text:
Dangers of Mining: The Castle Gate Explosion
Located about 3 miles up the canyon from Helper lies the land that was once inhabited by the residents of Castle Gate--a mining town in Carbon County, Utah. Named for the rock formations resembling a castle, Castle Gate is surrounded by dominating cliffs and mountains. The community was culturally diverse with families from Greece, Italy, Great Britain, Japan, Austria, and America. A number of African-American families also lived in Castle Gate. Despite differences in race and culture, it was a close, tight-knit community.
Initially coal was booming, but by 1924 the shortage in demand for coal forced the Castle Gate Mine to close their Tunnel #1. The mine offices had to choose whom to lay off and who to allow to keep working. Due to the familial responsibilities of the married men, most of those who were laid off were single men. Though angry at the time, the young men would soon be grateful for their seemingly awful fate.
It was the morning of March 8, 1924. It had been 24 years since the mining disaster in Winter Quarters near Scofield, Utah. The Winter Quarters Mine explosion had killed over 200 men and remains, to this day, one of the deadliest mine disasters in America. Most of the residents lost fathers, brothers, and sons. After the disaster, many relocated to Castle Gate for better opportunities.
As breakfast ended, except for a few men heeding "strange" premonitions to stay home, most kissed their wife and children good-bye as they headed to work for the day--unaware of the deadly devastation that would occur in a less than an hour.
Something must be mentioned regarding coal dust. It is extremely flammable. If too much of it saturates the air, it can become like a powder keg. After the Winter Quarters mine disaster, where the coal dust hadn't been controlled, rules and regulations were formed to keep the miners at Castle Gate safe. One such procedure was at the end of a shift, miners were supposed to water down the coal dust. The purpose was to settle the dust, thus decreasing the possibility of an explosion. It has been reported the shift workers prior to the morning shift on March 8 didn't water down the dust as they were supposed to.
Early into the shift, the fire boss detected gas. As he climbed up to investigate, his head lamp (it was illuminated by fire back then) blew out. As he lit a match to relight his lamp, the combination of gas and coal dust caused a massive explosion. A large number of men were killed in this initial blast. The force of the blast caused the remaining men's head lamps to blow out. As men tried to light their lamps, an additional two explosions occurred. The force of the blast was intense. Some claimed that the timbers used to sure-up the mines were blown out 1500 feet away from the mine opening. Others say that the timbers may have even been thrown as far as a mile away. The force of the explosion killed every single man in the mine. There was no chance of survival. At the sound of the explosions, the community ran to the mine, shocked at the scene. Attempts to find survivors was fruitless. One rescue worker was killed during the effort, totaling 172 lives lost. It took 9 days to remove the bodies---many of which were merely pieces. Witnesses say that the smell of burning flesh lingered for a long time---some even having to bury their clothes because they had absorbed the smell of death. 417 women and children were left husband-less and fatherless. Nearly every family in the town lost and husband or father. No family would ever recover. Can you imagine? Losing not only your own loved ones but nearly every other man you know? The magnitude of sorrow, devastation, and heartache is something that can't be comprehended.
At the time of the Winter Quarters disaster in 1900, the government had no plan in place to help the ruined families. After that disaster, compensation was demanded for future losses. As such, the families in Castle Gate were given $16 a week for six years. Though, it should be mentioned that an African American woman was denied compensation for her and her children because she was not legally married to her husband. She was disgracefully left to her own demise. A woman by the name of Annie D. Palmer, a social worker, was also sent to Castle Gate by the state of Utah to assist the families. She served as an advocate to the families for 12 years.
Many of the women, especially those from Greece, broken and destitute, returned to their homelands. Other woman stayed in Utah with relatives, remarried, or began to work in order to provide for their families. The woman who remarried were no longer compensated financially by the government.
Despite the tragedy, Castle Gate remained until the 1970's. Once the mine officially closed, residents were relocated to various areas.
Their homes were literally moved from the canyon to areas in Kennilworth and Helper. Most were moved to The Castle Gate Subdivision in Helper. A few of the residents currently living in those homes were children in Castle Gate and recall the days of living in the canyon. There is a marker in the subdivision to memorialize the history.
There is not much evidence left of Castle Gate. But, what does remain is the Castle Gate Cemetery…a forgotten cemetery that is giving way to the elements. Through the weeds and grasses, one can still see dozens of white crosses---denoting the burial grounds of the fallen miners. Other miners were buried in the Helper Cemetery and the Price Cemetery.
The trials and struggles and resilience of the families in Castle Gate can still be felt. The influence of European immigration can still be seen in Helper and Price. Disasters can bring a community together or destroy all unity. As an observer, I dare say that the former was the method of choice. The women of Castle Gate experienced a loss that simply cannot be understood by an observer, but they forged a path of resilience that their posterity can be proud of.
Legends of Helper- Part 3: Mine Strike and Martial Law
Legends of Helper- Part 2: Butch Cassidy Strikes Again...
Visit: A Place That Time Forgot


text:
using OrchardCore.Modules.Manifest;

[assembly: Module(
    Name = "Scripting",
    Author = ManifestConstants.OrchardCoreTeam,
    Website = ManifestConstants.OrchardCoreWebsite,
    Version = ManifestConstants.OrchardCoreVersion,
    Description = "The Scripting module adds scripting capabilities.",
    Category = "Infrastructure",
    IsAlwaysEnabled = true
)]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


How long does it take for liquids - like coke - to pass through the body - from the?
Which tends to cost more: Fuze or Vitamin Water?
Sooo.... what does Vitamin Water taste like?
Is it bad to drink mwt dew?
will i have another coffee?
Dinner Or Coffee For A First Date?
Why must lids be taken off on drinks bought at festivals?
What do YOU think about milk that comes in a glass bottle?
Coke, Sprite, 7up, Pepsi, or other?
Red gunky cranberry juice stuff ?!??!!?
Could i getill from too much cranberry juice?
Do you have to drink all of 5 Hour Energy for it to work?
Where can I buy chocolate in India?
Which company's juice is better, is it 'Tropicana' or 'Real'?
what kind of coffee do you make at home that is strong?
What flowers name translates from the Greek as Water Vessel?
Dairy free drinks at starbucks?


text:
WP Engine Secures Strategic Growth Investment from Silver Lake and Surpasses $100M in Annual Recurring Revenue
WP Engine, the world's leading WordPress Digital Experience Platform, announced today a $250 million investment from Silver Lake, the global leader in technology investing, and the company's achievement of more than $100 million in annual recurring revenue with over 75,000 customers globally, up 30 percent year-over-year. Silver Lake's investment in the company will help accelerate innovation on WP Engine's Digital Experience Platform and fuel future growth internationally. As part of the transaction, Greg Mondre, Managing Partner of Silver Lake, and Lee Wittlinger and Mark Gillett, Managing Directors of Silver Lake, will join WP Engine's Board of Directors.
"We are partnering with Silver Lake because of their incredible track record as technology investors, their understanding of digital platform businesses like ours and because of the alignment in core values we share," said Heather J. Brunner, Chairwoman and CEO of WP Engine. "This partnership will help us further invest in our Digital Experience Platform and bring the power of our platform to WordPress users all around the globe."
Founded in 2010, WP Engine is a market leader in one of the fastest growing segments of the Internet, providing digital solutions for companies of all sizes to build, manage and deliver compelling websites. The company's Digital Experience Platform is the world's leading software and services solution for websites developed on the WordPress content management system (CMS), the preeminent open source software for website building that powers approximately 29 percent of the Internet, up from 13 percent in 2010.* Today, WP Engine powers more WordPress websites than all other managed WordPress hosts combined among the one million most trafficked websites on the Internet.**
"WP Engine's enterprise-grade technology and excellent service enable its customers to rapidly create high quality websites with best-in-class performance," said Mr. Wittlinger of Silver Lake. "We believe WP Engine is poised to take a leading global position in the fast-growing WordPress ecosystem and we look forward to working alongside the company's talented management team as it executes on its next phase of development."
Silver Lake's strategic growth investment in WP Engine follows a series of recent milestones for the company:
The Only WordPress Digital Experience Platform
Created to address some of the biggest issues for digital marketers and developers, the WP Engine WordPress Digital Experience Platform provides a comprehensive suite of software, infrastructure, analytics, security and support solutions needed to create websites and applications on WordPress. The only one of its kind in the WordPress industry, these solutions enable a global ecosystem of developers, marketers, and agencies to innovate and go-to-market faster, improve the performance of their brand's online presence, deliver actionable insights to improve the ROI of their sites and applications and enable integrations with the best-in-category technologies and trusted brands like Google Cloud Platform (GCP) and Amazon Web Services (AWS).
Agency Partner Program Growth 10X
Launched in September, the Agency Partner Program enables agencies of all sizes to use WordPress to grow their business, focus on driving creative, engaging experiences and deliver clear impact for their clients. Since the launch, the Agency Partner Program has quickly enrolled over 500 digital agency partners, helping them be more competitive in the marketplace and innovative with their clients.
Expands Integrations With Key Technology Partners
WP Engine is the first WordPress solution to achieve Amazon Web Services (AWS) Marketing and Commerce Competency status for demonstrating technical capabilities in delivering eCommerce solutions and helping developers and marketers manage and publish WordPress digital experiences. Also this past year, WP Engine broadened its relationship with Google, as a Google Cloud Platform Technology partner, in payments and in analytics by building its Content Performance product offering on top of Google Analytics. Lastly, WP Engine partnered with digital intelligence leader New Relic to include its analytics software as part of a new Application Performance solution, providing code-level visibility to help developers troubleshoot faster, optimize their WordPress experiences, and increase development agility.
Opens New Office in Brisbane
In October 2017, WP Engine announced the opening of its new office in Brisbane to further support the company's surging customer base across Australia and New Zealand. The company expects to more than double its customer base and ramp its employees there over the next three years. The Brisbane office is the company's latest global expansion, following the opening of offices in London in 2015 and Limerick, Ireland in 2016.
Featured on Fortune's 100 Best Workplaces for Millennials and 100 Best Medium Workplaces lists
Awarded Company of the Year (Computer Services - Large) at the 14th Annual International Business Awards, also known as the Stevie's, the world's premier business awards program
Chairwoman & CEO Heather J. Brunner and Founder/CTO Jason Cohen were named winners of the EY Entrepreneur of the Year for the Central Texas region
Recognized as a Best Place to Work four years in a row by the Austin Business Journal and by the San Antonio Business Journal
Received RecognizeGood's award for Ethics in Business and Community
Won the Business Intelligence Group's 2017 BIG Awards for Tech Executive (Jason Cohen) and Product of the Year (WordPress Digital Experience Platform)
The Rise of Multiple Content Management Systems In The Enterprise
A new, international study jointly commissioned by WP Engine and Manifesto and conducted by Vanson Bourne explores which CMS technologies are used most commonly by enterprises. The study surveyed over 300 enterprise-level IT and marketing decision-makers in the U.S. and U.K. The majority (61 percent) of the respondents worked for organizations with at least 3,000 employees and on average came from organizations whose global revenue totaled $3.2 billion. The survey found WordPress is on par with Adobe Experience Manager as the most frequently used enterprise CMS in either a primary or secondary fashion. WordPress was also the leading secondary CMS.
"Clearly 2017 was an outstanding year for WP Engine, our customers and our employees," said Ms. Brunner. "Our mission is to help our customers win online. We wouldn't have this phenomenal success without our incredible employees delivering outstanding technology and service to our customers everyday. We are looking forward to more customer success led growth around the world in 2018."
Published Friday, January 05, 2018 8:57 AM by David Marshall
Get This Featured White Paper: Mind The Gap: Understanding the threats to your Office 365 data
You may also be interested in this white paper: Key Considerations for Configuring Virtual Desktops For Remote Work

