text:
Wallpaper Buildings
1048 N. Marshfield Ave. at Cortez
Robert Venturi famously grouped the ornamentation of buildings into two types: "The Duck", a building with an iconic and usually literal exterior shape (named for a souvenir shop on Long Island built in the shape of a giant duck), and "The Decorated Shed", a constructed box with ornamental systems applied to it – exemplified by the Gothic cathedrals with their huge ornamental facades standing in front of vast warehouses of religious space.
Our Lady of Sorrows Basilica, 3121 W Jackson Boulevard
Nearly all common Chicago architecture falls squarely into the second group, to the extent that the city's architecture is often a structural system with a layer of cladding and ornament applied to the front, visible in the most literal (and sometimes comical) of ways. My own shorthand for these is "Wallpaper Buildings".
2900 N. Mildred Avenue at W. George Street. This is the back and side of a massive U-shaped courtyard apartment. At left, the facade continues on minus the structure without missing a beat, adding one last bay to shelter the rear stairs from the street. We are not meant to notice the disconnect.
When you see it, you'll see it everywhere. It makes you think about the nature of a building, of construction and design. Is architecture a frame with an elaborate weatherproof sculpture in front of it? Is it still architecture if you remove the frame? What happens when the sculpture ceases to be sculptural, or ceases to have mass, or ceases to have decoration? The story of the Wallpaper Building, its evolution over the years, is the story of architecture itself.
Most Chicago buildings are meant for urban settings, where the front facade is more visible than the sides or back. As a compromise between cost and quality, builders would load up the front facade with higher-grade materials and most if not all of the building's ornament. The sides and alley-facing walls usually were built of beige-colored Chicago common brick, a softer, cheaper, lower-quality material than the highly finished brick used on the front.
1363 N. Bosworth. This building does a double downgrade. The front facade (above) is the most heavily composed side, with stone and heavily articulated finish brick; the side comes second, with a lesser grade of brick but still ornamented with considerable corbeled brickwork; the utterly plain backside (below) is done in Chicago common brick.
Sometimes, though, the sides and back weren't nearly as invisible as the designer would like to imagine. My favorite example is in Buffalo, New York (where Louis Sullivan's towering Guaranty Building has two insanely ornate sides facing the streets… and two completely plain brick wall sides facing the alleys) but there are plenty of similar instances in Chicago. The idea, obviously, is that a tall neighbor would eventually cover up the sides not facing the street. Sometimes it might have even worked out that way.
And sometimes it didn't.
A view north from the Wilson Red Line stop in Uptown shows no less than 5 buildings with decorative facades and unornamented sides.
The design strategy was not limited to low-budget buildings. Some of the city's most ornate and lavish buildings switch over to cheaper common brick on the sides. Many feature bay windows projecting from the common brick sides, a pointed acknowledgement that the sides are indeed visible and always would be.
2424-2428 N. Geneva Terrace, Lincoln Park
1547 N. Dearborn Parkway, Gold Coast – an 1891 mansion by architect August Fielder, still a private residence. Yours for only $13.75 million!
The approach was more successful with mid-block buildings on neighborhood streets, where a builder could count on having similarly scaled neighbors only a few feet away from his sidewalls.
3000 block of S. Bonfield Avenue, Bridgeport
2700 block of S. Wallace Street, Bridgeport. The exposed wall bears a faded ghost ad for long-vanished Selz shoes brand, possibly a reference to the Selz Good Shoes Lady.
At some point, this common design response changed from an adaptive strategy to a default setting, used even when it didn't make a lot of sense. Hence the full-lot houses in many neighborhoods with their plain brick sides exposed for all the world to see. A more cohesive design approach might have found a middle-grade material to use on all sides while evening out the cost between expensive front facade brick and cheap common side brick, or just left off the front facade upgrade altogether, since in these cases it only serves to call out the lower quality materials adjacent to it. But builders of the time just weren't rolling that way. Why? I have only guesses.
1329 W. Chicago Avenue at Throop, West Town
1500 N. Walton Street, West Town
1301 N. Greenview Avenue at Potomac, West Town – Chicago
All this stuff drove the early Modernists crazy. They couldn't stand the notion of buildings having hierarchy, fronts and backs, important sides and secondary sides, decorative skin and hidden structure. To the most dogmatic among them, these things reflected the hierarchies of unjustly stratified societies, the moral decay that precipitated the First World War.
Today, of course, we take a different view. The ornate facade is seen as a gracious gesture, a polite and noble contribution to the public space of the street. Decorating the front of the building is about living up to social norms and expectations, treating your neighbors well, showing respect for the people around you, saying "hello", enhancing the public space.
1901 N. Bissell Street at Wisconsin, Ranch Triangle – Chicago
It does still raise the question, though: why is the person riding the Red Line or walking through the alley somehow less deserving of social graces than the person on the front sidewalk? Is the Bridgeview Uptown Bank building a gracious neighbor, or a dowager in a hospital gown, with the backside hanging open and flapping in the breeze, mooning the rest of the world?
The disconnect between the artistically designed components of a building and the bulk of its mass was a driver of Modernist philosophy, as its young masters sought to design buildings as complete entities – respectfully and properly clad on all sides, among other things. There would be no hidden back; all sides of the building would be forever visible as it sat on its site in splendid isolation.
University of Chicago D'Angelo Law Library, Eero Saarinen, 1958
The Esplanade Apartment Buildings at 900-910 Lake Shore Drive, Mies van der Rohe, 1956 – essentially an expansion of his famous 860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments from 1949, next door.
Structure and cladding would become one. The facade ceased to be a thing of mass, of sculpture, of elaboration, of separation; it became a mere cladding, a pattern, an expression of the structure that lay just beneath it.
Pre-war buildings are sometimes subjected to "facadectomies", with everything but the decorative front wall torn down and a new structure erected behind the old facade. It's physically possible because old masonry facades are structural entities, capable of carrying their own weight even if they weren't structurally integral to the building behind them.
The facade of the Fine Arts Building Annex, 421 S. Wabash Ave, suspended in place after the rest of the building was demolished in 2010. It was subsequently had a new Roosevelt University building grafted onto it from behind.
Group facadectomy on the 000 block of S. Wabash Avenue, 2008
Citizens State Bank of Chicago, just off Lincoln Avenue, creatively remade into loft apartments circa 2007.
Chicago's had its fair share of them, though usually the city's ethos is just to knock everything the hell down and start over, because, hey, history don' make money, know what I'm sayin'? An anyway, all dem old things is old, y'know? (By comparison, stronger preservation laws mean the practice is absolutely rampant in downtown Washington DC, where almost no pre-war buildings remain in their original state.)
No orthodox Modernist building could survive such an operation. Take down the building and the skin has to come with it.
The IBM Building – 330 N. Wabash Avenue, Mies van der Rohe, 1969
You do not tear down the building while leaving behind a Modernist facade; if you were interested, though, you could rip off the facade while keeping everything else, and transform the building into something different. This possibility was painfully rendered evident during the recent demolition of Prentice Hospital.
The "pedestal" portion of Prentice was a steel and concrete frame supporting a thin, non-structural outer skin.
