text:
'use strict';
var _              = require('lodash'),
    yeoman         = require('yeoman-generator'),
    chalk          = require('chalk'),
    yosay          = require('yosay'),
    parseAuthor    = require('parse-author'),
    githubUsername = require('github-username'),
    extend         = require('deep-extend'),
    path           = require('path'),
    baseGenerator  = require('../../generator-base');

module.exports = yeoman.generators.Base.extend({
  initializing:  {
    propertiesInitialization: function() {
      baseGenerator.genBase(this);
      this.filters = {};
      this.pkg = this.fs.readJSON(this.destinationPath('package.json'), {});

    // Pre set the default props from the information we have at this point
    this.props = {
      name: this.pkg.name,
      description: this.pkg.description,
      version: this.pkg.version,
      homepage: this.pkg.homepage
    };

    if (_.isObject(this.pkg.author)) {
      this.props.authorName = this.pkg.author.name;
      this.props.authorEmail = this.pkg.author.email;
      this.props.authorUrl = this.pkg.author.url;
    } else if (_.isString(this.pkg.author)) {
      var info = parseAuthor(this.pkg.author);
      this.props.authorName = info.name;
      this.props.authorEmail = info.email;
      this.props.authorUrl = info.url;
    }
  }
},
  configuring: {
      components: function() {
        if(this.skipConfig) return;
        var appPath = 'src/client/app/';

        var config = {
          'appDirectory' : appPath,
          'routeDirectory': appPath,
          'directiveDirectory': appPath,
          'filterDirectory': appPath,
          'serviceDirectory': appPath,
          'moduleDirectory': appPath,
          'basePath': appPath,
          'modulePrompt':  true,
          'filters': ['uirouter', 'jasmine'],
          'extensions': ['js', 'babel'],
          'directiveSimpleTemplates': '',
          'directiveComplexTemplates': '',
          'filterTemplates': '',
          'serviceTemplates': '',
          'factoryTemplates': '',
          'controllerTemplates': '',
          'decoratorTemplates':  '',
          'providerTemplates': '',
          'routeTemplates': '',
        };
          this.config.defaults(config);
      }
  },
  prompting: {
    askFor: function () {
      var done = this.async();

      var prompts = [{
        name: 'name',
        message: 'Module Name',
        default: path.basename(process.cwd()),
        filter: _.kebabCase,
        validate: function (str) {
          return str.length > 0;
        },
        when: !this.props.name
      },
      {
        name: 'description',
        message: 'Description',
        when: !this.props.description
      }, {
        name: 'homepage',
        message: 'Project homepage url',
        when: !this.props.homepage
      }, {
        name: 'authorName',
        message: 'Author\'s Name',
        when: !this.props.authorName,
        default: this.user.git.name(),
        store: true
      }, {
        name: 'authorEmail',
        message: 'Author\'s Email',
        when: !this.props.authorEmail,
        default: this.user.git.email(),
        store: true
      }, {
        name: 'authorUrl',
        message: 'Author\'s Homepage',
        when: !this.props.authorUrl,
        store: true
      }, {
        name: 'keywords',
        message: 'Package keywords (comma to split)',
        when: !this.pkg.keywords,
        filter: _.words
      }];

      this.prompt(prompts, function (props) {
        extend(this.props, props);
        done();
      }.bind(this));
    },
    askForGithubAccount: function () {
      var done = this.async();

      githubUsername(this.props.authorEmail, function (err, username) {
        this.prompt({
          name: 'githubAccount',
          message: 'GitHub username or organization',
          default: username
        }, function (prompt) {
          this.props.githubAccount = prompt.githubAccount;
          done();
        }.bind(this));
      }.bind(this));
    }
  },

  writing: {
    generateProject: function() {
        this.sourceRoot(path.join(__dirname, './templates'));
        this.processDirectory('.', '.');
    },
    package: function()
    {
      // Re-read the content at this point because a composed generator might modify it.
      var currentPkg = this.fs.readJSON(this.destinationPath('package.json'), {});
      var pkg = {
        name: _.kebabCase(this.props.name),
        version: '0.1.0',
        description: this.props.description,
        homepage: this.props.homepage,
        author: {
          name: this.props.authorName,
          email: this.props.authorEmail,
          url: this.props.authorUrl
        },
        files: ['dist'],
        main: 'dist/index.js',
        keywords: this.props.keywords
      };

      // Let's extend package.json so we're not overwriting user previous fields
      extend(pkg, currentPkg);

      this.fs.writeJSON('package.json', pkg);
    },
    yoRc: function()
    {
      var currentYo = this.fs.readJSON(this.destinationPath('.yo-rc.json'), {});
      this.fs.writeJSON('.yo-rc.json', currentYo);
    }
  },

  default: function()
  {
    this.composeWith('b-webflow:editorconfig', {
      options: {
        path: './'
      }
    }, {
      local: require.resolve('../editorconfig')
    });

    this.composeWith('b-webflow:git', {
      options: {
        path: './',
        name: this.props.name,
        githubAccount: this.props.githubAccount
      }
    }, {
      local: require.resolve('../git')
    });

    this.composeWith('license', {
        options: {
          name: this.props.authorName,
          email: this.props.authorEmail,
          website: this.props.authorUrl
        }
      }, {
        local: require.resolve('generator-license/app')
    });

    this.composeWith('b-api:readme', {
      options: {
        path: './',
        name: this.props.name,
        description: this.props.description,
        githubAccount: this.props.githubAccount,
        authorName: this.props.authorName,
        authorUrl: this.props.authorUrl
      }
    }, {
      local: require.resolve('../readme')
    });

    this.composeWith('b-webflow:config', {
      options: {
        path: './'
      }
    }, {
      local: require.resolve('../config')
    })

    this.composeWith('b-webflow:forever', {
      options: {
        name: this.props.name,
        path: './.forever'
      }
    },{
      local: require.resolve('../forever')
    })

    this.composeWith('b-webflow:gulp', {
      options: {
        path: './'
      }
    },{
      local: require.resolve('../gulp')
    })

    this.composeWith('b-webflow:server', {
      options: {
        path: './src'
      }
    },{
      local: require.resolve('../server')
    })

