The ratings are out for the first week of 2018, January 1-5th, and it was CBS' The Bold and the Beautiful that had the most significant gains in total viewers and key demos.
In story, it was the big reveal when Liam (Scott Clifton) learned from Steffy (Jacqueline MacInnes Wood) that she had slept with his father, Bill (Don Diamont) that helped push these numbers.
The episodes during that week featured a strong performance by Scott Clifton. B&B gained +172,000 total viewers edging them close to the 4 million mark (3,943,000). As well, B&B added the most viewers in the key womens demos of 18-34, and 18-49.
General Hospital also had a solid week gaining + 136,000 in total viewers bringing their tally to 2,889,000. The ABC daytime drama series also added the most viewers in the womens 25-54 demo, and added viewers in the 18-49 category.
The Young and the Restless also had a good week with the highest numbers in total viewers and key demos under EP Mal Young's tenure with the show. The top-rated soap added viewers in all key demos.
Days of our Lives was slightly down for the week, but still scoring much better than a year ago at this time. DAYS also added viewers in women 18-34 and 18-49.
View the entire ratings picture via SON here.
So, which soap opera do you think is delivering the best drama right now? What do you think of these ratings numbers for your favorite soaps? Comment below.
I agree. And after today's episode of B&B, (1/19), the train wreck is going to turn into a colossal disaster. Am I the only one that has visions of Ridge beating the crap out of Bill? Let the games begin.
I imagine the same thing. Actually, though I don't promote violence, Bill's beating is long overdue!
Y&R is still king and the rest are thankfully still on the air. END OF STORY!
Why are women 18-49 the big category ? Male viewers don't count ? Old er women need not apply ?
Good point, as I am an avid watcher of 2 shows and in the over 49 category.
Of course the ratings for the soaps were going to be up. With freezing cold, snowy, winter weather in many places in the eastern/midwest part of country, more and more non-working women are inside in front of TVs during the day. GH's numbers, however, are also up for the same reason people can't look away from gruesome car wrecks on the road. That show is a complete shell of what it once was.
Shelly Altman and Chris Van Etten have had three months of consistent ratings. They are a great writing duo together.
GH has some phenomenal acting and fortunately the show stayed afloat because of this. The previous writing was very poor and not until Chris Van Etten came into his "new spot" did things start looking up.
While they are mostly up from last year, they are not consistently retaining viewers week to week (I would guess that is due to the lack of story diversity — if you don't like Sonny, Carly, Jason, Sam, and Drew there isn't much for you as a viewer).
I honestly can't understand the high ratings for a show that's only 20 minutes long and the contents are mostly flashbacks. Really?
LOL…it was a cute outfit, though!
I think Scott Clifton has outdone himself this time and is probably headed for another award. Never particularly a fan of his he has finally won me over with his current performance.
I'm surprised Days is down; I'm loving it!
DAYS is the most entertaining and only "can't miss" soap right now with its mix of diverse storytelling, romance, mystery, and humor.
Y&R is just a mess with its new format, a lack of storylines, and any couples worth rooting for.
B&B is formulaic at best. I just can't with Liam, Steffy, and Wyatt — any romantic configuration featuring one or more of those characters always has me fast-forwarding.
GH is one note, rinse and repeat. All Sonny, Carly, Jason, Sam, and Drew. Nothing different to entice and retain new or lapsed viewers and with Genie Francis' exit the show has lost any heart and soul it had left.
Under Jean P ratings were like 2.3 to 2.4 million and they have risen over 400000 since Burton came back and head writer change. Shelly and Chris mesh well together.


text:
Jigri Yaar Bhangra
Viewers can enjoy the colourful sights of Little India and immerse themselves in the vibrancy of the Indian culture with a Bhangra performance by Bhangra pioneers, JIGRI YAAR BHANGRA. Bhangra is a traditional dance form that originated from the North Indian region of Punjab. It was usually performed by farmers during the Harvest Festival. This dance form is known to be vibrant, colourful and full of energy. Characterised by big and groovy movements, the dance is also accompanied by a traditional drum known as the Dhol. Such an energetic performance during our current times will hopefully lift everyone's spirits and allow us to build a strong sense of community.
ARTIST'S BIO
Jigri Yaar Bhangra Singapore is a pioneer Bhangra company in Singapore. With the utmost determination to share the love and passion of the traditional Bhangra dance form, Jigri Yaar Bhangra Singapore celebrates its 35th year in the performing arts industry. Consisting of passionate and talented individuals, the company has participated in countless major events locally and internationally as well as expanded to facilitating educational and school programmes.
AWLI 2021 PROGRAMME OUTLINE

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If you go down to Tottenham Court Road today you're sure of a big surprise. Those familiar Google colours have come down to earth at the Currys PC World store. The experience on offer isn't quite as exciting as the quotes I had read before my visit made out. Yes the offer of playing with the hardware is great and was novelty when Apple introduced it, but now as an experience for the jaded technophile it falls a little short of amazing. That's not to say we didn't have fun flying around the interactive Google Earth maps on the Portal, the option of watching Google Play movies and YouTube in the Chromecast Pod and reworking the Google sign into Geolytix.
Whatever Google's business plan is its simple maths: more views more revenues. Advertising sustains the whole process and to keep people choosing Google as their number one search engine is the challenge. A few square metres of floor space in a well-established retail outlet will raise the profile a little and could be a cost effective taster for the wider market. If successful there is scope to expand to other Currys PC World stores (next is Fulham and Thurrock) but that relies on effective symbiosis between the two concerns.
Are we going to Currys PC World to visit The Google Shop or is Google hoping customers will be drawn to their visual displays while already shopping. With ever increasing competition in search engines (especially in India and China) even a 'household name' cannot be complacent. Customers in central London may enjoy playing with the software and Google will hope their logo will be firmly imprinted on their retinas as they leave.
If you're keen on getting even more hands on then the store hosts regular classes and events including children being able to enrol in 'Virtual Space Camps' to acquire basic coding skills although information on these sessions is hard to come by.
For a fun hour away from the office and if you're in the area drop in for a doodle on the wall or a fly through the world at The Google Shop. You might even be lucky and get a free tote bag and plastic wallet for your oyster card.


text:
Henry Andersen is a Brussels-based visual artist and composer. Trained as a minimal and reductionist composer under the wings of Peter Ablinger, he moved from music into visual art, writing and sound performances. His debut vinyl is a recording of the piece 'Stanzas' or 'the Law of the Good Neighbour' (K095). On each side, a pair of his friends reads simultaneously from a list of words. The list is an unfinished result of a word game Andersen has been playing for several years. Stanzas... seems to be a precise text-sound composition, a liquid and elegant piece of concrete poetry that reveals the individual qualities of the voices and their interpersonal relation. But what sounds like a hardcore conceptual and idealist composition has a lot more to it. As an heir to a playful and prosaic Cagean and Ashleyan tradition, the list of words is a score that acts as a field for an infinite amount of possibilities. Andersen documents some of these many possible outcomes, expressing an urge to be a human body in space, interrelated with others. The composer reveals on the record another face of conceptualism: as a material, personal and truly moving beauty.
by Niels Latomme


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text:
Pelfrey Earns 10th Victory
By Ed Valentine@Valentine_Ed Jun 25, 2010, 10:00pm EDT
Share All sharing options for: Pelfrey Earns 10th Victory
Flushing, NY (Sports Network) – David Wright went 2-for-3 with a solo homer, two RBI and two runs scored as the New York Mets took a 5-2 win over the Minnesota Twins in the opener of a three-game interleague set.
Jose Reyes went 2-for-3 with an RBI and a run scored, while Jason Bay added an RBI for the Mets, who have won three of four. Mike Pelfrey (10-2) worked six innings in the win as he gave up just two runs on six hits with two strikeouts.
Denard Span hit a solo home run and drove in the other for the Twins, who have lost four straight for the first time this season. Kevin Slowey (7-5) was tagged for five runs on six hits with two strikeouts over six innings.
Wright, Reyes Lead Mets To 5-2 Victory Over Minnesota
Mets Hope Pelfrey Rebounds Tonight Against Twins


