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IRE Awards
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Awards » IRE Awards » Winners » 2018 IRE Award winners
2018 IRE Award winners
2018 IRE Award winners and finalists
Honoring the best in investigative journalism
The annual IRE Awards recognize outstanding investigative work and help identify the techniques and resources used to complete each story. Entries are placed in the IRE Resource Center, allowing members to learn from each other. The IRE Awards were established in 1979. Winners from past years can be found on this page.
The awards will be presented at the 2019 IRE Conference in Houston, Texas on Saturday, June 15.
IRE MEDALS
The highest honor IRE can bestow for investigative reporting is the IRE Medal. This year, there is one medal winner. It is:
"Myanmar Burning," Reuters, Wa Lone, Kyaw Soe Oo and their Reuters colleagues
Judges' comments: Reporters at great risk to their lives revealed the Myanmar government's horrific slaughter and ethnic cleansing campaign against Rohingya Muslims. Journalists used stunning photos, governmental records and courageous interviews of victims and perpetrators to document the carnage. Two of the lead reporters were jailed by Myanmar authorities in an apparent attempt to block publication. But Reuters' work wouldn't be stopped. The eventual stories led to worldwide condemnations and sanctions from the European Union and Canada. In the aftermath, chastened Myanmar authorities convicted seven soldiers for their role in the killings. Yet, the two journalists remain jailed. Myanmar officials need to know that you can't stop a story by locking up journalists. IRE was founded on that very principle, and other journalists will continue their work.
Medals are also awarded to winners of two special award categories:
TOM RENNER AWARD (for covering organized crime or other criminal acts)
"War Crimes and Corruption in Yemen," The Associated Press in partnership with The Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting, Maggie Michael
Judges' comments: Long before the rest of the world started paying attention to Yemen, Maggie Michael was on the ground, telling shocking and heartbreaking stories of torture, kidnapping and abuse. At great personal risk, she cataloged the tragedies that others preferred to ignore.
"Alabama's Beach House Sheriff," AL.com
Judges' comments: This category awards great coverage of organized crime, but sometimes the bad guys wear uniforms. This is a strong example of journalism uncovering exploitation and wrongdoing by those who have the public trust.
"Trashed," ProPublica, Type Investigations, Voice of America
Judges' comments: Kiera Feldman took readers along for a ride with New York's swashbuckling trash collectors. Along the way, she showed us the seedy underbelly of an industry that has long been home to the criminal element.
"The Force Report," NJ Advance Media, Craig McCarthy, Carla Astudillo, Stephen Stirling, S.P. Sullivan, Erin Petenko, Disha Raychaudhuri, Blake Nelson, Yan Wu, Joe Atmonavage, Christopher Baxter, Ashleigh Graf
Judges' comments: Judges saw the interactive database built as part of this entry as the gift that keeps on giving from this newsroom to its community. The project really furthers the cause of open government and open records and puts New Jersey in a unique position of being able to hold its police agencies truly accountable by allowing the public to better monitor abuses and police discipline.
"VA Nursing Home Quality Revealed," USA TODAY and The Boston Globe
Judges' comments: An important attempt to shed light on previously undisclosed public records. A huge public service to the veterans and their families who use these facilities.
2018 Award winners and finalists by category:
PRINT/ONLINE – Division I
"Myanmar Burning," Reuters, Wa Lone, Kyaw Soe Oo and their Reuters colleagues (medal winner)
"Hurricane Maria's Dead," Centro de Periodismo Investigativo, Quartz, The Associated Press
Judges' comments: This team's admirable effort did what the Puerto Rican government would not: Provide an accurate account of Hurricane Maria's death toll and explore the reasons why.
"Deadly Deliveries," USA TODAY
Judges' comments: This series pieced together the little-known role that hospitals played in the needless deaths of childbearing women, sparking national reforms that will impact families across America.
"Trump Taxes," The New York Times
Judges' comments: This incredible series of stories based on a difficult archaeological dig of confidential tax and banking records obliterated decades of myths central to Donald J. Trump's identity and political rise.
"Trapped in Gangland," ProPublica, New York Magazine, Newsday, This American Life, New York Times Magazine
Judges' comments: The investigation exposed how Latino teenagers were often victims of President Trump's war against the MS-13 gang and uncovered systemic blundering by law enforcement and questionable deportations.
PRINT/ONLINE Division II (tie)
"Heartbroken," Tampa Bay Times, Kathleen McGrory and Neil Bedi
Judges' comments: Stunning work that really represents what IRE is about. Built on solid shoe-leather sourcing as well as impressive and unique data analysis in an area where there were not available lawsuits or a host of public records. Most importantly, this series had compassionate storytelling about a children's heart hospital, along with results. The impact was swift and significant, triggering resignations and a full review across the hospital chain.
"Pain & Profit," Dallas Morning News, J. David McSwane and Andrew Chavez
Judges' comments: A masterful expose of critical flaws in the sprawling Medicaid managed care system as well as sloppy state oversight affecting the most vulnerable. Great storytelling and unique data analysis, handled with a compelling human touch alongside great use of public records, reporting and confrontation of official stonewalling. Immediate impact with state action on funding, better tracking of individual cases and reform moving forward.
"Inside the Secret Courts," Boston Globe
Judges' comments: An amazing look at an unusually secretive part of the Massachusetts' district court system and a smart approach to investigate a court system that keeps no records.
"Toxic City: Sick Schools," The Philadelphia Inquirer
Judges' comments: Great reporting, clear writing, real community involvement, unique data analysis and database, with great follow-up and impact.
"Denied Justice," Star Tribune
Judges' comments: Exceptional work on systemic failures in sex-assault investigations and a unique document and data analysis, which proves that Minnesota is inadequately serving the victims of violent sexual crimes.
PRINT/ONLINE — Division III
"Perversion of Justice: How a Future Trump Cabinet Member Gave a Serial Sex Abuser the Deal of a Lifetime," Miami Herald, Julie K. Brown and Emily Michot
Judges' comments: The Miami Herald exposed a horrific abuse of power that otherwise might have gone untold if not for these journalists. This shocking, deeply reported story lives up to its name. Time and again, prosecutors who swore to uphold justice turned their backs on victims and aided a wealthy criminal. The Herald documented this shameful mess in such stunning detail that the reader can only wonder whether the participants had lost all morality.
"Bad Medicine," Milwaukee Journal Sentinel and MedPage Today
Judges' comments: The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel and MedPage Today delivered an extraordinary report with eye-popping findings on inadequate tracking of doctors with questionable if not criminal pasts.
"Parkland," South Florida Sun Sentinel
Judges' comments: The South Florida Sun Sentinel dug deep to expose the cascade of errors that preceded and followed the school shooting at Parkland and cost children their lives.
PRINT/ONLINE — Division IV
"From Criminal to Cop in Alaska's Most Vulnerable Villages," Anchorage Daily News, Kyle Hopkins
Judges' comments: If Kyle Hopkins had not told this story, it likely never would have been told. Harrowing and revelatory, this quick-turnaround investigation had a high degree of difficulty in an insular, far-flung corner of the country.
"California Prosecution Fees," Desert Sun
Judges' comments: Huge impact for exposing a government program that abused citizens. This is journalism serving as an important check on the government and prompted a much-needed state law to ban such abuses.
BROADCAST/VIDEO — Division I
"Deceptive Diplomacy — Cover-up by the UN," SVT Mission Investigate, Swedish Television, Le Monde, Radio France International, Foreign Policy Magazine, Süddeutsche Zeitung
Judges' comments: An international team of investigative reporters revealed how top UN officials covered up crucial information about the murder of the UN experts Zaida Catalán and Michael Sharp in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This investigation demonstrated a dedication to shoe-leather reporting on a project with a high degree of difficulty undertaken at great personal risk. The team took a huge institution, the UN, to task for looking the other way when murders were covered up. Great storytelling, undercover sources, secret documents, compelling personal profiles of the victims and stellar photography. In a time when journalists and peacekeepers are under attack around the world, this piece did so much to illustrate the reality of those risky careers and the lengths some officials will go to hide the truth.
No finalists
BROADCAST/VIDEO — Division II
"Lien on Me," KUSA-TV, Denver, Chris Vanderveen, Chris Hansen, Anna Hewson, Katie Wilcox, Nicole Vap
Judges' comments: The investigation exposed how more than a dozen surgeons operating in at least eight hospitals in Colorado charged exorbitant fees. Rather than signing up with insurance companies to control patient costs, the surgeons instead sent them bills far higher than expected — all working with one credit company, which placed more than 170 surprise liens on the homes of their patients. One appendicitis patient's insurance paid $557 for his operation, but the patient then received a bill from his surgeon for another $3,408. A classic case of doctors violating their Hippocratic Oath: first, do no harm.
"Back of the Class," KING 5, Seattle
Judges' comments: The investigation documented how schools throughout the state were short-changing special education students, limiting their classroom hours and, in one case, busing students home at least an hour early.
"Flipped," WXIA-TV, Atlanta
Judges' comments: Journalists obtained police videos exposing how certain suburban police officers had abused their power. In one case, police stopped a 13-year-old boy driving a golf cart and left him in a police car with the heater turned off and windows down. In another case, two police officers used a coin flip to decide whether to charge a speeding driver.
BROADCAST/VIDEO — Division III
"The Two-Hour Diploma," Fox45 News, Baltimore, Jeff Keene, Chris Papst, Carolyn Sachse, Dwayne Myers, Kevin Drennen
Judges' comments: The investigation made a laughingstock of Maryland's laws that allow churches to set up their own schools without oversight by the State Department of Education. The station sent a young man with an undercover camera into a row house church to pay a $180 fee to receive a diploma after completing one course in two hours. Fox45 was even able to set up its own "Church of Good News" and get certified by the state for its own school: the "Good News Academy."
"Oil Empire," KXAN-TV, Austin
Judges' comments: Journalists dug into property records across west Texas to reveal how the chair of the commission regulating the state's oil and gas industry had failed to reveal the long list of oil businesses that she and her father owned. She also failed to recuse herself in voting on issues in which she had a conflict of interest.
"Forcing the Peace," WCPO-TV, Cincinnati
