text:
Zoot Suit Riot
Cherry Poppin' Daddies
Produced by Steve Perry (Cherry Poppin' Daddies)
Album Zoot Suit Riot: The Swingin' Hits of the Cherry Poppin' Daddies
Zoot Suit Riot Lyrics
Who's that whisperin' in the trees?
It's two sailors and they're on leave
Pipes and chains and swingin' hands
Who's your daddy? Yes I am
Fat cat came to play
Now you can't run fast enough
You'd best stay away
When the pushers come to shove
Zoot suit riot (Riot!)
Throw back a bottle of beer
Pull a comb through your coal black hair
Blow daddy!
A whipped up jitterbuggin' brown eyed man
A stray cat frontin' up an eight-piece band
Cut me Sammy and you'll understand
In my veins hot music ran
You got me in a sway
And I want to swing you dove
Now you sailors know
Where your women come for love
You're in a Zoot suit riot
[Scat breakdown]
Oh you got me in a sway
(I think I'm about ready to sing it)
About "Zoot Suit Riot"
"Zoot Suit Riot" is about the historical event of the same name, which was actually a series of riots and disturbances that took place June 1943. The violence started with American sailors attacking local pachucos – members of a formerly popular California Chicano subculture who were into swing music and wore "Zoot Suits." – after false allegations of sexual abuse against white women surfaced. These allegations led to the murder of Jose Diaz in 1942, a case referred to as the Sleepy Lagoon murder case, which in turn sparked the violent riots.
"Zoot Suit Riot" is considered one of the most notable songs from the 90s Swing Revival, and is the song for which Cherry Poppin' Daddies are most remembered. It remains their only hit, reaching the top 40 on three US charts in early 1998.
What have the artists said about the song?
In an interview with Songfacts.com, Cherry Poppin' Daddies lead singer and songwriter Steve Perry explains the origin of the song:
I wrote it inspired by the Zoot Suit Riots. I guess it seemed like a Pachuco rallying cry that could double as a dance anthem for those of us interested in swing music and culture at a time when nobody else was. It was an expression of a proud marginalism. That's not that deep, but there you go.
Perry also told Songfacts the success of this song was:
… a blessing. I didn't have to go to get a box of food at the church poverty outreach anymore. No more blocks of government cheese.
"Zoot Suit Riot" Track Info
Written By Steve Perry (Cherry Poppin' Daddies)
Interpolated By
Grapefruit Diet by "Weird Al" Yankovic
Zoot Suit Riot: The Swingin' Hits of the Cherry Poppin' Daddies Cherry Poppin' Daddies
1. Zoot Suit Riot
2. Ding Dong Daddy Of The D-Car Line
3. When I Change Your Mind
4. Here Comes The Snake
5. Mister White Keys
6. Come Back To Me
7. Brown Derby Jump
8. Dr. Bones
9. Pink Elephant
10. Master and Slave
11. Drunk Daddy
12. No Mercy For Swine
13. Cherry Poppin' Daddy Strut
14. Shake Your Lovemaker


A blighted Baltimore is a bleeding Baltimore.
Fight Blight Bmore is a campaign of people working together to cultivate safe, green, economically vibrant communities in Baltimore.
Find out about our organization, mission, the Fight Blight App, and our continued progress for change.
Photography & video provided by Nellware and by Fluffy Pop Postcards.


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Fashionista Editors Share Their Favorite Purchases of 2013 and New Year's Style Resolutions
We bought everything from Chloé boots to a One Direction-approved sweatshirt this year. Also, in the 12 months to come, we vow to curb our fast-fashion addiction and maybe do our laundry more than once every two and a half months. Onward and upward!
Alyssa Vingan Klein
A new year always signals a fresh start, whether it's something as monumental as a career change, or a relatively minor makeover, like trying out a new beauty look or cleaning out your closet.
At Fashionista, we are proponents of all types of resolutions, but that doesn't mean we're planning to leave all of our favorite things from 2013 in the past. Here, our editors share their most beloved purchases of the year that will likely continue to get a lot of play in their 2014 wardrobes, as well as their style resolutions for the year ahead. Here's to old favorites and new beginnings!
Stephanie Trong:
Favorite fashion purchase of 2013: I'd have to say my gold rectangular nameplate necklace by West Avenue. I know these are supposedly a little passé, but I love personal jewelry and this one is really subtle. Haven't taken it off since I got it last summer.
Style Resolution for 2014: First of all, can I just say that I'm really proud of myself for sticking to my 2013 goal of only shopping for my lifestyle? That meant no more vertiginous high heels or fancy dresses, but rather an investment in comfortable basics, like well-made sweaters, perfect tees, great coats and flattering pants. God, I sound boring. Anyway, this year I'm vowing not to duplicate items I already own just because they're "a little bit different." Like, no more black ankle boots, even if the hardware is gold and not silver and it has a true block heel instead of a cuban...and on.
Dhani Mau:
Favorite fashion purchase of 2013: The Rag & Bone High Rise Skinny Jean in Coal. I spent more on these than I'm usually comfortable with spending on jeans, but it was completely worth it. It's difficult to not wear these every single day. They're comfortable, flattering, fit perfectly and feel like they'll last forever.
Style Resolution for 2014: Buy less clothes that are of better quality. Also, stop buying black clothes because they just get covered in cat hair and it's not worth it.
Alyssa Vingan:
Favorite fashion purchase of 2013: Chloé introduced a version of its famous Susanna boots with silver hardware this spring, so, after years of admiring them from afar, I finally took the plunge and got a black pair. I don't think that I'm exaggerating when I say that I've worn them at least four days a week since then -- yes, even throughout the summer. I also bought a mini Reece Hudson bag in a great acid green color that has turned out to be surprisingly neutral.
Style Resolution for 2014: First, I am going to go on a fast fashion, well, fast. No longer will I waste money on low-quality, über-trendy pieces that I'll probably wear just once. I also want to make an effort to dress up more. Working behind a computer for most of the day, it's easy to fall into a pattern of skinny jeans and a fashion sweatshirt, but I resolve to take more time and to get creative each morning when I'm putting an outfit together.
Nora Crotty:
Favorite fashion purchase of 2013: Tied-up blouses and full midi skirts. I'm forever striving to look like Gwyneth in The Talented Mr. Ripley. I LIVED in various iterations of this outfit all summer, and fully intend to for years to come. It's super flattering on an hourglass frame, which -- after years of hiding under maternity-looking sacks -- I'm more than happy to flaunt.
Also, this dress. I get compliments every time I wear it without fail, and it looks great with zero accessories. Helena Christensen actually told me she was going to buy it after she saw me wearing it, so yes, it's one of my best purchases this year -- and maybe of all time.
Style Resolution for 2014: I'd love to have more foresight when it comes to buying things. I feel like I'm constantly purchasing clothes, wearing them out (literally) for maybe three weeks, and then replacing them and starting the cycle all over again. Also, on a semi-related note, I should probably start doing my laundry more than once every two and a half months.
Tyler McCall
Favorite fashion purchase of 2013:: My Two Angle sweatshirt, seen here. OK, so I bought it because I saw One Direction member Niall Horan wearing it -- who cares? It's seriously the item in my closet that gets the most compliments. People have even stopped me on the street to ask where I got it. Bonus? It's warm and cozy, which means I wear it pretty much non-stop when weather permits.
Style Resolution for 2014: I want to broaden the scope of the places I shop! Right now, I always stick to the same four or five stores (mainly because I have brand credit cards, which, as another resolution, MUST BE CLOSED), but it's put me in a style rut. I'm hoping this is the year that I discover new boutiques and brands.
Follow alyssavingan
'Fashionista' Editors Share Their New Year's Style Resolutions
New year, new us? Maybe?
By Fashionista Jan 4, 2016
Fashionista Editors Share Their New Year's Style Resolutions
We're going to look goooood in 2015 .
By Dhani Mau Dec 31, 2014
'Fashionista' Editors Share Their Favorite Mascaras
Our team weighs in.
By Chantal Fernandez May 14, 2015
Fashionista Editors Share Their Smartest, Longest-Lasting Purchases
Slow fashion in true form.
By Fashionista Apr 24, 2017

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The April issue of The Real Deal is here! In this month's edition, we take a look at which developers are in good graces with City Hall, and how they reached that point. We've profiled Brown Harris Stevens broker Kyle Blackmon, the 34-year-old broker who is referred to as the Southern gentleman behind Manhattan's priciest ever apartment sale that closed earlier this year. He now has a $77 million listing. We also have a story on the three co-founders of the Carlyle Group, who received $413 million in compensation last year as their company profits rose. They have $2.3 billion in their sixth real estate fund, a planned IPO in the works and a large New York City presence. In "Sue thy neighbor," we report the increase in number of disputes between neighbors in New York City buildings. Both co-op and condominium boards are turning to attorneys with greater frequency. In this month's Closing feature, we talk to Stuart Saft, a partner at law firm Dewey & LeBoeuf and chair of the firm's global real estate department, about reports of financial and personnel trouble at his firm. Click here for the full issue.


text:
Q: IFileStore mkdir I use make directory in

IFileStore targetfileParent =
  targetfileLocation.getParent().mkdir(EFS.SHALLOW, new
  SubProgressMonitor(monitor, 0));

