text:
package org.b3log.symphony.processor;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.inject.Inject;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.b3log.latke.Keys;
import org.b3log.latke.logging.Level;
import org.b3log.latke.logging.Logger;
import org.b3log.latke.model.User;
import org.b3log.latke.service.LangPropsService;
import org.b3log.latke.service.ServiceException;
import org.b3log.latke.servlet.HTTPRequestContext;
import org.b3log.latke.servlet.HTTPRequestMethod;
import org.b3log.latke.servlet.annotation.Before;
import org.b3log.latke.servlet.annotation.RequestProcessing;
import org.b3log.latke.servlet.annotation.RequestProcessor;
import org.b3log.latke.servlet.renderer.JSONRenderer;
import org.b3log.latke.util.Requests;
import org.b3log.symphony.model.Article;
import org.b3log.symphony.model.Client;
import org.b3log.symphony.model.Comment;
import org.b3log.symphony.processor.advice.CSRFCheck;
import org.b3log.symphony.processor.advice.LoginCheck;
import org.b3log.symphony.processor.advice.validate.ClientCommentAddValidation;
import org.b3log.symphony.processor.advice.validate.CommentAddValidation;
import org.b3log.symphony.service.ArticleQueryService;
import org.b3log.symphony.service.ClientMgmtService;
import org.b3log.symphony.service.ClientQueryService;
import org.b3log.symphony.service.CommentMgmtService;
import org.b3log.symphony.service.UserQueryService;
import org.b3log.symphony.util.Results;
import org.json.JSONObject;

/**
 * Comment processor.
 *
 *

 *
Adds a comment (/comment) locally, POST

 *
Adds a comment (/solo/comment) remotely, POST

 *
Thanks a comment (/comment/thank), POST

 *

 *
 *

 * The 'locally' means user post a comment on Symphony directly rather than receiving a comment from externally
 * (for example Solo).
 *

 *
 * @author Liang Ding
 * @version 1.2.1.8, Aug 31, 2015
 * @since 0.2.0
 */
@RequestProcessor
public class CommentProcessor {

    /**
     * Logger.
     */
    private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(CommentProcessor.class.getName());

    /**
     * User query service.
     */
    @Inject
    private UserQueryService userQueryService;

    /**
     * Comment management service.
     */
    @Inject
    private CommentMgmtService commentMgmtService;

    /**
     * Client management service.
     */
    @Inject
    private ClientMgmtService clientMgmtService;

    /**
     * Client query service.
     */
    @Inject
    private ClientQueryService clientQueryService;

    /**
     * Article query service.
     */
    @Inject
    private ArticleQueryService articleQueryService;

    /**
     * Language service.
     */
    @Inject
    private LangPropsService langPropsService;

    /**
     * Adds a comment locally.
     *
     *

     * The request json object (a comment):
     *

     * {
     *     "articleId": "",
     *     "commentContent": ""
     * }
     *

     *

     *
     * @param context the specified context
     * @param request the specified request
     * @param response the specified response
     * @throws IOException io exception
     * @throws ServletException servlet exception
     */
    @RequestProcessing(value = "/comment", method = HTTPRequestMethod.POST)
    @Before(adviceClass = {CSRFCheck.class, CommentAddValidation.class})
    public void addComment(final HTTPRequestContext context, final HttpServletRequest request, final HttpServletResponse response)
            throws IOException, ServletException {
        final JSONRenderer renderer = new JSONRenderer();
        context.setRenderer(renderer);

        final JSONObject ret = Results.falseResult();
        renderer.setJSONObject(ret);

        final JSONObject requestJSONObject = (JSONObject) request.getAttribute(Keys.REQUEST);

        final String articleId = requestJSONObject.optString(Article.ARTICLE_T_ID);
        final String commentContent = requestJSONObject.optString(Comment.COMMENT_CONTENT);

        final JSONObject comment = new JSONObject();
        comment.put(Comment.COMMENT_CONTENT, commentContent);
        comment.put(Comment.COMMENT_ON_ARTICLE_ID, articleId);

        try {
            final JSONObject currentUser = userQueryService.getCurrentUser(request);
            if (null == currentUser) {
                response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);

                return;
            }

            final String currentUserName = currentUser.optString(User.USER_NAME);
            final JSONObject article = articleQueryService.getArticle(articleId);
            final String articleContent = article.optString(Article.ARTICLE_CONTENT);
            final String articleAuthorId = article.optString(Article.ARTICLE_AUTHOR_ID);
            final JSONObject articleAuthor = userQueryService.getUser(articleAuthorId);
            final String articleAuthorName = articleAuthor.optString(User.USER_NAME);

            final Set<String> userNames = userQueryService.getUserNames(articleContent);
            if (Article.ARTICLE_TYPE_C_DISCUSSION == article.optInt(Article.ARTICLE_TYPE)
                    && !articleAuthorName.equals(currentUserName)) {
                boolean invited = false;
                for (final String userName : userNames) {
                    if (userName.equals(currentUserName)) {
                        invited = true;

                        break;
                    }
                }

                if (!invited) {
                    response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);

                    return;
                }
            }

            comment.put(Comment.COMMENT_AUTHOR_ID, currentUser.optString(Keys.OBJECT_ID));

            final String authorEmail = currentUser.optString(User.USER_EMAIL);
            comment.put(Comment.COMMENT_AUTHOR_EMAIL, authorEmail);

            comment.put(Comment.COMMENT_T_COMMENTER, currentUser);

            commentMgmtService.addComment(comment);
            ret.put(Keys.STATUS_CODE, true);
        } catch (final ServiceException e) {
            ret.put(Keys.MSG, e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Thanks a comment.
     *
     *

     * The request json object:
     *

     * {
     *     "commentId": "",
     * }
     *

     *

     *
     * @param context the specified context
     * @param request the specified request
     * @param response the specified response
     * @throws IOException io exception
     * @throws ServletException servlet exception
     */
    @RequestProcessing(value = "/comment/thank", method = HTTPRequestMethod.POST)
    @Before(adviceClass = {LoginCheck.class, CSRFCheck.class})
    public void thankComment(final HTTPRequestContext context, final HttpServletRequest request, final HttpServletResponse response)
            throws IOException, ServletException {
        final JSONRenderer renderer = new JSONRenderer();
        context.setRenderer(renderer);

        final JSONObject ret = Results.falseResult();
        renderer.setJSONObject(ret);

        JSONObject requestJSONObject;
        try {
            requestJSONObject = Requests.parseRequestJSONObject(request, context.getResponse());
            request.setAttribute(Keys.REQUEST, requestJSONObject);
        } catch (final Exception e) {
            LOGGER.log(Level.ERROR, "Thank comment error", e);

            return;
        }

        final JSONObject currentUser = (JSONObject) request.getAttribute(User.USER);
        final String commentId = requestJSONObject.optString(Comment.COMMENT_T_ID);

        try {
            commentMgmtService.thankComment(commentId, currentUser.optString(Keys.OBJECT_ID));

            ret.put(Keys.STATUS_CODE, true);
            ret.put(Keys.MSG, langPropsService.get("thankSentLabel"));
        } catch (final ServiceException e) {
            ret.put(Keys.MSG, e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Adds a comment remotely.
     *
     *

     * The request json object (a comment):
     *

     * {
     *     "comment": {
     *         "commentId": "", // client comment id
     *         "articleId": "",
     *         "commentContent": "",
     *         "commentAuthorName": "", // optional, 'default commenter'
     *         "commentAuthorEmail": "" // optional, 'default commenter'
     *     },
     *     "clientName": "",
     *     "clientVersion": "",
     *     "clientHost": "",
     *     "clientRuntimeEnv": "" // GAE, BAE, LOCAL
     *     "clientAdminEmail": "",
     *     "userB3Key": ""
     * }
     *

     *

     *
     * @param context the specified context
     * @param request the specified request
     * @param response the specified response
     * @throws Exception exception
     */
    @RequestProcessing(value = "/solo/comment", method = HTTPRequestMethod.POST)
    @Before(adviceClass = ClientCommentAddValidation.class)
    public void addCommentFromSolo(final HTTPRequestContext context, final HttpServletRequest request, final HttpServletResponse response)
            throws Exception {
        LOGGER.log(Level.DEBUG, "Adds a comment from solo");

        final JSONObject requestJSONObject = (JSONObject) request.getAttribute(Keys.REQUEST);
        final JSONObject originalCmt = requestJSONObject.optJSONObject(Comment.COMMENT);
        final JSONObject article = (JSONObject) request.getAttribute(Article.ARTICLE);

        final JSONObject defaultCommenter = userQueryService.getDefaultCommenter();
        final JSONObject comment = new JSONObject();
        comment.put(Comment.COMMENT_AUTHOR_EMAIL, defaultCommenter.optString(User.USER_EMAIL));
        comment.put(Comment.COMMENT_AUTHOR_ID, defaultCommenter.optString(Keys.OBJECT_ID));
        comment.put(Comment.COMMENT_CLIENT_COMMENT_ID, originalCmt.optString(Comment.COMMENT_T_ID));
        comment.put(Comment.COMMENT_CONTENT, originalCmt.optString(Comment.COMMENT_CONTENT));
        comment.put(Comment.COMMENT_ON_ARTICLE_ID, article.optString(Keys.OBJECT_ID));
        comment.put(Comment.COMMENT_T_COMMENTER, defaultCommenter);

        comment.put(Comment.COMMENT_T_AUTHOR_NAME, originalCmt.optString(Comment.COMMENT_T_AUTHOR_NAME));

        commentMgmtService.addComment(comment);

        // Updates client record
        final String clientAdminEmail = requestJSONObject.optString(Client.CLIENT_ADMIN_EMAIL);
        final String clientName = requestJSONObject.optString(Client.CLIENT_NAME);
        final String clientVersion = requestJSONObject.optString(Client.CLIENT_VERSION);
        final String clientHost = requestJSONObject.optString(Client.CLIENT_HOST);
        final String clientRuntimeEnv = requestJSONObject.optString(Client.CLIENT_RUNTIME_ENV);

