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Би́тва за Британію (, ) — бомбові та ракетні нальоти Люфтваффе на міста Великої Британії та бої за домінування у повітряному просторі Великої Британії, між Люфтваффе Німеччини та Королівськими Повітряними Силами (КПС) Великої Британії. Назва пішла від промови Вінстона Черчиля 18 червня 1940 року:Битва за Францію закінчилася. Я очікую, що битва за Британію ось-ось почнеться.Відразу ж після битви і очікуваної перемоги Люфтваффе, Гітлер планував розпочати операцію «Морський Лев», в ході якої німецький десант висадився б на територію Великої Британії. Цим німецьке командування хотіло поставити на коліна Британію, змусивши її підписати мирний договір, однак у битві за Британію Люфтваффе зазнав поразки. Деякі історики вважають, що Гітлер програв битву через те, що відтягнув ескадрильї Люфтваффе на схід, для підготовки вторгнення у СРСР. Інші, такі як Дерек Робінсон, не погоджуються з тим, що у Битві за Британію у Німеччини був шанс перемогти; сили КПС Великої Британії значно переважали Люфтваффе, тому битва для Німеччини була програна ще до її початку.

Британські історики датують перебіг битви від 10 липня до 31 жовтня 1940, бо саме в цей період відбувалися найжорстокіші сутички у небі та бомбардування промислової та цивільної інфраструктури. Німецькі історики датують подію від середини серпня 1940 аж до 31 травня 1941 року, аргументуючи це тим, що саме в кінці травня основні сили Люфтваффе були переправлені на схід, для здійснення Операції «Барбаросса».

Передісторія
Велика Британія була першою країною, яка оголосила війну Третьому Рейху. Локальна польсько-німецька війна фактично дала старт нової світової війни. У Франції, біля укріпленої лінії Мажино, розташувалася франко-британська армія, а біля лінії Зігфріда сконцентрувалася німецька армія. Але військові дії обмежувалися лише приватними операціями на морі. На суходолі активних боїв не було аж сім місяців. Цей період війни увійшов в історію як Дивна війна.

30 листопада 1939 року Радянський союз розпочав військову агресію проти Фінляндії. Велика Британія домагалася від Норвегії і Швеції дозволу на відправку експедиційного корпусу на допомогу Фінляндії. Але закінчення Зимової війни 12 березня 1940 поклало край цим планам.

У квітні 1940 року вермахт вдерся до Данії та Норвегії. 10 травня 1940 року нацисти почали захоплювати країни Західної Європи. Довше всіх протрималася Франція. Вона капітулювала 22 червня 1940 року. Капітуляція Франції в червні 1940 р. залишила Велику Британію наодинці з Німеччиною, яка володіла ресурсами всієї Європи, а також отримувала щедре постачання із СРСР.

Після евакуації британських військ з Дюнкерка (Операція «Динамо»), і капітуляції Франції 22 червня 1940 року, Гітлер вірив, що Велику Британію переможено, і Німеччина є хазяїном у Європі. Однак у Британії залишалися люди, що негативно ставились до підписання миру із Німеччиною. Серед них був щойно обраний прем'єр-міністр Вінстон Черчилль. Завзяття та ораторські навички Черчилля переконали народ Великої Британії відмовитись від ідеї підписання мирного договору із Третім Рейхом і готуватися до тривалої війни.

Німецькі плани щодо окупації Британії
16 липня, плануючи закінчити війну на заході, Гітлер наказав підготувати план вторгнення до Великої Британії. Гітлер сподівався налякати цивільне населення у Британії, щоб у такий спосіб вивести її з війни. Перед цим, 16 липня, грос-адмірал Редер доповів Гітлерові, що вторгнення до Великої Британії можливе тільки за умови повного контролю повітряного простору між Німеччиною і Великою Британією та із сильним флотом. Німецький флот значно постраждав під час війни з Норвегією, у той час як Британський флот мав багато нових кораблів, готових до бою. Очевидною була неможливість того, що німецькі війська зможуть висадитись на березі Великої Британії без значних втрат. Єдиною альтернативою для протидії британському флоту були бомбардувальники Люфтваффе, однак для їх ефективної дії був потрібен контроль над повітряним простором Великої Британії.

1 серпня була видана директива про ведення «повітряної і морської війни проти Англії». Вони, без вторгнення сухопутних військ, повинні були перемогти Англію.

Після окупації Британія та Ірландія мали бути розділені на шість військово-економічних командувань з штаб-квартирами в Бірмінгемі, Ґлазґо, Дубліні, Ліверпулі, Лондоні та Ньюкаслі. Головною штаб-квартирою німецької окупаційної адміністрації Гітлер обрав спадковий маєток герцогів Мальборо палац Бленем.

Нацисти складали списки осіб та організацій у Британії, які становили б для них небезпеку в разі захоплення країни. Усього в цих списках гестапо фігурувало 2300 осіб та 400 організацій. Окрім євреїв (450 тисяч осіб) як головної мішені нацистів, були ще квакери, біженці-антифашисти з Іспанії часів громадянської війни 1936—1939 років, банкіри з фонду «United Dominions Trust», бригадний генерал Едвард Спірс (противник політики умиротворення Гітлера, а під час битви за Францію травня—червня 1940 року — особистий представник Черчилля при французькому прем'єр-міністрі Рейно), Британська асоціація інженерів, противники нацизму, що втекли з Німеччини. За німецькими планами все чоловіче населення Британії віком 17—45 років мало бути інтерноване та відправлене до концтаборів. В умовах 1940 року, коли все населення Великої Британії було 48 мільйонів, це означало, що потрібно було депортувати 11 мільйонів осіб.

Озброєння

Бомбардувальники

Основними бомбардувальниками Люфтваффе були Heinkel He 111, Dornier Do 17 і Junkers Ju 88 (для бомбардування з середніх і малих висот), і Junkers Ju 87 «Штука» для бомбардування з пікірування. У більшості випадків використовувалися He 111. Для висотних бомбардувальників існували також розвідувальні версії.

«Штуки» виявилися найменш успішними на британському театрі воєнних дій: через низьку швидкість і недостатню маневреність вони ставали легкою ціллю британських винищувачів. До того ж, запас пального у Ju-87 був недостатнім. Після серії втрат, ескадрильї «Штук» було майже повністю знято з завдань бомбардування Британії. Деякий час вони використовувалися для бомбардування морських цілей, а у 1941-му їх перекинули на східний фронт.

Інші три машини відрізнялися своїми характеристиками. Heinkel 111 був найповільнішим, Ju 88 — найшвидшим, але тільки після скидання бомбового навантаження (що було закріплене переважно на зовнішніх підвісах). Do 17 ніс найменше бомб. Всі три типи бомбардувальників зазнали важких втрат від британських винищувачів, але найбільше постраждали групи Ju 88. Загалом німецькі бомбові сили потребували постійної підтримки з боку винищувачів, які, втім, часто не надавалися у достатніх кількостях. Головним типом супровідного літака був Messerschmitt Bf 109.

На боці Третього Рейху в битві брав участь італійський повітряний корпус. Він був сформований 10 вересня 1940 року і базувався в окупованій Бельгії. У нього входили: 13-а і 43-я ескадрилья, озброєні, в цілому, 74 двомоторними бомбардувальниками Fiat BR.20М, і 172-га розвідувальна ескадрилья з п'ятьма літаками CANT Z.1007bis.

З боку Британії для бомбардувальних польотів (в основному нічних, для таких цілей як заводи, порти і залізничні вузли) використовувалися три типи бомбардувальників:
Armstrong Whitworth Whitley, Handley-Page Hampden і Vickers Wellington. Ці літаки за класифікацією RAF були важкими бомбардувальниками, хоча Hampden був радше середнім бомбардувальником, порівняним з He 111. Двомоторний Bristol Blenheim і одномоторний Fairey Battle, що вже застарів, були легкими бомбардувальниками; У RAF Bomber Command літаки Blenheim були найбільш чисельними і виконували польоти для атак кораблів, портів, аеродромів і заводів на континенті вдень і вночі.
Ескадрильї Fairey Battle, які зазнали важких втрат у денних боях під час битви за Францію, поповнили резервними машинами, і вони продовжили виконувати завдання (переважно нічні) нальотів на порти, аж до жовтня 1940 року, коли Battle було врешті відкликано з фронту.

Хід битви
Днем початку битви за Британію вважається 10 липня 1940 року, коли розпочалися перші авіанальоти на територію Англії. На цьому етапі німецькі ВПС в основному здійснювали розвідку боєм, перевіряючи на міцність оборону противника. Метою німецьких атак стали англійські конвої в Ла-Манші, які перевозили життєво необхідну для британської економіки сировину. Атакам винищувачів Люфтваффе піддавалися також і різні військові та промислові об'єкти на південно-східному узбережжі Англії. Таким чином, Німеччина шукала слабкі місця в британській обороні і в той же час без особливого ризику для себе тримала уряд Великої Британії в постійній напрузі.

Хід активної фази битви за Британію можна на виділити на кілька етапів. Перший почався з 13 серпня і тривав до 7 вересня. 13 серпня в Німеччині було оголошено «Орлиним днем». Саме в цей день військово-повітряні сили Німеччини почали наносити масові удари безпосередньо по англійській винищувальної авіації, по аеродромах, командних пунктах і радіолокаційним станціям, однак перекладена ще в 1939 році на військові рейки промисловість, навіть в найгірший для Королівських ВПС час — з середини серпня до середини вересня 1940 року — змогла випустити літаків більше, ніж було збито німцями.

Другий етап битви почався 7 вересня 1940 року, коли Люфтваффе завдали бомбового удару по Лондону. Після цього німецькі бомбардувальники стали регулярно з'являтися над містом. Особливо сильним був наліт 15 вересня, коли німецьке командування послало на Лондон понад 1000 літаків. Над містом розігралася повітряна битва, в якому англійська винищувальна авіація і зенітна артилерія чинили агресору запеклий опір. Ворог втратив 60 літаків, а англійці — 26. Після 15 вересня напруженість повітряних боїв над Лондоном і в цілому над Англією стала дещо спадати.

26 серпня 1940 року англійці здійснили перший авіанальот на Берлін. На північно-західну частину міста було скинуто 22 тони бомб, загинули 12 осіб, також були завдані серйозні руйнування. До кінця 1940 року загальний урон від англійських нальотів коштував Берліну приблизно 200 убитих і до 1800 зруйнованих будівель.

