text:
Die Pfefferkörner und der Fluch des Schwarzen Königs ist ein deutscher Kinofilm, der am 7. September 2017 erschien. Der Film ist die erste von zwei Bearbeitungen der seit dem Jahr 2000 laufenden  Kinder- und Jugendfernsehserie Die Pfefferkörner fürs Kino. In diesem Film, der kurz vor Ausstrahlung der 14. Staffel veröffentlicht wurde, sind vier der fünf Pfefferkörner der 9. Generation, Mia, Alice, Johannes und Benny, die Hauptdarsteller. Weiterer Hauptdarsteller ist Luca, der nur im Film vorkommt. Neben Hamburg spielt der Film auch in Südtirol.

Zum ersten Mal im Fernsehen wurde der Film am 27. Oktober 2019 im Ersten gezeigt. 2021 kam der zweite Kinofilm der Reihe, Die Pfefferkörner und der Schatz der Tiefsee, in die Kinos.

Handlung
Im Film (wie auch später in der 14. Staffel der Serie) wird nicht gezeigt, wie die Pfefferkörner der 8. Generation Stella, Ramin, Pinja, Till und Jale durch die neuen abgelöst werden.

Zu Beginn des Filmes wird eine Verfolgungsjagd gezeigt (sie endet auf dem Schiff Cap San Diego), in der Mia, Alice und Benny bereits die Pfefferkörner sind und auch von Polizisten als solche bezeichnet werden. Die weitere Handlung des Filmes ist von dieser Verfolgungsjagd losgelöst.

In der Klasse von Benny und Mia ist eine Klassenfahrt nach Südtirol geplant. Ziel ist der Bauernhof, auf dem Luca Gruber zu Hause ist. Da sie Luca anderweitig bereits kennen, skypen sie vorher mit ihm. Dabei warnt er sie zu kommen, wird aber nicht konkret, worauf diese Warnung beruht. Die beiden lassen sich von der Warnung aber nicht abschrecken und nehmen wie geplant teil.

Allerdings wäre die Klassenfahrt beinahe ausgefallen, weil die Lehrerin, die mitfahren soll, erkrankt. Da Bennys Mutter als weibliche Begleitperson einspringt, kann sie aber stattfinden.
Unmittelbar vor der Fahrt stößt Johannes als neuer Schüler zu der Klasse. Er fällt schon dadurch auf, dass er von einem Chauffeur gebracht wird. Außerdem kursiert unter den Schülern das Gerücht, dass er in seiner bisherigen Klasse andere Schüler geschlagen haben soll.

Als die Klasse in Südtirol ankommt, ist Luca von deren Ankunft nicht begeistert. Tatsächlich kommt es bald zu zwei Vorfällen: das Wasser aus einer Quelleinfassung färbt sich schwarz. Dort befindet sich auch das Zeichen des schwarzen Königs. In der Nacht kommt es dann zu einem Brand in einem Tierstall.

Luca berichtet den anderen von merkwürdigen Stimmen und Lichtern in einem alten Stollen. Als am nächsten Tag die Klasse eine Bergwanderung macht, begleitet er sie. Benny, Mia und er setzen sich dann von der Klasse ab und erkunden diesen Stollen. Sie flüchten aber, als die Erscheinungen wieder auftreten.

Zurück auf dem Hof wird gerade Lucas Vater wegen des Brandes verhaftet. Ausgerechnet Johannes, der nicht an der Bergwanderung teilgenommen hatte, weil er sich auf dem Hof umsehen wollte, hatte der Polizei einen Hinweis gegeben, dass er beobachtet hat, wie Lucas Vater eine ganze Kiste leere Flaschen Brandbeschleuniger wegfuhr. Zuvor hatte er Filmausschnitte entdeckt, die zeigten, wie Lucas Vater sich mit jemandem stritt. Die Anderen sind über Johannes' Meldung an die Polizei so entsetzt, dass sie nicht mehr mit ihm reden. Später verschwindet Johannes.

Benny als Computerfreak macht ausfindig, dass Johannes zwischenzeitlich noch diverse Zeitungsartikel im Internet über eine Firma Levartis aufgerufen hat. Die Zentrale dieser Firma ist in Hamburg. Daher beauftragen sie Alice sich in der Zentrale umzuschauen. Dieser gelingt es, dort Fotos von den Plänen einer Wasserabfüllanlage zu machen. Die vier finden heraus, dass die Firma Wasser teuer verkaufen will.

Als Luca seinem Onkel Lorenz, dem Bruder seines Vaters, von seiner Entdeckung berichtet, geht dieser mit ihm zu dem alten Stollen, wo er dann aber überraschend Luca einsperrt.

Benny und Mia fahren mit einer Seilbahn zu deren Bergstation hoch. Dort gelingt es ihnen, die Inhaberin dieser Firma Levartis im Gespräch mit dem örtlichen Bürgermeister, wo es um die Baugenehmigung dieser Wasserabfüllanlage geht, abzuhören.

Es stellt sich heraus, dass der Verkauf von Land des Gruber-Hofs für die Anlage unbedingt erforderlich ist. Onkel Lorenz gehört zu den Verschwörern und geht davon aus, dass Lucas Vater infolge des Prozesses verkaufswillig sein wird. Der Bürgermeister befürwortet die Anlage nicht mehr, weil ihm mittlerweile ein Gutachten über drohende Umweltschäden vorliegt.

An dieser Stelle wird die Abhöraktion von Benny und Mia entdeckt. Sie können zunächst fliehen. Am Schluss laufen sie aber der Inhaberin von Levartis in die Arme, die sie zwingt, ihr den Laptop mit den Aufzeichnungen auszuhändigen. Schließlich werden sie von der Polizei zurück zum Gruber-Hof gebracht.

Luca hat unterdessen im Stollen herausgefunden, dass die Erscheinungen künstlich erzeugt wurden, um neugierige Personen abzuschrecken. Gemeinsam mit Johannes, der auch in dem Stollen gefangen gehalten wird, entdecken sie einen unterirdischen See und können dann durch die Berge flüchten. Sie kommen genau dann am Gruber-Hof an, als die Polizei, die Benny und Mia gebracht hat, wegfahren will. Aufgrund ihrer Aussage wird Onkel Lorenz festgenommen.

Allerdings steht damit nicht die Unschuld von Lucas Vater fest. Außerdem weigert sich die Versicherung für den Brandschaden aufzukommen.

Um das zu klären, würden sie Bennys Laptop brauchen, den sie in Hamburg, in der Zentrale von Levartis orten. Johannes erklärt den anderen, dass er in seiner früheren Klasse sich gegen die anderen nur verteidigt hat. Die damaligen Mitschüler hatten ihn angegriffen, weil er melden wollte, dass sie andere erpressten.

Er bietet den Pfefferkörnern an, mit dem Privat-Jet seiner Eltern nach Hamburg zu fliegen und dort den Laptop aus der Konzernzentrale zu holen. Mit gemeinsamen Kräften gelingt ihnen das auch.

Da gerade die Präsentation des neuen Wassers stattfindet, spielen sie die Aufnahme von der Bergstation dort über Lautsprecher ein. Die Firmeninhaberin wird verhaftet. Als die vier nach Südtirol zurückkehren, kehrt auch gerade Lucas Vater aus dem Gefängnis zurück.

Drehorte
Drehorte waren die Fanes-Hochfläche und der Große Lagazuoi. Letzterer Berg gehört in Wirklichkeit nicht mehr zu Südtirol, sondern bereits zur weiter südlich liegenden Provinz Belluno. Die auf der Fanes gelegene Lavarellahütte verkörpert im Film den Gruber-Hof.

Kritik

Nominierungen und Auszeichnungen
 2017: KIJUKO-Filmpreis
 2017: EMMI in der Kategorie "Bester Kinderfilm"
 2018: Nominierung für den Preis der deutschen Filmkritik in der Kategorie "Bester Kinderfilm"
 2018: Erster Preis beim Kirchlichen Filmfestivals Recklinghausen in der Kategorie "Bester Kinder- und Jugendfilm"
 2018: Deutscher Filmmusikpreis für den Song Räuber und Gangster in der Kategorie "Bester Song im Film"

Fortsetzung
2019 wurde eine Fortsetzung mit dem Titel Die Pfefferkörner und der Schatz der Tiefsee gedreht, in dem eine neue Generation eingeführt wird.

Weblinks

 Die Pfefferkörner 2017 - die neunte Generation. Kurzporträts der Rollen und ihrer Schauspieler beim NDR

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 2017
Deutscher Film
Abenteuerfilm
Jugendfilm
Die Pfefferkörner


text:
Josef Hofbauer (* 1956 in St. Pölten, Niederösterreich) ist ein österreichischer Mathematiker. Er ist Professor für Biomathematik an der Fakultät für Mathematik der Universität Wien.

Leben
Hofbauer studierte Mathematik an der Universität Wien, wo er 1978 bei Johann Cigler zum Thema Beiträge zu Rota's Theorie der Folgen von Binomialtyp promovierte (die formale Promotion erfolgte 1979 sub auspiciis Praesidentis rei publicae) und war danach an der Universität Wien, der Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, der University of Alberta in Edmonton, sowie dem Collegium Budapest tätig. 2004 trat er eine Professur am University College London an. 2006 wurde er an die Universität Wien berufen.

Hofbauers Spezialgebiete sind Dynamische Systeme und ihre Anwendungen im Bereich der Biomathematik sowie Evolutionäre Spieltheorie. Er kooperierte und publizierte mit Karl Sigmund.

Schriften
mit Karl Sigmund: Evolutionstheorie und Dynamische Systeme. Parey, 1984 (englische Ausgabe: Dynamical Systems and the theory of Evolution. Cambridge University Press, 1990).
mit K. Sigmund: Evolutionary Games and Population Dynamics. Cambridge University Press, 1998.
mit K. Sigmund Evolutionary Game Dynamics. In: Bulletin AMS. Bd. 40, 2003, S. 479–519.

Weblinks
 Website von Josef Hofbauer

Einzelnachweise

Mathematiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Mathematiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (University College London)
Hochschullehrer (Universität Wien)
Sub-auspiciis-Promovierter (Universität Wien)
Person (St. Pölten)
Österreicher
Geboren 1956
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Тихвінська оборонна операція — прийнята в радянській історіографії назва оборонної операції частки сил Ленінградського фронту та 52-ї і 4-ї окремих армій в ході битви за Ленінград у районі Тихвін-Волхов у жовтні-листопаді 1941 року. Також на думку деяких дослідників радянсько-німецької війни операцію правильно називати Тихвінсько-Волховською оборонної операцією.

