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Arrest in 2016 death of man in New Orleans to plan wedding
FILE - New Orleans District Attorney Jason Williams talks with the media, Feb. 26, 2021 in New Orleans. A suspect has been identified and charged in the 2016 shooting death of a St. Louis man visiting New Orleans to plan his wedding. District Attorney Jason Williams announced the arrest Thursday, Dec. 16, 2021 of 44-year-old Ernest Weatherspoon in the death of Thomas Rolfes. (David Grunfeld/The New Orleans Advocate via AP, file)
By KEVIN McGILL
Dec. 16, 2021 11:14 AM PT
NEW ORLEANS —
More than five years after a St. Louis man visiting New Orleans to plan his wedding was shot and left to die in an armed robbery, a suspect has been arrested and charged, authorities announced Thursday.
Ernest Weatherspoon, 44, was detained in Jefferson Parish on Thursday morning, a day after he was indicted by a New Orleans grand jury, said District Attorney Jason Williams. He has been charged with the second-degree murder and armed robbery of Thomas Rolfes, 25.
Williams credited his staff, police and victim advocates with continuing to pursue the cold case until evidence led to charges and an arrest. "Because they never gave up in trying to find the killer of young Thomas, new evidence was unearthed," Williams said at a news conference. He didn't elaborate on what the evidence was but said it was the result of "community members" coming forward with information.
"I spoke to Thomas' parents last night. And I just got off the phone with his then-fiancée," Williams said. "They were all very emotional to finally get this measure of closure. This has not been easy on this family. It's not easy on any family."
Rolfes was a Tulane University graduate who had come back to the city on a Mother's Day weekend to meet with his fiancée and scout wedding venues.
He was found shot to death at an intersection after leaving a bar.
Rolfes' body was found early on the morning of May 7, 2016. Surveillance video showed Rolfes entering a convenience store alone around 3:30 a.m., buying two bottles of water and then leaving. He earlier had been with friends at a bar nearly 2 miles (3 kilometers) away.
Williams, who ran for district attorney as a reformer last year, said solving the cold case was aided by his decision to change the office's priorities: focusing on violent crime and "not wasting our precious womanpower and manpower going after every marijuana joint in the city, going after every simple possession of cocaine case."
There was no record of Weatherspoon having made an initial court appearance as of Thursday morning. Jefferson Parish records show he was jailed there without bond, charged as a fugitive.
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The Newest LEGO Ideas Kit Will Take You to the International Space Station
Josh Hendrickson is the Editor in Chief of Review Geek and is responsible for the site's content direction. He has worked in IT for nearly a decade, including four years spent repairing and servicing computers for Microsoft. He's also a smart home enthusiast who built his own smart mirror with just a frame, some electronics, a Raspberry Pi, and open-source code. Read more...
@canterrain
Jan 21, 2020, 11:23 am EST | 1 min read
LEGO occasionally crowdsources its ideas through the appropriately named LEGO Ideas platform. There, Adult Fans of Lego (AFOL) can submit proposals for future sets, and the program has led to gems like the Doctor Who set, the Flintstones kit, and even a ship in a bottle. Now the latest $80 LEGO Ideas inspired set is ready to take us to space—specifically to the International Space Station (ISS).
Most of us probably wanted to be an astronaut for at least a few seconds when we were kids. But few get the privilege to go to space. That's OK though, thanks to LEGO, you can live out the fantasy. The LEGO International Space Station features 864 pieces, a Space Shuttle, three mini cargo spacecraft, and two astronaut microfigures (which are like traditional minifigures, but smaller).
In its usual fashion, LEGO went for a high level of detail, so the ISS will also incorporate a posable robotic arm, eight adjustable solar arrays, and a docking station that works with the shuttle and cargo ships. The set includes a base meant to display the ISS when you're finished building. It's a more challenging build than the average LEGO set, and that shows in its 16+ age rating.
LEGO says you can purchase the Internation Space Station starting February 1st. If you can't wait to get to LEGO space, you could jump on the Lunar Lander, the Apollo Saturn V rocket, or Women of NASA sets now.
Source: LEGO Ideas via TechCrunch
› Chronicle Books Will Assemble LEGO Books, Puzzles, and Stationary for Adults
› LEGO's Fender Stratocaster Guitar Set is Your Stairway to Heaven
› What's the Deal With This Seinfeld LEGO Set?
Josh Hendrickson is the Editor in Chief of Review Geek and is responsible for the site's content direction. He has worked in IT for nearly a decade, including four years spent repairing and servicing computers for Microsoft. He's also a smart home enthusiast who built his own smart mirror with just a frame, some electronics, a Raspberry Pi, and open-source code. Read Full Bio »
This Electric Flying Boat Will Be Made In The U.S.
Brushed Versus Brushless Motors: Which Tools Should You Buy
Danny Chadwick | January 17th

