelis (or Jews) are successful or otherwise shielded from the vicissitudes of life. About 20 percent of Israelis live in poverty; a significant number of Israelis emigrate for both economic and educational opportunity plus personal reasons, a mixed picture but one suggesting too that all is not magical in the Jewish State.
The "family values" mentioned, including their being deeply integrated into a now ancient and global ethnic and religious commune, has its own intellectual roots and evolution that starts with the Torah and its mix of origin myths, legends, illustrative stories, and admonitory rules that INVITE argument, criticism, discussion, and exegesis. Despite the investment or expenditure of great energy in determining a good way to live (with God and with others), the Jewish experience includes horrific episodes of destruction and suffering. Such historic tragedies tend to cleave away what one may call "things that didn't work" — like priests and animal sacrifice and burnt offerings.
Thirteen million contemporary Jews, fewer than half gathered in modern Israel, the rest scattered in Diaspora and sharing a common heritage in each heart comes to not even 1/100 of the Ummah's breadth and reach involving the conquest / conversion / reversion of thousands of otherwise formerly separated peoples.
A certain kind of social engineering story comes out in the numbers cited in relation to state-based investments split between, say, defense ware and human capital. However, another part engages with self-concept and the detection and definition of ideals and values as they may be envisioned and suspended in language and transmitted in language behavior. The Jewish heritage has not only to do with "investments in human capital" but with the transmission across generations of the core monotheism, i.e., faith in one God, a concomitant investment in the guidance inspired by the study of the Torah, and, finally, the integration of that conversation into Jewish customs, laws, and traditions that have radiated outward into larger global societies, making, for example, the Romans who once destroyed Jewish life in Jerusalem, Christians, millions of whom promote the Jewish return to Jerusalem and the Land of Israel.
As seen in the last century, neither customs nor ethics served to defend mine from German barbarism, but both having informed a greater surrounding civilization — having more of humanity with it, literally — prevailed in that round.
It doesn't take much light reading in, say, linguistics to realize how wild a species we are — just as we are biological and have to wrestle with all implied by that — and I've inclined to think that civilizational efforts are essentially minority affairs, i.e., with many contributing "moral entrepreneurs" everywhere (from many walks) working with language across time and through the species but slowly and with time to be slow to effect adaptive, global, and positive change, but not monolithic change.
In essence, I believe an evolving, modernizing humanity will strive to improve its felt qualities of living, but it may do so while experiencing and grinding against other tendencies.
At about this point, I generally note that Moses led not only Jews but a "mixed multitude" out of Egypt, and as parable the story repeats itself but perhaps in widening circles.
It's coaches a competition where one must win (something, I guess) at the expense of the other.
However, the structure I foresee is more integrating, more binding together, more engaged with an evolving way in thought that need not belong particularly to anyone but may be more a natural expression of an evolving human consciousness.
Again, within that cosmological view, God and a small part of the world work on that emergence together and across myriad cultures and languages, while the larger part of the world passing its ages in darkness becomes with every generation itself a little smaller.
"For the record, Jewish thought, as little as I may know of it, may reject or overarch the Christian invention of "Original Sin".
The emphasis I have found in cursory online reading more involves the human awakening to life and, indeed, its travail. While the story contains an admonition ("Don't eat the apple"), a crime (the snake tempted Eve who eats the apple and has Adam share her fate — rather like marriage, that), and a punishment, the whole involving the "fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil" may signal the removal of the human from a less conscious natural order to one, as I've suggested, suddenly conscious, self-aware (self-conscious), and conscionable, i.e., aware of right and wrong.
"Speaking as a Jew: the traditions in English literature twine with the history of Christianity and the presence of the Enlightenment, and there has been in that a tension maintained between clerical and natural views of man's existence and cultural and social ways. I think we are old enough — I hope I am — to understand even from a one-language perspective (my limitation, unfortunately) that other languages contain and sustain other histories, ideas, and potentials.
It's not courage and strength that lend themselves to fascism, any format, but fear and weakness that allows such juggernauts to overtake men and women unprepared for it or vulnerable to its pandering and its promises. Time and again, as much happens — and it can happen anywhere — and to head it off, because the fascistic impulse is always unnatural, unsustainable, and tragic, one asks for a more informed and strengthened common humanity — that is work for language but not just one language.


