Imperial Phrygia: A "Procuratorial Province" Governed by liberti Augusti?
Abstract: During imperial times, Phrygia seems to have formed an administrative sub-district in terms of a 'sub-province' of the gubernatorial provincia Asia. A striking number of epigraphic records of freedman procurators refer to that Phrygia. Some of the office holders are explicitly attested as procurators "of Phrygia". Moreover, one inscription mentions Phrygia not simply as a place name, but as a provincia. In all known cases, the Phrygian procurators were liberti Augusti, in contrast to the high-ranking equestrian procuratores Asiae residing in Ephesus. However, a freedman procurator Phrygiae reported directly to the governor of Asia, and was apparently not under the supervision of the equestrian procurator Asiae. Considering the spread of epigraphic attestations of procuratorial office holders, Phrygia did certainly not constitute a mere imperial estate within the province of Asia in terms of a regio or tractus. On the contrary, e.g. the imperial freedman Aurelius Philocyrius covered several estates that lay quite far apart. "Procurators of Phrygia" are attested in connection with several functions, e.g. resolving legal disputes about the distribution of "requisitions" (ἀγγαρεία), dealing with boundaries between communities or guaranteeing the export of important local products, in particular the so-called "Phrygian" marble from Docimium. The seat of the procurators of Phrygia was most likely located in Synnada. Hence, as an area with freedman procurators of its own, Phrygia occupied a special position in relation to most of the other sub-provinces of Asia Minor: no independent procurators are known for example for the sub-provinces Armenia Minor, Bithynia or Pamphylia. Rather, equestrian procurators governed several sub-provinces jointly. Of course, because of the special social status of the Phrygian procurators as liberti, it's not possible to define Phrygia's administrative status in analogy to the two Syrian sub-provinces Judaea and Commagene. However, under the financial and judicial administration of a freedman procurator Phrygia seems to have actually constituted an imperial "procuratorial province".
Keywords: Phrygia; Synnada; Takina; procurator; libertus Augusti; procuratorial province; eparchy.
F. F. Abbott – A. C. Johnson, Municipal Administration in the Roman Empire, New York 1968².
M. Alpers, Das nachrepublikanische Finanzsystem: Fiscus und Fisci in der frühen Kaiserzeit, Berlin 1995.
A. R. Birley, Hadrian: The Restless Emperor, London 1997.
M. T. Boatwright, Hadrian and the Cities of the Roman Empire, Princeton 2000.
G. Boulvert, Esclaves et affranchis impériaux sous le Haut-Empire romain. Rôle politique et administrative, Naples 1970.
G. W. Bowersock, Martyrdom and Rome, Cambridge 1995.
G. P. Burton, Proconsuls, Assizes and the Administration of Justice under the Empire, JRS 65, 1975, 92–106.
M. D. Campanile, Provincialis molestia. Note su Cicerone proconsole, in: B. Virgilio (ed.) Studi Ellenistici 13, Pisa 2001, 243–271.
M. Christol – Th. Drew-Bear, Une délimitation de territoire en Phrygie-Carie. Travaux et Recherches en Turquie 1982 (Collection Turcica 2), Leuven 1983, 23–42.
M. Christol – Th. Drew-Bear, Un castellum romain près d'Apamée de Phrygie, Vienna 1987.
M. Christol – T. Drew-Bear, De Lepcis Magna à Aizanoi: Hesperus procurateur de Phrygie et l'administration des carrières de marbre, in: J. Desmulliez – C. Hoët-Van Cauwenberghe (eds.), Le monde romain à travers l'épigraphie: méthodes et pratiques. Actes du XXIVe Colloque international de Lille, 8–10 November 2001, Lille 2005, 189–216.
S. Destephen, La frontière orientale de la province d'Asie: Le dossier de Takina, EA 40, 2007, 147–173.
M. Dräger, Die Städte der Provinz Asia in der Flavierzeit, Bern/Frankfurt am Main 1993.
Th. Drew-Bear, Nouvelles Inscriptions de Phrygie, Zutphen 1978.
T. Drew-Bear – Ch. Naour, Divinités de Phrygie, ANRW 2. 18,3, Berlin/New York 1990, 1907–2044.
W. Eck, Rom und Judaea, Tübingen 2007.
W. Eck, Die Verwaltung des römischen Reiches in der Hohen Kaiserzeit. Ausgewählte und erweiterte Beiträge 1, Basel 1995.
W. Eck, Die politisch-administrative Struktur der kleinasiatischen Provinzen während der hohen Kaiserzeit, in: G. Urso (ed.), Tra Oriente e Occidente. Indigeni, Greci e Romani in Asia Minore. Atti del convegno internazionale, Cividale del Friuli, 28–30 September 2006, Pisa 2007, 189–207.
P. Eich, Zur Metamorphose des politischen Systems in der römischen Kaiserzeit: die Entstehung einer "personalen Bürokratie" im langen dritten Jahrhundert, Berlin 2005.
R. Haensch, Capita provinciarum. Statthaltersitze und Provinzialverwaltung in der römischen Kaiserzeit, Mainz 1997.
R. Haensch, Zur Konventsordnung in Aegyptus und den übrigen Provinzen des römischen Reiches, in: B. Kramer (ed.) Akten des 21. Internationalen Papyrologenkongresses Berlin, 13–19 August 1995, Vol. 1, Stuttgart 1997, 320–391.
A. Hirt, Imperial Mines and Quarries in the Roman World: Organizational Aspects 27 BC–AD 235, Oxford 2010.
W. Judeich, Die Inschriften, in: C. Humann et al., Altertümer von Hierapolis, Berlin 1898, 67–202.
G. Kantor, Procuratorial Jurisdiction in the Lex Portorii Asiae, ZPE 179, 2011, 155–158.
G. Kantor, Law in Roman Phrygia: Rules and jurisdictions, in: P. Thonemann (ed.), Roman Phrygia: Culture and Society, Cambridge 2013, 143–166.
B. Levick, Claudius, London 1990.
Ch. Marek, Stadt, Ära und Territorium in Pontus-Bithynia und Nord-Galatia (IstForsch 39), Tübingen 1993.
Ch. Marek, Pontus et Bithynia. Die römischen Provinzen im Norden Kleinasiens, Mainz a. Rhein 2003.
Ch. Marek, Geschichte Kleinasiens in der Antike, Munich 2010.
A. J. Marshall, Governors on the Move, Phoenix 20. 3, 1966, 231–246.
G. Merola, Autonomia locale, governo imperiale. Fiscalità e amministrazione nelle province asiane, Bari 2001.
E. Meyer-Zwiffelhoffer, Πολιτικῶς ἄρχειν. Zum Regierungsstil der senatorischen Statthalter in den kaiserzeitlichen griechischen Provinzen, Stuttgart 2002.
S. Mitchell, The Administration of Roman Asia from 133 BC to AD 250, in: W. Eck et al. (eds.), Lokale Autonomie und römische Ordnungsmacht in den kaiserzeitlichen Provinzen vom 1. bis 3. Jahrhundert, Munich 1999, 17–46.
H.-G. Pflaum, Les carrières procuratoriennes équestres sous le haut-empire romain I–II, Paris 1960.
H.-G. Pflaum, in: Annuaire de l'École pratique des Hautes Etudes, 4, 1974/75, 368–371.
D. Potter, Procurators in Asia and Dacia under Marcus Aurelius: a Case Study of Imperial Initiative in Government, ZPE 123, 1998, 270–274.
B. Puech, Des cités-mères aux métropoles, in: S. Follet (ed.), L'hellénisme d'époque romaine: nouveaux documents, nouvelles approches (Ier s. a. C. – IIIe s. p. C.); actes du Colloque International à la Mémoire de Louis Robert, Paris, 7–8 July 2000, Paris 2004, 357–404.
J.-P. Rey-Coquais, Philadelphie de Coelésyrie, AAJ 25, 1981, 25–31.
L. Robert, La Carie, II, Le plateau de Tabai, Paris 1954.
E. Samama, Les médecins dans le monde grec: sources épigraphiques sur la naissance d'un corps medical, Geneva 2003.
M. Sartre, M. Sartre, Les manifestations du culte imperial dans les provinces syriennes et en Arabie, in: C. Evers ‑ A. Tsingarida (eds.) Rome et ses provinces. Genèse et diffusion d'une image du pouvoir, Brussels 2004, 167–186.
M. P. Speidel, The Soldiers' Home, in: W. Eck – H. Wolff (eds.), Heer und Integrationspolitik. Die römischen Militärdiplome als historische Quelle, Cologne 1986, 467–481.
M. P. Speidel, Roman Troops at Aulutrene. Observations on two Inscriptions, EA 10, 1987, 97–100.
M. A. Speidel, Kappadokien. Vom Königreich zur Provinz, in: Ioan Piso (ed.), Die römischen Provinzen. Begriff und Gründung, Cluj-Napoca 2008, 51–64.
M. Vitale, Zwei neue Prägephasen des «Koinon von Lycaonia» unter Antoninus Pius und Maximinus Thrax: Neue Erkenntnisse zum Landtag der Eparchie Lycaonia, SM 224, 2010, 103–111.
M. Vitale, Personifikationen von provinciae auf den Münzprägungen unter Hadrian: Auf den ikonographischen Spuren von 'Statthalterprovinzen' und 'Teilprovinzen', Klio 94.1, 2012, 156–174.
M. Vitale, Eparchie und Koinon in Kleinasien von der ausgehenden Republik bis ins 3. Jh. n. Chr. (AMS 67), Bonn 2012.
M. Vitale, Koinon Syrias: Priester, Gymnasiarchen und Metropoleis der Eparchien im kaiserzeitlichen Syrien, Berlin 2013.
R. Ziegler, Das Koinon der drei Eparchien Kilikien, Isaurien und Lykaonien im 2. und frühen 3. Jahrhundert n. Chr., AMS 34, 1999, 137‒153.