But I test it with

if(!targetfileLocation.getParent().fetchInfo().exists()){ }

It returns true that means it cannot found the parent folder, which created by targetfileLocation.getParent().mkdir. Whereas, i could find the folder is successfully created during debugging.
void processContainer(IContainer container,IProject targetProject,IProgressMonitor monitor)     {
       try {
           IResource[] members = container.members();
           for (IResource member : members)
           {
              if (member instanceof IContainer)
              {
                  processContainer((IContainer)member,targetProject,monitor);
              }
              else if (member instanceof IFile)
              {
                  IFile memberfile = (IFile)member;

                  IPath relativefilePath = memberfile.getProjectRelativePath();
                  String fileName = relativefilePath.toOSString();
                  if(fileName.endsWith(".java.color")||fileName.endsWith(".color")){
                        continue;
                  }

                  IResource resouce  = targetProject.findMember(relativefilePath);
                  if(resouce==null){
                      IFile targetfile = targetProject.getFile(relativefilePath);

                      IFileStore sourcefileLocation = EFS.getLocalFileSystem().getStore(memberfile.getFullPath());

                      if(memberfile.exists()){
                          if(!targetfile.exists()){
                              IFileStore targetfileLocation = EFS.getLocalFileSystem().getStore(workspaceRoot.append(targetProject.getFullPath()).append(relativefilePath));
                              if(!targetfileLocation.getParent().fetchInfo().exists()){
                                  IFileStore targetfileParent = targetfileLocation.getParent().mkdir(EFS.SHALLOW, new SubProgressMonitor(monitor, 0));
                                  if(!targetfileLocation.getParent().fetchInfo().exists()){
                                      System.out.println("Not exist");
                                  }

                              }
                              System.out.println("Copy to distance:"+targetProject.getFullPath().append(relativefilePath).toOSString());
                              memberfile.copy(targetProject.getFullPath().append(relativefilePath), EFS.SHALLOW, new SubProgressMonitor(monitor, 0));
                          }
                      }

                 }
              }
           }        } catch (CoreException e) {             // TODO Auto-generated catch block          e.printStackTrace();        }

            }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Albanian parliament, in today's meeting, Thursday 26 September, decided by vote the election of the president of the Human Rights Union Party, Vaggelis Dule (Vangjel Dule) to the office of the Vice-President of the Albanian Parliament.
A number of 104 representatives voted in favor of Dule's candidacy, four opposed and six abstained.
Vangjel Dule was proposed for this office by the Parliamentary Group of the ruling Socialist Party.


text:
Adama Traore: French government scrambles to respond to police racism charges after George Floyd's death
At least 23,000 people protested in cities around France on Saturday against racial injustice and police brutality
France's government is scrambling to address growing concerns about police violence and racism within the police force (Photo: GEOFFROY VAN DER HASSELT/AFP/Getty)
By i Team
Since the wave of protests triggered by the brutal killing of George Floyd reached France, protesters have been chanting another name too: Adama Traore.
"They died in exactly the same way," said his sister Assa Traore. "Adama carried the weight of three officers on his body."
Adama Traore was celebrating his 24th birthday on 19 July, 2016, when three police officers restrained him using the weight of their bodies. By the time he was delivered to a police station, he was unconscious and could not be revived.
Like Floyd, Traore was black, and his death triggered huge protests in France, where the police's record of brutality and racism remains unaddressed.
Police 'held to account' calls
French President Emmanuel Macron has stayed unusually silent so far both about Floyd's death and what's happening in France (Photo: GEOFFROY VAN DER HASSELT/AFP/Getty)
For four years, his family have demanded that French police be held to account for the death of her brother in police custody. No one has been prosecuted. Medical experts are unable to agree on whether the way he was restrained killed him, or an underlying medical condition. Attention to the death had faded.
France's government is scrambling to address growing concerns about police violence and racism within the police force, as protests sparked by George Floyd's death in the US stir up anger around the world.
The country's top security official, Interior Minister Christophe Castaner, was holding a news conference on Monday after Floyd-related demonstrations in cities around France. Castaner promised last week to be "unforgiving" with violations by police, but pressure is growing on the government to act.
French President Emmanuel Macron has stayed unusually silent so far both about Floyd's death and what's happening in France. Macron's office says he spoke to the prime minister and other top officials over the weekend, and asked Castaner to "accelerate" plans to improve police ethics that were initially promised in January.
Black Lives Matter protests: K-pop fans join forces to drown out racist #WhiteLiveMatter hashtags
Last week, the Paris prosecutor's office opened a preliminary investigation into racist insults and instigating racial hatred based on comments allegedly published by police in a private Facebook group.
Website Streetpress published a string of offensive messages that it said were published within the group, though acknowledged that it is unclear whether the authors were actual police officers or people pretending to be police. Some of the reported comments mocked young men of color who have died fleeing police.
Investigations over racist comments
At least 23,000 people protested in cities around France on Saturday against racial injustice (Photo: ANNE-CHRISTINE POUJOULAT/AFP/Getty)
Separately, six police officers in the Normandy city of Rouen are under internal investigation over racist comments in a private WhatsApp group. Both incidents have prompted public concerns about extreme views among French police.
French activists say tensions in low-income neighborhoods with large minority populations, which surround many of the country's big cities, grew worse amid coronavirus confinement measures, because they further empowered the police.
At least 23,000 people protested in cities around France on Saturday against racial injustice and police brutality, even defying a police ban on such protests in Paris due to fears about spreading coronavirus.
Activists marched on Monday in the western city of Nantes, and more demonstrations are planned in France on Tuesday, when Floyd is being buried.
Extra reporting from AP and Reuters.
Boris Johnson tells defiant headteachers they must not require children to wear masks in class
All UK universities to carry standard rating to stop poor-quality courses ripping off students


text:
October 7, 2014 Mastodon Respond to Twerk Controversy with T-Shirt
October 20, 2014 Heavy Metal Launches Comics Line with "Hoax Hunters" Season 2
October 13, 2014 Short Story: "The Scythe" by Matthew Farrell
October 7, 2014 • Featured, News
Mastodon Respond to Twerk Controversy with T-Shirt
Metal Insider is your source for breaking metal music news, reviews, analysis and gossip.
Mastodon's video for "The Motherload" that debuted earlier this week did everything it was supposed to do. It was, first of all, an interesting video for the song that was shot amazingly well. It was also provocative – maybe too provocative, due to the fact that there were a number of dancers in it that twerked. Some called it misogynistic. Others, including drummer Brann Dailor and a dancer in the video, defended it, saying that it was not just a parody of '90s alternative or R&B videos, but an homage to the Atlanta bounce scene (which is what twerking was called B.M., or Before Miley). Now Mastodon appear to be addressing the controversy by coming out with a limited edition Halloween shirt.
The shirt, which we saw on guitar tech (and Troy Sanders' brother) Darren Sanders' Facebook page, features a twerking witch riding a broom with a strategically-place pumpkin with the caption"Happy Halloween Haters." While the shirt isn't available online yet, Sanders says in the comments thread that the shirt will be "hittin' the streets soon." In the meantime, you can still pick up a pair of Asstodon shorts.
Twerk Shirt
Heavy Metal Launches Comics Line with "Hoax Hunters" Season 2
October 20, 2014 • Comics, Featured, Heavy Metal News, Top News
Although comics have long been a part of "Heavy Metal" magazine's DNA, the company never published standalone comic books. However, that changes this winter when one-time Image Comics title "Hoax Hunters" becomes the first series released by the reorganized
Short Story: "The Scythe" by Matthew Farrell
October 13, 2014 • Featured, Short Stories
There was something peculiar about the way the man in the mask was looking at her. The fact that he was wearing a mask was okay. It was Halloween, and everyone in town had put on a costume for the big parade in the early evening and trick-or-treating later on. Some of the adults who …
Here's one more look at Heavy Metal 293 (the Beyond The Darkness Special) — gruesome and glorious images from Flavio Greco Paglia, who is featured in a gallery inside the mag and whose art was also chosen as Cover A. Argentina-based Paglia works as a concept artist and animator, but
Heavy Metal issue 294, the Industrial Special, is complete. We have built the hulking device that will solve your concrete problems while ignoring your spiritual anxiety. Where will technology take us? What good are all these machines? Who's a robot, and who isn't? Wait… Am I a
Iron Maiden: Legacy of the Beast vol 2: Night City Is In The Shop!
May 3, 2019 • Featured, Heavy Metal Comics, Music, Top News
Hey Eddie fans, here's the deal — Iron Maiden: Legacy of the Beast is back! That's good news, because we left you hanging last time. We'll run through the action here, but you're far better off getting the trade paperback now available in the Heavy Metal Shop. Eddie,
Heavy Metal Magazine 293 Preview: Beyond The Darkness Special!
April 19, 2019 • Comics, Featured, Music, Previews, Top News
If you're a Heavy Metal magazine reader, you have a taste for the darkness — the best stories never have happy endings, and that's ok. In this issue, we're plunging into the darkness once again, plunging far into and through it — we're going beyond the darkness.
It is the year 2018. All the Replicant Incept Dates have passed. The actual year 2001 wasn't full of stars like the movie version. We maniacs left no statuary sunk on a sandy beach after blowing it up. There was no Great Quake of '97. Scramble Suits and SQUID discs never became a thing.
Dig the Covers of "Iron Maiden: Legacy of the Beast" #3, Out Today!
February 28, 2018 • Featured, Heavy Metal Comics, Top News
Attention Iron Maiden fans and comics connoisseurs: Eddie's third chapter is here! Iron Maiden: Legacy of the Beast #3 hits shelves in comics shops today. It's also available in the Comics section of the Heavy Metal online store. Here's the gist of it: After dark forces conspired
The "Heroin Diaries" Team on Making Nikki Sixx's Memoir a Graphic Novel
October 25, 2017 • Articles, Featured, Heavy Metal Comics, Music, News, Top News
The Heroin Diaries graphic novel, a collaboration that Nikki Sixx and Heavy Metal, presents Sixx's 2007 memoir The Heroin Diaries from a different angle and gives both insight and understanding to the deadly trap and temptation of addiction adapted by Rantz Hoseley and illustrated by Danijel
Preview Gallery: Heavy Metal's 40th Anniversary Art Show
July 12, 2017 • Articles, Artwork, Featured, Heavy Metal News, News, Popular, Top News


text:
As Filipinas participaram dos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno da Juventude de 2012, realizados em Innsbruck, na Áustria. A delegação nacional contou com um total de dois atletas, que disputaram provas do esqui alpino e patinação artística.

