text:
Foreign Affairs Minister Brantley assumes CDCC Leadership
April 25, 2016 in NIA
Minister of Foreign Affairs and Civil Aviation in St. Kitts and Nevis Hon. Mark Brantley, the new chairman of the Caribbean Development Cooperation Committee (CDCC) at the 26th session of the CDCC at the St. Kitts Marriott Resort in Basseterre on April 22, 2016
NIA CHARLESTOWN NEVIS (April 25, 2016) — The following is a press release from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Civil Aviation dated April 22, 2016.
Basseterre, St. Kitts – The 26th session of the Caribbean Development Cooperation Committee (CDCC) convened at the St. Kitts Marriott Resort in Basseterre on April 22, 2016. The opening session was chaired by Ms. Diane Quarless, Director, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), and she expressed regrets of Ms. Alicia Bárcena for not being able to attend.
Introductory remarks were made by Mr. Antonio Prado, Deputy Executive Secretary of ECLAC. In his remarks he exhorted the gathering to "celebrate all things Caribbean" especially in light of the West Indies domination of T20 cricket recently.
He also expressed the view, that by far the most important challenge over which the Caribbean must gain control, is how best to deal with the unsustainable levels of public debt in a manner that builds the resilience of our countries to external shocks, while re-igniting growth and promoting economic transformation by investment in green industries and climate adaptation initiatives.
Under-Secretary for Ministerial Affairs in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade in Jamaica Ambassador Sheila Sealey-Monteith, the outgoing chair of the CDCC, addressed the body and expressed gratitude on behalf of her country to ECLAC for their assistance during their tenure as chair of the CDCC. She further indicated that the chair, being rotated in alphabetical order, now became the responsibility of the Federation of St. Kitts-Nevis and handed over the chair accordingly.
Hon. Mark Brantley, in assuming his responsibility as chair of the CDCC, addressed the gathering and synopsized that the discussion of the Caribbean Development Roundtable set the stage for brainstorming on the topic: The Debt Overhang: balancing adjustment with sustainable development in the Caribbean.
He spoke of the decrease of the Debt to GDP ratio in St. Kitts-Nevis by over 100 percentage points but also mentioned the risk of eroding the gains without proper fiscal discipline and the failure to manage the debt overhang. He also highlighted the achievements of the Federation in providing a robust suite of social services to strengthen the safety net of vulnerable groups.
Following these statements there was elections of officers to serve the CDCC for the biennium 2016-2018. Elected were Antigua and Barbuda, the British Virgin Islands and the Dominican Republic as Vice Chairs and St. Vincent and the Grenadines as Rapporteur.
The meeting continued under the chairmanship of the Hon. Mark Brantley with a discussion on the Debt Overhang and Preparation for the Ageing population in the Caribbean. There were several resolutions considered and adopted at the meeting as well as the welcoming of St. Maarten, the newest associate member to ECLAC to the CDCC.
Minister of Labour delivers address to mark World Day for Safety and Health at Work Week activities
Premier's Ministry announces extension regarding Human Rights Workshop


A fine new-build Lister replica in 7.25″ gauge. Look out for this on Sundays.
Are you a model engineer? Or are you interested in railways? Or maybe clocks. Do you want to meet people with similar interests? Our Society has over 100 members, and we are always pleased to welcome new people. We maintain, improve and operate the popular Eaton Park Miniature Railway and have raised thousands of pounds for local charities. We have regular monthly meetings on all sorts of topics. Why not pay us a visit at one of our meetings or look in on any Tuesday at Eaton Park, Norwich where we have our headquarters. Here you can work on your project, help with our railway or just join us for a cup of tea and a chat. Contact us for any information you may require about membership.
Please note that the public car park at our end of the park is closed for several months. Access to the ndsme compound will not be affected but please be aware of members of the public attempting to follow you in to our area.
Please note all monthly meetings are held at Eaton Park unless otherwise indicated.
13 September Heritage Open Day 12am to 1pm, HODs ticket holders only between these times.
Bank Holiday Mondays These days are new for 2015 and are open to the public with proceeds to local childrens charities.
NO MATERIAL ON THIS WEBSITE MAY BE USED WITHOUT THE PRIOR PERMISSION OF THE N.D.S.M.E.


We have informed of the actual situation in Idlib province concerning to implement the terms of Russian-Turkish deal over demilitarization zone in Northern Syria.
Idlib inhabitants claim HTS terrorists control all sectors of activity in the province. They own all the organizations there and adjust salaries. Humanitarian relief is also distributed under their control.
The reports say HTS jihadists continue to kidnap citizens and demand a ransom for their release. If they are able to find out anyone else is linked to the Syrian government, they kidnap his (or her) children or confiscate personal property.
According to the source, Turkey 'has turned a blind eye' and continues to supports HTS and supplies it with all the necessary. HTS militants also lease land from citizens on behalf of Turkey and force them to work on it. Moreover, a number of HTS militants is growing.
Thus, civilians stop trusting local Sheikh who have promised them that terrorists will be withdrawn from the province of Idlib.


text:
Camptandra est un genre de plante de la famille des Zingibéracées.

Liste d'espèces
Selon
 Camptandra gracillima (K.Schum.) Valeton (1918)
 Camptandra latifolia Ridl. (1899)
 Camptandra ovata Ridl. (1907)
 Camptandra parvula (King ex Baker) Ridl. (1899)

Selon
 Camptandra ovata
 Camptandra parvula

Noms synonymes, obsolètes et leurs taxons de référence
 Camptandra angustifolia (Ridl.) Ridl., (1905) = Camptandra gracillima (K.Schum.) Valeton (1918)
 Camptandra parvula var. angustifolia Ridl., (1899) = Camptandra gracillima (K.Schum.) Valeton (1918)
 Camptandra tahanensis Ridl., (1915) = Camptandra ovata Ridl. (1907)

Notes et références

Liens externes

Zingiberaceae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


We are a strategic brand firm and the Source for the compulsively creative We're a dedicated team of designers, writers, strategists, developers and account specialists who share a common passion for great design. Together we create extraordinary brand experiences that help companies establish their voice and elevate their brands. Our work is renowned for its highly-crafted design, and its ability to drive action.
At Image Group, we guarantee your satisfaction. We treat your project like it were our own. We offer top quality solutions as diverse as your imagination, creating a series of advertising products and/or promotional materials for campaigns. We make you stand out from the crowd. We make you look exceptional. If you can dream it, we can do it.
We help our customers grow their business and take advantage of all sales opportunities available.
ENHANCE YOUR COMPANY'S IMAGE IN THE EYES OF YOUR POTENTIAL CUSTOMERS!
When your presentation looks good, you look good. Let us make you look the best you can possibly be.
Image Group Corp. provides a variety of specialized methods and services.
Each day brings increased opportunity and potential to increase your business in current and new markets. To capture that new market share, you have to get the right kind of attention. You must deliver a relevant sales experience to potential customers. We help you do that.
Alvaro Ferreira has over 15 years of entrepreneurial experience in both the U.S. and internationally. He is the principal partner of RN Investment Group. Mr. Ferreira is also the CEO and Founder of Image Group Corp., Chem Dry of the Future and Export South America. He earned his Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree from the University Mayor of San Andres. Mr. Ferreira's mission is to create 'synergy' through leveraging all of his endeavors to achieve his business goals.
As our marketing director, Katherine shares Comfy's story and successes with audiences far and wide. Katherine comes to us from power, bringing years of cross-functional experience in Marketing, Software-as-a-Service programs, and customer-facing Marketing control applications. Katherine holds her MBA from Georgetown's McNaughton School of Business.
Hands-on experience in projects involving web development. Superior knowledge of computer systems, design and analytical projects. A mature student achieving high academic honors while maintaining part-time employment; scholarship recipient. Over the last 15 years, He developed a wide range of websites using different technologies including sites for startup companies and small businesses to large Stores. Helping people achieve their goals, as much as is possible with his knowledge.
Fill the form and send us your enquiry and We will write you back a soon as possible.


text:
Yount's Woolen Mill and Boarding House is a historic woolen mill and boarding house located in Ripley Township, Montgomery County, Indiana. The boarding house was built in 1851, and is a two-story, "L"-shaped, Late Federal style brick building. It has a gable-on-hip roof and two-story porch on the rear side. The mill was built in 1864, and is a -story brick building on a raised basement with Greek Revival style design elements. Also on the property are the remains of an 1849 frame mill, an 1867 brick building, dam and mill race. The Yount Mill was contracted by the U.S. Government to manufacture Army uniforms during both the American Civil War and Spanish–American War.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