text:
serry
Can Sex Dolls Be Placed Anywhere I Like?
, 8th July 2019 at 06:01 (18 Views)
Sex dolls can be customized upon request
Stacy with 12 real dolls explains how she is involved in collecting and filming her plastic themes. "I watched a TV show called REAL SEX, which included silicone sex doll," she said. The latest models include an active connector designed to place a "girlfriend" anywhere the buyer likes.
The commentator said: "Of course this can't be healthy. For some people who have been playing with dolls, it's not a huge improvement to grab a child and try the real situation." You want to make these super charming Is the "woman" called your girlfriend?
The general public's reaction is one of anger. But he said that they are a tool for people like him who continue to be attractive to children. He said: "We should accept that there is no way to change the fetish of others.
The manufacturer even customizes a Japanese sex doll according to your specific requirements, so you can choose her bust size, hair color, eyes and everything about her until the movable finger. I believe that if the journey in life is more tolerable, it will be perfect.
"I don't think sex robots will reduce sex trade. It will be another option on the already distorted and dehumanized business market menu," says De Montfort University scholars, who have been studying robotics. ten years.
"We feel that we have finally found something that is indistinguishable from reality." These dolls are part of the Japanese high-tech industry, which has been looking for ways to make sex toys as realistic as possible. When buying a love doll, the customer can choose to customize everything from hair, eyes and skin color to chest size and even the shape and style of the vagina.
From a blonde blonde posing as a night to a brunette who is seductively lying in bed, these stuffy bombs look like every man's dream companion. Even the close-ups show their pouting beauty, which will make any red-blooded male pulse game.
She added: "My photos are about life, relationships and sexual behavior. Some people are repelled by dolls, while others are sympathetic to them. I am helping people express their wishes in law and morality. If you If you have to endure the suppressed desire, then it is not worth it."
Women can anonymously submit their voice lending doll robots, a sex robot created by the sex doll Dr. However, Catherine Richardson, an ethicist and founder of the anti-robot movement, disagreed that sex robots would curb sex trades, but said they would become another "menu choice" for human prostitutes.
Then, people who buy TPE sex doll can choose different types of sounds for their own "girlfriends." But customization will cost buyers an extra £143 on the £2,500 of the sex robot itself. But he insisted on his decision.
He said: "Technology is always like that: people are against it, people just want it. But in the end, if you develop technology in the right way, you will always bring many benefits to people," he said. The company produces anatomically correct girl imitations, only five years old.
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text:
Thank You, Welcome, and Congratulations.
Thank You very much for taking an interest in Aidan Montessori School, one of the first places where the revolutionary pedagogy pioneered by Dr. Maria Montessori took root in the United States. Founded in 1961, only one other Montessori school in the USA is older than Aidan, making us the most established as well as the largest international-standard Montessori school in the area. We are AMI-recognized, AIMS-accredited, and are proud of our long tradition of watching our students graduate to go on to the DC area's most prestigious independent middle and high schools.
Welcome to our website. I hope the information that you find here piques your interest, and that you soon find yourself at Aidan in person, seeing the amazing things that happen in our classrooms. Only visiting our school can give you a true glimpse of the potential it holds for your child. I hope to welcome you on campus as you begin to understand what Aidan Montessori School can do not only for your child, but for your whole family.
Congratulations on taking this first step. A school does not only admit students; rather, schools admit families. I remember finding Montessori education when I was a new father. I can tell you that I am a different father than I would have been and my family is a different family because of how Montessori education affected us, and I am grateful for its influence on each of us every day.
Montessori education is founded upon self-directed, experiential, and project-based learning in multi-age classrooms where children lead from both the front and from the middle. Aidan provides a nurturing environment in which strong social-emotional skills seamlessly develop in tandem with rigorous academics. While these building blocks have become more and more popular to talk about as conventional schools scramble to meet the needs of the future, our system has a century's experience and evidence backing its approach due to Montessori's insight and foresight.
Please, give us a call. Send us an email. Join us for a tour or an open house. We are eager to help you discover your child's potential through Aidan's community.
Kevin is a passionate educator whose leadership approach is deeply rooted in the global, collaborative, and facilitative nature of the Montessori pedagogy. He has more than 25 years of teaching and administrative experience, including thirteen as a Head of Montessori schools. Prior to coming to Aidan, Kevin served as Head at Bay Farm Montessori Academy and Amherst Montessori School, both in Massachusetts. He also served as the President of the Montessori Schools of Massachusetts, an organization serving nearly 100 New England schools.
Kevin's passion for education developed while in the Peace Corps, training teachers in Pakistan and teaching in Namibia. He went on to devote two years to English and Arabic studies at the American University in Cairo, deeply reflecting upon the processes of learning and teaching, while earning a master's degree. Following his time in Egypt, Kevin taught at the British Council in Berlin, Germany, before returning to the US to direct multiple international student programs, including the English Language Center at Northeastern University. Appointed Assistant Head of a Montessori school in 2004, Kevin – a new father at the time – was instantly enlightened to a philosophy of learning that, in his words, was life changing.
In addition to his professional ties to Montessori, Kevin and his wife are the parents of three Montessori-educated children.
Written by Kevin
From the Head: On Transitions & Life Beyond Aidan
It is said that Montessori education is an education for life. Mr. Clark shares how a Montessori helps our Aidan graduates transition well and succeed in a variety of learning environments.
From the Head: Science Behind the Genius
Head of School Kevin Clark shares 8 key features of Montessori education as outline by Angeline Stoll Lilard in "Montessori: The Science behind the Genius."
From the Head: Full Day Programming at Aidan
We are excited to announce full-day programming for our Toddler and Primary students for the 2020-2021 school year. Head of School Kevin Clark shares some reasons for this exciting change at Aidan.
From the Head: Welcome to the 2019-2020 School Year
Welcome message from Aidan's Head, Kevin Clark, featuring summer updates, upcoming events and new school year logistics.
From the Head: On Change and Observation
Our children are growing and changing each and everyday. Head of School Mr. Clark shares some thoughts on the importance of observation when it comes to recognizing the growth and changes in our children.
From the Head: On Snow Plow Parenting
Head of School Kevin Clark tackles "Snow Plow Parenting" and discusses the importance of allowing our children to struggle and meet challenges head on.
From the Head: On Musicals and Montessori
The Spring Musical is an annual Aidan tradition. Head of School Kevin Clark shares his thoughts on the value of the musical beyond the stage and its connections to Montessori education.
From the Head: Children Better Us
Musing from Head of School Kevin Clark on how the children in our lives better us and what we can learn from them in our daily observations.
From the Head: Montessori Is Facilitative
Consistency and continuity are key when it comes to a Montessori. Head of School Kevin Clark offers some food for thought when it comes to Montessori and its philosophy.
From the Head: The Montessori Work Cycle
Head of School Kevin Clark offers some observations on the Montessori Work Cycle.


text:
Read Alongs
The Christmas Tree Ship
by Carol Crane
Chris Ellison
On November 21, 1912, the schooner Rouse Simmons set sail from a small northern Michigan town across Lake Michigan. Affectionately dubbed the "Christmas Tree Ship," this was an annual trek for the Rouse Simmons. With its cargo of Christmas trees, the ship was bound for Chicago. There Captain Herman Scheunemann would sell the trees for 50 cents or $1.00 and even gave many away to needy families. But the schooner never makes its destination. The Rouse Simmons, with all hands and cargo, disappears into the cold waters. The ship's wreckage is not found until 1971. Drawing from stories told by her grandfather, author Carol Crane weaves a fictional tale based on the true events of the doomed schooner. And she explains how the captain's widow went on to continue his tradition of delivering holiday trees to Chicago. Carol Crane's many books for Sleeping Bear Press include the best-selling P is for Pilgrim: A Thanksgiving Alphabet and The Handkerchief Quilt. As a literacy advocate, Carol speaks at schools and conferences. She lives in North Carolina. Chris Ellison has illustrated children's picture books and adult historical fiction for nearly 20 years. His book Let Them Play was a 2006 Notable Social Studies Trade Book for Young People. Chris lives in Mississippi.
Carol Crane - Author
Chris Ellison - Illustrator
Publisher: Sleeping Bear Press
History Juvenile Nonfiction
ATOS Level:4.6
Interest Level:K-3(LG)
Text Difficulty:3
ATOS Level: 4.6
Interest Level: K-3(LG)
Text Difficulty: 3


text:
Q: can I use another custom environment variable name instead of GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS? in order to enable multiple credentials to my application - I want to use custom environment variable for each.
how can I set it explicitly?
in GCP docs I see only this default option.
Edit:
the libraries I'm using are Google.Cloud.Storage.V1 and Google.Apis.Dataflow.v1b3
I succeeded by using this
var credentials = GoogleCredential.FromFile(@"c:\certs\sa.json");
var storageClient = StorageClient.Create(credentials);