Esqui alpino

Masculino

Patinação artística

Masculino

Veja também
Filipinas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2012

Ligações externas
 Atletas por país nos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno da Juventude

Filipinas
Filipinas nos Jogos Olímpicos
Desporto nas Filipinas em 2012

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Justia Dockets & Filings Ninth Circuit Alaska District Court Miller v. Lieutenant Governor Craig Campbell et al Filing 17
Miller v. Lieutenant Governor Craig Campbell et al
MOTION to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction (On Shortened Time) by Lieutenant Governor Craig Campbell, State of Alaska, Division of Elections. (Attachments: # 1 Proposed Order)(Paton-Walsh, Margaret)
Miller v. Lieutenant Governor Craig Campbell et al Doc. 17 Case 3:10-cv-00252-RRB Document 17 Filed 11/10/10 Page 1 of 16 Margaret Paton-Walsh State of Alaska, Department of Law 1031 W. 4th Avenue, Suite 200 Anchorage, AK 99501 Telephone (907)269-6612 Facsimile (907)258-4978 Margaret.paton-walsh@alaska.gov Attorney for Lieutenant Governor Craig Campbell and the State of Alaska, Division of Elections IN THE UNITED STATE DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF ALASKA JOE MILLER, Plaintiff, v. LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR CRAIG CAMPBELL, in his official capacity; and the STATE OF ALASKA, DIVISION OF ELECTIONS, Defendants. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Case No. 3:10-cv-00252 RRB MOTION TO DISMISS FOR LACK OF FEDERAL QUESTION JURISDICTION, OR IN THE ALTERNATIVE TO ABSTAIN Defendants, Lieutenant Governor Craig Campbell and the State of Alaska, Division of Elections move to dismiss this case under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(1) for lack of federal-question jurisdiction, or in the alternative for an order abstaining under the Pullman doctrine. The plaintiff in this case has attempted to dress his state-law claims in federal-question clothing, in order to go forum-shopping. This Court should decline to Dockets.Justia.com Case 3:10-cv-00252-RRB Document 17 Filed 11/10/10 Page 2 of 16 assert jurisdiction over a case that raises only state-law claims. The Alaska Court System is the proper forum for this case. The Alaska Supreme Court is very familiar with the state's election laws--issuing an election law decision as recently as two weeks ago-- and is the appropriate court to interpret Alaska's election statutes. Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction that possess only that power authorized by the Constitution and by statute. Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of Am., 511 U.S. 375, 377 (1994). Subject matter jurisdiction cannot be waived and a federal court is under a continuing duty to dismiss an action whenever it appears the court lacks jurisdiction. Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(h)(3); see also Snell v. Cleveland, Inc., 316 F.3d 822, 826 (9th Cir. 2002). Federal Rule 12(b)(1) authorizes a party to seek dismissal of an action for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. When a defendant moves to dismiss an action for lack of subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to Rule 12(b)(1), the plaintiff bears the burden of proof on the necessary jurisdictional facts because the plaintiff is the party invoking the court's jurisdiction. See Kokkonen v. Guardian Life, 511 U.S. at 377; In re Ford Motor Co./ Citibank (South Dakota), N.A., 264 F.3d 952, 957 (9th Cir. 2001). The plaintiff in this case asserts federal court jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C.A. � 1331, which provides that "[t]he district courts shall have original jurisdiction of all civil actions arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States." He has failed to assert any claims that arise under federal law, however. Joe Miller v. Craig Campbell, SOA Div of Elections 3:10-cv-000252-RRB Page 2 Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Federal Question Jurisdiction Case 3:10-cv-00252-RRB Document 17 Filed 11/10/10 Page 3 of 16 I. THE PLAINTIFF HAS FAILED TO ALLEGE A VIOLATION OF THE ELECTIONS CLAUSE OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION. The plaintiff first asserts that this court has federal-question jurisdiction because he states a claim under the Elections Clause of the U.S. Constitution, Article I, � 4, Cl. 1. See Complaint, par. 4. The Elections Clause provides that "(t)he Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof." The plaintiff alleges that because this provision grants authority to the state legislature, "[d]efendants' attempt to effectively nullify various provisions of Alaska Stat. � 15.15.360 by establishing their own standards for counting write-in ballots therefore is unconstitutional." Id., par. 20. The Division does not dispute that the Alaska Legislature has the power to prescribe "[t]he Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators" in accordance with the Elections Clause. The Division has never claimed that it has the power to ignore, override, or alter the statutes the Alaska Legislature has enacted regarding elections. In counting ballots in this election, the Division is proceeding under those statutes, and has interpreted those statutes where necessary. The Division believes that its interpretations of those statutes are valid and legally supported. The Alaska State Legislature has followed the mandate of the federal constitution by enacting laws that prescribe the "Times, Places, and Manner of holding Elections. . . ." Article I, � 4, Cl. 1. One of these laws delegates authority to the Director of Elections to "provide general administrative supervision over the conduct of state Joe Miller v. Craig Campbell, SOA Div of Elections 3:10-cv-000252-RRB Page 3 Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Federal Question Jurisdiction Case 3:10-cv-00252-RRB Document 17 Filed 11/10/10 Page 4 of 16 elections." Alaska Stat. � 15.15.010. If, assuming for the sake of argument, the Director misinterprets a state statute in exercising this authority, then that would violate state law. But a state official's misinterpretation of a state statute cannot be bootstrapped into a violation of the constitutional provision that granted the legislature authority to enact the law, in order to create federal-question jurisdiction. The question of whether the actions of state officials are consistent with the duly-enacted state statutes governing elections is not of central concern to the Elections Clause. The Elections Clause does not transform every claim that a state agency has misinterpreted a state election statute into a federal constitutional claim. If it did, every state election law dispute would implicate the U.S. Constitution, and the federal courts would find themselves the primary arbiters of state election law, despite the Constitution's clear delegation of authority to the states in that arena. The plaintiff presumably has fashioned this argument as an analogy to the discussion of three Supreme Court justices about the actions of the Florida Supreme Court in Bush v. Gore, 531 US 98, 111 (2000) (Rehnquist, C.J., concurring.). Chief Justice Rehnquist, joined by two other justices, stated that the Florida Supreme Court's decision to change the statutory requirements of how Presidential electors are appointed violated Article II, � 1, Cl. 2 of the U.S. Constitution, a provision that gives the legislature exclusive authority to direct how the state appoints electors. Id. at 112 � 113. Had a majority of the Court accepted this analysis, it would have been an additional ground to reverse the Florida Supreme Court in that case. Id. at 111. Joe Miller v. Craig Campbell, SOA Div of Elections 3:10-cv-000252-RRB Page 4 Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Federal Question Jurisdiction Case 3:10-cv-00252-RRB Document 17 Filed 11/10/10 Page 5 of 16 The analogy does not extend to this case, however, to create federalquestion jurisdiction. The plaintiff here argues--incorrectly--that the Division of Elections has failed to properly follow the legislature's statutes; he does not allege that the Division has changed a state law. And that would not be possible. While state officials would be required to follow the orders of their state Supreme Court regardless of how the officials might interpret the governing statutes themselves, state officials have no authority under state law to proceed without a court order in a manner contrary to a state statute. If they did, they arguably would violate--but not change--state law, and a citizen harmed by their actions would have a state-law claim and a remedy in state court. This is different than the situation posed by the Florida Supreme Court in Bush v. Gore, as a citizen harmed by a decision of the state supreme court that impermissibly changes the mandate of the legislature obviously has no state law remedy in state court. But it is only after a state supreme court has finally determined the requirements of the state statute that a federal question arises as to whether that judicial interpretation infringes on the legislature's authority and therefore violates the Elections Clause. For this reason, the plaintiff's Elections Clause claim does not "arise under" federal law. See Article III, � 2. The federal law that plaintiff invokes for federalquestion jurisdiction is not sufficiently central to the dispute to support such jurisdiction. The plaintiff's complaint that the Division's counting methods violate a state statute arises under state law, and its resolution will turn exclusively on questions of state law. Federal question jurisdiction in this case would threaten the legitimate interest of the state Joe Miller v. Craig Campbell, SOA Div of Elections 3:10-cv-000252-RRB Page 5 Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Federal Question Jurisdiction Case 3:10-cv-00252-RRB Document 17 Filed 11/10/10 Page 6 of 16 in having state courts interpret state law, and could deprive the state courts of their authority to shape state law. II. THE PLAINTIFF HAS FAILED TO ALLEGE A VIOLATION OF EQUAL PROTECTION. The plaintiff also asserts federal-question jurisdiction by virtue of an Equal Protection claim. See Complaint, par. 4. The plaintiff fails to allege facts sufficient to support such a claim, however. The plaintiff invokes the analysis of the Supreme Court in Bush v. Gore, 531 U.S. 98, in which the Court held that Florida election officials violated equal protection by counting ballots without specific standards to assure that a voter's intent was judged consistently from one ballot to the next. The violation occurred because, when recount teams examined ballots cast by punchcard balloting machines that produced incompletely punched ballots, the standards they applied to accept or reject contested ballots varied "not only from county to county but indeed within a single county from one recount team to another." Id. at 106. The Court found that "one source of [the] fundamental nature [of the right to vote] lies in the equal weight accorded to each vote and the equal dignity owed to each voter," and held that "[h]aving once granted the right to vote on equal terms, the State may not, by later arbitrary and disparate treatment, value one person's vote over that of another." Id. at 104-105. Thus, the Bush v. Gore equal protection analysis is founded on the fact that Florida's system for counting questionable ballots resulted in inconsistent interpretations of physically identical ballots Joe Miller v. Craig Campbell, SOA Div of Elections 3:10-cv-000252-RRB Page 6 Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Federal Question Jurisdiction Case 3:10-cv-00252-RRB Document 17 Filed 11/10/10 Page 7 of 16 depending on what county the ballot was cast in or what recount team examined the ballot. But the plaintiff has not alleged facts in this case that support this type of claim. In fact, the Division's process for handling questionable ballots--an explanation of which is attached as Exhibit A to the complaint and serves as the factual basis for the plaintiff's claims--unequivocally demonstrates that the facts of this case do not support an Equal Protection claim. While the complaint asserts that "Defendants and their counting boards apparently will be attempting to divine for themselves the `intent of the voter' based on vague, amorphous, subjective--and unspecified--criteria," see complaint, par. 24, that characterization of the process is incorrect. The plaintiff apparently has failed to read carefully the basis for this characterization, the written description of the process incorporated by reference into the complaint. The written procedures do not give counting teams any discretion to interpret the intent of a voter from a ballot that does not include a properly marked oval and a correctly spelled name. See Complaint, Exh. A, p.1. What the plaintiff refers to as "counting boards" will not actually review ballots to determine whether they will be counted; they will sort them into five box lids. The five categories of sorting are: (1) oval is marked correctly next to a candidate's name that is printed on the ballot; (2) no oval is marked for U.S. Senate, or more than one oval is marked for that race, or a name is written in but the oval is not marked; (3) oval is marked for write-in and the name written in is "Lisa Murkowski" or "Murkowski" and Joe Miller v. Craig Campbell, SOA Div of Elections 3:10-cv-000252-RRB Page 7 Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Federal Question Jurisdiction Case 3:10-cv-00252-RRB Document 17 Filed 11/10/10 Page 8 of 16 spelled correctly and the ballot is not challenged; (4) oval is marked for write-in and the name written appears to be a variation or misspelling of Lisa Murkowski or Murkowski; this category also includes any ballot challenged by an observer in the sorting process; or (5) oval is marked for write-in and the name written in is not "Murkowski", "Lisa Murkowski" or a variation thereof. Id. These are the only judgment calls that the sorters--the Plaintiff's "counting boards"--will make, and these determinations will be based on the clearest of standards and subject to challenge by observers. The Plaintiff's Equal Protection concern--that the sorters will count in an inconsistent manner ballots that misspell "Murkowski"--cannot occur. It will not occur because the sorters do not decide how ballots falling into this category should be counted. See id. Ballots that misspell "Murkowski" and therefore raise a question of whether similar ballots will be counted similarly all will be interpreted by one person, the Director of Elections. The Director will apply the same standards to each ballot and--because one person will make a determination for all ballots--will view all the iterations of voter's expressions of intent consistently.1 Moreover, if the candidates have any concern that This procedure does not create an equal protection problem under Bush v. Gore for another reason as well. Unlike the "hanging chads" created by Florida's voting machines, which led to only several variations of possible problem ballots, Alaska's voters can create a nearly limitless spectrum of variations of write-in votes, based on spelling and penmanship issues. The Supreme Court in Bush v. Gore considered that possibility, acknowledging that "in some cases the general command to ascertain intent is not susceptible to much further refinement." 