Judges' comments: An analysis of use-of-force data in the Cincinnati area showed how police across the Ohio River in Newport, Kentucky, had by far the worst record. Newport Police accounted for one of every five incidents examined among 17 police departments, with tolerance from the top for continuing violence toward people arrested.
"Corruption in the Cumberland," WSMV-TV, Nashville
Judges' comments: The investigation exposed how the head of the Upper Cumberland Human Resource Agency claimed payment for times that he was not at work. In one instance, he was begin paid his per-diem amount while he and his wife were on a cruise. In another, he was paid while on a hunting trip. The stories led to a state investigation and eventually to his being fired.
BROADCAST/VIDEO — Division IV
"Fall From Grace: How Buffalo's Bishop Hid Sexual Abuse in the Catholic Diocese of Buffalo," WKBW I-Team, Charlie Specht, Jeff Wick
Judges' comments: Taking on a sitting Bishop in real time is not an easy task. Reporters were able to win the trust of an insider in an institution that is known for its locked door of secrecy and obtain crucial smoking-gun documents proving the ongoing cover-up of abusive priests. The reporters, themselves Catholics, faced personal retribution in their community. Outstanding production values made a document-heavy investigation come alive.
"Power Price Spike; State Takes Action," WGME-Portland, Maine
Judges' comments: Reporters uncovered how a Maine power company's problems with its new billing system lead to a mysterious spike in usage.
RADIO/AUDIO – LARGE
"Insult to Injury," Reveal from The Center for Investigative Reporting, PRX, KQED, Will Evans, Alyssa Jeong Perry, Katharine Mieszkowski, Taki Telonidis, Ziva Branstetter
Judges' comments: We loved how Reveal from The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX exposed what real life is like for the people behind the luxury products. The journalists here pulled back the curtain on how Tesla prioritized speed over the safety of its factory workers. Reveal and PRX persevered in the face of pushback by a powerful public figure and company. They packed their report with details that still stick with us today. The investigations spawned by the package prove the story had real impact.
RADIO/AUDIO – SMALL
"She Says," WFAE
Judges' comments: The reporters did an excellent job of building the trust required to create a powerful narrative that combined accountability with human interest.
"Fatal Flaws," Kentucky Center for Investigative Reporting, Ohio Valley ReSource, Center for Public Integrity
Judges' comments: The team highlighted how a system that was supposed to protect workers failed over and over again.
"Fighting The Wrong Fires," Oregon Public Broadcasting
Judges' comments: A strong, creative, transparent and nuanced investigation of the spiraling human and financial cost of wildfires.
STUDENT – LARGE
"Food Plight: Cafeteria Inspections Reveal Critical Health Violations at New York City Schools," CUNY Graduate School of Journalism, Pauliina Siniauer, Mallory Moench, Rahima Nasa, Jeremy Ibarra, Lizeth Beltran, Nicole Rothwell.
Judges' comments: Great work exposing health risks to New York City public school students by compiling available data that previously had not been examined this way. The result is news-you-can-use at its best: important, nuanced, and contextualized information about school cafeteria food presented in a way that's easy to understand and use. The online mapping and look-up tools win this an A+ for presentation.
"Abandoned Mines," Cronkite News, Arizona PBS
Judges' comments: Exposes danger that is becoming more significant as more people move into previously undeveloped areas, and the lack of government resources to combat it.
STUDENT – SMALL
"Student Threatened Professor More Than a Year Before Killing Him," USC Annenberg Media, Cole Sullivan and Sam Bergum
Judges' comments: Puncturing the secrecy of a private university is difficult and great training for the job that journalists spend their lives doing. The students showed that the university knew a student threatened his professor more than a year before killing him, but still allowed the student back on campus. They searched court records, obtained crime logs and uncovered the fact that the university did not have a threat assessment system in place before the murder.
"Architecture & Design Turmoil," University Daily Kansan
Judges' comments: The reporter found that the university paid a secret settlement to a director of communication for the school of architecture to resign quietly.
"Labeled for Life," Columbia Missourian
Judges' comments: The reporter explored the complex web of state laws that dictate where sex offenders can live.
INVESTIGATIONS TRIGGERED BY BREAKING NEWS
"Zero Tolerance," ProPublica, Ginger Thompson, Nadia Sussman, Adriana Gallardo, Derek Kravitz, Decca Muldowney, Alex Mierjeski, Claire Perlman, Lilia Chang, Ken Schwencke, Jess Ramirez, Kavitha Surana, Robert Faturechi
Judges' comments: The excruciating sounds of children's cries from inside a detention center still reverberate all these months later. The secret recording uncovered by ProPublica's Ginger Thompson fundamentally changed the national conversation around the Trump administration's family separation policy, and ultimately helped force the administration to change course. And the work ProPublica did to document every facility where immigrant children were being held was an incredible undertaking and helped reporters nationwide dig deeper into the shelters, the agencies running them, and the conditions inside.
"Tragedy on Table Rock Lake," Kansas City Star
Judges' comments: Within hours after a "duck boat" sank, killing 17 people, the Star jumped all over the story, covering it like a blanket. Their reporting exemplified the reason this category was created.
"The Disappearance of Jamal Khashoggi," CNN
With an intense international spotlight on the story of Khashoggi's disappearance, CNN broke new ground, including the existence of a body double at the Saudi embassy in Istanbul.
IRE Award for Sports Investigations
"Spartan Secrets," ESPN Outside the Lines/E:60, John Barr, Paula Lavigne, Dan Murphy, David Lubbers and Nicole Noren
Judges' comments: The ESPN team exposed a decades' long cover-up within the Michigan State athletic department that allowed Larry Nassar, a team doctor at the school and for USA Gymnastics, to assault hundreds of athletes. But the investigation went well beyond the actions of Nassar, and unveiled a widespread pattern of denial, inaction and, information suppression including the fact that Michigan State knew in 1997 that Nassar was trouble and failed to act. The investigation involved fighting for public records in court and winning the trust of reluctant survivors of Nassar's assaults of them on campus.
"Aaron Hernandez and Football Inc.," Boston Globe
Judges' comments: Jailhouse calls, text messages and documents tell this complete portrait of a troubled football star and the system that helped create him.
"Indian Hills Community College," Daily Iowegian
Judges' comments: In a punching-above-its-weight story, this small newspaper asked the right questions after a community college decided not to renew the contracts of two coaches, and landed a goldmine.
"The Swoosh Effect," The Oregonian
Judges' comments: This is an intriguing look into the upside — and the dark side — of international sneaker company sponsorships and the impacts on youth basketball. The findings are damning.
"Bad Blood: Secrets and Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup" by John Carreyrou
Judges' comments: When some Silicon Valley start-ups go bust, the most serious consequence is investors losing money on what they knew to be a high-risk venture. But a few of those ventures deal in a real-world product that could mean life or death to flesh-and-blood humans. The Theranos start-up was selling blood testing that needed to be reliable. If the blood testing yielded unreliable results, humans' response to new pharmaceuticals being examined might lead to medical complications, even death. Author Carreyrou exposes how a product that sounded too good to be true fooled so many for so long.
"The Girl From Kathmandu: Twelve Dead Men and a Woman's Quest for Justice" by Cam Simpson
Judges' comments: Overcoming a high degree of difficulty, Simpson digs out evidence from Nepal to Jordan to Iraq to the United States. The result is a compelling expose about a dozen unsuspected men traveling far from home to earn wages for honest labor, only to be captured and murdered by Islamic extremists. Simpson admirably employs investigative techniques to demonstrate the ripple effects of the little-publicized international carnage.
GANNETT AWARD FOR INNOVATION IN WATCHDOG JOURNALISM
"Toxic City: Sick Schools", The Philadelphia Inquirer, Wendy Ruderman, Barbara Laker, Dylan Purcell, Jessica Griffin, Garland Potts
Judges' comments:
We selected "Toxic City: Sick Schools" for its innovative data collection effort, superb storytelling and extensive impact. Reporters recruited and trained school staffers to test schools for lead in water, lead paint, mold, silica and asbestos in areas where reporters were not allowed to go. If accredited labs returned truly alarming test results, journalists notified the school district of the hazards, even though publication was months away. They published results in an easy-to-use web tool called School Checkup. Among the many reforms the series prompted, Pennsylvania Gov. Tom Wolf directed nearly $16 million to repairs and emergency cleanup, and the worst school is slated to be demolished.
Contest entries are screened and judged by IRE members who are working or retired journalists. Work that includes any significant role by any member of the IRE Contest Committee or the IRE Board president may not be entered in the contest. IRE Board members who do not serve as judges may enter their work. First-round screeners may not review categories in which their news organization could compete.
Beginning with work published or aired in 2019, board members may not enter the IRE awards if they contributed in a significant way to the work. Such examples would include named reporters/producers or the front-line editors/executive producers.
Work in which the board member did not play a significant editorial role can be entered. Ultimately, the contest judging committee will determine whether the role is acceptable or not.
Serving on the Contest Committee represents a significant sacrifice on the part of the individual contest judge — and often an entire newsroom — that may have done outstanding investigative work. For example, some work from Gray Television, WSMV, The New York Times, The Chicago Reporter, Pacific Standard, Voice of OC, and St. Louis Public Radio was ineligible for entry in this year's contest.
This year's contest judges:
Jill Riepenhoff, InvestigateTV – Chair
Nancy Amons, WSMV
Matt Apuzzo, The New York Times
Kathy Kiely, University of Missouri-Columbia
Jonah Newman, Pacific Standard
Jim Polk, formerly of CNN
Norberto Santana Jr., Voice of OC
Kameel Stanley, St. Louis Public Radio
To ensure fairness and transparency, some judges were not present during deliberations due to potential conflicts of interest. They are:
Matt Apuzzo, The New York Times – Print/Online Division I
Jill Riepenhoff, InvestigateTV – Tom Renner
Nancy Amons, WSMV – Broadcast/Video Division III
Kameel Stanley, St Louis Public Radio – Radio, Small
Kathy Kiely, University of Missouri-Columbia – Student, Small
IRE, founded in 1975, is a nonprofit professional organization dedicated to training and supporting journalists who pursue investigative stories, and it operates the National Institute for Computer-Assisted Reporting, a joint program of IRE and the Missouri School of Journalism.
For questions or concerns about the IRE Awards please contact Lauren Grandestaff, lauren@ire.org, 573-882-6668.


