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Kellye SoRelle: Oath Keeper Capper or Potential Pivot?
September 2, 2022 /22 Comments/in 2020 Presidential Election, January 6 Insurrection /by emptywheel
The government arrested Kellye SoRelle yesterday via an indictment charging three counts of obstruction and one count of trespassing. She's best known as the lawyer for the Oath Keepers, though for a period she was acting as the President of the militia.
That she was arrested was not surprising. It has been known for some time that she's the person who advised Rhodes to start deleting evidence of his activities on January 6, which he and others did. She even admitted it to MoJo's Dan Friedman. Those who did delete their comms have all been charged for deleting evidence. The government even included that in Joshua James' statement of offense, who is now cooperating with the government.
On January 8, 2021, James received a Signal message, in a group chat that included Rhodes, from an individual he understood to be an attorney for the Oath Keepers that stated, "STEWART: YOU ALL NEED TO DELETE ANY OF YOUR COMMENTS REGARDING WHO DID WHAT. You are under zero obligation to leave them up. You/we have not yet gotten a preservation order instructing us to retain those chat comments. So DELETE THEM. I can't delete them because this is a legacy Signal chat that doesn't let me delete comments. Only the comment author can delete a comment. So GET BUSY. DELETE your self-incriminating comments or those that can incriminate others. Start now …"
So it's unsurprising that she was also charged under 18 USC 1512(b)(2) for corruptly persuading and attempting to corruptly persuade others to delete evidence.
On its face, the indictment against SoRelle is all about capping off the Oath Keeper conspiracy. Her arrest warrant lists the two conspiracies, 22-cr-15 (the Rhodes seditious conspiracy) and 21-cr-28 (the lesser conspiracy now named after Donovan Crowl), as related cases, landing her case before Judge Amit Mehta. All seven of the Oath Keeper prosecutors were listed on the motion to seal her arrest warrant.
At that level, charging her seems like a way to ensure defendants in the sedition trial cannot foist all the blame for deleting those communications off on an uncharged co-conspirator. In fact, Gateway Pundit, which has invented some of the central conspiracy theories about this case (including one spun directly by SoRelle), yesterday complained that DOJ only charged SoRelle because she recently agreed to testify in Rhodes' defense.
Gateway Pundit's earlier conspiracy theory, based on claims made by another cooperating Oath Keeper witness, Jason Dolan, appears to be one of the ways prosecutors managed to argue that her communications were not privileged.
As such, much of this indictment is about capping off the Oath Keeper case. But there are a few details that I find interesting.
First, unlike Michael Greene (the field commander for the Oath Keepers the day of the attack), who was superseded into the Crowl (lesser) conspiracy case on June 22, SoRelle was charged via indictment with conspiracy by herself. By comparison, when DOJ spun Jonathan Walden off onto his own indictment, the conspiracy charge against him was dropped.
Perhaps DOJ treated her this way because she mostly just interacted with Rhodes on January 6, but since she didn't do anything meriting a sedition charge, she was charged by herself?
But there are other details that make me wonder whether DOJ isn't doing something more by charging her.
SoRelle was charged by the same grand jury that did the bulk of the investigative work against all January 6 attackers for all of 2021, but which focused especially on the Oath Keepers. Its work seemed to culminate in January with the seditious conspiracy indictment. Since then, its main public work was to supersede Greene into the lesser conspiracy, 17 months after it was convened, as well as supserseding the Rhodes indictment to tweak how sedition was charged, also in that 17th month.
But the indictment against SoRelle means that grand jury is still at work in the 19th month after it was convened. Grand juries are usually convened for 18 months, so this seems to suggest the Oath Keeper grand jury has been extended, and extended (thus far) solely to charge someone whose phone the government seized last September.
Meanwhile, SoRelle's indictment seems to have been initialed by Jocelyn Ballantine.
Up until now, Ballantine was known only to have a (behind-the-scenes) role in managing the Proud Boys investigation, which is not only less orderly than the Oath Keepers investigation, but seems to be understaffed, particularly as compared to the consistent 7-person team that has relentlessly pursued the Oath Keepers.
One reason you might charge SoRelle, by herself, on a conspiracy indictment is to add others to it. And while she's best known for her role with the Oath Keepers and this indictment is closely tied to the Oath Keepers prong of the investigation, she actually has a number of ties to other key players in January 6.
She was present at the January 4, 2021 parking garage meeting between Rhodes and Enrique Tarrio, for example. She would have been a key facilitator for it. At the time, she was serving as the lawyer for both the Oath Keepers and Latinos for Trump. (It was via Tarrio's involvement in Latinos for Trump that he went on December tour of the White House, arranged by Bianca Gracia, who was also at that garage meeting.)
As Ryan Reilly noted yesterday, SoRelle was also a volunteer for Lawyers for Trump, and in that guise, Rhodes tried to get her to put him in touch with people in Trump's orbit. SoRelle claims that she declined to do that.
In the weeks leading up to the Jan. 6 attack on the Capitol, Oath Keepers founder Stewart Rhodes tried to get the organization's general counsel, Kellye SoRelle, to put him in touch with the White House, she told NBC News.
In addition to her work with the Oath Keepers, SoRelle was a volunteer for Lawyers for Trump during the 2020 election and was in contact with many of the people fighting a doomed legal battle to try to overturn the 2020 presidential election and keep former President Donald Trump in office. The contacts include, she said, people in Rudy Giuliani's and Sidney Powell's camps, as well as those inside the administration, although she added that she "wasn't, like, communicating with Trump directly."
Rhodes wanted her to put him in touch with the White House. "He was hitting me up for a contact," said SoRelle, a family law lawyer who previously ran for the Texas state House. "He didn't have any access points."
As he prepared an open letter calling on Trump to invoke the Insurrection Act in the weeks leading up to Jan. 6, 2021, Rhodes asked SoRelle to send it to the White House. She says she declined.
SoRelle has been caught making false claims to the press before.
Finally, in the clip of SoRelle's testimony to the January 6 Committee that has been made public, she described how Roger Stone, Alex Jones, and Ali Alexander took the lead on planning the Stop the Steal events.
JAMIE RASKIN: Kelly Sorrell, a lawyer who assists the Oath Keepers and a volunteer lawyer for the Trump campaign, explained to the committee how Roger Stone and other figures brought extremists of different stripes and views together. [Begin videotape]
UNKNOWN: You mentioned that Mr. Stone wanted to start the Stop the Steal series of rallies. Who did you consider the leader of these rallies? It sounds like from what you just said, it was Mr. Stone, Mr. Jones, and Mr. Ali Alexander. Is that correct?
KELLY SORRELL: Those are the ones that became like the — the center point for everything. [End videotape]
In other words, while SoRelle didn't breach the Capitol in body armor like the rest of the Oath Keepers, she was (along with Roger Stone) one of the key pivots between the Oath Keepers and the rest of the organizing effort behind January 6. She was networked with other planners in a way that even Rhodes was not.
For over a year, I've been describing that the elegant thing about the obstruction conspiracy charges DOJ has used to charge the Oath Keepers, Proud Boys, and others, is those separate conspiracies might one day start to coalesce via the nodes between them. Kellye SoRelle has, by all appearances, been charged in a conspiracy with the Oath Keepers.But if she also conspired on other aspects of January 6 with other people and organizations, including White House lawyers, then the various existing conspiracies might network into a larger conspiracy.
The lead prosecutor on SoRelle's case, incidentally, also happens to be the lead prosecutor on Owen Shroyer's prosecution.
Update: Corrected that SoRelle stepped down as President when Rhodes was arrested.
Tags: Amit Mehta, Bianca Gracia, Enrique Tarrio, Jason Dolan, Jocelyn Ballantine, Jonathan Walden, Joshua James, Kellye Sorelle, Michael Greene, Stewart Rhodes
https://www.emptywheel.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/SoRelle.jpeg 762 1394 emptywheel https://www.emptywheel.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Logo-Web.png emptywheel2022-09-02 06:14:072022-09-02 08:29:08Kellye SoRelle: Oath Keeper Capper or Potential Pivot?
J R in WV says:
Love how you bring these deranged conspirators together so delicately one after the other.
Thanks for all the hard work!
Amers says:
If she were also involved with fake electors scheme would that be a part of this indictment, or would that be dealt with at a state level?
SoRelle and another insurance company attorney-LoTR loving-insurrectionist Paul Davis filed a suit on January 18, 2021 against everybody and their brother for violating the Help America Vote Act, demanding the 2020 election results be overturned, but to the best of my knowledge SoRelle isn't linked directly to the false electors schema any more than the Oath Keepers were linked to the organization of false electors and their subsequent false election certifications. AFAIK these were separate subset conspiracies operating in parallel beneath the overarching effort to overturn the election and keep Trump in office.
The false electors schema is still being investigated by the DOJ. It remains to be seen how that will be addressed since the states have handed off to the feds (for now), though I'm aware both Fulton County GA and MI's AG have electors targeted.