However, late Chicago Modernists, as I've discussed before, weren't always adherents to orthodoxy. Finish brick on the front, common brick on the side – step away from the Loop, and the old patterns rolled right on into the 1960s.
1111 W. 47th Street, Back of the Yards – Chicago
There's beauty to be found in both approaches, and some part of me admits: a neighborhood street with a solid wall of elaborate facades is a lot nicer than a more middling approach. Who cares about those side walls anyhow? Some of Chicago's most beautiful streets have been created this way. It's not orthodox or pure… just pretty. Pleasant. Human. "Pretty" may sound vapid, but it's hard to argue with "human".
Modern construction techniques, however, have come down firmly on the side of the structure-and-skin approach. One might say that the thin-skinned buildings of today are more covered in something akin to wallpaper than ever before – layers of thin and varied materials, each serving a particular function – sub-structure, moisture protection, framing, insulation. To build a structurally self-supporting facade – a facade with significant mass, heft and depth – requires a massive material, like stone, brick or concrete. Stone is too expensive to transport, cut and lay up; brick has been reduced to just another facade material, just another form of thin skin. Nobody's managed to use concrete block in a way that doesn't look hideously ugly, the lessons of Frank Lloyd Wright's textile block phase apparently having been forgotten.
The last stand of the facade-as-mass approach could be found in Brutalism, since poured-in-place concrete is the last massive material that can be affordably transported. The style died out with the 1970s, when architects found that almost nobody liked the look of exposed concrete (except architects). It is currently one of the most hotly contested architectural styles around as its buildings age into their 40s and 50s, their structural skins flaking and spalling in the weather; beating up on it online is currently in vogue with folks everywhere.
Chicago never had many Brutalist buildings, and as of 2014 it has one fewer still.
Most significant remaining examples are likewise Bertrand Goldberg designs.
The Vic Theater, 3145 N. Sheffield Avenue, Lakeview; architect John Pridmore, 1912
With the passing of Brutalism, the victory of attached skin over embedded mass is complete; the Modernists have had their way – though it was via the economies of materials and labor, rather than a triumph of philosophy. The Wallpaper Building as described above is now a relic of a bygone age.
This entry was posted in Architectural Ornament and Materials, Bridgeport, building types, Materials, Midcentury Modernism, The Loop. Bookmark the permalink.
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20 thoughts on "Wallpaper Buildings"
This reminds me of suburban eyesores like this:
http://www.memefirst.com/001325.html
John Clouse says:
As always, I am in awe and grateful for the lesson.
I have noted that many three-story house (nomenclature?) stone fronts are accompanied by common brick side walls, even when those walls were always intended to be seen from the street
repowers2 says:
@Bee – hahaha! See also: http://www.beltstl.com/2007/03/st-louis-brick-by-brick/
Bertrand, not Bertram, Goldberg.
@Philippe – Whoops! Fixed – thanks for the correction.
hmjung says:
2424-2428 N. Geneva Terrace, Old Town is labeled incorrectly. NOT Old Town…it is Park West in Lincoln Park
John R says:
The one photograph is not 860-880 N.Lake Shore Drive, I believe it is 900 N. Lake Shore Drive,
a later building by Mies Van Der Rohe.
Thanks for the additional fixes, folks. Yeah, the aerial Mies is the Esplanade apartments. I always thought of the two pairs as a single complex, though technically they are not.
Old Town, Lincoln Park, Lakeview, it's all the same thing, right?? (innit? I'm guessing a lot of these things get caught when the addresses are filtered through Everyblock.) Sometimes I put my best guess down as a placeholder and either forget or don't think to go back and check it. You'd be amazed how easy it is to forget things like that!
Is there a way to tell whether the brick is a structural or just a veneer on these? On the unornamented side walls the brick most often seems to be load-bearing, in a common bond pattern, though I know very little about this and so may be wrong. And on the facades it often seems only ornamental. (But, many of these also have lintels or arches over the windows which may indicate that they are structural walls?) Is there a way to have two load-bearing walls on the sides and a purely ornamental one on the front? Or do all of these buildings just have brick cladding, ornamental and not, but internal structures, like shorter versions of the Bridgeview building? You seem to be saying that the brick is just decorative, but I'm curious if there's a way to tell.
M: good questions. There isn't usually any indication on the outside, but the long walls usually are the bearing walls – since the joists run across the building's shorter dimension.
Facade brick is usually backed by a couple of layers of common brick, as I've observed on any number of crumbling or under-demolition structures. Side walls vary, as far as I know, but 3 layers seems to be typical.
The fancy facades are non-structural insofar as they don't support the building's major components (floors, roof), but structural insofar as they don't depend on anything else to bear their weight. You could literally tear them off and the building would remain standing, just as you can knock down the building and leave the facade. (They do provide sheer bracing for the building, and they might also hold some structurally minor items like floor and ceiling framing ends.) Arched brick window heads on pre-WW1 buildings are usually structural as well, but again they're just carrying the weight of the wall above them.
http://www.builtstlouis.net/northside/1906.html See here for a look inside the guts of a structural brick building.
http://www.builtstlouis.net/southside/soulard14.html – one sure way to know if the wall is structural is if it has iron tie-back rod ends. See the third photo from the bottom on this page.
That is very helpful and makes total sense, thanks!
Debra Galbo says:
We are having a family discussion on where the beige brick, Chicago common brick, is manufactured, and why that color is so popular in Chicago. Any answers would be appreciated.
I had always thought it was from sand or clay from Lake Michigan.
Don't have a strong answer, but here's some thoughts that might help:
1) Brick was generally made locally
2) Chicago common brick was considered a low-quality material, so its popularity is likely due to cost reasons
3) Just up the road, Milwaukee "cream city" brick was highly prized. Similar hue but purer, maybe stronger? Maybe from related geologic materials?
Thank you for your response, very helpful.
Another terrific blog, much appreciated!
JimA in Chicago says:
M: Re "Is there a way to have two load-bearing walls on the sides and a purely ornamental one on the front?" repowers2 is correct in his evaluation. Depending on the height the 1st floor could be 2, 3 or 4 courses thick with higher floors losing a course. The facade is not necessarily structural (except onto itself) but may assist in tying the side walls together so they don't bow out. The reason you don't see structures with brick sides and purely decorative facades is that not having all sides of a structure brick/masonry/structural metal means the building is not considered masonry construction and this matters with local government authorities and insurance companies.
repowers2: You forget "facade lifts". See 514 Barry, a 60's four plus one that got an stylistically odd update somewhere along the way.
Umm, the reason to use common chicago brick on the "lesser" (side and back) facades – it's called "money". Why spend it where "nobody" will see it? The Modernists who did not believe in a "front" or "back" of a building built in places – let's say Cabrini Green – needed or forced the site to be where you would place the building like an island in the middle of a moat of lawn and/or parking. If they refused to think of a house on a typical Chicago street with a "front" (on the street) and a "back" (facing the alley and backyard) they were not a very good architect, because that is where the front and back of the building are.
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text:
<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace Doctrine\Tests\ORM\Cache;