    this.composeWith('b-webflow:angular', {},
    {
      local: require.resolve('../angular')
    })
  },
  install: function () {
    this.installDependencies();
  }
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Orlando City open new stadium in style as safe standing and a special area for flares and smoke bombs capture the imagination
Orlando City played their first game in their new stadium on Sunday night
The hosts beat New York City 1-0 at Orlando City Stadium in the MLS
Their 25,000-seater new home includes a safe standing 'supporters' area
Also included is a special section for fans wanting to use flares at matches
By Andy Warren For Mailonline
Published: 10:48 EDT, 6 March 2017 | Updated: 13:32 EDT, 6 March 2017
Orlando City opened the new MLS season with a 1-0 victory over New York City on Sunday night, but it was their new stadium, rather than Cyle Larin's winning goal, which was the major talking point after the match.
The Lions were playing at their new 25,000-capacity home for the first time when they took on a New York side led by David Villa and Andrea Pirlo, with Orlando City Stadium rocking throughout as the Floridians secured three points on opening night.
Playing in just their third MLS season, the purple-clad Orlando fans have seemingly taken to their new home immediately, with every ticket sold for the first game which ensured a memorable atmosphere during a game which started in sunshine and ended under the glow of the floodlights.
Orlando City played their first game at their new 25,000-capacity home on Sunday night
Orlando City Stadium has a safe standing area with a section where fans can use flares
Despite being in just their third MLS season, Orlando's fans are some of the most passionate
Their side got off to an impressive start after Cyle Larin's (centre) goal beat New York City 1-0
1' | We're off! The dream is a reality. #WelcomeHome#ORLvNYC | 0-0 pic.twitter.com/tLZrcX7aEi
— Orlando City SC (@OrlandoCitySC) March 5, 2017
Orlando City 1-0 New York City: Kaka suffers early injury as... Major League Soccer preview 2017 - the battle for New York... Atlanta United 1-2 New York Red Bulls: MLS newcomers' party... Fancy following in the footsteps of David Beckham and Steven...
Orlando City 4-4-2): Bendik; Johnson; Aja; Spector; Toia; Garcia (Barry 89); Carrasco; Nocerino; Kaka (Barnes 11); Rivas; Larin (Higuita 74)
Scorers: Larin 15
Booked: Johnson
New York City (4-3-3): Johnson; Allen (McNamara 77); Chanot; Callens; Ulate; Moralez; Pirlo; Ring (Okoli 84); Harrison; Villa: Wallace (Shelton 64)
Booked: Wallace, Ring
The downtown location is perfect, the purple seats are striking and the leg room is ample, but it's the safe standing 'supporters' area which received the most attention.
Behind one of the goals, the standing area is a smaller version of the famous 'Yellow Wall' in Dortmund and is built with noise in mind, with an aluminium floor designed for fans to create noise by stamping their feet throughout games.
In another nod to Dortmund, the Orlando 'ultras' behind the goal showed off a banner with the slogan 'a gift from the gods' before kick-off, similar to the displays put on by German fans prior to big games as Westfalenstadion.
Purple flares were let off at the front of the standing section as the teams emerged
The stadium, complete with striking purple seats, is already set to host an MLS All-Star game
The Orlando supporters unveiled a banner reading 'a gift from the gods' prior to kick-off
The standing area behind the goal in Orlando is a smaller version of Dortmund's 'Yellow Wall'
Every ticket was sold for opening night, ensuring a memorable atmosphere inside the stadium
MLS OPENING WEEKEND SCORES
Portland Timbers 5-1 Minnesota United
Columbus Crew 1-1 Chicago Fire
Los Angeles Galaxy 1-2 FC Dallas
Real Salt Lake 0-0 Toronto
Colorado Rapids 1-0 New England Revolution
D.C. United 0-0 Sporting Kansas City
Houston Dynamo 2-1 Seattle Sounders
San Jose Earthquakes 1-0 Montreal Impact
Orlando City 1-0 New York City
Atlanta United 1-2 New York Red Bulls
Vancouver Whitecaps 0-0 Philadelphia Union
The prospect of safe standing has been high on the agenda in English football in recent years, while Celtic introduced an area of rail seating at Parkhead for the start of this season, but its introduction in the Premier League and EFL would require a change in the law to implement.
Orlando have taken things once step further, with an area dedicated to fans wishing to show their support using smoke bombs or flares, with plenty doing so during the opening game.
The club also promote an Orlando City 'pub crawl' which sees fans start their day at the game before moving on to a number of club venues in the city after the final whistle.
Also included is a poignant tribute to the 49 victims of the Pulse nightclub shooting in the city in June 2016, with a section laid out in the shape of a rainbow flag in memory of those who died in the massacre.
The new stadium has already been slated to host an MLS All-Star game in the near future, such is its appeal league-wide.
Orlando City CEO Alex Leitao was pleased with how opening night went, while MLS commissioner Don Garber admitted 'the bar has been raised' following an impressive first game.
The downtown location of the new stadium has made it a popular one with fans
A section has been designed in memory of the victims of the Pulse nightclub shooting
Leitao told the Orlando Sentinel: 'It's hard when you open; you have to learn how to operate the stadium,' he said. 'But for this night, it's been unbelievably awesome. I'm very, very happy. The team left everything out there.
'The fans can shake here. We were ready for them. That's what we want.'
Orlando are led by former AC Milan and Real Madrid star Kaka, who acts as one of their three designated players, while notable names with experience in England include former Manchester United and West Ham player Jonathan Spector, ex-Derby midfielder Giles Barnes and Seb Hines, formerly of Middlesbrough.
Canadian striker Larin has averaged a goal every other game since Orlando's elevation into the MLS, while Anthony Pulis, son of West Brom boss Tony, acts as the manager of the club's reserve side.
The game started in bright sunshine but ended up being played under the floodlights
Orlando City Stadium to host MLS All-Star Game - Orlando Sentinel
Orlando City open stadium with safe standing and flares

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Administrative and Constitutional Law
Bioethics and Neurolaw
Civil Law and Procedure
Corporate and Financial Law
EU and International Law
IP and IT Law
Legal Theory and History
Steven G. Calabresi, Northwestern University, United States
Marco Goldoni, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
Jaakko Husa, University of Helsinki, Finland
Stefano Marino, EMA European Medicines Agency, United Kingdom
Nobuyuki Sato, Chuo University, Japan
Frederick Schauer, University of Virginia, United States
Christopher W. Schmidt, IIT Illinois Institute of Technology, United States
Li-ann Thio, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Henrik Wenander, Lund University, Sweden
Mirko Avesani, University of Padua, Italy
Iñigo de Miguel Beriain, University of the Basque Country, Spain
Riccardo Campione, University of Bologna, Italy
Dmitry Maleshin, Moscow State University, Russian Federation
Louise Ellen Teitz, Roger Williams University, Bristol, United States
Amanda Tyler, University of California, Berkeley, United States
Faidon Varesis, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
Gianpaolo Ciervo, BonelliErede, Italy
Roberto Cugnasco, Cleary Gootlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP, Italy
Luca Enriques, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Sergio Gilotta, University of Bologna, Italy
Leonardo Graffi, White & Case LLP, Italy
Gottlieb A. Keller, F. Hoffmann–La Roche SA, Switzerland
Bashar H. Malkawi, University of Arizona, United States
Federico Parmeggiani, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
Giovanni P. Prezioso, Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP, United States
Giuseppe Scassellati-Sforzolini, Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP, Italy
Simone M. Sepe, The University of Arizona, United States
Joseph Tanega, University of Westminster, United Kingdom
Massimo Trentino, CMS Adonnino Ascoli & Cavasola Scamoni, Italy
Silvia Vannini, O'Melveny & Myers LLP, United States
Thomas Werlen, Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan, LLP, Switzerland
Tineke Cleiren, Leiden University, Netherlands
Michael L. Corrado, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
Alessandro Rosanò, University of Turin, Italy
Jacqueline E. Ross, University of Illinois, United States
Mads Andenas, University of Oslo, Norway
Nesrine Badawi, American University in Cairo, Egypt
Carl Fredrik Bergström, Uppsala University, Sweden
Raj Bhala, University of Kansas, United States
Andrea Biondi, King's College London, United Kingdom
Marco Bocchese, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
Alessandro Busca, Spring Hill College Italy Center, Italy
Umberto Celli Jr., University of São Paolo, Brazil
Sean Cooney, University of Melbourne, Australia
Treasa Dunworth, University of Auckland, New Zealand
Julian Fernandez, Université Paris 2 - Panthéon Assas, France
Franco Ferrari, New York University, United States
Andrea Gattini, University of Padua, Italy
Chiara Giorgetti, University of Richmond, United States
Ragnhildur Helgadóttir, Reykjavik University, Iceland
Marco Imperiale, LCA, Italy
Jörg Kammerhofer, University of Freiburg, Germany
Fabrizio Marrella, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Italy
Fabrice Picod, Université Paris 2 - Panthéon Assas, France
Tetsuo Sato, Hitotsubashi University, Japan
Dick Schneider, Wake Forest University, United States
Paolo Turrini, University of Trento, Italy
Zhang Xianchu, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Giovanni Zaccaroni, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
Irene Calboli, Texas A&M University, United States
Marilù Capparelli, Google Inc., Italy
Jose Antonio Castillo Parrilla, University of Granada, Italy
Enrico Francesconi, ITTIG - CNR, Italy
Edward Lee, IIT Illinois Institute of Technology, United States
Giuseppe Mazziotti, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
Giovanni Sartor, University of Bologna, Italy
Alberto Artosi, University of Bologna, Italy
Manuel Atienza, University of Alicante, Spain
Stefano Bertea, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
Thom Brooks, Durham University, United Kingdom
Bartosz Brozek, Jagiellonian University, Poland
Daniele Cananzi, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Italy
Lyana Francot, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands
Benoît Frydman, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
Roberto Galbiati, Sciences Po, France
Eric Heinze, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
Matthias Klatt, University of Graz, Austria
Matthew H. Kramer, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
Claudio Michelon, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Panu Minkkinen, University of Helsinki, Finland
Francis J. Mootz III, University of the Pacific, United States
Stephen Pethick, University of Kent, United Kingdom
Claudio Sarra, University of Padua, Italy
Lorenz Schulz, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
Martin J. Stone, Yeshiva University, United States
Christopher Tindale, University of Windsor, Canada
Helle Vogt, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Pauline Westerman, University of Groningen, Netherlands
Luc Wintgens, KU Leuven, Belgium
Chris W. Sanchirico, University of Pennsylvania, United States
Andrew Summers, London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom


text:
{-# LANGUAGE Trustworthy #-}
{-# LANGUAGE CPP, NoImplicitPrelude, BangPatterns, MagicHash #-}

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- |
-- Module      :  Data.Bits
-- Copyright   :  (c) The University of Glasgow 2001
-- License     :  BSD-style (see the file libraries/base/LICENSE)
--
-- Maintainer  :  libraries@haskell.org
-- Stability   :  experimental
-- Portability :  portable
--
-- This module defines bitwise operations for signed and unsigned
-- integers.  Instances of the class 'Bits' for the 'Int' and
-- 'Integer' types are available from this module, and instances for
-- explicitly sized integral types are available from the
-- "Data.Int" and "Data.Word" modules.
--
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

module Data.Bits (
  Bits(
    (.&.), (.|.), xor,
    complement,
    shift,
    rotate,
    zeroBits,
    bit,
    setBit,
    clearBit,
    complementBit,
    testBit,
    bitSizeMaybe,
    bitSize,
    isSigned,
    shiftL, shiftR,
    unsafeShiftL, unsafeShiftR,
    rotateL, rotateR,
    popCount
  ),
  FiniteBits(
    finiteBitSize,
    countLeadingZeros,
    countTrailingZeros
  ),

  bitDefault,
  testBitDefault,
  popCountDefault,
  toIntegralSized
 ) where

-- Defines the @Bits@ class containing bit-based operations.
-- See library document for details on the semantics of the
-- individual operations.

