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(found 12779 products)
THE SUNDAY TIMES NUMBER ONE BESTSELLER. Winner of the Books are My Bag Non-Fiction Award 2018. Shortlisted for Waterstones Book of the Year 2018. Shortlisted for Specsavers Non-Fiction Book of the Year 2018. `Eye-opening, funny and horrifying' Observer `Everyone who has any interest in public life should read it' Daily ...
The Secret Barrister: Stories of the Law and How It's Broken
THE SUNDAY TIMES NUMBER ONE BESTSELLER. Winner of the Books are My Bag Non-Fiction Award 2018. Shortlisted for Waterstones Book of the Year 2018. Shortlisted for Specsavers Non-Fiction Book of the Year 2018. `Eye-opening, funny and horrifying' Observer `Everyone who has any interest in public life should read it' Daily Mail You may not wish to think about it, but one day you or someone you love will almost certainly appear in a criminal courtroom. You might be a juror, a victim, a witness or - perhaps through no fault of your own - a defendant. Whatever your role, you'd expect a fair trial. I'm a barrister. I work in the criminal justice system, and every day I see how fairness is not guaranteed. Too often the system fails those it is meant to protect. The innocent are wronged and the guilty allowed to walk free. I want to share some stories from my daily life to show you how the system is broken, who broke it and why we should start caring before it's too late. A SUNDAY TIMES TOP TEN BESTSELLER FOR 24 WEEKS.
https://magrudy.com/book/the-secret-barrister-stories-of-the-law-and-how-its-broken-9781509841141/
by The Secret Barrister
The problem of corruption, however described, dates back thousands of years. Professionals working in areas such as development studies, economics and political studies, were the first to most actively analyse and publish on the topic of corruption and its negative impacts on economies, societies and politics. There was, at that ...
Corruption, Social Sciences and the Law: Exploration across the disciplines
The problem of corruption, however described, dates back thousands of years. Professionals working in areas such as development studies, economics and political studies, were the first to most actively analyse and publish on the topic of corruption and its negative impacts on economies, societies and politics. There was, at that time, minimal literature available on corruption and the law. The literature and discussion on bribery and corruption, as well as on the negative impact of each and what is required to address them, particularly in the legal context, are now considerable. Corruption and anti-corruption are multifaceted and multi-disciplinary. The focus now on the law and compliance, and perhaps commercial incentives, is relatively easy. However, corruption, anti-corruption and the motivations for them are complex. If we continue to discuss, debate, engage, address corruption and anti-corruption in our own disciplinary silos, we are unlikely to significantly progress the fight against corruption. What do terms such as 'culture of integrity', 'demand accountability', `transparency and accountability' and `ethical corporate culture' dominating the anti-corruption discourse mean, if anything, in other disciplines? If they are meaningless, what approach would practitioners in those other disciplines suggest be adopted to address corruption. What has their experience been in the field? How can the work of each discipline contribute to the work of whole and, as such, improve our work in and understanding of anti-corruption? This book seeks to answer these questions and to understand the phenomenon more comprehensively. It will be of value to researchers, academics, lawyers, legislators and students in the fields of law, anthropology, sociology, international affairs, and business.
https://magrudy.com/book/corruption-social-sciences-and-the-law-exploration-across-the-disciplines-9780367186418/
147.000000 USD
in The Law of Financial Crime
This interdisciplinary book analyzes the nature of child justice administration in Africa, particularly focusing on Nigeria and South Africa. The author uses a comparative approach in analyzing the legal regime and practice of child justice administration in Africa by recommending South Africa as inspiration for Nigeria since the justice sector ...
Child Justice Administration in Africa
This interdisciplinary book analyzes the nature of child justice administration in Africa, particularly focusing on Nigeria and South Africa. The author uses a comparative approach in analyzing the legal regime and practice of child justice administration in Africa by recommending South Africa as inspiration for Nigeria since the justice sector in South Africa is significantly more developed. It further investigates various problems and challenges associated with children in the criminal justice system in Africa, thereby contributing to the cross-fertilization and collaboration among African nations that contributes to the development of the continent as a whole. The monograph shows that children are not only neglected by academics and practitioners but also that there is no access to scholarly materials in this area of law in Africa. This work contributes to knowledge in the area of law and methodology on the issue of child justice administration, development studies, political science, and African studies.
https://magrudy.com/book/child-justice-administration-in-africa-9783030190149/
by Mariam Adepeju Abdulraheem-Mustapha
Amnesty, Serious Crimes and International Law examines the permissibility of amnesties for serious crimes in the contemporary international order. In the last few decades, there has been a growing tendency to consider that amnesties are prohibited in respect of certain grave crimes. However, the question remains controversial as there is ...
Amnesty, Serious Crimes and International Law: Global Perspectives in Theory and Practice
Amnesty, Serious Crimes and International Law examines the permissibility of amnesties for serious crimes in the contemporary international order. In the last few decades, there has been a growing tendency to consider that amnesties are prohibited in respect of certain grave crimes. However, the question remains controversial as there is no explicit treaty ban and general amnesties continue to be frequently issued in post-conflict and transitional contexts. The first part of the book explores the use of amnesties from antiquity to the present day. It reviews amnesty traditions in ancient societies and provides a global picture of modern amnesties. In parallel, it traces the development of the accountability paradigm underpinning the current prohibitive stance on amnesties. The second part assesses the position of modern international law on amnesties. It comprehensively analyses the main arguments supporting the existence of a general amnesty ban, including the duty to prosecute international crimes, the right to redress of victims of human rights violations, international standards and trends in state practice, and the mandate of international criminal courts. The book argues that, while international legal or policy requirements restrict the freedom of states to extend amnesty in respect of serious crimes, or the effectiveness of amnesty measures in preventing the prosecution of such crimes, these restrictions do not add up to an absolute and universal prohibition.
https://magrudy.com/book/amnesty-serious-crimes-and-international-law-global-perspectives-in-theory-and-practice-9780815385790/
by Josepha Close
in Post-Conflict Law and Justice
The global nature of crime often requires expert witnesses to work and present their conclusions in courts outside their home jurisdiction with the corresponding need for them to have an understanding of the different structures and systems operating in other jurisdictions. This book will be a resource for UK professionals, ...
The Expert Witness, Forensic Science, and the Criminal Justice Systems of the UK
The global nature of crime often requires expert witnesses to work and present their conclusions in courts outside their home jurisdiction with the corresponding need for them to have an understanding of the different structures and systems operating in other jurisdictions. This book will be a resource for UK professionals, as well as those from overseas testifying internationally, as to the workings of all UK jurisdictions. It also will help researchers and students to better understand the UK legal system.
https://magrudy.com/book/the-expert-witness-forensic-science-and-the-criminal-justice-systems-of-the-uk-9781498705691/
This book uses film and television as a resource for addressing the social and legal ills of the city. It presents a range of approaches to view the ill city through cinematic and televisual characterization in urban frameworks, political contexts, and cultural settings. Each chapter deconstructs the meaning of urban ...
Law, Cinema, and the Ill City: Imagining Justice and Order in Real and Fictional Cities
This book uses film and television as a resource for addressing the social and legal ills of the city. It presents a range of approaches to view the ill city through cinematic and televisual characterization in urban frameworks, political contexts, and cultural settings. Each chapter deconstructs the meaning of urban space as public space while critically generating a focus on order and justice, exploring issues such as state disorder, lawlessness, and revenge. The approach presents a careful balance between theory and application. The original and novel ideas presented in this book will be essential reading for those interested in the presentation of law and place in cultural texts such as film.
https://magrudy.com/book/law-cinema-and-the-ill-city-imagining-narratives-of-justice-order-and-morality-9781138337619/
in Law, Language and Communication
Shadows of Doubt reveals how deeply stereotypes distort our interactions, shape crime, and deform the criminal justice system. If you're a robber, how do you choose your victims? As a police officer, how afraid are you of the young man you're about to arrest? As a judge, do you think ...
Shadows of Doubt: Stereotypes, Crime, and the Pursuit of Justice
Shadows of Doubt reveals how deeply stereotypes distort our interactions, shape crime, and deform the criminal justice system. If you're a robber, how do you choose your victims? As a police officer, how afraid are you of the young man you're about to arrest? As a judge, do you think the suspect in front of you will show up in court if released from pretrial detention? As a juror, does the defendant seem guilty to you? Your answers may depend on the stereotypes you hold, and the stereotypes you believe others hold. In this provocative, pioneering book, economists Brendan O'Flaherty and Rajiv Sethi explore how stereotypes can shape the ways crimes unfold and how they contaminate the justice system through far more insidious, pervasive, and surprising paths than we have previously imagined. Crime and punishment occur under extreme uncertainty. Offenders, victims, police officers, judges, and jurors make high-stakes decisions with limited information, under severe time pressure. With compelling stories and extensive data on how people act as they try to commit, prevent, or punish crimes, O'Flaherty and Sethi reveal the extent to which we rely on stereotypes as shortcuts in our decision making. Sometimes it's simple: Robbers tend to target those they stereotype as being more compliant. Other interactions display a complex and sometimes tragic interplay of assumptions: If he thinks I'm dangerous, he might shoot. I'll shoot first. Shadows of Doubt shows how deeply stereotypes are implicated in the most controversial criminal justice issues of our time, and how a clearer understanding of their effects can guide us toward a more just society.
https://magrudy.com/book/shadows-of-doubt-stereotypes-crime-and-the-pursuit-of-justice-9780674976597/
by Rajiv Sethi, Brendan O'Flaherty
This book examines the phenomenon of surrogacy from a comparative perspective. Bringing together experts from 21 countries across the world, it provides a comprehensive discussion of the ways in which surrogacy is regulated in both Eastern and Western jurisdictions, and seeks to establish a common ground to move forward in ...