use Doctrine\ORM\Cache\EntityCacheKey;
use Doctrine\ORM\Cache\CollectionCacheKey;
use Doctrine\Tests\DoctrineTestCase;

/**
 * @group DDC-2183
 */
class CacheKeyTest extends DoctrineTestCase
{
    public function testEntityCacheKeyIdentifierCollision()
    {
        $key1 = new EntityCacheKey('Foo', ['id'=>1]);
        $key2 = new EntityCacheKey('Bar', ['id'=>1]);

        self::assertNotEquals($key1->hash, $key2->hash);
    }

    public function testEntityCacheKeyIdentifierType()
    {
        $key1 = new EntityCacheKey('Foo', ['id'=>1]);
        $key2 = new EntityCacheKey('Foo', ['id'=>'1']);

        self::assertEquals($key1->hash, $key2->hash);
    }

    public function testEntityCacheKeyIdentifierOrder()
    {
        $key1 = new EntityCacheKey('Foo', ['foo_bar'=>1, 'bar_foo'=> 2]);
        $key2 = new EntityCacheKey('Foo', ['bar_foo'=>2, 'foo_bar'=> 1]);

        self::assertEquals($key1->hash, $key2->hash);
    }

    public function testCollectionCacheKeyIdentifierType()
    {
        $key1 = new CollectionCacheKey('Foo', 'assoc', ['id'=>1]);
        $key2 = new CollectionCacheKey('Foo', 'assoc', ['id'=>'1']);

        self::assertEquals($key1->hash, $key2->hash);
    }

    public function testCollectionCacheKeyIdentifierOrder()
    {
        $key1 = new CollectionCacheKey('Foo', 'assoc', ['foo_bar'=>1, 'bar_foo'=> 2]);
        $key2 = new CollectionCacheKey('Foo', 'assoc', ['bar_foo'=>2, 'foo_bar'=> 1]);

        self::assertEquals($key1->hash, $key2->hash);
    }

    public function testCollectionCacheKeyIdentifierCollision()
    {
        $key1 = new CollectionCacheKey('Foo', 'assoc', ['id'=>1]);
        $key2 = new CollectionCacheKey('Bar', 'assoc', ['id'=>1]);

        self::assertNotEquals($key1->hash, $key2->hash);
    }

    public function testCollectionCacheKeyAssociationCollision()
    {
        $key1 = new CollectionCacheKey('Foo', 'assoc1', ['id'=>1]);
        $key2 = new CollectionCacheKey('Foo', 'assoc2', ['id'=>1]);

        self::assertNotEquals($key1->hash, $key2->hash);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