In this post, we have covered some of the Legendary Hoteliers in the world to have ever lived.
We love the Hotel industry of today. It has grown multiple folds and we can't think of a destination without exquisite hotels.
At times, our vacation is more about the hotel stay that the place itself. This is the impact hotels play in our lives. A lot of hotels are a destination in themselves.
But, the Hotel industry was not so developed for centuries. We can credit the humongous growth of the hotel industry to a lot of legendary hoteliers in the world. In this article, we have tried to compile a list of the most influential hoteliers to have ever lived in the world.
So, who are these Hoteliers and what does the term Hotelier mean?
Hoteliers are people who own or manage Hotels or Hospitality establishments. The list can thus include entrepreneurs, Senior executive and CXO level influential personalities of the Hotel industry.
Hoteliers by the above definition can also include Chefs who own or manage hotels. We have, however, not included chefs in this list just to avoid any confusion. Our other post on Top Celebrity Chefs has covered some of the legendary chefs in the world.
So, let's start with this interesting journey.
A word of caution though. While we have tried to cover a lot of legendary hoteliers, we might have missed a lot of them. We will try to keep adding more heroes of the Hotel industry in future updates.
Also, we would not dare rank them in any particular order. They all deserve to be ranked as the numero uno of the Hotel industry.
Without any further ado, let's begin!!
Known as the 'King of Hoteliers' and 'Hotelier to the Kings'. He is, arguably, one of the most influential hoteliers to have ever lived.
This Swiss Hotelier has few of the best hotels in the world to his credit.
It has been almost 100 years since he took his last breath but he still lives in the hearts and minds of hoteliers of the world through several posh hotels and colleges on his name.
Bill Marriott / JW Marriott Jr.
Bill Marriott is no new name to the hospitality industry. It is under his stewardship that Marriott International became the biggest Hotel chain in the world.
He held the position of CEO of Marriott International before stepping down from the post and becoming Executive Chairman in 2012.
He is the son of another great Hotelier, JW Marriott (John Willard Marriott) who founded Marriott Corporation that later became Marriott International in 1993.
Marriott International recently acquired Starwood Hotels and Resorts in the biggest Hotel acquisition deal ever. This in itself speaks of the work this legendary hotelier has done to the group.
Marriott International is also one of the best Hospitality employers and ranks high in terms of innovation.
This is getting interesting. Isn't it? These are some of the popular names globally. These hoteliers have helped Hotel industry what it is of today.
Being the Great Grandfather of celebrity 'Paris Hilton' is not the only feather in the cap of Conrad Hilton.
Here we have some facts for you to fortify the assertion that Conrad Hilton is one of the most influential hoteliers to have graced this earth ever.
Conrad Hilton started the journey by converting the store to a 10 room hotel. The journey paved the way for Hilton Worldwide of today.
Waldorf Astoria New York was one of his brainchild that still stands tall as one of the most renowned hotels in the world.
Have you heard of the Leela Group of India? It partnered with Kempinski to create few of the most amazing hotels in the world.
Leela Group has also partnered with other global Hotel chains to create a few awesome hotels, especially in India.
CP Krishnan Nair or 'Captain Nair' as he was popularly called was awarded the 'Hotelier of the Century' by the International Hotel and Restaurant Association.
The American Academy of Hospitality Sciences granted him with a lifetime achievement award.
Leela Stands tall in terms of luxury Hotels in India and can be found right along with exquisite Hotels of Taj and Oberoi.
Have a look at two of the hotels of Leela in this beautiful short video depicting 10 Luxury hotels in India.
Kemmons Wilson is the founder of the Holiday Inn Chain of Hotels.
Coming from humble backgrounds, he is a role model to a lot of hoteliers making him one of the greatest hoteliers to have ever lived.
Holiday Inn originated when Kemmons saw a need for good roadside hotels in the USA. Incidentally the name 'Holiday Inn' was inspired by a movie of 1942 with the same name.
Who would have guessed back then that Holiday Inn would become a global entity within the next few decades?
Management style and charisma of Kemmons Wilson made him one of the top legendary hoteliers of all times.
Stephen A Wynn is a real state businessman who is known for his involvement in the Amercian Casino Hotel industry.
Have you heard of the famous 'Bellagio Casino Hotel' in Las Vegas? Well, the credit goes to Stephen Wynn.
And, the list continues to include a few other notable names as far as the hotel industry is concerned making him one of the most influential hoteliers in the USA and the world today.
Read More on Steve Wynn.
Who doesn't know the Starwood Hotels and Resorts (recently acquired by Marriott)?
Barry Sternlicht is known for Starwood Hotels & W Hotels both of which were his brainchild.
He also ensured through a series of acquisitions that a lot of hotels like Westin Hotel & Resorts, St. Regis, Sheraton etc. come under the Starwood umbrella.
That's quite a bit of achievement at the age of 57. Isn't it?
He is indeed a prolific hotelier who is redefining the hotel industry. For this very reason, he was awarded 'America's best Lodging CEO' by Institutional Investor magazine.
Several Oberoi Hotels appear in the Global list of Luxury Hotels. Bikki Oberoi is regarded as one of the legendary hoteliers worldwide.
Biki Oberoi is the Chairman of the Oberoi Group which is the third largest Hospitality Chains in India.
He has been conferred with Padma Vibhushan in 2008 which is the second highest civilian honour in India.
Another legendary hotelier who is known to have introduced to the world the 'Boutique Category of Hotels'.
He is the co-founder of the popular Boutique Hotel chain, Morgans Hotel group. However, Ian shot to fame with his extremely popular themed nightclub 'Studio 54'.
Well, we would love to continue with this list of legends of the hotel industry but every good thing comes to an end.
We bid adieu with a list of few more influential hoteliers and some references for enthusiasts who want to dig deeper into lives of these legends or want to explore more contemporary hoteliers.
Jay Pritzker – Cofounder of Hyatt Corporation. An entrepreneur par excellence.
Paul Dubrule & Gerard Pellisson– They are co-founders of French Accor Group which has over 3,200 hotels globally.
Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata– One of the biggest businessmen in India had a dream to start a luxury Hotel chain in India. First of the many Taj hotels was built under his guidance in 1903 and it was none other than the iconic Taj Mahal Hotel of Mumbai.
André Tomes Balazs- This legendary hotelier has 8 luxury Hotels and 40 residences in his portfolio of Hospitality establishments.
Micky Rosen & Alex Urseanu – Alex and Micky have been a great name in the Hotel industry since 1990 due to their Design hotels. These entrepreneurs are recreating luxury experience through modern designs.
While the list here explored the legendary hoteliers in the world to have ever lived, continue your journey to the Power 50 list by Hotelier Middle East. The list includes few of the top contemporary and influential hoteliers of today like Simon Casson (Four Seasons Hotels & Resorts), Antoine El Sayegh (President, Gloria Hotels), Peter Fulton (Hyatt International) and another 47 amazing hoteliers.


Pyramid Saimira is doing a novel thing for children. The first day first show of Kuselan in Chennai has been earmarked for children from an orphanage in Chennai!
The first ever public show of Kuselan was on Friday, August 1 at Pyramid Saimira run 1200- seater Woodlands Pyramid near Roypettah clock tower in Chennai. Children from many orphanages in Chennai city have been invited for this special screening.
Says P.S Saminathan, the Managing Director of Pyramid Saimira: "Children of all ages are Rajinikanth's biggest fans. Kuselan is a family entertainer with a cute message on friendship. One of its major plus point is the scene where Vadivel acting as a crazy fan of the superstar meets him for the first time. Vadivel's comedy scenes with Rajini will bring the house down."


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Get Your NIN Ahead of 2022 UTME – JAMB Warns Candidates
Candidates interested in writing the Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB)'s 2022 Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examinations (UTME) have been told to get their National Identification Number (NIN) ahead of the exercise.The board stated this on Monday in its weekly bulletin released by the Office of the Registrar in Abuja.JAMB said that it would soon start the sale of application documents and registration for the 2022 UTME and Direct Entry(DE)."The board, is at the moment, engaging its core functionaries in a series of intensive training to ensure that once the date is announced, the stage would have been set for yet another hitch-free exercise. "The release of this information is in line with the board's firm determination to ensure that candidates who are desirous of enrolling are ready and prepared. "Similarly, it is expected to serve as a wake-up call to all who may want to register, to first obtain their NIN, a major prerequisite for the UTME registration. "For those who may want to obtain any of the two application documents, they are advised to get their NIN and also familiarise themselves with the board's Integrated Brochure and Syllabus System (IBASS). "It will give them an idea of the course requirements and the syllabus they are expected to cover for the examination," the board said.According to JAMB, IBASS is on the board's website and can also be downloaded on Google Playstore and other similar platforms.The board said that the next step was for candidates to create their profiles by sending their NIN to 55019.JAMB added that it had put adequate measures in place to checkmate those who might want to cheat.It said that it had also strengthened all administrative procedures for the smooth prosecution of any candidate, centre or staff of JAMB found to have been involved in an infraction.
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The Singapore Sling: A Refreshing Drink for the Weekend
By David Wondrich
Nigel Cox
Even if the city that surrounds it has become a crisp, efficient, thoroughly uptight center of modern finance, Singapore's Raffles Hotel still conjures up images of louche, colonial luxury. This is in no small part due to its signature drink, the Singapore Sling, a tall red concoction that stands proud at the head of the tribe of umbrella drinks. There are countless different recipes for the Sling in existence, and not even the hotel has the original 1915 recipe, which has been lost to history. But this one comes from a 1948 cocktail guide written by one John Kelly, an undoubtedly upstanding citizen who ran a liquor-importing business in Shanghai before the Japanese chased him out. Once back in the States, he claimed that he got his Sling recipe directly from the good people at Raffles. We have no reason to doubt him, and with its twin virtues of simplicity and delicious, we daresay we believe in him.
The Recipe: Combine in a tall glass: 1.5 oz London dry gin (Beefeater or Tanqueray), 1.5 oz Cherry Herring or Bols cherry brandy, and .5 oz fresh-squeezed lime juice. Add ice, stir, and top off with 1 oz chilled seltzer. Float .5 oz Plymouth sloe gin over the top, stick a straw in it, and garnish with a lime wheel perched on the rim.
From the Spring 2010 issue of Esquire's Big Black Book.
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MJ Freeway said Monday it could take two or three weeks to fully restore service to dispensaries and recreational marijuana stores after an alleged cyberattack knocked out the company's software platform over the weekend.
The Denver-based firm – which provides software that helps businesses manage inventory, handle sales transactions and comply with regulations – initially expected to have all of its 1,000-plus customers in 23 marijuana states fully up and running on the system again by Tuesday.
But an MJ Freeway executive said Monday afternoon it will take anywhere from 24 to 72 hours for customers to get access to "operational sites" that will allow businesses to handle sales transactions, though they won't be able to pull up historical transaction logs.
It could take two or three weeks for the company to restore full service, including historical data, for some cannabis retailers, said Jeannette Ward, director of data and marketing for MJ Freeway.
"It's unfortunate for clients, for sure, but at least it gives them a system to operate in, versus paper, which is what they're doing right now," Ward said.
Many dispensaries and stores closed as a result of the outage, while others switched to a manual process of recording sales transactions.
Ward added that the attack and the resulting damage are far worse than originally thought.
Ward said there is no evidence currently that any medical cannabis patient data or business data was decrypted or compromised and that all signs still point to a cyberattack causing the crash.
So we aren't or we are going to get are historical data? We spent a lot of money getting this system designed and running doing most of it ourselves yet we paid to have it all erased? And we are mandated by law to have that information where I reside. This is unbelievable. What kind of security did these people have? We already had Greenbits calling us this morning. I want a full refund.
Morgan, I hope they give you a refund just so they don't have to deal with your ignorance in the future, they'll be much better off.
Why would a client post a question like this in a public form instead of contacting the company directly?
odd to me that a "cyber attack" got as far inside their perimeter to effect their databases.
This makes me question their network security, monitoring, and how well they are backing up data.
Unfortunate. Quite a word to use here. If this was out of the blue maybe. Luck and skill are both important in business results. Both played a role I'm sure.
On January 10th MJ Freeway crashed again after we spent hours re inputting our inventory data. We are losing customers and sales and are left with no system or customer data.
This is crazy – how was there no decent backup solution in place? Regardless of the attack or system failure, there are solutions out there to have business continuity. Data recovery from a major system failure should take lake than an hour. Hours at most. Days or weeks is unconscionable. More likely piss poor system planning followed by hardware failure.
Poor security by them. And still down for the fifth or sixth day?!