The 140 Twitter Conference arrives in the Hudson Valley on August 23rd and we are proud to be co-sponsoring the event along with our friends at DragonSearch, Chronogram, Blue Mountain Bistro and the Emerson Resort.
The conference, which will be held at the Seven21 Media Center, 721 Broadway, Kingston, will explore how social media is changing the way we live our lives especially in our rural environs outside of the big cities. Speakers will address a wide variety of questions and issues about how social media changes the way we do business, how we connect with others and how it effects our ideas and understanding of community.
Since 2009 Jeff Pulver has hosted numerous #140 Character Conferences around the world providing a unique opportunity for content users and creators to engage with each other and explore the effects of the real-time internet on individuals, business and society.The Kingston conference will cover a wide variety of topics including "How an online community bridges the gap between small towns and the global stage", "Finding Talent in the Hudson Valley", "How Special Media is changing the face of Health Care" to asking "When Should We Introduce Children to Social Media?"Speakers include Ric Dragon from DragonSearch, Ivan Lajara from the Daily Freeman, Lisa Barone and many, many more.
Register now for what is certain to be an informative, fun and engaging day!


text:
Q: WSL Run Service at Start I'm honestly not sure if this is an issue with WSL or I'm just doing something wrong for Ubuntu in general, but I cannot get the cron service to run at start on my WSL system.
It starts just fine with:
sudo service cron start

But it doesn't start at boot even after:
sudo update-rc.d cron defaults
sudo update-rc.d cron enable

Version:
$ uname -a
Linux PC-01 4.4.0-18362-Microsoft #476-Microsoft Fri Nov 01 16:53:00 PST 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS
Release:        18.04
Codename:       bionic

A: Old question that I just found when searching for a potential "duplicate" for another question that was just asked.  Putting the answer here since this one is the first search result for "wsl start services".
There's a current answer and a future answer (based on Windows 10/11 Preview versions of WSL currently available).
The current answer is that WSL doesn't have the concept of "startup services".  Microsoft's init process is neither a SysVinit nor a Systemd init like on "normal" Linux systems.
If you'd like to start the services automatically, there are currently two ways to do it, with a third coming in the next WSL release:

*

*Option 1:  Set up a Windows "Scheduled Task" to run on login (not boot):

*

*The task can be a "Basic Task" to

*"Start a Program"

*The the "Program" is wsl.exe

*And the "Arguments" should be -u root service cron start
That will run WSL at login as the root user (needed to start services) and run the service cron start command.  Of course, this can be modified to run any service that has an init.d script.  Note that this does not (at least currently) work if you schedule the task to run at Windows Boot, since WSL seems to have a requirement that the user be logged in in order to keep the process running in the background.

*

*Option 2:  Modify your shell startup to check if the service is running, and start it if needed.
In your startup (typically ~/.bashrc) add the following line:
wsl.exe -u root sh -c "service cron status || service cron start"

Under "normal" Linux, you'd need to visudo and give yourself permission to run the command without a password (or type the password each time you log in).  Using wsl.exe -u root from within WSL allows you to bypass this.

*

*Option 3:  A new feature in Windows 11 is the ability to specify startup tasks for WSL using the /etc/wsl.conf file.  If you have Windows 11, create that file with the following lines:
[boot]
command="service cron start"

According to the Microsoft doc, this will run the command as root when the WSL instance starts.
If you need to run multiple commands at WSL startup, separate them with semicolons in the same command line:
[boot]
command="service ssh start; service cron start"

A: This post helped my get what I was looking for however I needed to run multiple commands (start xrdp, tweak eth0 mtu, update resolv.conf) and running wsl.exe multiple times would instantiate multiple root logins causing some issues with file locking resolv.conf possibly because WSL does some setup at each login, not positive.
I am using wsl2 Kernel version: 5.10.102.1 Windows 10 with Ubuntu 20.04.5 LTS. My needs were

*

*Start xrdp (so I can connect to a gui session)

*Set eth0 mtu to 1350 (WSL had trouble with connectivity while on VPN due to mtu)

*Update resolv.conf with upstream resolvers (kept getting updated by WSL regardless of generateResolvConf = false in wsl.config)

So to expand on the answer from @NotTheDr01ds here is what I did.

*

*Put all commands in a new shell script .mystartup.sh in home directory

*Call .mystartup.sh as root from .profile
Here is what I added to .profile
# startup stuff
# run startup script as root
wsl.exe -u root /home/user/.mystartup.sh

And here is .mystartup.sh
# startup stuff
# service xrdp start
service xrdp status || service xrdp start

# setup lower mtu for vpn links
ifconfig eth0 mtu 1350
echo "eth0 mtu updated!"

# remove link to /run/resolvconf/resolv.conf & create new
rm -f /etc/resolv.conf
touch /etc/resolv.conf
chmod u+rwx,g+rwx,o+rx /etc/resolv.conf

# setup nameservers
echo "# this resolv.conf created using user .profile script" >> /etc/resolv.conf
echo "# wsl auto-generate must be disabled in /etc/wsl.config" >> /etc/resolv.conf
echo "nameserver 10.0.0.50" >> /etc/resolv.conf
echo "nameserver 10.0.0.51" >> /etc/resolv.conf
echo "resolv.conf modified with custom dns resolvers!"
echo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


MARTIN L. WEST is Senior Research Fellow, All Souls College, Oxford.
A magnificent achievement...As one would expect of a scholar of West's distinction these are accurate, keenly alive to each nuance of the Greek...Scholars owe a considerable debt of gratitude to West for [this] new Loeb.--Richard Whitaker "Scholia Reviews "
You can earn a 5% commission by selling Greek Epic Fragments: From the Seventh to the Fifth Centuries B.C. (Loeb Classical Library) on your website. It's easy to get started - we will give you example code. After you're set-up, your website can earn you money while you work, play or even sleep! You should start right now!


text:
Home CITY UPDATES New BBMP chief promises transparency in Covid procurements
New BBMP chief promises transparency in Covid procurements
Atul Chaturvedi
18 July 2020 9:00 PM
Soon after taking charge as BBMP commissioner N Manjunatha Prasad met Mayor M Goutham Kumar and discussed about posibility steps to be taken to curb the spread of Corona Virus on Saturday evening. (file pics)
Manjunatha Prasad says decisions will be taken only after consulting zonal in-charge ministers
BENGALURU:
For perhaps the first time in the history of BBMP, an incoming Commissioner had to take charge in the absence of the outgoing one. IAS officer N Manjunatha Prasad took over as BBMP chief on Saturday evening in the absence of outgoing Commissioner BH Anil Kumar.
Soon after taking charge, Manjunatha Prasad told theBengalurulive that total transparency would be maintained by the civic agency in the procurement of beds, mattresses, tables, chairs and other items needed to furnish the Covid Care Centres in the city.
Also Read: https://thebengalurulive.com/bbmp-chief-anil-kumar-shunted-out-predecessor-manjunath-prasad-back-in-saddle/
Also Read: https://thebengalurulive.com/are-mayor-bbmp-chief-super-cms/
Also Read: https://thebengalurulive.com/angry-cm-grills-bbmp-officials-for-rs-72-crore-waste-on-covid-care-centre/
Also Read: https://thebengalurulive.com/bengaluru-gets-huge-10100-bed-covid-care-centre/
Prasad said he was all too aware of the surge in Covid infections in Bengaluru city. "It's a pandemic and it's time to take everyone into confidence. I will personally be inspecting all the Covid Care Centres — BIEC, GKVK and others – on Sunday."
He said that with a view to maintaining transparency, every item purchased will be shown on the BBMP website and can be scrutinized by every citizen. Before finalising anything, it will be brought to the notice of all the eight zonal ministers who have been appointed to oversee Covid- related issues so that everyone is taken into confidence, he added.
First time in the history of BBMP, an incoming Commissioner had to take charge in the absence of the outgoing one.
Prasad thanked Chief Minister BS Yediyurappa for showing confidence in him and said he would not do anything to breach the CM's trust. "The Chief minister has expressed confidence in me and I will take all steps necessary to control the spread of the virus," he said.
Focus on death rate
The new BBMP chief said, "My aim will be to cut down the death rate in Bengaluru city. I'll be holding meetings with private hospitals to see that the death rate is brought under control. Patients should get timely admission in hospitals, which will curb the death rate. I have seen media reports and television channels which have shown how people are not getting timely treatment and admission in hospitals. Steps will taken and action will be initiated against hospitals denying patients treatment."
Replying to another query, he said, "No doubt, the number of positive cases was very much under control during the lockdown imposed by the Prime Minister, but later when the government allowed inter-state movement, the number of infections rose. Now we see a spike in positive cases."
He said, "Our aim will be ramp up testing and identify primary and secondary contacts early so that they can be given timely treatment," and added, "Another problem is that adequate manpower is not available in hospitals. I will try to rectify the situation by identifying who (medical staff) can be utilised for what purpose."
Previous articleCanine sleuth who's sniffed out 30 murder cases
Next article93 Covid deaths statewide; 2,125 fresh cases in Bengaluru, 4,537 statewide
Atul Chaturvedi has more than 20 years of experience and has worked with Republic TV, Times Network's Mirror Now News Channel, Times of India, Bangalore Mirror, Rajasthan Patrika Hindi newspaper and Sakal newspaper.
Sasikala's health normal and stable: Hospital
CM Stresses 'social Distancing'
The Bengaluru Live - 24 March 2020 12:00 AM
'Heirloom' hippo tusk stolen from Goan lady's home
The Bengaluru Live - 31 August 2020 6:00 AM
Sex racket busted, 27 women rescued
The Bengaluru Live - 3 July 2020 3:00 PM
No birthday or kitty parties, RWAs told
The Bengaluru Live - 9 June 2020 5:13 PM

