In case you missed our recent GMP seminar, please see below the speaker presentation slides and some of ITM's Top Tips for you to consider at all stages of your GMP exercise. We hope they prove useful!
If you have any questions or need help with any stages of your GMP project, please do not hesitate to contact us. Thank you again for attending the ITM GMP seminar.


text:
YOUR BRAND IS UNIQUE. LET'S KEEP IT THAT WAY.
From strategic counseling to trademark litigation, ADLI Law Group offers a full range of trademark services. We are your top resource for trademark litigation and counsel. We can help you with availability analysis, portfolio development, acquirement, protection, enforcement, dispute resolution, anti-counterfeiting, and anti-piracy. As the place to find a leading trademark attorney, our seasoned trademark team includes first-rate attorneys and paralegals who are focused on trademark, logo, trade dress, and domain name matters. When you need the help of a top trademark lawyer, there is no better resource.
WE HANDLE:
Cease-and-Desist Letters
Acquisitions And Licensing Agreements
Trademark Cancellation
Opposition Proceedings
Domain Name Arbitrations
Top Trademark Attorneys Los Angeles
From strategic counseling to trademark litigation, ADLI Law Group's trademark lawyer team offers a full range of trademark services We are your top resource for trademark litigation and counsel. We can help you with availability analysis, portfolio development, acquirement, protection, enforcement, dispute resolution, anti-counterfeiting, and anti-piracy.
As the place to find a leading trademark attorney, our seasoned trademark team includes first-rate attorneys and paralegals who are focused on trademark, logo, trade dress, and domain name matters. When you need the help of a top trademark lawyer, there is no better resource.
We counsel clients regarding the best branding strategy for enhancing and developing strong trademark rights worldwide, including the proper selection and use of marks and the prosecution of trademark applications and registrations in the United States. Using our extensive network of foreign counsel, we can help protect our clients' trademarks around the world, including locations throughout Europe, North America, Asia, and South America.
ADLI Law Group's trademark litigation lawyer services and enforcement counseling is multi-faceted, including cease-and-desist letters, acquisitions and licensing agreements, trademark cancellation and opposition proceedings, domain name arbitrations, seizures, and litigation before state and federal courts as well as the United States Patent and Trademark Office and International Trade Commission. We are prepared to protect and enforce various types of trademarks rights, including word marks and logos, as well as product configuration and packaging.
We can manage large international trademark portfolios for our clients and assist startup companies in establishing and promoting their marks. ADLI Law Group uniquely combines the expertise and experience of a global Intellectual Property and leading trademark litigation lawyer with the personal service of a boutique firm, while also providing affordable rates.
To review all of the trademarks filed by ADLI Law Group, please visit the following links:
Trademarks Page 1
ADLI Law Group has considerable experience representing clients with Trade Secrets. Without a Federal Statute of its own, such as there is with Copyrights, Trademarks, and Patents, Trade Secret law is an area of intellectual property law that is more ambiguous and can vary from state to state and requires a law firm with experience in the variances that go from state to state, especially for businesses that operate in interstate commerce. As a leading IP firm, we have experience handling complex trade secret litigation involving in most jurisdictions around the country and internationally. An ADLI Law Group litigation attorney knows the right way to protect and fight for a client's rights and interests. We are your top resource for trade secret litigation, transactions, and counsel.
Should I hire a local or national patent attorney?
The decision to hire a patent attorney is different from hiring an attorney for other reasons like personal injury or divorce. While those sort of cases are best handled by…
Who owns the rights to a patent? The employer or inventor?
Generally the person who completes the patent application is the owner of the patent and granted the rights it secures. However, in the case of an inventor who creates a…
Do I Need an Attorney to Acquire a Patent?
Starting a patent application is not just a matter of filling out several stacks of paperwork, submitting diagrams, and paying fees. It requires knowledge of patent law, patent office procedure,…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Livestock Judging Team Dominates Competition in San Antonio
Mason Weadock and Jack Redifer take the top two individual spots.
tags: Academics, Achievements, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Stories
Historian: Texas Independence Is More Valued Today Than When It Was Achieved
Texas declared its independence from Mexico on March 2, 1836.
tags: Academics, College of Arts and Sciences, Provost, Stories
Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library Honors Women Who Shaped Texas Tech
The exhibit celebrates women's contributions to Texas Tech University.
tags: Academics, Libraries, Museums, Provost, Stories
Chess Team Takes Top Place at Southwest Collegiate Championship
It's the latest victory for the award-winning Knight Raiders after qualifying for the 2017 final four of chess in December.
tags: Academics, Chess program, Diversity, Feature Stories, Provost, Stories


We have often marveled at the long hours children can spend playing with simple materials like boxes, rocks, shells, sand, or water. Our observations have led us to question the conventional wisdom of providing children with sophisticated toys. As you've probably noted yourself, children are often more interested in the packaging than in the toys themselves.
Children usually prefer play that stimulates their curiosity and gives free reign to their imaginations and creativity. We believe that one of the best ways to enhance their natural curiosity is to introduce a wide variety of the materials we call "loose parts" into their play settings.
Loose parts possess infinite play possibilities. They offer multiple rather than single outcomes: no specific set of directions accompanies them; no single result is inevitable. Unlike a jigsaw puzzle, whose pieces are meant to be fitted together in a specific way to make a single picture, loose parts can be joined in many ways. A scarf, for example, can become a blanket to swaddle a baby, a platform for a picnic, a fishing pond, a cover for a fort, or a veil covering the face of a bride.
Children for generations have used found materials in their play from rocks and sticks to tin cans and wire. In his article "How NOT to Cheat Children: the Theory of Loose Parts," the British architect Simon Nicholson coined the term "loose parts" to describe open-ended materials that can be used and manipulated in many ways (1971). Nicholson saw people of every age as potentially creative. Environments, he believed, offer many ways for children to interact with variables such as gravity, sounds, chemical reactions, concepts, words, and people. For Nicholson, the richness of an environment depended on the opportunities it provided for making connections. "In any environment," he writes, "both the degree of inventiveness and creativity, and the possibility of discovery, are directly proportional to the number and kind of variables in it" (30). Take, for example, a beach: it is filled with loose parts—rocks, shells, beach glass, plants, feathers. When children play in such a setting, they can move around, making use of any or all of the found objects, devising spaces and structures that can entertain them for hours. This isn't only fun but it also helps them develop higher levels of critical thinking and creativity.
When an environment is rich in loose parts, children are likely to discover multiple ways to manipulate them and new ways of thinking or processing the knowledge learned by playing with the materials. Children can use flat tree cookies to serve as a sturdy base for a tall tower, stepping stones to lead them safely across an imaginary river filled with hungry alligators, a steering wheel for their race car, or a lily pad to shelter frogs. They become more creative and flexible in their thinking while satisfying their ever-growing curiosity and love for learning.
Children prefer loose parts. Anyone who has watched children play with toys or playground equipment knows that they quickly tire of things with a sole purpose. Once they've mastered the key function of an object—pushing the button to make a figure pop up or climbing a ladder, for example—they are ready to move on. The intrigue and the challenge are gone. In other words, children make their play choices based on how much variability those materials offer. A stick is a richer choice than a slide because it can become a fishing pole, a spoon for stirring a concoction, a magic wand, or a balance beam for snails. Loose parts offer almost numberless variables, prompting children to create their own stories.
With so many materials available for ECE classrooms, you need to make choices that maximize children's development and make sense financially. Today, teachers are often expected to provide classroom materials out of their own pockets. Happily, loose parts can often be had for free, and they offer a bonus: they encourage you, and the children's parents, to reuse, renew, and recycle. Write a note to the children's families asking them to collect potentially rich materials around their homes to add to the classroom. Provide a list of suggested items (small boxes, jar lids, buttons, fabric). Also, post your list in the classroom or distribute it at school events.
Loose parts offer many possibilities for open-ended learning. Especially in ECE programs where standards and ditto sheets are threatening to take over, advocate for loose parts as they support the acquisition of skills that children are required to demonstrate when they enter kindergarten.
Children acquire their first math skills and numerical concepts when they manipulate small loose parts, like blocks and bottle caps, by sorting and classifying, and combining and separating them. They learn one-to-one correspondence when they make connections among loose parts. Once they begin integrating loose parts into their games, you commonly hear them start to count and see them arranging the parts in specific sequences, patterns, and categories by color, type, number, and class. Loose parts lend themselves to classification. The concept of measurement becomes clear when children play with tools like cups, sticks, funnels, and sifters. Measurement, equivalency, balance, spatial awareness, conservation, and logical classification are precursors to higher mathematical skills that loose parts readily support.
Loose parts help children investigate and actively construct ideas and explanations about physical properties of the nonliving world. Children gain deeper knowledge of how things work when they can experiment with stacking boxes, tubes, and bottles. They can also test multiple hypotheses involving gravity, force, weight, distance, and height with these materials. Children learn that things move in many various ways (motion) through playing with loose parts that can be pulled and pushed to start, stop, or change their movement. Wooden boards, gutters, and balls help them investigate inclines and gravity. Prisms and open-ended materials that are transparent, translucent, or opaque on a light table or overhead projector help children experiment with color, shadows, and reflected or refracted light.
Loose parts promote language development when children use them as props to engage in rich conversations and storytelling with peers and adults. Describing the items they manipulate, children can test new, complex words and engage in productive arguments that increase their critical-thinking skills. They make connections between loose parts, the books they have read, and the stories they have heard. They use loose parts to plan and draw their ideas and interactions. Ample, continuous use of loose parts helps children improve their memories, vocabularies, and literacy.
Children often express their ideas and feelings through art. An open art studio offers them tools and materials for telling their stories. Adding loose parts to the art area can enhance their creativity and help them extend their ideas and questions. When loose parts are added to your art center, they offer children invitations to draw, sculpt, collage, explore, and extend their ideas. Such opportunities shouldn't be confined to the art area though. Fill your indoor and outdoor settings with open-ended resources to encourage creative expression everywhere. Children's sense of beauty can be as easily seen in their arrangements of sticks lined up side by side, wooden planks propped symmetrically against a lodge, rock mosaics laid in sand, and pinecones arranged in spirals.
Music and movement captures children's attention and hearts. Movement for children mostly takes place through self-directed, self-initiated play as they freely move their bodies. Movement possibilities with loose parts such as scarves, hoops, and ribbons are endless, and provide opportunity for children to improvise. Musical play often means hitting items as hard as possible to see how they sound, and loose parts offer almost limitless opportunities to explore sounds that can be exuberant, random, noisy, and chaotic or quiet, gentle, and focused. Almost all children will naturally have the ability to interact with music.
We hope that you are inspired by this book to add more loose parts to children's play. When you provide loose parts and have an open mind about how they may be used, the children will surprise and delight you with what they create and learn.
This article is excerpted from Chapter 1: Daly, Lisa, and Miriam Beloglovsky. 2015. Loose Parts: Inspiring Play in Young Children. Minnesota: Redleaf Press.
Copyright © Redleaf Press. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved. Visit us at www.RedLeafPress.com.
Lisa Daly, MA, is a professor of early childhood education at Rolsom Lake College in Folsom, California. Lisa has thirty years of experience in the early childhood field and is passionate about creative arts. She has directed art programs for thousands of children and has presented on a variety of topics at numerous conferences and workshops.
Miriam Beloglovsky, MA, is a professor of early childhood education at Cosumnes River College in Sacramento, CA, and has enjoyed advising and guiding students for over twenty five years. She consults and supports a variety of family, children, and youth programs and is active with a number of early childhood organizations.
The concept of "loose parts" is what is needed for children to become critical thinkers as they use these open- ended materials to plan their work and create whatever they want to without an adult dictating to them what should be done. It helps children be imaginative. I personally believe that today's children are going to build their own technology that will amaze the world and can only do that if they are given the opportunity to be creative not by giving them dittos. Thanks to both of you for coming up with this book! That is called being creative!
I am happy to see that things have gone back to when children could use mud and grass and old pie pans from Mom's kitchen to make wonderful cakes and pies on their shoeboxstoves. Your brain is a wonderful place for imagination to begin and share with other. What a wonderful concept to give to our children. Think, play imagine create.
Do away with commercially purchased toys and games, teddy bear counters, and coloring worksheets. In their place, substitute loose parts. Because loose parts are open-ended, they become a wildly creative platform for children's imaginations and constructions!