wetzel says:
In these different parts of the conspiracy, right wing organizations across the country participated simultaneously. Thousands ultimately are likely criminally culpable. A fascist political formation came to consciousness of its willingness to be an instrument. Compliance had spread through vertical and horizontal forms of influence. 'Capper' or 'potential pivot' are great descriptors of the mechanistic action.
How do the behaviors of someone like Kellye Sorrelle fit in within the 'greater' conspiracy. All its parts were moving forward. She intersects with both of the militias and the lawyers. Her story might be a place we can see the the nodes managing compliance down the transmission chain within those two groups. We will never figure this out. Evidence will be presented and convictions will occur. Maybe Kellye Sorrelle won't figure it out either.
The delusional fields of reference, paranoias and violent animus for GOP politicians these days it must be like imprisonment in a cult. People might imagine they will be free when Trump is gone, but the GOP has demonstrated it can be used as a fascist instrument now. We don't know what to do about it. Sad! But fascism is here. Who are the pigs that want to be 'more equal than others'? Where are the mechanisms of control? Our paranoia is not a mirror of theirs because ours is based on a body of evidence presented in open court.
This is off-topic but Newt Gingrich got served his subpoena yesterday by the Jan 6 committee. Here is old Newt in January 2022 threatening to throw the Jan 6 committee in jail. Check him out from eight months ago. At the time, Newt was upset Lisa Monaco had made it known DOJ was looking into the fake elector scandal.
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/newt-gingrich-jan-6-jail-b1999077.html
Zinsky says:
This morning's on-line edition of Raw Story has an article by Jordan Green that suggests SoRelle may have connections to some of the fake electors through her connections to the election denier network. Not sure where that supposition came from. The article also talks about a tweet SoRelle made implicating Michael Flynn, Sidney Powell and Overstock dude Patrick Byrne in funding and pushing forward the Big Lie. Perhaps a superseding indictment, drawing Byrne, Flynn, Powell and Oath Keepers leadership into one big indictment? Great work by both Marcy and Rayne on running down the myriad threads of this investigation!
Link:https://www.rawstory.com/kellye-sorelle/
harpie says:
SORRELLE as node? This is where I guessed a possible connection between SORRELLE and PB REHL [possible "Oath Keepers affiliates on Leadership Intel Chat"]:
https://www.emptywheel.net/2022/01/13/the-first-seditious-conspiracy-charges-drop/#comment-916612
Alex JONES, who is with SHROYER and ALEXANDER, speaks at 1:31 PM about a phone call or text or other message he had just received:
[1:03] 1:31 PM [Freedom Plaza]
JONES: They just breached the Capitol.
SHROYER: "Who?"
JONES: That's provocateurs doing that. I guarantee you!
ALEXANDER: And they're older. They're fighting Capitol police right now.
SHROYER: It's only…
ALEXANDER: …shit of your dreams
JONES: We gotta call this right, absolutely I'd like to go to the Capitol. [1:16] What do ya think?
Alex JONES MOVIE [breakdown]:
https://www.emptywheel.net/2021/10/05/david-judd-claims-hes-not-being-treated-as-well-as-the-teenager-who-got-murdered/#comment-904050
So, to consolidate the above:
1:30 PM [approx] [Per DOJ] Oath Keepers affiliates on Leadership Intel Chat post messages about police officers deploying pepper spray at the Capitol and questioned what the rioters hoped would happen if they got inside the Capitol.
[RESPONSES:]
[Possibly] SORRELLE: "We are acting like the founding fathers – can't stand down. Per Stewart and I concur[.]"
RHODES: "Hey, the founding generation stormed the governor's mansion in MA and tarred and feathered his tax collectors. And they seized and dumped tea water. They didn't fire on them, but they street fought. That's where we are now. Next comes our "Lexington" It's coming."
1:31 PM JONES receives message and discusses with SHROYER and ALEXANDER [see above]
1:34 PM REHL to the same "four other contacts"
"We're at a standstill, cops are dropping concussion bombs and pepper spraying, people are pepper spraying back and fighting riot cops."
Ginevra diBenci says:
harpie, this intersects with former-NYPD officer Thompson, who today received longest J6 sentence so far for his violent involvement with that same initial pepper-spray (and other weapons) event. He claimed to have been "radicalized" online, but when you're stabbing police in the eye with a handy spear such claims sound as thin as the January sunlight.
Vinnie Gambone says:
Marcy Wheeler and her gang involved in their own Stop the Steal Movement. They are stopping Stone and his gang from stealing America's faith and hope in Democracy. Bravo !
Gatorbaiter says:
Off topic but related, Enrique Tarrio has fired his lawyers and decided represent himself going forward.
Retired guy says:
As I read the reports, Tarrio is only dropping his lawyers in the civil suits against him, others, and the former president. Several other civil defendants on these cases have done the same, including Jessica Watkins, as I recall.
IANAL, but these look like rational money decisions. As long as the former president is not severed from these lawsuits, he will credibly mount defense/delay tactics that may benefit the other co-defendants in the civil suits. By the time these suits get to trial Tarrio, Watkins, and several others will already be indigent (if not in prison), and will use their pro se trial conduct to say what they want to say, as happened in the Charlottesville organizers and leaders civil trial. If these suits go to trial, one of the goals is to punish wealthy co-defendants, and destroy the two national organizations, PB and OK, and any of their benefactors.
Some info about Lawyers for Trump, if you can stomach it:
"RNLA Leadership Spearheads Lawyers for Trump" – Elizabeth Bradford El-Rassy, July 23, 2020
https://www.rnla.org/lawyersfortrump
"Leading the 'Lawyers for Trump' coalition as co-chairs are: Co-Chair Attorney General Ken Paxton (TX), Co-Chair Attorney General Leslie Rutledge (AR), Co-Chair Committeewoman Harmeet Dhillon (CA), and Co-Chair Former Deputy White House Counsel Stefan Passantino."
https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/campaign-press-release-trump-campaign-launches-lawyers-for-trump-mobilizing-support-for
Molly Pitcher says:
Harmeet Dhillon is an especially unpleasant piece of goods. I think she has been positioning herself to try to run for Governor of California, though she is yet to have a successful campaign for other state wide positions.
She is a Fed Soc member and filed numerous lawsuits against the State over Covid restrictions and mask mandates. She is a serious drinker of the Kool-Aid from the RNC and Trump.
KM Williams says:
A KoolAidaholic?
This whole bunch meant trouble, and compared to other MAGA efforts they managed to keep their efforts relatively under wraps. I'm surprised this boys' club of low-rent snobs would even let Kellye Sorelle use their imprint, frankly.
Thanks, Dr. Wheeler for putting some working nomenclature on my vague notions about this filing. I suspect the question about what conspiracy and which co-conspirators will remain mysterious until a Statement of Fact affidavit is unsealed.
Speculating, this SOF would remain sealed, pending arrests of other co-conspirators, and one or more superseding indictments, where sedition could be added. This could be the start of the prosecution (pivot) of a next level of the seditious conspiracy.
PostToaster says:
These detailed, spot-on analyses, one after another, are amazing. I wish the DOJ had you on their team. One typo: it's "Oaf Kreepers". Thank you so much.
Thank you once again, Dr. Wheeler. I truly don't know how you do it. This post will prove invaluable as a historical marker in this long and winding investigation.
OAF Keepers — I like that spelling of the organization very much~!!~
Pacific says:
Interestingly, since SoRelle was indicted on Thursday, she (a potential pivot?) is pointing to Flynn, Byrne, and Powell as the "the real perpetrators." She stated: "Good luck y'all. They won't stop with me."
Raw Story reports:
"In a direct message to Raw Story on Twitter, SoRelle pointed the finger at three high-profile
Trump allies: retired Lt. General Flynn, attorney Sidney Powell and retired Overstock.com CEO
Patrick Byrne. Powell filed multiple lawsuits seeking to overturn the election, while Flynn rallied
Trump supporters at protests and media appearances, and Byrne covered travel and lodging
costs for a wide array of volunteer researchers and analysts seeking to reverse the election.
Only thing I have to say, I hope they get the real perpetrators — Flynn, Byrne, Powell etc.,
those behind the Big Lie that set up the conservatives, SoRelle told Raw Story."
See, https://www.rawstory.com/kellye-sorelle/
Two items I'm confused about:
1. When SoRelle told the others to delete their communications because they hadn't yet received an order to preserve, was she lying, or was it illegal to delete even before received the order to preserve? How does that work? When does deleting one's posts become criminal?
2. The Raw Story article was very confusing. SoRelle used the term "big lie" and was hostile towards Powell, Flynn, Byrne et al. Is she paving the way to flip? Or has she has a come to Jesus moment and actually realized that the election wasn't stolen and the whole thing was a scam that she'd fallen for??
Ginevra diBenci on Billy B and Johnny D Drank Whiskey before the Special Counsel Appointment
GWPDA on The Trump-Biden-Pence Documents Story Is Not (Yet) about Overclassification
Ed Walker 🍞🌹💉💉@MasaccioEWRT @culturaltutor: Why did the USA do this to its cities? pic.twitter.com/Irj7aXRLtJ2 hours ago29 January 2023
emptywheel@emptywheelRT @DanielWickham93: Pompeo responds to criticism of his comments on Jamal Khashoggi by tweeting a photo of himself laughing with the man w…6 hours ago29 January 2023
No One Puts Roger Stone in a Box Return to Sender: DOJ Seized Evidence that Up to 90 Highly Sensitive Documents...