Eastern and Western Perspectives on Surrogacy
This book examines the phenomenon of surrogacy from a comparative perspective. Bringing together experts from 21 countries across the world, it provides a comprehensive discussion of the ways in which surrogacy is regulated in both Eastern and Western jurisdictions, and seeks to establish a common ground to move forward in this morally and legally difficult subject area.
https://magrudy.com/book/eastern-and-western-perspectives-on-surrogacy-9781780686523/
by Terry Kaan, Claire Fenton-Glynn, Jens M. Scherpe
Worldwide, governmental anti-corruption efforts have been ramping up like never before. From the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ( FCPA ) to the U.K. Bribery Act and recent Chinese, French, Indonesian, Brazilian, and German anti-bribery legislations, the compliance world has witnessed the fight against corruption rocketing to the top of ...
https://magrudy.com/book/from-baksheesh-to-bribery-understanding-the-global-fight-against-corruption-and-graft-9780190232399/
Criminal Litigation offers a comprehensive and practical guide to the areas of criminal litigation covered on the Legal Practice Course. Making effective use of realistic case studies backed up by online documentation, the text combines theory with practical considerations and encourages students to focus on putting their knowledge into a ...
Criminal Litigation 2019-2020
Criminal Litigation offers a comprehensive and practical guide to the areas of criminal litigation covered on the Legal Practice Course. Making effective use of realistic case studies backed up by online documentation, the text combines theory with practical considerations and encourages students to focus on putting their knowledge into a practical context. Written in an informal and accessible style, it covers all procedural and evidential issues that arise in criminal cases. The more complex areas of criminal litigation are examined using numerous diagrams, flowcharts, and examples, while potential changes in the law are highlighted by specially designed 'Looking Ahead' boxes. Chapters end with key points summaries and self-test questions, enabling students to quickly sum up what they have read and test their own knowledge. Online Resources Criminal Litigation is accompanied by a wide range of online resources, freely accessible to students. This includes: - Case study documentation - Web links -Three additional chapters, covering 'Advising at the Police Station - Practical Steps'; 'White Collar Crime - Regulatory Offences'; and 'Sentencing in Road Traffic Cases' -Answers to self-test question -Video case studies -Criminal Litigation Express Train timeline
https://magrudy.com/book/criminal-litigation-2019-2020-9780198838548/
by Lisa Mountford, Martin Hannibal
in Legal Practice Course Manuals
The number of women in United States prisons has increased dramatically since the 1980s, and has in proportion outpaced that of men's incarceration. Despite these numbers, incarcerated women, and women lifers specifically, represent a relatively small percentage of the overall correctional and lifer populations. As such, women lifers are easy ...
Women Lifers: Lives Before, Behind, and Beyond Bars
The number of women in United States prisons has increased dramatically since the 1980s, and has in proportion outpaced that of men's incarceration. Despite these numbers, incarcerated women, and women lifers specifically, represent a relatively small percentage of the overall correctional and lifer populations. As such, women lifers are easy to overlook, discount, and diminish as such a small group. Many women lifers perceive themselves as a forgotten group; most often those whom we lock up and throw away the key . They feel excluded from prison programming within and from their own families outside. They feel stigmatized by staff and other women in prison. Aging fast, many have real fears about declining health and losing family members over lengthy stretches of time. However, women lifers are some of the most resilient and strongest women who survive life in prison with the support of each other and religious faith, often transforming themselves in the process of doing time. While most of the women had extensive histories of trauma, abuse, and mental health issues, few had prior experience as offenders. Despite the term lifer , many of these women will be released from prison after serving long sentences. Beyond this basic profile, there is much more to learn and share about the lives of women lifers. Focusing on women's pathways into prison, the ways they cope with life behind bars, and their diverse reentry needs, Meredith Dye and Ronald Aday give voice to women lifers and place their experiences within the larger context of penal harm policies. The authors look at their physical and mental health, family connections, adjustment to prison, prison supports and activities, and experiences with abuse/trauma; while also looking at the growing public and policy concerns over mass incarceration in general. Women Lifers provides insight into the lives of incarcerated women before, during, and following a life sentence, especially the population of those serving life sentences. With the growing numbers of women lifers in the United States, the authors emphasize the importance for the public and policymakers to understand the unique circumstances that brought these women to prison, the policies that keep them there, and the major challenges they face in carving out a successful life in prison and beyond.
https://magrudy.com/book/women-lifers-lives-before-behind-and-beyond-bars-9781538113028/
by Ronald H. Aday, Meredith Huey Dye
Before World War I, the government reaction to labor dissent had been local, ad hoc, and quasi-military. Sheriffs, mayors, or governors would deputize strikebreakers or call out the state militia, usually at the bidding of employers. When the United States entered the conflict in 1917, government and industry feared that ...
Keep the Wretches in Order: America's Biggest Mass Trial, the Rise of the Justice Department, and the Fall of the IWW
Before World War I, the government reaction to labor dissent had been local, ad hoc, and quasi-military. Sheriffs, mayors, or governors would deputize strikebreakers or call out the state militia, usually at the bidding of employers. When the United States entered the conflict in 1917, government and industry feared that strikes would endanger war production; a more coordinated, national strategy would be necessary. To prevent stoppages, the Department of Justice embarked on a sweeping new effort-replacing gunmen with lawyers. The department systematically targeted the nation's most radical and innovative union, the Industrial Workers of the World, also known as the Wobblies, resulting in the largest mass trial in U.S. history. In the first legal history of this federal trial, Dean Strang shows how the case laid the groundwork for a fundamentally different strategy to stifle radical threats, and had a major role in shaping the modern Justice Department. As the trial unfolded, it became an exercise of raw force, raising serious questions about its legitimacy and revealing the fragility of a criminal justice system under great external pressure.
https://magrudy.com/book/keep-the-wretches-in-order-americas-biggest-mass-trial-the-rise-of-the-justice-department-and-the-fall-of-the-iww-9780299323301/
by Dean Strang
Volume I of The Official History of Criminal Justice in England and Wales frames what was known about crime and criminal justice in the 1960s, before describing the liberalising legislation of the decade. Commissioned by the Cabinet Office and using interviews, British Government records, and papers housed in private, and ...
The Official History of Criminal Justice in England and Wales: Volume I: The 'Liberal Hour'
Volume I of The Official History of Criminal Justice in England and Wales frames what was known about crime and criminal justice in the 1960s, before describing the liberalising legislation of the decade. Commissioned by the Cabinet Office and using interviews, British Government records, and papers housed in private, and institutional collections, this is the first of a collaboratively written series of official histories that analyse the evolution of criminal justice between 1959 and 1997. It opens with an account of the inception of the series, before describing what was known about crime and criminal justice at the time. It then outlines the genesis of three key criminal justice Acts that not only redefined the relations between the State and citizen, but also shaped what some believed to be the spirit of the age: the abolition of capital punishment, and the reform of the laws on abortion, and homosexuality. The Acts were taken to be so contentious morally and politically that Governments of different stripes were hesitant about promoting them formally. The onus was instead passed to backbenchers, who were supported by interlocking groups of reformers, with a pooled knowledge about how to effectively organise a rhetoric that drew on the language of utilitarianism, and the clarity and authority of a Church of England. This came to play an increasingly consequential and largely unacknowledged part in resolving what were often confusing moral questions. This book will be of much interest to students of criminology and British history, politics and law.
https://magrudy.com/book/the-official-history-of-criminal-justice-in-england-and-wales-volume-i-the-liberal-hour-9781138601673/
by Paul Rock
in Government Official History Series
Policing America's Educational Systems, edited by John Harrison Watts, describes methods of policing modern educational settings, covering both K-12 public school and public or private colleges and universities. Using topical examples, subject-matter experts introduce the history of policing in elementary and high schools, the legal context governing educational institutions, and ...
