MikeyTaylorGaming is creating The Glitch Picnic Series!
Well hello everybody and welcome! Let me start of with a huge THANK YOU for taking the time to visit my Patreon. Even if you're only browsing, it's still a minute of your day you could have used for something useful!
A little about me... I'm Mikey Taylor, of course! Just a regular guy who loves to entertain through the power of Gaming Glitches over at MikeyTaylorGaming!
My aim is to upload videos at least once per month to bring a little bit of "WOW" to people's lives, by showing off Bugs and Glitches in video games that you never could have imagined exist! It's always fun taking work that took a group of guys years to write, then tearing it apart with bugs they've left for us to find, right? I mean, who doesn't love doing that?
Through the power of Snapchat you'll stay up to date with the latest happenings in 'The Office'. Including previews of the latest videos!
In the creation of a video, I can never record the intro in one take. After about 15 attempts of trying to say the right thing it can get pretty frustrating.
However, the outbursts that I spew are usually more interesting than the finished introduction, so it's definitely worth a watch... For each video released you'll have access to an edit of out-takes during it's intro!
- You'll Also get Personal Snapchat Access!
There used to be an End Card at the end of every single video at MikeyTaylorGaming... Unfortunately, YouTube decided to screw that up for us and remove annotations in favour of an 'End Screen'! So instead, what better way is there to get involved than to get yourself a shout out at the end of a video? I can't think of a good reason.
- You'll also get access to the Snapchat and the Out-takes of each video!
In Depth Behind the Scenes!
There's a lot that goes into a Glitch Picnic. The research, the equipment. Not to mention the games!
You'll get to see occasional edited versions of how I work and develop a Video over time, and why sometimes it can be a handful to release videos consistently sometimes. It'll be a little insight into the life of Mikey.
- You'll also get access to the Personal Snapchat, access to the Outakes of each video and a Shout Out in the Outro!
A Face to Face Chat!
As well as having a personal Snapchat, the Intoduction Failures every month AND the behind the scenes video, we'll organise a one to one chat over Skype! If you've ever had any questions you want to ask I'm an open book.
At $200 per month, I'll finally be able to invest in some better equipment for the Channel.
I feel like a step into the world of higher end video cameras would make that Intro far more appealing! Not to mention a decent body mounted microphone so that it sounds the same as the rest of the video... AND, possibly, even a 3DS Capture Card! Even a better make of regular capture care would be beneficial at this stage!


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Birch's Music Monday
by Birch Coffee | Oct 17, 2011 | Blog, Music Monday | 0 comments
Welcome back to another Music Monday and happy CMJ Week! New York City is about to be filled with awesome music, get ready with some spectacular new tunes.
M83's new album, Hurry Up, We're Dreaming, comes out tomorrow but listen to these dreamy electro sounds now at the Urban Outfitters blog…
…listen to a preview of what is to come from Brooklyn lo-fi rockers, The Beets. Their album Hardly Art will be available October 24th but listen to a couple tracks over at Pitchfork…
…and head to Spinner to stream the debut full-length album from Class Actress. Rapproacher comes out tomorrow, October 18th.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


COZY VACATION APARTMENT WITH BALCONY!
This spacious 2 bedroom and 2 bathroom villa offers plenty of high quality relaxation that are sure to satisfy all of your vacation needs. Our kitchen comes fully equipped with a microwave, oven, stove and 2 door refrigerator. Our kitchen also includes cloth napkins, place mats and utensils for 4 and all the pots and pans are included. A laundry room which comes with complimentary detergent and fabric softener for the quantity of your first wash.
The living room has a flat screen TV with basic cable and international channels like Globo. Master suite has a queen bed and master bathroom includes tile flooring and a shower. The second bedroom has 2 twin beds and a 24" flat screen TV also with basic cable. You will be amazed with the amount of space the second bathroom has. It comes with tile flooring and a large shower/tub.
This wonderful villa also comes with a quaint balcony that has patio furniture for you to enjoy some nice fresh air.


Traffic was backed up for kilometres after a truck failed to clear the rail crossing near 232 Street.
Eastbound traffic snarled. Avoid the freeway on Monday's commute.
Jun. 29, 2015 2:00 p.m.
A semi-tractor trailer became wedged under the 232 Street rail overpass, snarling traffic on Monday afternoon.
The overpass only has 4.4 metre clearance and the trailer hit it while travelling in the left hand lane around 3 p.m.
Traffic was backed up well into 192 Street on Highway One.
Roads around the freeway like 200 Street also suffered serious back ups.
This isn't the first time this overpass has been hit. Several over-height trucks have crashed into overpasses on the freeway in the past.