References

External links

Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana
Residential buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana
Industrial buildings completed in 1867
Residential buildings completed in 1851
Federal architecture in Indiana
Greek Revival architecture in Indiana
Buildings and structures in Montgomery County, Indiana
National Register of Historic Places in Montgomery County, Indiana
1851 establishments in Indiana


text:
module Espace
  class Page < ActiveRecord::Base
    belongs_to :creator, class_name: Espace.user_class.to_s, foreign_key: :created_by_id
    belongs_to :last_contributor, class_name: Espace.user_class.to_s, foreign_key: :updated_by_id
    belongs_to :destructor, class_name: Espace.user_class.to_s, foreign_key: :deleted_by_id
    has_many :comments, class_name: "Espace::Comment"

    after_save :delete_cache

    #validates_presence_of :user_id, message: I18n.t("pages.validate.author")
    validates_presence_of :title, message: I18n.t("pages.validate.title")
    validates_presence_of :text, message: I18n.t("pages.validate.text")

    scope :actifs, -> { where("deleted_at is null") }
    scope :inactifs, -> { where("deleted_at is not null") }
    scope :publics, -> { where("published_at is not null") }
    scope :privates, -> { where("published_at is null") }

    #Override methods
    def destroy(options={})
      self.delete options
    end

    def delete(options={})
      d = options[:deleted_by_id]
      self.update_attributes deleted_at: DateTime.now, deleted_by_id: d
    end

    def active?
      self.deleted_at.nil?
    end

    def activate
      self.update_attribute :deleted_at, nil
    end

    def published?
      !self.published_at.nil?
    end

    def publish
      self.update_attribute :published_at, DateTime.now
    end

    def unpublish
      self.update_attribute :published_at, nil
    end

    def path_cache
      "/gems/espace/pages/#{self.id}"
    end

    private

    def delete_cache
      Rails.cache.delete(self.path_cache)
    end

  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Luxury Estate REALTOR, Leslie Kavanaugh, has announced an exceptional property located in Malibu's most coveted neighborhood offered for $8,888,888. This exquisite property and estate offer an unparalleled combination of superior finishes, high tech services, and gorgeous coastlines views.
BEVERLY HILLS, Calif. /California Newswire/ — Luxury Estate Realtor, Leslie Kavanaugh, has announced an exceptional property located in Malibu's most coveted neighborhood offered for $8,888,888. This exquisite property and estate offer an unparalleled combination of superior finishes, high tech services, and gorgeous coastlines views.
Located just steps from Malibu's most pristine beaches, 6950 Dume Drive sits on over one acre of flat, lush, meticulously maintained grounds with priceless ocean views. This incredible home was carefully designed and crafted by the talented and renowned architect Douglas Burdge. The 6-bedroom, 7-bath estate is artfully crafted using the finest of finishes to detail all aspects of this 'Nantucket' style masterpiece. This is a home for those who appreciate a harmonious blend of chic indoor elegance and casual outdoor seaside living seamlessly integrated to create a fluent space unlike no other.
Live year-round in desirable climate bliss soaking in the sun from the many outdoor living spaces to enjoy. From the unique master bedroom patio to the gorgeous covered outdoor lounge to sitting poolside, the spaces to appreciate this picturesque setting leave nothing to desire. Cool off in the large sparkling pool and enjoy the quintessential Malibu posh lifestyle. Glorious Santa Monica views from the home's multiple porches and terraces will certainly delight lovers of majestic ocean beauty. This home is an entertainer's dream as each space was designed to flow seamlessly into the next embodying its true connection to the ocean with its form and flow.
Ideally situated in the prestigious Point Dume neighborhood brings you the nearby convenience of the best Malibu offers from the notorious high-end shopping, acclaimed restaurants, and some of the nation's top ranked schools.
Native Californian, Leslie Kavanaugh has been recognized through her multi-decade real estate career as the top producing agent of California's Westside community consisting of Bel Air, Hollywood, Santa Monica, Brentwood, Pacific Palisades, Malibu and Beverly Hills. Recipient of California 100 & the Circle of Distinction awards, President's Elite Circle, and Nation President's Circle, Leslie's expertise and outstanding sales record has been recognized countless times.
Not only an exceptional leader in the real estate field, but also considered a 'connector' who uses her extensive clientele network to bring maximum exposure to her listings. Leslie is known for her genuine enthusiasm for luxury real estate and for her excellent professionalism providing top customer service. Her passion is evident in everything she does from showing her homes to her ongoing participation in community and charitable organizations.


A genuine Highland sheepskin rug from Hides of Excellence is the easiest way to add warmth and texture to any space. The exquisite copper and cream tone blends make it a versatile addition to blend into almost any decor colour schemes. These natural hides are suitable as cosy floor rugs or to bring added comfort when draped as a throw over furniture.
Approximate size 105cm x 75cm. However being 100% genuine natural hide, each rug varies slightly in tones and shape.
The characteristics of Highland sheepskin is soft and shaggy. It has a relaxed feel making the space you place this decor piece all the more comfy and inviting.
Please see below a selection of current stock available for immediate delivery. If you would like to select your rug when purchasing the hide simply advise us via LiveChat or email the corresponding number that appears on the top left side of the image. You will receive the rug you select.
Like all our hide, this rug is created from an animal hide by-product. It has followed strict tanning processes to ensure it is both eco-friendly and safe for you, your family and pets.


At one time Stewartby was home to the largest brickworks in the world. If you live in the Southern half of the country and have a house built in the last century there is a strong possibility the bricks came from Stewartby. When the brickworks were closed they rather handily filled the clay pit with water to make the largest stretch of sailing water in, well, Stewartby.
The 2017 Inland Championship, originally scheduled for last October, was postponed due to the onset of Storm Brian so we helpfully decided to re-run it in conditions almost as windy as last autumn and much, much colder. The entry list was curtailed as a result of the forecast and it's fair to say that most of the fleet were proper bricking it before heading out for race 1. That broad reach to the start looked decidedly unappealing to be fair.
Race 1 and Paul Watson (Bowmoor) had pulled out a healthy lead as the race progressed. One could almost say he looked as safe as houses. Safe that is until he was hit by a mega gust on the bear away to the penultimate run. The ensuing swim let Steve Bolland (Bristol Corinthian) through which he held to the finish despite a late dip of his own. Second was Harry McVicar (Draycote) with Watson recovering well to complete the podium.
McVicar won the pin end of a biased line in race 2 and led the fleet out to the left and, you would have thought, an unassailable lead by the first mark. Hitting hard left on every subsequent beat as it had worked on the opening beat proved that his lead was not built on solid foundations though as Paul 'hit the trees on the right' Watson got a lift from heaven on the last beat to take the lead and the win from McVicar in second and Bolland third.
Bolland, using McVicar's playbook from race 2, led the fleet at the first mark in race 3 and opened it up nicely on the second beat. However, his lead proved nothing but a house of cards as he rather carelessly delved into Watson's playbook from race 1 with a messy nosedive and a chilly swim. The main beneficiary was Pete Ellis (Stewartby), he of the foolish grin (http://www.yachtsandyachting.com/news/192118/RS300-Nationals-at-Exe-day-1), who had that same foolish grin on his face again as he wrapped up a decisive win from the ever-consistent McVicar and Richard Le Mare (Notts County).
In the clubhouse it was clear that McVicar was the overnight leader, building a decent series by dint of sailing fast and not falling in. Would he keep it up on day 2? Would he heck! Of more immediate concern, though, was the excellent free beer and chilli by Richard Hargreaves with added thermonuclear sauce if required.
If day 1 was full on then day 2 was weapons-grade windy with gusts into the high twenties (they seemed more) and a sub-zero wind chill so it was unsurprising there was a reluctance to head out early with most of the fleet arriving at the start area pretty much as the warning gun sounded.
Bolland led early on and then the mother of all gusts hit the fleet on the opening run. The result was carnage with only Bolland staying upright and taking the win as a result, from Watson and Le Mare. McVicar, unfortunately, had to retire after an issue with his main halliard, the issue being that it broke.
The wind was equally squally for race 5 although only the hardy rump of the fleet was left to 'enjoy' it. Some would say the foolhardy rump. Bolland won again, this time from Ellis and Watson who had had a ding-dong battle over the last couple of laps.
And on to the final race. Thankfully the wind had subsided a bit but Bolland, proving that there is life in the old dog yet, won again after a really close tussle all the way round with Watson. Ellis rounded off a useful regatta with another third.
If it was cold for the competitors, spare a thought for the committee and rescue boat crews who did sterling work all weekend. They were last seen under the hot showers with their drysuits still on, although that could just be a Stewartby thing. Thanks anyway.
Next stop is fleet training at Thorney Island next weekend followed by the Emergence of Seasons at Queen Mary and the Spring Champs at Bowmoor on 10-11 March.