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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a. XXX, 1970, 4
Arthur H. Cole, The Committee on Research in Economic History: An Historical Sketch, p. 723
Frank J. Coppa, The Italian Tariff and the Conflict Between Agriculture and Industry: The Commercial Policy of Liberal Italy, 1860-1922, p. 742
Roger W. Weiss, The Issue of Paper Money in the American Colonies, 1720-1774, p. 770
Jay R. Mandle, Population and Economic Change: The Emergence of the Rice Industry in Guyana, 1895-1915, p. 785
Richard C. Edwards, Economic Sophistication in Nineteenth Century Congressional Tariff Debates, p. 802
Stanley Lebergott, Migration in the U. S., 1800-1960: Some New Estimates, p. 839
Dean A. Dudley, Bank Born of Revelation: The Kirtland Safety Society Anti-Banking Company, p. 848
Terence R. Gourvish, A Note on Bread Prices in London and Glasgow, 1788-1815, p. 854
Robert Evans Jr., Some Notes on Coerced Labor, p. 861
Editor's Notes, p. 867
Donald R. Adams Jr., Some Evidence on English and American Wage Rates, 1790-1830, p. 499
Paul A. David, Learning by Doing and Tariff Protection: A Reconsideration of the Case of the Ante-Bellum United States Cotton Textile Industry, p. 521
Lloyd J. Mercer, Rates of Return for Land-Grant Railroads: The Central Pacific System, p. 602
Lynn Muchmore, The Banking Crisis of 1933: Some Iowa Evidence, p. 627
Fritz Redlich, Arthur Spiethoff on Economic Styles, p. 640
Lars G. Sandberg, Monetary Policy and Politics in Mid-Eighteenth-Century Sweden: A Comment, p. 653
Robert a. Eagly, Monetary Policy and Politics in Mid-Eighteenth-Century Sweden: A Reply, p. 655
Albert W. Niemi Jr., The Development of Industrial Structure in Southern New England, p. 657
Carter Goodrich, Internal Improvements Reconsidered, p. 289
Paul J. Uselding, Henry Burden and the Question of Anglo-American Technological Transfer in the Nineteenth Century, p. 312
Albert Feuerwerker, Handicraft and Manufactured Cotton Textiles in China, 1871-1910, p. 338
Albert A. Blum, J. Douglas Smyth, Who Should Serve: Pre-World War II Planning for Selective Service, p. 379
Craufurd D. Goodwin, British Economists and Australian Gold, p. 405
Robert E. Ankli, Canadian-American Reciprocity: A Comment, p. 427
Lawrence H. Officer, Lawrence B. Smith, Canadian-American Reciprocity: A Reply, p. 432
Gary M. Walton, Productivity Change in Ocean Shipping After 1870: A Comment, p. 435
Theodore Morgan, The Decline of Rural Industry Under Export and Economic Forms in Pre-Colonial Ghana: Comments, p. 442
THE TASKS OF ECONOMIC HISTORY
Published in Memory of Edwin F. Gay
THE ORGANIZATIONAL FORMS OF ECONOMIC LIFE AND THEIR EVOLUTION
Papers Presented at the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Economic History
Edited by William Parker
Introductory Note, p. 1
Shepard B. Clough, A Half-Century in Economic History: Autobiographical Reflections, p. 4
Evsey D. Domar, The Causes of Slavery or Serfdom: A Hypothesis, p. 18
Stephen H. Hymer, Economic Forms in Pre-Colonial Ghana, p. 33
Stephen A. Resnick, The Decline of Rural Industry Under Export Expansion: A Comparison among Burma, Philippines, and Thailand, 1870-1938, p. 51
R. Stephen Warner, The Role of Religious Ideas and the Use of Models in Max Weber's Comparative Studies of Non-Capitalist Societies, p. 74
Joyce F. Riegelhaupt, Shepard Forman, Bodo Was Never Brazilian: Economic Integration and Rural Development among a Contemporary Peasantry, p. 100
Abraham Rotstein, Karl Polanyi's Concept of Non-Market Trade, p. 117
Matthew Edel, Discussion, p. 127
Lance Davis, Douglass North, Institutional Change and American Economic Growth: A First Step Towards a Theory of Institutional Innovation, p. 131
W. W. Rostow, The Past Quarter-Century as Economic History and the Tasks of International Economic Organization, p. 150
David Felix, Discussion, p. 188
Alfred D. Chandler Jr., Louis Galambos, The Development of Large-Scale Economic Organizations in Modem America, p. 201
Harry Magdoff, Discussion, p. 218
Everett E. Hagen, The Internal Functioning of Capitalist Organizations, p. 222
Thomas C. Cochran, Discussion, p. 237
Summaries of Doctoral Dissertations by: Reinhold C. Mueller, John J. McCusker, John D. Post, Terry Mark Aldrich, Louis Cain, Charles K Harley, Thorvald Moe, Warren Sanderson, Richard D. Wolff, Thomas Rider, p. 240
Harold F. Williamson, J. R. T. Hughes, Discussion, 282
a. XXIX, 1969, 4
Allen C. Kelley, Demographic Cycles and Economic Growth: The Long Swing Reconsidered, p. 663
Richard Sylla, Federal Policy, Banking Market Structure, and Capital Mobilization in the United States, 1863-1913, p. 657
Thomas C. Smith, Farm Family By-employments in Preindustrial Japan, p. 687
Donald B. Keesing, Structural Change Early in Development: Mexico's Changing Industrial and Occupational Structure from 1895 to 1950, p. 716
Robert a. Eagly, Monetary Policy and Politics in Mid-Eighteenth-Century Sweden, p. 739
Warren F. Kimball, "Beggar My Neighbor ": America and the British Interim Finance Crisis, 1940-1941, p. 758
Book Notes, p. 824
David J. Loschky, Donald F. Krier, Income and Family Size in Three Eighteenth-century Lancashire Parishes: A Reconstitution Study, p. 429
Steven L. Barsby, Economic Backwardness and the Characteristics of Development, p. 449
Nathaniel H. Leff, Long-term Brazilian Economic Development, p. 473
Harold C. Livesay, Patrick G. Porter, Vertical Integration in American Manufacturing, 1899-1948, p. 494
Gerald Gunderson, Issues in the Measurement of Efficiency of American Dairy Farming, 1850-1910: A Comment, p. 501
Fred Bateman, Issues in the Measurement of Efficiency of American Dairy Farming, 1850-1910: A Reply, p. 506
Jan Warren Duggar, Ronald F. Rost, National Bank Note Redemption and Treasury Cash, p. 512
Barry W. Poulson, Estimates of the Value of Manufacturing Output in the Early Nineteenth Century, p. 521
R. Burr Litchfield, Demographic Characteristics of Florentine Patrician Families, Sixteenth to Nineteenth Centuries, p. 191
Fred Bateman, Labor Inputs and Productivity in American Dairy Agriculture, 1850-1910, p. 206
James F. Shepherd, Gary M. Walton, Estimates of "Invisible "Earnings in the Balance of Payments of the British North American Colonies, 1768-1772, p. 230
Herbert Heaton, Thomas Southcliffe Ashton, 1889-1968: A Memoir, p. 264
David Klingaman, The Significance of Grain in the Development of the Tobacco Colonies, p. 268
Lee C. Soltow, Evidence on Income Inequality in the United States, 1866-1965, p. 279
Martin L. Primack, Farm Fencing in the Nineteenth Century, p. 287
James Stephen Taylor, The Mythology of the Old Poor Law, p. 292
Richard Tilly, Soll und Haben: Recent German Economic History and the Problem of Economic Development, p. 298
CAPITALISM AND THE EXTENT OF ITS EARLY DEVELOPMENT OUTSIDE EUROPE
Selection from Papers Presented at the Fourth Congress of the International Economic History Association
Edited by Frederic C. Lane
Frederic C. Lane, Meanings of Capitalism, p. 5
Jean-Francois Bergier, Arthur H. Cole, Sigismund P. Pach, Comments, p. 5
Richard M. Hartwell, Economic Growth in England Before the Industrial Revolution: Some Methodological Issues, p. 13
Irfan Habib, Potentialities of Capitalistic Development in the Economy of Mughal India, p. 32
Subhi Y. Labib, Capitalism in Medieval Islam, p. 79
Halil Inalcik, Capital Formation in the Ottoman Empire, p. 97
Yasukazu Takenaka, Endogenous Formation and Development of Capitalism in Japan, p. 141
Summaries of Doctoral Dissertations by: Gabriel Tortella, Lewis C. Solmon, Donald McCloskey, Stefano Fenoaltea, Richard Roehl, p. 163
Lance Davis, Discussion, p. 183
a. XXVIII, 1968, 4
Armand O. Citarella, Patterns in Medieval Trade: The Commerce of Amalfi Before the Crusades, p. 531
Arthur H. Cole, Economic History in the United States: Formative Years of a Discipline, p. 556
Frederic C. Lane, Pepper Prices Before Da Gama, p. 590
Lawrence H. Officer, Lawrence B. Smith, The Canadian-American Reciprocity Treaty of 1855 to 1866, p. 598
Lars G. Sandberg, The Draper Loom in New England Textiles: A Comment, p. 624
Irwin Feller, The Draper Loom in New England Textiles: A Reply, p. 628
Thomas Weiss, United States Transport Advance and Externalities: A Comment, p. 631
Stanley Lebergott, United States Transport Advance and Externalities: A Reply, p. 635
Samuel Pao-San Ho, Agricultural Transformation Under Colonialism: The Case of Taiwan, p. 313
Louis Galambos, The Agrarian Image of the Large Corporation, 1879-1920: A Study in Social Accommodation, p. 341
Gary M. Walton, New Evidence on Colonial Commerce, p. 363
Ramon Knauerhase, The Compound Steam Engine and Productivity Changes in the German Merchant Marine Fleet, 1871-1887, p. 390
Donald R. Adams Jr., Wage Rates in the Early National Period: Philadelphia, 1785-1830, p. 404
Roger L. Ransom, British Policy and Colonial Growth: Some Implications of the Burden from the Navigation Acts, p. 427
Robert Paul Thomas, British Imperial Policy and the Economic Interpretation of the American Revolution, p. 436
Joseph J. Spengler, Right To Work: A Backward Glance, p. 171
Scott M. Eddie, Agricultural Production and Output per Worker in Hungary, 1870-1913, p. 197
R. A. Church, The Effect of the American Export Invasion on the British Boot and Shoe Industry, 1885-1914, p. 223
Fred Bateman, Improvement in American Dairy Farming, 1850-1910: A Quantitative Analysis, p. 255
Noel G. Butlin, A New Plea for the Separation of Ireland, p. 274
Lars G. Sandberg, Movements in the Quality of British Cotton Textile Exports, 1815-1913, p. 1
Thomas D. Willett, International Specie Flows and American Monetary Stability, 1834-1860, p. 28
David R. Ringrose, Transportation and Economic Stagnation in Eighteenth-Century Castile, p. 51
Nachum T. Gross, An Estimate of Industrial Product in Austria in 1841, p. 80
Peter D. McClelland, Railroads, American Growth, and the New Economic History: A Critique, p. 102
Peter Temin, Labor Scarcity and the Problem of American Industrial Efficiency in the 1850's: A Reply, p. 124
Robert William Fogel, The Specification Problem in Economic History: A Correction, p. 126
a. 1967, HANDBOOK OF THE ECONOMIC HISTORY ASSOCIATION
Published For The Economic History Association, By The Graduate School Of Business Administration Of New York University
BY-LAWS OF THE ECONOMIC HISTORY ASSOCIATION, p. 3
GEOGRAPHICAL LISTING OF MEMBERS, p. 6
BIOGRAPHICAL LISTING OF MEMBERS, p. 18
NEW MEMBERS AND ADDRESS CHANGES, p. 69
FIELDS OF SPECIALIZATION, p. 74
Economic Historians, p. 7
Economic Historians (Economists), p. 75
Economic Historians (Historians), p. 78
Economists, p. 79
Historians, p. 82
United States, p. 83
European Economic History, p. 88
Great Britain, p. 89
Canada, p. 90
France, p. 91
Italy, p. 91
Germany, p. 91
Russia, p. 91
Spain, p. 92
Scandinavia, p. 92
Latin America, p. 92
Near East, p. 92
Far East, p. 93
Africa, p. 93
Australia, p. 93
Ancient History, p. 93
Medieval and Renaissance, p. 93
Colonial Economic History, p. 94
Urban History, p. 94
Labor History, p. 95
Agricultural History, p. 95
Financial and Business History, p. 96
Transportation, p. 98
History of Economic Thought, p. 98
Immigration and Demography, p. 99
International Economics and Trade, p. 99
Government-Economic Relations, p. 99
Comparative Systems, p. 99
Technology, p. 99
Sociology & Humanities, p. 100
Geography, p. 100
Finance, Management, Marketing, Political Science, Statistics, p. 100
MEMBERSHIP BY ACADEMIC AFFILIATION, p. 101
NUMBER OF LAST DEGREES GRANTED BY INSTITUTIONS, p. 105
a. XXVII, 1967, 4
OBSTACLES TO ECONOMIC GROWTH
Papers Presented at the Twenty-Seventh Annual Meeting of the Economic History Association
Alexander Gerschenkron, President's Address: The Discipline and I, p. 443
Arcadius Kahan, Government Policies and the Industrialization of Russia, p. 460
Dwight H. Perkins, Government as an Obstacle to Industrialization: The Case of Nineteenth-Century China, p. 478
Herman Freudenberger, State Intervention as an Obstacle to Economic Growth in the Habsburg Monarchy, p. 493
Henry W. Broude, Discussion, p. 510
Kozo Yamamura, Discussion, p. 512
Hugh G. J. Aitken, Discussion, p. 515
Alfred H. Conrad, Douglas Dowd, Stanley Engerman, Eli Ginzberg, Charles Kelso, John R. Meyer, Harry Scheiber, Richard Sutch, Slavery as an Obstacle to Economic Growth in the United States: A Panel Discussion, p. 518
Sigmund Diamond, Values as an Obstacle to Economic Growth: The American Colonies, p. 561
M. M. Postan, Investment in Medieval Agriculture, p. 576
Morris David Morris, Values as an Obstacle to Economic Growth in South Asia: An Historical Survey, p. 588
Summaries of Doctoral Dissertations by:Donald R. Adams Jr., James D. Foust, Ramon Knauerhase, Barbara Lewis Solow, Richard Sylla, Thomas Weiss, p. 608
Dudley Dillard, Discussion, p. 629
Robert William Fogel, The Specification Problem in Economic History, p. 283
George Rogers Taylor, American Urban Growth Preceding the Railway Age, p. 309
Hermann Kellenbenz, The Impact of Growth on Government: The Exam pie of Spain, p. 340
Jon S. Cohen, Financing Industrialization in Italy, 1894-1914: The Partial Transformation of a Late-Comer, p. 363
Ian M. Drummond, Labor Scarcity and the Problem of American Industrial Efficiency in the 1850's: A Comment, p. 383
Richard Tilly, Public Finance and the Industrialization of Prussia, 1815-1866: A Correction, p. 391
Gary M. Walton, Colonial Tonnage Measurements: A Comment, p. 392
Paul A. David, The Growth of Real Product in the United States Before 1840: New Evidence, Controlled Conjectures, p. 151
Kozo Yamamura, The Role of the Samurai in the Development of Modem Banking in Japan, p. 198
Nathan Rosenberg, Anglo-American Wage Differences in the 1820's, p. 221
Robert W. Harbeson, Railroads and Regulation, 1877-1916: Conspiracy or Public Interest?, p. 230
John H. Lorant, Technological Change in American Manufacturing During the 1920's, p. 243
Harold G. Vatter, Has Theme Been a Twentieth-Century Consumer Durables Revolution?, p. 1
Maurice Wilkinson, Evidences of Long Swings in the Growth of Swedish Population and Related Economic Variables, 1860-1965, p. 17
Rudolph C. Blitz, Mercantilist Policies and the Pattern of World Trade, 1500-1750, p. 39
John K. Chang, Industrial Development of Mainland China, 1912-1949, p. 56
John J. McCusker, Colonial Tonnage Measurement: Five Philadelphia Merchant Ships as a Sample, p. 82
J. R. T. Hughes, Bank of England Reserve Policy, p. 92
Editor's Notes, p. 94
Reviews of Books, p. 95
a. XXVI, 1966, 4
INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN GOVERNMENT ACTIVITIES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
Papers Presented at the Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the Economic History Association
Harold F. Williamson, President's Address: Business History and Economic History, p. 407
Albert Fishlow, Levels of Nineteenth-Century American Investment in Education, p. 418
Stanley Lebergott, United States Transport Advance and Externalities, p. 437
Harry Scheiber, Discussion, p. 462
Martin Wolfe, French Views on Wealth and Taxes from the Middle Ages to the Old Regime, p. 466
Richard Tilly, The Political Economy of Public Finance and the Industrialization of Prussia, 1815-1866, p. 484
T. K. Shoyama, Public Services and Regional Development in Canada, p. 498
Lance E. Davis, John Legler, The Government in the American Economy, 1815-1902: A Quantitative Study, p. 514
Duncan McDougall, Discussion, p. 553
Gaston a. Rimlinger, Welfare Policy and Economic Development: A Comparative Historical Perspective, p. 556
Gordon C. Bjork, Discussion, p. 572
Summaries of Doctoral Dissertations by: Jon S. Cohen, George D. Green, John P. McKay, R. Marvin McInnis, Robert F. Neill, William D. Walsh, Gary M. Walton, p. 577
William Parker, Discussion, p. 599
