text:
use std::collections::HashMap;

use crate::Data;
use crate::order::{PartialOrder, TotalOrder};
use crate::dataflow::channels::pact::Pipeline;
use crate::dataflow::{Stream, Scope};
use crate::dataflow::operators::generic::operator::Operator;

/// Methods to advance the timestamps of records or batches of records.
pub trait Delay<G: Scope, D: Data> {

    /// Advances the timestamp of records using a supplied function.
    ///
    /// The function *must* advance the timestamp; the operator will test that the
    /// new timestamp is greater or equal to the old timestamp, and will assert if
    /// it is not.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// The following example takes the sequence `0..10` at time `0`
    /// and delays each element `i` to time `i`.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use timely::dataflow::operators::{ToStream, Delay, Operator};
    /// use timely::dataflow::channels::pact::Pipeline;
    ///
    /// timely::example(|scope| {
    ///     (0..10).to_stream(scope)
    ///            .delay(|data, time| *data)
    ///            .sink(Pipeline, "example", |input| {
    ///                input.for_each(|time, data| {
    ///                    println!("data at time: {:?}", time);
    ///                });
    ///            });
    /// });
    /// ```
    fn delay(&self, func: impl Fn(&D, &G::Timestamp)->G::Timestamp+'static) -> Self;

    /// Advances the timestamp of records using a supplied function.
    ///
    /// This method is a specialization of `delay` for when the timestamp is totally
    /// ordered. In this case, we can use a priority queue rather than an unsorted
    /// list to manage the potentially available timestamps.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// The following example takes the sequence `0..10` at time `0`
    /// and delays each element `i` to time `i`.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use timely::dataflow::operators::{ToStream, Delay, Operator};
    /// use timely::dataflow::channels::pact::Pipeline;
    ///
    /// timely::example(|scope| {
    ///     (0..10).to_stream(scope)
    ///            .delay(|data, time| *data)
    ///            .sink(Pipeline, "example", |input| {
    ///                input.for_each(|time, data| {
    ///                    println!("data at time: {:?}", time);
    ///                });
    ///            });
    /// });
    /// ```
    fn delay_total(&self, func: impl Fn(&D, &G::Timestamp)->G::Timestamp+'static) -> Self
    where G::Timestamp: TotalOrder;

    /// Advances the timestamp of batches of records using a supplied function.
    ///
    /// The operator will test that the new timestamp is greater or equal to the
    /// old timestamp, and will assert if it is not. The batch version does not
    /// consult the data, and may only view the timestamp itself.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// The following example takes the sequence `0..10` at time `0`
    /// and delays each batch (there is just one) to time `1`.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use timely::dataflow::operators::{ToStream, Delay, Operator};
    /// use timely::dataflow::channels::pact::Pipeline;
    ///
    /// timely::example(|scope| {
    ///     (0..10).to_stream(scope)
    ///            .delay_batch(|time| time + 1)
    ///            .sink(Pipeline, "example", |input| {
    ///                input.for_each(|time, data| {
    ///                    println!("data at time: {:?}", time);
    ///                });
    ///            });
    /// });
    /// ```
    fn delay_batch(&self, func: impl Fn(&G::Timestamp)->G::Timestamp+'static) -> Self;
}

impl<G: Scope, D: Data> Delay<G, D> for Stream<G, D> {
    fn delay(&self, func: impl Fn(&D, &G::Timestamp)->G::Timestamp+'static) -> Stream<G, D> {
        let mut elements = HashMap::new();
        let mut vector = Vec::new();
        self.unary_notify(Pipeline, "Delay", vec![], move |input, output, notificator| {
            input.for_each(|time, data| {
                data.swap(&mut vector);
                for datum in vector.drain(..) {
                    let new_time = func(&datum, &time);
                    assert!(time.time().less_equal(&new_time));
                    elements.entry(new_time.clone())
                            .or_insert_with(|| { notificator.notify_at(time.delayed(&new_time)); Vec::new() })
                            .push(datum);
                }
            });

            // for each available notification, send corresponding set
            notificator.for_each(|time,_,_| {
                if let Some(mut data) = elements.remove(&time) {
                    output.session(&time).give_iterator(data.drain(..));
                }
            });
        })
    }

    fn delay_total(&self, func: impl Fn(&D, &G::Timestamp)->G::Timestamp+'static) -> Self
    where
        G::Timestamp: TotalOrder
    {
        self.delay(func)
    }

    fn delay_batch(&self, func: impl Fn(&G::Timestamp)->G::Timestamp+'static) -> Stream<G, D> {
        let mut elements = HashMap::new();
        self.unary_notify(Pipeline, "Delay", vec![], move |input, output, notificator| {
            input.for_each(|time, data| {
                let new_time = func(&time);
                assert!(time.time().less_equal(&new_time));
                elements.entry(new_time.clone())
                        .or_insert_with(|| { notificator.notify_at(time.delayed(&new_time)); Vec::new() })
                        .push(data.replace(Vec::new()));
            });

            // for each available notification, send corresponding set
            notificator.for_each(|time,_,_| {
                if let Some(mut datas) = elements.remove(&time) {
                    for mut data in datas.drain(..) {
                        output.session(&time).give_vec(&mut data);
                    }
                }
            });
        })
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Hello world! I don't have much time to ramble today so I'll just move on to the stuff. There is a new awesome build by Hive at Salem and since you're there, check out the ravens JIAN made as well.
You know, I was really tempted to play with you all and hide a raven somewhere in the picture, to see who would eventually find it. Hmm..I actually regret not doing that now, so maybe next time!


text:
Odra river boulevards
Jasne Błonia Park
Pionier 1907 Cinema
Dialog Centre Przełomy
Museum of Technology and Transport
Pomeranian Dukes' Castle
Have you ever seen an iceberg in the city center? If not, you must see the new premises of Szczecin Philharmonic which majestically emerges from urban buildings and pervasive greenery. Its metal and glass facade supplemented with light illuminations catch the eye of each person who comes nearby. The building was designed by Catalonian architects from Barozzi Veiga from Barcelona and immediately has become the icon of our city. It has received numerous awards, including the Mies van der Rohe Award in 2015.
filharmonia.szczecin.pl
The Odra river boulevards
Renovated boulevards of Long Bridge (Most Długi) and Castle Route (Trasa Zamkowa) and on Łasztownia island attract strollers, cyclists, roller skaters and sailors. Wyszak Boat is one of the decorations of Sailors Avenue. The smell of cacao and chocolate tempts our noses. This sweet aroma comes from the chocolate factory "GRYF".
For more info and events calendar please visit: bulwary.szczecin.eu
The Jasne Błonia Park
Jasne Błonia is a wide green park located by the Szczecin City Hall, one of the favorite places for walks, riding a bike or simply to spend time sitting comfortably on a bench or on the lawn. The park was built in the years 1925-27, it was designed with rows of maple plane trees on the sides of a wide lawn with ground-based flower arrangements in the middle. It is the largest concentration of this species of trees in Poland, of which over 200 are growing here.
Films can be watched in a soft armchair in cozy, historical room or at the table in "Kiniarnia" which is 2 floors below. It is a retro-style room with a jabbering projector and a piano from 1898. Seems like atmosphere in an old cinema? It is even better as it is the oldest cinema in the world which has been operating in the same place continuously for more than 100 years. Before you enter the cinema please look at the glass-case, there is a certificate from The World Guinness Book.
www.kino-pionier.com.pl
The Dialog Centre "Przełomy"
This is one of branches of the National Museum in Szczecin, where newest history of Szczecin and West Pomerania region is presented, with particular attention given to social protests and breaking events in the years 1970–1971, 1980– 1981, 1988–1989, that lead Poland to regain sovereignty in 1989. The building that houses our museum is partially hidden under the Solidarity Plaza, adjacent to the Concert Hall.Location of the museum has not been chosen by an accident - it was here when on 17 December 1970 first shots were fired at the protesters. In July 2016, the Dialogue Centre Upheavals was ranked the Best Public Space in Europe. Four months later, on November 18, the same building was named World Building of the Year.
przelomy.muzeum.szczecin.pl
The Museum of Technology and Transport
Thanks to the passion and endurance of the Szczecin Society of Fans of Public Transport, the Museum of Technology and Transport was opened in an old, former tram depot in 2010. The obtainment of a grant allowed them to renovate the object, repair the old trams there and bring them back into use, as well as purchase 32 vintage cars and 56 motorcycles from a Warsaw collector. In this way the Museum and the Art Depot, many times awarded, were brought into being.
The unique collection and well done renovation of this historical building attract people with its exhibitions, educational programs and cultural events. Filled with natural light, finished in an interesting manner, it has become a popular place for photo sessions, and has been used as an art gallery and fashion show. It is worth following its current events and discovering the treasures brought in for temporary exhibits.
muzeumtechniki.eu
The Pomeranian Dukes' Castle
Anyone entering Szczecin by bridges over the Oder River can see the towering red-brick gothic Cathedral and an elegant, pale silhouette of a Renaissance castle with green towers, which used to be the seat of the dukes of the Griffins dynasty who ruled the Duchy of Pomerania. The Pomeranian Dukes' Castle has five wings and two courtyards. There is a panoramic terrace on the rooftop of the northern wing from where splendid views can be appreciated. A 17th century astronomical clock is the Castle's special tourist attraction. Also a room dedicated to Eilhard Lubinus and the Witches' Cell are definitely worth a visit.
zamek.szczecin.pl
Source of photographs: www.szczecin.eu, filharmonia.szczecin.pl
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
TellyMix / News / News Articles /
Miranda Hart comes out on top at the 2010/2011 British Comedy Awards
Posted January 23, 2011 18:20 by Josh Darvill
Miranda Hart was the big winner at the British Comedy Awards 2010/2011 last night, presented by Jonathon Ross live from the IndigO2 in London. Other winners at the ceremony, which was broadcast live on Channel 4 for the first time since 1990, included newcomer stand-up John Bishop Hart and long-time comics Harry Hill and Michael McIntyre.
Picking up the first award, presented by Dara O'Briain, was Michael McIntyre for 'Best Male TV Comic'. McIntyre wasn't at the venue, instead being presented the award via a live video link up to Liverpool where the comedian was taking part in the Britain's Got Talernt 2011 auditions. Writer, stand up and panel regular Jo Brand meanwhile picked up the award for Best Female TV Comic, saying: "I'd just like to say I've enjoyed working with everyone that I've liked!"
The next award was for Best Panel Show, with Phil 'The Power' Taylor and Lauren Laverne presenting Lee Mack, Rob Bryon and David Mitchell the gong for BBC One hit 'Would I Lie To You'. Asked to make a comment, Mack quipped: "I'd just like to thank the makers of Call My Bluff for not suing us!"
Miranda Hart then picked up the 'Best New British Television Comedy' award for her self-titled and self-written sitcom 'Miranda', while Harry Hill's TV creation 'Wagbo' stormed the stage to take his award for 'Best Comedy Television Personality'.
Next E4 teen hit The Inbetweeners picked up the 'Best Sitcom' award, two years after picking up the award for 'Best New Comedy' back in 2008. The funny show beat off tough competition from BBC's Miranda and The Thick Of It to pick up the gong, with the cast thanking the viewers for tuning in.
Roy Clarke then picked up a special award for Life Time achievement, presented to him by Clive Swift. Clarke, the writer behind such comic hits like Last of the Summer Wine, Open All Hours and Keeping Up Appearances, said on receiving the prize: "The thing about this one is... it's only for me... it's just very kindness. It means a lot, it's very kind. Because you're here it's clear none of you need my best wishes but they go to you, I wish you all the good warm feedback this industry can provide. Good luck to you all and thank you for this."
[ad#ArticleAd]
Charlie Brooker picked up the award for 'Best Comedy Entertainment Programme' for his BBC2 'Newswipe' show, beating off favourite Harry Hill. Thanking the BBC and the production crew, Brooker added: "I'd also like to thank Sky News for providing around 85% of the footage used in the show."
The cast of E4's Misfits appeared to present Horrible Histories with the award for 'Best TV Sketch Show', the first time in the award's history that a children's programme has picked up a gong.
Concluding the ceremony was the award for 'The King Or Queen Of Comedy 2010' as voted for by the viewers throughout the programme via a phone vote and presented by David Tennant. The title went to Miranda Hart, making it her third award of the night. Speaking on the stage, Hart said: "This is a joke right? I genuinely don't know what to say... I've just spat! I've actually just spat!"
IN FULL: British Comedy Awards 2010/2011 winners announced!
More on: News Articles


