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Just a Little Lovin'
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Al Patel & Cortney Combs
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Tim Sinnaeve Tag
Cineluxe Trendsetters: Tim Sinnaeve
in Trendsetters, Videos
Given all the brilliant art that's been created using video since the technology was introduced—going on eight decades now since the commercial launch of TV, and five since the appearance of video recorders—and also given the culture's gluttonous and largely indiscriminate appetite for video content, it was inevitable video art would start showing up on TV and
MICHAEL GAUGHN
ART WALLS: THE NEXT BIG THING?
projection screens.
But tossing that art into the same aesthetic shredder with soulless blockbusters, assembly-line sitcoms, echo-chamber news channels, and morons eating chili peppers is to reduce it to the level of bland diversion. So it was just as inevitable that a more discriminating audience, realizing the potential of the latest video displays and sources, would start yearning for gallery-quality art installations at home.
Enter Barco, with its reputation for creating ultimate-performance video products—which has led to their projectors being deployed in elaborate, cutting-edge art
spaces such as the Carrières de Lumières in Provence (shown in "Art Walls: The Next Big Thing?") and Artechouse in New York City's Chelsea Market (shown in the video below). So it's not surprising it's now being called into service to provide the imaging for the first fully-fledged residential digital-art installations.
It is a little surprising, though, to see a tech company doing so much to lead the art-wall charge—thanks in large part to the efforts of Barco Residential managing director Tim Sinnaeve. But Sinnaeve seems to sense that this is an opportunity—
Above are some fragments of Refik Anadol's Machine Hallucinations captured on a cellphone at NYC's Artechouse gallery and cobbled together (with apologies to the artist) to provide a sense of the potential and appeal of domestic art-wall installations
poised at the point of intersection of no-compromise video and luxury integration, architecture, and design—to have video displays seen not just as a means of viewing indiscriminate entertainment but to become a more edifying and organic part of the home.
In the interview above, Sinnaeve provides a crash-course introduction to art walls, discussing the new tools they provide artists, how they're becoming
a way for architects and interior designers to not just tolerate but embrace technology, and how we may be at the very beginning of a wave that could completely redefine the meaning of video in the home.
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in Design, Tech
Refik Anadol's data sculpture Melting Memories
This all started as a side conversation with Cory Reistad, the head of SAV Digital Environments in Bozeman, Montana. We were discussing emerging trends in luxury home entertainment, and Cory mentioned that his company is getting an increasing number of requests for video-wall installations so people can display unique, commissioned works of video art
2019: THE YEAR IN LUXURY HOME ENTERTAINMENT
in their homes.
Intrigued, I reached out to a number of people I trust to know a lot more about something like this than I do. Some of them were well aware of, and up to speed on, the whole "art wall" thing and excited about the possibilities. Some of them had no idea what I was talking about. That suggested that this is a bona fide trend that hasn't yet achieved broad awareness even among the luxury-tech cognoscenti.
What follows can't really be called an introduction to art walls—it's more like some random notes pointing in their general direction. But I wanted to send out an early missive as I do my due diligence and we, as a site, begin to wrap our arms around the phenomenon.
It would probably be a good idea to show you what I'm talking about. A bunch of website loops and Vimeo clips obviously can't begin to convey the impact of these installations, but they can at least give you a taste of what they're all about.
First up, a projector-driven installation Barco did at the the Carrières de Lumières, a quarry-based exhibition space in Provence, France. (Early evidence suggests Barco has been largely responsible for defining, promoting, and facilitating the art-wall category—but we'll circle back to all that in later posts.)
Next, two works by Refik Anadol. I was steered to these by Barco Residential managing director Tim Sinnaeve, who has been tremendously generous and patient about addressing my ignorant queries and bringing me up to speed. The first is Melting Memories, a 20 x 16.7-foot LED video wall of "data sculptures" based on brain-wave activity associated with memory:
The second is "Wind of Boston," a series of video paintings that feed off from a one-year set of meteorological data gleaned from Logan Airport:
Art walls seem to be catching on for a number of reasons. Projectors are brighter, projection screens are better at rejecting ambient light, and technology like MicroLED is taking hold that will allow you to create practically any size screen out of flat-panel video displays. Also, people are finally starting to think of video screens less as eyesores and more as design opportunities. Third—although this might just be wishful thinking on my part—the proliferation of content via streaming might be creating genre burnout, causing people to reject cookie-cutter mass-market diversions for more meaningful work. Or maybe they're just taking video works more seriously as art.
Tim Sinnaeve discourages using the phrase "art wall," by the way, in favor of "Architectural Digital Canvas," while referring to the content itself as "New Media Art." I can see the need for the more accurate nomenclature—there's no reason, for instance, why you can't have video images on the ceiling or the floor as well as the wall—but "art wall" seems like the more intuitive term, at least as we begin to explore the trend.
Tim pointed out something that was kind of an epiphany for me, since it suggests that these installations are part of a larger paradigm shift in luxury tech. Art walls deliberately try to avoid the connotations of the 16:9 aspect ratio, which we associate with computer monitors, movies, TV shows, and gaming, so the viewer will more readily embrace the art work on its own terms. The idea of freeing screens from the tyranny of the proscenium could clear the way for other innovative tech-driven art/entertainment experiences in the home, again, helping to break the stranglehold of mass-produced genre-driven melodrama. It could also finally provide a way for architects and designers, who tend to look askance at the man cave and its descendants, to embrace cutting-edge video tech in the home.
Like I said—just a bunch of random notes as we begin to look into a development well worth checking out.
Michael Gaughn—The Absolute Sound, The Perfect Vision, Wideband, Stereo Review,
Sound & Vision, The Rayva Roundtable, marketing, product design, some theater designs,
a couple TV shows, some commercials, and now this.
A GUIDE TO LUXURY SOURCE COMPONENTS
ADRIENNE MAXWELL
DO WE REALLY NEED HIGH-END AUDIO?
WHY FILMMAKER MODE MATTERS
EPISODE 9: NEW FRONTIERS IN