Peter Temin, Labor Scarcity and the Problem of American Industrial Efficiency in the 1850's, p. 277
R. H. Green, S. H. Hymer, Cocoa in the Gold Coast: A Study in the Relations between African Farmers and Agricultural Experts, p. 299
Irwin Feller, The Draper Loom in New England Textiles, 1894-1914: A Study of Diffusion of an Innovation, p. 320
Martin L. Primack, Farm Capital Formation as a Use of Farm Labor in the United States, 1850-1910, p. 348
Vincent Ponko Jr., Economic Management in a Free-Trade Empire: The Work of the Crown Agents for the Colonies in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries, p. 363
Robert F. Severson Jr., James E. Niss, Richard D. Winkelman, Mortgage Borrowing as a Frontier Developed, p. 147
John Joseph Murphy, Entrepreneurship in the Establishment of the American Clock Industry, p. 169
Peter Temin, Steam and Waterpower in the Early Nineteenth Century, p. 187
Paul B. Trescott, Federal Government Receipts and Expenditures, 1861-1875, p. 206
Elmus R. Wicker, A Reconsideration of Federal Reserve Policy during the 1920-1921 Depression, p. 223
Colin Forster, Perspective on Recent Japanese Economic Growth, p. 239
Robert P. Swierenga, Land Speculator "Profits "Reconsidered: Central Iowa as a Test Case, p. 1
Robert Hartwell, Markets, Technology, and the Structure of Enterprise in the Development of the Eleventh-Century Chinese Iron and Steel Industry, p. 29
Arlon Tussing, The Labor Force in Meiji Economic Growth: A Quantitative Study of Yamanashi Prefecture, p. 59
M. a. Flinn, Agricultural Productivity and Economic Growth in England, 1700-1760: A Comment, p. 93
William Parker, Old Wine in New Bottles: A Review of the Cambridge Economic History, Volume VI, p. 99
Marc Nerlove, Railroads and American Economic Growth, p. 107
a. XXV, 1965, 4
THE TASKS OF AMERICAN HISTORY
ORIGINS OF MODERN ECONOMIC LIFE: COMPARATIVE ILLUSTRATIONS
Papers Presented at the Twenty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the Economic History Association
Herbert Heaton, Twenty-Five Years of the Economic History Association: A Reflective Evaluation, p. 465
Fritz Redlich, "New "and Traditional Approaches to Economic History and Their Interdependence, p. 480
Edward Ames, The Sterling Crisis of 1337-1339, p. 496
Herbert J. Ellison, Economic Modernization in Imperial Russia: Purposes and Achievements, p. 523
Mataji Miyamoto, Yotaro Sakudo, Yasukichi Yasuba, Economic Development in Preindustrial Japan, 1859-1894, p. 541
Carter Goodrich, Discussion, p. 565
George Dalton, History, Politics, and Economic Development in Liberia, p. 569
Jeffrey G. Williamson, Antebellum Urbanization in the American Northeast, p. 592
Ralph E. Beals, Discussion, p. 609
Eric E. Lampard, Discussion, p. 612
Robert Paul Thomas, A Quantitative Approach to the Study of the Effects of British Imperial Policy upon Colonial Welfare: Some Preliminary Findings, p. 615
Aubrey C. Land, Economic Base and Social Structure: The Northern Chesapeake in the Eighteenth Century, p. 639
Jacob M. Price, Discussion, p. 655
Arthur Schweitzer, Economic Systems and Economic History, p. 660
Summaries of Doctoral Dissertations by: Robert Brooke Zevin, David Mishkin, p. D. McClelland, James Shepherd, John A. Tomaske, Carlos Manuel Pelaez, Heywood Fleisig, p. 680
Allen C. Kelley, International Migration and Economic Growth, Australia: 1865-1935, p. 333
Lance E. Davis, The Investment Market, 1870-1914: The Evolution of a National Market, p. 355
J. Van Fenstermaker, The Statistics of American Commercial Banking, 1782-1818, p. 400
Richard H. Timberlake Jr., The Specie Circular and Sales of Public Lands: A Comment, p. 414
Forest G. Hill, Recent Membership Trends of the Economic History Association, p. 417
Editors' Note, p. 418
Hugh T. Patrick, External Equilibrium and Internal Convertibility: Financial Policy in Meiji Japan, p. 187
H. M. Gitelman, The Labor Force at Waltham Watch during the Civil War Era, p. 214
Wong Lin Ken, The Economic History of Malaysia: A Bibliographic Essay, p. 244
Karel Denis Bicha, The Plains Farmer and the Prairie Province Frontier, 1897-1914, p. 263
Henry Rosovsky, The Take-off into Sustained Controversy, p. 271
E. L. Jones, Agriculture and Economic Growth in England, 1660-1750: Agricultural Change, p. 1
A. H. John, Agricultural Productivity and Economic Growth in England, 1700-1760, p. 19
Dauril Alden, The Growth and Decline of Indigo Production in Colonial Brazil: A Study in Comparative Economic History, p. 35
Arcadius Kahan, Continuity in Economic Activity and Policy during the Post-Petrine Period in Russia, p. 61
Harry Scheiber, State Policy and the Public Domain: The Ohio Canal Lands, p. 86
Martin L. Primack, Farm Construction as a Use of Farm Labor in the United States, 1850-1910, p. 114
a. XXIV, 1964, 4
THE INFLUENCE OF CHANGES IN THE SIZE AND STRUCTURE OF MARKETS ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Papers Presented at the Twenty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the Economic History Association
George Rogers Taylor, American Economic Growth before 1840: An Exploratory Essay, p. 427
Robert S. Lopez, Market Expansion: The Case of Genoa, p. 445
Frederic C. Lane, Discussion, p. 465
Harry A. Miskimin, Monetary Movements and Market Structure: Forces for Contraction in Fourteenth- and Fifteenth-Century England, p. 470
Ronald D. Ware, Discussion, p. 491
THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
Jacob M. Price, The Economic Growth of the Chesapeake and the European Market, 1697-1775, p. 496
Mancur Olson Jr., Discussion, p. 512
Herbert Kisch, Growth Deterrents of a Medieval Heritage: The Aachen-area Woolen Trades before 1790, p. 517
Klaus H. Wolff, Discussion, p. 538
THE AGE OF REVOLUTION
Gordon C. Bjork, The Weaning of the American Economy: Independence, Market Changes, and Economic Development, p. 541
Albert Fishlow, Discussion, p. 561
Francois Crouzet, Wars, Blockade, and Economic Change in Europe, 1792-1815, p. 567
Richard Tilly, Discussion, p. 589
INTO THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
Matthew Simon, David E. Novack, Some Dimensions of the American Commercial Invasion of Europe, 1871 -1914: An Introductory Essay, p. 591
Morton Rothstein, Discussion, p. 606
Richard Cooper, Growth and Trade: Some Hypotheses about Long-term Trends, p. 609
Jeffrey Williamson, Discussion, p. 629
Sidney Pollard, Fixed Capital in the Industrial Revolution in Britain, p. 299
E. E. Mitchell, The Coming of the Railway and United Kingdom Economic Growth, p. 315
J. Clayburn La Force, Spanish Royal Textile Factories, 1700-1800, p. 337
Robert Clower, Monetary History and Positive Economics, p. 364
Arthur H. Cole, Ruth Crandall, International Scientific Committee on Price History, p. 381
E. A. J. Johnson, The Place of Learning, Science, Vocational Training, and "Art "in Pre-Smithian Economic Thought, p. 129
Dorothy Brady, Relative Prices in the Nineteenth Century, p. 145
György Ránki, Problems of the Development of Hungarian Industry, p. 204
Mark Blaug, The Poor Law Report Reexamined, p. 229
J. C. Russell, A Quantitative Approach to Medieval Population Change, p. 1
Paul W. Gates, Charts of Public Land Sales and Entries, p. 22
Richard H. Timberlake Jr., Ideological Factors in Specie Resumption and Treasury Policy, p. 29
Alexander Gerschenkron, "Lord and Peasant in Russia from the Ninth to the Nineteenth Century ", p. 53
J. R. T. Hughes, Measuring British Economic Growth, p. 60
Editors' Note, p. 83
a. XXIII, 1963, 4
(The papers contained in this issue were delivered at the annual meeting of the Economic History Association in Washington D. C., September 5 and 6, 1963. Those marked with an asterisk (*) were delivered at the joint meeting of the Economic History Association and the Conference on Research in Income and Wealth of the National Bureau of Economic Research. Three other papers given at the joint morning session will be published in the volume of Conference papers in the Series, Studies in Income and Wealth. These were by Albert Fishlow, on railroads, and by Duncan McDougall and Ross M. Robertson, on machine tools)
BANQUET ADDRESS
Wolfgang F. Stolper, Economic Development in Nigeria, p. 391
ASPECTS OF AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
Nathan Rosenberg, Technological Change in the Machine Tool Industry, 1840-1910, p. 414 (*)
Paul Strassmann, Discussion, p. 444
Peter Temin, The Composition of Iron and Steel Products, 1869-1909, p. 447 (*)
Eugene Smolensky, Discussion, p. 472
Paul H. Cootner, The Role of the Railroads in United States Economic Growth, p. 477
Matthew Simon, Harry Scheiber, Discussion, p. 522
RAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH AS A DESTABILIZING FORCE
Mancur Olson Jr., Rapid Economic Growth as a Destabilizing Force, p. 529
ISSUES IN THE ECONOMIC HISTORY OF LATIN AMERICA
Robert J. Alexander, Nature and Progress of Agrarian Reform in Latin America, p. 559
Robert Freeman Smith, The Formation and Development of the International Bankers Committee on Mexico, p. 574
R. Carlyle Beyer, Discussion, p. 587
PROBLEMS IN THE ECONOMIC HISTORY OF ASIA (PANEL DISCUSSION)
Chi-Ming Hou, Some Reflections on the Economic History of Modern China (1840-1949), p. 595
Morris D. Morris, Towards a Reinterpretation of Nineteenth-Century Indian Economic History, p. 606
E. S. Crawcour, Problems of Japanese Economic History, p. 619
Chi-Ming Hou, Economic Dualism: The Case of China, 1840-1937, p. 277
Walter B. Smith, Wage Rates on the Erie Canal, 1828-1881, p. 298
REVIEWS ARTICLE
Frederic C. Lane, Recent Studies on the Economic History of Venice, p. 312
Hugh G. J. Aitken, The Association's Membership: Growth and Distribution, p. 335
Mark Blaug, The Myth of the Old Poor Law and the Making of the New, p. 151
Robert E. Gallman, A Note on the Patent Office Crop Estimates, 1841-1848, p. 185
Harry Scheiber, The Pet Banks in Jacksonian Politics and Finance, 1833-1841, p. 196
Frederic C. Lane, The Cambridge Economic History: The Medieval Period, p. 215
David S. Landes, A Chapter in the Financial Revolution of the Nineteenth Century: The Rise of French Deposit Banking, p. 224
Allan G. Bogue, Farming in the Prairie Peninsula, 1830-1890, p. 3
Karl Polanyi, Paris of Trade in Early Societies, p. 30
George a. Taylor, Some Business Partnerships at Lyon, 1785-1793, p. 46
Marjorie Boyer, Travel Allowances in Fourteenth-Century France, p. 71
Editors' Notes, p. 86
a. XXII, 1962, 4
(The papers contained in this issue were delivered at the annual meeting of the Economic History Association in Washington, D. C., September 7-8, 1962)
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS
E. A. J. Johnson, Federalism, Pluralism, and Public Policy, p. 427
LAND POLICY AFTER THE HOMESTEAD ACT
Theodore Saloutos, Land Policy and its Relation to Agricultural Production and Distribution, 1862 to 1933, p. 445
Folke Dovring, European Reactions to the Homestead Act, p. 461
Paul W. Gates, Morton Rothstein, John T. Schlebecker, Discussion, p. 473
FARM CAPITAL FORMATION AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Martin L. Primack, Land Clearing under Nineteenth-Century Techniques, p. 484
Howard R. Lamar, Land Policy in the Spanish Southwest, 1846-1891: A Study in Contrasts, p. 498
Robert E. Gallman, Harold H. Dunham, Discussion, p. 516
Mary Jean Bowman, The Land-Grant Colleges and Universities in Human Resource Development, p. 523
Harold R. W. Benjamin, Agricultural Education in Different Stages of National Development, p. 547
Roy a. Scott, Helen A. Miller, Discussion, p. 555
TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE
Irwin Feller, Inventive Activity in Agriculture, 1837-1890, p. 560
Wayne D. Rasmussen, The Impact of Technological Change on American Agriculture, 1862-1962, p. 578
Clarence H. Danhof, H. C. Knoblauch, Discussion, p. 592
J. D. Gould, Agricultural Fluctuations and the English Economy in the Eighteenth Century, p. 313
David E. Novack, Richard Perlman, The Structure of Wages in the American Iron and Steel Industry, 1860-1890, p. 334
Ruth Pike, The Genoese in Seville and the Opening of the New World, p. 348
Judith G. Thornton, The Index Number Problem in the Measurement of Soviet National Income, p. 379
Book Reviews, p. 391
Robert W. Fogel, A Quantitative Approach to the Study of Railroads in American Economic Growth: A Report of Some Preliminary Findings, p. 163
H. J. Habakkuk, Fluctuations in House-Building in Britain and the United States in the Nineteenth Century, p. 198
Warren C. Scoville, The French Economy in 1700-1701: An Appraisal by the Deputies of Trade, p. 231
Robert S. Smith, Seville and the Atlantic: Cycles in Spanish Colonial Trade, p. 253
Schmookler, Economic Sources of Inventive Activity, p. 1
Williamson, The Long Swing: Comparisons and Interactions Between British and American Balance of Payments, 1820-1913, p. 21
Miller, Components of Labor Force Growth, p. 47
Lambi, The Protectionist Interests of the German Iron and Steel Industry, 1873-1879, p. 59
Fishlow, Trends in the American Economy in the Nineteenth Century, p. 71
Reviews of Book (are listed on the inside front and back cover)
a. XXI, 1961, 4
COLONIALISM AND COLONIZATION IN WORLD HISTORY
COLONIZATION AND EXPANSION IN HISTORY
Mary E. White, Greek Colonization, p. 443
George Masselman, Dutch Colonial Policy in the Seventeenth Century, p. 455
C. M. Foust, Russian Expansion to the East Through the Eighteenth Century, p. 469
Herbert Lüthy, Colonization and the Making of Mankind, p. 483
ASPECTS OF MODERN IMPERIALISM
David S. Landes, Some Thoughts on the Nature of Economic Imperialism, p. 496
Bernard Semmel, The Philosophic Radicals and Colonialism, p. 513
Jeannette P. Nichols, The United States Congress and Imperialism, 1861-1897, p. 526
Richard B. Sheridan, The West India Sugar Crisis and British Slave Emancipation, 1830-1833, p. 539
ECONOMICS OF COLONIZATION
John H. Dalton, Colony and Metropolis: Some Aspects of British Rule in Gold Coast and Their Implications for an Understanding of Ghana Today, p. 552
Harvey H. Segal, British Foreign Capital Issues, 1865-1894, p. 566
Richard J. Hammond, Economic Imperialism: Sidelights on a Stereotype, p. 582
Folke Dovring, The Opportunity to Multiply: Demographic Aspects of Modem Colonialism, p. 601
Bernard S. Cohn, From Indian Status to British Contract "Colonial Psychology "and Race, p. 613
George G. S. Murphy, On Satelliteship, p. 641
Eckaus, The North-South Differential in Italian Economic Development, p. 285
Timberlake, The Specie Standard and Central Banking in the United States Before 1860, p. 318
Crawcour, The Development of a Credit System in Seventeenth-Century Japan, p. 342
REVIEW ARTICLE AND NOTES
Urquhart, Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1957, p. 361
Meier, The Work of the Hamburg Research Center in the Entrepreneurial History, p. 364
Williamson, International Trade and United States Economic Development: 1827-1843, p. 372
Macesich, International Trade and United States Economic Development Revisited, p. 384
Dowd, The Economic Expansion of Lombardy, 1300-1500: A Study in Political Stimuli to Economic Change, p. 143
Barker, French Entrepreneurship During the Restoration: The Record of a Single Firm, the Anzin Mining Company, p. 161
Morris, Stein, The Economic History of India: A Bibliographic Essay, p. 179
Rimlinger, The Expansion of the Labor Market in Capitalist Russia: 1861-1917, p. 208
Vatter, Industrial Borrowing by the New England Textile Mills, 1840-1860. A Comment, p. 216
Davis, Mrs. Vatter on Industrial Borrowing. A Reply, p. 222
Issawi, Egypt Since 1800: A Study in Lopsided Development, p. 1
Fishlow, The Trustee Savings Banks, 1817-1861, p. 27
Feuerwerker, Materials for the Study of the Economic History of Modem China, p. 41
Von Laue, Russian Peasants in the Factory 1892-1904, p. 61
Murphy, Zellner, Rejoinder to Professor Bolino's Note, p. 81


