text:
3. Mina Loy's Feminist Designs
Artist, poet, playwright, novelist, inventor, and entrepreneur, Mina Loy (1882-1966) was a great innovator in feminist design. Her experimental writing, typified by radically new uses of language, typography, and page space, appeared primarily in little magazines, garnering attention for its bold feminism and innovative forms. She painted in oils and watercolors and created constructions (or "refusés," as she called them) out of debris she collected in the Bowery. She wrote poems, plays, fiction, essays, and found-conversation compilations. She designed lampshades, hats, and corsets, and invented household tools and posture devices. As Sasha Colby points out, Loy was a multimedia artist before the term even existed: "retrospectively applied," the term "is appropriate to Loy, who was herself a multimedia producer of text, watercolours, montage, and objets trouvés."1
Loy's poem as it appear alongside an illustration by Clara Tice in Rogue 2:1 (Aug. 15, 1915): 10.
Loy exhibited art in salons and galleries in Paris, Rome, and New York, and published two volumes in her lifetime:
Lunar Baedecker (sic) (Contact 1923), and
Lunar Baedeker & Time-Tables (Highlands 1958).
Her work in various genres and media also appeared in Paris salons, transatlantic magazines, and galleries in London, Paris, Rome, and New York. The small body of her posthumously published work includes:
Last Lunar Baedeker (1982),
Lost Lunar Baedeker (1996),
Stories and Essays of Mina Loy (2011),
and her edited novel, Insel (1991, 2014).
Abbreviations Key
Lunar Baedeker (Contact, 1923) – LB23
Lunar Baedeker & Timetables (Jonathan Williams, 1958) – LBT58
Last Lunar Baedeker (Jargon, 1982) – LLB82
Insel (Black Sparrow Press , 1991) – Insel
Lost Lunar Baedeker (Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1996) – LLB96
Stories & Essays (Dalkey Archive, 2011) – SE
Loy's unpublished writings, as well as her paintings, sculptures, constructions, lampshades, and designs, comprise a larger body of work. Much of the uncollected material is held in Yale's Beinecke Library (including the recently digitized Mina Loy Papers), while the visual art and some manuscripts reside with a number of private collectors. The location of other work remains unknown. Until recently, Loy's work has been difficult to access, and much remains outside the public view. Our website allows users to interact with selected artworks by Loy from Roger Conover's private collection, which have never before been published.
Complicating the issue of access, Loy's peripatetic career, which traverses multiple genres, media, continents, and avant-garde circles, does not fit neatly into the linear form of a traditional print monograph. She moved in the circles of Futurism, Dada, and Surrealism and migrated among major metropolitan centers of avant-garde activity, including Paris, Florence, Rome, New York, London, and Berlin, from the 1910s to the 1950s. As Carolyn Burke explains, "her transits describe not linear progress but a series of motions like the epicycles on the celestial maps in which she sought inspiration (Burke vii)."
A digital platform is an ideal stage for a study of Mina Loy and the avant-garde. The nonlinear, spatial affordances of a website provide more flexibility than a print monograph for mapping the coordinates of Loy's career. In addition, the interchange between visual, verbal, and performative dimensions of her work invites multimodal presentation and interpretation. A website enables users to choose different paths for situating her work in relation to biography, geography, history, and theories of the avant-garde, and to consult this digital Baedeker for guidance and interpretation. It also allows users to annotate unfolding arguments, follow links to other sites and sources, and participate in a dialogic process of scholarly inquiry.
This kind of interactive capacity underscores the specific contribution that the historical avant-garde—considered not just as a historical movement or subject but as a range of aesthetic experiments that drew on diverse media and profoundly altered the reading and viewing experience—can bring to the creation, curation, and reading of online environments. If a digital platform can enable non-linear reading and writing unconstrained by genre, geography, or period, then it may bring us closer to a post-canon literary studies that is not always reading women writers against a presumed norm for a genre, period, or movement but engages with their work on its own terms, within the texture of their lives and experiences. Digital scholarship may allow us to navigate new pathways for understanding and theorizing the early 20th century avant-garde in all its complexity and diversity.
Digital scholarship on Loy depends upon the groundbreaking work of previous print scholarship on Loy, which we survey in the next section.
Carolyn Burke, Becoming Modern: The Life of Mina Loy, Berkeley: U of California Press, 1997, p. 114.
Sections in this chapter:
1. The Work of Scholarship in the Age of Digital Production
2. Digital Humanities & Feminist Design
3. Mina Loy's Feminist Designs
4. Loy Studies Timetable
6. Loy Baedeker Roadmap
7. Works Cited
Next Section »


text:
Q: Remove a revoked Celery task According to the docs on task.revoke():

All worker nodes keeps a memory of revoked task ids, either in-memory or persistent on disk

And

Revoking tasks works by sending a broadcast message to all the workers, the workers then keep a list of revoked tasks in memory. When a worker starts up it will synchronize revoked tasks with other workers in the cluster.

This sounds like tasks are still around after you've revoked them. I don't understand why there's not a clear way to revoke the task and remove it from the queue.
The docs seem to imply you need to keep a list of revoked tasks indefinitely to ensure new workers don't pick them up in some circumstances.
I'm also aware that there's a function to completely purge the task queue, but that's not what I'm looking for.
Is there a way to revoke a task and purge it (and only it) from the task queue in Celery?

A: It is not possible to remove only one message in the queue other than removing them all with a purge or with a manual command in your broker.
However, you might not mind as a revoked task once processed by a worker is removed from the queue. So you don't have to maintain an eternal revoked id list.
You should keep an id on this list only while it has not been processed by a worker because the workers are busy or the task is scheduled for later.
The list should be persistent if all your workers could be stopped at the same time and you want to keep the flagged revoked tasks. Else, a new worker asks the already running workers about the tasks to flag as revoked.
Note: I analyzed a case with Redis as the broker and backend to get the answer. The task revoked was finally removed from the queue and visible as a result (marked as revoked).
Example:

*

*The task with id 'A' is pushed in the queue and scheduled for in 1 hour

*The task 'A' is revoke() so a message is sent to all workers to flag the task as revoked. The id is in the revoke list of each worker (cf in log Tasks flagged as revoked: A)

*The task 'A' is still in the queue waiting for its ETA

*After one hour, a worker executes the task. As the task is flagged as revoked, the worker does not execute the task but immediately writes the task result in the backend. The result says that the task is revoked (so not executed).

I don't know about the exact reason why you can't directly remove tasks from the queue. But my intuitions are:

*

*All the brokers might not allow removing an element in the middle of the queue

*Removing a task immediately and letting the task system consistent is maybe harder. And as the Celery team has a limited workforce, they don't want to support something complex if a simpler solution does the job

A: There is a tiny, nice section in the Celery documentation called "revoke: Revoking tasks" - please read it.
In short - default behaviour is to gracefully stop the task. Furthermore, the task may just be waiting in the queue, in which case revoke just removes it from the queue (simplest case). More complicated is when the task is already running... With terminate=True you tell Celery worker to send SIGINT to the worker process executing the task. But in some cases that may not work. - Just like you have "zombie processes" in Linux, you may have "zombie tasks" that are difficult to revoke (I know - it is not the best analogy, but you will get the point), in which case you revoke them with SIGKILL (by revoking with terminate=True, signal='SIGKILL'). Once revoke succeeds, you will not see the task in the queue.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Service Providers Name Ciena Leading Optical Vendor in IHS Markit Leadership Survey
2016 study reports service provider perceptions of optical equipment suppliers; Ciena claims top spot in key categories
HANOVER, Md. — January 11, 2017
The 2016 Optical Equipment Vendor Leadership Global Service Provider Survey by IHS Markit , a world leader in critical information, analytics and solutions, named Ciena® (NYSE: CIEN) the overall leader in six of the nine categories of its annual marketplace survey. Using online, telephone and in-person survey methods, the 2016 survey quantified the opinions of global service providers in an effort to answer the question: "What does the customer think?"
IHS Markit 2017 Optical Equipment Vendor Leadership Service Provider Survey Excerpts
Ciena was most cited as a leading supplier in key market categories, highlighting overall brand strength. The categories included: Optical Transmission and Switching, Data Center Interconnect (DCI), Packet-Optical Transport Systems (P-OTS) and Transport Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Control Plane.
Ciena's continued focus on software solutions, as well as its acquisition of Cyan, resulted in the company claiming the top spot in Transport SDN & Control Plane by a wide margin (14 percent above the next supplier).
Ciena made large gains in the DCI market, with 68 percent of respondents selecting the company as a leader. Though Ciena was also a leader in this category in last year's survey, the percentage increase in 2016 was large and took Ciena and the number two supplier in the category ahead of the rest of the group by a significant margin.
Survey respondents were also asked to name leaders for several supplier selection criteria.
Ciena was named an individual leader in Technology Innovation, Research and Development (R&D) investment and Solution Breadth.
Ciena tied for the leading position in the categories of Product Reliability, Service and Support and Management Software.
Ciena is perceived as having the broadest optical transmission portfolio, which includes everything from metro, long-haul to subsea, as well as DCI and SDN.
"While many factors go into purchasing decisions, how a customer evaluates a solution and its perception of a vendor is a critical piece of the puzzle. Our annual Optical Equipment Vendor Leadership Global Service Provider Survey aims to quantify service provider perceptions of vendor leadership in established and emerging segments of optical networking, as well as against key purchasing decision criteria. In this year's study, Ciena stood out as the top overall optical transmission and switching supplier."
- Heidi Adams, Senior Research Director, Transport Networks, IHS Markit
"It is a great honor to know that service providers perceive Ciena above all other vendors in the optical market. This recognition comes from the combination of high levels of customer trust, the strategic partnerships our team facilitates and how strongly our technology performs against the competition in the marketplace. In 2017, we will continue to deliver innovative, differentiated offerings and reinforce the value of software as a driver of openness and choice."
- Francois Locoh-Donou, Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, Ciena
Ciena (NYSE: CIEN) is a network strategy and technology company. We translate best-in-class technology into value through a high-touch, consultative business model – with a relentless drive to create exceptional experiences measured by outcomes. For updates on Ciena, follow us on Twitter @Ciena,LinkedIn, the Ciena Insights blog, or visit www.ciena.com.
Results based on IHS Markit Inc. Optical Equipment Vendor Leadership Service Provider Survey: 2 December 2016. Your experiences may vary. This data is not an endorsement of Ciena and all results are "as is". Any reliance on the results is at third party's own risk. Visit www.technology.ihs.com for more details.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A score of 2 means that resident's in Parsons, KS have access to speeds that are less than par in Kansas. Don't expect to be streaming 4k videos on multiple devices, but don't fret because your internet choices could be worse.
Parsons, KS has a total of 15 Internet providers including 4 Cable providers, 3 DSL providers, 4 Fiber providers, 4 Fixed Wireless providers and 2 Satellite providers.
The table below shows the available plans and pricing for HughesNet in Parsons, KS.
The table below shows the available plans and pricing for Exede in Parsons, KS.
The table below shows the available plans and pricing for AT&T U-verse in Parsons, KS.
The table below shows the available plans and pricing for Cox Communications in Parsons, KS.
The table below shows the available plans and pricing for Mediacom Communications Corp. in Parsons, KS.
The table below shows the available plans and pricing for Cable One in Parsons, KS.
The table below shows the available plans and pricing for EarthLink in Parsons, KS.
The table below shows the available plans and pricing for Pixius Communications in Parsons, KS.
The average cost per month for internet in Parsons, KS is $28.46.
There are 15 internet providers in all of Parsons, KS.
Parsons, KS offers the highest speed of 1,000 mbps with Cable One.
The lowest price for internet in Parsons, KS is $29.95 with EarthLink.
Parsons, KS is located within Labette county.