text:
Shopping Cart Register
Verfication Code: *
Patent Journals
Free Online Samples
Journals Impacting Science
New Title 2019
Price and Ordering Information
By Video Ebooks
Forthcoming Series
Future Attraction
Future Titles
Future Series
Articles By Disease
Bentham Online
Bentham Insight
Purchase Articles
Journal and eBook Catalog
Author's Benefits Guide
Events By Region
Events By Subject Areas
Computer and Information Science
Drug Design, Discovery and Therapy
Earth and Environmental Sciences
Food Sciences and Nutrition
Technology Transfer and Entrepreneurship
Health Care Industry Resources
Parterning Events
FAQs for e-prints/reprints
Journal Catalog 2019
Order Bulk Reprints
Order Bulk ePrints
Library Recommendation
Table of Content Alerts
Trial Requests
For Authors & Editors
Online Journal Management System
Author Benefits
Editor Policies
Publication Cycle - Process Flowchart
Self-Archiving Policies
Table of Contents Alert
Ordering & Subscription
Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Derivatives: A Privileged Structural Framework in Drug Discovery to Treat Alzheimer's Disease
Author(s): Monika Bhardwaj, KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, UP, India	Vaishali M. Patil*, KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, UP, India	Rakhi Dhiman, Bharat Institute of Technology, Meerut- 250 103, Uttar Pradesh, India	Satya P. Gupta, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, UP, India	Neeraj Masand. Department of Pharmacy, Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical College, Meerut-250 001 UP, India
Journal Name: Current Enzyme Inhibition
Volume 15 , Issue 1 , 2019
DOI : 10.2174/1573407215666190111150241
Graphical Abstract:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurological disorder characterised by decrease level of ACh and increased AChE expression. Inhibition of AChE is one of the common strategies to treat AD as it leads to increase Ach level quantitatively at the synaptic cleft. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are used to treat various neurodegenerative disorders, and many are FDA approved for the management and cure of AD. AChEIs produce long term symptomatic effect, that contribute in other pathological mechanisms of the disease (e.g. formation of amyloid–β plaques) and have provided a rationale to the discovery of this class of inhibitors. Currently prescribed AChE inhibitors are Galantamine (natural alkaloid) and Rivastigmine (synthetic alkaloid compound) and have been considered beneficial for the treatment of mild to moderate AD. However, there is a need for the discovery of more effective compounds derived from natural sources as well as form synthetic sources as potential AChEIs. Findings and advances about natural and synthetic derivatives as potential sources of AChEIs will be collectively summarised in this review paper.
Keywords: Acetylcholineserase, AChE inhibitors, Alzheimer's disease, Molecular modelling studies, Types of AChE inhibitors, drug discovery.
Martorana, A.; Esposito, Z.; Koch, G. Beyond the cholinergic hypothesis: do current drugs work in Alzheimer's disease? CNS Neursci. Ther., 2010, 16, 235-245.
Querfurth, H.W.; Selkoe, D.J. Calcium ionophore increases amyloid beta peptide production by cultured cells. Biochemistry, 1994, 33, 4550-4561.
Alzheimer's Health Center. https://www.medicinenet.com/ alzheimers/focus.htm
Carson, K.A.; Geula, C.; Mesulam, M.M. Electron microscopic localization of cholinesterase activity in Alzheimer brain tissue. Brain Res., 1991, 540, 204-208.
Boyle, N.M.; Banck, M.; James, C.A.; Morley, C.; Vandermeersch, T.; Hutchison, G.R. Open Babel: An open chemical toolbox. J. Cheminf., 2011, 3, 332-345.
Hardy, J.; Selkoe, D.J. The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: progress and problems on the road to therapeutics. Science, 2002, 297, 353-356.
Selkoe, D.J.; Schenk, D. Alzheimer's disease: Molecular understanding predicts amyloid-based therapeutics. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 2003, 43, 545-584.
Elina, Z.; James, A.R.N.; Raj, K.; Clive, H. Inflammation in Alzheimer's disease: Relevance to pathogenesis and therapy. Delphine Boche Alzheimers Res. Ther., 2010, 2(1), 1.
Iranshahi, M.; Iranshahy, M. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum-resin)—A review. Ethnopharmacology, 2011, 134, 1-10.
Zhou, X.; Wang, X.B.; Wang, T.; Kong, L.Y. Design, synthesis, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of novel coumarin analogues. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2008, 16, 8011-8021.
Sugimoto, H.; Yamanishi, Y.; Iimura, Y.; Kawakami, Y. Donepezil hydrochloride (E2020) and other acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Curr. Med. Chem., 2000, 7, 303-339.
Kavanagh, S.; Gaudig, M.; Van, M.M.; Adami, M.; Delgado, A.; Guzman, C.; Jedenius, E.; Schäuble, B. Galantamine and behavior in Alzheimer disease: analysis of four trials. Acta Neurol. Scand., 2001, 124, 302-308.
Hoerr, R.; Noeldner, M.; Ensaculin, M. (KA-672 HCl): A multitransmitter approach to dementia treatment. CNS Drug Rev., 2002, 8, 143-158.
Alipour, M.; Khoobi, M.; Foroumadi, A.; Nadri, H.; Moradi, A.; Sakhteman, M.; Ghandi, M.; Shafiee, A. Novel coumarin derivatives bearing N-benzyl pyridinium moiety: potent and dual binding site acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2012, 20, 7214-7222.
US National Library of Medicine.. www.Clinicaltrials.Gov
Koh, S.H.; Kim, S.H.; Kwon, H.; Park, Y.; Kim, K.S.; Song, C.W.; Kim, J.; Kim, M.H.; Yu, H.J.; Henkel, J.S.; Jung, H.K. Epigallocatechin gallate protects nerve growth factor differentiated PC12 cells from oxidative-radical-stress-induced apoptosis through its effect on phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res., 2003, 118, 72-81.
Dan, C.; Ya-fei, P.; Chuan-Jun, L.; Yun-feng, X.; Yu-ren, J. Virtual screening of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, In: M. Taha, Ed, Virtual Screening, InTech; Publisher, Shanghi,, 2012; pp. 83-90.
Enz, A.; Amstutz, R.; Boddeke, H.; Gemelin, G.; Malanowaski, J. Brain selective inhibition of acetylcholinesterase: a novel approach to therapy for Alzheimer's disease. Prog. Brain Res., 1993, 98, 431-438.
Cardozo, M.G.; Kawai, Y.; Limura, Y.; Sugimoto, H.; Yaminishi, Y.; Hopefinger, A.J. Conformational analysis and molecular- shape comparisons of a series of indanone- benzylpiperidine inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. J. Med. Chem., 1992, 35, 582-587.
Katzman, R.; Bick, K. The cholinergic story: hope for the patient and family, İn: Alzheimer's Disease, the Changing View, first ed; Academic Press: London, 2000, p. 182. (Chapter 5).
Massoulié, J.; Bon, S. The molecular forms of cholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase in vertebrates. Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 1982, 5, 57-106.
Greig, N.H.; Utsukd, T.; Yu, X.; Zhu, H.W.; Holloway, T.; Perry, B.L.; Lehri, D.K.; Ingram, D.K. A new therapeutic target in the Alzheimer's disease treatment: attention to butrylcholinesterase. Curr. Med. Res. Opin., 2001, 17, 159-165.
Johnson, G.; Moore, M.S. Peripheral anionic site of acetylcholinesterase: structure, functions and potential role in rational drug design. Curr. Pharm. Des., 2006, 12, 217-225.
Cavalli, A.; Bolognesi, M.L.; Minarini, A. Multi-targate-directed ligands to combat neurodegenerative disease. J. Med. Chem., 2008, 51(3), 347-372.
Quinn, D.M. Acetylcholinesterase: enzyme structure, reaction dynamics, and virtual transition states. Chem. Rev., 1987, 87, 955-979.
Pohanka, M. Cholinesterases, a target of pharmacology and toxicology. Biomed. Pap. Med. Fac. Univ. Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub., 2011, 155, 219-230.
Taylor, P.; Lappi, S. Interaction of fluorescence probes with acetylcholinesterase. The site and specificity of propidium binding. Biochemistry, 1975, 14, 1989-1997.
Green, K.N.; LaFerla, F.M. Linking calcium to Ab and Alzheimer's disease. Neuron, 2008, 59, 190-194.
Singh, M.; Kaur, M.; Kukreja, H.; Chugh, R.; Silakari, O.; Singh, D. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors as Alzheimer therapy: from nerve toxins to neuroprotection. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2013, 70, 165-188.
Arce, P.M.; Franco, R.I.M.; Munoz, G.C.G.; Perez, C.; Lopez, B.; Villaroya, M.; Lopez, G.M.; Garcia, G.A. Neuroprotective and cholinergic properties of multifunctional glutamic acid derivatives for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J. Med. Chem., 2009, 22, 7249-7257.
Glenner, G.G.; Wong, C.W. Alzheimer's disease: Initial report of the purification and characterization of a novel cerebrovascular amyloid protein. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1984, 120, 885-890.
Selkoe, D.J.; Podlisny, M.B.; Annu, R.; Genomics, H.G. Synthesis and evaluation of 4-substituted coumarins as novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2002, 99, 251.
Goedert, M.; Spillantini, M.G.; Crowther, R.A. Tau proteins and neurofibrillary degeneration. Brain Pathol., 1991, 1, 279-286.
Iqbal, K.; Alonso, A.C.; Chen, S.; Chohan, M.O.; El-Akkad, E.; Gong, C.X.; Khatoon, S.; Li, B.; Liu, F.; Rahman, A.; Tanimukai, H.; Grundke-Iqbal, I. Tau pathology in Alzheimer disease and other tauopathies. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2005, 1739, 198-210.
Chun, W.; Johnson, G.V. The role of tau phosphorylation and cleavage in neuronal cell death. Front. Biosci., 2007, 12, 733-756.
Pierrot, N.; Santos, S.F.; Feyt, C.; Morel, M.; Brion, J.P.; Octave, J.N. Calcium mediated transient phosphorylation of tau and amyloid precursor protein followed by intraneuronal amyloid-beta accumulation. J. Biol. Chem., 2006, 281, 39907-39914.
Bojarski, L.; Herms, J.; Kuznicki, J. Calcium dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem. Int., 2008, 52, 621-633.
Wang, Y.; Yang, Y.; Tian, J.; Liu, J.P. Huperzine A for alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. PLoS One, 2013, 8(9), e74916.