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: How to fetch data from Google Finance API post 6th September 2017 for multiple stocks Post 6th September
I am working on a project where I want to display live prices from Google Finance API for multiple stock with information like change change in % volume Timestamp of data
and
few ratios like ROI/E, ROA, Net-profit-margin -- This is completely optional. (If available then amazing if not then still not much of a issue.)
Sending one request for every stock is absurd when it comes to efficiency.
I tried multiple things like
https://finance.google.com/finance?q=NSE:ABAN,NSE:ABB&output=json

This gave me the basic info of the stocks but not the live prices.
https://finance.google.com/finance?q=NSE:ABAN,ABB&output=json

This query just acknowledged that the stock with name ABAN exists.
I am interested in NSE (National Stock Exchange-India)'s data.
I already went through 2-3 threads for this matter but couldn't get much info,
also Yahoo stopped support for Indian markets so that option is also crossed of the list as well.
The project is academic so I would want a free source for the data if possible.
Any help regarding this will really be really appreciated.

A: Update: Google killed it.
You can do the following trick:

*

*Query IDs for the stocks you need (you can do this once, the IDs seems to be permanent):

https://finance.google.com/finance?output=json&q=,,... (up to 14 stocks per query)
The output would have the 'id' field that you should collect.
Example:
{...
"searchresults" : [
{
"title" : "Aban Offshore Ltd",
"id" : "3302534",
"ticker" : "ABAN",
"exchange" : "NSE",
...
} , {
"title" : "ABB India Ltd",
"id" : "5296497",
"ticker" : "ABB",
"exchange" : "NSE",
...
}]
...

*Query information using the IDs:

https://finance.google.com/finance/data?dp=mra&output=json&catid=all&cid=3302534,5296497,... (don't know the limit but it's way more than 14 IDs)
the output will have info about every ID
{...,company:{related:{cols:[...],
rows:[
{id:"3302534",
values:["3302534","ABAN","Aban Offshore Ltd","ABAN","NSE","INR","178.35","+0.40","chg","0.22","","-184.19","","0.39","0.59","10.41B","","0.00","","0.63","63.15","74.78","448.77","531.41","-5.34","-32.89","-6.46","1.40","-59.21","93.14","52.77","12.88","1,275","17,579.20","-10,408.33","9,275.71"]},
{id:"5296497",
values:["5296497","ABB","ABB India Ltd","ABB","NSE","INR","1,365.20","+24.00","chg","1.79","","17.88","76.36","8.66","3.09","289.56B","","4.00","0.30","1.56","7.76","7.76","18.28","18.28","4.95","11.90","9.86","1.43","4.08","32.94","7.56","5.92","5,603","91,840.50","3,744.70","6,945.30"]}],
visible_cols:[...]}}}

The columns are: ID, Ticker, Name, Ticker, Exchange, Currency, Price, Change, Unknown, Change%, Unknown, EPS, PE, PB, PS, Cap, EntValue, Div, DivYield, CurrRatio, LtDebtToAssets, TotalDebtToAssets, LtDebtToEquity, TotalDebtToEquity, ReturnOnAvgAssets, ReturnOnAvgEquity, ReturnOnAvgInvestment, Beta, NetProfitMargin, GrossMargin, EBITDMargin, OperatingMargin, Employees, Revenue, NetIncome, EBITDA
Unfortunately there's no extended session price or any of the last trade times.
If you know how to get the last trade time for a stock, please let me know.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The Old Guard 2 Reportedly Gets Official Green Light From Netflix
Christian Bone Jan 26, 2021 3:35 pm Jan 26, 2021 3:53 pm
Last summer, The Old Guard hit Netflix and went down a smash with subscribers. Thanks to being a fresh take on the superhero genre and starring Charlize Theron at her ass-kicking best, the high-concept action movie became one of the streamer's most successful films ever, with 78 million viewers catching it over its first four weeks. You'd imagine that a sequel would be a cert, then, but surprisingly, Netflix hasn't confirmed anything either way in the months since its arrival.
That being said, we heard rumblings last year that a follow-up was in development and The Illuminerdi now writes that the streamer is 100% a go on the project. At this stage, the outlet doesn't have any news about the cast and crew, but it's noted that all the main stars from last time will probably be back. Likewise, Gina Prince-Bythewood is believed to be returning to the director's chair.
The Old Guard featured Theron, Matthias Schoenaerts, Marwan Kenzari and Luca Marinell as four superpowered immortals who've been protecting the Earth throughout history. By the end of the film, Schoenaerts' Booker had been banished from the group, but in the final scene he discovers their missing ally Quynh (Van Veronica Ngo) has returned, after being incarcerated for centuries. No doubt this will lead Booker back to the guard, with the question of Quynh's past and true loyalties likely providing a big plot point in the sequel.
The first movie was based on the comic series of the same name by Greg Rucka and Leandro Fernandez, with a follow-up to that – The Old Guard: Force Multiplied – being released back in 2019, so there's certainly source material there for the filmmakers to draw from. The Old Guard 2 just seems like the natural thing to do, then, and maybe soon we'll get that official announcement from Netflix saying it's definitely, positively happening.


Before this law was enacted in 2014, domestic abusers with multiple convictions for inflicting bodily injuries on their victims were often permitted to serve their jail time on the weekends and return home to the victims they abused during the work week. This situation prevented survivors and their families from having time time to recover from the trauma of the abuse, accessing social services and resources, and escaping from their abuser.
Our amendments require that abusers with multiple convictions for inflicting bodily injury serve their jail time day for day and consecutively, allowing their victims time to recover and seek resources. The language of our amendments to this law can be found in Tenn. Code Ann. 39-13-111.
(2) A second conviction for domestic assault committed in a manner prohibited by § 39-13-101(a)(1) is punishable by a fine of not less than three hundred fifty dollars ($350) nor more than three thousand five hundred dollars ($3,500), and by confinement in the county jail or workhouse for not less than thirty (30) consecutive days, nor more than eleven (11) months and twenty-nine (29) days.
(3) A third or subsequent conviction for domestic assault committed in a manner prohibited by § 39-13-101(a)(1), is punishable by a fine of not less than one thousand one hundred dollars ($1,100) nor more than five thousand dollars ($5,000), and by confinement in the county jail or workhouse for not less than ninety (90) consecutive days, nor more than eleven (11) months and twenty-nine (29) days.
(e) A person convicted of a violation under this section shall be required to serve at least the minimum sentence day for day. All persons sentenced under this section shall, in addition to service of at least the minimum sentence, be required to serve the difference between the time actually served and the maximum sentence on supervised probation.
For full text of Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-13-111, visit LexisNexis.