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The Office for Bombing Prevention (OBP) leads the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) efforts to implement the National Policy for Countering Improvised Explosive Devices (National Counter-IED policy) and enhance the nation's ability to prevent, protect against, respond to, and mitigate the use of explosives against critical infrastructure; the private sector; and federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial entities.
Mission of the Office for Bombing Prevention
Mission of the Office for Bombing Prevention: Protect life and critical infrastructure by building capabilities within the general public and across the public and private sectors to prevent, protect against, respond to, and mitigate bombing incidents.
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OBP has a leading role in implementing the National Counter-IED policy, which is articulated through Presidential Policy Directive 17 (PPD-17): Countering IEDs. OBP serves as the Deputy Administrator of the federal interagency Joint Program Office for Countering Improvised Explosive Devices (JPO C-IED), which coordinates and tracks federal government progress in building national counter-IED capabilities; and working in close collaboration with the White House National Security Council (NSC).
OBP also leads DHS efforts to implement the National Counter-IED policy by administering the DHS Counter-IED Strategy, Integration, and Communications Section and chairing the DHS IED Working Group. In partnership with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), OBP co-developed the Security and Resiliency Guide: Counter-IED Concepts, Common Goals, and Available Assistance (SRG C-IED) to help stakeholders plan and implement C-IED activities within their organizations' overall public safety and emergency management approach.
Through its leadership role, OBP is instrumental in aligning DHS and national counter-IED efforts through centralized and effective coordination of ongoing programs, resulting in better resource allocation within OBP and across DHS and our federal, state, local, tribal, territorial, and private sector partners.
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TRIPwire (Technical Resource for Incident Prevention) is the Department of Homeland Security's 24/7 online, collaborative information-sharing and resource portal for IED information.
Learn more about the National Explosives Task Force (NETF).
Watch the TRIPwire video
To reduce risk to the nation's critical infrastructure, OBP develops and delivers a diverse curriculum of training and awareness products to build nationwide counter-IED core capabilities and enhance awareness of terrorist threats. Coordinated through state Homeland Security officials and training offices, OBP courses educate federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial participants, such as municipal officials and emergency managers; state and local law enforcement and other emergency services; and critical infrastructure owners, operators, and security staff on strategies to prevent, protect against, respond to, and mitigate bombing incidents.
The Bomb-Making Materials Awareness Program (BMAP) is a national program to help businesses and their employees more easily identify homemade explosives precursor chemicals, identify IED components, and recognize suspicious purchasing behavior that could indicate potential bomb-making activities.
OBP provides a variety of counter-IED training and awareness products.
What You Can Do When There Is a Bomb Threat
It's important to know what steps every day citizens can and should take in the event of a bomb threat. Access bomb threat guidance and resources, including the video, What You Can Do When There is A Bomb Threat, developed by the University of Central Florida, in conjunction with the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) and the Office for Bombing Prevention within the CISA's Infrastructure Security Division, that teaches viewers how to respond in the event they receive a bomb threat. For more information on how to recognize bomb threats and react appropriately, view these other "What to Do" Videos: "What to Do: Suspicious or Unattended Item," "What to Do: Bomb Searches," and "What to Do: Surviving a Bombing Attack."
Center for Domestic Preparedness
DHS Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Emergency Management Institute (EMI) Course Catalog
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To report suspicious activity, call 9-1-1 or contact local law enforcement.
Please contact your local Protective Security Advisor (PSA) or send an email to the Office for Bombing Prevention (OBP) at OBP@cisa.dhs.gov for additional information about OBP products and programs, or to schedule a training session or a planning workshop.
Informed, alert communities play a critical role in keeping our nation safe. Everyone has a responsibility to protect our nation—"If You See Something, Say SomethingTM."
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Levin: More criminal justice reform for Texas in 2018
By Marc Levin Jan. 15, 2018 Updated: Jan. 16, 2018 12:10 a.m.
Photo: Comstock
As Texans seek to implement their New Year's resolutions, a safer, more just society should be at the top of the list. Fortunately, state lawmakers took many steps in this direction in 2017, but there is much more work to be done to ensure Texas remains a national leader in advancing criminal justice policies that enhance public safety, protect taxpayers and redeem lives.
Although somewhat obscured by Hurricane Harvey, which hit right as most bills passed by Texas lawmakers went into effect in September 2017, significant reforms were enacted that will reap dividends in 2018. First, Gov. Greg Abbott signed two similar bills, Senate Bill 1913 and House Bill 351, which seek to end the use of debtors' prisons in Texas. These bills require courts to provide alternatives to jail for people unable to pay fines and fees, such as traffic tickets and other Class C misdemeanors that do not carry a potential prison sentence. Instead, courts are instructed to offer payment plans and community service, as well as reducing fines to be commensurate with the person's income.
RICK PERRY: Texas' criminal justice reforms need support
RELATED: Taxpayers deserve a criminal justice system that focuses on rehabilitation
ALSO: Cornyn is attempting to effect change, but obstructionists get in the way
Second, Texas policymakers expanded the 2015 "second chances" law that, for the first time, allowed record sealing for convictions. The 2015 statute covered nonviolent misdemeanor convictions other than first-time DWI. The 2017 law adds first-time DWI and makes the 2015 statute retroactive, allowing many thousands of people with a single conviction from decades ago to clear their name. Research shows that once someone has been in the community without re-offending for several years, they are highly unlikely to commit another crime, and the scarlet letter of a criminal record creates barriers to employment and housing that worsen public safety outcomes while reducing economic productivity.
Furthermore, lawmakers took additional steps to prevent wrongful convictions by adopting HB34, which the Innocence Project calls the gold standard for jailhouse informant laws. Unsurprisingly, some people in jail will concoct stories about others who they allege committed crimes in exchange for a better deal in their own case. This has resulted in numerous wrongful convictions, so this legislation will require that prosecutors track the use of jailhouse informants and share with the defense, judge and jury any benefit that was provided to these informants in exchange for their purported information.
Author Mark Twain, who once said "No man's life, liberty, or property are safe while the legislature is in session," would surely be pleased that the Texas Legislature is only in regular session in odd-numbered years. However, there are plenty of chapters to be written in 2018 to lay the groundwork for continued criminal justice reforms in the 2019 session.
One way this work is done is through the process of interim studies, hearings and reports. Fortunately, these include some of the most important public safety priorities for the 2019 session.
Committees in both chambers are examining interim charges on the state jail system, which was created in 1993 for nonviolent offenders, such as those convicted of possessing less than a gram of drugs. With recidivism rates of more than 60 percent, research suggests better outcomes could be achieved through local programs that would hold these nonviolent offenders accountable while providing treatment for addiction and mental illness.
Also, the Texas House Criminal Jurisprudence Committee is studying pretrial justice reform. An actuarial risk assessment instrument that looks at objective factors, such as if someone has previously failed to appear and if they have a history of violent crimes, should be used instead of a person's bank account to make pretrial detention decisions.
Texas now has its lowest crime rate since 1967 and has closed eight prisons over the last seven years. By continuing to advance policies that ensure incarceration is reserved for people who are a threat to our safety, not those we are simply mad at or who are actually innocent, Texas policymakers can ensure that 2018 brings a renewed commitment to a more effective justice system.
Levin is the vice president of criminal justice at the Texas Public Policy Foundation and Right on Crime.