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The 20 Best Podcasts For Learning German – Check These Out!
Home German The 20 Best Podcasts For Learning German – Check These Out!
By Chris German April 13, 2019
I strongly believe that everyone studying German should listen to German podcasts. Luckily, that doesn't mean listening to something that you'll understand nothing of. There are some great options for everyone, from beginners to nearly fluent speakers.
After all, getting lots of exposure listening to German, especially at a level suitable to your own, is one of the best ways to improve.
Most of these podcasts would be better as a supplemental tool to a more structured course. Fortunately, most people have lots of small gaps in time throughout the day that they could use to get more listening practice.
German in particular can be a tough language for English speakers to learn. Although there are some similarities, you'll notice that many letters are pronounced differently than they are in English – and some letters, like ß, don't appear in English at all!
If you learn German only by reading and writing the language, then you're more likely to pronounce words wrong when you say them aloud. You may find yourself being able to read but then feel completely lost when someone speaks German to you.
In order to get enough German into your ears, I'd strongly recommend adding some podcasts to your routine. This will undoubtedly help your listening comprehension improve dramatically.
You can choose from podcasts that are structured like language lessons and intended for new learners, or you can listen to more advanced programs on topics like history or politics, just like the kinds of podcasts you would listen to in English.
We've picked some of the best podcasts to learn German to help you get you started. Check out our list of the 20 top German podcasts below. Try a few of them out, and then use one or two of your favorites to study regularly.
These podcasts are intended for beginners who are new to learning German. Most of them are structured as lessons with at least some English-language guidance mixed in.
They would be ideal as a supplemental tool to a good textbook or a great course, such as smarterGerman. Several of them have transcripts and PDF guides you can download.
Coffee Break German
The Coffee Break lessons are some of the best language-learning podcasts out there. In addition to German, there's French, Spanish, Italian, and Chinese. Although you can pay for a Premium subscription to access additional material, the audio lessons are available for free.
The Coffee Break podcast is perfect for beginners and gradually progresses as you go. Mark, who is usually one of the Coffee Break language teachers, takes a turn as a student while Thomas, a native German speaker, guides him through the basics. They'll discuss the lessons in English so you aren't thrown entirely into the deep end.
Deutsch Warum Nicht?
Deutsch Warum Nicht? is a classic audio series that students have been using since 1991 – before podcasts were even a thing! Some of the references may be a little dated, but the story will keep you intrigued, as it follows the tale of Andreas, a student who meets a Heinzelmädchen, a creature from German folklore.
There are 4 series with 26 lessons each, and all are available on iTunes. You can also download PDF lessons to go along with the audio. The lessons are designed to get you to a B1 learning level, regardless of how much German experience you have.
Radio D is produced by the same team behind Deutsch Warum Nicht? but is a slightly more modern radio show, with lively sound-effects. Journalists Paula and Philipp are investigating UFO sightings and other mysterious happenings across Germany.
This podcast is suitable for A1 and A2 level learners, and includes transcripts and some English commentary to keep you from feeling lost.
Learn German for Free
This is a simple and straightforward introductory podcast hosted by Stefan and available to listen to for free on TuneIn. Topics include asking for directions, traveling by bus and train, and more. Since this podcast is about both Germany and Switzerland, it's great for listeners to plan to travel through the German-speaking areas of Switzerland.
GermanPod101
Innovative Languages, the makers of GermanPod101 have a reputation for quality language lessons for a variety of learning levels. I like most of the languages they teach, but their German lessons were pretty disappointing, often feeling uninspiring to listen to.
There are over 1,000 podcasts already at around 15 minutes each. A subscription gives you access to flashcards, lesson guides, the mobile app, and a lot more. You can follow a "Learning Path" or hop around to whatever lesson interests you.
Since this one is subscription-based (starting at $8 per month for the basic plan), you can work your way through different levels at your own pace. Review.
Learn German by Podcast
Learn German by Podcast is a solid option for those new to the language. If you've been dabbling in German and want to focus on the basics, then this would do the trick.
Unfortunately, it's not free, but you can buy the first 20 lessons for $30. Having this structure can be a less daunting way to begin your learning than a more conversational podcast. That said, there are other resources I'd prefer to spend money on.
Each lesson lasts for around 20 minutes, and you'll also have access to a PDF guide with transcripts and exercises.
DaZPod
DaZPod is no longer updated, but it contains 50 episodes of situation-based language lessons you can listen to on the website or iTunes. There's not a lot of guidance, but the scenarios are easy to follow, such a customer calling a company to complain about an appliance. Each 15-minute episode will give you a little insight into German culture.
Twilingo
Twilingo is a unique podcast that proposes to teach German via "neuro-based speed learning." On this podcast, you'll hear a story in German, and then you'll hear it repeated in German and in English at the same time. It's like an instant translation.
The creator of the podcast, Klaus, says you'll learn faster with this method than by any other learning style. But because this podcast is so new, we can't tell you how effective it is. You may enjoy it, or you may simply find it confusing. Since it's free, there's no harm in giving it a try and seeing if it works for you.
For Intermediate Learners
These intermediate podcasts are best for those who already have some experience with German and are looking to improve their listening comprehension. Several of them are structured as lessons, but there won't be much – if any – English to guide you along.
News in Slow German
I'm a big fan of News in Slow German. It's easily one of the most effective and fun resources for studying German.
As the title implies, a large part of the episodes is focused on current events, discussed in German spoken at a slower pace. However, there's more to them than that. I especially enjoyed the way they teach grammar and expressions by first using them naturally in a discussion, only to explain them later on.
News in Slow German is a slightly more advanced podcast, for those who already have some level of listening comprehensive. There's no English here – episodes are entirely in German, but their interactive transcripts make understanding them much easier to comprehend.
You can try a free lesson but regular access requires a subscription. Review.
Conversations was created by Olly Richards of the hugely popular website I Will Teach You a Language. Sticking with his philosophy of using stories as a means to learn a language, Conversations is actually a 20 chapter dialogue-based story.
Although it's not a podcast, those with an intermediate level of German may find this to be exactly what they're looking for. The dialogues are spoken at a natural pace using conversational language that was written specifically for those with an intermediate level of German.
Additionally, it includes transcripts in English and German. However, it's not particularly cheap, costing $97.
Slow German mit Annik Rubens
Slow German is a podcast hosted by native German speaker Annik Rubens. Like News in Slow German, she speaks at a slower pace so you can follow along.
You can start with the introductory lessons to learn some basic words and phrases and work your way up to the more advanced episodes, which explore different aspects of German history and culture.
You can listen to most episodes for free, or you can pay for a Premium subscription and get access to lesson guides and bonus content. If you want to take a deeper dive into German culture while you learn the language, then Slow German mit Annik Rubens is a great place to start!
Authentic German Learning
Authentic German Learning is another intermediate podcast that requires you to have some basic understanding of grammar and vocabulary but is suitable for new learners. There are transcripts and translations on the website to help you out.
These episodes are hosted by Marco, a language tutor who also offers Skype lessons and an online language academy. Mark uses modern language-learning techniques and a fun, everyday style so it doesn't feel like a textbook German lesson. The episodes typically involve themes of personal growth and development.
Deutsch Wieso Nicht
This podcast picks up at level B1, where Deutsch Warum Nicht? left off. But instead of a story, you'll hear the hosts discuss all sorts of topics, including relationships, roommates, shopping, going to the dentist, and more. All of the lessons are available for free.
The team behind Deutsch Wieso Nicht also has a series called Marktplatz, which is intended for level B2 learners and covers topics related to business and finance. This is a must-listen for anyone planning to work in a corporate position in Germany, since it will teach you much of the relevant vocabulary and cultural attitudes around work.
Bayern 2 – Sozusagen!
Sozusagen is a podcast that explores the German language in more depth, including grammar quirks and regional dialects. Produced by the Bayern 2 public radio station, this is a great way to understand the nuances of the language. Episode topics include words borrowed from other languages and the technicalities of punctuation. Not for the casual learner, this podcast is more suitable for the linguistics nerd.
Weisst Du's Schon?
This podcast, which means "Do you already know?" is intended for German-speaking kids, but it's also great for language learners. These short episodes use riddles to teach children about animals. Follow along and see if you can guess the solution to the puzzle before it's revealed at the end of the episode!
If you're feeling confident in your skills and want to challenge yourself even further, check out a few of these native German podcasts. They aren't designed for language learners, but if you can keep up, they're a great way to improve your ear for new words and dialects. Many of them explore current events and cultural issues.
SBS German
SBS is an Australian news station and this is their German-language section. In addition to listening to the news in German, you can check out the Abentueur Lesen podcast, in which hosts Adrian Plitzco and Eva Murer explore the impact of children's books.
With over 120 episodes available on iTunes, this is a great way to improve your listening skills while learning about books that your kids or grandkids might enjoy reading. Each episode is around 30 minutes long and explores a different theme, such as stories about grandparents, gardening, or cooking.
Elementarfragen is an advanced podcast intended for German audiences that features in-depth interviews on particular topics. Episodes run for one to two hours and are free wherever you listen to podcasts.
The guests on this podcast discuss the "elementary questions" in life, covering topics ranging from science to politics. While intermediate learners may have a hard time keeping up, this is the perfect podcast for learners who plan to speak German in a professional or academic setting.
Produced by the same team behind Elementarfragen, this show features host Christian Möller as he interviews writers, musicians, artists, and other cultural figures in places that have some relevance to their lives, such as their birthplace or neighborhood.
This podcast, which translates to "through the area," can help get you familiar with more voices and dialects in an interview context.
The Zeitsprung podcast, which translates to "time jump," dives deep into German history, with episodes exploring everything from German immigrants in New York City to the revolutionary history of Bavaria. Not for newbies, these 1 to 2-hour episodes will give you a crash course in German history in the mother tongue.
Fest und Flauschig
Fest und Flauschig is a German-language podcast produced for Spotify in which hosts Olli Schulz and Jan Böhmermann talk about everything and nothing. If you want to get an ear for casual banter with exaggerated stories and some social commentary, then this is the podcast for you. Olli and Jan often host guests and occasionally record shows on the road. This is the most popular German-language podcast, on Spotify with over 100,000 listeners.
Regardless of your German level, podcasts can play a supporting role in helping you improve. There's no need to try to listen to everything on this list, but try a few that seem interesting to you, and see what sticks. Try to get into the habit of regularly listening.
If you're looking for something with a bit more structure, I'd recommend choosing an online German course. Additionally, if you'd still like more German practice materials, be sure to check out these YouTube channels.
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Chris / About Author
This post was originally written by Chris - an amazing freelance writer and experienced language learner.
It was edited by me - Nick Dahlhoff.
I'm the creator of All Language Resources. I'm not a polyglot who speaks 20 languages, in fact, I'm currently struggling with Mandarin. I'm not here to teach you how to learn a language – countless people are more qualified to do that than me. But, I have tried out an insane number of language learning resources. I want this site to remain the most comprehensive and least biased place to figure out which courses, podcasts, apps, websites, etc. are worth studying with. To learn more about myself, the site, or our reviewing process, check out the about page.
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Climate Change Rulebook Negotiated at COP24
Authors: Masa Njegovan
COP24 – the biggest international climate change negotiations since the 2015 Paris Agreement – formally finished last Saturday. Over 20,000 delegates from 197 countries gathered in Katowice, Poland, over the past two weeks to negotiate the rulebook for the Paris Agreement with guidelines for implementation of the climate action. Following the IPCC Special Report on global warming of 1.5 ° Celsius, all eyes were pointed at COP24 decision makers, with Sir David Attenborough taking the "people's seat" and calling on them to prevent "the collapse of our civilisations that is on the horizon".
However, even before it began, the conference failed to assure the public of the world leaders' intentions to act determinedly against climate change. This year's event took place in Poland, the country that tops the EU's list of the biggest coal energy producers generating 80% of electricity from coal, while the host city – Katowice – is the country's coal capital. Moreover, climate activists and delegates got a slap in the face when they learned that two Polish coal giants would sponsor the event, while Polish government openly rejected to commit to phase out coal.
The conference was a demonstration of flaws in climate diplomacy, with global leaders failing to find a common position in the multilateral field. Kuwait, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and the US – some of the world's largest oil-producing countries – objected to "welcoming" the scientific evidence from the latest IPCC report. Australia did not speak during the at-times heated debate – a silence noted by many countries on the floor of the conference – and it was widely seen as de facto support for the refusal countries. International climate finance was another problematic area, with some developed countries hesitating to replenish the Green Climate Fund that was supposed to raise $100 billion per year by 2020 (the total amount committed to date is at only 10% of targeted annual level).
While the messages of climate action were mixed, the interactive Talanoa dialogue showed the spirit of solidarity and communication, encouraging representatives to relax their positions and to explore new ideas for collective mitigation effort. The "We are still in" movement – including over 3,500 representatives from 50 US states – has restored global confidence in the US commitment to climate action, showing the world that there are ways to bypass politics. We have also observed positive action among multilateral organisations and private sector players. EBRD announced it would stop financing coal projects, and world-leading fashion companies spoke about their sustainability targets as an integral part of their business strategies, while private sector embraced their role in driving climate action through investment in renewable energy.
The conference had a nerve-racking finish. Negotiations were on a brink of collapse last Friday as the US delegation was unwilling to take a lead and commit to stronger pledges to cut fossil fuels and carbon emissions, with discussion running late into the night. After two weeks of negotiation, and two days of delay, climate diplomacy has given a more detailed set of rules for the Paris Agreement. The result is a guideline that will operationalise the transparency of mitigation and adaptation measures on national levels, as well as details of financial support for those measures, especially for developing countries.
The conclusion of most panels was that the three primary drivers of climate mitigation are long-term policy framework, finance and innovation, with government policy standing on the top of the pyramid. Without climate action plans clearly defined by each country, we don't stand a chance against climate change. Global targets were defined three years ago in Paris. We now need strong global leadership to ensure we can deliver on those pledges and show a satisfactory progress in the 2023 revision. This will require unprecedented international collaboration and a multidisciplinary approach to ensure the optimal mitigation strategy is implemented in each country. As long as there is willingness, we can make it happen.
Looking for insight from an on-the-ground expert?