A: If you use the default credential creation, only this environment variable is possible
(example in python)
import google.auth

credentials, project_id = google.auth.default()

Now, think at the value that you put in the GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS env var. It's simply a path to a service account key file. So, you can do that, which is equivalent to the previous command
import google.auth

credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file(os.getenv('GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS'))

And thus, you can use the env var name that you want and create an explicit credential by passing the path to the correct file!
Example in C#:
var credentials = GoogleCredential.FromFile(@"c:\certs\trigger-sa.json");
var storageClient = StorageClient.Create(credentials);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
VisitBritain Shop is the official shop of the British Tourist Board, and has everything you need for a great trip to Britain, including travelcards, rail passes and tickets to a variety of attractions. Plan out your entire trip in advance, and save money at the same time!
Oyster & Travel Card
From the historic city of Bath to the Jurassic Coast, Britain has breathtaking UNESCO World Heritage Sites of great beauty and historic importance.
World Heritage Sites are considered of 'Outstanding Universal Value' and have been inscribed on the World Heritage List by the World Heritage Committee. Outstanding Universal Value transcends national boundaries and enriches not only our present but the lives of future generations.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has 26 cultural, 4 natural and 1 mixed sites in 2017. There are further 11 sites on the tentative list.
You can visit 4 sites and 1 potential site in London: the Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey, including St Margaret's Church; the Tower of London; Maritime Greenwich; the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Darwin Landscape Laboratory (tentative).
Ironbridge
Fountains Abbey
Jurassic Coast, Dorset
Pontcysylite Aqueduct
© 2019 VisitBritain. All rights reserved.
VisitBritain would like to invite you to take part in a short survey about our website, it should take no more than a couple of minutes.
Go to the survey


text:
Bible > Jeremiah > Chapter 29 > Verse 1
◄ Jeremiah 29:1 ►
This is the text of the letter that the prophet Jeremiah sent from Jerusalem to the surviving elders among the exiles and to the priests, the prophets and all the other people Nebuchadnezzar had carried into exile from Jerusalem to Babylon.
Jeremiah wrote a letter from Jerusalem to the elders, priests, prophets, and all the people who had been exiled to Babylon by King Nebuchadnezzar.
These are the words of the letter that Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem to the surviving elders of the exiles, and to the priests, the prophets, and all the people, whom Nebuchadnezzar had taken into exile from Jerusalem to Babylon.
This is the text of the letter that Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem to the surviving elders among the exiles and to the priests, the prophets, and all the others Nebuchadnezzar had carried into exile from Jerusalem to Babylon.
Now these are the words of the letter that Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem unto the residue of the elders which were carried away captives, and to the priests, and to the prophets, and to all the people whom Nebuchadnezzar had carried away captive from Jerusalem to Babylon;
Now these are the words of the letter that Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem to the remainder of the elders who were carried away captive—to the priests, the prophets, and all the people whom Nebuchadnezzar had carried away captive from Jerusalem to Babylon.
Now these are the words of the letter which Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem to the rest of the elders of the exile, the priests, the prophets, and all the people whom Nebuchadnezzar had taken into exile from Jerusalem to Babylon.
Now these are the words of the letter which Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem to the rest of the elders of the exile, the priests, the prophets and all the people whom Nebuchadnezzar had taken into exile from Jerusalem to Babylon.
Now these are the words of the letter which Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem to the rest of the elders of the exile, the priests, the prophets, and all the people whom Nebuchadnezzar had taken away into exile from Jerusalem to Babylon.
Now these are the words of the letter which Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem to the rest of the elders in exile and to the priests, the prophets and all the people whom Nebuchadnezzar had taken into captivity from Jerusalem to Babylon.
This is the text of the letter that the prophet Jeremiah sent from Jerusalem to the remaining exiled elders, the priests, the prophets, and all the people Nebuchadnezzar had deported from Jerusalem to Babylon.
This is the text of the letter that Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem to the rest of the elders of the exiles, the priests, the prophets, and all the people Nebuchadnezzar had deported from Jerusalem to Babylon.
Now these are the words of the letter that Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem unto the residue of the elders of the captivity, and to the priests, and to the prophets, and to all the people, whom Nebuchadnezzar had carried away captive from Jerusalem to Babylon,
And these are the words of a letter that Jeremiah the Prophet sent from Jerusalem to Babel, to the rest of the Elders of the captivity and to the Priests and to the lying Prophets, and to all the people whom Nebukadnetsar, King of Babel, took captive from Jerusalem to Babel
And these are the words of the book which Jeremias sent from Jerusalem to the elders of the captivity, and to the priests, and to the false prophets, even an epistle to Babylon for the captivity, and to all the people;
Now these are the words of the letter which Jeremias, the prophet sent from Jerusalem to the residue of the ancients that were carried into captivity, and to the priests, and to the prophets, and to all the people, whom Nabuchodonosor had carried away from Jerusalem to Babylon:
Now these are the words of the letter that Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem unto the residue of the elders of the captivity, and to the priests, and to the prophets, and to all the people, whom Nebuchadnezzar had carried away captive from Jerusalem to Babylon:
The prophet Jeremiah sent a letter from Jerusalem to the rest of the leaders among the captives. He also sent it to the priests, the prophets, and all the people that Nebuchadnezzar took away as captives from Jerusalem to Babylon.
I wrote a letter to the priests, the prophets, the leaders of the people, and to all the others whom Nebuchadnezzar had taken away as prisoners from Jerusalem to Babylonia.
These are the words of the letter that the prophet Jeremiah sent from Jerusalem to the remaining elders among the exiles, to the priests, to the prophets, and to all the people whom Nebuchadnezzar had taken into exile from Jerusalem to Babylon,
And these [are] the words of the letter that Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem to the remnant of [the] elderly of the expulsion, and to the priests, and to the prophets, and to all the people—whom Nebuchadnezzar removed from Jerusalem to Babylon,
These are the words of the scroll which Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem to the remaining elders among the exiles, to the priests, the prophets, and all the people whom Nebuchadnezzar exiled from Jerusalem to Babylon.
The prophet Jeremiah sent a letter to the exiles Nebuchadnezzar had carried off from Jerusalem to Babylon. It was addressed to the elders who were left among the exiles, to the priests, to the prophets, and to all the other people who were exiled in Babylon.
These are the words of the letter that the prophet Jeremiah sent from Jerusalem to the remaining elders among the exiles, and to the priests, the prophets, and all the people, whom Nebuchadnezzar had taken into exile from Jerusalem to Babylon.
Now these are the words of the letter that Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem to the residue of the elders of the captivity, and to the priests, to the prophets, and to all the people, whom Nebuchadnezzar had carried away captive from Jerusalem to Babylon,
Now these are the words of the letter that Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem to the residue of the elders who were carried away captives, and to the priests, and to the prophets, and to all the people whom Nebuchadnezzar had carried away captive from Jerusalem to Babylon;
Now these are the words of the letter that Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem to the residue of the elders of the captivity, and to the priests, to the prophets, and to all the people whom Nebuchadnezzar had carried away captive from Jerusalem to Babylon,
And these are words of the letter that Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem unto the remnant of the elders of the removal, and unto the priests, and unto the prophets, and unto all the people -- whom Nebuchadnezzar removed from Jerusalem to Babylon,
1This is the text of the letter that Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem to the surviving elders among the exiles and to the priests, the prophets, and all the others Nebuchadnezzar had carried into exile from Jerusalem to Babylon. 2(This was after King Jeconiah, the queen mother, the court officials, the officials of Judah and Jerusalem, the craftsmen, and the metalsmiths had been exiled from Jerusalem.)…
Jehoiachin king of Judah, his mother, his servants, his commanders, and his officials all surrendered to the king of Babylon. So in the eighth year of his reign, the king of Babylon took him captive.
Then Hezekiah sent word throughout all Israel and Judah, and he also wrote letters to Ephraim and Manasseh inviting them to come to the house of the LORD in Jerusalem to keep the Passover of the LORD, the God of Israel.
So the couriers went throughout Israel and Judah with letters from the king and his officials, which read: "Children of Israel, return to the LORD, the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, so that He may return to those of you who remain, who have escaped the grasp of the kings of Assyria.
In the spring, King Nebuchadnezzar summoned Jehoiachin and brought him to Babylon, along with the articles of value from the house of the LORD. And he made Jehoiachin's relative Zedekiah king over Judah and Jerusalem.
Mordecai recorded these events and sent letters to all the Jews in all the provinces of King Xerxes, both near and far,
After Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had carried away Jeconiah son of Jehoiakim king of Judah, as well as the officials of Judah and the craftsmen and metalsmiths from Jerusalem, and had brought them to Babylon, the LORD showed me two baskets of figs placed in front of the temple of the LORD.
And in the seventh month of that very year, the prophet Hananiah died.
Now these are the words of the letter that Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem to the residue of the elders which were carried away captives, and to the priests, and to the prophets, and to all the people whom Nebuchadnezzar had carried away captive from Jerusalem to Babylon;
Cir A.
of the letter.
Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, saying, Because thou hast sent letters in thy name unto all the people that are at Jerusalem, and to Zephaniah the son of Maaseiah the priest, and to all the priests, saying, …
2 Chronicles 30:1-6
And Hezekiah sent to all Israel and Judah, and wrote letters also to Ephraim and Manasseh, that they should come to the house of the LORD at Jerusalem, to keep the passover unto the LORD God of Israel…
And Mordecai wrote these things, and sent letters unto all the Jews that were in all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus, both nigh and far,
the elders.
The LORD shewed me, and, behold, two baskets of figs were set before the temple of the LORD, after that Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon had carried away captive Jeconiah the son of Jehoiakim king of Judah, and the princes of Judah, with the carpenters and smiths, from Jerusalem, and had brought them to Babylon…
And I will bring again to this place Jeconiah the son of Jehoiakim king of Judah, with all the captives of Judah, that went into Babylon, saith the LORD: for I will break the yoke of the king of Babylon.
Babylon Captive Captives Captivity Carried Elders Exile Jeremiah Jerusalem Letter Nebuchadnezzar Priests Prophet Prophets Residue Rest Words
XXIX.
(1) These are the words.--The prophecy in this chapter was addressed to those whom we may describe as the first of the Babylonian exiles who had been carried into captivity with Jeconiah (see Note on Jeremiah 35:2). Among these also, probably in connection with the projects which we have traced in the preceding chapter, there was a restless disquietude, fostered by false prophets, who urged the people to rebel against their conquerors. Against that policy Jeremiah, in accordance with the convictions on which he had all along acted, enters an earnest protest. The letter was sent by special messengers, of whom we read in Jeremiah 29:3, and shows that Jeremiah had been kept well informed of all that passed at Babylon. The spelling of the prophet's name, in the Hebrew text, as Jeremiah, instead of the form Jeremiahu, which is the more common form throughout the book, is probably an indication that the opening verse which introduces the letter was the work of a later hand. The date of the letter was probably early in the reign of Zedekiah, before the incidents of the previous chapter. It is brought before us as following in almost immediate sequel on the deportation mentioned in Jeremiah 29:2. The term "residue of the elders," in connexion with "priests and prophets," points to the fact that the whole body of counsellors, so named, had not been carried into exile, but only the more prominent members. Such "elders" we find in Ezekiel 8:1; Ezekiel 20:1. Ezekiel himself may be thought of as among the priests and prophets. . . .
Verse 1. - The residue of the elders; i.e. the surviving elders. Some may, perhaps, have died from natural causes, some by violence, some from grief.
וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ (wə·'êl·leh)
Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - common plural
Strong's 428: These, those
is the text
דִּבְרֵ֣י (diḇ·rê)
Strong's 1697: A word, a matter, thing, a cause
of the letter
הַסֵּ֔פֶר (has·sê·p̄er)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
אֲשֶׁ֥ר ('ă·šer)
Pronoun - relative
Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that
יִרְמְיָ֥ה (yir·mə·yāh)
Strong's 3414: Jeremiah -- 'Yah loosens', the name of a number of Israelites
הַנָּבִ֖יא (han·nā·ḇî)
שָׁלַ֛ח (šā·laḥ)
Strong's 7971: To send away, for, out
from Jerusalem
מִירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם (mî·rū·šā·lim)
Preposition-m | Noun - proper - feminine singular
אֶל־ ('el-)
Strong's 413: Near, with, among, to
יֶ֜תֶר (ye·ṯer)
Strong's 3499: An overhanging, an excess, superiority, remainder, a small rope
of the elders
זִקְנֵ֣י (ziq·nê)
Adjective - masculine plural construct
Strong's 2205: Old
among the exiles,
הַגּוֹלָ֗ה (hag·gō·w·lāh)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 1473: Exile, exiles
the priests,
הַכֹּהֲנִ֤ים (hak·kō·hă·nîm)
Article | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 3548: Priest
the prophets,
הַנְּבִיאִים֙ (han·nə·ḇî·'îm)
כָּל־ (kāl-)
הָעָ֔ם (hā·'ām)
Strong's 5971: A people, a tribe, troops, attendants, a flock
נְבֽוּכַדְנֶאצַּ֛ר (nə·ḇū·ḵaḏ·neṣ·ṣar)
Strong's 5019: Nebuchadnezzar -- 'Nebo, protect the boundary', a Babylonian king
had carried into exile
הֶגְלָ֧ה (heḡ·lāh)
מִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם (mî·rū·šā·lim)
to Babylon.
Jeremiah 29:1 NIV
Jeremiah 29:1 NLT
Jeremiah 29:1 ESV
Jeremiah 29:1 NASB
Jeremiah 29:1 KJV
Jeremiah 29:1 BibleApps.com
Jeremiah 29:1 Biblia Paralela
Jeremiah 29:1 Chinese Bible
Jeremiah 29:1 French Bible
Jeremiah 29:1 Catholic Bible
OT Prophets: Jeremiah 29:1 Now these are the words (Jer.)