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Burnham may refer to:

Places

Canada
Burnham, Saskatchewan

England
Burnham, Buckinghamshire
Burnham railway station
Burnham Grammar School
Burnham Green, Hertfordshire, location of The White Horse
Burnham, Lincolnshire
High Burnham, Isle of Axholme, Lincolnshire
Low Burnham, Isle of Axholme, Lincolnshire
Norfolk Burnhams

New Zealand
Burnham, New Zealand army base

United States
Burnham, Illinois
Burnham, Maine
Burnham, Missouri
Burnham, Pennsylvania
Mount Burnham, a peak along the San Gabriel Mountains in California

Other uses
Burnham (band), a Vermont-based Pop-Rock band
Burnham (crater), on the Moon
Burnham (surname)
Baron Burnham, a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Burnham Institute for Medical Research, a nonprofit medical research institute
J.W. Burnham House, historic house in Louisiana, USA
Operation Burnham, a military action of the NZSAS in 2010.
Burnham F.C. football team

See also

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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In the three (1, 2, 3) previous segments of this series we have discussed the problems created on and within our rivers when special interests work together to manipulate the political system.
In order to justify the destruction of a river, the economic return to the public should have been huge. The reality has been quite the opposite. What has actually occurred are private and corporate gain, accompanied by huge public losses and public obligations for generations to come.
Our political system unfortunately continues to enrich a small group of private citizens and corporations at the expense of the general public. We have paid the costs of building and maintaining this artificial barge canal system and the accreted farmland while we have also lost billions in yearly economic and intrinsic values of these eliminated ecosystem services. With this massive public expenditure and wealth transfer (see the report showing the 90% subsidy of the barge industry) to the river agricultural interests we have also seemingly locked ourselves into an agricultural system that is unsustainable in all regards; a system which primarily grows crops that are not meant for human consumption. This is becoming even more disconcerting when we consider the vulnerability of the area where we actually get most of our food, California's Central Valley, which continues in a worsening 500-year drought (Figure 4-1). Paradoxically, California's water scarcity problems are being exacerbated by equally destructive crop choice decisions driven solely for financial gain.
In our current mode of river restoration every decision is based upon maintaining the Congressionally-mandated (and special interest influenced) primacy of navigation, regardless of the actual benefit navigation provides the public. This translates into costly artificial and minimal true restoration with mounting annual operation and maintenance costs.
To add insult to injury, through the restoration efforts to reconnect the floodplains the taxpayers too often pay a premium price for land that their tax dollars reclaimed from the river for farming.
Things need to change, and drastically.
• While world (and growing national) hunger continues, the corporate "Feeding the World" campaign serves up only higher earnings for their shareholders (Figure 4-2). Many food and agriculture experts believe that a diverse, localized agricultural system is not only more resilient; but is more egalitarian, safer for our health and the environment, and provides food security and variety that our current system lacks. Smaller farms that are holistically managed using current knowledge need to replace the huge monoculture agri-businesses that we have allowed to develop.
• Agriculture has been exempted from the Clean Water Act's requirements for nonpoint source dischargers since the law was written in 1972. Voluntary compliance and other measures to control this pollution have been ineffective and depend upon large portions of the cost burden being assumed by the taxpayers. The exemption needs to be eliminated requiring the agriculture industry to meet standards for clean water.
• The navigation system constructed on most of our large rivers uses oversized barges that required massive hydrological alterations to float them. Navigation, and the boats used on our rivers must evolve to co-exist within a much more natural river.
• Both the financial and environmental costs of re-engineering our floodplain rivers into barge canals are unsustainable. Our "waterways" need to be returned to actual rivers primarily through the reconnection of the floodplains, restoration of wetlands, and ultimately the removal of many navigation structures.
The public benefits of a healthy river must take precedence over the taxpayer subsidized profits of corporations. The status quo is bankrupting us.
We believe that we must move from our current policies and actions that manage our rivers solely for human short-term benefit, to policies that manage our economic and other activities within the long-term capacity of the river system. Ultimately, this will help move us closer to a truly sustainable society.
To do that, Congress must return to serving the humans that elect them, and not the corporations that currently overly influence their decisions. Please communicate with your Senators and Representative asking them to make real change for the future of our rivers.


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2017 Mercedes-Benz S550 Cabriolet lease - Rye Brook, New York, $1,913.64 - New
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Private Seller offers one-time lump sum cash incentive to the buyer who assumes contract of his leased vehicle.
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The advertised lease payment represents the monthly payment the listing party wishes to offer and advertise his vehicle for; the difference (cash Incentive) will need to be adjusted at the time of transfer directly between the listing party and the possible transferee.
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The contractual lease payment represents the monthly payment listed in the lease agreement or the lease contract the original lessee has with the leasing company.
The listing party, "The Seller" has marked this vehicle as Available.
Vehicle availability is on a first-come-first serve basis.
Vehicles are removed from LeaseTrader the moment the transfer completes or as soon as seller, buyer or leasing company notifies LeaseTrader that vehicle is no longer available for transfer.
To safeguard the integrity of available listings, the listing party "the seller' has been requested to provide vehicle & leasing account information. The listing will be listed with an "available" status as soon as this information is confirmed.
The listing party, "The Seller" has marked this vehicle as "Pending Transfer"
This vehicle is currently being transferred to another customer, this process could take up to 5 weeks depending on who is the leasing company.
On many circumstances the transfer may fall through, which would make the car available again and would allow you to contact this seller and acquire the lease.
The seller of this vehicle has not yet decided to list their vehicle as available for lease takeover.
Here is your opportunity to persuade this person in getting out of their vehicle by offering to take over their lease.
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text:
Q: How to Set Text of Google Signin Button and Where is the g-signin2 Class Data Attribute Documentation I have Web App using Google OAuth working but would like to have the sign in button say "Sign in with Google" whether or not the user is actually signed into Google.  By default the button says "Signed in with Google" when they are signed in.  Is it possible to set the text of the Google sign in button?
I thought there might be a "data-" attribute for the g-signin2 HTML class but can't seem to find documentation for it.  Where is the g-signin2 class data attribute documentation?
<div class="g-signin2" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-longtitle="true">