Edlund, C.; Söderberg, M.; Kristensson, K. Isoprenoids in aging and neurodegeneration. Neurochem. Int., 1994, 25, 35-38.
Ibrahim, M.; Farooq, T.; Hussain, N.; Hussain, A.; Gulzar, T.; Hussain, I.; Akash, H.S.M.; Fouzia, S.R. Acetyl and butyryl cholinesterase inhibitory sesquiterpene lactones from Amberboa ramose. Chem. Central. J., 2013, 7, 116.
Murray, A.P.; Faraoni, M.B.; Castro, M.J.; Alza, N.P.; Cavallaro, V. Natural AChE ınhibitors from plants and their contribution to alzheimer's disease therapy. Curr. Neuropharmacol., 2013, 11(4), 388-413.
Jain, M.P.; Sharma, V.K. Phytochemical investigation of roots of Adhatoda Vasica. Plant Medica., 1982, 46, 250.
Elsevier, Shah and Seth. Textbook of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2010, 1, 319-321.
Murray, A.P.; Faraoni, M.B.; Castro, M.J.; Alza, N.P.; Cavallaro, V. Natural AChE ınhibitors from plants and their contribution to alzheimer's disease therapy. Curr. Neuropharmacol., 2013, 11, 388-413.
Wang, B.S.; Wang, H.; Wie, Z.H.; Song, Y.Y.; Zhang, L.; Chen, H.Z. Efficacy and safety of natural acetylcholinesterase inhibitors huperzine A in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: An updated meta-analysis. J. Neural Transmission., 2009, 116, 457-465.
Catto, M.; Pisani, L.; Leonetti, F.; Nicolotti, O.; Pesce, P.; Stefanachi, A.; Cellamare, S.; Carotti, A. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of coumarin alkylamines as potent and selective dual binding site inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2013, 21, 146-152.
Van der zee, E.A.; Platt, B.; Riedel, G. Acetylcholine: future research and perspectives. Behav. Brain Res., 2011, 221, 583-587.
Meng, F.; Mao, F.; Shan, W.; Qin, R. Huang, l.; Li, X. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of indanone derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and metal-chelating agents. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2012, 22, 4462-4466.
Zangara, A. The psychopharmacology of huperzine A: An alkaloid with cognitive enhancing and neuroprotective properties of interest in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 2013, 75, 675-686.
Khanaposhtani, M.M.; Saeedi, M.; Zafarghandi, S.N.; Mahdavi, M.; Sabourian, R.; Razkenari, K.E. Potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking study of acridone linked to 1,2,3-triazole derivatives. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2015, 92, 799-806.
Khoobi, M.; Alipour, M.; Sakhyeman, A.; Nadri, H.; Moradi, A.; Ghandi, M.; Emami, S.; Foroumadi, A. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and docking study of 5-oxo- 4,5-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]chromene derivatives as acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2013, 68, 260-269.
Cummings, J.L.; Askin-Edger, S. Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel heterodimers of donepezil and huperzine fragments as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2000, 13, 385.
Zhu, J.; Wu, F.C.; Li, X.; Wu, S.G. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modelling of substituted 2-aminobenzimidazoles as novel inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2013, 21, 4218-4224.
Leonetti, F.; Catto, M.; Nicolotti, O.; Pisani, L.; Cappa, A.; Stefanachi, A.; Carotti, A. Homo- and hetero-bivalent edrophonium-like ammonium salts as highly potent, dual binding site AChE inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2008, 16, 7450-7456.
Chen, Y.; Fang, L.; Peng, S.; Liao, H.; Lehmann, J. Discovery of a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor by structural- based virtual screening techniques. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2012, 22, 3181.
Liu, S.; Shang, R.; Shi, L.; Wan, C.C.D.; Lin, H. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 7 H-thiazolo [3, 2-b]-1, 2, 4- triazin-7-one derivatives as dual binding site acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2014, 81, 237.
Bukhari, A.N.S.; Ser, M.; Hassan, M.; Masand, H.V.; Mahajan, T.D.; Amjad, W.M. Synthesis of α, β-unsaturated carbonyl based compounds as acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors: Characterization, molecular modeling, QSAR studies and effect against amyloid β-induced cytotoxicity. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2014, 83, 355-365.
Baharloo, F.; Moslemin, H.M.; Mahdevi, M.; Emami, S. Benzofuran-derived benzylpyridinium bromides as potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Euro. J. Med. Chem., 2015, 93, 196-201.
Rights & PermissionsPrintExport Cite as
Current Enzyme Inhibition
Title:Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Derivatives: A Privileged Structural Framework in Drug Discovery to Treat Alzheimer's Disease
VOLUME: 15	ISSUE: 1
Author(s):Monika Bhardwaj, Vaishali M. Patil*, Rakhi Dhiman, Satya P. Gupta and Neeraj Masand
Affiliation:KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, UP, KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, UP, Bharat Institute of Technology, Meerut- 250 103, Uttar Pradesh, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, UP, Department of Pharmacy, Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical College, Meerut-250 001 UP
Keywords:Acetylcholineserase, AChE inhibitors, Alzheimer's disease, Molecular modelling studies, Types of AChE inhibitors, drug discovery.
Abstract:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurological disorder characterised by decrease level of ACh and increased AChE expression. Inhibition of AChE is one of the common strategies to treat AD as it leads to increase Ach level quantitatively at the synaptic cleft. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are used to treat various neurodegenerative disorders, and many are FDA approved for the management and cure of AD. AChEIs produce long term symptomatic effect, that contribute in other pathological mechanisms of the disease (e.g. formation of amyloid–β plaques) and have provided a rationale to the discovery of this class of inhibitors. Currently prescribed AChE inhibitors are Galantamine (natural alkaloid) and Rivastigmine (synthetic alkaloid compound) and have been considered beneficial for the treatment of mild to moderate AD. However, there is a need for the discovery of more effective compounds derived from natural sources as well as form synthetic sources as potential AChEIs. Findings and advances about natural and synthetic derivatives as potential sources of AChEIs will be collectively summarised in this review paper.
Export File:
RIS (for EndNote, Reference Manager, ProCite)
Monika Bhardwaj, Vaishali M. Patil*, Rakhi Dhiman, Satya P. Gupta and Neeraj Masand, "Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Derivatives: A Privileged Structural Framework in Drug Discovery to Treat Alzheimer's Disease", Current Enzyme Inhibition (2019) 15: 8. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573407215666190111150241
https://doi.org/10.2174/1573407215666190111150241 Print ISSN
Bentham Science Publisher Online ISSN
Page: [8 - 21]
DOI: 10.2174/1573407215666190111150241
PDF: 50
HTML: 3
PRC: 1
In Silico Identification of Potential Dynamin-Related Protein 1 Antagonists: Implications for Diseases Involving Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening
The Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor System: G-Protein Mediated Pathways that Modulate Neuronal and Vascular Cellular Injury
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Central Nervous System Agents
Neurodegeneration and the Heat Shock Protein 70 Machinery: Implications for Therapeutic Development
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
The Intranasal Administration of 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): A New Rodent Model to Test Palliative and Neuroprotective Agents for Parkinsons disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Properties and Pathogenicity of Prion-Derived Peptides
Protein & Peptide Letters
An Update on Prion Biology and Proteomics
Current Proteomics
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide in Animal Models of Neurodegenerative Disorders - Implications for Huntington and Parkinsons Diseases
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery
Poloxamer 188 (P188) as a Membrane Resealing Reagent in Biomedical Applications
Recent Patents on Biotechnology
Down-Regulation of Mir-107 Worsen Spatial Memory by Suppressing SYK Expression and Inactivating NF-ΚB Signaling Pathway
Current Alzheimer Research
Peptide Therapeutics in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Current Medicinal Chemistry
TNF-α Inhibition as a Treatment Strategy for Neurodegenerative Disorders: New Drug Candidates and Targets
Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs), Glutathione and Breast Cancer: Factors, Mechanism and Therapeutic Interventions
Current Drug Metabolism
Removing Protein Aggregates: The Role of Proteolysis in Neurodegeneration
Polypeptide and Protein Aggregates with Neurotoxic Properties in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Emphasis on β-Amyloid-Induced Dysfunction of Receptor-Mediated Signal Transduction Pathways
Current Signal Transduction Therapy
PCR/SSCP Detects Reliably and Efficiently DNA Sequence Variations in Large Scale Screening Projects
Endocannabinoid Signaling in Midbrain Dopamine Neurons: More than Physiology?
Current Neuropharmacology
Alzheimers Disease - An Interactive Perspective
Glutamate Receptors as Therapeutic Targets for Parkinsons Disease
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
ROCK in CNS: Different Roles of Isoforms and Therapeutic Target for Neurodegenerative Disorders
Current Drug Targets
Recent Approaches Targeting Beta-Amyloid for Therapeutic Intervention of Alzheimer's disease
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued)
Journal Insight
Best viewed in © 2019 Bentham Science Publishers