Хід операції

Командування групи армій «Північ» (генерал-фельдмаршал В. фон Лееб), прагнучи швидше опанувати Ленінградом і зазнавши невдачі у спробах його штурму, вирішило завдати удар через Тихвін на Лодєйне Поле, з'єднатися з фінськими військами на р. Свір і тим самим повністю блокувати Ленінград. Німці зосередили в районі південніше Кіріши — Любань — Чудово I-й армійський і XXXIX-й моторизований корпуси (4 піхотних, 2 танкові і 2 моторизовані дивізії).

Радянські війська обороняли 130-км фронт на Тихвінському напрямку по правому берегу р. Волхов силами 52-ї (генерал-лейтенант М. К. Кликов) і 4-ї (генерал-лейтенант В. Ф. Яковлєв) окремих армій, що мали 5 стрілецьких і 1 кавалерійську дивізії неповного складу. На Волховському напрямку оборонялися війська 54-ї армії Ленінградського фронту (генерал-лейтенант М. С. Хозін, з 26 жовтня — генерал-майор І. І. Федюнінського), головні сили якої були зосереджені на заході і готувалися до наступу на синявінськом напрямку.

16 жовтня 1941 противник, маючи перевагу в піхоті і артилерії в 3-4 рази і абсолютне в танках, перейшов у наступ проти 52-ї та 4-ї армій, наносячи головний удар на Будогощ — Тихвін і допоміжний — на Малу Вішеру. Радянські війська чинили запеклий опір, але під натиском переважаючих сил ворога були змушені 22 жовтня залишити Велику Вішеру, а 23 жовтня — Будогощ. Наступ 54-ї армії на синявінськом напрямку, розпочатий 20 жовтня, успіху не мав, хоча і скував до 5 німецьких дивізій.

24 жовтня ворог для забезпечення лівого флангу свого наступаючого угруповання завдав удару вздовж р. Волхов на Кіріши і потіснив ліве крило 54-ї армії на Волховському напрямі. Для ліквідації прориву Ставка ВГК направила резерви до 52-ї і 4-ї армій, а також на Тихвінський напрямок перекинула 4 стрілецькі дивізії з Ленінградського фронту (2 дивізії були перекинуті літаками), 3 — зі свого резерву та 1 — з резерву Північно-Західного фронту. Ладозька військова флотилія в штормових умовах переправила із західного на східний берег озера 2 стрілецькі дивізії і окрему бригаду морської піхоти для оборони Тихвіну і Волховської ГЕС.

27 жовтня радянські війська зупинили просування противника на рубежі р. Мала Вішерка (52-га армія) і в районі Сітомлі (4-та армія). Німецьке командування було змушене перекинути танкові й моторизовані частини з-під Малої Вішери на Тихвінський напрямок і 5 листопада відновило наступ. 8 листопада противник зайняв Тихвін, перерізавши останню залізницю, по якій підвозилися до Ладозького озера вантажі для Ленінграда. На Волховському напрямі противник почав наступ 28 жовтня. Після напружених боїв війська 54-ї армії до 25 листопада зупинили противника на ближніх підступах до Волхову.

Наполегливою обороною радянські війська знекровили ворога, не допустили його виходу до р. Свір і до Ладозького озера і створили передумови для переходу в контрнаступ.

Операція тривала протягом 43 діб, при ширині фронту бойових дій в 300—350 кілометрів і глибині відходу радянських військ в 100—120 кілометрів.

Підсумки операції
Тихвінська оборонна операція стала однією з перших оборонних операцій радянських військ, у ході якої німецькі війська не змогли досягти своїх оперативних цілей. Незважаючи на те, що Вермахт мав у ході операції часткові успіхи, зокрема, в центрі наступу основних сил був захоплений Тихвін, що призвело до припинення постачання Ленінграда залізницею, був зірваний план прориву блокади Ленінграда військами 54-ї армії, але в цілому на жодному напрямі наступу цілі досягнуті не були.

В ході оборонної операції був зірваний головний план німецького командування з'єднатися з фінськими військами в районі річки Свір, за рахунок чого була б завершена повна блокада Ленінграда, і безсумнівно, в цьому випадку Ленінград, а разом з ним Балтійський флот і війська, що оборонялися навколо Ленінграду, були б приречені. Допоміжні удари на північ і на південь також не принесли успіху. На південному фланзі німецького наступу був зірваний план захоплення Тихвіну глибоким охопленням з півдня і можливе з'єднання військ групи армій «Північ» з військами групи армій «Центр» північніше Калініна. Північніше ж, незважаючи на наполегливі спроби німецьких військ, був зірваний їх план виходу на південне узбережжя Ладозького озера. При цьому, однак, варто підкреслити, що захоплення Тихвіну німецькими військами стало однією з реальних причин зменшення пайків, і як наслідок масового голоду взимку 1941—1942 року в блокадному Ленінграді.

Див. також
 Ленінградська оборонна операція
 1-ша Синявінська операція
 2-га Синявінська операція
 Дем'янська операція (1941)
 Торопецько-Холмська операція

Література
 Исаев А. В. Котлы 41-го. История ВОВ, которую мы не знали. — М.: Эксмо, 2005. — 400 с. — ISBN 5-699-12899-9
 Исаев А. В. Пять кругов ада. Красная армия в котлах. — М.: Эксмо, 2008. — 416 с. — ISBN 978-5-699-28995-0
 Кривошеев Г. Ф. Россия и СССР в войнах XX века. Потери вооруженных сил: Статистическое исследование. — М.: Олма-Пресс, 2001. — 320 с. — ISBN 5-17-024092-9
 Сяков Ю. Волхов в огне. Документальный очерк. — СПб.: Волховская типография, 1997.
 Шигин Г. А. Битва за Ленинград: крупные операции, «белые пятна», потери / Под ред. Н. Л. Волковского. — СПб.: Полигон, 2004. — 320 с. — ISBN 5-17-024092-9

Мемуари
 Гальдер Ф. От Бреста до Сталинграда. Военный дневник. Ежедневные записи начальника генерального штаба сухопутных войск 1941—1942 годов. — Смоленск: Русич, 2001. — 656 с. — (Мир в войнах). — ISBN 5-313-00026-8
 Хаупт В. Группа армий «Север». Бои за Ленинград. 1941—1944. / Пер. Е. Захарова. — М.: Центрполиграф, 2005. — 384 с. — (За линией фронта. Мемуары). — ISBN 5-9524-1672-1

Посилання
 Тихвинская оборонительная операция (16.10.41-18.11.41)
 Тихвинская оборонительная операция (16.10—18.11 1941 г.)
 Тихвинская оборонительная операция. 16 октября — 18 ноября 1941 г. — карта операції
 Тихвинская оборонительная операция 1941 года.
 Тихвинская оборонительная операция

Примітки

Східноєвропейський театр воєнних дій Другої світової війни
Битва за Ленінград
Конфлікти в 1941
Битви в СРСР
Битви в Росії
Битви Німеччини в Другій світовій війні
Битви СРСР
Жовтень 1941
Листопад 1941
1941 в СРСР
Події 16 жовтня


text:
"Interdisciplinary Studies and Women Modernists" Northeast Modern Language Association (NeMLA) 7-10 April, 2011.
Wednesday, August 25, 2010 - 5:31pm
Laurel Harris, CUNY Graduate Center
In her recent anthology _Gender in Modernism_, Bonnie Kime Scott opens the literary field to include disciplines previously left out of the modernist frame such as dance, painting, cinema, and the sciences. In doing so, Scott broadens the scope of modernism and, in particular, provides new angles of inquiry into the work of women literary modernists. This panel will further explore this interdisciplinary move, asking how, and to what effect, we might bring the insights of other disciplines to bear on questions of gender in literary modernism. How did visual, aural, and performative art forms influence the work of modernist women writers?
Hando No Kuzushi - Asian American Literature E-Zine
Hando No Kuzushi
Hando No Kuzushi, an online literary journal, is gearing up for its third issue, tentatively scheduled to be posted at the end of September. We are seeking poetry, short works of fiction and non-fiction - and even academic essays - that pertain to the Asian American experience in 21st Century America. There is no set deadline.
For a better idea of what we are looking for, visit our website at hnkuzushi.blogspot.com. A judo term, Hando No Kuzushi denotes the unsettling of balance through reaction. That sounds about right to us...
All submissions must be emailed to Quinata.Delgado@gmail.com. We will do our best to respond within a few days.
Literary Darwinism and Social Justice (Sept. 19) (April 7-10 2011) [UPDATE]
Wednesday, August 25, 2010 - 10:02am
Literary Darwinism and Social Justice Panel
42nd Annual Convention, Northeast Modern Language Association (NeMLA)
April 7-10, 2011
New Brunswick, NY – Hyatt New Brunswick
Host Institution: Rutgers University
[update] Medical Visions of Modernism
Tuesday, August 24, 2010 - 2:50pm
42nd Annual NeMLA, New Brunswick, NJ at Rutgers University
The emerging disciplines of psychology, neurology, phrenology, and finally psychoanalysis at the end of the nineteenth century supplied the modernist project in literature with new perspectives of the human subject and also with new languages, new idioms and vocabularies with which to describe the structure of subjectivity and its images, perceptions, and sensations. This panel seeks to explore the relationship between emerging medical disciplines and Modernism. We are particularly interested in papers which explore the role of language--and its limits--in articulating illness in literary fiction, medical treatises, and film studies.
Medical Visions of Modernism--update
Narrated Objects: Literature and Material Culture in Latin America, NeMLA April 2011 New Brunswick, NJ
Tuesday, August 24, 2010 - 11:55am
This panel will address the relationships between literature and materiality in the Latin American cultural production of the 19th and 20th. The topics of the panel include, but are not limited to: subject/object relationship; commodity fetishism; materiality and visuality; forms, surfaces, and their boundaries; the text as an object; thing theory. Please send 300-500 word abstracts and brief biographical statements (English or Spanish) to Laura Gandolfi, gandolfi@princeton.edu
Deadline: September 15th
[UPDATE] Chicago Theatre Symposium May 18-22, 2011
Columbia College Chicago
COLUMBIA COLLEGE CHICAGO HOSTS
INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CHICAGO THEATRE;
CALL FOR PAPERS ISSUED WITH
EXTENDED DEADLINE
[UPDATE] FORUM journal CfP: 'Identity' issue. Submission deadline: 1st September 2010
Monday, August 23, 2010 - 1:47pm
FORUM: The Postgraduate Journal of Culture and the Arts; University of Edinburgh
Call for Papers, Issue 11 — IDENTITY
'Who are you?' said the Caterpillar.
This was not an encouraging opening for a conversation. Alice replied, rather shyly, 'I—I hardly know, sir, just at present—at least I know who I was when I got up this morning, but I think I must have been changed several times since then.'
— from Alice in Wonderland
Literature and Transgression: 3rd International "Literature and..." Graduate Student Conference (May 2-3, 2011)
Saturday, August 21, 2010 - 10:20am
Istanbul University, Department of American Culture and Literature
LITERATURE AND TRANSGRESSION
THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL "LITERATURE AND …" GRADUATE STUDENT CONFERENCE
2-3 May, 2011, Istanbul University
"Because the law worketh wrath: for where no law is, there is no transgression."
- Romans 4:15
"Are not laws dangerous which inhibit the passions? Compare the centuries of anarchy with those of the strongest legalism in any country you like and you will see that it is only when the laws are silent that the greatest actions appear."
- Marquis de Sade
Call for Articles-Sequential Art, Graphic Novels, comics and Education
Friday, August 20, 2010 - 5:17pm
Rob Weiner
CFP: Sequential Art, Graphic Novels, and Comics in Education
Edited by Robert G. Weiner and Carrye Syma Texas Tech University Library
In recent years the use of graphic novels, comics, and sequential art in education has exploded. This is due not only to the boom in superhero movies that are based on comic book characters, but also to the wide literary range that graphic novels now have. There are now literally hundreds of college and university courses all over the world that are using graphic novels in their curriculum. The days when comics were just seen as children's trash, with no redeeming literary or educational value, are hopefully behind us.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Wednesday 19th November The Morning Show with Declan Meehan
Wednesday 19th November The Morning Show with Declan Meehan 10- 11am •We spoke to FF Councillor Pat Fitzgerald about water treatment issues in Arklow and Auctioneer Gabriel Dooley spoke to us about the we're not leaving campaign and protecting people who long term rent. We were also joined in studio by Ashford Based Counsellor Richard Bury who talked about International Mens day and general issues facing men and various events taking place around the Country and we heard how you can use your old bike to help people less fortunate in Africa from Dan Courtney, Bray Rotary Club 11am-midday • We were joined in studio by Margo who talked about 50 years in the business, her new album, book and being Daniels big sister and we spoke to Niall O'Connor, Political Correspondent with Irish Independent about the Dail atmosphere so far. We were also joined in studio by Ward Thomas who performed live.
Friday 21st November, The Morning Show with Declan...
Thursday 20th November The Morning Show with Decla...
Wednesday 19th November The Morning Show with Dec...
Tuesday 18th November The Morning Show with Decla...
Monday 17th November The Morning Show with Declan...