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Easy and Delish
Healthy Global & Brazilian Food Made Easy & Delish
Meet Denise!
BRAZILIAN FOOD
How Many Sticks of Butter in a Cup?
How Many Teaspoons in a Tablespoon?
Temperature Conversion (Chart & Calculator)
US Cups to Ounces to Grams for Common Ingredients (Charts)
Volume Conversions (Table for Dry & Liquid Ingredients)
Baking Substitutions (with Charts & Tables)
Home > 20 Things to Do in Rio de Janeiro on a Budget
20 Things to Do in Rio de Janeiro on a Budget
Planning to travel to the 'Wonderful City'? Take a peek at this list of 20 Awesome Things to Do in Rio de Janeiro on a Budget. It'll make your eyes sparkle and shine!
Have you been dreaming of a happy summer trip or a warm place to visit during the holidays? Well, Rio is the place to be!
First of all, it's known as the 'Wonderful City' on account of its dazzling setting, outgoing people, and warm temps for most of the year. Plus, many of its tourist sites are either budget-friendly or completely free. Excited?!
Well then check out these 20 awesome things to do in Rio de Janeiro and find out why you may want to return there many times. Spoiler alert: it'll steal your heart!
1. Cristo Redentor (Christ The Redeemer)
Christ the Redeemer has been the main symbol of the city for decades. It's 30 meters (98 ft.) tall and sits atop the peak of the Corcovado mountain in the Tijuca Forest National Park.
It has come to be thought of as one of the wonders of the world, due to its panoramic view with jaw-dropping vistas from high above the city. A train takes you to the top of the mountain.
2. Pão de Acucar (Sugarloaf Mountain)
This steep dome rises to nearly 400 meters (1300 ft) above sea level and can be seen afar from Corcovado Mountain, where Christ the Redeemer is located. An all-glass cable car (bondinho) takes you to the top of the mountain, where you can see stunning 360° views of the surrounding city.
It has become part of a World Heritage Site declared by UNESCO in 2012.
3. Santa Teresa (Saint Teresa neighborhood)
Santa Teresa is one of the most bohemian neighborhoods in the city. Besides having gorgeous views, due to its location on top of a mountain, the neighborhood recalls the charm of the "old Rio de Janeiro." It is famous for its quaint air, rich culture, and cable tram (its trademark).
Moreover, Santa Teresa holds a plus for those into historical and cultural tours, such as visits to traditional workshops. Namely, many intellectuals, artists, and academics make their home in Santa Teresa.
4. Escadaria Selarón (Selaron Staircase)
Also known as the 'Selaron Steps,' this world-famous staircase has the colors of the Brazilian flag — green, yellow, white, and blue.
The steps, which straddle the Lapa and Santa Teresa neighborhoods, were built by the Chilean-born artist Jorge Selarón, who claimed it as his tribute to the Brazilian people.
They are vibrant and fun! Just like Rio itself!
5. Arcos da Lapa (Lapa Arches)
Located in a bohemian area of downtown, the Lapa Arches are in fact an aqueduct built in the mid 18th century in order to bring fresh water from the river to the city. It is a great example of colonial architecture and engineering.
But since the end of the 19th century the aqueduct serves as a bridge for a popular tram, the Santa Teresa trolley, which connects the city center with the Santa Teresa neighborhood up the hill.
6. Floresta da Tijuca (Tijuca Forest)
Also known as "Tijuca National Park," Tijuca Forest is one of the largest urban forests in the world and great for those looking for outdoor activities. It offers many nature trails preserved with great landscapes.
Besides the trails, there are caves, waterfalls, rivers, lakes and also places to rest or have a picnic.
7. Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas (Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon)
This lake is located in the South Zone of the city, ringed by the famous neighborhoods of Leblon, Copacabana and Ipanema. It is great place for jogging or biking (8 km perimeter), pedaling, sitting back to relax, or enjoying the tasty restaurants around the area.
8. Pedra da Gávea (Gavea Rock)
Courtesy of Joao Spencer and Clarice Costa
Located in Tijuca National Park, Pedra da Gávea is 844 meters above sea level and best known for its hang gliding. It's perfect for nature trekkers and offers great hiking, climbing and paragliding, all with great views of the city.
9. Jardim Botanico (Botanical Garden)
Created in 1808 by Emperor Dom João VI, the Botanical Garden is one of the most green spaces in Rio, with over 40,000 plants of 6,500 different species.
Among its highlights are the gorgeous rose garden, the lake with its Giant Victoria water lilies, as well as the greenhouse with carnivorous plants and the famous orchid garden.
The site also houses a sensory garden, created specially for the sight-impaired, with descriptions in Braille and plants that can be touched. Be sure to visit the Central Fountain, the Pylon House and the Japanese Garden.
10. Forte de Copacabana (Copacabana Fort)
Copacabana Fort is a military area created in the early 20th century to guard the entrance to Guanabara Bay.
It has the great Army History Museum. In addition, it offers a gorgeous view of Copacabana Beach, Leme, and Arpoador beach.
It also has one of the branches of the famous Confeitaria Colombo, with its delicious breakfast goods, baked treats, and even dishes for lunch.
11. Confeitaria Colombo (Colombo Bakery)
Traveling to Rio de Janeiro? You have to make a stop at Confeitaria Colombo!
Founded in 1894 and located in downtown Rio, it is one of the landmarks of the city and has been named as one of the 10 most beautiful cafés in the world.
It has two levels with imposing European architecture. Among its features are the interior halls' large crystal mirrors, wood furniture carved by artisan Antonio Borsoi, and skylight decorated with stained glass.
The bakery has even received visits by heads of states and famous writers and artists.
It offers a great range of savory and sweet pastries and other baked goods. The price depends on what you order.
Its pastel de nata (Portuguese custard tart) is the best! Above all, be sure to go early– otherwise you may encounter a huge line that trails outside the bakery!
12. National Library of Brazil
The National Library opened its doors in 1910 and is today considered the largest library in Latin America and the eighth largest in the world. Its holdings total more than 10 million works.
13. Sambódromo (Sambodrome)
The Sambadrome opened in 1984 and receives visits from tourists and locals all year round, looking to see in person its 700 meter (half a mile) samba catwalk.
The busiest time of the year is during Carnival, when the samba parades take place.
14. Copacabana (Praia e Calçada de Copacabana)
It's the most famous beach in Rio, with a 4 km (2.5 mile) long sidewalk — known for its black and white Portuguese pavement pattern of geometric waves designed by Roberto Burle Marx.
Copacabana Beach is also famous for women in tiny bikinis in the summertime and for its New Year's Eve celebrations.
15. Mirante Dona Marta (Lookout Dona Marta)
It's more than 360 meters (1180 ft) high, offering a panoramic view of the city, including Christ the Redeemer, Sugar Loaf Mountain, and Guanabara Bay. Moreover, there is also a heliport for a helicopter ride.
16. Estádio do Maracanã (Maracana Stadium)
If you are a soccer fan, it is a must to visit the largest stadium in Brazil. Maracanã has become a cultural and tourist destination, welcoming visitors even on days when no games or shows take place.
Take a guided tour to see the lawn, the stands, the locker room, the grandstand, the press room, and especially the Hall of Fame – which has the footprints of famous players.
17. Teatro Municipal (Municipal Theater)
This century-old theater was inspired by the Paris Opera House. It is majestic, with marble columns and staircases, as well as many sculptures and stained glass windows brought over from Europe.
Further, in 2009 it underwent restoration and managed to become even more beautiful.
18. Ipanema Beach
Located in the South Zone of the city, the beach became famous around the world due to the famous bossa nova song, "The Girl from Ipanema" ("Garota de Ipanema"), written by Antônio Carlos Jobim and Vinícius de Moraes.
Ipanema beach has elegant buildings, and pulses with social life. It is a popular spot for the locals, who love to play football (soccer), volleyball, and footvolley (a mixture of volleyball and football).
19. Local Bars and Typical Food
Bars or pubs in Rio are very popular among the locals at night and on weekends. Each person has his or her favorite, located in different neighborhoods.
The food is casual and can range from feijoada (bean and pork stew, considered to be Brazil's national dish) to savory pastries such as coxinha, as well as caipirinha (Brazil's national cocktail), super cold beer, and local music.
Prices depend on what/how much you order and the neighborhood. Moreover, the closer to the beach, the pricier.
Some bars are located in Bohemian neighboorhods like Santa Teresa and others near the beaches. Expect loud conversation and lots of fun!
20. Favela Tours (Slum or Community Tours)
Finally, there are more than 1,000 favelas in Rio itself. As a result of government neglect, they are mainly associated with poverty and drug traffic. But that's not all!
Indeed, some have became famous for their colorful art, homey food, and music — mostly funk, hip-hop, and samba.
Therefore several favelas offer tours, including Santa Marta where Michael Jackson filmed part of his music video "They Don't care About Us".
I hope you travel there and enjoy these 20 best things to do in Rio de Janeiro!
Other places to visit:
30 things to do in Norway
Please also check our annual calendar with Brazilian holidays. It will help you plan your trip better!
Hi, I'm Denise Browning!
I'm a professional Chef with an expertise in Brazilian food. I am also a busy mom of two girls, living in Texas. Here you will find budget-friendly, healthy Brazilian and Global Recipes made Easy and Delish! I'd love to help you feed your family healthy dinners (many low carb) with a few splurges because life is all about balance! Join our community and happy cooking!
Gluten FreeDairy FreeNut FreeSugar FreeLow CarbVegetarianVeganWhole30PaleoKeto
Subscribe for FREE Email Updates
Receive EASY & DELISH recipes for free every week! Please check our PRIVACY POLICY!
Click here & join us on PINTEREST
Visitors by Country
Recipes | Brazilian Recipes | Contact | Privacy Policy


steps for quarry business - bapanorg. how to start a rock quarry business, Outline all the steps you need to take to start your business What Is a Rock Quarry?
We offer a variety of boulders, steps and natural quarry rocks including limestone, sandstone and quarts. Visit our website today and see our gallery!
steps for quarry business - bapanorg. how to start a rock quarry business , Outline all the steps you need to take to start your business What Is a Rock Quarry?
Browse 23 Quarries for sale on ... a profit than if you started a quarry business from ... on buying a business and steps to owning your own business.
How To Make A Business Plan For A Quarry Feed Back. Step by step to starting a business online websites and posts on step . advice and ideas for starting a business .
How to Start a Quarry | eHow. A quarry business requires sufficient planning for it to succeed. You have to deal ... Outline all the steps you need to take to start your business.
At Vulcan Materials Company, our primary business is quarry mining. ... Braving the 186 steps - Quarry Magazine: Quarry Mining and Aggregate News. Read More.
conference investment extract minerals coal PWC price waterhouse cooper gold steps quarry mining. ... the individual assesses the financial implications of the business.
standard operating procedures mining company- steps requirements and procedures for setting up a quarry ... setting up a quarry steps on ... quarry business.
2 GRANITE QUARRYING AND PROCESSING OPERATIONS 2 ... Quarry Backfilling ... As shown in Figure 1, the first step in quarrying is to gain access to the granite deposit.
How to Start a Quarry Business in Nigeria ... In the very lucrative quarry business, ... The following steps are required to successfully run your own quarry.