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US Bombing of Bajaur Agency in Pakistan
The bombardment of houses in Bajaur agency of Pakistani tribal areas by US has opened a new dangerous chapter between the two countries and will further fuel the Afghan resistence against foreign occupation of their country. First the brief facts; on the night of 13th Jan a complex of tribal homes in Bajaur agency was targeted by US forces operating from Afghan territory. 18 deaths were reported, including 4 women and 6 children;8 dead were men. The US statement after the bombing said that the attack was meant to target Ayman al-Zawahiri, the No 2 commander of Al Qaeda and the strategic master mind. Sources disclosed that the prime target was not killed and that the information leading to the attack was based on erroneous intelligence. According to another source two of the stalwarts for the Movement for Shariat E Mohammadi in Malakand Agency in 2000 and latter, Maulana Faqir Mohammad and his close colloborator Maulana Liaquat, were both present that night in Damdola, the center of this activity.
The Pakistani authorities had earlier destroyed the house of Maulana Faqir for having sheltered an Al Qaeda operative Faraj Al-Libby, who was involved in the foiled assasination attempt on the Pakistani President, Gen Musharraf in Rawalpindi. Another puzzling point is the difference between the alleged dead, who are supposed to be 18 but the freshly dug graves are only 13? Who were the other 5 and where are their bodies? Or is the body count wrong and the dead are only 13? If there are 5 dead bodies missing then this is favourable to the US presumtions.
On the night of 7th Jan, another US attack reportedly took place on the Saidgi village in N. Waziristan. Sources disclose that in this attack both drones and helicopters were used. 8 persons were killed in this attack on the house of Maulvi Noor Mohammad, a local supporter of the Taliban. Reportedly two men were also flown away in custody by helicopters from this area for interrogation by US forces. It may be noted that N. Waziristan is the focus of intense military activity. Pakistani military out posts are being attacked with regularity by the local Taliban and the casualties have been high on both sides. But there is an accompanying but unnoted tragedy taking place and not commented upon by the media; it is the depopulation of the dense Tochi river valley. This has vast strategic and policy implications. The land is being left to the fighters; the same sort of depopulation that took place in the Mekong Delta in Vietnam prior to its domination by the Viet Cong; the land is by default being left to the Taliban. If civil society is not allowed to remain, it is playing into the hands of the very peple whom the government wants to discomfit. It is an erroneous strategy, which will strengthen the Taliban and help them re-group in a region, which will become a hornets nest difficult to control either by the US or Pakistani forces in the days to come. Areas like the Tochi valley with parts of S. Waziristan are likely to become the resource base of a rebel Islamic government in the near future with its own laws and courts – the very things that the present operation are preventing from arising. The existing startegy is thus obviously flawed.
The US action has also opened trouble some issues for the Pakistani government; people in the street are commenting that if the military cannot defend the sovereign boundaries of the state then what is it good for? The actions also bring out openly the difficulties of US unilateralism for allies; however it is open to question whether the US has the financial resources to maintain such an expensive policy inAfghanistan and Iraq? One thing is certain; as the political frustrations mount within the US the more will be the pressure on the US military to do something spectacular to prop the sinking ship of US policy – unfortunately, valuable lives will be lost in this power play. It is also certain that such policies will encourage and strengthen those very elements that US & Pakistani policy wants to eradicate. The negative impact on the districts of NWFP will not be long in coming. The security climate in Pakistan will very unhappily, deteriorate. With the increasing insurgency in Baluchistan and its alleged link with the current state of affairs in Iran, are we witnessing the first signs of future regional trouble threatening Pakistan's sovereignty?
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I was looking for the Nisei Store on DriveThru and MPC but haven't been able to find them. Am I bad at internetting? If there's a link to the specific location where we can snap purchase, can you post it please? Thanks!
The stores are not available yet, you have to wait until Monday for the official release.
I do love this story so much, because there is so much in it one can interpret.
Those three blocks are like reflecting what happened to ANR since last year.
The Beanstalk getting disrupted is like a symbol of the game falling off FFGs hands and how we suddenly got cut off.
Then, this warm story of Jose and Miguel, enjoying each other's company while talking about family stuff and having a great lunch - for me, that's like the community that gathered afterwards and stood together in high spirit in hard times.
Well written, meaningful and loaded with symbols and metaphors. Thank you.