"IN LIEU OF UNITY! EN LUGAR DE LA UNIDAD"
Home » "IN LIEU OF UNITY! EN LUGAR DE LA UNIDAD"
A review is presented of the exhibition "In Lieu of Unity/En Lugar de la Unidad," curated by Alicia Ritson, featuring the work of artists such as Margarita Cabrera, Mario Garcia Torres, and Teresa Margolles, at the Ballroom Marfa in Marfa, Texas.
The article provides information on several art exhibitions taking place in 2012 including exhibitions featuring works by artists such as Takashi Murakami, Rachel Kneebone, Teresa Margolles and Eric Fertman.
The article reviews the art exhibition "Hummer H2," by Margarita Cabrera in New York City.
The article presents a review of an art exhibition by Margarita Cabrera at the Talley Dunn gallery in Dallas, Texas.


text:
Pulsar Instruments awarded Technology Strategy Board grant
5th ago 2013
The leading noise measurement product manufacturer is set to develop new innovative products for safety professionals
Pulsar Instruments have been awarded a substantial grant to develop new noise measurement products. The Yorkshire-based noise measurement product company, Pulsar Instruments plc, have been awarded a grant from the UK's innovation agency, Technology Strategy Board to develop new innovative products to be used by safety professionals around the world.
Pulsar Instruments plc, founded in 1969 with nearly 45 years of experience in noise measurement and monitoring in the workplace, today announces that it has been awarded a grant totalling £151,000 by the government-backed Technology Strategy Board. The award, made as part of the Technology Strategy Board's 'Smart' scheme, will be used to accelerate the development of highly innovative hybrid devices to measure noise levels in the workplace together with supporting software.
This funding will energise the existing range of products and, by applying innovative research and development, it will significantly enhance the organisation's market position in both the UK and overseas.
New project will include the development of wireless noise measurement technology
The project focuses on producing simple to use wireless noise measuring devices, with a programmable core, fully compliant with prevailing regulatory requirements for noise exposure regulations around the world.
The Smart scheme (previously known as Grant for Research and Development) is specifically designed to support innovation and stimulate the UK economy. The scheme offers funding to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to engage in R&D projects in the strategically important areas of science, engineering and technology and fund successful new products, processes and services. The selection process is highly competitive, and companies are assessed against rigorous criteria.
Pulsar Instruments' innovative approach to product design scored exceptionally high
Pulsar Instruments' innovative approach to the product design scored exceptionally high in all assessment areas, leading to the major grant award. TSB grant assessors recognised the clear business potential created by Pulsar Instruments' at local and international level, together with a strong commitment to support the local economy through employment and training opportunities.
Sarah Brack, Managing Director of Pulsar Instruments, said: "We are thrilled that Technology Strategy Board is funding this important project. The impact on the company will be significant in many ways. It will strengthen Pulsar's competitive position in the UK and across the globe and will secure the future of its employees".
About Pulsar Instruments plc
Pulsar Instruments Plc, founded in 1969 and has nearly 45 years of experience in noise measurement and noise monitoring in the workplace, providing compliant, common sense, practical solutions for industrial and other noise measurement applications via its worldwide distribution network. All noise level measurement instrumentation is above all robust, easy to use, yet accurate; always fully complying with the latest applicable standards - today IEC 61672.
About the Technology Strategy Board
The Technology Strategy Board is the UK's innovation agency. Its goal is to accelerate economic growth by stimulating and supporting business-led innovation. Sponsored by the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS), the Technology Strategy Board brings together business, research and the public sector, supporting and accelerating the development of innovative products and services to meet market needs, tackle major societal challenges and help build the future economy. For more information please visit www.innovateuk.org
About Smart
Managed by the Technology Strategy Board, the Smart scheme offers funding to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to engage in R&D projects in the strategically important areas of science, engineering and technology, from which successful new products, processes and services could emerge. http://www.innovateuk.org/deliveringinnovation/smart.ashx

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


With thousands of animals in need of finding their happy homes each year, the Saskatoon SPCA relies upon community partners to assist in this important task.
The Saskatoon SPCA would like to gratefully acknowledge its satellite adoption partners who have helped to place a real spotlight on adoptable Saskatoon SPCA animals. Through their donation of space, time, and energy, these companies have helped to make a real difference in the lives of animals in our community.


text:
Q: transposing chunks of data in matlab I have been struggling with his problem for so long and going back to excel and wasting a ton of time and energy.
I was hoping I could solve this problem in Matlab as i have a lot of data.
My instrument spits out data as follows:
TIME  PAR  ETS
01:30  0     0
01:30  40    300
01:30  100   500
.
01:30  1500 800

followed by the next time
02:30 0     0
02:30 40    344
02:30 100   653
.
.
02:30  1500 1700

and so every hour or so I get a PAR vs ETS curve but all the data is stacked one below the other but I would have preferred that i had a file with one PAR column and each ETS column stacked by its side with the the time as header likewise:
PAR   01:30   02:30
   0      0       0
  40      300     344
  100     500     653
.
.
1500      800    1700

I hope I was clear.
Would it be possible to do this in Matlab as I am a novice but I would like to start somewhere.
Thanks a lot.

A: If the values for PAR are identical for each time period (as they are in your example). Then you could use unique and table/join to build your transposed table.
First use unique to get the column names from the time column and the values for the PAR column. For example
T = readtable('data.txt');
var_names = unique(T.TIME);
row_values = unique(T.PAR);

Next create a base table with the PAR values as the first column
pivotTable = table(row_values,'VariableNames',{'PAR'});

Now you can loop over the variable names using join to append these as variables to the base table. This loop will have the following elements

*

*Select the rows for a specific time to create a sub-table for one set of time values

*Set the tables ETS column name to the current time value. Note that time values suchas 01:30 are not valid variable names. So, you can use matlab.lang.makeValidName to convert these values to appropriate names for your table columns.

*Use join to append this sub-table to the base-table

Here is an example of how this would work:
for v = var_names'
    selected_rows = strcmp(T.TIME,v{1});
    subTable = T(selected_rows,{'PAR', 'ETS'});
    subTable.Properties.VariableNames{2} =matlab.lang.makeValidName(v{1});
    pivotTable = join(pivotTable,subTable);
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Many are starting school this week. Some have already started. Watch the roads, and sidewalks, too! Many kids aren't used to their routine, yet. Best wishes to all the new college students, and their families that have had to send them off! Let's make this school year wonderful for all!!


text:
import Ember from 'ember';

var get = Ember.get;

/**

  WARNING: This interface is likely to change in order to accomodate https://github.com/emberjs/rfcs/pull/4

  ## Using BuildURLMixin

  To use url building, include the mixin when extending an adapter, and call `buildURL` where needed.
  The default behaviour is designed for RESTAdapter.

  ### Example

  ```javascript
  export default DS.Adapter.extend(BuildURLMixin, {
    findRecord: function(store, type, id, snapshot) {
      var url = this.buildURL(type.modelName, id, snapshot, 'findRecord');
      return this.ajax(url, 'GET');
    }
  });
  ```

  ### Attributes

  The `host` and `namespace` attributes will be used if defined, and are optional.

  @class BuildURLMixin
  @namespace DS
*/
export default Ember.Mixin.create({
  /**
    Builds a URL for a given type and optional ID.

    By default, it pluralizes the type's name (for example, 'post'
    becomes 'posts' and 'person' becomes 'people'). To override the
    pluralization see [pathForType](#method_pathForType).

    If an ID is specified, it adds the ID to the path generated
    for the type, separated by a `/`.

    When called by RESTAdapter.findMany() the `id` and `snapshot` parameters
    will be arrays of ids and snapshots.

    @method buildURL
    @param {String} modelName
    @param {(String|Array|Object)} id single id or array of ids or query
    @param {(DS.Snapshot|Array)} snapshot single snapshot or array of snapshots
    @param {String} requestType
    @param {Object} query object of query parameters to send for query requests.
    @return {String} url
  */
  buildURL(modelName, id, snapshot, requestType, query) {
    switch (requestType) {
      case 'findRecord':
        return this.urlForFindRecord(id, modelName, snapshot);
      case 'findAll':
        return this.urlForFindAll(modelName, snapshot);
      case 'query':
        return this.urlForQuery(query, modelName);
      case 'queryRecord':
        return this.urlForQueryRecord(query, modelName);
      case 'findMany':
        return this.urlForFindMany(id, modelName, snapshot);
      case 'findHasMany':
        return this.urlForFindHasMany(id, modelName, snapshot);
      case 'findBelongsTo':
        return this.urlForFindBelongsTo(id, modelName, snapshot);
      case 'createRecord':
        return this.urlForCreateRecord(modelName, snapshot);
      case 'updateRecord':
        return this.urlForUpdateRecord(id, modelName, snapshot);
      case 'deleteRecord':
        return this.urlForDeleteRecord(id, modelName, snapshot);
      default:
        return this._buildURL(modelName, id);
    }
  },

  /**
    @method _buildURL
    @private
    @param {String} modelName
    @param {String} id
    @return {String} url
  */
  _buildURL(modelName, id) {
    var url = [];
    var host = get(this, 'host');
    var prefix = this.urlPrefix();
    var path;

    if (modelName) {
      path = this.pathForType(modelName);
      if (path) { url.push(path); }
    }

    if (id) { url.push(encodeURIComponent(id)); }
    if (prefix) { url.unshift(prefix); }

    url = url.join('/');
    if (!host && url && url.charAt(0) !== '/') {
      url = '/' + url;
    }

    return url;
  },

  /**
   Builds a URL for a `store.findRecord(type, id)` call.