text:
Products tagged "Action Queue"
Gloomhaven: Jaws of the Lion
Libertalia: Winds of Galecrest
Radlands
Gloomhaven is a game of Euro-inspired tactical combat in a persistent world of shifting motives. Players will take on the role of a wandering adventurer with their own special set of skills and their own reasons for travelling to this dark corner of the world. Players must work together out of necessity to clear out menacing dungeons and forgotten ruins. In the process, they will enhance their abilities with experience and loot, discover new locations to explore and plunder, and expand an ever-branching story fueled by the decisions they make.
You are a member of "Jaws of the Lion", one of the most infamous mercenary groups in this run-down backwater city of Gloomhaven. When a sinister cabal starts disappearing the less fortunate of the city, it somehow falls to you to get to the bottom of it….so long as you get paid for your trouble.
Gloomhaven Jaws of the Lion is a fully stand-alone, and cooperative, campaign game of tactical combat set in the same unique fantasy world of its #1 rated* predecessor Gloomhaven.
In the world of Galecrest, sky pirates set sail on the winds in search of adventure, treasure, and glory. As an admiral, you command a vast and varied crew … but so do your rivals sailing other ships in the pirate fleet. Each day the fleet lands on a different island where you'll send a crew member to collect your share of the loot, hoping they'll return to boost your growing group of characters.
Radlands is a competitive, dueling card game about identifying fiercely powerful card synergies.
Act as the leader of your post apocalyptic group of survivors in a tooth-and-nail fight to protect your three camps from a vicious rival tribe. If all of them are destroyed, you lose the game.
The main resource in the game is water. You will spend it to play people and events, and to use the abilities of cards you already have on the table. People protect your camps and provide useful abilities, while events are powerful effects that take time to pay off.
Both players draw cards from the same deck. All cards can either be played to the table or discarded for quick "junk" effects. To win, you will need to manage your cards and water wisely.
Root is a game of woodland might and right. Stalk the woods as one of the Vagabonds, seize the initiative with the Eyrie birds of prey, rule over your subjects as the Marquise de Cat, or command the Woodland Alliance to create a new order. With creatures and cunning, you'll rule a fantastic forest kingdom in the ultimate asymmetric game of adventure and war.