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Union members are celebrating after Labor's candidates overwhelmingly won their races. New York State AFL-CIO president Mario Cilento thanked union members in a video last night.
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The New York State AFL-CIO logged 4 million voter contacts through knocking on doors, targeted digital messaging, phone calls, mail pieces, palm cards and emails to union members on the importance of having elected officials who will fight to keep New York State Union Strong.
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I have a reocurring system alarm, which I think is caused because there are two entries for IP adresses in the node object. In attachement the whole setup is displayed.
Anyone know a solution to solve this? I had made a mistake at the initial setup of the system (rnrp config) and this is the result from that mistake.
A PU410 should be on a local RNRP network area (suggested IP address is 172.16.168.x - third byte contain "128" which hides the area, the remainder is 40 throwing RNRP Area 10) making it invisible to all nodes, except for the ones with physical connection to the area.
If AS and CS is combined, the System Alarm service will see & monitor the local PU410 (but not the redundant which is "beyond" another server that should have Local flag set for the PU410 area).
If the RNRP Monitor (and log file; C:\ProgramData\RnrpEvent.log) agree, i.e. PU410 being reported down there seem to be some issue with the network; check NIC settings, cabling, VMware settings (type of virtual NIC, etc.), etc.
Regardless of hidden or not hidden, the PU410 connection should not be reported down unless you have unplugged or shut the PU410 down.
The IP-addresses displayed in the Node Definition aspect's Configuration tab is not what you might expect.
Mode 1 : The "own" node's Node Definition is called for display (the node where your workplace was launched in): the addresses returned come from "ipconfig" (all local interfaces with an IP address will show up).
Mode 2: A different node is being displayed (your workplace is running at ENG1, but you called AS1's Node Definition): the addresses returned come from what the "hosts" file contain in your node. Starting with 5.1, RNRP injects addresses into the hosts file. In previous versions, I believe a DNS request is made and the content is drawn from the DNS server's Forward Lookup Zone.
Below; I have "injected" a phony address into the hosts file - which is then showed when calling the Node Definition aspect.
Mode 3: The aspect has been manually edited (which is possible after hitting the "F2" key) and the addresses are hardcoded. This *was* recommended in SV 2.1, but should not be made in SV 3 and later; nodename is expected!
a) A problem with the network that need to be sorted out.
Why have you changed the "Base Adress (implicit adresses)"? If you use the standard entry "172.16.0.0 then your PU410 adresses will be implicit as Network 10. You need only "Number of used exlicit addr Tabs = 1" on both servers for your 152.128... adress.
But I don't know if it solve your original problem, just give it a try. Remember to restart RNRP.
Well I quess I mis interpret the manual at that time. If I read it now I could have gone for a mix of implicit and explicit.
Thanks for your reply. System is a 5.1 system in a workgroup (no DNS) and it's physical hardware. PU410 works correct for PRIASCS400. I tried editting the node object but the ip adress returns. The thing that I don't understand is that it doesn't happen on the SECASCS400. So the primay server has an extra entry in the node object and has the alarm, but works correct. To me it looks like a stale alarm from the engineering fase.
Did you observe the "mode issue" when reviewing IP addresses in the Node Definitions?
Any edited data should be reverted to pure/sole hostname. Then the hosts file content will be shown in mode 2 (viewing another node's addresses).
Compare hosts files if mode 2 show differences - use RNRP wizard to refresh hosts file(s).
The "Register This Connection In DNS" setting on a NIC decide if the node/NIC will be inserted to remote hosts files or not. RNRP Monitor will list a node appended with "h,name=..." if this setting is enabled and only "name=..." if not. The setting should be enabled for NICs on all Client/Server network paths, but *may* be off for other NICs to prevent undesired addresses to show up in the Node Definition.
Last; the RNRP Filter in the Base Config Wizard should be set with the Client/Server network paths to restrict 800xA traffic to those paths only.
interesting information, I was ever wondering about the difference "h,name" and "name"
I've read your previous answer again about the mode and I'm not sure. I'll have to check that. The customer is in a remote location and I haven't got access to the system. I'll close this for now ang get back if it's solved or if I have new info. Thank's for your help.
OK; once you've cracked how this "strange" aspect works (content will differ depending on "viewing angle") you can start trusting its content.
In brief; *never* use it to check your local machine's IP addresses.
Ergo: To reliably check all node IPs using this aspect; you *must* use Plant Explorer in at least two different computers (avoid mode 1).