text:
Sarah Hyland Slams Body-Shaming Instagram Trolls Telling Her to "Eat Some Bread"
Boyfriend Wells Adams calls her a "carbivore," FYI.
By Andrea Park
Sarah Hyland has previously expressed that she doesn't have time for Internet trolls, but on Tuesday, she set them straight yet again on one important fact: The Modern Family actor does not, in fact, need to "eat some bread," since she's already a major "carbivore." Hyland took to her Instagram Story to shut down some folks who felt the need not only to comment on her body, but also to take it a step further and recommend some additions to her diet.
"I've been reading some of your DMs and so many of you are like, 'Girl, you fine, but like, eat some bread!'" she said in a selfie video per People before directing any questions, comments, or concerns toward her boyfriend, former Bachelorette star Wells Adams. "I would like to put in a request for anyone who is concerned about my bread consumption to send it to Wells Adams, because he is the sole person who knows about how much bread I consume on a daily basis. Thanks! Love you, mean it. 'K, bye," Hyland said.
Shortly after, Adams went ahead and shut down any imminent "bread concerns" in an Instagram Story selfie video of his own. "Just saw Sarah's story. Apparently, there are concerns about how much bread she eats. I can vouch for her that she truly is — she's not a carnivore, she's a carbivore," he said. Take that, haters!
sarahhyland/Instagram Stories
Hyland has been targeted countless times before by body shamers who call her too thin and, even more shockingly, accuse her of having an eating disorder. In May 2017, she handily shut down those cyberbullies in an extensive Twitter post in which she explained that she'd experienced several months of health troubles that often left her bedridden and unable to work out, and caused her to lose weight. (Hyland has kidney dysplasia and underwent a kidney transplant in 2012.)
Hyland also responded specifically to those who suggest she "eat a burger" and say that her head is larger than her body. "You're right! I should eat a burger! 'Cause they're f*cking delicious! But guess what. I do. And again, you're right. No one's head should be bigger than their body but considering I've basically been on bed rest for the past few months, I've lost a lot of muscle mass. My circumstances have put me in a place where I'm not in control of what my body looks like."
She ended by recommending that those reading the post go forth and spread love, be happy, and "adopt puppies!" "I am working hard to maintain my weight by eating as much protein as possible and continue to be strong and healthy," she wrote. "There's no need to worry. I've been down before and I'll probably be down again in my lifetime but I'm steadfast and solid and will conquer my obstacles."
Read more about body image:
Model Sara Sampaio Reveals the "Gaps" in Her Eyebrows Are Due to Trichotillomania
Serena Williams Opened Up About Body Image and Playing Wimbledon "With a Tummy"
Kim Kardashian's Controversial "Skinny" Posts Are Receiving Plenty of Celebrity Backlash
Now, watch Ruby Rose photoshop herself into seven different looks:
Don't forget to follow Allure on Instagram and Twitter.
KeywordsSarah Hylandbody shamingsndeating disordersBody Imagefood