   Example:

   ```app/adapters/user.js
   import DS from 'ember-data';

   export default DS.JSONAPIAdapter.extend({
     urlForFindRecord(id, modelName, snapshot) {
       let baseUrl = this.buildURL();
       return `${baseUrl}/users/${snapshot.adapterOptions.user_id}/playlists/${id}`;
     }
   });
   ```

   @method urlForFindRecord
   @param {String} id
   @param {String} modelName
   @param {DS.Snapshot} snapshot
   @return {String} url

   */
  urlForFindRecord(id, modelName, snapshot) {
    return this._buildURL(modelName, id);
  },

  /**
   Builds a URL for a `store.findAll(type)` call.

   Example:

   ```app/adapters/comment.js
   import DS from 'ember-data';

   export default DS.JSONAPIAdapter.extend({
     urlForFindAll(id, modelName, snapshot) {
       return 'data/comments.json';
     }
   });
   ```

   @method urlForFindAll
   @param {String} modelName
   @param {DS.SnapshotRecordArray} snapshot
   @return {String} url
   */
  urlForFindAll(modelName, snapshot) {
    return this._buildURL(modelName);
  },

  /**
   Builds a URL for a `store.query(type, query)` call.

   Example:

   ```app/adapters/application.js
   import DS from 'ember-data';

   export default DS.RESTAdapter.extend({
     host: 'https://api.github.com',
     urlForQuery (query, modelName) {
       switch(modelName) {
         case 'repo':
           return `https://api.github.com/orgs/${query.orgId}/repos`;
         default:
           return this._super(...arguments);
       }
     }
   });
   ```

   @method urlForQuery
   @param {Object} query
   @param {String} modelName
   @return {String} url
   */
  urlForQuery(query, modelName) {
    return this._buildURL(modelName);
  },

  /**
   Builds a URL for a `store.queryRecord(type, query)` call.

   Example:

   ```app/adapters/application.js
   import DS from 'ember-data';

   export default DS.RESTAdapter.extend({
     urlForQueryRecord({ slug }, modelName) {
       let baseUrl = this.buildURL();
       return `${baseUrl}/${encodeURIComponent(slug)}`;
     }
   });
   ```

   @method urlForQueryRecord
   @param {Object} query
   @param {String} modelName
   @return {String} url
   */
  urlForQueryRecord(query, modelName) {
    return this._buildURL(modelName);
  },

  /**
   Builds a URL for coalesceing multiple `store.findRecord(type, id)
   records into 1 request when the adapter's `coalesceFindRequests`
   property is true.

   Example:

   ```app/adapters/application.js
   import DS from 'ember-data';

   export default DS.RESTAdapter.extend({
     urlForFindMany(ids, modelName) {
       let baseUrl = this.buildURL();
       return `${baseUrl}/coalesce`;
     }
   });
   ```

   @method urlForFindMany
   @param {Array} ids
   @param {String} modelName
   @param {Array} snapshots
   @return {String} url
   */
  urlForFindMany(ids, modelName, snapshots) {
    return this._buildURL(modelName);
  },

  /**
   Builds a URL for fetching a async hasMany relationship when a url
   is not provided by the server.

   Example:

   ```app/adapters/application.js
   import DS from 'ember-data';

   export default DS.JSONAPIAdapter.extend({
     urlForFindHasMany(id, modelName, snapshot) {
       let baseUrl = this.buildURL(id, modelName);
       return `${baseUrl}/relationships`;
     }
   });
   ```

   @method urlForFindHasMany
   @param {String} id
   @param {String} modelName
   @param {DS.Snapshot} snapshot
   @return {String} url
   */
  urlForFindHasMany(id, modelName, snapshot) {
    return this._buildURL(modelName, id);
  },

  /**
   Builds a URL for fetching a async belongsTo relationship when a url
   is not provided by the server.

   Example:

   ```app/adapters/application.js
   import DS from 'ember-data';

   export default DS.JSONAPIAdapter.extend({
     urlForFindBelongsTo(id, modelName, snapshot) {
       let baseUrl = this.buildURL(id, modelName);
       return `${baseUrl}/relationships`;
     }
   });
   ```

   @method urlForFindBelongsTo
   @param {String} id
   @param {String} modelName
   @param {DS.Snapshot} snapshot
   @return {String} url
   */
  urlForFindBelongsTo(id, modelName, snapshot) {
    return this._buildURL(modelName, id);
  },

  /**
   Builds a URL for a `record.save()` call when the record was created
   locally using `store.createRecord()`.

   Example:

   ```app/adapters/application.js
   import DS from 'ember-data';

   export default DS.RESTAdapter.extend({
     urlForCreateRecord(modelName, snapshot) {
       return this._super(...arguments) + '/new';
     }
   });
   ```

   @method urlForCreateRecord
   @param {String} modelName
   @param {DS.Snapshot} snapshot
   @return {String} url
   */
  urlForCreateRecord(modelName, snapshot) {
    return this._buildURL(modelName);
  },

  /**
   Builds a URL for a `record.save()` call when the record has been update locally.

   Example:

   ```app/adapters/application.js
   import DS from 'ember-data';

   export default DS.RESTAdapter.extend({
     urlForUpdateRecord(id, modelName, snapshot) {
       return `/${id}/feed?access_token=${snapshot.adapterOptions.token}`;
     }
   });
   ```

   @method urlForUpdateRecord
   @param {String} id
   @param {String} modelName
   @param {DS.Snapshot} snapshot
   @return {String} url
   */
  urlForUpdateRecord(id, modelName, snapshot) {
    return this._buildURL(modelName, id);
  },

  /**
   Builds a URL for a `record.save()` call when the record has been deleted locally.

   Example:

   ```app/adapters/application.js
   import DS from 'ember-data';

   export default DS.RESTAdapter.extend({
     urlForDeleteRecord(id, modelName, snapshot) {
       return this._super(...arguments) + '/destroy';
     }
   });
   ```

   @method urlForDeleteRecord
   @param {String} id
   @param {String} modelName
   @param {DS.Snapshot} snapshot
   @return {String} url
   */
  urlForDeleteRecord(id, modelName, snapshot) {
    return this._buildURL(modelName, id);
  },

  /**
    @method urlPrefix
    @private
    @param {String} path
    @param {String} parentURL
    @return {String} urlPrefix
  */
  urlPrefix(path, parentURL) {
    var host = get(this, 'host');
    var namespace = get(this, 'namespace');

    if (!host || host === '/') {
      host = '';
    }

    if (path) {
      // Protocol relative url
      if (/^\/\//.test(path) || /http(s)?:\/\//.test(path)) {
        // Do nothing, the full host is already included.
        return path;

      // Absolute path
      } else if (path.charAt(0) === '/') {
        return `${host}${path}`;
      // Relative path
      } else {
        return `${parentURL}/${path}`;
      }
    }

    // No path provided
    var url = [];
    if (host) { url.push(host); }
    if (namespace) { url.push(namespace); }
    return url.join('/');
  },

  /**
    Determines the pathname for a given type.

    By default, it pluralizes the type's name (for example,
    'post' becomes 'posts' and 'person' becomes 'people').

    ### Pathname customization

    For example if you have an object LineItem with an
    endpoint of "/line_items/".

    ```app/adapters/application.js
    import DS from 'ember-data';

    export default DS.RESTAdapter.extend({
      pathForType: function(modelName) {
        var decamelized = Ember.String.decamelize(modelName);
        return Ember.String.pluralize(decamelized);
      }
    });
    ```

    @method pathForType
    @param {String} modelName
    @return {String} path
  **/
  pathForType(modelName) {
    var camelized = Ember.String.camelize(modelName);
    return Ember.String.pluralize(camelized);
  }
});


text:
Under the Wide and Starry Sky: A Novel by Nancy Horan
NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • TODAY SHOW BOOK CLUB PICK • NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY THE WASHINGTON POST AND ST. LOUIS POST-DISPATCH
From the New York Times bestselling author of Loving Frank comes a much-anticipated second novel, which tells the improbable love story of Scottish writer Robert Louis Stevenson and his tempestuous American wife, Fanny.
At the age of thirty-five, Fanny Van de Grift Osbourne has left her philandering husband in San Francisco to set sail for Belgium—with her three children and nanny in tow—to study art. It is a chance for this adventurous woman to start over, to make a better life for all of them, and to pursue her own desires. Not long after her arrival, however, tragedy strikes, and Fanny and her children repair to a quiet artists' colony in France where she can recuperate. Emerging from a deep sorrow, she meets a lively Scot, Robert Louis Stevenson, ten years her junior, who falls instantly in love with the earthy, independent, and opinionated "belle Americaine."
Fanny does not immediately take to the slender young lawyer who longs to devote his life to writing—and who would eventually pen such classics as Treasure Island and The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. In time, though, she succumbs to Stevenson's charms, and the two begin a fierce love affair—marked by intense joy and harrowing darkness—that spans the decades and the globe. The shared life of these two strong-willed individuals unfolds into an adventure as impassioned and unpredictable as any of Stevenson's own unforgettable tales.
Praise for Under the Wide and Starry Sky
"A richly imagined [novel] of love, laughter, pain and sacrifice . . . Under the Wide and Starry Sky is a dual portrait, with Louis and Fanny sharing the limelight in the best spirit of teamwork—a romantic partnership."--USA Today
"Powerful . . . flawless . . . a perfect example of what a man and a woman will do for love, and what they can accomplish when it's meant to be."--Fort Worth Star-Telegram
"Horan's prose is gorgeous enough to keep a reader transfixed, even if the story itself weren't so compelling. I kept re-reading passages just to savor the exquisite wordplay. . . . Few writers are as masterful as she is at blending carefully researched history with the novelist's art."--The Dallas Morning News
"A classic artistic bildungsroman and a retort to the genre, a novel that shows how love and marriage can simultaneously offer inspiration and encumbrance."—The New York Times Book Review


text:
Béhoust ist eine französische Gemeinde mit  Einwohnern (Stand: ) im Département Yvelines in der Region Île-de-France. Sie gehört zum Arrondissement Rambouillet und zum Kanton Aubergenville (bis 2015: Kanton Montfort-l'Amaury). Die Einwohner werden Béhoustiens genannt.