To mark 25 years since Estonia declared independence from the Soviet Union, here are a few things you didn't know about the country.
When it comes to winning Olympic medals, Estonia really punches above its weight. Not including this summer's Games in Rio, has picked up a total of 25.5 medals per million residents. Only seven countries have a greater strike rate. Estonia is also one of 51 countries that receive more tourists each year than its total population.
An estimated 7.3 per cent of Estonia's population were killed during the Second World War – a higher percentage than almost every other European country (Poland, Lithuania and Latvia are the exceptions). A further 10 per cent of its population were subsequently deported to Soviet labour camps.
According to a Gallup Poll, Estonia is the world's least religious country. Just 16 per cent of respondents said religion was an important back of their life, compared to 27 per cent of Britons, 65 per cent of Americans and 100 per cent of Bangladeshis and Indonesians.


The city has much to celebrate as it has already reached the milestone of completing 100 years as a Capital. With a history that goes back many centuries, Delhi showcases an ancient culture and a rapidly modernizing country. All this is combined with the best features of a modern city such as a metro system, bustling markets, and fabulous eating places. The past and the present meld seamlessly together, making centuries-old monuments a part of the city's daily life. Even today, one can have a fascinating glimpse into the past in Old Delhi, with its labyrinth of narrow lanes, old havelis, and colourful bazaars. Rickshaws wind their way through this crowded, bustling capital of the Mughals. Central Delhi, with its tree-lined avenues, imposing structures, and buildings such as the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Parliament House, and India Gate, reflects Delhi's colonial past. A number of museums provide a glimpse into the country's fascinating history. But the modern Delhi has a lot more to offer. Delhi has a modern, well-planned and extensive Metro network that connects all corners of Delhi. New malls and entertainment centers jostle for space with a growing number of brand new hospitals, residential complexes, and sporting facilities. Delhi is now a dream destination for those seeking expert medical attention and superior OPD and IPD facilities.
Besides the Metro, which connects all of Delhi's landmarks to the city center as well as most suburbs, the new, a fun way to explore Delhi is by booking a HOHO bus tour. Hop on- Hop off buses, better known as HO – HOs, have been introduced by Delhi Tourism for visitors who wish to tour the city in a single day. With so many transport options, visitors now have the ability to go wherever they want – and there are a lot of places to see and a lot of things to do here. There is the age old-yet-perfectly preserved, sprawling heritage complexes featuring architecture from the Mughal and Tughlaq periods. New additions to the city, such as Akshardham Temple and also the Lotus Temple are also great places to visit and give an idea of its multi-faceted culture.
No visit to Delhi is complete without an experience of its famed specialties such as its delicious curries, barbecued tikkas, and kebabs. It is also a shoppers' haven, whether you want to pick up some rich, woven silks, handicrafts, or ethnic cushions for your home. For cuisine of different Indian states and an array of Indian art and craft, there are three Dilli Haats in Delhi at INA, Pitampura and the brand new Dilli Haat at Janakpuri.
It is time to celebrate this city which is a symbol of the country's rich past and thriving present. As a Capital city, it is fittingly a window to the country. So come and look out of the window and discover a whole new city of numerous stories and experiences.