On days when my thermostat (or, you know…my iPhone) reads higher than 85 degrees, the last thing I can be bothered with is crafting an actual outfit. The solution to these hot, sticky, summer afternoons? Easy, soft and casual one-piece uniforms. Whether it's a maxi skirt (forget shaving!) or a romper (I've been wearing them since I was a wee toddler and they've never done me wrong), the girl in me loves a comfortable, neutral piece for those sweaty (or hungover, or bloated) summer days.


text:
@interface PodsDummy_Pods_DictateSRS : NSObject
@end
@implementation PodsDummy_Pods_DictateSRS
@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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custom made dog toys fully squeaky promotional s bone toy.


Legend of Foster - The story of a foster golden cherry tomato plant!
Back in the spring of 2017, a small golden cherry tomato plant asked to be fostered in my annual veggie garden. My son Mark and his girlfriend Sarah had overbought plants for their apartment garden, and the little tomato was dying a neglected death. Sure, I said, what was one more little plant among the many other veggies that we usually planted in our easterly hillside planter box garden. Mark had to nurse it back to halfway healthy before we could even attempt to transplant it. We finally placed the struggling growth in our nourishing ground and hoped for the best. I decided that Foster was a most fitting name for the little tomato plant.
A week later, Foster was thriving. His trunk became sturdy, and his branches spread nicely. His improving green appearance demonstrated he was determined to catch up to his relatives next door, which had been given a head start by at least a couple of weeks. He became the first tomato to require a support cage and the first to display a bounty of flowers. I had to pinch back his side branches several times because he was infringing on the space of others.
Foster didn't care. He moved right in on the neighboring pole bean trellis, draping his arms over the growing vines. The pole beans reciprocated by winding and weaving their tentacles through and around Foster's ever-expanding branches. My interference and trimming didn't faze either plant. They were determined to join forces in support of each other. The same became true of the heirloom tomato plant on Foster's other side. I decided to quit fussing so as to allow the determined growths to do what came naturally.
Time passed, and Foster and his neighbors flourished. It became clear that this year's crops had minds of their own, especially after the California winter that had blessed us with so much rain. The pole beans grew taller than they'd ever been, and Foster had no trouble keeping up. He dwarfed the other tomato plants, which were substantial in their own right. His branches were soon bursting with sweet yellow cherries, limbs now woven into the very fabric of and draping over his neighbors.
Once his branches draped down to the ground, they changed course and headed back upstream. One could harvest on a daily basis. He and his pole bean friend required harvest by ladder, a first for our little garden. I was delivering a new container of cherry tomatoes to Mark almost on a daily basis. Foster stood proud of his offspring and their excellent quality.
Now it's close to Thanksgiving, and I'm ready to retire this year's garden. But no! Foster has other plans. He's looking weathered on the inside, but he's still flourishing on the outside. His branches are still strong and growing, and there are still dozens of cherries to pick. I fear the colder weather will make it difficult for Foster's offspring to ripen, so on Thanksgiving, we will pick his fruit for the last time and put him to rest. It will be sad to see him go. He was such a vital contributor to this year's garden treasures.
But I have hope that he will live on. We're leaving a few of his offspring on the ground. Hopefully in the spring, their seeds will unfold from their winter's rest to sprout a new generation of sweet yellow cherry tomatoes. At that point, they will no longer be fosters in my garden, but they just might move on to be fosters for others.
You're a legend, sweet Foster. It's been a pleasure.


Total solar eclipses occur when the moon completely covers the sun, as seen from Earth.
Partial solar eclipses can be observed when only the lunar penumbra (the partially shaded outer region of the shadow cast by an object) touches the Earth.
Annular solar eclipses occur when the Moon appears smaller than the Sun as it passes centrally across the solar disk and a bright ring, or annulus, of sunlight remains visible during the eclipse.
Hybrid solar eclipses – are a rare form of solar eclipse, which changes from an annular to a total solar eclipse along its path.
The most spectacular are the total eclipses. It matters a lot and areas on Earth where Eclipse has the greatest visibility and influence because it will be more consistent for all people and creatures who live in these areas.
First of all is very important if solar eclipse has visibility over the location where we live. In case you have visibility of it, then you should know in witch house of your natal chart is working eclipse influence. Usually significant changes occur in that area of life and you should not be afraid, it's best to be responsive and try to act by accepting changes. Change is part of life, without it life would not run its natural course.
The zodiac sign in which Solar Eclipse takes place shows the typed of activities where the change is possible. Also, it is important at which degree is placed because it can gives you a clue about a beginning (in the first 5th degrees), a middle (everything between) or an ending (in the last 5th degrees) event that can take place.
Solar Eclipses are coming in pairs, as you can see in the list, above. These pairs are working together and they have a longer influence than it seems.
A Solar Eclipse has a greater influence for men because Sun is the simbol of masculine, yang energy.
In your first natal house: possible change in your personality or physical appearance and a deep desire for an inner balance. Some people experience identity crises or self-doubts as part of the growth process. A negative reaction blocks growth potentials and gives rise to arrogance and self-gratification. People that are too satisfied with their "self" as they are, fail to recognize what they have become.
In your second natal house: change in your material and financial values, it is a good time to think about the true nature of money and what do you need in your life. Also it is possible to show a closing of a financial cycle, like payment of a debt.Excessive ego may prompt a person's attempt to increase income by expanding resources while another person may try to amass assets for savings or other security means.
In your third natal house: more awareness of the importance of how you communicate with others or maybe you are thinking to change something in education or learning process or possible change in your projects plans. Also an important event should occur in your environment (family, relatives or neighborhood). Self-satisfaction is likely to be achieved through learning and teaching. Intellectual pursuit might take on various forms, and the effort is rewarded with a increased aware of the personal environment.
In your fourth natal house: Important events may occur in your family and house environment. Maybe your family, your parents need more help from you or you should renovate or change something in your house. A Solar Eclipse may be the impetus to move to another location. Change and adjustment are often necessary in order to satisfy the your emotional needs.
In your fifth natal house: everything regarding your love life, creativity and your children may attract your attention. Sometimes there is a possibility to find out good news about a new entering of a child in your life. A balance of give and take is essential in your love relationships. Too much of one or the other tends to block potential growth.
In your sixth natal house: There may occur significant changes in your work environment (an important project or you will play a special role in your work) or in your health states (change in lifestyle to get a better health). Finding positive ways to improve cooperation between co-workers can also have a lasting impact on one's health.
In your seventh natal house: People from your partnerships (marriage, long love relationship, concubinage, business, employers) may ask you for compromise or you need to negotiate your status. The Solar Eclipse strengthens relationships that are solid and satisfying while disbanding relationships that are unbalanced or unrewarding. Harmony and balance are important to emotional growth.
In your eighth natal house: May occur changes in your spouse's income, in management of your family investments, taxes, debts, insurance & pensions. But maybe there should be opportunities for further gains.The individual's motivation may depend upon your own level of growth attained to the stage of life.
In your ninth natal house: A new start in your education or a change in your relationship with everything is linked with foreign countries (travel, education, business and so on), news about a trial where you are involved.
In your tenth natal house: From your professional and social environments you should get some news, changes or even opportunities to show your skills and talents. You may look for tangible evidence (pay increase, promotion, public publicity, etc.) that his/her efforts are being rewarded and as a display of success.
In your eleventh natal house: Some changes may occur due to your friendships and group activities. New friends are coming and maybe old friends are going out from your life.
In your twelve natal house: It is time for relaxation and more time spend with yourself. At home or in a discrete environment, away from your town. Take care also of your health, try to pay more attention to chronic disease, if it is the case. Fears and repressed desires can manifest and also deceptive tendencies during the influence of the Solar Eclipse.
General advice regardless your natal Sign or Ascendant: If you perceive influence of an eclipse as a crisis, if you change the attitude you can get an opportunity. But you can see this opportunity only if you let go your fears and mental obstacles. Be more aware of what is happening to you and around you, so you you will know for sure what you have to do whatever experiences you live!
I wish you happy solar eclipses!