text:
Title: Ocelot
Subject: Leopardus, Felidae, Belize Zoo, Felid hybrid, Crepuscular
Collection: Animals Described in 1758, Felids of Central America, Leopardus, Mammals of Central America, Mammals of Costa Rica, Mammals of Guatemala, Mammals of Guyana, Mammals of Mexico, Mammals of North America, Mammals of South America, Mammals of the United States, Megafauna of North America, Megafauna of South America
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Genus: Leopardus
Species: L. pardalis
Leopardus pardalis[2]
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Ocelot range
The ocelot (; Leopardus pardalis), also known as the dwarf leopard, is a wild cat distributed extensively within South America including the islands of Trinidad and Margarita, Central America, and Mexico. It has been reported as far north as Texas.[2][3] North of Mexico, it is found regularly only in the extreme southern part of Texas,[4] although there are rare sightings in southern Arizona.[5]
The ocelot is similar in appearance to a domestic cat. Its fur resembles that of a clouded leopard or jaguar and was once regarded as particularly valuable. As a result, hundreds of thousands of ocelots were once killed for their fur. The feline was classified as a vulnerable species from 1972 until 1996, and is now listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.
Taxonomy 2
Subspecies 2.1
Characteristics 3
Ecology and behavior 4
Reproduction and life cycle 4.1
Distribution and habitat 5
Threats 6
As pets 7
The name ocelot comes from the Nahuatl word ōcēlōtl (pronounced ), which usually refers to the jaguar (Panthera onca) rather than the ocelot.[6][7][8]
The ocelot's genus Leopardus consists of nine species similar to the ocelot, such as Geoffroy's cat and the margay, which are also endemic to South and Central America. All of the cats in Leopardus are spotted, lithe, and small, with the ocelot being the biggest.
The following are the currently recognized subspecies of ocelot:[2]
Leopardus pardalis pardalis, Amazon Rainforest
Leopardus pardalis aequatorialis, northern Andes and Central America
Leopardus pardalis albescens, eastern Mexico, southern Texas
Leopardus pardalis melanurus, Venezuela, Guyana, Trinidad
Leopardus pardalis mitis, Argentina, Paraguay
Leopardus pardalis nelsoni, southwestern Mexico
Leopardus pardalis pseudopardalis, Colombia
Leopardus pardalis puseaus, Ecuador
Leopardus pardalis sonoriensis, northwestern Mexico, southern Arizona
Leopardus pardalis steinbachi, Bolivia
Certain ocelot subspecies are officially endangered, although the species as a whole is not.
Profile.
The ocelot ranges from 68 to 100 centimetres (27 to 39 in) in length, plus 26 to 45 centimeters (10 to 18 in) in tail length, and typically weighs 8 to 18 kilograms (18 to 40 lb), although much larger individuals have occasionally been recorded,[9][10][11] making it the largest of the Leopardus genus. It has sleek, smooth fur, rounded ears and relatively large front paws. While similar in appearance to the oncilla and margay, which inhabit the same region, the ocelot is larger.
The coat pattern of ocelots can vary, being anything from cream to reddish-brown in color, or sometimes grayish, and marked with black rosettes. In many individuals, some of the spots, especially on the back, blend together to form irregular curved stripes or bands. The fur is short, and paler than the rest of the coat beneath. There are also single white spots, called ocelli, on the backs of the ears. Two black stripes line both sides of the face, and the long tail is banded by black.
Ecology and behavior
Captive ocelot
The ocelot is mostly nocturnal and territorial. It will fight fiercely, sometimes to the death, in territorial disputes. In addition, the cat marks its territory with urine. Like most felines, it is solitary, usually meeting only to mate. However, during the day it rests in trees or other dense foliage, and occasionally shares its spot with another ocelot of the same sex. Males occupy territories of 3.5 to 46 square kilometers (1.4 to 17.8 sq mi), while females occupy smaller, non-overlapping territories of 0.8 to 15 square kilometers (0.31 to 5.79 sq mi). Territories are marked by urine spraying and by leaving feces in prominent locations, sometimes favoring particular latrine sites.[10]
Barro Colorado Island holds the highest ocelot density recorded: between 1.59-1.74 ocelots per km2 (0.62 mi2), probably due to high number of prey, artificial lake, increased protection from poaching, and lack of large predators, such as cougars and jaguars, though they temporarily visit the island.[12][13]
Ocelots hunt over a range of 18 km2 (6.9 sq mi), taking mostly small animals, including mammals, lizards, turtles, and frogs, crabs, birds, and fish.[14] Almost all of the prey that the ocelot hunts is far smaller than itself, with rodents, rabbits, and opossums forming the largest part of the diet.[10] Results of studies suggest that it follows and finds prey via odor trails, but the ocelot also has very good vision, including night vision.
Reproduction and life cycle
Ocelots mate at any time of year, but have litters only once every other year. The female may mate again shortly after losing a litter. When in estrus, she is sexually receptive for between seven to 10 days. After mating, she looks for a den in a cave in a rocky bluff, hollow tree, or a dense, preferably thorny, thicket. Gestation lasts 79 to 82 days, and usually results in the birth of a single kitten with closed eyes and a thin covering of hair. Litters of two or three kittens also occur, but are less common. The small litter size and relative infrequency of breeding make the ocelot particularly vulnerable to population loss.[10]
Compared with other small cats, ocelot kittens grow quite slowly. They weigh around 250 grams (8.8 oz) at birth, and do not open their eyes for 15 to 18 days. They begin to leave the den at three months, but remain with their mother for up to two years, before dispersing to establish their own territory. Ocelots live for up to 20 years in captivity.[10]
Distribution and habitat
Moche Ocelot. 200 A.D. Larco Museum Collection Lima, Peru
The ocelot is distributed extensively over South America (including the islands of Margarita and Trinidad), Central America, and Mexico with a small population in southern Texas.[2][3][15][16] Countries in this range are: Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United States and Venezuela. The cat is likely extinct in Uruguay.[1]
Ocelots only inhabit areas with relatively dense vegetation cover, although they may occasionally hunt in more open areas at night. They are found in tropical forest, thorn forest, mangrove swamps and savanna, at elevations ranging up to 1,200 meters (3,900 ft).[10]
The ocelot once inhabited the chaparral thickets of the Gulf Coast of south and eastern Texas, and could be found in Arizona, Louisiana, and Arkansas.[17] In the United States, it now ranges only in several small areas of dense thicket in South Texas and is rarely sighted in Arizona. On November 7, 2009, an ocelot was photographed in the mountains of Cochise County, Arizona. This was the first such verifiable evidence of the feline's presence in the state.[18] In February 2011, the Arizona Game and Fish Department confirmed the sighting of another ocelot in the Huachuca Mountains of southern Arizona.[19] Most surviving Texas ocelots are in the shrublands remaining at or near the Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge near Brownsville, where only 30-35 animals remain.[20]
The remnant U.S. ocelot population in south Texas has declined from 80-120 individuals in 1995 to less than 50 in recent years, with about half of ocelot deaths resulting from automobile accidents.[21][22]
In Trinidad, habitat fragmentation, as well as direct exploitation via illegal poaching are major threats to the survival of the remnant populations of ocelots on the island. No empirical studies have been conducted to reliably estimate population status on the island. Historical records indicate that the species once existed on the island of Tobago, but it has long been extirpated there.
As pets
Salvador Dalí and Babou the ocelot
Like many wild cats, ocelots are occasionally kept as pets. Salvador Dalí frequently traveled with his pet ocelot Babou,[23] even bringing it aboard the luxury ocean liner SS France.[24]
Musician Gram Parsons kept an ocelot as a pet in the back yard swimming pool area of his family's Winter Haven, Florida, home, during his teens, in the mid-1960s.[25]
The Moche people of ancient Peru worshipped animals and often depicted the ocelot in their art.[26]
^ a b Caso, A., Lopez-Gonzalez, C., Payan, E., Eizirik, E., de Oliveira, T., Leite-Pitman, R., Kelly, M. & Valderrama, C. (2008). "Leopardus pardalis".
^ a b c d Wozencraft, W.C. (2005). "Order Carnivora". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 538.
^ a b Ocelot. The Animal Files. Retrieved on 2012-04-10.
^ "The Nature Conservancy in Texas – Mammals – Ocelot". nature.org.
^ "Leopardus pardalis"North American Mammals – Carnivora – Felidae – . Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 2010-02-23.
^ "ocelot, n.". Oxford English Dictionary. 2004.
^ Burnie, D.; D. E. Wilson (2001). Animal: The Definitive Visual Guide to the World's Wildlife. New York City: Dorling Kindersley.
^ a b c d e f Sunquist, M.; Sunquist, F. (2002). Wild cats of the World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 120–129.
^ Moreno, R. S.; Kays, R. W.; Samudio, R. (2006). ) decline"Panthera onca) after jaguar (Puma concolor) and puma (Leopardus pardalis"Competitive release in diets of ocelot ( (PDF). Journal of Mammalogy 87 (4): 808–816.
^ "Comparison of noninvasive genetics and camera trapping for estimating population density of ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama" (PDF). Tropical Conservation Science 7(4): 690–705. 19 August 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
^ Hance, Jeremy (December 18, 2014). "Ocelots live in super densities on Barro Colorado Island". Retrieved March 2015.
^ Briggs, M.; P. Briggs (2006). The Encyclopedia of World Wildlife. Parragon Books.
^ Trinidad. Paria Springs. Retrieved on 2011-09-15.
^ "News Release, March 2014 - Laguna Atascosa - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service". Fws.gov. Retrieved 2014-04-21.
^ Mammals: Ocelot The San Diego Zoo
^ "Rare ocelot photographed in southern Arizona". Associated Press. 17 April 2010.
^ "Rare ocelot observed in southern Arizona". Arizona Game and Fish Department. 9 February 2011.
^ "Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis)". Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
^ Ocelot (PDF) (Report). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
^ Steve Sinclair (2013-10-10). "Current Sightings: Plight of the ocelot: Endangered cat's future uncertain". The Coastal Current. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
^ Dali with Capitain Moore and Ocelot – Vintage photo. Ecademy.com. Retrieved on 2011-09-15.
^ Huggler, Justin. "Chic ship too toxic for scrapping". ssMaritime.com. Archived from the original on 2007-02-21.
^ "Return of the grievous angel: New bio of Gram Parsons offers tragic insights" (PDF).
IUCN / SCC Cat Specialist Group: Ocelot
National Geographic Society: Ocelot
Ocelot Behavior & Care, by Mindy Stinner
Ecology of the Ocelot and Margay
