24+ Seeds. Don't let the delicate looking flowers fool you - these are TOUGH plants! Like all Sage (Salvia), they prefer full sun and fairly dry conditions. Oh, and did I mention the hummingbirds and butterflies also love them? The rich color of these really POPS in the garden - although called 'blue', they are really more of a deep purple color. They really make an impact planted in a group!
24+ Seeds for Salvia / Sage (Salvia Farinacea) VICTORIA BLUE (aka: Mealy Cup Sage, Mealycup Sage). Although named 'blue', they are actually a rich purple color which really POPS in the garden! Especially lovely when planted in groups.


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Despite Historical Ties, Moldova Unlikely to Follow Romania's Path
Moldova's landlocked position between Russia and the West makes progress more difficult.
Marc Pilkington February 14, 2017 October 2, 2021
Skyline of Chișinău, Moldova (iStock/Opla)
Unlike my colleague and friend Irina Staver, my culture and native language are not Romanian. I am an expatriate living in the neighboring Republic of Moldova, a country with close cultural and historical ties to Romania.
Yet I have observed with great interest the parallel evolutions of these two countries. A number of similarities thus spring to mind, so that I might be able to draw from the current Romanian context a few lessons for Moldova.
Mass protests
After driving across the width of Europe in the late summer of 2015, the first day of my professional stay in Moldova was coincidentally marked by a social rebellion attended by over 100,000 people, according to the Dignity and Truth Platform. (Police maintained that attendance was closer to 35-40,000.)
The 2015 protests, a mass reaction to the bank theft of the century, in which a billion dollars mysteriously disappeared from the coffers of the three largest Moldovan banks, are still considered the largest public demonstrations Moldova has seen since it became independent from the Soviet Union in 1991.
A small town of tents was built on the Great National Assembly Square in downtown Chișinău, in front of the main government building. Five months of protests, in the capital and across the country, followed, but politicians stubbornly ignored all demands except one: the direct election of the president. This led to the victory of the pro-Russian candidate, Igor Dodon, in the November 2016 election.
Remembering April 2009
The movement in Moldova has since died out. Voters seem to have forgotten the events of April 2009, when some 30,000 took to the streets of Chișinău to demonstrate against what they believed was a rigged election in favor of Vladimir Voronin's Communist Party.
Initially peaceful, the demonstrations degenerated when a group of young protesters started throwing stones at the presidential office. The riots were violently suppressed. One protester lost his life. Dozens of protesters as well as police officers were injured.
Yet Voronin did eventually step down. Moldova took a so-called European turn that culminated in the signing of an association agreement with the EU in Vilnius in 2014; an agreement that is now denounced by President Dodon.
If we leave aside the partisan dimension — magnified in the Moldovan case by recurrent geopolitical tensions — people in both countries are principally motivated by a deep-seated feeling of injustice and the belief that life is not getting better for them, nor their children.
Unfortunately, it seems to me that Moldova is even further away than Romania from having a corruption-free government one day.
The country has made substantial, and in some cases surprising, progress in areas like e-government, infrastructure and tourism. There is a real chance for digital technology to play an important role in alleviating poverty and fighting corruption.
But Moldova's landlocked position between Russia and the West, and the frozen conflict in Transnistria, make progress more difficult.
Moldova is a country I have very much grown attached to since I first settled here in 2015. Like Irina, who is eying with respect and admiration the events in Romania, I hope I'll be able to look at Moldova one day with the same feeling of hope and satisfaction.
Eastern Europe Europe Moldova Romania

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Despite being without his MX-5, Ian Duncan had an enjoyable day coming to terms with and competing in his mechanic's turbocharged (350kw at the rear wheels) Nissan Skyline. A real handful and quite a challenge when compared to his MX-5 !!
Father & son - Rob & Blake Jones - have acquired (ex club member) Don Richards' turbocharged NB SE MX-5. With two cars entered, they are now being referred to as "Team Jones". Blake is a real talent and his first outing in the new car showed that he is going to be a force to be reckoned with in future events.
Motorsport attracts younger Club members and it was great to welcome new member Lewin Day to his second event. We look forward to seeing him compete in future events.
It's extremely pleasing to see the emergence of a number of father/ son teams within our Club. It augers well – not only for the obvious benefits for the families concerned, but also for the future of our club and for motorsport in general. There are now three father & son teams in the MX-5 group. Garren Harrell (who's recently purchased an additional NB MX-5 for son Christopher to drive), Ian Duncan with son Andrew and Rob Jones with son Blake.


Do you want to make money as a professional reviewer? Register here and we alert you about new patents when they are uploaded on GoodIP.
Do you want to make money? Contact us if you like to prepare a claim chart or submit evidence of use for any of the patents listed on GoodIP. We will post a sneak peek of your claim chart. And then you make money with each download (you can set the price).


6 Events You Must Not Miss In August!
We have reached the middle of the month, when Prasoon Joshi just got on board with the Censorship and we hope he doesn't cut our events short. Jokes apart, August has events in store for everybody whether it is for the creative people out there or lifestyle enthusiasts. Jaipur Beat has sorted a list of what all events you may attend in the remaining days of August. Let's have a quick glance at what the entire city brings in the upcoming days.
For all the photography enthusiasts, this is a must attend photography and film-making safari at Jhalana. First-hand experience from the Nat Geo awarded experts will take you inside Jhalana forest and teach you how to sight and shoot wildlife. It is ongoing for all 7 days of the week in two slots 7:45 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. and you can book your tickets on Book My Show.
All the fashion enthusiasts in town, get ready to attend this 3 day exhibition which showcases apparel, cosmetics and beauty products, gems and jewellery, home décor, etc. If you want to be up to date with the ongoing fashion trends and looking forward to deck up your interior, this one should not be missed!
Time – 11 a.m. to 8 p.m.
Have you ever been to a cocktail tasting event in Jaipur? If not then this is the right opportunity to attend one where selected cocktails from exclusive menu will be featured along with live musical band performance to make you groove. If you are in a party mood, then just head towards this newbie in town and spend an amazing time with your friends.
Time- 2 p.m. to 11 p.m.
Can this month get any better for all the photography fanatics? With World Photography Day coming up tomorrow, the second edition of this exhibition is a shout out for all of them. The exhibition is a platform to celebrate and explore ideas who have a photographic eye. Don't miss this one for sure.
Time- 11 a.m. to 6 p.m.
The sixth FORHEX Fair with unrivalled range of products in the dining, giving and living areas is on its way this month. Unique craftsmanship along with inspiring ideas and the latest trends is what you should look forward to this time. Don't think, just take your friends along and we are sure you will have a memorable time here.
Time- 10 a.m. to 10 p.m.
As we said that this month offers events for every kind of people in town, this one is for the art lovers. Brush Calligraphy and Lettering workshop, organised by The Art Ghar, brings you the opportunity to learn the basics, play with brush pens and create beautiful lettering and no prior experience required. Try it for yourself this month.
Time- 11 a.m. to 2 p.m.


Live at the NEC - On September 14th, 2002, Deep Purple took to the stage of the NEC in Birmingham for one of the most emotional concerts in their long career. Earlier in the year founder member Jon Lord had announced his retirement from the band and new keyboard player Don Airey arrived. This show at the NEC was Deep Purple's farewell to Jon Lord. Don Airey was the principal keyboard player through the show but at the end of the keyboard solo the lights dipped and Jon Lord appeared on stage for a storming version of Perfect Strangers. The two players shared duties for the rest of the show and both band and crowd gave the great man a fitting send off. This is a must have concert release for any Deep Purple fan.