This is a four-hour workshop run by Tarot Cat aimed at those who are new to tarot, or those who have always been interested but are struggling to know where to start.
This four-hour workshop is aimed at those who are new to tarot, or those who have always been interested but are struggling to know where to start. It will cover how to make a deep connection with tarot cards for your own wellbeing and how they can enrich your life on a daily basis. It will also cover how to read the cards for others in a modern, empathic style that supports and invites discussion, rather than predicts the future. It doesn't matter what you do (or don't!) believe about the tarot, this workshop is suitable for those who are looking to explore the tarot as a spiritual tool, and those who have no spiritual beliefs whatsoever!
The workshop costs £29. This is a small, cosy workshop for a maximum of four people only. The first workshop was held in December 2018, and it was a beautiful morning! The next workshop is held on Saturday 23rd February 2019 from 1-5pm in Musselburgh (near Edinburgh). To book a place or to ask more questions, just drop me an email. Looking forward to seeing you there!
While we take every opportunity to ensure the details for Tarot for Wellbeing Workshop near Edinburgh are accurate, we always advise that you contact the event organiser before setting out for the event to avoid disapointment.


Print metallic sell sheets, or sales sheets, as they are often called, to capture the attention of everyone who lays eyes on them. Once you draw them in, use metallic sell sheets to inform and educate people about the products and services you offer. Sell sheets are an effective marketing tool for products, properties, stores, restaurants and more.
Metallic sell sheet printing adds shimmer to any color. Silver foil is layered beneath CMYK colors during the printing process resulting in a colorful shine.
You can use multiple colors in foil and add gradients, if you'd like.
Spot UV is available, too. It draws focus to any part of your design with a high gloss coat.
Just upload your design file and our printing experts will check your artwork to make sure it's print-ready.
If you don't have your own artwork, it's no problem at all. You can use one of our free, downloadable file setup templates.
Yes, we offer a free file proofing service to ensure the artwork is error-free before it goes to print. Our highly-skilled prepress team checks your design to see if it meets printing standards. We highly recommend this service—especially if you're on a tight deadline, in a rush, or have specific design concerns.
Printing time is the number of days it takes to produce your order. We can print metallic sell sheets in 6 business days. To find out when your custom labels will arrive, type your ZIP code after selecting "Estimate Shipping Cost and Delivery Date" in our online calculator.


text:
Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Cntr: Stuttgart, AR
ARS Home » Southeast Area » Stuttgart, Arkansas » Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Cntr » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #227463
IACUC Summary
Title: Cryopreservation of sperm of the endangered gila trout, Oncorhynchus gilae
Fuller, Adam
CARMICHAEL, GARY
Submitted to: Journal of Applied Aquaculture
Citation: Fuller, S.A., Carmichael, G.J. 2007. Cryopreservation of sperm of the endangered gila trout, Oncorhynchus gilae. Journal of Applied Aquaculture. 19(1):71-79.
Interpretive Summary: Gila trout are native to the Gila River drainage in New Mexico and Arizona and the headwaters of the Verde River drainage in Arizona. The species is currently protected as endangered under the Endangered Species Act. Cryopreservation is now a widely used method for long-term storage of fish semen. It is an effective tool for conserving diversity in threatened and endangered species, and can also be used for selective breeding programs. However, there is no one protocol that seems to work with all species of fish. To determine the potential of this technique as a tool in the recovery of this endangered species, we looked at the impact of five freeze-protectants and four preservatives of different concentrations on sperm swimming activity in Gila trout. We tested preservatives already used for other fish species to decide what would be best to use on Gila trout. Preservatives were tested to see at what concentration Gila trout sperm would begin swimming. Five freeze protectors were tested at different concentrations to determine the most suitable for use with Gila trout sperm. There was no difference in Gila trout sperm swimming activity exposed to different preservatives. There was no difference in toxic effect or post-freeze swimming activity among the different freeze protectors because there were big differences in sperm swimming activity with all the different fish tested.
Technical Abstract: Gila trout, Oncorhynchus gilae, are native to the headwaters of the Gila River drainage in New Mexico and Arizona and the headwaters of the Verde River drainage in Arizona. The species is currently protected as endangered under the Endangered Species Act. Cryopreservation of sperm is now a widely used method for long-term storage of fish semen. It is an effective tool for conserving genetic diversity in threatened and endangered species, and can also be used for genetic improvement through selective breeding programs. However, there is no one protocol that seems to work with all species of fish. To determine the potential of this technique as a tool in the recovery of this endangered species, we sought to examine the effects of five cryoprotectants and four extenders of varying concentrations on post-thaw motility of Gila trout spermatozoa. Gila trout gametes were collected from broodstock located at Mora Fish Technology Center, Mora, New Mexico. We tested three extenders used successfully in other fish species to determine the most appropriate for use with Gila trout spermatozoa. Extender concentrations were tested to see at what osmolality there was no activation of spermatozoa. Five cryoprotectants were tested at varying concentrations to determine the most suitable for use with Gila trout spermatozoa. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in motility of Gila trout spermatozoa exposed to different extenders. The concentration at which no spermatozoa were observed actively swimming was 453 mOsm/kg calcium-free Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in toxic effect or post-thaw motility among the different cryoprotectants or concentrations due to high motility variation between individuals. However, 9% dimethyl-sulfoxide yielded consistently higher mean post-thaw motility (23%). Larger sample sizes might be able to reduce the amount of intra-treatment variation, which will allow us to determine whether DMSO offers superior protection for Gila trout spermatozoa.