Extant Carnivora species
Infraclass: Eutheria
Superorder: Laurasiatheria
Suborder Feliformia
Nandiniidae
Nandinia
African palm civet (N. binotata)
Herpestidae
(Mongooses)
Atilax
Marsh mongoose (A. paludinosus)
Bdeogale
Bushy-tailed mongoose (B. crassicauda)
Jackson's mongoose (B. jacksoni)
Black-footed mongoose (B. nigripes)
Crossarchus
Alexander's kusimanse (C. alexandri)
Angolan kusimanse (C. ansorgei)
Common kusimanse (C. obscurus)
Flat-headed kusimanse (C. platycephalus)
Cynictis
Yellow mongoose (C. penicillata)
Dologale
Pousargues's mongoose (D. dybowskii)
Galerella
Angolan slender mongoose (G. flavescens)
Black mongoose (G. nigrata)
Somalian slender mongoose (G. ochracea)
Cape gray mongoose (G. pulverulenta)
Slender mongoose (G. sanguinea)
Helogale
Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (H. hirtula)
Common dwarf mongoose (H. parvula)
Herpestes
Short-tailed mongoose (H. brachyurus)
Indian gray mongoose (H. edwardsii)
Indian brown mongoose (H. fuscus)
Egyptian mongoose (H. ichneumon)
Small Asian mongoose (H. javanicus)
Long-nosed mongoose (H. naso)
Collared mongoose (H. semitorquatus)
Ruddy mongoose (H. smithii)
Crab-eating mongoose (H. urva)
Stripe-necked mongoose (H. vitticollis)
Ichneumia
White-tailed mongoose (I. albicauda)
Liberiictus
Liberian mongoose (L. kuhni)
Mungos
Gambian mongoose (M. gambianus)
Banded mongoose (M. mungo)
Paracynictis
Selous' mongoose (P. selousi)
Rhynchogale
Meller's mongoose (R. melleri)
Meerkat (S. suricatta)
(Hyenas)
Spotted hyena (C. crocuta)
Brown hyena (H. brunnea)
Striped hyena (H. hyaena)
Proteles
Aardwolf (P. cristatus)
Large family listed below
Viverridae
Eupleridae
Small family listed below
Family Felidae
Felinae
Acinonyx
Cheetah (A. jubatus)
Caracal (C. caracal)
African golden cat (C. aurata)
Catopuma
Bay cat (C. badia)
Asian golden cat (C. temminckii)
Chinese mountain cat (F. bieti)
Domestic cat (F. catus)
Jungle cat (F. chaus)
Sand cat (F. margarita)
Black-footed cat (F. nigripes)
Wildcat (F. silvestris)
Leopardus
Pantanal cat (L. braccatus)
Colocolo (L. colocolo)
Geoffroy's cat (L. geoffroyi)
Kodkod (L. guigna)
Southern tigrina (L. guttulus)
Andean mountain cat (L. jacobita)
Pampas cat (L. pajeros)
Ocelot (L. pardalis)
Oncilla (L. tigrinus)
Margay (L. wiedii)
Leptailurus
Serval (L. serval)
Canadian lynx (L. canadensis)
Eurasian lynx (L. lynx)
Iberian lynx (L. pardinus)
Bobcat (L. rufus)
Otocolobus
Pallas's cat (O. manul)
Pardofelis
Marbled cat (P. marmorata)
Prionailurus
Leopard cat (P. bengalensis)
Flat-headed cat (P. planiceps)
Rusty-spotted cat (P. rubiginosus)
Fishing cat (P. viverrinus)
Cougar (P. concolor)
Jaguarundi (P. yagouaroundi)
Lion (P. leo)
Jaguar (P. onca)
Leopard (P. pardus)
Tiger (P. tigris)
Snow leopard (P. uncia)
Neofelis
Clouded leopard (N. nebulosa)
Sunda clouded leopard (N. diardi)
Family Viverridae (includes Civets)
Paradoxurinae
Arctictis
Binturong (A. binturong)
Arctogalidia
Small-toothed palm civet (A. trivirgata)
Macrogalidia
Sulawesi palm civet (M. musschenbroekii)
Paguma
Masked palm civet (P. larvata)
Paradoxurus
Golden wet-zone palm civet (P. aureus)
Asian palm civet (P. hermaphroditus)
Jerdon's palm civet (P. jerdoni)
Golden palm civet (P. zeylonensis)
Hemigalinae
Chrotogale
Owston's palm civet (C. owstoni)
Cynogale
Otter civet (C. bennettii)
Diplogale
Hose's palm civet (D. hosei)
Banded palm civet (H. derbyanus)
Prionodontinae
(Asiatic linsangs)
Prionodon
Banded linsang (P. linsang)
Spotted linsang (P. pardicolor)
Viverrinae
Civettictis
African civet (C. civetta)
Genetta
(Genets)
Abyssinian genet (G. abyssinica)
Angolan genet (G. angolensis)
Bourlon's genet (G. bourloni)
Crested servaline genet (G. cristata)
Common genet (G. genetta)
Johnston's genet (G. johnstoni)
Rusty-spotted genet (G. maculata)
Pardine genet (G. pardina)
Aquatic genet (G. piscivora)
King genet (G. poensis)
Servaline genet (G. servalina)
Haussa genet (G. thierryi)
Cape genet (G. tigrina)
Giant forest genet (G. victoriae)
African linsang (P. richardsonii)
Leighton's linsang (P. leightoni)
Viverra
Malabar large-spotted civet (V. civettina)
Large-spotted civet (V. megaspila)
Malayan civet (V. tangalunga)
Large Indian civet (V. zibetha)
Viverricula
Small Indian civet (V. indica)
Family Eupleridae
Euplerinae
Cryptoprocta
Fossa (C. ferox)
Eupleres
Falanouc (E. goudotii)
Western falanouc (E. major)
Malagasy civet (F. fossana)
Galidiinae
Galidia
Ring-tailed mongoose (G. elegans)
Galidictis
Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (G. fasciata)
Grandidier's mongoose (G. grandidieri)
Mungotictis
Narrow-striped mongoose (M. decemlineata)
Salanoia
Brown-tailed mongoose (S. concolor)
Durrell's vontsira (S. durrelli)
Suborder Caniformia (cont. below)
Ursidae
(Bears)
Giant panda (A. melanoleuca)
Helarctos
Sun bear (H. malayanus)
Melursus
Sloth bear (M. ursinus)
Tremarctos
Spectacled bear (T. ornatus)
American black bear (U. americanus)
Brown bear (U. arctos)
Polar bear (U. maritimus)
Asian black bear (U. thibetanus)
Mephitidae
(Skunks)
Conepatus
(Hog-nosed
skunks)
Molina's hog-nosed skunk (C. chinga)
Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (C. humboldtii)
American hog-nosed skunk (C. leuconotus)
Striped hog-nosed skunk (C. semistriatus)
Mephitis
Hooded skunk (M. macroura)
Striped skunk (M. mephitis)
Sunda stink badger (M. javanensis)
Palawan stink badger (M. marchei)
Spilogale
(Spotted skunks)
Southern spotted skunk (S. angustifrons)
Western spotted skunk (S. gracilis)
Eastern spotted skunk (S. putorius)
Pygmy spotted skunk (S. pygmaea)
Procyonidae
Bassaricyon
(Olingos)
Eastern lowland olingo (B. alleni)
Northern olingo (B. gabbii)
Western lowland olingo (B. medius)
Olinguito (B. neblina)
Bassariscus
Ring-tailed cat (B. astutus)
Cacomistle (B. sumichrasti)
Nasua
(Coatis inclusive)
White-nosed coati (N. narica)
South American coati (N. nasua)
Nasuella
Western mountain coati (N. olivacea)
Eastern mountain coati (N. meridensis)
Kinkajou (P. flavus)
Crab-eating raccoon (P. cancrivorus)
Raccoon (P. lotor)
Cozumel raccoon (P. pygmaeus)
Ailuridae
Ailurus
Red panda (A. fulgens)
Suborder Caniformia (cont. above)
Otariidae
(Eared seals)
(includes fur seals
and sea lions)
(Pinniped inclusive)
Arctocephalus
South American fur seal (A. australis)
Australasian fur seal (A. forsteri)
Galápagos fur seal (A. galapagoensis)
Antarctic fur seal (A. gazella)
Juan Fernández fur seal (A. philippii)
Brown fur seal (A. pusillus)
Guadalupe fur seal (A. townsendi)
Subantarctic fur seal (A. tropicalis)
Callorhinus
Northern fur seal (C. ursinus)
Eumetopias
Steller sea lion (E. jubatus)
Neophoca
Australian sea lion (N. cinerea)
South American sea lion (O. flavescens)
Phocarctos
New Zealand sea lion (P. hookeri)
California sea lion (Z. californianus)
Galápagos sea lion (Z. wollebaeki)
Odobenidae
Odobenus
Walrus (O. rosmarus)
Phocidae
(Earless seals)
Cystophora
Hooded seal (C. cristata)
Erignathus
Bearded seal (E. barbatus)
Halichoerus
Gray seal (H. grypus)
Histriophoca
Ribbon seal (H. fasciata)
Hydrurga
Leopard seal (H. leptonyx)
Leptonychotes
Weddell seal (L. weddellii)
Lobodon
Crabeater seal (L. carcinophagus)
Mirounga
(Elephant seals)
Northern elephant seal (M. angustirostris)
Southern elephant seal (M. leonina)
Monachus
Mediterranean monk seal (M. monachus)
Hawaiian monk seal (M. schauinslandi)
Ommatophoca
Ross seal (O. rossi)
Harp seal (P. groenlandicus)
Phoca
Spotted seal (P. largha)
Harbor seal (P. vitulina)
Caspian seal (P. caspica)
Ringed seal (P. hispida)
Baikal seal (P. sibirica)
Family Canidae (includes Dogs)
Atelocynus
Short-eared dog (A. microtis)
Side-striped jackal (C. adustus)
African golden wolf (C. anthus)
Golden jackal (C. aureus)
Coyote (C. latrans)
Gray wolf (C. lupus)
Black-backed jackal (C. mesomelas)
Red wolf (C. rufus)
Ethiopian wolf (C. simensis)
Cerdocyon
Crab-eating fox (C. thous)
Chrysocyon
Maned wolf (C. brachyurus)
Cuon
Dhole (C. alpinus)
Lycalopex
Culpeo (L. culpaeus)
Darwin's fox (L. fulvipes)
South American gray fox (L. griseus)
Pampas fox (L. gymnocercus)
Sechuran fox (L. sechurae)
Hoary fox (L. vetulus)
African wild dog (L. pictus)
Nyctereutes
Raccoon dog (N. procyonoides)
Otocyon
Bat-eared fox (O. megalotis)
Speothos
Bush dog (S. venaticus)
Urocyon
Gray fox (U. cinereoargenteus)
Island fox (U. littoralis)
(Foxes)
Bengal fox (V. bengalensis)
Blanford's fox (V. cana)
Cape fox (V. chama)
Corsac fox (V. corsac)
Tibetan sand fox (V. ferrilata)
Arctic fox (V. lagopus)
Kit fox (V. macrotis)
Pale fox (V. pallida)
Rüppell's fox (V. rueppelli)
Swift fox (V. velox)
Red fox (V. vulpes)
Fennec fox (V. zerda)
Family Mustelidae
Lutrinae
(Otters)
Aonyx
African clawless otter (A. capensis)
Oriental small-clawed otter (A. cinerea)
Enhydra
Sea otter (E. lutris)
Hydrictis
Spotted-necked otter (H. maculicollis)
North American river otter (L. canadensis)
Marine otter (L. felina)
Neotropical otter (L. longicaudis)
Southern river otter (L. provocax)
European otter (L. lutra)
Hairy-nosed otter (L. sumatrana)
Lutrogale
Smooth-coated otter (L. perspicillata)
Pteronura
Giant otter (P. brasiliensis)
Mustelinae
(including badgers)
Arctonyx
Hog badger (A. collaris)
Tayra (E. barbara)
Galictis
Lesser grison (G. cuja)
Greater grison (G. vittata)
Wolverine (G. gulo)
Ictonyx
Saharan striped polecat (I. libyca)
Striped polecat (I. striatus)
Lyncodon
Patagonian weasel (L. patagonicus)
(Martens)
American marten (M. americana)
Yellow-throated marten (M. flavigula)
Beech marten (M. foina)
Nilgiri marten (M. gwatkinsii)
European pine marten (M. martes)
Japanese marten (M. melampus)
Fisher (M. pennanti)
Sable (M. zibellina)
Japanese badger (M. anakuma)
Asian badger (M. leucurus)
European badger (M. meles)
Honey badger (M. capensis)
Melogale
(Ferret-badgers)
Bornean ferret-badger (M. everetti)
Chinese ferret-badger (M. moschata)
Javan ferret-badger (M. orientalis)
Burmese ferret-badger (M. personata)
(Weasels and Ferrets)
Amazon weasel (M. africana)
Mountain weasel (M. altaica)
Stoat (M. erminea)
Steppe polecat (M. eversmannii)
Colombian weasel (M. felipei)
Long-tailed weasel (M. frenata)
Japanese weasel (M. itatsi)
Yellow-bellied weasel (M. kathiah)
European mink (M. lutreola)
Indonesian mountain weasel (M. lutreolina)
Black-footed ferret (M. nigripes)
Least weasel (M. nivalis)
Malayan weasel (M. nudipes)
European polecat (M. putorius)
Siberian weasel (M. sibirica)
Back-striped weasel (M. strigidorsa)
Egyptian weasel (M. subpalmata)
Neovison
(Minks)
American mink (N. vison)
Poecilogale
African striped weasel (P. albinucha)
Taxidea
American badger (T. taxus)
Vormela
Marbled polecat (V. peregusna)
IUCN Red List least concern species
Articles with unsourced statements from March 2011
Animals described in 1758
Felids of Central America
Mammals of Costa Rica
Mammals of Guatemala
Mammals of Guyana
Mammals of Mexico
Mammals of North America
Mammals of South America
Mammals of the United States
Megafauna of North America
Megafauna of South America
United States, Mexico City, New Spain, North America, Spanish Empire
Handbook of Texas, Houston, Dallas, New Mexico, Oklahoma
Argentina, Arizona, Colombia, Panthera, Mexico
Argentina, Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil, Peru
Panama, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Belize
Animal, Carnivora, Jaguar, Cat, Walrus
Pantherinae, Jaguar, Cat, Felis, Smilodon
Belize Zoo
Jaguar, Belize, Zoo, Biodiversity, Extinction
Felid hybrid
Export, Gene, Panthera hybrid, Caracal, Margay
Latin, Galápagos Islands, Animal, Twilight, Diurnality