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Int J Env Health Eng 2018, 7:2
Glyphosate monitoring in water, foods, and urine reveals an association between urinary glyphosate and tea drinking: A pilot study
Joshuva John, He Liu
Department of Biology, Morosky College of Health Professions and Sciences, Gannon University, Erie, PA, USA
Date of Submission 01-Jul-2017
Date of Acceptance 25-Dec-2017
Date of Web Publication 15-Mar-2018
Department of Biology, Morosky College of Health Professions and Sciences, Gannon University, Erie, PA
DOI: 10.4103/ijehe.ijehe_5_17
Glyphosate is the most widely used agricultural herbicide in the world and in the United States. In this study, we measured glyphosate levels in water, foods, and human urine samples. We also specifically examined possible correlations between urinary glyphosate levels and physiological, dietary, or behavioral factors. The results show that water samples obtained from both Lake Erie and tap water contained nondetectable or very low levels of glyphosate (≤0.08 ppb). On the other hand, food samples showed various levels of glyphosate contamination. In particular, tea products (40–728 ppb in five samples), coffee powder (11 and 26 ppb in two samples), and honey (20 ppb) had higher glyphosate concentrations in comparison to other foods. Glyphosate was also detected in human urine samples, in particular at elevated levels (~2 fold) from participants who consumed tea in the past 24 h.
Keywords: Food, glyphosate, Lake Erie, tea, urine
John J, Liu H. Glyphosate monitoring in water, foods, and urine reveals an association between urinary glyphosate and tea drinking: A pilot study. Int J Env Health Eng 2018;7:2
John J, Liu H. Glyphosate monitoring in water, foods, and urine reveals an association between urinary glyphosate and tea drinking: A pilot study. Int J Env Health Eng [serial online] 2018 [cited 2020 Jan 20];7:2. Available from: http://www.ijehe.org/text.asp?2018/7/1/2/227335
Glyphosate is the most widely applied herbicide in the world to eliminate broadleaf weeds and grasses that compete with crops. A recent estimate by the US Geological Survey projected that glyphosate would account for 53.5% of total agricultural herbicide used in the United States in 2009.[1] The US Environmental Protection Agency classified glyphosate as "practically nontoxic and not an irritant" and established the maximum contaminant level goals (MCLGs) at 700 parts per billion (ppb). However, the effect of glyphosate on human health still remains very controversial. For example, in 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified glyphosate as "probably carcinogenic to humans,"[2] whereas a review in 2012 examined 21 studies and "found no consistent pattern of positive associations indicating a causal relationship between total cancer (in adults or children) or any site-specific cancer and exposure to glyphosate."[3] Many other studies suggested the association between glyphosate and various adverse health effects seen in liver, kidney, reproductive system, endocrine system, nervous system, and embryonic development,[4],[5],[6],[7],[8],[9],[10],[11],[12],[13],[14] even when glyphosate concentrations were as low as 0.1 ppb.[15] Some recent reports have also linked glyphosate with neurological conditions such as autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.[16],[17]
In this study, glyphosate levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) method in water samples collected from Lake Erie, at Erie, Pennsylvania, USA, as well as in foods and urine samples. The correlations between the urinary glyphosate concentration and factors such as gender, diet, body mass index (BMI), sleep duration, and exercise were examined. Our results show the presence of glyphosate at nondetectable or very low concentrations in water samples including tap water and water collected from Lake Erie. On the other hand, beverages and food samples contained various concentrations of glyphosate. In particular, tea products, coffee powder, and honey showed elevated glyphosate concentrations in comparison to the other food samples. Glyphosate was also detected in almost all urine samples, in particular at elevated levels from participants who consumed tea in the past 24 h.
Water samples were collected from multiple sources. Lake water was collected from the beach at Lake Erie at Erie. PA. Bay water was collected from Presque Isle, Erie, PA. Tap water was collected from Gannon University, Erie, PA. Laboratory water was purified by Thermo Scientific ion exchange column. Food samples were collected from local grocery stores at Erie, PA. Solid samples were converted to liquids by soaking or homogenization. Supernatants were taken after liquid samples were centrifuged at 13,000x for 3 min. Details of sample preparation are listed in [Table 1].
Table 1: Sample preparation methods
Urine samples were collected from participants recruited from an undergraduate course at Gannon University. The average age of participants was 20.3 years with an age range of 19–24 years. Out of 36 participants, 20 were male and 16 were female. The participants came from mixed races but were primarily Caucasian. Samples were collected at ~2 pm. There was no intake restriction of food or drink before sample collection. Participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire at the time of sample collection. The use of humans was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Gannon University.
Glyphosate measurements
Glyphosate concentrations were measured by the ELISA method using a Glyphosate ELISA Microtiter Plate kit (Abraxis, Warminster, PA). The absorbance was measured at 450 nm using a microplate reader (Promega, Madison, WI). A series of standard samples provided by the kit (0.075–4.0 ppb) were used to construct a standard curve with a linear regression between log (absorbance) and log (concentration). In three measurements, the values of the correlation coefficient R2 were 0.92, 0.96 and 0.99.
Statistical analyses (two-tailed independent Student's t-test) were performed using SPSS Statistics version 22.0 (IBM, New York, USA). The group average values are reported in the form of mean ± standard error of the mean.
Glyphosate concentrations were measured in multiple samples of water. The glyphosate concentrations are listed in [Table 2]. Any value below the limit of detection (LOD) of the assay (0.075 ppb) in [Table 2] was regarded as "not detected." Both tap water and the water samples collected from Lake Erie had glyphosate concentrations below the LOD. Similarly, very low levels of glyphosate were recorded in the water samples collected from the Presque Isle Bay at Erie, PA (0.08 ppb).
Table 2: Glyphosate concentrations in water samples
Compared to water samples, food and beverages showed higher glyphosate concentrations. Among these samples, the highest levels of glyphosate were detected in tea bags, tea leaves, coffee powder, and honey [Table 3].
Table 3: Glyphosate concentrations in water beverage and food samples
Glyphosate concentrations were also measured in human urine samples collected from 36 participants. One urine sample had a glyphosate concentration lower than the LOD. The remainder of the 35 human urine samples had a mean glyphosate concentration of 0.368 ± 0.055 ppb, with a median value of was 0.235 ppb and a range from 0.096 to 1.033 ppb. The majority of samples (n = 26) had glyphosate measurement of <0.4 ppb. A smaller group of samples (n = 10) had relatively higher glyphosate measurements ranging between 0.5 and 1.05 ppb [Figure 1]a.
Figure 1: The presence of glyphosate in human urine samples. (a) The distribution of measurement results. (b) The comparison between genders. (c) The comparison between participants with lower and higher body mass index
Next, a comparison of the urinary glyphosate levels according to gender and BMI was conducted. No significant difference was seen between females (0.375 ± 0.069 ppb, n = 19) and males [0.347 ± 0.069 ppb, n = 16, independent t-test P = 0.78, [Figure 1]b. Participants with a lower BMI (BMI <24, 0.384 ± 0.071 ppb, n = 19) also did not show a significant difference (independent t-test P = 0.63) compared to participants with a higher BMI [BMI >24, 0.336 ± 0.066 ppb, n = 17, [Figure 1]c.
We then examined whether dietary and behavioral factors were correlated with the urinary glyphosate levels. Participants who had consumed tea in the past 24 h showed higher urinary glyphosate concentrations (0.646 ± 0.148 ppb, n = 5) than participants who had not consumed tea in the past 24 h (0.315 ± 0.047 ppb, n = 31). This difference was statistically significant [Figure 2]a, independent t-test, P = 0.01], and this result is consistent with higher concentrations of glyphosate detected in tea leaves and tea bags [Table 3].
Figure 2: Comparison of urinary glyphosate by different factors. (a) Compares the participants who reported to have drunk tea to those who reported not to have drunk tea in the 24 h before sample collection. (b) Compares the participants who had 2 or more home meals to those who had 1 or zero home meals. (c) Compares those with sleep duration of 6–7 h in the previous night to those who had 7.5–11 h of sleep. (d) Compares those who had 2–4 h of physical exercise in the past day to those who had 0–1.5 h of physical exercise in the past day. (e) Compares those who had exercised 10 or more hours in the past week to those who had exercised <10 h
When factoring in the location of each participants' meals in the past 24 h [Figure 2]b, those who had 2 or more meals at home had about the same urinary glyphosate concentration (0.329 ± 0.067 ppb, n = 14) compared to those who had only eaten one or no meal at home and instead consuming their meals in the university cafeteria or nearby restaurants (0.384 ± 0.068 ppb, n = 21, independent t-test P = 0.58).
Moreover, sleep duration appeared to have little effect on the urinary glyphosate levels [Figure 2]c. Those who had 6–7 h of sleep in the previous night had slightly lower levels of glyphosate compared to those who had 7.5–11 h of sleep (0.307 ± 0.055 ppb vs. 0.418 ± 0.085 ppb). This difference was not statistically significant (independent t-test P = 0.26).
Next, since physical exercise elevates metabolic levels, we compared participants according to their reported hours of physical exercise on the day before sample collection. Those that reported low levels (0–1.5 h) of physical exercise and those that reported moderate levels of (2–4 h) of physical exercise in the 24 h before sample collection had similar levels of urine glyphosate (0.366 ± 0.074 ppb, n = 13 vs. 0.382 ± 0.075 ppb, n = 16, respectively; independent t-test P = 0.88, [Figure 2]d).
In contrast, the medium-term physical exercise, as defined as in the week before sample collection, appeared to have a greater effect [Figure 2]e. Those who had 10 or more hours of physical exercise in the past week had lower urinary glyphosate levels (0.289 ± 0.056 ppb, n = 20) compared to those who had <10 h of physical exercise in the past week (0.460 ± 0.085 ppb, n = 15), but the difference was not statistically significant (independent t-test P = 0.08).
Glyphosate is currently the most heavily used herbicide in the world and continuing to trend upward.[1] The purpose of our study was to determine whether and how much water and foods had been contaminated and whether this contamination would be reflected in human urine samples.
Our results revealed that glyphosate concentrations in the water samples collected were nondetectable or very low compared to the glyphosate MCLGs in drinking water (MLCG = 700 ppb). Tap water had a concentration below the LOD 0.075ppb. Very low levels were also seen in the water sample collected from Lake Erie (below the LOD) as well as in water samples from Presque Isle Bay, Erie, PA (0.08 ppb). This is probably due to the degradation of glyphosate into aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in soil by microbial activity, most notably Pseudomonas species, before the ultimate transport of limited amounts from glyphosate from land to water.[18] A report showed that the half-time of glyphosate with elevated microbial activity was 47 days in the field.[19] Our samples were collected in late fall, therefore may have been after the seasonal effect of glyphosate from nearby fields, if any.
The food and beverage samples we tested had detectable concentrations of glyphosate, but mostly under 3 ppb. Our result is consistent with several previous studies. A test in 2014 showed 3.3 mg/kg glyphosate and 5.7 mg/kg AMPA in genetically modified soybean samples from the US (1 mg/kg = 1 ppb).[20] High levels (>20 mg/kg) of glyphosate were found in 7 out of 11 soybean samples from Argentina.[21]
Among the food samples tested in this study, highest concentrations of glyphosate were seen in four specific sample sources: tea bag, tea leaves, coffee powder, and honey. The high levels of glyphosate in the five tea products that were tested are probably the result of high levels of glyphosate applied in the fields where they were grown. The top tea-producing countries are in Asia, Africa, and South America according to the statistics of UN Food and Agriculture Organization.[22] The source of the honey we sampled was also from South America.
We also examined the glyphosate levels in the urine samples collected from 36 participants. The average concentration was 0.368 ± 0.055 ppb in the range between 0.096 and 1.033 ppb. This is lower compared to the level seen in a nonagricultural population in Sri Lanka (mean value 3.3 ppb, range 1.2–5.5 ppb), but higher compared to the results (median 0.11–0.18 ppb in different years) of a multiyear study in Germans.[23],[24]
We also examined whether or not the urinary glyphosate concentrations correlated with physical, dietary, and behavioral factors including gender, BMI, drinking of tea, locations of meal preparation, physical exercise, and sleep durations. We observed elevated urinary glyphosate levels in participants who drank tea. This is consistent with the very high glyphosate levels we observed in tea products. Other comparisons did not generate statistically significant results, probably for two reasons. First, our sample size was relatively small (n = 36 in total and divided into two groups for comparisons), a much larger sample size would substantiate the comparison statistics in this pilot study. Second, for practical reasons, the participants did not have a controlled diet, a fixed amount of water intake, or monitored behavioral conditions before sample collections. Based on this, there might be other factors that contribute to the urinary glyphosate levels that were not included in our survey. Nevertheless, the urinary glyphosate measurement results reflected our measurement results in tea samples. We also observed the lower urinary glyphosate levels, although not statistically significant, in the participants who had 10 or more hours of physical exercise in the past week compared to those with less physical exercise. A similar pattern related to mid-term exercise level was observed in another study on urinary atrazine levels using the same set of participants.[25] In addition, higher atrazine levels in the tea products (28 and 49 ppb in tea bag brand #3 and tea leaves) were also observed. However, atrazine levels were not higher in the urine samples of tea drinkers compared to nontea drinkers. The difference in our observations of the two herbicides suggests tea drinks are the main contributor of glyphosate but not atrazine seen in urine.
Coupe RH, Capel PD. Trends in pesticide use on soybean, corn and cotton since the introduction of major genetically modified crops in the United States. Pest Manag Sci 2016;72:1013-22.
Guyton KZ, Loomis D, Grosse Y, El Ghissassi F, Benbrahim-Tallaa L, Guha N, et al. Carcinogenicity of tetrachlorvinphos, parathion, malathion, diazinon, and glyphosate. Lancet Oncol 2015;16:490-1.
Mink PJ, Mandel JS, Sceurman BK, Lundin JI. Epidemiologic studies of glyphosate and cancer: A review. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2012;63:440-52.
Williams GM, Kroes R, Munro IC. Safety evaluation and risk assessment of the herbicide roundup and its active ingredient, glyphosate, for humans. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2000;31:117-65.
Bradberry SM, Proudfoot AT, Vale JA. Glyphosate poisoning. Toxicol Rev 2004;23:159-67.
Nicolopoulou-Stamati P, Maipas S, Kotampasi C, Stamatis P, Hens L. Chemical pesticides and human health: The urgent need for a new concept in agriculture. Front Public Health 2016;4:148.
Benachour N, Sipahutar H, Moslemi S, Gasnier C, Travert C, Séralini GE, et al. Time- and dose-dependent effects of roundup on human embryonic and placental cells. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2007;53:126-33.
Thongprakaisang S, Thiantanawat A, Rangkadilok N, Suriyo T, Satayavivad J. Glyphosate induces human breast cancer cells growth via estrogen receptors. Food Chem Toxicol 2013;59:129-36.
Gasnier C, Dumont C, Benachour N, Clair E, Chagnon MC, Séralini GE, et al. Glyphosate-based herbicides are toxic and endocrine disruptors in human cell lines. Toxicology 2009;262:184-91.
Roy NM, Carneiro B, Ochs J. Glyphosate induces neurotoxicity in zebrafish. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2016;42:45-54.
Mesnage R, Defarge N, Spiroux de Vendômois J, Séralini GE. Potential toxic effects of glyphosate and its commercial formulations below regulatory limits. Food Chem Toxicol 2015;84:133-53.
Samsel A, Seneff S. Glyphosate, pathways to modern diseases III: Manganese, neurological diseases, and associated pathologies. Surg Neurol Int 2015;6:45.
Bai SH, Ogbourne SM. Glyphosate: Environmental contamination, toxicity and potential risks to human health via food contamination. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016;23:18988-9001.
Androlewicz MJ, Brandenburg DF, Straus DS. Insulin receptor internalization defect in an insulin-resistant mouse melanoma cell line. Biochemistry 1989;28:9750-7.
Séralini GE, Clair E, Mesnage R, Gress S, Defarge N, Malatesta M, et al. Republished study: Long-term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize. Environ Sci Eur 2014;26:14.
Shaw W. Elevated urinary glyphosate and clostridia metabolites with altered dopamine metabolism in triplets with autistic spectrum disorder or suspected seizure disorder: A Case study. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2017;16:50-7.
Fluegge KR, Fluegge KR. Glyphosate use predicts ADHD hospital discharges in the healthcare cost and utilization project net (HCUPnet): A Two-way fixed-effects analysis. PLoS One 2015;10:e0133525.
Borggaard OK, Gimsing AL. Fate of glyphosate in soil and the possibility of leaching to ground and surface waters: A review. Pest Manag Sci 2008;64:441-56.
Krzysko-Lupicka T, Sudol T. Interactions between glyphosate and autochthonous soil fungi surviving in aqueous solution of glyphosate. Chemosphere 2008;71:1386-91.
Bøhn T, Cuhra M, Traavik T, Sanden M, Fagan J, Primicerio R, et al. Compositional differences in soybeans on the market: Glyphosate accumulates in roundup ready GM soybeans. Food Chem 2014;153:207-15.
Available from: http://www.testbiotech.org/node/926. [Last accessed on 2017 Apr 08].
Available from: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home. [Last accessed on 2017 Apr 08].
Jayasumana C, Gunatilake S, Siribaddana S. Simultaneous exposure to multiple heavy metals and glyphosate may contribute to Sri Lankan agricultural nephropathy. BMC Nephrol 2015;16:103.
Conrad A, Schröter-Kermani C, Hoppe HW, Rüther M, Pieper S, Kolossa-Gehring M, et al. Glyphosate in German adults – Time trend (2001 to 2015) of human exposure to a widely used herbicide. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017;220:8-16.
Concilla A, Liu H. Presence of agricultural herbicide atrazine in water, foods, and human urine samples. Int J Environ Monit Anal 2017;5:9-13.
1 Determination of glyphosate, AMPA, and glufosinate in honey by online solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Thomas S. Thompson,Johan P. van den Heever,Renata E. Limanowka
Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A. 2019; 36(3): 434
2 Penetration of glyphosate into the food supply and the incidental impact on the honey supply and bees
Michelle L. Ledoux,Navam Hettiarachchy,Xiaofan Yu,Luke Howard,Sun Ok Lee
Food Control. 2019; : 106859
Liu H
© International Journal of Environmental Health Engineering | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
Online since 21 March, 2012