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To be honest, compared to the relative straightforwordness of Aquinas' own writing, I found it a little hard to comprehend what picture of the world the article was painting, and in particular what idea of chance itself, which in the article was most often referred to as "genuine contingency." So I'll look at that here.
The essence of dictionary definitions of contingency is its unforeseeableness and uncontrollability. So to be "genuinely contingent" means to be genuinely unforeseeable and uncontrollable. And that's confusing when one is talking about divine action in the way the article does, because Ormerod is adamant, contra process theology, that God foresees all contingent events, and not just passively either, but from within his own knowledge of himself and what he will do.
In other words, "genuinely contingent" events can only be so to us – or perhaps to the universe in some undefined way. They cannot be unforeseen to God, if he sees them, and they cannot be uncontrollable to him, if he uses them creatively whilst forseeing them. Aquinas certainly teaches that, but I'm unaware of any ID writers, or any orthodox Christians, who deny it. On the other hand there are many TEs who do object to it, building their theodicy on a theology of God's inability to predict (in Open Theism) and inability, or unwillingness, to control outcomes in the "free process" theology of … well, of most of the TEs one encounters nowadays. So is he saying (or has he provided warrant to say) any more than that God can foresee and control what we can't? If not, what is he saying?
It may help to unpack that a bit by looking at those specific types of contingency I can think of. Perhaps the obvious example that Aquinas himself considered was the coincidence of events common and predictable in themselves. Two ships sailing straight courses under their crew's control on an empty ocean may collide on rare occasions. Human ignorance of each other's existence is the only contingency: their collision is determined even apart from a completely Laplacian physical determinism. But given the reliability of scientific laws, to an all-knowing God such events are not contingent at all, even if he were only a good mathematician, let alone that he foresees all reality and determines the laws.
Then there are chaotic events, which in a precise sense were unknown to Aquinas, though he, like everyone, was aware of the unstable tile that happens to break free just as an unfortunate victim walks beneath. But chaotic events are believed to be deterministic, their uncertainty proceeeding from the wide variance resulting from small changes to conditions. It is because, in any calculation or measurement, we must approximate to a degree that exceeds the stability of the system that they are unpredictable. You don't need a Laplacian demon who knows the precise position and velocity of every component – without having to approximate – to remove the contingency. You just need God who maintains every particle in being.
As far as I know, the only truly indeterminate events in physical science (according to the majority view) are quantum events. Unless one subscribes to the notion that their statistical behaviour has no cause, then like all things their first cause is God. And in any case, accepting Neil Ormerod's orthodox theological argument, they are fully known to God in advance.
There seems to be some dispute (at least here on The Hump and on BioLogos!) as to whether macro-events can ever be influenced by quantum changes. For myself I'm prepared to accept the possibility that mutations in biological micro-molecules might be triggered by single quantum events, since a retina can respond to a single photon, potentially leading to changed behaviour of the entire organism. Science-faith writer Robert J Russell has suggested that God might guide quantum events in order to direct evolution – if so, he's saying little more than is implicit in Aquinas, and Neil Ormerod's interpretation of him. And that is, that what is contingent in quantum events in known and ordained by God.
The last category of contingent events is that of choice, though human choice has nothing to do with the question of natural evolution under discussion. But let's consider even the limited choice that animals have, even if we consider that to be completely under the control of natural instinct and biology. One might suppose a predator's fine decision to attack or not attack some evolutionarily important prey item, a decision which might go either way. Or more subtly, to judge or misjudge his strike – the animal equivalent of drawing a bow at a venture and killing King Ahab. Yet the God who foresees all – actively – has just as much control in this as in the other cases, even had Aquinas not also specifically dealt with the fact that God's providence oversees human choice just as much as it does chance.
The point, in the end, is that God's providence, by definition (in Aquinas!) is his provision of the right means to achieve his ends. Natural laws are genuine secondary causes – but causes that are bent to God's purposes in the universe. Chance – whether through coincidence, chaos or quanta – is either bent to God's specific ends or is not included in providence. And both Aquinas and Ormerod are adamant that it is. But in itself, as I have shown, chance is not a cause of anything: it's just an expression of our ignorance of the cause or our impotence to affect it – an ignorance and impotence not shared by the Omniscient and Omnipotent One.
So what's the point being made in the article, when it's a view shared by every classical theist including most Intelligent Design people and Creationists?
One conclusion Ormerod drew was, I'm sure, an invalid use of Aquinas and in itself rather anti-scientific. He made the point that ID people were foolish to look at cosmically low odds for, say, the origin of DNA and conclude that they could not happen by chance. Nothing in Aquinas, ignorant though he was of modern statistics, leads us to believe that absolutely anything can happen by chance, especially if that's somehow linked to some deficiency of intention on God's part. What would such a thing even mean? God actively foreknows that he will bring about a chance event (through the laws and quantum events he's determined) to achieve some end of his, yet doesn't design it? Does that seem coherent to you?
I will briefly discuss terms relevant to science, to clarify one or two points Jon.
A 'retina responding to a photon', is an odd way to state such an event. A photon can be understood using QM, and the energy changes within the molecular system(s) comprising the retina and associated biochemical systems can, in principle, be mapped out and understood. None of these biochemical events are determinate or indeterminate quantum events. It is another question regarding the completeness of our knowledge of the entire molecular mechanism of sight– but this is our ignorance, not some property of any 'quantum event'.
The somewhat bizarre exchange with Lou has been 'triggered' by what I feel is an attempt to sidestep these extremely complex bio-chemical mechanisms, with a vacuous generalisation that inevitably falls back to the uncertainty principle. The discussions around the uncertainty principle are ongoing and extremely complicated – some may wish to make vast generalisations related to how they use terms such as determinate/indeterminate, and this is their choice. My objection has been against a habit displayed by some, of using such QM terms without seeking a reasonable understanding of the uncertainty principle, and claiming that observations made on a molecular scale (and also a macromolecular scale) can inevitably be termed an 'a QM indeterminate something'. It is somewhat ironic that quantum = discreet, and consequently (in principle) known exactly; thus QM computations can map out the energy levels of small molecules with great precision, and we can also have knowledge of short lived transition molecular states – again with great accuracy. Consequently the Oxford dictionary of indeterminate would show us the folly of such discussions; knowing with great precision is the opposite of indeterminate.
The uncertainty principle, real entities and locality, and associated matters require considerable discussion and scientific insights, and I do not think these can be discussed with any clarity on this blog. But even in these matters, drawing inferences regarding how God may act, or some insights into evolution, is inappropriate – for the simple reason that these are argued amongst physicists and will undoubtedly undergo changes in theory and maths with time. We may indulge in theological discussions in a later post.
Whatever the specific issues about qantum indeterminacy, it's obvious that Thomas Aquinas was completely oblivious to them. So when he talks of "contingency" in the world, it's hard to see that he's got anyconcept of things that are actually (ie divinely, ratherb than physically) undetermined: he must mean things that have no known cause to humans, as the examples he gives show: eg people fortuitously meeting in a market, where they have independently been directed by the same master (representing God, of course).
For God in his wisdom to have included such things in his world for us is indeed worthy of the detailed discussion he gives it, but that purpose, in Aquinas' mind, cannot have been to do with the intrinsic good or beauty of absolute indeterminacy, as opposed to God's determination of events. Because providence, by definition, means determination, and nothing whatsoever is excluded from Aquinas' view of divine providence.
So I sense a bit of sophistry going on when he's cited by scholars to the effect that there's an inherent virtue in contingency for its own sake, when the issue is really the human one that a degree of uncertainty is good for us.
My only real interest in quantum indeterminacy is to ensure that, if it is held to exist, that it is subject to providence – Aquinas would certainly have said so had he lived 800 years or so later.
My view is that everything is subject to God – as a Christian I have held that to be obvious and without argumentation. On matters that seem to us as happenstance or 'out of the blue' so to speak – this is another way of realising our limitations. I cannot think that Thomas would have believed otherwise. On QM, I am not convinced by notions of any indeterminacy, contingency, or unknowability, in the Creation when we speak of God. Novelty, diversity, and the vastness of the Universe are testament to its Creator and for our benefit regarding Faith.
I feel that QM is used in an odd and perhaps flippant manner in discussions regarding random and contingency in nature.
This was good. Many times it seems like the most 'orthodox' on BL attempt to have their cake and eat it too. Staying within whatever the realm of 'orthodoxy' is (name dropping some heavy hitter like Calvin, or Aquinas, or Augustine to back them up), yet also appeasing the process theologies etc. out there. In the end it comes out less than coherent.
Also, what does 'active foreknowledge' mean?
I'm not entirely sure what Ormerod thinks "active foreknowledge" meant to Aquinas, but I see it as the fact that all knowledge ultimately comes from within God himself. His knowledge of the future isn't because the future reveals itself to God, but because he creates the future… a complete departure from the God of process theology/free process.
There's a Scriptural sense that's related to that, in that God's foreknowledge appears often to imply election or foreordination. For example, Rom 11.2 speaks of the God who foreknows Israel not by sensing they'll make good in the end, but by bringing about their making-good. The same sense occurs in Jer 1.5. I think that the "active foreknowledge" of classical theism arises necessarily from consideration of such passages: it's inherent in the revelation.
What would you say about the times in Scripture where it seems to be that 1) something was done contrary to the Lord's will and yet 2) In full wisdom, this did nothing to offset His plan, but only brought about in fulfilling it.
Specifically I'm thinking about Israel's clamoring for a king, but in so doing, only bring about the Lord's fulfillment.
Obviously, I'm more interested in the actual conscious and find that process-theology/open-theism's attempt at a convoluted theodicy by making the creation self-making rational, but wrong.
I guess where I'm going is that the terms we use are always bankrupt to describe the dynamic of things. Hence why the Lord answers the way He does in Job.
Cal, I'd say that people's disobedience only results in fulfilling his plan!
That saves getting into important but well-rehearsed discussions about (a) distinctions between the commanding and determinative will of God and (b) the way Scripture (and God in his dealings with us over all) has to use human metaphor in describing his ways.
anthropomorphism. This "iconoclastic bias," born in philosophy and transferred to theology, "is the assumption that the least metaphoric concept of God is the best." It is tempting to suppose that we can know God as he truly is in himself. We may think we honor God by abstracting him from the very form and manner in which he reveals himself to us, namely in human form and likeness. To represent God with abstract philosophical concepts may seem more suitable for our transcendent God than to conceive of him as an actor on the earthly stage, engaged in this drama that seems so utterly human. But is it? Do we really sanctify the Lord in our hearts and uphold his majesty by capturing him with philosophical abstractions? If we represent God with philosophical abstractions, we will tend to exaggerate either God's transcendence or his immanence. We will conceive of God either as held captive by his own creation or as depersonalized. It is necessary to steer the theological vessel away from Scylla, the yawning cave of idolatry, toward which open theism will take it. Yet, we must always be alert lest we overcorrect and steer into Charybdis, the vortex of divine aloofness, by focusing upon God's transcendence to the reduction of his immanence.
I won't comment on the theology but just the science.
QM applies to everything, and this means that initial positions and momentums of any set of particles cannot be specified precisely. Thus physical chaotic systems (systems of real particles in which infinitely small changes in initial conditions result in arbitrarily large changes down the road) are not deterministic.
The majority view (by a landslide) is that many kinds of individual events in QM have no cause. There are some technical reasons for thinking this must be the case to avoid certain causal paradoxes.
Jon comes down on the right side of this "dispute" (which is not really disputed in physics). A Geiger counter (or any measurement of a quantum event) creates macroscopic consequences for QM events. It is a common misconception among non-physicists that QM does not have macroscopic consequences. Mutations are one of them.
I agree with GD that a proper discussion of indeterminacy needs to be technical. I disagree with his constant claims that I am being flippant about it. As I said before, this subject was my focus of study at the University of Texas. I have discussed these question with some of the founders of QM, including Wigner, Bohm, John Wheeler, and others. I can provide as much technical detail for my claims as GD would like. This is just not the place for that.
No-one has claimed a split between these odd 'quantum events' and the molecular and macromolecular world – indeed my comments show that we can measure and model these systems (provided we know enough about them) with great accuracy) – thus the notion of some indeterminate property is clearly odd. Nor is there a dispute (except for an odd outlook in discussing 'events' that measurements are related to the system measured. The flippant comment is to suggest otherwise. And how can anyone discuss individual quantum events – this terminology is absurd. Do we have experiments in which a photon is present for a given time, and then it disappears because it is a indeterminate quantum event? Do we have any system that is so indeterminate that measurements can sometimes be made, and at other times cannot? And what dynamic system is so chaotic that a measurement(s) cannot be made?
On causality, in any scientific experiment, the philosophy commences with a system that is – and we then obtain information/data concerning a clearly defined system. The notion that macro-events are caused by non-causing 'quantum events' is another example of absurd rhetoric.
I have no idea what you just said. How is it absurd to talk about a single quantum event?
Just to be clear, take my Geiger counter example. The decay of a particular unstable nucleus is a quantum event. The exact moment that this nucleus decays is indeterminate in the quantum mechanical sense. According to QM, there is no cause that makes it decay at a particular moment; the causes only affect the probability of decay per unit time. The Geiger counter can detect that single quantum event, the radioactive decay of a single nucleus, and it can magnify the effects until the Geiger counter emits an audible click (or the Geiger counter could be connected to any other macroscopic object, to trigger any big macroscopic event).
The exact moment that the Geiger counter emits the click (or triggers some big event) is as indeterminate as the decay event that caused it. This is a completely uncontroversial example of a macroscopic event that is "indeterminate", in the sense that even complete knowledge of the initial conditions prior to the decay, and perfect knowledge of all relevant physical laws, are not sufficient to permit prediction of the moment of the event. Do you disagree with this statement?
This sort of exchange can go on without a reasonable end result. I have given the meaning of indeterminate, and quantum, and you have failed to respond – if these terms are understood by you, then your argument has little merit. You now switch from indeterminate to how something is measured and consequently 'known' by us. This shows how inconsistent you are, and also how inordinately insistent you are in arguing some odd point.
Radioactivity is a know property (how can you then seek a cause for what is clearly known and measured), and many details on the why and how are also known – measurements are made, and these inevitably show an acceptable reproducibility – so what is 'not known'? Just what is a quantum cause, let alone a quantum event? You wish to model something with perfect predictions (radioactive decay), and find you cannot not. So what! How does this make radioactivity unknowable and makes laws of science irrelevant or somehow not known. Again your rhetoric is gravely inadequate or simply absurd.
The exact moment of decay of an unstable nucleus has no cause in QM; the only thing predicted by QM is the probability distribution of the decay times. Likewise, if we take a slit and shine a light through it onto a photographic plate, there is no way to predict where a particular photon will hit the plate. QM gives only the probability distribution for the places where the photon will land. There is no cause that makes it land in a particular spot, according to QM. This is the essence of QM. Read any textbook on the subject.
And Bell's theorem proves that there are no local "hidden variables" underlying these probability distributions–they are not due to our ignorance of underlying mechanisms.
What indeed – this is the last time I will indulge in these useless exchanges with you – while many workers discuss hidden variables and labour in this area, you, as the ultimate authority, declare the matter settled. And even you should at least be aware that a radioactive atom has the property we discuss, but then you begin your theatrics and look to your undergraduate lectures in physics. Since we are giving gratuitous advice on reading text books, look up the workings of an atomic clock – very accurate stuff, yet they apply the uncertainty principle – go figure!!!
I doubt very much that you even understand causality and the reasoning behind it. Nonetheless, this is my final comment to you.
Atomic clocks are not based on moments of decay of unstable nuclei but on the precision of the energy differences between electron states in atoms.
The fundamental principle of QM is this: the wave function is the basic description of nature, and (after complex-conjugate squaring) the wave function only gives the probabilities of the different allowed outcomes. I agree with GD that there is no need to argue more about this; anybody can look it up and see who is right.
Regarding hidden variables: after the experimental disproof of Bell's inequality (an inequality that would have to be satisfied by any theory of local hidden variables), the consensus view among physicists is that local hidden variables cannot exist. (There are some interesting proposals for how to get around Bell's inequalities, involving things like imposing mathematical limitations on the amount of free will available to an experimenter!