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james r pomerantz
Perceptual organization in vision
James R. Pomerantz is a cognitive psychologist with a specialty in human visual perception and attention. He is Professor of Psychological Sciences at Rice University as well as Adjunct Professor of Neuroscience at Baylor College of Medicine and Adjunct Professor of Neurobiology & Anatomy at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
Pomerantz earned his Bachelor of Arts degree with distinction and high honors in Psychology from the University of Michigan in 1968. Following two years at Bell Telephone Laboratories researching motion perception and helping with the development of PicturePhone (now better known as Skype, Zoom, and Facetime), he earned his Ph.D. from Yale University in 1974.
He began his teaching career at Yale in 1973, moving to the Johns Hopkins University as Assistant Professor of Psychology in 1974. In 1977, he was appointed Associate Professor and subsequently Professor of Psychology at the State University of New York at Buffalo, where he remained until he joined the faculty of Rice University in 1988, as the Elma W. Schneider Professor of Psychology and Dean of Social Sciences.
Pomerantz moved to Brown University in 1995, as Provost and Professor of Cognitive & Linguistic Sciences. During the 1997-98 academic year, he served as Provost and as Acting President of Brown. In 2000, he returned to Rice University as Professor of Psychology and Director of Neurosciences. From 2001-2006 he also served as Director of Scientia and of the De Lange Conference.
Pomerantz is a Fellow of the Psychonomic Society, where he currently serves as Chair of the Governing Board. He is also a Fellow of the American Psychological Association, the American Psychological Society, and the Society of Experimental Psychologists. He served as President of the FABBS Foundation, a Washington DC-based non-profit serving the behavioral, psychological, cognitive, and brain sciences; and as President of Disability 101, a Houston, Texas-based non-profit serving individuals with disabling chronic disease. In 2009 he gave the Rock Memorial Lecture at the University of California, Berkeley, and in 2011 gave the Kanizsa Lecture at the University of Trieste in Italy. In May 2014 he and his graduate student Kimberley Orsten shared 3rd prize in the international Best Illusion of the Year Contest, sponsored by the Neural Correlate Society.
Pomerantz's research focuses on human visual perception with an emphasis on the perception of form and of structure in visual patterns, Gestalt psychology, and on the role of attention in perceptual organization. He has also published on motion perception, color perception, texture perception, visual imagery, and theoretical approaches to perception.
Pomerantz is married to Mary B. McIntire, Ph.D., who for 31 years was Dean of the Glasscock School of Continuing Studies at Rice University. He has two children: Andrew E. Pomerantz (a Yale graduate and Stanford PhD now working as a physical chemist for Schlumberger in Cambridge, MA) and William J. Pomerantz (a Harvard graduate with a Masters from International Space University in Strasburg, France now Vice President for Special Projects at Virgin Orbit near Los Angeles, CA).
His pastimes include photography, running, and writing. His photographs have appeared in a few juried exhibitions, and a volume of his photographs is held in the permanent collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. He is a member of the Houston Marathon Legacy Runners after completing 10 or more Houston full marathons. His writing and photography have appeared in Texas Monthly magazine..
James R. Pomerantz


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After underpaying its New York drivers for years, Uber settles for $3 million
By Lulu Chang	 January 11, 2018
Uber can subtract one acse from its ever-expanding roster of legal woes (though it likely won't make a dent). The ridesharing company has agreed to pay up to $3 million as a settlement for a proposed class-action lawsuit on behalf of 2,421 drivers in New York who claimed that Uber was underpaying them. In May 2017, the transportation giant admitted that it had "accidentally" underpaid drivers in the Big Apple for two and a half years, an oversight that was said at the time to amount to tens of millions of dollars.
The settlement was initially filed in federal court on Monday, and still awaits approval from U.S. District Judge Nicholas Garaufis, who is presiding over the case. But even as drivers and their lawyers await final approval, the decision marks a victory in what has become a multiyear ordeal (the complaint was originally filed in December 2015).
"The $3 million settlement provides long-overdue compensation to the approximately 2,400 New York drivers that opted out of the arbitration provision in the Uber driver agreement," said Philip Hines of Held & Hines LLP, the law firm representing the drivers. "The overwhelming majority of New York drivers were not able to successfully opt out of arbitration, and so we are pursuing these same claims on behalf of these clients at arbitration proceedings."
In addition to having their wages excessively docked, the drivers also claim that Uber is guilty of "false advertising." As per court filings, Uber suggested in both bus and billboard ads that drivers would make "$5,000 guaranteed" within a month of starting at Uber. Drivers, however, claimed this was patently false, and said that this claim required contract workers to "unlawfully … assume costs associated with the tools of their trade."
Uber, for its part, has denied charges of wrongdoing, and did not respond to requests for comment.
After initially admitting that it had kept wages from drivers for years, however, the company noted in 2017: "We are working hard to regain driver trust, and that means being transparent, sticking to our word, and making the Uber experience better from end to end." This settlement may help in making good on that promise.
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Le biberon, (du latin bibere, « boire ») ou bouteille en Suisse, est un ustensile utilisé pour l'allaitement artificiel. Il se présente aujourd'hui sous la forme d'un flacon gradué (en verre ou en polycarbonate) de contenance réduite muni d'une tétine (en caoutchouc ou en silicone). Depuis son invention, le biberon a connu une multitude d'améliorations, d'innovations, certaines malheureuses (les longs tuyaux), d'autres essentielles.