text:
/**
 * Controller for handling basic camera events on a Landmarker.
 *
 * A landmarker in general has complex state - what landmarks are selected,
 * what mesh is being used, lighting arrangements, and so on. The camera's
 * behavior however is simple - in response to certain mouse and touch
 * interactions, the camera is rotated, zoomed, and panned around some sort of
 * target. This class encapsulates this behavior.
 *
 * Takes a camera object as it's first parameter, and optionally a domElement to
 * attach to (if none provided, the document is used).
 *
 * Hooks up the following callbacks to the domElement:
 *
 * - focus(target)  // refocus the camera on a new target
 * - pan(vector)  // pan the camera along a certain vector
 * - zoom(vector)  // zoom the camera along a certain vector
 * - rotate(delta)  // rotate the camera around the target
 *
 * Note that other more complex behaviors (selecting and repositioning landmarks
 * for instance) can disable the Controller temporarily with the enabled
 * property.
 */
'use strict';

import _ from 'underscore';
import * as THREE from 'three';
import $ from 'jquery';
import Backbone from 'backbone';

const MOUSE_WHEEL_SENSITIVITY = 0.5;
const ROTATION_SENSITIVITY = 3.5;
const DAMPING_FACTOR = 0.2;
const PIP_ZOOM_FACTOR = 12.0;
// const EPS = 0.000001;

// see https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WheelEvent.deltaMode
const UNITS_FOR_MOUSE_WHEEL_DELTA_MODE = {
    0: 1.0, // The delta values are specified in pixels.
    1: 34.0, // The delta values are specified in lines.
    2: 1.0 // The delta values are specified in pages.
};

export default function CameraController (pCam, oCam, oCamZoom, domElement) {

    const controller = {};
    _.extend(controller, Backbone.Events);

    const STATE = {
        NONE: -1,
        ROTATE: 0,
        ZOOM: 1,
        PAN: 2
    };

    let state = STATE.NONE; // the current state of the Camera
    let canRotate = true;
    let enabled = false; // note that we will enable on creation below!

    const target = new THREE.Vector3(); // where the camera is looking

    const origin = {
        target: target.clone(),
        pCamPosition: pCam.position.clone(),
        pCamUp: pCam.up.clone(),
        oCamPosition: oCam.position.clone(),
        oCamUp: oCam.up.clone(),
        oCamZoomPosition: oCamZoom.position.clone()
    };

    let height = 0, width = 0;

    function focus (newTarget) {
        // focus all cameras at a new target.
        target.copy(newTarget || origin.target);
        pCam.lookAt(target);
        oCam.lookAt(target);
        oCamZoom.lookAt(target);
    }

    function reset (newPosition, newTarget, newCanRotate) {
        state = STATE.NONE;
        allowRotation(newCanRotate);
        position(newPosition);
        pCam.up.copy(origin.pCamUp);
        oCam.up.copy(origin.oCamUp);
        focus(newTarget);
    }

    function position (v) {
        // position all cameras at a new location.
        pCam.position.copy(v || origin.pCamPosition);
        oCam.position.copy(v || origin.oCamPosition);
        oCamZoom.position.copy(v || origin.oCamZoomPosition);
    }

    function allowRotation (allowed=true) {
        canRotate = allowed;
    }

    function disable () {
        console.log('camera: disable');
        enabled = false;
        $(domElement).off('mousedown.camera');
        $(domElement).off('wheel.camera');
        $(document).off('mousemove.camera');
    }

    function enable () {
        if (!enabled) {
            console.log('camera: enable');
            enabled = true;
            $(domElement).on('mousedown.camera', onMouseDown);
            $(domElement).on('wheel.camera', onMouseWheel);
        }
    }

    function resize (w, h) {
        const aspect = w / h;
        height = h;
        width = w;

        // 1. Update the orthographic camera
        if (aspect > 1) {
            // w > h
            oCam.left = -aspect;
            oCam.right = aspect;
            oCam.top = 1;
            oCam.bottom = -1;
        } else {
            // h > w
            oCam.left = -1;
            oCam.right = 1;
            oCam.top = 1 / aspect;
            oCam.bottom = -1 / aspect;
        }
        oCam.updateProjectionMatrix();

        // 2. Update the perceptive camera
        pCam.aspect = aspect;
        pCam.updateProjectionMatrix();
    }

    const tvec = new THREE.Vector3(); // a temporary vector for efficient maths
    const tinput = new THREE.Vector3(); // temp vec used for

    const normalMatrix = new THREE.Matrix3();

    // mouse tracking variables
    const mouseDownPosition = new THREE.Vector2();
    const mousePrevPosition = new THREE.Vector2();

    // Mouses position when in the middle of a click operation.
    const mouseCurrentPosition = new THREE.Vector2();

    // Mouses position hovering over the surface
    const mouseHoverPosition = new THREE.Vector2();
    const mouseMoveDelta = new THREE.Vector2();

    function pan (distance) {
        // first, handle the pCam...
        const oDist = distance.clone();
        normalMatrix.getNormalMatrix(pCam.matrix);
        distance.applyMatrix3(normalMatrix);
        distance.multiplyScalar(distanceToTarget() * 0.001);
        pCam.position.add(distance);
        // TODO should the target change as this?!
        target.add(distance);

        // second, the othoCam
        const o = mousePositionInOrthographicView(oDist);
        // relative x movement * otho width = how much to change horiz
        const deltaH = o.xR * o.width;
        oCam.left += deltaH;
        oCam.right += deltaH;
        // relative y movement * otho height = how much to change vert
        const deltaV = o.yR * o.height;
        oCam.top += deltaV;
        oCam.bottom += deltaV;
        oCam.updateProjectionMatrix();
        controller.trigger('change');
    }

    function zoom (distance) {
        const scalar = distance.z * 0.0007;
        // First, handling the perspective matrix
        normalMatrix.getNormalMatrix(pCam.matrix);
        distance.applyMatrix3(normalMatrix);
        distance.multiplyScalar(distanceToTarget() * 0.001);
        pCam.position.add(distance);

        // Then, the orthographic. In general, we are just going to squeeze in
        // the bounds of the orthographic frustum to zoom.
        if (oCam.right - oCam.left < 0.001 && scalar < 0) {
            // trying to zoom in and we are already tight. return.
            return;
        }

        // Difference must respect aspect ratio, otherwise we will distort
        const a = ((oCam.top - oCam.bottom)) / (oCam.right - oCam.left);

        // find out where the mouse currently is in the view.
        const oM = mousePositionInOrthographicView(mouseHoverPosition);

        // overall difference in height scale is scalar * 2, but we weight
        // where this comes off based on mouse position
        oCam.left -= (scalar * oM.xR) / (a);
        oCam.right += (scalar * (1 - oM.xR)) / (a);
        oCam.top += scalar * oM.yR;
        oCam.bottom -= scalar * (1 - oM.yR);
        if (oCam.left > oCam.right) {
            oCam.left = oCam.right - 0.0001;
        }
        if (oCam.bottom > oCam.top) {
            oCam.bottom = oCam.top - (0.0001 * a);
        }
        oCam.updateProjectionMatrix();
        // call the mouse hover callback manually, he will trigger a change
        // for us. Little nasty, but we mock the event...
        onMouseMoveHover({
            pageX: mouseHoverPosition.x,
            pageY: mouseHoverPosition.y
        });
        controller.trigger('change');
    }

    function distanceToTarget () {
        return tvec.subVectors(target, pCam.position).length();
    }

    const pVec = new THREE.Vector3();
    // const sVec = new THREE.Vector3();

    function projectMouseOnSphere (px, py) {
        pVec.set(
            (px - width / 2) / (width / 2),
            (height - 2 * py) / screen.width,
            0
        );

        return pVec;
    }

    // function projectMouseOnScreen (px, py) {
    //
    // }

    // Rotation specific values
    let lastAngle, angle;
    const lastAxis = new THREE.Vector3();
    const quaternion = new THREE.Quaternion();
    const targetDirection = new THREE.Vector3();
    const axis = new THREE.Vector3();
    const upDirection = new THREE.Vector3();
    const sidewaysDirection = new THREE.Vector3();
    const moveDirection = new THREE.Vector3();

    function rotateCamera (delta, camera, singleDir=false) {

        let _delta;
        if (singleDir) {
            if (Math.abs(delta.x) >= Math.abs(delta.y)) {
                _delta = new THREE.Vector3(delta.x, 0, 0);
            } else {
                _delta = new THREE.Vector3(0, delta.y, 0);
            }
        } else {
            _delta = delta;
        }

        angle = _delta.length();
        tvec.copy(camera.position).sub(target);

        if (angle) {

            targetDirection.copy(tvec).normalize();

            upDirection.copy(camera.up).normalize();
            sidewaysDirection.crossVectors(upDirection, targetDirection)
                             .normalize();

            upDirection.setLength(_delta.y);
            sidewaysDirection.setLength(_delta.x);

            moveDirection.copy(upDirection.add(sidewaysDirection));
            axis.crossVectors(moveDirection, tvec).normalize();

            quaternion.setFromAxisAngle(axis, angle);
            tvec.applyQuaternion(quaternion);
            camera.up.applyQuaternion(quaternion);

            lastAxis.copy(axis);
            lastAngle = angle;
        } else if (lastAngle) {
            lastAngle *= Math.sqrt(1.0 - DAMPING_FACTOR);
            quaternion.setFromAxisAngle(lastAxis, lastAngle);
            tvec.applyQuaternion(quaternion);
            camera.up.applyQuaternion(quaternion);
        }

        camera.position.copy(target).add(tvec);
        camera.lookAt(target);
    }

    function rotate (delta, singleDir=false) {
        rotateCamera(delta, pCam, singleDir);
        rotateCamera(delta, oCam, singleDir);
        rotateCamera(delta, oCamZoom, singleDir);
        controller.trigger('change');
    }