How to Create a Dramatic Effect in Photoshop will teach you basic and advanced techniques inside of Photoshop to create a highly detailed, dramatic effect.
This effect is found in movies, magazines, tv shows, and more! It's really fun and this method gives you plenty of options to try!
In this quick course, I will show you how to use masks, adjustment layers, and different types of filters to get the dramatic effect that you want.
At the end of this class, I encourage you to try out this fun feature inside of Photoshop, save out your work, and then upload your finished image as a project to this class.
It's always a blast to see what the students have created!
So if you are interested in leveling up your skills by learning how to create a dramatic effect inside of Photoshop, then enroll now and I'll see you in the first lecture.
My name is Jeremy Deighan and I am thrilled to be an online instructor, helping others achieve their own personal goals. I have had quite the range of skills and hobbies through my lifetime. I really enjoy teaching and hope to provide information to others on anything and everything I know how to do! Please take a moment to check out my courses, and if you take any please leave a review and any feedback you have!


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thesouthafrican.com is a division of Blue Sky Publications Ltd. Reproduction without permission prohibited
Background photo created by kjpargeter – www.freepik.com
Zikalala slams 'barbaric' hijacking of on duty nurses
The act of hijacking and robbing two defenceless nurses in rural KwaZulu-Natal was "barbaric, shameful and cowardly" Zikalala told journalists
by Lyse Comins
KZN Premier Sihle Zikala has slammed the attack on two nurses who were hijacked while on duty in a rural part of the province.
The nurses were carrying out their duties near Thornville on Friday morning when a gang of hijackers forced them off the road.
"We condemn in the strongest possible terms the hijacking and abduction of two nurses near Thornville on Friday morning. These nurses, aged 32 and 42, were part of the HIV/AIDS Roving Team from UMgungundlovu, and had been transporting ARVs for patients in the Hopewell area," Zikalala said.
Nurses hijacked and robbed
"When they got to a remote part of the road, they came under attack from three armed men who were traveling in a white bakkie. The men blocked the nurses' path, and forced them off the road, abducted them, and drove to a secluded area, where they took their valuables, including hand bags and cell phones, and then dumped them in a bush far away," he said.
They then took off in the nurses' state vehicle, a white Toyota Avanza.
"While we are grateful that the nurses were not physically harmed during this incident, it has nevertheless left them with psychological scars that will take some time to overcome," he said.
Zikalala described the criminal act as "barbaric, shameful and cowardly"
"We urge any individuals who might have information about this incident to urgently contact the police, who will treat the information with utmost confidentiality," Zikalala said.
Police kill three hitmen in shootout
In a separate incident in KZN on Friday police shot dead three gunmen who had earlier opened fire on the on a taxi that was travelling with a load of passengers.
KZN SAPS spokesperson Brigadier Jay Naicker said the taxi had been travelling from Bridge City in KwaMashu to Umzinyathi when the driver noticed another mini bus taxi following him.
"When the taxi reached the Umzinyathi area, the occupants of the second vehicle opened fire at the taxi laden with passengers.
The driver fled from scene and when he returned to the vehicle, he realised that five female passengers were wounded. The injured were conveyed to local health facilities to receive medical attention," he said.
Police officers from the K9 Unit and Inanda SAPS who were deployed to the area heard the gunshots and immediately responded. The gunmen fled the scene closely pursued by police.
"The suspects opened fire at the police officers as they were fleeing and there was an exchange of gunfire. They eventually lost control of their vehicle at Emachobeni and the vehicle overturned into a ditch. Three hit men died on the scene as a result of gunshot wounds. It is suspected that others may have fled the scene after the vehicle came to a standstill," he said.
Police recovered five firearms at the scene, including a rifle and shotgun. Police are investing a case of attempted murder.
Sihle Zikalala
Taxi violence
Vehicle hijacking
"Tito, don't hike tobacco tax, illegal trade is exploding"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Valley Collector Car Club and the Litchfield Hills Historical Automobile Club will hold their Annual Cars for Kids Automobile Show on October 21st.
The car show is family oriented and children will enjoy farm tours, hay rides, face and pumpkin painting activities along with a scavenger hunt. Visitors may purchase eggs, chrysanthemums, and produce, including, pumpkins, gourds and squash grown by students in CJR's roadside Farm Market. Products from CJR's vocational classes, including culinary and graphic arts, woodshop, and fine and creative arts, will also be featured.
Gates and registration for exhibitors will open at 8 a.m. Show entries are $10 per car. Dashboard plaques will be given to the first 100 entrants and exhibitor gift bags will be given to the first 200 registrants. Judging will be held from 10 a.m.-2 p.m. and trophies will be awarded at 2:30 p.m. Spectator parking will open at 10 a.m. on the CJR campus. Admission is $5 per car.
A luncheon prepared and served by CJR students will be available in the D'Assern Dining Room. The Hot Rod Special features a pulled pork sandwich and coleslaw. The Cruiser Special features a chicken sandwich, lettuce and tomato. Both specials include pasta salad, iced tea and cookies. Hamburgers, hot dogs, baked goods, popcorn, ice cream sandwiches and hot and cold beverages will also be sold.


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Get updates about new frameworks.
"As to methods, there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps principles can successfully select his own methods. The man who tries methods, ignoring principles, is sure to have trouble."
Feb 10 Unknown Unknowns
Mat Ford
"There are known knowns; there are things we know that we know.
There are known unknowns; that is to say, there are things that we now know we don't know.
But there are also unknown unknowns – there are things we do not know we don't know."
United States Secretary of Defense, Donald Rumsfeld
Author's note, all frameworks are inherently flawed, so apply them wisely. The utility of a framework is always dependent on the individual problem at hand.
Feb 10 HEART Framework
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Feb 25 Pareto Principle
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Get updated about new frameworks.
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If you go online or visit your local chemist, you will notice a number of suggestions for treating tinnitus that really doesn't work. Let's look at a few of the old wives tales that I wish everyone didn't know about as more people would seek appropriate treatment if their tinnitus is negatively affecting their lives.
There is nothing I can do about tinnitus. Not that long ago the general advice from a GP or ear specialist was to "learn to live with it". There is nothing that you can do about tinnitus. They used to say "Try to ignore it." The fact is there is a LOT you can do to lessen the effects of tinnitus.
There are pills to cure your tinnitus. If you go to your chemist and look on the shelves you can get some Ginkgo biloba or other supplements for your tinnitus. Some companies will try to point to a miraculous tinnitus cure from taking a few pills. While much research has been done around the effects of medication and vitamin supplements on tinnitus, there is currently no proven tinnitus cure.
Cutting out caffeine will improve your tinnitus. In fact, research has found that cutting out caffeine from your diet is unlikely to help. Suddenly cutting out caffeine might actually make your tinnitus worth.
Foot Baths – Alternate hot and cold foot baths. This is meant to increase the flow of blood to the head and cure your tinnitus.
Cutting the hearing (auditory) nerve will cure tinnitus. It might seem that, because tinnitus is experienced as a sound, cutting the nerve that carries sound signals from the ear to the brain might make it stop. But this is not the case. This is because the brain is involved in the perception of tinnitus and not just the ear. Even if the auditory nerve is surgically cut, tinnitus continues. Reduction of tinnitus occurs as the brain's perception of tinnitus changes, either naturally over time or with the help of different strategies or interventions.


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Home Television Review: Miss "Mrs. Maisel"? Jean Smart is Going to Win the Emmy...
Review: Miss "Mrs. Maisel"? Jean Smart is Going to Win the Emmy for Playing a Joan Rivers Type in "Hacks"
■Television
by Roger Friedman - May 21, 2021 11:48 pm
It's actually possible Jean Smart is going to win two Emmy Awards this year. It's been the best of times, I imagine, and the worst.
Once a star of "Designing Women," Smart, who is 69, is having the best year of her career probably at the worst possible time. She's in two hot shows on HBO, "Hacks" and "Mare of Easttown." But when she was finishing shooting the former, her husband of 34 years, Richard Gilliland, died after a brief illness.
In "Mare of Easttown," a runaway hit drama murder mystery. she plays Kate Winslet's worn and wonderful mom. As Helen Fahey, Smart seems also warm and wise, which she is. But we learn some kinky stuff about her that gives Smart a chance to set herself apart in a cast of eccentrics who are all vying for the David Lynch Award.
Smart's real breakout on HBO this spring just started last week. She's the star of a potentially great comedy called "Hacks." Her Deborah Vance is very Joan Rivers-based, a successful, wealthy stand up comedian who's made her money in Las Vegas after failing at things like late night TV. Deborah lives there in a mansion, and rules her world. But when it looks like her act may be getting stale, she takes in a female comedy writer from Los Angeles who's made some mistakes and can't get work. That's Hannah Einbinder, killing it in her debut. (She's also the daughter of the great Laraine Newman, from the original cast of "Saturday Night Live.")
I don't where "Hacks" came from because the imdb is now unreadable and I have no press information on it. But three episodes in, it's a box of chocolates. The creators have mixed together elements of Joan Rivers' life with Midge Maisel's, added a touch of "Veep," and put it all in a Cuisinart. Looking at the "Maisel" aspect, Smart is playing Jane Lynch's character as if she were Rivers and Einbinder is playing Midge. But it's current, not nostalgic, and there's just a pinch of sex, vulgarity, and bad language so you know it's HBO.
"Hacks" is Jean Smart's show, she's the queen of this universe. While Helen Fahey is stripped down, no makeup or money, responsible for grandchildren, Deborah is the quantum opposite. She's buying antique pepper shakers for $10,000, something Helen could not comprehend. Deborah is snarky and rude and over the top, so much fun to play. Helen has to keep her eye on the ball in her house to make all the tentative things around her don't fall apart.
So, yes, HBO loves Emmy nominations and awards. But this should be a cake walk for them. Jean Smart is going to be the talk of the town this summer and fall. And boy, does she deserve it!
Lana del Rey Releases Three New Songs from Her Second Album of 2021, "Blue Banisters"
Joan Baez Brings Dr. Fauci to Kennedy Center Honors, Bidens Welcome Honorees to White House, Show Taping Tonight


We provide guidance, expertise and support to collectors in the development of their art collection.
Intermediation in search of artwork nationally and internationally.
We offer our services to individuals and companies in the decoration of offices, institutional gifts, etc.
Organization of conferences and lectures on art.