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Variation in color markings in the several varieties of Oriental Frills.
GENERAL.: Color markings in Satinettes and Blondinettes are identical except for the color white. In Satinettes the head, neck and breast, body under parts, muffs and the primary flights 10x10, not less than 5, must be white. The beak is pale flesh color, and the eye very dark brown. The wing coverts (including lesser, median and greater coverts. tertials, scapulars, and secondary wing flights) and tail feathers of the Satinette are identical to those of the Blondinette of the same color. The Blondinette, lacking the designated white areas of the Satinette, is essentially the same color throughout.
Ground color of the laced or spot feathers of both Satinettes and Blondinettes should be as clear white as possible except in the case of sulphur varieties described below. The laced feathers have quills of the basic color of the bird. Lacing or edging, whether heavy, medium or fine, penciled, arrow pointed or ticked, must be distinct, even regular and well defined.
Each feather of the wings and tail (from a line across the rump), except those of the prescribed white arcs, should be edged in black-coal black.
Each colored feather of the wings should be edged in the grey-black or blue-black color of a normal checkered pigeon. This edging must be even whether penciled, arrow pointed, or ticked, preference to be given in the order named. Tail, dark blue, having a black band at lower extremity. On this band, or replacing it evenly in each feather, should be a clear round white spot," moon", or bar, clearly defined and limited to the band area.
Same as blue, except that wing feather edging is the soft silvery gray or gray-black of a normal silver checkered pigeon. Tail, gray or light grayish blue with a dark gray or gray-black bar, marked as in blue, above. (True dun is permissible in lacing or tail bars if tail is distinctly gray or gray blue. No birds with reddish or brown lacing, or with fawn, tan or brown color in tails is permitted-such birds to be placed in class provided for them by the judge.
Each colored feather of the wings should be a clear solid blue, of the normal blue-gray pigeon color, with two clear cut white bars, edged at lower extremity with black. Tail marked as in blue laced Satinette.
Same as blue bar except colored wing feathers should be clear soft silver gray-silver of the normal silver bar pigeon. Bars as in the Bluette above but edged with dark gray or gray-black. True dun permissible in bars and tail markings providing tail is distinctly gray or gray-blue. Fawn, brown-silver or brownish casts in wings or tail, or chocolate brown bars should result in exclusion by the judge and placing in class provided for browns.
Same as black-laced Satinette except edging of wing and tail feathers should be a clear brown-chocolate brown preferred.
Same as brown laced, above, except edging of feathers should be a clear pale brown (light tan or khaki). (Since these are sometimes difficult to differentiate from brown laced above, they may be shown in the same or separate classes, according to decision of the judge.
Same as blue laced Satinette except that edging of wing feathers shall be true brown (chocolate brown preferred), and tail feathers definitely brown. Reddish brown in wing lacing may be permitted and brownish gray or fawn may be permitted in tail only if in the opinion of the judge the majority of the class is generally of the same coloring.
Same as brown laced except feather edging on wings should be a very light grayish-brown-as close to khaki color as possible. Tails should be light gray-brown also, with dark buff or light brownish bars on which the spots appear. Generally this bird has a yellowish-khaki cast.
Same as Bluette, feathers of wings being brown, preferably a clear light creamy brown, with white bars which, if edged, preferably are chocolate brown. Tail as in brunette.
Same as preceding, except wing feather coloring is a clear pale egg-shell brown or light khaki with a yellowish cast, bars, if edged, preferably dark khaki or brown. Tail as in khaki laced Satinette.
Same as red laced except edging of feathers a clear deep yellow.
Same as blue laced except for clear brick red edging of wing feathers. and clear red tail feathers with white bar or spots. No trace of brown, gray black or dun color permitted in coverts, tail feathers or tail bar area.
Same as Bluette. except for clear deep brick red of wing feathers, white bars with no edging other than uniform red of wing coverts. Tail as in red laced Satinette (spot tail).
Same as red bar Satinette except for clear deep yellow color in wings and tail.
Same as black except the edging in colored feathers is a light ash-gray, lavender-gray, or reddish-gray. Shafts of tail feathers are colored and tail feathers may be whitish, grayish or flecked, but there is seldom, if ever, any lacing of tail feathers.
Same as ash-red except the edging in colored feathers is a very light soft yellowish-gray, yellow-pink, or pinkish-gray. Tail the same.