Histoire

L'alimentation infantile au moment du sevrage est une période risquée pour l'enfant. Le lait animal, non pasteurisé, comporte en effet davantage de risques de contamination que le lait maternel. L'amélioration globale de l'alimentation lors de la révolution néolithique favorise l'utilisation du lait animal dans des biberons préhistoriques (poteries ayant cette fonction attestées dans des tombes d'enfants  avant notre ère) et conduit à une hausse du taux de natalité.

De nombreux biberons antiques (récipients en verre ou en terre cuite présents dans bien des musées et quelques collections) n'en sont pas mais seraient plutôt des « tire-lait ». Le qualificatif de biberon pour ces objets découverts lors de fouilles archéologiques fait référence aux caractères morphologiques de ces vases (hauteur généralement de 8 à , capacité de 70 à ) et ne préjuge en rien de leur fonction, d'autant plus qu'il est difficile de déterminer si ces récipients sont utilisés pour la phase de l'allaitement ou celle du sevrage.

L'utilisation d'ustensiles pour l'allaitement artificiel à l'époque médiévale est quant à elle peu fréquente. On trouve essentiellement des réutilisations d'objets d'usage domestique (pots, cuillères...) et les cornes de vache percées pourraient être considérées à ce titre comme les premiers biberons.

Les périodes qui s'étendent du  au  sont toutes marquées par une évolution importante. Comme toute évolution historique, ces changements se font de manière progressive et la première moitié du  voit ainsi se côtoyer les modèles les plus variés.

Évolution des définitions
D'après E. Beaugrand, Dictionnaire encyclopédique des sciences médicales, Tome 9, Victor Masson et Fils, Paris, 1868 :

Cette définition du  cadre bien le sujet. On doit, lorsque l'on parle de biberons, distinguer les divers ustensiles utilisés pour l'allaitement artificiels de ceux inventés dans le but d'imiter le sein maternel et qui peuvent, seuls, être qualifiés de biberons.

D'après l'Encyclopédie Hachette, édition 2005 :

Presque 150 ans séparent cette définition de la première. Les changements qui ont mené aux biberons d'aujourd'hui sont autant le fait des progrès scientifiques, qu'industriels et commerciaux.

Des premiers ustensiles au

Antiquité

Les « biberons » romains, désigné par les termes latins ,  ou , ressemblent à des vases au pied plat ou annulaire, à la panse globulaire légèrement surbaissée, au col assez large et un bec tubulaire conique et très étroit à mi-hauteur de la panse. Il est parfois muni d'une anse verticale. Certains .

Dans son édition du 20 février 2004, Le Monde publie un article traitant du sujet sous la plume de Patrick Martinat :

Son hypothèse théorique du tire-lait — « un instrument médical encore utilisé aujourd'hui pour dégorger un sein » — se conforte. Présentée à Libourne en 2000, l'idée d'une aspiration du lait par la mère elle-même est « plutôt bien accueillie ». Reste à l'expérimenter. « Une amie venait d'accoucher. Je lui ai demandé de pratiquer cette méthode d'auto-aspiration, qui a fonctionné », explique l'archéologue.

Moyen Âge

On trouve dans plusieurs tableaux et gravures de, ou d'après, Pieter Brueghel l'Ancien des représentations d'enfants avec ce qui peut être considéré comme un biberon et qui n'est autre qu'une corne. Cette version primitive dite « cornet » restera utilisée pendant fort longtemps dans les campagnes d'Europe. C'est sans aucun doute l'instrument le plus simple et le plus ancien ayant été utilisé pour nourrir les enfants à la main. La corne, une fois nettoyée, était percée au bout et le petit orifice ainsi créé, recouvert d'un pis de vache ou d'un tissu enroulé et maintenu par un fil ; ce second système dit du « drapeau » perdurera jusqu'au début du  et coiffera une grande variété de modèles. Le lait le plus employé était celui de chèvre réputé plus digeste, d'où le nom de « chevrette » pour désigner la corne à allaiter des nourrissons ou le vase à goulot tubulaire (en terre cuite, en verre ou en étain) pour les enfants assez âgés pour savoir tenir cet objet.

Premiers biberons

Les premiers instruments « fabriqués » pour l'allaitement artificiel datent des . Ils sont vraisemblablement originaires de Russie, d'Allemagne, de Suisse ou encore de Hollande ou d'Angleterre et sont réservés aux couches aisées de la société.

Ils peuvent être des adaptations du cornet primitif façonnées en argent ou en verre, ou des ustensiles tournés en bois ou en étain. Les petites gens se contentent quant à eux du cornet médiéval, comme nous l'indique F. Ratier dans un article de 1830 qui aborde l'évolution de l'appareil :

« [...] à commencer par la corne de vache garnie à sa petite extrémité d'un trayon de l'animal, et que les paysans d'Ukraine présentent aux enfants… »

L'artisanat des

Un grand nombre d'ustensiles de formes, matières et natures différentes sont utilisées au cours des . Ces modèles trop variés pour être listés peuvent néanmoins être regroupés dans plusieurs grandes familles. Les spécimens abordés ont tous un point commun : adopter un système qui oblige l'enfant à exercer une succion. On écarte ainsi tous les instruments de type cuillère ou petit pot que les auteurs de l'époque différencient du biberon.

Biberons d'étain et de fer blanc

La plupart des biberons d'étain sont de type balustre à tétine vissée sur pied (ou piédouche). Il existe des « variantes », droits (non pansus) ou en forme de poire, mais dans tous les cas seule la tétine se dévisse. Ces modèles sont visibles dans les Musées de l'assistance publique à Paris et des Hospices civils de Lyon, ainsi que dans la collection Dufour.

Moins fréquents sont les balustres en trois parties qui se dévissent par le milieu. C'est pourtant un progrès indéniable en termes d'hygiène, preuve que cette préoccupation n'est pas encore d'actualité. Un exemplaire est répertorié dans le livre de l'Abbé Bidault (sans marque) et un autre dans l'ouvrage de Michel Schonn. Ce dernier est signé du potier d'étain Salmon à Chartres.

Plus étonnant encore, plusieurs catalogues pharmaceutiques du début des années 1860, présentent des biberons en forme de sabot de la marque Guilbaut. Ce fabricant, qui propose néanmoins le classique sur pied, semble le seul à avoir tenté la commercialisation de cette rareté.

Les biberons de fer blanc sont des petits pots à longs bec, réductions d'ustensiles ménagers de l'époque. Aujourd'hui, très peu fréquents par la nature altérable du matériau employé, ils n'en demeurent pas moins forts représentatifs.

Poteries régionales

Si les étains sont facilement identifiables, il n'en va pas de même des multiples poteries issues du Moyen Âge et dont l'apparence et l'utilisation ne sont pas toujours très évidentes. Ces pots présentent néanmoins plusieurs points communs sur lesquels on peut s'appuyer pour les identifier : un bec, court ou long, qu'on recouvre le plus souvent du drapeau, un trou de remplissage et une contenance qui varie en moyenne de 120 à .