#include "MachDeps.h"

#ifdef MIN_VERSION_integer_gmp
# define HAVE_INTEGER_GMP1 MIN_VERSION_integer_gmp(1,0,0)
#endif

import Data.Maybe
import GHC.Enum
import GHC.Num
import GHC.Base
import GHC.Real

#if HAVE_INTEGER_GMP1
import GHC.Integer.GMP.Internals (bitInteger, popCountInteger)
#endif

infixl 8 `shift`, `rotate`, `shiftL`, `shiftR`, `rotateL`, `rotateR`
infixl 7 .&.
infixl 6 `xor`
infixl 5 .|.

{-# DEPRECATED bitSize "Use 'bitSizeMaybe' or 'finiteBitSize' instead" #-} -- deprecated in 7.8

-- | The 'Bits' class defines bitwise operations over integral types.
--
-- * Bits are numbered from 0 with bit 0 being the least
--   significant bit.
class Eq a => Bits a where
    {-# MINIMAL (.&.), (.|.), xor, complement,
                (shift | (shiftL, shiftR)),
                (rotate | (rotateL, rotateR)),
                bitSize, bitSizeMaybe, isSigned, testBit, bit, popCount #-}

    -- | Bitwise \"and\"
    (.&.) :: a -> a -> a

    -- | Bitwise \"or\"
    (.|.) :: a -> a -> a

    -- | Bitwise \"xor\"
    xor :: a -> a -> a

    {-| Reverse all the bits in the argument -}
    complement        :: a -> a

    {-| @'shift' x i@ shifts @x@ left by @i@ bits if @i@ is positive,
        or right by @-i@ bits otherwise.
        Right shifts perform sign extension on signed number types;
        i.e. they fill the top bits with 1 if the @x@ is negative
        and with 0 otherwise.

        An instance can define either this unified 'shift' or 'shiftL' and
        'shiftR', depending on which is more convenient for the type in
        question. -}
    shift             :: a -> Int -> a

    x `shift`   i | i<0       = x `shiftR` (-i)
                  | i>0       = x `shiftL` i
                  | otherwise = x

    {-| @'rotate' x i@ rotates @x@ left by @i@ bits if @i@ is positive,
        or right by @-i@ bits otherwise.

        For unbounded types like 'Integer', 'rotate' is equivalent to 'shift'.

        An instance can define either this unified 'rotate' or 'rotateL' and
        'rotateR', depending on which is more convenient for the type in
        question. -}
    rotate            :: a -> Int -> a

    x `rotate`  i | i<0       = x `rotateR` (-i)
                  | i>0       = x `rotateL` i
                  | otherwise = x

    {-
    -- Rotation can be implemented in terms of two shifts, but care is
    -- needed for negative values.  This suggested implementation assumes
    -- 2's-complement arithmetic.  It is commented out because it would
    -- require an extra context (Ord a) on the signature of 'rotate'.
    x `rotate`  i | i<0 && isSigned x && x<0
                         = let left = i+bitSize x in
                           ((x `shift` i) .&. complement ((-1) `shift` left))
                           .|. (x `shift` left)
                  | i<0  = (x `shift` i) .|. (x `shift` (i+bitSize x))
                  | i==0 = x
                  | i>0  = (x `shift` i) .|. (x `shift` (i-bitSize x))
    -}

    -- | 'zeroBits' is the value with all bits unset.
    --
    -- The following laws ought to hold (for all valid bit indices @/n/@):
    --
    --   * @'clearBit' 'zeroBits' /n/ == 'zeroBits'@
    --   * @'setBit'   'zeroBits' /n/ == 'bit' /n/@
    --   * @'testBit'  'zeroBits' /n/ == False@
    --   * @'popCount' 'zeroBits'   == 0@
    --
    -- This method uses @'clearBit' ('bit' 0) 0@ as its default
    -- implementation (which ought to be equivalent to 'zeroBits' for
    -- types which possess a 0th bit).
    --
    -- @since 4.7.0.0
    zeroBits :: a
    zeroBits = clearBit (bit 0) 0

    -- | @bit /i/@ is a value with the @/i/@th bit set and all other bits clear.
    --
    -- Can be implemented using `bitDefault' if @a@ is also an
    -- instance of 'Num'.
    --
    -- See also 'zeroBits'.
    bit               :: Int -> a

    -- | @x \`setBit\` i@ is the same as @x .|. bit i@
    setBit            :: a -> Int -> a

    -- | @x \`clearBit\` i@ is the same as @x .&. complement (bit i)@
    clearBit          :: a -> Int -> a

    -- | @x \`complementBit\` i@ is the same as @x \`xor\` bit i@
    complementBit     :: a -> Int -> a

    -- | Return 'True' if the @n@th bit of the argument is 1
    --
    -- Can be implemented using `testBitDefault' if @a@ is also an
    -- instance of 'Num'.
    testBit           :: a -> Int -> Bool

    {-| Return the number of bits in the type of the argument.  The actual
        value of the argument is ignored.  Returns Nothing
        for types that do not have a fixed bitsize, like 'Integer'.

        @since 4.7.0.0
        -}
    bitSizeMaybe      :: a -> Maybe Int

    {-| Return the number of bits in the type of the argument.  The actual
        value of the argument is ignored.  The function 'bitSize' is
        undefined for types that do not have a fixed bitsize, like 'Integer'.
        -}
    bitSize           :: a -> Int

    {-| Return 'True' if the argument is a signed type.  The actual
        value of the argument is ignored -}
    isSigned          :: a -> Bool

    {-# INLINE setBit #-}
    {-# INLINE clearBit #-}
    {-# INLINE complementBit #-}
    x `setBit` i        = x .|. bit i
    x `clearBit` i      = x .&. complement (bit i)
    x `complementBit` i = x `xor` bit i

    {-| Shift the argument left by the specified number of bits
        (which must be non-negative).

        An instance can define either this and 'shiftR' or the unified
        'shift', depending on which is more convenient for the type in
        question. -}
    shiftL            :: a -> Int -> a
    {-# INLINE shiftL #-}
    x `shiftL`  i = x `shift`  i

    {-| Shift the argument left by the specified number of bits.  The
        result is undefined for negative shift amounts and shift amounts
        greater or equal to the 'bitSize'.

        Defaults to 'shiftL' unless defined explicitly by an instance.

        @since 4.5.0.0 -}
    unsafeShiftL            :: a -> Int -> a
    {-# INLINE unsafeShiftL #-}
    x `unsafeShiftL` i = x `shiftL` i

    {-| Shift the first argument right by the specified number of bits. The
        result is undefined for negative shift amounts and shift amounts
        greater or equal to the 'bitSize'.

        Right shifts perform sign extension on signed number types;
        i.e. they fill the top bits with 1 if the @x@ is negative
        and with 0 otherwise.

        An instance can define either this and 'shiftL' or the unified
        'shift', depending on which is more convenient for the type in
        question. -}
    shiftR            :: a -> Int -> a
    {-# INLINE shiftR #-}
    x `shiftR`  i = x `shift`  (-i)

    {-| Shift the first argument right by the specified number of bits, which
        must be non-negative an smaller than the number of bits in the type.

        Right shifts perform sign extension on signed number types;
        i.e. they fill the top bits with 1 if the @x@ is negative
        and with 0 otherwise.

        Defaults to 'shiftR' unless defined explicitly by an instance.

        @since 4.5.0.0 -}
    unsafeShiftR            :: a -> Int -> a
    {-# INLINE unsafeShiftR #-}
    x `unsafeShiftR` i = x `shiftR` i

    {-| Rotate the argument left by the specified number of bits
        (which must be non-negative).

        An instance can define either this and 'rotateR' or the unified
        'rotate', depending on which is more convenient for the type in
        question. -}
    rotateL           :: a -> Int -> a
    {-# INLINE rotateL #-}
    x `rotateL` i = x `rotate` i

    {-| Rotate the argument right by the specified number of bits
        (which must be non-negative).

        An instance can define either this and 'rotateL' or the unified
        'rotate', depending on which is more convenient for the type in
        question. -}
    rotateR           :: a -> Int -> a
    {-# INLINE rotateR #-}
    x `rotateR` i = x `rotate` (-i)

    {-| Return the number of set bits in the argument.  This number is
        known as the population count or the Hamming weight.

        Can be implemented using `popCountDefault' if @a@ is also an
        instance of 'Num'.