text:
Górecki: A Nonesuch Retrospective (7-CD Set)
Lerchenmusik: Recitatives and Ariosos, Op. 53: I.
Lerchenmusik: Recitatives and Ariosos, Op. 53: II.
Lerchenmusik: Recitatives and Ariosos, Op. 53: III.
Symphony No. 3: I. Lento - Sostenuto Tranquillo Ma Cantabile
Symphony No. 3: II. Lento E Largo - Tranquillissimo
Symphony No. 3: III. Lento - Cantabile-Semplice
Already It Is Dusk: String Quartet No. 1, Op. 62
Quasi una Fantasia: String Quartet No. 2, Op. 64: I. Largo Sostenuto - Mesto
Quasi una Fantasia: String Quartet No. 2, Op. 64: II. Deciso—Energico; Furioso, Tranquillo - Mesto
Quasi una Fantasia: String Quartet No. 2, Op. 64: III. Arioso: Adagio Cantabile
Quasi una Fantasia: String Quartet No. 2, Op.64: IV. Allegro—Sempre Con Grand
Miserere, Op. 44
Amen, Op. 35
Euntes Ibant et Flebant, Op. 32
Wislo Moja, Wislo Szara (My Vistula, Grey Vistula), Op. 46
Szeroka Woda (Broad Waters), Op. 39: A Ta Nasza Narew (Oh, Our River Narew)
Szeroka Woda (Broad Waters), Op. 39: Oj, Kiedy No Powisle (O, When in Powisle)
Szeroka Woda (Broad Waters), Op. 39: Szeroka Woda (Broad Waters), Op. 39: Szeroka Woda (Broad Waters), Op. 39: Oj, Janie, Janie
Szeroka Woda (Broad Waters), Op. 39: Polne Róze Rwala (She Picked Wild Roses)
Szeroka Woda (Broad Waters), Op. 39: maestoso espressivo
Kleines Requiem für eine Polka: I. Tranquillo
Kleines Requiem für eine Polka: II. Allegro impetuoso—marcatissimo
Kleines Requiem für eine Polka: III. Allegro—deciso assai
Kleines Requiem für eine Polka: IV. Adagio cantabile
Concerto for Harpsichord and String Orchestra: I. Allegro molto
Concerto for Harpsichord and String Orchestra: II. Vivace
Good Night: I. Lento (adagio)—tranquillo
Good Night: II. Lento tranquillissimo
Good Night: III. Lento—largo: dolcissimo—cantabilissimo
…songs are sung: String Quartet No. 3: I. Adagio-Molto andante-Cantabile
…songs are sung: String Quartet No. 3: II. Largo, Cantabile
…songs are sung: String Quartet No. 3: III. Allegro, Sempre ben marcato
…songs are sung: String Quartet No. 3: IV. Deciso-Espressivo ma ben tenuto
…songs are sung: String Quartet No. 3: V. Largo-Tranquillo
Symphony No. 4: I. Deciso – Marcatissimo ma ben tenuto
Symphony No. 4: II. Largo-Ben Tenuto – Marcatissimo
Symphony No. 4: III. Deciso-Marcatissimo – Tranquillo e Cantabile
Symphony No. 4: IV. Allegro Marcato – Giocosa – Deciso – Marcatissimo ma ben tenuto
Henryk Górecki's Symphony No. 3 Released on Nonesuch 25 Years Ago
Polish composer Henryk Górecki's Symphony No. 3, Symphony of Sorrowful Songs, was released on Nonesuch Records 25 years ago today, April 24, 1992. Górecki had composed the piece in 1976, but it didn't appear on disc until then. The recording of the emotionally affecting piece, featuring soprano Dawn Upshaw and the London Sinfonietta led by conductor David Zinman, proved spellbinding to a diverse international audience, becoming the highest-selling album ever by a contemporary composer. "Perhaps people find something they need in this piece of music," Górecki speculated. "Somehow I hit the right note, something they were missing."
Henryk Górecki's Symphony No. 4, Box Set Retrospective, and Symphony No. 3 LP Out Now
Today marks the release of the late Henryk Górecki's final composition, Symphony No. 4, Tansman Episodes, recorded during the 2014 world premiere performance at Royal Festival Hall with London Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Andrey Boreyko. The piece, incomplete at the time of Górecki's death, had precise indications for orchestration, which Górecki's son Mikolaj, also a composer, used to complete it. NPR calls it "an intriguing summation of the sounds of a singular career." Symphony No. 4 is out individually and as part of Henryk Górecki: A Nonesuch Retrospective, a seven-disc box set containing all Nonesuch recordings of Górecki works. Also out now: the first vinyl LP of the beloved 1992 Nonesuch recording of Górecki's Symphony No. 3.
Nonesuch Records released Henryk Górecki: A Nonesuch Retrospective, a seven-disc box set containing all Nonesuch recordings of Górecki works—Lerchenmusik; Symphony No. 3; String Quartets Nos. 1, 2, and 3; Miserere; Kleines Requiem für eine Polka; Harpsichord Concerto; and Good Night—as well as the first recording of the late composer's final work, Symphony No. 4, Tansman Episodes, on January 22, 2016.
The recording of Symphony No. 4, available both in the box and individually, was made during the 2014 world premiere performance at Royal Festival Hall with co-commissioner London Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Andrey Boreyko. The piece, which pays homage to Górecki's fellow Polish composer Alexsander Tansman, was incomplete at the time of Górecki's 2010 death and thus missed its previously scheduled premiere. However the score had precise indications for orchestration, which Górecki's son Mikolaj, also a composer, used to complete it. The Daily Telegraph said the piece "caps Górecki's reputation as an orchestral composer, but it also contains some surprises. The music … features some brutal juxtapositions of massively powerful music with slow, intimate passages for solo instruments, including prominent parts for piano and organ."
The first vinyl LP of the beloved 1992 Nonesuch recording of Górecki's Symphony No. 3 also will be released on January 22.
Born in 1933, Henryk Górecki spent most of his life in southern Poland. He was a leading composer of the Polish avant-garde in the 1950s and later reached a worldwide audience in the 1990s thanks to the success of his Symphony No. 3. The work was composed in 1976, and was at that time shocking in its tonality and simplicity, but it was with the release of the 1992 Nonesuch recording of the piece, featuring Dawn Upshaw and the London Sinfonietta, that it attracted international attention, selling more than a million copies and climbing to the top of the classical music charts in both the US and the UK. On the unexpected popularity of the piece, the composer remarked, "Perhaps people find something they need in this piece of music ... somehow I hit the right note, something they were missing. Something somewhere had been lost to them. I feel that I instinctively knew what they needed."
The London Philharmonic Orchestra was founded in 1932 by Sir Thomas Beecham. Since then, its principal conductors have included Sir Adrian Boult, Sir Georg Solti, Klaus Tennstedt, and Kurt Masur. In 2007, Vladimir Jurowski became the Orchestra's principal conductor. The London Philharmonic Orchestra has been performing at Southbank Centre's Royal Festival Hall since it opened in 1951, becoming resident orchestra in 1992. It also has residencies in Brighton and Eastbourne, and performs regularly around the UK. The Orchestra frequently tours abroad: highlights of the 2014–15 season included appearances across Europe, including Iceland, and tours to the USA (West and East Coasts), Canada, and China. The Orchestra broadcasts regularly on television and radio, and has recorded soundtracks for numerous films including The Lord of the Rings. In 2005 it began releasing live, studio, and archive recordings on its own CD label.
Symphony No. 4 received its US premiere in January of this year, by co-commissioner Los Angeles Philharmonic, and was performed in February by the Netherlands Radio Philharmonic Orchestra at the Concertgebouw (which is home to the piece's third co-commissioner, the ZaterdagMatinee concert series). This recording was supported by the Adam Mickiewicz Institute as part of the Polska Music program.
For musician and production credits:
Disc 1, Lerchenmusik, click here
Disc 2, Symphony No. 3, click here
Disc 3, Already It Is Dusk / Quasi una fantasia, click here
Disc 4, Miserere, click here
Disc 5, Kleines Requiem für eine Polka / Harpsichord Concerto / Good night, click here
Disc 6, ...songs are sung, click here
Cover photograph by William Clift
Executive Producer: Robert Hurwitz
$10 FLAC
$14 96/24 HD FLAC
Górecki: Symphony No. 4
Henryk Górecki, Kronos Quartet
Górecki: String Quartet No. 3 ("... songs are sung")
Górecki: Kleines Requiem für eine Polka / Harpsichord Concerto / Good Night
Górecki: Miserere
Górecki: String Quartets Nos. 1 & 2
$14 CD+MP3
Henryk Górecki, Dawn Upshaw
Górecki: String Quartet No. 1 / Lerchenmusik
on July 15, 2015 - 10:09am
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This seven-disc box set contains all Nonesuch recordings of Polish composer Henryk Górecki's works—Lerchenmusik, Symphony No. 3, String Quartets Nos. 1–3, Miserere, Kleines Requiem für eine Polka, Harpsichord Concerto, and Good Night—as well as the newly released first recording of Górecki's final composition, Symphony No. 4, Tansman Episodes, which was completed by Górecki's son Mikolaj after his father's death. "A commanding, haunting farewell … a conscious summing-up," says the New Yorker of the final piece; "the ailing composer may have sensed that it would be his valediction."
Wednesday, July 15, 2015 - 10:00
7CD Box Set