531 U.S. at 106. Given the myriad ways in which questions about voter intent may arise in different situations, the Court deliberately stopped short of stating that specific guidelines for discerning voter intent must be articulated in every case. Joe Miller v. Craig Campbell, SOA Div of Elections 1 3:10-cv-000252-RRB Page 8 Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Federal Question Jurisdiction Case 3:10-cv-00252-RRB Document 17 Filed 11/10/10 Page 9 of 16 any given decision on her part is inconsistent with an earlier call, they can challenge a particular ballot and then assert a violation of Equal Protection. See Exh. A, p.2 (describing the process for segregating challenged ballots after the Director's determination). The process that the Plaintiff has challenged here therefore does not "value one person's vote over that of another" and does not violate Equal Protection. Because Mr. Miller has not established that his complaint raises any genuine federal question, the division asks this Court to dismiss this suit for lack of jurisdiction pursuant to F.R.C.P. 12(b)(1). III. ALTERNATIVELY, IF THE COURT FINDS THAT IT HAS FEDERALQUESTION JURISDICTION, IT SHOULD ABSTAIN AND PERMIT THE ALASKA STATE COURTS TO INTERPRET STATE LAW. Even if the Court finds that it has jurisdiction to hear this case, it should abstain under Railroad Commission v. Pullman Co., 312 U.S. 496 (1941).2 See, e.g., Burdick v. Takushi, 846 F.2d 587, 588-89 (9th Cir. 1988) (abstaining under the Pullman abstention doctrine from considering the scope of a state's write-in voting law). The Pullman abstention doctrine counsels that federal courts should postpone the exercise of jurisdiction "when a federal constitutional issue . . . might be In Pullman, a federal court was asked to restrain an order of the Texas Railroad Commission regarding the use of attendants in railroad sleeping cars. Pullman, 312 U.S. at 497-98. The lower court issued an injunction, and an appeal to the Supreme Court followed. Id. at 498. The Supreme Court noted that the Supreme Court of Texas would have the last word on whether the Commission had even acted within the scope of authority given to it by the laws of Texas. Id. at 499-500. It saw nothing to preclude an action which could be "brought with reasonable promptness, in the state court." Id. at 502. Thus, the Supreme Court determined that the federal courts should retain the action, but abstain while that state court process went forward. Joe Miller v. Craig Campbell, SOA Div of Elections 2 3:10-cv-000252-RRB Page 9 Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Federal Question Jurisdiction Case 3:10-cv-00252-RRB Document 17 Filed 11/10/10 Page 10 of 16 mooted or presented in a different posture by a state court determination of pertinent state law." C-Y Dev. Co. v. City of Redlands, 703 F.2d 375, 377 (9th Cir. 1983) (quotations omitted); see also Wolfson v. Brammer, 616 F.3d 1045, 1066 (9th Cir. 2010). The doctrine is premised on the well accepted proposition that "the federal courts should not adjudicate the constitutionality of state enactments fairly open to interpretation until the state courts have been afforded a reasonable opportunity to pass on them." Harrison v. NAACP, 360 U.S. 167, 176 (1959). Cf. Arizonans for Official English v. Arizona, 520 U.S. 43, 79 (1997) ("Warnings against premature adjudication of constitutional questions bear heightened attention when a federal court is asked to invalidate a State's law for the federal tribunal risks friction-generating error when it endeavors to construe a novel state Act not yet reviewed by the State's highest court."). Pullman abstention is designed to respect "the rightful independence of the state governments" and to enable "the smooth working of the federal judiciary." Pullman, 312 U.S. at 501. In short, the doctrine exists to avoid collision between federal courts and state legislatures and to prevent premature determination of constitutional issues. See Porter v. Jones, 319 F.3d 483, 492 (9th Cir. 2003); San Remo Hotel v. City & County of San Francisco, 145 F.3d 1095, 1101 (9th Cir. 1998) ("[O]ur precedents require abstention in order to avoid an unnecessary conflict between state law and the federal Constitution."). In applying these principles, the Ninth Circuit has stated that Pullman abstention is appropriate when: "1) the federal plaintiff's complaint requires resolution Joe Miller v. Craig Campbell, SOA Div of Elections 3:10-cv-000252-RRB Page 10 Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Federal Question Jurisdiction Case 3:10-cv-00252-RRB Document 17 Filed 11/10/10 Page 11 of 16 of a sensitive question of federal constitutional law; (2) the constitutional question could be mooted or narrowed by a definitive ruling on the state law issues; and (3) the possibly determinative issue of state law is unclear." San Remo Hotel, 145 F.3d at 1104 (citing Sinclair Oil v. County of Santa Barbara, 96 F.3d 401, 409 (9th Cir. 1996)).3 Because all three factors are present in this case, this Court should abstain under Pullman and require that the plaintiff seek a definitive ruling in the state courts on the election law questions at issue in this litigation before returning to the federal forum. 1. Resolution of Sensitive Questions of Federal Constitutional Law It is undeniable that the complaint alleges two violations based on sensitive questions of federal constitutional law: whether Division's practice violates the Election Clause or equal protection. Resolution of these issues would hinge on this Court's interpretation of state law. If the Alaska Supreme Court were to determine that the Division's interpretation of state election law is incorrect and that the Division must In voting cases, the Ninth Circuit has added a threshold requirement: "before abstaining in voting cases, a district court must independently consider the effect that delay resulting from the abstention order will have on the plaintiff's right to vote. Although we are mindful of the important principles of federalism implicit in the doctrine of abstention, these principles may be outweighed in an individual case by the countervailing interest in ensuring each citizen's federal right to vote." Badham v. U.S. District Court, N.D. California, 721 F.2d 1170, 1173 (9th Cir. 1983). The Division satisfied the threshold requirement because there is no threat that any voter will be disenfranchised by the its vote counting methodology � there is simply no danger that any citizen's vote will be denied under the Division's interpretation of relevant state law. See also Burdick v. Takushi, 846 F.2d 587, 588-89 (9th Cir. 1988) (holding in a suit challenging constitutionality of Hawaii's election laws based on refusal of officials to permit write-in vote, Pullman abstention was appropriate pending state court determination as to whether those laws permitted write-in voting). Joe Miller v. Craig Campbell, SOA Div of Elections 3 3:10-cv-000252-RRB Page 11 Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Federal Question Jurisdiction Case 3:10-cv-00252-RRB Document 17 Filed 11/10/10 Page 12 of 16 count ballots under the plaintiff's preferred interpretation of the state statutes, the plaintiff's federal claims would be mooted. When a federal constitutional issue might be mooted by a state court determination of pertinent state law, the state has satisfied the first prong. See C -Y Dev. Co., 703 F.2d at 377-79; Burdick, 846 F.2d at 588. Alternatively, the Ninth Circuit has also held that the first Pullman prong is satisfied in cases that involve a sensitive area of social policy best left to the states to address. See Smelt v. County of Orange, 447 F.3d 673, 679-81 (9th Cir. 2006); see also In Eastport Assocs., 935 F.2d 1071, 1078 (9th Cir. 1991) ("[T]he predominance of particularly sensitive state law issues should weigh in favor of abstention."). Here, the U.S. Constitution expressly delegates that the election of U.S. Senators "shall" be prescribed by the state "Legislature." U.S. Const. Art. I, � 4, cl. 1. "The States have long been held to have broad powers to determine the conditions under which the right of suffrage may be exercised." Lassiter v. Northamption County Board of Elections, 360 U.S. 45, 50 (1959); Pope v. Williams, 193 U.S. 621, 633 (1904); Mason v. Missouri, 179 U.S. 328, 335 (1900). For this reason, in a case involving the meaning of Hawaii's write-in laws, the Ninth Circuit held "that State election codes are the product of careful consideration at the local level about how to ensure fair and orderly elections. The authority of states to enact such codes derives from the Constitution itself. Federal courts should refrain from deciding the constitutionality of state election laws when reasonable alternatives to such adjudication are available." Burdick, 846 F.2d at 588-89. Joe Miller v. Craig Campbell, SOA Div of Elections 3:10-cv-000252-RRB Page 12 Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Federal Question Jurisdiction Case 3:10-cv-00252-RRB Document 17 Filed 11/10/10 Page 13 of 16 In short, the state has satisfied the first prong because this litigation challenges the constitutionality of a state election procedure and the plaintiff has ample opportunity to challenge that procedure in state court. 2. Avoidance of Constitutional Adjudication If the Alaska Supreme Court determines that the Division's interpretation of Alaska Statute � 15.15.360 is not supported by the law or violates the constitution, that would render unnecessary a decision by this Court on whether the challenged practice violates the federal Constitution. In such a situation, it is appropriate for this Court to abstain. See Burdick, 846 F.2d at 588-89.4 3. Uncertain Resolution of State Law The eventual outcome of an Alaska Supreme Court decision on whether Division is properly interpreting Alaska Stat. � 15.15.010 and state election law is uncertain for abstention purposes. Resolution of an issue of state law may be uncertain See also Reetz v. Bozanich, 397 U.S. 82, 86-87 (1970) (finding the district court should have abstained when a state court ruling on a state statute "could conceivably avoid any decision" under the federal Constitution; the Court held the "instant case is the classic case in that tradition, for here the nub of the whole controversy may be the state constitution. The constitutional provisions relate to fish resources, an asset unique in its abundance in Alaska. The statute and regulations relate to that same unique resource, the management of which is a matter of great state concern. We appreciate why the District Court felt concern over the effect of further delay on these plaintiffs, the appellees here; but we have concluded that the first judicial application of these constitutional provisions should properly be by an Alaska court."); San Remo Hotel, 145 F.3d at 1105 (reversing district court's refusal to abstain when a state court's decision on the meaning of municipal zoning laws would moot the federal constitutional claim); Columbia Basin Apartment Ass'n v. City of Pasco, 268 F.3d 791, 802 (9th Cir. 2001) ("[I]nterpretation of the validity of [a city ordinance] . . . may eliminate the need to determine whether it also violates the federal Constitution."). Joe Miller v. Craig Campbell, SOA Div of Elections 4 3:10-cv-000252-RRB Page 13 Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Federal Question Jurisdiction Case 3:10-cv-00252-RRB Document 17 Filed 11/10/10 Page 14 of 16 when "the question is novel and of sufficient importance that it ought to be addressed first by a state court." Pearl Inv. Co. v. City & County of San Francisco, 774 F.2d 1460, 1465 (9th Cir. 1985); see also Columbia Basin Apartment Ass'n, 268 F.3d at 806 (stating uncertainty exists when the law at issue has not been interpreted by a state court). Here, the state statutory provision at the heart of this litigation, AS 15.15.360, has not yet been considered by the Alaska Supreme Court in the context of write-in votes. Although the State believes the issue is straightforward and that Alaska law supports the Division's interpretation of the statute,5 a conflict exists between the parties on the meaning of this statute. This conflict, since it centers on the meaning of state statute, weighs heavily in favor of abstention. See Burdick, 846 F.2d at 588-89.6 Alaska Statute 15.15.360 provides basic guidance for the counting of ballots, establishing the kind of marks that count as valid votes as well as some parameters for counting write-in votes. A write-in vote "shall be counted if the oval is filled in for that candidate and if the name, as it appears on the write-in declaration of candidacy, of the candidate or the last name of the candidate is written in the space provided." AS 15.15.360(a)(11). Alaska Statute 15.15.360(b) specifically states that: "The rules set out in this section are mandatory and there are no exceptions to them. A ballot may not be counted unless marked in compliance with these rules." The statute is silent regarding spelling and handwriting issues. Despite the lack of specific direction to election officials to consider voter intent, the statutory structure and Alaska Supreme Court case law recognize that the purpose of ballot review is to determine whether a ballot reveals the intent of the voter. See, e.g., Edgmon v. Moses, 152 P.3d 1154, 1158 (Alaska 2007); Fischer v. Stout, 741 P.2d 217, 220 (Alaska 1987) ("In each of these challenges we must examine the ballot to determine whether the voter's intent can be adequately identified."). See generally Moore v. Hosemann, 591 F.3d 741, 745-46 (5th Cir. 2009) (Pullman abstention from Presidential candidate's suit challenging Mississippi's Secretary of State's enforcement of 5:00 p.m. deadline for filing qualifying papers was appropriate; existence of federal constitutional question was entirely contingent on Joe Miller v. Craig Campbell, SOA Div of Elections 6 5 3:10-cv-000252-RRB Page 14 Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Federal Question Jurisdiction Case 3:10-cv-00252-RRB Document 17 Filed 11/10/10 Page 15 of 16 Indeed, "federal courts should abstain from decision when difficult and unsettled questions of state law must be resolved before a substantial federal constitutional question can be decided. By abstaining in such cases, federal courts will avoid both unnecessary adjudication of federal questions and `needless friction with state policies.'" Hawaii Housing Auth. v. Midkiff, 467 U.S. 229, 236 (1984) (quoting Pullman, 312 U.S. at 500). For the reasons stated above, the Court should dismiss this case without prejudice to refile it in state court. DATED: November 10, 2010. DANIEL S. SULLIVAN ATTORNEY GENERAL By: /s/ Margaret Paton Walsh Assistant Attorney General Alaska Bar No. 0411074 Margaret.paton-walsh@alaska.gov LSA_ECF@alaska.gov unresolved interpretation of Mississippi law); Reed v. Board of Election Com'rs of City of Cambridge, 459 F.2d 121 (1st Cir. 1972) (where there were no state cases which would guide federal court in determining what tests in deciding whether to register individual students, federal court should abstain from decision on merits of students' suit for injunctive and declaratory relief). Cf. Lueck v. Nevada Judicial Ethics and Election Practices Commission, 106 Fed.Appx. 552 (9th Cir. 2004) (unpublished decision) (Pullman abstention was warranted in judicial candidate's action challenging validity of state judicial ethics committee's advisory opinion regarding his campaign tactics, where issue of whether committee's factual findings were binding on further disciplinary hearings presented question of state law, and issue had not been addressed by state supreme court.). Joe Miller v. Craig Campbell, SOA Div of Elections 3:10-cv-000252-RRB Page 15 Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Federal Question Jurisdiction Case 3:10-cv-00252-RRB Document 17 Filed 11/10/10 Page 16 of 16 Certificate of Service The undersigned hereby certifies that on the 10th day of November, 2010, a true and correct copy of the above document, Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Federal Question Jurisdiction, was served via electronic mail on the following: -Thomas Van Flein, Esq. By: /s/ Margaret Paton-Walsh Joe Miller v. Craig Campbell, SOA Div of Elections 3:10-cv-000252-RRB Page 16 Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Federal Question Jurisdiction