        JSONObject client = clientQueryService.getClientByAdminEmail(clientAdminEmail);
        if (null == client) {
            client = new JSONObject();
            client.put(Client.CLIENT_ADMIN_EMAIL, clientAdminEmail);
            client.put(Client.CLIENT_HOST, clientHost);
            client.put(Client.CLIENT_NAME, clientName);
            client.put(Client.CLIENT_RUNTIME_ENV, clientRuntimeEnv);
            client.put(Client.CLIENT_VERSION, clientVersion);
            client.put(Client.CLIENT_LATEST_ADD_COMMENT_TIME, System.currentTimeMillis());
            client.put(Client.CLIENT_LATEST_ADD_ARTICLE_TIME, 0L);

            clientMgmtService.addClient(client);
        } else {
            client.put(Client.CLIENT_ADMIN_EMAIL, clientAdminEmail);
            client.put(Client.CLIENT_HOST, clientHost);
            client.put(Client.CLIENT_NAME, clientName);
            client.put(Client.CLIENT_RUNTIME_ENV, clientRuntimeEnv);
            client.put(Client.CLIENT_VERSION, clientVersion);
            client.put(Client.CLIENT_LATEST_ADD_COMMENT_TIME, System.currentTimeMillis());

            clientMgmtService.updateClient(client);
        }

        LOGGER.log(Level.DEBUG, "Added a comment from solo");
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


can be reframed through the lens of values (Cokely, 2000;. Online Reading in Psychology and Culture, 2(1). Values and behavior: Strength and structure of relations. Exit Requirement, thesis, degree Name, master of Arts in Interpreting Studies. Values That Motivate, the survey included the Portrait Values Questions (PVQ an instrument used to collect data that was designed. Those that identified as Latino/Hispanic or Asian/Asian American ranked conformity the highest of all ten value types. The role of work and cultural values in occupational choice, satisfaction, and success: A theoretical statement. A large portion of the research results centered on the responses to the open-ended question; respondents were asked to briefly describe their reasons for becoming an interpreter. Using Schwartz Motivational Values Theory and Model we could teach interpreting students and emerging professionals to view professional ethics in a way that is less deontological (right. Journal of Counseling Development, 80(1 48-56. Abstract, the purpose of this research is to investigate what interpreters for the Deaf perceive as self-care and how much time they engage in self-care per week. doi:.1177/. Re-examining the influence of individual values on ethical decision making. Committee Chair, elisa Maroney, committee Member, amanda. The survey also included questions about demographics and one open-ended question. Journal of Business Ethics, 88(53 53-64. As sign language interpreters, our responsibility is to start identifying and articulating the values that are expressed through our choices. Audrey Ramirez-Loudenback posits articulating our why may positively impact job satisfaction and longevity in the field. Beginning this self-assessment of personal value systems early in an interpreters career may lead to richer dialogue about the impact of those values on ethical decision making. In fact, one of the reasons Schwartz developed this theory and model was to examine values across cultures (1994; Schwartz., 2001). Street Leverage (Meckler, 2014). Many who participated stated that they would like to take part in more identified acts of self-care and believe that doing so would be beneficial in avoiding injury and promote longevity in the field. Exploring the motivational values that shape the professional decision making of signed language interpreters. Exploring ethics: A case for revising the code of ethics. Address delivered to the Sign Language Interpreters of California. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
A comparison of Pakistani and Turkish professional auditors. I approached this study from inside the profession by asking a sample of nineteen interpreters to participate. Which values do you hold dear that have the greatest impact on your work. A theory of organizational change, cindy Volk, beliefs. Attitudes and values, selfCare, i received 298 completed responses from interpreters and interpreting students all over the United States. Injury while self-care in the field of interpreting master's thesis interpreting, this will lead preprofessionals to consider if interpreting will provide a career in which they can have the longevity and satisfaction that comes with an occupation that is congruent with their value system. Effects of personal values on auditors ethical decisions. What values do you see represented in your response to question.
This study reveals that interpreters identify self - care as the physical need to exercise.Master s of Arts in, interpreting, studies (mais theses.Self - care in the field of interpreting is important in order for anyone to continue.
Further investigation could uncover why interpreters do not consider speaking with their colleagues as a form of selfcare, the Journal of Experimental Education, identify a time in your professional michelle brisman phd history when you thought a colleague was acting unethically 92, journal of Counseling Development, or receive. Doi 1037a0029393, language eng, subject Categories, journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Type dcmi Terms text, journal of Business Ethics, special Education and Teaching. The main reason they do not consider debriefing selfcare could be because of the Code of Professional Conduct set forth by the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf RID and professional practices around confidentiality NAD RID. Retrieved from tdouguvuasl3330 Cokely doi, personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, stretch. How does the majoritys university of pittsburgh clinical psychology phd application value system create barriers for others to be heard and understood. I embarked on this research as a student in Western Oregon Universitys MA in Interpreting Studies with a belief that our motivations will influence every part of our professional practice. This study reveals that interpreters identify selfcare as the physical need to exercise.
An overview of Schwartz Theory of Basic Values.Most dilemmas can be rephrased by asking: How are the values I am prioritizing conflict with my team/consumer/setting in this moment?
Are there universal aspects in the structure and contents of human values?When interpreters were asked about self-care, only one mentioned the moral support of colleagues, debriefing, or peer review.Knowledge of personal beliefs and value systems enhance a sign language interpreters professional practice.


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text: export { default } from 'ember-formfor/components/form-fields/select-field/component';


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Gute Erfahrung bei diesem Törn. Mit der Bavaria waren wir sehr zufrieden. Boot war sauber und die Ausrüstung wie vereinbart.
Assistenza clienti 24 ore su 24. Prima, durante e dopo il vostro viaggio.
27 persone hanno visionato questa imbarcazione questa settimana!


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To increase competition in the telecommunications markets.
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text:
The fight against Campylobacter begins on the farm
02/03/2022 3 mins
A European expert appraisal led by an ANSES scientist has re-assessed the effectiveness of Campylobacter control measures on chicken farms in preventing transmission of the bacterium to humans. The results have just been published in a scientific journal.
The Campylobacter bacterium is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans in Europe and can sometimes lead to severe complications. It can be transmitted to humans through direct contact with animals, especially poultry, or indirectly through food. It therefore seems a good idea to start by controlling its spread on farms. Animals can act as natural carriers of the bacterium without becoming ill. An initial opinion published by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in 2011 concluded that reducing the amount of bacteria in live animals would lead to a significant reduction in human cases. Since then, new data have been produced, allowing these results to be refined. "At the European Commission's request, a group of experts from EFSA re-assessed the risk of Campylobacter transmission taking these new data into account," explains Marianne Chemaly, head of the Unit for Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products at ANSES's Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, who led the group of experts. "For the time being, these control strategies on farms, such as the use of vaccination or feed additives, are still in the trial phase and no solutions have yet been applied in the field" she continues.
Re-assessment of the impact of measures on farms
The results of this work have just been reported in a research paper in the journal Microbial Risk Analysis, after being published in an EFSA opinion in 2020. They concluded that a 1000-fold decrease in the number of bacteria per gram of faecal material in poultry intestines would reduce the risk of human contamination by 54%. "The new data showed that the risk reduction was less than previously estimated. In the 2011 opinion, it had been estimated that such a decrease in bacteria in poultry intestines could reduce the risk of human contamination by at least 90%. Nevertheless, control at farm level remains an important step: the fewer bacteria an animal carries, the less risk of contamination of meat and therefore of consumers," believes the scientist.
Everyone can play a part in the fight against Campylobacter
These results are an opportunity to reiterate that Campylobacter contamination can be limited at all stages of meat production: from the chilling of carcasses at the slaughterhouse, or product packaging for distribution, through to the final consumer. "When you cut up raw chicken meat at home, there is a risk of the bacteria settling on the utensils and chopping board. It is therefore important to thoroughly clean these accessories with soap and water before reuse, especially to avoid cross-contamination when preparing food such as vegetables that will be eaten raw. Similarly, do not reuse a plate on which you have placed raw meat without washing it first, and of course do not forget to wash your hands!" concludes Marianne Chemaly.
See the publication Maarten Nauta, Declan Bolton, Matteo Crotta, Johanne Ellis-Iversen, Thomas Alter, Michaela Hempen, Winy Messens, Marianne Chemaly, An updated assessment of the effect of control options to reduce Campylobacter concentrations in broiler

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Element of Crime est un groupe de rock allemand.

Biographie

Le groupe est formé en 1985 par Sven Regener, né à Brême, et plus tard connu comme l'auteur du livre Herr Lehmann et comme scénariste du film homonyme. Regener chante et joue de la guitare, de la trompette et du piano. Le nom du groupe est emprunté au titre éponyme d'un film de Lars von Trier.

Un autre membre fondateur actif est le guitariste Jakob Friderichs (alias Jakob Ilja, né en 1959). Il connair Regener grâce à leur groupe de radio commun Neue Liebe. La formation originale comprend également le bassiste Paul Lukas (alias Veto). Le batteur Uwe Bauer et le saxophoniste Jürgen Fabritius quittent le groupe en 1986. Le nouveau batteur est Richard Pappik.

Les premiers succès du groupe font surface en 1987 ; L'album Try to be Mensch, produit par John Cale, se vend à plus de . En outre, la première grande tournée a lieu en dehors de Berlin. Le 17 octobre 1987, ils jouent devant 2 000 auditeurs de la Zionskirche de Berlin-Est à Prenzlauer Berg ; après le concert, le public subit les attaques de skinheads d'extrême-droite.

En 1993, l'album  Weißes Papier, sorti la même année, devient leur première apparition dans les charts allemands. David Young, qui enregistre avec le groupe depuis 1988, l'accompagne dès lors à la guitare, et plus tard à la basse en concert. En 1995, Element of Crime se sépare de son bassiste Paul Lukas ; Christian Hartje prend sa place. En 1996, l'album Die Schönen Rosen est enregistré et publié ; après sa sortie à l'automne 1996, il atteint la  place des charts allemands. Au printemps 1998, Element of Crime commence à écrire de nouvelles chansons et à les enregistrer immédiatement. Au cours de l'année, l'album Psycho, publié au printemps 1999, est produit au cours d'une série de sessions de quatre jours.