        @since 4.5.0.0 -}
    popCount          :: a -> Int

-- |The 'FiniteBits' class denotes types with a finite, fixed number of bits.
--
-- @since 4.7.0.0
class Bits b => FiniteBits b where
    -- | Return the number of bits in the type of the argument.
    -- The actual value of the argument is ignored. Moreover, 'finiteBitSize'
    -- is total, in contrast to the deprecated 'bitSize' function it replaces.
    --
    -- @
    -- 'finiteBitSize' = 'bitSize'
    -- 'bitSizeMaybe' = 'Just' . 'finiteBitSize'
    -- @
    --
    -- @since 4.7.0.0
    finiteBitSize :: b -> Int

    -- | Count number of zero bits preceding the most significant set bit.
    --
    -- @
    -- 'countLeadingZeros' ('zeroBits' :: a) = finiteBitSize ('zeroBits' :: a)
    -- @
    --
    -- 'countLeadingZeros' can be used to compute log base 2 via
    --
    -- @
    -- logBase2 x = 'finiteBitSize' x - 1 - 'countLeadingZeros' x
    -- @
    --
    -- Note: The default implementation for this method is intentionally
    -- naive. However, the instances provided for the primitive
    -- integral types are implemented using CPU specific machine
    -- instructions.
    --
    -- @since 4.8.0.0
    countLeadingZeros :: b -> Int
    countLeadingZeros x = (w-1) - go (w-1)
      where
        go i | i < 0       = i -- no bit set
             | testBit x i = i
             | otherwise   = go (i-1)

        w = finiteBitSize x

    -- | Count number of zero bits following the least significant set bit.
    --
    -- @
    -- 'countTrailingZeros' ('zeroBits' :: a) = finiteBitSize ('zeroBits' :: a)
    -- 'countTrailingZeros' . 'negate' = 'countTrailingZeros'
    -- @
    --
    -- The related
    -- <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Find_first_set find-first-set operation>
    -- can be expressed in terms of 'countTrailingZeros' as follows
    --
    -- @
    -- findFirstSet x = 1 + 'countTrailingZeros' x
    -- @
    --
    -- Note: The default implementation for this method is intentionally
    -- naive. However, the instances provided for the primitive
    -- integral types are implemented using CPU specific machine
    -- instructions.
    --
    -- @since 4.8.0.0
    countTrailingZeros :: b -> Int
    countTrailingZeros x = go 0
      where
        go i | i >= w      = i
             | testBit x i = i
             | otherwise   = go (i+1)

        w = finiteBitSize x

-- The defaults below are written with lambdas so that e.g.
--     bit = bitDefault
-- is fully applied, so inlining will happen

-- | Default implementation for 'bit'.
--
-- Note that: @bitDefault i = 1 `shiftL` i@
--
-- @since 4.6.0.0
bitDefault :: (Bits a, Num a) => Int -> a
bitDefault = \i -> 1 `shiftL` i
{-# INLINE bitDefault #-}

-- | Default implementation for 'testBit'.
--
-- Note that: @testBitDefault x i = (x .&. bit i) /= 0@
--
-- @since 4.6.0.0
testBitDefault ::  (Bits a, Num a) => a -> Int -> Bool
testBitDefault = \x i -> (x .&. bit i) /= 0
{-# INLINE testBitDefault #-}

-- | Default implementation for 'popCount'.
--
-- This implementation is intentionally naive. Instances are expected to provide
-- an optimized implementation for their size.
--
-- @since 4.6.0.0
popCountDefault :: (Bits a, Num a) => a -> Int
popCountDefault = go 0
 where
   go !c 0 = c
   go c w = go (c+1) (w .&. (w - 1)) -- clear the least significant
{-# INLINABLE popCountDefault #-}

-- Interpret 'Bool' as 1-bit bit-field; @since 4.7.0.0
instance Bits Bool where
    (.&.) = (&&)

    (.|.) = (||)

    xor = (/=)

    complement = not

    shift x 0 = x
    shift _ _ = False

    rotate x _ = x

    bit 0 = True
    bit _ = False

    testBit x 0 = x
    testBit _ _ = False

    bitSizeMaybe _ = Just 1

    bitSize _ = 1

    isSigned _ = False

    popCount False = 0
    popCount True  = 1

instance FiniteBits Bool where
    finiteBitSize _ = 1
    countTrailingZeros x = if x then 0 else 1
    countLeadingZeros  x = if x then 0 else 1

instance Bits Int where
    {-# INLINE shift #-}
    {-# INLINE bit #-}
    {-# INLINE testBit #-}

    zeroBits = 0

    bit     = bitDefault

    testBit = testBitDefault

    (I# x#) .&.   (I# y#)          = I# (x# `andI#` y#)
    (I# x#) .|.   (I# y#)          = I# (x# `orI#`  y#)
    (I# x#) `xor` (I# y#)          = I# (x# `xorI#` y#)
    complement (I# x#)             = I# (notI# x#)
    (I# x#) `shift` (I# i#)
        | isTrue# (i# >=# 0#)      = I# (x# `iShiftL#` i#)
        | otherwise                = I# (x# `iShiftRA#` negateInt# i#)
    (I# x#) `shiftL` (I# i#)       = I# (x# `iShiftL#` i#)
    (I# x#) `unsafeShiftL` (I# i#) = I# (x# `uncheckedIShiftL#` i#)
    (I# x#) `shiftR` (I# i#)       = I# (x# `iShiftRA#` i#)
    (I# x#) `unsafeShiftR` (I# i#) = I# (x# `uncheckedIShiftRA#` i#)

    {-# INLINE rotate #-}       -- See Note [Constant folding for rotate]
    (I# x#) `rotate` (I# i#) =
        I# ((x# `uncheckedIShiftL#` i'#) `orI#` (x# `uncheckedIShiftRL#` (wsib -# i'#)))
      where
        !i'# = i# `andI#` (wsib -# 1#)
        !wsib = WORD_SIZE_IN_BITS#   {- work around preprocessor problem (??) -}
    bitSizeMaybe i         = Just (finiteBitSize i)
    bitSize i              = finiteBitSize i

    popCount (I# x#) = I# (word2Int# (popCnt# (int2Word# x#)))

    isSigned _             = True

instance FiniteBits Int where
    finiteBitSize _ = WORD_SIZE_IN_BITS
    countLeadingZeros  (I# x#) = I# (word2Int# (clz# (int2Word# x#)))
    countTrailingZeros (I# x#) = I# (word2Int# (ctz# (int2Word# x#)))

instance Bits Word where
    {-# INLINE shift #-}
    {-# INLINE bit #-}
    {-# INLINE testBit #-}

    (W# x#) .&.   (W# y#)    = W# (x# `and#` y#)
    (W# x#) .|.   (W# y#)    = W# (x# `or#`  y#)
    (W# x#) `xor` (W# y#)    = W# (x# `xor#` y#)
    complement (W# x#)       = W# (x# `xor#` mb#)
        where !(W# mb#) = maxBound
    (W# x#) `shift` (I# i#)
        | isTrue# (i# >=# 0#)      = W# (x# `shiftL#` i#)
        | otherwise                = W# (x# `shiftRL#` negateInt# i#)
    (W# x#) `shiftL` (I# i#)       = W# (x# `shiftL#` i#)
    (W# x#) `unsafeShiftL` (I# i#) = W# (x# `uncheckedShiftL#` i#)
    (W# x#) `shiftR` (I# i#)       = W# (x# `shiftRL#` i#)
    (W# x#) `unsafeShiftR` (I# i#) = W# (x# `uncheckedShiftRL#` i#)
    (W# x#) `rotate` (I# i#)
        | isTrue# (i'# ==# 0#) = W# x#
        | otherwise  = W# ((x# `uncheckedShiftL#` i'#) `or#` (x# `uncheckedShiftRL#` (wsib -# i'#)))
        where
        !i'# = i# `andI#` (wsib -# 1#)
        !wsib = WORD_SIZE_IN_BITS#  {- work around preprocessor problem (??) -}
    bitSizeMaybe i           = Just (finiteBitSize i)
    bitSize i                = finiteBitSize i
    isSigned _               = False
    popCount (W# x#)         = I# (word2Int# (popCnt# x#))
    bit                      = bitDefault
    testBit                  = testBitDefault

instance FiniteBits Word where
    finiteBitSize _ = WORD_SIZE_IN_BITS
    countLeadingZeros  (W# x#) = I# (word2Int# (clz# x#))
    countTrailingZeros (W# x#) = I# (word2Int# (ctz# x#))

instance Bits Integer where
   (.&.) = andInteger
   (.|.) = orInteger
   xor = xorInteger
   complement = complementInteger
   shift x i@(I# i#) | i >= 0    = shiftLInteger x i#
                     | otherwise = shiftRInteger x (negateInt# i#)
   testBit x (I# i) = testBitInteger x i
   zeroBits   = 0

#if HAVE_INTEGER_GMP1
   bit (I# i#) = bitInteger i#
   popCount x  = I# (popCountInteger x)
#else
   bit        = bitDefault
   popCount   = popCountDefault
#endif

   rotate x i = shift x i   -- since an Integer never wraps around

   bitSizeMaybe _ = Nothing
   bitSize _  = error "Data.Bits.bitSize(Integer)"
   isSigned _ = True