Policing America's Educational Systems
Policing America's Educational Systems, edited by John Harrison Watts, describes methods of policing modern educational settings, covering both K-12 public school and public or private colleges and universities. Using topical examples, subject-matter experts introduce the history of policing in elementary and high schools, the legal context governing educational institutions, and ways to assess risk and prevent or respond to crime, including active-shooter incidents. The opening section covers primary and secondary education, while the second focuses on postsecondary educational settings. A final section offers a theoretical approach to understanding campus crime and discusses the role of counseling and mental health in keeping students safe. A concluding chapter looks at the future of policing in education. Contributors bring both academic and practitioner experience to each topic covered, and useful features include learning objectives, chapter summaries, key terms, and discussion questions that further explore the issues and controversies covered in that section. This textbook is designed for courses in school or campus policing within criminal justice, social work, and sociology programs, and is also appropriate for in-service training for professionals involved in school or campus policing and safety.
https://magrudy.com/book/policing-americas-educational-systems-9781498784986/
A gripping behind-the-scenes account of the dramatic legal fight to hold leaders personally responsible for aggressive war On July 17, 2018, starting an unjust war became a prosecutable international crime alongside genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. Instead of collective state responsibility, our leaders are now personally subject to ...
The Crime of Aggression: The Quest for Justice in an Age of Drones, Cyberattacks, Insurgents, and Autocrats
A gripping behind-the-scenes account of the dramatic legal fight to hold leaders personally responsible for aggressive war On July 17, 2018, starting an unjust war became a prosecutable international crime alongside genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. Instead of collective state responsibility, our leaders are now personally subject to indictment for crimes of aggression, from invasions and preemptions to drone strikes and cyberattacks. The Crime of Aggression is Noah Weisbord's riveting insider's account of the high-stakes legal fight to enact this historic legislation and hold politicians accountable for the wars they start. Weisbord, a key drafter of the law for the International Criminal Court, takes readers behind the scenes of one of the most consequential legal dramas in modern international diplomacy. Drawing on in-depth interviews and his own invaluable insights, he sheds critical light on the motivations of the prosecutors, diplomats, and military strategists who championed the fledgling prohibition on unjust war-and those who tried to sink it. He untangles the complex history behind the measure, tracing how the crime of aggression was born at the Nuremberg trials only to fall dormant during the Cold War, and he draws lessons from such pivotal events as the collapse of the League of Nations, the rise of the United Nations, September 11, and the war on terror. The power to try leaders for unjust war holds untold promise for the international order, but also great risk. In this incisive and vitally important book, Weisbord explains how judges in such cases can balance the imperatives of justice and peace, and how the fair prosecution of aggression can humanize modern statecraft.
https://magrudy.com/book/the-crime-of-aggression-the-quest-for-justice-in-an-age-of-drones-cyberattacks-insurgents-and-autocrats-9780691169873/
by Noah Weisbord
in Human Rights and Crimes against Humanity (31)
Ashworth's Principles of Criminal Law, now in its ninth edition, takes a distinctive approach to the subject of criminal law, whilst still covering all of the vital topics found on criminal law courses. Uniquely theoretical, it seeks to enlighten the reader as to the underlying principles and theoretical foundations of ...
Ashworth's Principles of Criminal Law
Ashworth's Principles of Criminal Law, now in its ninth edition, takes a distinctive approach to the subject of criminal law, whilst still covering all of the vital topics found on criminal law courses. Uniquely theoretical, it seeks to enlighten the reader as to the underlying principles and theoretical foundations of the criminal law, critically engaging readers by contextualizing and analysing the law. This is essential reading for students seeking a sophisticated and critically engaging exploration of the subject. Online Resources The text is accompanied by online resources housing a full bibliography as well as a selection of useful web links.
https://magrudy.com/book/ashworths-principles-of-criminal-law-9780198777663/
by Jeremy Horder
Contents include: Preface Abbreviations Weights and Measures Part One: Introduction Chapter I: Background Chapter II: General Prniciples of The T'ang Code Chapter III: The Text of the T'ang Code Part Two: The T'ang Code: General Principles, Chapters I-VI Chapter I Chapter II Chapter III Chapter IV Chapter V Chapter VI ...
The T'ang Code, Volume I: General Principles
Contents include: Preface Abbreviations Weights and Measures Part One: Introduction Chapter I: Background Chapter II: General Prniciples of The T'ang Code Chapter III: The Text of the T'ang Code Part Two: The T'ang Code: General Principles, Chapters I-VI Chapter I Chapter II Chapter III Chapter IV Chapter V Chapter VI Appendix Glossary Bibliography Index Originally published in 1979. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
https://magrudy.com/book/the-tang-code-volume-i-general-principles-9780691606323/
by Wallace Johnson
in Princeton Library of Asian Translations
An utterly original and gripping story of murder on the high seas. - Sebastian Junger From an author praised by the Wall Street Journal for his eye for a good story comes an account of Herbert Fuller tragedy of 1896, a tragedy that occurred on the high seas and one ...
Murder Aboard: The Herbert Fuller Tragedy and the Ordeal of Thomas Bram
An utterly original and gripping story of murder on the high seas. - Sebastian Junger From an author praised by the Wall Street Journal for his eye for a good story comes an account of Herbert Fuller tragedy of 1896, a tragedy that occurred on the high seas and one involving the senseless slaughter of three of the twelve souls on board. Stunned by this act of random violence, and in sure knowledge that one or more of their own was the murderer, the living turn the vessel to shore, 750 miles distant. In the nightmarish days and nights of suspense that follow, first one and then another of the remaining nine is seized by others as the culprit. Upon reaching port, however, all are under suspicion-until the man most likely to have committed the act is, for reasons having to do with race, exonerated and the man most likely to be innocent, prosecuted. At the center of this gripping and gruesome story is the first mate Thomas Bram, whose subsequent murder trials became as widely followed by the press and public as was the famous trial of Lizzie Borden just a few years before. Unlike the Borden case, remembered today in books, movies, and children's rhymes, the Bram case was almost lost to the collective memory. Fortunately, C. Michael Hiam, in the manner of Erik Larson, now brings it to life.
https://magrudy.com/book/murder-aboard-9781493041312/
by C. Michael Hiam
This volume critically engages with the development of official policy and reform in relation to the support of victims of crime both within and beyond the criminal justice system of England and Wales. Since the election of the Conservative/Liberal Democrat Coalition Government in May 2010 it is argued that victimization ...
Victims of Crime: Construction, Governance and Policy
This volume critically engages with the development of official policy and reform in relation to the support of victims of crime both within and beyond the criminal justice system of England and Wales. Since the election of the Conservative/Liberal Democrat Coalition Government in May 2010 it is argued that victimization has increasingly taken on a greater cultural resonance both in England and Wales and in other industrialised countries. Images of terrorism, public debates around the handling of sexual victimisation by the courts, and the issue of child sexual exploitation have catapulted victim issues into the public consciousness like never before - generating a new form of what Hall terms `victim capital'. As such, this book utilises a combination of cultural victimological analysis, governance theory and legal scholarship to address fundamental questions concerning the drivers and impact of victim policy in England and Wales in the 21st century. An engaging and original study, this book will be of particular interest to scholars of victimology and the criminal justice system, as well as activists and policy makers.
https://magrudy.com/book/victims-of-crime-construction-governance-and-policy-9783319878287/
by Matthew Hall
in Palgrave Studies in Victims and Victimology
Volume II of The Official History of Criminal Justice in England and Wales traces, for the first time, the genesis and early evolution of two principal institutions in the criminal justice system, the Crown Court and the Crown Prosecution Service. This volume examines the origins and shaping of two critical ...
The Official History of Criminal Justice in England and Wales: Volume II: Institution-Building
Volume II of The Official History of Criminal Justice in England and Wales traces, for the first time, the genesis and early evolution of two principal institutions in the criminal justice system, the Crown Court and the Crown Prosecution Service. This volume examines the origins and shaping of two critical institutions: the Crown Court, which rose from the ashes of the Courts of Assize and Quarter Sessions; and the Crown Prosecution Service which replaced a rather haphazard system of police prosecuting solicitors. The 1971 Courts Act and the 1985 Prosecution of Offences Act were to reconfigure the architecture of criminal justice, transforming the procedures by which people were charged, prosecuted and, in the weightier cases demanding a judge and jury, tried in the criminal courts of England and Wales. One stemmed from a crisis in a medieval system of travelling justices that tried people in the wrong places and for inadequate lengths of time. The other was precipitated by a scandal in which three men were wrongly convicted for the murder of a bisexual prostitute. Theirs is an as yet untold history that can be explored in depth because it is recent enough, in the words of Harold Wilson, to have been `written while the official records could still be supplemented by reference to the personal recollections of the public men who were involved'. This book will be of much interest to students of criminology and British history, politics and law.
https://magrudy.com/book/the-official-history-of-criminal-justice-in-england-and-wales-volume-ii-institution-building-9781138601659/
People convicted of crimes are subject to a criminal sentence, but they also face a host of other restrictive legal measures: Some are denied access to jobs, housing, welfare, the vote, or other goods. Some may be deported, may be subjected to continued detention, or may have their criminal records ...