Par la suite, les membres du groupe commencent à participer à des projets parallèles. Jakob Ilja est actif au sein des groupes 17 Hippies et Das dreckige Dutzend, Richard Pappik compose de la musique pour enfants. Christian Hartje et Sven Regener sont invités au sein de Das Holz. Dans les années 2000 et en 2001, le groupe expérimente de nouvelles techniques et travaille pour Leander Haußmann (Peter Pan, M. Lehmann) dans le domaine du théâtre et de la musique de film .

En novembre 2001, sort Romantik, qui est longtemps classé dans les charts. Leurs apparitions au Rock am Ring et Rock in the Park en 2002 sont assez inhabituelles pour Element of Crime. Hartje quitte ensuite le groupe et David Young devient leur bassiste. Le 30 septembre 2005 sort l'album Mittelpunkt der Welt, classé  des charts. Le 18 septembre 2009, sort le nouvel album Immer da wo du bist bin ich nie, classé deuxième des charts.

Au début de 2010, le groupe effectue une tournée en Allemagne, en Autriche et en Suisse. En août 2010, Element of Crime reçoit son premier disque d'or pour l'album Immer da wo du bist bin ich nie. Fremde Federn est le titre de l'album sorti en novembre 2010 chez Universal Music, qui contient des reprises que le groupe a enregistrées au fil des ans. Le 26 septembre 2014, leur nouvel album, Lieblingsfarben und Tiere est publié. En janvier 2015, le groupe fait une apparition sur la scène du crime Der irre Iwan. Dès le printemps 2017, le groupe travaille sur un album ; le nouvel album, est annoncé en juin 2018, pour octobre de la même année. Avant, le groupe joue en mai 2018 à l'Elbphilharmonie de Hambourg - deux morceaux inédits du prochain album.

Discographie

Albums studio

 Basically Sad (1986 ; Polydor)
 Try to Be Mensch (1987 ; Polydor)
 Freedom, Love & Happiness (1988 ; Polydor)
 The Ballad of Jimmy & Johnny (1989 ; Polydor)
 Live: Crime Pays (1990 ; Polydor)
 Damals hinterm Mond (1991 ; Polydor)
  (1993 ; Polydor)
 Dicte-moi ta loi (version internationale limitée de , 2 000 pressages ; 1993 ; Polydor)
 An einem Sonntag im April (1994 ; Motor Music)
 Die schönen Rosen (1996 ; Motor Music)
 Psycho (1999 ; Motor Music)
 Romantik (2001 ; Motor Music)
 1985-1990 (Best Of ; 2002 ; Motor Music)
 1991-1996 (Best Of ; 2002 ; Motor Music)
 Mittelpunkt der Welt (2005 ; Universal)
 Robert Zimmermann wundert sich über die Liebe (Original soundtrack ; 2008 ; Universal)
 Immer da wo du bist bin ich nie (2009 ; Universal ; GER: #2, Gold)
 Fremde Federn (2010 ; Universal ; GER: #28)
 Lieblingsfarben und Tiere (2014 ; Universal ; GER: #3)

Singles

 Something Was Wrong (1987 ; Polydor)
 Nervous and Blue (1987 ; Polydor)
 Long Long Summer (1988 ; Polydor)
 Murder in Your Eyes (1988 ; Polydor)
 The Ballad of Jimmy and Johnny (Promo-Single ; 1989 ; Polydor)
 Satellite Town (1990 ; Polydor)
 Surabaya Johnny (live) (1990 ; Polydor)
 Mach das Licht aus, wenn Du gehst (1991 ; Polydor)
 Damals hinterm Mond (1992 ; Polydor)
 Blaulicht und Zwielicht (1992/1993 ; Polydor)
 Immer unter Strom (1993 ; Polydor)
 Schwere See (1993 ; Polydor)
 Sperr mich ein (1993 ; Polydor)
 Mehr als sie erlaubt (1993 ; Motor Music)
 An einem Sonntag im April (1994 ; Motor Music)
 Mein dein Tag (1994 ; Motor Music)
 Die schönen Rosen (1996 ; Motor Music)
 Wenn der Morgen graut (1996 ; Motor Music)
 Element of Crime playing the fantastic Bee Gees classic "I Started a Joke" (1998 ; Motor Music)
 Jung und schön (Promo-Single ; 1999 ; Motor Music)
 Du hast mir gesagt (1999 ; Motor Music)
 Michaela sagt (1999 ; Motor Music)
 Irgendwo im Nirgendwo (2000 ; Motor Music)
 Seit der Himmel (Promo-Single ; 2001 ; Motor Music)
 Die Hoffnung, die du bringst (Promo-Single ; 2001 ; Motor Music)
 Delmenhorst (2005 ; Universal)
 Straßenbahn des Todes (2006 ; Universal)
 Ein Hotdog unten am Hafen (2008 ; Universal)
  Immer da wo du bist bin ich nie (2009 ; Vertigo)
 Am Ende denk ich immer nur an dich (2009 ; Vertigo)
 Der weiße Hai (Promo-Single ; 2010 ; Vertigo)
 Lieblingsfarben und Tiere (2014 ; Vertigo)

Sampler et bandes son

 Heimweh on the soundtrack of Die fetten Jahre sind vorbei (2004)
 Leider nur ein Vakuum on Hut ab! Hommage an Udo Lindenberg
 Auf der Espressomaschine on The Return of the Furious Swampriders
 Motorcycle Song on Furious Swampriders
 My Bonnie Is Over the Ocean and It's All Over Now, Baby Blue on the soundtrack of NVA (2005)
 Und du wartest » and Wenn der Morgen graut'' Sex II. Sibylle Berg, Audio-CD, Reclam, Leipzig (1999),

Notes et références

Liens externes

Groupe allemand de rock
Groupe musical allemand des années 1980
Groupe musical formé en 1985
Quatuor allemand

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Helping London's most iconic organisation manage its identity.
The omnipresence of British military ceremony is one of the many things that makes London special, and the Buckingham Palace Guards, part of the Household Division of the British Army, are perhaps the most recognisable of London's icons.
The Household Division has enlisted Thrilling Cities to help it become more transparent to the public – and better understood – without becoming a "Disney-esque" tourist attraction.
Initial work has included filming the Division's preparations for the State Opening of Parliament, one of the most momentous of Britain's annual rituals as it honours all branches of the UK's unique form of constitutional government. The film offers glimpses into the army's pre-dawn final rehearsal, which occurred the day before the actual event involving the Queen herself and all members of Parliament.
London military ceremony is a major – but misunderstood – tourist attraction; a photo of a guardsman welcomes passengers arriving at Heathrow; granted special access, Thrilling Cities researched the film over a month-long period and filmed it in 8 hours during a single major event rehearsal.


text:
Под испанска литература разбираме на първо място литературата на Испания, но понятието се употребява също така и за литература, написана на испански език. По-специално, за литературата на Южна Америка виж Латиноамериканска литература. В тази статия се разглежда литературата, създадена в Испания.

Литературата процъфтява на Иберийския полуостров дълго преди появата на съвременния испански език през 13 век. Латинските писатели Сенека, Лукиан, Марциал и Квинтилиан са сред тези, които са родени или са живели в Испания преди разделянето на романските езици. В проучвания от XX век има открити текстове от X и XI век, написани от мюсюлмани и евреи, живеещи в Испания, която по това време е завладяна от маврите и се нарича Ал-Андалус.

Ранни творби на книжовен испански език
Прочутото ранно класическо произведение от испанската литература, сериозното и неукрасено епично стихотворение – Песен за Сид (Cantar de Mío Cid), XII век, възпява живота и делата на националния герой Родриго Диас Де Вивар, наричан Cid Campeador (Лагеруващ герой – войник). През XII век в различни провинции на Иберийския полуостров се появяват много други епични стихотворения, както и най-старите популярни стихотворения. Първият испански поет, чието име е известно със сигурност, е свещеникът Гонсало Де Берсео. Под покровителството на крал Алфонсо X (1221 – 1284), самият той писател, се развиват кастилската проза и език и много произведения на арабски и иврит са преведени на кастилски (книжовен испански език).

През XIV век сред най-важните писатели изпъкват имената на Педро Лопес де Аяла, чието стихотворение Rimado De Palacio (Рими от двореца) осмива обичаите на века; Фан Перес Де Гузман, създател на историческия Generaciones y semblanzas (Поколения и биографии); принца Дон Хуан Мануел, племенник на краля Алфонсо X, чийто Libro de los ejemplos del conde Lucanor et de Patronio (Книга с примерите на граф Луканор и на Патронио) е първата книга с къси истории на испански език; и сатиричния поет Хуан Руис.

По време на управлението на Хуан II през първата половина на XV век в Кастилия, двама важни поети са Хуан де Мена (1411 – 1456) и маркизът Сантияна, които пишат под италианско влияние. Италианските поетични форми са от голямо значение за растежа на испанската поезия отвъд народното изкуство и псевдопровансалския език, но те не са асимилирани в испанска книжнина за следващите векове. Бележита прозаична творба от този период е романът La Celestina (Монархията, 1499), приписана на Фернандо Де Рохас.

Ренесансът и Златната епоха на испанската литература
Първият известен рицарски роман, "Амадис Галски" ("Amadis de Gaul"), е напечатан в Сарагоса през 1508 и служи като модел за рицарския роман, който през 16 век се превръща в най-популярния жанр в Испания, заедно с анонимните балади (романсите), които са пети и рецитирани навсякъде. Междувременно духът на Ренесанса навлиза в испанската книжнина и Испания също става важен европейски център на ренесовата литературата. По време на управлението на император Карл V, е публикуван "Лазарильо де Тормес" ("Lazarillo de Tormes") (1554) – първият авантюристичен роман (пикареска), чийто автор остава неизвестен.