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That means workshops have to be free for host schools. And even worse, these children grow up to be adults who care little for imagination and wisdom. When kids write stories, they get to express their ideas and thoughts in new and spontaneous ways. A Worn Path Eudora Welty An elderly African-American woman, Phoenix Jackson, walks through the Mississippi forest to get into town. Finish reading the story the next day, and start a new story. She loves to read but has not been exposed to many classic works of literature. If its subject had been Napoleon, or Socrates, or Solomon, my astonishment could not have been greater.
Stories can be fantastic and full of events that are impossible in real life, but there also needs to be a logical flow and consistent rules for the world of the story. Students will build writing stamina and confidence throughout the year. Part 2 has another 16 stories. Give this as an assignment after reading the story and then discuss it the following day, encouraging students to take notes and share information. What things does every story need to include?. Charlie wasted a lot of money and used to drink heavily. Cathedral Raymond Carver A woman and a blind man have kept in contact for ten years, mailing tapes to each other.
These are high school which are widely used by the high school students and high school teachers. Hopefully this will be relatable and will be an outlet for him. Climate change means that the frequency and intensity of drought and natural disasters, which effect the poor most profoundly, will rise. You have no idea how grateful I am for your site. This selection is an excellent entry point for a discussion about why feminist literature began to appear at this time and how people reacted. Frost uses about 1,010 words to teach you something about the complexity of life, death, marriage, longing, loss, and parenthood.
Another beautiful action shot from The Power of an Idea Those who continue on as regular sponsors will receive The Silence of Owls, a richly-poetic story written by a 7th grader from a village in eastern South Africa, just on the border of Mozambique and the famous Kruger National Park. Many of our visitors who are high school teachers and administrators have come to us seeking our permission to use these short stories in their classrooms to enhance the reading capacity of their students. They stand up like sentries. As they read the story in their groups, the students need to think about who will play which part, what sounds effects would be appropriate to add to the story, and how they should use their voices to indicate different characters. This is the best way to enliven the child in us.
Maria Capretta Middle School Teacher District 75 Staten Island, New York. Instead, he prefers science fiction books. Its members are all 152 accredited U. In contrast, the writers of the Romantic period valued imagination, emotion, nature, and individuality. Most are under 2,000 words; I've included an approximate word count where I could. First, the facilitator highlights inspiring leaders in their community, emphasizing how stories told by us and about us frame how we and others see the world, and are therefore immensely powerful.
This is because of the fact that they add more of the contents to their story and hus, make it big. Many are iconic works, often anthologized, and serve as common cultural reference points in literature, film, music, and popular culture. Lawrence A middle-class woman, successful but perpetually short of money, lives with her two children. In return, they'll receive outstanding child-authored storybooks from India, South Africa, Nepal, Yucatán, Lesotho, and Ghana the last 3 they've directly made possible! After each group has added to the stories, ask the originating groups to read the stories out loud. What is your favorite story? That is an incomplete list of presidential couples that lost at least one child. You can help Rakonto continue to inspire young learners by sponsoring future storybooks, helping us realize a sustainable economic model in which the education of one student provides for the education of the next. Let us do the late-night searching for you.
This short story takes the reader on an emotional journey and was quite controversial when it was published in 1894 as The Dream of an Hour before being republished under this title in 1895. And it may teach them patience. I will definitely use the Smart Organization strategy and essay rubric in the future. Children love to tell stories. Students then gradually work their way to a final product. The articles and vi… The Classroom Under the Stairs I love your collection of short stories.
However, in many places in the world, their creative voices are rarely heard or cultivated. Generally speaking, you may ask students to download their own copies outside of the one you download for your own use to their devices for their own educational studies. We established ourselves in one of the smallest and least sumptuously furnished apartments. Just wanted to say thank you. These pressures affect how members of these communities perceive education.


Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, Secretary of State for the Holy See, has announced Pope Benedict XVI will be sending a delegation to Syria to express, in the name of the Pope and the entire Church, "fraternal solidarity with the entire population".
The announcement was made during Thursday afternoon's session of the Synod of Bishops, gathered in Rome to discuss the 'New Evangelisation'.
The delegation will also express "spiritual closeness to our Christian brothers and sisters" and encourage "all those involved in seeking an agreement respectful of the rights and duties of all, with particular attention to the demands of humanitarian law".
"[We cannot] be mere spectators of a tragedy such as the one that is unfolding in Syria. In the certainty that the only possible solution to the crisis is a political solution, and bearing in mind the immense suffering of the population, the fate of displaced persons, and the future of that nation, it has been suggested that our synodal assembly express its solidarity.
"It is expected that once the necessary formalities have been carried out with the apostolic nuncio and the local authorities, the delegation will make its way to Damascus next week. In the meantime time we pray that reason and compassion might prevail".


Along with backyard chickens and canning, hunting is perhaps the ultimate DIY. In human nature and in modern life, there's always a big disconnect from this idea. Yet with the ways we're rethinking our food, for some hunting is now a classroom subject.
Chef Jesse Griffiths is based in Austin, Texas, where he is famous for his farmer's market butcher shop where he works with local meats and game, his hunting classes and for his restaurant, Dai Due. For Griffiths hunting is about eating well -- and something more. He's introducing much of what he's learned in his cookbook, Afield: A Chef's Guide to Preparing and Cooking Wild Game and Fish.
Lynne Rossetto Kasper: Why do you hunt?
Jesse Griffiths: I like to be outdoors and I love to fish. Hunting pretty much gave me an opportunity to be distracted year-round. I love to eat wild game, I love to eat in general. Hunting is an excuse to get outside and gather food. I've just always been obsessed with food and where it came from. Hunting gave me an extra connection to that.
LRK: Why do you think it's so hard for many of us to think about hunting and the field dressing, the cleaning, of the animal? On one hand it's logical, we're detached from it. But on the other hand, man has been hunting since we first started to move. There's so much violence now in our society, and yet there's this disconnect from the idea of going out there to get our own food.
JG: I think that people associate hunting with gun culture and I think that hunting should be associated with food culture. A gun is a tool that you can use to get food like the hoe that you would use to turn the soil in your garden. I think that people are pretty leery about starting to hunt because they feel that the violence, which is inherent in the process, is something that's insurmountable.
It's a difficult process, it can be emotional. I think if it's not emotional for you, you shouldn't do it. But I think that we really want to convey the fact that this has been happening for a long time. It's a good way to approach food. It makes you think about your food in general as a whole more. I think that people if they experience it, if they know people who are experiencing it in the right way or they see it done from a different perspective, then they're more likely to change their ideas about what hunting is, if they were opposed to it.
LRK: What is that emotional connection? You said if you don't feel an emotional connection it's not right.
JG: If you're taking the life of something, that's a big deal and it has some weight to it. You should always feel it. If it's a little dove or it's a big deer, it's the same as a life. That animal didn't expect its day to end like that and you are then required to treat that with the utmost respect. If you don't feel that, then I think that you're missing the point.
That feeling translates into when you're preparing things: you just put more thought into it, you're required to. You just went through this long process of getting the gear together, the traveling, the physical exertion, the excitement of the actual hunt, the processing of the animal, the packaging, and making sausage. There's so much work involved, it just makes you feel and understand food at a more base level.
LRK: You wrote something about hunting feral pigs with a woman. She harvested a pig and as she went to begin the process of dressing it, she said, "Thank you, pig."
JG: Literally that's what it was. I don't even know if I remember correctly -- she said, "Thanks, pig." It was casual, but she meant it.
I've also hunted with people who have shot their first deer and they were like, "Can I have a few minutes alone?" They really wanted to say thank you because it was heavy. It was a big deal for them.
It's not required that you get on your knees and thank every animal, but think about it, look at it, hold it in your hand, and realize that this process has begun and there's no taking it back. But it's also the beginning of something great, it's the beginning of a meal. You're going to sustain yourself, your family, your friends. It's pretty wonderful if you can grasp the importance of all of it.
LRK: Cooking game is not something people do every day. It's different than cooking most meats that we might get at the market. What are some of the things we should know when we can get a hold of that game bird or that piece of venison?
JG: First off, it's going to be a lot leaner than grocery store or even farmer's market meats. It was raised on a diet of wild grasses or seeds and it's going to have a different texture. It's not going to have all that fat and just be that sweet corn-fed animal that a lot of people are used to, so it's going to require probably -- and I'm generalizing -- a lot longer cooking. It could also require a lot shorter cooking where it's nice and rare and pink on the inside. It's a little bit of a trick and the flavor is more intense, more rich. A lot of people have had bad experiences with game or are like, "Oh, it tastes gamey."
JG: That's a good thing.
LRK: Is there a favorite way you have for cooking a game bird? I'm thinking of something small like dove.
JG: I just love grilled doves -- salt, pepper, olive oil and a hot grill. That's more because I associate that with the night of a hunt and we're all around a fire, grilling our doves -- that's a lot of it too. A good meal is a lot more than just the food.