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Q: The Dataframe.sample method does not return the correct indexs I am trying to create multiple subsets from one dataset.
this in my code :
def create_subdatasets(data, number_of_subdataset):
    subset_len = int(round(len(data))/number_of_subdataset)
    subsets = []
    while (len(data)>0):
        subset = data.sample(subset_len)
        subsets.append(subset)
        data = data.drop(data.index[subset.index])
    return subsets

but have this error :
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- IndexError                                Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-95-587e16cc1433> in <module>
      2 data2 = data
      3 data2 = data2.reset_index()
----> 4 subsets = create_subdatasets(data2, number_of_subdataset)
      5 print(len(subsets))

<ipython-input-94-3f8ca422541f> in create_subdatasets(data, number_of_subdataset)
      6         print(subset.index)
      7         subsets.append(subset)
----> 8         data = data.drop(data.index[subset.index])
      9         #data = data.reset_index()
     10     return subsets

~/anaconda3/envs/tf-gpu/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pandas/core/indexes/base.py in __getitem__(self, key)    4289     4290         key = com.values_from_object(key)
-> 4291         result = getitem(key)    4292         if not is_scalar(result):    4293             return promote(result)

IndexError: index 5068 is out of bounds for axis 1 with size 4995

I understand that indexes of the subset dataframe are different from indexes of data objects, I think this problem is due to the sample method, I'm not sure if this is correct or not. Can someone please help me solve this error.

A: You problem is happening because you are trying to subset your data.index using index labels.
Change this line:
data = data.drop(data.index[subset.index])

to
data = data.drop(subset.index)

However, if your dataframe isn't split to and exactly equal you will face a
"ValueError: Cannot take a larger sample than population when 'replace=False'"  error next.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


After so many near misses, the questions surrounding Mack Brown and the Texas Longhorns had reached a fever pitch by 2004.
Still, the questions lingered. This dramatic highlights video addresses those questions and answers them with a compilation of the most memorable plays from the Longhorns 2005 championship season. Amidst the flood of highlight videos that have emerged since the Rose Bowl, The Texas Passion and The Horns Sound are sure to endure the test of time--they've at least endured the test of me watching them over and over again and making me smile every time.
Either way, future generations of Longhorns will need only these two clips to learn everything you need to know about Vine Young and championship team.


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Uniting Vision and Action
We're gathering expertise from diverse industries to drive ambitious solutions to one of science's — and nature's — greatest challenges. Together, we can stop the next influenza pandemic before it starts.
See the steps we are taking to harness new thinking, scientific advances and technological capabilities in our pursuit of a long-lasting influenza vaccine.
Sabin-Aspen Vaccine Science & Policy Group Convenes
The Sabin-Aspen Vaccine Science & Policy Group convenes influential, out-of-the-box thinkers across scientific, medical, industry and regulatory sectors to vigorously probe a single topic each year and develop actionable recommendations. Meeting 100 years after the 1918 – 1919 influenza epidemic that killed an estimated 50 million people worldwide, the group focused its initial meeting on the urgent need for next-generation vaccines and Big Ideas for jump-starting the development of a universal influenza vaccine.
Influenzer Initiative Holds Call to Action with Vaccine Champions
The Influenzer Initiative, hosted by the Wellcome Trust, engages leaders in influenza and vaccine research, technology, industry, funding and policy to reimagine development of a UIV. Building on their insights, Sabin's funding partner, Flu Lab, working with the Center for Open Science and the Public Library of Science, launches a platform to expand access to null and negative research results and encourage replication of influenza research findings.
Sabin-Aspen Vaccine Science & Policy Group Report Issued
Following their initial meeting, the Group releases a report communicating the urgent need for a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) and putting forward bold recommendations.
Options X Conference Spotlights Sabin-Aspen Report
The 10th Options for the Control of Influenza (Options X) conference features a conversation on the Sabin-Aspen Vaccine Science & Policy Group Report, co-hosted by Flu Lab. Representatives of biotech, industry, government, academia and philanthropy probe how the report's "Big Ideas" around scientific collaboration, data sharing and transformative funding can be incentivized and realized.
Explore the Issues Discussed
Building an Innovation Agenda for Universal Influenza Vaccine Development
The 'Convergence Research' paradigm combines previously unconnected knowledge and diverse methods from across the science and technology landscape, shaping novel pathways and innovative approaches to overcome longstanding and vexing societal challenges. Seeking to apply this framework to next-generation influenza vaccines, and building on recommendations of the Sabin-Aspen Vaccine Science & Policy Group, the Influenzer Initiative plans to convene a diverse and bold set of thinkers and leaders. Our ultimate goal: to stimulate the transformative intellectual and capital investment necessary to protect the world from the threat of influenza.
Capturing Lessons from COVID-19
As the pandemic surges, the Influenzer Initiative embarks on a multi-pronged examination of the global response to COVID-19 as a means to inform and inspire the pursuit of universal vaccine protection against influenza. We assess changing practices and policies—across the science and technology landscape, vaccine development and regulatory science, public-private partnerships, and pandemic preparedness—and consider how beneficial changes might be sustained.
· Our Influenzers in Action series celebrates contributions to combatting COVID-19 by members of the influenza community.
· Transitioning from planned in-person engagements, we initiated a documentary video series to capture expert insights on pandemic preparedness, vaccine development, and public health policy from outstanding researchers and industry leaders. Watch our latest video with Dr. Pardis Sabeti.
· To probe key stakeholders' perspectives, we launched a survey querying diverse representatives of science, technology, and funding communities.
· Synthesizing survey results and messages from the video series, the Influenzer Initiative will develop a publication analyzing how the scientific and technological response to COVID-19 could inform and influence the pursuit of a universal influenza vaccine. A convening event will be held in 2021 to define the Innovation Agenda for Universal Influenza Development.
It's Time for a Next-Generation Vaccine
We've been lucky for the last 100 years that we haven't had a pandemic of the magnitude of 1918. If we have one soon, it will be catastrophic, because we live in a world where viruses and bacteria travel around the globe at lightning speed.
Shirley Tilghman, President Emerita of the University and Professor of Molecular Biology and Public Affairs, Princeton University
To solve this enormous problem, we need to go beyond the current strategies that are being deployed and build on great advances in sciences like immunology and structural biology with new ideas from fields like computer science and physics.
Bob Tepper, Co-Founder and General Partner, Third Rock Ventures, LLC
It's absolutely essential that people from different disciplines, with different areas of expertise, come together to solve this huge problem.
Penny Heaton, Chief Executive Officer, Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute
At the moment, pandemic influenza is probably near the top of every government's risk register. We know that there will be another influenza pandemic, and that it will have a massive impact across the world.
Sarah Gilbert, Professor of Vaccinology, Edward Jenner Institute for Vaccine Research, University of Oxford; Co-Founder, Vaccitech
An interdisciplinary convergent model is the most promising way to bring about significant scientific progress.
Harvey Fineberg, President, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation


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Q: Angular2 Reactive Forms losing defaultValue when placed dynamically I am using the dynamic components created under this link using Reactiveforms in angular2.  All works well. When I an tying to place the dyanamic form-field component on specific locations on page using jquery `.html()` method , I am losing the default value of control

https://github.com/mashhoodr/angular2-multicomponent-form

When I am trying to place the components dyanamcally on html to create a 2 column layout, like below , I am losing the defaultValue of controls.

