Most dog owners need to spend a lot of time reinforcing positive behaviors in their dog and getting rid of bad behaviors such as chewing or barking. Utilize this advice to turn your disobedient dog into a well-manned furry companion.
Look at it in your dog's point of view. Frustration can be easily acquired if the dog fails to learn simple things in a rapid manner. It might make things easier if you ask yourself what is going on in your dog's mind. Looking at things with this fresh mindset can help you to find new and effective ways to train your dog.
Make sure that you set a calm tone whenever you set foot in a room where your dog is. It is nice to calmly play with your dogs, but remember to stay relaxed. If you do not recognize them right away, they will be more calm.
Your dog needs to be active frequently. Dogs can easily get bored. A bored dog will try and find something interesting to do, and training is not usually interesting. If your dog is fit and content, he will be much more likely to heed your instructions. Bring your dog along when you walk or jog.
You will have to repeat commands several times before your dog learns it. It may take as many as fifty repetitions before your dog learns the command. Try using the command more often and be very patient if you want your dog to learn.
It is best to train your dog in a crate that is the right size. Your little puppy will get bigger, remember! Choose a crate which will be suitable for the puppy when he matures into an adult. The ability to move around within the crate is paramount to the pet's comfort.
Be patient when training a dog. Patience prevents both of you from becoming frustrated and angry during the training process. Your dog will do its best to please you, but give your dog enough time to remember orders. A puppy needs to form the association between a word and the behavior you expect with that command.
Pay attention to how much time you spend training in one session. Dogs can only handle a short amount of training at a time, so don't overdo it. Training sessions should be limited to about 10 minutes of time or less.
Acclimate your dog to the source that triggers his barking fits. For example, many dogs bark because of a sound, other animals or people. Your dog should realize barking in such situations is needless.
Watch the number of treats you give your dog during the day to avoid making your dog overweight. It's very easy to overlook how many treats you give your dog, especially during a training session, but they add up if you don't pay attention.
All the time you spend with your dog will contribute to develop your dog's personality. This is crucial to know because you may undo certain behaviors by engaging in horseplay or by teasing your pet. Focus more on encouraging desirable and appropriate behaviors at all times.
You will find dogs are simply dogs. Allow for activities that let him be himself and have fun. Dogs also need to be fed a healthy diet, get exercise, and be kept busy, just as you do.
When training your dog never punish him; doing so will only make him be resistant to any further training. You should make every effort to prevent the behavior in the first place, but if your pet does misbehave, show him what he should have done instead. Training your dog is a great way to develop a positive relationship with him.
Give your dog a treat to get him to respond as you desire. After they get used to it, try giving them treats a lot less.
If you wish to participate in agility classes, be sure to choose a breed of dog that does well with this sort of activity. Almost all dogs are capable of participating. The most competitive dogs include border collies and sheepdogs.
If you plan on training your dog, try looking at dog training resources like books and magazines that pertain to your specific breed. Talk to others who have a dog of the same breed to get advice. Build a strategy around your dog's breed.
When you begin training a dog, never assume they will not bite you just because you are a human and you think you are the leader. If your dog is not trained, they might think they are the Alpha. Understanding how you should behave to show your leadership is important. Even a nice dog might bite if it is confused by your movements.
You can entice your pet to sit on his haunches by waving a treat before his nose as he stands. Move the treat backwards over his head and towards his tail. This way, the dog will need to look upward to follow along with your hand. When his head goes up, his bottom will go down.
Train a dog through positive reinforcement. You do not necessarily need to punish the dog for errors, but you should not reinforce problematic behaviors. Enforcing negatively may cause your dog to fear you. Positive reinforcement is the best way to go and gain the trust of your dog.
Keep your dog's yearly check-up appointments. It it seems like your dog is struggling or regressing with certain parts of training, make sure that your dog has good health. You might see that they are must sick or in pain. A lot of the time you will find that your dog is sick when they act differently. For instance, aggression can be caused by pain, and a sudden increase in bathrooming accidents can be a sign of a UTI.
Don't freak out when your dog is being hyperactive. With time and patience, all dogs can learn proper behavior. Use the tips you've learned here to minimize the anxiety and maximize your results.