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Programs Accepting Grades of CR by Major/Minor
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Files are posted as the proposals are distributed to Academic Senate curriculum committees: University Curriculum Committee (UCC), Budget & Long-Range Planning Committee (BLP), and General Education Committee (GEC). Note that some changes may occur as the proposals undergo review at these committees and the copy posted on the website may not be the latest version.
UCC - College of Business Administration
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UCC - College of Humanities, Arts, Behavioral and Social Sciences
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1 History, B.A. P-2 4/30/2019 .
2 Music, B.A. (Proposal deleted at originator's request) P-2 9/8/2019 N/A
2 Dance Studies Minor P-2 11/25/2019 11/20/2020
3 DNCE 305 - Contact Improvisation C 11/18/2019 11/20/2020
4 SOC 491 - Career Readiness C 12/17/2019 .
5 GRMN 201 - Intermediate German I C-2 1/28/2020 .
6 GRMN 312 - German Composition and Advanced Oral Practice C-2 Form C-2 1/28/2020 .
7 TA 180 - Special Topics in Theatre Arts C 1/28/2020 .
8 AMD 413 - Digital Production and Borders C 2/20/2020 8/25/20
9 SOC 450 - Perspectives on Militarism, Peace, and Justice C 2/20/2020 .
10 DNCE 420 - Dance Ensemble and Repertory C-2 2/24/2020 11/20/2020
11 COMM 325 - Research Methods and Design (was 390) C-2 2/25/2020 .
12 COMM 326 - Rhetorical Criticism (was 402) C-2 2/25/2020 .
13 PSCI 494 - Senior Seminar in Political Science D 3/17/2020 .
14 AMD 312 - Digital Drawing C 3/24/2020 10/15/20
15 AIS 410 - United States History Through Indigenous Lenses: Pre-Contact to the Present C 3/19/2020 8/25/20
16 AIS 450 - Decolonization in Practice C 3/9/2020 10/28/2020
17 Literature and Writing Studies Minor P-2 3/6/2020 10/12/20
18 Liberal Studies, Teaching - Elementary Subject Matter Preparation Option (ESM), B.A. P-2 3/30/2020 10/19/20
19 Liberal Studies, Integrated Teacher Education Program Option (ITEP), B.A. P-2 3/30/2020 10/19/20
20 Political Science, B.A. P-2 4/23/2020 11/16/20
21 PSCI 494B - Senior Experience in Political Science C 4/23/2020 11/16/20
22 AIS 270 - American Indian Digital Humanities C 4/29/2020 10/21/20
23 GEOG 432 - Quantitative Methods in Geography and Earth Sciences C 5/4/2020 10/5/20
24 AMD 340 - Museum and Curatorial Practice C 9/16/2020 10/15/20
25 GEOG 431 - Remote Sensing of the Environment C-2 9/16/2020 10/15/20
26 LING 100 (200) - English Grammar and Syntax C-2 9/16/2020 10/5/20
27 LING 101 - Mysteries of Human Language: An Introduction to Linguistics C 9/17/2020 10/19/20
28 LING 300 - Introduction to Linguistics CANCELLED C-2 9/17/2020 n/a
29 LING 321 - Introduction to Syntax C 9/22/2020 11/02/20
30 LING 361 - Introduction to Morphology C-2 9/17/2020 11/02/20
31 LING 480 - Field Methods for Linguistics C 9/22/2020 11/02/20
32 LING 499A, 499B, 499C - Supervised Independent Study C-2 9/22/2020 11/02/20
33 PSCI 480 - The Game of Politics C 9/16/2020 .
34 PSYC 556 - Proseminar in Biological Psychology C-2 9/16/2020 11/02/20
35 SPAN 340 - Specialized Spanish Translation C 9/16/2020 .
36 MUSC 309 - Studio Piano C 10/1/2020 11/02/20
37 LTWR 405 (312) - History of Writing and Literacy C-2 10/12/2020 .
38 PSCI 494a - Senior Seminar in Political Science (from 494) C-2 10/12/2020 11/09/20
39 LING 150 - Introduction to Communicative Sciences and Disorders (Cross-listing with SLP 150) C-2 10/12/2020 11/09/20
40 MUSC 320 - Songs of Protest C 10/20/2020 11/09/20
41 HIST 337 - American Indian Response to White Expansion D 10/20/2020 11/09/20
42 HIST 337 - History of the American Presidency C 10/20/2020 11/09/20
43 Linguistics Minor P-2 9/22/2020 11/16/20
44 Child and Adolescent Development, B.A. P-2 10/26/2020 11/22/2020
45 Global Studies, B.A. P-2 10/26/2020 .
46 Music, B.A. P-2 11/9/2020 .
47 Linguistics, B.A. P 11/20/2020 .
48 HIST 313 (TO: 313A) - Europe in the Middle Ages (TO: Europe in the Early Middle Ages) C-2 11/23/2020 12/07/20
49 HIST 313B - Europe in the Late Middle Ages C 11/23/2020 12/07/20