Yearning to see fresh, green things growing in your home? These kits and gadgets make it easy, whether you're short on outdoor space or it's just too early to start growing outdoors. In no time you'll be harvesting fresh herbs and sprouts for healthy eating.
Are you a chronic under- or over-waterer? This planter from Chef'n is the solution. Self-regulating wicks in the bottom give the herbs continuous water as they require; you just need to refill the water in the base when it gets low. The mod ceramic styling of the planter looks at home on any windowsill.
Modern Sprout's garden drop-in kits let you start growing plants indoors, and then transfer the entire biodegradable pot to your garden or outdoor container. Choose from sweet baby watermelon, cherry tomato, rainbow blend pumpkin, or hull-less white popcorn—or plant them all.
Tender, delicate microgreens are chefs' and food stylists' garnish of choice. And though they can be tough to find in stores, they're surprisingly easy to grow at home, since you only need to nurture them to the sprout stage. This kit from Verdant Republic makes it especially simple to grow 5 varieties of antioxidant-packed violet-hued microgreens, with everything you need in once box: seeds, biodegradable pots, compost-enriched soil, and labels.
Sprouted lentils and other legumes are a delicious, nutritious addition to sandwiches and salads. These mesh-screen lids make it a breeze to grow your own sprouts using a standard wide-mouth mason jar. Made from stainless-steel, they're rust-resistant and can be sterilized in the dishwasher after you've harvested each batch of sprouts. Sold in a set of 6.
Once you've harvested your home-grown herbs, Microplane's mill makes adding them to your meals as easy as the twist of a wrist. You may even find your fresh herbs beat out salt and pepper as your favorite seasonings.


The Back Corridor on the ground floor was once known as the Milky Way Corridor, by the students who trained at The King's House, when it was a teacher training college. We still refer to it as that. In this corridor you can find the Wessex Museum 'Object on Tour', the meteorite and access to the rear lawn and Lecture Hall.


text:
"""Wrapper to check for internal tool sync_keyboxes."""

import sys

try:
  from internal import sync_keyboxes
except ImportError:
  print('sync_keyboxes.py not found, skipping.')
  sys.exit(0)

if __name__ == '__main__':
  sys.exit(sync_keyboxes.SyncKeyboxesForCurrentBranch())

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A Way Out's Josef Fares had a great experience with Electronic Arts, and is working with the publisher on Hazelight's next game.
Josef Fares, director of A Way Out, wants to make "a beautiful, interactive love story".
During the last Game Awards, A Way Out director Josef Fares became infamous for a speech he gave before showing off the game.
Many game players see EA as the evil corporation of gaming – a company that puts profit in front of anything else.
Microsoft has plenty on sale this week for both Xbox Live Gold subscribers and those with only a Silver membership.
A Way Out releases tomorrow, and enough critics have played play the co-op title to warrant a reviews round-up.
We're one day away from the launch of A Way Out, and it's time to remember what got everyone excited about it in the first place.
Nvidia and AMD have released new drivers for their GeForce and Radeon graphics cards.
A Way Out is the next game from the indie team behind the brilliant Brothers: A Tale of Two sons. Like the studio's first game, it focuses on two characters who need to cooperate to win. Unlike the first game, it's being published by EA.


A lovely weekend rambling with friends in Roughlee Lancashire .
A lovely weekend rambling with friends in Roughly Lancashire, It did end up with us getting rather wet!
We went down to visit our good friends Sarah and Chris last year and took yoda , a few weeks after we left the Christies adopted Toby! So this time yoda and Toby met.
husbands two monkeys and two dogs in tow ( the teens weren't quite so fussed).
I've known Sarah for many years , We've had many holidays and great times together and we even went on to having two boys each of the same ages who we now godparents to.
We always have a laugh and do things the same even though we live nearly 260 miles apart!
Well it always seemed like that anyway haha.
The views of the rolling hills are stunning,The dogs loved it and the boys thought walking in the river was brilliant.
The boys in the stream, just before the rain.
Then the rain started and we ended up with two muddy Dogs and two muddy children . Good times.
Thanks for a lovely weekend The Cristies!
Previous Post The Yorkshire dales icecream parlour and play barn Billy Bobs.
Next Post Roaming Roosters farm shop and The olde spot restaurant , Lancashire.


text:
Euselasia thaumata is een vlindersoort uit de familie van de prachtvlinders (Riodinidae), onderfamilie Euselasiinae.

Euselasia thaumata werd in 1998 beschreven door Hall, J & Willmott.

Prachtvlinders

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
<?php

namespace Enqueue\AmqpBunny\Tests;

use Enqueue\AmqpBunny\AmqpConnectionFactory;
use Enqueue\AmqpTools\RabbitMqDlxDelayStrategy;
use Enqueue\Test\ClassExtensionTrait;
use Enqueue\Test\ReadAttributeTrait;
use Interop\Queue\ConnectionFactory;
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

class AmqpConnectionFactoryTest extends TestCase
{
    use ClassExtensionTrait;
    use ReadAttributeTrait;

    public function testShouldImplementConnectionFactoryInterface()
    {
        $this->assertClassImplements(ConnectionFactory::class, AmqpConnectionFactory::class);
    }

    public function testShouldSetRabbitMqDlxDelayStrategyIfRabbitMqSchemeExtensionPresent()
    {
        $factory = new AmqpConnectionFactory('amqp+rabbitmq:');

        $this->assertAttributeInstanceOf(RabbitMqDlxDelayStrategy::class, 'delayStrategy', $factory);
    }
}


text:
Q: I can't install a Python module via pip3 I need to install the module 'Request' but when I run the command
pip3 install Request
it gives me back this error:
This is what I need to run the program:
from urllib.request import Request, urlopen
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
import random

and this is what I get when I try to install Request module via pip3 in terminal:
Collecting Request
Installing collected packages: Request
ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/root/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 178, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/root/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line 414, in run
    use_user_site=options.use_user_site,
  File "/root/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/__init__.py", line 58, in install_given_reqs
    **kwargs
  File "/root/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_install.py", line 920, in install
    use_user_site=use_user_site, pycompile=pycompile,
  File "/root/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_install.py", line 448, in move_wheel_files
    warn_script_location=warn_script_location,
  File "/root/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/_internal/wheel.py", line 428, in move_wheel_files
    assert info_dir, "%s .dist-info directory not found" % req
AssertionError: Request .dist-info directory not found

If I run
pip install Request it tells me that requirements are already satisfied, but when I run the program it says that module Request is missing.

A: You don't need to install urllib.request.Request. It has been part of Python since version 3.3. You might be thinking of requests which is something else that you do need to install if you want to use it.

A: Use apt-get install python3-requests . That error appear cause all your python3.x libraries are not updated.
By the way, duplicated question, use search function: How to install requests module in Python 3.4, instead of 2.7

A: I cleaned my python installation 2 & 3 and reinstalled from zero. It seems like my folders were messed up and packages were searched for in the wrong path.
apt-get remove python
apt-get install python

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Replication error on SQL Server 2008 I'm doing merge replication between two SQL Server 2008 machine. But, when I attempt to do any modification on subscriber system, I get the following error.

The merge process could not enumerate changes at the 'Subscriber'.
  When troubleshooting, restart the synchronization with verbose
  history logging and specify an output file to which to write.
  (Source: MSSQL_REPL, Error number: MSSQL_REPL-2147200999)

Regards,

A: You'll want to log onto the distributor and stop the merge agent.  Then open a command line window and navigate to the folder which has the replication binaries in it (c:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\100\COM\ by default).  Run replmerg.exe and paste in all the values from step 2 of the job which is the replication agent.  Then change the -OutputVerboseLevel from 0 to 1 (the parameter may not be there if it isn't just add it was an value of 1).
This should give you the actual error message so you can see what's going on.

A: Unfortunately, this is a very generic error message.
This could be caused by anything from network timeouts to a lack of system resources.
Some things that have solved this in the past:

*

*Check your data: Make sure you don't have an IMAGE columns that has empty strings as the value (see KB280684 for more information)

*Run DBCC CHECKDB.  If you get errors, use the REPAIR_FAST option.

*Setup your replication again.
Like I mentioned, it's a generic error, so this may be difficult to troubleshoot.


NEW! Original ACEO "Geisha" is up for Auction on eBay, starting at just a PENNY!
Original "Showtime" Concept sketch, right out of my sketchbook, is currently up for auction over on eBay!
This is a fun piece of a fairy sitting on a stack of books that I have wanted to do for ages! I just sketched it out today, and I'm not sure when I will be able to get this into the painting stage, so I thought someone might really like to own the sketch! Currently for sale here on HannahLynnArt.com.
11x14 (overall paper size) Pencil only Sketch, signed on front, not sprayed with fixative.
Free shipping in the US. (You will receive a follow up invoice if you are international).
Copyright Hannah Lynn Art, all rights reserved. Concept Sketch will one day become a painting!
"Welcome Home" Concept Sketch up for auction!
Visit their website to see all the other fun activities they have planned!
Pre-order for my NEW Volume 6 Coloring Book!!
Pre-order on my website today for my NEW Volume 6 Coloring Book!! It's promised to ship by Friday June 14th!!
The NEW May double sided trading cards are here and are ready to ship! They are also up for auction on eBay starting at just a PENNY!
NEW! "Sketch Card 25" One of a Kind ACEO Sketch!
"Sketch Card 25" ONE OF A KIND, Original Black & White pencil and ink on illustration board 2.5"x3.5", NO reproductions or licensing of any kind, the winning bidder will be the ONLY person to own this unique artwork! Starts on eBay at a PENNY!