text:
Jennifer Lopez to Star in NBC's 'Bye Bye Birdie Live!' in 2017
By Soth Team
Jennifer Lopez. Photo: buzzfuss/123rf
We love you J-Lo, oh yes we do!
Water Mill's Jennifer Lopez, who is starring on crooked cop drama Shades of Blue, producing and appearing as a judge on World of Dance and performing a residency at Las Vegas' Planet Hollywood, has taken on yet another new gig. The iconic mega-celeb will star in NBC's 2017 production of Bye Bye Birdie Live! as Rosie, the female lead. The role was played by Chita Rivera on Broadway in 1961.
Bye Bye Birdie is a musical comedy about harried music industry manager Albert Peterson and his girlfriend and secretary Rose Alvarez, who are trying to both promote and curb the wild behavior of their star talent, Conrad Birdie, who has been drafted to the army. Albert and Rosie arrange for Birdie to give "One Last Kiss" to superfan Kim on The Ed Sullivan Show, but along the way must deal with crazed teenagers, Albert's overbearing mother, Birdie's unpredictable antics and Rosie's desire for Albert to leave the biz and marry her.
NBC has found great success with their annual live musicals, with Sound of Music Live, Peter Pan Live and The Wiz Live all being ratings hits despite being met with lukewarm critical reception. This year's musical, Hairspray Live, features the talents of Jennifer Hudson, Sean Hayes, Kristin Chenoweth and other Broadway talent. Hairspray Live airs on December 7.
Lopez is the only cast member announced so far, but Harvey Fierstein will be writing the adaptation. Shades of Blue returns in 2017 for a 13-episode second season, and World of Dance will premiere next year, as well.
SKOLNICK Architecture + Design PartnershipPart-Time Administrative Assistant


We have moved to Davis Campus and are settling into our new, state-of-the-art building. Come and see us at the Skilled Trades Centre, 'A' wing.
Sheridan's skilled trades programs provide students with practical skills and knowledge in industrial and/or construction trade sectors. Learning in well-equipped, state-of-the-art labs and workshops provides students the opportunity to apply theory with hands-on projects, making them better prepared to enter today's fast-paced work force.
Upon graduation students will have learned in industry-standard workshops, developing the skills of their chosen profession. Grads leave Sheridan ready and able to begin an apprenticeship.
Professor Craig Brazil, from the School of Skilled Trades & Apprenticeship, recently returned from an amazing educational and cultural experience in Taichung, Taiwan. The Taiwanese Government and Worldskills Taiwan invited Craig to join 12 other Skill Competition Managers and Chief Experts in evaluating practices and procedures, and judging methods in a variety of Skilled Trade and Vocational competitions.
Craig was selected because of his significant role as the Skills Competition Manager for the Industrial Mechanic Millwright (IMM) competition at Worldskills Abu Dhabi last year. His experience in Taiwan gave him a unique perspective to explore how things are done. Craig said his experience abroad will enhance what he brings to the classroom, and to his students, this year.
Craig's expertise in IMM makes him a sought after resource for skills competitions. He'll be heading to Kazan, Russia in 2019 to enjoy another year of being a Skills Competition Manager.
A big thank you to everyone who participated, competed, and came out to witness the 2019 Sheridan Skills competition. This year, students participated in competitions ranging from IT Network Systems Administration to Electrical and plumbing, to Automation & Control, Machining and Mechatronics, and IT Office Software Applications.
Students showed off their knowledge of concepts learned in class, and their talents and hard work throughout the day and were awarded with gold, silver and bronze medals in each competition, as well as prizes from our generous sponsors. Congratulations to all the winners and participants, and we hope to see you next year!
Read the full recap of the 2019 Sheridan Skills Competition.
Last month, the Accidental Apprentice Podcast came to campus to interview FAST Faculty Craig Brazil and Larry Hamilton in front of a live audience. They discussed their journey into their Industrial Millwright careers and how it led them to their roles as educators, as well as the value of skilled trades and perceptions and misconceptions about the industry. Thank you to the Accidental Apprentice Podcast for visiting and sharing Craig and Larry's stories!
Anna Strachan, Professor and Program Coordinator in the Skilled Trades, is passionate about her career and educating people on the industry. She recently shared her story with the Sheridan Curiosities blog and discussed her thoughts about the skilled trades industry, and her career journey beginning at just 16 years old.
Thanks to Anna for sharing her story and representing the skilled trades community here at Sheridan.
This past Tuesday, April 2nd, we attended the 30th annual Halton Skills Competition at Craig Kielburger Secondary School, a competition that engages students in technological and trade education. The competition featured over 40 competitions for elementary and secondary students and over 1200 student competitors, as well as a career showcase and medals ceremony. As a yearly sponsor of the competition, we bring new activities to engage with the students each year at the Sheridan booth. Thanks to David Bradley and Dave De Francesca for representing FAST on that day, and the support from our Community Employment Services partners Kim Bertrand and Elaine Garley.
Take a look at the event website.


NBA coaching legend Phil Jackson is good at self-effacing humor we learned today. The winner of 11 championship rings with the Chicago Bulls and the L.A. Lakers got off to a ROUGH start when joining Twitter a couple days ago. We all had fun at his expense, but Phil Jackson can take/make a joke about Phil Jackson.
His second tweet turned out much better. And offered an explanation as to what went wrong with his first. By the way the Phil Jackson avatar is pretty cool, if I haven't said so before.
Pretty clever, eh? Once again the Zen Master is acutely aware of the human condition. We knew that if he could manage the egos of Michael Jordan, Shaquille O'Neal and Kobe Bryant, he could handle 140 characters. Welcome to social media. By the way Phil Jackson recently liked Jeanie Buss enough to put a ring on it.
Paul M. Banks is the owner of The Sports Bank.net, an Fox Sports and regular contributor to Walter Football.com, Fox Sports , Chicago Now, Walter Football.com and Yardbarker.