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Mediaeval History
sufficient scholastic preparation
STORIA MEDIEVALE - MODULO 2
individual oral examination, with some questions relating to the program
knowledge of the main events and phenomena of medieval history, placed in the correct chronological order; identification of the fundamental causal relationships between events; critical analysis ability of political, institutional, social and economic structures
the course aims to analyze the general framework of Italian and European medieval history; during lessons students will be encouraged to read specific essays
manual of Medieval History chosen by:
G. Vitolo (Medioevo, I caratteri originali di un'età di transizione, Firenze, Sansoni, 2001 and later reprints),
A. Cortonesi (Il medioevo. Profilo di un millennio, Roma, Carocci, 2008 and later reprints), Gabriella Piccinni (I mille anni del Medioevo, Milano, Bruno Mondadori, 1999 , and later reprints); other to be agreed with the teacher;
A. Soddu, Poteri pubblici e poteri signorili nella Sardegna dei secoli XI-XII, in L'héritage byzantin, vol. 2,
Les cadres juridiques et sociaux, et les institutions publiques, a cura di J.-M. Martin, A. Peters-Custot, V. Prigent, Roma, 2012 (Collection de l'École française de Rome, 461), pp. 343-387
– G. MELONI, Il Condaghe di San Gavino, II ed. Cagliari, 2005
– G. MELONI - A. DESSI', Mondo rurale e Sardegna del XII secolo. Il Condaghe di Barisone II di Torres, Liguori Editore, Collana Nuovo Medioevo, n. 37, Napoli, 1994.
– G. MELONI, - Ramon Muntaner – Pietro IV d'Aragona, La conquista della Sardegna nelle cronache catalane, Nuoro, 1999
- G. MELONI, Il Parlamento di Pietro IV d'Aragona (1355) I ed., Sassari, 1993, II ed., Firenze, 1993.
– F. C. CASULA, Storia di Sardegna, Firenze, 1992 o Roma, 1994.
– Storia della Sardegna, LATERZA, Bari, diverse edizioni.
lectures on general aspects of medieval history and in depth analysis of specific topics of the course, enhanced by the review of different types of sources; field trips, visits to exhibitions, audiovisual
Readiness to offer individual assistance also in a foreign language to incoming students: Spanish
Availability of supporting material and bibliographic references also in a foreign language:
Salvador Claramunt y otros, Historia de la Edad Media, Barcelona, Ariel, 1992, y sucesivas ediciones
Readiness to accept examination of incoming students also in a foreign language: Spanish