This topic contains 5 replies, has 2 voices, and was last updated by goldmember 1 day, 5 hours ago.
Finally putting the finished product together and I want to double check the power head mounting.
My outboard had a metal shim under one end and under the gasket on top of the lower unit. I assume I need to put that back.
Also I have a round gasket with a flat end that is for the copper water tube. Does that go under (on top of the metal shim) or over the main gasket ?
The old gasket had the plate under the gasket up against the lower unit. No copper stamping on my 1947.
laying down the large gasket first then positioning the smaller water tube gasket before joining powerhead to driveshat/exhaust housing.
parts and not mentioning earlier patterns that were No Longer Available.


text:
Lukashenko controls Russo-Belarusian cooperation issues
On May 21st, Belarus and Russia Prime Ministers Myasnikovich and Medvedev met in Moscow.
The Prime Ministers' meeting results confirmed assessment that President Lukashenko was still in control of privatization in Belarus. Therefore, the most controversial issues of the Belarusian-Russian cooperation will be addressed at the meeting between presidents Lukashenka and Putin in Astana in late May at the CES Summit.
The meeting between Myasnikovich and Medvedev had negative results. The parties failed to agree on the most contentious bilateral relations issues: privatization and oil trade. Earlier, the two countries' Deputy Prime Ministers Semashko and Dvorkovich also failed in reaching the final agreement. Thus, the issue of oil supply volume to Belarus in Q3 and Q4 2013 remains unresolved (must be signed by mid-June).
In Russo-Belarusian relations, Prime Minister Myasnikovich is only a 'technical' figure with no independent influence. He managed to strengthen his positions during the 2011 crisis, but later failed to preserve his political capital. Therefore, no breakthroughs should be anticipated during Medvedev's visit to Minsk on May 31st to participate in the Council of CIS Heads of Government meeting, since these issues are not resolved at the Prime Minister's level.
President Lukashenko is the key political figure in Belarus' foreign policy and Belarusian-Russian relations in particular. Lukashenko's nearest opportunity to meet with Putin will be in late May at the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council meeting of the Common Economic Space member states.
Noteworthy, the two planned meetings between Lukashenko and Putin failed to take place, one in Sochi on May 10th during the amateur hockey tournament, and the second at the informal CSTO summit on May 28th in Bishkek. The first meeting was disrupted after the controversial disqualification of the Belarusian President's hockey team, and the second (on May 28th) will not take place due to the revised Summit's agenda, which will focus on the Central Asian security issues. Thus, Belarus and Armenia will not participate in the Summit.
Former civil servants as new factor in unemployment growth
According to Belstat, in August 7,600 people were dismissed, including 4,800 civil servants. Dismissals of civil servants were due to the optimisation in the public administration by up to 30%. Some civil servants would retain their job however would lose the status of a civil servant. Vacancies on the labour market are likely to reduce in number, thanks to the optimisation, the state administration would increase wages for public servants. The payroll fund for retained employees is likely to increase and some former state employees are likely to get jobs in affiliated organizations. The optimisation of the state apparatus should complete by January 1st, 2018, and some former civil servants are likely to join the ranks of the unemployed.


We're excited you've decided to look into properties available in our beautiful Rocky Mountain community of Sparwood, BC and have developed this website to assist you in your search.
For an introduction to the Re/Max Elk Valley Realty team, visit Realtors.
To see a selection of residential and commercial properties currently available in the Elk Valley, check out our Sparwood Listings and Elkford Listings.
To discover more community information and links for the area, be sure to visit our links page.
And of course, should you have any questions or if you're interested in finding out about our services in greater detail, don't hesitate to contact us.