text:
Q: Postgresql function creating ERROR: return type mismatch in function declared to return name Almost burning out writing this post as a last resort...
Hi all, I am looking to get some help with my first function that I need to create. From what I read I understand you just need to add the function header and footer to any set of SQL commands to create a function.
I have a view that I have created which works fine... here is the code for it
CREATE VIEW invoice_v AS
SELECT customer.firstname, lastname, customer_addresses.address, orders.order_id, order_date, order_total, order_details.product_id, quantity, unitprice, product.product_name
FROM customer, customer_addresses, orders, order_details, product
WHERE customer.customer_id = customer_addresses.customer_id
AND customer.customer_id = orders.customer_id
AND orders.order_id = order_details.order_id
AND product.product_id = order_details.product_id;

SELECT firstname, lastname, address, order_id, order_date, product_id, product_name, quantity, unitprice, order_total
FROM invoice_v
WHERE order_id = 02;

What it does is create a view for an Invoice with all the details for order_id 2.
I need to do a similar thing with a function. Im not sure how this is to be done.
This is what I tried to do... but failed, Im sorry if this seems extremely stupid, but I'm new to this...
CREATE FUNCTION invoiceforprint() RETURNS name AS '

SELECT customer.firstname, lastname, customer_addresses.address, orders.order_id, order_date, order_total, order_details.product_id, quantity, unitprice, product.product_name
FROM customer, customer_addresses, orders, order_details, product
WHERE customer.customer_id = customer_addresses.customer_id
AND customer.customer_id = orders.customer_id
AND orders.order_id = order_details.order_id
AND product.product_id = order_details.product_id;

' LANGUAGE SQL;

the code above gives me this error
ERROR:  return type mismatch in function declared to return name
DETAIL:  Final statement must return exactly one column.
CONTEXT:  SQL function "invoiceforprint"

I don't even know what parameter I am supposed to use for the RETURN.
Any help on the matter, will be much appreciated.