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A Journey through Ancient Armenia
shobhagopinath / April 15, 2018
The Caucuses aren't on most people's bucket lists – it wasn't in ours either but sandstorms in the Gansu Silk Road at this time of year caused us to consider another destination. We're so glad we made this trip and perhaps you might decide to visit the Caucuses after reading this blog? We (my best friend Shyam and I) are going to spend the next 11 days exploring Armenia and Georgia – both old nations steeped in so much history and culture.
I discovered that most folks generally have a rough idea where Armenia and Georgia are but not everyone has a fix on their exact location and almost everyone reached for their phones to google it. So let me start with geography.
Armenia, which is actually in the Transcaususes, is landlocked by Iran to its south, Georgia to its north, Turkey to its west, Azerbaijan to its east. It lies in what can best be described as 'Eurasia' – the cross-roads between Asia and Europe. I have helpfully included a map:-)
Yerevan is not a city that you go 'wow' at immediately. It has a quiet buzz about it that grows on you. It is vibrant but not like a Paris vibrant, it is alive but not like a London alive … it bustles nonetheless with good restaurants, loads of cafes, friendly people and it has amazing museums. In this understated city, we landed at 1am having finally cleared immigration where our Singapore passports were scrutinised very closely. The officer took my passport away and consulted his senior, came back and examined it closely again before finally stamping it. S had a similar experience at the other counter. I guess not too many Singaporeans visit Armenia? Hey, the Armenian diaspora reached our shores too and we even have an Armenian Church which is on the list of places to visit in Singapore.
We were met by a sweet and pleasant young lady, Katar, our guide for the duration of our stay. Despite the hour she greeted us with such a welcoming smile and a fresh face! She was like that throughout our days here and we got on so well together. She was a fountain of knowledge and we were to learn so much from her. Our driver, Mello, didn't speak English and so he was quiet most of the time greeting us with nods and smiles. We were driven to our hotel which was smack in the centre of the city. Our flight was a long one, made even longer by the 7 hour transit in Doha (sorry Doha, I don't know how you thought you could even compete with Singapore's Changi), so we were quite ready for a shower and bed.
We were up early and after breakfast, went walkabout. Yerevan, we were told is very safe – and we felt safe too. We walked a fair bit, sticking out as the camera-toting tourists that we were but no one paid much heed. Folks were busily setting off for work.
We stopped at the 12th century Saint Astvatsatsin Church. It would be the first of the many ancient churches and monasteries we would visit. As I have a particular interest in street art/graffiti we walked on in search of and found the Edgar Allan Poe street art I'd read about. Poe made his appearance in a couple of places but we weren't able to find out why he was popular with street artists in Yerevan. It just seemed a little odd. We also went looking for a particular door (another interest) but weren't successful in finding it. We did all this and got back to the hotel by 9am which was the time we agreed to meet Katar. By this time, it started pouring – just as well that today was going to be a museum day.
Saint Astvatsatsin Church
The History Museum was huge and impressive. We could not possibly have covered every hall, so we requested that the docent take us through the most important halls. The Bronze Age artefacts were amazing. Two items stood out for me – a wooden chariot that was excavated from a partially drained Lake Sevan. How could a chariot made of wood have kept so well preserved lying in the bottom of a lake? The second item that piqued my interest was the world's oldest shoe – dating back to 3500 B.C.! It seemed in remarkably good shape, and was apparently found stuffed with grass so it would keep its shape. The hours in the museum were truly well spent.
Our next stop was equally captivating – the Matenadaran (meaning 'book depository'). It is a manuscript library housing ancient parchments and manuscripts not only from Armenia but ancient Greece, Rome, Persia, Arabia, India. It was a stunning collection.
We learned that St Mesrop Mashtots' was responsible for inventing and systematizing the Armenian alphabet. The alphabet also had a numeric function as well. Letters and numbers were the same! It has gone through several iterations since then and numbers and letters are separate now.
Lunch was at a restaurant called 'The Club' – our first proper Armenian fare. It didn't disappoint. The food everywhere we visited was excellent but the portions were enormous. We sometimes had it packed and had it for dinner.
That's just the starters!
The Armenian Question
The rain had stopped by this time and we were able to walk around the Armenian Genocide Memorial and Museum. The memorial consists of a 40m spire and 12 basalt towers surrounding the eternal flame.
The 40m Spire
The towers around the eternal flame
Armenia has a tragic past. She faced centuries of conquests and occupation – by the Mongols, the Persians, the Turks, the Russians and with each the borders and territories kept shifting as well. But none is so tragic as the Armenian Genocide which some refer to as the world's first holocaust. The persecution of Armenians under the Ottoman Empire came to the world's attention in the 19th century as the Armenians fought for their rights under Ottoman rule, the response from Sultan Hamid II (aka "Red Hamid") was to massacre almost 300,000 Armenians. Later, in 1915, the party known as the 'Young Turks' ordered the deportation of all Armenians from the Ottoman Empire and mass murder was committed at the time.
It remains a matter of contention as to whether there was a systematic pogrom of extermination. Turkey, till today denies it and contests the term 'genocide'. Whatever the label, between 1915 and 1922, 1.5million Armenians were murdered or forced into the desert without food or water where they died. This is not in dispute.
The museum holds vivid photographs and documents that tell the story of this tragedy. Despite centuries of strife, conflict, oppression and loss, the Armenians have emerged resilient and strong.
Armenian Brandy
It was late evening by the time we finished at the memorial and we still had one more stop. This one not as sombre or depressing – the Ararat distillery. We joined the group tour a little late and were taken through the brandy-making process. I never knew that Armenian brandy was so sought after. The story goes that Churchill was partial to it and Stalin had crates sent to him regularly.
There was one special barrel in the distillery called the "Peace Barrel" that has been left to age and which will only be opened when the issue of Nagorno-Karabakh is resolved. I sincerely hope the barrel will be opened in my lifetime.
At the end of the tour the group was treated to a sampling of the Ararat 3 year old and 10 year old 'Akhtamar' (more of the legend of Akhtamar later). I wasn't quite sure if 40% alcohol before dinner was a good thing but I was pleasantly surprised at how smooth the brandy was, especially the 10 year old. And may I add that there were no ill-effects whatsoever.
It had been a full day and after we were dropped off at our hotel, we set out in search of the restaurants that were recommended to us. One of these had the door that I was searching for! Unfortunately the door was wide open and I couldn't photograph it. We settled on a restaurant and enjoyed yet another good meal. Once again the portions were a tad too much for us.
We took a stroll around Republic Square which was was lit up and the place abuzz. After some photography, we decided to head back and call it a day.
Republic Square at night
Our itinerary would give us a good glimpse of the country – we would drive south-west, then east and then north to Georgia stopping at various places along the way. Tomorrow we would be heading south-west to the Ararat Plains.
The Ararat Plains
Mt Ararat
As we drove out of the city this morning, we got the inescapable view of the biblical Mt Ararat. There was much cloud cover over the peak but the majesty of it was still awesome. It hovered over the city like a grand guardian watching over the plains. Mt Ararat is inextricably linked with the Armenian culture, even their coat of arms has it in its centre with a small boat-like structure on top of it, signifying the Ark.
According to the Book of Genesis, Noah's Ark came to rest on Mt Ararat. Armenians themselves believe they are descendants of Hayk, the grandson of Noah. (Armenia was previously called 'Hayastan'). So it is a wistful irony indeed that Mt Ararat is not in Armenia but in Turkey. The Soviets made an agreement which gave away that part of the country to Turkey. (Similar story with Nagorno-Karabakh to Azerbaijan). Our drive today took us close to the Turkish border and from this side of the plains we stood and admired the majesty of nature. (No, we couldn't see the Ark:-) … Satellite pictures have apparently picked up a boat-shaped structure but despite attempts to prove it, no one has been able to provide conclusive evidence of the Ark.)
We were headed to the Khor Virap monastery. Before we got to it – we stopped the car and jumped out to get the ubiquitous photo of Khor Virap against the backdrop of the beautiful Mt Ararat.
Khor Virap against the backdrop of Mt Ararat
This is where St Gregory the Illuminator was imprisoned by King Trydat III for preaching Christianity. He was put into a deep pit with snakes and was imprisoned there for 12 years. The King was to suffer an illness that made him go mad and he was told that St Gregory would be able to cure him. And so it was that St Gregory was released and cure the King he did. The grateful King converted to Christianity and that is how Armenia became the first country in the world to adopt Christianity as its official religion in AD 301. St Gregory became the first Catholicos (Head) of the Armenian Apostolic Church.
Inside Khor Virap chapel
The pit was deep (about 6 metres) and we decided it was enough to imagine what it was like and did not descend the steep stairs into it.
Geghard Monastery (The Monastery of the Lance)
According to the Gospel of John, Jesus was pierced in his side by a lance while hanging from the cross. Although we weren't told that the lance was in this monastery I had read one claim that it was being guarded within the Geghard monastery. Over the centuries, a number of churches have claimed to possess this sacred object so it is still a question mark as to where the lance really is. Part of this ancient church is carved in the rock face of a mountain.
Rock hewn church
Geghard monastery
The monastery was built in the 4th century and the oldest surviving chapel in the complex was build in the 12th century. As we explored the monastery, we came upon a burial vault which we were told had the most beautiful acoustics. No sooner than we were told this, a young girl, who looked like a tourist, began to sing a most melodious song. The effect, standing inside this ancient structure, listening to this beautiful song as it rose and reverberated, was simply electrifying. I had goose bumps. We told her how magnificent her singing was and she smiled shyly and walked away. So we can now vouch for the fact that the acoustics is indeed amazing.
Burial vault with beautiful acoustics
In another part of the complex was a natural spring. It was so dark inside and we needed a torchlight to light our way. We found the spring. It is said that if you pray and drink from the spring, your prayers will be answered. So we did:-)
A word about the Armenian cross-stones or kachkars. Every church in Armenia has them. They are meant to act as a focal point for worship, 'facilitating communication between the secular and the divine.' The entrance to one of the caves had these cross-stones carved into the wall. In other places, the stones were in the ground. These are unique to Armenia and there are more than 50,000 kachkars in Armenia.
Cross-stones
Vendors outside the monastery selling delicious Armenian snacks