Here's the code of my html :

    <form [formGroup]="step" >

              <form-field [field]="fm.getField(fieldName)" [count]="i"  [editMode]="editMode"  ></form-field>

        </form>
export class ABCComponent {

constructor(){}

    ngAfterViewInit(){

    let mytable = $('

').attr({ id: "tbl-"+this.stepName });

        var tr = [];
      var col_counter: number = 0;
      //for (var i = 0; i < Object.keys(this.step['controls']).length/2; i++) {

            var row = $('

').attr({ class: ["ui", "dividing", "header"].join(' ') }).appendTo(mytable);

         Object.keys(this.step['controls']).map((key)=>{
            $('	').attr({id: key}).appendTo(row);

          if(col_counter>=Object.keys(this.step['controls']).length-1) //Last row only needs to be closed.
          {
            row = $('
').appendTo(mytable);
          }
          else if(col_counter%2==1 )
          {
            row = $('

').attr({ class: ["ui", "dividing", "header"].join(' ') }).appendTo(mytable);

          }
          col_counter++;
        });

        //};

    //  console.log("TTTTT:"+mytable.html());
      mytable.appendTo("#box-"+this.stepName);

     Object.keys(this.step['controls']).map((key)=>{

        $("#"+key).html($("#datadiv-"+key).html());
      }

      });
    }

}

This is the Service class which is fetching the metadata and the data value from the http service. The binding are working fine but not sure what i am missing when I try to place the controls in 2 column layout using jquery
@Injectable()
export class FormFieldService {

 private metadata : Object;
 private loan : ILoan;

  panels: Array<PanelFields> = new Array();

  constructor(private cache: CacheManager){}

  getPanels(objKey?:string, objId?:string) :Array<PanelFields> {

     this.metadata = this.cache.get(objKey);
     if(this.metadata==null) throw 'MetaData for '+objKey+' not loaded.'

     this.loan = this.cache.get(objId);

     if(this.loan==null) throw 'Object Data for '+objId+' not loaded.'
    return  this.getFormFields(this.metadata, this.loan);
   }

getFormFields(metadata :Object, loan: ILoan) :Array<PanelFields> {

   let fields : Array<FormField>;
   Object.keys(metadata).map((key)=>{
      let pf : PanelFields = new PanelFields();
      pf.name = key;

    let objArr = metadata[key];
     fields= new Array();
    objArr.map( (meta: IObjectMetaData)=> {

      if(meta.fieldType=='STRING')
      {
          let tf: TextFormField = new TextFormField({
          name: meta.name,
          label: meta.label,
          **defaultValue: loan[meta.name],**
          required: meta.isRequired,
          inlineHelp: meta.inlineHelpText,
          placeholder: loan[meta.name]

        })
        fields.push(tf);
      }
      else
      {
        if(meta.fieldType=='NUMBER')
        {
          let tf: NumberFormField = new NumberFormField({
          name: meta.name,
          label: meta.label,
          **defaultValue: loan[meta.name],**
          required: meta.isRequired,
          inlineHelp: meta.inlineHelpText,
          placeholder: loan[meta.name]

        })
          fields.push(tf);
        }
      }
   });//map
    pf.fields = fields;
    this.panels.push(pf);
 });//keys

 return this.panels;
}
}

A: I fixed the issue. It seems the Jquery.html() function is not respecting the FormControl property of reactiveforms.  So,instead of using html() i bind the node directly . That works for me.
$("#"+key).replaceWith($("#datadiv-"+key)[0]);


text:
Pearle Hospitality
Spencer's at the Waterfront
Ancaster Mill
Cambridge Mill
Whistle Bear Golf Club
Elora Mill Hotel & Spa
ETT: Bread Bar
The Pearle Hotel & Spa
Pearle Weddings & Events
Seasonally inspired pizzeria & bakery in Hamilton, Guelph, and Burlington
Welcome To Pearle Hospitality
Founded by the Ciancone family in 1936, Pearle Hospitality prides itself on providing guests with genuine and thoughtful experiences; created through extraordinary cuisine, gracious service, inspiring settings and a passion for delivering memorable moments.
The Pearle Hospitality portfolio includes restaurants; catering; a golf club; a farm; two luxury hotels under development; and Pearle Weddings & Events, a group specializing in staging spectacular weddings and events at any of Pearle Hospitality's stunning venues.
Ancaster Mill, originally constructed in 1862, was acquired by the Ciancone family in 1972. It opened as a restaurant in 1979, and a few years later would start operating as a special events venue. Ancaster Mill has carved out its place as one of the most sought after restaurants for a Champagne brunch or special celebration.
In June 2006, the Ciancone family engaged in a lease agreement with the City of Burlington. The concept was to offer residents and visitors a place to discover, celebrate, play and relax by the lake. The lease included space for a restaurant and special event facility, which is now known as Spencer's at the Waterfront. Inclusive in this operation is a quick serve cafe/eatery (3 Bills) to serve families and visitors enjoying the park.
Earth to Table: Bread Bar Hamilton opened its doors in 2010. The restaurant is an extension of the Earth to Table cookbook, co-authored by Executive Chef, Jeff Crump, and Pastry Chef, Bettina Schormann. A second Bread Bar opened in Guelph, Ontario in January 2015.
In 2010, Pearle Hospitality also began a full restoration of the Dickson Mill in Cambridge, a grist mill originally constructed in 1832. In May 2011, the newly restored Cambridge Mill opened as a restaurant and special events venue.
In 2011, Pearle Hospitality purchased Whistle Bear Golf Club in partnership with Regional Sewer and Watermain Ltd. Whistle Bear Golf Club re-opened its clubhouse in July 2014 after a substantial rebuild. With a distinct emphasis on family membership, Whistle Bear is a welcoming place for members and their families to enjoy, relax and celebrate all life's special occasions.
The Earth to Table Farm, located in Flambourough, Ontario, is providing a new generation of farmers with the space and resources they need to take that first step to becoming farmers. It is also home to The Butchery, where our artisan butcher creates our signature Craft Cut Premium Steak for all the Pearle Hospitality restaurants.
Elora Mill was purchased by Pearle Hospitality in 2010. It is currently undergoing a large restoration/renovation process. Once re-open, the facility will host a fine dining restaurant, luxury hotel and spa and gastropub, and will reclaim its rightful place as a premier destination in the Elora area. Opening Spring 2018.
In June 2011, Pearle Hospitality incorporated as Landmark Group. The company was operating under Hillcrest Dairy Limited since 1942. In January 2015, Landmark Group changed its name to Pearle Hospitality.
1936 - Hillcrest Dairy Bar, Hamilton, ON
1957 - Hillcrest Restaurant, Hamilton, ON
1979 - Ancaster Mill, Ancaster, ON
2006 - Spencer's at the Waterfront, Burlington, ON
2010 - Earth to Table: Bread Bar, Hamilton, ON
2011 - Whistle Bear, Cambridge, ON
2011 - Cambridge Mill, Cambridge, ON
2014 - The Farm, Flambourough, ON
2015 - Earth to Table: Bread Bar, Guelph, ON
2018 - Elora Mill Hotel & Spa, Elora, ON
Who is Pearle?
Entrepreneur, wife, mom and chef, Pearle opened Hillcrest Dairy in Hamilton with her husband Jim in 1936. As "the heart behind the company," Pearle was a true trailblazer whose work ethic, business acumen, passion, love of history and meticulous attention to detail made Hillcrest a tremendous success.
A green thumb and fabulous cook, Pearle embraced the concept of eating local decades before it became so popular and always put people, especially family, first.
Pearle established a decades-long legacy of genuine and thoughtful hospitality that endures in our company to this day.
We adopt Pearle's name to honour and respect this honest, smart and courageous woman and to remind us all of how hard work, integrity and fabulous food always pay off!
The Pearle Hotel & Spa in Home and Lifestyle Magazine
Upon arrival, guests are welcomed by textured limestone and warm hues of the hotel lobby, instantly sparking an autumnal ambiance. Anchoring the lobby, a grand cascading spiral staircase leads the journey through the hotel's inviting amenities.
Elora Mill in the Toronto Star
Even Jocelyn Maurice, The Mill's managing partner, can't say enough about the scenic views that surround the hotels. "You can sit the second-floor café and look out over the gorge or have a manicure-pedicure while overlooking the gorge," she explains. "Everyone gets prime view."
"Everyone gets a prime view," says Jocelyn Maurice, The Elora Mill Hotel and Spa's managing partner.
We have full and part-time positions available starting immediately in Burlington, Hamilton, Ancaster, Cambridge, and Elora.
View Job Posting
This person is responsible for contributing to the delicious, high-quality food being delivered by the kitchen team, and should be interested in surpassing guest expectations and providing a incredible culinary experience. The Chef de Partie plays an integral role for the Back of House team and is accountable for the overall success of their station. Acting as a role model, alongside the Sous Chef, this individual is responsible for guiding, training and developing the Cooks who are new to their station. An experienced culinary talent, the Chef de Partie thoroughly understands the workings of their station, how it interacts with other stations and what is required for its success.
To enjoy the good things in life with good people.
To enrich each moment through genuine and thoughtful actions.
As part of our efforts to ensure consistently high standards for all of our guests we would greatly appreciate your feedback. If you have any comments or concerns regarding a recent visit to one of our Pearle Hospitality locations, please get in touch.
Contact Pearle Hospitality
What is five times five?