"...Adding Feinstein's language to the 2013 defense authorization bill would do away with an ambiguity that a future administration could exploit to hold Americans without trial. The question is whether it goes far enough. Not only U.S. citizens arrested in the United States but those arrested abroad — and, for that matter, all suspected terrorists — should be afforded a civilian trial.


This point of sale stand is a double-sided poster display frame with 16 A4 size portrait pockets. The movable stand comes with 2 pairs of feet to choose from for an adaptive display setting. This aluminium stand with satin anodised finish holds 16 easy access pockets to display and change the graphics without any hassle. The display frames contain assembling instructions along with all the required tools to fix the cables and panels. The double portrait panel can be used efficiently to display multiple product features, brochures, leaflets, coupons, product categories, rate list or graphics. This poster display stand is an ideal promotional tool for beauty salons, payment counters, retail stores, opticians, hotel receptions, showrooms and trade shows.


In the year 1892, the first bank in Natchitoches received its Charter from the State of Louisiana. The name was The Exchange Bank. To put that date into perspective, 1892 is the same year Thomas Edison received the patent for the two-way telegraph, and the General Electric Company (GE) was established. Exchange Bank celebrates 125 years of business on Sept. 28.
The original capital to establish The Exchange Bank was $10,000. The doors were first opened in the 600 block of Front Street in downtown Natchitoches. In 1903, The Exchange Bank constructed a new building at the corner of Front Street and St. Denis, where the bank stands today (see photo). It is interesting to note that the Board of Directors of The Exchange Bank took bids in 1902 for the construction of this building. The bids ranged from $15,000 to $16,500. All bids were rejected as being too high.
The name of the bank was changed to Exchange Bank & Trust Company around 1964 so the bank could install a trust department for the benefit of its customers. As Exchange Bank expanded its services, it outgrew the original building, which was demolished in 1971 to erect a large new building that would give sufficient room for years to come. In 1984, a 5-story addition was made to complete the landmark structure that stands today.
The $10,000 capital that the original bank began business with has now grown to the total assets of about $125 million, which is still considered a small home-town bank.
The Exchange Bank 125th Anniversary Celebration is heavily focused on social media. "25 years ago, punch and cookies in the lobby was an on-trend celebration. In 2017, our customers want to celebrate on the go, on their terms, with a click or a swipe," stated Loan Officer and Marketing Representative Laura Lyles. At www.facebook.com/ExchangeBank318, the bank will feature anniversary videos, historical photos from bank archives, many small prizes given to Facebook followers, and three large prize baskets over the next three months. Prize baskets include an NSU tailgate package, a house party package, and a Christmas Festival package, each worth over $300. There will also be various cash prizes given away.
Exchange Bank currently has three locations: the main office on Front Street, the branch on South Drive, and the Loan Production Office in Pineville that opened in January of this year. The Natchitoches locations are full-service banks with checking, savings, CDs, and IRAs as well as loan officers who all offer commercial, residential, and consumer lending options. Learn more at www.exchange-bank.com.
Exchange Bank Board of Directors includes J.M. Henry, III, John W. Luster, Harold J. Boutte, Sr., Sidney B. Evans III, Kirk Soileau, and Michael S. Newton. J.M."Pat" Henry, Jr. serves as ex-officio member.
I remember the old structure back in the early 60's before it was leveled; it was a beautiful historical and distinguished piece of architecture. I wish it could have been saved and used along with construction of the new building which is standing today, but changes is part of progress.. I have been a faithful customer of Exchange since 1963 and I am happy to say there have been no errors with my accounts.