HIGH LIFE : Why Not This Penny for Your Thoughts?
Caution Urged in Osteoporosis Treatments JANE PATTERSON, Jane Patterson is a Glendale, Calif., gynecologist and coauthor of "Womancare: A Gynecological Guide to Your Body," Avon Books, 1981.
Child-Free Couples Prefer Freedom to the Ties That Bind JAN HOFMANN, Jan Hofmann is a regular contributor to Orange County Life.
HIGH LIFE : How Would You Change School?


This is the 1st one, hence the special one!
Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity has concluded!
It might not be what you expect but I took this chance to comment on the biggest industry event that brought to us some emotional work, some who took a different approach on day to day things, & last but not least used some extraordinary creativity to implement interaction, leverage new technologies, or more importantly inspire the global community participate in global consumption.
You may all check the shotlisted entrants yourself here: http://www.canneslions.com/work/2013/index.cfm or get inspired by my fav ones the Ogilvy & Mather global work & the all around 2013 winner McCann Melbourne'shttp://www.mccann.com.au/project/dumb-ways-to-die/ project that has won the most awards overall.
Enjoy & explore crème de la crème of creativity!


text:
Август Эрих (Август Фёдорович) Кибер (; 1794—1855) — российский морской врач, участник полярных и кругосветных путешествий Ф. П. Врангеля.

Биография
Родился в Эргли Лифляндской губернии  года, в семье пастора.

В 1813—1815 годах учился на медицинском факультете Дерптского университета, затем — в Берлинском и Гёттингенском университетах (1815—1819); в 1819—1820 годах был вновь в Дерптском университете, где в 1820 году получил степень доктора медицины за «Dissertatio inauguralis med. meletemata quaedam de inflammatione» (Дерпт, 1820).

Начал службу флотским врачом. В 1820 году был включён в состав полярной экспедиции барона Ф. П. Врангеля, из которой вернулся в 1824 году. Кроме обычных обязанностей по экспедиции, на него были возложены обязанности по исследованию проказы.

С августа 1825 по сентябрь 1827 года вновь был врачом, в кругосветном путешествии Врангеля.

Впоследствии служил в Петербурге и в Кронштадте; c 19 декабря 1827 года — член-корреспондент Императорской академии наук. В 1828 году был судовым врачом на корабле в Средиземном море. В 1836—1838 годах был старшим врачом Калинкинской больницы, в 1838—1848 годах — медицинским инспектором военного порта и главным врачом морского госпиталя в Кронштадте; в 1847 году был произведён в чин действительного статского советника.

В январе 1848 года был назначен главным врачом Черноморского флота и портов и переехал в Николаев; с июня 1854 года — генерал-штаб-доктор Черноморского флота (также, в 1850—1854 гг. — портовый медицинский инспектор). Был награждён орденами:  Св. Станислава 2-й (1834) и 1-й степени (1852), Св. Анны 2-й степени (1841) и Св. Владимира 3-й степени (1843).

Находясь в командировке в осаждённом Севастополе, заразился тифом. Умер в Николаеве  года.

О его полярном путешествии были напечатаны статьи в «Сибирском вестнике» (1823. Ч. 3. — С. 13—20; 1824. Ч. 2 — С. 121—164). Им был напечатан также ряд статей в «Medic. Zeitung Russlands», в «Ostsee-Prov. Blatt» (1823—1824); он участвовал в составлении описания полярного путешествия Врангеля.

В его честь был назван мыс на северо-восточном побережье Чукотки.

Примечания

Литература

Ссылки
 Kyber August Erich  // Erik-Amburger-Datenbank

Медики Российской империи
Доктора медицины Российской империи
Путешественники Российской империи
Члены-корреспонденты Петербургской академии наук
Действительные статские советники
Умершие от тифа

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Ronda Jean Rousey (; Riverside, 1 de fevereiro de 1987) é uma atriz,dubladora e lutadora de luta livre profissional, artes marciais mistas e judô que atualmente trabalha para a WWE no programa SmackDown, onde é a atual SmackDown women's champion

Rousey foi a primeira americana a ganhar uma medalha olímpica no judô (bronze), conquistada nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2008 em Pequim. Ela também é ex-campeã do peso-galo do UFC, bem como foi a última campeã feminina do peso-galo do Strikeforce. Ela venceu 12 lutas de AMM consecutivas, seis delas no Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), perdendo posteriormente para Holly Holm em novembro de 2015. Onze dessas lutas Rousey venceu no primeiro assalto, nove delas por finalização. Rousey foi treinada por Gokor Chivichyan da Hayastan MMA Academy, e por Edmond Tarverdyan da Glendale Fighting Club.