Beyond Punishment?: A Normative Account of the Collateral Legal Consequences of Conviction
People convicted of crimes are subject to a criminal sentence, but they also face a host of other restrictive legal measures: Some are denied access to jobs, housing, welfare, the vote, or other goods. Some may be deported, may be subjected to continued detention, or may have their criminal records made publicly accessible. These measures are often more burdensome than the formal sentence itself. In Beyond Punishment?, Zachary Hoskins offers a philosophical examination of these burdensome legal measures, called collateral legal consequences. Drawing on resources in moral, legal, and political philosophy, Hoskins analyzes the various kinds of collateral consequences imposed in different legal systems and the important moral challenges they raise. Can collateral legal consequences ever be justified as forms of criminal punishment or as civil measures? Hoskins contends that, considered as forms of punishment, such restrictions should be constrained by considerations of proportionality and offender reform. He also argues that they may in a limited range of cases be permissible as risk-reductive civil measures. Whether considered as criminal punishment or civil measures, however, collateral legal consequences are justifiable in a far narrower range of cases than we find in current legal practice. Considering just how pervasive collateral legal consequences have become and their dramatic effects on offenders' lives, Beyond Punishment? sheds valuable light on whether these restrictive measures are ever morally justified.
https://magrudy.com/book/a-normative-account-of-the-collateral-legal-consequences-of-conviction-9780199389230/
by Zachary Hoskins
in Studies in Penal Theory and Philosophy
This book employs a transitional justice lens to address the `disappearances' that occurred during the Northern Ireland conflict - or `Troubles' - and the post-conflict response to these `disappearances.' Despite an extensive literature around `dealing with the past' in Northern Ireland, as well as a substantial body of scholarship on ...
Transitional Justice and the `Disappeared' of Northern Ireland: Silence, Memory, and the Construction of the Past
This book employs a transitional justice lens to address the `disappearances' that occurred during the Northern Ireland conflict - or `Troubles' - and the post-conflict response to these `disappearances.' Despite an extensive literature around `dealing with the past' in Northern Ireland, as well as a substantial body of scholarship on `disappearances' in other national contexts, there has been little scholarly scrutiny of `disappearances' in post-conflict Northern Ireland. Although the Good Friday Agreement brought relative peace to Northern Ireland, no provision was made for the establishment of some form of overarching truth and reconciliation commission aimed at comprehensively addressing the legacy of violence. Nevertheless, a mechanism to recover the remains of the `disappeared' - the Independent Commission for the Location of Victims' Remains (ICLVR) - was established, and has in fact proven to be quite effective. As a result, the reactions of key constituencies to the `disappearances' can be used as a prism through which to comprehensively explore issues of relevance to transitional justice scholars and practitioners. Pursuing an interdisciplinary approach, and based on extensive empirical research, this book provides a multifaceted exploration of the responses of these constituencies to the practice of `disappearing.' It engages with transitional justice themes including silence, memory, truth, acknowledgement, and apology. Key issues examined include the mobilisation efforts of families of the `disappeared,' efforts by a (former) non-state armed group to address its legacy of violence, the utility of a limited immunity mechanism to incentivise information provision, and the interplay between silence and memory in the shaping of a collective, societal understanding of the `disappeared.'
https://magrudy.com/book/transitional-justice-and-the-disappeared-of-northern-ireland-silence-memory-and-the-construction-of-the-past-9780815375647/
by Lauren Dempster
Maximise your marks for every answer you write with Law Express Question and Answer. This series is designed to help you understand what examiners are looking for, focus on the question being asked and make your answers stand out. See how an expert crafts answers to up to 50 questions ...
Law Express Question and Answer: Criminal Law
Maximise your marks for every answer you write with Law Express Question and Answer. This series is designed to help you understand what examiners are looking for, focus on the question being asked and make your answers stand out. See how an expert crafts answers to up to 50 questions on Criminal Law. Discover how and why different elements of the answer relate to the question in accompanying Guidance. Plan answers quickly and effectively using Answer plans and Diagram plans. Gain higher marks with tips for advanced thinking in Make your answer stand out. Avoid common pitfalls with Don't be tempted to. Compare your responses using the Try it yourself answer guidance on the companion website. Practice answering questions and discover additional resources to support you in preparing for exams on the Companion website.
https://magrudy.com/book/law-express-question-and-answer-criminal-law-9781292259079/
by Josie Kemeys
in Law Express Questions & Answers
The fifth edition of the popular and highly acclaimed The Politics of the Police has been completely revised, expanded, and updated to take in recent changes in the law, policy, and organization of policing. Benjamin Bowling, Robert Reiner, and James Sheptycki, regarded as leading figures in the field, draw upon ...
The Politics of the Police
The fifth edition of the popular and highly acclaimed The Politics of the Police has been completely revised, expanded, and updated to take in recent changes in the law, policy, and organization of policing. Benjamin Bowling, Robert Reiner, and James Sheptycki, regarded as leading figures in the field, draw upon the findings of police research to provide readers with a stimulating and insightful discussion of the debates and controversies that surround the police, and analyse the proposals for reform. Covering a wide range of empirical and theoretical issues, this book is transnational in scope and reflects the growing diversity of policing forms in today's globalized world.
https://magrudy.com/book/the-politics-of-the-police-9780198769255/
by James W. E. Sheptycki, Robert Reiner, Benjamin Bowling
The Cambridge Handbook of Policing in the United States provides a comprehensive collection of essays on police and policing, written by leading experts in political theory, sociology, criminology, economics, law, public health, and critical theory. It unveils a range of experiences - from the police chief of a major metropolitan ...
The Cambridge Handbook of Policing in the United States
The Cambridge Handbook of Policing in the United States provides a comprehensive collection of essays on police and policing, written by leading experts in political theory, sociology, criminology, economics, law, public health, and critical theory. It unveils a range of experiences - from the police chief of a major metropolitan force to ordinary people targeted for policing on the street - and asks important questions about whether and why we need the police, before analyzing the law of policing, police use of force, and police violence, paying particular attention to the issue of discrimination against marginalized and vulnerable communities at the blunt end of police interference. The book also discusses technological innovations and proposals for reform. Written in accessible language, this interdisciplinary work will be a valuable resource for anyone interested in understanding the present and future of policing in the United States.
https://magrudy.com/book/the-future-of-policing-in-the-united-states-9781108420556/
In 1950, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were arrested for allegedly passing information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union, an affair FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover labeled the crime of the century. Their case became an international sensation, inspiring petitions, letters of support, newspaper editorials, and protests in countries ...
Executing the Rosenbergs: Death and Diplomacy in a Cold War World
In 1950, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were arrested for allegedly passing information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union, an affair FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover labeled the crime of the century. Their case became an international sensation, inspiring petitions, letters of support, newspaper editorials, and protests in countries around the world. Nevertheless, the Rosenbergs were executed after years of appeals, making them the only civilians ever put to death for conspiracy-related activities. Yet even after their executions, protests continued. The Rosenberg case quickly transformed into legend, while the media spotlight shifted to their two orphaned sons. In Executing the Rosenbergs, Lori Clune demonstrates that the Rosenberg case played a pivotal role in the world's perception of the United States. Based on newly discovered documents from the State Department, Clune narrates the widespread dissent against the Rosenberg decision in 80 cities and 48 countries. Even as the Truman and Eisenhower administrations attempted to turn the case into pro-democracy propaganda, U.S. allies and potential allies questioned whether the United States had the moral authority to win the Cold War. Meanwhile, the death of Stalin in 1953 also raised the stakes of the executions; without a clear hero and villain, the struggle between democracy and communism shifted into morally ambiguous terrain. Transcending questions of guilt or innocence, Clune weaves the case -and its aftermath -into the fabric of the Cold War, revealing its far-reaching global effects. An original approach to one of the most fascinating episodes in Cold War history, Executing the Rosenbergs broadens a quintessentially American story into a global one.
https://magrudy.com/book/executing-the-rosenbergs-death-and-diplomacy-in-a-cold-war-world-9780190055592/
by Lori Clune
The fifth edition of The Criminal Process continues in the tradition of previous editions in providing an insightful and stimulating analysis of the key issues in criminal processes and procedures. The authors draw on arguments from the law, research, policy, and principle, to present an authoritative overview of this area ...
The Criminal Process
The fifth edition of The Criminal Process continues in the tradition of previous editions in providing an insightful and stimulating analysis of the key issues in criminal processes and procedures. The authors draw on arguments from the law, research, policy, and principle, to present an authoritative overview of this area of study.
https://magrudy.com/book/the-criminal-process-9780198818403/
by Mike Redmayne, Andrew Ashworth, Dr. Liz Campbell
The unsung heroes who defend the accused from the ultimate punishment What motivates someone to make a career out of defending some of the worst suspected killers of our time? In Capital Defense, Jon B. Gould and Maya Pagni Barak give us a glimpse into the lives of lawyers who ...