Charcoal barbecue for 4/5 people. Steel firebowl and lid - RED. Barbecue on 4 raised interlocking f..
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Barbecue net: squareMaterial: Stainless steelWeight: 0.4KG(Approx.)Size: 49.5 x 22.5 x 1.8cmBasket ..
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Main Part Process:Punch,Electrophoretic,Polish,Stretch,Spot Welding,Cold Rolling,Plating Import:no ..


text:
US Air Force researchers to identify root cause for crack formations in aircraft
Researchers at the US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) are investigating microscopic crack formations and metal fatigue that hamper aircraft safety.
By Srivari Aishwarya
Metal fatigue, which is due to repeated loading and unloading, changes in air pressure and exposure to altitude, will in turn result in small, microscopic cracks in engine, wing or tail structures.
The crack formations tend to affect aviation safety, according to the research team at the metals branch of AFRL's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate.
In order to overcome such problems, scientists are studying the earliest stages of crack formation in turbine engine materials.
AFRL metals branch research scientist Dr. Adam Pilchak said: "The Air Force routinely inspects engine components for cracks, but it is possible to miss microscopically small cracks with current inspection methods.
"We want to be confident that an undetectable crack does not grow to failure before the next inspection.
"In order to overcome such problems, scientists are studying the earliest stages of crack formation in turbine engine materials."
"Because crack growth rates can vary considerably depending on how a material is processed, it is important to understand the worst-case scenario that leads to the shortest fatigue lifetime."
AFRL researchers are using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to magnify the surfaces of fractured laboratory samples or components taken from aircraft engine surfaces up to 50,000 times to precisely determine where a crack initiated.
The better understanding of crack initiation sites and the material on which cracks form will help in determining the root cause of a failure, therefore improving safety.
Image: An engineer carrying out aircraft research. Photo: courtesy of US Air Force photo / Michele Eaton.
B GSE Group
Ground Support Equipment for Military Air Forces
CCP Gransden
Advanced Composites Design and Manufacturing Solutions
Srivari


"Traveling" the word is full of excitement, explore the new place which we have never visit, meet the people we never met before, Eat the food which we never test before eat.
India the country of different people, place, culture, food and tradition in short India is full of colors.
If we Discover India in our one life that is big Achievement in our life.
That's why Discover India is launched. The places where we are going share our Thoughts, Ideas, Experience and our Future Plans. I have already started by this Blog; all of you are also welcome.
My first Dream is to Travel Complete India By Road, Cover Each and every major & minor Place of each state in India, not just seeing India I want to Live India, Feel Dessert , Snow, dry, rain, river, forest, mountain, sea everything.
New Attraction : Museums of Mumbai ( with Full Info), Suruchi Beach (Vasai), India on 15th August 1947.
another road trip to Malshej Ghat, Waghoba Khind & Tungareshwer Water Fall.
Much More to Come Keep Visiting This Blog.
Tarkarli is a village in Malvan Taluka, district Sindhudurg. It is now become Tourist Destination in Coastal Maharashtra, an attractive beach. From there, one can see the famous naval fort Sindhudurg built by Shivaji Maharaj. This village is famous for its Ramnavmi Utsav. Here in Mapurush Temple the celebration of Ramnavmi is arranged every year. To mark this occasion there are various dramas (Marathi Natak) are arranged. Water sports Activities are also available on beach like Scuba Diving and snorkeling, water ski, boat ride, Dolphin ride and much more.
Devbagh beach is less crowded even during high tourist season and attacts tourist looking for peace and nature. some good resorts are also available for stay with your family for more details click here. other then that some local villagers are also allow tourists to stay with them as a paying guest, this is also a nice experience to enjoy local life and food with them.
By Air: Nearest airport is Dabolim (Goa).
Sindhudurg, but all trains don't stop there and also connectivity by means of bus and rickshaw are not very good.
Kudal on the Konkan Railway. This is around 1 hour 15 minutes by road from Malvan. Buses are available from and to Malvan after every 30 minutes. Frequency is slow in the evening.
Kankavli on the Konkan Railway. This is around 1 hour 30 minutes by road from Malvan. Buses are available from and to Malvan after every 30 minutes. Frequency is slow in the evening.
By Road: Tarkarli is easily accessible from Malvan by bus and rickshaw. Tarkarli is 475 KM (Panvel Kochi Road, NH 17) and 576 KM (Mumbai Kolhapur Road NH 4) away from Mumbai. Daily private, luxury and State Transport bus service are available from various parts of Goa, Mumbai and Pune to Malvan.
Places to see nearby – Malvan, Devbaug Beach, Sindhudurg Fort.
Guys this just awesome beach and hidden treasure of nature you must visit this place once in your lifetime.
So don't wait just plan for it and do it.
The biggest attractions of Amboli are perhaps the different viewpoints like the Mahadevgad Point, the Sea View Point and the Purvicha Vas, which offer panoramic views of the area. All these places provide views of the merging point of the Arabian Sea with the Konkan Coast.
The Madhavgad Fort is another popular tourist destination located near Amboli. There are quite a few places in and around Amboli that can be explored by tourists in a day. Towards the direction of Belgaum, there are also some attractions like the Hiranyakeshi Temple from where the Hiranyakeshi River originates. Beside the temple, there is a cave that can be explored.
Other famous places that can be visited include the Maruti Mandir, Nagarta Falls and Kavlesad Point. Towards Sawantwadi, there are Shirgaonkar Point, Sunset Point and the Amboli Water falls that are quite popular tourist destinations. Nearest airport is Belgaum, (64 km), while nearest railway station is Sawantwadi at 28 km on the Konkan Railway. One can stay at government resorts.


BATTENFELD is an Austrian brand that manufactures injection and extrusion machinery. Leaders for decades in injection and extrusion technologies. In 2008, they merged with the Wittmann group to create a new brand Wittmann-BATTENFELD for their injection lines and with CINCINNATI for their extrusion lines to create the brand BATTENFELD-CINCINNATI. They have an ambitious international expansion plan and are highly recognized for the quality of their injectors and extruders. It also manufactures auxiliary equipment such as drying, mixing, granulating, CNC robots, recycling machines. MachinePoint sells used injectors of different tonnages and also used extruders. BATTENFELD machinery are used in different industries mainly in the automotive, packaging, medical and high precision injection parts sectors.


The Outpost Summer 2018 season comes to a close this Thursday, August 23, with the final of the Summer Thursday Jazz Nights featuring the piano-bass-drum trio of Kirk Kadish, Jon Gagan and John Bartlit PLUS vocalist Toni Morgan's Soulful Sounds! It was another swingin' (& hot!) season here at Outpost and beyond with all the other great Summer Thursday Jazz Nights concerts, the fabulous 13th annual NM Jazz Festival, the Jazz and Latin Music Classes, Inpost Artspace exhibits (See Info Below about Call For Artists for Outpost Members Exhibit!) and more! Now we look forward to those nice crisp fall days ahead, which of course ushers in the Outpost Fall Season 2018!!
Opening the season on Saturday, September 29, it's Indian Classical vocalist Kaushiki Chakraborty (presented in partnership with PADMINI) at the African American Performing Arts Center. Tickets are on sale for this show now! Also this fall: Ali Ryerson & The Brazil Project; Idris Ackamoor & the Pyramids; Duo Violao w. Ami Molinelli; Mariano Morales & Pikante w. Nestor Torres; Tia Fuller; Jane Bunnett & Maqueque; Veronica Swift; Django Festival Allstars; a Jazz Club Style Outpost Benefit with Luciana Souza: The Book of Longing with Scott Colley & Chico Pinheiro; Jesus Muñoz Flamenco ; & much more! Stay tuned to our Schedule page as tickets for various shows will go on sale online as soon as they are ready for primetime!
The Inpost Artspace is accepting submissions for the biennial Outpost Members Exhibition celebrating the creativity of our community. The focus for this exhibition will be on contemporary regional artists working in 2D mediums. Must be a current member to submit work or Become a Member Today! An Artist membership begins at only $30 per year.
13th Annual New Mexico Jazz Festival Begins!
It's Here Folks! The 13th Annual NM Jazz Festival! Taking place in Albuquerque, Santa Fe and Taos for two full weeks +, there is truly something for everyone, everywhere! Opening the festival at The Outpost on Thursday, July 12, it's the Tootie Heath Trio; then it's two time Grammy winning New York style salsa band, the Spanish Harlem Orchestra at the Albuquerque Museum, Friday, July 13; Eric Bibb at South Broadway Cultural Center in Albuquerque, July 14 and at First Presbyterian Church in Santa Fe, July 15! AND the festival's Inpost Artspace exhibit, Musicians Making Art, opens with a reception on Sunday afternoon, July 15 at Outpost.
Then, in the weeks to come at the festival, we can look forward to the hip swingin' West African Gullah music of Ranky Tanky, performing in Albuquerque, Santa Fe AND Taos (July 18-21); the great Soul Queen of New Orleans, Irma Thomas + 17 local bands on four stages and much more at Route 66 Summerfest in historic Nob Hill (July 21); multiple Grammy award winning composer-pianist Dave Grusin, featured in a documentary film screening and solo performance at The Lensic (July 22); plus Charles McPherson; Dee Dee Bridgewater; Chucho Valdés & Gonzalo Rubalcaba; and Alicia Hall Moran & Jason Moran! Wow! Tickets are available online on the Schedule page for all shows!
We look forward to sharing another fantastic NM Jazz Festival with you!
John Lewis Youth Jazz Clinic, Wednesday, July 11!
It's a Special Opportunity for Young Jazz Musicians! The 13th Annual New Mexico Jazz Festival kicks off on Wednesday, July 11, with the John Lewis YOUTH JAZZ CLINIC at the African American Performing Arts Center, 9:30 am-1:30 pm. It's a day of coaching and workshops for students which will culminate in a short performance. All instruments (including voice) are welcome! Students who have completed grade 7 and up to just-graduated high school seniors, will work with professional musicians in the community–– saxophonist and UNM Jazz Studies Director, Glenn Kostur; pianist, Jim Ahrend; bassist Colin Deuble; and drummer, Mo Roberts. Coaches will help students enhance their understanding and execution of jazz and some of the music covered will be that of John Lewis.
Registration fee ONLY $5! Deadline for registration is July 8.
This event is presented by the New Mexico Jazz Festival in partnership with the John Aaron Lewis Legacy Project; the UNM Jazz Studies Department, & the African American Performing Arts Center and is made possible in part with funding from the City of Albuquerque Urban Enhancement Trust Fund (UETF).
Summer Thursday Jazz Continues + 13th Annual NM Jazz Festival Right Around The Corner!
It's heating up out there and in here at the Space with all kinds of great music coming your way! Our 23rd Annual Summer Thursday Jazz Nights continues with the Marcos Cavalcante-Mariano Morales Duo and the Ornette Coleman inspired band, OrnEtc. Thursday, June 28. And next week it's the Jim Ahrend Trio and Max Hatt/Edda Glass Group.
Then, it's the 13th Annual NM Jazz Festival in July and the opening weekend is big! First, it's legendary drummer Tootie Heath Trio at Outpost on Thursday, July 12; followed by the fabulous Grammy winning Spanish Harlem Orchestra at the Albuquerque Museum on Fri, July 13; multiple award winning, blues singer-songwriter, Eric Bibb at the South Broadway Cultural Center, Saturday, July 14; AND the Festival's Inpost Artspace Reception on Sunday, July 15 at Outpost! And that's just the beginning! Check out the whole schedule here and get your tickets now!
ALSO, don't forget about some great independently presented shows here at the Space, including a special concert honoring one of Albuquerque's most beloved guitarists and teachers, – and good friend of the Outpost! – Michael Anthony. It's the Michael Anthony Lineage concert on July 7, presented by two of his past students, Claudio Tolousse and John Maestas!
Always lots going on here at the Space and beyond! We look forward to sharing it all with you!