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- | Attempt to convert an 'Integral' type @a@ to an 'Integral' type @b@ using
-- the size of the types as measured by 'Bits' methods.
--
-- A simpler version of this function is:
--
-- > toIntegral :: (Integral a, Integral b) => a -> Maybe b
-- > toIntegral x
-- >   | toInteger x == y = Just (fromInteger y)
-- >   | otherwise        = Nothing
-- >   where
-- >     y = toInteger x
--
-- This version requires going through 'Integer', which can be inefficient.
-- However, @toIntegralSized@ is optimized to allow GHC to statically determine
-- the relative type sizes (as measured by 'bitSizeMaybe' and 'isSigned') and
-- avoid going through 'Integer' for many types. (The implementation uses
-- 'fromIntegral', which is itself optimized with rules for @base@ types but may
-- go through 'Integer' for some type pairs.)
--
-- @since 4.8.0.0

toIntegralSized :: (Integral a, Integral b, Bits a, Bits b) => a -> Maybe b
toIntegralSized x                 -- See Note [toIntegralSized optimization]
  | maybe True (<= x) yMinBound
  , maybe True (x <=) yMaxBound = Just y
  | otherwise                   = Nothing
  where
    y = fromIntegral x

    xWidth = bitSizeMaybe x
    yWidth = bitSizeMaybe y

    yMinBound
      | isBitSubType x y = Nothing
      | isSigned x, not (isSigned y) = Just 0
      | isSigned x, isSigned y
      , Just yW <- yWidth = Just (negate $ bit (yW-1)) -- Assumes sub-type
      | otherwise = Nothing

    yMaxBound
      | isBitSubType x y = Nothing
      | isSigned x, not (isSigned y)
      , Just xW <- xWidth, Just yW <- yWidth
      , xW <= yW+1 = Nothing -- Max bound beyond a's domain
      | Just yW <- yWidth = if isSigned y
                            then Just (bit (yW-1)-1)
                            else Just (bit yW-1)
      | otherwise = Nothing
{-# INLINEABLE toIntegralSized #-}

-- | 'True' if the size of @a@ is @<=@ the size of @b@, where size is measured
-- by 'bitSizeMaybe' and 'isSigned'.
isBitSubType :: (Bits a, Bits b) => a -> b -> Bool
isBitSubType x y
  -- Reflexive
  | xWidth == yWidth, xSigned == ySigned = True

  -- Every integer is a subset of 'Integer'
  | ySigned, Nothing == yWidth                  = True
  | not xSigned, not ySigned, Nothing == yWidth = True

  -- Sub-type relations between fixed-with types
  | xSigned == ySigned,   Just xW <- xWidth, Just yW <- yWidth = xW <= yW
  | not xSigned, ySigned, Just xW <- xWidth, Just yW <- yWidth = xW <  yW

  | otherwise = False
  where
    xWidth  = bitSizeMaybe x
    xSigned = isSigned     x

    yWidth  = bitSizeMaybe y
    ySigned = isSigned     y
{-# INLINE isBitSubType #-}

{-      Note [Constant folding for rotate]
        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The INLINE on the Int instance of rotate enables it to be constant
folded.  For example:
     sumU . mapU (`rotate` 3) . replicateU 10000000 $ (7 :: Int)
goes to:
   Main.$wfold =
     \ (ww_sO7 :: Int#) (ww1_sOb :: Int#) ->
       case ww1_sOb of wild_XM {
         __DEFAULT -> Main.$wfold (+# ww_sO7 56) (+# wild_XM 1);
         10000000 -> ww_sO7
whereas before it was left as a call to $wrotate.

All other Bits instances seem to inline well enough on their
own to enable constant folding; for example 'shift':
     sumU . mapU (`shift` 3) . replicateU 10000000 $ (7 :: Int)
 goes to:
     Main.$wfold =
       \ (ww_sOb :: Int#) (ww1_sOf :: Int#) ->
         case ww1_sOf of wild_XM {
           __DEFAULT -> Main.$wfold (+# ww_sOb 56) (+# wild_XM 1);
           10000000 -> ww_sOb
         }
-}

-- Note [toIntegralSized optimization]
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-- The code in 'toIntegralSized' relies on GHC optimizing away statically
-- decidable branches.
--
-- If both integral types are statically known, GHC will be able optimize the
-- code significantly (for @-O1@ and better).
--
-- For instance (as of GHC 7.8.1) the following definitions:
--
-- > w16_to_i32 = toIntegralSized :: Word16 -> Maybe Int32
-- >
-- > i16_to_w16 = toIntegralSized :: Int16 -> Maybe Word16
--
-- are translated into the following (simplified) /GHC Core/ language:
--
-- > w16_to_i32 = \x -> Just (case x of _ { W16# x# -> I32# (word2Int# x#) })
-- >
-- > i16_to_w16 = \x -> case eta of _
-- >   { I16# b1 -> case tagToEnum# (<=# 0 b1) of _
-- >       { False -> Nothing
-- >       ; True -> Just (W16# (narrow16Word# (int2Word# b1)))
-- >       }
-- >   }


text:
IMDb Bottom 100 Review - 040 Zombie Nightmare
Zombie and/or monster movies are a pretty frequently recurring theme in these bottom dwelling movies that make my current playlist of doom. I have assumed from day one, that the reason for this trend is, that it doesn't require a lot from the writers, producers, actors, cinematographers, camera and equipment and even us, the viewers. Or me in this case. And that assumption hasn't been proved wrong yet. The few movies from this list I've not actively hated, have been attempts, however misplaced they may be, at writing actual story not involving some badly made up idiot trying to murder people for whatever reason. Tonight's feature proves my assumption is based on sound and empirical proof. So if you're still wondering if I'm right, please join me in taking a critical of less than enthusiastic look at…
Immediately after being raised from the dead, he is handed his legacy - a baseball bat.
Zombie nightmare (1986)
God damn zombies. I should probably admit at this point, that I'm not a huge fan of them in movies. Yes, I said it. All the more reason watching these fucking abominations takes its toll on me. It's mostly the slow walking zombies that annoy me. The fast paced stuff from the likes of 28 days later or Zombieland are fine. Perhaps I haven't watched enough of the classics to really appreciate it. But in this movie, the one zombie present just came off as extremely stupid. Everybody around him didn't exactly help, I'll grant him that. At least they didn't go balls to the walls on make up. So there's that.
Mario impersonator and two random dudes opts to bring corpse of son to mother's lawn instead of medical facility. That's a felony.
It's a pretty simple revenge movie when the layers of pretension and ill-placed ambition has been peeled away. Some moron is ploughed down by a car full of teenagers, and his mom, and some store keeper with an Italian accent that would make Mario and Luigi shit their wrench wielding pants, immediately takes him to the local witch slash voodoo aficionado, instead of a hospital because what the fuck is the point of modern science when you can have an undead son roaming the streets instead. Immediately he returns to undead life, this wife beater wearing growler does the only logical thing: goes on a hate fueled vendetta. Apparently he retained a full memory of all 5 people in the car, and instantly knew the names and residences. Voodoo has come a long way from when I was a kid.
This fucking kid. I know he was supposed to be a douche, but I feel like he didn't have to act much. I hated his face so much.
But it's not as simple as just picking off 5 kids. It never is, is it? The police gets involved, and a young ambitious detective tries his damndest to solve, what appears to be, murders of inhuman proportions. His captain tries to dissuade him, until he suddenly realises the murders bears the mark of the very same witch woman that did something to him years ago, and he smells the sweet sweet scent of revenge. Ladies and gentlemen, we have a vendetta twofer! As zombie-son murders his way through the 5 obnoxious teenagers, preventing rapes and other mishaps along the way (crime fighting zombie? That'll be the day), Captain Revenge picks up the witch and drives to the cemetery where everything culminates in a showdown the likes of which Wyatt Earp would've tipped his blood soaked stetson to. Speaking of Tombstone, a guy with a minor, but vital role, was one of the producers of the movie of that name. Yes. Captain is dragged into the grave with the zombie and the witch is shot in the process. Young detective is left, possibly more confused than ever, with zero answers to anything. But at least the 5 teens got what was coming to them! Their hair-dos alone would've sent me on a killing spree that would've sent Charles Manson back to the drawing board.
Beautiful! This scene was emotional for me. Tears streaming, I thanked a random deity for their benevolence in granting my wish.
This is one of those movies, where you'll recognize an actor or a name from the crew because a lot of these assholes are the kind of assholes who just barely didn't make it big. With one, glorious, exception. I'll get back to that in a second. We see the likes of Tia Carrera and the dude who wrote Another 48 Hours among the actors, and a director whose claim to fame was producing lewd movies with the word 'sex' in the title. 'Sex Family Robinson' was one of his early endeavors. You can almost smell the sweat soaked suede furniture from the title alone. Be all that as it may, the one exception to all these miscreants is of course the captain, played by none other than Adam West. Now that name alone should fuel you with mirth beyond your wildest dreams. Not only did he play the Batman of the 60s that Christian Bale allegedly based his Batman performance on (don't bother researching this. I'm a movie reviewer. Trust me.) but he also does an amazing stint in Family Guy as Mayor Adam West. I'm not sure what on earth West figured he was doing in this movie, playing a tough love Captain with a shady past and a mean streak that could have made Biff Tannen sit up and take notice. Perhaps, as we so often see down here in the boondocks, it was all about the Benjamins. P Diddy would agree with me, that it's often about those. Thankfully Adam West ditched the shitty horror genre and gifted us laughs and joy instead of yawns and accidental razor cuts.
The typical Voodoo witch getup. What the fuck was anybody thinking in putting that poor woman on screen looking like this?
I suppose I have to give a little credit where it's due. This movie was pretty stupid and in usual style, what it lacked in story progression and character development, it more than made up for in prolonged pointless shots and montages that served precisely zero purpose. The credit I wanted to give was, that the overall quality of the movie's look wasn't completely horrible. The content was stupid and shallow and lacked any kind of redeeming features. But the picture quality was surprisingly good for a low budget subpar production from the mid-80s. I hated every single character, I think. Especially what I suppose we could call the main antagonist. A skinny motherfucker with the most annoying hair since Kurt Russell. I wanted to throw rocks into his eyes within seconds of him appearing on screen, which might be a new record. He got stabbed with the thick end of a baseball bat, which in itself is pretty fucking impressive. A baseball bat, if you would care to remember, is round and pretty blunt, especially at the end with which you hit balls. Still, it was pushed through his sternum with wanton ease by the vengeful zombie. I can't claim I smiled or chuckled, because I was ready to gouge my eyes out at this point, but it definitely was the best moment of the film.
I don't have a lot of words that can adequately describe what is happening here. I just don't.
It's rough to watch movies where so little happens that has any interest or redeeming qualities. I guess you'd think I'd be used to it by now, but it just doesn't happen. I'm not gonna put this movie all the way at the bottom of my so far 60 watched movies. Lord knows there are plenty of candidates for the 10 most obnoxious and annoying flicks, and this, while definitely stupid and a waste of many many people's time, was somewhere in the bland and featureless middle. It was 80s for sure, but it could just as easily have been 90s or even made in the last decade, by people didn't know what a story was, until they clawed their way out of feral lives among wolves in their early twenties. I can't fathom how nobody who reads these scripts or directs people enacting them, can't see, that so much shit is lacking to make it coherent or interesting. Like jumps on story or shit the characters do that just only makes sense because we, the viewers, are able to understand, that it doesn't make sense. One of these days, I'm gonna write a movie that fills in blanks in all of these tropes. A movie that does the opposite of every shitty flick that doesn't make sense. And has one of every character always lacking in other movies. One of these days...
Bonus Adam West. The most Adam West person on the planet. He didn't Adam West as much as I've seen Adam West Adam West before. But you can't expect too much I guess.
Sunday, January 31, 2016 No comments