This is an exclusive business profile of Sami Jothida Nilayam & Thirumana Thagaval Maiyam located in Thiruvanaikoil, Trichy. From this Page, you can directly contact Sami Jothida Nilayam & Thirumana Thagaval Maiyam from the enquiry form provided on the right. On the left you can get the Verified Mobile Number of Sami Jothida Nilayam & Thirumana Thagaval Maiyam – feel free to call us to know more about our products & services. We will soon update our Catalog which you can download to get latest information about all our products & services and latest deals & offers by Sami Jothida Nilayam & Thirumana Thagaval Maiyam. Do check out our Job Openings section to know about all the vacancies in Sami Jothida Nilayam & Thirumana Thagaval Maiyam. You can also check out our Photo Gallery section to see latest photos of Sami Jothida Nilayam & Thirumana Thagaval Maiyam. Before leaving, do not forget to give us your review and rating if you have been a customer of Sami Jothida Nilayam & Thirumana Thagaval Maiyam in the past.
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text:
Q: how do i connect to DB of wordpress in my "index.php" which i need to place out of the "wp-content" folder I have used the mysql_connect() to connect to the wordpress DB but am getting the error as...
/** The name of the database for WordPress */

define('DB_NAME', '---my DB name---');

/** MySQL database username */

define('DB_USER', '---my user name----');

/** MySQL database password */

define('DB_PASSWORD', '---my password---');

/** MySQL hostname */

define('DB_HOST', '----host name----');

mysql_connect(DB_HOST,DB_USER,DBPASSWORD,DB_NAME);

Error: Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket
  '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'

A: Try this
require_once(path/to/wp-config.php');
mysql_connect(DB_HOST, DB_USER, DB_PASSWORD);

A: The key to using WordPress outside of WordPress is include the wp-load.php
// Include the wp-load'er
require_once("/path/to/wordpress/wp-load.php");

now you can use all the functions of wordpress in your php script
One problem with that solution is that it loads ALL the overhead of WordPress,
another way is as below
require_once( $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . '/wp-config.php' );
require_once( $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . '/wp-includes/wp-db.php' );
$wpdb = new wpdb( DB_USER, DB_PASSWORD, DB_NAME, DB_HOST);


What are the Modules in AgriDigital?
How do I adjust the platform to see everything?
What commodities does AgriDigital support?
Why can't I find AgriDigital on Google Play/Apple App store?
I've stored my grain at a site operator location and wish to sell it. How do I do this?
How do I know when I'll get paid?
How do I generate a PDF?


text:
News Sports Packers Business Communities Nation / World Obituaries E-Edition Legals
Opinion: Josh Hader's ovation after his racist tweets were exposed was an embarrassment
Josh Hader, a pitcher for the Milwaukee Brewers, had some old "tweets" reposted online recently. Those tweets, from his teenage years, espoused racism, sexism and homophobia. The reaction to the tweets was swift, and as a result, Hader must attend "sensitivity training." The story should have ended there.
But fans of the Brewers made the story grow new legs.
At Miller Park, he received a standing ovation. I was not surprised that fans reacted to Josh Hader in a way that embarrassed the city. Why did so many cheer and stand for Hader? Was it an affirmation of their acceptance of his apology? Did they simply want to lift up Hader? Was it insensitive and racist? The reaction on social media was overwhelmingly negative. How would fans in other places react to his tweets? The fans in San Francisco stood and booed Hader unmercifully.
STINGL:'Hamilton' and Josh Hader: One of these was the right time for a standing ovation
RELATED:After tearful, sincere apology to teammates, Josh Hader has their support moving forward
RELATED:Milwaukee alderman on fan reaction to Brewers' Josh Hader: 'An embarrassment to the world'
Two tweets stood out referencing "KKK" and "White Power." He had no way of knowing these tweets would be unearthed years later. When I heard people say, "He was young, We all do stupid stuff when we're young," I agreed. But I did not hear anyone remark, "We all did racist stuff when we were young." He was young and immature and stupid at that time but he was equally racist. We can't simply turn a blind eye to this.
I've studied the history of the Ku Klux Klan and explored images of blacks who were lynched. Racism starts at a young age. The Ku Klux Klan in its heyday actively recruited young people. In many images of lynchings, the faces of young white people are present. After the lynching of Reuben Stacey in 1935, four young white girls can be seen in a photograph staring at the body. White parents would often bring their children to be present during lynchings or to observe the aftermath of these grisly murders. William Brown was lynched in 1919. A young white boy is peering around a crowd of men trying to get a better look at the body. No one asks what happened to those children when they became adults. What values did they take forward and pass down to their children and grandchildren? I'm not accusing Hader of being like the lynch mobs of our past. But age is not an excuse.
During his apology, Hader said, "Being 17 years old, you make stupid decisions and mistakes. I'll live up to what happened and move on from it." Will the fans who cheered Hader feel that what they did was stupid and a mistake? Will Milwaukee move on from another racially stained mark on its reputation?
Milwaukee is seen as a very racist place. A litany of demographic indicators makes this apparent. I've been to Miller Park for games several times. The experiences were unpleasant. I felt a very strong vibe that I was out of place and not welcomed by some of the fans. My experiences are the reason I was not the least bit surprised at the standing ovation Hader received.
Many within the Milwaukee community feel ashamed of the standing ovation as well as the lax punishment given to Hader. When fans around the country boo African American NFL players for expressing their views by taking a knee to protest inequality, police brutality and other salient issues to their community the message they send is clear. We don't care about your issues.
To see a young white baseball player receive the exact opposite reaction after posting racist tweets is an eye-opening experience. It tells us exactly what's wrong with Milwaukee.
Reggie Jackson is head griot at America's Black Holocaust Museum. He writes a bi-weekly column for The Milwaukee Independent on issues related to race and social justice and the need to place these issues in historical context. This commentary is adapted from a recent Independent column.


Bowers Family Blog: Blood Everywhere!
On Tuesday I was doing laundry. The plan was for me to put away laundry, get Sam a nap in and then go to the park. Sam was in his brothers corvette bed. I had my back turned and I heard a thud. A forhead on metal thud. I turned around and scooped up Sam knowing that had to hurt. Then I looked at his face. I couldn't tell where all this blood was comming from but their was a LOT OF IT! I thought at first maybe it was his nose, then I saw his forhead. It had a 1/2 long cut right in the center. I ran downstairs to my phone and called my poor husband and said there is blood everywhere come home now! He arrived to find out I was not exaggerating. By then Sam and I were covered in blood. I looked like I had committed a crime. I knew he needed stitches so I took a 3 min shower and we drove him to Mott's . We decided to take Max with us, he looked terrified and I need Jeremy to help me keep Sam's hands of his face in the car.
One burrito wrapped baby later we had 3 stitches. I feel like maybe he needed 4 since on side is a little open but he seems no worse for wear.
My little Frankenstein. Too bad it isn't Halloween.


text:
MULTIMEDIA JOURNALIST | PRODUCER |STORYTELLER
I am an award-winning journalist and producer.
For the last 5+ years, I've produced short documentaries on social justice issues and their impact on people across the world.
I produce my pieces through a distinctive and personal lens, allowing these stories to be engaging and humanizing despite of their complexities.
Mexicana– you can find many of
short-documentaries in both English and Spanish.
My Reel
Speaking + Panels
I enjoy talking to people about the impact of video and news on social media. En Español or in English!
melissa.fajardo.k@gmail.com
© 2023 by Sydney Oliver. Proudly created with Wix.com


Archaeology of the Ancient Maya | Elizabeth H. Paris, Ph.D.
The objective of the course is to explore the pre-Columbian Maya civilization of southern Mexico and Central America. We emphasize their origins, their adaptations to varied environments, their political and social organizations, their artistic and intellectual accomplishments, their religious and value systems, and their daily lived experiences. This course focuses principally on the findings of archaeological fieldwork, but also highlights the findings of ethnohistorians, art historians and epigraphers who study texts and images authored by indigenous scribes, native oral histories later recorded in writing, and eyewitness accounts of Spanish soldiers or priests during the first decades of Euro-Indigenous contact. The course also highlights the lives and accomplishments of modern Maya people.


text:
The Microsoft Blog
Arc Touch mouse photos leak: Cool as hell or 'WTF'?
By Nick Eaton on August 18, 2010 at 12:20 PM
German tech site WinFuture.de has posted some leaked images of the still-rumored but highly likely Microsoft Arc Touch mouse. This is the product @MSFTHardware seems to be tweeting about.
Look at it! The mouse can be both curved and straight. Somehow.
That's presumably for portability. Also, the word so far is that the only thing "touch" about it is that the middle scroll button, instead of being a tactile wheel, is touch-sensitive. According to reports, it communicates wirelessly via a USB transmitter, like Microsoft's other Arc mice.
It's expected to cost about $70 and is now rumored to launch in September — or, as Engadget reports, within 10 business days.
Updated 12:37 p.m.: Microsoft all but confirmed the Arc Touch's existence by retweeting TechFlash's report. And based on this photo, I think yesterday's @MSFTHardware tweet was just another photo of the Arc Touch.
Updated 3:20 p.m. Thursday: Photos have appeared on an official Microsoft site. Looks like it's all but confirmed.
What do you think of this mouse? Cool as hell? Just "meh"? Or "WTF"?
Two leaked photos of the Arch Touch mouse. | View photo gallery
Nick Eaton