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text:
New Mexico Music Commission
promoting New Mexico's rich music heritage
Music Commissioners
Art2Art Program
Performance Funding
Community Promotion
Private Grants
New Mexico Music Directory
Notable New Mexicans
Governor's Arts Awards
Platinum Music Awards
Student Musician Spotlight
Songs About New Mexico
NMMC YouTube Channel
Kempter, Susan
Susan Kempter of Albuquerque is a Senior Lecturer in String Pedagogy, a registered Teacher Trainer with the Suzuki Association of the Americas, a specialist in interdisciplinary applications to music teaching and learning, and Founder/Director of the UNM Lab School at the University of New Mexico.
Susan created Bachelor of Music and Master of Music degrees in String Pedagogy at the University of New Mexico. She also has been President of the New Mexico Chapter of The American String Teachers Association and served as Private Teacher's Forum Editor, Consulting Editor, and Chair of the National Certificate Committee, for The American String Teacher. She also served on the board of the New Mexico Chapter of ASTA for over 17 years, and was editor of the state newsletter for two terms.
In 1998, she was awarded the Citation for Exceptional Leadership and Merit by the American String Teachers Association and was awarded Private Studio Teacher of the Year by the New Mexico Chapter of ASTA in 2006. In 2009, Susan was awarded the prestigious Bravos Award for Excellence in Music by the Albuquerque Arts Alliance.
In addition to her work at the University of New Mexico, Susan founded the Albuquerque Suzuki School, as well as the Suzuki violin program at the College of Santa Fe. She ran student retreats at Hummingbird Music Camp for many years, began a series of student performances at the Rio Grande Zoo and founded the student touring group – Mad About Music, which has performed in Mexico, Hawaii, Alaska, California, Florida, Idaho, Utah, Washington, Virginia, Washington DC, Arizona and Texas. Many of her students have won the opportunity to solo with the Albuquerque Youth Symphony. She has also had several younger students solo with the New Mexico Symphony Orchestra. Her former students are teaching and playing professionally throughout the country.
She has two published books: Between Parent and Teacher: A Teacher's Guide to Parent Education [SHAR]and How Muscles Learn: Teaching the Violin with the Body in Mind [Alfred]. A third book, Folk Melodies of New Mexico and the Southwest will be published in the near future, and she is beginning a fourth book about human cognition and music teaching and learning.
Susan has presented sessions at many national conferences, including The American String Teachers Association, the Suzuki Association of the Americas, The Music Teachers National Association, National Association of Physical Therapists in 2003, and the Research Symposia at Northern Arizona University, The University of New Mexico College of Fine Arts and SAA Talent Education Research sessions in Minneapolis.
Susan's education has been eclectic, and has included fields as diverse as nursing, zoology, 17th century literature, cognition, kinesthetics, as well as violin performance and pedagogy. She studied at DePaul University, the University of Utah and the University of New Mexico. She has Bachelors and Masters degrees from UNM. Her violin teachers have included Harold Wolf, Victor Aitay, Sally Peck [violin and viola], and Leonard Felberg. She studied pedagogy with John Kendall and interdisciplinary work with William Seymour.
About the UNM Lab School and its beloved matriarch Susan Kempter.
Video created in 2013 by pedagogy student Crystal Boyack.
for more information: Wikipedia
source: University of New Mexico
Thomas Goodrich March 10, 2020 March 10, 2020 Educators, news, showcase, slider
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Commissioners Appointed
Governor Lujan Grisham appointed 13 new Music Commissioners and reappointed 1 Commissioner August and September 2020.
Buddy Abeyta ABQ
Jir Anderson Cochiti Pueblo
Tom Frouge Placitas
Keith Langerman ABQ
Derrick Lee Las Cruces
Busy McCarroll Cerrillos
Carlos Medina Chair Coruco
D'Santi Nava Santa Fe
José Ponce (reappointed) ABQ
Jennifer Rogers Las Cruces
Dustin Seifert Portales
Neil Swapp Silver City
Tracey Whitney ABQ
Zenobia ABQ
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Q: Git Push to Amazon S3 for Deploying Assets? Can you install git on Amazon and push assets (js, css, img) easily?  Something like Heroku but with assets and S3 would be awesome.
Some people seem to use JungleDisk to sync a local git directory to s3, but that's too bulky.  I tried installing jgit on a mac but to no avail, and that thing looks ancient.  Is there anything else or does this type of thing just not work?
I've tried most of the gems out there for heroku asset deployment/optimization, but they all either require you to host them on heroku, or to run a rake task, which is not ideal.