(NIDAHASA News) Otara Gunawardena, the visionary founder of Odel fashion chain has disposed all her shares in the company this morning.
The 50-year-old entrepreneur along with her family members have sold out their 44.5 percent of shares for about 2.6 billion rupees to the Softlogic group, officials said.
In a statement, Otara explained her move as an essential step to take the renowned fashion chain in to the "next level".
"This requires the entry of a larger player with a deep commitment to retailing: which I believe can best be provided by the Softlogic Group, which has a proven history of dynamism and perhaps an unrivaled track record of such operations in Sri Lanka," statement said.
Otara, in her statement, said that she is hoping this move will allow her to devote more time and energy into her animal welfare project, Embark.


Celebrate Halloween! - ReadWriteThink

Students research information on Halloween, create masks or costumes from a text they are reading, or write a narrative essay describing their best Halloween ever.

 www.readwritethink.org Students research information on Halloween, create masks or costumes from a text they are reading, or write a narrative essay describing their best Halloween ever.

Halloween is a time for math lesson fun as students explore pumpkins, spiders and webs.

 www.educationworld.com Halloween is a time for math lesson fun as students explore pumpkins, spiders, and webs.

Carve a pumpkin without all the mess!
 bloompetals.com BLOOMPETALS provides free ecards and games featuring all of your favorite BLOOMPETALS characters. Great for kids and adults, our cute cards help you connect on that special birthday or just let someone know that you are thinking of them.

Fun interactive printable Halloween coloring pages for kids to color online. Halloween color page readers - great for beginner readers and ESL readers. Pics make great mouse practice for toddlers, preschool kids, and elementary students. Our coloring page readers are part of the learn-to-read, read-to-me series of reading games.

 www.apples4theteacher.com Fun interactive printable Halloween coloring pages for kids to color online. Halloween color page readers - great for beginner readers and ESL readers. Pics make great mouse practice for toddlers, preschool kids, and elementary students. Our coloring page readers are part of the learn-to-read, read-to-me series of reading games.

Free interactive Halloween Crossword puzzle. Halloween puns and Halloween riddles complete this spooky interactive game for kids.

 www.apples4theteacher.com Free interactive Halloween Crossword puzzle. Halloween puns and Halloween riddles complete this spooky interactive game for kids.

Build-a-Monster!

Students learn about the human body by building a monster.

 www.spongelab.com Build-a-Monster!

Horror themed fonts.
 www.dafont.com Archive of freely downloadable fonts. Browse by alphabetical listing, by style, by author or by popularity.

Halloween Themed Fonts

 www.dafont.com Archive of freely downloadable fonts. Browse by alphabetical listing, by style, by author or by popularity.


Sendak's infatuation with Lotor had lasted a long, long while.
All he knew was that he had worked hard for a long time to get Lotor in his grasp and he would sooner die than he would give him up. Who would willingly lose someone as valuable as he?
Lotor, the poor thing, had no idea why he had been chosen or even who his abductor was. Had they met before? Was he supposed to remember him?
It hardly mattered what old relations were, whether relevant or not.
All that mattered was that Sendak finally found his prized possession.
It was no surprise that he wanted to keep him.
Updates on Wednesday every week.
With Android-Human marriage legalized, Hank makes a serious, life-changing decision with Connor.
This is the case for Fujiki Yusaku and Kogami Ryoken.
dave has a vivid nightmare about klaus dying. it's so incredibly extensive that it feels real, and the nightmare seems to go on for ages. dave is afraid of losing klaus more than ever now.
note: this is quite short and a bit rushed but it's my first post on here. please feel free to critique!
There were times when he just wanted, simply, to be in love and forget about the world...but at some point, it became reality that nothing could truly be solved so easily.


A thorough knowledge of all specifications guarantees swift processing of quotations and production of pre-serial samples for each public tender. Evaluation of cost-prices are done tender by tender guaranteeing you very competitive prices in function of estimated volumes & duration of contract. Since we have our own in-house laboratory equipped with state-of-art testing devices, we are able sending technical datasheets and certificates of conformity upon request any time.


text:
Circumcizia (în ), - a tăia împrejur, peritomie post-ectomie - se referă, în general, la ablația chirurgicală a prepuțului, pliul cutan care acoperă glandul penian, situat la extremitatea penisului. Anumite surse menționează posibile funcții fiziologice ale prepuțului de a proteja uretra și sensibilitatea glandului penian, ferindu-le de iritații provocate de urină, materii fecale sau alți eventuali factori nocivi străini. Circumcizia este considerată de către anumite enciclopedii a fi o formă de mutilare genitală. Circumcizia nu este o intervenție chirurgicală fără riscuri: complicațiile apar la unul din 500 din bebelușii supuși intrevenției, și deși majoritatea acestor complicații sunt minore uneori apar și complicații serioase gen infecții sau răniri ale penisului; de exemplu, în anul 2000 s-a anunțat în SUA că între 1996 și 2000 peste 100 de răniri ale penisului au fost provocate cu ocazia circumciziei bebelușilor, în majoritate din cauza unor instrumente medicale defectuoase sau nepotrivite. Morbiditatea și mortalitatea provocată de procedura circumciziei este o realitate probabil tot atât de veche ca și practica însăși, așa cum sugerează chiar legea religioasă atunci când enunță scutirea de circumcizie a pruncului evreu ai cărui doi frați au decedat anterior din cauza circumciziei. Se fac circumcizii (incizii operatorii circulare, sau qvasi-circulare) și asupra altor organe care necesită o astfel de intervenție.

Prin extensie, termenul circumcizie poate să se refere și la înlăturarea pe motive religioase a unei porțiuni din organul sexual femeiesc; într-o astfel de situație se vorbește despre circumcizie masculină și circumcizie feminină. În multe țări occidentale, circumcizia feminină este fie ilegală, fie violent criticată ca fiind o formă de mutilare barbară, deși unii antropologi consideră astfel de decizii legale sau critici morale ar fi bazate pe puțină cunoaștere, și motivate mai mult de rasism: până nu de mult, în chiar țările care azi permit circumcizia masculină în timp ce interzic prin lege circumcizia feminină, precum e cazul cu Statele Unite ale Americii,  nu era deloc o practică rară, obsesia occidentală contra circumciziei feminine în lumea a treia nefiind de fapt decât un mijloc de a deturna atenția opiniei publice de la niște forme de opresie a femeilor tiermondiste mult mai presante și letale, cum e de exemplu lipsă de proprietate asupra terenului agricol, lipsa de apă potabilă și alimente, războaiele, seceta și izolarea internațională, dar din păcate întotdeauna Occidentului îi e mai ușor să se opună riturilor altora, decât propriilor lui fapte rele.

Se recurge la circumcizie din motive rituale, de medicină preventivă, de medicină terapeutică (spre exemplu fimoza și parafimoza, care pot ajunge - ca boală acută, care necesită o intervenție - la o incidență de 8% la bărbații care nu fuseseră circumciși,<ref>Stuart, R.: Encylopedia of Phimosis - Statistics, http://www.male-initiation.net/statistics.html</ref> balanitele (balanita (simplă), balanita xerotică obliterantă, balanopostita), infecții cronice ale tractului urinar, etc.Huang, Craig J: Problems of the foreskin and glans penis, J. Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine 10:1, pp. 56-59, 2009, http://www.clinpedemergencymed.com/article/S1522-8401(09)00012-3/abstract.), psihotice (cazul teroristului japonez Kozo Okamoto care, consecutiv participării la un atac terorist sângeros în incinta aeroportului "Ben Gurion" (Tel-Aviv) și deținut în condiții de izolare în Israel s-a auto-circumcis cu dinții pe motiv că vrea să devină evreu; alte surse susțin că japonezul s-a mutilat mai degrabă c-o unghieră, decât cu dinții.) ș.a.