Presentation by Maurizio Curtarelli, European Foundation for Improvement of Living & Working Conditions.
Yannis Kotsifos, European Federation of Journalists.
Defending journalism and labor rights in an ever-changing media landscape.


text:
Q: Change Firebase Cloud Message account I have my android app running firebase cloud message using uat@gmail.com. and now, i need to change the administration to production account bbb@mycompany.com
what i have done, using bbb@mycompany.com to create new project and generate a new google-services.json and replace existing google-services.json i created with aaa@gmail.com
using android studio connect to firebase and show
Firebase: A config file "D:\xxx\xxx\google-services.json" was found, but it indicates a project ID "xxx-1vv" that you dont appear to have access to. Request access or delete the file in order to proceed with the connection process.
anyone could help??

A: You can transfer ownership of a Cloud (Firebase) product without having to change the way your users user the project.  Please read this for details.  Note that all Firebase projects are also Cloud projects, so anything you do in the Cloud console applies to Firebase.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
import { TrendingQuery } from './TrendingQuery';

export type TrendingFacetsQuery = Omit<TrendingQuery, 'model' | 'facetValue'>;


text:
What's Her Secret: The Sad Collective Co-Founder Meghan Yuri Young
What's Her Secret: Storyteller & Mental Health Advocate Meghan Yuri Young
by Sienna Vittoria Lee-Coughlin
After her family introduced her to the world of fantasy and sci-fi novels as a young girl, Meghan Yuri Young got hooked on literature and knew she wanted to be a writer. She went on to pursue a double major in English and Psychology at the University of Toronto, and after interning at a variety of magazines, she spent her 20s travelling and freelancing. A few years ago, Yuri Young quit her steady freelance gig and decided to dive into blogging and social media. She launched her eponymous site that covers well-being, the arts, and philanthropy, and grew her social media brand, @meghanyuriyoung (which today boasts more than 17k followers). Now, the 34-year-old Torontonian is a full-time writer, content creator, and consultant by day, and the leader of mental health platform The Sad Collective by night.
Read on as we chat with Yuri Young about The Sad Collective, how to broach the topic of mental illness, and how celebrities like Selena Gomez and Demi Lovato are helping the cause.
What motivated you to start The Sad Collective, and how did it come to be?
Long story short, heartbreak. I was in the midst of ending my marriage and my good friend, Vasiliki Marapas, was also going through a rough time. We're both writers and worked together at a company that was stifling our creativity. So we started The Sad Collective.
It started very grassroots with a social media presence, some stencils we used to graffiti the streets of Toronto with, and an urge to not only validate our feelings, but also those around us.
How did the team behind the Sad Collective come together and what is your role?
Once Vas and I came up with the name, we tapped another friend, Mo Bofill, to design the logo and come on as our general visual creative. She's an incredible illustrator and graphic designer. Mo illustrated our crying Drake logo.
Then we expanded with a therapist, to address more of the clinical side of mental health and illness. However, she had to step aside due to work commitments. I also brought on another talented designer, Paulina Perzynska, who is one of the most resilient people I know. She lives with depression, social anxiety and a few other physical ailments, and yet is so strong with an even stronger commitment to making a difference in the mental health community.
The Sad Collective's "Crying Drake" logo
What does the Sad Collective do?
Since this is a passion platform, we do a lot and very little at the same time (hahaha). I like to describe The Sad Collective as a platform for the people by the people. So it's really whatever our little collective and the larger mental health community wants to make it. We try to destigmatize the conversation around mental health through our social media channels, we also share people's stories via our blog. But more than that, we're becoming a space that reminds everyone that we're not alone, we're all in this together. But after our big One Brave Night event on April 6 in partnership with CAMH, I'm looking to create more offline experiences to bring the community together even more.
How did this partnership come about?
Well, it was a few years in the making. I've personally been involved in iterations of One Brave Night for the last four years. The Sad Collective has been raising funds for the annual charity event for three. Then last year, CAMH approached us to be the face of the fundraiser. When they asked again this year, I knew we had to take the opportunity to create something and not just talk about something.
This year, CAMH further themed One Brave Night with the slogan: "choose your challenge." It embraces the idea that everyone is different, with individual experiences and preferences. With this in mind, The Sad Collective put on a day of adventures starting with a charity sweat at Myodetox Performance, followed by a midday meditation with The Quiet Company, and ending at Free Space for the evening program.
The evening was by far my biggest focus. I brought together nine amazing speakers for an open mic-style portion that focused on everything from personal stories to poetry and even a rap. Afterwards, we put on a movie, played board games and just connected with each other — which was easy after listening to such vulnerable stories.
What kind of feedback have you been getting on The Sad Collective?
We've had so much positive feedback from the community when it comes to The Sad Collective's efforts. The more we do, the more people reach out either to help out, to share their own stories, or to tell us how much they relate to what they've heard or read. My heart is constantly warmed by the incredible impact it has had, but it's only because people use it and make it their own. It exists not only for the mental health community, but also for the individual.
What unique spin does the Sad Collective take on the issue of mental illness?
I don't think we have a unique spin other than the fact that we highlight other incredible, organizations, initiatives, and people than we do our own efforts. We also strive to have an inclusive and diverse existence that encompasses representation on many levels. Not only are we concerned with being relatable to people from all walks of life, but we want to address the fact that things aren't always okay — and that's okay — while not losing an overall positive stance on mental health and illness.
What do you hope to see change in the way our society sees and acts on mental health?
The first thing that I'd like to see, and it's already happening, are more voices being heard and stories being told. It's already scary experiencing something out of our control, but imagine how much scarier it is when you think you're the only one going through it and no one else will believe you or understand.
Other than that, I hope that there's more research conducted in the mental health realm so it becomes less and less invisible. Although by nature they will continue to be invisible ailments compared to other diseases and struggles, with more research, that could potentially change — again, all linked to increased empathy. It always starts with education.
What role do you think celebrities like Selena Gomez and Demi Lovato have played in speaking about their struggles with mental illness and addiction?
They play an incredibly important role. People need role models who are open and honest to look up to. As well as role models who aren't afraid to say, "I'm not perfect. I too experience hard times," whatever forms those times take. Celebrities and people of interest will make destigmatizing mental health conversations catch like wildfire.
What stories are you most passionate about telling?
I'm most passionate about stories in general. I'm flipping the question on itself! But if I had to choose specific topics, I'm currently obsessed with the idea of bettering communication, learning about myself more and discovering my voice through creative writing. A lot of it links back to mental health and simply striving to be a good human — hence, The Sad Collective and my philanthropic ventures.
What strategies would you recommend for broaching the conversation of mental illness?
The strategies I would recommend very much fall into the common sense category: first be open-minded; second, research. The more educated you are, the less you'll leave to generalizations and misrepresentation. Education breeds empathy, which will lead to another strategy: listening. Sometimes broaching the conversation means lending an active ear. Other times it will simply be to ask more and more questions. Overall, the conversation always needs to be met with good intentions and a heightened awareness of the other person as well as the stigmas around such topics.
What is next for you and for The Sad Collective?
More offline connections. Throwing One Brave Night solidified how much of an impact we really want to make. Currently planning an art show as well as some monthly programming that will provide people with concrete skills to help them through darker moments.
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The more you delve into the fascinating world of education, the more exciting it becomes – educators across the UK are dreaming up new, creative ways to awaken students to the joys of learning through strategies like student-negotiated learning, critical questioning and original activities. These are some of the Top 10 Education Blogs in the UK, both in terms of popularity and quality content.