Every client is connected to the T-daemon via socket. The T-daemon maintains the list of the registered service names, monitors their lifetime, maintains the match rules, and very little more. It doesn't come into the picture when a message is passed between two clients, not even when the message has multiple recipients. All the information about the active services which is needed to route a message, such as the list of services, their address and the match rules, all these things reside in shared memory blocks maintained by the T-daemon. The service name concept from D-Bus lives in T as well, almost unchanged: service names are unique across the net, a client can register any number of them at any time, and their appearing and disappearing from the net is advertised by the T-daemon with messages to all interested clients (but in a slightly finer way than D-Bus does). Service names are typically used to route method calls. Normally, messages are created on shared memory blocks, and a very short message containing the location of the block is sent into the receiver(s)'s FIFO (or alternate transport chosen by the receiver, such as a POSIX message queue). Messages are tagged with a list of labels, specified by the sender. On the other hand, clients register match rules to the T-daemon, specifying what labels they are interested in (or better said, one client can specify multiple sets of labels). A match happens if one set of labels defined in a rule is a subset of the message's labels. Share memory areas used for message data passing are not reference counted, and might not always be explicitly freed by the clients; instead, the T-daemon runs a garbage collector which will unlink the oldest ones.
If all this seems cloudy, hairy and dark at the same time, it's because I described it that way. :-) In the next paragraphs I'll try to cover all these concepts in greater detail, at least to the level of detail that got me positive about T's feasibility. But it's very likely that I'll forget writing about some issues which I considered long time ago; so, in case there are some parts of this idea which seem unfeasible to you, please let me know in a comment.
and having org.freedesktop.DBus as sender.
This way of handling match rules is simpler and more powerful than D-Bus': for instance, with D-Bus if you want to send a message to clients listening on interface A or on interface B, you need to send the same message twice, once per interface (which is what I had to do in libaccounts-glib, for instance). But with T, you could just tag your message with both A and B, and get it delivered to both clients at once. This taglist form of match rules would also be able to cover the functionality offered by the argX and argXpath components of the D-Bus matches, which are uh, a bit hackish. :-) Moreover, the tagged approach would allow for more fine-grained matches than what D-Bus currently provides with its NameOwnerChanged signal; to explicitly mention a case which forces D-Bus clients to broadly listen to this signal, I recall the Telepathy ChannelDispatcher service, which needs to keep track of service names matching org.freedesktop.Telepathy.Client.* — and not being able to install such a rule, is being waken up whenever NameOwnerChanged is emitted (at least until argXprefix becomes available). In T, one could just install a match rules having the labels T.NewService and org.freedesktop.Telepathy.Client, and be done with it (more about this case in the paragraph "Registering a service name").
Clients in the T network exchange messages in a p2p way. The sender creates a shared memory area and writes the contents of the message into it. Once it's done, it sends the handle of this area to the destination(s), by using the transport mechanism which the destination itself has requested when registering the service or match rule. In a humanly readable way, we could imagine the T-address of a client to be fifo://my_fifo or mq://my_message_queue (or something else). The receiver reads the shared memory handle from the input channel and mmaps the area in read-only mode, and unmaps it when it doesn't need it anymore. The memory area is unlinked only at a later stage, by the garbage collector running in the T-daemon: the handle of the memory area has been written by the sender into another memory page which the T-daemon handled to the client when the client first entered the T network. So, the T-daemon knows about all memory areas created by any client, and can go through them and delete the old ones (the minimum validity time might even be chosen by the sender).
if the message has a destination name set on it (like in a D-Bus method), the message is delivered to it; all destinations, along with their T-address, are found on a shared memory block maintained by the T-daemon.
if the message has a sender name set on it (like in a D-Bus signal), the sending client reads the table of match rules set for this sender name — which, needless to say, resides on a shared memory area named after the service name and maintained by the T-daemon — and computes the list of destination addresses.
the sending client reads the table of generic match rules: this is another table maintained by the T-daemon, consisting of all match rules which do not have a sender set.
So, in a T net with N registered service names, we have N+1 shared memory objects holding match rules: one for each service, plus one for the rules which are not bound to a service. When sending a message, the list of the recipients is composed by the union of the recipients found according to the three rules above (so, in the worst case, three tables have to be read).
the table holding the list of the connected clients, with the service names they registered and their T-address.
the table holding the match rules which are not bound to a service.
an empty table where the client will write the handles of the shared memory areas it creates for the IPC messages.
The client is also registered into the connected clients table, with a unique service name assigned to it. The client keeps the socket connection to the T-daemon open as long as it intends to be part of the network. This connection is used to register match rules (only the T-daemon is allowed to write those shared memory tables) and service names.
Clients can register any number of service names, at any time, by issuing a request to the T-daemon. The request will contain the desired service name (which must be unique), the T-address which will listen to incoming messages, and a list of labels. If the T-daemon accepts the request, it will prepare a message containing all these labels, plus a predefined label whose meaning is "a new service has been registered" and will send it to all the clients which have setup a matching rule. The same labels (plus another predefined one) will be set on a similar message which will be send when the service is unregistered.
In addition to the above, the T-daemon will tell the client the handle of the shared memory area where the T-daemon will write the match rules that the client must read when emitting signals from that service name.
Find your data, ignoring all records which are not filled or which are marked for deletion.
(under consideration — I don't think this is necessary) After reading the data, check if the record and the table are still valid. If not, go back to step 1.
To keep this efficient and to reduce the memory waste, string data will be accessed by index, with the actual data residing on another shared memory area. For instance, the labels and the service names will stay in their own tables, consisting of a column with the integer hash, one column with the unique numeric ID of the string (which will remain constant over time) and one column with the actual string (a maximum length for labels and service names will be enforced). So, clients which need to refer to string (to tag a message, for instance) will always use the unique integer ID. The concept is the same as glib quarks, except that it's living in shared memory. Match rules would also have a limit on the number of labels, so that their record can be of a fixed size.
The most delicate case is about the shared memory areas into where clients store the handles of the memory areas they allocated for their IPC messages. These tables are maintained by the clients (one table per client, typically), and the T-daemon accesses them with the steps described above. In addition to the status flag and the data (the T-handle of the resource), each record would have a field holding its expiry time (computed from the monotonic clock). The T-daemon GC will ignore records which haven't been expired yet; for the expired ones, it will unlink the shared memory area and inform the client (via the socket connection) of the deleted records, so that the client can update the table. But this is just an option: I didn't fully decide on how to implement this GC accounting. Note that a Linux implementation might simplify things here, and have the T-daemon directly inspect /dev/shm/ to find out the stale memory areas and unlink them, without the need for the clients to bookkeep them.
Here's a few points I thought worth considering when trying to evaluate the possible performance of a T implementation.
The first concern you may have is the number of file descriptors used in the T network. First of all, we can forget about the descriptors of the shared memory areas, because they can safely be closed as soon as the memory area has been mmap-ed. Secondly, the number of file descriptors in a net consisting of N clients is a value directly proportional to N (because every client has a socket connection to the T-daemon), plus all the FIFOs. In the typical case, every client will just create one FIFO for its incoming channel, and other clients can write to it (though of course the client could open several different incoming channels for different match rules — but I'm not even sure I want to expose this via the client API). In the worst case, at a certain time we might have that the number of open descriptors is O(N2), which doesn't sound that good. This can be reduced back to O(N), if clients don't keep their communication channels open after having sent a message. One reasonable compromise would be to always close the descriptor after having sent a message except in the case where the message had a destination name set (that is the analogue of a D-Bus method call); this file descriptor could be kept open until we are sending a message to a different destination. If the client API will offer a concept of "proxy to a remote service", similar to the glib DBusGProxy, then maybe the descriptors serving the T-address of the proxy could be kept open as long as the proxy object is alive.
For the IPC signaling, I've already mentioned the T-address: this could be a POSIX FIFO, message queue, UNIX domain socket or any other transport which can be used to deliver a hundred bytes to another process. Even though I didn't research this deeply, I would expect the POSIX FIFO to be the simplest to use, so it could be the default. POSIX message queues are said to be faster and provide lower latency, but on the other hand they seem to have some limits imposed on their availability (in Linux, the default number of queues is 256, and this is system-wide). One nice possibility is to use message queues only for processes which need lower latency: so, for instance, an implementation of Telepathy on a mobile phone could request the phone UI, the telepathy-mission-control and the SIM connection manager to use a message queue as their T-address, to achieve a better responsiveness on cellular call handling.
Match rules are not all stored in a single table, but for every service name there is a set of rules which other clients have installed for it (and there's one table for the the rules without service name, which would only be used by programs like dbus-monitor); I wouldn't expect to find many items in these tables, so they could be read linearly. Moreover, we might add to the client API some flag to allow clients to request that a message be sent to its destination only, ignoring all sniffers.
The data of messages exchanged in the T network reside on shared memory blocks, with one block per message. I considered the possibility of using an allocator to optimize the usage of the shared memory, so that the same block could be segmented and used for different messages, but at least for the initial implementation I'd leave this out — it would introduce some complexity, for uncertain benefits.
Another point of concern is related to the garbage collector: if messages expire only after a timeout which could be of the order of several seconds (D-Bus default timeout is 30 seconds, IIRC, and something similar would probably be expected from T), one could easily get into the situation where processes are creating lots of messages in a rapid succession, which would be deleted only after several seconds. But there are several possible solutions for this, or at least to limit the damage: all the messages delivered to only one recipient (that is, most of the messages in a typical D-Bus session) could be marked with a special flag that tells the recipient that no one else needs access to the memory handle, so that it can unlink it as soon as it has opened it. And if a message is delivered to more than one recipient, it could be delivered to the T-daemon as well, which could remove the handle after a shorter timeout than the actual expiration.
If and when an implementation of T will be ready, we'll be able to make more considerations and optimizations. For instance, for smaller messages addressed to only one recipient it might be more convenient to pipe them directly into the transport, without passing the shared memory handle.
Or, I'd rather say, unsecurity. Exposing all the data, as well as the routing tables, in shared memory is problematic. I'm not concerned about buggy clients: the T client library will be careful enough to open the shared memory areas in read-only mode, so that a process cannot corrupt other processes' data. But anyone could write a malicious client which could do much more harm than a malicious client in D-Bus. This can be mitigated by running the T-daemon as a different user, so that the shared memory areas containing the client list, the tags and the match rules can be trusted. But for data exchanged among clients on shared memory segments, I don't see a clear solution (unless clients also run as all different users, but that's quite impractical). One thing that I miss is the possibility for a process to create a file that only this process can write, while all other processes (running under the same user) can only read. This is because the process which created a file isn't any better, in the "eyes" of the Linux kernel, than any other process running with the same user and group. Even if the creator chmods the file to read-only, other processes can chmod it back to read-write. I'd really hope that someone tells me that I'm wrong on this.
For secure communication, a protocol could be created to allow two clients to open a socket connection between each other, so that data exchanged through it could not be seen or modified by a third process. Ideally, this could happen in an almost transparent way to the clients, which would just need to set one flag when creating one proxy object (if the API will expose such concept), and magically their messages will be routed through it.