    // mouse
    function onMouseDown (event) {
        console.log('camera: mousedown');
        if (!enabled) {
            return;
        }

        event.preventDefault();

        switch (event.button) {
            case 0:
                if (!canRotate) {
                    state = STATE.PAN;
                } else {
                    state = STATE.ROTATE;
                }
                break;
            case 1:
                state = STATE.ZOOM;
                break;
            case 2:
                state = STATE.PAN;
                break;
        }

        if (state === STATE.ROTATE) {
            mouseDownPosition.copy(projectMouseOnSphere(event.pageX,
                                                        event.pageY));
        } else {
            mouseDownPosition.set(event.pageX, event.pageY);
        }

        mousePrevPosition.copy(mouseDownPosition);
        mouseCurrentPosition.copy(mousePrevPosition);

        $(document).on('mousemove.camera', onMouseMove);
        // listen once for the mouse up
        $(document).one('mouseup.camera', onMouseUp);
    }

    function onMouseMove (event) {

        event.preventDefault();

        if (state === STATE.ROTATE) {
            mouseCurrentPosition.copy(
                projectMouseOnSphere(event.pageX, event.pageY));
        } else {
            mouseCurrentPosition.set(event.pageX, event.pageY);
        }

        mouseMoveDelta.subVectors(mouseCurrentPosition, mousePrevPosition);

        switch (state) {
            case STATE.ROTATE:
                tinput.copy(mouseMoveDelta);
                tinput.z = 0;
                tinput.multiplyScalar(ROTATION_SENSITIVITY);
                rotate(tinput, event.ctrlKey);
                break;
            case STATE.ZOOM:
                tinput.set(0, 0, mouseMoveDelta.y);
                zoom(tinput);
                break;
            case STATE.PAN:
                tinput.set(-mouseMoveDelta.x, mouseMoveDelta.y, 0);
                pan(tinput);
                break;
        }

        mousePrevPosition.copy(mouseCurrentPosition);
    }

    function mousePositionInOrthographicView (v) {
        // convert into relative coordinates (0-1)
        var x = v.x / domElement.offsetWidth;
        var y = v.y / domElement.offsetHeight;
        // get the current height and width of the orthographic
        var oWidth = oCam.right - oCam.left;
        var oHeight = oCam.top - oCam.bottom;

        // so in this coordinate ortho matrix is focused around
        var oX = oCam.left + x * oWidth;
        var oY = oCam.bottom + (1 - y) * oHeight;

        return {
            x: oX,
            y: oY,
            xR: x,
            yR: y,
            width: oWidth,
            height: oHeight
        };
    }

    function onMouseMoveHover (event) {
        mouseHoverPosition.set(event.pageX, event.pageY);
        var oM = mousePositionInOrthographicView(mouseHoverPosition);

        // and new bounds are
        var zH = oM.height / PIP_ZOOM_FACTOR;
        // TODO this assumes square PIP image
        var zV = zH;
        // reconstructing bounds is easy...
        const zHm = zH / 2,
            zVm = zV / 2;
        oCamZoom.left = oM.x - (zHm);
        oCamZoom.right = oM.x + (zHm);
        oCamZoom.top = oM.y + (zVm);
        oCamZoom.bottom = oM.y - (zVm);
        oCamZoom.updateProjectionMatrix();
        // emit a special change event. If the viewport is
        // interested (i.e. we are in PIP mode) it can update
        controller.trigger('changePip');
    }

    function onMouseUp (event) {
        console.log('camera: up');
        event.preventDefault();
        $(document).off('mousemove.camera');
        state = STATE.NONE;
    }

    function onMouseWheel (event) {
        //console.log('camera: mousewheel');
        if (!enabled) {
            return;
        }
        // we need to check the deltaMode to determine the scale of the mouse
        // wheel reading.
        var scale = UNITS_FOR_MOUSE_WHEEL_DELTA_MODE[event.originalEvent.deltaMode];
        tinput.set(0, 0, (-event.originalEvent.deltaY * MOUSE_WHEEL_SENSITIVITY * scale));
        zoom(tinput);
    }

    // touch
    const touch = new THREE.Vector3();
    const prevTouch = new THREE.Vector3();
    let prevDistance = null;

    function touchStart (event) {
        if (!enabled) {
            return;
        }
        const touches = event.touches;
        switch (touches.length) {
            case 2:
                var dx = touches[0].pageX - touches[1].pageX;
                var dy = touches[0].pageY - touches[1].pageY;
                prevDistance = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
                break;
        }
        prevTouch.set(touches[0].pageX, touches[0].pageY, 0);
    }

    function touchMove (event) {
        if (!enabled) {
            return;
        }
        event.preventDefault();
        event.stopPropagation();
        var touches = event.touches;
        touch.set(touches[0].pageX, touches[0].pageY, 0);
        switch (touches.length) {
            case 1:
                const delta = touch.sub(prevTouch).multiplyScalar(0.005);
                delta.setY(-1 * delta.y);
                rotate(delta);
                break;
            case 2:
                var dx = touches[0].pageX - touches[1].pageX;
                var dy = touches[0].pageY - touches[1].pageY;
                var distance = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
                zoom(new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, prevDistance - distance));
                prevDistance = distance;
                break;
            case 3:
                pan(touch.sub(prevTouch).setX(-touch.x));
                break;
        }
        prevTouch.set(touches[0].pageX, touches[0].pageY, 0);
    }

    //TODO should this always be enabled?
    domElement.addEventListener('touchstart', touchStart, false);
    domElement.addEventListener('touchmove', touchMove, false);

    // enable everything on creation
    enable();
    $(domElement).on('mousemove.pip', onMouseMoveHover);

    controller.allowRotation = allowRotation;
    controller.enable = enable;
    controller.disable = disable;
    controller.resize = resize;
    controller.focus = focus;
    controller.position = position;
    controller.reset = reset;