1 Ewan McIntosh's edublogs.com: This would have to hold pole position in our list of must-read blogs on education. Founder, Ewan McIntosh, is a pioneer in creative education. He was a French and German high school teacher for many years before founding NoTosh Limited, a startup company which develops groundbreaking products and services alongside forward-thinking companies and takes the lessons gained from these experiences back to schools. NoTosh works with literally hundreds of schools, providing teachers with new ways to engage students and 'addict' them to learning. McIntosh and his team teach educators valuable lessons like how to get kids to ask "great questions", how to provide the feedback students need and how to empower children in the learning process ('negotiated learning', for instance, encourages kids to determine class content and structure to a great extent). This education blog is peppered with cutting-edge ideas for changing approaches to learning. Check out this project, which teaches children how to research with a more profound outlook, by searching for 'NonGoogleable' content.
3 Pragmatic Education by Joe Kirby: English teacher, Joe Kirby, is a prolific blog writer whose extremely well-researched blog delves into how to improve learning and inspire students. Posting blogs at a rate of around once a week, he asks and offers well-researched answers to important questions like 'How might social media help teachers improve education?' 'What makes a great school curriculum?' And 'What makes great teaching?' Rather than providing generic and opinion-based answers, he refers to the answers given by prominent educators and thinkers and strives, with every post, to provide a better framework for children to succeed.
4 Full On Learning by Zoë Elder: "I am a learning and teaching geek. Unapologetically so," says Zoë Elder, whose education blog is a collection of "sparkling gems" the teacher comes across and doesn't necessarily know what to do with, but which merit sharing with fellow "geeks". Elder, who recently published a book on the topic of education, encourages a pragmatic approach to learning. She invites educators to focus on their students, and aim to create the type of worker that top companies seek: fast, creative thinkers who can take a difficult situation and turn it on its head. It isn't I.Q. that necessarily make people successful, she says; rather, it is their ability to think creatively. A very worthwhile reading experience providing good material on learner motivation.
5 Scenes from the Battleground by Andrew Old: Andrew Old's no-frills take on teaching makes his blog particularly popular with teachers and parents alike who are not afraid to face the biggest flaws in current education in the UK. He provides his own caustic commentary but also includes interesting entries from other teachers, like this poston the inadequacy of current history teaching. Old encourages readers to question the educational system and its most resilient myths and provides thoughtful discussion on current buzzwords in education like the 'skills vs knowledge' debate.
6 Box of Tricks by José Picardo: This award-winning technology and education blog is written by a high school languages teacher with a Masters Degree in ICT and Education. It reveals how to most effectively use the Internet to increase motivation and engagement.This post, for instance, shows how apps can be used to increase vocabulary; another postintroduces handy new assessment tools like Glogster; a third entry encourages teachers to create learning playlists; this is absolutely cutting-edge stuff!
7 The Whiteboard Blog by Danny Nicholson: Danny Nicholson boasts over 15 years' teaching/training experience and his passion, like José Picardo above, lies in supporting the use of technology in the classroom. He offers some incredibly fun ideas (like how to extract iron from cereal with a magnet), how to use technology to create beautiful artwork and how to teach Biology with an interactive human body browser!
8 The Lives of Teachers by Darren Elliott: This sensitively written blog is written by Darren Elliott, a languages teacher who has worked for many years in Japan and the UK; it is sparked by his interaction with and interest in other teachers, who have inspired him to find out more about them: How do they develop their knowledge base? What motivates them? What factors influence their work?
9 Don't Waste Your Time by David Hopkins: This blog was started as a result of Learning Technologist, David Hopkins' interest in connecting with educators, facilitators, technicians and designers whose interests like in eLearning, mLearning, simulation-based learning, technology in the classroom, Web 2.0 and much more. Despite its authors specialised knowledge, it is a highly accessible blog which offers both general and specific entries on a host of topics, including the advantages and disadvantages of technology in education, enhanced learning and the future of education.
10 Hunting English by Alex Quigley: This blog is written by an English teacher "on the hunt for great teaching and learning strategies" yet he provides so many good ideas that rather than a hunter, he is very much a provider! Take this post on how to encourage students to ask more questions, or another entry on how to encourage students to develop'true grit': that burning desire to learn that differentiates a mediocre student from an excellent one. Quigley is a prolific writer whose regular entries merit the keen following they have. Discover everything from the importance of giving adequate feedback to the advantages of starting your own blog!


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text:
Going Independent with Mik Gaspay
Artist and designer Mik Gaspay left the steady 9 to 5 twice in his career and has learned a...
Artist and designer Mik Gaspay left the steady 9 to 5 twice in his career and has learned a thing or two about being bold and going for what you want. On today's episode of Making Ways podcast Mik shares his journey, discussing his move to Palo Alto from the Philippines at age 9, his work at Colorforms toys, what life was like as a grad student at art school while also working full time there in IT, and the moment the band Built to Spill helped light the spark to his pursuit of an independent career. Mik also offers practical advice for those seeking to break away from their day jobs and how to navigate the highs and lows of the freelance hustle.
About Mik
Mik Gaspay gleans stories from material culture. By transforming mundane, mass-produced objects out of their everyday environments, Gaspay's work uncovers capitalism's effects on migration and assimilation, class and identity. Having migrated to the US from the Philippines as a child, his work distills historical, personal, and corporate narratives into a theatrical laboratory of objects that exist as emblems of social or personal identity. He reinterprets and recontextualizes the form of found objects to suss out questions of meaning, status, and value. His divergent strategies of artistic production reflect the abundant products and conduits that actively shape our individuality and our shared experiences. Weaving together invention and documentation, Gaspay's work revises the familiar to express playful queries about the messages embedded within the things that in part identify us.
Mik Gaspay (b. 1976 in Quezon City, Philippines) lives and works in San Francisco.
Gaspay received his MFA from California College of the Arts in 2011. Gaspay has had a solo exhibition at Alter Space Gallery in San Francisco. He has also participated in various group shows in museums and spaces including the Asian Art Museum in San Francisco, Art Gallery at the University of Hawaii in Hilo, WhiteBox Gallery in New York. Gaspay was awarded a commission by the Chinese Culture Center in San Francisco for a permanent public art installation in San Francisco Chinatown's Portsmouth Square Bridge.
Mik's Official Website
Mik on Instagram
Fyrn, modern chairs and furniture
Video for SFMOMA
Upcoming show at Royal NoneSuch Gallery


text:
Q: Error en directorio con Android 10 en cordova Estoy usando este script en Cordova para guardar un .pdf en una archivo  que funciona perfectamente en Android8 , pero no sé porque me da un error en android10. No logro encontrar el error, tan solo el código se va al método

onGetDirectoryFail()

var descargarPDF = (urlDescarga, tipoDocumento) => {

    sessionStorage.platform = 'android';
    var fileTransfer = new FileTransfer();

    if (tipoDocumento == 1) {
        filename = "example1.pdf"
    }

    if (tipoDocumento == 2) {
        filename = "example2.pdf"
    }

    try {
        if (sessionStorage.platform.toLowerCase() == "android") {
            window.resolveLocalFileSystemURL(cordova.file.externalRootDirectory, onFileSystemSuccess, onError);
        }
        else {
            window.requestFileSystem(LocalFileSystem.PERSISTENT, 0, onFileSystemSuccess, onError);
        }
    }
    catch (err) {
        alert("ER - " + err.message);
    }

    function onError(e) {
        alert("onError");
    };

    function onFileSystemSuccess(fileSystem) {
        var entry = "";
        if (sessionStorage.platform.toLowerCase() == "android") {
            entry = fileSystem;
        }
        else {
            entry = fileSystem.root;
        }
        entry.getDirectory("Cordava", { create: true, exclusive: false }, onGetDirectorySuccess, onGetDirectoryFail);
    };

    function onGetDirectorySuccess(dir) {
        dir.getDirectory("Data", { create: true, exclusive: false }, onGetDirectorySuccess1, onGetDirectoryFail);
    };

    function onGetDirectorySuccess1(dir) {
        cdr = dir;
        dir.getFile(filename, { create: true, exclusive: false }, gotFileEntry, errorHandler);
    };

    function gotFileEntry(fileEntry) {
         var uri = encodeURI(urlDescarga);

        fileTransfer.download(uri, cdr.nativeURL + filename,
            function (entry) {
                openFile();
            },
            function (error) {
                endLoader();
                alert(" error " + error.source);
            },
            true);
    };