Переконлива перемога 15 вересня у масштабній битві в небі Лондона, коли силами 630 винищувачів була відбита атака майже удвічі більшого німецького повітряного флоту, змусила Берлін вчергове відкласти початок операції «Морський лев» (як виявилось, назавжди) і з погіршенням погоди інтенсивність авіанальотів на британську столицю пішла на спад, а їх акцент змістився на промислові центри і портові міста Бірмінгем, Ковентрі, Саутгемптон, Ліверпуль, Белфаст, Глазго, Брістоль, Ньюкасл, Плімут, Кардіфф, Манчестер, Шеффілд, Суонсі, Портсмут і Ейвонмут. Особливо дуже сильно постраждав Ковентрі. 14 листопада він пережив найруйнівніше бомбардування. На місто впало 56 тонн запалювальних бомб, 394 тонни фугасних бомб і 127 парашутних мін, було зруйновано сім важливих військових підприємств, пошкоджено 12 авіаційних заводів, згоріло 60 тисяч із 75 тисяч будівель, загинуло 568 чоловік, а 865 було поранено.

До 3 листопада Лондон пережив 57 нічних бомбардувань силами у середньому 200 німецьких та італійських літаків, що піднімались з летовищ Бельгії і скидали на місто тони авіаційних і запалювальних бомб.

Найруйнівніша атака на Лондон була здійснена надвечір 29 грудня 1940 року, коли 136 німецьких бомбардувальників скинули на місто кілька десятків тисяч запалювальних бомб. У масштабних пожежах загинуло 160 чоловік, ще біля 260 було поранено. Підхоплений вітром вогонь, який не вдалось вчасно локалізувати через відплив у Темзі, спустошив історичний центр міста, зруйнувавши численні історичні пам'ятки XV—XVII століття й вісім церков, збудованих Крістофером Реном; сильно постраждали, але вціліли, собор св. Павла, Вестмінстерське абатство, Букінгемський палац і Палата представників.

Хоча англійська історіографія вважає, що Битва за Британію тривала з липня по жовтень 1940 року, проте сильні бої в англійському небі відбувалися аж до кінця травня 1941 року. А 6 червня 1941 року Лондон пережив останній авіаналіт. Так і не досягнувши успіху у Битві за Британію, основні сили Люфтваффе були переправлені на схід, де Німеччина невдовзі почала війну з Радянським Союзом.

Всього німецька авіація здійснила понад 46 тисяч польотів і скинула близько 60 тисяч тон бомб, втративши при цьому 1 733 літака. Англійці втратили 1547 літаків.

Битва за Британію стала ключовим боєм в ході Другої світової війни для Великої Британії і розвіяла непереможність Гітлера. Поряд з британськими льотчиками, в битві брали участь військові з Польщі, Чехословаччини, Австралії, Канади, Нової Зеландії, США, Бельгії, Франції, Ірландії. Найбільша кількість повітряних перемог під час Битви (17) належить чехові Йозефу Франтішеку. Здійснивши втечу із Чехословаччини після її захоплення Третім Рейхом, він воював у складі польських ВВС, потім, після розділу Польщі, приєднався до французів і влітку 1940 року записався до Першої польської ескадрильї британських ВВС. Франтішек загинув у жовтні 1940 року. У цій битві відзначився й Дуглас Байдер — знаменитий безногий льотчик-ас, який до попадання до німецького полону здобув до осені 1941 року 23 перемоги, був збитий над Францією. Німці були просто шоковані тим, що льотчик з протезами замість ніг міг керувати Спитфайром, і, зв'язавшись з королівськими ВВС, організували доставку нових протезів Байдеру.

Наслідки
Першим політичним наслідком успіху Англії став фактичний провал військово-політичного союзу між Третім Рейхом і СРСР. 12 листопада 1940 в Берлін приїхав нарком закордонних справ СРСР В'ячеслав Молотов з метою обговорення умов приєднання СРСР до Троїстого пакту. Характерно, що в цей день англійська авіація бомбила столицю Рейху. Гітлер після цього твердо вирішив повернути на схід і воювати з СРСР.

Битва за Британію дуже зумовила різкі зміни в громадській думці американців щодо очікуваних результатів війни в Європі. Якщо, до битви багато американців слідом за Джозефом Кеннеді, який в той час був послом США у Великій Британії, вважали, що Британія не протримаєтьтся, і її поразка — питання декількох тижнів або місяців, то під час битви кількість прихильників політики ізоляціонізму невпинно зменшувалась. Президент Рузвельт також прийняв точку зору свого емісара Білла Донована, який відвідав Велику Британію в період битви і переконав президента в необхідності надання традиційному союзнику всебічної підтримки. 2 вересня 1940 року було підписано англо-американську угоду, за якою в обмін на орендовані для створення військових баз британські території Сполучені Штати передали Англії 50 есмінців. І нарешті, 11 березня 1941 Конгрес прийняв закон про ленд-ліз, що дозволяв надавати озброєння Британії на умовах оренди.

Цікаво, що під час битви, заступник Гітлера, рейхсміністр без портфеля, член міністерської ради оборони Німецької імперії, член таємної німецької ради кабінету міністрів і лідер нацистської партії Рудольф Гесс таємно вилетів із Німеччини і приземлився на парашуті поблизу помістя герцога Гамільтонського в Шотландії. Він прагнув вступити в переговори з королівською родиною і укласти мир з Британією. Але англійський уряд не пішов на контакт. Він був ув'язнений, а після завершення війни був переданий Нюрнберзькому трибуналу, яким був засуджений до довічного ув'язнення. У 1987 році Гесс повісився у власній камері тюрми Шпандау.

Бомбардування Лондона після битви
Нових ударів Лондон зазнав 13 червня 1944 року, коли по ній були випущені перші ракети «Фау-1». 8 вересня місто зазнало обстрілу ракетами «Фау-2», від яких загинуло 2754 цивільних і ще 6523 було поранено. До 29 березня наступного року Лондона досягло 2419 німецьких ракет, від яких загалом загинуло 6184 чоловік і 17 981 було поранено.

Пам'ять
15 вересня в Великій Британії відзначається «День битви за Британію». На думку англійців, втрати, понесені німецькими ВПС в цей день в 1940 році, змусили німецьке командування визнати неможливість зламати оборону Британських островів і моральний дух британців.
В СРСР (а потім і в РФ) прийнято стверджувати, що, саме СРСР належить вирішальна роль у Другій світовій війні, який мало не поодинці розбив німців, «поки англосакси відсиджувалися на острові». Насправді англійці не «відсиджувалися», вони билися проти Рейху в ті роки, коли Сталін де-факто був союзником Гітлера. Поки СРСР разом з Рейхом окупував Польщу і влаштовував радянсько-нацистські паради, проводив в тил англійцям нацистський рейдер «Комет» Північним морським шляхом, постачав Рейху нафту, зерно, кольорові метали, каучук, без чого не змогла б функціонувати військова машина Німеччини. Незважаючи на те, що англійцям доводилося боротися практично поодинці проти цієї машини, вони вистояли. І навіть змогли виграти повітряну «битву за Британію», що стало перемолмним моментов в війни.

Див. також
 Роберт Ватсон-Ватт
 Система Давдинґа

Примітки

Література
 А. Галушка, Є. Брайлян. Змова диктаторів: Поділ Європи між Гітлером і Сталіним, 1939—1941. — Харків: Клуб сімейного дозвілля, 2018. — 368 с.
 Бомбардировки Берлина с 1940 по 1945 г.г.
 Addison, Paul and Jeremy Crang. The Burning Blue: A New History of the Battle of Britain. London: Pimlico, 2000. .
 Bergström, Christer. Barbarossa — The Air Battle: July–December 1941. London: Chevron/Ian Allan, 2007. .
 Bergström, Christer. The Battle of Britain — An Epic Battle Revisited. Eskilstuna: Vaktel Books/Casemate, 2010. .
 Bishop, Patrick. Fighter Boys: The Battle of Britain, 1940. New York: Viking, 2003 (hardcover, ); Penguin Books, 2004. . As Fighter Boys: Saving Britain 1940. London: Harper Perennial, 2004. .
 Brittain, Vera. England's Hour. London: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2005 (paperback, ); Obscure Press (paperback, ).
 .

 Stacey, C P. (1970) Arms, Men and Governments: The War Policies of Canada, 1939—1945  Queen's Printer, Ottawa (Downloadable PDF)

 Terraine, John, A Time for Courage: The Royal Air Force in the European War, 1939—1945. London: Macmillan, 1985. .

Операції і битви Другої світової війни
Битви Великої Британії в Другій світовій війні
Битви Німеччини в Другій світовій війні
Події 10 липня
Битви 1940


text:
Le stade Alberto-Picco est localisé dans la ville de La Spezia en Italie. Il accueille les matchs du Spezia 1906 Calcio.

Sa capacité atteint les 10 000 spectateurs.