Academia americană de pediatrie declară că "circumcizia este considerată o procedură foarte sigură (lipsită de riscuri) atât pentru nou-născuți cât și pentru ceilalți copii (în ), însă nu recomandă extinderea procedurii la toată populația masculină a Statelor Unite, întrucât beneficiile nu sunt suficient de mari pentru așa ceva (maladiile a căror incidență e redusă într-o oarecare măsură prin circumcizie au deja o incidență scăzută chiar și la bărbații necircumciși, în timp ce educația în materie de igienă și comportament sexual e ea însăși de natură să prevină aceste maladii rare într-o manieră în care circumcizia nu poate.. Nu trebuie pierdut din vedere faptul că organismele de sănătate americane care consideră azi circumcizia o procedură cu anumite virtuți în prevenția infecțiilor, în trecut au recomandat aceeași intervenție chirurgicală pe criterii azi abandonate, precum prevenția masturbării, dar și a unei lungi liste de maladii printre care și diareea, și constipația: circumcizia părea bună la toate. În această privință se poate spune că poziția organismelor de sănătate americane ține și ea de-un excepționalism, cât timp organismele de sănătate din celelalte democrații industriale n-au adoptat o astfel de poziție. Nu trebuie pierdută din vedere nici posibilitatea ca interesul material să explice o bună parte din entuziasmul medicinei americane pentru circumcizie În acest context merită amintit faptul jenant că deși în SUA circumcizia se practică de mai bine de jumătate de secol pe mai mult de jumătate dintre copii de sex masculin, țara rămâne cea mai lovită de flagelul SIDA și în general al maladiilor transmisibile sexual, între toate națiunile dezvoltate"În Statele Unite au loc mai multe decese violente decât în orice altă națiune dezvoltată; faptul se datorează în parte gradului mare de răspândire al armelor de foc în populație. […] Populația Statelor Unite suferă de asemenea și de un număr mai mare de persoane decedate din cauza drogurilor, de o mortalitate infantilă mai ridicată și de un procent mai ridicat de indivizi infectați cu virusul responsabil de maladia SIDA decât există în celelalte țări dezvoltate analizate. Rezultatul este că speranța de viață a bărbaților americani este cea mai mică din grupul de 17 țări dezvoltate analizate […] Țările analizate sunt Canada, Japonia, Australia și majoritatea statelor Europei occidentale." - Violence plays role in shorter US life expectancy (Update 2), 9 ianuarie 2013 by Kevin Freking in Health http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-01-violence-role-shorter-life.html, acest fapt ilustrând în mod grăitor câtă valoare medicală are de fapt circumcizia. Circumcizia rămâne de aceea chiar și în SUA, o procedură foarte controversată.

Organizația Mondială a Sănătății recomandă organelor medicale din țările endemice cu SIDA și cu alte boli transmisibile sexual să practice circumcizia populației masculine pentru a reduce morbiditatea și mortalitatea. Această metodă s-a dovedit eficientă în cercetările efectuate pe o populație heterosexuală din Africa (zona subsahariană), cu o reducere a morbidității de 38%-66% la doi ani după aplicare  și la un cost preferențial Medicii consideră că suprafața internă a prepuțului reprezintă o zonă prin care virusul responsabil de SIDA poate intra în organism, în contrast cu pielea glandului si restul penisului, care este mai rezistentă la penetrarea HIV. Unele studii au arătat însă că prevalența infecției cu HIV este aproape identică la bărbații circumciși și necircumciși, în măsura în care cei din urmă au o bună igienă a penisului (măsurată prin prezența sau absența acumulărilor lichide și semilichide între gland si fața internă a prepuțului), în special după relațiile sexuale.

Toate declarațiile organismelor de sănătate în favoarea circumciziei pleacă însă de la ideea că procedura este efectuată în condiții de igienă corespunzătoare, fără de care aceasta se poate transforma dintr-un instrument de medicină preventivă într-un risc de moarte pentru cei cărora li se practică intervenția fără atenția cuvenită prevenției infecțiilor. Comisia de sănătate a statului New York, de exemplu, e pe punctul de a impune obligația pentru cel care efectuează circumcizia apelând la practica evreilor ultra-ortodocși de a suge sângele cu gura după tăierea prepuțului să prevină părinții că o astfel de procedură presupune riscuri de infecție, leziuni ale creierului și chiar de moarte. Medicii new-yorkezi susțin că această procedură în ultimii 10 ani doar, a dus la infectarea a 11 copii cu herpes, 2 dintre aceștia decedând în urma infecției, alți 2 suferind leziuni cerebrale. (the economist, september 15th 2012, p. 57, circumcision - odd bedfellows, http://www.economist.com/node/21562905); Deși mulți rabini hasidici new-yorkezi afirmă că nu vor respecta noul regulament, rabinul Gerald Skolnik, șeful Adunării rabinice (organizație a evreilor conservatori) a salutat inițiativa autorităților medicale new-yorkeze, spunând că aspirarea orală (meziza b'peh) a apărut într-o epocă de slabe cunoștințe medicale și că aceasta nu este o condiție cerută de legea evreiască.

La nivel global aproximativ unei treimi din populația masculină i s-a practicat circumcizia (the economist, september 15th 2012, p. 57, circumcision - odd bedfellows), la circa 60% din populația masculină circumcisă motivarea fiind rituală, față de circa 40% circumciși din motive nereligioase. În SUA, de exemplu, unde circumcizia se face în general pentru motive nereligioase, inițial circumcizia era făcută din convingerea că aceasta împiedică masturbarea, care în epocă era considerată un viciu; ideea are o origine veche, de la filozoful și medicul evreu medieval Maimonide încă, care considera că circumcizia "[…] reduce pornirea spre actul sexual și slăbește organul" ("bring about a decrease in sexual intercourse and a weakening of the organ in question" - the economist, september 15th 2012, p. 57, circumcision - odd bedfellows); după abandonarea acestei idei, în ultimele decenii circumcizia tinde să fie făcută la americani pentru virtuțile de medicină preventivă ale intervenției.

Oponenții circumciziei subliniază riscurile procedurii (se consideră că cele mai multe circumcizii la musulmani sunt practicate de membri ai familiei, iar în multe țări africane circumcizia provoacă uneori consecințe tragice; până și la evrei, unde procedura este efectuată de specialiști religioși (mohelim), ea rămâne încă tot o chirurgie efectuată de amatori, întrucât puțini sunt mohelim care dețin o diplomă sau pregătire în domeniul medical; criticii doresc de aceea interzicerea circumciziei copiilor de vârstă mică pe motive religioase, pe care ei o consideră un abuz traumatic și anacronic asupra integrității fizice a copiilor.

 Circumcizia rituală

Circumcizia rituală este o practică multimilenară. La popoarele semitice (musulmani, evrei) ea reprezintă o formă de sacrificiu și de pactare prin sânge cu divinitatea.

Perceptele îi impun tatălui să-și circumcidă fiul, dar pe motive de neîndemânare care pot fi dăunătoare, tatăl are dreptul să-i transmită această sarcină unui specialist.

 Origini

Primele menționări ale circumciziei au fost picturale, în morminte ale Egiptului antic, atestând că această practică rituală se făcea deja acum 4500 de ani, însă egiptenii au practicat probabil circumcizia cu mult timp înaintea acestui moment,Egyptian mummies from 2300 BCE. were found circumcised and earlier wall paintings suggest that the practice began long before. pproximately one-sixth of the world's men today are circumcised; - Citation source (MLA 7th Edition): "Circumcision." Mark Popovsky. Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion. Ed. David A. Leeming, Kathryn Madden and Stanton Marlan. New York: Springer, 2010. pp.153-154. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 23 Sep. 2012., probabil din motivații care țin de obsesia lor cu puritatea.

Ecouri despre circumcizia în antichitate avem și din alte locuri în afară de Egipt, practica fiind pomenită în scrisuri provenite din Grecia și Roma anticăWrana,P.: Historical review: Circumcision, pp. 385-392, Archives of Pediatrics vol. 56, 1939.Gollaher, David L.: Circumcision: A History of the World's Most Controversial Surgery, pp.53-72 publ. Basic Books, New York, NY, 2000. ISBN 978-0-465-04397-2. De exemplu Herodot anunță prin secolul al V-lea î.e.n. că egiptenii se diferențiau de alte popoare pentru că erau circumciși, și că unii vecini ai Egiptului, precum sirienii, au adoptat și ei practica. Printre acei vecini care au adoptat circumcizia, probabil se aflau și evreii.

 La evrei

Ritualul circumciziei este o cerință importantă a legii religioase (iudaismului), însă nu circumcizia face evreul cât nașterea: circumcis sau nu, la evreii ortodocși, în perioada modernă, individul născut dintr-o mamă evreică este și el pe de-antregul evreu. Copilul născut din părinți evrei dar necircumcis i se poate refuza totuși, de către rabini, integrarea (recunoașterea ca membru) în comunitatea evreiască, cu tot ce înseamnă asta în termeni de drepturi și responsabilități.

Conform Bibliei (Facerea, cap. 17), aceasta reprezintă legământul de sânge al poporul evreu cu Dumnezeu, însă semnificația circumciziei depășește chestiunea legământului, fiind legată de credința că practica asigură cumva fertilitatea celor care o practică.

Practica iudaică impune circumcizia în a 8-a zi de la naștere, chiar și în timpul celor mai sfinte sărbători, cu excepția unor impedimente medicale: icterul noului născut, cazuri de hemofilie în familie și alte situații în care decizia medicului este - în general - absolută și definitivă. Practica iudaică impune fie presarea zonei pentru ieșirea sângelui, fie sugerea sângelui cu gura sau printr-o altă metodă indirectă (aspirarea orală, în ) de către mohel, specialistul în circumcizii, imediat după tăierea prepuțului, probabil, pentru a exprima o picătură de sânge, deoarece datorită vascularizării prepuțiale sărace lipsa acestei picături ar contraveni datinei. Aspirarea orală când se face cu gura, e considerată de către anumite organisme medicale a fi cauza potențială de infecții virale, care la rândul lor pot produce leziuni cerebrale sau moartea pruncului, așa cum s-a raportat că s-a întâmplat la New York. Comisia de sănătate a statului New York e (la data de 15 septembrie 2012) pe punctul de a impune obligația pentru cel care efectuează circumcizia apelând la sugerea sângelui direct cu gura după tăierea prepuțului să prevină părinții că o astfel de procedură presupune riscuri de infecție și leziuni ale creierului sau chiar de moarte; în New-York doar această procedură în ultimii 10 ani a dus la infectarea a 11 copii cu herpes, 2 dintre aceștia decedând în urma infecției, alți 2 suferind leziuni cerebrale. (the economist, september 15th 2012, p. 57, circumcision - odd bedfellows, http://www.economist.com/node/21562905). Aspirarea orală poate fi responsabilă nu numai de infecții virale potențial mortale, cum a fost cazul herpesului la New York, ci și infecții bacteriene: în aprilie 1881 de exemplu, în Baden (Germania) patru copii de sex masculin circumciși de un rabin care a folosit aspirația orală au dezvoltat pe penis ulcere provocate de bacteria responsabilă de sifilis, fapt care a obligat autoritățile sanitare locale să intervină; nu s-a putut determina totuși cu precizie dacă sifilisul a fost transmis copiilor la circumicize prin aspirația orală propriu-zisă, sau mai degrabă prin folosirea unghiei de către rabin la îndepărtarea membranei mucoase pentru dezvelirea coroanei glandului (corona), aceasta fiind o altă practică discutabilă din punct de vedere igienic.