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New Media Fellow Burcu Bakioglu brings study of changing media culture
Cassidy Wilson
This year, Lawrence has hired Postdoctoral Fellow in New Media Studies Burcu Bakioglu to address changes in media and entertainment from an academic standpoint. Bakioglu is an expert in the emerging field of New Media Studies and is teaching three new courses on the subject this year.
Bakioglu received her Master's degree and Ph.D. from the Comparative Literature Studies Department at Indiana University. She began her career studying post-modern novels by authors such as Italo Calvino and Vladimir Nabokov and was interested in novels that, in her own words, "force the reader to jump around and shuffle the text during the reading process."
Soon, however, she came to realize that these kinds of formats were also in use on the Internet. Wikipedia, for example, is a public encyclopedia where readers can click hyperlinks within the text and move fluidly from one concept to another. This began to shift her academic focus from literature to the digital communities and cultures that create new media texts.
When asked to define "new media," Bakioglu specified that she prefers the term "emerging technologies" or "emerging media." This is because "most of the media that we perceive to be 'old media' was new once upon a time."
Bakioglu described a process in which "established media and emerging media co-exist for an extended period of time. During this time, older media develop new functions and find new audiences and emerging media occupy the cultural space of the older media."
When asked about the importance of studying these changes, Bakioglu answered, "As a society, we are going through a major transition as a result of these emerging technologies, and we need to develop the literacy and fluency of what these new media mean because they affect all aspects of our lives."
Bakioglu is teaching three new courses this year. Last term, she introduced the course Digital Cultures, which she said "interrogates the nature of digital media and examines the ways in which new information technologies are affecting everyday life, culture, institutions, and identities." As part of the course, students must blog, tweet and use various other forms of social media.
This term, she is teaching the course Order, Conflict, & Unrest in Virtual Worlds, which she described as an investigation of "the governance of virtual worlds, as well as the conflict and unrest that emerge in these environments." Students in this course engage in these virtual gaming and social worlds and even "do investigative reporting" within them.
Next term, Bakioglu's course will be called Interarts: New Media Projects, which will help students develop skills in online storytelling, writing and design. Guest lecturers will describe the theoretical and technical aspects of their online work, and students will learn how to use a series of internet-based technical tools in order to complete a final project posted on their own sites.
Bakioglu says she has enjoyed working with Lawrence students, who she described as "outstanding…They are open to new things, testing things out, willing to tag along for the ride." She hopes that students who take her classes will gain a stronger sense of media literacy and learn to think critically about the new media they use every day.
The Lawrentian Staff - February 16, 2012
Cassidy Wilson This year, Lawrence has hired Postdoctoral Fellow in New Media Studies Burcu Bakioglu to address changes in media and entertainment from an academic standpoint. Bakioglu is an expert in the emerging field of New Media Studies and is teaching three new courses on the subject this year. Bakioglu received her Master's degree and…


text:
What Does Novikov Accuse The United States Of?
3. What does Novikov claim the United States planned during the Second World War? Europe is so broken down that they won't be able to rebuild without the help of the United States. Without the United States helping Europe rebuild, the world economy would struggle, and peace wouldn't be certain.
How did Novikov describe the United States?
How does Novikov portray American foreign power?
What was the purpose of the Novikov telegram?
Who was Nicholas Novikov When did he write this telegram quizlet?
How did Nikolai Novikov view the goals of the US and how were those goals to be accomplished?
Why did the United States get involved in Vietnam?
How does Novikov describe the United States quizlet?
What was cominform and what did it do?
What was Winston Churchill's Iron Curtain speech?
What was agreed at the Tehran Conference?
What similarities do US and Soviet telegraphs share?
How did the Novikov telegram cause tension?
Who was Nicolas Novikov?
What deal did Khrushchev propose to JFK?
What caused the Berlin Blockade?
What was the Clifford Elsey report?
Why did the United States lose the Vietnam War?
Is the Russian word that was used to describe the increased openness in Soviet society in the 1980s?
How did the Soviet Union interpret the United States Marshall Plan?
Why did the US fail in Vietnam?
Who ended Vietnam War?
What did Henry Wallace believe?
What do you know about Iron Curtain?
What is meant by the Iron Curtain?
What did glasnost impact in the Soviet Union specifically?
What is the purpose of Churchill's speech quizlet?
Why did Churchill use the phrase Iron Curtain to describe events in Europe?
How did the phrase Iron Curtain reinforce Churchill's overall message?
What was Cominform BBC Bitesize?
What are salami tactics Cold War?
How did the Berlin Blockade cause tension?
What does cominform stand for?
What were the consequences of the Berlin Blockade?
What was agreed at Yalta and Potsdam?
Why did the US and Britain agree to Stalin's terms at the Tehran conference?
Who are the big 3 in history?
Why did Novikov write the telegram?
Which statement best describes the United States and the Soviet Union during World War II?
When was the Novikov telegram?
What did the Novikov telegram say?
What does Novikov claim the United States planned?
Was Nicholas Novikov a Soviet ambassador?
-Novikov describes the U.S. as monopolistic. He uses the evidence of all the forces of American diplomacy being enlisted in the service of the foreign policy. … -Novikov claims that they planned to enter at the last minute so they could easily affect the outcome of the war.
1 Novikov portrays the United States as an imperial power in conflict with Soviet and Russian ideals. … Novikov suggests that this position in the war allowed the US to get lucky, becoming a major world power only because of the minimal damage obtained by a late entrance into the war.
The Novikov Telegram
These two telegrams set the scene for the Cold War in Europe. The USSR would attempt to dominate Eastern Europe and spread communism where possible. The USA would commit to a policy of containment , which meant stopping the spread of communism into Western Europe.
Document 2: THE NOVIKOV TELEGRAM. The Soviet ambassador in Washington, Nikolai Novikov, drafted this telegram in September 1946 stressing the dangers of possible U.S. economic and military domination worldwide.
Novikov declared that the United States was striving for "world supremacy." He suggested that because Europe was so devastated by World War II (1939–45), the United States would "infiltrate" countries with offers of aid to rebuild. This strategy, according to Novikov, fit with U.S. plans for world domination.
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China had become communist in 1949 and communists were in control of North Vietnam. The USA was afraid that communism would spread to South Vietnam and then the rest of Asia. It decided to send money, supplies and military advisers to help the South Vietnamese Government.
-Novikov describes the U.S. as monopolistic. He uses the evidence of all the forces of American diplomacy being enlisted in the service of the foreign policy.
Cominform was officially established on 5 October 1947 with the intended purpose of coordinating actions between European communist parties under the direction of the Soviet Union. … Its members were communist parties and as such, would guarantee the safeguard the monolith of the communist movement.
Iron Curtain speech, speech delivered by former British prime minister Winston Churchill in Fulton, Missouri, on March 5, 1946, in which he stressed the necessity for the United States and Britain to act as the guardians of peace and stability against the menace of Soviet communism, which had lowered an "iron curtain" …
The Tehran Conference took place in November 1943. … One major agreement brought about by the Tehran conference was the agreement by Britain and the United States to open up a second front in Europe to help relieve the pressure on Soviet Union who were fighting the Nazis on the Eastern front.
What similarity do the American and Soviet telegraphs share? Both present the other nation as a threat to their security.
The telegram said that the USSR was heavily armed and that Stalin wanted to destroy capitalism as the USSR was expansionist. It also said that Stalin feared the outside world and was paranoid that the West (the US and their allies) wanted to destroy him and the Soviet Union.
Nikolay Ivanovich Novikov, (born April 27 [May 8, New Style], 1744, Bronnitsky, near Moscow, Russia—died July 31 [August 12], 1818, Bronnitsky), Russian writer, philanthropist, and Freemason whose activities were intended to raise the educational and cultural level of the Russian people and included the production of …
What deal does Khrushchev propose to Kennedy? -Khrushchev proposed removing his missiles if Kennedy would publicly announce never to invade Cuba. -If the United States would remove its own nuclear missiles from Turkey the Soviet Union would remove its missiles from Cuba.
What caused the Berlin Blockade? Stalin wanted Germany to remain weak, as a strong Germany could represent a threat to the Soviet Union. The Western Allies disagreed and were encouraging Germany to rebuild in the Western sectors. This angered Stalin who decided to force the Allies out of Berlin.
In Clifford's opinion, the Clifford–Elsey report, as it has come to be known, "contained the seeds of the Marshall Plan, the seeds of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and the basic principles upon which the President relied for the Truman Doctrine." Most historians credit George Elsey as the primary author, …
America "lost" South Vietnam because it was an artificial construct created in the wake of the French loss of Indochina. Because there never was an "organic" nation of South Vietnam, when the U.S. discontinued to invest military assets into that construct, it eventually ceased to exist.
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glasnost, (Russian: "openness") Soviet policy of open discussion of political and social issues. It was instituted by Mikhail Gorbachev in the late 1980s and began the democratization of the Soviet Union.
The Soviet reaction to Marshall's speech was a stony silence. … Molotov immediately made clear the Soviet objections to the Marshall Plan. First, it would include economic assistance to Germany, and the Russians could not tolerate such aid to the enemy that had so recently devastated the Soviet Union.
Failures for the USA
Failure of Operation Rolling Thunder: The bombing campaign failed because the bombs often fell into empty jungle, missing their Vietcong targets. … Lack of support back home: As the war dragged on more and more Americans began to oppose the war in Vietnam.
January 27, 1973: President Nixon signs the Paris Peace Accords, ending direct U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.
As secretary of commerce, Wallace advocated a "middle course" between the planned economy of the Soviet Union and the laissez-faire economics that had dominated the United States before the Great Depression. With his congressional allies, he led passage of the Employment Act of 1946.
The Iron Curtain was a political boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. The term symbolizes the efforts by the Soviet Union (USSR) to block itself and its satellite states from open contact with the West and its allied states.
Iron Curtain, the political, military, and ideological barrier erected by the Soviet Union after World War II to seal off itself and its dependent eastern and central European allies from open contact with the West and other noncommunist areas.
Glasnost was taken to mean increased openness and transparency in government institutions and activities in the Soviet Union (USSR). Glasnost reflected a commitment of the Gorbachev administration to allowing Soviet citizens to discuss publicly the problems of their system and potential solutions.
Churchill described it to be clear that a primary purpose of his talk was to argue for an even closer "special relationship" between the United States and Great Britain—the great powers of the "English-speaking world"—in organizing and policing the postwar world.
Churchill meant that the Soviet Union had separated the eastern European countries from the west so that no one knew what was going on behind the "curtain." He used the word "iron" to signify that it was impenetrable. …
With typical oratorical skills, Churchill introduced the phrase "Iron Curtain" to describe the division between Western powers and the area controlled by the Soviet Union. As such the speech marks the onset of the Cold War.
The Soviet Response
In September 1947 it set up Cominform – the Communist Information Bureau – which had as its aim to tighten Soviet control in Eastern Europe, to build collective heavy industry in those countries and to create a trade network between Communist countries.
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Salami slicing tactics, also known as salami slicing, salami tactics, the salami-slice strategy, or salami attacks, is a divide and conquer process of threats and alliances used to overcome opposition. With it, an aggressor can influence and eventually dominate a landscape, typically political, piece by piece.
Consequently, it greatly increased tensions between the two superpowers. The blockade had convinced the Western powers that they needed to cooperate militarily with other Western countries (Such as Britain and France) in order to protect themselves against the threat of the Soviet Union.
Cominform, formally Communist Information Bureau, or Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers' Parties, Russian Informatsionnoye Byuro Kommunisticheskikh i Rabochikh Party, agency of international communism founded under Soviet auspices in 1947 and dissolved by Soviet initiative in 1956.
As a result of the Soviet blockade, the people of West Berlin were left without food, clothing, or medical supplies. Some U.S. officials pushed for an aggressive response to the Soviet provocation, but cooler heads prevailed and a plan for an airlift of supplies to West Berlin was developed.
After the Yalta Conference of February 1945, Stalin, Churchill, and U.S. President Franklin D. … Roosevelt had agreed to meet following the surrender of Germany to determine the postwar borders in Europe.
The U.S. and Great Britain wanted to secure the cooperation of the Soviet Union in defeating Germany. Stalin agreed, but at a price: the U.S. and Britain would accept Soviet domination of eastern Europe, support the Yugoslav Partisans, and agree to a westward shift of the border between Poland and the Soviet Union.
In World War II, the three great Allied powers—Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union—formed a Grand Alliance that was the key to victory.
The Soviet telegram was sent by Nikolai Novikov from the Washington embassy. It was the belief of Novikov that the United States no longer wished to work together with the Soviet Union and wished to start a war. This informed much of the protective measures which the Soviet Union placed in Europe.
Which statement best describes the United States and the Soviet Union during World War II? They were both members of the Allies.
The Soviet ambassador in Washington, Nikolai Novikov, drafted this telegram in September 1946 stressing the dangers of possible U.S. economic and military domination worldwide.
The Soviet response to The Long Telegram was The Novikov Telegram, in which the Soviet ambassador to the USA, Nikolai Novikov, warned that the USA had emerged from World War Two economically strong and bent on world domination. As a result, the USSR needed to secure its buffer zone in Eastern Europe.
Context: What does Novikov claim the United States planned during the Second World War? -Novikov claims that they planned to enter at the last minute so they could easily affect the outcome of the war.
Most notably, he served as ambassador of the Soviet Union to the United States, being named to that post on 10 April 1946 until he was relieved of his duties on 24 October 1947; he had been away from Washington since being recalled to Moscow for consultations on 26 July that year.
Does The Minimum Wage Cause Unemployment?
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Anthony Cristiano, 31, of Nutley, passed away on Saturday, April 6, 2019. Visitation will be on Friday April 12 at the Biondi Funeral of Nutley, 540 Franklin Avenue, Nutley from 4:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. Relatives and friends are invited to attend a Funeral Mass on Saturday, April 13 at Holy Family Church, 28 Brookline Avenue, Nutley at 10:30 a.m. The cremation will be held privately.
Mr. Cristiano was born in Ridgewood, NJ and was a lifelong resident of Nutley.He was a Restaurant Manager for Ocean Grill One, Del Ray Beach, Florida.
He is survived by his beloved parents John and Kathleen (nee Voigtlander) Cristiano; his cherished sons Anthony Cristiano, Jr. and Dante Antonio Cristiano; his loving brother John M. Cristiano; his loving fiancée Linda D'amato; his dear uncle Dave White and his aunts Linda White and Rosemary Corrao. He is also survived by his many loving cousins and friends.