Em maio de 2015, duas revistas classificaram Rousey como a atleta ativa mais "dominante". Em setembro do mesmo ano, uma votação feita pela ESPN a elegeu como a melhor atleta feminina de todos os tempos. Posteriormente, Rousey declarou ser a atleta mais bem paga do UFC, tanto entre os homens como entre as mulheres. Também em 2015, ela foi a terceira pessoa mais procurada no Google. Em janeiro de 2017, Rousey é classificada como a lutadora peso-galo nº 4 no mundo de acordo com o UFC e como a nº 9 segundo o Sherdog.

A carreira cinematográfica de Rousey começou em 2014 com o filme Os Mercenários 3. Em 2015, ela também atuou em Furious 7 e em Entourage.

Infância
Ronda nasceu no Condado de Riverside, no estado da Califórnia. Ela é filha de Ron Rousey e da ex-judoca AnnMaria De Mars. Sua mãe teve uma carreira vitoriosa no judô, sendo a primeira americana a vencer um campeonato mundial da modalidade, em 1984. Rousey possui ascendência venezuelana, inglesa e polonesa.

Vida pessoal

Quando Ronda tinha oito anos de idade, seu pai Ron Rousey cometeu suicídio. Ele sofria dores crônicas nas costas após sofrer um acidente anos antes. Ele foi o maior incentivador de Ronda dizendo que ela poderia ser o que ela desejasse, inclusive uma " Super heroína ".

Judô
Em 2004, aos 17 anos, Ronda classificou-se para os Jogos Olímpicos de Atenas, tornando-se a mais jovem judoca a participar dos jogos. No mesmo ano, ganhou a medalha de ouro no Campeonato Mundial Junior, em Budapeste na Hungria.

Em 2006, aos 19 anos,ganhou a medalha de bronze no Campeonato Mundial Junior, tornando-se a primeira atleta americana a conquistar duas medalhas do Mundial Junior.

Em Fevereiro de 2007, subiu para categoria até 70 kg, onde foi classificada como uma das três melhores lutadoras do mundo. No mesmo ano, ela ganhou a medalha de prata, na categoria peso médio, no Campeonato Mundial de Judô e a medalha de ouro nos Jogos Pan-americanos.

Em Agosto de 2008, participou dos Jogos Olímpicos de Pequim, na China. Foi derrotada nas Quartas de Final pela holandesa ex-campeã mundial Edith Bosch, porém se qualificou para disputar a medalha de bronze através da repescagem. Rousey derrotou Annett Boehm por Yuko conquistando a medalha de bronze (Nota: O Judô oferece duas medalhas de bronze por categoria de peso). Com a vitória, se tornou a primeira americana a conquistar uma medalha olímpica no Judô feminino desde sua inclusão como esporte olímpico, em 1992.

MMA

Fez sua estréia como lutadora de artes marciais mistas em 6 de agosto de 2010 pelo evento amador Tuff-N-Uff: Las Vegas vs. 10th Planet Riverside, onde derrotou Hayden Munoz.
Rousey ainda fez mais duas lutas amadoras contra Autumn Richardson e Taylor Stratford, Rousey venceu ambas as lutas por finalização arm lock com menos de um minuto de luta

Em 23 de março de 2011 fez sua estréia profissional no evento King of the Cage: Turning Point, onde obteve êxito contra a brasileira Ediene Gomes. vencendo por finalização arm lock aos 0:25 do 1° round. Fez sua segunda luta como profissional contra Charmaine Tweet no HKFC: School of Hard Knocks 12, vencendo também por finalização.

Strikeforce
Fez sua estreia pelo Strikeforce em 12 de agosto de 2011 no Strikeforce Challengers: Gurgel vs. Duarte contra Sarah D'Alelio, vencendo D'Alelio por finalização arm lock. Sua segunda luta pela organização foi no Strikeforce Challengers: Britt vs. Sayers em 18 de novembro de 2011, contra a canadense Julia Budd. Ronda Rousey derrotou Julia por finalização arm lock aos 0:39 do 1° round e se tornou desafiante ao cinturão dos peso-galos femininos do Strikeforce.