 //Aquí es donde se va el codigo con Android10
  function onGetDirectoryFail(error) {
    alert("onGetDirectoryFail");
};

Alguna idea, por favor, de lo que estoy haciendo mal, estoy atascado en eso.
Gracias

A: El problema es que en Android ya 10 no puedes acceder a cordova.file.externalRootDirectory
Para permitir acceder agrega en tu config.xml:
android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true"

de esta forma:
<edit-config file="app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml" mode="merge" target="/manifest/application">
   <application android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true"/>
</edit-config>


Waterfalls add a touch of beauty to any landscape and the UK has a majestic selection of these natural wonders.
We've found some of the best waterfalls which are an hour or less away from our parks so you can pay a visit if you're heading out for the day!
Linhope Spout can be found in the Northumberland International Dark Sky Park. The stunning 60 foot drop waterfall is set in a beautiful countryside alongside the River Breamish. You may also be able to spot some red squirrels in the area!
There are three waterfalls at St Nectans Glen – the one pictured is the most famous as an incredible 60 foot waterfall flows through a hole in the rock formation. You will find another waterfall following on from the shallow pool of the first and a third which is described as a 'hidden gem' is 80 foot in length.
Set in a Victorian park the main Aira Force waterfall has a 70 foot drop from below a stone footbridge. And being based in the Lake District you're guaranteed some stunning scenery!
Book your 2019 break and visit one of these incredible waterfalls!
The Ingleton Waterfalls Trail has a series of beautiful waterfalls, beginning with a series of five Pecca Falls which drop 98 feet over sandstone and slate. Further on you can stop for a picnic at the famous Thornton Force where the rivers flows off a limestone cliff which was created 330 million years ago in a sub-tropical sea!
Closeby to Malham Cove, Janets' Foss is a popular waterfall for families to visit as it carries the Gordale Beck over a limestone rock formation into a deep pool! Its name comes from a fairy tale about a supposed fairy queen named 'Jennet'!
Devil's Bridge Falls once had a poem written about it by William Wordsworth and it's not hard to see why. The name comes from the fact there are three bridges built on top of each other and a legend about the devil visiting Wales! In total the falls fall 300 feet down the gorge.
Running through the deep gorge of the Fairy Glenn, the magnificent Conwy Falls is based in a designated ancient native woodland. You can walk through more than 9 acres of the spectacular forest and even enjoy a stop off at the falls' cafe.
Swallow Falls is set amongst a background of beech, conifer and birch trees in the gorgeous Gwydir Forest and is a designated a site of special scientific interest. Falling on the River Llugwy this is actually the highest continuous waterfall in Wales!
Are you planning on visiting any of these stunning waterfalls in 2019? Have we missed any that we should definitely visit? Let us know in the comment section below!


Especially as my collector friends discuss the estimated sale price range of $200,000 – $400,000.
The watch in question, seen in my photos throughout this article, is one of perhaps only 25 stainless steel watches of any kind ever made for sale by A. Lange & Söhne.
And while Lange isn't saying, by general consensus among informed collectors it is one of only three Lange 1 examples in steel with a black dial, and the first ever to appear at auction.
That's more than enough to get my juices flowing, but in this case I'm an even more interested observer as I know all three owners this watch has had, including the current owner who has made the tough choice to part with it to finance another acquisition.
If you owned a highly complicated Audemars Piguet watch such as the Jules Audemars Equation of Time, would you trade it for a limited edition AP Royal Oak of the same value?
Would a unique Philippe Dufour Simplicity encased in titanium have a different value to you than one of the more than 200 existing precious-metal pieces?
What would you pay for a garden-variety 1930s Longines wristwatch? What if it had been the daily wearer of Albert Einstein?
Welcome to the world of rarity! The more I've pondered and researched the topic, the more it becomes clear that numerical scarcity interacts with several other drivers of value, and that each of us as collectors views those tradeoffs differently.
Either happily or sadly, we don't live in such a world where objects meeting all of these criteria abound, and it's when the factors begin to interact that things get interesting.
Take the example of the Patek Philippe Reference 3448 "Disco Volante," a clean-looking perpetual calendar watch of which 586 examples were made. The great majority of those watches were encased in yellow gold, and buying one of those at auction today would typically set you back between $80,000 and $125,000.
Unless, of course, you wanted the one previously owned by Ringo Starr, which sold at auction for $179,000 (see Ringo Starr's Patek Philippe Ref. 3448 Sells At Auction For $179,200).
Confounding factors aside, at the very top end of the market sheer numerical rarity does seem to lead to exponential price elasticity as well-heeled buyers become increasingly keen to own something that others don't.
For instance, fewer than 25 white gold Patek Philippe Reference 3448 examples exist, and those trade at considerably higher prices than the more "common" yellow gold ones. In the Geneva Christie's auction of May 16, 2016, a white gold 3448 with an unusual dial was expected to sell for between $300,000 and $500,000. The price it ended up realizing was 629,000 Swiss francs ($647,897).
And if you really want to go all out, you can wait until one of the two pink gold 3448s becomes available again; in 2011, one of those sold at Christie's for over $2.3 million.
Sometimes, sheer rarity (with a bit of age thrown in) can lead to huge escalations in value. The Patek Philippe Reference 5020, a TV-shaped 37 mm perpetual calendar, was so unloved at the time of its introduction in the 1990s that very few were made.
At least in my opinion, the passage of time has done nothing to improve its appearance; but in 2015 one of the few white gold examples sold for more than 200,000 Swiss francs.
As you might imagine, however, scarcity alone doesn't always dictate the full outcome. For instance, with Ferrari there's only one 250 SWB "Breadvan," while 39 250 GTOs exist, but the "iconic" 250 GTO is almost twice as valuable.
The looks of the Breadvan don't appeal to everyone (Gianni Agnelli once famously had his butler paint it black because he likened it to a hearse) and the driving position is so cramped that many drivers simply don't fit comfortably.
So let's say that due to a fortunate set of circumstances, good friendships, and fortuitous timing you already had the black-dialed steel Lange 1 in your collection. Why might you decide to sell?
This is where the real-world constraints of collecting come into play. I've met a few collectors who seem to have near-infinite financial resources; but as a rule collectors have to make tradeoffs no matter where we sit on the scale of pieces owned and their value.
As I've watched my good friend's collection over the past several years, there has been a clear trend in his holdings toward highly complicated and mechanically novel watches from a small number of top brands and independents. As a result, he owns a number of pieces that were made in limited numbers; but the nature of the watches themselves, not their scarcity, has been his core driver.
Several months ago, he bought an important chiming perpetual calendar watch as well as an "unobtainable" mechanically inventive watch from a leading independent, and the question became: what to sell in exchange?
The final choices came down to another rare repeating wristwatch and the steel Lange 1. After months of deep consideration he concluded that based both on the technical merits of the repeater and some personal considerations surrounding its acquisition it was the more meaningful one for him to keep.
That was his choice; what would yours be?
Numerical scarcity, perhaps even uniqueness: with three of these pieces in existence and the remaining two reportedly in the hands of long-term collectors, you can do the math. These watches were made in late 1998 or early 1999, and this is the first public resale. Ever. Once this chance passes, will there be another?
Bottom line: if you are a hard-core Lange collector, or someone who is building a carefully curated collection of the most notable and representative watches from the most respected makers, this may be that rarity: a true once-in-a-lifetime chance.
You may also like Behind The Lens: Rare Lange 1 Limited Editions.
Wonderful writeup! Very insightful and balanced as always, I will be watching this one closely to see where the hammer falls. I hope it lands in a good home.
At about this time last year, a white dial – blued hands – painted numeral Lange 1 appeared at a local shop. Serial number was 3 digits removed from a SS Lange 1 sold in 2013, and no discernible marking on the caseback indicating the metal (also no paperwork). I thought I had discovered a unicorn! After calls to friends, and to the Lange boutique, it was discovered that in fact it was a custom piece, cased in WG for a collector in the mid-90s.. not the unicorn, but the original 101.027x with an interesting story.
Who knows if there are any other extreme rarities floating around out there!
Fantastic story, Colton! It's good to keep your eye out — I suppose one can never tell when an unusual or even unique piece will find its way to you.
Of course there are some interesting unique pieces out there, although I suppose some folks might characterize one or two as "Frankens." For instance, there's the reportedly unique Datograph with Pisa-style dial but different colored hands than the "standard" Pisas, of which only 10 were made in the first place!
Thanks for your note and happy hunting!


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