text:
Home » History at Large
The National Charter Association and its legacy, 180 years on
By Tom Scriven on July 30, 2020 in History at Large
In July 1840 a convention of twenty-three delegates met at the Griffin Inn, Great Ancoats Street, Manchester. Elected by Chartist bodies from across Britain, their purpose was to put together a plan for reorganising the movement following a year of repression, in which much of their leadership had been imprisoned, transported, or forced into exile. On July 20 the delegates agreed a plan for a permanent organisation of all the Chartist groups across the country within 'one Society to be Called "The National Charter Association of Great Britain"'. With this they made history: the formation of the first working-class, mass-member political party in the world.
The NCA's core objective was the People's Charter – the 'six points' of reform that would secure universal male suffrage and protect the franchise from corruption. To these ends the party possessed a nationally-elected, paid Executive council, while NCA localities were organised on the town level. Its rules and policy was set democratically at regular conferences, and it was funded solely by subscriptions from its membership. Although its national nature made it an illegal organisation, the NCA organised openly and managed to attain 50,000 members by 1842, in essence establishing the precedent for legal political parties in Britain. It was also notably inclusive: women were admitted on the same terms as men, and in 1842 William Cuffay, the son of a slave from St. Kitts, was elected to its national Executive.
The NCA's constitution was also remarkable for calling for 'Chartist candidates at every election that may hereafter take place'. Consequently during the 1841 General Election the NCA stood or endorsed candidates in dozens of constituencies across the country, making it the first contested by a nationally organised working-class party in history. Despite the lack of working-class electors Chartist candidates often symbolically won the 'show of hands' of non-electors that preceded formal polling. Nevertheless, the NCA managed to recruit the two MPs for Finsbury, Thomas Slingsby Duncombe and Thomas Wakley, who were joined as MPs in 1847 by one of Chartism's chief leaders, Feargus O'Connor, forming what Friedrich Engels celebrated as the first 'People's Party' in Parliament. At its 1851 conference the NCA made history again by becoming Britain's first social democratic party, adopting a programme of nationalisation of land and capital. Chartism was, however, declining since another wave of repression in 1848, and a split in 1850 by a small group of moderates to form the short-lived National Chartist League destroyed the NCA's presence in Manchester, its former heartland. The party fought its last General Election in 1852, and it continued as a rump until 1858.
Despite its historical significance the NCA has largely been forgotten by the British left. It is nevertheless instructive for considering the divergent paths taken by the working class between the 1850s and 1900, when the Labour Representation Committee (LRC) became the first successful effort to form an independent working-class faction within Parliament since the NCA. The formation of the Reform League in 1865 appeared at first to resume the NCA's mantle by combining the demand for universal suffrage with social reformism. Instead, the League's acceptance of limited plans for Parliamentary reform and then explicit alliance with the Liberal Party in the 1868 General Election signalled a significant retreat from the Chartist position of absolute political independence. By the 1880s 'Lib-Lab' candidates backed by trade unions but accepting the Liberal whip became a growing faction in Parliament, but recent studies have emphasised how workers within this alliance felt growing frustration with the Liberal Party, indicating deeper roots to the LRC than has at times been assumed.
The only explicit comparative study of the shift from the NCA to the LRC remains From Chartism to Labourism, published in 1929 by Theodore Rothstein, a Bolshevik who during two decades of exile in Britain had been a member of the Marxist Social Democratic Federation (SDF) and its successors, the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and British Socialist Party (BSP). Consisting of essays written between 1905 and the 1920s for Russian and German workers, From Chartism to Labourism was one of the first histories of either Chartism or the Labour Party. Rothstein's economic thesis posited that after 1850 rising wages, and then after 1875 falling prices, served to undercut working-class militancy. Alongside this he made a more sophisticated political and cultural argument, in which after 1848 state violence declined and capitalists who supported the Liberal Party made concerted efforts to conciliate the labour movement to prevent a Chartist revival. Falling prices encouraged British workers to identify as consumers rather than producers, generating strong support for the core Liberal policies of free trade and low taxation. Together, this encouraged the rise of labour leaders who emphasised cross-class co-operation to secure modest, easily winnable gains, which became the foundational purpose of the Labour Party. The argument was crude in places, such as Rothstein's disinterest in the new unionism of the 1880s or the complex intellectual origins of the LRC. Nevertheless, his central contention that Chartism was fiercely independent and increasingly sought to take control of the state to reorder society, whilst labourism emphasised cross-party, cross-class co-operation to ameliorate the conditions of the workers, remains valid.
This implied that the successor of Chartism was the SDF, and therefore the Communist Party of Great Britain, of which the BSP was a founder. This is evident from Rothstein's discussion of the SDP's role at the conference that birthed the LRC, when their argument that 'there could be no truly independent Labour Party….as long as they had no independent and clear-cut political line' of expropriating the means of production, distribution, and exchange was rebuffed, causing them to leave. There was merit to this implication. Several studies have shown the passage of the followers of the Chartist leader and pre-Marxist anti-capitalist theorist Bronterre O'Brien into the SDF, and the ex-Chartist John Sketchley's 1879 Principles of Social Democracy was an important formative influence on a new generation of social democrats. These links have been subject to far less study, however, than those Chartists who in later life became Liberals.
The question of the Chartist succession is therefore illustrative of two polar traditions in the working-class left in Britain: one was a radical aspiration for a direct democracy and widespread, permanent wealth redistribution, while the other sought to adhere to a 'realistic' alliance between organised labour and progressive liberalism. In many respects the recent history of the Labour Party has been a conflict between these two traditions, with the movement that developed since the election of Jeremy Corbyn in 2015 far more of a clear continuation of Chartism than the Party it was a component of. But amid the increasingly cataclysmic crises of our present century, the 180th anniversary of the foundation of the NCA raises another question: is it time again to turn to the Chartist tradition of a strictly independent, working-class movement for substantive political and economic change?
Tom Scriven is a historian of C19th working-class politics and is currently a Research Fellow at Oxford Brookes University. Alongside in the History Workshop Journal, he has published in the Historical Journal, Journal of Victorian Culture, and the Labour History Review. His book on the intellectual culture of Chartism, Popular Virtue:Continuity and Change in Radical Moral Politics, 1820-70, is available from Manchester University Press. Tom tweets @pigs_meat.
Tags: 19th century Chartism chartists nineteenth century radicalism


text:
\section{Introduction}
The integration of GPUs in trigger and data acquisition systems is
currently being investigated in several HEP experiments.
At higher trigger levels, when the efficient \mbox{many-core}
parallelization of event reconstruction algorithms is possible, the
benefit of significantly reducing the number of the farm computing
nodes is evident~\cite{Clark:2010:GPUsAtlas, Rohr:2012:GPUsAlice}.
At lower levels, where tipically severe real-time\xspace constraints are
present and custom hardware is used, the advantages of GPUs adoption
are less straightforward.
A pilot project within the CERN NA62
experiment\cite{Collazuol:2012zz} is investigating the usage of
GPUs in the central low level trigger processor, exploiting their
computing power to implement efficient, high throughput event selection
algorithms while retaining the real-time\xspace requisites of the system.
One of the project preliminary results was that employing commodity
NICs and standard software stack caused data transfer over GbE\xspace links
from readout boards to GPU memories to consume the largest part of the
time budget and was the main source of fluctuations in the overall
system response time.
In order to reduce data transfer latency and its fluctuations, we
envisioned the usage of the GPUDirect RDMA technology, injecting
readout data directly from the NIC into the GPU memories without any
intermediate buffering and the offloading of the network stack
protocol management from the CPU, avoiding OS jitter effects.
We implemented these two features in the NaNet\xspace \mbox{FPGA-based NIC}:
the first was inherited from the APEnet+\xspace 3D NIC
development~\cite{ammendola2012apenet+} while the second was realized
integrating an Open IP provided by the FPGA vendor.
NaNet\xspace NIC currently supports three APElink\xspace 34~Gbps
channels~\cite{APEnetTwepp:2013} and one GbE\xspace one; a 10GbE\xspace version of
the design is under development.

After introducing the NA62 \mbox{multi-level} trigger system and
motivating the usage of GPUs in its \mbox{low-level} trigger
processor, we will provide a description of the NaNet\xspace architecture,
implementation and performances focusing on its usage as 1~GbE\xspace NIC in
the case study of the \mbox{GPU-based} L0 trigger processor for the
RICH detector.

\section{The NA62 \mbox{multi-level} trigger system}

The NA62 experiment at CERN~\cite{Lamanna:2011zz} has the goal of
measuring the Branching Ratio of the \mbox{ultra-rare} decay of the
charged Kaon into a pion and a \mbox{neutrino-antineutrino} pair.
Due to the very high precision of theoretical prediction on this
Branching Ratio, a precise measurement at the level of 100 events
would be a stringent test of the Standard Model, also being this
Branching Ratio highly sensitive to any new physics particle.

Compared to first observations of this decay~\cite{Artamonov:2009sz},
the NA62 experiment aims at collecting more events ($\sim100$) with a
signal to background ratio 10:1, using a novel technique with
a \mbox{high-energy} (75~GeV) unseparated hadron beam decaying in
flight.
The experiment is currently in the final preparation stage, with the
first \mbox{data-taking} period foreseen for fall 2014.

The expected Standard Model Branching Ratio is $\simeq10^{-10}$,
requiring a very intense beam (main Kaon Branching Ratios is $\sim 10
\%$) and efficient background rejection.

The $\sim 10 MHz$ rate of particle decays reaching the detectors must
be reduced by a set of trigger levels down to a $\sim kHz$ rate.
The entire trigger chain works on the main digitized data
stream~\cite{Avanzini:2010zz}.
The first level (L0) is implemented in hardware (FPGAs) on the readout
boards and performs rather crude and simple cuts on the fastest
detectors, reducing the \mbox{high-rate} data stream by a factor 10 to
cope with the maximum design rate for event readout of 1~MHz.

Events passing L0 are transferred to the upper trigger levels (L1 and
L2) which are \mbox{software-implemented} on a commodity PC farm.

In the standard implementation, the readout boards FPGAs compute
simple trigger primitives on the fly, then \mbox{time-stamp} and send
them to a central processor for matching and trigger decision.
Thus, the maximum latency allowed for the synchronous L0 trigger is
related to the maximum data storage time available on the DAQ boards.
For NA62 this value is up to 1~ms, in principle allowing use of more
compute demanding implementations at this level, \textit{i.e.}\xspace the GPUs.

\subsection{The RICH detector low level (L0) trigger}

The RICH identifies pions and muons in the momentum range 15~$GeV/c$
to 35~$GeV/c$ with a $\mu$ suppression factor better than $10^{-2}$
with good time resolution.
\v{C}erenkov light is produced in a 18~m long, 3.7~m wide tube filled
with neon at atmospheric pressure.
The light is reflected by a composite mirror of 17~m focal length,
focused on two separated spots.
The two spots are equipped with $\sim 1000$~PMs of 1.8~cm in diameter
each.
After amplification and discrimination, the PM signal time is
digitized by high resolution TDCs.
A typical pion ring, for averaged accepted momentum, is identified
with $\sim 20$ firing PMs, as predicted by Monte Carlo and confirmed
with a \mbox{full-length} prototype~\cite{Angelucci:2010zz}.
Time resolution was measured to be better than 100~ps for all momenta
in the considered range.
Good time resolution and particle identification capability make this
detector ideal for use in the trigger system to build stringent
conditions.