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Review: Mars – War Logs
A hidden gem from a French game studio Spiders
Mars – War Logs is Spiders' third original title that came out digitally in 2013 for PS3, Xbox 360 and PC. Now the game is playable on Xbox One through backwards compatibility. Also, as the game's sequel (prequel) The Technomancer released last summer, I thought it would be perfect time to experience an adventure on Mars' surface. So, did I find my autumn's true hidden gem?
The game takes place on the planet Mars, where a huge solar catastrophe hit the planet almost a century ago and put its colonies into chaos. Water is the most precious resource on the planet and different corporations are fighting to gain control of it. The game starts in a war prison Camp 19, where the player, Roy Temperance, saves a boy named Innocence from a fat guy whose about to rape him. Very soon after, Roy and Innocence begin to plan an escape from the prison. Seeing Roy as his mentor and role model, Innocence starts to write a war journal of the adventures he's about to experience with Roy…
Mars – War Logs setting on Mars is great
Planet Mars looks colorful and vivid (at first)
Game's story feels huge and has a great potential to be even epic. The gaming world and the characters have a lot of detailed history. Still, I was disappointed how little of the world's background was shared with the player during gameplay. Yes, war journal entries and indexes are available in the game's pause menu, but I would have wanted to know more about the world through conversations and side quests. Even main character Roy's background stays a bit mystery.
The setting is great and from the beginning it gives a very positive feeling of the game. Also, the planet Mars looks colorful and vivid at first but later the playing areas ended up being static and too much alike. I found it hard to navigate around different areas because of the resemblance of rooms and places which forced me to check the map every now and then. Still, the map can be accessed fast and can be left dimly floating over the gameplay screen. I liked character modelling, although there's only a few different AIs. Still, I didn't feel I was meeting the same faces too often. Animals (especially dogs) on the other hand look quite dull, and their movements are too simplistic.
The map can be left floating on screen
Mars – War Logs is described as an action/RPG game. RPG elements are light but spices up the game nicely. On the other hand, the game has also tough decisions: conversation options can stop your progress on side quests or even kill people. You never quite know what is going to happen. Another great RPG element is the levelling up system which is simple but at the same time has depth. You can develop and specialize your combat, stealth and power skills as well as your character features after completing mini challenges. These skills don't make you a superman so the difficulty stays in balance. You can also lower or raise your reputation during the game but this feels useless and its functions are hard to understand.
Level up system is simplistic but has depth
Character develops by completing challenges
Conversations spice up the game nicely
The action part is the game's strength. Combat is basically hitting, blocking and dodging but there are special movements behind game-pausing action circle or hot-keys, like throwing sand on enemies faces. Later you can use powers like electrifying, shield and weapon charge. Peculiar is that enemies don't die during battle rather they faint and then you can choose to kill them by sucking special serum from their blood. Serum acts the game's currency but I managed to collect serum over than enough without killing. It's also too easy to collect junk to develop your weapons and armour.
Action is the game's strength
Overall experience in short
I enjoyed my stay on planet Mars. The game's outer shell doesn't shine like a big budget production but it has heart in it and lots of potential. Spiders' work is somehow mystically unique and therefor the game deserves a hidden gem label.
+ The setting on Mars
+ Levelling up system
+ Combat
– The world's history
– Areas look too much alike
– Reputation system
– Too much junk and money (or not much to do with them)
A brief bulletin of performance
The game was bought from Xbox Live Marketplace and was played on Xbox One through backwards compatibility. The game plays nicely on Xbox One: there's no screen tear and the game runs smoothly. Loading times between rooms and places are fast and loading happens invisibly when going through doors or over edges. Loading to different areas are longer but not disturbing. I noticed that the bodies from battles stayed on playground very long time which added realism.
What are your opinions about Mars – War Logs? Please leave a reply below.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Under the spotlight: Malcolm Combe, Senior Lecturer in Law
Under the spotlight Malcolm Combe, Senior Lecturer in Law
A previous Strathclyde Law student, Malcolm Combe returns to the University of Strathclyde as a senior lecturer within the School of Law. We caught up with Malcolm to find out more about his new role, his research interests, and what it's like to return to his old stomping ground.
Tell us a little bit about your career so far...
I graduated LLB from the University of Strathclyde in 2005. I was lucky enough to win a few academic prizes in my second year, one of which was sponsored by the law firm Tods Murray. Through that I obtained a summer placement and then a traineeship (the two-year apprenticeship that anyone who wishes to practise law in Scotland must complete) and then I eventually took a full-time job there, based in its Edinburgh office in the infrastructure/capital projects team. Whilst I enjoyed my time there, I had always had a hankering that I might gravitate towards academia. I successfully applied for a lectureship in Scots private law at the University of Aberdeen, starting there in 2011. In 2014, Tods Murray went into administration, so maybe that career move was timely, albeit I feel I should stress I played no particular role in its insolvency!
At Aberdeen, I was involved in a range of things, such as teaching property law, commercial law and the vocational programme that is the stepping-stone before a Scottish traineeship (the Diploma in Professional Legal Practice), plus researching land law (particularly in relation to land reform) and issues connected to access to justice. I enjoyed my time at Aberdeen, but the call of a job at my old stomping ground was too much to resist, and here I am.
What has been the most memorable moment of your career so far?
As a lawyer you might be expecting me to say something about a big court case, but I was never really involved with litigation (save for a University of Strathclyde Law Clinic case where we won our client's deposit back from a landlord - I'll mention a bit more about the clinic below). For other noteworthy moments, I suppose I had a few city-slicking deals during which I worked what felt like all the hours of the day, such as for the 'financial close' of a hospital development project, and then in my academic career I've been delighted to get a few things published and help a few students through some sticky times, but particularly memorable moments have probably been linked to appearances at parliamentary committees or in the media. I've been involved in radio shows or TV reports on my research interests, and I was the discussant for a recent online piece about land reform for the BBC, but the most memorable of all was a couple of radio appearances (local and BBC) relating to a bit of University of Aberdeen history. This came about after a colleague chanced upon some old School of Law minutes which detailed, amongst other things, the School's opposition to Nazism in the 1930s, which the School had documented after being encouraged by the University of Amsterdam to take a stand as things were coming to a head in continental Europe. There was also a later snippet about some of Aberdeen's students being allowed to sit their law exams whilst they were prisoners of war. A journalist for The Times dug into that story a bit more, and the next thing I knew I was on BBC Radio Scotland's 'Newsdrive' programme talking about the whole thing!
What sparked your interest in Law?
This is a question I have fielded a few times in the past, and I confess I still struggle with it. I never considered law as a career when I was at school. I was always quite good at maths and science and the career advice I received tended to correspond to that. I even studied those subjects for a year at the University of Glasgow, then I had a bit of a wobble and was not sure about my studies at all. Fortunately, I met a couple of people (one via a part-time job, one via a shared interest in music) who were studying law and I suddenly realised this might be an option. After a few telephone calls and a timely intervention from my father to make sure I didn't let an opportunity pass me by, at the last minute Dr Jean McFadden managed to find room for me on Strathclyde's law degree, even though the programme was apparently full! I enjoyed my first year, but it wasn't until second year when I started studying property law under Scott Wortley that I really got into the discipline. I was also lucky enough to be a student when Professor Donald Nicolson was setting up the University of Strathclyde Law Clinic, so I can proudly claim to be a founding student member of that. I later became a student case manager. Involvement in the real cases that came before me made the law more "real" than ever, and I'd like to think such an early experience of trying to help people unable to obtain legal advice from elsewhere shaped my approach from then on in.
What is your role within the school?
It's still early days, but I've already been involved with some assessments for a course connected to the Law Clinic and an honours course called "Ethics, Professionalism, and Justice", which scrutinises the role and place of a lawyer. In terms of future roles, as a senior lecturer in Scots private law I will mainly be involved in teaching property law and perhaps some related commercial matters. I qualified in English law a few years ago, so I am expecting some teaching in relation to English property and land law as well. Away from teaching, I have a role with regard to citizenship, which includes the website and social media; that role meant I could not really say 'no' when I was asked to get involved with this online feature.
What current trends do you see influencing your field?
Tech is going to be huge. Whether it is the regulation of cryptocurrencies and the emergence of fintech, or artificial intelligence and the regulation thereof, there will be plenty for the law to catch up with. In my more traditional field of Scots property law though, Scottish land reform continues to be an issue that attracts the attention of politicians, not to mention there is still a fair bit of implementation to go in relation to the most recent statute on the issue, the Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2016, which will introduce a new community right to buy land where the existing land owner has somehow been blocking sustainable development.
Tell us about any research you are currently involved in.
For the past few months I have been an external adviser to a Scottish Government appointed working group looking at the regulation of deer in Scotland. I've also been involved with a few workstreams for the Scottish Land Commission, two of which have been published on its website and another should, I hope, be available relatively soon. In terms of more traditional academic research, I have been working on an edited collection about land reform in Scotland with Dr Annie Tindley (University of Newcastle) and Dr Jayne Glass (Scotland's Rural College). It will be good to see that published by Edinburgh University Press in 2020. I also have ongoing research in relation to public access to land in Scotland and landlord and tenant law.
What initially attracted you to the University of Strathclyde?
A combination of personal and professional reasons. Taking the personal first, I have family in the area, so it will (mainly) be good to be a bit nearer them. As for the professional side, in early 2019 I finished a book project with Strathclyde's Professor Pete Robson. Shortly after that book on landlord and tenant law was published, Pete got in touch to point out that the School of Law at Strathclyde was recruiting and encouraged me to apply. The chance to hook up with the University of Strathclyde Law Clinic again was also quite a pull factor, and it's great to be back.
After studying Law, what opportunities are there for graduates?
For those studying traditional Scots law, a traineeship then a career as a solicitor or advocate would be the traditional options, but there are many alternative opportunities as well. I can think of plenty law graduates who work in journalism or politics, or who went straight to working in a contracts team in industry or some kind of risk or financial work at a bank or insurance company. It is also possible to incorporate other things into a Scots law degree, such as English law elements or foreign languages, which might open up opportunities furth of Scotland.
You can keep up-to-date with Malcolm's research on the channels below:
'Research on interventions to manage land markets and limit the concentration of land ownership elsewhere in the world' (Scottish Land Commission 2018)
'Review of the effectiveness of current community ownership mechanisms and of options for supporting the expansion of community ownership in Scotland' (Scottish Land Commission 2018)
'Small Landholdings Landownership & Registration Project Report' (The Scottish Government 2018)
'Dukes, aristocrats and tycoons: Who owns Scotland?' (BBC news article)
Residential Tenancies: Private and Social Renting in Scotland (4th edition) (with Pete Robson)
The ScotWays Guide to the Law of Access to Land in Scotland