text:
Home » New University of Arkansas research will help beef industry increase sustainability
Meat and Poultry Industry NewsSustainabilityBeef
New University of Arkansas research will help beef industry increase sustainability
KEYWORDS university of arkansas
Researchers at the University of Arkansas are conducting a lifecycle analysis of the beef industry—an in-depth look at all the factors that go into producing beef products—in order to identify ways the industry can increase sustainability and to assess how much the industry has improved over the past decade.
"Beef production is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions," said Marty Matlock, executive director of the University of Arkansas Office of Sustainability. "Increasing the sustainability of this process could have a significant impact on climate change."
The research team includes Matlock, professor of biological and agricultural engineering; Jennie Popp, associate dean of the Honors College and professor of agricultural economics and agricultural business; and Greg Thoma, professor of chemical engineering. They are working with the National Cattleman's Beef Association and the U.S. Roundtable for Sustainable Beef to analyze production practice impacts and develop recommendations to improve sustainability.
The researchers are using computer models to explore the environmental impacts of every step of the beef production process, from growing the feed, through the raising of cattle, to the processing of the meat. This analysis will allow them to identify a set of practices that will have the greatest impact on reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
In addition to identifying opportunities for improvement, the lifecycle analysis will give the researchers a detailed picture of how beef production is currently affecting greenhouse gas emissions. Similar analyses were conducted by the National Cattleman's Beef Association five years ago. By comparing their results to these studies, the researchers will be able to quantify the effects of the practices that were implemented as a result of the previous studies.
"Understanding the impact of beef production on climate change is a priority for the beef industry," said Matlock. "They want to improve efficiency and reduce impacts in a way that is driven by outcomes and informed by science."
Matlock explained that this study is just the latest example of the central role the University of Arkansas plays in developing national and international frameworks and metrics to increase sustainability, especially in the areas of agriculture and urban development.
"Where we live and what we eat, those two things determine our impact on this planet," Matlock explained. "Our team has developed many of the foundational procedures for looking at these issues, and have been doing it a long time."
Source: University of Arkansas
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"The user testing has been taken out of scope. It's too expensive/takes too long/we can't see the value in it".
Over the years I've found that user testing is often one of the first things ruled out of a project's scope. This tends to be due to varying factors - but mainly perceived expense or a lack of understanding from clients and/or client servicing.
That said, I've also been fortunate enough to work with organisations that, given a thorough understanding of the benefits, have bought into user testing on both large and small scales. I've also worked to help our client servicing teams understand the scope and benefits of user testing to help them sell it better.
I'll share my experiences of where user testing has worked well and how it was sold in, as well as some insights on the scaled offerings we have at amaze. I'll also cover bringing internal client facing teams on board, helping them sell the benefits of user testing and identify the best opportunities to offer the service.
Llara is a UX consultant at Manchester-based amaze. A proud Scanc (Scottish-Mancunian), she previously worked in UX at both Tayburn and Whitespace in Edinburgh.
Llara has been in the field for around 5 years, coming to the industry by happy accident, via marketing and social media. She has spent time both client and agency side and worked with clients in the UK and US across a range of industries, including financial services, retail, government, FMCG, FTSE100 and media.
Llara was a delegate on 2015's TRC Media Special Edition for the advancement of women in digital, and is a STEM ambassador.


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text:
Q: How can a team apply the Scrum methodology without a clear customer? Our team is trying to understand and adapt Scrum and other agile practices, but we can not figure out how to deal with customer feedback when there is no customer. Every document about the subject emphasizes how important is having the customer involved in every sprint and how having early feedback helps correcting problems fast and maximizes satisfaction to both sides. I understand clearly this point.
In our case, we have no single customer. We develop a website and a smartphone app for an already established and growing audience. I am sure this is a fairly common case so I would like to know some real world experience about how to apply and manage Scrum in this case. Do you just decide all features by yourselves or do incorporate user testing in the sprint? Any other solution?

A: We have an internal person represent the customers.  This person talks to tech support to see what customers are requesting or having problems with.  She also deals with our high-profile, mission critical customers directly.  She talks to sales as well to see what potential customers are looking for.  Based on all this feedback, she is the 'product owner' and puts forth the priorities from the backlog.

A: You need to be very clear about the difference of a Product Company, and a IT department of a company. The former is your case. We often see Scrum practices applied on the context on the second one; when you have the customer inside the company. But the first one is a totally different beast.
I have been reading about your concern and find two mayor sources having their own method but in essentially they teach the same principle: put the customer first.

*

*Steve Blank: Customer Development, see his book The Four Steps to the Epiphany

*The Silicon Valley Product Group (SVPG): and their book Inspired: How to Create Products Customers Love
I believe you will find all your answers on their work.

A: The customer is your audience. Now obviously that poses a problem, and to solve that you need to let yourselves represent the customer.
The difficulty here is being able to stand back from your work and make sure that you know what the audience really wants.
To help with this you can get user feedback, perhaps recruit some people from your audience to try out your work before you release it.
Most importantly you need data. Make sure that the changes you make are really working towards the happiness of your customers, this means statistics. Watch your numbers carefully whenever you make changes, and use that to inform how you progress.

A: The Product Owner hopefully understands the domain, users, application and can use different techniques to gather information from your current and future users.
This isn't that different from working with a large organization/enterprise. Just because there is only one entity paying the bill doesn't mean you won't be dealing with multiple managers, users and conflicting requirements. This can be worse because everyone thinks their requirements are absolute must have deal-killers.

A: Yes, in that situation someone needs to proxy the user's requirements.  You can use tools to collect user feedback like Getsatisfaction.com but someone will need to decide the requirements.  You may want to involve individual users for testing and validation but understand their requirements will vary.

A: Other answers have indicated the need for data, and for a customer proxy.
To facilitate both these, you are likely to have two potential resources available. Firstly any feedback you have received from your existing customer base - whether directly or via your  platform provider. Error logs, faqs, feature requests, and the like. I appreciate that for a smartphone app these may not be accessible to you.
The second resource is the team member who is a professional pessimist - most teams have one of these. The guy who is always full of good logical reasons why what is being proposed won't work; why what is already available is all wrong; etc. Ask them what is wrong with the app, and then winnow the answers to identify improvements you can make, that can be incorporated. Your only problem may be getting the pessimist to turn off the list of flaws.

A: Look at what other web companies do to collect iterative feedback.  This site uses a voting method to move good answers up.  Google uses the concept of "Labs" to try out new ideas.
Establish "incentives" for repeat web users to meet with you.  It can be as simple as inviting some users to talk with the lead developers.  Humanize your site with a blog from the developers.  The point here is that if you can't move the customers closer to the developers, then move the developers closer to the customer.
Having a knowledgeable product owner that meets with customers regularly is also valuable.

A: Depending on who your customer base is, and how much information you have about them (or can derive about them using companies like Lexis Nexis), one common way of addressing this dilemma is the use of "personas".  Basically you build representatives of your customers (some places actually create big cardboard mock-ups) based on data you have.  You name these personas.  You keep collecting information about their likes and wants.  Divide your customer base up into groups/tranches, and have a persona for each tranche.  If possible, you locate the real customers who most closely match each tranche and interview them.  Then, a person on the team tries to represent each persona.
It's imperfect, and it works better for information architecture (UI and stuff) than for deeper things, but it's at least an approach that has some value.  It's been around for at least 10 years now.


Cron is an Unix-like operating system software utility used to schedule automatic time-based commands. Entered commands can be in the form of Bash or Bash scripts that are meant to be automatically executed periodically at fixed times, dates or intervals.
Cron, also known as crontab (aka cron table) has a schedule formula for any minute of any day of the week, month and even any year in the future. It is perfect for scheduling repetitive commands (also known as Cron jobs, Cron entries or Cron tasks) or commands that should be executed at specific dates and times. Cron is often used for tasks like, log rotation, backup scripts, updating file indexes and running custom scripts.
All versions of Raspbian has the ability to use Cron. The reason for this post was created after realising the potential of a Raspberry Pi being a great, stand-alone device that can be used to montor and control and execute computer-related functions.
GUI-linux-based systems, e.g. Kodi's Library Auto Update Add-on, might also use the cron schedule formula to run tasks. For these, the same principles as discussed in the Cron Table layout below can be used.
The command executed for a Cron job is a piece of shell code. Everything on Linux has a shell code or terminal command. It can be anything from running a simple Bash script, or a more complex one-line Linux command. Through some searching, even commands on the GUI can be converted to terminal commands. These commands can all be added to execute on (a) specific time/date(s) or even repetitively as Cron jobs.
Running as root, Crontab entries can also be used with sudo.
One Cron table can contain many, if not all, Cron jobs in one. After creating a Cron table for the very first time, some systems will give the option to choose the default editor for editing the tables. I prefer to use nano.
Although each user on a Linux system has access to its own Crontab, e.g. on a Raspberry Pi, it often makes more sense to have one Crontab running from root. The root user has permission to run any command on any username. On Raspbian, Cron doesn't require a user to be logged in to run the jobs.
would run the logging.sh script every 10 minutes.
To create cron entries without thinking too much, Generateit.net's Cron Job Generator can also be used.
Because each command is basically a piece of shell code, a test statement can also be added to give additional control over when a command will be executed.
This will run the command on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, etc, day at 7AM/07:00, but if the month has 31 days, there will be a 3 days skip from the 30th until the 2nd day again.
Here the Cron job runs every day at 7AM/07:00, but it will only execute the command when $((($(date +%s) / 86400) % 2)) == 0. The test statement makes sure it only runs exactly every 2 days (86 400 seconds).
will run the command every minute of every day.
will run the command every minute of every day every two (or N) months. Note that for days, it is every N days in a month. For months, it is every N months in a year.
will run once every time Cron, i.e. the system, boots up.
will run once, 10 seconds after every reboot.
Many scripts will have an output. It can either be the intended output/standard message (stdout) or an error message (stderr). When an email service (e.g. SSMTP is activated, this stdout and stderr is what will be emailed to the indicated recipients.
will run 10AM/10:00 every 1st day of every month. The intended output of the script will not be send to email (but errors will still be emailed).
Similarly, by adding > /dev/null 2>&1 stderr and stdout will not be emailed.
will run every Tusday at 8AM/08:00, but with the test statement the command will only trigger at 8AM/08:00 on the first Tuesday of the every month.
It is always a good idea to make regular backups of Cron tables.
will make a backup of a specific user Crontab (e.g. in the /home/pi directory).