Helena Valley residents who are worried about flooding can now check groundwater levels in parts of the valley using an interactive, online map developed by the Lewis and Clark County Water Quality Protection District (WQPD).
The map website also gives people a way to report flooding incidents, whether on their own property or elsewhere in the valley. And it contains links to other flood-related resources, including those of the U.S. Geological Survey and National Weather Service.
You can find a link to the map at www.LewisAndClarkHealth.org.
The map shows groundwater levels at 15 locations between Silver Creek and Tenmile Creek, east of Interstate 15. WQPD staff got permission from private homeowners to measure the groundwater levels in their wells. WQPD will update measurements on the map weekly, or more often during actual flooding.
For more information, contact McBroom at 406-457-8584 or jmcbroom@lccountymt.gov.


text:
import CoinGecko = require("coingecko-api");

const client = new CoinGecko();

(async () => {
    await client.ping();
    await client.global();

    /**
     * coins
     */
    const resp = await client.coins.fetchMarketChartRange("pickle-finance", {
        vs_currency: "usd",
        from: 1620864000,
        to: 1620864000,
    });
    const { data, success, code, message } = resp;

    await client.coins.all({ order: "gecko_asc", page: 2 });

    /**
     * simple
     */
    await client.simple.price({ ids: ["pickle-finance", "ethereum"], vs_currencies: "usd" });
})();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Hi! My name is Ana Vieira and I'm a Portuguese girl.
I have a bachelor in Economics and I'm currently taking a Master in Data Analytics.
Since the early beginnings of blogs on the internet, I found myself fascinated with the possibility of sharing your thoughts and passions online. After years following my favorite bloggers and after some failed blogs, I decided to create this place in 2012.
Since then, this blog was already called Run Your World and Coco Made Me Do This.
Later, I decided it was time for a change and named it A Maria Rita. Here I talk about my passions, I talk about me.