Краят на 16 век и по-голямата част от 17 век представляват великата ера на испанската литература, известна като Златната епоха. В началото на този период, поетът Гарсиласо де ла Вега, стимулиран от работата на Хуан Боскан Алмогавер, успява да овладее стихотворната стъпка, размерите и същината на италианската поезия и по този начин да я адаптира към испанския дух и така осъществява революция в испанската поезия. Главният паметник на прозата от Златната епоха, и един от шедьоврите на световната литература, е романът "Дон Кихот Де Ла Манча" от Мигел де Сервантес Сааведра. Авантюристичният роман процъфтява; видните примери за това са тези на Матео Алеман и Франсиско де Кеведо. Балтасар Грациан е водещ нравоучителен, прозаичен писател.

Златната епоха също създава много велики драматурзи. Лопе де Вега, един от най-плодовитите автори на всички времена, написва множество драми, комедии и религиозни пиеси. Тирсо де Молина, Гилен де Кастро и Белвис и Хуан Руиз де Аларкон също са блестящи драматурзи. Калдерон де ла Барка е последният и вероятно най-добрият драматург на епохата.

Част от Златната епоха са и големите испански мистици Св. Тереза от Авиля, авторка на вдъхновена, одухотворена, възвишена, религиозна автобиография, и нейният ученик Св. Хуан де ла Крус, един от най-добрите поети на Испания. Фрей Луис Понсе де Леон пише изящни пасторали, а Фернандо де Ерера – трогателни оди, но най-влиятелният поет на периода е Луис де Гонгора и Арготе, чийто префинен, претрупан стих е най-яркият израз на стила Барок в испанската литература; в края на 17 век културният стил, известен като гонгоризъм (Gongorism) доминира в испанската литература.

Осемнадесети век
През XVIII век френският неокласицизъм упражнява мощно и възпрепятстващо влияние върху испанската литература. "Поетика" (Poética) на Игнасио де Лузан отразява академичните (традиционните) принципи на епохата. Важен есеист е Бенито Геронимо Фейхоо и Монтенегро, бенедиктински монах, който живее в Испания в епохата на Просвещението.

Трима автори са признати като видни изключения сред всеобщото западане на испанското литературно творчество: Леандро Фернандез де Моратин, писател на пиеси в неокласически стил; Рамон де ла Круз, автор на популярните пиески, наречени сайнете (sainete – от испански: популярна комична пиеса); и поетът Хуан Мелендез Валдес. Докато патриотичната поезия на Мануел Кинтана е в неокласическа форма, тя предпоставя чувствата на Романтизма.

Деветнадесети век и Романтизмът
По време на първите години на XIX век суровостите на наполеоновата окупация потискат продуктивността и градивния характер на испанския интелектуалец. Затова по-късно през 1833, със смъртта на Фернандо VII, романтизмът помита страната както огън – суха трева; неговото надмощие е драматично, но остава повърхностно.

Голяма част от работата на водещите романтични автори – Ангел де Сааведра, херцог де Ривас, Хосе де Еспронседа и Хосе Зория Морал – подражават и дори повтарят френски и английски модели, но Мариано Хосе де Лара показва оригиналност в своите възхитителни сатирични скици. Скиците на Лара са блестящи примери за битовост (Costumbrismo) – литературни изображения от местния колорит, обичаи и образци – жанр в Испания, тясно свързан и дори причина за по-нататъчните натурализъм и реализъм.

Двама надарени пост-романтични поети са Росалия де Кастро (пишейки на галисийски) и Густаво Адолфо Бекер.

Движенията на късен XIX и ранен XX век
Внушителната личност на Бенито Перес Галдос доминира в реалистичния роман по време на втората половина на 19 век, но Педро Антонио де Аларкон, Хосе Мария де Переда, Армандо Паласио Валдес, Хуан Валера, Алкала Галиано и Пардо Басан също пишат забележителна белетристика. Реализмът продължава да има водещи представители през XX век, особено Висенте Бласко Ибанес, но в края на XIX век интелектуалният и литературният живот на Испания преживява дълбоко преобразяване. Със загубата на колониите и разпадането си като империя и поради катастрофалните последици от Карлистките войни, Испания се изправя през икономически и културен фалит.

В края на века писателите на т.нар. Поколение '98 (Generación del '98), стимулирани от френски и германски влияния, от Рубен Дарио и модернистичните движения в испанска Америка, имат намерение да преоценят и съживят културния живот на Испания. Анхел Ганивет предвещава тяхната работа в т.нар. Idearium español (Испански идеали, мисли). Мигел де Унамуно, като писател, есеист, поет, романист и учител, подчертава донкихотския аспект на испанските ценности и оказва голямо влияние върху испанската младеж. Асорин създава паметни импресионистични скици. Рамон дел Валие Инклан привнася поетично усещане в своите фантастични и чудати романи и пиеси. Пио Бароха изпълва романите си с яростното, силно чувство за независимостта на духа, като отхвърля всички традиционни стойности и се опитва да събуди хората да действат.

Драмата, чийто единствен виден представител в късния XIX век е Хосе Ечегарай, е пробудена в ранния XX век от Хасинто Грау (Jacinto Grau), Грегорио Мартинес Сиера и по-специално от Хасинто Бенавенте Мартинес. Главна роля в испанското културно съживяване играе големият учител Франсиско Хинер де лос Риос.

След Първата световна война интелектуалните течения от Поколение '98 започват движение, заедно с други сили в европейския авангард, което цели да възроди испанския културен живот в годините, предхождащи избухването на гражданската война. Критиката, която процъфтява в началото на века под името на учения Марселино Менендес Пелайо, достига нови висоти в анализите на изтъкнатия специалист по история на средните векове Рамон Менендес Пидал. Хумористът Рамон Гомес де ла Серна пише в неподражаем стил т. нар. грегериас (greguerías – исп. шум, вик).

В поезията обаче испанската литература създава своите най-големи постижения. Стихотворенията на Антонио Мачадо и на изтъкнатия Хуан Рамон Хименес са сред най-ценените. Хосе Морено Виля, Рафаел Алберти, Висенте Алеиксандре, Луис Сернуда, Хорге Гилиен, Дамасо Алонсо и много други оформят блестящо съзвездие от поети, но най-ангажиращата фигура е тази на поета и драматург Федерико Гарсия Лорка.

Паралелно с този разцвет в поезията е и творчеството на един от най-надарените писатели на Испания – Хосе Ортега и Гасет. Романистът Рамон Перес де Аяла използва неговите романи като форум за интелектуална дискусия, докато Габриел Миро Ферер пише романи, които може да бъдат разглеждани като лирични стихотворения в проза, а Бенхамин Харнес създава сюрреалистични такива. Романите на Рамон Х. Сендер са връщане към социалната критика.

Испанската гражданска война и настоящето
Испанската гражданска война (1936–39) пресича културната еволюция на страната. Много творци отиват в изгнание. Салинас, Гийен, Хуан Лареа и други емигрират в чужбина. Сред романистите, които се появяват след Испанската гражданска война, е носителят на Нобелова награда Камило Хосе Села, Кармен Лафорет и Хосе Мария Гиронея. Салвадор де Мадариага става известен като биограф и историк. През 1950-те и 60-те настъпва постепенно връщане към политическа и литературна хармония.

Списъкът на писатели, които са си създали литературно име след Втората световна война, включва романистите Макс Ауб, Мигел Делибес, Хуан Гоитисоло, Ана Мария Матуте, Рафаел Санчес Ферлосио, Луис Мартин Сантос и Госало Торенте-Байестер; поетите Мануел Алтоагире и Херардо Диего; и драматурзите Антония Буеро Вайехо, Алехандро Касона и Алфонсо Састре.

Отразявайки западноевропейското развитие, литературата в Испания в годините след диктатурата на Франсиско Франко се отличава с много формално експериментиране. Сред важните романисти са Хуан Бенет, Кармен-Мартин-Гаите, Едуардо Мендоса, Соледад Пуертолас, Кармен Риера и Ана Мария Моа. Драматурзите включват Фернандо Арабел, Антонио Гала, Фермин Кабал и Алонсо де Сантос. Сред поетите са Ана Росети, Антонио Карвахал, Гилермо Карнеро, Хайме Силас и Антонио де Вийена.

Издания
 Фернандо де Рохас. Селестина. Трагикомедия за Калисто и Мелибеа. С., 2007.
 Педро Калдерон да ла Барка. "Животът е сън" и други пиеси. С., 2010.

Изследвания
 Hutton, L. J. The Christian Essence of Spanish Literature: An Historical Survey. Lewiston, 1989 (Studies in Art and Religious Interpretation, 19).
 Унамуно, М. де. Детството на Дон Кихот и други есета. С., 2002.
 The Cambridge History of Spanish Literature. Ed. David T. Gies. Cambridge, 2004.
 Устинова, И. В. История испанской литературы. Учебное пособие. В 2-х томах. Т. 1 (средние века – барокко). М., 2005.
 Dimitrova, M. Historia de la literatura española. Siglos de Oro: Renacimiento. Sofia, 2009.
 Dimitrova, М. Antologia de la literatura espanola (siglos XI-XVII). 4 ed. Sofia, 2009.