To create an Internet experience that's owned by everyone.
Where your information isn't being bought and sold.
Where power is in your hands.
Not in a corporate database.
That's why ten years ago we created Firefox.
Choosing Firefox isn't just choosing a browser.
It's a vote for personal freedom.
It's how we keep your independence online burning bright.
ProjectVRM has been about two things from the start: engagement and independence. All browsers are tools for engagement. But only one stands for independence. Hat's off to the Mozilla and Firefox teams for standing on the side of everybody. And happy 10th anniversary.
Bonus link: a search for more on Firefox v.33.1.


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February 2011 | A. Genevieve Tucholke
Game of Thrones, Collectable Fantasy Book, Hits HBO
Fantasy fans everywhere have marked April 17 on their calendars as the premiere of HBO's new television series, Game of Thrones. Promoted as the Sopranos set in Middle-earth, it is not surprising that this is one of the most highly anticipated shows of 2011. As such, it might benefit a person to keep an eye on the first editions of the fantasy series it is based on, George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice And Fire.
The first book, entitled A Game of Thrones, was published by Bantam Spectra in 1996. It went on to win the Locus Award in 1997, with nominations for the Nebula and the World Fantasy Awards, as well. The first edition (with the silver foil jacket), currently commands an impressive $300 and upward from rare book dealers. (This blogger remembers buying several copies in the bargain bin at Barnes and Noble in 1999 for $5 each -- if only she'd bought a few more).
A Game of Thrones was followed by A Clash of Kings in 1999, A Storm of Swords in 2001, and A Feast for Crows in 2005. A Feast for Crows was the first book in the series to debut on the New York Times bestseller list. And on Jan. 2, 2011, the paperback edition of A Game of Thrones hit the bestseller list, as well, thanks in no small part to the upcoming HBO adaptation.
The first editions for the rest of the series currently sell at affordable prices. Decent copies can be had for under $50 -- though this may change after the HBO show premieres, or when the long-delayed fifth book in the series, A Dance with Dragons, is finally published.
Other editions of the series to look out for: A Game of Thrones, A Clash of Kings, and A Storm of Swords have all been issued in special illustrated editions with limited print runs of 500 copies. They command hefty prices on the market, in particular A Game of Thrones, where the only copy currently online is priced at $2500. A Clash of Kings can be had for the comparatively modest price of $500, while A Storm of Swords is currently not for sale. As always, advanced reader's copies are in demand, particularly for A Game of Thrones, which goes for $200 and up.
On a final note, Martin's earlier work in science fiction and horror can be found on the cheap. Collectors have zeroed in on the Song of Ice and Fire series in particular and so far have largely ignored Martin's extensive back catalogue.
Whether you delve into the world of Martin collecting or not, the HBO show looks to be downright brilliant:
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In John 8:1-11 we learn about the adulteress woman and how Jesus responded to her and the situation.
There was more going on then Pharisees calling her out for her great sin. They were trying to catch Jesus out. But He was not going to play Old Testament Bible Ball with them.
So here we have a woman probably half naked dragged out into the crowd. How afraid she must have felt. In her day adultery was worthy of stoning for the man and the woman but notice it was only her they accused. Perhaps one her accusers was one of those men who had put her on public display. Think about that. I can't say for sure but there was a man involved because she was dragged out of someplace caught in her sin.
Just before the Feast of Tabernacles in the fall of the year before His crucifixion, Jesus was laying low because of those who were already wishing Him dead. Before the feast, He quietly returned to Jerusalem.
Once there, He remained in the shadows, not making too much of a fuss so as not to cause any problems. But halfway through the week-long celebration, He went into the temple and began to teach. Some people were impressed, yet the teachers of the law and of course the Pharisees were enraged. That is pretty angry.
They didn't beat around the bush with her they called it the way they saw it and they were trying to trick Jesus. Like that's really going to happen.
He knew it was a trick nothing was new when it came to Jesus and the Pharisees just a new tactic. You see in those days, a Jew had no say in the corporal punishment of such a crime. That was Rome's job. So, if Jesus said "stone her" He would have been jutting his jaw at the Roman's. Not the best idea.
The woman by this time is probably crying. Maybe she was hiding behind Jesus to cover her nakedness. Or maybe she laid flat on the ground at His feet. Rather than give an answer what do we Jesus doing? He bent down and began to write on the ground with His finger. What do you suppose He was writing? I think He was writing out each of their names and listing their secret sins.
Then He stood and said, "If anyone of you is without sin, let him be the first to heave a stone at her." My words.
8 Then he stooped down again and wrote in the dust.
I see each man's list of sins growing longer. Standing there, draped in all their religious and fabric finery, they were before Hin in as naked a for as they'd ever been.
9 When the accusers heard this, they slipped away one by one, beginning with the oldest, until only Jesus was left in the middle of the crowd with the woman.
Is that just like our savior. We who are in Christ Jesus are no longer accused. We are redeemed.
As a child of God let us walk without shame and bathe in the redemptive love of His blood shed for us all.


Jackson Hole is the basecamp for the bulk of this trip, with time in the town of Jackson and time in the heart of Grand Teton National Park. There's never a loss for things to do in this resort and national park destination. Natural beauty beckons you to hike trails, float the Snake River, picnic beside lakes, ride horses, mountain bike, take a tram to the top of the Tetons, rise early for a hot air balloon trip, attend a rodeo, eat at a chuckwagon, swim, and paddle—always on the lookout for wildlife!
Yellowstone National Park is fascinating for all ages, with its never-a-dull-moment bubbling mudpots, steaming geysers, smoking fumeroles, and wildlife galore. A naturalist guided outing always adds value, helping your interpret the mysteries behind the geothermal features and wildlife.
With well-located accommodations, an array of activities, and some of the most pristine beauty in the country, this journey through one of the most intact ecosystems in North America will leave you breathless!
Hoot in the Hole: Embrace the Wild West and enjoy Jackson to the fullest! After a day on the river or the trail, unwind and dine at one of many choice local establishments and consider attending the weekly Hootenanny (yes, it's a thing!).
Better, naturally: Throughout your trip, we'll match you with the very best naturalist guides to suit your interests and personality. Our guides help you avoid crowds, see more wildlife, hike the right trails, discover the backcountry, or dive deep with you into special interests such as geology, geothermal activity, specific species, park history, current issues, or all of the above!
Touch down into Jackson Hole, home to Grand Teton National Park, the lively, western town of Jackson, and the famed Jackson Hole Ski Resort. Three days will fly by as you choose from a countless array of outings! Spend one day on a guided mountain bike outing through mountain meadows and through aspen groves, with the spectacular Tetons in view. Day two is a classic western horseback ride to the top of a butte. All the while, keep an eye out for bald eagles, osprey, moose, beaver, and bears. Alpine House Lodge and Cottages sits a few blocks off the Jackson Town Square, just far enough for peace and quiet and close enough for a stroll at day's end to browse the shops and galleries and find your restaurant of choice for dinner.
Wake early and embark on a First Light Float, taking you along the Snake River at a time when birdlife and wildlife are at their peak. Then drive north into the heart of Grand Teton National Park to a beautifully-set national park lodge, an excellent base for accessing the park's abundant trails, lakes, and unmatched views! Head out on a full day, naturalist guided outing, learning about the geologic, natural, and human history, wildlife, wildflowers, and having fun all the while. Free time offers opportunities for hiking on national park trails through wildflower-filled meadows, picnicking, and stand-up paddleboarding on stunning String Lake, renting kayaks and paddling along the shoreline of Colter Bay, or taking a boat dinner cruise to Elk Island on Jackson Lake.
Explore your way through Yellowstone National Park, stopping to view waterfalls, rivers, geysers, mudpots, and wildlife, with possibilities including bison, wolves, black and grizzly bears, moose, elk, bald eagles, and more! Explorer Cabins at Yellowstone near the park entrance is your base, with newly-built cabins and an easy walk to shops, restaurants, and the Grizzly and Wolf Discovery Center. On one full day, meet up with a private naturalist guide who will tailor the day to your interests, taking you "off the beaten path" in Yellowstone, adding insight and depth to your visit. On your last full day of vacation, take to the waters of Hebgen Lake on a naturalist-guided kayak outing, paddling on sparkling waters, surrounded by the Madison Mountain Range.
Drive past Big Sky, through Gallatin Canyon, to Bozeman, then say "goodbye until next time," as you lift off from Bozeman.
This small inn is a long-time Off the Beaten Path favorite. Located on the bank of Flat Creek and close to the hustle and bustle of the downtown area, though tucked nicely away on a 'no through' street, the Alpine House Lodge and Cottages is a fantastic home away from home. Staying in the downtown area offers you the chance to stroll town on foot, check out the many fine dining options, and be in the center of the action. The Lodge offers a comfortable space where you can relax by the gardens, in the Viking Bar or in the Finnish sauna. Lodging options include 22 beautifully decorated guest rooms and 5 creek-side cottages.
Staying in the park at Jackson Lake Lodge means you are sleeping next to wide expanses of fields surrounding a rich-blue mountain lake, with moose, elk, and bison wandering close by. Rising above is one of the most photographed mountain ranges in the world, the Grand Tetons! Jackson Lake Lodge is the largest of all the eco-friendly properties in Grand Teton National Park. It is centrally located and has a swimming pool for relaxing at the end of each day. There are a variety of dining options, and we recommend dining in the Mural Room at the lodge, we would be happy to secure a dinner reservation when we confirm the lodging.
For the ultimate convenience in exploring Yellowstone Park, we suggest the Explorer Cabins at Yellowstone. Located in the heart of town and within easy walking distance to West Yellowstone's many restaurants and amenities, these cabins are a wonderful option.