A: Sorry not near a postgres DB so this is untested.
What you are after is called a table function, there is an example here http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/static/sql-createfunction.html
CREATE FUNCTION invoiceforprint() RETURNS TABLE(firstname text
       , lastname text
       , address text
       , order_id int
       , order_date date
       , order_total numeric
       , product_id int
       , quantity numeric
       , unitprice numeric,
       , product_name text ) AS
$$
SELECT customer.firstname
       , lastname
       , customer_addresses.address
       , orders.order_id
       , order_date
       , order_total
       , order_details.product_id
       , quantity
       , unitprice
       , product.product_name
FROM customer, customer_addresses, orders, order_details, product
WHERE customer.customer_id = customer_addresses.customer_id
AND customer.customer_id = orders.customer_id
AND orders.order_id = order_details.order_id
AND product.product_id = order_details.product_id;
$$ LANGUAGE SQL;


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text:
local ffi = require("ffi")
require("xcb_h")
local C = ffi.load("xcb")
local M = setmetatable({C = C}, {__index = C})

local function create_func(func, destroy_func)
	return function(...)
		local ptr = func(...)
		assert(ptr ~= nil)
		return ffi.gc(ptr, destroy_func)
	end
end

local function destroy_func(destroy_func)
	return function(ptr)
		ffi.gc(ptr, nil)
		destroy_func(ptr)
	end
end

return M

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HAMBURG, Germany—ISC'12—June 19, 2012—NVIDIA today announced that its GPUs will be used by scientists at Germany's Forschungszentrum Jülich, which hosts the Jülich Supercomputing Centre, one of Europe's largest and most powerful supercomputing resources, to accelerate advanced neurological research targeted at unlocking secrets of the human brain.
NVIDIA also announced a new, multiyear collaboration with the center to drive the next generation of GPU-accelerated scientific research in neuroscience and a range of other fields, including astronomy, astrophysics, material science, particle physics, and protein folding. Together the two organizations are launching the "NVIDIA Application Lab," a jointly run and staffed resource for the European scientific community located at the center's facilities in Jülich.
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research, and potentially uncovering the causes and treatments for autism, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, and other debilitating neurological diseases.
Researchers from theJülich Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Brain), also at Forschungszentrum Jülich, are using NVIDIA® Tesla® GPUs to accelerate by as much as 50x the reconstruction of histological brain sections necessary for the rendering of a high-definition, structurally accurate and realistic model of the human brain. Once fully developed, the model will give researchers a previously unattainable level of visibility into brain architecture, function and interconnections with levels of detail never before available to neuroscientists.
To create this model, researchers at the institute INM-1 are reconstructing a vast collection of data sets including images of histological sections (microscopic tissue structure), magnetic resonance images and images from an advanced 3D polarized light imaging (3D-PLI) technique developed at INM-1. 3D-PLI provides, for each voxel of the brain, information about the direction and the inclination of fiber tracts. To trace the tracts over long distances, tractography algorithms are applied, which also require high-performance GPUs.
Jülich hopes to leverage key learnings from its neuroscience research to serve as a blueprint for the NVIDIA Application Lab to enable other advanced GPU-accelerated research projects across a range of scientific fields.
Beginning later this month, the NVIDIA Application Lab will focus on enabling hundreds of scientists across Europe, including members of the PRACE high performance computing organization, to take advantage of GPU-accelerated systems at the Jülich Supercomputing Centre by providing optimized scientific applications and technical support.
Researchers in and outside of Jülich are using Jülich's GPU-accelerated supercomputers, including the 206-node Jülich Dedicated GPU Environment (JuDGE) system equipped with NVIDIA Tesla GPUs, which delivers approximately 240 teraflops of peak performance.
The Jülich Supercomputing Centre operates supercomputers of the highest performance class in Europe. It enables scientists and engineers to solve highly challenging and complex problems in science and engineering in collaborative infrastructures by means of supercomputing and grid technologies. More information is available at the Jülich Supercomputing Centre website.


Colorimetry in Practice is the definitive course for prescribing precision tinted lenses.
The International Institute of Colorimetry will host a one-day colorimetry training course.
The course will focus on the practical approach to offering colorimetry to visual stress patients. It will allow new practitioners to become fully aware of the process and offer existing practitioners a chance to refresh and interact.
Speakers will include Professor Arnold Wilkins, the University of Essex and Professor Bruce Evans, City University and the Institute of Optometry.


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If you need to contact me, please use the PM system on the site. If there is an issue with moderation, post in the appeal forums located at the bottom of the main page. Please DO NOT contact me on Steam as I keep business separate from there and I will NOT accept your friend request if I don't know you. If you see a download that violates the rules, just report it and someone will investigate when possible. I am also taking classes at the moment, so expect me to not always be on during the weekdays.


In the first showcase are various objects from the Ancient Period, from the site called Timacum Minus.
In the first showcase there are items related to architecture, construction and tools that were used in construction works. The emphasiyed items are: a brick with a stamp of cohorts II Aurelia Dardanorum from the second century, fragments of marble as a building material, porphyry. There are also construction tools, such as: trowel, chisel, cramps, plummet.
In the second showcase are items related to the pottery in the Roman Period. Ceramics, owing to its persistence is a significant archaeological material to interpret the past. The examples of ceramic items: pots, bowls, and ended burners.
The third showcase contains objects that are linked to the Roman metallurgy. These are items that were used in the processing of ores: mining picks, tiles, the remains of burnt ore, weights, mugs, and other metal items such as knives, grinds, hedging bill.
Timacum Minus was the administrative center of the wider region-territory, whose economic basis was mining. The nearby slopes of Stara Planina mountain which are rich in copper, gold and silver were a significant resource for the exploitation and primary processing of these ores in ancient times.
In the fourth showcase metal items are exposed: hinges, clasps, padlock in the form of a ring, punch, and bronze ended burner.
The discovery of native copper was a starting point for processing metals. At first, the technique of cold forging was in use, but later, with development of casting techniques, began the mass production of metal items. The products are jewelry, military equipment, money, small monumental plastic.
The objects made in casting technique are presented in the fifth showcase and they are: brooches, buckles, medical instruments.
The next, sixth showcase presents a replica of a catapult made by the students of Secondary Technical School in Knjaževac. In addition to light arms the Roman army also used battle devices such as catapult, ballista for ejecting arrows, spears and others.
In the seventh showcase in the first room of the archaeological exhibition space, there are marble votive plates and an image of Venus, which is dated in the I-II century A.D.
In the eight showcase there are glassware sets: cups, balsamaria, toilette bottles. In the Ancient Period, glass was used for making vessels, for mosaic cubes and window glass. The Roman glass industry developed on the foundations of the Hellenistic technological tradition. In the first century glass was widespread throughout the territory of the Roman Empire.
An extraordinary example of fibula is also exhibited here. This luxury silver fibula was found in the necropolis Ropinski potok near Ravna village and represents a kind of exceptional honors to military officers. The fibula stands out for its decorated arch and was produced in opus interassile technique using thin metal threads, very similar to the famous filigree technique.
This section shows replicas of a Roman armor and tunics.
In the ninth showcase are objects that were used every day: bone combs, needles.
In the tenth case there are Roman coins.