Geographie
Béhoust liegt 22 Kilometer nordnordwestlich von Rambouillet. Die Nachbargemeinden von Béhoust sind Flexanville im Norden und Nordosten, Garancières im Osten, Millemont im Süden und Südosten sowie Orgerus im Westen.

Bevölkerungsentwicklung

Ab 1962 nur Einwohner mit Erstwohnsitz

Sehenswürdigkeiten
Siehe auch: Liste der Monuments historiques in Béhoust
 Kirche Saint-Hilaire aus dem 12. Jahrhundert
 Schloss Béhoust aus dem 18. Jahrhundert, Monument historique seit 1976

Literatur
 Le Patrimoine des Communes des Yvelines. Flohic Editions, Band 2, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-84234-070-1, S. 567–568.

Weblinks

Ort in der Île-de-France


11 in 1 credit card multi tool.
Lincoln electric magnum pro torch #K1783-3, PTW-20, 12.5 feet. This is a water cooled torch. It has no fittings such as collet or collet body. This torch has never been used.
Equipment Rental List - We've added to our Fleet!
Workmate ... excellent condition... I have 4 orange pegs for securing pieces.. it is the older and better version made better than the newer workmates.
Older workmate ... does not come with the plastic piece holders which go in the holes... vice works well..
Heavy Duty Washers 1 /2 "


Before going on this trip I scanned the last of the rolls that I shot before getting my Leica. So, once I return home you'll see much less from my XA. The two of us had a lot of fun since I bought it last summer and it has also seen a lot of film. Really, it's a great little camera and stopped down it does a really great job. However, I'm definitely looking forward to see more results from my Leica. I really liked the few rolls that I showed you already and I'm very much looking forward to seeing more.
Speaking of that last roll: These shots are from the roll in question. Don't worry, it doesn't mean that I'm running out of pictures to show you. I still have quite a number of shots left from previous rolls. I only felt like editing these because I was in the mood for beach pictures.
The beach can be a great place to shoot textures.
I actually like that I didn't properly adjust the focus. The softness in the background gives it a somewhat ethereal atmosphere.


greetings, turned 60 last year and bought my first bike. My second bike is an 02 R*. Would like any direction as to where to find aftermarket chrome accessories. Specifically looking for a chrome heel-toe shifter, similar to what is on an HD. I have tried surfing the web but not much luck finding stuff for my bike.
Most of the Yamaha accessories have been discontinued and are getting harder to find as well we have a few entrepreneurs buying all they can find to sell back to us lol.
Welcome. Lots of stuff on eBay. Just save your searches so you get emails when similar items are listed. A lot of the aluminum on our bikes can be stripped of the clear coat and polished to look almost as good as chrome.
As mentioned, you need to get your wish list together, and watch the various sources like a hawk.
Drifter is found of letting people know if you don't look early in the day, and often, somebody else will get the proverbial worm.
Watch the Classifieds here, and Craigslist and fleabay.
Representing Scorpion Gulch, Arizona. Ebay is your best bet for parts. Be patient and look every day.
Last edited by Doc_V; 08-11-2018, 11:11 PM.


text:
Q: build a bot in Azure online code editor I'm experiencing the following error whenever I attempt to build my Azure web app bot online. When I run build.cmd, deploy.cmd immediately fails with the following error. I've not been able to find any information on the web on how to resolve this issue. it's very odd because it goes away the following day. I'm able to build once, and then it fails for all subsequent builds. Very odd.
> build.cmd
An error has occurred during web site deployment.
'npm' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.

A: I am simply relaying information here. In the 'Build a bot' guide, it looks like someone else ran into your exact error above. There is a reply to that comment from someone that was able to circumvent the problem:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/bot-service/bot-service-build-online-code-editor?view=azure-bot-service-3.0

I had the same error when entering build.cmd in the App Service
  Editor.
For me it worked entering the command directly in the Console in the
  Azure Portal (under Development Tools in the App Service)
Hope this helps! :)

A: Yes, that's a weird error. But it has a workaround which will not impend your work.
You can go to Web App Bot => App settings. Open the App URL and add SCM into it. This will open up Kudo.
Click on Debug Console => CMD. Navigate to d:/home/site/wwwroot and then enter build.cmd command. This will build your Bot code.
I have recorded above-mentioned steps, watch - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NAtxPCfcPGU&t=5s
Hope this will help you!
Thanks,
Kasam Shaikh

A: Restart the Entire Web App, Web App Bot and try again.
this happened to me before. then i used this.
also i recommend to use Continous delivery/deployment. you won't able to think about these kind of errors.
Pre... Visual Studio Account, Devops project. you can simply configure. afterthat you don't need to publish at all the time.