Видни представители
 Мигел де Сервантес (1547 – 1616)
 Лопе де Вега (1562 – 1635)
 Мигел де Унамуно (1864 – 1936)
 Федерико Гарсия Лорка (1898 – 1936)
 Педро Хуан Гутиерес (1950-)


If you are a regular reader here at the Almero Student Mansions blog, you will know that Bristol is one of our favourite student locations.
Aside from the fact that we have some of our finest student accommodation in the city, it is simply a perfect place for students to enjoy their studies. From a cosmopolitan lifestyle, to local attractions and of course the quality of the universities and colleges, there are few places in the UK that offers such a wide range of benefit to the modern student.
With this in mind, we have seen fit to put together this guide to the best bars in Bristol. Crucial to any student's day to day lifestyle, know where you can find the best bars in Bristol, from pubs to wine bars and cocktail joint, this guide should help you to discover just where you should be drinking in the city when you head to the area for your studies.
When you're looking for Bristol's best bars, it's important to bear in mind that everyone has their own vibe. Some of us love settling down in a cosy pub whereas others will be looking to paint the town red and party in one of the many cocktail bars Bristol has to offer. Add to this wine bars, trendy venues specialising in gin and even quirky rooftop bars and you will quickly see that there are perfect bars for everyone.
Read on to find which we recommend, hopefully there is something below for everyone!
It makes sense to start with Bristol's pubs, nestled in the heart of the west country there are few places in the UK with more quintessentially British public houses. To list every single one on here would take years but we have got together and listed some of best we could think of, all of which come recommend by CAMRA so you know you will be getting a pint you can trust!
If the pub vibe just isn't for you and you wish to wind down from your studies with a good old Margarita or Old Fashioned, then one of the city's cocktail bars is probably a good shout. These are spread out over the city centre, west end and Clifton and again, we have listed some of the best cocktail bars in Bristol, all of which welcome students.
Bristol is a city that has steadily grown over the years and as such, it can be hard to familiarise yourself with all the districts at first. One that has proven to be very popular with students in recent times, is Clifton. Home of the suspension bridge and other Bristol attractions, it is also where you will find some of the best boozers and cocktail bars in the region. And yep you guessed it, we have listed the best of the best below.
It is also important to note that some of the above cocktail bars and pubs are in Clifton, so we have left them out of this list to avoid repetition.
The fourth entry on this list should be of particular interest to anyone looking for the best rooftop bar Bristol has to offer. Grain Barge allows you to bask in the summer sunshine whilst admiring Brunel's SS Great Britain. Perhaps the finest achievement of Bristol's favourite sun, this is surely the ultimate way to drink in the city especially when the weather is good. Run by the Bristol Beer Factory, this pub is one of the best and should be visited at least once during your time studying in the south west.
Of the thirty awesome pubs mentioned in our guide to the best bars in Bristol, many do great pub food. Eating well is a big part of the west country culture and most public houses take this seriously, but we particularly recommend you check out Pump House, The Bank Tavern and the aptly named Graze but this not to do any of the other establishments in the area a disservice. We are sure you will find time to check all of these great Bristol bards out at some time during your tenure in the city. Enjoy!


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2014-15 Strive HI System results http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/VisionForSuccess/AdvancingEducation/StriveHIPerformanceSystem/Pages/2014-15-results.aspx 2014-15 Strive HI System results Links to key reports and the press release for Strive HI Performance System results for school year 2014-15.
Strategic Plan Update: Aug. 22, 2016 http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/VisionForSuccess/AdvancingEducation/StrategicPlan/Pages/0822.aspx Strategic Plan Update: Aug. 22, 2016 One in a series of email updates on the Strategic Plan review and extension process.
Strategic Plan Update: July 27, 2016 http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/VisionForSuccess/AdvancingEducation/StrategicPlan/Pages/072716.aspx Strategic Plan Update: July 27, 2016 One in a series of email updates on the Strategic Plan review and extension process.
April 2016 Education Update http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/VisionForSuccess/Newsletters/EducationUpdate/Pages/April-2016.aspx April 2016 Education Update In this edition: Latest College & Career Readiness Indicators report shows more seniors earning Early College credit, Maunakea Scholars from Kapolei High begin their telescope time, Leilehua High students excel in national Scholastic Art Awards, Supt. Kathryn Matayoshi talks about the review and extension of the Strategic Plan, opportunities and coming events.
Strategic Plan Update: June 8, 2016 http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/VisionForSuccess/AdvancingEducation/StrategicPlan/Pages/060816.aspx Strategic Plan Update: June 8, 2016 One in a series of updates about the Strategic Plan review and extension process.
Educator Effectiveness System survey gathers teacher feedback http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/ConnectWithUs/MediaRoom/PressReleases/Pages/Educator-Effectiveness-System-survey-gathers-teacher-feedback.aspx Educator Effectiveness System survey gathers teacher feedback The survey gathered teacher feedback on their experiences and opinions regarding the Educator Effectiveness System to help better understand its strengths and identify areas for improvement.
School Year 2013-14 results: Strive HI http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/VisionForSuccess/AdvancingEducation/StriveHIPerformanceSystem/Pages/2013-14-results.aspx School Year 2013-14 results: Strive HI Results for the Department's school accountability and improvement system for School Year 2013-14, released August 2014. Strive HI is meant to be a diagnostic tool to strategically deploy resources and supports to schools; it is not a tool to rank schools.
Librarians win awards for growing digital resources, school communities http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/VisionForSuccess/SuccessStories/TeachersAndPrincipals/Pages/slj.aspx Librarians win awards for growing digital resources, school communities School Library Journal honored two public school librarians in Hawaii this year: Michelle Colte (Hale Kula El) and Denise Sumida (Pearl Harbor El). What do they have in common? Using technology to promote literacy and community, with a focus on student support and learning.
Welcome back! from Supt. Kathryn Matayoshi http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/ConnectWithUs/Organization/LeadershipProfilesAndStaff/Pages/2016-17-welcome-back.aspx Welcome back! from Supt. Kathryn Matayoshi As school year 2016-17 gets under way, this letter is being sent home to parents and families with information about the Strategic Plan review and extension, which will help HIDOE build upon successes in schools and identify innovative solutions to support a high quality education for all students.
Strategic Plan Update: May 6, 2016 http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/VisionForSuccess/AdvancingEducation/StrategicPlan/Pages/050616.aspx Strategic Plan Update: May 6, 2016 One in a series of email updates on the Strategic Plan review and extension process.
Our commitment to student civil rights http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/ConnectWithUs/Organization/OfficesAndBranches/Pages/Supt-Kishimoto-041618.aspx Our commitment to student civil rights The following message from Supt. Christina Kishimoto was sent to all Hawaii DOE staff on April 16, 2018.
Improved Educator Effectiveness System praised http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/ConnectWithUs/MediaRoom/PressReleases/Pages/Improved-Educator-Effectiveness-System-Praised.aspx Improved Educator Effectiveness System praised Changes made to improve the Educator Effectiveness System based on teacher feedback helps increase understanding of the supports in place to help them advance their practice, according to a survey.
Public school students see double-digit gains on AP Exams http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/ConnectWithUs/MediaRoom/PressReleases/Pages/Public-school-students-see-double-digit-gains-on-AP-Exams.aspx Public school students see double-digit gains on AP Exams Hawaii's public school students continue to show growth on the Advanced Placement Program® (AP®) Exams. In a report released today, Hawaii State Department of Education students who were tested last May show double-digit increases in the number of exam takers, exams taken and scores of 3 or higher.
July 2016 Education Update http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/VisionForSuccess/Newsletters/EducationUpdate/Pages/July-2016.aspx July 2016 Education Update In this edition: An important update on heat abatement and the Cool Schools initiative, Supt. Matayoshi talks about community outreach for the Strategic Plan and implications of new federal law, plus opportunities for schools and educators, and upcoming events.
Strategic Plan Update: Sept. 26, 2016 http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/VisionForSuccess/AdvancingEducation/StrategicPlan/Pages/092616.aspx Strategic Plan Update: Sept. 26, 2016 One in a series of email updates on the Strategic Plan review and extension process.