text:
Hindu, Hinduism and Hindustan: Part L
by Dr. Jaipal Singh
Continued from Part XLIX
Ahimsa and Satya are two significant and unique attributes of Sanatana Dharma (Hinduism) since ancient times, and the two together encompass and influence several other divine virtues. For illustration, a person pursuing Ahimsa will necessarily be pious, kind and compassionate towards all creatures, harmless to one's self and others under all conditions, and largely free from the vices like hate, anger, envy and violence. Similarly, person pursuing Satya will necessarily be utmost honest with a strong moral character and positive and virtuous attributes like integrity, truthfulness, politeness, forthright, sincere, fair and frank, and at the same time free from the vices like lying, or being deceitful and machiavellian. In the modern age, the ideal icon of Ahimsa (non-violence) and Satya (truth) is Indian leader Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, who utilized these attributes in his personal life and the freedom struggle to pressurize British colonial power to leave country.
Satya is a Sanskrit word (root Sat) which means "truthfulness" in accordance with one's thought, words and deeds. Ahimsa and Satya are also first two components of Yama in Patanjali's Yogsutra, which (Yama) is considered the first limb of yoga. The two attributes along with Asteya (non-stealing), Brahmacharya (chastity or sexual restraint) and Aparigraha (non-covetousness) make the foundation of the spiritual life and find a mention in the Yoga Sutra in the same order as precursors to Samadhi. Being truthful is the essence of the Self that can be achieved by speaking truth and practicing truth in spirit, word and deed. Hindu texts define thirteen forms of Satya namely truthfulness, equal vision, self-control, absence of envious emulation, forgiveness, modesty, endurance, non-jealousy, charity, thoughtfulness, disinterested philanthropy, self-possession and compassionate harmlessness. Truthfulness is like 'walk your talk' in practice; thought must be in consonance with the word and so be the word with the action.
Satya in Vedic Scriptures
In Hinduism, the Vedas are synonymized with the truth and Satya is considered to be a central theme in these oldest scriptures. In the Rigveda, the term 'Rta' has been has been nearly used for four hundred times implying the abstract themes like commandment, truth, order, regularity, and so on. Satya or Satyam is an old Sanskrit term which is also interpreted as "unchangeable; that which has no distortion; that which is beyond distinction of time, space and gender; and that which pervades the universe in all its constancy" – as the scriptures say the only truth in this universe is Brahman (God). In Rigveda, the opposite words of Rta and Satya are Anrta and Asatya i.e. falsehood; that Rta and Satya are considered as means of approbation for the divine, while falsehood is synonymous to incurring sin. Satya implies action and speech that is factual, real and reverent to Rta in Book 1, 4, 6, 7, 9 and 10 of Rigveda.
Among several Upanishads, the attribute of Satya has been discussed and glorified at length. For instance, in Brihadarankya Upanishad Satya is described as both the means of Brahman as well as Divine Truth (Brahman) itself. In hymn 1.4.14 of Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, the section dealing with the experience in Consciousness of birth and creation, Satya (truth) is equated to Dharma (law of righteousness).
"…He specially projected that excellent form, righteousness (Dharma). This righteousness is the controller of the Kshatriya. Therefore, there is nothing higher than that. (So) even a weak man hopes (to defeat) a stronger man through righteousness, as (one contending) with the king. That righteousness is verily truth. Therefore, they say about a person speaking of truth, 'He speaks of righteousness', or about a person speaking of righteousness, 'He speaks of truth', for both these are but righteousness."
Satya is illustrated through a legend in Chapter IV of the Chandogya Upanishad in the context of Satyakama Jabala, who later became an accomplished Vedic sage and an Upanishad is named after him. Satyakama was a truthful Student who wanted to study under Sage Gautama. Those days, a considerable importance was attached to the family background the student to ensure good academic environment in Gurukuls which were essentially the boarding schools. Satyakama too faced the prodding queries about his parentage and family background; however, instead of giving false information at the risk of being disqualified for the entry in Gurukul, Satyakama preferred to speak truth that his mother Jabala was a devdasi, visited many people and was unaware who his father was. Impressed with his truthfulness, Sage Gautam accepted him at his Gurukul and he was named after his mother as Satyakama Jabala. The Sage declared that the boy's honesty and truthfulness was the mark of a Brahmana i.e. the true seeker of the knowledge of Brahman; so much importance was accorded to truthfulness in Vedic age.
The Taittiriya Upanishad comprises of three chapters, namely, the Siksha Valli, the Ananda Valli and the Bhrigu Valli. The second chapter Ananda Valli, also known as Brahmananda Valli, includes nine verses; of which, the very first anuvaka (lesson) synonymizes Satya with God as follows:
Brahmviddyapnoti param;
Tadeshabhyayuktah;
Satyam gyanmannantam Brahma.
(One who knows Brahman, reaches the highest. Satya (truth) is Brahman, Jnana (knowledge) is Brahman, Ananta (infinite) is Brahman.) (Taittiriya Upanishad, 2.1.1)
The hymn 11.11 of the Taittiriya Upanishad teaches to speak the Satya (truth) and conduct according to the Dharma (righteous duty). Similarly, the eleventh anuvaka of the first chapter of Shiksha Valli lists out the golden rules which the Vedic era teacher imparted to the gurukul students as the ethical way of life. The teachings ask the pupils to take care of themselves and pursue Dharma to the best of their abilities.
Satyam vad; Dharmam char.
Satyanna pramaditvyam.
Dharmanna pramaditvyam.
Kushalanna pramaditvyam.
Bhutye na pramaditvyam.
Svadhyay-pravachnabhyam na pramaditvyam.
(Speak the truth. Do your duty. …Never err from Truth. Never err from Dharma. Never neglect your well-being. Never neglect your prosperity. Never neglect the study and teaching of the Vedas.) (Taittiriya Upanishad, I.11.1)
The Indian emblem motto "Satyamev Jayate" of the Republic of India has been derived from a hymn of the Mundaka Upanishad:
Satyameva jayate nanrtam satyena pantha vitato devayanah,
Yenakramantyrsayo hyaptakama yatra tat satyasya paramammnidhanam.
(Truth alone triumphs, not falsehood; by Truth was stretched out the path of the journey of the gods, by which the sages winning their desire ascend there where Truth has its supreme abode. (Mundaka Upanishad, 3.1.6)
Satya (Truth) is glorified in various ways including synonymizing it with Brahman in the numerous hymns of Upanishads and Sutras holding it as the final or ultimate divine attribute that matters and prevails. In Sandilya Upanishad too, the Chapter 1 includes ten forbearances Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya, Daya, Arjava, Kshama, Dhrti, Mitahara and Sauchaas as virtues; it defines Satya as "the speaking of the truth that conduces to the wellbeing of creatures, through the actions of one's mind, speech or body." Paul Jakob Deussen, a German Indologist and professor of Philosophy, suggested that Satya as described in various Upanishads have two-layered meaning; the first one as the empirical truth about "reality" and the other one as abstract truth relating to "being and the unchanging". The two concepts have ultimately evolved and endorsed as the truth (or truthfulness) and Brahman, respectively.
Satya in Post Vedic Literature
Hindu Puranas and Epics have several legends and illustrious accounts of Satya and its distinction in human life. A classical legend in the name of Satya-Harishchandra appears in the Markandeya Purana at length and the Mahabharata as well. The story also finds a mention in the Vishnu Parana and the Devi-Bhagavata Purana with a little modified version. In Hindu religion and society, King Harishchandra is remembered as an icon of Satya, honesty and integrity. As per the Markandeya Purana, King Harishchandra was the son of Trishanku of the Ikshvaku dynasty in Ayodhya. He was a noble, honest, and just king, in whose kingdom all the subjects enjoyed peace, prosperity and equality. He had an equally kind and righteous queen named Shaivya aka Taramati and a son named Rohitashva. The illustration of King Harishchandra is an iconic legend of Satya – honesty and integrity.
The Kulguru and Sage Vasishtha had pronounced the King Harishchandra as the most truthful person on earth. Sage Vishvamitra, who had constant rivalry with Sage Vasishtha, could not bear this and vowed to disprove it. Following his subsequent spiteful machinations, the king lost his kingdom, wealth, subjects and was forced to go to Kashi (present age Varanasi). To meet Sage Vishvamitra's more demands, the king had to sell his wife Shaivya and son Rohitashva to a rich man and he was employed by the Dom (care-taker) of a crematory where he was expected to collect a certain fee before allowing cremation of every dead. His own son died of the snake-bite; his wife wanted to cremate son but in the absence money to pay for his cremation, the righteous King refused it. In a further turn of more ugly events, the king met a nemesis where he had to behead his own beloved queen. At this juncture, gods and sages intervened, Vishvamitra had to concede defeat and King Harishchandra was restored back to his kingdom with full honours for his honesty and truth.
As already mentioned earlier, Satya is listed as one of the five principal yamas i.e. virtuous restraints in Patanjali's Yogsutra, and at one place it is mentioned that when one is firmly established in speaking truth, the fruits of action become subservient to him. Patanjali's Yogsutra establishes Satya as a restraint from falsehood in one's action, words and thoughts (mind). It is widely believed since ancient times that if a person is truthful, all other virtues naturally follow him. The simple way of remaining truthful in modern age is to remain honest in admitting own errors, failures or lapses; stay away from gossip, slander, libel and harmful acts; and by remaining kind, fair and true to other people.
The Manusmriti is an ancient and important legal text among many Dharmashastras of Hinduism. It is structured as a discourse given by Manu and Bhrigu on Dharma topics such as duties, rights, laws, conduct, virtues and others. The text broadly covers a range of subjects such as the creation of the world, source of Dharma, the Dharma of the four social classes, and laws of Karma, rebirth and liberation. The Manusmriti describes the glory of Satya in the following beautiful verse.
Satyam bruyat priyam bruyat na bruyat satyam apriyam,
Priyam ca nanrutam bruyat esha dharmah sanatanah.
(Speak the truth, speak pleasantly, do not speak the truth in an unpleasant manner; even if pleasant, do not speak untruth, this is the path of Sanatana Dharma i.e. eternal righteousness.) (Manusmriti Prakaran 4. 138)
The Bhagavata Purana, also known as Srimad Bhagavatam, is one of the eighteen great Puranas (Mahapuranas) which promotes bhakti (devotion) to Lord Krishna. The 18,000 verses of the Srimad Bhagavatam present several interconnected, interwoven, and non-linear legends, dialogues, teachings, and illustrations promoting Bhakti Yoga with simultaneous coverage of subjects from cosmology, genealogy, mythology, yoga, culture, music, dance, and so on. The following verses from the Bhagavad Purana synonymize Satya with God.
Satya-vratam satya-param tri-satyam,
Satyasya yonim nihitam cha satye;
Satyasya satyam rita-satya-netram,
Satyatmakam tvam sharanam prapannah.
(O Lord, your vow is true, for not only are you the Supreme Truth, but you are also the truth in the three phases of the cosmic manifestation—creation, maintenance, and dissolution. You are the origin of all that is true, and you are also its end. You are the essence of all truth, and you are also the eyes to see the truth. Therefore, we surrender unto you, the Sat i.e., Supreme Absolute Truth; Protect us.) (Srimad Bhagavatam 10.2.26)
The greatest epic of all times, Mahabharata too attached importance and high value to the virtue of truth. At the end of war at Kurushetra, the victorious King Yudhisthira goes to the ailing grandfather Bhishma at his death-bed as advised by Krishna to learn inter alia the "Raj-dharma" i.e. righteous duties of a king. This follows a long discourse between Bhishma and Yudhisthira during which the former educates the latter on the variety of subjects as a king is expected to know for the good governance and service of his subjects. Bhishma accords highest importance to Satya relating it to the Sanatana Dharma (eternal righteousness). At one place, he relates Satya to Dharma (religion), Tap (austerity), Yog and even Brahman (God). In essence, Satya is the main virtue as everything and everyone depends on it.
Satyasya vachanam sadhu na vidyate param.
Satyen vidhritam sarvam sarvam satye partisthitam.
Api papkritou raudrah satyam kritva prithak prithak .
Adroham avisamvadam parvartante tadashrayay.
Tec hen mithoddhritim kuryur vinashyeyur asamshayam.
(To speak the truth is meritorious. There is nothing higher than truth. Everything is upheld by truth, and everything rests upon truth. Even the sinful and ferocious, swear to keep the truth amongst themselves, dismiss all grounds of quarrel and uniting with one another set themselves to their (sinful) tasks, depending upon truth. If they behaved falsely towards one another, they would then be destroyed without doubt.) (The Mahabharata, Shanti Parva, Chapter CCLIX)
In the modern age India, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is considered as an iconic personality, who pursued Ahimsa and Satya with all sincerity and commitment in personal and professional life. Truthfulness formed the core value of the Gandhian philosophy as he tried to remain truthful throughout his life. The autobiographical account of Gandhi's life "My Experiments with Truth" is a classical testimony of his love and commitment for truth. He used Ahimsa and Satyagraha as main tools (weapon) against the British Raj; so much so that when his followers violated these attributes in Chaurichaura incident, he was prompt in withdrawing the non-cooperation itself. Gandhi had firm conviction that Satya (truth) enhances the inner strength while falsehood weakens one from within. Gandhi's Ahimsa and Satyagraha as core values have received wide recognition and acceptance world over with the passage of time among conscientious men.
What Bhagavad Gita Says
As such mentioned in the previous part while dealing with Ahimsa, the Bhagavad Gita lists out the universal qualities in two categories of divine and demoniac attributes, and Satya finds a mention at several places along with other core virtues both in empirical and abstract terms. To recapitulate again, the Srimad Bhagavad Gita is part of the Bhishma Parva of Mahabharata narrated as the dialogue between Shree Krishna and Prince Arjuna in the dharmashetra Kurushetra. Satya finds a mention in at least four places in verses 2.16, 16.2, 17.15 and 17.26-27 with emphasis that it should be practiced by thought, word and action. Like in case of Ahimsa, Shree Krishna favoured 'unavoidable violence' for the righteous cause, he has justified deviation from the empirical truth in certain situations in service to the Dharma.
Nasato vidyate bhavo nabhavo vidyate satah,
Ubhayorapi drishto 'nta stvanayos tattva-darshibhih.
(The unreal has no existence, and the real never ceases to be; the reality of both has thus been perceived by the seers of Truth.) (BG: Chapter 2, Verse 16)
The Vedas and Upanishads talk of three entities – Brahman (God), the Self (individual soul) and Maya, as eternal or real. The word "Sat" (real) is derived from Satya; conversely, Sat is also root of the Sanskrit terms Satya and Sattva. In the aforesaid verse, Satya is explained in abstract sense; God is eternal and everlasting; hence He is sat (eternally existing) and appropriately also known as Sat-Chit-Anand in scriptures. Similarly, soul is imperishable and an extension of the Brahman itself, and hence it is also Sat. The entity Maya from which the world is created is also eternal, or Sat. However, all material objects in the world are transitory and prone to destruction in time; hence they are Asat or unreal. This fact (Satya) about the universe is known only to wise and virtuous men having realized blissful existence.
Sad-bhave sadhu-bhave cha sad ity etat prayujyate,
Prashaste karmani tatha sach-chhabdah partha yujyate.
Yajne tapasi dane cha sthitih sad iti chochyate,
Karma chaiva tad-arthiyam sad ity evabhidhiyate.
("Sat" connotes eternal existence and goodness. O Arjun, Sat is also used to describe an auspicious action. Steadfastness in performance of sacrifice, austerity and charity is also described by the word Sat. And so act for the sake of God Who is also verily named Sat.) (BG: Chapter 17, Verse 26-27)
In the aforesaid verses, Shree Krishna glorified the auspiciousness and dimensions of the word "Sat". The word Sat (derived from Satya) has multiple connotations, and the two verses describe some of these attributes. It is used to mean perpetual goodness and virtue as also the auspicious performance of sacrifice, penance and charity is explained as Sat. Satya or Sat implies the eternal truth, one that always existed.
Satya (Truth) Has Multiple Connotations
In regard to applications of Satya, the scriptures firmly endorse the truth through declaration: "Truth alone triumphs, falsehood never". In this context, a globally known and circulated fable of "The Shepherd Boy" may be relevant. The shepherd boy looked after the village sheep; he used to take sheep daily to the nearby forest grassland to feed them. Just to get rid of boredom and have some fun, one day he raised a false alarm by crying "wolf - wolf", and that it was attacking and killing the village sheep. The whole village rushed to his call, got disappointed with his trick while he enjoyed the fun and laughed. During the next few days, the repeated his lie, villagers rushed as usual, and became even angry for his lie and false alarm. Now one day, a wolf actually came and started attacking and killing sheep. The shepherd boy cried wolf-wolf full throttle but no villager came for help, supposing it was a usual lie and trick again. The moral of the story is if a person consciously adopts falsehood, no one trusts him even if he speaks the truth.