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By Chris Lomas
Monday, 20 Sep, 2021
Climate Change / green party / LGBT Rights / Party Politics / trans rights
The battle for the Green Party's soul
The Green Party is uniquely positioned within UK politics. Its voice has always been significant in putting climate change on the political agenda.
Today, the party finds itself in uncharted territory. As the climate emergency grows more serious by the day, the Greens could be afforded the political space to cement themselves as a serious political force in England and Wales.
The resignation of co-leader Jonathan Bartley, and Sian Berry's decision not to seek re-election, has set off arguably the most intriguing leadership contest in the party's history. There are three co-leadership bids and two individuals in the running to become the new leaders or leader of the Green Party.
In this in-depth feature, Politics.co.uk speaks to the candidates vying to chart the Green Party's future course in British politics.
Sir Keir enjoys the vetting process
MPs Comment
This isn't a 'cladding crisis' Michael Gove, it's a building safety crisis
Conservative opinion polling collapse: How did we get here?
The Political Agenda – Andrew Harrop
Downing Street refurb: PM cleared of breaking ministerial code despite Lord Geidt criticism
Enable Sunday trading laws to be suspended during major flooding, says think tank
2021 Features Roundup
Why pandemic must not pause rail investment
Tax campaigners urge government to take action to protect umbrella company workers
Sustainable shooting key to government's nature recovery plans


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'Safe But Not Safe': Life As a Gay Man Between China and New Zealand
At his new university, the author found an outwardly welcoming environment for LGBT people. But a community that could accept him in all his complexity — gay, Chinese, international student — proved more elusive.
Cui Le
Cui Le Ph.D. student
Cui Le is a Ph.D. student at the University of Auckland's Faculty of Education and Social Work.
May 17 is the International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia, and Biphobia.
Arriving in New Zealand to start my doctorate in 2017, I immediately sensed it was a more welcoming environment for LGBT people than my home country.
On my very first day at the University of Auckland, I spotted a rainbow flag hanging in the window of the international students office. A poster by the library entrance proclaimed "zero tolerance toward racism, sexism, ableism, ageism, homophobia, and transphobia" and my enrollment form offered an "X (diverse)" option for listing my gender. It also asked if I identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, or Takatāpui — a term used by LGBT members of New Zealand's Maori population.
According to university policy, the school collects this information to support students who are more likely to face barriers accessing and succeeding in university. It's also used to establish the university's "LGBTQI Takatāpui +" teacher and student network, which promotes sexual equity and diversity on campus.
Although the university's official policies gave me a sense of belonging and security, I soon realized New Zealand was not the refuge from anti-LGBT discrimination and prejudice I had hoped to find. As an overseas student from China, integrating into mainstream New Zealand society is difficult, and much of my social life is therefore tied to the local Chinese community — a diverse mix of migrants, students, and New Zealand citizens of Chinese heritage. And unfortunately, much of this community is not very tolerant of sexual minorities.
In 2019, a "Stop Transgender Teaching in New Zealand Schools" petition was widely shared within New Zealand's Chinese community. The petition urged the country's parliament to remove content related to gender diversity from the sexuality education curriculum. Many Chinese parents worried the classes would implant "gay thoughts" in their children's minds, reflecting both their anti-LGBT prejudice and a misunderstanding of how sexuality education works in New Zealand.
I experienced this firsthand when I taught Mandarin part time at an educational institution in Auckland. My students were mostly children of Chinese descent, and my boss "suggested" I not disclose my sexual identity, out of a concern that parents might not send their kids to class if they knew.
In New Zealand, where I had been certain I would be more accepted, I had somehow been forced back into the closet.
- Cui Le, Ph.D. student
In the interests of keeping my job and network intact, I begrudgingly obliged. But I couldn't help but see the bitter irony of the situation: As a university teacher in China, I made the decision to come out, largely as a way to support LGBT students in their fight to get homophobic textbooks recalled. Yet in New Zealand, where I had been certain I would be more accepted, I had somehow been forced back into the closet.
Maintaining relationships with other Chinese in New Zealand required many such compromises. The church is one of the major social networks for Chinese in the country. During the church activities I've participated in, however, only heterosexual marriage and love are celebrated, and the country's 2013 legalization of same-sex marriage is frequently derided. These remarks put me on edge. Watching the people around me freely share details about their lives, I feel like I'm hiding some shameful secret or heretical thought. Even when renting a home from a Chinese landlord, I typically keep my distance and avoid discussing my private life.
That is harder on campus, however. My fellow international students constantly ask me about my research. When I tell them I study the workplace experiences of gay teachers at Chinese universities, their reactions tend to vary. Some presume I am studying homosexuality from the outside and warn me to protect myself against the "negative influence" of homosexuality — the implication being my research could turn me gay.
Other responses come from a place of ignorance, curiosity, or even pity. "What are the causes of homosexuality?" they might ask. "There are gay teachers in China?" "Do you plan to have children in the future? It might be difficult for you to have a normal life."
And some are downright offensive. "Why can't you like girls?" I've been asked. "When you're with your boyfriend, do you play the role of the guy or the girl?"
I can't help but be surprised at how ignorant many Chinese international students are about sexuality and gender issues. Most of them are doctoral students who have spent years living in New Zealand, where sexual minorities are hardly invisible. Yet they still assume all people are heterosexual, men should be masculine, and getting married to a member of the opposite sex and having kids is the only "normal" path in life.
As a gay man, I must seem defective — an outlier who deviates from the mainstream. Even those who show genuine sympathy also unconsciously reveal their feelings of superiority as heterosexuals.
I typically don't know how to react to all this. Most of them are my classmates and friends. I don't believe they intend to offend me; I even think they support my identity and life choices.
So I can't simply write off their remarks as homophobia. If I object or argue, it may damage my relationships with them. I also worry I could come off as overly sensitive. I would prefer to believe their attitudes stem from a lack of reflection on the ways heteronormativity operates in mainstream culture. The normalizing of heterosexuality can be insidious, and it surreptitiously influences every aspect of our lives. It takes a certain amount of critical thinking for a heterosexual person to recognize their privilege.
However, if I just quietly swallow my dissatisfaction, then the other person may never know how their words have offended me or have the chance to reflect on why what they've said may be inappropriate. Through my silence, I am inadvertently condoning these heteronormative beliefs.
If I'm 'famous' merely because I don't hide my sexual orientation, perhaps our campus is not as diverse and friendly as it purports to be.
In our everyday lives, young LGBT people suffer from frequent microaggressions like this — whether intentional or not. These indignities can be verbal, behavioral, or environmental. Those who commit or perpetuate them often have heterosexual biases — in other words, they presuppose sexual minorities are "sick" or abnormal. American scholar Kevin Nadal once described microaggressions as "death by a thousand cuts."
Most of the LGBT international students from China I know are reluctant to disclose their sexual identity for fear of being ostracized, which makes me all the more noticeable at school — as though I am "flaunting" my sexuality. Ironically, this notoriety extends beyond the international student community to affect how I am perceived elsewhere on campus. A Maori student council chairman in my faculty once called me "famous" and the only openly gay Chinese student she had ever met.
Of course, if I'm "famous" merely because I don't hide my sexual orientation, perhaps our campus is not as diverse and friendly as it purports to be.
Indeed, my experiences are not just a "Chinese problem." When scholars from the University of Auckland recently surveyed LGBTTIQA+ students on our campus, they arrived at a contradictory conclusion: Many of these students said they felt "safe but not safe" at school. On the one hand, the university's "zero discrimination" policy, as well as its rainbow stickers and posters, inspire them; on the other, they are still subject to verbal abuse and discrimination, which makes them think twice before disclosing their identity. The scholars argued that, although the university has publicly declared support for LGBTTIQA+ students through its official policies, the inclusiveness it promises has yet to be achieved.
These issues only get more complicated for international students. In one study of LGBT international students in the United States, researchers found that those coming from countries hostile to their sexual identities face unique challenges when it comes to accepting themselves, coming out, and returning home.
As a gay international student in New Zealand, I struggled for a long time over whether or not I should leave the country after graduation. The comparatively gay-friendly environment here is enticing to many LGBT international students, even those still uncomfortable publicly identifying as such. Returning home, on the other hand, often means losing official protections and going back into the closet. But it's tricky to gain a firm foothold in a foreign country and easier to build a career in your native land.
The stress created by this internal conflict can be overwhelming. There was a moment during my first year when a combination of economic, academic, and emotional pressures made it so I couldn't focus on my studies. I gave serious thought to dropping out.
I am therefore making an effort to establish a network for Chinese LGBT students in the hopes of helping them feel less isolated.
Yet my marginal identity has also given me insights and experiences that others don't have. During my studies at the University of Auckland, I was invited to serve as the "rainbow representative" on my faculty's equity committee. This means speaking on behalf of and advocating for sexual minorities on campus.
I also believe my identity as a Chinese person and as an international student allows me to better understand the difficulties people of color and immigrants experience when it comes to their gender or sexual orientation. I am therefore making an effort to establish a network for Chinese LGBT students in the hopes of helping them feel less isolated.
It's been almost three years since I set foot in New Zealand, and looking back, I'm glad I've held on. I haven't forgotten why I first decided to study abroad and am currently leaning toward staying abroad after I graduate. But no matter where I end up, I will continue to speak out against the sexual injustice experienced by LGBT communities everywhere through my academic research and activism.
Now that I've embarked on this journey, there's no turning back.
Translator: Lewis Wright; editors: Cai Yineng and Kilian O'Donnell.
(Header image: Shi Yangkun and Ding Yining/Sixth Tone)


We've analyzed tens of thousands of mobile websites to figure out what works and what doesn't when it comes to performance and user experience on mobile devices. Here's our list of best practices and dos and don'ts, with insight from engineers into the algorithms we use to determine what is a "good" mobile website.
Laatst bijgewerkt: februari 9, 2017.