A: You can use s3cmd --sync LOCAL s3://BUCKET/PREFIX to accomplish this. It is best if each asset has a version number in its name. Otherwise you can have weird issues such as the browser caching version 1 of the CSS and using version 2 of the JavaScript, causing undefined behavior.

A: How about setting up an EC2 image, mounting the s3 image on there and setting up a bare git repository to push to on said S3 image?

A: Tools recommend by other answers are out of date.
This one is up to date: https://github.com/schickling/git-s3

A: See Jammit s3, it's a great solution (zip + cloud):
https://github.com/railsjedi/jammit-s3

A: The problem with Jammit s3 is that you cannot manage versions of your files properly. It might take end users a while until they get the most update to date JS/CSS file.
You might find this useful, in case you use PHP for your application (otherwise this code can be adapted to your needs): https://github.com/SupersonicAds/git-hook-php-s3-files-revisions

A: Jammit S3 didn't have the control I was looking for, so I wrote my own CLI script:
https://github.com/bradt/git-deploy-s3


text:
require_relative "base"

module ConceptQL
  module Window
    # Provides a scope window that uses a date range literal
    class DateRange < Base
      def call(operator, dset, options = {})
        return dset if options[:timeless]

        rdbms = operator.rdbms
        dset.where(start_check(rdbms)).where(end_check(rdbms)).from_self
      end

      def start_check(rdbms)
        rdbms.cast_date(opts[:start_date]) <= event_start_date_column
      end

      def end_check(rdbms)
        event_end_date_column <= rdbms.cast_date(opts[:end_date])
      end
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


SYLVANIA ULTRA LED lamps and downlight retrofits provide energy savings, long life and help meet sustainability goals. They are reliable, high quality replacements for conventional light sources for both commercial and residential applications. Product offering includes warmer 2500K products specifically designed for hospitality applications as well as standard 2700K and 3000K color temperatures.
Innovative LED products with enhanced features; Zigbee wireless control, CCT dimming or superior color quality to meet CA Title 24 requirements.
Full line of dimmable LED products designed to meet or exceed Energy star requirements; provide excellent energy efficiency and good color quality.
Economical, non-dimmable LED product line with good energy efficiency and color quality suitable for residential and light commercial applications.
Universal voltage LED T8 retrofit kits offered in high brightness and economical versions with dedicated external driver. Lamps are dimmable and are DesignLight Consortium qualified for utility rebates.
The ULTRA LED Filament lamps are energy efficient replacements with the traditional Edison look and feel.
LED Vintage lamps create a warm, ambient glow with an "antique" look and feel.