text:
An Experimental Study to Estimate Loss of Prestress and Determining Fundamental Natural Frequecny of Prestressed Concrete Bridge
Prestressed Concrete (PSC) structures especially bridges are being largely used all over the world due to their multifarious advantages in terms of structural behaviour, economy as well as aesthetical aspects. However, many PSC structures deteriorate with time due to several factors which may lead to certain loss in their initial applied prestress. This loss may affect the structure's behaviour and its service life adversely and need to be checked. Such loss of prestress results in degradation of stiffness of the structure. A precise determination of prestress losses in prestressed concrete members is a complicated problem because the rate of loss due to one factor, such as relaxation of tendons, is continually being altered by changes in stress due to other factors, such as creep of concrete, fatigue, etc. It has been known that any change in the stiffness of the structure will change its natural frequency also. Hence, it may be possible to ascertain the loss by measurement of natural frequency at regular intervals. In this study, an effort has been made to know the natural frequency of a PSC structure by Vibration Method and determining the existing prestressing force to ascertain the loss of prestress.
Kumar Shashi Bhushan, Technical Officer, Dr. Rajeev Goel, Senior Principal Scientist, CSIR-CRRI, New Delhi, Dr. Awadhesh Kumar, Associate Professor, DTU, New Delhi.
Prestressed Concrete (PSC) is defined as concrete in which there have been introduced internal stresses [1] of such magnitudes and distribution that the stresses resulting from given external loading are counteracted to a desired degree. Pre-stressed concrete (PSC) structures are advantageous in terms of delaying cracks, saving materials, reducing deflection etc.
However, there is substantial difference between the desired and the actual prestressing forces in existing PSC structures. Hence, this difference leads to severe and critical serviceability and safety problems. This difference in prestressing force is due to losses in prestressing force over a period of time. It is known that the loss of the prestress force in tendon occurs due to elastic shortening and bending of concrete, creep and shrinkage of concrete, steel relaxation, anchorage slip, and frictional loss between tendon and its surrounding materials. Also, the loss of the prestressing force unexpectedly occurs due to damage or breakage of prestressing strands. If this loss in the prestress is deviating from the estimated loss in the design, the structure will not behave in a manner as envisaged during the design. Therefore, it is very important to estimate the prestress-loss by considering the fact that a prestressed concrete member should keep effective force at each significant level of loading, together with appropriate material properties for that time during the service life of the structure.
To have trouble free service from pre-stressed concrete structures, lot of considerations are required at the time of construction. In the old existing bridges, durability aspect was usually ignored. Because of this, many times PSC structures develop defects [2] during their service life. The most common problems are corrosion of reinforcing steel and pre-stressing cables, cracks development, deflection, shrinkage of concrete, creep of concrete, etc. These defects may lead to loss of prestress force. It is important to note that there is no direct method to measure loss of pre-stress in old existing structures, where initial design data are not available.
Several researchers tried nondestructive evaluation methods such as vibration test [3] to estimate prestress loss in the PSC bridges. Based on the various researches, following is inferred [4]:
Loss of the prestress force in the structure results in the change in structural stiffness.
Loss of the prestress force changes vibration characteristics of the structure.
The change in structural stiffness can be estimated by monitoring changes in vibration characteristics of the structure.
Due to these, theoretical and experimental approach by using Rayleigh Method i.e. assuming conservative system of energy, correlating prestressing force and natural frequency is adopted for assessment in this study.
Advantages over RCC:
Cracking is highly reduced or eliminated.
Applying the prestressing forces deviating from the neutral axis induces moments which oppose those caused by externally applied loads, thus significantly reducing the deflection.
Smaller cross-section is required compared to RCC for the same imposed loads.
Smaller foundations due to reduction in self weight
Disadvantages over RCC:
The need for experienced & expert builders & engineers.
Initial cost of required equipment is very high.
Prestressed sections are brittle sections and are less fire resistant.
Prestress Losses:
Pre-stress loss is nothing but the reduction of initial applied prestress force in the cable with respect to time. In other words, loss in prestress is the difference between initial prestress and the effective prestress that remains in a member at a particular instant of time. Fig.ure-1 shows various losses occurred in the prestressing force immediately and over a period of time [4]. The present study is concerned with losses occurred over a period of time in Post-tensioned systems of prestressing.
Also, the various types of losses in prestressed systems can be categorized as per the occurrence of tensioning of tendons carried out before or after casting of concrete i.e. Pre-tensioning or Post-tensioning systems of prestressing as tabulated in Table-1.
In the present study, an attempt has been made to find the relation between natural frequency and prestressing force of a structure for determining the present prestressing force and consequently loss of prestress [5]. Theoretical study is carried out to generalize a relation between prestressing force (P) and fundamental natural frequency (ω1) of the structure. The evaluation of prestressing force in terms of natural frequency is utilized because it is feasible to extract the natural frequency of an existing as well as new structure with the help of instrumentation and other techniques.
So, by analyzing a mathematical inter-relationship between first fundamental natural frequency (ω1) and prestressing force (P) for a particular type of structure, it is possible to estimate the existing force in PSC structure if its frequency is known. The present study is done in accordance with a study conducted by Wang et al [6] and by using Rayleigh Method. The theoretical approach used in the referred paper is based on Rayleigh's method for getting an approximate value of natural frequency of a beam. Exact solutions of the model analysis problems are usually too cumbersome to obtain. In such situations, approximate methods can provide sufficiently accurate results to serve the purpose. Rayleigh's method can be used to estimate the lowest (or fundamental) frequency of a self-adjoint (conservative) continuous system.
Details of Specimen:
Test model required for the study is available at Dynamic Heavy Testing laboratory of CSIR-CRRI at Ghaziabad. The bridge model was constructed in the year 2007. The superstructure for 10 m effective span bridge consists of two longitudinal PSC girders with 0.2m thick cast-in-situ RCC slab above the girders. The PSC girders are simply supported on end supports. The concrete grade adopted for the PSC girder is M45 and for the cast-in-situ RCC slab is M30 [7]. The prestressing in each PSC girder is done using two cables consisting of 12T13. The cables are provided with 75 mm inner diameter (ID) and 81mm outer diameter (OD) of Corrugated HDPE sheathing. The correct cross section of PSC girder and plan showing locations of accelerometers on top of composite bridge model shown in Fig. 2&3. Firstly, an effort has been made to extract the present prestressing force in the cables of this bridge from the embedded load cells. Then, the natural frequency of the bridge has been evaluated using vibration based experimental study.
Structural Detail:
Following are the detail of the test model employed for study:
Effective span of girder (L) i.e. centre to centre of supports/bearings = 10.00 m
Moment of Inertial of composite Section (I): 4810871.50 cm4
Selected 7 ply 12.7 mm Φ (Low relaxation class-II strand, confirming IS 14268 : 1995)
Each 12 T13 cable consists of 12 Nos. 12.7 mm Φ low relaxation strands
The properties of prestress cables as given by the manufacturer are as follows:
Area of each 12T13 cable: 1184.40 mm2
Ultimate tensile strength: 1860.00 MPa
Breaking Load of the cable: 2204.00 kN
Anchorage slip at stressing end: 6mm
As per IRC:112-2011, Modulus of elasticity of concrete (Ec ):
Ec = Econcrete = 5000 √ fck MPa
Ec (M-30) = 0.27386x105 MPa
Ecj (j days) = 5000 √ fcj MPa
Mass per unit length of the beam (ρ): 1.70 ton/m
Es = 2.00 x 105 MPa
The cross sectional details of the composite girder showing tendon location are as shown in Fig.-2 and the plan showing location of sensors on the composite girder is shown in Fig.-3.
Figure 4: Natural frequency measurement scheme
In this experimental study, the pre-stressing force present in all the four cables is measured using the Load Cells. The change in stress level can be known by periodical measurement of the same. The force in pre-stressing steel can be measured by using Vibrating Wire (VW) Load Cells or Vibrating Wire (VW) Strain Gauges. To achieve the objective of the study, experimental as well as theoretical studies have been carried out. In the experimental study, the prestressing force present in the cable is found out by deriving reading from the load cell, instrumented at the time of construction. This has been done by deploying read out unit (GK-403) for finding frequency and then calculating the load using equation. The natural frequency of first mode of beam is obtained using FFT analyzer after vibration study as shown in Fig.-4. While in the theoretical study, a relationship between first natural frequency of beam and prestressing force in cables of the beam has been established using Rayleigh"s method. Finally a comparison between measured and calculated frequency is done for the feasibility of the adopted methodology.
Instrumentation of the Structure and Method adopted:
Photo 1: Installation of accelerometers for vibration study
Twelve accelerometers (PCB Piezotronics model T333B50), OROS FFT Analyzer, and an impact hammer are used to know the natural frequency of the beam. The FFT or Fast Fourier Transform analyzer is one of a useful tool in vibrational analysis. The FFT analysis uses the Fast Fourier Transformation algorithm in which a continuous time domain gets converted to continuous frequency domain including magnitude as well as phase information. Accelerometer is an electromechanical device that measures the acceleration forces. These forces could be static, like the constant force of gravity, or they could be dynamic – due to moving or vibrating the accelerometer. For obtaining the natural frequency of the post-tensioned beam, the adopted procedure and set-up is shown in the Fig.-4, where the components of data acquisition system has been separately shown and the functions of each can be clearly understood.
The following steps have been used for the vibration study of the full scale composite bridge girder:
The beam was cleaned and location for accelerometers marked.
Grease is applied at the surface where sensors have to be placed in order to make perfect contact
Twelve accelerometers were fixed as per the detail below (refer Fig.3.4):
3 numbers at Quarter span (towards roller end)
3 numbers at Mid span
3 numbers at Quarter span
3 numbers at support over rocker
The connections were made between accelerometers, analyzer and displayer.
Configuration setting has to be done for each and every accelerometer before installation of the same.
The Girder was then subjected to hammering effect using the hammer.
At supports, both quarters and mid span, hammering effect had been given on the top of the slab so that entire bridge may be covered.
The Frequency vs Acceleration graphs were obtained using the displayer.
The Frequency of the structure is then found out from the graph.
Theoretical Analysis of Composite Bridge girder:
Theoretical study is carried out to generalize a relation between prestressing force (P) and fundamental natural frequency (ω1) of the structure. So, by analyzing a mathematical inter-relation between first fundamental natural frequency (ω1) and prestressing force (P), it is possible to estimate the existing force in PSC structure if frequency is known [8]. The theoretical approach used in the referred paper is based on Rayleigh's method for getting an approximate value of natural frequency of a beam. Exact solutions of the modal analysis problem are usually too cumbersome to obtain [9]. In such situations, approximate methods can provide sufficiently accurate results to serve the purpose. Rayleigh's method can be used to estimate the lowest (or fundamental) frequency of a system. In this study, simply supported beam with parabolic tendon profile has been analyzed using the mathematical approach as shown in Fig.-5. The same mathematical approach is utilized to analyze the single span PSC composite girder, on which experimental studies have been carried out. This method is used to determine the approximate value of fundamental natural frequency. This method is based on the principle that if the system is conservative, the maximum kinetic energy (Tmax) is equal to the maximum potential energy (Vmax). By equating both Tmax and Vmax, the fundamental natural frequency ω1 can be obtained.
Figure 5: Simply supported beam with parabolic duct profile
Natural frequencies of bridges have certain sensitivity to prestressing force [10], so the identification of effective prestressing force based on bridge's natural frequencies is an effective method. The behaviour of prestressed beam can be described as a combination of two sub-systems: a compressive concrete beam and a tensioned cable. The dynamic equilibrium equations of the two sub systems are established using Rayleigh Method of structural vibration analysis. Based on the coupling analysis and processing of the vibration equation of sub systems, a calculation method of natural frequency of beam is derived and fundamental frequency can be calculated.
This method is used to determine the approximate value of fundamental natural frequency.
The kinetic energy of Prestressed Concrete Beam is expressed as:
Where, ρ(x) mass per unit length, y is the harmonic moving equation assumed as:
y = w(x) cosωt.
w(x) is assumed as vertical deformed shape function of the beam. Then the maximum kinetic energy (Tmax) can be expressed as:
By ignoring work done by shear forces, the potential energy of the deformed beam can be expressed as:
Where M is the bending moment expressed as:
By substituting M and dθ from equations (4) and (5) in (3), we get, the maximum value of V as:
By putting Tmax = Vmax, the fundamental natural frequency 'ω1' can be obtained as:
In this case of considered specimen for vibration study, the approximate fundamental natural frequency can be obtained as:
ω1 = Fundamental Natural Frequency
E = Modulus of Elasticity
I = Moment of Inertial
K = where g0 is unit weight of the beam
P = Prestressing force
L = Effective Span of Girder
e1 & e2 = Eccentricity above and below neutral axis
ρ(x) = Weight of beam per running unit
By putting the values of EI, K, ρ, P, L, C1, C2, e1 & e2 in equation we get, ω12 = 35007.13
First Natural Frequency 'f' of structure = ω1 /2π = 29.93 Hz
Measurement through read out unit has been carried out to find the values of the frequency from load cells and then converting it into prestressing force using the equation as per calibration certificate of load cells:
Force (ton-f) = gauge factor x (zero reading-current reading) / 1000
The data obtained from load cells are tabulated in the Table-2 as below:
The results for existing and initial prestressing force in tendons are given in Table -3, loss of prestress along with percentage loss is calculated and tabulated in Table -4 as below.
Based on the initial applied prestressing force in tendons and the calculated existing prestressing force, loss of prestress can be worked out during last 10 years as given below in Table -4:
The loss observed is quite uniform throughout. The slight variation could be due to the application of successive prestressing in all the cables. So, there might be some loss of prestress occurred in the cables at the time of application of prestress. Spectrum of the vertical vibration (Frequency vs Acceleration) has also been processed out and some of the results have been shown in Graph-1 and 2. From the spectrum, results of estimation of first frequency of vibration for the span from this experimental study are found to be in the range of 24.00 Hz to 26.00 Hz. From the spectrum of the vertical vibration, it is observed that the natural frequencies for each location are different. It could be due to the reason of local stiffness because global excitation is probably can not achieved, so the effect of local stiffness of girders or low stiffness of the slab has made it of variable frequency. The theoretical and experimental values of fundamental frequency of structure are given in Table-5.
Results of estimation of first frequency of vibration for the span from this experimental and theoretical study are given in Table.6. From the graphs, it is found that the minimum frequency measured in vibration study is 24.00 Hz.
Theoretical and experimental results:
From the graphs, it is observed that the natural frequencies for each location are different. It could be due to the local stiffness because global excitation is probably could not achieved, so the effect of local stiffness of girders or low stiffness of the slab has made it variable frequency. From the theoretical value of natural frequency, the prestressing force P1 in the cables has determined and respective values for P2, P3 and P4 have calculated by using Table.3. The values for P1, P2, P3 and P4 are tabulated in Table.7.
Test results obtained from theoretical as well as experimental studies, it can be seen that the method used for estimating the natural frequency and prestressing force is quite satisfying and could be applicable for different PSC structures. However the result shows a variation of about 21% with respect to experimental results. This variation could be due to the following reasons:
The material property of concrete changes with time, because of which certain parameters which depends on the material property of concrete like flexure rigidity will also get changed to some extent. Since these are being utilized in the analytical study, their variation could have affected the final result of estimated natural frequency.
Fixity of the support bearings may get changed over a period of time due to various reasons, which in turn changes the bending moment of the beam. Since, in the analytical study, supports are assumed to be perfectly hinged and perfectly roller, so actual bending moments might be different than the bending moments computed assuming to be perfectly behaving supports.
Spalling of the concrete has been observed in the beam at few locations. Thereby, the cross-section of the girders also gets altered from the designed girder section.
In the theoretical analysis of beam, the value of modulus of elasticity is estimated on the basis of M30 and M45 grade of concrete (which was used in construction), disregarding the fact that after certain period of time the concrete gained some strength. The bridge has undergone fatigue testing of more than 1.4 million cycles due to which distress might have occurred.
The following conclusions have been derived from this study:
Forces in all the prestressing strands are found to be less than the initial force applied to these strands about 10 years ago.
The Fundamental frequency of single span prestressed concrete composite girder has been determined using vibration based damage detection technique and the fundamental frequency of structure obtained is in the range of 24.00 Hz to 30.00 Hz.
Theoretical study has also been carried out to determine the natural frequency of the Structure and the frequency obtained as 31.63 Hz.
The theoretically estimated natural frequency of the span is found to be more than the frequencies obtained from experimental study. This variation is between 15-20%, which could be due to change in boundary conditions, material properties, sectional properties, support condition, etc. over a period of time.
With the passage of time, in future, the prestress will further reduce and correspondingly the fundamental frequency will also vary. Thus by keeping continuous or regular monitoring, the relation between prestressing force and fundamental frequency can be established which can be used as an effective non destructive technique of determining prestress level in a PSC structure.
The authors are thankful to Director, CSIR-Central Road Research Institute, for providing the opportunity to carry out the work reported here.
Halvonik, J., Dolnak, J., and Borzovic, V., "Long-term losses of prestress in Pre-cast members cast from HPC." Concrete and Concrete structures conference, Elsevier, vol. 81-86, (2013).
Cawley, P., and Adams, R. D., "The location of defects in structures from measurements of natural frequency", Journal of Strain Analysis, 80(8), 49-57 (1979)23. Clough, R.W., and Penzien, J., Dynamic of Structures, McGraw Hill. Instrumentation Techniques to Monitor Loss of Prestress and Corrosion of Steel in Pre-Stressed Concrete. Bridge and structure Report No.-34, RDSO, 21 June 2001.
Kim J. T., Ryu Y.S., and Yun C.B., "vibration-based method to detect prestress-loss in beam-type bridges." Smart Structures and Materials, SPIE, vol. 5057 (2003).
Kim J.T., Na, W.B., Ryu, Y.S., Park, J.H., Lee, J.M., and Lee S.Y., "vibration based damage monitoring algorithms for prestress-loss in PSC girder Bridges" Sensors and Smart structure technologies for civil, mechanical and aerospace system, SPIE vol. 6932. (2008).
IS: 456:2000, Indian Standard Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, (2002).
Wang. T.H., Huang, R., and Wang, T.W., "The Variation of Flexural Rigidity for Post-Tensioned Prestressed Concrete Beams." Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 300-308 (2013).
Li, H., Lv, Z., and Liu, J., "assessment of prestress force in Bridges using structural dynamic responses under moving vehicles." Mathematical problems in engineering, vol. 2013, (2013).
Jain, S.K., Murty, C.V.R., and Kamle, S., "Experimental Study on Natural Frequency of Prestressed Concrete Beams." RDSO (2003).
Saiidi, M., Douglas, B., and Feng, S., "Prestress force effect on vibration frequency of concrete bridges", Journal of Structural Engineering,, ASCE, 120(7), 2233-2241 (1994).
Yaoting, Z., and Ruige, L., "Natural Frequency of full pre-stressed concrete beam." Transaction of Tianjan University, ISSN 1006-4982, vol. 13, No. 5, (October 2007).
NBM&CW September 2017
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Home prices across the nation are at or above their pre-recession levels and are rising faster than the rate of inflation. The price for homes is approaching 2006 levels, just before the foreclosure crisis and Great Recession. There are key differences between the surge in housing prices in 2018 and the bubble burst of 2006 — like significantly fewer speculative housing starts today compared to the mid-2000s — and understanding the differences is critical to knowing how high housing costs may affect the economy. Click here for the CityLab article.
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Lower Makefield Township recently adopted regulations for homeowners wishing to rent out space in their homes using online booking agencies. Supervisors voted 4-1 in favor of an ordinance regulating short-term rentals and requiring property owners using websites like Airbnb to get township approval or face a $1,000 fine and up to 90 days in jail. The permit allows owners to rent their entire home, or up to two bedrooms in a single property. Homeowners do not need to occupy the property if renting the entire house, but they cannot book any single renter for less than seven days. They also cannot rent out to the same person more than 30 days in a single year. Owners must submit a floor plan when applying for the permit, which is only good for the calendar year in which it is issued, and only one type of accommodation will be allowed at a single property. If a homeowner receives a permit to rent an entire home but later wants to rent only a single bedroom, they would need to apply for a new permit. Township officials said the permit fee amounts were pending supervisor approval in an upcoming resolution.