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Girl of the Ozarks 1936 Director: William Shea Writers: Stuart Anthony, Maurine Babb | Stars: Virginia Weidler, Henrietta Crosman, Leif Erickson |
Girl of the Ozarks 1936 Virginia Weidler, Henrietta Crosman, Leif Erickson
A sweet little country girl has issues with school. Her mother is ill. The school threatens to send her to an orphanage.
Director: William Shea
Writers: Stuart Anthony, Maurine Babb |
Stars: Virginia Weidler, Henrietta Crosman, Leif Erickson |
Product Code: Girl of the Ozarks 1936
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Tags: Girl of the Ozarks, 1936, Virginia Weidler, Henrietta Crosman, Leif Erickson


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10 Incredibly Ironic Flaws You Can Find In Our Constitution
Written by FilipiKnow in Facts & Figures,Politics & Religion Last Updated 04/01/2022
According to law experts, a constitution is more than just a piece of paper. It is the supreme law of the land, the manifestation of the people's sovereignty. In other words, it contains the rights, rules, and obligations which the people and their respective governments have to follow and obey.
It is also generally held that there is no such thing as a perfect constitution, it being the creation of men. The same goes for our 1987 Constitution; unintentional mistakes, ambiguous or verbose sentences, lack of foresight, etc., have in one way or another besmirched what was supposed to be something revolutionary, resulting in massive unintended consequences which we ordinary Filipinos can feel up to now.
Also Read: 15 Weird Laws Filipinos Still Have To Live With
While this list won't be pushing for Cha-Cha, it will point out the numerous flaws—both obvious and vague—one can find in our Constitution.
1. There is no enabling law to end political dynasties
Section 26, Article II of the Constitution says that the State "shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service and prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by law," yet the country has continued to be ruled by the elite few in modern times. Why is that?
The answer lies in "as may be defined by law." Specifically, there is no "enabling law" that will allow this specific provision to be implemented. In fact, one such anti-dynasty bill stayed stuck at the Congress' committee level for almost three decades before it ever reached sponsorship on May 2014. Even then, it has little chance of ever getting passed in Congress since its members are made up of political dynasties.
The Supreme Court has twice upheld the view that the anti-dynasty provision of the Constitution is essentially toothless without the enabling law. Without it, political dynasties will never go away.
2. There is also no enabling law for a People's Initiative
Two specific provisions of the Constitution (Section 2, Article XVII and Section 32, Article VI) clearly speak of the right of the people through an initiative to propose amendments to the Constitution and of Congress to provide an enabling law so that they may practice such a right.
Although an enabling law—RA 6735—does exist, the Supreme Court struck it down in 1997 for being inadequate. According to the high tribunal's ruling, the law only pertains to people's initiative on the making of local and national laws and not on amendments to the Constitution itself.
However, that ruling was far from unanimous. No less than former Chief Justice Artemio Panganiban and Reynato Puno dissented and said the law was sufficient for a people's initiative. While the former ruling was not re-visited in another landmark case in 2007, both ex-chief justices expressed hope that the Supreme Court would someday review and overturn their decision.
3. Congress' power to amend or revise the Constitution is vaguely worded
Perhaps one of the most controversial provisions one can find in the 1987 Constitution concerns the mode by which Congress can amend or revise it. While Section 1, Article XVII—which states that Congress, upon a vote of three-fourths of all its members, can propose any amendment or revision—may sound simple enough, the provision has sparked a firestorm of debates over its very vague wordings.
For one, it does not say whether Congress—composed of the House of Representatives and the Senate—should vote either jointly or separately. According to retired Chief Justice Reynato Puno, the members of the Constitutional Commission could have experienced a "senior moment" when they formulated that provision under the belief that the post-Marcos legislature would be "unicameral" (composed of only one body, as was done during the late strongman's Batasang Pambansa) instead of "bicameral."
Also, the provision does not specify whether both bodies should first convene as a Constituent Assembly or simply remain as is when they propose amendments or revisions. It's no wonder that any move for Charter Change has been unsuccessful up to now.
4. Repealing Martial Law is now a numbers game
It cannot be denied that the 1987 Constitution was constructed in reaction to the excesses of President Marcos' regime. Under the new Constitution, the president's powers to declare martial law and suspend the writ of habeas corpus have been severely clipped.
The new provisions—found in Section 18, Article VII—states that the president can impose martial law for only sixty days at the most. He then must report to the Congress within forty-eight hours after his proclamation the reason for such issuance. The House of Representatives and the Senate, voting jointly, can either revoke or extend the duration of martial law. Additionally, any citizen can question the proclamation before the Supreme Court.
Also Read: 9 Philippine Government Agencies That Need To Reform Right Now
While the safeguards look good on paper, remember that the House outnumbers the Senate by more than two hundred. In essence, the president can indefinitely extend martial law as long as he has the numbers on his side. No less than Rene Sarmiento, one of the members of the Constitutional Commission acknowledged that provisional oversight. He explained that at the time of its formulation, he and his fellow members did not see that someday the House of Representatives might be dominated by allies of the president.
5. A president can still run for "re-election."
As we've said, the 1987 Constitution placed severe limits on the presidency to ensure no one ever abuses that position again. Still, there are always loopholes to find on such restrictions, as was the case when the COMELEC allowed former President Erap Estrada to run again in 2010.
Apparently, Estrada—the president from 1998 to 2001 before he resigned—convinced the election body that Section 4, Article VII prohibited only "sitting" presidents, those who finished their terms, and those who succeeded as such and served for more than four years from running again. As he did not fall under any of the categories, he was technically eligible to run again.
However, expert constitutionalist Father Joaquin Bernas said the provision explicitly prohibited any kind of president from ever seeking re-election. According to him, members of the Constitutional Commission debated whether to allow one immediate re-election, re-election as long as it wasn't immediate or no re-election absolutely.
In the end, the "no re-election" provision was chosen, hence the constitutional wording "the President shall not be eligible for any re-election."
6. The Commission On Human Rights is a lame duck agency
A unique feature of the 1987 Constitution, the Commission on Human Rights (CHR) was created in order to investigate abuses and ensure that human rights are upheld at all times. Its various powers and functions are enumerated under Section 18, Article XIII of the Constitution.
Noticeably absent, however, is the "prosecutory" power sorely needed by it. According to a landmark Supreme Court case, the CHR can only perform the powers explicitly given to it by the Constitution. It cannot, however, perform the functions of a court or even that of a quasi-judicial body. Consequently, the restrictions have essentially made the CHR a "lame duck" agency.
Although a bill has been filed by Senator Francis Escudero to expand its powers, it will take some time before the CHR can be given its teeth.
7. The impeachment process is open to abuse
SENATE STARTS IMPEACHMENT TRIAL: Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile administers the oath to the 22 Senators before officially starting the impeachment proceedings of Chief Justice Renato Corona. Part of the oath states that the Senator-Judges "will do impartial justice according to the Constitution and the laws of the Philippines." (PRIB Photo by JOE ARAZAS)
While impeachment is the penultimate way we can remove erring government officials including the president, the vice president, Supreme Court justices, the Ombudsman, and members of the Constitutional Commissions from their posts, such a process is not immune to abuse.
A landmark Supreme Court decision in 2003 which ruled that impeachment is initiated the moment the verified complaint is filed and sent to the House of Representatives' Committee on Justice regardless of its substance and whether the Committee accepts it by majority vote had huge implications.
For one, it meant that anybody could file a poorly-written complaint just to trigger the one-year prohibition on filing another impeachment complaint against the official in question. Allegedly, former president Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's allies exploited this little loophole when they continuously filed weak impeachment complaints against her to pre-empt the real ones, thus ensuring she would remain in office for another year.
8. Some of the impeachable offenses are not well-defined
Via asiancorrespondent.com
Section 2, Article XI of the Constitution enumerates the various offenses for which the impeachable officials can be held liable: culpable violation of the Constitution, treason, bribery, graft and corruption, other high crimes, or betrayal of public trust.
While the nature of the first four is straightforward enough, the last two (high crimes and betrayal of public trust) are not as clearly defined. What constitutes high crimes and betrayal of public trust?
For years, the Supreme Court declined to define betrayal of public trust and high crimes, labeling such as political questions that must be left for the legislature to decide. Fortunately, a Supreme Court ruling in 2012 gave us an idea of what betrayal of public trust is.
Taking a cue from the members of the Constitutional Commission, the tribunal defined the offense as acts which "may be less than criminal but must be attended by bad faith and of such gravity and seriousness as the other grounds of impeachment." Similarly, high crimes should also be interpreted as those acts which place them in the same league as the other impeachable offenses.
9. An "impeached" official can get a pardon
Did former President Arroyo inadvertently open a new loophole when she granted her predecessor Estrada a pardon?
Section 19, Article VII states that "except in cases of impeachment, or as otherwise provided in this Constitution, the President may grant reprieves, commutations and pardons, and remit fines and forfeitures, after conviction of final judgment," a wording that has triggered debates.
Those who supported Estrada's pardon—including Father Bernas—said he was eligible for a pardon since his impeachment never ended in a final conviction and because what was being pardoned was his conviction for plunder before the Sandiganbayan. On the other hand, those who opposed the pardon reasoned that the "conviction by final judgment" clause excludes cases of impeachment. Whatever the case, it looks like Estrada's pardon has set the precedent.
10. The Judiciary is not as "independent" as we think
As the third co-equal branch of government, the judiciary is tasked with the important role of settling cases and interpreting the law. As such, it is supposed to be free and independent of the whims of the executive and the legislative branch.
However, the judiciary has an apparent Achilles heel in the form of judicial appointment, a power exercised by the president. Specifically, it is the latter's prerogative to select and reject the appointments of the judges and justices of the country.
Using such a wide-ranging power, the president can return the shortlist of nominees to the judiciary handed to him by the Judicial and Bar Council. He can order the Secretary of Justice and the congressional member of the Council to nominate his preferred candidate. As to the Supreme Court, he can appoint as Chief Justice someone who has never even served in the high tribunal.
Lastly, the president can also make his own committees to investigate the nominees and candidates before and after they have been screened by the JBC, an action which has resulted in the propagation of the padrino (patronage) system.
Arcangel, X. (2014). Retired SC justices say amending Constitution should be done through 'con-ass'.GMA News Online. Retrieved 1 December 2014, from http://goo.gl/dcVheo
Bernas, J. (2007). Analysis: Only Arroyo can forfeit pardon benefits. INQUIRER.net. Retrieved 1 December 2014, from http://goo.gl/9SNyy6
Calica, A. (2007). Chiz wants to give CHR power to prosecute. philSTAR.com. Retrieved 1 December 2014, from http://goo.gl/x5unBX
Casauay, A. (2014). Anti-political dynasty bill reaches House plenary. Rappler. Retrieved 1 December 2014, from http://goo.gl/tbWcRC
Chen, A. (2014). Constitutionalism in Asia in the Early Twenty-First Century. Cambridge University Press.
Fonbuena, C. (2007). Newsbreak: Prosecutors to challenge Erap pardon before Supreme Court. GMA News Online. Retrieved 1 December 2014, from http://goo.gl/UkKa7c
Merueñas, M. (2014). SC junks anti-political dynasty plea anew. GMA News Online. Retrieved 1 December 2014, from http://goo.gl/4H0xou
Pedrasa, I. (2012). SC defines for the first time 'betrayal of public trust'. ABS-CBNnews.com. Retrieved 1 December 2014, from http://goo.gl/UtVL5K
Tan, K. (2010). Comelec allows Erap to run for President in May 10 polls. GMA News Online. Retrieved 1 December 2014, from http://goo.gl/lTW8Bg
VERA Files,. (2012). Few limits to president's power of judicial appointment. Retrieved 1 December 2014, from http://goo.gl/grBfR4
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link to How To Compute 13th Month Pay (With Free Calculators)
How To Compute 13th Month Pay (With Free Calculators)
In this article, we'll discuss how to compute 13th month pay and answer the most frequently asked questions about the 13th-Month Pay Law.
link to How To Get TIN Number 2023: Requirements, Steps, and Fees
How To Get TIN Number 2023: Requirements, Steps, and Fees
This guide will teach you how to get TIN number, including the latest requirements, application process, and fees.