Members of Students for a Democratic Society have been reaching out to staff and asking them about their wages and working conditions at the University of Oklahoma.
Having found that there are employees, such as custodial staff and food service workers, that make less than a living wage, we will be launching a campaign on October 18 to remedy this problem.
According to the Penn State Living Wage Calculator, individuals living in Cleveland County must earn $13 per hour to meet their basic living needs for a family of four.
In our conversations with staff members, some shared with us stories of making $8 per hour, and making so little that they could not afford insurance for their children. Others have complained about OU's at-will employment policy which permits the University administration to fire staff for any reason or for no reason at all.
SDS believes that such treatment is inhumane and unjust. It is wrong for any employer, especially a public institution, to pay their workers so little that they cannot properly support their families and take care of all their basic needs. It is also wrong to provide basically no job security, keeping workers in a state of constant anxiety about their next paycheck.
Because there is no law that would require the University to recognize even a unanimously supported staff union, SDS will launch a website where we intend to centrally organize a campaign to encourage sympathetic students, faculty, staff, and others to pressure the University to finally meet its obligations to its low-wage employees.
The site, which will be provided in Spanish and English, will begin to highlight stories from workers on campus, explain what the University needs to do, and help staff and others get involved in the project.
In addition to launching the website, a push will begin on October 18 to reach out to more University employees to collect their stories and work with them to achieve this goal. Because the University will be inclined to fire any staff attempting to help, we have committed ourselves to keeping communications and stories from staff members entirely anonymous.
We have already spoken to dozens of staff and collected a few of their stories, but starting October 18, we will launch the website, launch our campaign, and make a concerted push to bring light to the injustice of poverty wages at OU.


Hypnotic, mesmerizing, entrancing, spell-binding... All words wildly growing in popularity to describe a large number of buzz-addled genres and artists as of late. It would seem that the loop is finally having its day in the sun; tastemakers across the board, as well as an increasing portion of the music-hungry public, have learned to accept and enjoy artful repetition and the musical styles that utilize its power. Longtime lovers of dance and electronic music may very well be skeptical of this potentially dubious trend, but DJs and producers around the world are no doubt pleased that their work is finally reaching a wider and more welcoming audience than ever before. So, what better time than now for one of this generation's foremost authorities on the art of the loop, Swedish-born producer Axel Willner (a.k.a. The Field), to release a new record built around the transportive nature of micro-samples, techno, and ambient music—and call it Looping State of Mind, no less.
After a number of less-than-lovable moments populated 2009's Yesterday and Today, some may view Willner's latest LP as a return to form, as he makes deft use of enveloping soundscapes and overpowering grooves similar to those that made his debut record, From Here We Go Sublime, so, well, sublime. The notion isn't exactly incorrect, but, to put it more accurately, Looping State of Mind is both an homage to The Field's early work as well as a leap forward for his sound. The live instrumentation—comprised of mostly bass and drums—that was first experimented with in 2009 has been honed to a point of near perfection on cuts like "It's Up There," "Burned Out," and the centerpiece title track. Basslines jump, skip, and repeat to no end underneath the swirling milieu of audio fragments, tethering each of the tunes' subtle nuances to a melodic anchor, albeit an anchor that shifts ever so slightly with the flow of the music. And the drums? Well, their driving rhythms seem to exist as yet another layer in the dense orchestration of these compositions. The beats are certainly locomotive, but more often than not sound like a tool used to accent the qualities of the main attraction, Willner's handcrafted loops.
Despite the wealth of propulsive power and, yes, hypnotic energy available on Looping State of Mind, it's the relatively drifty and deeply emotional "Then It's White" that ultimately steals the show. On it, The Field masterfully harnesses his ability to apply 10 seconds of sound—in this case, a gorgeous piano melody wrapped in disembodied vocal coos—across lengthy songs, resulting in transformative effects far greater than the sum of their parts. It's music like this that speaks volumes for the power of the loop. Somewhere within these selected clips of audio lie musical and maybe even spiritual qualities that can be extracted through proper applications by knowledgeable hands. Two of those hands definitely belong to The Field, and Looping State of Mind might just be the finest document of his craft yet.
The Field "Then It's White"
The Field "I Have the Moon, You Have the Internet (Gold Panda Remix)"
The Field "The More That I Do"


Music lead-sheets of Duncan's Smooth Jazz songs available on this site now!
I've posted five of my Smooth Jazz songs up to now. Secret Smile can be printed straight off the site. Four others, – Fresh Air (which also includes transcribed solos), Autumn Mood, Dream Your Dream and Smokee Vibes – can be emailed to you after you fill in a form. All are free! I may make others available later, depending on uptake. Also, please feel to give feedback here and to tell me which tell me songs you'd like a lead-sheet for!
Keeping up with things while in Brazil, and very gratified to see I'm in at least two 2013 smooth jazz "best albums" charts. #2 (Fresh Air), and two other placements (Blue Cool and Get What You Give) in Hip 96.3 St Louis Top 96, and #45 in Smoothjazz.com Year End Top 50 Chart.
Happy New Year! Currently enjoying a vacation for a couple of weeks in Brazil, where I also hope to hear some great music!


Keysource completed a consultancy project on behalf of a leading IT managed services provider, designed to provide vital intelligence to support a major business development opportunity.
This included an independent site audit at a customer's data centre facility and a full assessment of its suitability for delivering the required standards and services. The facility has more than 2,900 IT data centre assets, has a power capacity of 900kW and hosts the financial records of over 2 million organisations and individuals.
Extensive experience in critical environments.
"This type of consultancy that Keysource provides can help make the difference between a successful and an unsuccessful bid.
Ensuring the client was able to submit a highly informed bid that incorporated a full understanding of the commercial viability of the options.
A full assessment of the existing hosting environment and a road map of recommendations and associated costs for improvements.
Independent endorsement that the services proposed would perform in the existing environment.