There are occasions when people should have spoken truth; they did not deliberately want to tell a lie yet they kept it quiet. They usually do it due to a sense of insecurity or fear that they might lose a position, money or other worldly possession, including even a friend or relationship. In some such cases, even a threat to life is also involved; for instance, one has witnessed a scene of crime or murder but he avoids testimony against the culprit lest the latter might cause physical harm to him. As a result, the culprit might escape unpunished or even some person falsely implicated in the case is convicted and punished. Thus, retaining silence by not speaking the truth for the mortal fear or any other reason including enticement tantamount to speaking a lie that falls in the category of adharma (unrighteous act). Conversely, if a false statement or witness is given to save another man's life, the witness shall not be treated as a liar. However, if he utters lie to save only his life and not that of another person whose life is on stake on his deposition, then the lying person would be guilty of falsehood (Mahabharata 1.82.17).
Sometimes the truth spoken is blurred due to the person's hesitant speech and it becomes difficult to decipher true meaning or intent behind it. Such statements are categorized as half-truths which may have both good as well as harmful intent. One such instance from the Mahabharata is often quoted as half-truth. During the great war between the righteous Pandavas and unrighteous Kauravas, the former were having really difficult time to deal with Kauravas supreme commander Dronacharya, whose only known weakness was his love for son Ashvatthama. Incidentally, a legendary elephant of the same name was also part of the epic war; so at the behest of Shree Krishna, Prince Bhima killed the elephant and circulated the news about the death of man Ashvatthama. As Drona was unsure and he would only trust Yudhisthira; the latter was unwilling to tell a lie but was persuaded to say, "Ashvattahama is dead, but the elephant". While he was speaking, Shree Krishna blew his conch when he uttered the words "but the elephant". Unable to hear last part and convinced about his son's death, Drona dropped his arms and was promptly eliminated by Pandavas supreme commander Dhrishtadyumna. None other than Shree Krishna Himself justified half-truth spoken for the righteous cause.
Then, while speaking the truth, the intent of the speaker is equally important. Truth could be bitter and unpleasant yet for the good of the listener; for instance, a teacher explains the shortcomings of the student to his parents, which may sound bitter or unpleasant but is with good intention of seeking improvement in the learning habits and skills of the boy. On the other hand, the truth spoken with ulterior motive or evil intent is bad as it hurts the listener. In Hindu Puranas and Epic, one may find several facets of truth commensurate with the cause. For instance, Sage Narada said that speaking the truth is a good, but even better is the speech (even if untruth) that promotes the welfare of others (Mahabharata 12.329.13). While educating Yudhisthira about the duties of the king and other associated subjects, Bhishma said that if lying under oath frees one from the captivity of evil captors, then that lie should be spoken. As much as possible, do not let wealth pass into the hands of evil people because wealth gifted to them will recoil and cause harm to the giver himself." (Mahabharata 12.109.16-17)
Hindu scriptures emphatically endorse Satya and equate it to the God Himself; Satya is God and God is Satya (Truth) as also truth can be realized only by cultivating and speaking truth. Truthfulness brings honesty, integrity, sincerity and consistency, and a truthful person is a liberated soul free from all worldly worries and anxieties. Though many people find it difficult but the path to truthfulness is rather simple and straight to follow; a person's thoughts must be in unison with his words, and the words in turn be in harmony with actions. This gives stability to the person's mind and takes him close to the reality of life and universe. Conversely, people whose thought and actions are opposite are fallacious and flawed, who might temporarily score or achieve in life by falsifying things but such gain with polluted conscience is transitory and ephemeral; and ultimate cause of darkness and sorrow. Where there is Satya, there is Dharma; and what is done to restore Dharma, it's true practice of Satya (truth).
Continued to Part LI
More by : Dr. Jaipal Singh
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'No small feat': B.C. fishing guides rescue monster sturgeon stranded in flood-stricken Fraser Valley
A pair of fishing guides are being credited for their work saving an endangered sturgeon trapped by the catastrophic floodwaters in B.C.'s Fraser Valley (Fraser Valley Angling Guides Association).
VANCOUVER -
A pair of fishing guides are being credited for their work saving an endangered sturgeon trapped by the catastrophic floodwaters in B.C.'s Fraser Valley.
Sarah Schreier, the executive director of the Fraser River Sturgeon Conservation Society, says professional fishing guides Tyler Buck and Jay Gibson have been helping out on the frontlines of the natural disaster.
Buck and Gibson, who are both members of the Fraser Valley Angling Guides Association, shifted their focus to conserving fish stocks and cleaning up riverbeds when the atmospheric river brought heavy floods to the area.
"They've been doing a great job and even took a moment to help a really large sturgeon along the way and help sturgeon conservation as well," Schreier tells CTV News Vancouver. "It's pretty amazing."
When the storm hit, the large sturgeon became trapped in a side channel near Herrling Island, which is just outside of Agassiz.
When the guides discovered the fish, it was stuck in only about 20 centimetres of water.
"It could easily be a few hundred pounds and they carried it in a sling for two kilometres to return it to the main part of the Fraser River," Schreier says. "So this was no small feat to do this."
Schreier adds that this particular sturgeon had been tagged by the conservation society in 2008 and they have now decided to name it "Lucky."
"This fish has another chance thanks to the guys helping it out," she says. "It's probably in its 20s or 30s…These are the fish that give us hope for the future. So it means a lot that they did this."
According to the Fraser River Sturgeon Conservation Society, sturgeons are hardwired to survive. But it's unlikely that this fish would have survived had mankind not intervened.
"What really impacts them is the food supply. So with an event like this, the impact to the habitat they use, where their food grows…so impact to survival would be potentially pretty significant just because of the impact of the habitats that they're accustomed to finding their food," Schreier says.
The conservation society has now adopted the sturgeon on behalf of Buck and Gibson, and their names will now be associated with the fish and its tagging information in their database.
"Hopefully the fish continues to be seen and encountered by our volunteers for years to come," Schreier says.
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Culture » History » The Battle of Vienna: Europe's Fight Against the Invaders
Culture History
The Battle of Vienna: Europe's Fight Against the Invaders
by Eagle August 16, 2018 September 24, 2018
Europe as we know and love it, in all its beauty, diversity – being the Europe of Nations – and rich history, stood on the brink of extinction almost 335 years ago. Defend Europa remembers this historical event which took place in Vienna, the imperial capital, in 1683, also known as "Zweite Türkenbelagerung" or "Second Turkish Siege".
The Ottoman Empire during this period was trying to expand and it did this with great success. When they decided not to extend the peace treaty with the Holy Roman Empire in 1682, emperor Leopold I. was forced to prepare for Ottoman invasion and revenge for the first time they failed to invade Europe in 1529 ("Erste Türkenbelagerung", "First Turkish Siege").
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In 1683, when the army of the Ottoman Empire marched towards and through big parts of Europe, the Imperial Army of 30,000 men was faced with the task of defending their homeland against 120,000 invaders. In preparation of this, the pope, Innocent XI., had successfully convinced the Emperor Leopold I. and the Polish King to form an alliance. The contract that sealed this ruled, amongst other things, that both armies had to help defend Krakow or Vienna if they were to be attacked. This was the origin of the famous "Entsatzheer" (relief force) that later helped decide the war and the fate of Europe.
On the 7th July, the Emperor and his allegiance had to flee from Vienna. What followed was a siege that devastated big parts of Vienna and other parts of Austria as well. The Austrians soon saw themselves battling not only against the Turkish invaders, but also against hunger, trying to hold back the Ottoman forces as long as they could in the hope of speedy arrival of the relief forces.
In early September of 1683, the relief forces, consisting of troops from Venice, Bavaria, Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, Baden, Upper Hesse and Poland, amounting to about 60,000 men, arrived. Luckily for the Christian Allies, Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa failed to conquer Klosterneuburg, which gave them the chance to rally before they could attack. On the morning of 12th September they stepped down the Kahlengebirge for the Battle of Vienna. The heroic commitment of the European forces then caused the Ottoman Army to retreat once and for all to save Vienna and Europe.
In case one has not heard about the battle that saved Europe, it reminds one that the EU not only doesn't celebrate this very crucial event, but also seems to try and label the, albeit very little, active remembrance of it as unpleasant. The "Battle of Vienna" should serve as a positive memory of a Europe that stood up against its aggressor, that held up a positive self-image and paid for it with the blood of many honorable Europeans.
They gave their lives to defend Europe.
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Tag Archives: Bird strike
Sully (2016)
04 Sunday Dec 2016
Aaron Eckhart, Airbus A320, Bird strike, Chesley Sullenberger, Clint Eastwood, Flight 1549, Hudson River, Laura Linney, NTSB, Pilot, Tom Hanks, True story
aka Sully: Miracle on the Hudson
D: Clint Eastwood / 96m
Cast: Tom Hanks, Aaron Eckhart, Laura Linney, Mike O'Malley, Jamey Sheridan, Anna Gunn, Holt McCallany, Ann Cusack, Molly Hagan, Jane Gabbert, Sam Huntington, Michael Rapaport
On 15 January 2009, US Airways Flight 1549 from LaGuardia, New York to Charlotte, North Carolina, suffered a catastrophic bird strike that left both engines disabled. It had been in the air for approximately three minutes, and its pilot, Captain Chesley Sullenberger (Hanks) had to make a decision: to turn back and attempt an emergency landing at either LaGuardia or nearby Teterboro Airport, or make a forced water landing on the Hudson River. Sullenberger was certain he wouldn't make it back to either airport and so adopted the latter option. With one hundred and fifty-five people on board, it was a manoeuvre that could have ended in tragedy, but thanks to Sullenberger's forty year-plus experience, he was able to land the plane safely. And with the emergency services and local commercial vessels quickly on the scene, the passengers and crew were rescued in under twenty-five minutes. Later, a representative of the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) said that it "has to go down [as] the most successful ditching in aviation history."
Such an event was always likely to be transferred to the big screen, and in the hands of veteran director Clint Eastwood, the story of Chesley Sullenberger and Flight 1549 has been granted a sober re-telling that suits both the man and the nature of the landing. On the surface, Sully is a movie that seems far removed from the intensity and heightened emotion of the event itself, as much of what occurs is played out against a wintry visual patina in keeping with the time the forced landing took place. But like Sullenberger himself, Eastwood – in terms of directing – has over forty years' experience behind him, and in bringing Todd Karmanicki's script to the screen he adopts a straitlaced, measured approach to the material that avoids any possibility of sensationalism or unnecessary hyperbole.
This is important because while the story of Flight 1549 is one of heroism on an unprecedented level – as Sully himself says at one point: "Everything is unprecedented until it happens for the first time" – the forced water landing isn't the focus of the movie, even though we see it from two different perspectives. The focus is Sullenberger himself, a self-contained, humble man who found himself questioning his actions in the wake of the forced landing. It may seem counter-intuitive to examine the mindset of a hero suffering doubts in the aftermath of the very act that defines them as a hero, but it's what makes Sully a much more rewarding experience than you might expect.
This decision is aided immeasurably by Hanks's performance as Sullenberger. Anyone who's seen Captain Phillips (2013) should remember the final scene where Phillips is being tended to by a navy medic, and the shock of what he's been through begins to hit home. It's a bravura moment, with Hanks' expression telling you everything you need to know about how he's feeling. He does the same here, brilliantly revealing the tremendous doubts Sullenberger experiences immediately following the landing and later during the NTSB investigation. As he imagines what could have happened, such as the plane crashing into the centre of Manhattan, Hanks is completely convincing as a man whose instinctive response to impending disaster saved the lives of so many. As he struggles to accept his own role in the forced landing, and what it means not just for himself and everyone else aboard, but for a wider public for whom plane crashes in New York have a whole different meaning, Hanks ensures that Sullenberger's humility and humanity remain to the fore throughout. This is a man who wouldn't rest until he knew everyone on board was safe and alive.
Hanks' performance anchors the movie in a way that allows the script to explore the complex relationship between a man and his view of himself in exceptional circumstances. The actor adequately portrays the effect of the enormity of what happened on Sullenberger, and the lingering, pessimistic anxiety that threatened to undermine his self-confidence. For the purpose of the movie, that anxiety is allowed to overshadow his heroism, and through the one-sided machinations of the NTSB investigation, to be brought into question. But while Sullenberger's heroism is never in any doubt, the NTSB investigation reveals a tactless insincerity about the nature of corporate responsibility, as it puts more faith in computer simulations that say the plane could have landed safely at LaGuardia, than the experience and knowledge of one of the best pilots around.
This is not the script or the movie's finest hour. Demonising the Board and its representatives is the movie's one truly sour note, a decision no doubt arrived at to offset a perceived lack of drama elsewhere. In these instances, there aren't any bad guys, but Karmanicki ensures that the Board in this movie are emotionally hostile, professionally obtuse, and working to an unspecified agenda. It's like watching a McCarthy hearing all over again, and Eastwood doesn't make any attempt to downplay the Board members' hostility to Sullenberger and his co-pilot, Jeff Skiles (Eckhart), until the error of the Board's ways can be confirmed once and for all as both unrealistic and a poor narrative choice.
Hanks aside, this isn't a movie where the performances are required to be more than perfunctory, although Linney as Sullenberger's wife, Lorraine, is memorable thanks to the odd cadence of her portrayal and an underlying, yet unconfirmed, sense that all isn't well in their marriage. As Skiles, Eckhart sports a moustache that seems to have been flown in from the Seventies, while the three-headed "monster" that is the Board (O'Malley, Sheridan and Gunn) is treated so unfairly – and so at odds with what really happened – that all three border on caricature, an unfortunate choice that doesn't do the movie any dramatic favours.
The movie concludes with Sullenberger achieving a victory over the Board that allows for a moment of narrative grandstanding, and which is at odds with Sullenberger's introspective nature. It also appears to offer a feelgood moment when the feelgood moment of the movie has already passed: the moment when it's confirmed that everyone got off the plane and everyone has survived. But Eastwood uses these moments to highlight just how much of a big deal Sullenberger's actions actually were. And why shouldn't he be feted and applauded? To everyone outside the Board, he's a bona fide hero, doubts and all. He's an heroic individual, and the movies love those kind of characters (possibly) above all else. And they love them even more if they don't automatically embrace that heroism.
Rating: 7/10 – memorable more for its examination of a man uncomfortable with the notion of being a hero than the actions that gained him that title, Sully is a muted drama that never quite "soars" in the way that audiences may expect, but which hits home in several unexpected ways instead; bolstered by a terrific, awards-worthy performance from Hanks, this is a quietly impressive movie that benefits from not embracing the standard tropes of the "hero" drama, and proves surprisingly rewarding as a result.
I Can't Think Straight (2008)