Has anyone done this tour or ever do tour with ShinraShiretoko ? How is the English guide? It's also said they provide lunch for the One Day Tour but there's no detail of type of food ie. seafood etc?
We also plan to take the last bus from Utoro to Shiretoko Shari Bus Terminal at 5pm. The One Day Tour would finish at 4.30pm. Just wonder if we could make enough time to catch the bus? Could the bus depart earlier? Utoro bus terminal would be their 1st departure point.
I just got a response from the tour operator and they say the tour is only in Japanese? but i saw few English reviews. perhaps it's not full English tour but simple English would be suffice for us.
or is there any other tour that offer English tour for the Drift Ice Walk Tour and 2hours shoe-hike tour (Shinra offers one to Furepe Waterfall)?


Click to see how it went!
Open House-Style starting at 10AM and running through the evening.
Also known as: Super-crazy-awesome bonding over manual labor and free food.
I am expanding my garden to a serious degree, from 4 small beds on the side to a huge portion of our back yard. In order to do that I need to build several large raised beds (out of cement blocks). I could spend every spare minute over the next two months doing this myself, or I figured I could have a party and invite all of my awesome friends and do it in a day.
You get free food. I'll feed you as long as you're here, Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner, Breakfast and snacks in between. Beer and wine will be provided (as well as non-alcoholic drinks). Vegetarians and gluten intolerants welcome. Vegans, we'll talk.
Crazy bonding with people you know and people you don't know. If you've never bonded over crisp fall manual labor, you don't know what you're missing.
More free food! In exchange for your help you will be able to help yourself to free produce from the garden next summer! You can stop by and pick what you'd like, or I can drop of a portion of whatever is ready to harvest. To give you an idea of what I'll be growing: cucumbers, tomatoes, herbs, beans, carrots, beets, radishes, parsnips, potatoes, garlic, onions, cabbage, melons, squash, corn, kale, swiss chard, lettuce, kohlrabi, and more! You can think of this as my very first trial CSA.
Warm-fuzzies in your soul parts knowing that you helped accomplish something as a part of a community, an amazing network of supportive people.
Bragging rights that you're 1) a part of the (sub)urban agricultural movement and B) that you were present at the first ever Om Nom Acre event.
A coveted "No Farms, No Food" bumper sticker.
No experience needed. Dress in layers for the outside. We have 3 toilets, 2 hot showers, 2 dogs, 2 cats, a king sized bed, and a queen sized air mattress for anyone who wants to crash. Rides can be arranged if you are automotively impaired. You are more than welcome to bring friends.


Re-entering the work force after a decade of stay at home "mom-ing" was overwhelming. I enjoyed the direction NTI gave me and the push for success. Everyone on staff is so helpful and caring. Six months later, I am on my way to my dream career, and I have already been hired at NorDx. Thanks!
I would definitely recommend going to NTI. I studied and became a medical assistant at the Bangor campus, everyone is helpful and friendly. The instructors are always there for you, they really do want to see each and every student successful at the end of the day!


We are specialist in the field of the natural ripening of cheese, partly due to our knowledge of mechanical engineering and automation. Because of this we have a package to machines for kaasbehandeling, which meet the current requirements.
From its specialism as a machine builder of steel and in particular stainless steel machines has DOESCHOT many projects. Over the years these projects for a wide variety of companies, both in the food industry, and beyond.
Do you want to know more about specialty machines? Click here.
The aid station, also called fire post, is designed to help in case of accident or fire the tools, such as extinguishing media, in a manner understandable to the public. The user-friendliness is demonstrated, for example, the fact that the resources are visible from the outside and so invite to use.
Do you want to know more about tunnel firefighting systems? Click here.
At Doeschot we do everything to prepare your repair as soon as possible, so that your production has no additional delay. Normally this can be settled within a day, if we have the materials in house.
For maintenance on your machine park you can always contact us.
Do you want to know more about our repair and maintenance? Click here.


text:
Рот () — город в Германии, районный центр, расположен в земле Бавария.

Подчинён административному округу Средняя Франкония. Входит в состав района Рот. Население составляет 24 417 человек (на 31 декабря 2010 года). Занимает площадь 96,25 км². Официальный код — 09 5 76 143.

Город подразделяется на 20 городских районов.

Население

Достопримечательности

 Ратиборский замок

Примечания

Ссылки
 Официальная страница

Города Баварии
Районные центры Баварии

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: How to execute/call a PHP function via ajax? I have a PHP file which consists of a number of functions, and when I tried to call one of them via ajax, it executes all the function on that page.
How can I execute only one function at a time via ajax? I am using simple PHP without class-object pattern.