Capital Defense: Inside the Lives of America's Death Penalty Lawyers
The unsung heroes who defend the accused from the ultimate punishment What motivates someone to make a career out of defending some of the worst suspected killers of our time? In Capital Defense, Jon B. Gould and Maya Pagni Barak give us a glimpse into the lives of lawyers who choose to work in the darkest corner of our criminal justice system: death penalty cases. Based on in-depth personal interviews with a cross-section of the nation's top capital defense teams, the book explores the unusual few who voluntarily represent society's worst of the worst. With a compassionate and careful eye, Gould and Barak chronicle the experiences of American lawyers, who-like soldiers or surgeons-operate under the highest of stakes, where verdicts have the power to either take death off the table or put clients on the conveyor belt towards death. These lawyers are a rare breed in a field that is otherwise seen as dirty work and in a system that is overburdened, under-resourced, and overshadowed by social, cultural, and political pressures. Examining the ugliest side of our criminal justice system, Capital Defense offers an up-close perspective on the capital litigation process and its impact on the people who participate in it.
https://magrudy.com/book/capital-defense-inside-the-lives-of-americas-death-penalty-9781479873753/
by Maya Pagni Barak, Jon B. Gould
In December 2008, twentysomething Jill Grunenwald graduated with her master's degree in library science, ready to start living her dream of becoming a librarian. But the economy had a different idea. As the Great Recession reared its ugly head, jobs were scarce. After some searching, however, Jill was lucky enough ...
Reading behind Bars: A True Story of Literature, Law, and Life as a Prison Librarian
In December 2008, twentysomething Jill Grunenwald graduated with her master's degree in library science, ready to start living her dream of becoming a librarian. But the economy had a different idea. As the Great Recession reared its ugly head, jobs were scarce. After some searching, however, Jill was lucky enough to snag one of the few librarian gigs left in her home state of Ohio. The catch? The job was behind bars as the prison librarian at a men's minimum-security prison. Talk about baptism by fire. As an untested twentysomething woman, to say that the job was out of Jill's comfort zone was an understatement. She was forced to adapt on the spot, speedily learning to take the metal detectors, hulking security guards, and colorful inmates in stride. Over the course of a little less than two years, Jill came to see past the bleak surroundings and the orange jumpsuits and recognize the humanity of the men stuck behind bars. They were just like every other library patron-persons who simply wanted to read, to be educated and entertained through the written word. By helping these inmates, Jill simultaneously began to recognize the humanity in everyone and to discover inner strength that she never knew she had. At turns poignant and hilarious, Reading behind Bars is a perfect read for fans of Orange is the New Black and Shakespeare Saved My Life.
https://magrudy.com/book/reading-between-the-lines-a-memoir-of-literature-law-and-life-as-a-prison-librarian-9781510737068/
by Jill Grunenwald
The legendary FBI criminal profiler, number-one New York Times bestselling author, and inspiration for the hit Netflix show Mindhunter delves deep into the lives and crimes of four of the most disturbing and complex predatory killers, offering never-before-revealed details about his profiling process, and divulging the strategies used to crack ...
The Killer Across the Table: Unlocking the Secrets of Serial Killers and Predators with the FBI's Original Mindhunter
The legendary FBI criminal profiler, number-one New York Times bestselling author, and inspiration for the hit Netflix show Mindhunter delves deep into the lives and crimes of four of the most disturbing and complex predatory killers, offering never-before-revealed details about his profiling process, and divulging the strategies used to crack some of America's most challenging cases. The FBI's pioneer of criminal profiling, former special agent John Douglas, has studied and interviewed many of America's most notorious killers-including Charles Manson, Son of Sam Killer David Berkowitz and BTK Strangler Dennis Rader-trained FBI agents and investigators around and the world, and helped educate the country about these deadly predators and how they operate, and has become a legend in popular culture, fictionalized in The Silence of the Lambs and the hit television shows Criminal Minds and Mindhunter. Twenty years after his famous memoir, the man who literally wrote the book on FBI criminal profiling opens his case files once again. In this riveting work of true crime, he spotlights four of the most diabolical criminals he's confronted, interviewed and learned from. Going deep into each man's life and crimes, he outlines the factors that led them to murder and how he used his interrogation skills to expose their means, motives, and true evil. Like the hit Netflix show, The Killer Across the Table is centered around Douglas' unique interrogation and profiling process. With his longtime collaborator Mark Olshaker, Douglas recounts the chilling encounters with these four killers as he experienced them-revealing for the first time his profile methods in detail. Going step by step through his interviews, Douglas explains how he connects each killer's crimes to the specific conversation, and contrasts these encounters with those of other deadly criminals to show what he learns from each one. In the process, he returns to other famous cases, killers and interviews that have shaped his career, describing how the knowledge he gained from those exchanges helped prepare him for these. A glimpse into the mind of a man who has pierced the heart of human darkness, The Killer Across the Table unlocks the ultimate mystery of depravity and the techniques and approaches that have countered evil in the name of justice.
https://magrudy.com/book/unti-mindhunter-book-9780062910639/
by Mark Olshaker, John E Douglas


HTML clipboardLocation: Dalat Cathedral is located on Tran Phu Road, near the Dalat Novotel Hotel, Dalat City, Lam Dong Province.
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HTML clipboardLocation: This natural lake situated on top of a hill covered with pine trees, 6km east of Dalat City, Lam Dong Province.
HTML clipboardLocation: The Lam Dong Province Museum is located on the top of a hill at 4 Hung Vuong St., Dalat City, Lam Dong Province; about 1km from the Central Market.
HTML clipboardLocation: Lang Bian Mountains is located in Lac Duong District, Lam Dong Province; 12km north of center Dalat.
HTML clipboardLocation: Linh Son Pagoda is located on Nguyen Van Troi St., on a hill overlooking the centre of Dalat City, Lam Dong Province.
Characteristics: The pagoda is office of the Buddhism Managing Committee of Lam Dong Province.
Location: The waterfall is located in Tan Hoi Commune, Duc Trong District, Lam Dong Province; more than 45km away from Dalat City.
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HTML clipboardLocation: Prenn Falls is located at the foot of the Prenn Pass; 10km from the center of Dalat City.
Characteristics: This is a famous waterfall. The foot of the falls is a small valley covered with flowers and pine trees.
HTML clipboardLocation: Truc Lam Buddhist Pagoda is located on Phuong Hoang Mountain, by Tuyen Lam Lake in Ward 3, Dalat City, Lam Dong Province.
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HTML clipboardLocation: Xuan Huong Lake is located in the centre of Dalat City.
Characteristics: Xuan Huong is a very beautiful lake. The surface of the lake is as smooth as glass reflecting the shadows of pine-trees which sing in the wind all day and night.


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Do Androids Dream of Animal Rights?
Michael C. Dorf
Posted in: Philosophy and Ethics
Earlier this month, a playful story in the Washington Post explored the question whether an artificial intelligence (AI) might someday run for President of the United States. Fans of dystopic science fiction like The Matrix and Terminator films or the television series Battlestar Galactica (the terrific mid-2000s reboot, not the horrid original) might have thought that they were alone in wondering about such matters, but apparently deep thinkers take seriously the risk that our future machines might rise up and kill us all. A recent New Yorker article noted that Oxford philosopher Nick Bostrom worries that AI "might pose a danger that exceeds every previous threat from technology—even nuclear weapons—and that if its development is not managed carefully humanity risks engineering its own extinction."
That truly does sound serious and seems to vindicate the title of the Washington Post story: You're worried about Trump? In 100 years, robots might be running for president.
Yet alongside the murderous machines like HAL in 2001: A Space Odyssey, one can find kindly robots, who exhibit our best qualities, sometimes better than do we humans ourselves: Data in Star Trek: The Next Generation; C3PO, R2-D2, and now BB-8 in the Star Wars films; Wall-E; and the OS Samantha (voiced by Scarlett Johannson) in Her.
Which vision is more accurate? Will Siri and Google's prototype self-driving cars pave the way for a future like The Jetsons, in which robots benignly serve us, or to one more like The Matrix, in which they farm us to meet their energy needs?
That is probably the wrong question to ask. Appealing science fiction has almost always said more about the world from which it emerged than about the world it imagined.
For example, the original Star Trek television series was born just before the Vietnam War escalated and went badly for the United States; its outlook was generally sunny; although the Enterprise crew were nominally multi-national (and, counting Spock, multi-planetary), its outlook was decidedly that of the can-do American spirit; battles were thinly disguised metaphors for the Cold War (occasionally not even bothering with the disguise). By contrast, darker times bring darker sci-fi. For example, an early episode of Battlestar Galactica featuring the torture of a Cylon clearly evoked Abu Ghraib.
What does the renewed serious and pop-culture focus on the future of AI tell us about the present? Partly, it might simply reflect the fact that while true AI remains a long way off, capacities like voice recognition and artificial speech have improved to the point that one can sometimes forget that our machines are simply executing programs. It is now easier than ever before to imagine a future AI.