Discover which schools around the country offer training in jewelry design. Find out about courses and what you might be able to do with your training. Schools offering Art degrees can also be found in these popular choices.
Jewelry design has traditionally been a skill that's passed down from master to apprentice, meaning many people become jewelry designers without any formal education. However, there are a wealth of trade schools, 4-year universities and even graduate schools that focus on the art of metalsmithing and jewelry design. Let's break them down by program type to give you an idea of the paths you may be able to take to your career.
What Trade Schools Have Jewelry Design Programs?
What Are Some of the Best Undergraduate Programs in Jewelry Making?
A significant foundation of the University of Wisconsin - Madison's Bachelor of Fine Arts degree (BFA) is metalworking and jewelry making; UW-Madison was ranked the 15th best public college in the country by U.S. News and World Report for 2019.
What About the Top Graduate Programs in Jewelry Design?
What Can You Do with Training in Jewelry Making?


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Home / Shop / Books / Science and Technology / Chemistry / Food Science and Technology / Flour: Production, Varieties and Nutrition
Flour: Production, Varieties and Nutrition
María Dolores Torres Pérez (Editor)
Chemical Engineering Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lope Gómez de Marzoa St, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Series: Food Science and Technology, Nutrition and Diet Research Progress
BISAC: TEC012000
Flour: Production, Varieties and Nutrition is divided into fifteen chapters. The prestigious authors of this book discuss traditional and alternative flours for different application fields, covering a broad range of gluten and novel gluten-free flours.
The fifteen chapters include discussions on a wide range of topics such as gluten-containing flours versus alternative gluten-free flours; burdock (Arctium lappa, L) root flour production: technological, nutritional, and functional characterizations; the nutritional and functional properties of wheat; in vitro starch digestibility of snack bars formulated with green banana flour; Betel (Piper betle L.) leaves flour; characterization of banana (Musa acuminata × balbisiana ABB cv. AWAK) pseudo-stem flour; oyster mushroom flour and its composite steamed bun; composite flour as a promising new approach for improving nutritional values of food products and its challenges on product quality; Chinese steamed bread and novel wheat products; whole grain wheat flour: definitions, production, nutritional, technological and microbiological aspects for flour applications in bakery and pasta products; mesquite (Prosopis alba) flour;composition and use in breadmaking; nutritional composition and functional properties of nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus l.) varieties; nutritional value of cereal flours; and vegetable waste as raw material for flours.
Flour: Production, Varieties and Nutrition quantity
ISBN: N/A Categories: Food Science and Technology, Food Science and Technology, Nutrition and Diet Research Progress Tags: 9781536137613, 9781536137620, food science and technology
Chapter 1. Gluten-Containing Flours versus Alternative Gluten-Free Flours
(María D. Torres, Frédéric Baudouin and Javier Seijo, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK and others)
Chapter 2. Burdock (Arctium lappa, L) Root Flour Production: Technological, Nutritional, and Functional Characterization
(Thaísa de Menezes Alves Moro, Ana Paula Aparecida Pereira, Glaucia Maria Pastore, and Maria Teresa Pedrosa Silva Clerici, Department of Food Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil, and others)
Chapter 3. The Nutritional and Functional Properties of Wheat
(Hacer Levent, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Health Sciences Faculty,Karamanoðlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey)
Chapter 4. In Vitro Starch Digestibility of Snack Bar Formulated with Green Banana (Musa acuminata × balbisiana ABB cv. Awak) Flour
(Lee-Hoon Ho, Norhidayah Che Dahri and Thuan-Chew Tan, Department of Food Industry, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia, and others)
Chapter 5. Betel Leaves (Piper betle L.) Powder: Production, Nutritional Quality, Physico-Chemical and Functional Properties
(Lee-Hoon Ho, Mazaitul Akma Suhaimi and Thuan-Chew Tan, Department of Food Industry, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia, and others)
Chapter 6. The Characterization of Banana (Musa acuminata × balbisiana ABB cv. Awak) Pseudo-Stem Flour
(Lee-Hoon Ho, Noor Aziah Abdul Aziz and Thuan-Chew Tan, Department of Food Industry, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia, and others)
Chapter 7. Oyster Mushroom Flour and Its Composite Steamed Bun: Nutritional Quality, Physical Properties, and Sensory Acceptability Aspects
(Lee-Hoon Ho, Nur Syahidah Mohamed, Noroul Asyikeen Zulkifli, Thuan-Chew Tan and Nalini Arumugam, Department of Food Industry, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia)
Chapter 8. Composite Flour as a New Approach to Improve the Nutritional Value of Foods: Product Quality Challenges
(Lee-Hoon Ho, Li-Choo Chong and Thuan-Chew Tan, Department of Food Industry, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia, and others)
Chapter 9. Chinese Steamed Bread and Novel Wheat Products
(Zhengmao Zhang, Qinhui Xing and Yuxiu Liu, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China, and others)
Chapter 10. Whole Grain Wheat Flour: Definitions, Production, Nutritional, Technological and Microbiological Aspects for Application in Bakery and Pasta Products
(Georgia A. R. Sehn, Fernanda Ortolan, Elizabeth H. Nabeshima and Caroline J. Steel, Department of Food Engineering and of Chemical Engineering, State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Pinhalzinho, SC, Brazil, and others)
Chapter 11. A Comprehensive Review about Cereal Crops, Flour Varieties and Nutritional Aspects
(Camelia Vizireanu, Eugenia Mihaela Pricop and Daniela Ionela Istrati, Department of Food Science, Food Engineering, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Dunarea de Jos University, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Galati, Romania)
Chapter 12. Mesquite (Prosopis alba) Flour: Composition and Use in Breadmaking
(L. P. Sciammaro, F. Bigne, M. S. Giacomino, M. C. Puppo and C. Ferrero, CIDCA (CIC – CONICET – Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina)
Chapter 13. Flour: Nutritional Composition and Functional Properties of Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) Varieties
(Issoufou Amadou, Département des Sciences Fondamentales et d'Ingénierie Biologique, Faculté d'Agronomie et des Sciences de l'Environnement, Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi, Niger)
Chapter 14. The Nutritional Value of Cereal Flours
(Abdelrahman, R. Ahmed and Haiam O. Elkatry, Nutrition and Food Science, Home Economics Department, Faculty of Specific Education, Ain Shams University, Egypt, and others)
Chapter 15. Vegetable Waste as a Raw Material for Flour: Nutritional Values and Its Applications
(Luan Ramos da Silva, Micaella Ferraz and Farayde Matta Fakhouri, Faculty of Engineering, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil)
The book is intended to contribute the improvement understanding of the rheological characterization and performance in numerous application fields from the food to the non-food industries. Then, people related to the high starchy materials, especially flour or starch could be interested in the book. Those researches who work on the viscoelastic properties of the materials, from food to non-food applications (biomedicine, pharmaceutical, automotive, among others).
Occurrences, Structure, Biosynthesis, and Health Benefits Based on Their Evidences of Medicinal Phytochemicals in Vegetables and Fruits. Volume 11
Beef: Production and Management Practices
Food: The Vital Ingredient