Uneori procedura se face prin intermediul unei țevi subțiri de sticlă sterilizabilă, iar picătura de sânge rămâne pe locul inciziei, fără contact direct cu gura "mohelului"; instrumentul a cărei menire era prevenția transmiterii infecțiilor, a fost introdus prima oară în Germania în ultima decadă a secolului al XIX-lea. Practica mețița b'peh a constituit și mai constituie încă un argument al celor care se opun circumciziei pe considerente de igienă: transmiterea herpesului și altor maladii infecțiose, pe care pruncul le poate contracta însă și intra-uterin sau în timpul trecerii prin canalul de naștere. Unele surse sugerează că majoritatea evreilor contemporani chiar și când apelează la practica tradițională a aspirației (mețița b'peh), preferă s-o facă printr-o metodă indirectă și nu direct cu gura.

În perioada elenistică, mulți evrei din orașe (unde aculturația a fost importantă) apelau la operația de restaurare a prepuțului ca să participe fără complexe la concursurile de atletism, unde în anumite probe sportivii concurau complet dezbrăcați.

În secolul al XIX-lea câțiva scriitori din iudaismul reformei, influențați de iluminism fiind, au considerat circumcizia un gest irațional, militând pentru înlocuirea sau abolirea ei. O minoritate a evreilor membrii ai iudaismului reformei au încetat să mai aplice ritualul (procedura) copiilor lor, însă erudiții iudaismului au continuat să pledeze pentru menținerea tradiției, scoțând în evidență virtuțile ei în termeni de igienică. Abandonarea ritului circumciziei la copii lor a fost prevalentă în special printre medicii evrei din lumea germanofonă a secolului al XIX-lea și era motivată de temeri de ordin medical Aceștia erau și ei influențați ca toate straturile cultivate ale populației Germaniei de noile valori liberale ca și de noile cunoștințe din medicină: era începutul medicalizării, al scrupulelor morale și al încercărilor statului proaspăt unificat de a suda națiunea în jurul unor valori comune; într-un astfel de context acești intelectuali și profesioniști evrei, împărtășind și ei din ce în ce mai mult valorile și ideile mediului majoritar protestant și german, au ales să respingă ritul circumciziei, mai ales acela în forma lui tradițională care apela la aspirarea orală, din temeri medicale sau posibil și din scupule morale: conotația sexuală a sugerii penisului copilului cu gura începea să fie percepută a fi problematică din punct de vedere etic.

Azi, sunt unii evrei nontradiționaliști care dispută necesitatea circumciziei, pledând fie pentru abolirea ritului, fie pentru înlocuirea lui cu ceremonii comparabile care celebrează nașterea unei fete.

În Israel mulți evrei laici preferă medici chirurgi în loc de mohel și acești medici fac circumcizia cu ritual sau fără.

Circumcizia practicată în tradiția evreiască comportă anumite particularități care o separă de aceea din islam sau anumite tradiții africane, fapt care o face subiect de dezbatere între iudaismul progresiv și cel tradițional. Nivelul de durere provocat de circumcizia făcută în perioada neonatală, așa cum se întâmplă în tradiția evreiască, este sever: nivelul de cortizol (principalul hormon de stres) în plasma bebelușilor supuși circumciziei crește de două ori și jumătate față de normal, asta chiar și sub efectul unei injecții de lignocaină (un anestezic). În jurnalul The Lancet din 8 aprilie 1995, Vol. 345, No. 8954, p.927 pediatrul Paul Fleiss declara că acest nivel de cortizol al bebelușilor supuși circumciziei e comparabil cu cel al victimelor torturii. Circumcizia bebelușilor este atât de dureroasă că a devenit un model pentru analiza durerii și răspunsului la stres al nou-născuților. Ca reacție la stresul copleșitor provocat de procedura circumciziei, unii bebeluși cad într-o stare letargică, semicomatoasă, pe care naiv, unii părinți o confundă cu somnul. În contrast cu circumcizia făcută la vârste ale copilului mai mari cum se întâmplă în general la musulmani, când circumcizia este făcută la sugari așa cum e ea de obicei la evrei, provoacă o durere mai mare care dureaza și mai mult timp. M. Fitzgerald  a arătat că sistemul nervos al sugarului diferă de cel al adultului și al copilului mai în vârstă, astfel încât ceea ce ar constitui un stimul inofensiv sau ușor la un copil mai mare sau un adult, la un sugar este perceput ca durere. Circumcizia precoce, așa cum este ea efectuată în tradiția evreiască, este mai dureroasă și din alte puncte de vedere decât cele legate de particularitățile sistemului nervos al sugarului în raport cu acela al adultului sau copilului ieșit din perioada neonatală (de nou născut): cercetătorii spun că din cauza anatomiei penisului, cu cât o circumcizie se face la o vârstă mai mică, cu atât ea este mai dureroasă; în perioada neonatală doar 4 procente dintre bebeluși au prepuțul retractabil, în timp ce la 3 ani deja 90 la sută dintre copii au căpătat un prepuț retractabil; acest fapt se traduce prin realitatea că la 96 procente dintre bebelușii evrei, la circumcizie li se va rupe prepuțul din legătura lui cu glandul, asta în afară de tăierea legăturilor acestuia cu baza glandului (circumcizia propriu-zisă). La copii de 3 ani și mai mult, doar 10 la sută dintre ei suferă acest supliment de durere, ținând cont că prepuțul este atunci în 90 la sută dintre cazuri retractabil. Suferința provocată de circumcizia la vârste foarte mici conduce la o restructurare a sistemului nervos, care are drept consecință o intensificare a răspunsului comportamental la stimuli dureroși ulteriori, ca și cum sistemul nervos a fost sensibilizat. Cercetătorii  au constatat că răspunsul la durere al copiilor vaccinați este semnificativ mai mare la copii circumciși în raport cu cei necircumciși, asta chiar și la o distanță de câteva luni dupa procedură.

Circumcizia radicală, așa cum este ea efectuată în tradiția evreiască în contrast cu cea musulmană, deși traumatizantă mai ales când e efectuată la vârste mici, își are originea în temerile clasei preoțești<ref>"În mintea preoților permanența semnului aplicat la vârstă fragedă era importantă pentru a ține evreii să nu dezerteze comunitatea. Într-adevăr, procedura însăși a devenit mai drastică, îndepărtând o mai mare porțiune a prepuțului, pentru a face sigur faptul că cei circumciși la vârsta nou-născutului nu vor fi capabili să scape de identitatea lor evreiască. Și aceștia aveau ample motive ca să dorească să scape: după ce Alexandru cel Mare a cucerit Orientul apropiat între 334 și 331 î.H., cultura greacă s-a bucurat de o mare popularitate în comunitatea evreiască, fapt încurajat de Alexandru însuși ca și de succesorii lui. Circumcizia, ca formă de mutilare a formei naturale a omului, viola estetica grecească. Mai mult, grecii organizau concursuri de atletism în care participanții apăreau complet dezbrăcați. Standardul grec de modestie prescria ca prepuțul să acopere glandul. Un gland vizibil la un bărbat necircumcis era considerat a fi un semn de excitare sexuală și de aceea nepotrivit în arena sportivă. […] Cutumele grecești în materie îi puneau pe evreii circumciși într-un jenant dezavantaj în băile publice, meciurile de lupte și în general competițiile sportive. Pentru a compensa situația, atleții evrei "și-au construit propriile săli de sport în Ierusalim, după modelul grecesc. Aceștia trăgeau de asemenea de restul de prepuț rămas, respingând astfel sfântul legământ" (I Macabei 1:15), aflăm din relatarea macabeană că se întâmpla în jur de 100 î.H. ''' Dorința tinerilor bărbați de a arăta necircumciși a reprezentat o permanentă sursă de iritare pentru preoți. Josephus (Flavius), eminentul istoric evreu, comenta tendința printre evreii primului secol: "Ei își ascundeau de asemenea circumcizia organului genital, astfel încât chiar și atunci când erau dezbrăcați să poată părea că sunt greci." Aceasta nu era numai o simplă dorință de a se integra, Josephus remarcând de asemenea ostilitatea celor care nu erau evrei în ce privește circumcizia. Mulți bărbați evrei care încercau să-și ascundă sau să repare chirurgical circumcizia reacționau la o antipatie generalizată în lumea greco-romană, o aversiune pe care istoricul Peter Schafer o descria ca fiind "o acută amenințare că superstiția evreiască ar putea să reușească finalmente să distrugă valorile culturale și religioase ale societății romane." - pp. 13-14 în "Circumcision: A history of the world's most controversial surgery", David L.Gollaher, Basic Books (A member of the Perseus Books Group) 2000.</ref>"Născut în Spania în 1135, pregătit în medicină și școlit în filozofie, Maimonide merge la Cairo unde devine medicul personal al lui Saladin. Lucrarea lui principală, "Călăuza rătăciților", rămâne un efort clasic de a împăca credința cu rațiunea. Pentru că medicul din el știa că a tăia penisul unui nou-născut părea ilogic și riscant, Maimonide a dedicat o atenție specială dezvoltării unei explicații raționale a circumciziei. […] într-adevăr, frica și suferința erau motivele pentru care operația era făcută cel mai bine pe nou-născuți. Maimonide recunoștea că dacă circumcizia nu e făcută la o vârstă fragedă, e probabil că evreii ar ignora legea. Puțini bărbați s-ar supune de bună-voie la o experiență foarte dureroasă. Ca cei mai mulți medici de-a lungul timpului, Maimonide credea că nou-născuții resimt mai puțină durere la circumcizie decât copii mai în vârstă sau adulții. La un nou-născut "membrana este încă moale iar imaginația îi e slabă", spunea el. În timp ce un bărbat s-ar îmbolnăvi de spaimă numai gândindu-se la operație înainte, un nou-născut, era sigur Maimonide, n-ar trăi nici o teamă și ar uita repede durerea. Părinții de asemenea au temeri mai mici când circumcizia se face devreme. Maimonide credea că în cazul unui nou-născut, dragostea părintească de abia se naște, făcând mai ușor pentru ei să accepte tăierea copilului lor decât ar fi cazul mai târziu când dragostea și empatia lor se va fi format deplin." - p. 20 în "Circumcision: A history of the world's most controversial surgery", David L.Gollaher, Basic Books (A member of the Perseus Books Group) 2000. a evreilor că aceștia din urmă ar renunța să practice circumcizia dacă procedura ar fi făcută la o vârstă la care individul are discernământ și poate alege, sau că la cerere, medicii ar putea recrea chirurgical un prepuț, ștergând astfel semnul identitar înscris în carne, dacă operația de circumcizie nu este suficient de extinsă. La începuturi, se pare că și la evrei, ca la toate populațiile tradiționale care practică circumcizia, ritualul era făcut la o vârstă mare, cel mai probabil în perioada de trecere dintre copilărie și maturitate și uneori nici măcar atunci, așa cum demonstreaază faptul că Moise n-a fost niciodată circumcis.