MALAYSIA-BASED co-working space operator Common Ground is targeting to open at least 8 more hubs in the Philippines by the end of 2019.
"We want to go as aggressive as Malaysia… Hopefully this year we can open at least eight more venues," Ana Lucia Aguila, expansion manager of Common Ground, said during the launch of its second hub located at IBP Tower in Ortigas Center, Pasig City on Feb. 7.
For the additional hubs, she said Common Ground is looking at locations in Ortigas, Alabang and Makati City. Ms. Aguila said there are plans to expand outside of Metro Manila, particularly in Cebu.
"It's pretty much up to the market… Right now Malaysia is a little bit more established, but here in the Philippines, we are open to any new options, any suggestions, so if there is good demand in Cebu, why not," she said.
"I think it's always a vision to go outside Metro Manila because there are also many opportunities. There is Davao. There is even Iloilo… definitely its part of the vision," Tina N. Fernando, head of operations for Common Ground Philippines, added during the launch.
The Ortigas hub is Common Ground's second location after the one in Arthaland Century Pacific Tower, Bonifacio Global City. The hub at 8 Rockwell in Makati City is also expected to open soon.
With the aggressive expansion, Common Ground targets to have about 3,000 seats in the Philippines by end-2019. To compare, Common Ground currently has 12 locations or about 3,500 seats in Malaysia.
Common Ground is also planning to expand in Bangkok, Thailand this year.
"Philippines is the first country that we decided to… expand on, but this year, we are also opening [in] Thailand [in] Bangkok," Ms. Aguila said.
For the Ortigas hub, Common Ground and Ortigas & Company, the developer of the IBP Tower, entered into a joint venture for the co-working space.
"This is our second space. We love this space. When you look at the vibe and the energy of Common Ground in the KL (Kuala Lumpur) sites, we get the same feeling here in IBP Tower. This site is a partnership with the Ortigas real estate group, so we are very happy with the relationship we have with them," Enrique Y. Gonzales, director for Common Ground Philippines, said during the launch.
The Ortigas hub has 70 square meters (sq.m.) of common space called the Grounds, where community events such as workshops and fitness events are held.
The 1,700 sq.m. Ortigas co-working space also has hot desks, fixed desks, private offices, meeting rooms, call booths, WiFi, printers, and café partner St. Louis.
Common Ground Ortigas is currently offering an early bird rate, which ranges from P7,000 to P16,000 per seat depending on the service that the occupier will avail, and will run for three months.
The hub is currently 40% occupied since its soft opening back in December.
For the soon-to-be launched 1,800 sq.m. hub in 8 Rockwell, it has already 30% occupancy.
"BGC opened November. It only took them three months to reach 70%, so we are expecting the same turnover for Ortigas," Jamie Santiago, community manager, said during the launch.


According to Pennsylvania College of Technology's Fall 2016 Fast Facts, there are 54 international students enrolled at the college, having come from Austria, Canada, Germany, Ghana, India, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Thailand, Trinidad & Tobago, United Kingdom and Venezuela.
They are only the latest of many welcome visitors, however, and one group in particular – Chinese engineers – may have had as great an impact on Williamsport Technical Institute, a Penn College forerunner, in its heyday, and on Williamsport in general, as our school and the city had on them.
If you've read the Penn College centennial publication "Working Class," you may have noticed the following reference to a New York Times quote pertaining to WTI: "The institute's detailed attention to connecting instruction with localized workforce needs attracted worldwide interest in its programs.
When I read these paragraphs, I thought, "How cool!" and then didn't think any more about it, until some chance research in online newspapers made me realize the length of the Chinese officers' visit, the breadth of their experiences and the depth of the commitment to learning that brought them to Williamsport.
At the time, China was, like much of the world, embroiled in World War II, attempting to fight off an invasion by Japan onto its soil.
Word of the officers' impending arrival was first published in the Williamsport Gazette & Bulletin of Nov. 2, 1944. It announced that the officers would "arrive in the city this month to combine a course of study and training at the Williamsport Technical Institute and the two Aviation Corporation divisions – Lycoming and Spencer Heater." The men were on the last leg of their journey from Chungking (now spelled Chongqing), and would soon settle in at the YMCA.
Their goal was to learn how to manufacture a training plane, a first step in establishing a postwar aviation industry in their home country.
A photo in the November 1945 edition of The American Legion Magazine shows the officers sitting in a classroom at Williamsport Technical Institute, a forerunner of Penn College. According to the article, the men spent their evenings at WTI, taking courses in blueprint-reading, drafting, foremanship, heat-treating, gear cutting and other technical subjects. Photo courtesy of GRIT Magazine.
"The Chinese coordinator revealed that the engineers will put in a 48-hour work week at the aviation plants and will devote eight additional hours each week to study at the Technical Institute. Sunday will be their only day off.
The article continued to say that their course of study would begin on Dec. 22, only two days after their arrival, that the Chinese Embassy in Washington had requested that only one social event – a dinner planned for Jan. 11 – be held here in their honor, and that the men were defense-plant engineers who had only recently been inducted into the Chinese army. All of their names and ranks were listed, and the group was described as being aged from 24 to 38, with seven of them being husbands and fathers.
It was reported on Feb. 5 that the leading engineer of the group, Maj. Kying-Yun Loh, had presented a history of China at a meeting of the International Club at the YWCA. It was announced on Feb. 15 that Loh would describe youth activities in China to 200 members of the local YMCA boys' groups and their fathers at a fellowship banquet to be held as part of Father-Son Week activities.
A Page 2 article included a moving statement from Loh: "The surrender of (the Japanese) marks a new era of the world. This, undoubtedly, is the achievement of the unselfish co-operation of the Allied nations. And it is also indisputable that such co-operation is the only foundation of lasting peace. This hard experience shows that it is not race or creed that divides good and evil people, but soundness of conscience makes the difference.
"During this long while, we Chinese were much inspired and encouraged by the sympathetic attitude in the beginning and full-hearted alliance at the later, from the United States. The world is very deeply impressed by the hard working and hard fighting spirits of you Americans. Our people are grateful of our friendly neighbor, and at the same time feel the importance of keeping ourselves worthy of our friends.
Tens of thousands crowd downtown Williamsport to witness a spontaneous parade on Aug. 14, 1945, to celebrate the surrender of Japan in World War II. Among marching groups were 25 Chinese army officers studying at WTI and Aviation Corp. Photo courtesy of Williamsport Sun-Gazette.
"At this jubilant time, in this friendly place, our emotions are mixed. As this is the end of long ordeals, we should celebrate it feverishly; as it is only the beginning of the real opportunity to re-establish our torn country and tarnished civilization, there is no time for us to seek rest. The fallen warriors have cleared the path for peace, and great leaders are laying new foundations for it; there will be no excuse if we should fail to make good from it.
"In our homeland, we can imagine, that fire crackers are bursting everywhere, and everybody is shouting, laughing, or crying, for the coming of this long expected day. We enjoy very much your magnificent celebrations, but we feel ever stronger than before the desire to go home!
As their time in Williamsport neared its end, one more occasion was reported in the Gazette & Bulletin of Oct. 9, 1945.
After describing the rigorous training and activities of their daily lives, the article concluded: "The young men attend the various churches, often in company with local residents. Local luncheon clubs and other civic organizations have on occasion had representatives of the group as guests. At a Kiwanis Club luncheon last March, representatives of Garrett Cochran Post of the Legion presented an American flag to the Chinese students as evidence of the 'strengthening of the bond' between the two countries.
Two other Pennsylvania papers, the Harrisburg Telegraph and the Wilkes-Barre Times Leader, covered the completion of the engineers' work on Jan. 12 and 14: the graduation dinner, the presentation of embossed certificates by Williamsport Mayor Leo Williamson, and the announcement that although they originally planned to return to China that month, the group would remain for another year to manufacture 20 engines.