    return controller;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Faith in Business, Foster Care
This is a story about a Girl and her Truck
February 27, 2020 by Tara Wall | Consider the Fields
Those are the best kinds of stories.
Our daughter Abby got her license today.
Whoever has older kids than us already knows how we felt in that moment.
Whoever has younger kids than us is headed there soon enough.
I would have to start by saying that our Abby is such a bright, shining star in our lives. Creative, talented, kind and giving, she is an absolute blessing in our lives. Even navigating the torrential teenage waters with her has truly been a gift. Sure, we have our moments where I clench my jaw and inwardly beg God for more patience as I use the last of my self control to keep from outwardly rolling my eyes and inadvertently set off an emotional hand grenade, but as far as kids go, she is the best of the best.
She has always been on her own path, dancing to the beat of a different drum, and making her own music when she got bored of that, too.
She has many friends that adore her, both older and younger, but she has always struggled with that crucial "best friend" piece of the pie, where she would be able to lean on and look to another girl her age rather than finding no one to hang out with when it came time for a sleepover.
I don't know of any greater heartache than watching your child struggle to find their place in this world.
A part of me was agonizing over her lonliness and another part of me jumping at any opportunity to cultivate a new friendship for her. Sleepover? Sure! I'll go buy ALL the cookies and glow sticks and rent ALL the movies to ensure a happy memory for a moment.
Another part of me was screaming inwardly as a grown woman staring at this younger version of my childhood, watching this next generation and knowing I had a choice in how I cultivated it: You don't NEED a best friend, girl! Just WAIT until you get older, then it will all work out! You are AMAZING and don't let anybody tell you otherwise!
Nobody WAS telling her otherwise. We all know the voices in our head do a fine enough job of pulling us down in spite of ourselves.
As we worked through those tough years together, something altogether completely different was growing in the meantime: our friendship. She had me, and I had her. Now I am not a fan of parents befriending their children in a way that they become equals and the child loses out on a parent figure and the peace of boundaries, but that wasn't the kind of friends that Abby and I were becoming. We were the kind who had been through STUFF together.
You know what I'm talking about. In her loneliness, I was there to cheer her on. In her triumphs, I was there to celebrate. In the awkward moments, it was me walking her through. One year I literally had to take her out of school and together we worked through two years of curriculum to get her in a higher grade level where she better belonged.
[Let me be perfectly clear, I am NOT the homeschool type of mom. I love my children fiercely, but never dreamed of being so heavily responsible for my kids' education. This was a necessity for Abby at the time, no different than any one of you moms out there would do for your kids if that's what they needed. With a toddler at home. And a job.]
We made it through. It was tough, it was not pleasant, but we made it through. Looking back now, I'm sure there's many things we both would do differently, but in any good relationship, it's the STUFF that makes it great. It's the STUFF that proves you went through and you still survived.
It was during this time in her life that some other sad things were happening. Tim's dad was diagnosed with cancer, and while he fought, we made some shift changes to spend some extra time with him while we had it. We bought a pop up camper and went camping together when our baby Caleb was just six weeks old, using an empty suitcase as his bed. I won't tell you how many postpartum and hormonal tears I cried as I laid exhausted in bed every night, but I would not trade any of that hardness for even one lunch by the fire with Tim's dad as I used the quickie pie maker to try to entice him to eat a sandwich as he rested in his favorite anti-gravity chair.
Being the oldest at home during that time gave Abby an unfair advantage with her grandpa Andy. Being the first grandbaby in a long time on that side of the family, we enjoyed the overwhelming spoiling of her in those first couple years: they would make trips 600 miles down to see us and visit for a few days at a time. We would visit parks, go out to eat, and Grandpa Andy and Grandma Max would laugh until they cried at the cutest little Abby who played with her pasta noodles in a highchair at Olive Garden. It was wonderful.
Times changed and more grandbabies came and then came the C-word diagnosis. Grandpa Andy was so brave, and he fought hard for another couple years of his life. Abby was old enough to understand a lot of what was happening, and the unfamiliar road of scary stuff was already known to her, so she really stepped up to cherish those last couple years. It was so bittersweet.
Tim was very aware of the hourglass sand running through the days, and he would drive up to NY several times in that season to be able to take his dad to his chemo treatments and try to help around the house. He could get straight answers from Grandma Max and try to relieve even just a moment of her caretaker responsibilities that way, and try to understand where they were at as best as he could.
Grandpa Andy bought a new truck in those last years. It was a beautiful black 2008 Dodge Pickup with the bench seat in the back. He had never bought a new truck before, and he was so, so proud of it. Our hearts were filled to see him love something so much. He was a strong and simple man, quiet and steady. He did not ask much of anything, so to see him light up over it made us smile.
One of the weekends Tim drove up there was a very difficult trip. It was a cold, harsh winter in Western New York, and it was probably the bitterness of chemo that hurt worse than the weather, but it was tough just the same.
Grandpa Andy wanted to take his truck to the treatment center, and they started out with just some small talk. At one point, Tim told his dad he was sorry that he couldn't be closer, couldn't be more help, but Grandpa Andy just nodded and smiled. "That's alright," he answered. "When you're not here, Jesus is usually sitting right there in your seat."
For a man of few words to open up about anything that had to do with politics or religion or any of the other things our parents told us not to discuss, it really was short of a miracle, and Tim held on to that conversation for the rest of that season, and it carried him through some very dark times he would have to face soon after.
Saying goodbye to Grandpa Andy was so, so hard because we never thought we'd live far away from our families. All the things we took for granted and all the memories we still wanted to make were all gone in one small word: goodbye.
We knew we had a hope and a promise that we would see him again someday, and we were so grateful to be a part of his Celebration of Life service, but when we got back home, the grief was like a silent intruder in our home, lurking, dark and black, constantly weighing down every corner of our hearts. It shut Tim off and made him shut me out. In all our years of marriage, NOTHING had come between the two of us, and now here we were in the middle of this broken space, trying to exist in the middle of pain he could not even find words for.
Slowly, slowly we walked through the grief and over time the memories became more sweet than bitter.
As we got past the one year anniversary of his passing, Grandma Max got the strength to sort through some of necessary things to try to begin the next phase of her life.
She wanted to sell the truck.
The first minute I found out, I knew we had to have it. I didn't even really want to discuss it with Tim because I was so sure it was the right thing to do and so worried he could not yet see clearly, I secretly just started forming my own plan. I called my banker friend to see about out-of-state loans, called the NYS DMV to see about the transfer process, and called Tim's brothers to make sure they were all okay with the deal.
All signs pointed to YES. The purchase of the truck brought a type of redemption to our hearts that we really needed, and I knew I was doing the thing and going to be there for all of it.
Abby went with me on the trip that I sneaked up to NY on what Tim thought was a simple girls weekend away, in which we brought that truck home to surprise him.
It was one of the craziest and happiest things I have ever done, but I knew it was right and I knew it had to be done.
It was a place of comfort or home or a reminder of a legacy that could carry on, even in the middle of the loss we were dealing with.
I still don't know exactly what it was, but I'm glad I did it.
For those next few years, if Tim was in a tough place or just needed a longer commute home than walking down the hill from the shop to our house, he would hop in that truck and DRIVE.
He thinks when he drives, and he processes when he drives. And each time he climbed in, he thought of Jesus in the passenger seat and he would open the center console to see his dad's last receipt from a trash drop off and the door handles Tim never replaced for him while he was still alive. They got a few chuckles over the parts jangling in the bottom of the console once in awhile, but they are still there to this day, making peace with the unfinished business we may have in our hearts.
A year or so ago, as we were drowning in foster care challenges as great as our financial desperation, Tim felt forced to sell the truck to pay off some debt.
Several people instantly replied to the sale, but the truck mysteriously broke down and we parked it in a back corner of our minds until we came through some of the trenches.
As hope slowly started to come back in to our lives, we turned around and found ourselves getting out of debt, watching our foster babies heal and head to adoption… and our other kids had grown up in and through it all.
Abby was about to get her license and we had to decide.
In so many ways, made sense. Her love for her grandpa and the sentiment the truck had for her, the memories and the gift that had been passed down…
We had to do it.
She begged us to sell it to her and offered to drain her savings. We told her to hold on so we could assess the repairs and decide together.
As she studied and worked and saved, we secretly fixed the truck and assembled a plan.
The day of her actual road test, I ran to the store while the kids were in school to try to pull together the biggest bow and ribbon I could find, and maybe a keychain to commemorate the event.
As my other kids learned of the surprise, they rallied to decorate the truck while she was at her test, and I dashed downstairs to put an "A" sticker on the key chain to personalize it.
I dug through the craft bins searching for the perfect one, and as I stuck that letter "A" on there, my breath choked on the irony of her Grandpa Andy, then my son Andrew Benjamin, named after him, while my Abby carried that same initial that I was now attaching to his original key chain of his original truck that he had purchased brand new for the first time in his life, just a few years before he passed away.
As she returned from her road test, she saw a gift of a dream come true.
Today we came full circle and our hearts were healed one step further as we passed down a legacy.
All those days of loneliness and all those awkward years of stumbling just made her draw closer to the Lord and to us, her parents.
All the hurt and pain and uncertainty of who she was had come in to a moment where we knew that she had gained so, so much more than any childhood memory she may have thought lost.
In all those different days walking on a different path writing a different story, hers came through to be the best gift, because she gained so much more than any normal childhood could have brought her.
She had a stability and a relationship and a legacy that could not have been gained any other way.
I felt like she had come full circle and we gave her a pair of wings as we gave her that truck as her own.
As parents, I don't know if you ever REALLY know if you got it right. I mean, I'm not sure there has ever been a moment that I knew that I knew that yeah, we definitely did the right thing.
But in that moment, as we watched Abby cry tears of joy and disbelief that yes, not only was the truck staying in the family but yes, it belonged to her to be free to find her way, her friends, her schooling, her dreams, her way of blessing the world…
I knew it had to be done, and I knew it was right.
In Loving Memory of Grandpa Andy
To watch the vlog Tim made of that special day, click here for it all.
One thought on "This is a story about a Girl and her Truck"
Linda Wood
Commented 3 years ago
What a beautiful memorial. You had me in tears.
Reply to Linda
Weekly Post Scheduler for Social Media!!!
Our Family Adventure to Great Wolf Lodge


text:
D.C. Circuit Opinion Rules That Lacrosse Officials in Pennsylvania Are Independent Contractors
Lacrosse Litigation
The D.C. Circuit ruled on June 14, 2019, that lacrosse officials working for the Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association (PIAA) are independent contractors and not employees. This ruling deems the officials ineligible to organize under the National Labor Relations Act, according to an opinion filed by Circuit Judge Thomas B. Griffith last Friday. Despite the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) agreeing to declare the workers "employees" under their own standards, a three-judge D.C. Circuit panel determined that the NLRB did not account for the infrequency…
DC lacrosse unionization
NLRB Opens its Doors to Protect College Football Players as Employees
On January 31, 2017, the general counsel of the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB or Board) released a memo which stated it believed football players at private colleges qualify as employees. The Board declined to answer this question in 2015 when they dismissed a unionization effort by players at Northwestern University, citing concerns of instability if such a decision was rendered that only pertained to private universities. However, a recent decision by the NLRB that found in favor of graduate teaching assistants challenging their status…
employees football players National Labor Relations Board NCAA NLRB Northwestern University unionization
NLRB Ends Northwestern Football Players' Attempt at Unionization
A unanimous decision by the National Labor Relations Board on Monday ended the Northwestern University scholarship football players' bid to unionize without addressing the key issue that has plagued collegiate athletics for so many years: whether college athletes are employees and entitled to such compensation. The case was brought before the five-member board for review after an NLRB regional director found that the football players who put in "more hours than 'many undisputed full-time employees' work" are employees and thus can unionize. According to the…
NCAA NLRB Northwestern unionization