A: Maybe you can pass a parameter in the URL telling the PHP which function you want to execute e.g.
$.ajax({
    url: "http://www.url.com/file.php?functiontocall=functiona",
    success: function(){
        // Do something
    }
});

and on the PHP side
if ($_GET["functiontocall"] == "functiona") {
    // Call functiona and output response
}

A: you need 2 PHP for this. One with all the functions fileA.php, and the other which you will call through ajax fileB.php. fileB.php should include fileA.php and you can call whichever function you want.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Sword & Laser
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S&L Podcast - #320 - We are Sword (We are Laser)
March 29, 2018 / Tom Merritt
The March tournament was so much fun, and in the end we'll read We Are Legion (We Are Bob) which is an appropriately fun book. We also talk about other podcasts that are cool to listen to (in ADDITION to this one, heh) plus our last thoughts on the beautiful complexity of An Unkindness of Ghosts.
Download directly here.
WHAT ARE WE DRINKING?
Tom: Antinori Pian Delle Vigne Brunello Di Montalcino 2010
Veronica: A to Z 2014 Pinot noir from Oregon
I was gonna save this for Bare Your Sword, but I think it's much more appropriate for What Are We Drinking. Over on Twitter, Alex posted:
@swordandlaser at half speed is as if the "what are you drinking section"?got out of control. 😂 @Veronica @acedtect pic.twitter.com/RhQA6Rjp7O
— Alex (@Alex7Gp) March 28, 2018
QUICK BURNS
Handmaid's Tale returns April 25 - New trailer out
Trailers and airdate for the BBC's TV adaptation of China Mieville's THE CITY AND THE CITY - begins on Friday 6 April on BBC2 in the UK.
Mark: Nominees for the 2018 Audie Awards (for audio books published in 2017) are up and the list has many categories. There is one S+L pick and several authors of past picks.
The Strange Case of the Alchemist's Daughter by Theodora Goss
(Also Catherynne M. Valente is nominated for The Refrigerator Monologues)
The Stone Sky by N.K. Jemisin
New York 2140 by Kim Stanley Robinson
and Red Sister by Mark Lawrence is also nominated in the Fantasy category, so why can't he get a break during S+L March Madness?
John (Nevets): I guess it is not a sure thing yet, but it looks like Amazon is trying to make The Three-Body Problem trilogy into a big budget TV series.
Could be interesting, but with the Chinese roots so ingrained in this franchise, I really hope they treat it right, instead of just making a cool movie off of a hot book. I guess I'm saying I hope it is more "Black Panther", or "House of the Flying Daggers" then "Ghost in the Shell."
Edit, sort of: I actually meant to put "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon" instead of "House of the Flying Daggers", but on doing a quick refresher of the production on each, I sort of think I like the "House of the Flying Daggers" reference better, It was more fully Chinese produced, then CTHD
BARE YOUR SWORD
Lauren (Posted this in Quick Burns. It's not news so really doesn't belong there but it is interesting) Nisi Shawl wrote a "Crash Course in the History of Black Science Fiction"
It's from 2016, and I couldn't find it in past Quick Burns threads, but I just discovered it and thought it was a great resource for folks who are looking for inspiration for more diverse authors to read. There are plenty of books on here I've never heard of, and a whole bunch of these went immediately to my TBR list.
Changing tastes in author
Other book podcasts
Speaking of other podcasts, I wanted to take a moment to play a trailer for a podcast called Flash Forward. Check it out!
BOOK OF THE MONTH DISCUSSION
We Are Legion (We Are Bob) by Dennis E. Taylor
Book Briefing
An Unkindness of Ghosts by Rivers Solomon
Our show is currently entirely funded by our patrons. Thank you to all the folks who back our show and if you would like to support the show that way head to patreon.com/swordandlaser
You can also support the show by buying books through our links! Find links to the books we talk about and some of our favorites at swordandlaser.com/picks
March 29, 2018 / Tom Merritt/ 1 Comment
an unkindness of ghosts, rivers solomon
Tom Merritt
S&L Podcast - #321 - What is Camp? ...
S&L Podcast - #319 - An Unkindness ...
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Jampel Dell'Angelo joined IVM's Environment and Policy Analysis (EPA) section as an Assistant Professor of Water Governance. Jampel has a political economy/natural resources governance background and has spent the last 4 years in the United States on different research projects relating to freshwater resource management.
Dim Coumou started recently as a researcher within the Water & Climate Risk (WCR) section. His prime research interest is the link between global warming and extreme weather events. The past 8 years he has been at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research where he still also remains part-time employed.
Petra van der Kooij will be working at IVM for four months as a junior research fellow on the project 'Ethics in the Anthropocene'. The project is a joint initiative of IVM with the faculty of Theology.
Roxana Petrescu has left IVM to return to Ispra (Italy), where she has been working before at the EU's Joint Research Centre (JRC). Her successor as the coordinator of Amsterdam Water Science is Eline van Haastrecht.


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CBD stands for Cannabidiol and is a phytocannabinoid molecule found with no psychoactive properties in the hemp plant.
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Where does the water come from before the CBD is infused?
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Where does the CBD come from?
All of our CBD comes directly from organically-grown hemp in the US.
Where does the hemp come from?
All our CBD comes from a licensed farm and extraction facility that is licensed under the Colorado and Oregon Department of Agriculture's Industrial Hemp Program. CBD from this facility is triple-tested: at the farm, at the extraction facility and by CBD Living. All CBD from this facility contains absolutely no THC or traces of THC. As additional states come on board with state-sponsored industrial hemp programs, we are open to exploring relationships with other licensed facilities to ensure a consistent supply of CBD for our products. We are one of the few companies that can say we truly have traceability from seed to finished product.
Is the hemp certifid organic?
No. Currently, the agricultural committee does not have a standard set up for hemp. We do use organic growing practices and organic pesticides, but there's no certification process in place yet.
Are all the products made in-house, or are some white-labeled?
A majority of the products are made in-house. Others are manufactured through contract manufacturers. For example, our water is produced at a California state-licensed water bottling plant in Corona, Calif.
Does CBD Living make the isolate, or does it come from somewhere else?
CBD Living's isolate comes from a state-licensed farm and extraction facility that is licensed under the Colorado and Oregon Department of Agriculture's Industrial Hemp Program.
CBD, in general, is not a water-soluble phytonutrient. By utilizing nanotechnology, we are able to create CBD products that are more easily absorbed into the bloodstream, increasing the bioavailability of the CBD to up to 90 percent, compared to 10-15 percent for CBD products manufactured without nanotechnology. We chose to utilize nanotechnology in our products because, with higher bioavailability, consumers need a smaller dose of CBD to get the full effect. In other words, they get more bang for their buck.
What is the entire process from the plant to the product ?
Our hemp is organically grown and cultivated at a state-licensed farm in Colorado, where it is tested for purity. The hemp is then extracted at this same state-licensed facility, where the CBD is tested again. The CBD makes its way to CBD Living's facility in Corona, Calif. where it is sent out a third time for testing as a raw CBD material at a third-party firm. The CBD is verified to be potent and THC-free, and is sent back to CBD Living. After confirmation of these test results, the raw CBD is then manufactured into all the different products according to our internal standard operating procedures (SOPs) and proprietary formulas.
What kind of broad spectrum CBD is used?
We use broad spectrum CD that contains trace amounts of other cannabidiols, including CBC, CBN, and CBG.
How does the CBD patch work?
Most patches on the market (CBD or otherwise) take an adhesive and mix active ingredients and nutrients in with the glue. As a result, you are absorbing the nutrients through your skin, but you are also absorbing polymers and adhesives. Frequently, this can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in users. CBD Living uses a reservoir patch. In the center of the patch is a reservoir with broad-spectrum CBD and active ingredients to allow your body to absorb the CBD. Surrounding the reservoir is 3M medical-grade adhesive, which is NOT absorbed by your body.
Why was CBD Living created?
CBD Living was created to fill a need in the community. Many people were looking for the holistic health benefits of marijuana type products, without having to consume THC or "get high."
How did the idea for CBD Living come about?
Founder Bill Di Segna, a veteran of the medical cannabis industry, was attending a trade show when he first learned about the benefits of CBD, and the pros of producing CBD products using nanotechnology. However, the existing companies that were using nanotechnology weren't able to keep up with demand or make necessary improvements and adjustments to their formulations. Bill thought that he could do better, and serve a much broader community of customers. He hired his own experts, set up his own nano lab and began R&D for what became CBD Living's proprietary in-house formulas. .
How much investment have you raised and from whom?
We are a privately held, self-funded company.
Where are you headquartered? Why did you choose this location?
We are headquartered in Corona, California. We chose Corona because the city is incredibly CBD-friendly. Corona is a major hub for beverage companies, including household names like Monster Energy, and city officials have been instrumental in introducing us to resources within the city, as well as connecting us with local businesses.
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Twenty teams played in the Spring Mixed Greensomes competition held on the 28 April It was a lovely sunny day and the course was in excellent condition. Refreshments were provided by Jane and Catherine Dixon with the assistance of the Ladies Captain Sue Burns. This was very well received.
The match was followed by a strawberry cream tea.
1st Graeme MacDonald & Sue Birkett - 39 points.