Symphony of Stones
From there we drove to a village where we transferred to a 4×4 vehicle for the drive down to the Garni Gorge. There we got off and walked along the Azat and Goght rivers (the two rivers meet at a point in this canyon) and were completely gobsmacked as we came upon the absolutely incredible 'Symphony of Stones'. The entire canyon is formed by regular hexagonal cylinders of varying lengths. It is almost impossible to describe it, I'll leave my photos to do the explaining. We lingered here a long while, taking gazillion photos.
Just for perspective, that's S in the corner
It was time for lunch and as there were no restaurants in the village, arrangements were made to have lunch at 'Sergei's house'. Sergei and his family are clearly very enterprising seeing the need to feed hungry tourists who come to their village in droves. So we turned up at Sergei's house and not only were we treated to the most delicious meal of soup, fish and rice, we were also able to see how they made lavash – a thin flatbread made in an earthen oven like a 'tandoor'. The meal was most satisfying especially the soup.
Making lavash
Temple of Garni
We continued with our exploration of the area, this time to the Garni Temple, the only surviving 'pagan' structure in Armenia. Once Christianity was adopted, St Gregory set about destroying all pagan temples and building churches on top of it. A pity. Otherwise we would have even older structures.
The temple of Garni survived only because the King's sister converted it as a summer house. We caught a glimpse of this parthenon-like structure from the gorge earlier and it looked positively Greek. But it was built in 1 A.D by Armenians and was dedicated to the sun god Mihr.
Garni Temple
As we were walking up the hill, it came "alive with the sound of music". Two men, one playing the violin and the other singing with gusto, against the background of mountains, provided us some entertainment. They were being filmed and we joined in with our cameras.
'The hills are alive with the sound of music'
It was evening by the time we got back to Yerevan and we stopped at the famous Cascades. For want of a better description, it is a huge stairway built into the side of a hill with fountains and waterfalls and thus its name. The fountains and waterfalls were not on when we went. We took escalators to go up and viewed the many art displays along the way up and from the top walked all the way down. It is a popular meeting place with cafes and outdoor seats for a nice evening.
The Cascades
What a day. Only our second day and already we had taken in so much.
What do you do on Easter in the county that first adopted Christianity? You attend mass in the world's oldest cathedral of course.
On the way to Echmiadzin where the cathedral is, we stopped at the St Hripsime church. Hripsime was apparently an attractive Roman nun who fled Rome (with her companion nuns, Gayana and Nune) to escape marriage to the Roman emperor Diocletian, only to attract the attention of King Trydat III (he was not yet a Christian convert at this point you see). She refused his hand in marriage, staunch in her faith and to her vows as a nun. Thus spurned, the King had her stoned to death. The story has many versions and this is the least horrific.
Surp Hripsime
The Echmiadzin Cathedral is considered the 'Vatican' of the Armenian Apostolic Church and purportedly the world's oldest cathedral. There were devout worshippers and among them curious tourists. What was particularly annoying were the tourists who used their selfie-sticks inside the crowded cathedral! It's a wonder that no one got poked in the eye or hit on the head!
As in all the active churches, women have to have their heads covered. So with our heads covered, we entered this grand and beautiful cathedral. There were no pews. Standing only. We had to jostle a bit with secret servicemen (their ear piece being the dead giveaway) and we realised there were also dignitaries in the front row – possibly the President. But when the mass began, led by the Catholicos of the Armenian Church, there was a hush and it was as solemn as it was grand. Although we did not understand a word of what was being chanted, the solemnity and piety in the atmosphere was palpable. The choir was mesmerising. We must have stayed for about an hour, joining in with our own prayers and supplication. What an experience.
On our way back to Yerevan, we stopped at the ruins of Zvartnots – a 7th century 'Celestial Angels Cathedral'. With Mt Ararat in the background, it made for a stunning image.
The ruins of Zvartnots
Easter lunch was an interesting affair at the Taverna Yerevan. Traditional red eggs were served and we also learnt the tradition of 'the egg fight'. One picks an egg and hits the other person's egg with it and the one with the egg unbroken wins and gets to keep it. Of course we had to observe tradition! But then we also had our eggs and ate them.
The rest of our day was free and we were glad as that would allow Katar and Mello to spend the rest of Easter with their families.
We walked back to our hotel and spent a couple of hours editing our photos from the last few days and making notes of all that we had seen and learnt and there was a lot!
In the evening we decided to check out the Vernissage Market – a veritable hub of all things Armenian – jewellery, carpets, art, t-shirts, bags, books … and as we approached the book stall, the friendly elderly gentleman minding the stall, stood up and asked where we were from. He then went on to recite something which was supposedly 'Singaporean' and asked if we knew it. We hardly understood what he had recited or even the language! He said someone had taught him that and had told him it was 'Singaporean'. We were sorry to disappoint him. He continued reciting poems in Armenian and English. What impressed us was his recital of the poem 'Mother' which S said she had learnt in school but had forgotten.
He was very proud of the fact that he was 75 and could still remember his poetry and recite them by heart. His friend sitting nearby clearly thought he was talking too much and kept muttering and grumbling to him. S bought a book and we could only get away when another customer came along and asked him something. He wished us well and we said our goodbyes. He said he liked us because we were "warm and simple" and he thought we may have met in a previous life! He is a lovely man. If you're ever in Yerevan, do go by the bookstalls and ask for Frunzik.
Mr Frunzik, the bookseller
Our last morning in Yerevan. We were picked up after breakfast and we set off to Lake Sevan. As we drove away, ours eyes were pulled by the sight of Mt Ararat, this time not under any cloud cover and her full majesty could be seen. What a lovely way to depart.
Lake Sevan is the largest lake in the Caucuses and one of the world's highest freshwater lakes at 1900m above sea level. We stopped to take in the view and visit the ruins of the Sevanavank monastery and two churches that were built in the 9th century. Apparently the monastery was a place to reform errant monks. Strictly no women allowed in the 9th century. They would be horrified had they known that in the 21st century there would be women traipsing all over the complex.
Sevanavank monastery complex
Our journey north took us alongside the beautiful Pambak Mountain Range and many stops were made along the way for us to make our photos. This slowed us down considerably.
Pambak Mountain Range
Scenery along our drive
We finally pulled into Dilijian, often referred to as 'The Switzerland of Armenia'. We took a short walk around and came across a wood carver's workshop. The wood carver was in and did not mind our poking around and watching him carve.
Wood carver at work
One of his pieces
We proceeded on to the Lori region in the far north and stopped at Alaverdi for lunch. As we drove into Alaverdi, we were greeted by the ghastly sight of a copper mining factory which really had an other-worldly appearance. A real blight on an otherwise pristine landscape. It was belching out thick smoke into the air and causing an incredible haze that covered the mountainside. As Katar explained, this was created by the Soviets and the copper mine provides much needed jobs to the locals. There were drab Soviet-style blocks of flats that truly was inconsistent with its beautiful and dramatic natural setting.
Driving past and away from the copper mine
We stopped for lunch. Everywhere we ate, the food has been consistently good. We had another excellent meal and this time tried Armenian beer as well. Thus fortified, we drove up a mountain to visit the Haghphat Monastery and later we drove down the mountain and up another mountain to get to the Sanahin Monastery.
The story is that a father and son were building the Haghphat Monastery and the son then decided to strike out on his own and went on to build the Sanahin Monastery. He built it in record time which is why it was named 'sanahin' which means 'this one is older than that one'. We spent a considerable amount of time in these monasteries especially Sanahin as the evening light was perfect.
Ancient fresco inside Haghphat Monastery
Haghphat Monastery complex
Sanahin Monastery ('this one is older than that one')
Inside Sanahin Monastery
Our many long drives were never boring. Either there was mesmerising scenery to gape at or great conversation to be had. Katar was full of stories – legends and historical tales. We spoke of the Armenian Diaspora and of the many famous Armenians – we had a quiz to see how many we knew – there are a fair few I tell you! (and noooo the Kadarshians didn't count!). Our contribution was that the Raffles Hotel in Singapore (and E&O in Penang) was owned by two Armenian brothers, the Sarkies (rather embarrassingly we couldn't quite remember their names just then).
At one point as we drove past a statue of "Akhtamar", Katar pulled out the English translation of a poem called "Akhtamar" by a famous Armenian poet, Toumanian. Her recitation was replete with pain and emotion. We applauded in appreciation. Here's the link, if you're interested in reading it: https://www.poemhunter.com/poem/akhtamar/
Another poem she read to us was the delightful "TheDog and the Cat" also by Toumanian: https://www.poemhunter.com/poem/the-dog-and-the-cat-3/. Driving with good company is such a great way to see a country. You stop where you want, wander around, get a feel of the place and carry on.
The lovely Katar, reading 'The Dog and the Cat"
With all our stopping for photos, we tended to be slightly behind on our schedule but it didn't matter. We weren't in any hurry. Our last stop for the night was Dzoraget, surrounded by mountains. Our hotel was located by a gushing river which was very relaxing.
Tomorrow we drive to the Georgian border.
Farewell Armenia
Our last drive out in Armenia. This time to the border town of Bagratashen which was about an hour and half from where we were. We thoroughly enjoyed our time here and are so grateful to Katar and Mello for their hospitality and care and to Katar especially for sharing so much of her knowledge with us.
It is truly a place of great heritage, history, culture and wonderful people.
Shnorhagalem! (Thank you!)
If you'd like to see more photos of this trip, please click on the following link: https://www.shobhagopinath.com/Travel/2018-Armenia/
After hugs and farewells to Katar at the Armenian checkpoint, Mello drove us to the Georgian checkpoint where we were met by the vivacious Nino and gentle Georgita for the second half of our Caucuses journey.
April 15, 2018 in Armenia.
Georgia – The Heart of the Caucuses
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Georgia – The Heart of the Caucuses →
5 thoughts on "A Journey through Ancient Armenia"
El says:
Shob, I am captivated by the stillness and beauty of your photography…so inspiring!
Anna Karapetyan says:
Reblogged this on Exploring the Land of Ararat.
Shobha Nair says:
Lovely pics and a great narration. To me it looked like it Armenia has been able to preserve its tradition, culture and its monuments
Thank you Shobha:-) The Armenians are resilient people!
Yeo Puay Huei says:
Wow!! Another traveller's journal – thank you! Well, how was the wooden chariot preserved so well at the bottom a lake? This journal's pronouns surely used up all the alphabets – what long names. Love the photography.
Hugs, huei