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Working for a major web host, I've seen a lot. So much, in fact, that my entire perception on hosting has changed in the last 2 years that I have been at InMotion Hosting. Many people simply see hosting a basic container for their content when behind the scenes, there's a whole lot more going on. With that, I feel that need that an honest, insider look on hosting as a whole is needed to clear up the fog.
In the time that I have been working at InMotion Hosting, I have spoken to tens of thousands of customers. Of those customers, many seem to just simply think that a server is tossed up, and and operations begin. In reality, there is a significant amount of work put in before any accounts hit the server, while they are there, and even some even after they are gone.
Before deployment of the server, it needs to be fully evaluated for performance and stability. Without a full evaluation, a host could never know how reliable the server actually is. Can the server support 10 users? 100? 1,000? In this, every step of the puzzle is completely evaluated. This includes both hardware and software and has an enormous amount of environmental variables to ensure that each and every customer has a positive experience.
Imagine having a boss that tells you there's someone you need to talk to in the office, but you have no clue who they are or what you need to talk to them about. Then, you take 2 steps and someone else tells you there is yet another person you have to talk to. By the time you get to the initial person, there are 5 others waiting. Allow this to continue 24/7/365. That's what handling the uptime and stability of a web host is like, and that's just one aspect of the situation.
Then comes security. A host's responsibility is also ensuring the safety of its users' data. Without it, any attacker could just waltz into the server and start destroying things. If you're not familiar with the aspects of security, there is an incredible amount of exploits that are found on a daily basis, many that directly affect any web host. The host then has to keep an eagle eye on all possible security issues and ensure that they are not vulnerable. This not only includes their hardware and software, but customer's currently running software as well which cannot be as easily controlled. Believe it or not, many customers leave their content wide open to security concerns and many are only saved because their host made changes on the server level to ensure that they are no longer vulnerable.
Lastly, you have the customer themselves. This can range from an extremely polite, educated developer that just needs a simple change made or has a question about a server configuration, to the raging customer who doesn't understand how to copy/paste and doesn't understand why their email doesn't work. (Yes, that is actually a real-life example). Regardless of the customer, support representatives are required to be the go-to for any questions a customer may have, or at least know where to direct you to for the answer. They can take a severe beating by a customer and need to get up off the floor from that call, and pick up the next one as if they were having the best day of their life.
When a server is being upgraded, there are also several additional variables that exist to ensure everything is running smoothly. This mostly consists of ensuring the happiness of all customers currently on that server that are being moved. In this, every customer needs to be checked over thoroughly to ensure that they will not have any issues on the new server and includes things such as checking over every bit of software for compatibility with their site.
Many people think that their host couldn't care less if their site is up or down. That couldn't be farther from the truth.
The most common issue would be shared servers with load spike issues. Someone on the server did something to cause a large amount of resource usage, and the sysadmins are now tracking the issue to determine the appropriate action to take. On a shared server, that means tracing activity through 100s or maybe even 1,000s of websites, locating the issue, and being able to determine the best course of action almost immediately.
While your sysadmins are calming down the server, support representatives have to be notified and readied to the amount of traffic they are about to receive. Almost instantly, support calls, chats, and tickets will significantly jump and all need to be handled. The absolute best case scenario is that you are able to tell the customer the issue, they are understanding, and they are quickly on to the customer with the next issue. Sometimes, the result can be the customer calling in while yelling, threatening legal action, and not allowing you to get off the phone for a significant amount of time to try to help the next customer, and possibly canceling their account.
With all of the work involved with any amount of downtime, the host puts in a significant amount of man hours with just a single server and a couple of minutes of downtime. Your host certainly does care about your website and sometimes, more than you do.
As you may know, there's no shortage of tools to build a website. You may spend time investigating some that interest you, and learn to master them, but hosts have to know what tools you use, before you do.
Software is released and changed every day and web hosts have to be able to know how it operates. Nearly every piece of software in existence needs to be investigated to ensure stability and compatibility. For example, if WordPress were to suddenly decide to switch over to Node.js, the hosting provider would need to know about that change far ahead of when any customers find out. The host would then need to make sure that every server is properly equipped to handle the new changes.
This even goes as far back as Microsoft FrontPage. Microsoft stopped supporting it many years ago, but hosts still have customers running it. At that point, change after change has to be custom written to ensure that all customers running FrontPage are still able to publish their content and use FrontPage Extensions for as long as possible.
Hosts care a lot about what they do. If they make one misstep, they are called out on it like they murdered your first-born. Hosts are not just in the business of making money, but taking the responsibility of hosting the internet world on their shoulders. Are there bad hosts out there? Definitely. Do the majority of web hosts care way more about your website and that you are happy than their bottom line? Without a doubt.
Soon, I will be taking an insider and unbiased look at some major hosting providers, and pitting them against each other. We'll see how they stack up.


text:
Simple and Effective Market Timing with Tactical Asset Allocation Part 2 - Choices
12 Pages Posted: 5 Mar 2018 Last revised: 27 Apr 2018
See all articles by Lewis A. Glenn
Lewis A. Glenn
Date Written: April 18, 2018
In Part 1 a simple market timing algorithm was described that switches from an exchange traded fund representing U. S. equities (SPY) to one holding treasury long bonds (TLT) every month on the last day, the switch being made to whichever ETF has the greatest ratio of current adjusted closing price to adjusted closing price µ months earlier. The parameter µ was determined so as to maximize total return and minimize the total number of trades. It was demonstrated that, over the 10-year period ending on 12/31/13, this model produced a cumulative annualized growth rate (CAGR) and a maximum monthly (daily) draw down, respectively, of 13.9 and 17.3 (19.0)%; note that these values differ slightly from those in the original paper because a more conservative estimate of trading costs is now included.
In the present work, this model is continued to the present day but also modified by extending the two-ETF comparison to one that includes 5 ETFs. The 3 new ETFs considered track MSCI developed market equities outside the U. S. and Canada (EFA), the NASDAQ 100 (QQQ), and MSCI emerging markets (EEM). The extended model is shown, to date, to deliver 74% higher CAGR than the two-ETF model, but with no increase in draw down despite the increased volatility of the 3 new ETFs in comparison to the two original.
A third option is also examined in which an additional constraint is added to the algorithm, namely that unless all 5 ETFs produce positive returns over the -month period, the end-of-month choice reverts to cash or a cash surrogate. If the cash surrogate chosen is the ETF tracking the 7-10 year treasury bond (IEF), the maximum monthly draw down to date is shown to be less than half that of the two-ETF model and the CAGR to be actually slightly better.
Keywords: market timing, algorithm, model, tactical asset allocation
JEL Classification: C51, C52, C53, C58, G11
Glenn, Lewis A., Simple and Effective Market Timing with Tactical Asset Allocation Part 2 - Choices (April 18, 2018). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3129098 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3129098
Lewis A. Glenn (Contact Author)
Independent ( email )