We search over 1,800 loans with exclusive rates for homeowners.
No upfront fees, hidden costs or charges.
❝ I cannot begin to tell you how amazing my experience of this fantastic company was!
Whether you need a homeowner loan or a mortgage on a property, all our quotes are free and given with pleasure.
Unlike a lot of sites, we only partner with legitimate lenders. We wont give your details to other brokers or intermediaries.
Our lending partners and loan.co.uk use a soft search to check eligibility, so there is no effect on your credit score.
Fill out our online application form to get things moving. We will find the lowest rate homeowner loan that suites you best.
Good to go? Now's the time to make sure that you're happy with your homeowner loan and rate. And you're confident that you can afford the repayments.
Taking out a large loan? Our lender will give you a quick call to discuss the homeowner loan. It'll only take a few minutes and protects you and the lender.
And it's done! Your homeowner loan will land directly in your bank account, ready for you to enjoy. And things will be even simpler if you fancy using our service again.
A homeowner loan (second charge mortgage) is a loan available to homeowners only. It enables you to borrow money against the value of your property as long as you have equity in it. This type of loan can enable you to borrow more, over a longer term and at a lower interest rate than an unsecured loan (such as a personal loan). This can mean lower monthly payments. They can be a great alternative to a remortgage. Especially if you'd face penalties for repaying your current mortgage, if your circumstances have changed or the rates on offer are higher than that you're already paying.
A homeowner loan almost anything, but they're typically useful for people needing access to money but without a good credit rating. Many people use homeowner loans to consolidate debt (pay off lots of loans and credit card balances) or to make home improvements.
Your mortgage and homeowner loan are completely separate, so any mortgage deal you have in place isn't affected. But remember that your mortgage and your amount of equity in your property might affect how much you can borrow with a homeowner loan in the first place.
How does a homeowner loan work?
Homeowner loans are a type of secured loan that is secured against your property. This means that the property is used as collateral.
Homeowner loans are often taken out in addition to an existing mortgage. This means that the mortgage is the first borrowing against the property, known as the 'first charge', with the homeowner loan as the second borrowing or 'second charge'. That is why homeowner loans are sometimes known as 'second charge mortgages' or 'second mortgages'. They are also known as home equity loans, as they use your home's equity (the value of your interest in your home) as collateral.
How much can I borrow with a second charge loan?
You can borrow between £10,000 and £10,000,000.
You can usually borrow up nearly the amount as you have equity in your property. 'Equity' means the proportion of your property that you own outright, free and clear of a mortgage or other loans secured against it. A secured homeowner loan usually offers flexible repayment terms, so you could choose to spread your repayments over a longer period than is usually possible with an unsecured loan.
Be sure to only borrow the amount you need and over the shortest time period you can afford, as a secured loan is secured against your home, so if you miss repayments it could put your property at risk.
Do I need a deposit for a homeowner loan?
No, you are not using the loan to purchase an asset, such as with a mortgage, so a deposit is not required.
What will lenders look at when deciding if I'm eligible for a homeowner loan?
Typically, they will look at your credit history and credit score, but in this case, because the loan is secured on your house, the lenders will also want to know the value of the property and the sum still outstanding on the mortgage (if anything) and whether there are any other loans secured on the property.
What would I use a secured homeowner loan for?
A homeowner loan, sometimes known as a second charge mortgage or a secured loan, can be used for almost anything. The most common reasons are debt consolidation, home improvements or large personal purchases.
If you're looking to consolidate your existing debts, such as credit cards and high rate loans, you can take advantage of a lower interest rate and cut the amount going out on monthly repayments.
Why would I choose a secured homeowner loan?
The rates are normally very competitive and if you are a homeowner and need to borrow more the about £35,000 then a lender would normally want security to make sure they get repaid.
As the equity you have in your property is used to guarantee your repayments, homeowner loans are a good option if you have a poor credit history or are self-employed and would otherwise struggle to get approval for a large loan at a good rate.
How is the second charge mortgage repaid?
As with most types of loan, the repayments will be collected automatically via Direct Debit. The interest rate and amount will typically be fixed for the duration of the loan, making it easy for you to budget for it.
How long is the repayment period?
Just like mortgages, homeowner loans offer long-term borrowing. At Loan.co.uk our l homeowner loan terms range from five to 35 years.
What happens if I can't repay the loan?
You could reach out to the lender to explain why you are having problems repaying the loan. Based on this, they may work with you on a suitable repayment plan. But, if you don't work with the lender and continue to miss payments, they could repossess your home as a last resort. That is because with a homeowner loan, you are essentially promising to use your property to pay the money back if you cannot make the repayments.


text:
City vies for state grant to help renovate NW…
Torrance treasurer recall
Lomita shooting
Torrance splash pad shutdowns
Man charged in San Pedro sons' drowning deaths
Slay Steak + Fish House
City vies for state grant to help renovate NW Pasadena neighborhood
By Brenda Gazzar | bgazzar@scng.com | Daily News
PUBLISHED: August 18, 2010 at 12:00 am | UPDATED: September 6, 2017 at 8:59 am
PASADENA – Over the past four decades, Ishmael Trone has seen it all at the corner of Orange Grove Boulevard and Raymond Avenue – shootings, drug dealing and prostitution.
But change may be in the air.
The city's housing department announced Monday it will apply for a $485,000 state sustainability grant to create a plan to help transform 14 square blocks of Northwest Pasadena and improve the quality of life there.
"There hasn't been much improvement or economic redevelopment in this area for over 30 or 40 years," said Trone, who owns F&M Business Center at that intersection. "It's hard to be a business owner with this type of activity going on."
If funds are secured, the Northwest Pasadena Community Planning Project would be bounded by North Fair Oaks Avenue to the west, North Los Robles Avenue to the east, East Mountain Street to the north and East Orange Grove Boulevard to the south.
"It will be driven from the ground up … in terms of concepts that can help improve the quality of life for this part of Northwest Pasadena," said Councilman Chris Holden of District 3, which includes part of the proposed project area. "Addressing crime issues and the like, code enforcement, it has far-reaching implications in terms of how to address core concerns that plague this particular neighborhood."
Northwest Pasadena, which is densely populated, has the highest crime rates in the city, said Janet Pope Givens, Pasadena police spokeswoman. This particular 14-block neighborhood has the highest crime in Northwest Pasadena out of three other comparable crime-problem areas there, according to Police Department data provided to the city.
The state's Strategic Growth Council is making $90 million available as part of a new program to help local governments adopt plans that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption, conserve water, improve air and water quality and strengthen the economy.
Planned improvements in the Northwest could include amenities for pedestrians and cyclists to help reduce pollution, business and residential facade improvements, landscaping and community planning projects.
"What we'd be doing is looking at improvements in this community to make it more walkable with better sidewalks, better lighting … some potentially new commercial development, some new affordable housing," said William K. Huang, the city's housing director.
The project, if funding is secured, also would bring water and energy conservation measures to the community, he said.
If awarded the grant, Pasadena would partner with the Los Angeles Neighborhood Initiative, a nonprofit organization that aims to stimulate community-driven neighborhood revitalization to manage planning of the project.
"What we always say is community members know best what the neighborhood needs," said Sian Leong, LANI's director of development and marketing. "That's our model. That's what we are bringing to the table."
But Trone and other residents have concerns that a revitalization plan could inadvertently drive out residents while driving up property values.
"We need an anti-gentrification plan in place to make sure that we keep the diversity that is here and that's part of the history that's here," said Trone, who is also chair of the Fair Oaks Project Area Committee, an advisory body to the city on redevelopment. "LANI is very receptive to it, and we're not the only community that has requested it."
Dishaun Aboulatifa, a 22-year-old Pasadena City College student who resides there, said the area could use some remodeling. Yet he, too, was also concerned.
"It will get more expensive and people will charge more," the business student said.
Huang said a community steering committee – including residents and commercial and residential property owners – will be formed to determine goals and priorities for the neighborhood.
Because the state has taken away millions from the city in recent years, money should be targeted where it will make the most difference.
"We don't want to presume that we know the neighborhood as well as they do," he said.
The $485,000 grant, if received, would produce a detailed planning document but additional funds would be needed to implement the project.
The city's planning department is also applying for $1 million grant through the same state program to fund the creation of a "climate action plan" to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions throughout the city.
Grantees are expected to be notified by the state in October or November, Huang said.
Fidel Guillen-Raya, 77, who lives in an apartment on Orange Grove Boulevard near Raymond Avenue with his nephew, said he hopes the city will be able to fix broken street lights in the neighborhood.
"Let them fix up the neighborhood so that it is nicely in order," he said, as he pushed a shopping court full of recyclable bottles and cans down the street.
brenda.gazzar@sgvn.com
1 dead, 1 wounded in shooting at Lomita home
Officials ID man killed in Lomita shooting that injured 1 other
Torrance council majority endorse city treasurer recall effort
Hawthorne man faces capital-murder charges for driving vehicle into water in San Pedro, killing 2 autistic sons
Here's why Torrance's new $1.4 million splash pad keeps shutting down
Preparing for sea level rise in Redondo Beach could cost nearly $300 million
Torrance Refinery worker dies after heavy object falls on him
Master chef David Slay does steak and fish right at his South Bay restaurant
This year's Hermosa Beach Summer Series lands Jamie Kennedy, Mariachi El Bronx and more
Brenda Gazzar
Brenda Gazzar is a multilingual multimedia reporter who has worked for a variety of news outlets in California and in the Middle East since 2000. She has covered a range of issues, including breaking news, immigration, law and order, race, religion and gender issues, politics, human interest stories and education. Besides the Los Angeles Daily News and its sister papers, her work has been published by Reuters, the Denver Post, Ms. Magazine, the Jerusalem Post, USA Today, the Christian Science Monitor, the Los Angeles Jewish Journal, The Cairo Times and others. Brenda speaks Spanish, Hebrew and intermediate Arabic and is the recipient of national, state and regional awards, including a National Headliners Award and one from the Associated Press News Executives' Council. She holds a dual master's degree in Communications/Middle Eastern Studies from the University of Texas at Austin.
Follow Brenda Gazzar	@bgazzar
Daily Breeze: Contact us
PV Peninsula News
The Beach Reporter