text:
Asia News is LIVE online
Article Updated:	September 30, 2017
Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia ..
Antarctica News is LIVE online
Australia News is LIVE online
Global Priorities Small News
Security Store
Thousand Oaks assailant 'just pulled out a gun and shot my friend,' witness says
A witness said early Thursday that the gunman in the Thousand Oaks shooting was dressed in black when…
9. Top 10 Best Reporters
Journalism is not a job for the weak-hearted or the money-seeker and despite that, it is not hard to…
TULSA, Okla. (KTUL) - Tulsa police say they arrested a man Monday for severely beating his pregnant…
How to Build and Maintain Trust Before and After a Security Breach
How to Build and Maintain Trust Before and After a Security Breach In the last two or three years, cyber…
3 Fast-Growing Cybersecurity Stocks to Consider
The future of technology is all about connecting devices to enhance the user experience. That's why…
Forcepoint pushes 'human-centric cybersecurity' approach
BOSTON -- Forcepoint believes it's time for a more human-centric cybersecurity approach, and the company…
The Middle East is a geographical and cultural region located primarily in western Asia, but also in…
4 Lucrative Defense Stocks to Add to Your Portfolio Now
U.S. defense stocks have been riding high ever since President Trump entered the Oval Office. Impressively,…
Kratos Defense Doesn't Pay a Dividend, and Investors Should Be Glad
I love companies that pay big dividends -- except when I don't. Don't get me wrong. It's…
Turkey News
The Middle East is a geographical and cultural region located primarily in western Asia, but also in parts of northern Africa and southeastern Europe
4.Top 10 Most Expensive Useless Things
Why should we help to starving children in poor countries if we can spend half a million dollars to buy a box of chocolates or a mobile phone for 1.3 million? Unfortunately, some rich men think so. Today I represent 10 of the most expensive useless things in the…
Suriname, is a sovereign state on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America. It is bordered by French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west and Brazil to the south. At just under 165,000 square kilometers (64,000 square miles), it is the smallest country…
Amtrak derailment in Kansas: 5 cars on their side
Five cars of an Amtrak train derailed early Monday in Kansas, resulting in multiple injuries, the state Highway Patrol says...
How Do Non-Profits Affect The Economy?
The labor force is projected to grow over the next 10 years. The population of the USA is growing more slowly than.
30 Sep 2017 10.09 am
Venezuela, is a federal republic located…
Two arrested after shots fired on 118 Freeway…
12 Oct 2017 2.48 pm
A man and a woman were arrested late Tuesday…
Other show about the economy's gradual but continued improvement
05 Oct 2017 7.58 am
The economy's gradual but continued improvement…


Executive Session Minutes for Approval Only – March 13, 2001 Council Minutes – March 20, 2001 Workshop Minutes – March 27, 2001 Executive Session Minutes for Release – 9/21/99, 10/12/99, 10/26/99, 6/20/00, 11/14/00, 11/28/00, 12/12/00 Commissioner McConnell said she had a correction to page 5 of the Workshop Minutes. Regarding the goals, Commissioner McConnell said it needs to be clear that the view from the street is to remain essentially the same with the tree-lined streets and that the ambiance and character needs to be maintained from the street level.
George Swimmer, 4905 Main Street, said he is very involved in the community. He is a member of the DuPage Railroad Safety Council, the Belmont Grade Separation Task Force, and a Downers Grove elected committeeman. He said he gave the Council, Mayor Krajewski and Mayor Cheever a great deal of credit for revitalizing the downtown area. He thanked the Council for their dedication. Regarding the development of the downtown area, Mr. Swimmer said he thinks it is wrong for the Village to threaten eminent domain of property for investment purposes or for parking lots. He said there is much space in the downtown area now that is publicly owned.
Mr. Swimmer then addressed railroad safety. Saturday night at Belmont Avenue a woman was killed at the Metra station. He referred to other accidents involving a train passing a stopped train. He said it is not possible for these types of occurrences to occur in Elmhurst and Wheaton because the operating procedures will not allow a train to pass a stopped or parked train in a station. He said the Council should look at why trains on the Burlington tracks constantly pass standing trains when trains on the Rock Island and Union Pacific tracks are not allowed to do this. He said this is very bothersome to him and he has complained about it for years.
BIL00 -00399 List of Bills Payable: No. 5375, April 3, 2001 Sponsors: Accounting Commissioner McConnell questioned item 15990 on page 12.
RES00 -00438 Resolution: Motor Fuel Tax Sponsors: Public Works Summary of Item: This will authorize the acceptance from the Illinois Department of Transportation of $1,350,000.00 in Motor Fuel Tax funds for use in maintaining the roadways in Downers Grove.
Mayor Krajewski said that on Thursday, March 15, 2001, a public hearing was held by the Liquor Commission to determine whether the following liquor license should be revoked and/or suspended by reason of certain violations of the Downers Grove Liquor Ordinance. Mayor Krajewski said he has made his Findings and Order, and the liquor license of Riprocks, located at 3131 Finley Road, will be suspended for one day beginning at 12:01 a.m. on Thursday, April 26, 2001 until 11:59 p.m. on Thursday, April 26, 2001 and Riprocks shall be fined $1,000.00. During this date of suspension, no liquor may be sold from the premises.
2. The Mayor said the Chamber of Commerce Business and Village Directory was delivered over the weekend to every household in Downers Grove. Anyone who did not receive a copy can call the Chamber of Commerce at 968-4050. Copies are also available at the Village Hall.
3. The Mayor said on Sunday, April 8, 2001 from 2:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m., the Harlem Wizards will be playing basketball in an event sponsored by the PTA Council at Downers Grove South High School. Over 1,600 tickets have been sold. Tickets will be available at the door.
The Manager said he was pleased to accept an award from the American Public Works Association for Phase II of the Downtown Redevelopment Project. The award was given for Historical Presentation/Restoration in the $10 million range. Mr. McCurdy said he, Public Works Director Jack Bajor, Dave Conley and Bob Shoger were at the presentation. This project will be submitted to the national level.
The Mayor congratulated the staff.
Regarding the ordinance authorizing disconnection of the Southeast corner of 60th Street and Fairview Avenue from the Village, Attorney Dan Blondin said he is working on an amendment to the Westmont Boundary agreement. As this will not be ready to include in the ordinance, he will be reporting to the Council before April 17 to determine whether the Council wishes to delay the ordinance until completion of the boundary agreement amendment. He said it would be approximately one month before the amendment comes before the Council at a Workshop meeting.
RES00 -00415 Resolution: Amend Employee Administrative Rules and Regulations Sponsors: Human Resources Summary of Item: This will authorize adoption of the Village of Downers Grove Employee Administrative Rules and Regulations dated April 17, 2001.
RES00 -00440 Resolution: Amend Employment Classification Plan Sponsors: Human Resources Summary of Item: This will authorize adoption of the Village of Downers Grove Employment Classification Plan dated April 17, 2001.
RES00 -00434 Resolution: Authorize Agreement with Gas Technology Institute and City of Chicago for Construction of Compressed Natural Gas Fueling Facility Sponsors: Deputy Village Manager Summary of Item: This shall authorize an agreement between the Institute of Gas Technology, the City of Chicago and the Village of Downers Grove for receipt of CMAQ funding for funds for the installation of a CNG fueling station at the Villager's Public Works Facility. Note, the Village must also contribute funding in the amount of $56,250.00 as a condition of receiving the grant.
RES00 -00435 Resolution: Authorize Agreement with City of Chicago for CMAQ Grant Funds re: CNG Fueling Facility Sponsors: Deputy Village Manager Summary of Item: This shall authorize an agreement between the City of Chicago and the Village of Downers Grove for receipt of CMAQ funding in relation to the CNG fueling station.
Attorney Blondin said as part of the election process in Illinois, the local Canvassing Board must certify the election results within a week of the election. The practice of the Council has been to have the Canvassing Board meet either before or after the next Council meeting after the election, which would be next week. The Canvassing Board is made up of the Mayor, the Village Clerk and one other Council member. It has been the tradition to name as the third member of the Canvassing Board the senior Council member who is not running in the election. Currently the Canvassing Board consists of the Mayor, the Village Clerk and Commissioner Sisul. Since Commissioner Sisul is also a candidate, Attorney Blondin recommended the Council adopt a motion to appoint the next senior Council member who is not a candidate, which would be Commissioner Gilbert, as the third member of the Canvassing Board. Staff will contact the Canvassing Board to schedule a meeting just before or after the next week's Council meeting.
Commissioner Schnell moved to appoint Commissioner Gilbert to the Canvassing Board. Commissioner Sisul seconded.
Commissioner McConnell said the next Downers Grove Character Counts Coalition meeting will be held on Wednesday, April 11, 2001 at 7:00 p.m. in the Public Works Facility at 5101 Walnut. The agenda is to finalize the mission statement and action plan. She invited the public to attend.
Commissioner Gilbert said there are 85 days until the 2001 Heritage Festival.
Commissioner Sisul commented about the election. He said he appreciated the public's attention and interest in the campaign. He said the candidates appreciated the general civility of the campaign. He urged the public to support the winners.
Mayor Krajewski declared the motion carried and the Council convened into Executive Session at 6:50 p.m.


Jumpsuits are quickly becoming a closet staple and Taylor should be part of the lineup. A fitted bodice and cropped wide-leg pants complements your figure while the zipper in the front adds a subtle, yet function detail to elevate the desigin. Wear Taylor for a variety of occasions and feel comfortable no matter what.