Em 3 de março de 2012, Ronda lutou contra a campeã Miesha Tate no Strikeforce: Tate vs. Rousey, segundo evento do Strikeforce a ter uma luta feminina como combate principal. Durante os meses que antecederam a luta Miesha e Ronda trocaram provocações constantemente o que gerou um grande marketing para o combate e chamou a atenção da mídia especializada. Ronda derrotou Miesha por finalização arm lock aos 4:27 do primeiro round, se tornando a mais nova campeã peso-galo da organização.

Em 18 de agosto de 2012 ocorreu o Strikeforce: Rousey vs. Kaufman, onde Rousey defendeu seu cinturão ao vencer Sarah Kaufman porfinalização arm lock. Rousey conseguiu sua 6° vitória consecutiva por arm lock sendo todas no primeiro round e passando a ter um perfeito cartel de 6-0-0.

Ultimate Fighting Championship
Em 10 de novembro de 2012 Ronda Rousey foi contratada pelo UFC.

Em 6 de dezembro de 2012 durante a conferência do evento UFC on Fox: Henderson vs. Diaz Dana White entregou a Rousey o Cinturão Peso Galo Feminino do UFC, e anunciou que a estréia e a primeira defesa de cinturão de Rousey pelo UFC seria em 23 de fevereiro de 2013 contra Liz Carmouche na luta principal do UFC 157.

Rousey defendeu seu cinturão no UFC 157 contra Liz e manteve o título vencendo a luta. Logo no início da luta, Ronda tentou uma queda e abriu uma brecha para que Liz fosse para suas costas, e então a desafiante quase conseguiu um Mata-Leão, mas que foi muito bem defendido pela campeã. Após escapar da finalização, Ronda imobilizou a adversária no chão e desferiu diversos golpes, sendo que no minuto final, conseguiu a montada e em seguida um armlock  que fez com que a desafiante ao cinturão desistisse faltando menos de 30 segundos para o fim do primeiro round.

Ronda era esperada para ser técnica do The Ultimate Fighter 18 contra Zingano e lutar contra ela no fim do programa, porém, uma lesão impediu que Zingano participasse do TUF e ela foi substituída por Miesha Tate. Após muitas provocações e discussões na casa, Ronda e Miesha se enfrentaram em 28 de dezembro de 2013 no UFC 168, Rousey ganhou por finalização no terceiro round.

Na mesma semana da luta contra Miesha, o Ultimate confirmou a próxima adversária de Rowdy deria Sara McMann. O duelo colocou frente a frente duas medalhistas olímpicas já que Sara ganhou a medalha de prata em wrestling olímpico em 2004. A luta ocorreu em 22 de fevereiro de 2014 no UFC 170. Rousey venceu por nocaute técnico no primeiro round, essa foi a primeira vitória de Rowdy por nocaute e ainda ganhou o prêmio de Performance da Noite.

Após vários boatos envolvendo a ex-campeã aposentada do Strikeforce Gina Carano, a campeã do Invicta FC Cris Cyborg e a campeã do Legacy FC Holly Holm, o UFC informou que a próxima adversária de Rowdy seria Alexis Davis. A luta aconteceu em 5 de julho de 2014 no UFC 175; Ronda venceu por nocaute em apenas 16 segundos contra Alexis.

Como evento principal do UFC 184 ocorrido no dia 28 de fevereiro de 2015, Ronda enfrentou a então invicta Zingano, e mais uma vez decidiu a luta nos primeiros segundos do primeiro round. Ronda faturou mais uma vez o prêmio de performance da noite, e aniquilou suas três últimas adversárias, juntas, em apenas 1m36s.
Em 02 de agosto de 2015, Ronda Rousey vence por nocaute a desafiante Bethe Correia em apenas 34 segundos, defendendo assim seu cinturão no UFC 190.