Yet exploring the nature of the AI debate reveals something unexpected. Its terms have important implications for how we think about beings who exist in the here and now: non-human animals.
Express Links Between Robot Rights and Animal Rights
The connection between AI and animal rights may be surprising, but it is real and longstanding. Consider that in writing the Washington Post story on robots running for president, journalist Philip Bump sought comments from three lawyers: Pace Law Professor David Cassuto; Nonhuman Rights project president Steven Wise; and yours truly. In addition to a willingness to humor journalists (and perhaps a taste for the spotlight), Cassuto, Wise, and I share an important characteristic: we are all vegans who believe that humans act terribly unjustly in our relations with nonhuman animals.
As each of us explained to Bump, whether someone should be treated with dignity—be treated as someone rather than something—should not depend on whether that someone happens to be a member of the species homo sapiens. It is not surprising that in looking for people to defend the proposition that rights could extend to mechanical beings, Bump found three people who believe that rights should extend to non-human animal beings.
The connection between rights for robots and rights for animals has not been lost on science fiction writers. For example, the 1968 Philip K. Dick novel, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (on which the film Blade Runner was based) poses the question of what it means to be human in a conflict between humans and androids playing out on a ruined planet Earth. The humans in charge believe that the key is the ability to feel empathy—an ability that the book's androids lack. Strikingly, a test to determine whether a subject is an android looks at the subject's reaction to being told that she has received a calfskin wallet as a birthday present. The right reaction, the one felt by empathic humans but not by the unfeeling androids, is one of horror and disgust at the prospect of the killing and exploitation of a baby cow.
Express animal rights themes can be found in other popular science fiction as well. E.T. tells the story of an extraterrestrial rather than of a robot, but aliens and robots occupy roughly the same fraught territory in science fiction. Notably, under the mysterious but benign telepathic influence of the angelic E.T., Elliott and his fellow students release the frogs destined to be killed in his science class. The ability to empathize with one set of others—whether aliens or sentient robots—is connected to the ability to empathize with others more generally, whether they are people of a different race or religion, or sentient animals of a different species.
From Artificial Intelligence to Artificial Sentience
The connection between AI and animal rights is not mere sentimentality. It runs right through the heart of the debate over AI itself.
Even the most advanced current technology falls short of artificial intelligence. How will we know when we have achieved it? One widely discussed (and also widely criticized) measure is the "Turing test," named for the British pioneering computer scientist Alan Turing. He proposed that a machine capable of answering questions from a human interlocutor so that the human cannot tell whether the answerer is a computer or another human ought to be denominated as intelligent.
Philosopher John Searle proposed a famous criticism of the Turing test based on a hypothetical problem: Suppose you are in a room with a very large code book that enables you to decipher questions posed to you in Chinese, and then to encode your answers in Chinese. You can now carry on a conversation in writing with a Chinese speaker. However, Searle argued, you would be doing so without knowing how to speak Chinese (assuming you don't in fact know Chinese). Likewise, Searle contended, a computer that simply implements a program—a very complex code book—does not "know" what it is doing. Thus, even if the programmed computer can fool interlocutors into believing that the computer is "someone" rather than something, there is no one home. Just as there is no Chinese speaker in the "Chinese room," so there is no consciousness—no internal subjective sense of self—in the computer.
Searle's position is itself controversial. Some theorists of AI think that we do not yet know enough about how consciousness arises in organic brains to say whether it is possible for it to arise in a computer.
I do not want to take a position on whether Searle's view about the limits of computers is correct, but I do want to note something very important that he and his interlocutors agree about: They agree that there is a difference between something that is very good at answering questions but does not have any subjective states and something that does have subjective states. The latter sort of something is not just a something; it is someone.
In a sense, we have had machines capable of artificial intelligence for decades. A 1980s pocket calculator could instantly determine, say, the square root of seven to ten places, while at most a handful of human savants could do the same. But what that calculator could not do, and what current machines still cannot do, is have subjective experiences. Perhaps Searle is right and computers as we currently imagine them will never become aware. But if they do, we will have something beyond artificial intelligence. We will have artificial sentience.
R2-D2 and BB-8 are charming despite the fact that, speaking only in beeps, they are unintelligible to us humans. Indeed, they are charming partly because they are unintelligible. They are at once alien and recognizable, and what we recognize in them is less human than canine. In Star Wars: The Force Awakens (very minor spoiler alert) BB-8 even becomes Rey's droid through dog-like behavior: After being told to go away, BB-8 nonetheless follows her.
In Battlestar Galactica, the humans rationalize cruelty to the Cylons on the ground that the latter are only "toasters"—that is, very effective simulacra of sentient beings but really possessed of no more internal subjectivity than a toaster or other inanimate object. If that were true—if the Cylons really lacked subjectivity—then torturing and killing them would indeed have no moral significance. But precisely because the Cylons act in ways that give overwhelming evidence of sentience, "toaster" is understood as a slur.
Is true artificial sentience possible? That is a scientific and technological question to which we do not yet have the answer. But we already have abundant evidence of the reality of non-human sentience among our fellow Earthlings. If and when we create artificial sentience, we should accord the resulting mechanical beings respect. In the meantime, I would suggest that anxieties about the status of those hypothetical beings reflect projected guilt over our hideous disregard for the interests of the billions of sentient animals we exploit, torture, and kill in the here and now.
https://verdict.justia.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/dorf_20151230.mp3
Posted in: Philosophy and Ethics, Technology Law
Tags: Animal Rights, Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, Legal
Michael C. Dorf is the Robert S. Stevens Professor of Law at Cornell University and co-author, most recently, of Beating Hearts: Abortion and Animal Rights. He blogs at dorfonlaw.org.
More Commentary by Michael C. Dorf
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New York Lawmakers Take Aim at Trump
Supreme Court's Conservative Majority Issues Another Atextual Ruling in a Sovereign Immunity Case
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The Oxford Introductions to U.S. Law Constitutional Law
by Michael C. Dorf with Trevor W. Morrison
Constitutional Law: Cases Comments and Questions
by Jesse Choper, Richard Fallon Jr., Yale Kamisar, Steven Shiffrin, Michael Dorf, Frederick Schauer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Lionel Deimel's Web Log
Random quick takes by Lionel Deimel
A Critique of Sections 1, 2, and 3 of the Anglican Covenant - Part 2
This is the second of two parts of an analysis of Sections 1, 2, and 3 of the Anglican Covenant. (Part 1 can be found here.) In today's installment, I discuss Sections 2 and 3 and offer some concluding remarks. A PDF version of the complete critique is available here.)
Section Two: The Life We Share with Others: Our Anglican Vocation
The second section of the Anglican Covenant begins with propositions that signatories affirm.
It is difficult to object to §2.1.1, but it is easy to be suspicious of it. What does it mean to assert that "communion is a gift of God?" If we believe that all things come of God, then surely communion does. But so do tsunamis, by that reasoning. (Christians have a tendency to attribute to God those things they like and to absolve God of responsibility for those things they don't like. It is difficult to find a rational basis for such belief.) I think that the authors want readers to believe that the Anglican Communion is a gift of God. It is not clear just how good this particular gift is or why Anglicans, specifically, have been so blessed. In any case, arguing that the Anglican Communion is a gift of God could become an excuse for condemning any action that "tears the fabric of the Communion" as a rejection of God's gift.
In §2.1.2, the Covenant begins to make the case for the new Anglican Communion the Archbishop of Canterbury is hoping we will all embrace, one that achieves "a more fully developed communion life." There are many scales on which our communion life might be "more fully developed." Churches could, for example, develop a communion life that is more tolerant, understanding, and mutually supportive. That is not the kind of development envisioned by the Covenant, however. Instead, the Covenant is luring signatories into "a worldwide family of interdependent churches," as it is expressed in §2.1.4. "Interdependent," of course, despite protestations in the Covenant to the contrary, means constrained, not independent, not autonomous.
The function of §2.1.3 is unclear, unless it is intended to make us feel guilty, so we will agree to adopt the Covenant.
Section 2.1.4 is not objectionable except insofar as it assumes that we desire to become "a worldwide family of interdependent churches." I, for one, have no such desire.
Section 2.1.5 expresses the desire to see "full, visible unity of the Church," since Jesus is reported by St. John to have prayed "that they all may be one" (John 17:21). "Being one" does not necessarily mean that all churches must unite. What would our world be like if all churches were the same, if going to one house of worship delivered the same experience as going to another? I suggest that such a world would minister to a minority of people, leaving most people outside the church. I, for one, do not lament our present diversity, either in the Anglican Communion or in the world at large. When all people have the same personality, education, ethnicity, and nationality, the Christian Church can fully unite. Until then, doing so is counterproductive.
On the basis of the assertions of §2.1, §2.2 lists commitments assumed by churches that adopt the Covenant.