Sharonda and Chris met in July 2012 at a spoken word poetry night in Downtown Oakland, CA. Chris approached Sharonda after a performance and they briefly engaged in conversation. Chris did not ask Sharonda for her phone numner, but he did ask for her Twitter username. "I was intrigued by this different approach and obliged him. We communicated via twitter for a few months until we went on our first date," recalled Sharonda. "Chris asked me to be his woman two times before I said yes." The two became an official couple on January 10th, 2013 and have been inseparable ever since. Check out their vineyard themed engagement shoot captured by Photography by Aizhan.
Chris for a long time had been contemplating on how to propose, what type of ring to get, discussing it with family, friends and co-workers. We were having breakfast at one of our favorite spots, Cheesecake Factory on Saturday and he brought up being ready to get married and start a family, I was so shocked and excited. Chris insisted on visiting the nearby Kay's Jewelers and so we went ring shopping! When I asked him why he didn't make it a surprise, he says he wanted to get a ring he knew I would love. Little did he know, any ring would have been the perfect one. The real joy comes not from the ring, but what it symbolizes. About a month after ring shopping, Chris proposed on the evening May 2nd 2015 and we celebrated with family that night.
From the Groom: Walk us through the behind the scenes of planning the proposal.
Unfortunately, I don't have a fairytale story of how I proposed to my fiancée' I am not the most creative person, all I know is that I've never been this committed, this happy, this in love with any other woman ever in my life and at my age (26 at the time) I knew I had to step up. While we were eating brunch the day I confessed to Sharonda that I couldn't wait to marry her. That sparkle in her eye, and her big smile was all the reassurance I needed to go forward with my plan to propose to her. I had no idea what size she wore in rings nor did I know what style ring she would like. I decided to take her ring shopping to ensure she got exactly what she wanted in an engagement ring. After she picked out her favorite ring, I let a month go by before I actually bought it and proposed. Although she knew it was coming, The minute I got down on one knee and properly asked her to marry me, the excitement and joy I saw in her face proved to me that everything happened exactly the way it was supposed to happen.
Our love is special because it's just that, ours. It's a love that cannot be deterred, shaken or misrepresented. A timeless love. It is all that we've ever longed for in someone. Something constant and eternal. Something unconditional and satisfying on every level. It's a connection, an indescribable feeling of completeness. It's a safe haven for our worries, cares and fears. It is a humble love. It is a love that forgives, that holds no grudges. The kind of love that forces you to go to bed with a smile on your face no matter what kind of day you've had. It's a unique love, a special love because it is our love.
We decided to do our engagement shoot at our wedding venue. We had a vineyard themed engagement shoot. We took most of our pictures nestled in between the beautiful palm trees, and in the vineyards. We also took pictures near huge wine barrels. To us, this symbolized a love that gets better with time, similar to a fine wine.
The entire shoot was memorable for us. We almost forgot Aizhan was shooting us. The smiles, laughter and affection were so natural, so real. If I had to choose a moment, it would be when Chris picked me up and gave me the most passionate kiss. I felt light as a feather yet so safe in that moment.
More than anything, I am looking forward to seeing all of my family, my new family, and having all of our loved ones near to witness us becoming one. I am also looking forward to crying tears of joy with my mother, and walking next to my father, down the aisle to my king.
Definitely! We've been engaged for seven months so far and everything is pretty much planned and ready to go. I just "said yes to the dress" on December 20th, and the only thing left is for us to attend our "couple's food tasting" at our venue. We spent the early months of our engagement selecting the venue, cake, bridesmaid dresses, florist, and décor. Now, with 7 months left before the big day, we get to relax and enjoy being engaged!
Congratulations to the happy couple Sharonda and Christopher. We wish you a wonderful wedding and marriage.


text:
« My impressions of capacity building training SPECULATING WITH LAND OF THE MINISTRY OF DEFENSE »
Articel about WIB Armenia on Mamacash webpage: "The next generation Women in Black"
On a clear and chilly day, women gather at Republic Square, a large central town plaza in Armenia's capital city, Yerevan, that hosts the Ministries of Finance, Government, Transport, Foreign Affairs, and Territorial Administration. The women are silent. Peaceful. Their purpose: to protest war and political conflict between Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkey, while also claiming both their prerogative to shape political decision making and their entitlement to fundamental human rights.
Armenia is one of the latest chapters to join the Women in Black (WiB) movement, a worldwide network of women committed to ending violence through peaceful means—vigils, educational opportunities, public programs, as well as support and partnership with both global WiB organizations and other human-rights agencies. While most groups are composed of mothers and grandmothers, the Armenian chapter is driven by the passionate young women and girls who set up, in 2001, Society without Violence (SWV). This group of young disenfranchised women, marginalized by an exclusive and rigid patriarchy, conjured their collective strength and organized to educate the young women and girls living in remote regions of Armenia. It was almost inconceivable that they would succeed. But they have managed to interrupt an ideological system aimed at systematically silencing them.
The cold hard fact, the roadblock that WiB Armenia continue to confront, is that in the capital, especially in more secluded border towns (near Azerbijan, Turkey and Iran), women are regularly subject to domestic violence, sexual trafficking and political isolation, along with educational, professional and vocational restrictions. Women living in conflict-ridden regions lack access to education, employment, health and housing. They are isolated from development initiatives, including those aimed at strengthening women's rights (Society Without Violence, Women Count: Civil Society Monitoring Report 2013, Republic of Armenia). In addition, because the Armenian economy remains weak as a result of blocked borders, a number of the region's men travel to work abroad, while women are left to domestic service trades, which do not provide for sick or maternity leave or pension benefits.
This situation gains traction from the insidious and widespread belief that women are somehow "less than"—that they belong in the domestic sphere and have no place in public conversations. WiB Armenia has made interrupting this belief their core focus. This, because that belief manifests in a political engine dominated by men. Although the population is 52% female, women are virtually absent in political decision-making. Because women are not present to represent their own human interests, there is a significant lack of momentum with regards to women's civil and political rights, despite some movement regarding reproductive and maternal health. Such beliefs also give rise to an increased rate in what are certainly tragic sex-selective abortions (in 2011, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe called specifically on Armenia to provide both support and awareness-raising initiatives with regards to these abortions). In addition, SWV's 2011 Survey Regarding Gender Stereotypesindicates that almost 44% of women believe that women provoke men to beat them; 60% of men and 40% of women believe that women cannot be effective leaders; and nearly 64% of women regret that they are not a man.
Despite these significant obstacles, WiB is changing things in Armenia. In direct protest both to the war and to the insistence that "women stay out of politics," these young women participated in the 2014 Peace Walk to End War. They were targeted and castigated by the press as "betrayers to the Nation." Since 2012, WiB has engaged a number of young women in political action, both training and educating them regarding their rights and organizing skills. They've put together meetings along the border regions of Iran and Azerbaijam to inform girls and young women about the international WiB movement, activism and organization.
The SWV and WiB have created the first platform for young Armenian women activists to participate in public dialogues—even to set the terms of these conversations. They hold regular wakes and vigils for victims of violence. The many members between the ages of 16 and 27 have developed innovative actions, from flash mobs to public performances. They're using art and the power of their own numbers to push for a new gender equality and legislative actions to support that agenda. Now, girls and young women in Armenia, despite considerable barriers, have claimed a public voice and provided a new and rejuvenated impulse to the WiB movement. These young women are, in their own words, "feminists, activists, and human rights defenders who are reformulating the idea of peace and shaping another reality where the culture of violence has no place.
This entry was written by WIB, Armenian Initiative , posted on Tuesday November 18 2014at 06:11 pm , filed under Home, Women Peacebuilders . Bookmark the permalink . Post a comment below or leave a trackback: Trackback URL.