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Le kit de développement

Un kit de développement est disponible sur mon mon site web.
Il vous permettra de créer plus d'add-ons pour BeHappy. Si vous avez besoin de l'utiliser, téléchargez le, et décompressez l'archive.
Lancez BeHappy et mettez à jour la documentation de BeHappy.
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Covid at Home Farm: agency workers were needed following "years of chronic shortages"
Chronic staffing challenges dating "months and years" meant agency carers were travelling to Skye to work at Home Farm nursing home in the weeks leading up to the major Covid-19 outbreak.
Operators HC-One confirmed their use of agency staff as they eventually provided a response to questions the WHFP had submitted a month ago – in the days after the lethal consequences of coronavirus at the nursing home were becoming clear.
The company maintains that at the time of the outbreak it had addressed infection control concerns raised by previous inspections.
The private care home giant also claims it had complied with the guidance over self-isolation, provision of personal protective equipment and training in how to use it.
Workers not tested
HC-One's response only partially covers some of the other issues raised in the list of 10 questions, sent on the 6th of May.
In the early weeks of lockdown neither itinerant or permanent care workers were being tested, and were instructed to self-isolate if they showed symptoms.
10 residents who tested positive for the virus have died since the outbreak was confirmed at the Portree nursing home in the final days of April.
In total over 60 people – residents and staff – tested positive for Covid-19.
In the wake of the outbreak the Care Inspectorate identified "serious and significant concerns about the quality of care" and launched a court action to remove HC-One's license to operate Home Farm.
The deaths of three residents are also being investigated by the police.
The Free Press has reported that families had complained – long before coronavirus was known about – that staff shortages were affecting residents' care at Home Farm.
Competition from tourism
A staff member also blew the whistle on a string of concerns over practices at the home in the weeks running up to the Covid-19 outbreak.
HC-One continue to manage the home, though they have been supported by a team from NHS Highland.
After the initial hearing was deferred – when improvements were noted – a sheriff is due to rule on the Home Farm registration next Wednesday (10th June).
Sir David Behan
In an interview with the BBC in early May HC-One's executive chairman Sir David Behan conceded it had been difficult to recruit permanent staff on Skye.
He said: "In this particular home we have competition from tourism and other industries.
"We have increased salaries… to try to recruit but we've had a large dependency on agency staff because of the difficulty in recruiting staff."
10 questions from the WHFP
The 10 questions from the Free Press are listed, with the response from HC-One following below:
Can you outline the steps HC-One are taking to care and support residents of home farm, the staff and their families?
Who has taken the lead on this support now that both the Care Inspectorate and the NHS have become involved?
Are relatives able to have any contact with their loved ones inside the home – such as those in the final stages of life?
After Scottish health secretary Jeane Freeman spoke about a need for "direct government action", would you accept her suggestion that independent care homes had specific problems observing government guidance?
Could the government themselves have done more to support the social care sector?
What are the reasons for the continued problems in recruiting staff for Home Farm?
To what extent does Home Farm depend on staff from outside – either agency workers or staff from other care homes – to ensure the home is adequately staffed?
Between the period that lockdown at Home Farm began (12th March) and the first confirmed Covid-19 case (Monday 27th April) were any staff from outside – either agency or from other homes – brought in to work at Home Farm?
If they were, what steps were taken to ensure they were virus free?
What steps were taken to address the requirements on infection control – as highlighted by the January care inspectorate report – in light of the escalation of the coronavirus pandemic throughout February and early March?
HC-One response
A spokesperson for the home said: "Working with the support of NHS Highland we have already made significant progress and improvements across the home so we can deliver the very best for residents and colleagues at Home Farm.
"Residents and colleagues are also starting to feel better and are on the way to recovering from coronavirus.
"We continue to progress with our robust action plan and remain wholly focused on delivering the best possible care, both now and for the long term.
"This is an unprecedented situation and we are thankful for the support of our local staff team, the NHS and our local authority partners.
"In the months and years before the outbreak, it is known that we have faced chronic recruitment challenges meaning we have struggled to build a consistent and experienced team due to the locality of the home.
"To help to address the staffing challenges, we have been using agency staff at the home.
"Agency staff are booked to complete a block of full-time shifts whilst living on the island.
"Since the outbreak at Home Farm, and with so many local colleagues affected by coronavirus, we had no choice but to immediately relocate colleagues from our other Scottish homes to Home Farm.
"These colleagues have been living on the island since the outbreak, and the home has also benefitted from the support of staff from local NHS services.
"We are grateful for the support of NHS Highland and Highland Council in helping deliver such a strong partnership response to the outbreak at this home, and together we are doing everything we can to contain the virus and ensure those affected receive the care and support they need.
"The guidance provided to care homes has changed 25 times throughout the coronavirus pandemic in the UK.
"HC-One has complied with the guidance at all times, specifically in relation to self-isolation of those with symptoms and the necessary infection control processes.
"In response to the coronavirus outbreak in the UK, which we have been planning for since February, our colleagues completed additional, specific coronavirus training, infection control training and the correct use of PPE.
"We have ensured that all HC-One Homes, including Home Farm, have consistently had access to the PPE they need. All homes have been issued detailed guidance on using PPE in line with the latest guidance provided by the Scottish Government and Health Protection Scotland.
"We've also been completing visual checks on PPE usage at the home using video calling technology.
"We are confident this home had the PPE required, and that Colleagues on site were using it effectively and in line with the applicable guidance.
"We are also confident the issues raised in the previous Care Inspectorate's 2019 reports were resolved through the additional support we provided to the home at that time.
"We are doing everything we can to support the connection between Residents and their loved ones at this time. Our staff work hard to facilitate regular phone and video calls for Residents.
"We also know the importance to families of being with their loved ones at the end of their lives, and we try to facilitate such visits for as many families as possible.
"These visits are coordinated in accordance with necessary precautions relating to infection control as well as appropriate social distancing."


A PAEDIATRICIAN whose evidence helped convict Cheshire solicitor Sally Clark of murder may be "being made a scapegoat for the legal profession", the Society of Expert Witnesses said yesterday.
Society spokesman Tom Magner said Professor Sir Roy Meadow had already been judged "on very little".
"Is he a villain as often portrayed in the press or is he just a bloke doing his best being made a scapegoat for the legal profession?," he said.
Prof Meadow appears before the General Medical Council today charged with serious professional misconduct. A fitness to practice panel will consider whether evidence he gave at Mrs Clark's trial was "erroneous and misleading".
Mr Magner urged people to question the role of both defence and prosecution lawyers in the legal process. Nobody had asked them about their role and whether they asked appropriately searching questions during cross-examination.


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Home > Technology
Cost of policing Facebook, Twitter spooking Wall Street
Mon, Jul 30, 2018 - 5:50 AM
In the first half of 2018, Facebook's capital expenditures, or spending on items like new servers and offices, rose 133 per cent from the same period last year.
IMAGINE it's next December and evidence is mounting that Russian-backed entities were widely active across Facebook and Twitter ahead of the midterm elections.
Users are fleeing the social media companies, and members of Congress are talking about stringent legislation to restrict what the two firms can and can't do. The stocks of Twitter and Facebook go into free fall.
Today, the two companies are spending large sums to prevent that outcome. But, in a possible sign of Wall Street's myopia, investors are punishing them for doing so. When Facebook and Twitter last week reported a surge in costs, driven by efforts to secure their networks, investors dumped their stocks. Facebook's shares plunged 19 per cent on Thursday, and Twitter's slid 21 per cent on Friday.
The sheer amount of the spending may explain some of Wall Street's nervousness.
SEE ALSO: Japan urges G7 to think beyond existing rules in dealing with Libra
Facebook and Twitter don't break out the costs directly related to locking down and cleaning up their networks, but broader measures of expenses ballooned. Company executives said the increases were partly driven by extra outlays related to making their services safe.
In the second quarter, Facebook's costs totalled US$7.4 billion, a 50 per cent increase from a year earlier. Revenue growth was 42 per cent. In the first half of 2018, Facebook's capital expenditures, or spending on items like new servers and offices, rose 133 per cent from the same period last year. At Twitter, they were up 243 per cent.
The money goes to things like a Facebook "deletion centre" in Germany that employs hundreds of content moderators.
Such operations are expensive, but investors should remember what happens when serious abuse is revealed. During the Cambridge Analytica imbroglio this year, Facebook's shares tumbled 18 per cent. The hit could be far worse if the company becomes the face of a scandal stemming from the midterms.
Investors might be cautious because they don't know how big the security bill will be and whether the spending will be effective. But shareholders have been happy to go along with higher costs at Twitter and Facebook when it was for improving their networks for users and advertisers.
Senior executives at Facebook and Twitter seem to understand that if they don't want to be closely regulated by the government, the companies need to show they can police themselves. The coming months should shed some light on whether they can.
Even if Facebook and Twitter avoid another Cambridge Analytica-style scandal, they still have to work hard to prevent their networks from becoming a source for hate speech and harassment. They may fail as they grapple with allowing some toxic messages and not others.
But Facebook's and Twitter's growth, financial success and stock performance almost depend on maintaining networks that feel safe to users.
Explaining the investments in security, Jack Dorsey, Twitter's chief executive, said, "We do believe, ultimately, over time, that this will help our growth story and encourage more people to stay with Twitter and also tell their friends, family and colleagues about all the value they're getting out of it." NYTIMES
Apple chip supplier's solid performance shows resilience in trade fight
SoftBank's Son says Japan lacks investment opportunities, is a "developing country" for AI
Online bank N26 extends latest funding round in expansion push
US senator Schumer asks FBI, FTC to probe Russia's FaceApp over security concerns
US cloud provider 8x8 buys Singapore's Wavecell for US$125m in cash, stock


The comfortable rooms are all equipped with satellite TV and telephone.
Our pension is located in the center Windischgarsten, on the edge of the 1000m² large park with sunbathing area and shady resting places. From here and also from the guest rooms you will find a magnificent view of the surrounding Alpine peaks. Cross-country trails in the immediate vicinity of the house and free bus transfer for Alpine to Hinterstoder and Wurzeralm. On request, our guests will be picked up from the train station and taken to the guesthouse.