 La musulmani
În contrast cu situația din iudaism (unde procedura este ordonată explicit în textul sacru (Biblia evreiască, Vechiul Testament), în islam ea este doar o recomandare a tradiției, nefiind explicit menționată în Coran.In Islam this practice is supported by Sunnah teachings, as opposed to teachings directly from the Qur'an. - Citation source (MLA 7th Edition): FORD, PAUL J. "Circumcision." International Encyclopedia of Marriage and Family. Ed. James J. Ponzetti. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2003. 305-309. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 23 Sep. 2012. Ceremonia asociată procedurii se numește kithan și funcție de tradițiile comunității circumcizia se face la vârste între 4 și 7 ani, însă și mai târziu sau mai devreme în unele locuri.[…] but Muslims, among whom the rite (though not mentioned in the Qur'an) also became standard, have no set date for its performance, often waiting until several years after birth but rarely beyond the onset of puberty. - Citation source (MLA 7th Edition): HOROWITZ, ELLIOTT. "Circumcision." Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood: In History and Society. Ed. Paula S. Fass. Vol. 1. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2004. 211-212. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 23 Sep. 2012.

Un articol prezentând o perspectivă islamică asupra ciricumciziei este "Religious circumcision: a Muslim view"

 Circumcizia medicală

La fimoză (sau la parafimoză) cu o incidență de 8%, până la 50% la bărbații necircumciși circumcizia este soluția chirurgicală tradițională, eficientă și de preferință (deși există și alte tehnici de reparare a prepuțului, ca plastia lui Duhamel, tehnici de decalotaj forțat, etc.), cu foarte rare complicații - au fost raportate complicații minore în aproximativ 0.2-0.6% dintre cazuriDeibert, Glenn A.: The separation of the prepuce in the human penis, The Daniel Baugh Institute of Anatomy, Jefferson Medical College. http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/deibert.

 Prevalența circumciziilor
Datele de mai jos, care se referă la prevalența globală a circumciziei masculine, sunt extrase din raportul publicat la 14 decembrie 2007 de Organizația Mondială a Sănătății, rezultat din colaborarea cercetătorilor de la "The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine", Organizația Mondială a Sănătății (OMS) și "The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)".

 Tabelul 1: Estimarea populației masculine de la vârsta de 15 ani în sus, indivizi circumciși pe motive nereligioase, după state

 Tabela 2: Proporția globală a populației masculine de la vârsta de 15 ani în sus, circumcise

* Inclusiv țările din Tabela 1.

 Controverse
Cicumcizia rituală a creat încă din antichitate, animozități, reacții de repulsie și de combatere, de interzicere, in special pe fondul antisemitismului oficial sau ocult - deși numărul absolut al musulmanilor circumciși este covârșitor mai mare decât al evreilor.

Prin anul 119 (e.n.) împăratul roman Hadrian a scos în afara legii ritualul circumciziei, abrogând astfel legalitatea iudaismului.

În contradicție cu recomandările Organizației Mondiale a Sănătății (care recomandă procedura circumciziei doar în țările și regiunile cu epidemii de maladii sexuale precum SIDA) există organizații medicale (Asociația Medicală Regală Olandeză, 2010, Colegiul Australian Regal al Medicilor) care nu recomandă circumcizia ca o intervenție de rutină, punând în discuție eticitatea ei. Față de valoarea circumciziei în medicina preventivă și a rarității accidentelor Colegiul Australian Regal al Medicilor conferă o importanță majoră "eticității în lezarea drepturilor omului prin efectuarea unei operații ne-terapeutice pe un copil care nu este capabil de a consimți" (în ). Vezi și articolul dr. M.D.A. Freeman din Jurnalul Britanic de Urologie (BJU): Dreptul copilului de a fi circumcis Societatea Pediatrică Canadiană nu consideră nici ea circumcizia a fi o procedură medical necesară.

 Implicații psihologice, emoționale, politice, economice, anti-religioase, anti-minoritare, etice și legale ale circumciziei

Practica circumciziei a fost atacată de-a lungul istoriei din diferite motive, considerată ca o formă de mutilare, sau cel puțin un gest inutil cu consecințe ireversibile. Prof. Margaret Somerville, farmacistă și avocată australiană-canadiană, specialistă în etica medicală, protestează contra circumciziei copiilor, ca o violare a autonomiei individuale și o violare a drepturilor omului. Ea nu vede o diferență între labiotomie (tăierea rituală a labiilor vaginale la fete, metodă folosită în unele colectivități musulmane pentru a anula plăcerea contactului sexual) și circumcizie, mutilare rituală și ea, în ochii disputatei eticiene (judecătorul Robert Hanson i-a respins o mărturie de expertă pe motiv că "nu se bazează pe observații conforme metodologiei științifice sau măcar, pe observații empirice") care să justifice acceptarea uneia dar intrezicerea celeilalte.

Bioeticieni precum F. M. Hodges, J. S. Svoboda și R. S. Van Howe consideră că niciun copil n-ar trebui supus unei intervenții chirurgicale profilactice sau pe motive de sănătate publică, dacă există alternative eficace și mai puțin traumatizante, precum modifcarea comportamentului; a face o intervenție chirurgicală ca înlocuitor al schimbării practicilor sociale este absurd cât timp chiar dacă procentul de complicații ale circumciziei e mic, potențialul catastrofal al acestor complicații odată survenite e foarte mare.; punct de vedere împărtășit și de unii pediatri, pentru care a tăia o parte sănătoasă a unui corp uman, în lipsa unei boli, diformități sau răni, violează cel mai celebrat principiu medical, anume "primum non nocere" (în )

Mulți medici consideră că circumcizia este o intervenție dureroasă și recomandă folosirea anesteziei,, anumite autorități religioase tradiționaliste refuzând însă să adopte noile recomandări.

Un puternic și persuasiv lobby anti-circumcizii acționează pe lângă ONU . Ca un act de superioritate și paternalism restrictiv față de datinile primitive ale unor minorități, autoritățile din anumite țări interzic acest act de mutilare, sau impun transformarea lui într-o laboriasă intervenție medicală. Aceste obstrucții au un substrat religios, politic, sau politico-economic (folosirea costisitoare și neîncadrată în programele de asigurare medicală  a unui cadru și a personalului medical afectează economic respectiva populație minoritară), deși se reclamă a se baza pe percepte igienico-medicale de valoare epidemiologică disputabilă și făcând o demarcație netă între circumcizie - blamabilă - și o serie de alte acte de mutilare, precum tatuajul, piercing-ul și o serie de intervenții de medicină estetică (injectări sau implantări de silicon, injectări de toxină botulinică, extirpări de lambouri de piele sau de țesuturi adipoase, etc.).

De menționat și frica față de o eventuală reducere a plăcerii din actul sexualO'Hara, K. and O'Hara, J.: The effect of male circumcision on the sexual enjoyment of the female partner, pp. 79–84, BJU International, vol. 83, January 1999, PMID 10349416. - conform exclamației panicate exprimată de dr. Marc Zaffran, specialist în medicină generală: "Nu vă atingeți de prepuțul meu!!!".