All voices welcome in shaping our education future http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/ConnectWithUs/Organization/LeadershipProfilesAndStaff/Pages/All-voices-welcome-in-shaping-our-education-future.aspx All voices welcome in shaping our education future Superintendent Kathryn Matayoshi provided an update to the Honolulu Star-Advertiser about the progress made in receiving community feedback for the HIDOE/BOE Strategic Plan and ESSA State Plan, as well as plans for Phase II outreach.
Strategic Plan Update, May 24, 2016 http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/VisionForSuccess/AdvancingEducation/StrategicPlan/Pages/052416.aspx Strategic Plan Update, May 24, 2016 One in a series of updates about the Strategic Plan review and extension process.
Teachers drive improvement through Hawaii Lab Cohorts http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/TeachingAndLearning/EducatorEffectiveness/ProfessionalDevelopment/Pages/Hawaii-Lab-Cohorts.aspx Teachers drive improvement through Hawaii Lab Cohorts Hawaii Lab Cohorts are teacher learning communities within complex areas and schools that offer an effective approach to professional growth for teachers, allowing for continuous improvement. A shining example is in the Kailua-Kalaheo Complex Area. In its fourth year of implementation, the cohort has grown from school-level English Language Arts teams to complex-wide labs in ELA and math, soon to expand to science.
Strategic Plan update: April 21, 2016 http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/VisionForSuccess/AdvancingEducation/StrategicPlan/Pages/042116.aspx Strategic Plan update: April 21, 2016 First in a series of email updates on the Strategic Plan review and extension process.
Hawaii public school students continue to make strides on AP Exams http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/ConnectWithUs/MediaRoom/PressReleases/Pages/AP-Scores.aspx Hawaii public school students continue to make strides on AP Exams More HIDOE students are both taking and passing Advanced Placement Exams.
Strategic Plan Update: July 7, 2016 http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/VisionForSuccess/AdvancingEducation/StrategicPlan/Pages/070716.aspx Strategic Plan Update: July 7, 2016 One in a series of email updates on the Strategic Plan review and extension process.
2016-17 Strive HI System results http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/VisionForSuccess/AdvancingEducation/StriveHIPerformanceSystem/Pages/2016-17-results.aspx 2016-17 Strive HI System results Links to key reports and the press release for Strive HI Performance System results for school year 2016-17, showing how our schools are doing across a range of measurements. Hawai'i's accountability system has been updated to align with the state's 2017-2020 Strategic Plan, as well as new requirements under federal law, the Every Student Succeeds Act.
2015-16 Strive HI System results http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/VisionForSuccess/AdvancingEducation/StriveHIPerformanceSystem/Pages/2015-16-results.aspx 2015-16 Strive HI System results Links to key reports and the press release for Strive HI Performance System results for school year 2015-16. This is a transitional year as we move into a new performance system under the federal Every Student Succeeds Act; there is no Index Score or Classification for schools this year.
Strategic Plan Update: Oct. 18, 2016 http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/VisionForSuccess/AdvancingEducation/StrategicPlan/Pages/101816.aspx Strategic Plan Update: Oct. 18, 2016 One in a series of email updates on the Strategic Plan review and extension process.
Strategic Plan update: May 16, 2016 http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/VisionForSuccess/AdvancingEducation/StrategicPlan/Pages/051616.aspx Strategic Plan update: May 16, 2016 Third in a series of email updates on the DOE/BOE Strategic Plan review and extension process.
Hawaii a model for rest of the country http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/ConnectWithUs/MediaRoom/PressReleases/Pages/Hawaii-a-model-for-rest-of-the-country.aspx Hawaii a model for rest of the country U.S. Department of Education monitoring report praises progress in Hawaii's public school system, from the implementation of high academic standards to supports provided to educators and students.
Community Meetings: Strategic Plan & ESSA http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/VisionForSuccess/AdvancingEducation/StrategicPlan/Pages/Community-Meetings.aspx Community Meetings: Strategic Plan & ESSA The Board of Education and Hawaii State Department of Education are hosting community meetings to share draft updates of the Strategic Plan to better support student success. The Governor's ESSA Team is also sharing information about new opportunities under the federal Every Student Succeeds Act. Hawaii's state plan for ESSA will be informed by the Strategic Plan. Anyone interested in public education is encouraged to attend and learn more.
Which student promise in the 2030 Promise Plan are you most interested in?
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Specs is not a problem since i can play with all the diffrent specs on my classes, and i am of course willing to respec after your desire.
I would prefer to play one of the classes listed above, but i am more than willing to level any class that can tribute for further progression in the guild.
● Raid experience: Which classic raids have you completed?
This is what i clearld in vanilla retail, rest of the missing bosses i've cleared in the expantions, tbc, woltk.
On retail warrior was my main, but i have had experience with nearly all classes in high levels and raided with most of them.
In retail i raided with a hunter and warrior.
I know insany who is also my irl mate, he has told me great things about Forsaken and it really sounds like a friendly yet serious guild. I have also heard quite a lot of your humor while at his place and you seem like real nice folks. I was also in Sultans of Swing but only for a few weeks before it disbanded, so i remember a few of the lads in forsaken from back then.
Insany has told me a lot of great things about the guild and it sounds like a guild that would be perfect for me, fun to be in and socialize with, but at the same time serious when it comes to progress in raiding.
I am a friendly and tolerant person always glad to help others out if they should need help with instancing, crafting, quests or just have questions.
I'm a laid back and easy going person, who always shows up prepared for raids.
I have great WoW experience and i am always willing to contribute for the greater good of the guild.
I am a great guy who is looking for a progressing raiding guild to have some fun in while enjoying the good old classic content of WoW.
If allowed to join the guild with a class i dont yet have at max level, i will work as fast as possible to get it leveled and geared up so i won't be holding the guild down in your raids.
This is a great app, just need to find out who needs you, but no matter what I suggest one of the class leaders pick you up. Apps like this lead us to some great players in the past.
At first, great applicaton. Really fresh, and easy/smooth reading. Not too much information or too less, +1!
But I want to question you, as I do with many. I doubt that you were raiding retail Naxxramas at a year of 13. (Which means going to bed after 24:00 servertime, spending more than 30 hours a week in-game). I'm not trying to be harsh or anything, but honesty goes first. Describe!
Having just accepted two backup dps warriors, Insany being one of them, I can't accept another one. So your application as dps warrior is declined. Good luck with the rest of the classes.
As one of our core hunters is going on vacation (or taking a break) the next 1month, I would like to chat with you ingame.
Hopefully a classleader will pick you up as I'm sure you are very committed to this guild and it's progress.
I think we may mostly need resto shaman? since one core shaman just left.
Flarg we did lose a core resto shaman but we are already sitting on 3 more backups in the guild. Another shaman just means 1 more person sitting out. Just my two cents, but it's ultimately upto Exstacy.
Totemkhamen wrote: Flarg we did lose a core resto shaman but we are already sitting on 3 more backups in the guild. Another shaman just means 1 more person sitting out. Just my two cents, but it's ultimately upto Exstacy.
I agree, we have a great raid attendance so on every single raid shamans sits out.
I started raiding naxx when i was 14 and i guess i was quite mature for my age. It was also around the last 4 weeks before tbc was released(vacation from school because of Xmas:D) so the raiding wasn't all that serious, which probably was the reason i got a spot in the first place.
Translated: "Cool you know brail, too ?"
Rodent wrote: Having just accepted two backup dps warriors, Insany being one of them, I can't accept another one.
which core shaman left? and nahe, he could be in a guild with another time, like russians raid earlier then us . how bout that .
Guys I actually believe this guys progression. He only downed 3 bosses in Naxx which, while difficult, is nothing like doing all 14. I think it;s entirely possible that he could have been involved. The first 3 bosses in Naxx are doable if a guild can down Nef tbh.
I'm sorry but Flarg is right; we're currently full on druids. This is a great application though.
Good luck with another class!
Shus you guys I already talked to him! Waiting for Rokki, if he says good for it, he's comming as hunter!
yeah, one things for you guys to take into account with the credibility of peoples progress is also the quality of the app itself. People who lie about their progress generally don't write good apps either.
Ah, yeah, the warrior was called Sincery. Close. It is! There's a Y at the end of both of them.
btw this is the best application topic RUSSIA!
So far i have been declined on warrior, mage, druid, shaman and allowed as a possible back up on a priest, or possibly a spot as a hunter.
I will be waiting for confirmation if the hunter will be usable for the guild. before i start gearing it up.