text:
Q: Random mmaped memory access up to 16% slower than heap data access Our software builds a data structure in memory that is about 80 gigabytes large. It can then either use this data structure directly to do its computation, or dump it to disk so it can be reused several times afterwards. A lot of random memory accesses happens in this data structure.
For larger input this data structure can grow even larger (our largest one was over 300 gigabytes large) and our servers have enough memory to hold everything in RAM.
If the data structure is dumped to disk, it gets loaded back into the address space with mmap, forced into the os page cache, and lastly mlocked (code at the end).
The problem is that there is about a 16% difference in performance between just using the computed data structure immediately on the heap (see Malloc version), or mmaping the dumped file (see mmap version ).
I don't have a good explanation why this is the case. Is there a way to find out why mmap is being so much slower? Can I close this performance gap somehow?
I did the measurements on a server running Scientific Linux 7.2 with a 3.10 kernel, it has 128GB RAM (enough to fit everything), and repeated them several times with similar results. Sometimes the gap is a bit smaller, but not by much.
New Update (2017/05/23):
I produced a minimal test case, where the effect can be seen. I tried the different flags (MAP_SHARED etc.) without success. The mmap version is still slower.
#include <random>
#include <iostream>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <ctime>
#include <omp.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <unistd.h>

constexpr size_t ipow(int base, int exponent) {
    size_t res = 1;
    for (int i = 0; i < exponent; i++) {
        res = res * base;
    }
    return res;
}

size_t getTime() {
    struct timeval tv;

    gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
    size_t ret = tv.tv_usec;
    ret /= 1000;
    ret += (tv.tv_sec * 1000);

    return ret;
}

const size_t N = 1000000000;
const size_t tableSize = ipow(21, 6);

size_t* getOffset(std::mt19937 &generator) {
    std::uniform_int_distribution<size_t> distribution(0, N);
    std::cout << "Offset Array" << std::endl;
    size_t r1 = getTime();
    size_t *offset = (size_t*) malloc(sizeof(size_t) * tableSize);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < tableSize; ++i) {
        offset[i] = distribution(generator);
    }
    size_t r2 = getTime();
    std::cout << (r2 - r1) << std::endl;

    return offset;
}

char* getData(std::mt19937 &generator) {
    std::uniform_int_distribution<char> datadist(1, 10);
    std::cout << "Data Array" << std::endl;
    size_t o1 = getTime();
    char *data = (char*) malloc(sizeof(char) * N);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
        data[i] = datadist(generator);
    }
    size_t o2 = getTime();
    std::cout << (o2 - o1) << std::endl;

    return data;
}

template<typename T>
void dump(const char* filename, T* data, size_t count) {
    FILE *file = fopen(filename, "wb");
    fwrite(data, sizeof(T), count, file);
    fclose(file);
}

template<typename T>
T* read(const char* filename, size_t count) {
#ifdef MMAP
    FILE *file = fopen(filename, "rb");
    int fd =  fileno(file);
    T *data = (T*) mmap(NULL, sizeof(T) * count, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED | MAP_NORESERVE, fd, 0);
    size_t pageSize = sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE);
    char bytes = 0;
    for(size_t i = 0; i < (sizeof(T) * count); i+=pageSize){
        bytes ^= ((char*)data)[i];
    }
    mlock(((char*)data), sizeof(T) * count);
    std::cout << bytes;
#else
    T* data = (T*) malloc(sizeof(T) * count);
    FILE *file = fopen(filename, "rb");
    fread(data, sizeof(T), count, file);
    fclose(file);
#endif
    return data;
}

int main (int argc, char** argv) {
#ifdef DATAGEN
    std::mt19937 generator(42);
    size_t *offset = getOffset(generator);
    dump<size_t>("offset.bin", offset, tableSize);

    char* data = getData(generator);
    dump<char>("data.bin", data, N);
#else
    size_t *offset = read<size_t>("offset.bin", tableSize);
    char *data = read<char>("data.bin", N);
    #ifdef MADV
        posix_madvise(offset, sizeof(size_t) * tableSize, POSIX_MADV_SEQUENTIAL);
        posix_madvise(data, sizeof(char) * N, POSIX_MADV_RANDOM);
    #endif
#endif

    const size_t R = 10;
    std::cout << "Computing" << std::endl;
    size_t t1 = getTime();
    size_t result = 0;
#pragma omp parallel reduction(+:result)
    {
        size_t magic = 0;
        for (int r = 0; r < R; ++r) {
#pragma omp for schedule(dynamic, 1000)
            for (size_t i = 0; i < tableSize; ++i) {
                char val = data[offset[i]];
                magic += val;
            }
        }
        result += magic;
    }
    size_t t2 = getTime();

    std::cout << result << "\t" << (t2 - t1) << std::endl;
}

Please excuse the C++, its random class is easier to use. I compiled it like this:
#  The version that writes down the .bin files and also computes on the heap
g++ bench.cpp -fopenmp -std=c++14 -O3 -march=native -mtune=native -DDATAGEN
# The mmap version
g++ bench.cpp -fopenmp -std=c++14 -O3 -march=native -mtune=native -DMMAP
# The fread/heap version
g++ bench.cpp -fopenmp -std=c++14 -O3 -march=native -mtune=native
# For madvice add -DMADV

On this server I get the following times (ran all of the commands a few times):
./mmap
2030ms

./fread
1350ms

./mmap+madv
2030ms

./fread+madv
1350ms

numactl --cpunodebind=0 ./mmap
2600 ms

numactl --cpunodebind=0 ./fread
1500 ms

A: malloc() back-end can make use of THP (Transparent Huge Pages), which is something not possible when using mmap() backed by a file.
Using huge pages (even transparently) can reduce drastically the number of TLB misses while running your application.
An interesting test could be to disable transparent hugepages and run your malloc() test again.
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
You could also measure TLB misses using perf:
perf stat -e dTLB-load-misses,iTLB-load-misses ./command
For more infos on THP please see:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt
People are waiting for a long time to have a page cache which is huge page capable, allowing the mapping of files using huge pages (or a mix of huge pages and standard 4K pages).
There are a bunch of articles on LWN about transparent huge page cache, but it does not have reached production kernel yet.
Transparent huge pages in the page cache (May 2016):
https://lwn.net/Articles/686690
There is also a presentation from January this year about the future of Linux page cache:
https://youtube.com/watch?v=xxWaa-lPR-8
Additionally, you can avoid all those calls to mlock on individual pages in your mmap() implementation by using the MAP_LOCKED flag.
If you are not privileged, this may require to adjust the memlock limit.

A: I might be wrong, but...
It seems to me that the issue isn't with mmap, but with the fact that the code maps the memory to a file.
The Linux malloc falls back to mmap for large allocations, so both memory allocation flavors essentially use the same backend (mmap)... however, the only difference is that malloc uses mmap without mapping to a specific file on the hard drive.
The syncing of the memory information to the disk might be what's causing the "slower" performance. It's similar to saving the file almost constantly.
You might consider testing mmap without the file, by using the MAP_ANONYMOUS flag (and fd == -1 on some systems) to test for any difference.
On the other hand, I'm not sure if the "slower" memory access isn't actually faster in the long run - would you lock the whole thing to sage 300Gb to the disk? How long would that take? ...
... the fact that you're doing it automatically in small increments might be a performance gain rather than a penalty.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


AUCTIONEERS Dee Atkinson & Harrison have been asked to auction a piece of local history in the shape of a 1960 348cc Manx Norton at their next Classic Car & Motorcycle Auction at Sledmere House, just outside Driffield, East Yorkshire on Saturday, November 4.
With a long recorded race history, this is the 348cc Manx Norton, originally raced by Bill Beevers, that's coming up for auction at Driffield on Saturday, November 4.
The machine was raced by Sheffield's Bill Beevers before being passed to Noel Stephenson of Hull, and then Driffield rider Ben Noble.
Although Norton pulled out of grand prix racing in 1954, the Manx became the backbone of privateer racing and the last Bracebridge Street Manx Nortons were sold in 1963.
This particular example was first owned and raced by Bill Beevers, who had begun his motorcycle racing career on solos back in the early 1930s.
The 1960 Manx is seen in full flight on the Isle of Man TT circuit.
His first Manx Grand Prix came in 1933, when his Norton expired on the first lap, and by the time his racing career ended he'd ridden in 43 TT races and amassed no fewer than 29 replica trophies.
His swansong came in 1960 when he reached the age of 55, and he entered three races, resulting in his best Isle of Man sidecar position of sixth. In the Junior and Senior events, he finished 44th and 35th respectively.