text:
from django.urls import reverse
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy

from memoized import memoized

from corehq.apps.locations.models import SQLLocation
from corehq.apps.reports.filters.controllers import (
    LocationGroupOptionsController,
)

from .api import EmwfOptionsView
from .users import ExpandedMobileWorkerFilter

class LocationGroupFilter(ExpandedMobileWorkerFilter):
    """
    Displays a list of locations and groups to select from to filter report
    """
    slug = "grouplocationfilter"
    label = gettext_lazy("Groups or Locations")
    default_options = None
    placeholder = gettext_lazy(
        "Click here to select groups or locations to filter in the report")
    is_cacheable = False
    options_url = 'grouplocationfilter_options'

    @property
    @memoized
    def selected(self):
        selected_ids = self.request.GET.getlist(self.slug)

        selected = (self._selected_group_entries(selected_ids) +
                    self._selected_location_entries(selected_ids))
        known_ids = dict(selected)

        return [
            {'id': id, 'text': known_ids[id]}
            for id in selected_ids
            if id in known_ids
        ]

    @property
    def filter_context(self):
        context = super(LocationGroupFilter, self).filter_context
        url = reverse(self.options_url, args=[self.domain])
        context.update({'endpoint': url})
        return context

    @property
    def options(self):
        return [
            (location.location_id, location.name) for location in
            SQLLocation.objects.filter(domain=self.domain)
        ]

class LocationGroupFilterOptions(EmwfOptionsView):

    @property
    @memoized
    def options_controller(self):
        return LocationGroupOptionsController(self.request, self.domain, self.search)


Select the coin you want to sell.
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Every employee is employee of the month in October!
October was employee appreciation month at VOLTAGE, and along with an office renovation and a surprise mariachi band (see previous blog post), we've also been doing activities to get to know our employees better.
CEO Eric Fowles was able to spend an afternoon out to lunch with each department, design, development, and project managers, getting to know the new employees as well as the "VOLTAGE veterans." VOLTAGE has always held a strong standard of community in the office and nothing brings people together like good food.
Another activity this month was a VOLTAGE tennis match. Superstar tennis player Laura Steele organized a tennis match for any willing VOLTAGE athletes. The competition was fierce, but Laura was able to pull through with the win. At least that's what the photos say, take a look and judge for yourself who won.
Also during this month a group was organized to hike near the flatirons of Boulder, a bucket list item for anyone living near Boulder, Colo. The early morning hike wasn't an easy walk in the park, but the view and the sunrise was certainly worth it.
VOLTAGE is blessed to have such a beautiful state to call home, but even more important are the people that make it a home. We love our employees and the hard work they put in to making VOLTAGE what it is.
Over the past few months we have been making preparations and patiently waiting for the time to come, now the wait is over!
Happy Halloween from the VOLTAGE crew!
We here at VOLTAGE wish you all a spooky and kooky Halloween weekend.


'Dragobete, the traditional lovers' day in Romania, is celebrated on February 24, ten days after the Western European and American counterpart Valentine's Day. The Dragobete traditional story goes that, clothed with holiday suits, young men and women meet in front of the church and go searching the woods and meadows for spring flowers. They sit around fire on the hills of the village and talk. At noon, the girls run to the village, each followed by one boy who had fallen for them. If the boy is fast and reaches the girl of his choice and if she likes him, she kisses him in front of everyone. This tradition triggered the expression "Dragobete kisses the girls!" (Dragobetele saruta fetele). The kiss show the two lovers' engagement, Dragobete being an opportunity to show the love in front of the community.
There are a number of Dragobete customs in rural areas, many of which are not kept by modern Romanians anymore. On this day, no animals are sacrificed because it would ruin the point of mating. In the old days, single women used to gather the last remnants of snow, called "the fairies' snow", and the water resulted from the melted snow was used throughout the year for various beauty treatments and love spells.
Interested in selling a work by Constantin Brancusi?
Constantin Brancusi was born February 19, 1876, in Hobitza, Romania and was a Romanian sculptor, painter and photographer who made his career in France. Considered a pioneer of modernism, one of the most influential sculptors of the 20th-century, Brâncuși is called the patriarch of modern sculpture. As a child he displayed an aptitude for carving wooden farm tools. Formal studies took him first to Bucharest, then to Munich, then to the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris from 1905 to 1907. His art emphasizes clean geometrical lines that balance forms inherent in his materials with the symbolic allusions of representational art. Brâncuși sought inspiration in non-European cultures as a source of primitive exoticism, as did Paul Gauguin, Pablo Picasso, André Derain and others. But other influences emerge from Romanian folk art traceable through Byzantine and Dionysian traditions.He studied art at the Scoala de Meserii (school of arts and crafts) in Craiova from 1894 to 1898 and at the Scoala Natzionala de Arte Frumoase (national school of fine arts) in Bucharest from 1898 to 1901. Eager to continue his education in Paris, Brancusi arrived there in 1904 and enrolled in the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in 1905. The following year, his sculpture was shown at the Salon d'Automne, where he met Auguste Rodin.
Soon after 1907, Brancusi's mature period began. The sculptor had settled in Paris but throughout these years returned frequently to Bucharest and exhibited there almost every year. In Paris, his friends included Marcel Duchamp, Fernand Léger, Henri Matisse, Amedeo Modigliani, and Henri Rousseau. In 1913, five of Brancusi's sculptures were included in the Armory Show in New York. Alfred Stieglitz presented the first solo show of Brancusi's work at his gallery "291," New York, in 1914. Brancusi was never a member of any organized artistic movement, although he associated with Francis Picabia, Tristan Tzara, and many other Dadaists in the early 1920s. In 1921, he was honored with a special issue of The Little Review. He traveled to the United States twice in 1926 to attend his solo shows at Wildenstein and at the Brummer Gallery in New York. The following year, a historic trial was initiated in the United States to determine whether Brancusi's Bird in Space was liable for duty as a manufactured object or as a work of art. The court decided in 1928 that the sculpture was a work of art.
"Visul meu este ca toti oamenii sa viseze. Romanul a uitat sa viseze, stie numai sa se conduca dupa reguli. Daca incetam sa visam, si aici ma refer la vis ca posibilitate, suntem distrusi."
"For anybody who loves horses, and for all of those who are thrilled by horse racing and the behind-the-scenes drama of the track, The Horse That God Built is must reading."
Most of us know the legend of Secretariat, the tall, handsome chestnut racehorse whose string of honors runs long and rich: the only two-year-old ever to win Horse of the Year, in 1972; winner in 1973 of the Triple Crown, his times in all three races still unsurpassed; featured on the cover of Time, Newsweek, and Sports Illustrated; the only horse listed on ESPN's top fifty athletes of the twentieth century (ahead of Mickey Mantle). His final race at Toronto's Woodbine Racetrack is a touchstone memory for horse lovers everywhere. Yet while Secretariat will be remembered forever, one man, Eddie "Shorty" Sweat, who was pivotal to the great horse's success, has been all but forgotten---until now.
In The Horse God Built, bestselling equestrian writer Lawrence Scanlan has written a tribute to an exceptional man that is also a backroads journey to a corner of the racing world rarely visited. As a young black man growing up in South Carolina, Eddie Sweat struggled at several occupations before settling on the job he was born for---groom to North America's finest racehorses. As Secretariat's groom, loyal friend, and protector, Eddie understood the horse far better than anyone else. A wildly generous man who could read a horse with his eyes, he shared in little of the financial success or glamour of Secretariat's wins on the track, but won the heart of Big Red with his soft words and relentless devotion.
In Scanlan's rich narrative, we get a groom's-eye view of the racing world and the vantage of a man who spent every possible moment with the horse he loved, yet who often basked in the horse's glory from the sidelines. More than anything else, The Horse God Built is a moving portrait of the powerful bond between human and horse.