text:
Q: SQL Local Network Connection String I am rather new to Database developing, and I am building a simple one to track Work Hours for our small company. Now that my program is done, I need to find a way to hook the Connection String on the Database that is located in a folder within the Local Network Server.
I am building a C# application which uses a SqlConnection.
My Database is a LocalDB, .mdf file.
How the program works:

*

*Users install the program on their computers locally with the Setup.msi file

*The program connects to the Local Server to access the Database (the drive letter depends on the PC. This is what's bugging me since I can give an absolute
path)

Right now my Connection String looks something like this:
public static string ConnectionString { get; set; } = @"Data Source=(LocalDB)\MSSQLLocalDB;AttachDbFilename=|DataDirectory|\TimeControl.mdf;Integrated Security=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=True;";

But this is no good as I was only using this during the actual programming for debugging purposes.
Is there a simple way to make it so that everyone can connect to the DB and access it, whatever their drive letter is? A relative path of some sort.
Thanks!

A: The proper way to do this would be to create a SQL-Server. Namely a machine which has the purpose to provide database services. There you could create a database everybody can access.
For further information read here. Here you can get an overview on existing versions of Microsoft SQL Server.
Another solution would be to make the user install SQL-Express along with your application (see here). This would write all the data to the database on their own machine. I guess you want to avoid this.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Category: Holocaust
Jews Must Convert or Die; The anti-Semitic Face of Christian Zionism
March 29, 2015 by The Age of Blasphemy, posted in anti-Semitic, Christian Zionism, Far Right, Hell, Holocaust, John Hagee
CUFI Leader John Hagee confirms Christian Zionism is anti-Semitic
CUFI leader John Hagee speaks to Israel supporters at a rally at the Jerusalem convention center in 2008 (Photo: AP)
Evangelical pastor John Hagee, the leader of Christians United for Israel (CUFI), the US' largest pro-Israel organization and the most powerful group in the Christian Zionist movement, has adamantly insisted that Christian Zionism is anti-Semitic.
WorldNetDaily (WND), a far-right website published an article in March 2015 about the "Blood Moon Prophecy," an end-of-times theory that lunar eclipses are a sign that the world is on the brink of destruction and that the Second Coming of Jesus Christ is near. The lengthy piece is about Hagee's film Four Blood Moons, which endorses the eschatological theory. Toward the end of the article, WND quotes a spokesperson for Hagee:
"WND falsely claimed that Hagee does not believe that Jews need Jesus to be saved. In fact, Hagee never made such a claim and years ago directly denied assertions that he holds a dual-covenant theology," he wrote. "In addition, while WND acknowledges that Hagee rewrote sections of 'In Defense of Israel' to clarify his relevant position, WND failed to note that the associated video promotion was also changed to accurately reflect his theology."
Translated: WND claimed that Hagee believed the Jewish people could be saved by God without abandoning Judaism and converting to Christianity. Apocalyptic Christian Zionist John Hagee censured the publication for spreading a lie and defensively clarified that he does indeed believe that the Jewish people are going to burn in Hell for all of eternity unless they abandon Judaism and convert to Christianity.
In short, Hagee firmly insisted that Christian Zionism is anti-Semitic, and that the reason CUFI so obsessively and blindly defends Israel is not because they care about Jews (who, in their mind, will face eternal damnation unless they renounce their religion and become Christians) but rather because they genuinely believe the world is on the verge of total annihilation and the Bible supposedly tells them they must do so.
Christian Zionism is the belief that God gave the Jewish people the land of Israel in historic Palestine. Christian Zionists hold that this is part of a biblical prophecy, and is a necessary prerequisite before the Second Coming of Jesus Christ and the ensuing Day of Judgment.
This is not a view shared by all Christians, yet is very common among Evangelicals and conservative Protestants. In recent years, it has gained prominence in the US, particularly in the Bible Belt. A late 2013 Pew Research study found 82% of white evangelical Christians in the US believed God gave the land of Israel to the Jewish people, while only 40% of US Jews believed the same.
John Hagee is the leader of CUFI, the most powerful Christian Zionist organization in the US, and likely in the entire world.
Some Jewish and Zionist organizations have criticized Hagee and the Christian Zionist movement. Eric Yoffie, former president of the Union for Reform Judaism, publicly proclaimed that, vis-à-vis "Israeli-Palestinian politics, John Hagee and the CUFI are extremists." Yoffie "called for Reform congregations to not participate in CUFI's events and to continue to call for public condemnation of inflammatory and bigoted statements from Christian Zionist leadership."
Many Jewish and Zionist organizations, however, see Hagee and CUFI as important allies. At the CUFI 2013 Summit, Malcolm Hoenlein, executive vice chairman of the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations—a coalition of 51 US Jewish groups, including some of the most prominent—voiced support of biblical Christian Zionist prophecies. "The prophets were not prophets of doom but prophets of hope; you just have to read it right," he told them. "Here's my advice: Don't bet against the Jews. And the 'Jewish lobby' is a myth, but it's our job to make it a legend."
Israel itself has been more than happy to support CUFI. Ron Dermer, Israeli Ambassador to the US, spoke glowingly of the organization at its 2014 summit. Prime Minister Netanyahu has also enthusiastically supported the group, and has spoken at several of their annual summits.
Hagee's History of Extreme Views
Hagee, who thinks we are the last generation of humans, is no stranger to controversy. In late 2014, he claimed that Ebola (along with the civil rights protests in Ferguson and elsewhere) was God's way of "punishing" America, because Obama was trying to "divide" Israel.
The pastor has even gone so far as to essentially defend Adolf Hitler. In a 2005 sermon, Hagee asserted that God sent Hitler as a "hunter," in order to "hunt them [Jews] from every mountain and from every hill and out of the holes of the rocks … to get them to come back to the land of Israel."
Once again, these are the views of the leader of, in CUFI's own words, "the largest pro-Israel organization in the United States with over two million members and one of the leading Christian grassroots movements in the world."
The Washington Post indicates that CUFI "can boast that it has members from every congressional district in America." Foreign Policy included John Hagee in its list of the 50 Republicans with the most influence on foreign policy. The evangelical Christian Zionist was a much sought-after figure by the Republican Party in the 2008 presidential election. He ended up endorsing John McCain.
WND's founder and CEO Joseph Farah responded positively to Hagee's firm insistence on his Christianity-rooted anti-Semitism. "I'm happy to hear that Hagee no longer subscribes to those anti-biblical positions," he said. "But we never asserted what Hagee believes, only what he said on videotape. I'm gratified he has repudiated all of that. It's time for him to clean up another mess."
Like Hagee, Farah resolutely maintains that Christian Zionism is, in its very essence, an anti-Semitic ideology, as, in his view, it is an "anti-biblical position" to claim that Jews are not automatically damned to eternal suffering in a lake of fire merely by virtue of their being Jewish.
Tagged anti-Semitic, Christian Zionism, Christian Zionist, Christian Zionists, Far Right, Hell, Holocaust, John Hagee3 Comments
'Half-Breed Jew' Committed Holocaust, Claims Netanyahu Ally John Hagee
March 20, 2015 March 20, 2015 by The Age of Blasphemy, posted in Armageddon, Christian Zionist, God, Hitler, Holocaust, Israel, Jews, John Hagee
[Comment:- someone please tell the Israeli government that the only reason this porcine toad is a Christian Zionist is because he's praying for God to kill all the Jews, so that the Christians can have the land Israel stolen from the Palestinians. And that by doing so, he is objectively pro-death, pro-sabotage and pro-theft. With genocidal "friends" like Hagee, does Israel need enemies?!]
Main article by Bruce Wilson
Who committed the Holocaust?
For the overwhelming majority of historians and, needless to say, Jews it's a settled question: Hitler, and his Nazis. But Christians United For Israel (CUFI) head John Hagee, one of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's closest American allies, has a different answer: "half-breed Jews." Netanyahu meets frequently with Hagee, endorses CUFI, has spoken at numerous CUFI events, and lavishes Hagee and his organization with praise. Prime Minister Netanyahu is currently scheduled to speak at CUFI's annual Washington summit, July 13-14 2015. Hagee's Christians United For Israel organization currently sells a book by pastor John Hagee, Jerusalem Countdown: A warning To The World, which on page 149 (2006 "revised and updated" paperback edition) claims Adolf Hitler was a "half-breed Jew" and states (p. 97) that Hitler was sent by God, as a "hunter," to persecute Europe's Jews and drive them towards "the only home God ever intended for the Jews to have-Israel." In 2008 media uproar over Hagee's "hunter" claim (as made in a 2005 sermon that was exposed by this author) led presidential candidate John McCain to renounce his long-sought endorsement from pastor Hagee. Hagee's claim that Hitler was Jewish is not new. In a 2003 sermon broadcast internationally and marketed as a VHS cassette, John Hagee claimed [link to video of sermon] the Antichrist would be "partially Jewish, as was Adolf Hitler, as was Karl Marx." CUFI head John Hagee also blames anti-Semitism on Jews themselves, writing in Jerusalem Countdown (p. 56) that "It was the disobedience and rebellion of the Jews… that gave rise to the opposition and persecution that they experienced beginning in Canaan and continuing to this very day." Hagee's book then traces (p. 57) the birth of anti-Semitism to Jewish idol worship:
How utterly repulsive, insulting, and heartbreaking to God for his chosen people to credit idols with bringing blessings he had showered upon the chosen people. Their own rebellion had birthed the seed of anti-Semitism that would arise and bring destruction to them for centuries to come.
In Hagee's account "half-breed Jews," Hitler included, have served as the human agents by which God implements a divine curse placed upon the racially pure (non-miscegenated) Jewish people. On page 149 of Hagee's book Jerusalem Countdown, in a chapter with the ominous title "Who Is a Jew," Hagee writes,
Esau's descendants would produce a lineage that would attack and slaughter the Jews for centuries. Esau's descendants included Haman, whose diabolical mind conceived the "final solution" of the Old Testament — the extermination of all Jews living in Persia. It was Esau's descendants who produced the half-breed Jews of history who have persecuted and murdered the Jews beyond human comprehension. Adolf Hitler was a distant descendant of Esau.
In his next sentence, Hagee goes on to make the false claim that in the 1976 book Adolf Hitler: The Definitive Biography, noted Hitler biographer John Toland "records that Hitler was part Jewish." What Toland actually stated in his Hitler biography was "There is the slight possibility that Hitler's grandfather was a wealthy Jew named Frankenberger or Frankenreither." Hagee's identification of a miscegenated race of "half-breed Jews" tracing back to Esau seems to originate in theological ideas from the fringe, virulently racist white supremacist Christian Identity movement, as described in books such as Religion and The Racist Right: The Origins of the Christian Identity Movement, by leading authority Dr. Michael Barkun. While John Hagee has for decades loudly and publicly condemned anti-Semitism, his writings and sermons have nonetheless promoted some of the most influential and inflammatory anti-Jewish tropes of the modern era, such as the claim that predatory Jewish bankers control international finance and prey upon the masses of humankind.
John Hagee, giving March 23, 2003 sermon
In a March 23, 2003 sermon broadcast internationally, Hagee claimed European Rothschild bankers, along with David Rockefeller, controlled the U.S. economy through the Federal Reserve — which according to Hagee was bankrupting average Americans by devaluing the dollar. The Jewish Anti-Defamation League identifies this type of Federal Reserve conspiracy theory, that places Jewish bankers at the center of the proposed grand financial conspiracy, as a "classic anti-Semitic myth"
Promotional poster for Nazi anti-Jewish propaganda film "Der Ewige Jude" ("The Eternal Jew")
Hagee's Jewish banker conspiracy theory was astonishingly similar to claims showcased in the 1940 anti-Jewish Nazi propaganda film The Eternal Jew, said to have been produced under supervision of Hitler's propagandist Joseph Goebbels [link to video footage] . The Nazi film claimed (see link, above) that Jewish bankers, led by European Rothschilds, had "spread their net of financial influence over the working man" and were using their influence over global finance to "terrorize world [money] markets, world opinion, and world politics." In his March 23, 2003 sermon, that was marketed by John Hagee Ministries as a 3-VHS cassette tape series, Hagee explained [video link], to his megachurch members and to audiences viewing Hagee's sermon on evangelical radio and TV networks across the globe:
It may be shocking to you but I believe that America's economic problems are not created by market conditions, they are planned and orchestrated to devalue and to destroy the value of the dollar. It was done by an unseen government that I'll discuss later in this message. [..] Our economic destiny is controlled by the Federal Reserve system that is now headed by Alan Greenspan. Think about this. It is not a government institution. It is controlled by a group of Class A stockholders including the Rothschilds of Europe and the David Rockefellers of America… So get this one thought. The value of the dollar is controlled by an agency which is not controlled by America. You don't have to have a Ph.D. in finance to understand that. The value of your dollar is controlled by an organization, the Federal Reserve that is not controlled by America. That's a fact.