Mondesir arrived in the States on Monday of last week and had heart surgery on Friday (two days ago).
I posted about Mondesir's precarious situation here and here.
When Mondesir was 24 years old he had heart surgery at OSF-SFMC in Peoria where he underwent the Ross Procedure. (His sick aortic valve was replaced with his healthy pulmonic valve and his pulmonic valve was replaced with a pulmonic valve homograft.) However, over the past 15 years after surgery he developed wide open aortic insufficiency (leaky aortic valve) as well as a large 5.5 centimeter aneurysm of his ascending aorta. His main pumping chamber, the left ventricle, was failing and Mondesir was in heart failure and struggling to breathe.
On Friday the heart surgeon performed a Bentall procedure. He placed Mondesir on bypass and removed Mondesir's diseased aortic valve, aortic root, and aortic arch and replaced all of it. His aortic valve is no longer leaky and his aortic aneurysm is gone. The entire procedure took about five hours.
This heart surgeon and medical center are the only ones in the United States that accepted Mondesir to give him this second chance. Without them Mondesir had no chance at much life expectancy. Medical centers as a rule do not want people like Mondesir because they have already been operated and they worry about complications and the cost involved.
During the last several months in Haiti I discussed with Mondesir and his family the seriousness of the situation. I told him that he is high risk for surgical repair but even higher risk if we do no surgery. We also discussed putting in a mechanical valve in the aortic position versus the Bentall Procedure (which would not entail long term anticoagulation with warfarin.) Mondesir chose the Bentall and now he will not have to take and monitor warfarin for the rest of his life.
We also talked about Mondesir's two young sons and wife and where I would bury Mondesir if he did not survive surgery. All of this has to be talked about BEFORE huge heart surgery no matter how uncomfortable it is to discuss.
Once again, I am impressed with the courage of the Haitian. Mondesir looked at all of these choices objectively, chose surgery, and never blinked.
Mondesir was up and walking in CardioVascular ICU yesterday. His surgeon is very happy how he is progressing. Mondesir has has a long ways to go but he is over a big step.
Thank you to his wonderful host family and to all of you for your support of Mondesir.
A feel good story, for a change John. Hope we have more of those, my friend.
Thank YOU for all of your help over the last decade with many Haitian kids with various heart problems.
I wish all of my posts were "feel good stories"…but unfortunately they cannot be with the State of Haiti being so dysfunctional and the discrimination against Haitian Hearts patients right here in Peoria. That is a bad combination which can cost young lives no matter how much we try.
Great news. Love all the stories and the hope for Haitian people.


A number of clubs already on the beach and we will soon be joining em.
Allow sky to focus on the title race.
They didn't. Kind of. By your logic Leicester kind of got played off the park on their way to winning the title. It's not all about who had the ball for most of the game.
They have dropped like a stone. They looked safe as houses a few weeks ago.
They looked dangerous in possession in the first half; but looked clueless (and tired) in the second half despite seeing tons of the ball. The timing of Redmond's second goal -so soon after they equalised- and later the subs made all the difference IMO.
I'm glad they had Neves starting, too, as he must have tried about 6 or 7 long-range shots, none of which threatened. I'd have been very frustrated if one of our players kept shooting from range and wasting chances. Is he really being talked about at 100m?! Geez.
It seemed to me that Ralph's early-game plan was to absorb pressure, try not to give up clear chances, and hit them on the break with fast movement and slick passing. I love seeing those angled passes through defences.
Phase two, if they could get a lead, was to consolidate in midfield and force everything wide.
On a side note, how snakebitten is Yoshida? He could be sitting on 10-15 goals for the club but has been denied by woodwork and crazy saves.
I'm sure didn't mean to let them have 70%, but in someways, letting a counter-attacking side have the ball isn't the worst idea.
Excellent result - better than the actual performance but we have been due some luck.
Great subs, and changing the shape worled for the goals but also made us a lot more open.
Questions about JWP in a two are still valid IMO, he wasnt very good in the first half and we missed Romeu.
Vestergaard very good I thought, he has really come on since the Cardiff mistake.
For me Sims is a much better sub than starter, but good work for both goals.
Redmomd our POTS by a country mile - hope we can keep him and extend his contract this summer.
He's a totally different player under Ralph and a huge part of the team, and I'd probably pick him as well.
But not by a country mile. Hojberg has been excellent, and has become a real leader on the pitch - something we lacked. Beyond him, JWP has contributed a key role and not just key goals, and it's no coincidence that our backline improved significantly when Yoshida came back into the reckoning after being inexplicably omitted for so long. And it's great to see the old Romeu back.
Sorry but the fact that he had a hand in 2 goals kind of makes your opinion that he's a better sub void as it would have to mean he makes more than 2 goals as a sub !?
Thought we rode our luck at times game swung our way when Long and Rom came on..
Think we defended very well today. Good tactics from Ralph when he made the subs and changed the shape. For all Wolves' possession they really struggled to create anything. Reminds me of us a couple of seasons ago against the lesser teams where we had all the ball and could not break them down.
Great finishes from Redmond, a player transformed. Also good contribution from Sims!
Felt the atmosphere in the crowd mirrored the team up until the third goal, very nervy as it all pointed towards a Wolves' equaliser. Once we scored we settled down and the fans cranked it all up.
I now have an even bigger man crush on Ralph after today.
Cheers for the new players insight Manji.
Last edited by trousers; 13-04-2019 at 05:02 PM.
Woah ! Name names please !
Well that's interesting considering that we haven't replaced Reed. Any idea who's compiling the list of targets and priorities, or has there been a Ralph-centric change in approach?
I know eh? Crazy how often he gets totally robbed.
Also JV must be due a powerful headed goal from a corner, he absolutely launches himself at the ball.
JWP instantly better once he was shifted up. Poses a bit of a conundrum for RH.
If Ralph had been here at the start of the season we would now have 52 points based on his average and be sat in 7th spot 5 points ahead of Leicester. I exclude Cardiff away because he had no time to influence that game. The man has worked miracles.
They look vulnerable to me. Knockaert being suspended will be a blow for them as well.
Last edited by Micky; 13-04-2019 at 05:32 PM.
Losing him for three games, including Tuesday against Cardiff, may be even worse than the result for Brighton.
He should have gone in the first minute of the Palace game but there was no avoiding it today.
Sims 2 assists in first half, and really should have scored also. Not a good starter???
You took the words right off my fingertips!
All I know is there is a full restructuring. They are sacking a lot of the fans due to laundry costs.
Last edited by manji; 13-04-2019 at 05:45 PM.
May have already been highlighted but Brighton have some horrible fixtures left. Lose to Cardiff and they could be in real trouble.
Cracking results all around really, Brighton must be bricking it after their results against us and today.
Excellent performances from Redmond, Sims, Valery and Yoshida. Romeu was also decent when he came on, I didn't think Hoj and JWP were having a particularly good game until he came on.
Three decent goals, three points. We could finish as high as 11th with our head to heads against BOU, WHU and NEW. Onwards and upwards.
Don't start thinking I'm an insider . Just get reliable information occasionally. " lined up " was the phrase used . Clearly I asked for names.
A lot of them will be from Ralph's contacts.
I'm verry happy! When manager made those subs I thought 'Why the hell is he taking those players off?'.
I guess that's why he's the manager and not me.
The subs were spot on - Ings looked leggy and was chasing down shadows up top with little service; Sims had run his game; and Romeu certainly was required down the middle.
OK, Deal. I won't start thinking you are an insider or even have a clue what you are talking about. Normal forum stuff.
"Southampton have won eight of their 18 Premier League games under Ralph Hassenhuttl, as many as they had won in 52 games under their two previous permanent managers combined"
Not off-side, played on by a player on the other side of the box, ( Traore ? ). Whilst Long deserved, amd needed, the goal, the credit must go to Yoshida for his persistance following his attempted overhead kick.
I had the same reaction to Long's goal watching it on the telly, but it was Traore who played him on. Wasn't that close.
They may have had the points but they have looked the team most likely to fail for a long time now. The way they have been playing they have been in terminal decline, and Houghton does not have the wherewithall or the squad depth to turn it around. Said it weeks ago when people were leaving them out of the mix for the run in. With their remaining fixtures Cardiff may yet still pip them, their midweek game is the key, a Cardiff win and I suspect Brighton might well go down.
So great to have a manager who can play several systems, and change as needed. Starting out set up to defend strongly and hit them on the break with the speed and running of Redmond, Sims, and Ings, got us two good goals, and could easily have had two more if Sims had had a little more composure, which I think will come with more games. It did allow Wolves to control the midfield, so around the hour mark we bring on Romeu and Long, and never looked back: began to boss the midfield, got a good third goal off a Prowsey corner, and looked in no danger after that. A nervy game at times, but you always felt Ralph knew what he was doing, and a great win. Can't wait for next season, and seeing what Ralph can really do.
Wolves fans will be furious. It was Traore walking back that played him onside. As soon as he saw the ball break to Long he made a pathetic attempt to step out and play him offside but it was too late.


text:
Q: It seems to me that my UIWebView is behind other views I am adding a new uiwebview in order to login.
One day(After updating to iOS9, but I think that this is not the reason) I failed to show this uiwebview.
So, what can I do to be sure, that my view is at the top ?
Is there any way to programmatically get it higher ?