One of the highlights of the Week 3 preseason schedule is a showdown between the New England Patriots and Carolina Panthers. At home, the Panthers are 1.5-point favorites. There is also an over/under of 45 points.
Both teams are actually 2-0 to start the preseason. New England knocked off Washington 26-17 in the opening week and then took care of business against the Eagles 37-20 last week. Tom Brady saw extensive action in last week's Super Bowl rematch, completing 19 of 26 passes with two touchdowns.
Carolina has been equally impressive this preseason. They survived a close game in Buffalo the first week, beating the Bills 28-23. Carolina then topped Miami 27-20 last week, scoring two 4th quarter touchdowns with their reserves to build a comfortable lead late in the game.
Brady definitely played like he had something to prove last week against the Eagles. He saw extensive action after sitting out the previous week. Normally, this would be the preseason game in which the starters play into the 2nd half and get most of their live reps. However, Brady did that last week, so it'll be interesting to see if he plays more than two or three series this week. The Patriots also lost offensive tackle Isaiah Wynn last week, so the Patriots may not want Brady out there too long.
Keep in mind that the Panthers usually have one of the better front-7s in football, and this year should be no exception. If the Panthers leave their starters in the game until at least halftime and are more apt to blitz as they prepare for the season, New England could decide to let Brian Hoyer take most of the snaps. Hoyer, while usually reliable, was just 5 for 13 against the Eagles last week.
On the other side of the field, the Panthers are also dealing with some injuries to their offensive line. At least three starters will be out for the game against New England, forcing backups into extensive action. That could implore Carolina to be a little more careful with Cam Newton, who may not play as much as starters typically play in the third preseason game.
The Carolina offense has already been a little up and down this preseason. At times, they have looked quite dangerous, especially when Christian McCaffrey has touched the ball. However, with an ailing offensive line, drives have sometimes come to an abrupt end through either a sack or a turnover. New England's defensive starters played well last week, albeit an Eagles team that has been terrible during the preseason.
The Panthers may be 1.5-point favorites in this game, but they have still been largely unconvincing this preseason despite being 2-0. With a banged up offensive line, they'll struggle to sustain drives against New England's defense. Meanwhile, Brady playing early in the game will give the Patriots a chance to score points, as will Hoyer facing the Carolina backups late in the game. Either way, the Patriots will have more success moving the ball than the Panthers. Bet on New England +1.5 to beat Carolina on Friday.


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Gary Cooper - The Final Tribute 1961
gary-cooper-the-final-tribute
Famous mourners at the the Good Shepherd in Beverley Hills, incl John Ford & James Stewart.
Beverley Hills.
Documentation on file, American commentary.
LS. Ext. The Church of the Good Shepherd in Beverley Hills MS. Director John Ford arriving at the church. MS. Edward G. Robinson arriving. MS Jimmy Durante arriving. MS John Wayne arriving. MS. Marlene Dietrich arriving. MS. Mrs. Patricia Lawford (sister of President Kennedy) arriving, with Frank Sinatra and Peter Lawford. MS. William Demarest and Walter Pidgeon arriving. LS. Ext. of the church. MS. CU as the coffin in bourne out, among the pall bearers are James Stewart and Jack Benny. MS. Mrs. Cooper and daughter Maria followed the coffin down steps. MS. Gary Cooper's mother escorted by her physician and elder son Arthur. MS mourners making their way to cars. MS Line of cars coming towards camera - the first one contains the coffin.
(Comb. F.G.)
Lawford
Pidgeon
Unissued unused
UN 3498 H
Usa: Sinatra Kidnapping
THE BANK ROBBERS - TWO OF THEM HAD BEEN PRIME SUSPECTS IN THE KIDNAPPING - WERE PICKED UP BY THE DRAGNET SPREAD OUT TO LOOK FOR YOUNG SINATRA.
Uk: Nancy Sinatra Press Meet
Nancy Sinatra meets the press
Usa: Three Suspects Arrested In Sinatra Kidnapping Hunt
G-MEN HAVE ARRESTED THREE MEN AND CHARGED THEM WITH THE KIDNAPPING OF FRANK SINATRA, JUNIOR.?
Los Angeles: Frank Sinatra Speaks Of Son's Release By Kidnappers.
FRANK SINATRA, JUNIOR, KIDNAPPED ON SUNDAY NIGHT FROM A NEVADA MOUNTAIN RESORT, WAS RETURNED TO HIS MOTHER'S HOME IN LOS ANGELES TODAY (WEDNESDAY) " SAFE AND SOUND".
Usa: Sinatra Kidnappers After Sentences.
THE SINATRA KIDNAPPING CASE -- HERE'S THE FAMOUS SINGER'S SON AFTER THE HEARING IN LOS ANGELES ON FRIDAY AS HIS KIDNAPPERS BARRY KEENAN AND JOSEPH AMSLER WENT OFF TO THE CELLS FOR LIFE.
U.S.A. Sinatra Kidnapping Suspects Appear In Court
THREE MEN ACCUSED OF KIDNAPPING TEENAGE SINGER FRANK SINATRA JUNIOR APPEARED IN A LOS ANGELES COURT ON MONDAY.
U.S.A.: Sinatra
55-year-old entertainer Frank Sinatra emerged from virtual retirement on Monday (16 April) to sing 10 songs at a White House banquet in honour of visiting Italian Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti.
Unknown: Sinatra/Peak With Begin