Packaging of John Hagee's 2003 3-sermon VHS set Iraq: The Final War, that contained Hagee's March 23, 2003 sermon
Hagee also aired his Jewish banker conspiracy theory in his 1996 book Day of Deception that was reprinted in 2000 in an edition billed as having sold "over 1.1 million copies." Hagee's Day of Deception is still sold, by Thomas Nelson publishers. In the book, Hagee makes clear that European Rothschilds (not Rockefellers) have majority shareholder control of the Federal Reserve. In his March 23, 2003 sermon, Hagee predicted that Jewish financiers were behind a satanic Illuminati plot, based in Europe, that would bring the Antichrist to power. This Antichrist, who in a prior sermon Hagee had predicted would be both partially Jewish and homosexual, would according to Hagee [video link] slaughter up to 1/3 of the world's population and "make Hitler look like a choirboy". Hagee's claim that Hitler was "partially Jewish" fits into an emerging American right-wing revisionist genre, with both evangelical and secular expressions, that is rewriting the Holocaust by recasting the victims of Nazi persecution, such as Jews, liberals, communists, and homosexuals, as having been themselves the architects of Nazi persecution and the Holocaust. John Hagee's pro-Israel form of Christian Zionism is an extremely complex phenomenon which over the past several decades has come to play a significant role in Israel politics. (see this analysis, from Boston-based think tank Political Research Associates, by PRA Fellow Rachel Tabachnick, on the tortured admixture of philo-Semitism and anti-Semitism that characterizes the movement). But Christian Zionism is not new. In the early 1920s, a leading American industrialist — one of the giants of his age, wrote,
Every Jew ought to know also that in every Christian church where the ancient prophecies are received and studied, there is a great revival of interest in the future of the Ancient People. It is not forgotten that certain promises were made to them regarding their position in the world, and it is held that these prophesies will be fulfilled. The future of the Jew, as prophetically outlined, is intimately bound up with the future of this planet, and the Christian church in large part-at least by the evangelical wing, which most Jews condemn-sees a Restoration of the Chosen People yet to come. If the mass of Jews knew how understandingly and sympathetically all the prophecies will find fulfillment and that they will result in great Jewish service to society at large, they would probably regard the church with another mind.
The author was Henry Ford, who in the 1920s commissioned the writing of the infamous anti-Jewish tract series The International Jew: The World's Foremost Problem that expanded upon anti-Jewish conspiracy theories outlined in the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, the notorious anti-Jewish propaganda document forged by the Russian Tzarist secret police.
Henry Ford placed blame for the start of World War One squarely on Jewish finance. "I know who caused the war: German-Jewish bankers," declared Ford in 1915. In his 1920 tract series, articles such as "Jewish Power and America's Money Famine" attributed the economic misfortunes of average Americans, such as farmers, to alleged Jewish control of gold supplies. Henry Ford paid for The International Jew to be translated into German and distributed in mass quantities in Germany. In post-WW2 testimony at the Nuremberg War Crime Tribunals, it emerged that Ford's anti-Jewish tract had deeply influenced leading Nazis such as Hitler Youth leader Baldur von Schirach. The extended quote above, by Henry Ford, was originally published in Ford's tract series The International Jew. As may be the case with some contemporary Christian Zionists, Ford did not believe himself to be an anti-Semite. For years the automaker annually gave a new Model T Ford to Rabbi Leo M. Franklin, who lived in Ford's former Detroit neighborhood.
After Ford began publishing his series The International Jew, Franklin began to refuse Ford's annual Model T gifts. When Ford questioned the rabbi about it, Franklin replied, "you're attacking Jews. I can't accept anything from you." Ford replied, "No, I'm not attacking Jews, I'm attacking bad Jews. I would think you'd be supportive of that."
Rabbi Franklin went on to become a co-founder of the Anti-Defamation League.
Tagged Adolf Hitler, Anti Choice Lunatics, Armageddon, Christian Sociopaths, Christian Zionism, Denial, End Times, Federal Reserve, Henry Ford, Hitler, Holocaust, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Jews, John Hagee, John Hagee Ministries, Nazism, Neo-Nazi, pastor Hagee, Revisionist, warLeave a comment
In Europe, anti-Semitism and Islamophobia go hand in hand
March 10, 2015 by The Age of Blasphemy, posted in anti-liberal, Anti-Semitism, Anti-Semitism in Europe, Central Intelligence Agency's, CIA, Geert Wilders, Holocaust, Islamophobia, Palestinians, PEGIDA, Robert Spencer, socioeconomic
Both scourges are projections of the illiberal mind
by Paul Hockenos
Paris — The spate of anti-Semitic violence in Europe might appear to justify Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's call for European Jews to move to Israel where, he claims, Jews can be safe.
"Of course, Jews deserve protection in every country," Netanyahu said on Feb. 15, "but we say to Jews, to our brothers and sisters, 'Israel is your home.' We are preparing and calling for the absorption of mass immigration from Europe."
Europe's Jewry should nevertheless reject Netanyahu's call. It's a populist ploy ahead of Israel's March 17 election. Jewish citizens in Europe should instead be active participants in the societies in which they live, continuing to promote democracy, civil liberties and tolerance of diversity as they have done energetically in the past, to Europe's enormous benefit.
Nowhere, even in long-established democracies such as France, can the liberal order be taken for granted. Every generation has to fight anew to maintain (or even, in a best case scenario, improve on) the quality of democracy as its circumstances change. Anti-Semitism is one challenge to this struggle, Islamophobia another. The two illiberal ideologies and their implications for open societies are more closely linked than they appear.
Anti-Semitism in Europe
Anti-Semitism is on the rise across Europe, propelled by familiar and new antagonists. The Jan. 9 shooting of four Jewish shoppers at a kosher supermarket in Paris followed a string of lethal assaults on Jews across the continent in 2014. Last month an attack on a synagogue in Copenhagen, Denmark, left one man dead and two police officers wounded. The incident forced Jewish schools in Belgium and France to close temporarily. Last year the Jewish Museum in Brussels was bombed. At least eight synagogues were attacked in Europe in July 2014. In Germany, Jewish men wearing the skullcap, or kippa, were harassed, cursed and beaten up on the street.
A 2012 European Union survey of 6,000 Jews in eight European nations, which together account for 90 percent of Europe's Jewish population, found that 66 percent believed anti-Semitism was on the rise in Europe; 76 percent said anti-Jewish sentiment increased in their country since 2007. In a survey a year later, almost half of the respondents said they were concerned about being verbally insulted or attacked in public. Seventy years after Auschwitz's liberation, which is being commemorated across Europe, Jewish graves have been desecrated, and Jewish citizens are uncomfortable in certain neighborhoods, particularly those with high proportions of Muslims.
Anti-Semitism is not a new phenomenon in postwar Europe. But its usual standard bearers were Europe's far-right groups. Far-right and populist groups still propagate hatred toward Jews, although in its more muted form than in recent decades. (There's an anti-Semitic stripe in the far left as well, closely linked with anti-Americanism and sympathy for the Palestinian quest for statehood.) Parties such as the National Front in France, Austria's Freedom Party and Belgium's Vlaams Bok have long traded in anti-Semitism. Opinion polls show residual anti-Semitism in most European populations, which is largely understood as a reaction to globalization, modernity and urban values. In Central and Eastern Europe, where there was no postwar reconciliation, anti-Semitism burns hotter as part and parcel of old-school volkish nationalism.
Muslim leaders have to fight anti-Jewish mindsets as actively as Europe's Jews must help dispel the falsehoods fueling the anti-Islam discourse.
But the far-right anti-Semites now have a more opportune target: Islam. The same tools and tropes that were once used to create fear of and resentment toward Jews have been turned against Muslims. They claim that Muslims are swamping their countries and diluting their national cultures — claims once made against Jews. Whereas Jews were claimed to partake in blood rituals, Islam is cast as an inherently violent religion and all Muslims as threats to European security and identity.
Germany's PEGIDA movement, which took to the streets in Dresden and elsewhere in Germany in late 2014 and early 2015, offers a perfect example. While PEGIDA's foremost target was the Muslim community, its closeness to neo-Nazi groups and anti-Israel currents was manifest. One man with an Israeli flag was chased from a PEGIDA demonstration, and marchers carried posters reading "Just say no to Israel" and "Let Germany finally be Germany," the latter a resentful reference to Germany's war guilt and coming to grips with the Holocaust. Just as contemporary anti-Semitism is often strongest in places with no Jews, PEGIDA support was the highest in Dresden, a city with a population less than 0.5 percent Muslim. In other words, as with anti-Semitism, Islamophobia is highly irrational.
Muslim anti-Semitism
The chief perpetrators of anti-Semitic violence and terrorist attacks, however, are not the far right ideologues but radicalized elements in Europe's Muslim community. It goes without saying that not all Muslims are anti-Semitic. (Collective guilt is almost always wrong-headed.) But polls show that anti-Semitism is strikingly high among European Muslims, particularly younger Muslim men and women.
A recent French survey found that 74 percent of French Muslims said they believe Jews have too much influence over the nation's economy. (The figure among non-Muslim French was 25 percent.) Seventy percent of French Muslims said that Jews control the country's media. A 2013 study by the EU found that Jews in Europe felt most threatened by Muslims in their societies. Günther Jikeli in his new book, "European Muslim Antisemitism," corroborates these findings and argues that anti-Semitism is pervasive in the beliefs of young European Muslims.
The reasons for the new anti-Semitism are part socioeconomic, part political. So far, the young Muslims involved in the recent attacks against Jews have almost always been the kind of poor, disenfranchised young men whose circumstances breed resentment and anger. In Islam they find a home and identity. The politics of Israel in the Middle East have thrown fuel on the fire consistently over the last two decades; the ongoing violence against the Palestinians in Gaza is only the most recent agony. The emergence of the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant has facilitated the mix of a toxic cocktail that targets Jews across Europe.
But Jews are not necessarily safer in Israel than they are on the streets of Paris or Berlin. Europe is facing an enormous challenge in reacting to this new element in its midst and defeating it without encouraging more converts to radical Islam. We saw this happen in the aftermath of United States' wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, in response to the Guantánamo Bay detention facility, the Abu Ghraib prison scandal, the Central Intelligence Agency's black sites and the drone strikes in Pakistan, Yemen and Somalia.
On Feb. 14, the European Jewish Congress called for enhancing existing anti-racism legislation, which is enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights. It envisions prohibiting the wearing of the full-face veil everywhere in Europe, punishing denial of the Holocaust and hate speech and outlawing praise for a terrorist act. But the proposal is not constructive in the long run. Such measures cast suspicion on all Muslims and would work to alienate rather than integrate.
European countries must devise a way to make Muslims feel part of their societies. Here in Paris it is stunning to experience firsthand how abruptly the City of Light ends at the banlieues, the tenement housing on Paris' periphery where much of the migrant population lives. Here one leaves the urban wonderland of museums, fine restaurants, graceful apartment buildings and good jobs and enters the underworld of poverty, marginalization, unemployment and ugliness.
There are many ways that French and other European societies can reach out to their Muslim neighbors. This could mean interfaith dialogue, common civic initiatives, integrated schooling and more inclusive governance structures. Projects such as Germany's Schule Ohne Rassismus, a nonprofit that fights racial bias against Jews, Muslims and others in secondary schools across the country should be replicated elsewhere in Europe. Ultimately, all Europeans, including Muslim communities, must insist on more democracy, civic culture and tolerance. Muslim leaders have to fight anti-Jewish mindsets as actively as Europe's Jews must help dispel the falsehoods fueling the anti-Islam discourse. This is the way to beat the twin menaces of anti-Semitism and Islamophobia.
Paul Hockenos is a journalist living in Berlin. He has covered the transformations of the EU for over 25 years.
The views expressed in this article are the author's own and do not necessarily reflect Al Jazeera America's editorial policy.
Tagged anti-liberal, Anti-Semitism, Anti-Semitism in Europe, Associated Press, Central Intelligence Agency's, CIA, Europe, European Jews, European nations, Geert Wilders, Germany, Holocaust, Islamophobia, Israel, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Palestinians, PEGIDA, Robert Spencer, socioeconomicLeave a comment