text:
5G and the value it adds to your Business
25 June 2019Business Development
We have heard about the infamous 5G network and the dispute between Huawei, one of the leading Chinese tech giants on 5G and the United States. But what exactly is 5G and what value will it add to the Business community? Well if you want to know, keep on reading this post.
What is 5G?
5G is the next generation of wireless networks which will be able to handle 1000 times more traffic and can reach speeds up to 100 times faster than today's wireless networks. 5G is much faster and reliable than today's 4G network that it could become a platform for all the services which could revolutionize the technology. 5G networks will be about 100 times faster than 4G networks on average, meaning you could download Avengers: Endgame in the time it takes Thanos to snap his fingers. Latency could be as low as 1 ms, compared with 50 ms for 4G.
5G Features
While everyone is talking about the speed of 5G, let's take a deep dive into some of the features of the 5G network.
We all get frustrated when our internet speed slows down. But with 5G, which is assumed to be 100 times faster than the existing 4G networks, such days will be gone. To be more specific, 5G may offer speeds as fast as 10GB/s.
5G is expected to be super reliable- the calls or the connectivity won't be dropped which will allow users to use this network in some critical use cases such as using the 5G network to perform a remote surgery via a robot and self-driving connected cars.
3. Improved Battery Durability
With lightning fast speed and reliability, many assume that 5G will be a voracious power consumer. But it's actually the opposite;5G is expected to extend the battery life of devices by up to ten times.
4. Improved Capacity
5G will have greater capacity. It will be able to handle many applications all at once from self-driving cars, Alexa to other IoT devices for virtual reality experience and HD video streaming.
5. Reduced Latency
The 5G network will have lower latency rate compared to its predecessors. We will experience much fewer delays or lags when we use our phones and the devices connected to the network. Latency rate for 4G is about 50 milliseconds while the rates for 5G is expected to be 1 millisecond or even less.
Value it adds to the Business community
The features mentioned above can bring lots of value to the business community and can change the way we do business. Let's check out some of the benefits of 5G that it can bring to the Business world.
1. Lower costs
5G networks will lower the overhead cost that the mobile operators bear by moving from hardware to a software-based network and can save a lot of money. Those savings can be passed on to the customers.
2. AR/VR (Augmented Reality / Virtual Reality)
The augmented and virtual reality applications that 5G is expected to support could have significant applications in various industries –, particularly retail, property, entertainment, gaming, manufacturing and tourism. ABI Research estimates that the AR and VR market will reach $100 billion by 2020
3. Remote working
Although remote working has been a thing for quite some time, we still get obstructed with our shitty internet connection. With 5G, it will not only improve our internet connection but can take remote working to new heights. For example, AR and VR can make such conference calls and remote meetings feel like you are in the same room. We here at Hamro encourage remote working and would love to see this technology grow. To join our remote working platform, sign up here.
4. Flexible office spaces
5G network will bring buildings to the world of smart technologies. These 'smart buildings' will have small radio sensors that will monitor occupancy, lighting and temperature.
CCTV footage of those office spaces will be able to be streamed live to mobile devices. All in all, this will help provide more flexible, efficient, secure and ultimately cheaper workspaces for small businesses to operate in.
5.Easier commutes
Smart and automated transport, finally enabled by a stable and fast mobile network, will ensure that there's significantly less time wasted commuting. Even while using this more efficient transportation, speedy mobile connectivity on public transport will enable employees to work more effectively during commutes and other out-of-office travel.
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Four Salukis chosen during 2017 MLB June Amateur Draft
Four Saluki baseball players were chosen during the 2017 MLB Amateur Draft, held June 12-14 at MLB Studios in Secaucus, New Jersey. Draftees (from left to right) include senior pitcher Chad Whitmer, junior IF/OF Greg Lambert, junior catcher Nick Hutchins and senior pitcher Joey Marciano.
By Denton "Gio" Giovenco
By the completion of the 40th and final round of the 2017 MLB June Amateur Draft on Wednesday, four SIU baseball teammates were among the 771 total four-year college players chosen by one of 30 professional ball clubs.
This year's draft broke a dry-spell for SIU, after having no players drafted in 2015 or 2016 — tied with the 2000-2001 drafts as the longest span in school history without a draftee.
The four players chosen in this year's draft is the most for SIU since four players were chosen in the 1990 MLB Draft.
The Salukis chosen in this year's draft include senior pitchers Chad Whitmer and Joey Marciano, junior infielder/outfielder Greg Lambert and junior catcher Nick Hutchins.
Saluki senior starting pitcher Chad Whitmer was chosen in the 10th round, 302nd overall by the New York Yankees. He represents the 41st top-10 round pick in SIU history, and his draft position carries a slot bonus of $133,300.
Whitmer finished his collegiate career at SIU ranked eighth all-time in strikeouts with 224, and fifth all-time in innings pitched with 282.1.
The Saluki hurler also garnered All-MVC Second Team honors in both 2016 and 2017 to go along with back-to-back MVC Pitcher of the Week nods during his senior season.
Saluki junior infielder/outfielder Greg Lambert was chosen in the 21st round, 618th overall by the San Diego Padres as a center fielder.
Lambert brings versatility to the defensive side of the game with talent and experience in both the outfield and infield, as well as above-average hitting ability. He set a new SIU single-season doubles record during his junior season with 25 two-baggers, while also leading the team in batting average, hits, home runs, RBI's and slugging percentage.
He followed up his 2016 All-MVC Honorable Mention nod with All-MVC First Team honors for 2017, as well as being named to the MVC Baseball Scholar-Athlete First Team with a 3.47 GPA.
Lambert has started all 169 games as a Saluki through his three-year collegiate career to date.
Saluki junior catcher Nick Hutchins was chosen in the 27th round, 810th overall by the Kansas City Royals.
Hutchins is one of only 99 total catchers taken in this year's draft. He made the Johnny Bench Award Watch List — presented to the nation's most outstanding collegiate catcher — after posting a .985 fielding percentage and throwing out 12 stealers during his junior season with SIU.
Saluki senior starting pitcher Joey Marciano was chosen in the 36th round, 1086th overall by the San Francisco Giants.
Marciano, a junior transfer from John A. Logan College in Carterville, completed his final two collegiate seasons at SIU as a weekend starter. He tallied 115 strikeouts through his final two seasons as a Saluki, and held opposing batters to a .190 batting average his senior season.
Professional baseball clubs retain exclusive rights to sign draftees until 11:59 p.m. on July 7 this year, otherwise players may enter the next year's draft as long as they retain eligibility under MLB standards.
Whitmer and Marciano have completed their collegiate careers, so their official signings are more than likely just a matter of time. Lambert and Hutchins both have college eligibility left on their clocks, and will be put to a difficult choice to either remain with the Saluki ball club and finish their athletic and scholastic endeavors or enter the professional ranks.
Future developments in regards to the draftees' decisions will be covered in full. For now, congratulations to the 2017 MLB draftee class from SIU.
Sports writer Denton "Gio" Giovenco can be reached at dgiovenco@dailyegyptian.com or on Twitter @DentonGiovenco.
To stay up to date with all your SIU sports news, follow the Daily Egyptian on Facebook and Twitter.
2017 MLB June Amateur Draft
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Our Holiday Red Truck wall art is a canvas print with a frame of natural preserved green cedar and snowy pinecones. We included a Black and White buffalo check ribbon hanger and the headlights of the truck light up on the canvas. Batteries are not included.


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Q: Changing the time in Brownian motion with a function? Let $(B_t)$ be a Brownian motion on some probability space. Let $f:\mathbb R \rightarrow \mathbb R^+$ be a continuous function different from the identity. What is "$B_{f(t)}$" ? Clearly it is not a Brownian motion anymore. How can we rigorously define it and show that it exists (or not)?
What is there to know about "$B_{f(t)}$" ? Does it even make sense if $f$ is not monotone ? Can we determine its distribution ? Can we write it as $B_{f(t)}=g(B_t)$ for some function $g$ ?  How can we simulate one starting from $B_t$ ?

A: I am merely a beginner on that subject, so this is by no means a comprehensive answer, but I'll still attempt to gather some elements that you may find useful :

*

*First off, $B_{f(t)}$ as you said will not be a Brownian Motion, but as long as $f(t)$ is non-negative, the random variable $B_{f(t)}$ is still well-defined and we can still manipulate it as usual. In other words, the family of random variables $\{Y_t := B_{f(t)}, t\in\mathbb R \}$ defines a stochastic process on the image of $\mathbb R$ by $f$. It could be reindexed as $\{Y_T := B_T, T\in f(\mathbb R)\}$, and for all $T \in f(\mathbb R)$ we would have that $Y_T$ is a Gaussian random variable with mean $0$ and variance $T$.
Supposing that $f$ is continuous, we know that the image is some interval $f(\mathbb R) = [t_1,t_2]$ with $t_1,t_2 \ge 0$ and possibly $t_2 = \infty$. So essentially what you'd be looking at is a Brownian motion "truncated" to the interval $[t_1,t_2]$.

*As I said, $B_{f(t)}$ only needs $f$ to be non-negative for it to be well-defined. By definition of $B$, we thus have that $B_{f(t)}$ is normal, centered and of variance $f(t)$ for all $t$. It thus follows that we can compute the process' mean $\mathbb E[B_{f(t)}] = 0$ and covariance function $\mathbb E \left[B_{f(t)}B_{f(s)}\right] = f(t)\wedge f(s)$. Since the original Brownian motion is a Gaussian process, it follows that the time-changed Brownian motion also is a Gaussian process, and we can then deduce its distribution from its mean and covariance function.

*There are two well-known examples (that I can think of) of time-changing of Brownian motions which yield remarkable results :

*

*If $c > 0$, then $B_{ct} \over \sqrt c$ is also a Brownian motion. That means that $B_{ct}$ is a Brownian motion "scaled" by a factor $\sqrt c$.

*$tB_{1/t}$ is a Brownian Motion as well. This can be seen as a "time inversion" of the original Brownian motion.

Note that we cannot write something such as, e.g. , "$B_{ct} = \sqrt c B_t$" because this does not hold, they just have the same law (on the same filtration). I don't have any knowledge of cases where you could write $B_{f(t)} = g(B_t)$.

*

*Finally, one very important results that is quite relevant to what you're asking for is the Dubins-Schwarz theorem. It states that every continuous local martingale is a time-changed Brownian motion, or more precisely :

Dubins-Schwarz theorem : Let $M$ be a continuous local martingale with respect to a filtration $(\mathcal{F}_t)_{t\ge0}$ such that $M_0 = 0$ and $\langle M\rangle_\infty = \infty$ a.s.. Then, let for all $t \ge 0$
$$T_t=\inf\{s\geq0:\langle M\rangle_s>t\}=\langle M\rangle_t^{-1} $$
It holds that :

*

*${W={(M_{\langle M\rangle_t^{-1}})}_{t\geq0}}$ is a Brownian motion with respect to the time-stopped filtration ${{(\mathcal{F}_{T_t})}_{t\geq0}}$

*${{(W_{\langle M\rangle_t})}_{t\geq0}={(M_t)}_{t\geq0}}$

So for some quite specific functions $f$ (which, in fact, also depend on $\omega$), we know that $W_{\langle M\rangle_t} := W_{f(t)}$ is, in fact, the original martingale $M$ (careful with the filtrations here) ! I recommend you give a read to both Djalil Chafaï's and George Lowther's notes to learn more about these results, and time changed Brownian motions in general.
Hope that helps.