\section{The GPU-based NA62 RICH detector L0 trigger}

As a first example of GPU application in the NA62 trigger system we
studied the possibility to reconstruct rings in the RICH.
The center and the radius of the \v{C}erenkov rings in the detector
are related to particle angle/velocity.
This information can be employed at trigger level to increase the
purity and the rejection power for many triggers of interest.
The ring reconstruction could be useful both at L0 and L1.
In both cases, because of the high rate of 10 and 1~MHz respectively,
the computing power required is significant.
The GPUs can offers a simple solution of the problem.
The use of video cards in the L1 is straightforward: the GPU can act
as ``coprocessor'' to speed up the processing.
On the other hand, the L0 is a low latency synchronous level and
feasibility of GPU usage must be verified.
To test feasibility and performances, as a starting point we have
implemented five algorithms for single ring finding in a sparse matrix
of 1000 points (centered on the PMs in the RICH spot) with 20 firing
PMs (``hits'') on average.

We tested these algorithms on TESLA C1060, C2050, M2070 and
K20~\cite{Collazuol:2012zz}.
In the following we focus on the fastest algorithm --- MATH --- where
the \mbox{least-squares} method is applied in a coordinate system in
which the problem can be analytically solved~\cite{Crawford:1983td}
with a linear inversion.
Processing times with input data and results in GPU memory, for the
MATH algorithm measured both on TESLA M2070 and K20Xm are plotted in
Fig.~\ref{fig:lat_calc_MATH_M2070_K20x}.
The contribution of processing to the overall system latency can be
kept under control due to the very small fluctuations in GPU kernel
execution times.

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{minipage}[t]{.49\textwidth}
\centering
  \includegraphics[trim=20mm 20mm 10mm 15mm,clip,width=\textwidth]{kernel_latency.pdf}
  \caption{}
  \label{fig:lat_calc_MATH_M2070_K20x}
\end{minipage}
\quad
\begin{minipage}[t]{.49\textwidth}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[trim=20mm 20mm 10mm 15mm,clip,width=\textwidth]{nanet_latency.pdf}
  \caption{}
  \label{fig:lat_comm_vanilla_rt_nanet_M2070_K20x}
\end{minipage}
\vspace{-20pt}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Readout - L0 Trigger Processor Data Channel
  Implementation}
Data communication between the TEL62 readout boards and the L0 trigger
processor (L0TP) happens over multiple GbE\xspace links using UDP streams.
The main requisite for the communication system comes from the request
for $<$1~ms and deterministic response latency of the L0TP:
communication latency and its fluctuations are to be kept under
control.
The requisite on bandwidth is 400$\div$700~MB/s, depending on the
final choice of the primitives data protocol which in turn depends on
the amount of preprocessing actually be implemented in the TEL62 FPGA.
So in the final system, 4$\div$6 GbE\xspace links will be used to extract
primitives data from the readout board towards the L0TP.
We studied several options for the implementation of this multiple
\mbox{GbE\xspace-based} data communication system, benchmarking any of them
for a single GbE\xspace channel in order to collect indications for the
design of the \mbox{full-fledged} system.
A first result was that any solution matched the bandwidth
specification for a GbE\xspace link at significant buffer sizes, so we
concentrated on measuring communication latency and, most important in
the context of the design of a real-time\xspace communication system, latency
fluctuations.
To perform benchmarks we used two different hardware platforms:
\begin{compactitem}
\item a Supermicro SuperServer 6016GT-TF with X8DTG-DF motherboard
  (Intel 5520-Tylersburg chipset), dual Intel Xeon X5570 @2.93~GHz
  CPU, Intel 82576 GbE\xspace and NVIDIA\xspace Fermi M2070 GPU (from here on
  M2070 system)
\item a Supermicro SuperServer 7047GR-TPRF with X9DRG-QF motherboard
  (Intel C602-Patsburg chipset), dual Intel Xeon E5-2609 @2,40~Ghz
  CPU, Intel i350 GbE\xspace and NVIDIA\xspace Fermi K20Xm GPU (from here on K20Xm
  system).
\end{compactitem}

First option considered was a standard Linux installation (CentOS 6.3,
Kernel 2.6.33) with integrated GbE\xspace interface in the M2070 system; to
measure latencies we used the network benchmarking
utility \emph{sockperf}\cite{sockperf}.
Results are shown in
Fig.~\ref{fig:lat_comm_vanilla_rt_nanet_M2070_K20x}; at
lower buffer sizes latencies are higher than desirable but main
drawback of this setup is the great latency variability.

Next option in the attempt of reducing latency fluctuations was trying
a real-time\xspace kernel on the M2070 system.
A great effort has been recently done by OS developers in improving RT
features in kernels: predictability in response times, reduced
jitters, $\mu$s accuracy and improved time granularity.
In Fig.~\ref{fig:lat_comm_vanilla_rt_nanet_M2070_K20x} results
obtained with a \texttt{2.6.33.9-rt31-EL6RT} kernel are plotted;
CPUspeed and IRQbalance daemons were stopped and Interrupt moderation
was disabled to avoid other possible sources of latency fluctuations.
This approach was successful in minimizing fluctuations on latency but
increased the latency values up to an incompatible level with the L0TP
1~ms time budget.

Another considered option was usage of \texttt{\emph{PF
    RING}}~\cite{PFRING}, which is a framework for accelerating packet
capture implementing a \mbox{memory-mapped} buffer allocated at socket
creation, \textit{i.e.}\xspace where incoming packets are copied.
\texttt{PF RING} can use either standard drivers or \mbox{\texttt{PF
    RING}-aware} drivers and works with \mbox{off-the-shelf} GbE\xspace
NICs.
Promising results obtained using this approach are reported and
discussed in~\cite{CHEP2013:GAP}.

Finally, to tackle the real-time\xspace requirement of the \mbox{GPU-based}
L0TP, we considered reusing the GPUDirect RDMA technology that we
already implemented in the APEnet+\xspace project for \mbox{3D-torus}
network card.
This led to the design and implementation of the NaNet\xspace
\mbox{FPGA-based} NIC featuring, besides GPUDirect RDMA capability, a
UDP offloading engine.
Latency benchmarks obtained using NaNet\xspace both in the M2070 and the
K20Xm system are shown in
~\ref{fig:lat_comm_vanilla_rt_nanet_M2070_K20x}.
Latency and its variability are significantly reduced when compared to
other benchmarked solutions.
In the following sections we describe the internal architecture of
NaNet\xspace and report a performance analysis for it and the
\mbox{GPU-based} RICH L0TP using NaNet\xspace as a communication channel
from the readout boards.

\section{NaNet\xspace}
\label{sec:nanet}
NaNet\xspace is an APEnet+\xspace rehaul for \mbox{real-time} data acquisition
able to inject directly data from the NIC into the CPU/GPU memory with
no intermediate buffering, reusing the APEnet+\xspace GPUDirect RDMA
implementation.
Moreover, it adds a network stack protocol management offloading
engine to the logic to avoid OS jitter effects.

\begin{figure}[t]
  \begin{minipage}[t]{.49\textwidth}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[trim=60mm 25mm 60mm 30mm, clip,width=0.8\textwidth]{NaNet_internals.pdf}
    \caption{NaNet\xspace features a customizable I/O interface to implement
      a low latency, real-time\xspace NIC for hybrid CPU/GPU systems.}
    \label{fig:NaNet}
  \end{minipage}
  \quad
  \begin{minipage}[t]{.49\textwidth}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{test_system.jpg}
    \caption{NaNet-1\xspace implemented on an Altera Stratix IV coupled
      with a custom mezzanine card sporting 3 APElink\xspace channels.}
    \label{fig:board}
  \end{minipage}
  \vspace{-20pt}
\end{figure}

NaNet\xspace design supports a configurable number and kind of I/O channels
(see figure~\ref{fig:NaNet}); incoming data streams are processed by a
Physical Link Coding block feeding the Data Protocol Manager that in
turns extracts the payload data.
These payload data are encapsulated in the APEnet+\xspace data packet
protocol by the NaNet\xspace Controller and sent to the APEnet+\xspace Network
Interface, taking care of their delivery to the destination memory.