Faïences de Quimper

Il est un type qui mérite qu'on s'y attarde, car il ne laisse aucun doute quant à son utilisation, c'est le « Pod bronnek ». Ce vase ovoïde sur piédouche est pourvu d'une ouverture supérieure à petit goulot droit, d'une anse latérale et d'un bec en forme de mamelon.

Il semble établi que ces cruches furent employées comme biberons. Les Cartes Postales Anciennes bretonnes sur le thème sont presque fréquentes et de nombreux articles de la fin du  et du début du  l'évoque : dessin dans un ouvrage de 1889 ou encore illustration dans le Fureteur Breton qui montre ce type de biberon utilisé avec tuyau. Si cette utilisation est évidemment fantaisiste, elle prouve néanmoins sans équivoque que ce type d'objet fut utilisé pour l'allaitement des enfants. Enfin une huile sur toile de Gauguin datée de 1889 nous en montre un bel exemple.

Verre soufflé

C'est à la fin du , mais surtout au début du  que le verre se généralise dans le domaine de l'allaitement artificiel. Après plusieurs tentatives non concluantes avec le caoutchouc, les essais vont se recentrer sur le verre. Les qualités de transparence et d'inaltérabilité liés à cette matière en étant la principale raison. On peut ainsi lire dans plusieurs ouvrages de médecine du début du  des propos allant dans ce sens :

« Autant que possible, on choisit des biberons en verre ; ceux en métal, en bois ou en caoutchouc, contenant toujours à la longue une odeur plus ou moins forte, plus ou moins fétide, désagréable, repoussante pour l'enfant. »

Parmi les différents modèles en verre, la plupart seront de simples bouteilles mais une forme va se généraliser et perdurer pendant plus d'un siècle, c'est la limande. Elle apparaît au début du  et on en trouve encore en 1910 dans le catalogue Robert. Les caractéristiques de ce biberon n'évolueront que très peu pendant tout ce temps. Le biberon présente un corps oblong avec un bec soudé au corps principal par l'intermédiaire d'une collerette rapportée à chaud lors de la fabrication. Il comporte un trou de remplissage dans sa partie supérieure. Certains modèles, plus rares, sont sans collerette.

Le verre du  au début du

Parallèlement à ces flacons de verre soufflé, limandes ou non, vont apparaître plusieurs modèles qui auront en commun, outre d'adopter pour la plupart un système à tube interne et une tétine fort complexe, de porter le nom de leur inventeur. La grande nouveauté de ces biberons est donc de ne plus être anonymes. C'est l'arrivée des marques. Auparavant seuls quelques poinçons, peu fréquents on l'a vu, indiquaient l'origine.

Les premières marques

Loin d'être anodin, ce changement est probablement à l'origine du biberon moderne, qui va ainsi passer de l'artisanat à une production de fabrique avec commerce et publicité associée. On commence ainsi à trouver, au milieu du , des encarts qui ressemblent fort à de la publicité :

«  Breton, sage-femme, vient de transférer sa fabrique de biberons, bouts de sein, dans sa propriété rue Saint-sébastien, 40 boulevard des Filles-du-Calvaire, où elle reçoit des dames enceintes à tous termes de la grossesse, à des prix modérés. »

C'est le début de la concurrence entre les inventeurs, qu'ils soient médecins, sages-femmes ou industriels.

On trouve un grand nombre de modèles à la fin des années 1860. Le catalogue Dorvault de 1862 en fait l'inventaire : Biberon de Madame Breton, Darbo, Charrière, Thiers. On peut citer également le biberon Mathieu, ou encore le biberon de Salmers, celui de Leplanquais ou enfin celui de Burq.

Édouard Robert et les biberons à long tuyau
C'est au cours de la révolution industrielle que les biberons en verre prennent leur essor. L'industrie va permettre la production à grande échelle des flacons de verre. Cet inventeur fabricant va être pendant près de 50 ans le symbole de l'allaitement artificiel.

À la fin des années 1860, l'entrepreneur dijonnais Édouard Robert met au point son « biberon Robert à soupape » (système long tuyau agrémenté d'un second trou dit « soupape » pour la régulation du débit). Ce biberon symbolisera la marque pendant plus de 20 ans ; ceci bien que la fabrique produise quelques limandes et des biberons simples à bouchon de verre vissé et long tuyau.

Ce biberon recevra les louanges de beaucoup. Ainsi en 1873, le biberon Robert à soupape reçoit une médaille d'honneur, Inscription : « Paris 1873 - Exposition Universelle - Honneur à Robert » et une autre à Marseille l'année suivante par la Société protectrice de l'enfance. En 1883, dans un article rédigé par l'Académie d'hygiène contre les maladies du premier âge et la mortalité des nourrissons, le docteur Vandenabelle en fait l'éloge :

L'âge d'or du biberon
Un peu avant la fin des années 1880, commence une longue bataille contre ces engins de mort (appelés «  », les « bouteilles assassines » par les Anglais) car les chercheurs découvrent à cette époque les agents pathogènes des principales maladies infectieuses que le lait peut transmettre (tétanos, typhus, diphtérie, rouget du porc), d'où le constat que « le sein protège, le biberon rend malade, tue ou mène à la folie ». Le développement de la stérilisation du lait à la suite des travaux de l'Allemand Franz von Soxhlet favorise à la fin du  l'utilisation de biberons et tétines stérilisables qui vont transformer les relations entre femme et nourrisson, d'un point de vue symbolique comme d'un point de vue « pratique ».

Cette période est sans conteste l'une des plus riches en termes de modèles et de marques pour l'objet biberon. On passe progressivement du biberon à long tuyau, qui sera interdit en 1910, au biberon nourricier qui adopte une forme de sabot posé à plat.

Outre Robert, on peut citer Monchovaut, Grandjean, Rougeot ou Leplanquais, qui, bien qu'issus de la période préindustrielle, continuent à commercialiser des modèles tardivement.

Tous ces modèles, et bien d'autres, se partagent un marché de l'allaitement artificiel en pleine expansion au cours des quelques décennies qui séparent les premiers modèles d'inventeurs du début du , des stérilisateurs issus des « Gouttes de lait » de la fin du même siècle.

Du stérilisateur au biberon moderne du

La première partie du  est sans doute une des périodes où se côtoient le plus de modèles différents. Les campagnes françaises regorgent encore de biberons « tueurs » à longs tuyaux, mais aussi d'une multitude de petits pots en terre ou en faïence de la période préindustrielle. Les villes ne sont pas plus « modernes » et, si quelques pharmacies vendent les nouveaux biberons en verre creux de forme droite dont la marque Lolo est une des plus connues, on y trouve toujours les modèles nourriciers, bouteilles ou longs tuyaux du siècle précédent.

Le stérilisateur

Le catalogue Bachelet, dans sa  que l'on peut dater des années 1910–1920, présente le biberon Lolo au milieu des nourriciers Grandjean (incomparable et meusien), Robert (perfectionné sans tube et nourricier) et d'autres modèles du même genre. Cette page 54 du catalogue est assez représentative de ce début de siècle. Si les biberons sont désormais tous à tétine, la forme droite reste encore marginale.

Grâce aux observations et aux expériences de certains médecins, les recommandations de l'Académie de médecine vont se faire de plus en plus précises et l'hygiène va devenir la principale préoccupation des fabricants. La condamnation des anciens systèmes et la stérilisation poussent les fabricants à faire évoluer leurs modèles vers une forme plus moderne qui va mener au développement de ce qui reste encore dissocié du biberon : le stérilisateur.

Le sérigraphié

Un des premiers spécimens de ce type de biberon est probablement le biberon de marque Amour reproduit à la page 210 du catalogue Dufour. Ce modèle est daté du début du . Ce précurseur reprend les caractéristiques du genre : bouteille cylindrique avec inscriptions sérigraphiées en couleur. Pourtant, on ne peut encore parler de biberon sérigraphié au sens moderne. Les inscriptions sont, certes, « peintes au pochoir », mais de manière artisanale. Cette technique, très fastidieuse, sera vite remplacée par la sérigraphie industrielle.

Grâce à la sérigraphie couleur, le biberon va donc retrouver un moyen de se différencier. Cette fois, les marques vont être liées à l'industrie agroalimentaire et plus particulièrement laitière. Retenons Nestlé, Mont Blanc, Gloria, Maggi (racheté par Nestlé en 1947) ou encore Gallia/Gervais. Tous ces industriels produisent un lait dit concentré (sucré la plupart du temps), qui va devenir la base des préparations pour nouveau-nés de l'après-guerre à partir de 1946. Toutes ces marques auront évidemment en commun de mettre en avant les qualités de leurs produits.

Dans un premier temps Nestlé, Mont Blanc et quelques autres commercialiseront des biberons en verre fin de plusieurs tailles, puis Nestlé s'orientera vers la forme cylindrique que l'on connaît toujours et utilisera le verre Pyrex.

Le Suisse Nestlé et le Français Mont Blanc vont se partager une large part du marché pendant les années 1940 et 1950. Les inscriptions de ces modèles seront de véritables modes d'emploi.

La bague vissée

C'est au début des années 1950 que les biberons vont s'enrichir d'une innovation qui perdure encore aujourd'hui : le système à bague vissée. Ce système sera pourtant spécifique à un seul modèle, déposé, pendant un certain temps : le Bib 49. Le flacon de verre creux hexagonal est pourvu d'un large pas de vis sur lequel se fixe une bague qui retient la tétine, le tout protégé par un obturateur et l'ensemble n'a pas encore de bouchon. Le matériau bakélite employé au départ sera vite remplacé par le plastique.

. Les inscriptions sérigraphiées vont garder un temps leurs « multi dosages » (lait concentré, en poudre ou même naturel) pour finir par laisser place à une graduation unique en millilitres, avec la disparition des laits concentrés au profit des laits en poudre.

.

Santé

Stérilisation
Les « stérilisateurs » et les chauffe-biberons sont encore d'usage courant, même si les autorités sanitaires françaises (notamment l'Agence française de sécurité sanitaire en 2005) précisent que :
 la stérilisation des biberons n'est pas nécessaire pour des enfants en bonne santé. D'une part, un lavage au lave-vaisselle ou à la main, au goupillon, dans de l'eau chaude additionnée de liquide vaisselle est suffisant. D'autre part les dispositifs à micro-ondes ou les « stérilisateurs » du commerce ne leur permettent pas, au sens de la normalisation européenne (CEN) ou française (AFNOR), d'être qualifiés de procédés de stérilisation ;
 le réchauffement d'un biberon avant sa consommation ne s'impose qu'en cas de conservation à une température inférieure ou égale à .

Risque du plastique BPA
Le bisphénol A (BPA), substance chimique très présente dans les plastiques alimentaires et notamment dans 90 % des biberons a été mis en cause en 2008. Le BPA est soupçonné d'être un perturbateur endocrinien. L'Association médicale américaine a publié en octobre 2008 une étude concluant qu'une hausse de la concentration de BPA dans l'urine augmentait de 39 % les risques de diabète et de maladie cardiovasculaire.

Six grands fabricants de biberons viennent de prendre la décision de ne plus en fabriquer aux États-Unis, mais rien ne précise leur position pour l'exportation. Au Canada, tous les biberons contenant du BPA ont été retirés du marché à titre de précaution. En Europe, l'ASAE estime que les doses de BPA absorbées par les bébés sont trop faibles pour être dangereuses. Certains fabricants de biberons (Dodie ; Avent du groupe Philips) ont décidé en 2008 de fabriquer des biberons sans BPA mais commercialisés plus chers. En France, l'Assemblée nationale a voté le mercredi  l'interdiction du bisphénol A (BPA) pour les biberons. À la fin de 2012, à la suite d'un rapport de l'Anses sur la toxicité du BPA, elle a voté une proposition de loi interdisant le Bisphénol A dans tous les contenants alimentaires destinés aux bébés dès 2013 et début 2015 pour les autres : boîtes de conserve, emballages plastique, canettes. Les médecins de l'Association Santé Environnement France se mobilisent depuis longtemps pour sensibiliser aux dangers du bisphénol A. Le  Patrice Halimi, Secrétaire Général de l'ASEF affirmait dans un communiqué de presse :

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie
 L'art d'élever les enfants au biberon, Plon (Paris) 1877
 Abbé Paul Bidault et Docteur Jean Lepart, Étains médicaux et pharmaceutiques, Massin, 1979
 Michel Schonn, Les Potiers d'étain de Chartres, Fontenay-sur-Conie, Alphonse Marré, 1982
 Marie-Claude Delahaye, Tétons et tétines, histoire de l'allaitement, Ed. Trame Way, 1990
 Béatrice Fontanel et Claire d'Harcourt, Épopée des bébés - Une histoire des petits d'hommes, Ed. La Martinière, 1996
 Collectif, Les Biberons du Docteur Dufour, Catalogue de l'exposition, Ed. Musées de Fécamp, 1997
 Marie-Claude Delahaye, Bébés au biberon, Ed. Hoëbeke, 2003
 Cécile Lacharme, La Collection de biberons du professeur Ettore Rossi, Pour une histoire de l'alimentation de l'enfant de l'Antiquité à nos jours, Éd. Fondation Alimentarium, 2004
 Ludovic Clément, Le biberon à travers les âges - Le biberon en France depuis ses origines, Lulu, Lyon, 2010
 Jean-Pierre Deschamps et Denise Bloch, Zoom sur biberons et bouillies, un autre regard sur l'alimentation des tout-petits, Éditions Associations d'idées, Nancy, 2010

Articles connexes
 Allaitement
 Allergie alimentaire
 Lait artificiel
 Bisphénol A (BPA)

Lieux d'exposition
 Musées des Hôpitaux de l'Assistance Publique, 47 quai de la Tournelle, Paris
 Musée des Hospices Civils de Lyon, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Lyon
 Musée des Arts de l'Enfance, 21 rue Alexandre Legros, Fécamp
 Alimentarium - Musée de l'alimentation, quai Perdonnet, Vevey (Suisse)

Liens externes
 Site : Histoire illustrée du biberon
 Site : collection de biberons sérigraphiés
  Recommandations d'hygiène pour la préparation et la conservation des biberons (dossier de presse de l'AFSAA)
  Recommandations d'hygiène pour la préparation et la conservation des biberons (rapport de l'AFSAA)

Allaitement
Récipient
Petite enfance
Matériel de puériculture

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Look up fashion show sets in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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This how to get tickets to a fashion show page lists articles associated with the title Seo.
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6 AM - 1 -Jack is at home and may have the NoroVirus so that means more of Sean and Vincent talking LUCKY YOU! ; Opening Thoughts. 2 - Early COW; MailBag. 3 - The News with Marshall Phillips. 4 - Trump may have shoved Captain Montenegro.
7 AM - 1 - The health insurance debate continues. 2 - More Katy Perry Versus ISIS. 3 - The News with Marshall Phillips. 4 - Hackers steal and modify documents.
8 AM - 1 - Tainted leaks. 2 - Washington Post food policy reporter Caitlin Dewey on Why Americans Are Eating More Pork Now. 3 - The News with Marshall Phillips. 4 - Marshall strives to do 5 push-ups.
9 AM - 1 - Someone is suing Jelly Belly cuz they didn't know there was sugar in them beans. 2 - Ron Meyer from Red Alert Politics on his piece: "Despite not knowing a darn thing about it, 66% of millennials oppose Trump budget". 3 - The News with Marshall Phillips. 4 - ; Final Thoughts.


Equifax Inc. tumbled in New York trading after saying the hackers that stole data on 143 million U.S. consumers exploited a vulnerability that the company could have fixed two months before it was breached.
The disclosure suggests that Equifax may have been slow to take basic steps to secure its most sensitive data, and will likely add to calls for stronger oversight of an industry whose information in the hands of criminals can enable the worst kinds of identity theft and fraud. The company faces a Federal Trade Commission investigation and calls to testify before Congress.
"The vulnerability was Apache Struts CVE-2017-5638," Equifax said in a frequently-asked-questions section of a website it set up to help people affected. The Apache Software Foundation, which oversees the open-source software, had issued a patch for the flaw in March. Equifax said it discovered the breach on July 29 and that it had been occurring since mid-May.
Equifax fell 4.7 percent to $94.34 at 10:38 a.m. in New York. The stock has dropped 34 percent since the company announced last week that hackers accessed sensitive data including Social Security numbers. That's the worst four-day decline in the company's history. Shares of rival Experian Plc, which trade in London, dropped as much as 6.4 percent on Thursday.
The FTC said it's investigating Equifax's breach on Thursday. The agency typically doesn't comment on ongoing investigations, but confirmed the inquiry in light of "intense public interest and the potential impact of this matter," spokesman Peter Kaplan said in an emailed statement.
The Apache software is widely used by companies to help build websites. The two-month gap between when the patch was issued and when the attackers breached Equifax's network was a particularly dangerous time, as hackers began immediately exploiting the flaw on websites that didn't apply the fix, according to technology website Ars Technica.
"The Equifax data compromise was due to their failure to install the security updates provided in a timely manner," the Apache Software Foundation said Thursday in a statement on its website.
But security professionals say many companies take weeks or even months to apply software patches, as applications need to be tested to ensure the updates don't break existing code. Apache Struts software is especially time-consuming to update because each application needs to be fixed individually. But a delay of several months to remove a high-priority vulnerability is generally considered a dangerous security practice.
"If this is indeed a capital offense, then I'd say that the majority of organizations are guilty," said Rick Holland, vice president of strategy at Digital Shadows, a cyber-intelligence firm with offices in London and San Francisco. "It is easy to Monday-morning quarterback and say, 'Why didn't you patch?' The pragmatic reality for many organizations is that patching doesn't occur as quickly as one would like."
The bigger question to many cyber-security experts is why some of Equifax's crown jewels were accessible essentially from the open internet, a question that Equifax has not addressed. The company hasn't specified when it sought to patch the flaw, or what other mechanisms the attackers used once inside the network to access the consumer data.
The vulnerability was a critical weakness for many large websites that were built using the software. In announcing the incident on Sept. 7, Equifax initially blamed a "website application" that it didn't identify.
Rene Gielen, vice president at the Apache Software Foundation, said in an email Thursday that the group doesn't have reliable information on how long it takes companies to apply patches for vulnerabilities. While firms usually act within hours or days after an announcement, some companies don't patch for years, he said.


Let's face it, competition is fierce in the hair, health and beauty industry. Walk down pretty much any high street and there will probably be 3 or more beauty or hair salons within just a few minutes walk.
For this reason many salon owners have found themselves in a world of special offers to entice customers to their business. Many of these offers involve discounts to bring the customer in. It has become the norm, but why?
Presumably at some point you decided on your prices, calculated them based on cost to deliver, compared them against local competition, decided they were fair and created your price list. So why throw all that out the window and provide your services for less than you originally calculated as be fair? Now those prices are unfair . . . to YOU!
One reason that discounts are so attractive to a salon owner as well as a customer is that they are simple. They are easy to understand, easy to manage and easy to apply. But they cost you REAL money! You are getting paid less for delivering the same thing.
What if there were a way to give your customers a special offer that didn't directly involve a discount? Even better, what if there was a way to create a special offer that actually meant your customers spent MORE money with you!
Here are 10 Special Offer Ideas that should make your more money, but still give your customers a better deal!
1. Add value rather than reducing the price price – the power of the mini treatment!
We all like to get a little more than we expected. In fact research indicates time and time again that we are far more motivated by experiential rewards than by a simple monetary saving. So rather than simply charging your clients less, why not give them more!
A small bonus treatment or an upgrade are perceived as luxury experiences and valued far more highly in the mind of a customer than a discount. The idea of course is that you offer the add on Treatment or upgrade for nothing this time, this makes the client feel truly valued and the next time they come to you they will book the upgrade or add on themselves and pay full price for it.
A real life example . .
I went to my normal hair salon about a year ago and just as I sat down my stylist asked me if I would like a complimentary 10 minute head massage halfway though my appointment. I said yes obviously, who wouldn't! Now whenever I go back, if there is availability, they always ask me if I would like a 10, 15 or 20 minute head massage. I know it is going to cost me a little bit more . . . but I always say yes (and usually to the 20 minute one).
The above quote is absolutely true and while there is nothing nicer than receiving an completely unsolicited referral, there is nothing wrong with helping your clients out by giving them a little nudge to recommend you to one of their friends or family. Remember that these types new clients often turn in to the most loyal repeat clients you could have.
Why not create yourself some referral cards like Eve Salon & Beauty Bar have above. These are business card sized cards that you can personalise and give to your clients to give to their friends and family. You can leave a space for your client to write in their friends name so it really is a personalised referral and feels truly special – almost like a gift.
If you really want to turn this up a notch, then combine the referral card with an offer such as that in Point 1 above for an upgrade or add on at not cost for the referrer and referee and watch your referrals go through the roof!
3 for 2 offers are everywhere! Supermarkets rely on them to boost revenue and you can hardly move in health and beauty retailers Boots and Superdrug for them, so why not embrace the 3 for 2 deal.
Is it a discount? Well technically yes, but the point is that your client is having to spend more to get the discount. If you simply offer a discount on one treatment or one product then the client may have purchased that treatment or product anyway and they are simply getting it for less. This way they are having to spend twice as much or more to get the offer.
Tip: If your offer allows you to buy 3 different treatments or products, make sure it is clear that the "free" item will be the lowest priced item to protect your margins.
4. Sunday, Monday . . . Happy Days!
Ever wondered where the idea of Happy Hour came from? It is generally the quieter time for restaurants and bars, the time where people leave work to head home. However, clever bar owners put on offers to entice people in to their establishment for a few drinks on their way home in the hope that they will stay on for a few more drinks and maybe some food once the first one or two cheap drinks have kicked in!
Chances are that like most salons you have a day of the week where you are quieter than other days. So why not make this your Happy Day? Now I am not suggesting you give out free alcohol, then again this might work, but you could turn this in to your most popular day by creating a buzz using your social media accounts.
Whatever day (or half day) you chose, spread the word that if you book on that day you will get a special gift. This might be an upgrade, a take home pack of products (which might just be a pre-packed jar of samples) or indeed a free glass of bubbly (check your local licensing laws).
Whatever you decide, make sure people know that simply for booking on that particular day they are going to be getting that little something extra.
Get your customers to spend a little more, but get a lot more for their money. I work closely with a number of Day Spas and its always impressive to see just what proportion of their revenue comes from Day Packages.
In a Day Spa these packages are essentially add value to a treatment offering by including use of facilities (pool, sauna, steam room), access to a thermal area or possibly a meal in their cafe or restaurant?
Salons can do the same thing too. Depending on your facilities you might not be able to offer access to a thermal area or a meal, but why not create a package of treatments or services, add as much value in there as possible and then promote that package in your salon, on your website, Facebook page, twitter etc.
Tip: Make if fun and keep it fresh by offering a package based on a certain celebrity each month. This might include a hair appointment to match that celebs style, a makeover or a spray tan? Maybe also add in a healthy smoothie if the celeb is known for being in to a healthy lifestyle or back to that glass of bubbly if they like a drink!
Building on the idea of getting a customer to spend a little more to get a lot more you could implement a simple card based loyalty scheme. Each time a client has a treatment they get a simple stamp or signature on their 'Loyalty Card'. If they get 10 stamps (or 5 or 15 or 20) then they can have their next treatment for free.
This offer takes a bit longer for the client to get their bonus, but it is simple and a great way to build client loyalty, keep clients coming back and spending their money with you.
I love this idea . . . the simple power of suggestion can have huge benefits for your business and it is all about how you ask a question.
You probably already ask each client upon paying for their treatment or service whether they would like to book in for their next appointment. Chances are that around 50% of clients say yes. However, instead of just saying 'would you like to book in for your next visit?' or something similar, try saying 'can I book you in for your next aromatherapy facial in 2 weeks time on the 20th at 3pm?' That simple change in language creates an image in your clients mind of them having that treatment and immediately they start to feel all the associated positive feelings that go along with it. That image in their mind is much harder to say 'no' to than a vague idea of booking another appointment at some unspecified point in the future.
Let's call this idea of planting a particular idea in to your customers mind 'specificity' i.e. being specific about what they are booking rather than just keeping it vague.
So don't offer a discount to get your client to book in again . . . just apply a bit of specificity to your questions and watch your rebooking go through the roof!
Similar to the simple loyalty scheme card from Point 7, but with a bit of a twist. Rather than letting your client choose whatever treatment they want and giving them a stamp for every treatment, the treatment bingo card has a predefined list of treatments on it that your client need to complete to get their reward.
Now . . you are going to be asking your clients to have treatments they may not necessarily have chosen for themselves here so the reward might have to be a bit more special. But not only will this get your clients spending more, but it will also mean that they try out treatments that they may never have had before or may normally have somewhere else. They may just find their new favourite treatment or their new favourite therapist and keep coming back for more and more.
Perception! That is what we are dealing with in most of the ideas here, but none so more than when it comes to points based loyalty schemes.
You are probably already a member of at least one points based loyalty scheme of some type. Most supermarkets have them with Nectar probably being the best known in the UK. Boots Advantage Points are also another common scheme here in the UK. In the US big chains such as Smith's, Kroger and Safeway use points based loyalty schemes and of course everyone has heard of AirMiles.
The basic premise here is that you earn points for money you spend on items you buy. Those points can then be redeemed in some way as a reward in the future. Now this is probably the most involved idea here and might be tricky to manage without some sort of software solution in place . . . but most specialised salon or spa systems can cope with this this days.
I was in a supermarket and I spotted a "Special Offer" sign over the bananas "Today Only – Bonus 200 Points per Bunch of Bananas". Now I like bananas as much as the next person, perhaps not as much as my toddler who thinks she's a monkey, but I wanted those points . . . 200 points just for buying some bananas . . . awesome! I bought 3 bunches!!
Now those 200 points were actually worth approximately 40p (about 60 cents) at some point in the future, but did I see that? No! I just saw lots of points. Would I have bought 3 bunches of bananas if the sign simply said "Special Offer – 40p Off Bananas Today?" Probably not.
(2) It costs you absolutely nothing right now; the customer must buy more things to earn more points to receive their reward.
Bonus: Only around 40% of clients ever actually redeem points they accumulate in a loyalty scheme. While this shouldn't be your goal, it is important to remember that by using a points based loyalty scheme like this, for 3 out of every 5 customers you have, it may ultimately never cost you a penny.
Hopefully all your customers enjoy their time in your salon whether it be time with a stylist, massage therapist or nail technician. The problem is that it is over all too soon!
Why not allow your clients to continue their salon visit at home with a take home gift. This could be a luxurious home conditioning product, some relaxing bath products, body creme or nail colour. Give your clients a free gift and when they use that product at home they will be reminded of their salon visit and that little reminder in their head will go off . . . I must book my next appointment at my favourite salon.
Thanks Farisha . . . hope you are getting some great value!
Great article and very informative. If you offer they always keep coming back for your service even though if you are not giving them a discount.
Thank you so much for this. I really enjoyed reading it and found it very helpful! I will be using some of these tips!


This is not a pie for anyone who can not stand a little bit a tartness. This pie has a tendency to make people pucker up. For the extra sourpusses at the table the pie can be served with extra lemon sauce! You could use the leftover egg whites to make a meringue but the pie is best without the meringue.
Squeeze the lemons to produce juice. Place the lemon juice in the top portion of a double boiler. Place the bottom portion of the double boiler containing water on your heat source. Allow the water to boil gently. Stir the sugar into the lemon juice. Add a bit more sugar if you do not desire a tart pie. Beat the egg yolks into the lemon juice mixture.
Put the double boiler together and add 5 cups of boiling water to the pan. Cook the mixture for 10 to 15 minutes stirring constantly. In a separate bowl dissolve the cornstarch in a small amount of cold water. Add the cornstarch mixture to the double boiler and keep the mixture boiling until thick. Depending on the size of your lemons you may need to dissolve an additional amount of cornstarch in cold water and add to the mixture to achieve the desired consistency.
Stir the butter into the mixture and remove from the heat source. When the mixture is cool divide the mixture in half and place into 2 cooked pie shells.
from the Ener-G Egg Replacer box.
In double boiler, combine egg replacer, sugar and salt. Stir with until thoroughly blended. Add water, lemon juice and lemon rind. Continue stirring until smooth and thick. When dropped from spatula, pie filling should mound. Remove from heat. Stir for 5 minutes to cool. Pour into pie shell. Let cool thoroughly. Refrigerate at least 2 hours before serving.
* This is a product made of potato starch and calcium carbonate, mainly. You can probably substitute corn starch or arrow root starch in quantity to equal two eggs.


JPMorgan Chase, New York. The primary source of repayment is the government of the Dominican Republic.
The board has also approved a final commitment for a US$45.3mn long-term guarantee supporting the US$50mn export by Trigeant Ltd of asphalt for roadway development and maintenance in the DomRep. The guaranteed lender is Mellon Financial Corp, Pittsburgh. The primary source of repayment is the government of the Dominican Republic.