It should also be the same whether you use a dedicated router or a combination modem/router supplied by your provider. Finally, you can and should change your router's username and password from... Connecting your computer with the ADSL modem via a USB cable is little bit more complicated than from connecting it via LAN. When my computer's LAN card multifunctioned, I had to find an alternate way to connect my computer with the modem.
17/09/2010 · My wifi password changed and my iPod won\'t connect, if I add a wireless router How to learn computer password for a router How to retrieve existing netgear wireless router security password... Many times people have connected their cable modem and ready, and have their computers an and try to connect their new Wi-Fi network. When you use a network for the first time, you are always on the network necessary password and some people do not know where to find them.
If you have never customized your modem's control panel login, finding the username and password should be relatively simple. 1. Connect your computer to the Netgear modem with an Ethernet cable. how to get on ballislife First we need to find the routers Internal IP address. This can be done a few ways with using a app being the easiest. This can be done a few ways with using a app being the easiest. How to find a router Internal IP address without a computer.
If you have never customized your modem's control panel login, finding the username and password should be relatively simple. 1. Connect your computer to the Netgear modem with an Ethernet cable. how to find a therapist that is right for you 14/08/2015 · cant find my wifi connection password on windows 10 PC; Answer XI. xiphos71 Replied on August 16, 2015. In reply to Austin Project Consulting's post on August 14, 2015 To find the wireless password of the network you are currently connected to in Windows 10, I'd use one of the following methods.
14/08/2015 · cant find my wifi connection password on windows 10 PC; Answer XI. xiphos71 Replied on August 16, 2015. In reply to Austin Project Consulting's post on August 14, 2015 To find the wireless password of the network you are currently connected to in Windows 10, I'd use one of the following methods.
Many times people have connected their cable modem and ready, and have their computers an and try to connect their new Wi-Fi network. When you use a network for the first time, you are always on the network necessary password and some people do not know where to find them.


Eating Naturally has little to do with how we eat; rather, the focus is on what we eat. An endless supply of experts crop up to tell us what diets to follow, such as non-GMO, organic, gluten-free, paleo, vegan, low-fat, low-carb, and on and on. Such restrictive rules are not what Eating Naturally is all about. We are also not about fad diets. We are about helping you make smarter food choices—ones that are realistic in today's modern environment. We hope to introduce you to brands that are a little bit healthier and a little better for the environment. We urge you to look past big food companies and try brands produced by local or specialty manufacturers. After you introduce your palate to real whole foods, you won't want to reach for those chemical-laden processed foods again.


The human body is a complex system that is made up of types of cells which combine to make tissues and organ systems, which are affected by internal and external environments.
The factors the body must control, within specific ranges, to achieve homeostasis are things such as blood pressure, pH, temperature, blood sugar and oxygen levels. Disease can occur when one of these systems start to function outside their normal ranges. There are numerous homeostatic systems in the body, but for this assignment I will be primarily focussing on the regulation of blood pressure. It is essential for biological health that blood pressure is kept within a normal range. Blood is pumped around the body and supplies our cells and tissues with a vital supply of nutrients and removes any waste products. This process has to occur at a specific rate otherwise disease will occur due to a build up of toxic waste products. A receptor will detect an internal stimulus which will send a signal through an afferent pathway to a control centre. The control centre will then compare these to a set point. After this an efferent signal is sent out to an effecter (for blood pressure) and the effecter will produce a controlled response that should oppose the stimulus and return the variable to within its normal range, known as negative feedback.
Consistently high blood pressure (diastolic blood pressure greater than 100mmHg) is known as hypertension and is very common. (Pollock and Richards 2008).
Maintaining equilibrium within the internal environment of the body is essential for the body to be in a state of normal homeostasis. Important factors such as blood pressure are controlled and maintained within acceptable ranges through hormonal responses and natural reflexes from the control centres that are situated in the brain. The response from the control centres in the brain is brought about by effectors. The resulting response is checked and leads to negative feedback bringing the blood pressure levels back into acceptable parameters, bringing the body back into equilibrium. Keeping blood pressure at an adequate level is essential for the body; it ensures that all tissues and organs of the body are supplied with rich supply of blood which brings with oxygen and essential nutrients. This rich supply of blood is pumped around the body by the heart. The heart is the engine room that drives the blood around the body. The control centres in the brain send messages to heart and blood vessels to bring about changes in blood pressure which go against the detected changes bringing about negative feedback. Homeostasis starts to be lost when these mechanisms in the body start to breakdown or are overloaded bringing about disease, hypotension and hypertension.


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text:
Q: items get imported even without importing the Namespace Even though we don't import "System" Name-space , its possible to access various items included in "System" Name-space. like the aliases for various types (string, single, bool, decimal...), Object Class, and also functions of the Object Class. These items are visible through Intellisence.
And when we import System Name-space (using System) we get access to all the types in it (Array,Enum and lot more) and also the actual types (System.String , System.Float etc).
Can any one please tell my why is this ?

A: The system namespace is automatically imported:
"The CLR will include the Namespace when the ASP.NET application is compiled. Some namespaces are automatically imported into ASP.NET pages, so you don't need to use Import to make CLR include them. System, System.Collections, System.IO, System.Web, System.Web.UI, System.Web.UI.HTMLControls, and System.Web.UI.WebControls are the namespaces that will always be taken into account by the CLR. A namespace like System.Data, which you may need if you are working with databases, needs to be imported explicetely."
http://www.redacron.com/tutorials/ASPNET/namespaces.php
Here's a related question you may be interested in.

A: The c# type aliases {bool, byte, char, decimal, double, float, int, long, object, sbyte, short, string, uint, ulong, ushort }  aren't part of the BCL System namespace, they're actually part of the C# language
It just so happens that anywhere where you use "string" as a type name, the C# compiler treats it as System.String when compiling. I believe (I may well be wrong!) that the using statements aren't actually carried through to the MSIL that the compiler produces, so every reference to the type "string" is explicitly listed as "System.String" and every reference to StringBuilder (for example, in a class that has "using System.Text;" is expanded to "System.Text.StringBuilder".


text:
Ray White Damerell Group partners with Custom Residential
Ray White Damerell Group has continued their impressive growth with the people of Grey Lynn set to benefit from a newly announced rebrand of Custom Residential to Ray White Grey Lynn.
Written by Grant Payne - Ray White Senior Media Advisor
For us, it's about working with incredibly talented people and providing a deeper and more personalised level of service to the Grey Lynn community," said Managing Director and Licensed Agent of Ray White Damerell Group Gower Buchanan.
"Custom Residential's extensive work at the coalface and their ability to be able to provide an exceptional customer experience was the reason for the partnership. We've been working on this for a significant period of time to ensure that it was a good fit for us both.
From left: Sandy Dowdle, Keith Dowdle & Gower Buchanan
"We've had long-term mutual respect for what each other could bring to the table. And we're pleased to be able to offer to them our scale, infrastructure, support, and leadership.
"Our focus is always on our people, our customer service, and our culture. As a result, we're in the fortunate position of having had exceptional growth in the last three years.
"We believe that as long as we continue to focus on building a team culture that's the best in the industry and continue to look at disrupting ourselves and increasing our service levels, then wonderful opportunities like this one will present themselves.
"Every day we must continue to work to earn the trust of our customers. I hope the growth of our business is reflected in the trust our customers have in us.
"We're really proud to be welcoming Keith and Sandy Dowdle, who will remain minority shareholders, in the role of salespeople. Nic Blackie will also join the family with the same title and all three of their respective PAs have also been warmly welcomed.
"We're also in the fortunate position that the members of their administration team are also joining the broader Damerell Group team."
"Ray White holds a strong position in Auckland Central and the Grey Lynn expansion for Damerell Group is a natural fit," said Ray White New Zealand COO and Auctioneer Daniel Coulson.
"With Damerell Group already holding strong market share and a great reputation in the Ponsonby surrounds, the Custom team's reputation and client-focused service offering fit very well with the wider group.
"Stable and sustainable growth for Ray White has underpinned our strength in Central Auckland and the Custom team's great local reputation, coupled with Damerell Group's systems, processes and technology will be of great benefit to their new and existing clients.
"Auctions are an integral part of the Ray White offering and Damerell Group has long held a great reputation for their skill in this area.
"This, coupled with the Custom team's similarly strong auction presence, will increase our representation in the market and an increase in our agent's ability to offer a wider range of property to the marketplace."
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text:
require 'backline/attributes/attribute'

module Backline
  module Attributes
    extend ActiveSupport::Concern

    included do
      class_attribute :attributes, instance_reader: false
      self.attributes = {}
    end

    module ClassMethods
      def attribute(name, options = {})
        Attribute.new(name, options.merge(model_class: self)).tap do |attribute|
          attributes[attribute.name] = attribute
          generate_accessors(attribute)
        end
      end

      def attribute_names
        attributes.keys
      end

    private

      def generate_accessors(attribute)
        generate_getter(attribute)
        generate_setter(attribute)
      end

      def generate_getter(attribute)
        generated_methods.module_eval do
          define_method(attribute.getter_method) do
            read_attribute(attribute.name)
          end
        end
      end

      def generate_setter(attribute)
        generated_methods.module_eval do
          define_method(attribute.setter_method) do |value|
            write_attribute(attribute.name, value)
          end
        end
      end

      def generated_methods
        @generated_methods ||= Module.new.tap { |mod| include(mod) }
      end
    end

    def read_attribute(name)
      attributes[name.to_s]
    end

    def write_attribute(name, value)
      attributes[name.to_s] = value
    end

    def attributes
      @attributes ||= {}
    end
  end
end