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Distribution Deals
Alain Godet
Systancia Appoints Redington Value as VAD
Sayantan Dev, President Redington Value
French application virtualisation and cybersecurity vendor Systancia has appointed Redington Gulf as its authorised value-added distributor (VAD) for Middle East and Africa.
Under the partnership, Systancia will leverage Redington's market presence and a large channel partner base to provide Systancia solutions to customers across Middle East and Africa, thanks to Redington offices in Angola, Bahrain, Egypt, Ghana, Iraq, Kenya, Kuwait, Libya, Morocco, Nigeria, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda and the United Arab Emirates.
"Our mission is to provide users with the most efficient and secure access to all applications in their work environment. We also aim to offer the best compromise between operational efficiency and regulatory compliance", said Christophe Corne, founder and CEO, Systancia.
Sayantan Dev, President Redington Value, said: "Systancia's app virtualisation, security access management and authentication management systems from a technology standpoint are amongst the most sophisticated. We are delighted to add Systancia to Redington's portfolio as we recognise opportunities with many complementary offerings and innate synergies. The channel ecosystem will hugely benefit from this partnership and we are more than eager to take Systancia's solutions to our customers. Over the next few months, we will recruit new partners, while continuing to enable current ones for successfully integrating and positioning Systanica as a part of their portfolio."
Xavier Hameroux, Managing Director, Systancia, concluded: "working with Redington is a great achievement for Systancia's expansion in the Middle East and Africa. We believe that our innovative solutions in the field of cybersecurity, more precisely in the ZTNA and PAM field will perfectly respond to the market's needs in terms of having a secure access to the information system, whenever the end-user is, and through whatever device he is using."
Midwich Group Adopts a BirdDog
First Distribution and VSS on Partnership for Africa
A10 Networks Enters the Baltics market with ASBIS


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


C-CAM8 is the NTSC colour version of C-CAM2 camera above. It uses a high quality Omnivision OV7910 CMOS sensor and can be connected directly to a standard video monitor. C-CAM8 has low power consumption, low cost, small size together with consistent image quality.
C-CAM8 turns a complete colour video camera into a component of your product. It is specially designed for cost sensitive consumer electronics applications.
Model # C-CAM8-NTSC is the version for north America only and is supplied with an f6.0 lens as standard.
Also available is the C-CAM8A-PAL is the version used in the UK and most other countries.


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EventsNews	August, 15th 2013 by Dario Poli
International Painter, Alicia Czerniak Returns to Marbella
After a successful international showcase of exhibitions which included three important museums in Japan, exhibitions in China, France, Austria and Belgium, renowned painter Alicia Czerniak returns to Marbella with her latest creations to be shown at the F1 Immo Car Gallery.
Known for combining life, energy, freedom, soul and spirituality in her art, Marbella-based acclaimed painter, Alicia Czerniak has transcended borders and achieved great accolades from around the world through her unique art. Her creations have been presented in Belgium, Austria, France, Italy and in China at the International Fair of Contemporary Art Beijing. In addition, she was also featured in France at the famous "Espace 5b" located in the legendary Marais in the heart of Paris, with an accompanying red carpet event sponsored by the Louis Vuitton signature. The event was attended by important personalities from the world of entertainment, art, politics and aristocracy. Among them was Louis Vuitton himself, Baroness Rotshild and Mr. Jean Paul de Benise, National President of L'Academie Arts Sciences et Lettres.
Czerniak's works were published recently in a 6-page feature in a German publication, "My Taste" as well as in the popular French Art Magazine, "La Gazette des Arts", with a whole page dedicated exclusively about her, as part of their "touches of soul" feature. Her themes, "Time of Transition" and "Emerging to the New Reality", represent a major shift in her style: free abstract and expressive, although retaining the elements of her unique creations which are always full of meanings, and transcendent mysticisms and vital messages.
Czerniak's works are currently on exhibition at the Espacio 120 in Barcelona and in the Andalusian Parliament in Seville until the end of June.
What critics say about Alicia Czerniak's Art:
"Freedom and spirituality literally burst out of the work of Alicia Czerniak. The freedom of a vigorous and gestural brush stroke, which is very representative at the same time. Her work communicates, expressing the idea of an opening toward the cosmic with an energy that transcends the limits of the canvas. Through a pure, primary and intense chromatic range, Alicia Czerniak introduces us to her pictorial space with an audacity that almost gives us goosebumps. Her containment and the order of her first works culminate in an obvious manner in a predominance of matter and in a flow and dynamism that are free and forthright.
The work of Alicia Czerniak lays bare a personal and different manner of facing the act of pictorial creation and, although we are redirected to the memory of abstract expressionism, her lyrical and poetical style introduces us to a unique and singular creative world. A great lesson that teaches us how the simplicity of forms may also be conducive to beauty and to the deepest reflection."
–By Ángeles Hinojosa Tenllado
Master of Museum Studies and Master of Fine Arts,
Former curator of the Reina Sofia National Museum (MNCARS) Madrid
Contact: Alicia Czerniak Media Department Tel: +34 952 868 001 / Mobile: +34 650 455 734
www.painter.aliciaczerniak.com / czerniakcomunicacion@gmail.com
Agustin Torralbo "Incosol" fashion show (Part 3)
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Celebrate St Valentines Day – "Its Wonderful" by
Hush….the world is listening!
Italian Cyclist Mario Cipollini Takes Part in 3
MÚSICA CON ENCANTO PRESENTA – La MÚSICA
My Journey with Spirit by David Ratcliffe Feterston
"Marbella Marbella Adelante" – With Artist Caroline Cary
Interview with Lamia Kashoggi by Helena Olaya-for The
Street Obligations Charity Gala Dinner
Marbella Marbella Adelante Welcomes Karina Geldner
"Marbella Marbella" at Da Bruno Sul Mare, a
MÚSICA CON ENCANTO PRESENTA-"PEQUEÑA ORQUESTA MEDITERRÁNEA"
Gloomy Faces Galore at BSM
Composer, artist, and a published author and illustrator. He is initiator of the campaign to present a better image Internationally, of Marbella and the Costa del Sol. Composer of the music "Marbella Marbella" used as the anthem of the campaign and also many other recorded compositions including Nostradamus, and Corazon, for The Children for Peace Onlus charity in Rome as well as the co-author of the powerful musical drama Lady X and The Power of Destiny. He is also the editor and a founder member of this website.
Disclaimer: The views, opinions and positions expressed within this guest article are those of the author Dario Poli alone and do not represent those of the Marbella Marbella website. The accuracy, completeness and validity of any statements made within this article are not guaranteed. We accept no liability for any errors, omissions or representations. The copyright of this content belongs to Dario Poli and any liability with regards to infringement of intellectual property rights remains with the author.
"La Gazette des Arts"
Alicia Czerniak
Ángeles Hinojosa Tenllado
Baroness Rotshild
F1 Immo Car Gallery.
L'Academie Arts Sciences et Lettres.
Mr. Jean Paul de Benise
World Fine Art Professionals and their Key-Pieces, 348 - Alberto Giacometti
World Fine Art Professionals and their Key-Pieces, 336 - Co de Kruijf
World Fine Art Professionals and their Key-Pieces, 333 - Chéri Chérin


I'm so happy that this year I was able to make it to Berlin. I was supposed to have visited last year and actually made some appointments to visit studios but a last minute emergency made me cancel my visit and postpone this trip.
Maybe it's a good thing that I didn't go last year, because this time I got to visit some awesome studios and see some wonderful, beautiful jewelry. I got to see a very high end jewelry designer, a contemporary jewelry designer gallery, some amazing concrete jewelry and a very fashionable and cool jewelry designer. All of this in Berlin in 48h!
Then I headed off to Vienna, the imperial capital to visit two amazing new jewelry designers. Fortunately I found out while booking the visits that they share the same gallery and studio space: Atelier Lindengasse. Their studio is beautiful and their jewelry is of the utter craftsmanship. Plus we had fun taking some photos of the two of them.
Can't wait to show you all of the studios and jewelry and to share the amazing new designers that I got lucky to visit. In the meantime you can get to know them by visiting their websites (links below).
Stay tuned cause in the next few weeks I'm gonna start sharing their studio spaces and beware: you might want to move to Europe and open your studio space there. You've been warned.