text:
Home News ELECTION 2018: Tsvangirai fears army will run Mnangagwa campaign
ELECTION 2018: Tsvangirai fears army will run Mnangagwa campaign
The country's opposition, led by former prime minister Morgan Tsvangirai's MDC, has stepped up its demand for next year's elections to be monitored by the United Nations (UN), following the announcement by President Emmerson Mnangagwa during his inauguration speech last Friday that the polls will be going ahead as planned.
Their demands are based on fears that Zanu PF could fiddle with the ballot as what they claimed happened in the 2008 elections which saw the presidential results being withheld for six weeks.
Zanu PF, under the former president Robert Mugabe, made it clear that it would not allow the UN to monitor the elections, among a list of other demands from the opposition that would ensure a free, fair and credible outcome.
"MDC welcomes the announcement that elections will be held as scheduled. But they must be free and fair.
"There must be a clear plan to eradicate violence and intimidation. The military must not be involved and the elections must be UN supervised," MDC secretary general Douglas Mwonzora said in on micro blogging site, Twitter.
Zanu PF has previously stated that Zimbabwe is a sovereign country that has the capacity to choose countries and institutions it desires to monitor its electoral processes.
Mnangagwa is set to get the endorsement from the party's Congress next month which will he see him pitted against the opposition in next year's elections.
The request for a UN-monitored election is one among a host of other demands that the opposition is pushing for ahead of the elections.
At the same time, the MDC — which has formed a coalition with six others opposition political parties to create the MDC Alliance — in a statement through its spokesperson Obert Gutu, said that it expects next year's elections to be free and fair.
"Electoral reforms that include complete and thorough de-politicisation of traditional leaders, should, thus, be promptly put in place in time for next year's elections.
"That is the real acid test of the new president's inauguration speech. Elections in Zimbabwe have been routinely rigged and manipulated in favour of the ruling party. Zanu PF has developed a notorious record of violence, thuggery and intimidation; particularly during electioneering times," Gutu.
"Opposition political parties have been deliberately denied access to State-controlled print and electronic media and we honestly hope and trust that the Mnangagwa presidency will usher in a more democratic and tolerant trajectory that firmly abides by all the dictates of the supreme law of the land.
"We now look forward to the creation of a policy framework that will, inter alia, create provincial and metropolitan councils, in tandem with the provisions of our national Constitution," he added.
Several opposition parties have been calling for electoral reforms, accusing the ruling Zanu PF government of using defective mechanisms to its benefit.
Previous elections have been marred with violence and rigging allegations, which the opposition claim can be arrested through the implementation of electoral reforms and supervision by internationally recognised bodies.
As an initiative to push for electoral reforms, last year, the MDC youths held a demonstration which ended in running battles between the law enforcement agents.
SOURCEDailyNews
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simplyjalene – The biography of a young girl whom overcame the obstacles of child abuse and poverty to experience domestic violence, estrangement and marital betrayal as an adult.
The biography of a young girl whom overcame the obstacles of child abuse and poverty to experience domestic violence, estrangement and marital betrayal as an adult.
It seemed Charles found fault with me daily. I wondered often how I had managed to survive 50 years and beyond with my inability to do anything correctly. I knew in my heart I was not the wretched person my parents and subsequently my husband deemed me to be.
Nonetheless it was challenging at times to know what reality was or merely "their truth" My 29 years of counseling had enabled me to understand that I was not as flawed as I had been portrayed. However, my self-esteem was non-existent. I knew God had granted me with talents and abilities, but none which either my parents and now my husband or children believed I possessed.
Charles' 29 years of instilling in me and our children that I was beneath him had taken a hold as authenticity. Why did I remain in this abuse? It would be years later that the regrets of my actions to remain would have a tight grasp on my life. Did I have missteps and make mistakes along the way? I most certainly did. I know I said/did things often which were not as Charles or others desired. However, I was eager and willing to offer a rapid and sincere apology and assurance not to repeat my actions.
Charles attended counseling sessions with me less than 2 dozen times in our entire marriage. He vowed he had no desire to spend his time and money with someone whom was telling him he was wrong. His sincere belief was that he had never said and/or done anything wrong, so there was no need to receive counseling.
The counselors frequently reminded me it was not marriage counseling when Charles refused to attend. Nonetheless I realized that if I remained in counseling, it would provide the tools to better cope with life's situations. When my countless pleas for Charles to share his life's interests with me failed, I realized I must seize each occasion for joy and peace in my life.
In addition to purchasing a harp and learning a new skill, I was also a PhD student at Oklahoma State University. When the opportunity arose for me to be an adjunct instructor at Oklahoma City University, I realized I would also be able to begin a long-awaited goal; to earn my doctorate and teach full-time. Without it I would never be permitted to be more than an adjunct instructor.
I also continued with my love of singing and vocal music, being a member of a large faith-based women's choir. Additionally, I sang with the local community choir. Such opportunities provided me with not only increasing my knowledge and competencies, but also opened doors for new experiences. From the time I was a child, I believed God provided such times in our lives to enable us to grow as individuals.
March 1999 was one of the most memorable times of our entire marriage. On our 30th wedding anniversary, Charles took me out for not only a lovely gourmet dinner, but presented me the gift of a lifetime; an anniversary trip to England, which he had planned. For that evening and the next few days which followed, Charles was an entirely different husband; kind, loving and caring. Perhaps our marriage truly could turn around and we could begin to perceive what God intended as man and wife; to love one another.
Because it was tax season, our anniversary trip would be delayed until the summer, but the wait was worth every day and minute of anticipation. England was all and more than each of us had expected. We spent one week in London and the second week in the Cotswolds. I didn't wish to come home. I could have remained there forever.
Our time there was filled with compassion and courtesy for one another, perhaps because we were experiencing new adventures. However, I wanted so earnestly to believe it was because Charles might truly love me. I knew the great love I had for him and I wanted only to grasp tightly these two weeks of benevolence for one another and never let it go.
Over time the contentment of the previous few months waned, and the conflicts returned to our marriage. We were still enjoying our infrequent times with our family and young grandson. The holidays also brought me a special joy when I could decorate our home, plan and prepare baking and meals for the family and holiday guests.
Charles and I each stayed busy with our careers, but it seemed his ability to become upset with me was as close as the lashes on my eyes. It had become a fearful way of living. As the discord increased, I queried Charles if we should part ways. I told him numerous times during our marriage that I knew for certain we were each very good people, but not good for one another. His threats never changed, "I will not give you a divorce. If you try to divorce me, I will make you pay and you will live to regret it." I understood his words were sincere, but also as strong and fervent as his anger toward me.
Please continue to follow my autobiographical journey, which I began blogging in April 2016. It's the emotional and physical pain and abuse of my life, but also of God's healing.
As I came home from work one day, a dilapidated box void of gift wrapping or bag, was lying on the kitchen counter. It contained a pepper mill inscribed with the name of the resort where Charles had attended a business meeting he had just returned home from. Due to the condition of the package, I assumed it had been a gift to the attendees of the meeting and Charles had rapidly torn open the box, obliterating some of the box in the process.
When Charles walked into the kitchen, I asked if the mill had been gifted to him. As was his customary tone, in a loud and sarcastic voice he cited, "no, it is a gift for you. I bought it." I sincerely thanked him and extended my appreciation. Not desiring to upset him further, I wondered why a gift would be presented in such a manner. The box had been ripped with a portion of the box removed. I had never delivered a gift to anyone in such a haphazard and slovenly manner, as I believed it would negate the message of concern for the recipient.
If I wanted to let another know I thought enough of them to purchase a gift, I offered it with the appearance of stating, "I care about you." Over the years I have reflected on Charles' attitude and manner in bestowing this gift and often wondered if there was a convert message to me, "here is a token gift, but you are not worthy of receiving it with care." Additionally, why the extremely unkind manner in telling me it was a gift?
January 1998 began with a bundle of delight; our 1st grandchild; a grandson was born January 14, 1998. This would have to be a wonderful year when there was a new baby in the family. I also turned 50 and realized that skills I desired to learn would need to be sooner than later. One of these was learning to play the harp.
I flew to a harp store in Chicago to try out different harps. I then obtained a harp teacher and I was ready to begin. When Charles asked me what I desired as a gift for my 50th birthday, I noted, I would love to have a harp. "No way", he cited. " A harp can't be worn or seen by others. I want you to have a piece of jewelry." He wanted to purchase the bracelet he had promised me 5 years earlier, but never fulfilled. Why now over 5 years later? Also, why would this birthday gift be what he desired for me, instead of what I desired?
I had saved money for several years to purchase a harp, but how I would have loved to receive it from my husband. For many years which followed, other adult, women, harp students would share about their husbands purchasing their harps. They were not only as gifts of love, but also as gifts of support toward their wives. My heart was always gripped with envy.
Charles' gifts to me frequently had an ulterior motive; so that persons would see his success. He selected a bracelet and I was to be content with it. No, it was never my choice, but his. I wore the bracelet only a couple of times for it symbolized to me his continual control of my heart and life.
As the months passed and life remained status quo, there were the occasional business trips which were extended to pleasure trips. For a few days we might enjoy our time together, but occasionally even the trips were fraught with arguments and unkind words. Could there never be a time in our lives when we could have even a few weeks of joy with one another?
As had happened several years prior while residing in FL again there was what should have been an inconsequential incident, but Charles opted to make it a great conflict. Because we had a two-story house and due to medical issues with my knees, it was customary that I would place items on the steps to be taken upstairs during one of my second story trips.
One night Charles deliberately chose not to turn on the lights as he was descending the stairs and he stepped on a ceramic soap dish for the guest bath, breaking it and missing a step as he did. As he had done in FL, he screeched out in anger as to why I had been stupid enough to place a dish on the stairs? He knew placing items on the stairs was customary. Why had he chosen not to turn on the lights so he could see if there was something on the stairs?
As was routine with Charles, he deemed his actions totally my fault. I queried him often if he spent his days thinking up ways to make false accusations against me? Of course this prompted only a greater anger from him. However, I wondered frequently why he never accepted blame for any of his errors? I felt I spent more time in our marriage apologizing to him for things I had said/done than I did for praising him.
Please continue to follow me on my autobiographical journey, which I began blogging in April 2016. It's my life filled with the emotional and physical pain of abuse and betrayal, but also of God's blessings and healing.
By the end of 1996, our lives were settling into a routine back in Edmond, OK, the town we initially moved to twenty years prior. We had the impending December wedding of our son and soon to be "daughter". After less than 2 months of being unemployed, Charles had been offered a new career position as the Tax Director for Deloitte Touche in Oklahoma City. I had begun my own dietetic consulting practice while still doing adjunct teaching for a couple of the local universities.
I was optimistic once again that "perhaps" Charles would come to love me. He had what he desired now; a prestigious career. I learned within days of our wedding in 1969 that when Chuck was discontent in his career, he was discontent with me. It seemed I was the one to blame for anything negative in his life, as I was the one whom was the closest to him.
As I have previously shared, there were indeed good days, but more often than not, days of much disappointment and sorrow that our marriage and family were not what God intended. My desire for intimacy from Charles was ever present, as such times were infrequent. When intimacy was a component of Charles' calendar, it was brief and rote. He displayed no true feelings of love or concern for me. Unlike many empty nest couples, our marriage was not one that was experiencing the freedom of time and money to enjoy interests of life together.
Charles continued to work unnecessarily long hours at the office, while I fulfilled my tasks as an employee, wife, chef, maid and gardener. I now wore an additional hat; that of a designer and planner for our new home. Charles requested that I select paint colors, hardware, kitchen and bathroom fixtures, appliances, etc., all the required essentials for building a house.
Even though a new house would be nice, I knew it would never offer what I so greatly desired; a man that loved me. The previous pleas from me toward Charles of healing our relationship fell upon deaf and uncaring ears. He was content with the dysfunction, while I remained steadfastly heart broken. I cared nothing about a new house, if only I could have had a husband whom cherished me as greatly as I did him.
Andrea and Timothy continued with their careers and were as content as any young married couple. Soon Christopher and Kristina would join the ranks of newlyweds as he began law school. The December wedding was lovely and each of us welcomed a new year; 1997 with anticipation of delightful jubilation.
1997 also held wonders and lamentations. I had a large and joyous 50th birthday celebration for Charles in February, only days after we learned that we would be grandparents later that year. Chris and Kristina were rather shocked to learn of their unexpected blessing, but also elated. They realized this would complicate Chris' time and finances to complete his juris doctorate, but both Chris and Kristina realized children are one of God's greatest gifts.
By late spring we learned we would have another grandchild in early 1998. Andrea and Timothy were also expecting their first child. I was thrilled with the news of two additions to our Woods' family, but also hopeful this too would bring a greater desire to Charles' heart to not only love me, but to embrace our family.
Sadness gripped our hearts in July when Kristina suffered from pre-eclampsia and gave birth to a tiny, precious, stillborn baby boy. It was a sorrowful day for all of us. This precious child would have been both Charles' and Christopher's namesake, but he was now with the Lord.
By late summer of 1997 we moved into our new house. A new house can never negate the "old" battles. Just weeks upon moving into our home the physical abuse from Charles intensified. He returned to shoving me into closets, pinning me against walls and slamming me onto the floor. He had now added another element; dragging me from bed while sound asleep.
I would cry out to him in deep sorrow and agony. Why Charles why are you doing this to me? His answers never changed. "I want you to listen to me." I would always repeat the same reply, I can hear just fine. My ears work well, but why push me and shove me to make me listen to you?" I would also continue to call him, Clyde Hamer, which enraged him more greatly. Charles understand exactly what I meant as my father had been extremely, physically abusive. Charles didn't wish to be compared to my dad, but his abuse was a constant reminder of the many years I had suffered at the hands of my father.
The holidays were difficult as Chris and Kristina chose not to spend any of their holiday with us. Andrea and Timothy's holiday commitments were now with Timothy's large family, as well as with just Charles and me. Given the fact our family was small and distant toward one another, Andrea's preference was to spend most of her holiday with the Maltz's.
My Hamer family didn't celebrate Christmas as a family. Charles' Mom resided in a long-term care facility after the loss of his father the previous year. Thus, the holidays were a reminder to me of the continued demise of our family.
Please continue to follow my on my autobiographical journey, which I began blogging in April 2016. It's my life filled with the emotional and physical pain of abuse and betrayal, but also of God's healing.
1995 was very routine and boring following the previous two years of a wedding, move to a new city and state, new jobs and Christian's troubling illness and surgery. There were however the occasions for travel. When Chuck had business meetings, I would become travel agent and tour guide to plan extensions of his trips to allow us exploration and experiencing the locale of his meetings.