 Referințe

 Bibliografie

 Kim, D.S., Lee, J. Y. and M.G. Pang: Male circumcision: a South Korean perspective, pp. 28–33, BJU International, vol. 83, January 1999, PMID 10349416.
 Cold, C.J. and J.R. Taylor: The prepuce, pp. 34–44, BJU International, vol. 83, January 1999, PMID 10349416.
 Hammond, T.: A preliminary poll of men circumcised in infancy or childhood, pp. 85–92, BJU International, vol. 83, January 1999, PMID 10349416.
 Goldman, R.: The psychological impact of circumcision pp. 93–102, BJU International, vol. 83, January 1999, PMID 10349416.
 Brandes, S.B. and J.W. McAninch: Surgical methods of restoring the prepuce: a critical review, pp. 109–113, BJU International, vol. 83, January 1999, PMID 10349416.

 Legături externe
 ***: Pain and Your Infant: Medical Procedures, Circumcision and Teething, University of Michigan - Health System, February 2007. http://www.med.umich.edu/1libr/yourchild/paininf.htm
  Gavin, Mary L.: Circumcision, July 2008, http://kidshealth.org/parent/system/surgical/circumcision.html#
  Circumcision ("Circumcision is the removal of the foreskin, which is the skin that covers the tip of the penis. In the United States, it is often done before a new baby leaves the hospital. There are medical benefits and risks to circumcision. Possible benefits include a lower risk of urinary tract infections, penile cancer and sexually transmitted diseases. The risks include pain and a low risk of bleeding or infection. These risks are higher for older babies, boys and men. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) does not recommend routine circumcision. Parents need to decide what is best for their sons, based on their religious, cultural and personal preferences."), http://nlm.nih.gov/medilineplus/circumcision.html
 Circumcizia, taierea imprejur la evrei, 19 iulie 2012, Teodor Dănălache, CrestinOrtodox.ro''

Vezi și

Etologie
Religie și sexualitate
Circumcizii

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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• 06/27/16: Justices help keep the family together
• 06/20/16: The sweet sounds of common sense on the internet
• 06/09/16: How the class-action system works (and doesn't)
• 06/02/16: Democracy, the death penalty and the Supreme Court
• 06/01/16: Obama appointee creates 'Parking while black'
• 05/27/16: The future wins in a legal battle over Jewish history
• 05/26/16: Judge cries foul over a Chicago law favoring Cubs
• 05/25/16: Why law didn't punish villains in financial crisis
• 05/23/16: When a 'speedy trial' includes a 14-month delay
• 05/18/16: Delaying execution is cruel and unusual?
• 05/05/16: Cheerleaders' uniforms as art? Ask the justices
• 05/03/16: Breathalyzers, 'textalyzers' and the Constitution
• 04/28/16: How to say 'privacy' in U.S. and UK English
• 04/26/16: 'Offensive' names will get their day in court
• 04/21/16: Even drunken drivers have constitutional rights
• 04/20/16: The Supreme Court let him stick it to the tax man -- sorta
• 04/19/16: Is the Divine a pasta monster? That's a legal question
• 04/06/16: Jury room racism is protected
• 04/05/16: Dog bites woman, and now it's a federal case
• 03/31/16: Can the Supreme Court demand compromise? It just did
• 03/29/16: Warning: When you can't find the fine print (or read ) those web contracts
• 03/22/16: U.S. law is so great even Europeans want to use it
• 03/17/16: How the law makes it easier to traffic teenagers
• 03/15/16: Supreme Court's precedent backs Donald Trump
• 03/10/16: The dark side of 'friends' at the Supreme Court
• 03/09/16: Court lets Hollywood call dibs on your life story
• 03/08/16: Law school taught student to sue --- and she is, them
• 03/02/16: Whereas the Supreme Court rules for stuffy language
• 03/01/16: Campaigns get good news: It's OK to lie
• 02/18/16: Scalia may be the last of the originalists
• 02/09/16: UN group's protection of Wikileaks founder is unjustified
• 02/01/16: A brilliant scientist steps on history's toes
• 01/25/16: Are you a drunken driver after you stop driving?
• 01/05/16: Angry landlord sentenced to take Islam course
• 01/04/16: Outrage? Qualified teacher with horrendous beliefs wasn't certified
• 12/29/15: Obama and the limits of executive action
• 12/17/15: Why Supreme Court could hear 'cannibal cop' case
• 12/08/15: Dollar General Tries to Shake Up Tribal Law
• 12/02/15: Two major cases conservatives may cleverly win this Supreme Court term
• 12/01/15: Life and Death: The prosecution cannot rest on a trade secret
• 11/30/15: Nuremberg's complicated lessons, 70 years later
• 11/12/15: Which do the Supremes hate more: personal-injury lawyers or interpreting a law loosely to expand the power of lower courts?
• 11/10/15: Federal courts can't mend a parent's broken heart
• 11/05/15: Why the Supreme Court cares about your electric bill
• 11/04/15: When a website IDs the wrong person, can it be sued?
• 11/03/15: At the Supreme Court, a case for fans of 'The Wire'
• 10/29/15: Law schools shouldn't baby their applicants
• 10/20/15: Egypt's parliamentary vote is sign of Arab winter
• 10/14/15: What you watch on your phone might not be private
• 10/13/15: Appeals court gets twisted in yoga copyright case
• 08/24/15: Black America has no rising leader, not even Obama
• 07/03/15: Supreme Court reaches the end of a political era
• 06/03/15: Will the Supreme Court really empower illegal aliens to vote?
• 01/27/15: Why judicial elections are idiotic and bad for law


Have you seen a campaign image and you get a sense of Deja Vu? So everyone is talking about the new Balmain Spring/Summer 2014 campaign featuring Rihanna who made creative director Olivier Rousteing's "vision feels complete". Rihanna is great but besides her and the clothes everything from the background to the photography is eerily similar to the Balenciaga Fall 2011 campaign shot by Steven Meisel (left) which was shot in a studio built to resemble "a futuristic world". There were people saying that background looks like a bathroom too. According to Susie Bubble they are all under the influence of French artist Jean Pierre Raynaud, who is most famous for his La Maison in La Celle-Saint-Cloud in Paris which is a house of grids.
Somewhere in the world Steven Meisel is giving a slow clap.


During the process of oilseed pretreatment, a series of seed processing equipment are necessary, such as cleaning sieve, crusher, dehuller, flaker, cooker, screw extruder, dryer and the like. Some seeds require additional preparation beyond cleaning. Soybeans, for example, are de-hulled, heated, cracked or flaked, and sometimes extruded before entering the press.


Little Truff is fed up. She can't go for a run on the beach because her family is busy talking about protecting the ripening fruit on their plum tree from the birds.
AND enjoy this video filmed at Project Kereru in Dunedin where injured birds are restored to health and returned to the wild.
From Whitcoulls, PaperPlus and all good bookshops: price NZ$20.00.
When I saw a beautiful kererū sitting on a tree outside my window, I decided to write Little Truff Saves the Kererū, a family book for ALL animal lovers and conservationists from 8 years to 108.
Then someone suggested an illustrated book for 4-7 year olds so children would grow up knowing how really important the kererū is.
It is the only bird whose mouth is big enough to swallow the seeds of the giant trees like kauri so they can grow and fly the long distances required to scatter them for regeneration. Without the kererū, these trees will eventually die out. That would be a tragedy.
Kids love to learn using fun and games. Find out more about Little Truff and the Kererū using the resources below – and look for more here. Parents and teachers may find the reading extensions useful to enhance children's understanding of the book.


So last year myself and intrepid podcast buddies went to MTAC last year, and it was a blast.
This year, the OSMcast is again going to MTAC this year, but this time we're going to be press. Very awesome.
So I need to know who are going to be my OSMbuddies for this venture. (I'm looking at you: Eric, James, Lee, Kevin, Brad. I'm looking at you.) Also anyone else that wants to go, really. MTAC is April 3rd-5th. While the initial press pass was free, the rest we have to pay for. If we pay by Feb 28th, it's $35 a head unless we can get 5+ people to go, then it's $28. Since my press badge is free, I'll be compensating the OSMcast dudes the diffrence of $35/28 to spread the wealth as it were.
The hotel is apperently book already and they haven't listed any overflow hotels yet. Todd, you are a wiz at cheaper hotels that are close to cons, do you know of any good places?
So let me know if anyone is interested. This should be a blast.
PS: I may also see about getting some OSMcast Tshirts made.
← A conversation in the men's dressing room before the Bernstein concert.