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Home » NFL » Derek Carr: I'm not leaving, 'I'm in for the long haul'
Derek Carr: I'm not leaving, 'I'm in for the long haul'
The Oakland Raiders' disappointing season might have reached its nadir during Thursday's 34-3 loss to the San Francisco 49ers.
It's hard to imagine the season getting any worse based on the multitude of struggles the Raiders encountered against what was a one-win team starting an undrafted second-year quarterback taking his first NFL snaps.
With Oakland's season in disarray and everyone on the roster seemingly expendable in coach Jon Gruden's ongoing draft pick harvest, quarterback Derek Carr wants to make it clear he's not giving up.
"Who really wants to turn this thing around? Who really wants to do the hard things that no one wants to do? It's easy to say, 'I'd rather do it somewhere else.' That's easy," Carr said. "I think we figure that out, and going forward we find out who's a Raider, honestly. I love this place, and I'm not going anywhere. So I'm in for the long haul, and I want to see the men step up and say, 'I want to do that too.'"
The Raiders' motley crew of castoffs and past-their-prime veterans looked lost against the 49ers. The banged-up offensive line gave up eight sacks — the most Oakland has allowed since Week 6 of the 2013 season. In addition, the Raiders gave 405 total yards en route to suffering their fourth consecutive loss and their biggest point-margin loss since 2014.
Oakland has allowed a league-worst 31.5 points per game this season and the 252 points its allowed is the second most in franchise history through eight games, per NFL Research. Conversely, its only scored three points in two of its last three games.
Carr understands the Raiders are writhing in the Black Hole of mediocrity, but he wants to keep fighting.
"I think just that dog inside of you. When things suck, just to still fight," Carr said. "I know that I've got some guys I want to put in the foxhole with me, and there's a lot of 'em. So going forward, when I look at each man in the eye — I tell them before each game, 'you're going to get everything I have.' I tell them that every time — so I want to make sure when I look in everybody's eyes going forward that's the same thing."
While Gruden took responsibility for the team's dreadful performance and engaged in the typical postgame coachspeak about wanting to turn things around, it's clear he has one eye transfixed on the future. He expanded on his comments to FOX Sports' Howie Long from earlier in the week regarding players he knows who are "dying" to join the Raiders.
"I see players after every game that want to be Raiders," Gruden said. "That's been the case my entire life. I think the brand of the Raiders is an exciting one, and I think a lot of players do want to play for us in the future."
"The Oakland Raiders is a great organization. I know it's not looking pretty right now. I've heard a lot of negativity over the last six or seven months, and rightfully so. But we're going to build a championship football team here. I know a lot of people as players, as fans, just in general, want to be a part of this."
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Maluma receives harsh criticism for insulting his fans in a video
The Colombian singer scolded his fans after they were asking him if he had a new one, but what the artist did not expect is that he would receive harsh criticism for the way he addressed his fans.
Since Maluma ended his relationship with the model Natalia Barulich, With whom he met during the recordings of the musical success' Felices los 4 ′, the singer did not make his partners public again, however, it is known that his current sentimental partner is the architect Susana Gómez.
On other occasions he has been associated with some women such as Kim Kardashian, Who, very excited, showed a gift that the Antioqueño sent her, but there only exists a good friendship.
The same happened with the Venezuelan model Genesis Aleska, with whom at some point in his career he was related, but is currently the artist's girlfriend Nicky Jam; Another celebrity with whom a romance was rumored was the singer Belinda, currently the girlfriend of Mexican Christian Nodal.
Recently, the Colombian shared on his Instagram account a 'Reels' that contained the text: "When they ask me if I have a girlfriend or am I going to stay single for life", making some visual onomatopoeic gestures, while in the background it sounded his new musical theme 'Everybody', which he recorded in collaboration with the Mexican band Grupo Firme.
"Stop getting into what you no longer care about, think twice before going to open your mouth," reads part of the musical corrido with which the paisa sent a strong message to all those who ask about their partner.
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(c) members of the prescribed classes of persons.
59. (1) A delivery agent may, pay or provide one or more of the benefits set out in subsection (2) to or on behalf of a person referred to in section * of the Act in the amount determined by the administrator.
Employment and Social Services Dental Programs consist of three components.
This is a discretionary benefit.
The program is administered by the Great West Life Assurance Company.
This is a limited emergency program geared to adult social assistance recipients, 18 years of age and older.
An emergency is defined as "an immediate circumstance where the patient appears in immediate suffering, requires care and immediate appropriate treatment is instituted to correct the problem".
Eligibility records for each OW client and his/her dependents are provided to Great West Life on a daily basis.
Coverage takes effect on the date the person becomes eligible to receive OW.
2.the last day of the month in which OW ceases.
If a dental procedure is not included in the dentists' Administrative Guide, it is not a covered procedure and will not be authorized by Great West Life.
Pre-determination of treatment is not required under the Emergency Dental Program.
The program provides a basic denture program that covers dentures, denture repairs and relines.
Eligibility records for each OW client and ODSP recipient and his/her dependents is provided to Great West Life on a daily basis.
Coverage takes effect on the date the person became eligible to receive OW or ODSP.
2.the last day of the month in which OW and ODSP ceases.
Pre-determination of treatment is required under the Denture Services Program.
Effective January 2016, Ontario Works dental services to dependent children (0 – 17) of recipients on Ontario Works will be provided under the Healthy Smiles Ontario program. Healthy Smiles Ontario is a free dental program that covers regular visits to a licensed dental care provider, such as a dentist or dental hygienist. It covers a full range of preventative and early treatment dental services including regular check-ups, cleaning, fillings, x-rays and scaling.
The program is administered by Accerta and is a comprehensive dental plan designed by the Province.
Seniors are to be referred to Public Health which may charge the person for partial lab fees (dentures).
Children can receive treatment through Healthy Smiles Ontario (HSO) at 1-844-296-6306.
In all other cases, city residents may seek an eligibility assessment through the Ontario Works program.
View a list of eligible denture and emergency dental procedures.
Read a summary of dental services for people receiving Ontario Works or Ontario Disability Support Program assistance.
Read a summary of dental services for low-income residents not on social assistance.