\subsection {NaNet-1\xspace Hardware Architecture}
\label{sec:nanetone}

The NaNet-1\xspace is a PCIe\xspace Gen2 x8 NIC featuring a standard GbE\xspace
interface able to directly inject an UDP data stream into the memory
of a Fermi- or \mbox{Kepler-class} NVIDIA\xspace GPU leveraging on GPUDirect
RDMA capabilities, implemented on a Stratix IV GX FPGA Dev Kit.
Moreover, it provides 3 \mbox{bi-directional} APElink\xspace channels, with
the addition of a custom mezzanine equipped with 3 QSFP+ connectors.

The GbE\xspace trasmission is designed following the general I/O interface
architecture pointed out in figure~\ref{fig:NaNet}.
Physical Link Coding is Altera Triple Speed Ethernet Megacore (TSE
MAC), providing 10/100/1000~Mbps Ethernet IP modules.
The \textit{UDP offloader} collects data coming from the TSE MAC,
extracting UDP packets payload and providing a \mbox{32-bit} wide
channel achieving 6.4~Gbps, discharging the \texttt{Nios~II}\xspace from the data
protocol management.
Finally, the \textit{NaNet CTRL} is the hardware module in charge of
encapsulating the UDP data in the proprietary APEnet+\xspace protocol,
parallelizing incoming \mbox{32-bit} data words into \mbox{128-bit}
APEnet+\xspace ones.

The \textit{Network Interface}, the packet injection/processing logic
providing hardware support for Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA)
protocol for CPU and GPU and the \textit{Router} with I/O channels
multiplexing tasks are inherited from APEnet+\xspace.
\subsection {NaNet-1\xspace Software Stack}

Software components for NaNet-1\xspace operation are needed both on the x86
host and on the \texttt{Nios~II}\xspace \mbox{FPGA-embedded} $\mu$controller.
On the x86 host, a GNU/Linux kernel driver and an application library
are present.
The application library provides an API mainly for \texttt{open/close}
device operations, registration (\textit{i.e.}\xspace allocation, pinning and returning
of virtual addresses of buffers to the application) and deregistration
of circular lists of persistent receiving buffers (CLOPs) in GPU
and/or host memory and signalling of receive events on these
registered buffers to the application (\textit{e.g.}\xspace to invoke a GPU kernel to
process data just received in GPU memory).
On the $\mu$controller, a single process application is in charge of
device configuration, generation of the destination virtual address
inside the CLOP for incoming packets payload and virtual to physical
memory address translation performed before the PCIe\xspace DMA transaction
to the destination buffer takes place.

\section{Performance Analysis}
\begin{figure}[t]
  \begin{minipage}[t]{.49\textwidth}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[trim=20mm 20mm 10mm 20mm,clip,width=\textwidth]{A60_R08_D2_0_udpsop2comp.pdf}
    \caption {}
    \label{fig:lat_hw_path}
  \end{minipage}
  \quad
  \begin{minipage}[t]{.49\textwidth}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=.8\textwidth]{LeCroy_Latenza_Nanet_TEL62_32packets_clop8.png}
    \caption{}
    \label{fig:lat_tel62_32pkt_clop8}
  \end{minipage}
  \vspace{-10pt}
\end{figure}
We measured NaNet-1\xspace latency and bandwidth using different methods,
then we tested it integrated in a simulated \mbox{GPU-based} RICH L0
trigger processor, measuring performances (latency and throughput) of
the overall system.

Latency of NaNet-1\xspace NIC was benchmarked using several methods.

Firstly, we instrumented the FPGA logic with a dedicated hardware path
traversal latency measurement system able to add a ``profiling''
footer to the packet payload, storing up to 4 cycle counters values
recorded at different packet processing stages.
We were thus able to characterize the latency associated to processing
in relevant NaNet-1\xspace subsystems, namely the {UDP offloader}, the
\texttt{Nios~II}\xspace $\mu$controller and the {Tx} block in the {Network Interface}.
In Fig.~\ref{fig:lat_hw_path} a histogram is plotted with hardware
processing path traversal latency inside NaNet-1\xspace: values show an
appreciable variability, due to the \texttt{Nios~II}\xspace $\mu$controller performing
address generation and virtual to physical translation tasks.
This clearly indicates the need for a redesign, implementing dedicated
FPGA logic blocks performing these two tasks.

A second method was using one of the host GbE\xspace ports to send UDP
packets according to the NA62 RICH readout data protocol to the
NaNet-1\xspace GbE\xspace interface: using the x86 TSC register as a common
reference time, it was possible in a single process test application
to measure latency as time difference between when a received buffer
is signalled to the application and the moment before the first UDP
packet of a bunch (needed to fill the receive buffer) is sent through
the host GbE\xspace port.
Within this measurement setup (``system loopback''), the latency of
the send process is also taken into account.
Measurements in Fig.~\ref{fig:lat_comm_vanilla_rt_nanet_M2070_K20x}
were taken using this method; UDP packets with a payload size of
1168~B (16 events) were sent to a GPU memory receiving buffer of size
variable between 1 and 64 UDP packet payload sizes.

Connecting a TEL62 readout board sending \mbox{Monte Carlo-generated}
events stored onto the FPGA through one of its GbE\xspace ports to a
NaNet-1\xspace board, we were able, besides testing the integration of our
NIC in the working environment, to perform oscilloscope latency
measurements as depicted in Fig.~\ref{fig:lat_tel62_32pkt_clop8}: a
bunch of 32 UDP packets is sent from the TEL62 readout board (red
signal) and 4 PCIe\xspace completion (yellow signal) show the end of the
PCIe\xspace DMA write transaction towards the GPU memory buffers, each sized
8 times the UDP packet payload size.

As anticipated, bandwidth measurement was also performed, both for the
M2070 and the K20Xm system: results are in Fig.~\ref{fig:throughput}.

\begin{figure}[t]
  \begin{minipage}[t]{.49\textwidth}
    \centering \includegraphics[trim=20mm 20mm 10mm
      15mm,clip,width=\textwidth]{nanet_comm_calc_lat_kepler.pdf}
    \caption {}
    \label{fig:ap3iron2}
  \end{minipage}
  \quad
  \begin{minipage}[t]{.49\textwidth}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[trim=20mm 20mm 10mm 15mm,clip,width=\textwidth]{nanet_perf.pdf}
    \caption{}
    \label{fig:throughput}
  \end{minipage}
  \vspace{-20pt}

\end{figure}

A \mbox{GPU-based} L0TP setup scaled down in bandwidth was reproduced
by using a system loopback configuration, with the host system
simulating the TEL62 UDP traffic through one of its GbE\xspace ports towards
a NaNet-1\xspace NIC redirecting incoming data stream towards a GPU memory
circular list of receive buffers; once received, such buffers are
consumed by a CUDA Kernel implementing the MATH \mbox{ring-finding}
algorithm.
Communication and kernel processing tasks were serialized in order to
perform the measure; these are the results for the K20Xm system in
Fig.~\ref{fig:ap3iron2}, representing a \mbox{worst-case} situation.
During normal operation, this serialization constraint can be relaxed,
and kernel processing task overlaps with data communication.
Actually this is what has been done to measure system throughput,
results are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:throughput}.
Combining the two results, we see that using GPU receive buffer sizes
ranging from 128 to 1024 events allow the system to remain within the
1~ms time budget while keeping a $\sim1.7$~MEvents/s throughput.

\section{Conclusions and Future Work}
Our NaNet\xspace design proved to be efficient in performing real-time\xspace data
communication between the NA62 RICH readout system and the GPU-based L0
trigger processor over a single GbE link.
These encouraging results are corroborated by benchmarks carried on
using one APElink\xspace 34~Gbps channel supported by NaNet-1\xspace ~\cite{NanetTwepp:2013}.
To cope with the full system bandwidth requirement we started developing a NaNet\xspace design supporting dual 10GbE\xspace on SFP+ ports.

\section*{Acknowledgment}
This work was partially supported by the EU Framework Programme 7 project EURETILE under grant number 247846.
G. Lamanna, F. Pantaleo, R. Piandani and M. Sozzi thank the GAP
project, partially supported by MIUR under grant RBFR12JF2Z ``Futuro
in ricerca 2012''; R. Ammendola was supported by MIUR through INFN SUMA project.

\section*{References}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv