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Anh-Minh Le | August 31, 2017 | Story Tech World News and Features
Among the founding members of the nonprofit Project Include are Ellen Pao, Erica Joy Baker and Laura I. Gómez.
Laura I. Gómez.
Ellen Pao.
Erica Joy Baker.
In the wake of the March 27, 2015, verdict, no one would have blamed Ellen Pao for retreating into the shadows or taking a very long vacation. Since the day three years earlier when she announced that she was filing a gender discrimination suit against her employer Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, one of Silicon Valley's most storied venture capital firms, the spotlight had shone harshly on Pao. "I knew that it was the first time the doors were being opened in this very secretive culture," says Pao during a break in the photo shoot for this article. "And I knew that these stories were important." The closely watched monthlong trial illuminated issues of sexism and harassment, along with the lack of diversity, that had long plagued the tech industry.
After a San Francisco jury cleared Kleiner Perkins of wrongdoing, Pao—now perceived as a pioneer by some and a pariah by others—entertained the oh-so-fleeting thought of hopping on a plane, maybe to Hawaii, where a friend suggested she could lay low. "I was a little bit tempted," Pao says, "but there's still so much work to be done. And I wanted to not disappear. I thought it would be better if I came out of this and showed people that you can go through all of this and still be productive and contribute." At the time of the trial's conclusion, Pao was the interim CEO of reddit, a position she held until July 2015. In 2016, she began working on a book, Reset: My Fight for Inclusion and Lasting Change, which comes out Sept. 19. And this past January, she was named a partner and chief officer of diversity and inclusion (or D&I) at Kapor Capital, the venture capital investment arm of the Kapor Center for Social Impact, run by Freada Kapor Klein and her husband, Mitch Kapor.
Pao's championing of D&I extends beyond her role with Kapor Capital. Propelled by the support she received during her high-profile litigation, in the spring of 2016, she and seven fellow women in tech—including Kapor Klein—launched Project Include, a nonprofit that provides CEOs with recommendations and tools for cultivating more inclusive work environments. The founders range from engineers to entrepreneurs, all of whom have devoted copious hours outside of their day jobs to what is essentially a volunteer endeavor. "[The trial] was part of what inspired Project Include—this notion that it wasn't a one-off," Pao says. The problems she faced at Kleiner Perkins weren't unique to that firm, nor to the venture capital sector in general. "This was really something that was so broad and so deep that people would come up to me with tears in their eyes and they would recount their own experiences. I think sharing my story so publicly helped people feel more comfortable with their own experiences and realize this was not something they had done wrong. … This was something that was much more systemic."
As the idea for Project Include germinated, one of the first women Pao reached out to was Erica Joy Baker, an engineer who had already established herself as an advocate for D&I. "I picked people who had spoken up, who had taken risks and who had built their own platforms," Pao says. In 2015, Baker gained notoriety for a spreadsheet she devised while employed at Google. In the document, co-workers shared information about their pay, gender and ethnicity. About 48 hours after the spreadsheet's creation, Baker was called into a meeting with her manager. Apparently, the experiment in salary transparency had not gone over well with higher-ups. Baker soon left Google for Slack. (Following the August uproar over Google engineer James Damore's internal memo asserting that the low number of women working in tech was rooted in biological traits, Baker tells me that she was not surprised by the content. "Views like Damore's have been shared within Google before, albeit more quietly," she says, adding: "I suspect in this case the leak of and public response to the doc had more to do with his firing. It would greatly hamper any efforts Google was making around D&I if they did anything less than fire Damore.")
Although her role at Slack involved spending 20 percent of her time on D&I, ironically, according to Baker, her responsibilities may have hindered her professional advancement. "I was the one who was always passing the issues up the chain of leadership, so they viewed me as the troublemaker instead of the messenger," she says. "That wasn't everybody, but there were definitely people at the company who believed that." After two years at Slack, her last day with the startup was in June. For Baker, when it comes to potential employers, "the path to leadership" is a priority.
It's no surprise, then, that Project Include emphasizes fostering a workplace where employees feel not just fairly compensated, but listened to and valued. "I was seeing so much effort being put into the diversity piece," says Baker. "Millions of dollars are being spread around the Valley on getting people in the door, but we don't have a lot of work happening when people get there. I was really adamant that the work we were doing be focused on that." Indeed, a number of corporations have made monetary commitments to diversity in recent years: In 2015, Intel, Apple and Google announced that they would earmark $300 million, $50 million and $150 million, respectively. And in June 2016, the White House enacted the Tech Inclusion Pledge. Since then, more than 80 tech companies have signed on, but the initiative has been criticized for lacking teeth. To date, only 17 of the companies have released numbers of any sort on the diversity of their workforce. Hence, another cornerstone of Project Include is accountability—tracking data to determine successes and areas of improvement. When a company signs on, it agrees to complete surveys at the beginning and end of the program, which can last six months to a year. In between, Project Include is available for consults, and meetings among employees as well as other cohorts are planned. It's not about doing small things and then calling them wins in public, Pao notes, "like this idea that you can do a one-off training for 90 minutes, maybe on unconscious bias or maybe on diversity and inclusion, and then announce to the world that you've done this training and give yourself a pat on the back with nothing further."
For Pao and Baker, an initial conversation over wine and cheese at San Francisco's Ferry Building was "the start of thinking through what we could do with Project Include, who would we bring on board, how would we make changes that are impactful," says Pao. Entrepreneur, investor and adviser Susan Wu, who currently splits her time between the Bay Area and Australia, is also among the women Pao enlisted for Project Include. "It's easy to say we're all women; we're all passionate about D&I; we're all working in tech—but the reality is that we're incredibly diverse as people," Wu points out. "Ellen has done an amazing job of uniting a team of women who probably never would have normally interacted in the industry, and demonstrated by example to the rest of the industry how to bring a diverse group together around a common cause."
Like Baker, Tracy Chou—another Project Include founder—became a well-known figure in diversity advocacy because of a spreadsheet. In 2013, Chou was an engineer at Pinterest, where she was one of the first 15 hires. With the blessing of her employer, she penned a Medium post about gender parity in engineering. In it, she wrote: "While companies do talk about their initiatives to make the work environment more female-friendly, or to encourage more women to go into or stay in computing, there's no way of judging whether they're successful or worth mimicking, because there are no success metrics attached to any of them." (At the time, Pinterest had 89 engineers, only 11 of whom were women.) Chou invited others to add to a spreadsheet she created on Github that tracked the number of female engineers at their firms. More than 270 companies—including Airbnb, Rent the Runway and Yelp—have contributed. (The last time Pinterest self-reported, in January 2017, its percentage of female engineers had climbed from 12 to 20 percent.)
Beyond the easily quantified statistics, Chou has encountered sexist behavior at various stages of her career, from the classroom to the boardroom. At Stanford, where she earned a B.S. in electrical engineering and an M.S. in computer science, a male student once remarked, "I didn't expect you to be so good at coding because usually physical attractiveness and coding ability are inversely correlated." Chou was also told that classes were easier for her since she could flirt with the teaching assistants. More recently, while trying to get a startup off the ground, she and her male co-founder pitched to a venture capitalist in the Valley. Afterward, the VC contacted her individually—outside of an email thread that had been established between the three—to invite her to dinner. She declined. Repeatedly. When she left the startup and her previous email address became inactive, he messaged her on Facebook about getting together for dinner or drinks. She didn't respond. Whether the VC was simply networking or had less honorable intentions, Chou can't be sure. But this she does know: As uncomfortable as the interactions made her, she has to tread carefully. "I guarantee you that when I start something new, I will have to pitch to his firm again," she says.
This summer, the headlines about Silicon Valley seemed like a broken record, as a string of accusations of sexual harassment were publicly leveled against VCs. In a New York Times bombshell article entitled "Women in Tech Speak Frankly on Culture of Harassment," which ran June 30, Wu was among those who called out the bad actors—telling the Times reporter that Lowercase Capital founder Chris Sacca inappropriately touched her face, and that Justin Caldbeck of Binary Capital propositioned her. In a story published on The Information about a week prior, half a dozen women also came forward and alleged sexual misconduct by Caldbeck, who soon resigned from the early-stage VC firm he helped launch.
"In 2012, when Ellen spoke out, it was easy to tell a narrative that she was unique, that it was an aberration, an outlier," says Wu. "Only now in 2017, I feel grateful that there are finally all of these stories coming out that demonstrate that Ellen's story was not at all unique and that she was really taking an extraordinary risk to be one of the first to go on the record about it. I didn't fully appreciate how courageous she was until I spoke out myself. It's been a very hard and scary process. You don't know if the industry will support you; you don't know if you'll be retaliated against; you don't know if you're going to be ostracized."
After the Times article, Wu—who has worked in the tech industry for 25 years, including as a member and CMO of Apache Software Foundation and founding partner of Obvious Corporation, as well as an investor and adviser to Twitter, Square, Color Genomics, Canva and more—was struck by the reaction on Facebook from other female founders from the web 2.0 era. "A majority of them who had left the industry or had moved away from Silicon Valley were saying things like, 'Wow, I can't even talk about this article because I'm so triggered because I still suffer from PTSD,'" Wu says. In April, the Kapor Center for Social Impact and Harris Poll released the results of a survey of 2,000 U.S. adults who had left a tech-related job within the past three years. Among the key findings: One in 10 women reported unwanted sexual attention.
Wu, Chou and a third Project Include founder, bethanye McKinney Blount, participated this April in The Atlantic's cover story that raised the question—in big, bold all-capital letters—"Why Is Silicon Valley So Awful to Women?" When I ask Blount for anecdotes illustrating the sexism she has experienced in her 20-plus years in tech, she lets out a prolonged laugh. "It happened all the damn time," she says. Early in her career, she began dressing in a way as to minimize her gender. No makeup, hair pulled back, layers of baggy clothing that obscured her figure. "I was very much one of the guys, and that was cultivated very deliberately," she recalls. "That's how I reduced friction for my own career progression. That gave me more credibility, and from a personal standpoint, I wanted to be as unavailable as possible so we could focus on work."
In her 20s, Blount remembers clients who expected her to go out for drinks with them or join them at their hotel. In her 30s, as she was fundraising for MailRank, an email-sorting business she started with Bryan O'Sullivan, investor meetings were rife with sexism. Potential investors would address their questions to O'Sullivan, who, time after time, would defer to Blount and her expertise. "There was a clear bias to have conversations with him and treat me like his assistant," she says. (The 2016 survey titled "Elephant in the Valley," which was inspired by the Pao trial, found that of the 200-plus female respondents, 88 percent had experienced clients or colleagues directing questions to male peers that should have been addressed to them.) At Facebook, which acquired MailRank in 2011, the bias bore out in interviews with job candidates. "I often found myself in the position where the person on the other side of the table would try to sell me on why they're great by making these extraordinary miscalculations based on my gender," she says. "Like, 'You understand how hard it is when you have kids.' I don't, actually."
Today, Blount is the co-founder of Cathy Labs, which builds compensation strategy software for early-stage companies. A couple of years ago, someone on Quora asked what it was like to work with Blount, to which a Facebook colleague replied, "I can sum it up in 5 words: She likes fixing broken things. The messier the problem, the more she's driven to fix it. ..." When reminded of this assessment, Blount can't help but laugh again. That, she says, is what drove her to join Project Include: "I want things to get better in the right way, and I don't want to leave people behind."
Unlike the other founders of Project Include, Kapor Klein has devoted her entire career—spanning more than four decades—to D&I. She and her husband have even been public in admonishing their own sector. Following former Uber engineer Susan Fowler's February essay about the sexual harassment she endured at the company, the couple wrote an open letter criticizing Uber, of which they are investors. In July, Kapor Klein and Kapor—who are also limited partners in 500 Startups—issued a statement after the incubator's co-founder, Dave McClure, resigned over allegations of sexual harassment. "This is not something that is fixable with a pledge or a new policy," they wrote. Kapor Klein later tells me that "without a thoughtful, customized, comprehensive approach to culture in general, and diversity and inclusion in particular, there is no reliable way to know about bad actors or toxic cultures."
Kapor Klein has long advocated for a systemic approach to D&I, and last year, Kapor Capital made it official. "From January 2016 forward, we have not invested in a seed-stage tech startup that has not agreed to the principles and the specifics of the Founders' Commitment," she says. The Commitment calls for establishing D&I goals and providing progress updates, investing in resources to help mitigate bias in the workplace, organizing volunteer efforts in the hopes that employees engage with underrepresented communities and participating in D&I sessions as a means of further education. "If the only focus is greed, if there's only one dimension—maximizing financial returns—then everything else gets ignored, shoved under the rug, deprioritized," she says. "And that's just unacceptable. It's got to be the limited partners—there's got to be pressure from every corner of society to change that—but the limited partners need to vote with their checkbooks."
In Kapor Capital's current portfolio, 44 out of 79 investments, or 56 percent, have a founder who is a woman or a person of color. Among those companies is Atipica, whose CEO and founder, Laura I. Gómez, is a founding member of Project Include as well. "Investors don't see a purpose or meaning sometimes in the products that female founders are building, whether it's around something that they're passionate about or whether it's something in the market that hasn't been there. And I believe that there's a harder intersectionality when it comes to women of color," says Gómez, referring to the overlap of social identities such as race, gender and class, as they relate to oppression and discrimination.
Pao shares Gómez's concerns, noting that in the VC world, "power is concentrated in the hands of so few people. … Most of [the firms] don't have very many women, very few of them have any partners from underrepresented groups. When do they allow space for people who don't look like them? When do they change their culture so that they're looking at opportunities and investing in founders fairly, without this whole systemic bias?" The 2016 Future List, a joint study by The Information and Social Capital, revealed that 10.7 percent of senior investors at the most prominent VC firms were women, and 75 percent of top investors were white men.
Atipica has raised $2 million, quite possibly the largest round of seed funding ever for a Latina-led tech company in the Valley. In addition to her engineering chops—she previously worked at Twitter, YouTube and Jawbone—Gómez has a narrative that makes the professional personal for her: At age 10, she arrived in the United States from Mexico with her parents and three siblings. While her parents became permanent residents under President Reagan's 1986 amnesty bill, Gómez didn't gain permanent residency until she was entering her first year at UC Berkeley. She grew up in Redwood City, where her mother supported the family as a housekeeper and nanny, including for some well-known tech titans. Now, Gómez heads her own startup and is an advocate for not only D&I, but immigration reform.
In an April 2015 blog post introducing Atipica, she wrote that Silicon Valley was not a meritocracy; rather, she posited, "tech is a system of nepotism saturated by unconscious biases." Her company's product relies on both artificial and human intelligence to surface data-driven insights and recommendations aimed at enabling purposeful, inclusive changes to the workforce. She got the idea about three years ago while speaking on a panel at Stanford Law School. "Everybody kept talking about the [talent] pipeline," she says. "I wanted to focus on how to fix that using technology."
Y-Vonne Hutchinson is another founding member of Project Include who helms a diversity-focused firm. Hutchinson was previously a human rights lawyer and labor advocate. When her work in Nicaragua with sugarcane workers who were dying of kidney disease became untenable, she returned to the U.S., landing in the Bay Area. In 2015, she launched labor policy consultancy ReadySet, and quickly realized that the most pressing issues in her field were connected to diversity and inclusion. Now she specializes in D&I, developing customized strategies for companies that "are in it to do the hard work, not just to check a box," as she puts it.
"We saw an increase in business with Trump, and then with Uber, and then with the VC cases," Hutchinson observes. "Just a year ago, a lot of people were really comfortable thinking that bias wasn't that big a problem. What each of these instances has brought to the surface is the fact that, no—bias, prejudice, marginalization, discrimination are very much problems of the present. And not only that, problematic beliefs are still widely held, and they're not just held by exceptionally bad actors." While the realities may not always be pretty, Hutchinson sees a silver lining here: "Not denying that these things exist is a step in the right direction."
The founders of Project Include are cautiously optimistic about a cultural shift in the Valley. They are well aware that outrage is a finite resource, and that the story can move on quickly. "I am absolutely concerned that the attention to diversity and inclusion will wane," says Kapor Klein. "In my experience, attention to these issues drops off as soon as there's an economic downturn. … The chief diversity officer gets fired; the entire D&I gets laid off; and the line item for diversity gets slashed." The best way to avoid this is to "build D&I into your culture," Kapor Klein continues. "If that's the DNA of the company, then it's much less likely to get completely eradicated."
For this reason, Project Include only works with businesses whose CEOs are willing to actively participate in the program (for example, they must attend the meetings themselves). Everett Harper is the CEO and co-founder of Truss, a software infrastructure consulting firm that solves complex engineering problems; it was among the 10 startups that formed Project Include's inaugural program. "I agree with their philosophy that this stuff has to happen from the top," he says. "Because that's the only person who can really push things forward and lead the way in the changes that the company might make." The meetings with cohort CEOs was especially useful, he adds, "to learn different experiences and approaches to D&I challenges." During the course of the program, Truss initiated and completed a salary transparency project and created a Code of Conduct document that includes an anti-harassment policy.
For Harper, the recent events involving Uber, Binary Capital and 500 Startups, "reinforce that, 'OK, this is not just a trivial matter, people,'" he says. "Had any of those companies engaged in something like Project Include beforehand, I'll bet some of the systematic errors that occurred would not have taken place and/or there would have been policies already in place to deal with the things that came out. It's going to be timely for a long time."
For better or for worse, the women of Project Include are in it for the long haul. "The deck has been stacked against so many of us since the start of the tech industry," says Pao. "And we have an opportunity now, as people are starting to understand the extent of the unfairness, to try to course correct." Despite the day-to-day hardships, giving up isn't an option. "There was a point in time when I described working on diversity and inclusion in the tech industry as like being Sisyphus, pushing the rock up the hill over and over again," says Baker. "Except instead of pushing a rock, you're pushing a big vat of acid that spills on you at the end of every day. It's really painful and very frustrating to have to keep fighting these same battles every day. It's essentially gaslighting—people telling you that this isn't really a thing; the tech industry is fine; it doesn't need to be more diverse. … Sometimes I just want to be like, 'I'm done.' But I want this industry to be better for the people who come after me, so I keep going."
Originally published in the September/October issue of Silicon Valley
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Person Page - 251
Scott Lynn McDowell
M, b. 7 March 1920, d. 21 March 1963
Birth*: Scott Lynn McDowell was born on 7 March 1920 at Philomath, Benton County, Oregon.
Death*: He died in Marion County, Oregon, on 21 March 1963, at the age of 43.
Burial*: He was buried after 21 March 1963 in Friends Cemetery (Find A Grave Memorial# 38921608) at Newberg, Yamhill County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: He appeared on the census of 14 April 1930 in the household of Charles Oscar McDowell at Philomath, Benton County, Oregon.
Father*: Charles Oscar McDowell b. 2 Sep 1880, d. 29 Apr 1951
Mother*: Emma Olive Ronco b. 1886, d. 1 May 1967
Roy Neal McDowell
M, b. 15 September 1921, d. 17 May 2003
Birth*: Roy Neal McDowell was born on 15 September 1921 at Philomath, Benton County, Oregon.
Death*: He died in Polk County, Oregon, on 17 May 2003, at the age of 81.
Milit-Beg*: Roy Neal McDowell began military service WWII - Served on the Carrier Enterprise in the Navy.
Larry Neal McDowell b. 9 Mar 1944
William Fredrich Hoefs
M, b. 9 October 1872, d. 6 June 1958
Birth*: William Fredrich Hoefs was born on 9 October 1872 at Lincoln, Lancaster County, Nebraska.
Marriage*: He married America Henrietta "Etta" McDowell, daughter of John McDowell and Louisa Nichols, on 9 August 1905 at Corvallis, Benton County, Oregon.
Death*: William Fredrich Hoefs died in Waldport, Lincoln County, Oregon, on 6 June 1958, at the age of 85.
Burial*: He was buried after 6 June 1958 in Kings Valley Cemetery (Find A Grave Memorial 38489701) at Kings Valley, Benton County, Oregon.
Census*: He appeared on the census of 27 April 1910 at Kings Valley, Benton County, Oregon.
Census: He appeared on the census of 23 January 1920 at Lincoln County, Oregon.
Census: He appeared on the census of 22 April 1930 at Lincoln County, Oregon.
America Henrietta "Etta" McDowell b. 5 Oct 1869, d. 1 Mar 1956
Eva Leona "Leona" Hoefs+ b. 1906
Vera A. Hoefs+ b. 18 Apr 1913, d. 3 Sep 2000
Eva Leona "Leona" Hoefs
F, b. 1906
Birth*: Eva Leona "Leona" Hoefs was born in 1906 at Oregon.
Marriage*: She married Erroll B Ide on 25 October 1924 at Vancouver, Clark County, Washington.
(Witness) Census: Eva Leona "Leona" Hoefs appeared on the census of 27 April 1910 in the household of William Fredrich Hoefs at Kings Valley, Benton County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: Eva Leona "Leona" Hoefs appeared on the census of 23 January 1920 in the household of William Fredrich Hoefs at Lincoln County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: Eva Leona "Leona" Hoefs appeared on the census of 22 April 1930 in the household of William Fredrich Hoefs at Lincoln County, Oregon.
Father*: William Fredrich Hoefs b. 9 Oct 1872, d. 6 Jun 1958
Mother*: America Henrietta "Etta" McDowell b. 5 Oct 1869, d. 1 Mar 1956
Erroll B Ide b. 1900, d. 10 Mar 1953
Erroll Dean Ide b. 15 Oct 1928, d. 1 Jan 2003
Vera A. Hoefs
F, b. 18 April 1913, d. 3 September 2000
Birth*: Vera A. Hoefs was born on 18 April 1913 at Corvallis, Benton County, Oregon.
Marriage*: She married Orville Francis McNeel on 31 October 1929 at Multnomah County, Oregon.
Marriage*: Vera A. Hoefs married Rahnold Lorraine Cyrus on 10 March 1934 at Benton County, Oregon.
Marriage*: Vera A. Hoefs married Carl J. Trulove on 21 November 1941 at Stevenson, Skamania County, Washington.
Marriage*: Vera A. Hoefs married Amos Wilker Green on 2 May 1946 at Stevenson, Skamania County, Washington.
Death*: Vera A. Hoefs died in Myrtle Point, Coos County, Oregon, on 3 September 2000, at the age of 87.
(Witness) Census: She appeared on the census of 23 January 1920 in the household of William Fredrich Hoefs at Lincoln County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: Vera A. Hoefs appeared on the census of 1930 in the household of Orville Francis McNeel at Fairview, Multnomah County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: Vera A. Hoefs appeared on the census of 1940 in the household of Rahnold Lorraine Cyrus at Knox Butte, Linn County, Oregon.
Orville Francis McNeel b. 31 May 1908, d. 31 May 1985
Marriage*: Vera A. Hoefs married Orville Francis McNeel on 31 October 1929 at Multnomah County, Oregon.
Nadine Barbara McNeel b. 31 Jul 1930, d. 17 Mar 1995
Rahnold Lorraine Cyrus b. 28 Feb 1911, d. 5 Aug 1960
Carl J. Trulove b. 1915
Amos Wilker Green b. 29 Jul 1912, d. 3 Dec 1987
Francis Marion Broady
M, b. September 1855
Birth*: Francis Marion Broady was born in September 1855 at Missouri.
Marriage*: He married America Henrietta "Etta" McDowell, daughter of John McDowell and Louisa Nichols, in 1896.
Census*: Francis Marion Broady appeared on the census of 18 June 1900 at Nashville, Lincoln County, Oregon.
Chester Frank Broady b. 7 Feb 1897, d. 23 Oct 1957
Hazel Irene Broady+ b. 1901
Chester Frank Broady
M, b. 7 February 1897, d. 23 October 1957
Birth*: Chester Frank Broady was born on 7 February 1897 at Spokane, Spokane County, Washington.
Death*: He died in Mendocino County, California, on 23 October 1957, at the age of 60.
(Witness) Census: He appeared on the census of 18 June 1900 in the household of Francis Marion Broady at Nashville, Lincoln County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: Chester Frank Broady appeared on the census of 27 April 1910 in the household of William Fredrich Hoefs at Kings Valley, Benton County, Oregon.
Census*: Chester Frank Broady appeared on the census of 15 January 1920 at Luckamute, Polk County, Oregon.
Father*: Francis Marion Broady b. Sep 1855
Hazel Irene Broady
Birth*: Hazel Irene Broady was born in 1901 at Oregon.
(Witness) Census: She appeared on the census of 27 April 1910 in the household of William Fredrich Hoefs at Kings Valley, Benton County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: Hazel Irene Broady appeared on the census of 15 January 1920 in the household of Chester Frank Broady at Luckamute, Polk County, Oregon.
John K. McCaleb
M, b. 19 April 1861, d. 1895
Birth*: John K. McCaleb was born on 19 April 1861 at Pennsylvania.
Marriage*: He married America Henrietta "Etta" McDowell, daughter of John McDowell and Louisa Nichols, on 2 February 1885 at Oregon.
Death*: John K. McCaleb died in Oregon in 1895.
Wilfred Samuel McCaleb+ b. 3 Mar 1886, d. 10 Jul 1965
Albert Herman McCaleb+ b. 6 Feb 1888, d. 6 Nov 1947
Ida Lula "Lula" McCaleb+ b. Jul 1890
Norma McCaleb+ b. Jun 1894
Wilfred Samuel McCaleb
M, b. 3 March 1886, d. 10 July 1965
Birth*: Wilfred Samuel McCaleb was born on 3 March 1886 at Dallas, Polk County, Oregon.
Marriage*: He married Elsie Enola Lewis on 19 February 1912 at Eugene, Lane County, Oregon.
Death*: Wilfred Samuel McCaleb died on 10 July 1965, at the age of 79.
Burial*: He was buried after 10 July 1965 in Willamette National Cemetery (Find A Grave Memorial 36308116) at Portland, Multnomah County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: Wilfred Samuel McCaleb appeared on the census of 27 April 1910 in the household of William Fredrich Hoefs at Kings Valley, Benton County, Oregon.
Census*: Wilfred Samuel McCaleb appeared on the census of 1920 at Lane County, Oregon.
Census: He appeared on the census of 1930 at Wren, Benton County, Oregon.
Census: He appeared on the census of 1940 at Little Elk, Lincoln County, Oregon.
Milit-WW2*: Wilfred Samuel McCaleb registered for the draft for World War I on1942, while living at Crawfordsville, Linn County, Oregon.
Father*: John K. McCaleb b. 19 Apr 1861, d. 1895
Elsie Enola Lewis b. 25 May 1891, d. 5 Jan 1977
Leama Grace McCaleb b. 7 Sep 1914, d. 27 Nov 2004
John Frederick McCaleb b. 23 Sep 1916, d. 7 Apr 2000
Charlie Ernest McCaleb b. 12 Apr 1920, d. 13 Nov 1993
Eva Jeanne Alberta McCaleb b. 1928, d. 18 Sep 1935
Ellen Rosetta McCaleb b. 29 Jan 1931
Albert Herman McCaleb
M, b. 6 February 1888, d. 6 November 1947
Birth*: Albert Herman McCaleb was born on 6 February 1888 at Dallas, Polk County, Oregon.
Marriage*: He married Joyce Ann Bevens on 1 May 1910.
Death*: Albert Herman McCaleb died in Lincoln County, Oregon, on 6 November 1947, at the age of 59.
Burial*: He was buried after 6 November 1947 in Kings Valley Cemetery (Find A Grave Memorial 39536732) at Kings Valley, Benton County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: Albert Herman McCaleb appeared on the census of 27 April 1910 in the household of William Fredrich Hoefs at Kings Valley, Benton County, Oregon.
Milit-WW1*: Albert Herman McCaleb registered for the draft for World War I on6 June 1917, while living at PeDee, Polk County, Oregon.
Census: He appeared on the census of 15 January 1920 at Luckamute, Polk County, Oregon.
Census*: He appeared on the census of 15 April 1930 at Summit, Benton County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: He appeared on the census of 1940 in the household of Wilfred Samuel McCaleb at Little Elk, Lincoln County, Oregon.
Joyce Ann Bevens b. 1895, d. 24 Jul 1949
Marriage*: Albert Herman McCaleb married Joyce Ann Bevens on 1 May 1910.
Delbert McCaleb b. 23 Feb 1911, d. 19 Mar 1989
Melvin M. McCaleb b. 15 Jul 1918
Ida Lula "Lula" McCaleb
F, b. July 1890
Birth*: Ida Lula "Lula" McCaleb was born in July 1890 at Oregon.
Marriage*: She married George Elvin Witham on 30 October 1907 at Corvallis, Benton County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: Ida Lula "Lula" McCaleb appeared on the census of 18 June 1900 in the household of Francis Marion Broady at Nashville, Lincoln County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: Ida Lula "Lula" McCaleb appeared on the census of 12 May 1910 in the household of George Elvin Witham at Corvallis, Benton County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: Ida Lula "Lula" McCaleb appeared on the census of 24 April 1930 in the household of George Elvin Witham at Plymouth, Benton County, Oregon.
George Elvin Witham b. 30 Oct 1887, d. 3 Mar 1960
Leona Belle Witham+ b. 29 Aug 1908, d. 15 Mar 1988
Harold Ernest Witham+ b. 20 Jan 1913, d. 24 Apr 1996
Walter Elvin Witham+ b. 15 Jan 1918, d. 29 Oct 2002
Norma McCaleb
F, b. June 1894
Birth*: Norma McCaleb was born in June 1894 at Oregon.
(Witness) Census: She appeared on the census of 18 June 1900 in the household of Francis Marion Broady at Nashville, Lincoln County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: Norma McCaleb appeared on the census of 27 April 1910 in the household of William Fredrich Hoefs at Kings Valley, Benton County, Oregon.
Mary Hughes
F, b. 30 May 1871, d. 30 December 1955
Birth*: Mary Hughes was born on 30 May 1871 at Wales, England.
Marriage*: She married James Benjamin "Ben" McDowell, son of John McDowell and Louisa Nichols, on 3 September 1893 at Dallas, Polk County, Oregon.
Death*: Mary Hughes died in Cowlitz County, Washington, on 30 December 1955, at the age of 84.
(Witness) Census: She appeared on the census of 14 June 1900 in the household of James Benjamin "Ben" McDowell at Falls City, Polk County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: Mary Hughes appeared on the census of May 1910 in the household of James Benjamin "Ben" McDowell at Polk County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: Mary Hughes appeared on the census of 2 January 1920 in the household of James Benjamin "Ben" McDowell at Falls City, Polk County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: Mary Hughes appeared on the census of 23 April 1930 in the household of James Benjamin "Ben" McDowell at Lincoln County, Oregon.
(Informant) Death: Mary Hughes was the informant on the death certificate of James Benjamin "Ben" McDowell on 17 June 1932 listed as Mrs. Mary McDowell of Burnt Woods, Ore.
James Benjamin "Ben" McDowell b. 11 Oct 1864, d. 17 Jun 1932
Marriage*: Mary Hughes married James Benjamin "Ben" McDowell, son of John McDowell and Louisa Nichols, on 3 September 1893 at Dallas, Polk County, Oregon.
Dora Louisa McDowell+ b. 6 Nov 1895, d. 18 Oct 1965
Dora Louisa McDowell
F, b. 6 November 1895, d. 18 October 1965
Birth*: Dora Louisa McDowell was born on 6 November 1895 at Falls City, Polk County, Oregon.
Marriage*: She married Dee Roland Chamberlain, son of James Theophelus Chamberlain and Rebecca Elizabeth Belieu, on 3 July 1913 at Falls City, Polk County, Oregon.
Death*: Dora Louisa McDowell died in Cowlitz County, Washington, on 18 October 1965, at the age of 69.
Burial*: She was buried after 18 October 1965 in Cowlitz View Memorial Gardens at Kelso, Cowlitz County, Washington.
(Witness) Census: Dora Louisa McDowell appeared on the census of May 1910 in the household of James Benjamin "Ben" McDowell at Polk County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: Dora Louisa McDowell appeared on the census of 23 April 1930 in the household of James Benjamin "Ben" McDowell at Lincoln County, Oregon.
Father*: James Benjamin "Ben" McDowell b. 11 Oct 1864, d. 17 Jun 1932
Mother*: Mary Hughes b. 30 May 1871, d. 30 Dec 1955
Dee Roland Chamberlain b. 5 Dec 1891, d. 6 Oct 1978
Marriage*: Dora Louisa McDowell married Dee Roland Chamberlain, son of James Theophelus Chamberlain and Rebecca Elizabeth Belieu, on 3 July 1913 at Falls City, Polk County, Oregon.
James Floyd Chamberlain b. 5 Apr 1914, d. 4 Nov 2002
Mabel LaVern Chamberlain+ b. 13 Apr 1916, d. 2 Jun 2005
Harold LeRoy Chamberlain b. 29 Oct 1920, d. 27 Nov 2009
Kenneth Eugene Chamberlain+ b. 27 Mar 1923, d. 4 Jun 1989
Ruby Marie Chamberlain b. 26 Apr 1925, d. 21 Nov 2009
Mary Elizabeth "Lizzie" Hoef
F, b. September 1876
Birth*: Mary Elizabeth "Lizzie" Hoef was born in September 1876 at Oregon.
Marriage*: She married Henry Wilson McDowell, son of John McDowell and Louisa Nichols, on 8 April 1896 at Lincoln County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: Mary Elizabeth "Lizzie" Hoef appeared on the census of 13 June 1900 in the household of Henry Wilson McDowell at Falls City, Polk County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: Mary Elizabeth "Lizzie" Hoef appeared on the census of 18 June 1900 in the household of Henry Wilson McDowell at Nashville, Lincoln County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: Mary Elizabeth "Lizzie" Hoef appeared on the census of 27 April 1910 in the household of Henry Wilson McDowell at Corvallis, Benton County, Oregon.
Henry Wilson McDowell b. 26 Jun 1866, d. 12 Dec 1915
John Frank "Frank" McDowell b. 22 Nov 1896, d. 17 Aug 1965
Orabelle McDowell b. 1901
John Frank "Frank" McDowell
M, b. 22 November 1896, d. 17 August 1965
Birth*: John Frank "Frank" McDowell was born on 22 November 1896 at Oregon.
Marriage*: He married Rita Mae Ruch on 11 February 1929 at Clatsop County, Oregon.
Death*: John Frank "Frank" McDowell died in Clatsop County, Oregon, on 17 August 1965, at the age of 68.
Burial*: He was buried on 20 August 1965 in Willamette National Cemetery at Portland, Multnomah County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: He appeared on the census of 13 June 1900 in the household of Henry Wilson McDowell at Falls City, Polk County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: John Frank "Frank" McDowell appeared on the census of 18 June 1900 in the household of Henry Wilson McDowell at Nashville, Lincoln County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: John Frank "Frank" McDowell appeared on the census of 27 April 1910 in the household of Henry Wilson McDowell at Corvallis, Benton County, Oregon.
Milit-WW1*: John Frank "Frank" McDowell registered for the draft for World War I on6 September 1918 reporting he was employed as US Navy.
Father*: Henry Wilson McDowell b. 26 Jun 1866, d. 12 Dec 1915
Mother*: Mary Elizabeth "Lizzie" Hoef b. Sep 1876
Rita Mae Ruch b. 22 Feb 1904, d. 8 Jul 2000
Orabelle McDowell
Birth*: Orabelle McDowell was born in 1901 at Oregon.
(Witness) Census: She appeared on the census of 27 April 1910 in the household of Henry Wilson McDowell at Corvallis, Benton County, Oregon.
Maude Mary Jones
F, b. 1 May 1875, d. 18 July 1955
Birth*: Maude Mary Jones was born on 1 May 1875 at Iowa.
Marriage*: She married John Jefferson McDowell, son of John McDowell and Louisa Nichols, on 11 March 1894 at Dallas, Polk County, Oregon.
Death*: Maude Mary Jones died in Salem, Marion County, Oregon, on 18 July 1955, at the age of 80.
Burial*: She was buried after 18 July 1955 in Mount Union Cemetery (http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=McDowell&GScid=39173&GRid=26377218&) at Philomath, Benton County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: She appeared on the census of 6 June 1900 in the household of John Jefferson McDowell at Little Elk, Lincoln County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: Maude Mary Jones appeared on the census of 19 April 1910 in the household of John Jefferson McDowell at Falls City, Polk County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: Maude Mary Jones appeared on the census of 6 January 1920 in the household of John Jefferson McDowell at Philomath, Benton County, Oregon.
Census*: Maude Mary Jones appeared on the census of 16 April 1930 at Philomath, Benton County, Oregon.
John Jefferson McDowell b. 19 Mar 1858, d. 2 May 1925
Mayme Mildred McDowell+ b. 15 Jun 1896, d. 13 Jan 1982
Opal Sarah McDowell+ b. 23 Aug 1898, d. 11 Mar 1985
Emma Louise McDowell+ b. 2 Jun 1900, d. 10 Jun 1992
Pearl Ora McDowell+ b. 25 Oct 1902, d. 29 May 1957
John William McDowell+ b. 25 Jan 1906, d. 8 May 1979
George Samuel McDowell+ b. 17 Oct 1911, d. 11 Jan 1994
Lanetta Crystal McDowell+ b. 23 Mar 1916, d. 11 Jun 1945
Mayme Mildred McDowell
F, b. 15 June 1896, d. 13 January 1982
Birth*: Mayme Mildred McDowell was born on 15 June 1896 at Oregon.
Marriage*: She married Joseph L. "Joe" Follett on 4 April 1917.
Death*: Mayme Mildred McDowell died in Benton County, Oregon, on 13 January 1982, at the age of 85.
(Witness) Census: Mayme Mildred McDowell appeared on the census of 19 April 1910 in the household of John Jefferson McDowell at Falls City, Polk County, Oregon.
Father*: John Jefferson McDowell b. 19 Mar 1858, d. 2 May 1925
Mother*: Maude Mary Jones b. 1 May 1875, d. 18 Jul 1955
Joseph L. "Joe" Follett b. Apr 1897, d. 5 Aug 1963
Opal Sarah McDowell
F, b. 23 August 1898, d. 11 March 1985
Birth*: Opal Sarah McDowell was born on 23 August 1898 at Oregon.
Marriage*: She married Joseph Kendrick Ridenour on 10 October 1916.
Death*: Opal Sarah McDowell died in Benton County, Oregon, on 11 March 1985, at the age of 86.
(Witness) Census: Opal Sarah McDowell appeared on the census of 19 April 1910 in the household of John Jefferson McDowell at Falls City, Polk County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: Opal Sarah McDowell appeared on the census of 8 January 1920 in the household of Joseph Kendrick Ridenour at Philomath, Benton County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: Opal Sarah McDowell appeared on the census of 14 April 1930 in the household of Joseph Kendrick Ridenour at Philomath, Benton County, Oregon.
Joseph Kendrick Ridenour b. 19 Sep 1886, d. 28 Dec 1932
Marriage*: Opal Sarah McDowell married Joseph Kendrick Ridenour on 10 October 1916.
Kenneth Donald Ridenour b. 13 Oct 1917, d. 29 Feb 1968
Pauline Lorraine Ridenour b. 1921
Gerald William Ridenour+ b. 19 Jan 1923, d. 7 Jul 2007
Robert Joseph Ridenour b. 1925
Emma Louise McDowell
F, b. 2 June 1900, d. 10 June 1992
Birth*: Emma Louise McDowell was born on 2 June 1900 at Oregon.
Marriage*: She married Clifford David Hood on 4 March 1918.
Death*: Emma Louise McDowell died in Corvallis, Benton County, Oregon, on 10 June 1992, at the age of 92.
(Witness) Census: She appeared on the census of 19 April 1910 in the household of John Jefferson McDowell at Falls City, Polk County, Oregon.
Clifford David Hood
Herbert Clifford Hood+ b. 20 Nov 1919, d. 12 May 2008
Maysel Alpha Hood b. 28 Feb 1922, d. 7 Jun 2003
Wilma Helen Hood+ b. 18 Apr 1925, d. 12 Jul 1979
Pearl Ora McDowell
F, b. 25 October 1902, d. 29 May 1957
Birth*: Pearl Ora McDowell was born on 25 October 1902 at Oregon.
Marriage*: She married Eliphalet Follett.
Marriage*: Pearl Ora McDowell married Oren Granville Gee.
Death*: Pearl Ora McDowell died in Philomath, Benton County, Oregon, on 29 May 1957, at the age of 54.
Burial*: She was buried after 29 May 1957 in Oaklawn Cemetery at Corvallis, Benton County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: Pearl Ora McDowell appeared on the census of 16 April 1930 in the household of Oren Granville Gee at Philomath, Benton County, Oregon.
Eliphalet Follett b. 6 Jul 1899, d. 4 Sep 1920
Marriage*: Pearl Ora McDowell married Eliphalet Follett.
Carl Arthur Follett b. 11 Aug 1920, d. 28 Jun 1997
Oren Granville Gee b. 11 Jun 1890
Naomi Lucille Gee+ b. 7 Nov 1922, d. 3 Sep 1989
James Oren Gee b. 31 May 1924, d. 15 Apr 1990
Merle Ray Gee+ b. 30 Oct 1926, d. 17 Sep 2002
John William McDowell
M, b. 25 January 1906, d. 8 May 1979
Birth*: John William McDowell was born on 25 January 1906 at Corvallis, Benton County, Oregon.
Marriage*: He married Verna Lela Chapman on 14 April 1946 at Corvallis, Benton County, Oregon.
Death*: John William McDowell died in Corvallis, Benton County, Oregon, on 8 May 1979, at the age of 73.
Burial*: He was buried after 8 May 1979 in Crystal Lake Cemetery at Corvallis, Benton County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: He appeared on the census of 19 April 1910 in the household of John Jefferson McDowell at Falls City, Polk County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: John William McDowell appeared on the census of 6 January 1920 in the household of John Jefferson McDowell at Philomath, Benton County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: John William McDowell appeared on the census of 16 April 1930 in the household of Maude Mary Jones at Philomath, Benton County, Oregon.
Verna Lela Chapman b. 14 May 1911, d. 18 Jan 1996
Marriage*: John William McDowell married Verna Lela Chapman on 14 April 1946 at Corvallis, Benton County, Oregon.
George Samuel McDowell
M, b. 17 October 1911, d. 11 January 1994
Birth*: George Samuel McDowell was born on 17 October 1911 at Burnt Woods, Lincoln County, Oregon.
Marriage*: He married Edna Louise "Eddie" Muller on 14 September 1949 at Corvallis, Benton County, Oregon.
Death*: George Samuel McDowell died in Philomath, Benton County, Oregon, on 11 January 1994, at the age of 82.
(Witness) Census: He appeared on the census of 6 January 1920 in the household of John Jefferson McDowell at Philomath, Benton County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: George Samuel McDowell appeared on the census of 16 April 1930 in the household of Maude Mary Jones at Philomath, Benton County, Oregon.
Edna Louise "Eddie" Muller b. 11 Oct 1917, d. 27 Dec 2002
Lanetta Crystal McDowell
F, b. 23 March 1916, d. 11 June 1945
Birth*: Lanetta Crystal McDowell was born on 23 March 1916 at Oregon.
Marriage*: She married Clifford Johnson Allen in June 1938 at Stevenson, Skamania County, Washington.
Death*: Lanetta Crystal McDowell died in Summit, Benton County, Oregon, on 11 June 1945, at the age of 29.
Burial*: She was buried after 11 June 1945 in Mount Union Cemetery at Philomath, Benton County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: She appeared on the census of 6 January 1920 in the household of John Jefferson McDowell at Philomath, Benton County, Oregon.
(Witness) Census: Lanetta Crystal McDowell appeared on the census of 16 April 1930 in the household of Maude Mary Jones at Philomath, Benton County, Oregon.
Clifford Johnson Allen b. 14 Jan 1911, d. 11 Jun 1945
Larry Clifford Allen b. 26 Sep 1939, d. 11 Jun 1945
Dick LeRoy Allen b. 12 Jan 1945, d. 11 Jun 1945
Verna Lela Chapman
F, b. 14 May 1911, d. 18 January 1996
Birth*: Verna Lela Chapman was born on 14 May 1911 at Ewart, Keokuk County, Iowa.
Marriage*: She married an unknown person on 8 October 1927.
Marriage*: She married John William McDowell, son of John Jefferson McDowell and Maude Mary Jones, on 14 April 1946 at Corvallis, Benton County, Oregon.
Death*: Verna Lela Chapman died in Albany, Linn County, Oregon, on 18 January 1996, at the age of 84.
Burial*: She was buried after 18 January 1996 in Crystal Lake Cemetery at Corvallis, Benton County, Oregon.
John William McDowell b. 25 Jan 1906, d. 8 May 1979

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


When a user clicks on a field in a list applet, a pick applet will open.
In this pick applet we should have a toggle bar kind of thing which enables the user to select one of the applets availble in the toggle list.
You can achieve the same easily with Dynamic Drilldowns by setting the value of a field in the applet's current record.
specify the togle aplet in Aplet toggle child object without toggle field and value and compile , it will be achieved.u can see the picklist at the title bar that let the user to choose the toggle applet.


text:
Poecilosomella angulata är en tvåvingeart som först beskrevs av Thomson 1869.  Poecilosomella angulata ingår i släktet Poecilosomella och familjen hoppflugor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Hoppflugor
angulata

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Being a parent, I have come across many professionally accomplished full-time mums at school, yet so few have returned to their career. Particularly in science, there is a misconception that it is impossible to get back in if you've taken a career break, as the sector is very competitive. My advice is: if you are considering returning, please know that research today is suffering without you, and the contribution you can make is much needed.
When, out of the blue, I was struck with illness; I thought my career was over. Six years later, however, I returned to academia and I now work as a full time lecturer at Kingston University, where I run my own research group in medical molecular microbiology.
Firstly, don't listen to the negative talk around you that says: "it is impossible to go back, science has moved on". I found universities to be accepting of my career break and it didn't stop me from being invited to interviews for positions at the same level as when I took my break.
Don't be put off if you've lost all your confidence. I had certainly lost mine, but you can push through and surprisingly quickly re-gain it; whether by getting your head back into the field, reviving your technical competence, or reminding yourself of your ability to work with others, and so on.
If you can write your own research proposal, take advantage of career re-entry fellowship schemes (some of which are targeted specifically for women). There are regular calls and you just need the backing of a university. It was my application for a re-entry fellowship that opened the door to a position at my local university, Kingston, which was supporting my application. If you are writing a proposal, one way to quickly get up to speed with research is to skim read abstracts from a recent conference in your field. A file or book of abstracts can be provided by the academic supporting your application, and this is what enabled me to work out what I wanted to research and allowed me to write a proposal that was current.
If you are concerned about coping physically with returning to work, or coping logistically if you have a family, I would recommend negotiating with your employer to work part time. Universities are becoming much more accommodating and supportive of part time positions and I found that working on a 0.5 FTE contract for the first 2 and half years at Kingston allowed me enough time to get my research done and to be there for my kids at school pick-up. I also found my previous employer, Imperial College London, very amenable to my request to reduce my days after my maternity breaks. You can always build up your hours when you feel ready.
From my personal experience I am really glad that, once I felt ready to return to research, I plucked up the courage to come back. Not only am I putting my qualifications and post-doctoral years to good use, but I'm now living my dream! I'd like to encourage you, too, to follow your dreams. The buzz you'll get will carry you through the hurdles and propel you towards what you are destined for!
The Royal Society of Biology has established the Returners to Bioscience Group to examine experiences of those who face difficulties in returning to a career in the biosciences as well as those who achieve success.


text:
Q: AWS Jupyter Notebook EC2 Instance: Getting error while reading pandas csv from S3 While reading a CSV from S3, the kernel is restarting with the below pop up:
Kernel Restarting
The kernel appears to have died. It will restart automatically

Below is the code snippet:
import boto3
import pandas as pd
from boto.s3.connection import S3Connection

YOUR_ACCESS_KEY='******'
YOUR_SECRET_KEY='******'
YOUR_BUCKET='******'

client = boto3.client('s3',aws_access_key_id=YOUR_ACCESS_KEY, aws_secret_access_key=YOUR_SECRET_KEY)
client.download_file(YOUR_BUCKET, 'test.csv','test.csv')

Error is thrown from the below line :
test_df = pd.read_csv('test.csv')

But I can access other files such as a sample text file:
client.download_file(YOUR_BUCKET, 'sample.txt','sample.txt')
print(open('sample.txt').read())

I assumed this error was because of the huge size of the CSV file, but reading a 5MB CSV file is giving the same error.

A: It appears to be the bug with pyTorch.
https://github.com/jupyter/notebook/issues/2784
Alternatives and multiple solutions discussed around there, the ticket is still open.
Hope it helps.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


In my paintings I want to express the astonishment of being a continuous fragmented witness on the wonders of life forms. In powerful colors and lines dancing all over the canvas, I create a metaphor of the eternal dances of children, women, musicians with their instruments and notations, plants, animals, flowers, constellations all of them with calligraphic rhythms.
I mix and remix them, simplify and pack them with expressive and bright colors captured by pretentious engraved lines. I'm astonished and tantalized by the cosmic dances around me, capturing these feelings keeps my art busy. If I wake a smile in you from my canvasses I'll be happy.


The Well of Grief where the troubles end well while wounded and feeling the death grip of hell.
my brokeness, my anger, sense no relief.
Are these from the Father or the thief?
My heart? Dead, buried, or just broken?
Depending, is my reaction to what is spoken.
when instead by faith I can now just act.
this holy affair where anger, we don't meet.
The cross, Psalm 85:10, doubly sweet.


text:
High School Student Killed in Two-Car Collision
March 23rd, 2017 by thomasjhenry
A Hays County high school student was killed Wednesday afternoon as a result of a two-vehicle collision in Buda, Texas.
Details of the Fatal Buda Accident
KVUE reports that 16-year-old Brynn Aylor was fatally injured after being involved in a two car crash in the 2600 block of Jack C Hays Trail.
Police responded to the scene around 4:30 pm. Aylor was pronounced dead at the scene.
Two females in the second vehicle were transported to the hospital where they were listed in serious condition.
Aylor was a 10th-grade student of Hays County ISD and was a member of her school's softball team.
Troopers are still trying to determine the cause of the fatal collision.
Texas Car Crash Statistics
The following information was provided by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT):
3,531 traffic-related fatalities were recorded in Texas in 2015. This marked little charge from the 3,536 deaths recorded in 2014.
Of the fatalities recorded in 2015, 1,925 were recorded in rural areas of the state.
An additional 246,335 people were injured in auto accidents in Texas in 2015 with 17,011 people suffering serious injuries.
Based on reportable crash data for 2015, TxDOT estimates:
One person was killed in a traffic accident in Texas every 2 hours and 29 minutes.
One person was injured every 2 minutes and 8 seconds.
A reportable crash occurred every 61 seconds.
Atascocita Teen Charged for Drunk Driving Crash
Corpus Christi Teen Hospitalized After Dog Attack
Texas-Based Food Company Recalls 167 lbs. of Beef


We look forward to welcoming you to Banda do Sol. Our comfortable and well appointed self-catering accommodation is situated in the charming district of Estreito da Calheta which is on the southwest coast of this idyllic island. Gulf Stream waters lap the shores of Madeira resulting in fantastic summers and mild winters all of which makes the island an exquisite year round holiday destination.
We will do our utmost to make your time here enjoyable and memorable.


text:
Date: Wed, 20 Nov 1996 23:18:24 GMT
Server: NCSA/1.5
Content-type: text/html

<TITLE>22C:145 Artificial intelligence I - Spring 1996</TITLE>

22C:145 Artificial intelligence I - Spring 1996

 Instructor:
<!WA0>Maria Paola Bonacina
(bonacina@cs.uiowa.edu)

 Class Meetings: 9:30am - 10:45am TuTh in 113 MacLean Hall.

 Objectives of the course:
to give a rigorous introduction to the field of Artificial Intelligence,
that offers to the student opportunities for abstract thinking,
problem solving and programming, and serves as a foundation for further studies.

 Contents of the course:

 Problems and Search.

 Knowledge Representation.

 Automated Reasoning.

 Textbooks:

 Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence -- A Modern
Approach, 1st edition, Prentice Hall, 1995, ISBN: 0-1310-3805-2.

 Chin-Liang Chang and Richard Char-Tung Lee, Symbolic Logic and
Mechanical Theorem Proving, Computer Science Classics,
Academic Press, 1973, ISBN: 0-1217-0350-9.

 W. F. Clocksin and F. Mellish, Programming in Prolog,
3rd edition, Springer Verlag, 1987, ISBN: 3-5401-7539-3.

<!WA1>
Back to my teaching page.

This page was last updated on Monday, 13-May-96 11:43:43 CDTby
<!WA2>Maria Paola Bonacina
(bonacina@cs.uiowa.edu).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Read the manual, this is maybe the best way to become confused with a camera. However, if you want to become one of the big boys, you need to be brave.
1. "Do not play with the buttons."
2. Only play with the buttons when you absolutely know what and why playing with them buttons.
I purchased a Canon Powershot SX10 with a 20X optical zoom on December 2, 2008. This is one of the best Camera I have used, and about my 11th digital camera. I believe it is a little better than the Sony because it powers up, focuses and shoots faster. I buy about one camera per year, however this one may last me two years, if not three. I have owned Fuji and Olympus and truly was not happy, so do not send me recommendations.
Finding a PDF manual is an act of God; I carried around the manual for a year, and then left it in the USA on my last stopover. Well, what do you know, the minute I am not carrying the manual, is the minute I need the manual.
The focus has become a problem, I talked with Boy Genius, I was asking.
1. Can I defrag the camera chip on my computer?
2. Can I format this 8 Meg chip on the computer?
He tells me, this is Image Stabilizing Mode.
"How would I know that?"
… Hmm, I need the manual.
I think my really best advice would tell you to download the manual before you buy the camera. A digital camera slowly becomes junk, the camera needs reset, the software reset, many things I do not understand and do not care to learn need optimized. Therefore, to keep this camera functioning properly I need to read the manual, and un-adjust, what I adjusted, or to be a great photographer, I need to learn more… aagh, this resembles work.
I would love to take a camera class, taught by a teacher that uses the Canon Powershot SX10 with a 20X Optical Zoom, and could explain all the menu options.
Wiki has something to say, but in the end, this is a game where we teach ourselves the rules.
I purchased my Canon Camera at Best Buys, I got the extended warranty, I believe they told me I could drop it and they would replace. Dropping cameras is a real problem, and seemed reasonable, so I tried it, and I hope I do not need the warranty. I normally do not buy the extended warranty, but I thought I could use this one for two years, and the cost would come to 150-200 USD per year.
The most important feature I need in a camera is speed, the camera needs to boot up fast, and focus, whereby that girl in bikini rolling in the sand is a possible shot.
Girls can walk fast, I spy the target, my mind registers, I pull the camera, and I take the shot. I am not just sitting around trying to take photos, I am reading my book, but I am aware.
If you cannot download the manual prior to purchasing, maybe you need to find your local expert to help. When I am in Africa, lying in bed, inside a square concrete room, I need this manual, and when I really need it, Boy Genius is not on Skype, the internet is not to be found. Trust me, this is when you wish you had downloaded the PDF Manual prior to leaving, I recommend you learn from my mistakes, and take a different path.
I use the Canon for both still photos and videos, although for sure I can improve the quality of videos. I need to read the manual.
Why? I was going to go up to the Pro Version of Canon: Two Problem.
1. Size, the camera is too big to hide, and when you open obviously you are closer to pro, this causes problem with the subjects of the photos.
2. Not all of them will make videos, I think one 5000 Dollar model does.
A Professional photographer will have two or three cameras whereby they do not need to change lenses. I do not know of many pros who also make videos, they seem to stay on photos.
I think maybe Kevin Site had a good configuration, with Yahoo.com.
I am hoping to buy the a pro version of Canon or Nikon, then also have something Pro for Videos. However, to make enough money to pay for the camera is almost not feasible, very few people buy cameras and make money. They normally say they do, but in reality, the camera cost more than they have ever made selling photos.
If you want to know if they are really pro to get advice?
2. The will tell you where they sell the photos, and how much they get for a photo. Most of this comes out as gibberish, because they normally lie.
I have made 1300 USD selling 13 photos to a guidebook.
I also make money on the blog, but I would say I earn about .80 Cents USA per photo and for the videos the same.


December 12 from 10am-6pm, mention that you are a CrossFit El Cid member at Lululemon Royal Poinciana Plaza for 25% off entire purchase!
$20 raffle tickets sold at party to win FREE YEAR membership.
All proceeds are going to ARC of PB County supporting kids and adults with special needs.


Jan 28, 2019- Explore Kristine Sokol's board "Glass jars filled w stuff" on Pinterest .. Valentine's Day decoration: Hurricane candle holders filled with candy .
25 Vase Filler Ideas to add some fun to your glass jars o. different ideas for " fillers" Vase Decorations, Vases Decor, Centerpiece. .. Cheap, chic and creative ways to fill up empty jars and vases with stuff you probably already have at home!
Decorative Glass Jars for Bathroom Decorative Storage for Bathroom Bathroom counters are often filled with a multitude of things you need daily. To create an .
Glass containers — whether they're canning jars, apothecary jars or. smooth pebbles fill larger, glass jars with glass lids; fill the bottom 1/3 or so with sand, .


BB-Roma offers offers short let apartments in Rome historic centre , with kitchen, in any area you want. From the Spanish Steps to the Colosseum, Piazza Navona, the Pantheon, Campo de 'Fiori, Trevi Fountain, St. Peter, Via Veneto. Art, history, culture, folklore, religion, magic, everything is mixed in these areas of Rome, where you will find everything a historical city has to offer.
For lovers of ancient Rome, of course, recommend apartments near the Colosseum and Fori Imperiali. For those looking for here is that the baroque Piazza di Spagna, Piazza Navona, St. Peter's Square and the Trevi Fountain could leave you spellbound. For those looking for the true air of Rome , Trastevere certainly respond to these needs.
But what stunned all the tourists as it is in every corner of the city there are evidences of a past too far. A city that offers not only in the center but also in the more remote areas such as the Appia Antica and Ostia Antica the evidence of a time that Rome has stood still. And if you want to live Rome as a Roman daily lives ... recommend renting one of the many self catering apartments in the historical centre of Rome that BB-Roma offers, with low prices. You can book quickly and at the best price.


MELBOURNE: With Donald Trump struggling to keep his presidency on an even keel in a cacophonous first month, die-hard supporters have a message for their champion: stay on offense, never modulate, never change.
Trump is under immense pressure as missteps have plagued his debut, with opposition lawmakers and observers lobbing one assault after another at the new US commander-in-chief. They say he lies, he lacks understanding of crucial issues, his White House is already riven with scandal and warring factions, and he's dismissing the US Constitution by attacking the media.
Even some fellow Republicans are expressing alarm. On Saturday, Trump escaped the fiery cauldron of Washington to host a boisterous rally in Melbourne, Florida, where he was greeted with open arms by loyal supporters who insist his presidency is running smoothly.
And they sniffed at charges that Trump, now the world's most powerful man, is refusing to moderate the aggression, impulsiveness and sniping that defined his 2016 campaign which ended in shock victory.
"I want to see more of it," Steven Migdalski, a 53-year-old unemployed computer technician from Titusville, Florida, told AFP during his seven-hour wait to enter the Trump rally. He gave emphatic approval of Trump's combative tone with the press and his hasty policy steps including his controversial executive order restricting immigration.
"I am totally ecstatic that a Republican president has the balls — the fight in him — to push back against not only fake news," but the political establishment, said Migdalski, proudly displaying his red "Built Trump Tough" shirt. Never mind that Trump's debut has sent jitters across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans with policy musings that contradict decades-old US policy regarding the Western alliance and post-World War II order.
"He's upsetting the globalists. And I hope they're afraid," Migdalski said. Such is the damn-the-torpedoes support Trump enjoys with his core base — largely white and male, predominantly working class, and increasingly nationalistic.
In more than a dozen interviews with supporters, they said they are backing their man, despite — perhaps even because of — his controversial actions. But supporters are aware that they too provide the energy, adulation and respect on which Trump feeds — a symbiotic relationship that was on full display in Melbourne.
Washington is not a friendly town for any occupant of the White House, and Trump appeared thrilled to return to a campaign-styled event, complete with a woman holding up a poster with the words "Hillary for Prison," even though Hillary Clinton was defeated months ago.
"I think he needs this. Everyday he hears hatred and negativity each time he turns on the TV," said Tammy Allen, a self-employed independent distributor in Melbourne who was in the rally crowd with three friends holding "Women For Trump" signs.
High school student Jacob Wyskoski turned 18 last year, and cast his first-ever vote in November, for Trump. "We used to be the strongest, the biggest, the most powerful nation in all of the world. We need that back," he said, echoing a common refrain among voters old enough to recall the US power that ended the Cold War.
As for Trump appearing to live his presidency with boxing gloves on, Wyskoski said, "we need someone who's willing to fight for this country, and I feel like he's the guy who is going to get in the ring if we need him to.
" Several supporters brushed aside the ongoing congressional investigations about the role Russia may have played in influencing the US presidential election, and potential connections between the Trump campaign and Russian officials prior to the vote.
"Knock yourself out. Get all the people you want" to investigate Trump, said Mike Sikula, a retired aerospace engineer. "I love him to death." That Trump irks foreign leaders, antagonizes Democrats, and blasts the media while maintaining his combative campaign style is icing on the cake.


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Olivia's Story
A latecomer to the sport, Olivia Gollan only started competitive cycling when she was 26-years-old. She received a full scholarship with the Australian Institute of Sport in 2002 and won the Australian Road Championship in 2003 as well as silver in the Time Trial and finished the season ranked in the top ten in the world. Gollan made her Olympic debut, contesting the individual road race at the Athens 2004 Olympic Games. Gollan finished 12th out of 67 riders in a time of 3.25:42. After three years with the Australian National Team, she turned pro in 2005 with the German squad Equipe Nürnberger Versicherung, the number one team in the women's ranks at the time.


CHARLOTTE McKinney feels the time is stripe to become the new face, body and designer of a swimwear collection.
The US actress and model, 25, has been hired by Guess to create its latest bikinis and cossies.
She sucked on a matching stripy straw as she promoted her own designs in its Icon range — boasting that they make her feel "confident and gorgeous".
Charlotte found fame showing off her wares at a farmers' market for a burger ad.


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Q: Which version of C should I learn? It looks like K&R "C Programming Language (2nd Edition)" covers ANSI C, but another book that I'm starting (Stephen G. Kochan "Programming in C") says that it uses C99.
I'm coming from a C#/JavaScript/Python/PHP/Java background and looking to round out my skills.
I'm currently using GCC, but I'm curious about Clang. Which version is used more in new and existing code? Does it even matter, or should I learn both?

A: I think you are confusing C language standards and specific extensions offered by compilers.
As for standards, I would learn the latest you can use to produce running code.
As for compiler, I would try to stay away from extensions as long as possible. Consider compiling in a highly standard-compliant mode (e.g. -pedantic for gcc and clang). This makes your code more portable and helps you understand the language better.

A: Learn C89 first, then learn everything that is different between C89 and C99.
A good book covering both is C Programming: A Modern Approach.
I think C89 gets used the more; GNU uses it and then, most compilers don't even support C99 (fully). GCC supports C99 only partially. Myself, the only C99 features I use are variable length arrays and single-line comments. If you want maximum portability, choose C89 for your projects, but it is still important to at least be aware of C99's features.

A: In one respect, it doesn't matter. As you build a career in programming, you're certain to encounter C, C89, C99, C++ in some variant forms, C#, Java (as a quasi-variant of C) and Objective-C (as another quasi-variant) The goal, in my opinion, would be to establish yourself as a competent programmer first, and then any language you see, including Fortran, Cobol, or Basic, will be easy to read and understand, and therefore easy to adapt to.
In that sense, an early focus on any one of those languages is fine, as long as you're prepared to adapt to the other languages as they come along.
So I say this: If you're making this a focus of academic study, then choose the most popular standard C variant in use today, and do your learning while adhering strictly to the standard set. Following that, make an analysis of the differences between your choice, and the differences.
If this is a professional focus, you're going to want to learn C# and Objective-C and know them both cold, eventually, unless you're maintaining code. And if you're a smart professional, you're also becoming expert in PHP, Python, Ruby, Visual Basic (y'know, just. in. case.) etc, etc, etc...

A: Use the C-subset of C++.   Being able to define variables close to where they are initialized and used is better than having C force you to declare a list of variables at the top.


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Morgan optimistic on Roy and Archer against India
By Reuters News Service June 29, 2019 078
England's Jason Roy during nets
England opener Jason Roy is set to return from a torn hamstring in Sunday's crucial Cricket World Cup match against India, said captain Eoin Morgan who is optimistic quick Jofra Archer will continue to play through a side strain.
England need all hands on deck after back-to-back defeats complicated their semi-finals passage ahead of their last two group assignments against India and New Zealand — teams they have not beaten in World Cup since 1992.
Roy smashed 153 against Bangladesh but has since sat out with the injury, while replacement James Vince managed 40 in three innings.
"Jason is preparing to play tomorrow," Morgan told reporters at Edgbaston on Saturday.
"Providing he gets through to today's practice and tomorrow morning unscathed, we think that he might be fit to play."
Roy has been crucial to England's rise to the top of one-day rankings and Morgan said he would risk playing the 28-year-old unless it meant long-term injury for the opener.
"Depending on the significance of the risk. If it was going to rule him out long term, absolutely not. If it was going to rule him out for a couple of weeks, yes," he said.
Archer did not bowl on Friday but rolled his arms on Saturday.
"We're going to see how he comes through today. It's the same thing he's been playing with the last three games. So we'll see how he comes through today," Morgan said.
Many saw the team under Morgan as the strongest England side in a World Cup but defeats by Sri Lanka and Australia have intensified pressure on the hosts.
Morgan admitted his team, who had made it a habit to post 300-plus score heading into the tournament, have struggled to adjust to pitches where teams have successfully defended sub-250 totals but refused to blame his team mates.
"I can't fault the commitment or application that the guys have produced in every single game," Morgan said.
"Where we've let ourselves down as a group is adapting to conditions. It's been a bigger challenge in this World Cup than previous bilateral series that we've played.
"So tomorrow's going to be the exact same. We're going to have to adapt to conditions, adapt to playing against a strong side in India."
China grants prisoner amnesty ahead of 70th anniversary of state founding
President undergoes surgery on thigh after fall (update 2)
Reuters News Service
Reuters News Service July 18, 2019
Iacovos Constantinou July 18, 2019 July 17, 2019
Press Association July 18, 2019 July 17, 2019


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Halfway to justice
The 50 per cent reservation mark is a principle of political morality....
Written by MADHAV KHOSLA |
July 16, 2010 3:08:14 am
Earlier this week,the Supreme Court passed orders on legislation in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu that provide for reservations in excess of 50 per cent in public employment and education. The cases dealt with challenges to the Tamil Nadu Backward Classes,Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Reservation of Seats in Educational Institutions and of Appointment or Posts in the Services under the State) Act,1993,and the Karnataka Scheduled Castes,Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes (Reservation of Seats in Educational Institutions and Appointments or Posts in the Services under the State) Act,1994. The court permitted the laws to continue in operation,and much has been made of its apparent sanction for quotas in excess of 50 per cent. In reality,however,the court's orders are interim in nature,and it would be premature to predict their impact on the final judgment.
Nonetheless,the spirited debate that the issue has invited gives us a useful opportunity to reflect upon the 50 per cent lakshman rekha. The Constitution has a unique approach to addressing equality: Articles 15 and 16 adopt an asymmetric anti-discrimination principle. Consequently,the central legal concerns in India are less about whether reservations are per se constitutionally permissible,and more about the relationship between these specific enabling provisions and the universal equality guarantee in Article 14,the identification of beneficiaries,and the intrusiveness of affirmative action measures. Once this constitutional scheme is appreciated,it appears that the 50 per cent limit on quotas is not a necessary ingredient of equality. It is tempting to view the limit as a policy question which,despite enormous ramifications,has little to do with the Constitution.
This argument remains unpersuasive,however,because it fails to recognise that the limit expresses an important principle of political morality: it sets the equality norm. In other words,exceeding the limit changes the foundations of our equality guarantee; the forms of discrimination that formal equality ought to protect and the exceptions it must seek to accommodate. The 50 per cent ceiling is not simply an attempt to allow for a certain degree of representation in the general category; it is an effort to limit the extent to which our society embraces proportional representation. Crossing the Rubicon towards a proportional representation model moves the focus from equality of opportunity to equality of outcomes; it narrowly limits access to public employment and education to identity-based considerations.
Earlier this year,the 50 per cent limit on reservations was at issue in Union of India vs Rakesh Kumar. The case dealt with reservations for Scheduled Tribes in panchayats in scheduled areas and involved an inquiry into the constitutional validity of the panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act,1996. The court upheld reservations in excess of 50 per cent on the rationale that panchayats in scheduled areas warrant exceptional treatment. In doing so,the court did not address how the Constitution structures the equality norm.
Reservations are typically viewed through the lens of distributive justice. The emphasis is on determining the most equitable distribution of benefits and burdens.
But reservations in panchayats involve representation and so may also be analysed in an alternate conceptual fashion. To wit,through the prism of democratic theory. Thus,a critical issue in Rakesh Kumar was how such reservations would impact political participation. The court skirted this issue,regarding it to be merely "an incidental consequence of the reservation policy."
In Indra Sawhney,the court cautiously expressed the possibility of exceptions to the 50 per cent limit but remained inarticulate on its conceptual foundations. Reversing the equality norm moves beyond substantive equality; it is not simply a matter of degree and requires new justifying reasons for support.
In cases like Rakesh Kumar the burden is even higher,for distributive justice is not the sole criterion that merits examination. It is unclear how the court will address these issues as it considers Tamil Nadu and Karnataka's laws. Mediating the tension between compulsory quotas and equal opportunity is no easy task,but explicating the equality norm that the 50 per cent limit embodies could be a good beginning.
The writer is a research associate at the Centre for Policy Research,Delhi
express@expressindia.com
Madhav KhoslaThe writer is a researcher at Harvard University and writer of 'The In... read more
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