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The course aims to provide the main tools to analyze and design modern fiber optic communication systems. In particular, the course would like to give knowledge and understanding about:
- linear effects in an optical fiber.
- nonlinear effects in an optical fiber.
- investigation of the transmission/amplification/detection of an optical signal.
- design of a fiber-optic communication system.
- the basic principles of a numerical simulation of an optical link.
With such a knowledge the student should be able to:
- analyze the main distortions of an optical link.
- understand and analyze the main sources of noise that impact the bit error rate of a digital transmission by means of fiber optics.
- find strategies to cope with the above problems
- design a fiber optic link.
- implement numerical algorithms for the analysis of nonlinear systems.
- write a scientific report
suggested basic knowledge of Digital Communications, Signal Processing and electro-magnetic waves.
Introduction, motivations, state of the art.
Brief introduction of single mode fibers.
Group velocity dispersion.
Optical Transmitters.
Optical Amplifiers.
Principles of Photo-detection.
Performance Evaluation of optical communication systems.
Birefringence and polarization mode dispersion.
Coherent detection.
Nonlinear effects in optical fibers:
- Self phase modulation.
- Cross phase modulation.
- Four wave mixing.
- Cross polarization Modulation.
Optical Solitons.
Numerical simulation of optical communication systems.
Gaussian noise model.
Raman Effect.
Digital Back-propagation.
1) Introduction, Brief history of optical communications.
2) Ray optics. Snell's law. Total reflection. Single-mode fibers (overview).
3) Optical Modulators. ITU-T grid. Review of digital communications and lasers. 3 dB coupler. Return to zero formats. Phase modulation by Mach Zehnder modulators. In-phase/quadrature optical modulators.
4-5) Propagation in optical fibers in the linear regime. Group velocity dispersion (GVD). Attenuation. Group delay. GVD with Gaussian pulses. Dispersion length. Anomalous and normal dispersion. GVD in presence of signal's chirp. Instantaneous frequency. GVD in presence of signal chirp.
6) Third-order dispersion. Eye closure penalty in presence of GVD. The memory of GVD.
7-10) Erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). Cross sections. Propagation equation and Rate equations. Reservoir. Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise. Noise figure of an EDFA. Friis's formula. Optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR). Exercises.
11-12) Photo-detectors: photo-diode. Quantum efficiency. Responsivity. P-i-n photodiode. Avalanche photo-diode (APD). Poisson statistics. Shot noise. Optical Receivers.
13-15) Bit error rate (BER) for on-off keying (OOK) transmission. Quantum limit. Sensitivity power. Thermal noise. Gaussian approximation and Personick's formula. Power budget. The relation between Sensitivity penalty and Eye closure penalty for PIN and APD. Signal to spontaneous and spontaneous to spontaneous noise beat. BER with ASE noise: Gaussian approximation. Comparison of noise variances. Marcuse's formula. Exercises. The noise figure of optical amplifiers measured in the electrical domain.
16-17) The polarization of light. Birefringence. Stokes formalism. Poincaré sphere. Review of unitary and Hermitian matrices. Polarization mode dispersion (PMD). Differential group delay. Principal states of polarization.
18-19) Coherent detection. Optical coupler. Differentially coherent detection: DPSK. Optical hybrid. Balanced detector. Polarization division multiplexing. Digital signal processing at the receiver. Electronic compensation of GVD and PMD. Carrier phase and frequency recovery. Clock recovery.
20) Nonlinear Schroedinger equation (NLSE). Reasons for the cubic nonlinear effect. Self Phase Modulation (SPM). Comparison between temporal/frequency vision of SPM/GVD.
21) Amplifier chains: limitations of ASE noise and nonlinear Kerr effect. Inhomogeneous amplifier chains. Lagrange multipliers method.
22) Solitons. Proof of fundamental soliton. Notes on Higher order solitons and Dark solitons. Problems of Solitons.
23) Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems. NLSE with separate fields. Cross-phase modulation (XPM) and four-wave mixing (FWM). XPM filter. Walk-off coefficient.
24) Split-step Fourier method (SSFM). Formal solution using operators. Non-commutative operators. SSFM with symmetrized and asymmetric step: accuracy. Choice of the step: constant step, step based on the nonlinear phase criterion, step based on the local error.
25-29) The Matlab programming language. Software Optilux. Examples.
30) Regular perturbation (RP) analysis of NLSE. FWM with CW signals. FWM efficiency. Phase matching coefficient.
31-33) Gaussian Noise (GN) model. Applications of the GN model to optical system design.
34) Raman amplification. Memory induced by the Raman effect. SPM, XPM, and FWM in presence of Raman. Raman impact on XPM. Pump-signal case.
35) Cross polarization modulation (XpolM). Comparison XPM vs. XPolM. Digital back-propagation (DBP) algorithm. Impact of optical noise on DBP performance.
36) Lab experience.
Slides of the course are available at Elly web site.
Supporting books are the following:
G. P. Agrawal, "Fiber-optic communication Systems", 3rd ed., Wiley, 2002;
G. P. Agrawal, "Nonlinear Fiber Optics", Academic Press
Supporting scientific papers are indicated at:
http://www.tlc.unipr.it/serena/CO/lezioni.html
Theoretical lectures will be provided mainly by blackboard and sometimes by video-projection of slides available at Elly.
Some exercises will be solved during the lectures. Interaction with students is stimulated by open questions.
Some lectures about Matlab will be given in the computer lab. Some lectures will be provided in the experimental laboratory.
Seminars from experts in the field of optical communications might be possible.
The exam consists of an oral examination and in an individual project (max 4 pages with a template). The project regards the study of an optical link by numerical simulation with the software Optilux. Each student receives an individual topic whose investigation will be reported in the final report of project. The student can suggest a topic for the project prior approval by the teacher. The project is evaluated in terms of correctness, completeness, clarity of exposition, bibliography, with a scale 16-30 in case of approval. The oral exam is based mainly on open questions but also on basic exercises with the aim of testing the student understanding of the course arguments and his/her skills in solving engineering problems regarding optical communications. The oral exam, if positive, is ranked between 18 and 30. The final grade is the average of the project and the oral, with honors when the maximum score is reached in both tests.
An optional written mid-term exam, with a duration of 2.5 hours, will be given during the course as well as an optional team activity in the experimental laboratory. The mid-term exam covers almost half program and is based mainly on exercises but also on open questions. Exercises and questions, typically in overall number less than five, are evaluated with the same grading scale. The team activity is evaluated in terms of a written report (max 2 pages) regarding the experiment done in the Optiklab laboratory, with a bonus between 0 and 2.
During the course a numerical simulator of optical links will be introduced
SERENA Paolo
UNIT COORDINATOR: SERENA Paolo


Handstamped Mother Necklace made by jewelry artist, Sara Leathers, for her exclusive line of jewelry at Silver in the City; Twigs & Twine.
Necklace measures 18" long with lobster clasp closure.
Charm measures .8" x .8".
Necklaces are handstamped so each one will vary.


The Navy awarded General Dynamics' Bath Iron Works a second destroyer for Fiscal Year 2019, in the first contract option that accelerates DDG buys from the Navy's previous two-a-year rate.
In September the Navy awarded the first 10 Arleigh Burke-class destroyers in the five-year multiyear procurement contract that spans FY 2018 to 2022. Six ships went to Ingalls Shipbuilding in Pascagoula, Miss. – two in 2018, and one a year in 2019 through 2022. Bath Iron Works got zero ships for 2018 and one a year in 2019 through 2022.
This option award that gives another ship to BIW in 2019 not only boosts the Maine yard's workload but also is the first move to three DDGs a year. The Navy in previous budget submissions had outlined a two-a-year procurement rate for the near future, but the House and Senate armed services committees authorized the Navy to enter into multiyear contracts for up to 15 ships in five years. The contracts with Ingalls Shipbuilding and Bath Iron Works were signed at the end of September and awarded the first 10 right away, with options for five more ships.
Though the House and Senate armed services committees authorized the Navy to buy three destroyers in FY 2018, the appropriators only gave money for two. However, both the authorizers and appropriators agreed to three in FY 2019, which allowed the Navy to award this option to BIW.
According to a BIW press release, "the Navy held a separate competition for an option ship as part of its commitment to growing the fleet," though it is unclear if the competition was based strictly on price or if other factors such as backlog, industrial base needs and others were taken into consideration. U.S. Navy and Bath Iron Works spokespeople could not be reached immediately regarding the nature of the competition for this contract option.
"Bath Iron Works is privileged to continue producing state-of-the-art surface combatants for the longest running naval shipbuilding program in our nation's history," Dirk Lesko, president of Bath Iron Works, said in the press release.
According to the press release, BIW currently has five Arleigh Burke destroyers in production at the yard: Daniel Inouye (DDG-118), Carl M. Levin (DDG-120), John Basilone (DDG-122), Harvey C. Barnum (DDG-124) and Patrick Gallagher (DDG-127). Under contract but not yet under construction are Louis H. Wilson Jr. (DDG-126) and the five ships that have now been awarded under the multiyear contract.


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Keeping it in the room: health, happiness and living in Berlin
Your free tourist guide to Berlin: part 1 – how to get there and where to stay
Since coming to Berlin, I've probably had more emails asking for tourist information than anything else. Rather than typing out similar information for each person, I thought it made sense to write a series of blog posts about it.
I'm starting today with how to get to Berlin and where to stay.
Flughafen Schönefeld, Berlin
How to get to Berlin
Most people coming from the English speaking world will arrive by air, so I'll focus on that.
Berlin has two airports: Tegel in what was west Berlin, and Schönefeld, in the former east.
Both were supposed to have closed by now, to be replaced by a big shiny new airport next door to Schönefeld, but due to a series of mess ups by the builders, that's not due to open for some time.
Which airport to use depends on where you're planning on staying, but I'd usually prefer Schönefeld (which the budget airlines easyJet and Ryanair use), because there's a train station. Tegel, on the other hand (BA, Lufthansa and the other grown up airlines), is served only by bus or taxi.
At Schönefeld, you can buy tickets for the trains into town from the machine or newsagent shop in the airport terminal, or at the machines in the station itself. There are no ticket offices to talk to anyone for help, but staff are often wandering around. Schönefeld is in zone C, so you'll probably want a single or day ticket for zones ABC.
At Tegel, you can take an express bus to the nearest S-Bahn station, or to the centre of town at Alexanderplatz. Tegel is in zone B, and there are ticket machines just outside the terminal door by the bus stops. There's also a travel information office there.
I used to enjoy travelling to Berlin by train, using the overnight train via Brussels. That service was discontinued a few years ago, when the Belgians increased the costs for track access, but you can still travel from London St Pancras via Paris to the centre of Berlin. It's a great way to travel, as you are dropped off where you want to be, rather than a long journey to your final destination.
First class travel includes breakfast, and you get your own private bathroom with shower and toilet. Beds aren't suitable to very tall people, but they're very comfortable and because of the high sides, you couldn't possibly fall out. Look forward to being rocked gently to sleep in France, and waking up in Germany.
Alternatively, you can take the day train.
For more information on train travel, see the excellent Seat 61 blog.
Unless you have a debit card with the electronic cash (or EC) logo (which, if you're English, you almost certainly don't), you'll need to pay with real cash. Other debit cards and credit cards are not widely accepted in Germany, though there are lots of cash machines around.
If you're planning on taking public transport a few times during your stay, but not many each day, you can get four tickets for a little bit less than the cost of each individually. They don't expire, as each one needs to be validated at the time of travel, using the machines on the train platform or on the bus.
Where to stay in Berlin
Many gay people will head towards Schöneberg, which is where many of the gay bars are, but I found it to be a particularly unexciting area of the city. I prefer areas such as Kreuzberg, Prenzlauer Berg or Friedrichshain, which are all a bit more trendy and exciting.
Even though Berlin has a borough called Mitte (literally, centre), it doesn't have a single city centre like other western cities. This is partly because of the presence of the Berlin Wall separating the city in two for many years; and partly because it was a bit like that already. This means that, while Mitte is an okay place to stay, it's not quite like staying in, for example, the middle of Paris or London.
I've never stayed in a hotel, so can't advice on the best places to stay – try checking Tripadvisor and be guided by the reviews. Instead, I always rented an apartment, of which supply is plentiful.
In the gay area, I found ebab (Enjoy Bed and Breakfast) to be the best place to look. However, it's not great for other areas, for which Only Apartments or AirBnB is better. You might find something on Gumtree, but in my experience you're just as likely to get scammed.
If you've stayed in Berlin and have recommendations, please leave a comment below.
In my next Free Tourist Guide to Berlin, I'll write about my top things to do there. Please subscribe using the link to get an auto email when it's ready.
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Brent Martin
Great blog post. Whenever we go to Berlin we use this great apartment service, the apartments are fantastic and great value. I highly recommend them:
http://www.holidayflats-berlin.com/
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