text:
Jacqueline Toboni brings spunk to 'Grimm'
She's already beheaded one villain; now she has a fierce fight.
Jacqueline Toboni brings spunk to 'Grimm' She's already beheaded one villain; now she has a fierce fight. Check out this story on thecalifornian.com: http://bit.ly/1tH4bR7
SNA Published 12:00 a.m. PT Oct. 31, 2014 | Updated 12:00 a.m. PT Oct. 31, 2014
Jacqueline Toboni stars in Grimm (Photo: Provided )
TONIGHT'S MIGHT-SEE: "Grimm," 9 p.m., NBC. What would Halloween be without an Octopus-faced creature who uses his tentacles to steal memories? We met him in last week's season-opener, which brought a problem: Suddenly, Nick has lost his power to spot demons in disguise. Fortunately, "Grimm" has an excellent new character. Trubel (newcomer Jacqueline Toboni, 21) was a tough street kid, unaware of her power ... or of people trying to capture her. She's already beheaded one villain; now she has a fierce fight.
TONIGHT'S MIGHT-SEE II: "Utopia" and "Gotham," 8 and 9 p.m., Fox. Once considered a key to Fox's comeback, "Utopia" has been semi-ignored. It went from twice a week to once to (with the World Series) nothing last week. So tonight's hour views two weeks of progress in building a wilderness civilization. Stick around and you'll find a rerun of Monday's stylish "Gotham." A new drug causes euphoria and then death. Also, Oswald Cobblepot (the flauture Penguin) wedges into Maroni's inner circle and Fish Mooney schemes against Falcone.
TONIGHT'S ALTERNATIVE: Movies, cable. Yes, there are some light choices for families to watch after trick-or-treating. ABC Family has the delightful "Beetlejuice" (1988) at 7 p.m. and the disappointing "Casper" (1995) at 9; Disney has "Girl vs. Monster" (2012) at 9. Mostly, however, these are for grown-ups. That includes "Nightmare on Elm Street" (1984) at 6:30 p.m. on IFC, "Silence of the Lambs" (1991) at 8 p.m. on BBC America and the offbeat "Shaun of the Dead" (2004) at 9 on Comedy Central.
Other choices include:
"Roseanne," noon to 2 p.m. and 7:40 to 10 p.m., WE. Each year, this show delivered the freshest and funniest Halloween episodes. Here's a chance to catch them again, in two chunks.
"The Amazing Race," 8 p.m., CBS. Last week, Whitney Duncan and Keith Tollefson — engaged, from Nashville — were ousted. Now the seven surviving duos find themselves suspended above the mountains of Morocco.
"Last Man Standing," 8 p.m., ABC. Mike tries to give Mandy financial advice about her fashion business.
"Cristela," 8:31 p.m., ABC. Cristela's big Halloween-party plans mostly go awry. Her mom — who hates Halloween and prefers Day of the Dead — soon becomes the party's star with her morbid stories.
"Hawaii Five-0," 9 p.m., CBS. On Halloween, someone is copying the murders from a slasher film. Also, McGarret must n rescue Jerry (Jorge Garcia), who's been kidnapped by the counterfeiters he was tracking.
"Michael Feinstein at the Rainbow Room," 9 p.m., PBS. Feinstein, a terrific interpreter of the great American composers, performs. Most PBS stations follow at 10 with a typically flat and lifeless hour of "Art in the 21st Century."
"Penny Dreadful," 9 and 10 p.m., Showtime. On Halloween, Showtime reruns the first two hours of this lushly crafted (and sometimes creepy) series.
"Blue Bloods," 10 p.m., CBS. An international felon keeps narrowly avoiding murder charges. Now Danny — butting heads with his new boss — and Frank scramble to find more evidence.
"Constantine," 10 p.m., NBC. In a troubled mining town, John meets his new ally, Zed (Angelica Celaya).
Read or Share this story: http://bit.ly/1tH4bR7


The Academy of Contemporary Music, which counts famous alumni from Ed Sheeran and Newton Faulkner to Amelle Berrabah and Zomboy, has announced it is opening a campus in Clapham, London in September.
Facilities from brands such as SSL, Tama and Avid will be used by the teaching faculty.
Kainne Clements, executive chairman at ACM said: "Refurbishment is currently taking place and ACM are investigating opportunities to work with and link up with industry partners for endorsements."
Some of ACM London's appointments for 2016 include Kris Coombs-Roberts and Richard Boucher (Funeral For A Friend), Cherisse Osei (Paloma Faith), Arya Goggin (Skindred), Mark Richardson (Feeder, Skunk Anansie) and Sandy Beales (One Direction).
ACM will be offering degree programmes in Professional Music Performance, Creative Music Technology, Music Business and Innovation and Commercial Songwriting. It is also partnering with Falmouth University.


To be one of the best in this industry that is dominated by the giants, we are ready to be part of this magnificent industry. We intend to sub contract with those giants and learn how to bring change. Our aim is to learn from them and deliver magnificent results in the construction industry. We intend to reduce the level of unemployed youth in our communities and therefore work hand in hand with the Government Sector and the Private Sector Alike.


text:
@velvetcoke tells the story behind 10 iconic pop culture moments
By Ngozi Nwadiogbu
https://instagram.com/p/BfEQ7jZAitQ/
As part of Interview's Obvious History series, we've partnered with @velvetcoke to bring the old, often hilarious, sometimes mysterious, but always glamorous stories of the rich and famous back into the public eye. Here, the pop culture historian travels back through her massive Instagram archive of classic memorabilia to tell us about the top ten iconic moments you might have slept on.
Prepare for a lot of peak '90s nostalgia in the form of your favorite movie stars, rock idols, and models, and some older snapshots from the glory days of Hollywood's upper echelon.
VELVET COKE: Adriana Lima (above) was already named Ford's "Supermodel of Brazil" at the age of 15 [in 1996]. Ironically, she wasn't that interested in this career at first. She only applied because of her friend who didn't want to be alone in the competition. She had no interest in modeling even though she had won many beauty pageants in elementary school. Her own mother and friends supported her and believed she could be a top model. I love this post because it's probably my favorite editorial of Adriana Lima. I love her work and modeling. She looks simply amazing.
https://instagram.com/p/BdogbSLgZHs/
VELVET COKE: Named "sexiest man alive" by People magazine in 1988 (this photo is the proof), John F. Kennedy Jr. was linked with numerous celebrities; Madonna, Daryl Hannah, Julia Roberts, Brooke Shields… Kennedy broke hearts across America when, in September 1996, he married his longtime girlfriend, Carolyn Bessette. The two shared a loft apartment in NYC, where Kennedy was often seen rollerblading and biking on the city's streets. I love this photo because it's like a hidden gem. Wouldn't even recognize the president's son at first—looks like a very typical sun-kissed 80s babe enjoying time on the beach. Which is always a good aesthetic.
https://instagram.com/p/BeBVMsXA8Jo/
VELVET COKE: Carla Bruni, one of the top models of the '90s, was also Karl Lagerfeld's muse. Karl Lagerfeld called Carla Bruni a "beautiful creature who can wear anything." Vogue created the phrase "insanely perfect ass" just for her. She started off as a 16-year-old sitting in an old man's lap. It was a campaign for Guess and of course, the start of her career was already scandalous. This video of Carla includes all the reasons why I love her. She's one of my favorite models, she really knew how to work it and, behind the scenes, she sounds so charming.
https://instagram.com/p/BheY1d_APDH/
VELVET COKE: Steve Harris and guitarist Dave Murray performed on every one of Iron Maiden's albums, they are the only two members of the group to do so. He is a talented football player, and his bandmates say that if he did not play bass he would definitely have had a career in professional football. Steve Harris is one of my favorite musicians and Iron Maiden is one of my favorite bands. I don't share enough of my love for rock and metal on this account, I suppose I should make another account, because I love them a lot.
https://instagram.com/p/BhMdSUAgtKN/
VELVET COKE: Hard to believe, but James Dean's first choice was not acting. In his early days, he was interested in playing baseball and basketball. As a child, he was very interested in those sports. Later, as his passion for cinema started to grow, his first TV appearance happened. It was in a Pepsi Cola commercial. As cliché as it may sound, James Dean is one of my big inspirations. I simply love his charm and style, totally timeless.
https://instagram.com/p/BghDLPjgsNL/
VELVET COKE: Axl Rose has always been a huge fan of both Freddie Mercury and Elton John. His dreams came true when he actually performed with Elton John, five months after the legendary singer Freddie Mercury died. On April 20th, 1992, over 72,000 people saw Axl and Queen perform in Freddie's honor. Last but not least, every Axl post is my favorite post because he is my favorite person on Earth. Not just as a rockstar, but a big idol in every possible way. We can all learn so much from him.
https://instagram.com/p/BbLjGKNAy-j/
VELVET COKE: Less known: Liv Tyler had a cameo role in Everyone Says I Love You [1996], a musical directed by Woody Allen, and it was cut. Allen was impressed enough by her performance to write a personal letter explaining that her role was cut in editing. There are some behind the scenes photos, but that's it. Note that Liv actually commented on this post! That's why it's my favorite. It's not the only time she commented but she thanked me for this one and made me so happy.
https://instagram.com/p/BdT8QIbAgnU/
VELVET COKE: Oscars 1990 were full of iconic names and looks. Julia Roberts, Jeremy Irons, Robert de Niro, Anjelica Houston, Kathy Bates, Meryl Streep and many others were the winners of the night for their work and certainly on the red carpet. I edited this video to point out some highlights from the night in 60 seconds. The event was full of old glamour, classic beauty, and gorgeous couples. I could watch it for hours.
https://instagram.com/p/BhvQ28aF3rd/
VELVET COKE: Lindsay Lohan had a busy childhood. Her mother Dina had big dreams about Lindsay's career. She started taking voice lessons as a child and already began modeling at the age of 3. Later she became well-known for her iconic role in The Parent's Trap [1998] where she plays a girl meeting her lost twin sister. Personally, this movie brings back good memories. This post is also bitter-sweet because we see a young, happy Lindsay talking about fame without knowing what's going to happen.
https://instagram.com/p/BecAa99gtmx/
VELVET COKE: Apparently, Julia Roberts never dreamed she would become one of the most popular actresses in America and the whole world. As a child, due to her love of animals, Julia originally wanted to be a veterinarian, but later studied journalism. When her brother, Eric Roberts, achieved some success in Hollywood, Julia decided to try acting. This is a post of Julia attending a premiere. I simply adore looking at '80s and '90s movie premieres. They look so effortlessly cool and [the stars] seem like they're actually having fun.
Life Lessons from Lindsay Lohan
23 Years After The Parent Trap, Lindsay Lohan Still Has Class and You Don't
Lindsay Lohan's Guide to Getting Filthy Rich on NFTs
At 40, Paris Hilton is Still the Queen of the Party
The Artful Legacy of Antonio Lopez and Juan Ramos Lives On