Galerie

Liens externes
 Vue aérienne du stade Alberto-Picco sur Google.maps

Alberto Picco
Alberto Picco
Alberto Picco
Sport à La Spezia
Spezia Calcio

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Tantra is a range of esoteric traditions that began to arise in India no later than the 5th century CE.[180][note 17] George Samuel states, "Tantra" is a contested term, but may be considered as a school whose practices appeared in mostly complete form in Buddhist and Hindu texts by about 10th century CE.[182] Tantric texts include yogic techniques, as well as complex rituals, the use of mantras, devotion towards particular deities and various other practices. Tantric yoga developed complex visualizations which included meditation on the body as a microcosm of the cosmos. They included also the use of mantras, pranayama, and the manipulation of the subtle body, including its nadis and cakras. One of the most popular models of the Hindu tantric body is that of the Kubjikamata tantra (10th century), in which six power centers or cakras of the subtle body as seen as six forms of the goddess Kubjika and her consort. This tantra also contains a teaching on the goddess Kundalini, which resides at the base of the spine and through certain visualization exercises may be made to rise up through the central channel to the crown of the head where she is united with Siva. These teachings on cakras and Kundalini would become central to later forms of Indian Yoga.[183]
The first known appearance of the word "yoga", with the same meaning as the modern term, is in the Katha Upanishad,[10][95] probably composed between the fifth and third century BCE,[96][97] where it is defined as the steady control of the senses, which along with cessation of mental activity, leading to a supreme state.[67][note 13] Katha Upanishad integrates the monism of early Upanishads with concepts of samkhya and yoga. It defines various levels of existence according to their proximity to the innermost being Ātman. Yoga is therefore seen as a process of interiorization or ascent of consciousness.[99][100] It is the earliest literary work that highlights the fundamentals of yoga. White states:
Focusing more on lifestyle issues and their relationships with functional health, data from the Alameda County Study suggested that people can improve their health via exercise, enough sleep, maintaining a healthy body weight, limiting alcohol use, and avoiding smoking.[27] Health and illness can co-exist, as even people with multiple chronic diseases or terminal illnesses can consider themselves healthy.[28]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Payne, C; Wiffen, PJ; Martin, S (18 January 2012). Payne, Cathy (ed.). "Interventions for fatigue and weight loss in adults with advanced progressive illness". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1: CD008427. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008427.pub2. PMID 22258985. (Retracted, see doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008427.pub3. If this is an intentional citation to a retracted paper, please replace {{Retracted}} with {{Retracted|intentional=yes}}.)
The practice of awakening the coiled energy in the body is sometimes specifically called Kundalini yoga. It is based on Indian theories of the subtle body and uses various pranayamas (breath techniques) and mudras (bodily techniques) to awaken the energy known as kundalini (the coiled one) or shakti. In various Shaiva and Shakta traditions of yoga and tantra, yogic techniques or yuktis are used to unite kundalini-shakti, the divine conscious force or energy, with Shiva, universal consciousness.[278] A common way of teaching this method is to awaken the kundalini residing at the lowest chakra and to guide it through the central channel to unite with the absolute consciousness at the highest chakra (in the top of the head).[279]
Another text which teaches yoga with an Advaita point of view is the Yoga-Yājñavalkya.[262] This work contains extensive teachings on ten Yamas (ethical rules) and ten Niyamas (duties), and eight asanas. It also discusses a theory of nadis and prana (vital breath), and follows this with instructions on pranayama (breath control), pratyahara (sense withdrawal), meditation on mantras, meditative visualizations and Kundalini.
Equipment required? No. You don't need any equipment because you'll rely on your own body weight for resistance. But you'll probably want to use a yoga mat to keep you from sliding around in standing poses, and to cushion you while in seated and lying positions. Other, optional equipment includes a yoga ball for balance, a yoga block or two, and straps to help you reach for your feet or link your hands behind your back.
According to Zimmer, Yoga philosophy is reckoned to be part of the non-Vedic system, which also includes the Samkhya school of Hindu philosophy, Jainism and Buddhism:[46] "[Jainism] does not derive from Brahman-Aryan sources, but reflects the cosmology and anthropology of a much older pre-Aryan upper class of northeastern India [Bihar] – being rooted in the same subsoil of archaic metaphysical speculation as Yoga, Sankhya, and Buddhism, the other non-Vedic Indian systems."[61][note 6]
In natural contests, the testing protocol ranges among organizations from lie detectors to urinalysis. Penalties also range from organization to organization from suspensions to strict bans from competition. It is also important to note that natural organizations also have their own list of banned substances and it is important to refer to each organization's website for more information about which substances are banned from competition. There are many natural bodybuilding organizations; some of the larger ones include: MuscleMania, Ultimate Fitness Events (UFE), INBF/WNBF, and INBA/PNBA. These organizations either have an American or worldwide presence and are not limited to the country in which they are headquartered.
These meditations were seen as being supported by the other elements of the eightfold path, such as the practice of ethics, right exertion, sense restraint and right view.[244] Two mental qualities are said to be indispensable for yogic practice in Buddhism, samatha (calm, stability) and vipassanā (insight, clear seeing).[245] Samatha is the quality of a stable, relaxed and calm mind. It is also associated with samadhi (mental unification, focus) and dhyana (a state of meditative absorption). Vipassanā meanwhile, is a kind of insight or penetrative understanding into the true nature of phenomena. It is also defined as "seeing things as they truly are" (yathābhūtaṃ darśanam). The true nature of things is defined and explained in different ways, but an important and unique feature of classical Buddhism is its understanding of all phenomena (dhammas) as being empty of a self (atman) or inherent essence, a doctrine termed Anatta ("not-self") and Śūnyatā (emptiness).[246][247] This is in sharp contrast with most other Indian traditions, whose goals are founded either on the idea of an individual soul (atman, jiva, purusha) or a universal monistic consciousness ( Brahman). Vipassanā also requires an understanding of suffering or dukkha (and thus the four noble truths), impermanence (anicca) and interdependent origination.
Just as there was a shift from viewing disease as a state to thinking of it as a process, the same shift happened in definitions of health. Again, the WHO played a leading role when it fostered the development of the health promotion movement in the 1980s. This brought in a new conception of health, not as a state, but in dynamic terms of resiliency, in other words, as "a resource for living". 1984 WHO revised the definition of health defined it as "the extent to which an individual or group is able to realize aspirations and satisfy needs and to change or cope with the environment. Health is a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living; it is a positive concept, emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities".[10] Thus, health referred to the ability to maintain homeostasis and recover from insults. Mental, intellectual, emotional and social health referred to a person's ability to handle stress, to acquire skills, to maintain relationships, all of which form resources for resiliency and independent living.[9] This opens up many possibilities for health to be taught, strengthened and learned.
The Yoga Sutras are also influenced by the Sramana traditions of Buddhism and Jainism, and may represent a further Brahmanical attempt to adopt yoga from the Sramana traditions.[129] As noted by Larson, there are numerous parallels in the concepts in ancient Samkhya, Yoga and Abhidharma Buddhist schools of thought, particularly from 2nd century BCE to 1st century AD.[139] Patanjali's Yoga Sutras is a synthesis of these three traditions. From Samkhya, the Yoga Sutras adopt the "reflective discernment" (adhyavasaya) of prakrti and purusa (dualism), its metaphysical rationalism, as well its three epistemic methods of gaining reliable knowledge.[139] From Abhidharma Buddhism's idea of nirodhasamadhi, suggests Larson, Yoga Sutras adopt the pursuit of altered state of awareness, but unlike Buddhism's concept of no self nor soul, Yoga is physicalist and realist like Samkhya in believing that each individual has a self and soul.[139] The third concept Yoga Sutras synthesize into its philosophy is the ancient ascetic traditions of meditation and introspection, as well as the yoga ideas from middle Upanishads such as Katha, Shvetashvatara and Maitri.[139]
^ "Sidang Media – Fatwa Yoga". Islam.gov.my. Archived from the original on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 5 September 2010. Quote: The Fatwas of Religious Council in Islamic affairs on Yoga. After carefully studied various reports and factual data, the Council unanimously agreed that this ancient India religious teachings, which involves physical and mental exercises, are Hinduism in nature known as wahdat al-wujud philosophy (oneness of existence; the realization of identity between the Self in man, Atman; and the Divine, BRAHMAN: 'Brahman is all, and Atman is Brahman'). It is prohibited (haram) for Muslims to practice it.
According to Georg Feuerstein, Laya yoga (yoga of dissolution or merging) "makes meditative absorption (laya) its focus. The laya-yogin seeks to transcend all memory traces and sensory experiences by dissolving the microcosm, the mind, in the transcendental Self-Consciousness."[276] There are various forms and techniques of Laya yoga, including listening to the "inner sound" (nada), practicing various mudras like Khechari mudra and Shambhavi mudra as well as techniques meant to awaken a spiritual energy in the body (kundalini).[277]
Later developments in the various Buddhist traditions led to new innovations in yogic practices. The Theravada school, while remaining relatively conservative, still developed new ideas on meditation and yogic phenomenology in their later works, the most influential of which is the Visuddhimagga. The Indic meditation teachings of Mahayana Buddhism can be seen in influential texts like the Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra (compiled c. 4th century). Mahayana meditation practices also developed and adopted new yogic methods, such as the use of mantra and dharani, pure land practices which aimed at rebirth in a pure land or buddhafield, and visualization methods. Chinese Buddhism developed its own methods, such as the Chan practice of Koan introspection and Hua Tou. Likewise, Tantric Buddhism (also Mantrayana, Vajrayana) developed and adopted tantric methods, which remain the basis of the Tibetan Buddhist yogic systems, including the Six yogas of Naropa, Kalacakra, Mahamudra and Dzogchen.[248]
The focus of public health interventions is to prevent and manage diseases, injuries and other health conditions through surveillance of cases and the promotion of healthy behavior, communities, and (in aspects relevant to human health) environments. Its aim is to prevent health problems from happening or re-occurring by implementing educational programs, developing policies, administering services and conducting research.[53] In many cases, treating a disease or controlling a pathogen can be vital to preventing it in others, such as during an outbreak. Vaccination programs and distribution of condoms to prevent the spread of communicable diseases are examples of common preventive public health measures, as are educational campaigns to promote vaccination and the use of condoms (including overcoming resistance to such).
The maintenance and promotion of health is achieved through different combination of physical, mental, and social well-being, together sometimes referred to as the "health triangle."[24][25] The WHO's 1986 Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion further stated that health is not just a state, but also "a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities."[26]
A yoga system that predated the Buddhist school is Jain yoga. But since Jain sources postdate Buddhist ones, it is difficult to distinguish between the nature of the early Jain school and elements derived from other schools.[89] Most of the other contemporary yoga systems alluded in the Upanishads and some Buddhist texts are lost to time.[90][91][note 12] https://buzzingoffer.tumblr.com/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Center is focused on the understanding of fluidic systems at the micro- and nano- scale. The Center uses both microfabrication and nanotechnology to discover and develop miniaturized microfluidic instruments capable of measuring, actuating, or separating biomedical materials, molecules, and components. The Center has projects in six related areas.
The Center also has a strong interest in developing microfabrication and nanotechnology techniques and has developed methods for creating single material waveguides, assembling and fabricating microfluidic components, depositing ultrathin sensing layers, and packaging microfluidic systems.


Written by John L. Howe on Wednesday, 01 August 2012 02:09.
Written by Jerry Vernon on Wednesday, 15 February 2012 00:00.
Quite by chance I stumbled across the article on the CAHS website recently, about the Bell Airacobra and the RCAF. During one of my visits to the Directorate of History in 1983, I was given a copy of a couple of research papers by Dr. Steve Harris on the procurement of fighter and other aircraft for the RCAF early in the Second World War. Most of this information was later incorporated in the appropriate places in the 3-volume official RCAF history, and can be read there in more detail.
Written by Major Matthias Joost on Sunday, 15 January 2012 01:52.
The record for the coldest recorded temperature in North America is held by a tiny locale in the Yukon, at-81.4° Fahrenheit (-63° Celsius). Snag, 30 kms east of the Alaska-Yukon border and 25 kms north of the Alaska Highway had an aviation connection when the record was set on 3 February 1947.
Written by Eric Dumigan on Wednesday, 04 January 2012 00:00.
I grew up spending time in the darkroom listening to classical music and watching my father develop photos during the '70s. My grandfather, Robert Dumigan, also enjoyed photography and when the R-100 made its one and only trip to St. Hubert in 1930, my grandfather took a photo of my aunt and father standing in front of the R-100. I'm sure this is where my father caught his love for aviation. This and many more photos are presented in the full story.
Written by Mathias Joost on Sunday, 01 January 2012 08:56.
Written by Danielle Metcalfe-Chenail on Tuesday, 06 December 2011 08:56.
Written by Mathias Joost on Tuesday, 06 December 2011 08:19.


Hans Martens and Paul van Rooyen - riding across Europe!
We plan to start our journey in the middle of April in the south of France and try to travel in approximately 2 months to our homes near Utrecht in Holland. We think the journey will be about 1300 miles.
For this purpose we will be using 2 strong Criollos aged 7 (Salgado) and 13 years (Buck).
We wish you all the best in your planning, Hans and Paul, and look forward to hearing more nearer the time!
Although we have not heard from Hans and Paul again, we believe their ride must have been completed. We understand that they met up with fellow Dutch Long Riders Jeannette van den Eng and Margriet Dijkstra who were riding from their home in the Netherlands to Santiago de Compostella!


Although Veirya very decisively sold the food to Lucia, and I couldn't even stop her, I needed to explain to her that we cannot do business based on emotions.
I face-palmed myself since I had no way of speaking to Veirya like this.
Okay, it doesn't look like Veirya has spotted Lucia's problem.
Leah, who was seated to the side looked at her with a horrified expression. Although Lucia treats Leah very well, and Leah doesn't view her hostilely, she gets scared as soon as their warrior team was mentioned.
I placed my hand gently on Leah's hand and curled it up to calm her down.
I started to get a little angry. Maybe it was because I had no way of communicating with her, leaving me with nowhere to vent. It was all stuck in my throat and I couldn't settle down.
What I wanted to say got stuck in my throat.
I remember Veirya told me that she wants to experience a true life. She'd always been in the army previously, fighting as a knight and as a warrior. After the fighting ended, she still couldn't leave the battlefield. She's sitting here now, but her heart is still on the battlefield of blood and corpses.
She couldn't escape from it.
It wasn't that she didn't want to, but that no one helped her.
She had worked hard to find her direction on the battlefield, but it had been littered with corpses, flames, and smoke. She had lost her direction. She doesn't know where she should go or how to leave.
She wanted to try and let Leah lead her away. Perhaps it was because she felt that living together with Leah would inform her on what a normal life is. Perhaps she felt that a bright and lively girl like Lucia was what it meant to be a normal girl.
Her thinking was that she should do everything in her power to help Lucia, who she viewed as her comrade, when Lucia made a request of her. She had never managed food or whatnot. That's why she was so generous.
I had raised my voice a lot. My voice carried my rage and frustration. I don't know why I was so angry, either. Put another way, maybe I was just angry with Veirya.
She doesn't know anything, yet she made a decision with her minute experience and is unwilling to realise her mistake.
My voice became the loudest voice in the room. Veirya stood in place, motionless.
Honestly, I regretted it right after I had said it. I did indeed go overboard.
When I was going to apologise, Veirya turned around to face me and seriously said, "What is a normal person's life? I've never experienced it. I don't know what is considered a normal life, and I don't know what sort of girl is a normal girl. Do you know? I've always been viewed as a monster, but I want to live as a human being. I want a family and what everyone else wants, too, but do you know how to obtain that which I don't have?" Veirya looked at me, absolutely serious.
If it was somebody else who was looking at me like this and saying this sort of stuff, I would surely interpret it as sarcasm. But, I know that Veirya asked those questions sincerely.
Maybe what I had said right at the start had lost Veirya completely. Which is why she asked all the questions she has had, up until now, in one breath.
She looked at me. Though she kept asking questions, her expression didn't change at all. In fact, her tone didn't change either. She looked at Leah and me.
Leah looked back blankly, as though she was surprised. She looked as if she were wondering why Veirya had become like this and why she suddenly ask so many questions.
I didn't know what I was supposed to do now. My anger for Veirya had been erased by Veirya's calm demeanour.
Veirya suddenly spoke out, and Leah's entire body shuddered from fright. She looked at her with astonishment, but Veirya didn't care.
I looked at Veirya in front of me, somewhat lost for how to react. I never thought she heard the things I said to Leah.
Leah unleashed a cry of despair. She looked at me with her gaze filled with despair.
I knew what she was thinking. It was supposed to be the place we were going to go to in the future. A place with just us two. Only now I went and made the promise to a third person, and it was Veirya, who was the last person she would accept. That made it more impossible for Leah to agree.
Veirya solemnly nodded while looking at me.


text:
Die Ntrubo sind ein Volk in Ghana und Togo, das auch Delo, Ntribu, Dilose oder Ntribou genannt wird.

Das Siedlungsgebiet liegt auf der Grenze zwischen Ghana und Togo zentral im Landesinneren. Der Stammeshäuptling hat seinen Sitz in Brewaniase etwa 20 Meilen südlich von Nkwanta. Die Sprache der Ntrubo heißt Delo.

In Ghana leben ca. 10.900 bis 12.000 Ntrubo, in Togo etwa 5.400 bis 6.000.

Siehe auch

 Liste der Völker Ghanas

Weblinks

 Ethnologue.com

Ethnie in Togo
Ethnie in Ghana


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Is It Time To talk Extra ABout Roma Fc?
Inexperienced Bay jumped out to an early lead and gained, classic football shirt 31-25. Why had been the cheerleaders fired in the '60s? The Steelers last performed in the Super Bowl in 2011, which was towards the Green Bay Packers. Churros are a little bit of deliciousness in the form of fried pastry dough, usually with sugar sprinkled on them, and if you are feeling super saucy, you possibly can dip them in something like chocolate. There are several methods this can be achieved to fulfill a crowd, whether it's by way of the usage of air cannons, catapults, trebuchets or machines using torsion and centrifugal drive. No, my friends are off their trollies. Mens golf clothes, like packable rain suits, waterproof trousers and jackets, piped brief sleeve wind shirts, quarter zip wind-tops and reversible wind jackets are some examples of weatherproof put on. I will not let it wind me up. Will you let him? What's going to you do about it? Which English city do you suppose it will likely be? You wouldn't want to find yourself touring a city where you do not feel comfortable being! Sorba Thomas set up Jordan Rhodes' profitable goal within the second leg to down Luton City within the semifinals, and Thomas tied for fifth within the league with 11 assists.
Dribbling consists of bouncing the ball up and down on the court with one hand. Within the sequence, he gained both Game 1 and Game 4, however he would be on the dropping finish of Sport 7 when the Indians went down to the Chicago Cubs. In a sport that is already violent, some Steelers-Ravens contests turn into downright bloody brawls. Ephron was at the top of her recreation with this script primarily based on the true story of Karen Silkwood, a whistle-blower on safety violations at an Oklahoma plutonium plant. Home to virtually every species of butterfly found in Eire, this area can be house to plant species which are found nowhere else on earth. The first thirteen Nextel Cup Races, beginning with the Daytona 500, are carried by the FOX network. Hoping to capitalize on the impending World Cup fever, EA Sports activities has launched 2002 FIFA World Cup for the PlayStation 2, which particularly focuses on the tournament to be held in the 2 nations cohosting the event, Japan and Korea. He was a bit previous his peak by 2006, however he still had enough in the tank to get the three goals required to make him the World Cups main all-time goalscorer on 15. Fast, strong, balanced, with a cushioned contact and a deadly end with both foot or bonce – the mind boggles as to what he might need achieved had he actually ever turned up in shape.
I desire to thoughts my own enterprise. Another fascinating side of the construct-up section from Atletico saw them utilise overloads on the ball near side of the sphere earlier than escaping pressure to play to the huge midfielder who was free on the opposite aspect. Much of his success stemmed from his lots of of innovations — all the pieces from the invention of the tackling dummy to the Statue of Liberty play. Pittsburgh and Baltimore are rivals that both play within the AFC North. Pittsburgh has six titles to its credit. Within the '60s, a time of tumult all through the land, the "Steelerettes" wanted to up the ante by way of their uniforms by going skimpy. No matter what time of year you cross the pond to go to England, you are guaranteed to have a lovely time! During this time period, my household and i generally watched sports collectively, tennis or figure skating. The Rooney household responded by merely firing the entire squad. It is not necessary sufficient to get gobby about. Not content with clattering into Phil Foden with enough power to leave the 21-12 months-outdated bloodied and bandaged, Felipe adopted it up by swiping away the legs of Kevin De Bruyne. When the Steelers successful bandwagon took off within the early '70s, there was no looking again.
The Steelers have a notable history of colorblindness. Do you have a Northeast vibe and you don't even comprehend it, or would you're feeling most snug in the South? They started the primary-ever black quarterback, hired the first black coaches and essentially awarded jobs primarily based on merit, not race, even earlier than it was fashionable to do so. Ares is the God of Conflict from Greek mythology, so it's something of a fitting name for such a brutal character, even if it's traditionally masculine. After World Struggle II, when Germany cut up into West Germany and East Germany, the flags of both international locations have been identical to the current German flag, except that the flag for East Germany contained a diagram of the nationwide emblem in its center. Indian Motorcycle Firm purchased Ace in 1927, and continued to offer what was essentially the Ace four — sporting Indian logos, after all — until World Struggle II.
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Is It Time To talk More ABout Roma Fc?
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LG G5 made its first global presence back in February during the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, along with Samsung Galaxy S7 and HTC 10. While Samsung went ahead and launched the Galaxy S7 and S7 Edge across the world, it took forever for LG to go beyond select few countries to sell its latest flagship. The LG G5 is finally getting launched in India, and interestingly, the other Korean company has put it on pre-order even before the formal launch. The flagship phone is up for pre-order on Flipkart and is priced at Rs 52,990.
Customers who pre-book the LG G5 on Flipkart are eligible to get a free LG Cam Plus companion device. The pre-order is now open and will be available till May 30th 2016. The rumors were that LG would officially launch the G5 in India on June 1, but we still don't know if the launch day is the same. To make the things a bit complicated, LG requires the customers who pre-order to go fill up this form and upload their invoice in order to claim the free LG Cam Plus accessory.
LG G5 grabbed a lot of eyeballs for things beyond the usual hardware specifications. It's the first smartphone to actually implement the true modular design. The phone can transform to a bunch of other products including a digital camera, a Hi-Fi player and more. The G5 is built in such a way that an expansion slot from the bottom can be pulled out revealing the removable battery and that slot can be exchanged for other add-ons without any hassles. As for the other important thing in a flagship smartphone, the camera, it comes with a dual camera setup on the back, where the second camera is a wide-angle lens.
Samsung has been doing extremely well with the Galaxy S7/Edge in India, thanks to some relatively aggressive pricing and general overall performance (specially the camera), so it's tough for LG G5 to compete straight away considering it's already on the back foot with a 2 month delay in launch. But Samsung chose to bring the Exynos 8890 variant of Galaxy S7/Edge to India, so LG G5 can claim to be amongst the first ones to come powered with the Qualcomm Snapdragon 820 processor (after Xiaomi Mi 5).
Some of our sources had mentioned that LG would be binding the Cam Plus and the 360-deg camera, but it seems LG India has dropped the 360 CAM and going just with the Cam Plus for now. There are other accessories like 360 VR, Rolling Bot, Tone Platinum, Smart Controller and H3 by B&O Play, all part of 'LG Friends' ecosystem for the G5. We aren't sure how many of those will launch in India, but you can go ahead and pre-order the G5 for Rs 52,990 on Flipkart if interested.
Update: Looks like, the LG G5 will be available offline as well, but online, it's exclusive to Flipkart.


I just received this great note from Marijke. Joep is improved this morning and she is hopeful he will have a fast recovery. I sent everyone the hospital address yesterday but she has asked that cards or anything we wish to send be addressed to the home address. If you wish to send a card, I'd suggest you send it to his home.
I just came home from the hospital and he's doing better , with a good physiotherapy and exercise he will recover soon . And with the support/wishes from you all , he will recover fast . Thank you for everything !!


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Tuesday, 4th December 1660
4th. To Whitehall to Sir G. Carteret's chamber, where all the officers met, and so we went up to the Duke of York, and he took us into his closet, and we did open to him our project of stopping the growing charge of the fleet by paying them in hand one moyety, and the other four months hence. This he do like, and we returned by his order to Sir G. Carteret's chamber, and there we did draw up this design in order to be presented to the Parliament. From thence I to my Lord's, and dined with him and told him what we had done to-day. Sir Tho. Crew dined with my Lord to-day, and we were very merry with Mrs. Borfett, who dined there still as she has always done lately. After dinner Sir Tho. and my Lady to the Playhouse to see "The Silent Woman." I home by water, and with Mr. Hater in my chamber all alone he and I did put this morning's design into order, which being done I did carry it to Sir W. Batten, where I found some gentlemen with him (Sir W. Pen among the rest pretty merry with drink) playing at cards, and there I staid looking upon them till one o'clock in the morning, and so Sir W. Pen and I went away, and I to bed. This day the Parliament voted that the bodies of Oliver, Ireton, Bradshaw, &c., should be taken up out of their graves in the Abbey, and drawn to the gallows, and there hanged and buried under it: which (methinks) do trouble me that a man of so great courage as he was, should have that dishonour, though otherwise he might deserve it enough.
4th. To Whitehall with both Sir Williams, thence by water, where I saw a man lie dead upon Westminster Stairs that had been drowned yesterday. To the Temple, and thence to Mr. Phillips and got my copy of Sturtlow lands. So back to the 3 Tuns at Charing Cross, and there met the two Sir Williams and Col. Treswell and Mr. Falconer, and dined there at Sir W. Pen's cost, and after dinner by water to Cheapside to the painter's, and there found my wife, and having sat a little she and I by coach to the Opera and Theatre, but coming too late to both, and myself being a little out of tune we returned, and I settled to read in "Mare Clausum "till bedtime, and so to bed.
Thursday, 4th December 1662
4th. At the office all the morning setting about business, and after dinner to it again, and so till night, and then home looking over my Brampton papers against to-morrow that we are to meet with our counsel on both sides toward an arbitration, upon which I was very late, and so to bed.
Friday, 4th December 1663
4th. Up pretty betimes, that is about 7 o'clock, it being now dark then, and so got me ready, with my clothes, breeches and warm stockings, and by water with Henry Russell, cold and wet and windy to Woolwich, to a hempe ship there, and staid looking upon it and giving direction as to the getting it ashore, and so back again very cold, and at home without going on shore anywhere about 12 o'clock, being fearful of taking cold, and so dined at home and shifted myself, and so all the afternoon at my office till night, and then home to keep my poor wife company, and so to supper and to bed.
Sunday, 4th December 1664
4th (Lord's day). Lay long in bed, and then up and to my office, there to dispatch a business in order to the getting something out of the Tangier business, wherein I have an opportunity to get myself paid upon the score of freight. I hope a good sum. At noon home to dinner, and then in the afternoon to church. So home, and by and by comes Mr. Hill and Andrews, and sung together long and with great content. Then to supper and broke up. Pretty discourse, very pleasant and ingenious, and so to my office a little, and then home (after prayers) to bed. This day I hear the Duke of Yorke is come to towne, though expected last night, as I observed, but by what hindrance stopped I can't tell.
4th. Several people to me about business, among others Captain Taylor, intended Storekeeper for Harwich, whom I did give some assistance in his dispatch by lending him money. So out and by water to London and to the 'Change, and up and down about several businesses, and after the observing (God forgive me!) one or two of my neighbour Jason's women come to towne, which did please me very well, home to my house at the office, where my wife had got a dinner for me: and it was a joyfull thing for us to meet here, for which God be praised! Here was her brother come to see her, and speake with me about business. It seems my recommending of him hath not only obtained his presently being admitted into the Duke of Albemarle's guards, and present pay, but also by the Duke's and Sir Philip Howard's direction, to be put as a right-hand man, and other marks of special respect, at which I am very glad, partly for him, and partly to see that I am reckoned something in my recommendations, but wish he may carry himself that I may receive no disgrace by him. So to the 'Change. Up and down again in the evening about business and to meet Captain Cocke, who waited for Mrs. Pierce (with whom he is mightily stricken), to receive and hide for her her rich goods she saved the other day from seizure. Upon the 'Change to-day Colvill tells me, from Oxford, that the King in person hath justified my Lord Sandwich to the highest degree; and is right in his favour to the uttermost. So late by water home, taking a barrel of oysters with me, and at Greenwich went and sat with Madam Penington . . . . and made her undress her head and sit dishevilled all night sporting till two in the morning, and so away to my lodging and so to bed. Over-fasting all the morning hath filled me mightily with wind, and nothing else hath done it, that I fear a fit of the cholique.
4th. Up, and to the office, where we sat all the morning. At noon dined at home. After dinner presently to my office, and there late and then home to even my Journall and accounts, and then to supper much eased in mind, and last night's good news, which is more and more confirmed with particulars to very good purpose, and so to bed.
4th. At the office all the morning. At noon to dinner, and presently with my wife abroad, whom and her girle I leave at Unthanke's, and so to White Hall in expectation of waiting on the Duke of York to-day, but was prevented therein, only at Mr. Wren's chamber there I hear that the House of Lords did send down the paper which my Lord Chancellor left behind him, directed to the Lords, to be seditious and scandalous; and the Commons have voted that it be burned by the hands of the hangman, and that the King be desired to agree to it. I do hear, also, that they have desired the King to use means to stop his escape out of the nation. Here I also heard Mr. Jermin, who was there in the chamber upon occasion of Sir Thomas Harvy's telling him of his brother's having a child, and thereby taking away his hopes (that is, Mr. Jermin's) of £2000 a year. He swore, God damn him, he did not desire to have any more wealth than he had in the world, which indeed is a great estate, having all his uncle's, my Lord St. Alban's, and my Lord hath all the Queen-Mother's. But when Sir Thos. Harvy told him that "hereafter you will wish it more;"--"By God," answers he, "I won't promise what I shall do hereafter." Thence into the House, and there spied a pretty woman with spots on her face, well clad, who was enquiring for the guard chamber; I followed her, and there she went up, and turned into the turning towards the chapel, and I after her, and upon the stairs there met her coming up again, and there kissed her twice, and her business was to enquire for Sir Edward Bishop, one of the serjeants at armes. I believe she was a woman of pleasure, but was shy enough to me, and so I saw her go out afterwards, and I took a hackney coach, and away. I to Westminster Hall, and there walked, and thence towards White Hall by coach, and spying Mrs. Burroughs in a shop did stop and 'light and speak to her; and so to White Hall, where I 'light and went and met her coming towards White Hall, but was upon business, and I could not get her to go any whither and so parted, and I home with my wife and girle (my wife not being very well, of a great looseness day and night for these two days). So home, my wife to read to me in Sir R. Cotton's book of warr, which is excellent reading, and particularly I was mightily pleased this night in what we read about the little profit or honour this kingdom ever gained by the greatest of its conquests abroad in France. This evening come Mr. Mills and sat with us a while, who is mighty kind and good company, and so, he gone, I to supper and to bed. My wife an unquiet night. This day Gilsthrop is buried, who hath made all the late discourse of the great discovery of £65,000, of which the King bath been wronged.
4th. Up, and with W. Hewer by water to White Hall, and there did wait as usual upon the Duke of York, where, upon discoursing something touching the Ticket-Office, which by letter the Board did give the Duke of York their advice, to be put upon Lord Brouncker, Sir J. Minnes did foolishly rise up and complain of the Office, and his being made nothing of; and this before Sir Thomas Littleton, who would be glad of this difference among us, which did trouble me mightily; and therefore I did forbear to say what I otherwise would have thought fit for me to say on this occasion, upon so impertinent a speech as this doting fool made--but, I say, I let it alone, and contented myself that it went as I advised, as to the Duke of York's judgment, in the thing disputed. And so thence away, my coach meeting me there and carrying me to several places to do little jobs, which is a mighty convenience, and so home, where by invitation I find my aunt Wight, who looked over all our house, and is mighty pleased with it, and indeed it is now mighty handsome, and rich in furniture. By and by comes my uncle, and then to dinner, where a venison pasty and very merry, and after dinner I carried my wife and her to Smithfield, where they sit in the coach, while Mr. Pickering, who meets me there, and I, and W. Hewer, and a friend of his, a jockey, did go about to see several pairs of horses, for my coach; but it was late, and we agreed on none, but left it to another time: but here I do see instances of a piece of craft and cunning that I never dreamed of, concerning the buying and choosing of horses. So Mr. Pickering, to whom I am much beholden for his kindness herein, and I parted; and I with my people home, where I left them, and I to the office, to meet about some business of Sir W. Warren's accounts, where I vexed to see how ill all the Comptroller's business is likely to go on, so long as ever Sir J. Minnes lives; and so troubled I was, that I thought it a good occasion for me to give my thoughts of it in writing, and therefore wrote a letter at the Board, by the help of a tube, to Lord Brouncker, and did give it him, which I kept a copy of, and it may be of use to me hereafter to shew, in this matter. This being done, I home to my aunt, who supped with us, and my uncle also: and a good-humoured woman she is, so that I think we shall keep her acquaintance; but mighty proud she is of her wedding-ring, being lately set with diamonds; cost her about £12: and I did commend it mightily to her, but do not think it very suitable for one of our quality. After supper they home, and we to bed.


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P.T. Barnum is Become Death, The Destroyer of Worlds: How Velma Ate Your Hatred and Crapped Out a Season Renewal
There are few things on this earth worth caring about less than Scooby-Doo. As mentioned on the Twitter, Scooby-Doo is entertainment for bored children of the 1960's -70's who didn't huff enough Carbona to sit through H.R. Puffenstuff. It's a cut above other Hanna-Barbera product of that time, such as Honeymooners, BC and Atomic Age Blondie, because it was actually sort of doing it's own thing (unless you want to make a big deal about citing Dobey Gillis as a reference, and no one under the age of 50 even knows what you're talking about). Fab Hippie Kids and a Semi-Talking Dog Debunking Southern Gothic has a silly kind of energy to it, even if you've seen all the episodes you need to after the first one.
And there isn't really a whole lot to say about Mindy Kaling. She was amusing enough on the American version of Dunning-Kruger: The TV Show, especially if you find nonwhite women auditioning for the remake of Valley Girl endlessly hilarious. She went on to leverage this success into her own show, Doctor Has Sex. She's done other things, all at about that level, picking up producer credits as she goes. She's in the biz, doing the grind, girlbossing away. Good for her.
So you must understand that I have no interest in dragging Velma. In the first place, I have no interest in the integrity of Hanna-Barbera product, or the people producing it. In the second place, the rest of the internet is doing it for me. Rotten Tomatoes can't get this thing above 50%. It's so bad that people on Twitter are accusing Kaling of being a crypto-right winger, deliberately sabotaging the So-Important attempt to make Velma brown and gay. When even Entertainment Weekly can't be bothered to give you a fluff, you done shat the bed. Everyone hates Velma.
And because of that, it's going to be back.
Warner Bros. and HBO Max opting to get the ball rolling on a second season of Velma early would not exactly be surprising. After all, while the show has divided critics and proven controversial among audiences, Velma's first season debuted to strong viewership numbers. In fact, the bloody Scooby-Doo prequel can officially boast having had the biggest premiere day for any HBO Max original animated series. "Thank you everyone for watching!" Kaling wrote in a tweet announcing the news. Still, it remains to be seen if and when HBO Max will publicly announce Velma's Season 2 renewal.
-"Warner Bros. Primes Velma for a Season 2 Renewal", Comic Book Resources
I think we all know what this means. It fundamentally does not matter if product is good. It matters if it is seen. Assuming HBOMax isn't fudging it's viewership numbers, then this turd was a hit, precisely because the Internet howled about it. Notoriety is the same as fame in this business. There is no such thing as bad publicity. Five bucks says they make at least a rhetorical attemp to mollify fans with the new season, as Amazon has done with Rings of Power.
Let's stipulate a couple of things here. I have no direct evidence that HBOMax or Mindy Kaling are deliberately trolling their audience, using hatred to stoke viewership. It's entirely possible that they just stumbled into creating the Must-Hate TV show and are reaping the rewards for their incompetence. After all, the business model for the last several years has been studios buying existing IP's and turning writers loose on them:
Freeform's Simran Sethi thinks existing IP can also attract more than a network. "In a world where there's growing competition for writers and actors, being able to attract talent to work on something is part of it, too," she said. "We're absolutely buying property so we can give writers something cool to work on."
To that end, Sethi later discussed the upcoming Marvel's New Warriors series. While Gish noted the character Squirrel Girl could likely carry her own series, this version is based on Zeb Wells' books and will be written in a more comedic tone using an ensemble. That meant Freeform could get more actors/writers involved (and have room to possibly fit pre-existing partnerships).
-"Why are so many pre-existing IP's turning to TV? It's Complicated", Ars Technica
The above article is from 2017. This has been the strategy from the beginning: buy something with an audience, attempt to expand that audience by having writers play with something they didn't create, dump it on streaming and see what happens. If it fails, keep banging on it until it succeeds, or something else comes along and steals your thunder. What Fans WantTM is the least important thing.
Aesthetic production today has become integrated into a commodity that can be sold, consumed, regurgitated, and sold again. The economic urgency of producing fresh waves of the same thing at a greater turnover rate is the culturally logical move of late-stage capitalism as art—with no intentions of being either good or bad—is now a product to be sold and consumed.
-"Is Netflix Creating a Cinematic Hell That We Can't Escape?" -No Film School
It's unfair to blame Netflix entirely for this. And the phrase "late stage capitalism" reflects deep ideological blinders. P.T. Barnum was trolling people out of their money 150 years ago. But it does capture the gist of what's happening. There's no reason for That 90's Show to exist. No one wants it, no one asked for it. It exists anyway, because enough of us have been conditioned to care about Narrative Brands that we'll watch even if we suspect it's not going to be good. Because it could be good, right? And then we can have conversations about how good it is. We can make YouTube reaction videos and video essays about it. We can make tier-lists. We can participate in the brand consciousness. Everyone else is.
Oh, bother… this ain't no bedtime story. Happy #WinnieThePoohDay.
Winnie-the-Pooh: Blood and Honey slashes its way into theaters February 15 #PoohBloodandHoney 🔪🩸🍯 pic.twitter.com/qDlrLHDALN
— Winnie-the-Pooh: Blood and Honey (@poohbandh) January 18, 2023
Enjoy your fandom, suckers.
20 Jan 2023 AndrewPop Culturedestroy all fandoms, fandoms, HBO, MIndy Kaling, PT Barnum, reboots, Scooby Doo, streaming media, Television, Velma
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ITC was formed in 1998 to supply PC based systems to both the business world and the end user market. This was possible at very competitive prices through its close links with manufacturers, Packard Bell, Panther, Blue Ridge, and Elementary Computers.
In September 2001 with the demise of Reflex Electronics (The Acorn Support Centre), an opportunity arose to fill the void left, whereupon ITC bought the Acorn Spares stock held by Reflex. In addition, ITC can continue a repair service to the Acorn population by contracting the ex-Reflex Electronics engineers.
The Acorn side of the business is managed by Conor Randall who is also responsible for the development of the business in other consumer electronic sales.
ITC is one of the most reputed laptop repair service providers in London. We offer repairing services to both home and business users. No matter what problem you are facing, our team of talented experts will be able to help you out. In most cases, we will solve your issues via remote access. However, in case that is not possible, one of our experts will come to your home. Apart from London, we also offer our services around M25.
As mentioned before, our experts will personally come to your house and solve the issue there only. However, in case the issue is severe and will take time to get solved, then we will take your Laptop along with us and return it back to you as soon as possible. We don't charge anything extra for delivery or pickup.
In order to keep things simple, we offer flexible rates. Apart from fixed rates, we also offer hourly rates. We also have some repairing packages. We can assure you that our talented team of engineers will make your PC as good as a new one. We will also provide you with some laptop maintenance tips so that in the future, there is no such issue.
If a virus somehow gets into your Laptop or PC, then it will make the entire system slow. And in severe cases, your Operating Software can also get damaged. In case there is some issue with your PC but you can't figure out the exact reason of the problem, then we will find out the root cause of the problem. In case your PC is infected with virus, then you will experience some common problems like slow performance, freezing and your OS will crash down frequently. If you are suffering from any of these, just give a call to ITC.
There are some dangerous virus like Spyware which can steal your confidential information like your bank account details and leak them to the person who infected your PC. In order to avoid such situations, you should frequently scan your computer with a reputed anti virus software. And don't forget to update your software. If you feel that your PC is infected, then you should act immediately. If your private information falls into the wrong hands, then you will be in deep trouble. We offer our services 24×7. Whenever you feel that something is wrong with your PC, you can contact us.


Selected long chain block co-polymer blend with water retaining adjuvant.
Protects turf quality through periods of dry conditions.
AquaSmart is an outfield wetting agent designed for a low rate of application and so provides a cost-effective programme.
The special blend of surfactants in AquaSmart, formulated for all soil types, can help maintain turf quality through periods of dry weather by maximising the effectiveness of irrigation or rainfall.
Essentially it provides greater water-use efficiency by preventing drying and allowing quick rewetting of the soil, so maintaining a healthy plant and a quality turf surface.
Greenmaster Liquid NK is a balanced NK fertilizer that contains no P and is ideal to use between spring and autumn. Its NK ratio regulates turf growth and strengthens the sward.


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Il Comitato Nazionale Olimpico e Sportivo Centrafricano (noto anche come Comité National Olympique et Sportif Centrafricain in francese) è un'organizzazione sportiva centrafricani, nata nel 1963 a Bangui, Repubblica Centrafricana.

Rappresenta questa nazione presso il Comitato Olimpico Internazionale (CIO) dal 1964 ed ha lo scopo di curare l'organizzazione ed il potenziamento dello sport in Repubblica Centrafricana e, in particolare, la preparazione degli atleti centrafricani, per consentire loro la partecipazione ai Giochi olimpici. L'organizzazione è, inoltre, membro dell'Associazione dei Comitati Olimpici Nazionali d'Africa.

L'attuale presidente dell'associazione è Jacob Gbeti, mentre la carica di segretario generale è occupata da Gilbert Gresenguet.

Collegamenti esterni

Repubblica Centrafricana
Repubblica Centrafricana ai Giochi olimpici


With Jeff Wayne's Forever Autumn breezing through the speakers, we are inspecting the recently purchased bottle of Aultmore 12 YO.
It looks like an old drugstore bottle with glass embossing letters. We are already thinking of good re-use for this bottle instead of throwing it away in the recycle bin. The bottle has a nice branded cap and every bottle is individually numbered.
The Aultmore is released by John Dewar & Sons in a series called Last Great Malts of Scotland. Next to Aultmore a 13 YO Craigellachie and 12 YO Aberfeldy are brought to market. Royal Brackla and Deveron will follow.
Aultmore was released as an official 12 yo single malt bottling by the (previous) owners before, but the current owners are planning some more expressions next to the new 12 YO.
Allthough most product of Aultmore is tankered away to Glasgow to matures and used in blends, the new packaging show John Dewar are really serious about marketing this malt. Understandable, since Aultmore is considered a Top Class malt by blenders.
This Aultmore is bottled at 46%, has natural colour and no chill-filtering. Hurray from all us whisky-geeks!
Conclusion: Very happy with this effort of John Dewar's. Great to see another natural coloured whisky on the shelves. A real spicy Speysider this one. Together with the nice packaging and the decent price (we paid 41 euros) we'd quote our friend Paul: "Cannie go wrong with dat!".
Hi, where did you buy the bottle?
Thanks! The price is interesting as the whisky is sold for 50£ in the UK.
Notmal retailprice is €44,95, but with the discount card (at €10 a year) you get 10% off each bottle of whisky you buy. Still €44,95 is still a lot cheaper than the 50£. Can partly be explained due to the difference in tax: UK has the double amount compared the Netherlands, that's around €8 a bottle.


text:
Jean-Jacques Dessalines (* 20. September 1758 in Grande-Rivière-du-Nord, Saint-Domingue; † 17. Oktober 1806 in Pont-Rouge, Haiti) wurde 1804 der erste Generalgouverneur der unabhängigen Republik Haiti und war von 1804 bis 1806 als Jacques I. (deutsch Jakob I.) Kaiser des Ersten Kaiserreichs in Haiti.

Leben
Dessalines war ein ehemaliger Sklave der französischen Kolonie Saint-Domingue, dem heutigen Haiti. Im Verlauf der Haitianischen Revolution, einer Serie von Ereignissen gegen Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts, in denen die ehemaligen Sklaven in verschiedenen Allianzen für und gegen die Kolonialmacht Frankreich gekämpft hatten, stieg Dessalines unter Toussaint Louverture zum General auf. Er war maßgeblich an dem Sieg Toussaints über seinen Rivalen André Rigaud im "Krieg der Messer" beteiligt und erwarb sich in diesem Konflikt den Ruf eines ebenso brutalen wie effektiven Soldaten. Nachdem Louverture durch eine französische List in Gefangenschaft geraten war, rief General Dessalines 1804 die Unabhängigkeit aus und erklärte sich selbst am 8. Oktober 1804 zum Kaiser von Haiti. Der junge Staat konnte jedoch keine Stabilität erlangen.

Am 17. Oktober 1806 wurde der Kaiser im Auftrag von Henri Christophe ermordet, der sich selbst anschließend zum Präsidenten und 1811 zum König von Nord-Haiti ausrufen ließ. Der Mord führte zu erbitterten Auseinandersetzungen zwischen der kreolischen und der afrikanischen Bevölkerung, so dass Haiti im Bürgerkrieg in eine nördliche Hälfte unter dem Schwarzafrikaner Henri Christophe und eine südliche Hälfte unter dem Mulatten Pétion zerfiel. Eine zeitgenössische Tageszeitung berichtete folgendermaßen davon:
"London, den 22 Dez. (Über Dänemark.) [...] Vorgestern giengen amerikanische Nachrichten ein, die bis zum 20. November reichen. Diese melden, dass der bisherige Beherrscher von St. Domingo oder Hayti, Dessalines, in einer Insurrektion umgebracht worden, die wegen seines tyrannischen Verfahrens entstanden war. Die Regierung der Insel wird an den Neger Christophe kommen, der den Dessalines an Talenten weit übertreffen soll. Bevor Dessalines ermordet wurde, hatte er mehrere seiner Generals und Offiziers umbringen lassen. Es herrscht jetzt auf St. Domingo eine große Gährung. Ein Haufe Negers soll dafür seyn, dass man sich an England ergebe, und dabey gewisse Bedingungen zu Gunsten der Schwarzen festsetze. [...]"

Die haitianische Nationalhymne La Dessalinienne erinnert an ihn, ebenso tragen eine Stadt und ein Arrondissement den Namen Dessalines.

Literatur
in der Reihenfolge des Erscheinens
 Dessalines, Tyrann der Schwarzen und Mörder der Weissen auf St. Domingo. Ein Gemälde aus der Gallerie politischer Ungeheuer. Hennings, Erfurt und Gotha 1805.
 Franz Sundstral: Aus der schwarzen Republik. Der Neger-Aufstand auf Santo Domingo oder die Entstehungs-Geschichte des Staates Haiti. Leipzig 1903.
 Erwin Rüsch: Die Revolution von Saint Domingue (Übersee-Geschichte. Band 5). Hamburg 1930.
 Cyril Lionel Robert James: Die schwarzen Jakobiner. Toussaint L'Ouverture und die San-Domingo-Revolution. Neues Leben, Berlin 1984; Neuausgabe als Die schwarzen Jakobiner. Toussaint Louverture und die Haitianische Revolution, b_books und Karl Dietz Verlag, Berlin 2021, ISBN 978-3-320-02386-7.
 Marie Biloa Onana: Der Sklavenaufstand von Haiti. Ethnische Differenz und Humanitätsideale in der Literatur der 18. Jahrhunderts. Köln 2010. ISBN 978-3-412-20453-2.
 Deborah Jenson: Jean-Jacques Dessalines and the African Character of the Haitian Revolution. In: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture (Hg.): The William and Mary Quarterly, Jg. 69, Nr. 3 (July 2012), S. 615–638.

Weblinks

 The Louverture Project: Jean-Jacques Dessalines (englisch)
 karibik-news.com. (Stand: 14. Dez. 2013)

Einzelnachweise

Politiker (Haiti)
Kaiser (Haiti)
Sklave
Herrscher (19. Jahrhundert)
Geboren 1758
Gestorben 1806
Mann


I want to receive mailings from Adirondack Vacations!
Home of two of the Jewels of the Northeast; Gore Mountain & Whiteface Mountain. From North Creek to Lake Placid, there are thousands of wonderful Snowshoe and Cross Country Ski Trails!
At Whiteface Mountain, you'll find some of the best alpine skiing and snowboarding in North America. It has the greatest vertical drop this side of the Rockies and is the only ski area in the East to have hosted the Olympic Winter Games.
Take the NY State Thruway (I-87) north to the Adirondack Northway (Exit 24 in Albany). Follow 87 to Exit 30. Pick up Route 9 north and follow it for two miles to Route 73. Continue on 73 for 28 miles to Lake Placid area. Take Route 86 east to Whiteface Mountain. From NYC: 5 hrs, Albany: 2 1/2 hrs.
Take 401 east to Cornwall Bridge. Pick up Route 37 east to Malone. Follow Route 30 south to Paul Smiths and pick up Route 86. Continue on 86 thru Saranac Lake and Lake Placid to Whiteface Mountain. Drive time: 5 1/2 hours.
Take Route 15 south to Champlain Crossing, connecting with I-87 south. Take Exit 34 west, following Route 9 north, then follow Route 86 to Whiteface Mountain. Drive time: 2 hours.
Take Massachusetts Turnpike (I-90) to Albany. Pick up I-787 north to Cohoes. Connect with Route 7 west to I-87 north. Follow I-87 (Northway) to Exit 30, then use final directions above: "From New York City..." Drive time from Boston: 5 hours.
Take routes south to the Cornwall Bridge. Pick up Route 37 east to Malone. Follow Route 30 south to Paul Smiths and pick up Route 86. Follow Route 86 and continue thru Saranac Lake and Lake Placid to Whiteface Mountain. Drive time: 3 hours.
Take I-90 (NY State Thruway) east to Exit 36 (Syracuse). Pick up I-81 north and follow to Watertown. Take Route 3 and follow it east to Saranac Lake, then follow Route 86 east to Whiteface Mountain. Drive times: From Buffalo: 5 1/2 hours; Rochester: 4 1/2 hours; Syracuse: 3 1/2 hours.


text:
Q: Dynamical inheritance TypeScript JavaScript permit dynamical inheritance. I was wondering if TypeScript take it into account. The following code might illustrate the problem.
// inheritance.js
function fn1() {
  this.a = "fn1";
}

function fn2() {
  // ...
}

let f1 = new fn1(); // "instance" of fn1
let f2 = new fn2(); // "instance" of fn2

// inheritance
f2.__proto__ = f1;

// f2.a inherits from f1
console.log(f2.a); // output: "fn1"

As you can see we add an object f1, which is an instance of fn1, in the prototype chain of f2.
My question is therefore the following: can we reproduce this behave in TypeScript by using classes?
How would I change the following code to have the expected output?
// inheritance.ts
class class1 {
  public a: string = "class1";
}

class class2 extends class1 {
  // ...
}

let c1 = new class1();
let c2 = new class2();

console.log(c1.a); // output: "class1"

// this line would not work
c2.__proto__ = c1;

// change value c1.a
c1.a = "dynamical inheritance test";

console.log(c2.a); // should print value of c1.a (i.e "dynamical inheritance test")

A: I think what you are looking for is like an intersection mixing. There's a simple example found at the typescript docs. To do what you want, you, you can basically just assign the mixing's resulting class to the to inheriting class, then copy all properties of the class you want to be the extending to the result:
function extendDynamic<T, U>(first: T, second: U): T & U {
    let result = <T & U>{};
    (<any>result) = (<any>first);
    for (let it in second) {
        if (second.hasOwnProperty(it)) {
            (<any>result)[it] = (<any>second[it]);
        }
    }
    return result;
}

class Class1 {
    public a: string;
    constructor(n: string) {
        this.a = n;
    }
}

class Class2 {
    b: string = 'bbb';
}

const a = new Class1("bar");
const b = extendDynamic(a, new Class2());
a.a = 'foo';
console.log(b.a, b.b); // foo, bbb

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
North County man rescued hours after plunge into ravine
A Heritage Ranch man spent more than 12 hours trapped in a North County ravine after wrecking his car and suffering serious injuries Friday night. Emergency crews rescued him Saturday morning after the keen eye of a former PG&E worker noticed a problem with a nearby power pole. [Tribune]
Around 10 p.m., Stephen Bradley, 69, was driving a Lexus SC 430 in rural Paso Robles when he swerved to miss a deer. Bradley's car then left the road, hit a power pole and tumbled down an embankment.
Bradley was wearing a seat belt at the time, and neither drugs nor alcohol are suspected as factors in the crash, according to the CHP.
After the crash, Bradley managed to to get out of the vehicle. But, he could not climb back up to the road or find his phone due to the severity of his injuries.
CHP officer David Clays said the car was obscured from the roadway, and there was little evidence of an accident in the area.
Around 10:30 a.m. Saturday, retired PG&E worker Steve Banta was driving near the location of the accident when he notice a snapped guideline near a power pole. Banta stopped to examine the pole, and when he looked down, he saw a mangled car at the bottom of the ravine.
Banta, who is also a former volunteer firefighter, ran down the ravine to help Bradley. Banta's wife called 911.
Cal Fire, the CHP and San Luis Ambulance responded to rescue Bradley. The ambulance transported him to Sierra Vista Regional Medical Center in San Luis Obispo.
Bradley remained in serious condition in the intensive care unit of the hospital Sunday afternoon.
Subjects: Cal Fire California Highway Patrol (CHP) Collision Found Heritage Ranch Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) Paso Robles Rescues
Hazmat team removes powdered briefs from Grover Beach
Drunk driver traps pedestrian under car
NorthCountyGuy
So much for the foolish idea of a 55 MPH Speed Limit on a road that wasn't built for it.
Great job, Mr. Banta!
Kudos to the PG&E worker for taking the time to stop and investigate.
SLO_Johnny
Everyone please take notice. He was wearing his seat belt. He was NOT EJECTED from the car and he survived a very severe crash. Time and time again, Cal Coast News reports about accidents in which the occupants of the vehicle are killed primarily because they were not wearing a seat belt.
BUCKLE UP……and make certain that everyone else in the car also buckles their seat belt.


text:
Krusade for Freedom, but Make It a Reality Show: Kim Kardashian to Make Kriminal Justice Documentary
Anne Branigin
Filed to: keeping up with the white privilegeFiled to: keeping up with the white privilege
keeping up with the white privilege
Brittany K. Barnett
MiAngel Cody
The Decarceration Collective
Alice Marie Johnson
Photo: Photo by Roy Rochlin (Getty Images)
In the House of Kardashian, no good deed goes unfilmed. Fitting then, that its most well-known member would take her recent criminal justice work and flip it into a two-hour documentary.
Greenlit by Oxygen, the documentary is tentatively titled Kim Kardashian: The Justice Project, and will focus on Kardashian's recent foray into criminal justice work, Variety reports.
In 2018, the reality star and woman of "so many talents [she] can't even begin to name them" leveraged her fame to help convince Donald Trump's horny ass to grant clemency to Alice Marie Johnson, who was serving a life sentence for a nonviolent drug-related offense.
Apparently inspired by how much the criminal justice system's gatekeepers are willing to listen—or outright bend—to people who have the fame, money, and resources, Kardashian has expanded her efforts. A TMZ article from earlier this week reported that Kardashian and her legal team have helped set free 17 incarcerated people over the past three months.
Let's pause here to give a little credit where credit is due. Freeing 17 prisoners— all of whom were serving life sentences without parole— is impressive and commendable and the result of a campaign—90 Days of Freedom—launched by Kardashian's attorney, Brittany K. Barnett, a black woman. The Decarceration Collective's MiAngel Cody, another black female lawyer, also collaborated on the project. If we wanted to go back even further, it's worth knowing the viral Mic video on Alice Marie Johnson that moved Kardashian to act was facilitated by—you guessed it—a black woman, Topeka Sam.
Will black women like these be centered in the doc that bears Kardashian's name? Given her role as executive producer, Kim could certainly control the narrative however she wants. But given how the family recently attempted to throw another black woman under the bus, the safest best is naaaaah.
The Quickest and Easiest Way to Effect Change? Be Famous
A Thank-You Letter to Kim Kardashian for Proving White Privilege Is Real
A Gif Response to Van Jones' Claim That Kim Kardashian Unleashed the 'Most Effective' Intervention He's Ever Seen in American…
Staff writer, The Root. Sometimes I blog slow, sometimes I blog quick. Do you have this in coconut?
Recent from Anne Branigin
Police Arrest Suspect in Death of Baton Rouge Community Activist, Say No Evidence That Killing Was a Hate Crime
On 5th Anniversary of Eric Garner's Death, Protesters Will Take to New York City's Streets Once More
Rained Out by Hurricane Barry, Delta Sigma Theta Sorority Turns Canceled Convention Day Into Major Food Donation
Tuesday 11:00am


1.Some people think that universities should provide knowledge and skills related to future career. Others think the true function of the university is to give access to knowledge for its own sake. What is your opinion?
2.The unpaid community service should be a necessary part in high college programs (such as helping your neighbor or teaching the children sports or working for the charity).To what extent do you agree or disagree?
3.Nowadays, some people claim that public museums and art galleries will not be needed because people can see historical objects and works by using computer. Do you agree or disagree?
4.Some experts say that children's studying English at primary school is better than their studying English at secondary school. Do you think its advantages outweigh its disadvantages?
5.At present, science is developing at a high speed, but people still have a high opinion of artists. What's your opinion?
6.More and more measures to improve the security in the urban area have been introduced because of the increased crime. Do the benefits of the measures outweigh the drawbacks?
7.Some people believe that history is little or nothing to people. Others think that people must study history to understand the present. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
8.Earlier technological development brought more benefits changes to the life of ordinary people than the recent technological development does. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
9.In order to learn a language well, we should also learn about the country as well as the cultures and lifestyles of the people who speak it. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
10.Some people think that increasing business and cultural contacts have positive influences on development; others think that they have negative effects on national identities. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
11.Leisure is a growing industry. Nowadays, more modern technology is used in entertainment, which may lead people to be less creative. Do you agree or disagree?
12.Advertising encourages consumers to buy in quantity rather than in quality. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
13.The government thinks that education system should be up to date. Following are a list of the subjects taught in school. Which two do you think are the most important subjects and which one is the least important to the young people? literature, sports, mathematics, economics, physics, music, psychology, history, geography and foreign languages.
14.An American film actor once said, "Tomorrow is important and precious." Some people think individuals and society should pay more attention to the future than to the present. Do you agree?
15.Old generations often hold some traditional ideas on the correct way of life, thinking and behavior. Most people argue that it is not helpful for the young generations to prepare for modern life in the future. What is your opinion?


While the Cold War never turned hot between the major world powers, throughout Asia there were a number of border disputes and other regional small wars. For instance, India and Pakistan engaged in several border disputes, and China engaged both India and the Soviet Union in similar small wars. Cooler heads prevailed and major conflicts were avoided. But these small conflicts continue, in the 21st century. Only instead of shells flying across a border, the battlefront has moved online.
Last year, a full-blown hacking war erupted between India and Pakistan, with groups on each side defacing websites belonging to organizations in their rival nation. It was a brief cyber war, with the websites of the Press Club of India (PCI) and the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) getting hacked. "We're seeing this as a common form of attack," says Martin Libicki, senior management scientist with the RAND Corp. "This is a relatively easy attack to carry off, and the cost in terms of damage isn't very large." But as it continues to develop, cyber warfare has the potential to cause a lot more harm than mischief and nuisance.
Cyber warfare has become an extension of traditional small war politics. In most cases it isn't meant to cause physical or even economic damage but is one that is more of mass annoyance or mass distraction. Outside the economic harm it caused, the alleged North Korean cyber attack on Sony is an example of how it fits into the mass annoyance category.
But there are cases where these attacks have had more damaging results. In March 2013, a bank and three South Korean TV stations were victims of an attack also believed to have been carried out by North Korea. The attacks actually froze computer terminals and shut down ATMs and mobile payment services. In total more than 50,000 servers across South Korea were taken offline in the attack – costing as much as $800 million. Similar attacks also occurred there in 2009 and 2011.
In Dec. 2014, North Korea was also accused of a cyber attack on South Korea's Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Co Ltd. That attack didn't cause physical damage but it may have been conducted to gain plant blueprints and test data.
As noted by the documents leaked by Edward Snowden, countries spy on one another all the time—and this includes allies spying on each other. But most security breaches are likely kept quiet to avoid the embarrassment that comes along with it. Still, these "friendly" security breaches can put people in harm's way. For instance, government operatives, as in spies or sources, can be compromised through these kinds of breaches.
But it's not just state-sponsored spies being put at risk by cyber warfare. According to a FireEye report released early this year, the volume of attacks involving the theft of corporate data has increased dramatically, and China has been suspected of cyber attacks that have targeted not only government agencies but also corporate entities and even journalists. The attacks reportedly began as early as 2005 and may have targeted businesses all over Southeast Asia, including India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Chinese companies, which are closely tied to the government in Beijing, may have sought out intellectual property and other sensitive data from their regional competitors.
"It has become part of the doctrine by certain countries as how they project power," says Boland.
There has been backlash from these attacks, but it hasn't been much different than how trade negotiations have been handled for many years. Basically some Chinese companies including Huawei, Lenovo (LNVGY) and ZTE Corp (ZTCOY) have been blacklisted by western governments. The "Five Eyes," which encompasses the intelligence agencies of Australia, Canada, Great Britain, New Zealand and the United States, instituted policies in recent years that ban computers or other devices from these companies being used on secure networks.
Likewise, regionally, India and other nations have instituted similar bans on the use of Chinese devices. "We are seeing that notable Chinese companies aren't trusted by western or even regional governments," explains Boland.
With the possibility that a cyber attack could lead to real world damage, there is the question of what will be the "proportional response" that the President has promised?
Boland thinks it is just a matter of time before we see the waters being tested, but he cautions that such an attack is more likely to come from a group acting not for a nation state but potentially an insurgent group. In other words, if cyber warfare is being used behind the scenes in border wars, what would happen if a force without borders started in?


When we started the process of building our first home, we had no idea where to start. While my husband and I was out driving around looking at model homes, we ran into Tonya. After answering several questions we had, my husband and I decided to keep looking. We looked at model homes from two other builders, but we kept going back to Harlow. Their models just felt like "home". Our experience kept getting better once we decided to build with Harlow. Not only was Tonya an amazing help, but the entire staff was a pleasure to meet and work with. From Katie that helped us pick out our selections, to the several emails back and forth to Evan with follow-up questions (that we had about the process) and to meeting and talking to Landon at the job site. The entire staff made us feel welcome and like were the most important clients Harlow had at the time. My husband and I truly enjoy our home we built with Harlow. The quality of the finished product is absolutely amazing and we could not be happier. The whole experience was a lot of fun, and because of Frank Harlow and his amazing staff, it was not very stressful. If we ever decide to build a new home again, we will most definitely be building with Harlow!
Frank is a sweetheart! He made everything so fun and easy and gave us some great suggestions. Our home truly has the WOW factor as you come in the door and we love it. Thanks Frank!
The team... first and foremost was what we loved about building our home; but followed closely by the process that Katie makes easy and fun, and the beautiful home you have when it's all finished. I would recommend Frank to anyone, and have many, many times!
Moving from Atlanta to Ohio was a major move for my family. One of our greatest concerns was finding a home that fit our needs and had quality construction. We searched practically every neighborhood in Springboro, Centerville, Beavercreek and Tipp City with no success. Just as we were ready to give up, we found our dream home in a neighborhood called Stonebridge in Troy, OH built by Harlow Builders. From the moment you walk into a home built by Harlow Builders, you notice the quality construction. The woodwork is amazing and the floor plans are great. Not only is the construction of a Harlow Builder Home first rate but the customer service is incredible. Harlow Builders save all of the warranty manuals and important documents and develop a notebook for each family to keep. They have been available to answer any questions about the home or local information. I have never met anyone more focused on making sure that the home fits the family and able to makes any changes quickly. My family and I are very satisfied with our new home and new friends at Harlow Builders. If we ever buy a house again, it will definitely be a Harlow Builders Home.
A Nightmare! That's how most of our friends described the Experience of building a home, There were headaches and hassles, and it almost sounded to us like it just wouldn't be worth it, but we had a dream.... We wanted to build a home, and we feel so blessed to have been Referred to Frank Harlow. When we describe our experience to friends, It's a whole different story. From the start to finish, building with Harlow Builders was a DREAM! Not only is Frank just a great person to work with, he builds a quality house and just about bends over backwards to help you stay within your budget. He is honest, and follows through…we even felt he went above and beyond expectations in many areas. We love our new home. And we had a fantastic time throughout The process of building it. While I'm sure Harlow Builders aren't perfect, they're about as darn close as you can get when it comes to making the dream of building a home a reality. We're so happy we found you!