We attempted to see our children and other family several times a year, even with the distance between us. Their visits to see us were infrequent, but always welcomed. FL was a large and diverse state, so I embraced opportunities to share the culture and environment of our new home. Routine also were the continuous battles of our marriage. As I remained in counseling while Chuck refused to participate, I was reminded that his behavior was surreal. No one remains at their office 6-7 hours after others had concluded their day. Even Chuck's colleagues noticed his odd behavior and cited to me there was nothing to do at the office until such early hours of the following day.
As Chuck continued to deny any immoral behavior on his behalf, I endeavored to trust him. My queries were frequent, "Chuck, why won't you come home for dinner and to share our evenings together?" His reply was constant, "I just have much work to complete." Those statements would also prove false repeatedly, as his colleagues noted there was no work to be performed per his claims.
As the battles increased and Chuck's refusal to give me his time, attention or affection, I again filed for divorce. Yet again, Chuck vowed he would change, stating he realized he should give me and our marriage more of his attention. As had happened previously, I withdrew the divorce petition, earnestly believing he desired to keep the marriage as much as I. Within months, our lives were as they had been; arguing and conflicts. Yet I continued to hope and pray, God would heal his calloused and indifferent heart toward me.
1996 would be another eventful year. In the spring of 1996 one of my recurring health issues had become so intense it required surgery at Cleveland Clinic; with the same physician as had operated on Christian less than two years prior. As I awakened from my surgery, still unable to be totally audible and cohesive with my conversation, I noted Chuck was extremely upset. I was able to comprehend that Oklahoma City; his birthplace and city which he loved so dearly had been the target of a terrorist attack. There had been a bombing at the federal building in downtown Oklahoma City with great loss of life and injuries to hundreds of people.
As I began crying, the nurse was trying to assure me I would be fine. She never truly understood, my distress was over the events on the news. My tears were not because I was concerned about my recovery. Additionally, when she did understand the tears, it was of no importance to her. Oklahoma City was half a continent away from south FL and she knew none of those people. She continued to tell me to calm down. However, with Chuck's significant stress and the realization of the loss of lives and damage, I realized there would be people we knew impacted by such a cruel and inhumane act toward others.
As I spent the next few weeks recovering from my surgery, Chuck was informed, he would be dismissed as the tax director for his company. He and his superior had been involved in conflicts for months prior to his notice of termination.
Chuck now believed he had more validity in becoming angry at me. Whenever his days at the office didn't go well, I always realized I would the "target" when he arrived home. Now Chuck's anger was more intense than any during our 27-year marriage. I felt as though I were a punching bag which had not only been pounded to a pulp, but also totally deflated. It was taking a toll on my health but with the uncertainty of our future, I knew I must remain at Chuck's side. Always present was the fact also of my unyielding love and devotion to him.
By mid-summer we were preparing to sell our FL home. Chuck was provided a generous severance package including an outplacement office and staff. Thus, his few weeks of unemployment was not a financial burden to us, as we relocated back to OK. The only harm endured in this termination was Chuck's pride. He would harbor the anger of this broken relationship for years to come.
During the interim of our departure from FL and return to OK, a tragedy had touched the hearts and lives of our family. The young lady whom Christian had dated for three years in high school and whom we all believed would be our "daughter" was killed in an automobile accident while attending college in another state. Not only was Christian devastated, but so too were all of us. We loved Tiffany and she in turn loved each of us. She was beautiful inside and out and a joy for all whom knew her.
Please continue to follow me on my autobiographical journey, which I began blogging on April 2016. It's my life filled with the emotional and physical pain of abuse and betrayal, but also of God's healing.
During the pending divorce of 1994, Chuck appeared sincere with his tears, but how quickly his tears evaporated, and the neglect and abuse returned. Shoving me against walls or into closets, while I would cry out and plead for him to cease fell on deaf ears.
When I proclaimed, he was abusive, he was unyielding that it was necessary to "push me around" so I would listen to him. Hysterically, I always proclaimed that my ears worked fine and if he would just converse with me, I would be able to "hear" more clearly.
Now I reflect on those incredibly abusive and demoralizing events and wonder how I could have endured such abuse for as long as I did. I so earnestly believed God would heal Chuck's heart toward me. He would always proclaim he didn't want a divorce and he would fight to keep me from divorcing him. I was naïve enough to believe it was because he truly loved me. However, 26 years later I would realize it was solely for financial reasons; not because of love.
The more he pushed me from his life and refused all forms of physical and emotional interaction with me, I should have realized he had no love for me. The cliché of "love is blind" was evidenced throughout my marriage to Chuck. I loved him so deeply but from the on-set our marriage was what he deemed countless times, a necessity. He touted he believed he had to marry to be successful in his career.
I was the "free maid" for maintaining his home, running his errands and completing assigned tasks. Even though he spent the duration of our marriage complaining my salary and career were inferior to his, he commanded how I would spend my income. I pleaded to spend time with me, whether for an event or merely time alone with the two of us. Sometimes he obliged, but the majority of the time, he chose to remain at home alone or to retreat to his office (or now I have to believe whomever was in his life at the time).
There were occasional happy times in our marriage of travel, hosting parties and events in our home, visiting with our children or other family, etc. There were even times we would watch a television movie and each cry when we realized our love and marriage was similar to the characters portrayed before us.
It was often I would go to him, hugging him and reminding him of our lives and the blessings we possessed. Also, I frequently reminded Chuck that we had much to lose if we could not make our marriage work. He would just stare at me and walk away. I never imagined his heart and mine were not on the same page. From his words to me years later, he was planning and scheming even then as to how and when he could rid himself of me. No matter what reprieve we had from the arguing and bitterness, reality quickly returned with the discord in our lives.
Christian counseling remained a routine component of my life. It began within the first two weeks of our marriage and over 25 years later, I continued in counseling in an attempt to become a better wife to Chuck and a better mother to our children. I also understood that if I chose to remain married to Chuck, I had to learn to cope with and endure his harsh, abusive and controlling ways.
Counseling was also tool to allow me to help myself. It was not a mode of helping others. I had overcome the trauma of the maltreatment at the hands of my excessively abusive parents, so I contemplated almost daily if I could learn to sustain Chuck's punitive treatment and attitude toward me. My love for Chuck was so great that my faith was God would heal Chuck's heart toward me. Little did I know in 1994 that 19 years later, not following through with the divorce would be a sorrow I endured every day of my life.
The summer of 1994 would be another milestone for our family. When we picked Christian up at the airport, he was gaunt and extremely pale. He noted he didn't feel well, but as a dietitian I knew immediately this was far more than the stress of being a college student. I knew he was not metabolizing his dietary intake. His inability to consume even a few bites of his meal without nausea and vomiting was alarming.
Within days of his arrival we made an appointment to see a physician at the Cleveland Clinic in Ft. Lauderdale. Christian was diagnosed with a severe case of Crohn's; a disease of the gastrointestinal tract. The doctor concluded Christian required immediate surgery. The remainder of his summer vacation was spent recuperating from the surgery with enough strength to return to his classes in the fall.
Unable to drive back to OK, Chuck drove Christian's car to the University of Oklahoma with a very weakened Christian in tow. The fall semester was a challenge for Christian, but he endured and by December 1994, he felt like the son we knew prior to his diagnosis and illness. He would be a Crohn's patient for the remainder of his life, as it would alter his lifestyle, but would not be terminal if well maintained.
Events such as this reminded me that I didn't want to be single. I wanted to be with Chuck and our children when such life experiences occurred. I merely continued to hope and pray that Chuck would come to love and desire me as his wife and partner.
Please continue my autobiographical journey which I began blogging in April 2016.
After settling into our home, Chuck began to firmly request that I seek a job. Each time we were relocated, it was for his career and I had to forfeit my career positions to join him. Whereas, I was most happy to support my husband with his goals and ambitions, I was disheartened that he continuously mandated I work outside the home. His income was more than adequate to meet all our financial obligations with some remaining discretionary income.
In the 1980's when he dictated that I obtain full time employment, he required I pay all household expenses, inclusive of any medical bills, gift purchases, travel expenses, etc. I would learn 19 years later he was hiding money from me for covert purchases.
Even though we were empty nesters, I didn't have the opportunity to fulfill all my homemaker chores and tasks without the continued persistent stress of trying to "do it all" when employed. After the holidays and our children's return back to OK, with Chuck's continued nagging for me to work, I located a full-time job as a corporate dietitian, requiring extensive travel which I loathed. I endured the job in a constant state of anxiety. The corporation's lack of morals and ethics didn't allow me to fulfill my duties without conflicts.
Whereas, the verbal conflicts between Chuck and I were almost daily, my love for him was steadfast. As his wife, I cherished time with him in our home. Thus, the travel was an additional source of anxiety. The company and I parted ways after approximately 1.5 years. I was relived, but Chuck returned to his badgering toward me to locate another job.
I taught university classes while in OK which I had so greatly enjoyed. As a result of this, I began seeking positions as an adjunct university teacher. This opportunity was rapidly offered due to the increased need for dietitians to teach nutrition. I taught part-time adjunct at one of the local two-year colleges and full-time adjunct at FL International University in Miami. I found my niche and loved teaching. The pay was not enough to please Chuck, but I had a fulfilling job.
Because my teaching didn't require traveling out of town, it quickly became apparent of Chuck's deliberate absence from being home. Arriving home between 1- 2 a.m. daily had become the norm. Due to my on-going counseling sessions the psychologist determined such behavior was the symptom of an adulterous affair.
The lack of emotional and physical love from Chuck as well as the frequent and intense physical abuse was validation to me the counselor's observation was correct. With each recurring event of Chuck's early morning arrivals and my request for an explanation, his anger and abuse toward me increased, while his denial of unfaithfulness was unwavering.
I realized I could not continue to live as this, so after a 25 year marriage, I obtained a bull dog attorney and filed for divorce. This was not an attention ploy, but the reality that I could not continue to live in this kind of environment. Countless incidents in which I was totally blameless became sources of great contempt for Chuck.
A prime example was when I had a capped disposable razor on the shower rack. During one of Chuck's showers, the cap fell from the razor and his arm brushed against it. He leapt from the shower screaming and yelling that I had harmed him with my razor. I was not even in the bathroom nor the shower at the time of the incident. The capped razor was secured in the shower caddy. This was an accident which occurred by Chuck, not an intended murder attempt from me.
Such episodes had become the norm. As greatly as I loved Chuck, I could not continue endure in this manner. Then with the belief he was having an affair, I believed divorce was sincerely my only option. When Chuck was served the divorce petition, an entirely different man surfaced. Suddenly he touted of his love and was sincerely remorseful for his actions toward me.
Through my tears and sobs, I informed Chuck for our entire marriage, I had begged and pleaded with him to help me save the marriage. I explained I could not do so alone but reminded him of my love and desire to remain his wife. Nonetheless it was imperative this would be a "team effort". I symbolically told him I had been drowning for over 25 years, yet each time I cried out to him for the life saver, he would throw me only an empty string.
Please continue with me on my autobiographical journey of abuse, estrangement and marital betrayal in the blog I began on April 2016.
The next few weeks expeditiously passed as I packed and prepared for the move to FL. The recollection of our precious Christian standing gloomily in the foyer is an image which haunts me to this day. He was beginning his freshman year at the University of OK. Even though an independent young adult, I realized at that moment, he was still our "baby boy". Somberly Christian said, "I can't believe you are leaving me here." Neither could I . There were not enough words of assurance of my love for him and my great despair over the move to validate to Christian I had no desire to move. Edmond had been our home for the past 18 years.
I could have filed for divorce, so that I could remain in OK. However, I loved Chuck dearly and vowed to remain at his side, in good and bad times. This was truly one of the bad times. Chuck could have easily remained in OK and found a job when Grace Petroleum closed its' doors. However, as Chuck had done for our entire marriage, he continued to seek a new pasture in hopes of reaching his dream to become a millionaire. How I remorsefully look back on that day with regret that I didn't remain in OK with my two children.
Even though Marie was now married, she too was saddened we were leaving her and our new son-in-law behind. Certainly, abandoning our son for the pleasure of Chuck's desires caused me monumental desolation. We can't relive the lost years; especially now knowing what the future held for me.
Less than a month after Marie's wedding, the moving van pulled away from the drive of the house which had been our home since our children were ages seven and nine. They had grown up in that house. Memories of sleep overs with friends, countless birthday parties and hosting events for their friends from grade school through college were now only mental images This was the house where I had dried Marie's tears and prayed with her for a new love.
This was the house where I arrived home from work, hosted Camp Fire girls as their leader or assisted the boy scouts as their assistant leader. This is where the days required dinner preparation, assisting our children with their homework and bedtime preparation, after a long day at work. Other nights required carpooling for after school sports and music.
This was the house where late-night hours of intense studying after the other tasks were completed would enable me to receive my bachelor's and master's degrees. The walls of this house had witnessed the greatest years of my life as our children's mother. These walls also held the innermost secrets of my heart as I sobbed and spent countless nights crying myself to sleep when Chuck refused to be a husband to me; to love me, to hold me, to embrace me.
Marie and Christian have never shared their sentiments of leaving that house, but for me, it was not about the house I never liked, but the reminiscences of the children's lives and the family times we had while residing there. This house; our home also held the memories of the countless international guests we hosted. Sometimes they would be our guests for only a week or two, while other times we hosted guests up to six weeks at a time.
I desired our house to be a home to any/all whom entered our doors; to know they were welcomed and cherished while being "one of our family." For Chuck leaving Edmond, it was not a concern; it was merely a house, not his home. He was eager to move away to what he believed would be a golden opportunity to move up the corporate ladder. For me it was one of the saddest days of my life; not as sorrowful as what would await me years later, but a very melancholy time.
Even though we drove to FL to enable a vacation enroute, the atmosphere between Chuck and me was not a pleasant one. My thoughts remained with our children whom were mournful we were leaving them behind. Chuck's attitude was not one of understanding this move was solely for him. I also realized the hotel which would be our "home" for the next six weeks was not the best transition into a new state, a new city and a new house.
As the movers brought our possessions into the FL house, it all seemed surreal. We were residing in a community where the majority of the residents were from NYC and this displaced, "buckeye okie" realized immediately she was not embraced by the local residents. Chuck was "one of the gang" as he was now in the corporate office; the corporation whom had owned the oil company where he had been employed as the tax director for the past 22 years. Yes, he was in his element, while the next few years would bring additional heartache for Jalene.
Please follow me on my continued blog which began in April 2016 of domestic violence, estrangement and marital betrayal.