A: *

*(void)bringSubviewToFront:(UIView * _Nonnull)view

Use this on the superview of your UIWebView:
eg:
[self.view bringSubviewToFront:self.webView];


The CCB's invitation to Kari is the result of a petition in which he was accused of not declaring his assets upon his assumption of office as Head of NAICOM.
The letter addressed to the trio was titled: 'Investigation Activities: Re: Breach of the Code of Conduct for Public Officers', and read: "I am directed to refer to the Bureau's letter no CCB/HQ/II&M/007/1834, dated 1st April 2019, on the above stated subject matter, and to inform you of the scheduled date for your interview as follows: Thursday, 11th April 2019. Time: 11 am prompt (for Kari) Venue: Conference Room, 5th Floor, Annex 3, Federal Secretariat Complex, Shehu Shagari Way, Maitama, Abuja.


text:
Історія видобутку і використання нафти

Нафта у Давньому світі
Нафту люди виявили й почали використовувати ще в VI—V тис. до Р. Х., але тільки зовсім недавно — у другій половині ХІХ ст. її видобуток досяг промислових масштабів, а в ХХ ст. разом із природним газом становив основу паливно-енергетичного балансу світу.

Імовірно «біля витоків нафтової річки» стояли давні народи Месопотамії, оскільки найдавніші ознаки використання нафтопродуктів були виявлені археологами в середній і нижній течії Тигру та Євфрату (території сучасного Іраку, Ірану, Кувейту). Шумери використовували загустілі продукти нафтового вивітрювання (бітум, асфальт), що виступали на поверхні землі, здебільшого як будівельний матеріал. Його додавали до суміші глини, піску й гравію, з якої робили цеглу підвищеної міцності. Ним же скріплювали кам'яні мури (бітумна в'язка), покривали дороги (по суті це були перші асфальтові дороги в історії людства), укріплювали береги штучних водойм а також обмазували днища човнів, забезпечуючи таким чином їх водонепроникність. Рідку нафту (як паливо світильників) широко застосовували для освітлення приміщень. Нафту жителі Межиріччя вважали цілющою — бітумними мазями лікували нариви, коросту, ваннами у нафтових купелях намагалися позбутися болів у суглобах.

Найдавніші письмові згадки використання нафтопродуктів у Месопотамії спостерігаємо у шумерському «Епосі про Гільгамеша» і «Епосі про Атрахасиса», створених у III—II тис. до Р. Х. На глиняних табличках викладена історія всесвітнього потопу й порятунку людей у дерев'яному човні-ковчезі, обсмоленому асфальтом. Будування величезного корабля перетворилось на спільну справу підданих царя-рятівника Зіусудри.

Згадки нафти й близьких до неї продуктів спостерігаємо також у Біблії. Свідчення про потоп повторюють шумерську версію про корабель спасіння: «І рече Бог Ною: Зроби собі ковчег із соснового дерева; гнізда поробиш у ковчезі та й посмолиш його з середини й назовні смолою» («Перша книга Мойсея», 6:14). Як бачимо, подібне застосування асфальту практикувалося в Давньому світі дуже широко. Навіть кошик, в якому мати Мойсея відправила сина-немовля по водах Нилу, вона попередньо осмолила асфальтом, забезпечивши тим його водонепроникність. Під час зведення Вавилонської вежі (й багатьох інших споруд міста, званого «Брама Бога») застосовувались бітумні в'яжучі матеріали: «І стала в них цегла замість каменів, а земляна смола замість вапна» («Перша книга Мойсея», 11:3). За свідченням «Книги пророка Даниїла» вавилонський цар Навуходоносор опалював нафтою гігантську піч, у яку кидали всіх, хто не вклонявся золотому ідолу.

Археологічні артефакти Давнього Єгипту також свідчать про використання нафтопродуктів, хоча в менших, ніж у Месопотамії, обсягах. Здебільшого — це осмолення човнів, освітлення будинків (знайдена значна кількість глиняних ламп, заповнених твердим бітумом, тобто висохлою нафтою), мастильні матеріали, ліки, складова сумішей для бальзамування.

До сьогодні збереглися артефакти, які підтверджують використання нафти у Стародавній Індії. На руїнах давньоіндійського міста Мохенджо-Даро був виявлений величезний басейн, побудований у III тис. до Р. Х., дно і стіни якого були вкриті шаром асфальту.

У Давньому Китаї (з середини II тис. до Р. Х.) нафту застосовували для освітлення, як ліки, мастило і (можливо вперше в історії людства) у військових цілях. Під час правління династії Хань (з кінця III ст. до Р. Х. до III ст. нашої ери) були відкриті славетні нафтові родовища на півночі Шеньсі (Центральний Китай). У тогочасних китайських літописах (зокрема в «Історії другої Ханської династії», написаної в V ст.) нафта названа «палаючою водою». Серед іншого тут повідомляється, що в повіті Янчан нафта прорвалася в озеро й збирали її з човнів, черпаючи з водної поверхні; у провінції Ганьсу фонтанувало джерело жирної як олій води, яка горіла яскравим полум'ям.

Воїни Давнього Китаю готували спеціальні «палаючі бомби» — горщики з запаленою нафтою, які кидали на ворога. У середньовічному «Історико-географічному описі» Лі Цзи-Пу описана облога тюркськими племенами одного з китайських центрів нафтового промислу міста Цзюцюань. Перемогу городяни здобули завдяки знищенню облогових знарядь тюрків за допомогою нафтових «палаючих бомб». Відоме також успішне застосування китайцями нафти в середньовічних баталіях на воді (для підпалення ворожих човнів).

Здебільшого видобуток нафти в Китаї (як і в інших регіонах світу) здійснювали колодязним способом. Знаменно, що саме в Китаї в ранньому середньовіччі, використовуючи досвід буріння свердловин на соляних промислах, вперше почали видобуток нафти із свердловин. Нафту використовували також як паливо при випарюванні солі з природних розсолів. Крім того, асфальт широко застосовували під час будівництва Великого китайського муру.

Античний світ був добре знайомий з корисними властивостями нафтопродуктів, завозив їх із країн Сходу й застосовував у промислах, медицині, побуті та на війні. Античні мислителі Геродот, Теофраст, Пліній, Плутарх, Діоскорид у своїх творах описували родовища нафтопродуктів, їх властивості та застосування. Зокрема Геродот описав родовища бітуму на острові Занті, а Діоскорид — родовища Сицилії, нафта з яких називалася «сицилійським маслом» і широко застосовувалася в освітлювальних лампах. З праць Вітрувія ми дізнаємося щодо родовищ рідкісних бітумів-нафт у Індії, Ефіопії, Карфагені, Аполлонії та Сирії. Давньогрецький лікар Гіппократ залишив багато медичних рецептів, в яких нафта змішувалася з салом, сіркою, вином та іншими речовинами. Пліній зазначав, що під час облоги давнього міста Лукулла, його мешканці для свого захисту виливали з кріпосних мурів палаючу нафту на загарбників.

Вельми цікаві описи Геродота колодязних способів видобутку нафти, занотовані ним на Євфраті: «З цього колодязя вичерпують асфальт, сіль (тобто пісок) і олій наступним чином. Асфальт вичерпують за допомогою колодязного журавля, а замість відра причіпляють до нього підлогу винного бурдюка. Зануривши бурдюк, зачерпують ним рідину і виливають у посудину. Потім рідину переливають у іншу посудину, де вона розкладається на три складові частини. Асфальт та сіль негайно ж осідають» («Історія», Кн. VI). Ось що Геродот пише про загадковий «олій» (нафту — авт.): «Перси називають його "раданака", він чорного кольору з неприємним запахом».

Нафту зберігали в звичайних земляних ямах, а перевозили в шкіряних бурдюках на верблюжих горбах. Описані Геродотом способи видобутку, зберігання й транспортування нафти майже не змінилися протягом двох тисячоліть.

Пліній писав, що під час облоги міст на Сході мешканці скидали на нападників із мурів міста горщики з палаючої сумішшю нафти і сірки. Перси в ті часи занурювали свої стріли в цю суміш, щоб запалити їх. Нафта і бітум змішували з сіркою, наповнювали цією сумішшю маленькі чаші і отримували запальні «снаряди». Мистецтво застосування нафти у військовій справі було настільки розвинене, що рецепт для виготовлення самозапалювального вогню, до складу якого входив «гірський рідкий дьоготь» наводиться у енциклопедії Юлія Африканця (III ст. до Р. Х.).

Плутарх у хроніці завоювань Олександра Македонського (IV ст. до Р. Х.) описав, як воїни цього полководця вперше побачили в Прикаспії нафту. Це була, за словами літописця, густа і жирна рідина. Коли вичерпали поверхневий шар, з джерела вдарив світлий і чистий струмінь рідини, що ні за смаком, ні за запахом не відрізнялася від оливкової олії. У цьому «диві» Олександр Македонський побачив знак вищих сил. Ця легенда — історичний приклад сакралізації надр і їхніх дарів у давні часи.

Нафту видобували й широко застосовували в Боспорській державі (Північне Причорномор'я). За даними професора В. П. Обручева керченські нафтові джерела були відомі вже в перші століття нашої ери, що підтверджують амфори з висохлою нафтою, знайдені поблизу сучасної Керчі.

Візантійські джерела зберегли багато прикладів застосування нафти у військовій справі. Так, згідно з історичними хроніками, у 673 р. по Христу під час арабської облоги Царгорода (Константинополя), коли флот арабів підійшов до міста, візантійці вилили в море величезну кількість горючої нафтовмісної суміші й запалили її. Вогонь швидко поширився поверхнею моря й охопив судна ворога. У такий спосіб візантійці знищили флот арабів і здобули перемогу.