text:
Movies you didn't know were filmed in Glasgow
There are some Oscar-nominated films here
livwilkinson
When you typically think of the film industry and where films are made, your mind might automatically go to the big guns: New York, London, Beijing, and Los Angeles in particular. It's not a stupid thing to believe either – many famous faces in the film industry are based in Los Angeles, and the weather is consistently light, meaning production companies can film for longer with consistency. (There is nothing worse for a location shoot than rain during a scene set in August!) And let's be honest, we've all seen and heard of those stories of the hopeful actor moving to the big city for their big break, where they meet an exec whom, with a fat cigar in their mouth and a whisky in hand, says they're 'gonna be a big star!'.
However, if you're hoping to begin a career in the film industry, you may not have to go as far as you might have first thought. Many productions have long since been filmed in Scotland, and Glasgow is becoming all the more popular as a filming location; the high streets of Glasgow have striking similarities to Manhattan and San Francisco, and the surrounding areas have a beautiful and naturally spooky landscapes, and it's easy for a runner to go on a deep fried mars bar run for the cast.
So here's a selection of great movies you didn't know were filmed in and around Glasgow:
Let us start with the best film ever made, Trainspotting. (No other opinion allowed). This Scottish classic is of course based in Edinburgh, with the audience initially being introduced to protagonist "Mark Renton" as he runs down Princes Street with his fellow heroin addicted pal Spud, then getting run over under Calton Street Bridge. However, a huge bulk of the film was made in Glasgow.
Rouken Glen Park played host to Renton and Sickboys tantalising discussion on Sean Connery, before his disastrous, sped-up interview, Spud shared a milkshake with Renton at the Cafe d'Jaconelli, and the football game played by the male cast in the introduction was filmed at the Firhill Sports Complex.
Although set in northern France, scenes of this BAFTA winning and Oscar nominated wartime epic were in fact filmed in the Govan Graving Docks. Directed by Sam Mendes, and written by himself and born and raised Glaswegian Krysty Wilson-Cairns, this epic wartime movie follows the story of Schofield and Blake, two Lance Cpl's sent across enemy lines to deliver a message that could save the potential massacre of over 1600 men. The beautiful cinematography (no, this wasn't all shot in one take, but my God could you be fooled), incredible acting, devastating yet epic narrative, and a soundtrack all helps this film become a real edge-of-seater.
Another Oscar nominated hit to be filmed in Glasgow (as well as Lothian, Galloway and Dumfries) is the Glenn Close and Jonathon Pryce lead drama, The Wife. The story follows Joan, who accompanies her husband Joe to collect his Nobel Prize in literature, whilst reflecting on the sacrifices she made for her husbands success. Set in Stockholm (plus a few scenes set in the US), shooting took place predominantly in Glasgow, with Hutcheson's Hall being the location for shooting a lot of the Nobel Prize award scenes.
Scarlett Johansson as an alien whom lands in Glasgow disguised as a woman who seduces men into another dimension? Sign me up. This movie is full of recognisable locations around Glasgow, including Argyle Street, Buchanan Galleries, Sauchiehall Street and George Street. And fun fact; the men that are lured into Scarlett Johansson's van are not actors, but regular members of the public. So next time you're in Glasgow and Scarlett is about, just walk away.
Ok, full disclosure – I personally don't enjoy the Fast & Furious films. Not to the offence of anyone who does enjoy them, or anyone who was involved in the productions, I just find these particular movies far too lacking in substance and over compensating in empty action. (I know I'm not alone in this opinion). However, what I do like is the industry these films can bring to cities such as Glasgow – more movie work means more experience and a richer film economy in Scotland. Wellington Street, Cadogan Street and Broomielaw were all locations seen during car chases in the Vin Diesel movie.
Other honourable mentions include World War Z, Cloud Atlas and Perfect Sense, and there will be a lot more honourable mentions to come in 2022!
Related stories recommended by this writer: https://thetab.com/uk/glasgow/2021/10/07/we-spoke-to-the-glasgow-graduate-working-as-a-designer-at-lego-23932
Every type of Glasgow Uni boys you'll meet on campus
Belinda Collington
Such a fun read
We share our favourite Daft Friday photos
chloemacdonald
If you didn't snag any tickets this year, live vicariously through these fun pics
Get daft: a guide to Daft Friday
ameliapickering
This year the theme was Pixar
How to be sustainable at Christmas with GUEST
Emilija Morrison
This time we asked Glasgow University Environmental Sustainability Team for tips
Glasgow Uni came 84th in the UK university sustainability rankings
The 2021 People and Planet University League was recently published
How to be sustainable at Christmas with GUFR
We asked Glasgow University Fashion Revolution for tips
We spoke to the Glasgow Uni students involved in Movember
Emilija Morrison, Luisa Barclay & chloemacdonald
'It's important to me because of all the wonderful men in my life'
We Spoke to the Koko Barista that Glasgow Uni Students are crushing on
Linnea Karlberg
He used to be a model in Milan
Music to get Glasgow Uni students through the gloomy season
Lily Andrews
Songs to listen to while studying
We spoke to those involved in the Muay Thai Fight Night
chloetrott
"The energy in the room was incredible"
Meet Glasgow University's very own Taylor Swift Society
There's a Taylor Swift HIVE this weekend
Interviews with those at the COP26 march
Emilija Morrison & Luisa Barclay
'It is really important to have youth voices included in the climate conference'
Best signs from COP26
There's even a RuPaul's Drag Race sign…
Visiting the COP26 Green Zone
The young activists felt they weren't being listened to by world leaders
We spoke to activists from the Global South in the wake of COP26 'whitewashing' claims
Luisa Barclay
Greta Thunberg and Vanessa Nakate have slammed COP26 for its focus on the Global North
How Glasgow Uni students felt about COP26
85 percent of students felt that the conference brought more disruptions to students than benefits
Here are the best pictures from the COP26 Friday March
Did you take part?
Glasgow's best dressed: Halloween 2021
Some pretty iconic looks here
Greta Thunberg was spotted in Govan
She was filmed singing along to a COP26 themed version of a popular song


In April of 2007, Hercules Fence was approached to be a part of the hit Television Program Curb Appeal. The feature product was a classic looking "white picket fence," but in a maintenance free product. Hercules Fence proved very successful in removing the old wooden fence and replacing the front and side yard with a wonderful looking, long lasting, and timeless PVC vinyl picket fence.
This was a very time sensitive installation that had to be sequenced and staged in strict accordance with the shows demanding production schedule.
We were very proud to have been selected to participate in the show and we feel that this installation is a great example of our capabilities and over-all experience in the residential marketplace.


Housed in a building whose construction took two years. Opened by the engineer Raúl Sánchez Díaz, governor of the state, May 31, 1970. The owners of Canvas Charro and Cortijo San Jose were the brothers Ignacio and Jose Alvarez Malo. Called "Joseph" at Cortijo because of the name of his grandfather, Jose Alvarez Malo. El Cortijo was also a school, then worked as a School of Bullfighting.
One of the students graduated from this school was the bulfighter Raquel Martinez. In 1998 it opened as Casa de la Cultura of Playas de Tijuana, Cortijo San Jose. The resort features murals painted by the painter Jose Maria de Servin, a native of Guadalajara. It is located next to the Delegation of Playas de Tijuana and is one of the buildings representative of the area. The style is Spanish colonial hacienda with touch and ranching. It has gallery Alvarez Malo, 12 meeting rooms for classes, a charro, two courtyards and two ballrooms. It offers courses, workshops, exhibitions, many activities and performances. Hosts the National Youth Orchestra of Baja California.


Once our yearly schedule has been penciled in, it's time to break down our weekly school routine. Are we studying all subjects every day of the week? Are there certain days which are more conducive to field trips or art projects? Organizing our week, helps me see where we have time and ensures all areas of study are being covered.
Our routine fluctuates year to year, but the basic outline remains. For more details on daily routines, please visit Our Daily Routine. You'll note, we do not have a full day of school on Friday. This is done on purpose. Fridays are reserved for group activities. This affords us the opportunity to meet with friends, explore the great outdoors, or hop in the car for a field trip. It also means we get to spend more time at the library, our home away from home.
Every year we pray about our routine. Thus far, this routine has worked and we love it!
🔔Time to Chime In: Do you have a weekly routine? We'd love to hear about it.


How Do Northern Virginia & Washington D.C. Drivers Compare To Others?
Not well, according to a recent study released by Allstate Insurance Company. Earlier this month, Allstate released its sixth annual "Allstate America's Best Drivers Report." The study ranked the 200 largest cities according to which city had the best drivers and the comparison was not favorable to Northern Virginia and Washington D.C.
According to the Allstate study, Washington D.C. ranked at the very bottom of the cities studied. Allstate estimates that Washington D.C. drivers only average 5.1 years between accidents and have a 95.5% chance of having an accident relative to the national average.
Two large Northern Virginia cities didn't fare much better. Both Alexandria, VA and Arlington, VA ranked in the bottom 10% of the cities studied. Alexandria drivers average 7.2 years between accidents and have a 38% chance of having an accident relative to the national average. Arlington drivers scored similarly to their Alexandria counterparts. In Arlington, drivers average an accident every 7.4 years and have a 35.3% chance of having an accident relative to the national average.
No Virginia cities ranked in the top 25% of safe driving cities according to the Allstate Study. Allstate encourages all drivers, in all cities, to drive safely, to minimize distractions, to be aware of road conditions, and to leave a safe distance between vehicles to prevent accidents.