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» CBSE Class 10 English Communicative SA 1 2010 (2)
CBSE Class 10 English Communicative SA 1 2010 (2). Students can download the last year question papers using the link below. Free download of examination question papers with solutions. Last 10 year question papers should be practised to get better marks in examinations.
SECTION - A
( Reading - 20 Marks )
1. Read the following passage carefully :
He's a lover of languages, fluent in German, French and English and of course, his mother tongue Tamil. Teaching German at the Goethe Institute upto seven days a week, and heading the long distance learning program in cooperation with IGNOU, keep him very busy. As if his life wasn't hectic enough, P. Saralathan has translated Franz Kafka's 'Letter to the Father' from the original German text into Tamil. The Tamil translation is entitled 'Thandaiku' Saralathan says he was inspired to translate 'Letter to the Father' for the potential of Kafka's words make us look at the power wielded by Indian parents over their children. In a rare departure for contemporary Indian or Tamil literature, this book explores the son's pent up remorse towards his father. It is not to say that a son in India can not feel for his father, but according to Saralathan, it's something that is not really discussed openly in our patriarchal society.
Answer the following questions by selecting the most appropriate option from the ones given below :
(a) What makes Saralathan extremely busy ?
(i) seven days teaching of German at Goethe Institute
(ii) heads distance learning programme of IGNOU
(iii) translation into Tamil.
(iv) all the above
(b) Why was he inspired to translate Letter to the Father into Tamil ?
(i) to make us understand Kafka's words
(ii) to make us understand the power Indian parents hold over their children
(iii) to educate Indian parents
(iv) none of the above
(c) What has this book tried to explore ?
(i) son's anger towards his father
(ii) son's remorse towards his father
(iii) son's repressed remorse towards his father
(iv) son's affection towards his father
(d) The word 'pent up' in the passage means :
(i) cordial (ii) impious
(iii) great (iv) repressed
(e) A patriarchal society is headed by :
(i) female (ii) grown up female
(iii) male (iv) all the three.
Please click the link below to download pdf file of CBSE Class 10 English Communicative SA 1 2010 (2).
How to Effectively Answer CBSE Board Examination Question Papers
The intend of this article is to share the best ways to answer the CBSE Board Examination. Usually most of the students tend to become nervous at the times of the board examination. In this article we will share the most effective ways to make the answers to the CBSE...