In §2.2.1, signatories commit to evangelism "and, with mutual accountability, to share our God-given spiritual and material resources in this task." What, exactly, is the "mutual accountability" called for here? Would The Episcopal Church be acting contrary to the Covenant if our evangelism doesn't look like the evangelism of, say, the Church of Nigeria (Anglican)? Are we expected to help finance the Nigerian church's evangelism?
I can find little to object to in §2.2.2, which is derived from the five Marks of Mission. (Other marks of mission have been suggested recently, however.) I don't see the point of "as essential aspects of our mission in communion" in §2.2.2.e.
Section 2.2.3, 2.2.4, and 2.2.5 seem unobjectionable.
Section Three: Our Unity and Common Life
Section 3.1 enumerates more affirmations. It is here that the Covenant begins to reveal how it will transform the organization of the Communion.
Section 3.1.1 is unremarkable.
Section 3.1.2 begins with a resolution "to live in a Communion of Churches." Perhaps you thought we were already doing that. We are not now living in the "Communion of Churches" outlined in the Covenant, however, which is living "in communion with autonomy and accountability," arguably an oxymoron. There is a lot of gibberish here, but we can see in §3.1.2 the beginning of the institutionalization of the "Instruments of Communion" and an exalted role for bishops. (In general, the Covenant seems to see laypeople as chopped liver.) For example, §3.1.2 asserts that "[e]ach Church, with its bishops in synod, orders and regulates its own affairs and its local responsibility for mission through its own system of government and law …." Arguably, this statement is not true of The Episcopal Church, as the House of Bishops only acts in concert with the House of Deputies in the General Convention to govern the church. Perhaps this form of governance is "incompatible with the Covenant."
Section 3.1.3 again asserts "the central role of bishops" and speaks of "the historic threefold ministry of bishops, priests and deacons." There is no role for laypeople here! By contrast, in the Catechism of the 1979 Book of Common Prayer (p. 855), the answer to the question of who are the ministers of the Church is: "The ministers of the Church are lay persons, bishops, priests, and deacons."
It is §3.1.4 that fully establishes the four "Instruments of Communion" as permanent and essential elements of the Anglican Communion. I find this worrisome, as I believe that the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Primates' Meeting have seriously abused their authority since 2003. (Actually, the Primates' Meeting had no authority to abuse, so it simply attempted to appropriate authority. The primates seemed to repent of their arrogation of power at their most recent meeting in Dublin, but, when primates who stayed away from the meeting return, so may the primates' meddling in the affairs of individual Anglican churches.) Moreover, certain primates and their allies have tried to elevate resolutions of the Lambeth Conference—well, one of them, anyway, Resolution I.10 of 1998—to the status of "the teaching of the Communion." Given this history of abuse of power, why do we want to give more authority to these "instruments," allowing them even more opportunity to become instruments of oppression? This section contains many phrases that reveal an intention to remake the Anglican Communion into an entity that acts in lockstep:
our shared faith and common life and mission
the common faith of the Church's members
calls the Churches into mutual responsibility and interdependence
From the standpoint of what we might call Anglican Communion polity, I am particularly concerned about the position of the Archbishop of Canterbury. In practice, he has become more than simply the spiritual head of the Communion, more than primus inter pares. Americans especially should be wary of placing a single man—I surely do not expect to see a female Archbishop of Canterbury in my lifetime—at the center of all the "Instruments." That man is not chosen by the Communion and is not even elected in any democratic sense from his own church! When the Standing Committee recommends "relational consequences" to the Primates' Meeting or to the Anglican Consultative Council, as described in §4.2.5, it is a group of people who have to agree on the imposition of such consequences. Such a recommendation to the Archbishop of Canterbury is imposed or not based on the will of a single person from whose decision there is no appeal.
Finally, in Item IV of §3.1.4, we find this explanation:
In the Primates' Meeting, the Primates and Moderators are called to work as representatives of their Provinces in collaboration with one another in mission and in doctrinal, moral and pastoral matters that have Communion-wide implications.
I am unclear as to what this passage means. What is it that results from the work of the primates? Is it more interference in the affairs of individual churches? We need less, not more of that. I don't know if the Presiding Bishop of The Episcopal Church is authorized to perform the work specified in §3.1.4.
Acknowledging the foregoing, §3.2 sets out additional commitments that signatories assume. Each of these commitments is designed to rein in the autonomy of Communion members.
Section 3.2.1 requires churches "to have regard for the common good of the Communion in the exercise of its autonomy," i.e., to restrain the exercise of autonomy voluntarily. It also requires churches "to endeavour to accommodate their recommendations [i.e., those of the Instruments of Communion.]"
Section 3.2.2 is an excellent example of doubletalk. It commits churches
to respect the constitutional autonomy of all of the Churches of the Anglican Communion, while upholding our mutual responsibility and interdependence in the Body of Christ, and the responsibility of each to the Communion as a whole.
In other words, the autonomy of Anglican churches is to be respected except when it isn't. This is not reassuring.
It gets worse. Ostensibly, §3.2.3 requires that Communion members remain at the table to discuss matters of importance. Given the way meetings have been boycotted in recent years and the way certain people have been banned from those same meetings, this is a welcome obligation. But this section also asserts that some issues "may prove to be distractions or even obstacles to the faith." Presumably, the Communion reserves the right not to talk about these issues or to discuss them interminably without reaching resolution. (It is not hard to imagine what some of these issues might be.) "All such matters therefore," we are told, "need to be tested by shared discernment in the life of the Church." It is this shared discernment that churches are buying into when they adopt the Anglican Covenant. This means that, until there is substantial (or perhaps even universal) agreement about certain contentious matters, no church can move forward on them. If The Episcopal Church accedes to shared discernment in the Anglican Communion, it is a fair assumption that LGBT persons will achieve equality in our church at the second coming of Christ or when hell freezes over, whichever occurs last. (Section 4 provides a preview of what shared discernment will look like in practice.)
Section 3.2.4 extends the restrictions on autonomy to agreements with other churches.
Just in case churches have not yet understood that they are surrendering their independence in adopting the Covenant, §3.2.5 obligates them
to act with diligence, care and caution in respect of any action which may provoke controversy, which by its intensity, substance or extent could threaten the unity of the Communion and the effectiveness or credibility of its mission.
This provision establishes what Jim Naughton has called "governance by hurt feelings." Churches are expected to intuit how others in the Communion will react to an action that may be not only justified, but even required by a reasonable interpretation of Scripture. Section 3.2.5 elevates politeness over truth.
The Covenant refers to conflicts that "could threaten the unity of the Communion and the effectiveness or credibility of its mission." Does (or should) the Communion have a mission apart from supporting the individual churches in their missions? This is, I think, an important question. The Anglican Communion is not now a church itself, and I do not believe it should be. (I am opposed to the Communion's negotiating ecumenical agreements, for example.) Individual Anglican churches have, in fact, painted themselves into a corner by claiming authority over and thereby taking responsibility for the actions of other Anglican churches, a responsibility that is not really theirs to assume. If Muslims try to embarrass an African church based on what, say, The Episcopal Church has done, that African church now has—if it chooses to invoke it—credible deniability. That is, the African church can assert that Anglican churches are autonomous and not subject to outside pressure or control. It is therefore not responsible for the actions of The Episcopal Church. This posture, which wisdom would have urged in the past, will not be an available option under the Anglican Covenant.
Section 3.2.6 forces churches to accept mediation in situations of conflict.
Section 3.2.7 is intended to intimidate churches into behaving as the Covenant intends them to behave.
Some Final Words
I hope that the foregoing will cause those who will be participating in the 2012 General Convention of The Episcopal Church to reconsider the notion that Sections 1, 2, and 3 of the Anglican Covenant are somehow innocuous. They are, in fact, pernicious. It is my sincerest hope that other Anglicans around the world will conclude this as well.
We should not allow Anglicans, in discussing the Covenant, to declare blithely that Sections 1–3 of the covenant are acceptable, without insisting that they explain why they believe this to be so. It is important that all Anglican churches consider the whole of the Covenant. Section 4, after all, exists to enforce what is set forth in Sections 1–3.
I hope that my critique will encourage discussion of the Covenant in greater detail. No doubt, I have minimized some threats to The Episcopal Church and to the Anglican Communion and failed to notice others. I believe that serious discussion among Episcopalians can only lead to the conclusion that the Anglican Covenant has little to recommend it.
The goal of the General Convention should be not only to defend The Episcopal Church against the depredations of an ill-advised Anglican Covenant, but also to encourage other Anglican churches to reject the Covenant as well.
Posted by Lionel Deimel at 11:45 PM
Jim June 2, 2011 at 2:43 PM
I think the proposed self-obligation to achieve what amounts to consensus is particularly troubling. Fr. Tobias proposes that not much happens if churches choose to endorse this thing. In the sense he does not mean it, he is right -- not much will happen, ever.
jimB
Pfalz prophet June 7, 2011 at 12:57 PM
Lionel, I believe you present significant issues that TEC must address at GC 2012. For this laycritter, the most significant is the absence of my voice in the newly-established hierarchy. The next most significant is the primates' sole determination of unorthodoxy and its consequences
How does one amend this Covenant? I propose TEC establish another study committee in 2012 to present this and the many questions you raised. This will give TEC three more years to look at the Communion's response to the Covenant and make a rational response. After all, it was TEC that triggered this whole sordid sequence.