Значимим винаходом Візантії, який визначив долю цілого ряду битв і навіть воєн, був «грецький вогонь», до складу якого входила нафта. Київський літопис «Повість временних літ» у описі невдалого морського походу князя Ігоря на Царгород (941 р.) відзначає обстріл «грецьким вогнем» (посудинами з палаючою сумішшю) києво-руського флоту. Одиниці киян, що врятувалися, порівнювали в своїх оповідях цю зброю з «блискавками, що на небесах».

Ось як описує Жан де Жуанвіль, хронікер сьомого хрестового походу, проведеного французьким королем Людовиком IX у 1248—1254 рр., дію грецького вогню: «…Його снаряд величезний як посудина для оцту, і хвіст, що тягнеться позаду, — схожий на гігантський спис. Політ його супроводжувався страшним шумом, подібним до грому небесного. Грецький вогонь в повітрі був подібний до дракона, що летить у небі. Од нього виходило таке яскраве світло, що, здавалося, над табором зійшло сонце. Причиною тому були величезна вогненна маса і блиск, що знаходилися у ньому».

Один з численних рецептів «грецького вогню», які греки зберігали в найглибшій таємниці, гласив: «Візьми чисту сірку, нафту, винний камінь, смолу, кухонну сіль, деревну олію, добре провари всі вкупі, просочи цим складом клоччя і підпали — такий вогонь можна погасити лише піском або винним оцтом.»

Імовірно найбільшу відомість з часів раннього середньовіччя отримали сталі розробки нафтопродуктів на Апшеронському півострові (Азербайджан), які розпочалися ще за кілька сторіч до Христа. Перські джерела III—IV ст. свідчать, що апшеронську нафту вивозили до Персії (значною мірою як лікувальний засіб), звідки вона розповсюджувалася в інші країни Сходу.

У часи високого середньовіччя (з VIII по XIII ст.) спостерігаємо численні письмові згадки Апшерону в арабських вчених (Баладзорі, Масуді, Істахрі-Абу, Абу-Дулаф, Бекран та ін.), які описували самовилив нафти на поверхню та ранній колодязний видобуток на Апшеронському півострові. Так Масуді у своєму творі «Середня книга» (перша половина Х ст.) відзначає, що «…в Баку було два головних джерела: з одного добувалася жовта і біла нафта, а з другого — чорна і синя. Прибуток з кожного джерела становив понад тисячу дирхемів на рік». Масуді й Істахрі, які відвідали район Баку в Х ст., зазначали, що нафта й газ використовувалися для нагрівання води, приготування їжі, обпалення вапна, у військових та медичних цілях. Венеційський купець і мандрівник Марко Поло, який імовірно побував на Апшеронському півострові в другій половині XIII ст., зазначав у своїй «Книзі про різноманітність світу» про нафтові джерела, які били тут з такою силою, що протягом однієї години можна було завантажити сотні човнів. Він також згадує спорудження нафтових колодязів і черпання з них нафти.

Постійним супутником нафти був горючий газ, який утворював також і самостійні родовища. Його могли спостерігати одночасно з відкриттям нафтових покладів, але почали використовувати значно пізніше. Рухаючись по тріщинах у гірських масивах, природний газ іноді запалювався й утворював «вічні» вогні, які набули широкого розповсюдження в Месопотамії, Прикаспії, Персії, Індії, Китаї. Плутарх вказував на роками палаючі світочі поблизу давнього Екбатана (сучасний Хамадан в Ірані), Пліній описував полум'я, що виривається з-під землі, в багатьох місцевостях Сходу, давні китайські автори згадували вогняні колодязі в горах Південно-Західного Сичуаню.

Незбагнена природа цих вогнів сприяла сакральним уявленням щодо їхнього походження. Вогнепоклонники вшановували їх як божественні прояви, будували поряд з ними свої храми. Особливості цієї релігійної культури пов'язані передусім з Індією (у найдавніших гімнах Ригведи оспівувався бог вогню Агні) та Персією, де шанування вогню, поєднане з поклонінням сонцю, отримало розвиток у вченні Заратустри. Завдяки невгасимим вогням один з найдавніших храмів вогнепоклонників було збудовано в V ст. у Суруханах (поблизу Баку), де газові факели палали безперервно понад півтора тисячоліття, до 70-х років XIX ст.

Найдавніші свідоцтва застосування газу як палива походять з Китаю й датуються початком нової ери. У трактаті «Хоу хань шу» повідомляється, що в Ліньцюні (провінція Сичуань) задля пошуку газу був споруджений колодязь глибиною 23 чжана (74 м), в якому десятиріччями палав вогонь. Місцеві жителі зрозуміли природні властивості газу й видобували його поруч з вогняними колодязями (або безпосередньо з них). Вчений Чжан Хуа в трактаті «Боу чжи» («Опис царства природи») і поет Цзо Си в «Шу ду фу» («Ода столиці Шу»), що свідчать про використання природного газу для випарювання солі (ці твори написані в III ст. по Христу). До пальників печей газ подавався від джерел бамбуковим трубопроводом. Згодом ці технології були втрачені. Сичуанські вогняні колодязі були знов «відкриті» в XVII ст. і використовувалися на місцевих солеварнях аж до нашого часу.

Ніде інде горючий газ практично не застосовували до початку XIX ст., коли ним почали освітлювати міські вулиці та майдани. Перші освітлювальні пальники з'явилися в Лондоні, але вони використовували не природний, а штучний газ, отриманий з вугілля. Щодо природного газу, то показовою ілюстрацією його використання в XIX ст. може слугувати вогняний колодязь у центрі Астрахані, який було обнесено огорожею й показувано як місцеву пам'ятку (лише сторож використовував його з утилітарною метою — готував на вогні сніданок). У Європі природний газ було виявлено в другій половині XIX ст. під час буріння свердловин на нафту. З 1872 р. він почав використовуватися в промисловості, залишаючись побічним продуктом нафтовидобутку. Тоді ж розпочалося й будівництво газопроводів.

Перше європейське газове родовище було відкрите лише 1910 р., коли в передмістях Гамбурга була пробурена глибинна свердловина в пошуках питної води. Газ, що піднявся на поверхню з глибини близько 250 м, запалав і вирвався назовні у вигляді вогненних фонтанів, на які люди, що спостерігали за бурінням, зачаровано дивилися, як на унікальне диво природи. За період 1913—1930 рр. на цьому родовищі було видобуто 250 млн м3 газу. Загалом з 20-х років ХХ ст. природний газ приходить на великі промислові підприємства як хімічна сировина й розпочинає поступове сходження на вершину паливно-енергетичного Олімпу.

Отже, попри давнє знайомство людини з нафтопродуктами й природним газом, їх видобуток і розповсюдження тривалий час були істотно обмежені відносно вузькою областю застосування, яка ще більше скоротилася після винаходу пороху й вилученням нафтопродуктів з арсеналу військових потреб. Зосередження найбільших і легкодоступних родовищ нафти й газу в країнах Сходу призвела до запізнення європейських країн у використанні цих мінеральних ресурсів, тим більше, що для їх заміщення тривалий час використовували рослинні чи тваринні складники. Індустріальна епоха відкрила нові форми застосування цих продуктів, радикально змінивши потреби в рідких і газоподібних вуглеводнях.

Перші центри промислового видобутку нафти

Західна Україна

Докладніше у статті Історія нафтогазовидобування в Західній Україні

Нафтопрояви в Українських Карпатах місцеве населення спостерігало з давніх-давен, що позначилося на топонімах, які походять від автохтонної назви нафти — ропа: Роп'янка, Ріпне, Ропиця та ін. В Україні нафту вперше почали видобувати на Прикарпатті в XVI — на початку XVII ст. (для порівняння — в Російській імперії промислове видобування нафти розпочато в 60-х роках XIX ст. в районі Баку, Азербайджан). Але ще в XVI ст. м. Дрогобич отримало привілей на освітлення вулиць «скельним олієм».

Перша згадка про карпатську нафту зустрічається в літературі 1617 р. На старовинному промислі Слобода Рунгунська її добували в 1711 р. На початку XIX ст. нафтові поклади було відкрито в смузі від Добромиля через Дрогобич до Кут і далі до Румунії. Бориславське нафтогазове родовище почали розробляти в 1854 р. Нафтові ями тут розміщували переважно вздовж р. Тисмениці. У 1865 р. в Бориславі функціонувало близько 5 тис. ям глибиною 35—40 м. Добова продуктивність однієї копанки досягала 130—140 кг. У 1855—1865 рр. вартість щорічного видобутку нафти та озокериту в Галичині оцінювалася в 15 млн золотих. У 1865 р. за межі Галичини вивезено 150 т нафти.

У 1870 р. видобуток нафти у Бориславі досяг 10,6 тис. т. Тут діяло близько 800 дрібних підприємств, на яких працювало майже 10 тис. робітників. Розширюється нафтовидобуток і на Станіславщині. У 1871 р. в Слободі Рунгурській, що біля Печеніжина, закладено шахту, яка давала нафту. У 1886 р. у Бориславі розпочато буріння свердловин механічним ударним способом. Пробурено перших 9 свердловин з добовим дебітом 4 т. У 1893 р. у Бориславі вперше розпочато буріння свердловин канатним способом. Вже у 1894 р. перші свердловини дали до 150 т. нафти на добу. свердловинний спосіб видобутку повністю витісняє колодязний. Глибина свердловин досягає 800 м. і більше. Деякі свердловини дають фонтани до 3 тисяч т. нафти на добу з глибини понад 1000 м.