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Q: Consolidating coding styles: Funcs, private method, single method classes We currently have 3 devs with, some, conflicting styles and I'm looking for a way to bring peace to the kingdom...
The  Coders:
Foo 1: Likes to use Func's & Action's inside public methods. He uses actions to alias off lengthy method calls and Func's to perform simple tasks that can be expressed in 1 or 2 lines and will be used frequently through out the code
Pros: The main body of his code is succinct and very readable, often with only one or 2 public methods per class and rarely any private methods.
Cons: The start of methods contain blocks of lambda rich code that other developers don't enjoy reading; and, on occasion, can contain higher order functions that other dev's REALLY don't like reading.

Foo 2: Likes to create a private method for (almost) everything the public method will have to do .
Pros: Public methods remain small and readable (to all developers).
Cons: Private methods are numerous. With private methods that call into other private methods, that call into... etc, etc. Making code hard to navigate.

Foo 3: Likes to create a public class with a, single, public method for every, non-trivial, task that needs performing, then dependency inject them into other objects.
Pros: Easily testable, easy to understand (one object, one responsibility).
Cons: project gets littered by classes, opening multiple class files to understand what code does makes navigation awkward.

It would be great to take the best of all these techniques...
Foo-1 Has really nice, readable (almost dsl-like) code... for the most part, except for all the Action and Func lambda shenanigans bulked together at the start of a method.
Foo-3 Has highly testable and extensible code that just feels a bit "belt-&-braces" for some solutions and has some code-navigation niggles (constantly hitting F12 in VS and opening 5 other .cs files to find out what a single method does).
And Foo-2... Well I'm not sure I like anything about the one-huge .cs file with 2 public methods and 12 private ones, except for the fact it's easier for juniors to dig into.
I admit I grossly over-simplified the explanations of those coding styles; but if any one knows of any patterns, practices or diplomatic-manoeuvres that can help unite our three developers (without just telling any of them to just "stop it!") that would be great.
From a feasibility standpoint :

*

*Foo-1's style meets with the most resistance due to some developers finding lambda and/or Func's hard to read.

*Foo-2's style meets with a less resistance as it's just so easy to fall into.

*Foo-3's style requires the most forward thinking and is difficult to enforce when time is short.

Any ideas on some coding styles or conventions that can make this work?

A: It's not at all clear why you dislike the private methods for Foo-2.
You complain about a "huge" .cs file - but why would it be significantly larger than Foo-1's style? The same amount of code is there, it's just that the actions are split into methods rather than expressed as lambdas.
Foo-2 seems the best option to me, to be honest. Keep your public API to only what you want to expose it, and then implement it in the simplest way. While lambdas are definitely appropriate in some situations, Foo-1's style sounds like it takes it to the extreme - beyond where it's really sensible.
In particular, consider if your two public methods have some common subtask. Foo-1's approach would end up duplicating that code - Foo-2's approach would put the common code in a private method called from both... which seems like a sensible approach to me.
Likewise, you talk about private methods calling private methods... surely the equivalent Foo-1 code would be lambda expressions calling lambda expressions, which is hardly any better!
Additionally, if you're happy with white-box unit testing, Foo-2's approach can make it easier to test "chunky" public API implementations by testing the "smaller" bits of the implementation individually - admittedly forcing you to use internal visibility instead of private for the methods, or using reflection.
Foo-3 sounds like a different approach entirely, in that it's changing the public API rather than the implementation. That's more about design than coding style, and should be considered separately.

A: I'd say that before you introduce new rules and conventions, that you should set aside some team time and initiate a respectful and open discussion within your development team about the current codebase. Get your developers to discuss coding styles and the things that they both like and dislike about the codebase and its mixture of coding styles.
In short, get things out in the open; this is more healthy than letting feelings fester, and even if you introduce new rules to fix the code issues, the politics will likely remain.
Let the team feel that they are being treated as sensible adults and that they have some input and influence upon the coding conventions that you introduce.
It's always worth trying a self-policing approach first, and you may not need to enforce anything, if the discussion goes well.
Most important of all: Try to ensure that everyone listens (including yourself).

A: For my 2 cents, they all have their place but no one style should be used exclusively, especially 1 and 3. Style 1 has code that is difficult to understand, and style 3 results in an object model that is difficult to work out.
Get together and try and work it out. This is surprisingly difficult to do and is often more about compromise to get consistency than doing what is 'right'. The compromisers are the unsung heroes here. :)
Foo 1
I must admit I like to use lambda and funcs occasionally to program in a "co-routine" style. However, this is rare and only used when alternatives would not be as neat, or express the design intent as clearly.
I really don't think that this style of coding scans well as a general programming style (at least in C#) as many other programmers have to play compiler to work out what is going on - not good. However it certainly does have its place.
Foo 2
This sounds like a reasonable coding style. The fact that there are dependencies between private methods is just DRY working on the small scale (if it is executed well).
Foo 3
Using DI does not mandate using this style i.e. single public method per class. This style at its worst is symptomatic of forgetting that in OO we are actually trying to model 'things'. Gluing together a huge bunch of methods with no discernible object model is not great, discoverability sucks. Creating good object models is hard though.

A: It is really very tricky to convenience developers to follow strict guidelines, especially when a new language features come along, especially Foo-1 developer want to use lambda.
It looks like Foo-1 and Foo-2 have some similarities to use more functional programming.
As in your team, the primary development language is C#, which is mainly object oriented, so you must try to bring more object oriented approach towards development and try to persuade them to use classes / objects for reusable code. One of the technique is peer review would also help among your team members, it is not required for every line of code, but couple of starting sessions may help, and you should manage / start those reviews with them first and then let them do.

A: I am sure that you will get alot of differing opinions on this, but my feeling is that the internal implementation of a class is hidden and really doesn't make that much of a difference to the consumer of the class.  Therefore, Foo1 and Foo2 are basically the same and the only difference is Foo3.  I am also not a fan of having multiple objects all over the place.  If I had to lean towards Foo1 or Foo2, I would favour Foo2 because it would be easier to refactor and move code into subclasses.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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A Little Church
with a Big Mission
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We are gathering digitally on Sunday, January 24, 2021 at our normal worship time of 11:00 a.m. If you have a computer with a camera and a microphone you can can see, hear, and speak to everyone who is participating.
or dial 301 715 8592, Meeting ID: 816 2118 9588, Password: 503894. If you would like technical assistance, please sign on by 10:30 a.m.
Welcome to Church of the Covenant, Presbyterian USA - Arlington, VA
I'm delighted that you're visiting our website and look forward to meeting you face-to-face. We are a little church with a big mission: to bless others as we have been blessed. [Genesis 12:2]. We're tightly connected with the neighborhood of North Arlington, but we have a global outreach. When you visit the campus at 2666 North Military Road, you'll notice that we care about the neighborhood, Arlington County, the National Capital region, the world…and YOU!
If you're new here, we'd like to let you know what to expect. Peace, Pastor Campbell Hackett
Worship Series on Exodus
LISTEN TO A PRIOR SERMON
November 15, The Rev. Glenn Zuber, "The Faith that Makes the Vision a Reality"
October 25, The Rev. Glenn Zuber, "The Spiritual Adventure of Spiritual Leadership"
October 18, The Rev. Glenn Zuber, "Finding the "Person of Peace" God has Called"
October 11, The Rev. Glenn Zuber, "The Spiritual Adventure of Becoming a Mentor"
October 4, The Rev. Glenn Zuber, "The Missing First Commandment in the Ten Commandments"
September 27, The Rev. Glenn Zuber, "Bread for the Journey"
September 20, The Rev. Glenn Zuber, "The Egyptian Addiction"
September 13, The Rev. Glenn Zuber, "Have to get Your Feet Wet"
September 6, The Rev. Glenn Zuber, "Viewing the World through Passover-colored Glasses"
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The purpose of our chapter is to bring together building officials and the industry to exchange ideas and improve on industry standards.
Come join us in attending an ICC East Bay Chapter Meeting for an opportunity to keep up to date on the activities of the ICC and code adoption status.
Plus it also serves as a forum to discuss code changes, interpretations, and updates.
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Burlington, VT, the largest city in the state, is known mostly for its hipsters, outdoor enthustiasts, and musicians. Foodies are also attracted to the city for its array of scrumptious dining options and the chance to taste some Ben & Jerry's ice cream in the place in which it was founded. Spa-going foodies can satiate their cravings for both passions at The Essex, Vermont's Culinary Resort & Spa (Essex, VT), which is located just miles from downtown Burlington and boasts the 21,000-square-foot Spa at The Essex.
Guests can experience the fruitful benefits of the local ingredients in many of the face and body treatments, like the popular Signature Customized Body Treatment ($140, 50 minutes), which allows guests to create their own body treatment recipes in a body scrub, a body butter, or a massage oil to be used during the service. In addition, the Energizing Body Glow ($60, 25 minutes; $160, 80 minutes) uses bamboo grains infused with essential oils of ginger and lime to gently remove dull, rough, and dry skin, while warmed towels steeped with peppermint, lemon-lime, and pine remove the scrub, revealing smooth, radiant skin.