Introduction to Geography, a free online textbook.
When you look at a mountain, hill, or valley, you probably judge it with some aesthetic sense, an appreciation for its form. Geographers look at the physical landscape with a similar appreciation, asking the questions, "how did this landscape form?" and, "how is it changing?". Geographers may be interested in only the physical system of landforms, but they become especially interested when some of these systems represent a hazard to human populations living near certain landforms.
Forces from inside Earth create major features like volcanoes and mountain ranges. These forces are called endogenous (from within) forces.
Gravity, water, ice, and wind reshape Earth's surface from the outside. These forces are called exogenous forces. We focus here on the most elemental of these forces, weathering.
A fundamental characteristic of many landforms is a slope. Slopes are in dynamic equilibrium, that is, forces are balanced to move them downhill at a certain rate. This downslope movement of material is called mass movement. Occasionally those forces change and slopes move much more rapidly.
Two particularly dangerous forms of rapid mass movement are landslides and lahars. People may be exposed to these dangers, called environmental hazards.
As the plates float, they move together and apart. Plates move together at convergent boundaries and divergent boundaries where they move apart. Transform boundaries occur where plates move sideways relative to one another.
Source: USGS, Diagram by José F. Vigil from "This Dynamic Planet" map produced jointly by the USGS, the Smithsonian Institution, and the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. Accessed from http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/Vigil.html.
Click for larger view. Black circles and dots represent earthquakes. Red triangles represent volcanic eruptions. Source: Detail of 2006 map "Geologic Investigations Map I-2800: This Dynamic Planet" by Simkin, Tilling, Vogt, Kirby, Kimberly, &Stewart, cartography by Stettner, Villasenor & Schindler. USGS, Smithsonian, and US Naval Research Laboratory.
This chapter will not go into the details of plate tectonics, earthquakes, or volcanoes--there is enough information on those topics to fill several chapters! This section simply introduces these endogenous forces so you can understand that forces within Earth create mountain ranges, volcanoes, and some other major landforms. These landforms are then worn down by exogenous forces.
As soon as endogenous forces start to create landforms, they are worn down by forces of gravity and the atmosphere. These forces can be dominated by one process or the other, or they can be in balance. Consider the highest peak on Earth, Mount Everest.
On Mount Everest these forces are roughly in balance with endogenous forces slightly greaters. Some landforms on Earth have a greater dominance of endogenous forces, like rapidly developing volcanoes, while others experience predominantly exogenous forces, like the Appalachian mountains of the Eastern United States.
The breakdown of rocks into smaller and smaller particles is called weathering. Weathering takes place near the land-atmosphere interface when rocks react with, and are acted upon, by air and water.
Physical weathering is the fragmentation of rocks into smaller pieces through fracturing or abrasion. The rock is not changed except for in size. For this reason, physical weathering is also known as mechanical weathering, in contrast to chemical weathering, where a chemical change in the rock takes place.
Water plays an important role in many physical weathering processes. One of the most common and perhaps the most spectacular forms of weathering is frost weathering, also known as frost wedging or frost shattering. In this process water seeps into pores if the rock is permeable. Even in impermeable rock, water can seep between cracks or joints in the rock. When temperatures dip below 0° Celsius (32° Fahrenheit), ice can form, expanding in the space. Over time, with repeated freeze-thaw cycles, a buildup of ice in the rock breaks the rock apart. This phenomenon is responsible for the breaking of rocks from high mountain faces as well as the disintegration of rocks into smaller pieces on relatively flat ground.
Needle ice, a peculiar form of frost formation. Author's fingers included in image for scale. Needle ice forms vertical columns, or needles, perpendicular to wet ground when the air temperature drops below freezing. Needle ice displaces ground, including sizeable pebbles, and where it occurs it is partly responsible for soil creep, a slow form of mass wasting.
Another form of physical weathering is salt crystal shattering, where water evaporating from near the surface of a rock leaves behind crystals of salt. As the crystals grow, they can break apart the rock mechanically. This process is more common in areas with warm weather and occasional rain.
A third form of physical weathering is thermal weathering, where rock surfaces exposed to hot and cold expand and contract more than the interior of the rock. The resultant stress can break the rock surface.
Finally, the release of pressure as a rock that was formed deep underground is exposed can result in pressure release, where the rock shatters into large sheets.
Chemical weathering involves the breakdown of rock into smaller pieces through a chemical change in the rock. Water plays a key role in most chemical weathering processes. The susceptibility of a rock to specific chemical weathering processes depends on the composition of the rock.
Particularly important in areas with abundant water supply, warm temperatures, and carbonate rocks (like limestone) is the process of carbonic acid solution, also known simply as carbonation. In this process carbon dioxide from the atmosphere dissolves into rain, forming very slightly acidic rainwater. This rainwater is acidic enough to dissolve certain rocks, and as it trickles and flows through cracks in the rocks, extensive cavern systems can develop. Eventually these caverns can collapse, creating sinkholes. When many sinkholes join together, "tower karst" can form with tall pillars of rock.
Hydrolysis and hydration occur when minerals in rocks react or combine with water, weakening the rock and making it easier to break.
Finally, rocks near the surface can react with oxygen in a process called oxidation. We know oxidation best as rusting, when oxygen reacts with iron in the presence of water.
Physical and chemical weathering may work in combination, or one process may dominate. Some weathering processes create unique landforms. A common characteristic of many landforms is the slope, where topography changes from high to low.
Not every slope has each of these features but it's useful to consider the role of each. The upper convex section marks the beginning of the slope. The cliff face, if present, is often made up of more resistant material, like bedrock. As that material weathers, it falls and piles up in the straight section. Moving water may transport some of that weathered material further away from the cliff face, leading to a gradual lower concave section.
Here is a slope in Capitol Reef National Monument, Utah, which matches the features shown in the diagram fairly well. The lower portion of the slope in the photo is not as ideal as that shown in the diagram.
Slope in Capitol Reef National Park, Utah. 2014 photo by author.
Any time weathered material moves downhill with gravity as the primary force, it is called mass wasting, also known as mass movement. Mass wasting is differentiated from transport of weathered material because in mass wasting the primary mover is the material under the force of gravity. When weathered material is transported, in contrast, wind, ice, and water are responsible for moving the weathered material.
Mass wasting can take place extremely slowly or extremely quickly. The slowest example of mass wasting is soil creep, where the surface of a slope very gradually shifts downhill. You may have observed evidence of soil creep if you've seen a fence line tipping downhill in a field, or a poorly constructed retaining wall collapsing. The fastest mass wasting event is rockfall, where a rock falls freely down a vertical cliff face.
We'll take a moment to define each of these mass movements and discuss important distinctions between them.
Rock falls have already been discussed and are easily understood. Debris avalanches are fast-moving, wet avalanches of rock, soil, and whatever else gets caught up in them moving down steep slopes. Because they are wet, they tend to travel a long ways even when the slope lessens. If confined to a channel the term debris flow is used instead. A special type of debris avalanche or flow originating from volcanoes, called a lahar, is known for having the potential to be extremely large and travel quite far, quite rapidly, especially if melting snow and glacier ice adds to the water content of the flow.
Landslides and earth flows (also knowns as mud flows) do not move as rapidly but still fast enough to present a serious danger to someone in their path. The difference between these mass wasting events is the amount of water present, and therefore the way they move. Landslides represent movements of large masses without a lot of churning or turning. The "slide" in the name indicates that landslides mostly move along a surface. On the other hand, flows churn and flow downhill, not sliding.
The slowest movements are soil creep, when the ground is not saturated with water, and gelifluction, the slow flow of saturated soils. Gelifluction is especially common in very cold climates where permafrost is common.
All of these mass movements can affect people. Rock climbers must be careful to avoid rockfall, and contractors building a house or road must consider the potential for soil creep to affect the stability of their constructions on slopes. But the large, faster-moving mass wasting events are particularly hazardous to people and cultural landscapes.
Travelers watch and wait as an excavator clears a partially destroyed road in Himachal Pradesh, northern India. Heavy rains created very saturated conditions, weakening the slope above. The torrent of water, rock, and plants covering and crossing the road destroyed much of the road and buried the rest. A remnant of hand-built retaining wall against the extremely steep slope is visible at lower right. 2007 photo courtesy of the author.
These hazards exist not only because large mass wasting events occur at relatively high speeds, but because people often live in river valleys where they are particularly exposed to the hazard. River valleys can constrain the material in a mass movement, making it deeper; water present in the valley bottom can also serve to lubricate the mass movement, increasing the distance it travels.
Landslides typically slide along a bed surface taking several forms, such as rotational slides or translational slides, depending on the composition of the sliding material. Many landforms northwestern Washington state are prone to landslides. In particular, massive deposits from the continental glacier that once covered the Pacific Northwest are cohesive enough and recent enough to form steep slopes where eroded by rivers and ocean waves, yet not nearly as cohesive as bedrock, allowing deep failure of slopes and resultant landslides.
Two recent, large landslide events in northwest Washington have attracted national media attention.
March 27, 2013 Ledgewood (Whidbey Island, WA) landslide: Near the town of Coupeville on Whidbey Island, a large landslide occurred early in the morning, destroying one house and leaving several others condemned in the Ledgewood neighborhood of Whidbey Island. Fortunately no one was injured in the slide but questions remain about access to the houses further down the beach as the landslide destroyed the county road.
The Ledgewood landslide was massive. Geologists for the Washington State Department of Natural resources estimate enough material to fill 40,000 dump trucks moved in the slide. The images show how this rotational slide slid on a curved bed, with a steep upper wall but the material on top of the slope (trees and the single white house) mostly remaining on the surface. The beach gained approximately 30 feet elevation as it was thrust up by the rotation of the slide mass.
Locations like Whidbey island, where people choose to build houses at the top of and underneath steep bluffs of potentially unstable material, are home to frequent landslides.
March 22, 2014 Oso, Washington landslide (also known as the "Oso mudslide"). On Saturday morning, March 22, 2014, a large landslide occurred on the valley wall of the Stillaguamish River valley. The upper portion of the slide appeared typical of a slump-rotational slide, similar to the Ledgewood slide just reviewed. However, the slide did not behave typically, moving much faster, further, and chaotically across the valley floor.
So much debris moved so fast that 43 people living across the river from the slide were buried and died.
It's easy to second-guess decisions once we have the benefit of hindsight, and we may never know how much information people had before the slide. But clearly the people who perished in this massive slide were living at high risk under a hazardous slope. Their lives may not have been lost at such great cost, though, if we can draw lessons from their tragedy to save the lives of others. Geologists are already working to learn more about the causes of the landslide, including the relative role of rainfall and deforestation. The area immediately above the slide, where water enters the ground and percolates downwards through the slope, was marked as a "no-logging zone" by the Washington State Department of Natural Resources. Yet a 2004 clear cut extended into the no-logging zone, and much of the area remaining at the top of the new landslide was clear-cut earlier.
A known, but quiet risk: About 80 miles to the south, a larger town lies at risk from a major mass wasting event. This is Orting, a town about 25 miles away from Mount Rainier, a towering volcano, Washington state's highest peak at 14,409 feet above sea level.
Here we see alternating, poorly bonded layers of volcanic rock. Volcanic rock is easily weathered and in locations where glaciers form (cool average annual temperatures and adequate precipitation), glaciers easily cut through these layers. As the glacier cuts down through the rock, and especially as it recedes with warming climates, it exposes an oversteepened slope. This slope represents a landslide hazard.
Massive collapses of the steep slope may be triggered by small earthquakes or minor (non-eruptive) activity inside the volcano. When a large landslide slides onto large quantities of snow or ice, the ice melts and a lahar is formed. Lahars are rapidly moving mixtures of volcanic material and water that obliterate everything in their path.
Here is an image from Armero, Colombia, a town of about 28,700 where 3/4 of the population died in 1985 when a lahar triggered by a small eruption buried nearly the entire town. The few remaining buildings in town are visible at the far side of the valley, which is filled with lahar debris. Armero is 100 kilometers downstream from Nevado del Ruiz, the volcano from which the lahar originated.
The picturesque scene below is of the Puyallup River valley near Orting, Washington, with the northwest side of Mount Rainier in the distance. Lahars from Mount Rainier have traveled here before. In fact, the town of Orting is built on many feet of mud left behind by previous lahars and Mount Rainier's oversteepened upper slopes are clearly visible.
People have known about the risk of lahars from Mount Rainier for many years, but the town of Orting continues to grow. There is a warning system in place that may give people about 40 minutes warning to evacuate to higher ground, which is more warning than would be possible for any resident of the Stillaguamish River valley below a major slide. But even if you were able to escape with your life, is it responsible to allow people to invest in property in such a hazard zone? It may seem like an open question, but so far, even with the lessons from Oso, the planners and politicians responsible for allowing continued development in Orting continue to say "yes."
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