The Bristol Borough zoning hearing board unanimously denied a proposal to repurpose the former St. Ann's School and Convent into 22 condominium units. Northampton-based BG Holding Ltd. had requested a variance from local code to allow the condos in the borough's R-2 residential district on Jefferson Avenue, bordered by Logan, Pear and Pond streets. The plans called for 16 condos in the three-story former school and six on the two-story convent next door with 54 parking spaces in an onsite parking garage. The parking spaces were one less than the borough's code requirement for two off-street spaces per unit, plus an additional off-street space for every two units to account for guests and visitors. Vlad Brodsky, principal of BG Holding, offered to reduce the school to 15 units, lowering the parking requirement from 55 to 52 spaces and removing the need for a second variance. Brodsky also commented that the condos would improve the quality of the neighborhood. About 30 residents in attendance remarked to the board that the project could bring additional traffic to an already congested area. Borough solicitor William Salerno, speaking on behalf of Council President Ralph DiGuiseppe, also made a statement opposing the condos on the grounds that they packed too much into that part of town. Last year, borough zoners denied plans for a day school and "overnight accommodations for intellectually challenged individuals" at the site.
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Chadds Ford Township supervisors approved a request for upgrading a sewer. Supervisors Frank Murphy and Samantha Reiner gave approval for The Henderson Group to upgrade the Knights Bridge Wastewater Treatment Plant on Brandywine Drive, which processes the sewage from Henderson's property in Painters Crossing, other nearby properties and the Chadds Ford Business Campus. As previously reported, plans for the upgrade include doubling the plant's capacity and covering the new facility to cut down on odors. Harvey Lane resident Eric Gartner thanked Henderson's general counsel John Coyle for listening to his concerns about improving the quality of the stream that runs through his property, Gartner previously explained that the faults of the old plant killed off the stream, leaving it lifeless. Work on site will likely begin in the spring of 2019.
Upper Darby's approval to redevelop almost all of the 17.5-acre Drexeline Shopping Center in Upper Darby to a mixed-use area is being appealed by three township residents. Bonnie Hallam, Janice Haman and Donald Fields filed a civil appeal in the county Common Pleas Court on July 27 asking to reverse the June 28 decision of the Upper Darby Township Zoning Hearing Board that provided 11 variances, a special exception and any other variance or relief for MCBH Drexeline Plaza LP to update the 68-year-old shopping center at Township Line and State roads, currently in a C-2 Traditional General Commercial District. MCBH is planning to construct a 142-unit apartment building, an 800-unit self-storage building, a Wawa, an expanded 75,000-square-foot Shop Rite supermarket, a medical center and an underground parking garage for 190 vehicles and a walking trail along the Darby Creek. During a number of public meetings on the project, it was reported that some of the buildings on the land will need to be knocked down or rebuilt. The appellants are targeting variances related to environmental impact that were granted by the three-person zoning board, specifically about stream buffers along the Darby Creek at the back of the property and use of impervious space dictated by code. The appeal later claims that the board "abused its discretion and/or committed errors of law" in three areas as it pertains to environmental concerns: not weighting a letter submitted by the Darby Creek Valley Association about storm water runoff in the area; the contradiction of findings of fact and evidence in developing the project requiring 70 percent or less of impervious land; and eliminating entirely the 50-foot buffer on either side of the Darby Creek.
Ridley Township's Board of Commissioners approved an ordinance putting into place new rules and regulations governing peddling and soliciting in the township. The new ordinance establishes prohibitions for entry upon "no soliciting" signed premises, for aggressive peddling or soliciting, and addresses procedures and criteria for eligibility of a new permit under suspension or revocation. Also spelled out in the ordinance are rules of conduct for solicitation/peddling and appeal procedures for suspension or revocation. The ordinance sets a fee schedule — the fee for a single peddling/solicitation (P/S) permit will be $250, plus $100 for each additional permit. The fee exempts charitable, religious or philanthropic organizations whose proceeds are applied to their cause, but they must register daily with the township police department. Any school, political or civic organization, or service club whose principal office is located in the township, will not be required to register. Daily registration with the police department is required for every person licensed to solicit or peddle. Township Manager Ed Pisani said there have been some complaints about aggressive peddling or soliciting, and the new ordinance addresses that by immediately revoking a permit.
Bridgeport residents John and Diane Gundrum would often attend borough council meetings to provide suggestions on how to make Bridgeport Borough "come alive again." After one meeting, the council president approached the couple and suggested they start an organization where their beliefs, ideas and goals for the borough could be heard. In January, the pair founded Growing Bridgeport Together, a nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting programs and events involving community organizations, artists and musicians for the development and improvement of the community. Their first event, Twilight on the River, debuted in May with more than 1,200 attendees. Twilight on the River is held on the second and fourth Wednesdays of each month from May through October, from 4:30 to 8 p.m. at 98 Dekalb Pike along the Schuylkill River. Individuals interested in joining Growing Bridgeport Together should contact info@growingbridgeport.org or twilightmarketinfo@growingbridgeport.org.
A Pennsburg Borough resident appeared at a recent council meeting on behalf of himself and other neighbors asking the council to help control the spread of bamboo from a neighboring property. The resident passed out thick pieces of bamboo cut from a 17-foot stalk on his property and photos of the plant, which can grow a foot a day, poking through a piece of plywood. According to a Pennsylvania Department of Community and Natural Resources fact sheet, golden bamboo spreads quickly by underground rhizomes and will often find its way out of confinement. Council directed solicitor Matthew Hovey to create an ordinance allowing municipal officials to deal with invasive grasses. Once written, the proposed ordinance will need to be advertised and a public hearing will need to be held before it is adopted.
Upper Dublin Township's plans for a new library in the Fort Washington Office Park have come up against a nearly 70-year-old agreement between the original real estate developer and the township. Signed in 1954, the document promises to keep traffic from the office park off township streets. A second ordinance signed in 1999 further protects Camp Hill Street. Homeowners in the area surrounding the library's future home are wielding the agreement against a proposal that suggests building a driveway from the library onto Highland Avenue or potentially allowing turns onto Camp Hill Road — both seemingly prohibited by the document. Township officials are unsure how binding a document whose authors are long gone is and say impact on congestion in the area will be minimal. Commissioners plan to propose solutions that are sensitive to both sides of the issue at a board meeting on Tuesday, Aug. 14.
Public planning meetings can be contentious, to say the least. If you've never had the pleasure of attending a public meeting yourself, NBC's "Parks and Recreation" did a pretty good job of capturing the anger, absurdity and attention deficit that can animate the typical town hall presentation: Government officials present some anodyne proposal — whether to protect a bike lane, for example, or upgrade an elementary school playground — and a parade of people march up to a microphone to scream obscenities at them, interspersed by another, competing parade of people screaming obscenities at the first parade. Rather than sit through another rerun of this acrimonious production, urban planners in Philadelphia are increasingly trying to shape the meeting format to fit the subject matter in an effort to facilitate better, less-shouty deliberations among the assembled masses who attend such engagement sessions. "Generally, when we're doing a larger community event where we're expecting large numbers, we'll do an open-house format with poster boards," said Kelly Yemen, director of Complete Streets at the city's Office of Transportation and Infrastructure Systems. "It does help [us] have more conversations with more people about the project. So, rather than one or two loud voices, we can talk to multiple people throughout the evening and really have time to dig into specific issues." In the open-house format, residents' concerns and questions are easily voiced in a one-on-one setting, and misconceptions are gently corrected in semi-private with no embarrassing public call-out.
For as long as there have been neighbors, there have been feuds. But Philadelphia's fast-changing, densely built rowhouse communities — where next-door neighbors share a party wall but sometimes very little else — can be particularly fraught. As students pile in alongside third-generation homeowners and young professionals purchase new construction at quadruple the price of the house next door, conflicts too often blossom into all-out wars. The pace of change in areas like Powelton Village is understandably disconcerting: Property values in the zip code more than doubled in a decade. Researchers have found areas like this to be particularly prone to hostilities. One analysis found that 311 calls complaining about neighbors — including about noise, public drinking or neighbors blocking a driveway — increased by 26 percent in such transitional areas. Researchers have also noted sometimes drastic increases in 911 calls and 311 calls in gentrifying communities, as behavior that was once normal is criminalized. "There's a lack of familiarity [between neighbors from disparate backgrounds]," said Joscha Legewie, a Harvard sociologist who analyzed 4.7 million 311 service requests to look at mixed areas in between black and white neighborhoods in New York. "There may be different ways of life, and communication barriers." Read more here.
Philadelphia in January 2019 will begin offering residents municipal identification cards, joining a couple dozen cities and counties across the country with similar programs, including Chicago, New York City, Newark, San Francisco and Detroit. Because of immigration status, financial limitations, youth or other reasons, some people cannot obtain valid ID cards from the state or federal governments, or else run into obstacles when they try to do so. A municipal ID card is an alternative. In Philadelphia, it would help residents to access basic services, such as groceries from food pantries, treatment for drug addiction, and entry to City Hall and the Municipal Services Building. Municipal IDs have been controversial. Immigration advocates say they are concerned about how cities will use the required personal information; opponents say the cards give undocumented immigrants access to services to which they should not be entitled. But local government officials say the cards are necessities. "There's been a need for quite some time," said Joanna Otero-Cruz, Philadelphia's deputy managing director of community services, who also oversees the city's Office of Immigrant Affairs. "We're a poor city. And so we need to be able to address what are the barriers to get people their basic needs." To get municipal ID cards, residents generally need to prove who they are through documents such as birth certificates, passports or foreign national identity cards, and their city residency through utility bills, deeds, leases or letters from homeless shelters. The city is still considering which documents to accept and how to address privacy concerns.


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