«Галицька Каліфорнія» — Борислав приваблювала підприємців з усієї Європи і світу. Видобуток нафти зростає. У 1906 р. у Бориславському нафтовому районі було видобуто 562 тис. т нафти, а в 1909 р. — понад 1,9 млн т.

Апшерон (Азербайджан)

Див. докладніше Історія нафтогазовидобування на Апшероні

Сталий видобуток нафтопродуктів у Прикаспії розпочався вже за кілька сторіч до Христа, причому, за свідченнями перських і арабських джерел, кустарні промисли на Апшеронському півострові майже не припинялися протягом усього середньовіччя. Недаремно сама назва країни Азербайджан означає «земля вогню» або «захищена вогнем» (походить від пожеж на стародавніх виходах нафти та газу й сакралізації цього полум'я сектами вогнепоклонників). Карти Каспійського моря з'являються в Європі, починаючи з XVI ст., зокрема карта англійця Е. Дженкінсона (1562 р.) та голландця Я. Стрейса (1675 р.), який у книзі «Три подорожі» згадував каспійські розробки нафти. Перший ґрунтовний опис бакинського нафтового промислу було зроблено 1683 р. німецьким натуралістом Е. Кемпфером, секретарем шведського посольства в Персії (в цей час видобуток сягав близько 700 пудів нафти за добу). Перша карта Апшеронського півострова з докладними позначками нафтових колодязів була створена військовими картографами російської армії 1729 р. Після укладення Гюлістанського миру з Персією (1813 р.) більша частина Азербайджану відійшла до складу Російської імперії, що спричинило поступове залучення бакинської нафти в процеси промислового розвитку Росії. 1813 р. майже всі нафтові колодязі належали бакинському ханові Гусейну. 1825 р. їх було залучено до російської скарбниці й надано у платне використання відкупнику Тарумову (в цей рік 102 колодязі дали 240 тис. пудів нафти), пізніше основними орендарями стають промисловці брати Мірзоєви, Кокорев, Губонін та ін. При цьому державна Дирекція бакинських і ширванських нафтових та соляних промислів зберігала контроль за «належним утриманням нафтових колодязів, за видобутком нафти, доставлянням її в Баку та продажем у місцях, для того призначених». Казенна одкупна система проіснувала до 1872 р. і за імператорським наказом Олександра II була замінена «Правилами нафтового промислу», які впровадили приватну власність на ділянки родовищ і видобувні виробки. 1873 р. проведено перший аукціон з продажу ділянок нафтових родовищ на Апшероні.

Північна Америка

Див. докладніше Історія нафтогазовидобування у США
Уже в XVII—XVIII ст. колонізатори величезних просторів Північної Америки натрапляли на природні джерела нафти, а буріння неглибоких свердловин на воду іноді відкривало шлях до нафтових покладів. Нафту використовували здебільшого як освітлювальний олій. Зародження нафтової промисловості США відбулося наприкінці 50-х років XIX ст., коли перша нафтова компанія «Сенека Ойл оф Коннектикут», очолювана Е. Дрейком, знайшла багату нафту у Пенсильванії (родовище Ойл-Крік). Їх перша свердловина, пройдена 1859 р. ударно-канатним способом на глибину 21,2 м, дала нафтовий фонтан зі сталим дебітом до 3,5 т на добу. Місце буріння було зумовлене наявністю поблизу природного нафтового джерела. Протягом 1860 р. одна із свердловин поблизу Титусвілля забезпечила майже 60 тис. т «чорного золота», довівши надзвичайно великий потенціал свердловинних технологій видобутку. Одна з найпотужніших нафтових свердловин Пенсильванії була пробурена 1886 р. поблизу Пітсбурга, і протягом майже двох місяців виносила на поверхню 1200 т нафти на добу. Уже 1873 р. видобуток нафти в Пенсільванії сягнув одного мільйона тонн, забезпечивши США світову першість нафтовидобутку (бакинські родовища лише на початку ХХ ст. на якийсь час випередили американські).

Див. також
 Історія нафтогазовидобування на Західній Україні
 Історія нафтогазовидобування на Апшероні
 Історія нафтогазовидобування у США
 Історія нафтогазовидобування на Близькому Сході
 Історія нафтогазовидобування в Росії
 Пік нафти
 Хронологія видобутку нафти і газу та розвитку світової нафтової промисловості
 Колодязний видобуток нафти

Література
 Гайко Г. І., Білецький В. С. Історія гірництва: Підручник. — Київ-Алчевськ: Видавничий дім «Києво-Могилянська академія», видавництво «ЛАДО» ДонДТУ, 2013. — 542 с.
 Історія відкриття і використання нафти і газу та їх походження
 Історія та перспективи нафтогазовидобудування: навч. посіб. / В. С. Білецький, Г. І. Гайко, В. М. Орловський. — 2-ге вид., випр. і доп. — Львів: Новий Світ-2000, 2019. — 302 с. — ISBN 978-617-7519-33-0
 Фільм «Енергетична стратегія — шлях у майбутнє»
 Білецький В. С., Гайко Г.І, Орловський В. М. Історія та перспективи нафтогазовидобування: Навчальний посібник / В. С. Білецький та ін. — Харків, НТУ «ХПІ»; Київ, НТУУ «КПІ імені Ігоря Сікорського»; Полтава, ПІБ МНТУ ім. академіка Ю. Бугая. — Київ: ФОП Халіков Р. Х., 2019.

Історія освоєння мінеральних ресурсів
Нафтова промисловість

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Would you walk down the aisle with these?
WEDDINGS are expensive - and from bouquets to decorations, flowers alone can rack up a huge bill.
But it seems brides across the globe are coming up with quirky alternatives after one person has invented the latest wedding trend - the balloon bridal bouquet.
Would you walk down the aisle with a balloon bouquet?
Posted by a user on a Facebook wedding shaming group, the colourful styles are pretty impressive - despite the disapproval from the majority of the group.
The colourful designs feature long-stemmed flowers, tied with a cute balloon bow.
"What do we think of balloon bouquets? Hard pass." The woman wrote, sharing a selection of images.
Others agreed, with several brides-to-be horrified at the thought of walking down the aisle with rubber flowers.
One wrote: "These are so f*****g rage-inducing and I don't know why.
While another commented: "Imagine trying to toss the bouquet."
One suggested they would be great for a kids' party or a "clown wedding" while others were pretty impressed, but admitted they wouldn't have them at a wedding.
Several users had serious concerns about the "squeaking" of the balloons.
One wrote: "Wouldn't they squeak as you walk down the aisle?
"I can just imagine them making that horrible balloon noise when they all squish together."
While another said: "Just think of the squeaks every time someone adjusts their hands."
If you do fancy getting your hands on a balloon bouquet, Prezzy Box is selling a yellow, orange and white design - tied with a red bow - for just £22.99.
Earlier this week, we told you about the bride-to-be slammed for planning her wedding and sending out RSVPs BEFORE her boyfriend has proposed.
We also revealed a list of 12 strict rules for bridesmaids including 'never be drunker than the bride' and 'don't complain' sparks heated debate online.
And we told you about the woman who was diagnosed with breast cancer a WEEK before her big day but kept it a secret because she didn't want pity.


Tula Tula is tops! SA Film heading for top honours at US Film Fest.
Fact! South African movies rock!
According to Channel 24, the locally produced film Tula Tula has been nominated a whopping 12 times for the 168 Film Festival in Los Angeles, to be held in September.
Tula Tula is a medical thriller telling the plight of medical doctors in Africa. Director Shane Vermooten told Channel 24: "during the research for this film we spoke to doctors who told us of the horrific decisions that rural hospitals are often forced to make, such as, who receives medicine and who doesn't and therefore ultimately, who lives and who dies". He adds, "this is made more heartbreaking by the fact that Malaria is both preventable and curable; but mismanagement, corruption and greed, at all levels in the supply chain, from the pharmaceutical companies, governments, and distributors, to doctors prevent the drugs from reaching those in need".
Shane is nominated for best director at the festival but the film has also gained nominations for Best Actor, Best Supporting Actor, Best Production Design, Best Film, Best International Film, Best Screenplay, Best Sound Design, Best Make-up and Best-behind-the-scenes.
Good luck guys! We can't wait to see all the award you grabbed when you get home.


text:
Portlaoise man paranoid after too much drink and intimidated elderly man in street
aggressive motoring label here shouting abusive drugs
A Portlaoise man has been ordered to write a letter of apology and pay compensation after intimidating an elderly man in the street.
Clive Greene (27), 73 O'Moore Place, Portlaoise, was charged with threatening or abusive behaviour, and failure to comply with the gardaí.
Sgt JJ Kirby gave evidence that on December 23 last, at 1.25am on Main Street, Portlaoise, the accused was having an argument with an elderly gentleman who seemed to be intimidated.
The gardaí intervened and the accused became abusive towards them. He banged on the patrol car and asked the gardaí "what the f**k do you want?" He was directed to leave the scene, but told the gardaí to f**k off.
The accused had 20 previous convictions.
Defence, Ms Josephine Fitzpatrick said her client should have more sense.
She said he had been out socially to see a band, but drank too much and got paranoid.
The other man was walking past him and the accused took umbrage at the way he was looking at him.
Ms Fitzpatrick said the accused had been engaging with Merchants Quay and asked that the case be adjourned for him to continue with his treatment, as he "wishes to turn a corner with his addictions".
"He did not intend to cause the trouble he did," said Ms Fitzpatrick.
Judge Staines said that the accused was doing quite well to address his issues, so she agreed to adjourn the matter to June 6 for him to continue with residential treatment. She also directed the accused to write a letter of apology and pay €200 compensation.