Lionel Deimel June 7, 2011 at 1:10 PM
Pfalz prophet,
Although not my favorite outcome, somehow postponing a decision on the Covenant by General Convention may be the most likely outcome next year. The "final text" of the Covenant has been offered on a take-it-or-leave-it basis, though it is clear that at least some churches would like to see changes made immediately. As it stands, the Covenant can only be amended after a church has adopted it, and amendment will not be easy.
I hope it will become obvious well before the General Convention that we cannot live with the Covenant currently on offer, and that conversation will turn to how we can reject the covenant and somehow find a way to save the Anglican Communion from itself (or, more properly, from Rowan Williams and GAFCON).
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One of the most injuries to sustain from a pedestrian accident is a spinal cord injury. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the number one cause of spinal cord injuries is motor vehicle accidents. In fact, 46 percent of spinal injuries occur from crashes. They also report that in 25 percent of the cases, alcohol is a major factor.
Compared to drivers and other occupants in a motor vehicle, pedestrians have a higher risk of suffering injury to the spinal cord. That's because they lack protection. Many pedestrians never see it coming, with the force of the collision causing damage to their legs, back and spine.
The size of the vehicle and pedestrian may determine the level of the injury and its impact. Damage to the lower back or chest can lead to bladder/bowel dysfunction and affect movement of the torso and legs. If injury occurs to the neck, it may impact movement of all four limbs or even the ability to breathe without assistance.
Although technology has allowed many patients with spinal cord injuries to enjoy fuller and longer lives, the cost for treatment may be excessive. And it doesn't diminish the months (sometimes years), of grueling and painful rehabilitation. Nor does it take away from the life-altering consequences such as living in a nursing home, requiring in-home care, and no longer being able to provide for the family financially.
It's important to receive medical attention after any pedestrian accident. But when there's suspicion of a spinal cord injury, it's critical. Receiving immediate care could lessen the effects of the injury in some cases.
Make sure you report the accident to the liable driver's insurance company as well as your own. Also contact a lawyer for help dealing with a liability insurance company. Because of the tremendous expense involved in a spinal cord injury, victims need to make sure the insurance company handles the case in a fair manner. They are oftentimes eager to do what they can to avoid paying compensation for your damages. A lawyer can help you avoid accepting a low settlement offer.
Your attorney can review the full extent of your damages, which may be difficult to quantify when you suffered a long-term spinal cord injury. This includes both financial and non-financial losses. For instance, there may be substantial medical costs incurred right after the accident.
A spinal cord injury may put the person out of work for a long time or permanently. He/she may have the right to recover lost wages and damages related to reduced earning capacity.
Non-financial losses are another important consideration when evaluating your damages. The long-term (or sometimes lifelong) physical and emotional challenges have value for which your settlement should account.
Get help from the Law Office of Julie Johnson if you suffered a spinal cord injury in a pedestrian accident in Dallas. Call us at 214-290-8001 or contact us online.


The Erie Philharmonic will present Classic Mystery Tour Saturday, Sept. 13, a team of four musicians playing the parts of George, John, Paul, and Ringo to perform the tunes of The Beatles at the Warner Theatre.
The Beatles are one of the most beloved bands in the world, but most of the legendary group's fans never had a chance to see them perform live after the then-mop topped quartet stopped doing commercial tours after 1966. Unfortunately, it doesn't look like surviving members Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr will be coming to Erie, but local Beatles lovers can enjoy the Classic Mystery Tour with help from a symphonic orchestra.
The Erie Philharmonic will present Classic Mystery Tour Saturday, Sept. 13, a team of four musicians playing the parts of George, John, Paul, and Ringo to perform the tunes of The Beatles at the Warner Theatre. With some symphonic support from the talented team at the Phil, the Classic Mystery Tour men will recreate Beatles favorites like "Yesterday" with a full string section and perform "Penny Lane" with its iconic horn section.


text:
Der Distrikt Ganjam () befindet sich im Südosten des indischen Bundesstaats Odisha.
Verwaltungssitz ist die Stadt Chhatrapur.

Lage
Der Distrikt erstreckt sich über eine Fläche von 8206 km². Der Distrikt reicht von den Ostghats bis zur Küste des Golfs von Bengalen. Im Osten grenzt er an den Chilika-See. Im Süden grenzt er an Andhra Pradesh. Wichtigster Fluss im Distrikt ist die Rushikulya.

Geschichte
Der Distrikt existiert seit dem 1. April 1936. Er wurde nach der alten Stadtgründung und der europäischen Festung Ganjam, die beide am Nordufer der Rushikulya liegen, benannt.

Das Gebiet war früher Teil des antiken Königreichs Kalinga, das 261 v. Chr. von Ashoka besetzt wurde.
Während des Dritten Karnatischen Krieges beherrschte der französische Kommandeur de Bussy-Castelnau 1757 das Gebiet. 1759 wurden die Franzosen von den Engländern verdrängt und das Gebiet annektiert.
Am 1. April 1936 wurde Ganjam von der Präsidentschaft Madras abgetrennt und wurde Teil der neu gegründeten eigenständigen Provinz Orissa.

Einwohner
Beim Zensus 2011 betrug die Einwohnerzahl 3.529.031. Das Geschlechterverhältnis lag bei 983 Frauen auf 1000 Männer.
Die Alphabetisierungsrate belief sich auf 71,09 % (80,99 % bei Männern, 61,13 % bei Frauen).
98,78 % der Bevölkerung sind Anhänger des Hinduismus.

Verwaltungsgliederung
Der Distrikt besteht aus 3 Sub-Divisionen: Berhampur, Bhajanagar und Chhatrapur.

Zur Dezentralisierung der Verwaltung ist der Distrikt in 22 Blöcke unterteilt:

Des Weiteren gibt es 23 Tahasils:

Im Distrikt befinden sich neben der Municipal Corporation Berhampur folgende Notified Area Councils (NAC) als ULBs:

Außerdem sind 475 Gram Panchayats im Distrikt vorhanden.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Distrikt in Odisha

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Great Britain make sevens debut at Rugby Europe Moscow Sevens
from Rugby Europe
Two British teams took the field ahead of their Rio Olympic bid
Great Britain kicked off their 2016 Olympic sevens challenge by making their debut at the Rugby Europe Sevens Grand Prix in Moscow this weekend.
Two British sides entered the competition, GB Lions and GB Royals, filling the spots usually occupied by England and Wales.
Both Great Britain teams had impressive debuts on the Saturday, each topping difficult pools.
The Lions, featuring several of England and Wales' top players from the World Series, defeated Georgia (17-7) and Lithuania (42-0) before toppling hosts Russia in a tense 17-12 clash.
The Royals, including converts from the 15 man game Cory Allen and Joe Simpson, dominated Pool A with impressive victories over Portugal (14-7), Poland (28-7) and France (36-7).
In Sunday's action the Lions narrowly fell 15-17 to France in the Cup quarter-finals, pushing them into the Plate competition. Victories over Portugal and Georgia followed, as the GB Lions won the Plate Final 15-12.
The Royals were able to go one better than their countrymen, defeating Georgia 36-0 in the Cup quarter-final, before falling to a Russia side passionately cheered on by the home crowd. The Royals were able to end on a high, claiming third place by overcoming Germany in the Bronze Final.
Scotland's Mark Bennett was one of the stars of the weekend, scoring seven tries to finish as the tournament's top try scorer.
In the Cup Final, Russia ran out winners in front of their home crowd, comfortably defeating France 24-7. In Sunday's other games, Italy won the Bowl, overcoming Poland 21-12 in the final.
After an excellent start to the Sevens Grand Prix, both Russia and France have put themselves in a strong position to take the overall series title later in the year, while Great Britain will be looking for improved performances and build towards the Rio Olympics.
The next leg of the Rugby Europe Sevens Grand Prix is the Mitsubishi Motors Exeter Sevens at Sandy Park on 9-10 July, which will be LIVE-Streamed and free of charge at Rugby Europe TV, the digital streaming channel from Rugby Europe. For more details visit rugbyeurope.tv.
Follow all the sevens action on Twitter and Facebook using the hashtag #RugbyEurope, #7sGPS
More information on : http://www.rugbyeurope.eu/group-290.htm
Rugby Europe is the governing body responsible for the promotion, development, administration and management of international competitions for the 48 member unions across Europe. The association organizes over 70 international games and 16 rugby tournaments each year, among which the Men's European Nations Cups, U18 European Championships and the 7s' Grand Prix Series (men and women).
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