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Fan Views
Photo by Clive Mason/Getty Images
'Best game in five seasons': Some Arsenal fans react to £20m man's performance
Shamanth Jayaram
Photo by Stuart MacFarlane/Arsenal FC via Getty Images
Theo Walcott joined the likes of Robin van Persie, Cesc Fabregas, Danny Welbeck and Emmanuel Adebayor to score a goal against Arsenal after leaving the club to join another Premier League side.
The Englishman spent 12 years as a Gunner and played 398 games for us in all competitions.
He scored over 100 goals and provided more than 75 assists, and he will always remain one of the most underrated footballers to ever play for us.
Photo by Julian Finney/Getty Images
Walcott was a forgotten man at the Emirates since he left the club in 2018. He joined Everton for £20 million (BBC) almost three years ago, but that move didn't quite work out for him.
He moved to Southampton on a season-long loan deal earlier this summer, and that is proving to be a brilliant decision.
The 31-year-old has two goals and two assists for the Saints in eight starts so far. He has been a constant threat to the opposition, and he showed every Arsenal fan what we have been missing with an excellent goal to give his side the lead.
Photo by Matt Watson/Southampton FC via Getty Images
Walcott caused our defenders a lot of problems. His pace and movement brought about a lot of confusion, and his brilliant turn to get away from Gabriel forced the Brazilian to bring him down and get himself a second yellow card.
Arsenal managed to get a draw thanks to Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang's equaliser. However, Walcott was the talk of the town because of his goal, and some Gunners supporters feel that it was his best performance in a long time.
Here's how a few Arsenal fans reacted to Walcott's performance
Theo Walcott with his best game in the past 5 seasons.
— Gordy (@4Vintage_AFC) December 16, 2020
#Walcott spent years at #arsenal as the worst player.. He comes back to the emirates looking like the best player on the pitch. #ARSSOU pic.twitter.com/xibF1RP0AM
— The Popular Loner… (@JP_Esq) December 16, 2020
If you had to sum up Arsenal right now. It would be Theo Walcott, a man known for his inconsistent performances at Arsenal, coming back to score at The Emirates for Southampton.
— Gray (@jackcleggmcr) December 16, 2020
This is already Walcott's best ever performance at the Emirates #ARSSOU
— anes 💭 (@thebigshrug) December 16, 2020
Walcott with a sensational performance.
— Ö (@OzilVision11) December 16, 2020
Walcott having the performance of his life to spite his former club 😭😭😭
— @dr3n (8-5) (@xavienhowardfan) December 16, 2020
Walcott is probably having the best performance at the Emirates for at least 2 months and he doesn't play for us anymore 🙁
— Soorya Thavaraj (@afcnews276) December 16, 2020
Photo by ADRIAN DENNIS/POOL/AFP via Getty Images
Tags:Theo Walcott
Shamanth is a professional football journalist from Bangalore, India. Shamanth is highly opinionated about the game and has been a passionate Arsenal supporter for the better part of the last two decades.
'I saw all': Arteta shares what he observed about Arsenal's benched players yesterday
'Not enough': Aubameyang sends Twitter message to Arsenal teammates


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Hotseat (ou hot seat) est un mode de jeu multijoueur fourni par quelques jeux vidéo en tour par tour. Ce mode permet à deux joueurs ou plus de jouer sur la même machine chacun son tour. Le terme de hot seat (siège chaud) découle du fait que les joueurs se passent le siège à tour de rôle.

Particularités
Le mode hotseat permet à plusieurs joueurs de jouer des parties multijoueurs avec un seul exemplaire du jeu ou une seule machine. Comme ce mode est plutôt destiné au jeu en tour par tour, la durée du jeu est plus longue que pour un jeu temps-réel joué en réseau. Certains jeux permettent le mode hotseat et la connexion en réseau sur la même partie, tout en gardant le mode tour par tour.

Ce mode de jeu ne doit pas être confondu avec l'écran splité (écran divisé) qui permet à plusieurs joueurs de jouer au même jeu, sur la même machine mais simultanément.

Types de jeux
Ce mode est présent :
 dans les jeux multijoueur en tour par tour (série Heroes of Might and Magic, série Civilization, série Worms, etc.) ;
 dans les jeux dont les parties sont courtes dans le temps, comme les jeux de courses (série TrackMania : TrackMania DS, TrackMania Sunrise'', etc.).
 dans l'émission Millionaire Hot Seat.

Articles connexes
 Jeu en réseau
 Écran splité

Notes et références

Terminologie du jeu vidéo
Jeu vidéo de stratégie au tour par tour


LaCàn is a research group located in the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC). The acronym stands for Mathematical and Computational Modeling. Our goal is to develop new mathematical and computational models to enable quantitative and predictive science and engineering. A central theme in all activities of the group is pushing the state of the art in the mathematical modeling of complex phenomena using partial differential equations and their numerical approximation with novel computational methods. Our interdisciplinary research is organized into three research programs with multiple cross-interactions.
Prof. Huerta elected president of the IACM!


text:
is a Japanese writer. Many of his works have been described as antisemitic, and related to Holocaust denial.

Biography
He studied economics at Osaka Metropolitan University. After 11 years as a high school teacher, he established 中東問題研究センター (Chuto mondai kenkyu center; "The Middle-East Problem Research Institute") in 1975.

In 1986, he published a book named "ユダヤが解ると世界が見えてくる" (Yudaya ga wakaruto sekai ga mietekuru; "To watch Jews is to see the world clearly"), This book is based on the infamous antisemitic text The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion. According to Uno, the Ashkenazim are "fake Jews", and are in charge of the world.

Uno writes that Japanese are the descendants of the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel, and so will eventually defeat "fake Jews."

In 1989, he established 株式会社リバティ情報研究所 (Kabushikigaisha Liberty Joho Kenkyujo; "The Liberty Information Research Institute, inc.").

See also
Japanese-Jewish Common Ancestor Theory

References

External links
JAPAN at Tel Aviv University's website

1942 births
Living people
Japanese writers
Japanese conspiracy theorists
Antisemitism in Japan
Holocaust deniers


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Premier Boxing Champions Lines Up Star-Studded Group of Former World Champions & More to Appear on PBC Social Media Platforms Next Week
Join in on Social Media for Updates from Jean Pascal, Andre Dirrell, Nonito Donaire, Caleb Truax, Charles Martin & Rances Barthelemy During Social Distancing
LAS VEGAS (May 22, 2020) - Former world champions, top contenders and more are set to appear on Premier Boxing Champions social media platforms next week as PBC continues to bring fans closer to their favorite stars during social distancing.
WBA Light Heavyweight titlist Jean Pascal appears on "Time Out With Ray Flores'' live on the PBC Instagram page this Monday, May 25 at 3 p.m. ET/12 p.m. PT.
Veteran contender and Olympic bronze medalist Andre Dirrell and former four-division world champion Nonito Donaire will appear on the PBC Podcastwith hosts Kenneth Bouhairie and Michael Rosenthal. The Podcast will be available on Wednesday, May 27 on the PBC website, iTunes, Spotify, Soundcloud, Stitcher, Spreaker and other outlets.
Former world champion Caleb Truax will appear in the "At Home With..." series, hanging out live on the PBC Facebook page on Wednesday, May 27 at 4 p.m. ET/1 p.m. PT. Plus, former two-division world champion Rances Barthelemy will also appear on "At Home With..." live on the PBC Facebook page on Friday, May 29 at 4 p.m. ET/1 p.m. PT.
Former heavyweight world champion Charles Martin will appear on "Going The Distance'' on the PBC YouTube page on Thursday, May 28. Martin will break down his heavyweight clash against Gerald Washington at 4 p.m. ET/1 p.m. PT.
In addition, "PBC Replay" will feature a replay of the full televised card for Adrien Broner vs. Jessie Vargas, featuring Jermall Charlo vs. Hugo Centeno Jr. and Gervonta Davis vs. Jesus Cuellar, on the PBC YouTube page on Saturday, May 30 at 8 p.m. ET/5 p.m. PT.
This week's schedule continues to feature PBC fighters talking boxing, social distancing and more to stay connected to the fans. Stay tuned. There's more to come.
JeanPascal 35-6-1 (20 KOs)
Andre "The Resurrected"Dirrell 29-3-0 (19 KOs)
Caleb "Golden"Truax 31-5-2 (19 KOs)
Rances "Kid Blast"Barthelemy 29-2-1 (15 KOs)
Charles "Prince Charles"Martin 29-3-1 (26 KOs)


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Q: Deployer user does not have Access to the file I Try to deploy a application using Microsoft Release Management for Visual Studio or better known as "InRelease". But i face unexpected Problems using the MSI-Deployer.
The deployment fails with the flowing error:
Setup.msi       XXX139W8    10/1/2014 11:19:18 AM   00:00:00    Package location '\\Server\drop\Application\Build_20140930.5\Setup.msi' does not exist or Deployer user does not have access.           Failed

First suggestion(incorrect Path) is not the case, i double checked that.
So why does my Deployer user not have access to my server? And how to fix that?
I tried out running the DeploymentAgent as Administrator, as Local Service adding XXX139W8$ permissions to the drop folder, running as domain user with admin rights on the drop folder.
Sadly the deployment agent is totally unreachable or the error mentioned above shows up.
Here are some system specs:
TFS and RM Server run on a Windows Server 2012 R2 with SQL Server Express 2012 Installed.
The client i am Working on uses the Release Management Client for Microsoft Visual Studio 2013
The Target Machine is a Windows 8.1.

A: The deployer user is defined in the MS Deployment Service, ensure that this account has access to your Drop folder. I give the domain\EVERYONE  account read access to the drop folder so that anyone can read the data

A: I resolved this Problem.
The cause was that i specified a File as Package (quite confusing if you try to deploy a single msi file) but the Component should only specify a Folder "Package".
The deployment agent fails to access the Folder (Setup.msi) and fails with the error i showed above.
Then i wasted hours in trying to fix my access problem, because if i enter the "Package location" everything worked fine._.


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package iso20022

// Specifies reasons for the pending cancellation status.
type PendingCancellationStatusReason8 struct {

	// Specifies the reason why the cancellation request is pending.
	ReasonCode *PendingCancellationReason6Choice `xml:"RsnCd"`

	// Provides additional information about the processed instruction.
	AdditionalReasonInformation *RestrictedFINXMax210Text `xml:"AddtlRsnInf,omitempty"`
}

func (p *PendingCancellationStatusReason8) AddReasonCode() *PendingCancellationReason6Choice {
	p.ReasonCode = new(PendingCancellationReason6Choice)
	return p.ReasonCode
}

func (p *PendingCancellationStatusReason8) SetAdditionalReasonInformation(value string) {
	p.AdditionalReasonInformation = (*RestrictedFINXMax210Text)(&value)
}