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Since 1968 constant participant of Republican and International exhibitions and International Art Fairs. His works are displayed at Modern Art Museum of Armenia, Museum of National Architecture and Urban Life (Gyumri, Armenia) and in private collections in USA, Germany, France, Switzerland and Russia.
A very inventive storyteller, Kazaz blurs the distinction between drawing, painting, and sculpture. By its spontaneous nature, drawing is his most fluid activity, followed by sculpture, and then painting, which, more often than not, seems sculptural. Kazaz is also a master of emotional transparency. His animated gestures and atypical postures project internal thoughts as secondary props, i.e. building details, cups, hats, etc. add to pictorial succulence and multilayered translations. All of his works are dominated by atmosphere, color, and implication; with a twist of the brush, a dab of color, or glob of clay, he creates a nose, a questioning gaze, and/or personal with complicated social situations as tiny pieces of architectural detail, furniture, or landscape identify locations in which his participants read their lines, and life their lives.
In a sense, Kazaz has a lot in common with William Shakespeare, because both stage the world's epic stores within highly controlled microenvironments. His art brings us closer to the fringe of human nature that most, attaches itself to something deep within each of us and, like cartographer, his imagination makes maps that locate new meanings within our own personal histories. We user the coordinates to fine ourselves within the loose and fluid human narrative that is never finished. There is nothing subtle about Kazaz's connections. Whether on paper, linen, or cast in bronze, his well-crafted people, places and things, his poetics of imagination imitate nothing. They are real. However, in their presence it is not difficult for the viewer to be transported out of their time and place.
Armenian born artist Emil Kazaz creates mythological grounded figures within a realm of half-light. His themes are a blend of sensual mysticism and provocative introspection -beauty, love and valor prevail. Kazaz's characters are original, acutely observed, and marvelously refreshing -especially considering how well worn this territory is. Although often obscured by the appearance of conformity to western classical figurative tradition, his sophisticated and culturally diverse aesthetic psychology produces a living rather than mummified iconography, not from frozen in time but archetype dancing to our collective internal rhythms. Once you recognize his anti-formal dances, the classicism becomes transparent.
Kazaz's approach to Art brings us to the fringe of human nature. Masked by rich color, pattern and texture, attached to brilliant forms, Kazaz's attention to detail is never for its own sake. They are links that connect us to his reconstructed nature, philosophical fragments burning with supernatural potency, that set boundaries and make rules. Kazaz's powers of imitation and aesthetic judgment fool us into thinking we know his terrain. However, upon closer inspection, we find ourselves questioning our very nature while tightly holding on to what we believe, and accepting flux as stability.
There are countless gods, heroes, and demons in our world. You can find them everywhere. They are in Art, literature, and religion. Kazaz's vigilance catches these ethereal beings overseeing the normal routine of everyday people.
Emil Kazaz has been living in Los Angeles, California (USA) since the 80's, where he has been developing very successful international career.
Adapted from "Emil Kazaz" and "Nature and the Art of Emil Kazaz" by Joe Lewis.


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Whoops. You have to find the terminals on each of the three levels to save the station. Good luck!


text:
Q: How to merge sequenced duplicate values inside string_agg I have a table like the following:
create table path(
  id integer,
  start varchar(255),
  finish varchar(255),
  client integer

);

INSERT INTO path(id, start, finish, client) VALUES (1, '1', '2', 1);
INSERT INTO path(id, start, finish, client) VALUES (2, '2', '3', 1);
INSERT INTO path(id, start, finish, client) VALUES (3, '3', '4', 1);
INSERT INTO path(id, start, finish, client) VALUES (4, '5', '6', 1);

I've tried the following query:
select string_agg(start || ' -> ' ||finish, ', ' order by id) from path group by client;

and the result was like that:
1 -> 2, 2 -> 3, 3 -> 4, 5 -> 6

How can I get the following result if two sequenced values are the same:
1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4, 5 -> 6

Here's the Sql Fiddle link.

A: As mentioned in my comment, a recursive CTE will produce this. As an example:
WITH RECURSIVE reccte AS
(
  /*Recursive Seed - Records that will start recursion*/
  SELECT id, start, finish, client, start || '->' || finish as path, 1 as depth
  FROM path
  WHERE id = 1
  UNION ALL
  /*Recursive Term - This will be the statement that iterates until the join fails*/
  SELECT
    path.id, path.start, path.finish, path.client, reccte.path || '->' || path.finish, depth + 1
  FROM reccte
    INNER JOIN path ON reccte.finish = path.start
  WHERE depth < 20 /*make sure we don't loop endlessly*/
)
SELECT * FROM reccte;

+----+-------+--------+--------+---------------+-------+
| id | start | finish | client |     path      | depth |
+----+-------+--------+--------+---------------+-------+
|  1 |     1 |      2 |      1 | 1->2          |     1 |
|  2 |     2 |      3 |      1 | 1->2->3       |     2 |
|  3 |     3 |      4 |      1 | 1->2->3->4    |     3 |
|  4 |     4 |      5 |      1 | 1->2->3->4->5 |     4 |
+----+-------+--------+--------+---------------+-------+

That final SELECT can be changed out to SELECT path FROM reccte ORDER BY depth DESC LIMIT 1; in this example to go after the record you want.
UPDATED:
The solution is still the same here, we just tweak the recursive CTE and final select to get the different full branches/path for your hierarchy:
http://sqlfiddle.com/#!17/2892f/6
WITH RECURSIVE reccte AS
(
  SELECT id as origin, id, start, finish, client, start || ' -> ' || finish as path, 1 as depth
  FROM path
  WHERE start NOT IN (SELECT distinct finish FROM path)
  UNION ALL
  SELECT
    reccte.origin, path.id, path.start, path.finish, path.client, reccte.path || ' -> ' || path.finish, depth + 1
  FROM reccte
    INNER JOIN path ON reccte.finish = path.start
  WHERE depth < 20 /*make sure we don't loop endlessly*/
)
SELECT * FROM (SELECT origin, path, depth, max(depth) OVER (PARTITION BY origin) as maxdepth FROM reccte) sub WHERE sub.maxdepth = depth;

+--------+------------------+-------+----------+
| origin |       path       | depth | maxdepth |
+--------+------------------+-------+----------+
|      1 | 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 |     3 |        3 |
|      4 | 5 -> 6           |     1 |        1 |
+--------+------------------+-------+----------+

You can string_agg() here too in that final select to get EXACTLY the output in your updated question:
http://sqlfiddle.com/#!17/2892f/5
SELECT STRING_AGG(path, ', ' order by origin) FROM (SELECT origin, path, depth, max(depth) OVER (PARTITION BY origin) as maxdepth FROM reccte) sub WHERE sub.maxdepth = depth;

+--------------------------+
|        string_agg        |
+--------------------------+
| 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4, 5 -> 6 |
+--------------------------+

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Shocking News: Sushant Singh Rajput committed suicide at his Mumbai Home
Yashshvi 3 years ago
Sushant Singh Rajput, the 34-year-old Bollywood actor committed suicide today in his Mumbai house. He was debuted in Kai Po Chee and was last seen in the Chhichhore movie. It has been found that early morning this Bollywood actor was found hanging in his room of Bandra, Mumbai. Some of his friends were also present at the home when his body was discovered hanging with the fan, the door to his room was broken.
Initial reports from the police department said that he was suffering from depression from the past six months whereas some people are saying he was in a depression for the last 4 years. However, no suicide note is discovered but the officials and other co-actors, producers with him are saying that he was suffering from depression for so long. According to sources, Sushant Singh Rajput hosted a close group of friends at home on Saturday night. However, nothing has been confirmed yet, he has gone so late to bed and the house help was not surprised that he was not up because it was Sunday morning. But at noon, he tried to knock at the door of Sushant Singh Rajput and no response came, then the house helper called Sushant friends and they forced to open the door. It broke down and he was found hanging with the fan. Therefore, this is one of the most shocking news in the year 2020.
Sushant has made a big name for himself from the set of Pavitra Rishta were he played the lead role. After that only, he entered to the big screen, he was such a good and stunning actor. So many actors reacted so shockingly to this news. Akshay Kumar said that "This was very shocking news as Sushant was seriously a good actor and I loved to watch this movie of MS Dhoni." Ajay Devgan also said that "I'm speechless, I have nothing to say that such a stunning actor committed suicide." Many more other actors tweeted on Twitter, you can go and check.
Honestly, this year is to be regarded as one of the worst years in Indian history as Bollywood lost three gems in just two months only, first Irrfan Khan, then Rishi Kapoor, the singer Wajid Khan and now Sushant Singh Rajput. May all of their souls rest in peace #RIP #Worst the year 2020.
Stay connected to have more updates on the death of Sushant Singh Rajput.
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