Primeira derrota e perda do cinturão: Rousey x Holm
Primeiramente a desafiante escolhida foi Miesha Tate, mas o UFC voltou atrás na decisão e escolheu a americana Holly Holm, 19 vezes campeã de boxe, e invicta no MMA. A luta aconteceria em 2 de Janeiro de 2016 no UFC 195. No entanto, devido a uma lesão de Robbie Lawler, o UFC mudou a luta de Rousey e Holm para o evento principal da edição 193 do Ultimate. Assim, a luta entre as duas foi datada para 14 de Novembro de 2015, em Melbourne, Austrália.

O clima de tensão, resultado da quente encarada na pesagem, ficou claro antes mesmo do início da luta, onde Ronda parecia muito nervosa e revoltada com sua oponente. Ronda Rousey se recusou a tocar as luvas de Holly antes de Herb Dean autorizar que o combate começasse. Diferentemente de suas últimas lutas, Ronda viu sua trocação ser colocada constantemente à prova. Ex-campeã de boxe, Holly conseguiu desferir bons socos no rosto da campeã, que se mostrava frustrada e cansada. Ronda partia constantemente para cima de Holm mas sem efeito. Holly mantinha a luta na longa distância e tentava soltar golpes exponenciais. No segundo round,voltando a se esquivar e com um chute certeiro de esquerda, Holly mandou Ronda para o chão e foi para cima com uma série de golpes que só terminou com a paralisação de Herb Dean. A divisão feminina dos galos tem agora uma nova campeã.

Por ironia do destino, em uma entrevista dada ao apresentador americano Jimmy Fallon, no dia 08 de outubro de 2015, Ronda previu como seria derrotada para Holm:

Campeonatos e realizações
 Ultimate Fighting Championship
 Campeã Peso Galo do UFC (primeira campeã)
 Luta da Noite: (Uma Vez) vs. Miesha Tate
 Finalização da Noite: (Uma Vez) vs. Miesha Tate
 Performance da Noite: ( Quatro vezes)  vs. Sara McMann, vs. Alexis Davis e vs. Zingano  e vs Bethe Correia
 Strikeforce
 Campeã Peso Galo do Strikeforce (última campeã da organização)
WWE
WWE Raw Women's Championship (1 vez; atual)
 World MMA Awards
 Lutadora do ano (2012)
 Lutadora do ano (2013)
 Lutadora do ano (2014)

 ESPYs Awards "Oscar do Esporte"
 Melhor Atleta Feminina (2014)
 Melhor Atleta Feminina (2015)
 Lutador(a) do Ano (2015)

 Women's MMA Awards
 2011 Lutadora do Ano
 2011 Feminina peso-galo do Ano
 2011 Revelação Feminina do Ano

 On The Mat
 Revelação do ano

 Inside MMA
 2011 Lutadora do ano

 MiddleEasy
 2011 Submissão do ano (Ronda Rousey vs. Julia Budd)

Judô

 Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2008
 Medalha de Bronze

 Federação Internacional de Judô
 2008 World Cup Senior Medalha de Ouro
 2008 Belgian Ladies Open Senior Medalha de Bronze
 2007 Jigoro Kano Cup Senior Medalha de Prata
 2007 Finnish Open Senior Medalha de Ouro
 2007 German Open Senior Medalha de Bronze
 2007 Jogos Pan-Americanos Medalha de Ouro
 2007 World Cup Senior Medalha de Ouro
 2007 British Open Senior Medalha de Ouro
 2006 Finnish Open Senior Medalha de Bronze
 2006 Swedish Open Senior Medalha de Ouro
 2006 World Judo Championships Junior Medalha de Bronze
 2006 Rendez-Vous Senior Medalha de Ouro
 2006 Pan American Judo Championships Women's Championships Senior Medalha de Prata
 2006 World Cup Senior Medalha de Ouro
 2006 Belgian Ladies Open Senior Medalha de Ouro
 2005 Ontario Open Senior Medalha de Ouro
 2005 Rendez-Vous Senior Medalha de Ouro
 2005 Pan American Judo Championships Women's events Championships Senior Medalha de Ouro
 2004 Ontario Open Senior Medalha de Ouro
 2004 Ontario Open Junior Medalha de Ouro
 2004 World Judo Championships Medalha de Ouro
 2004 Rendez-Vous Senior Medalha de Bronze
 2004 Pan American Championships Senior Medalha de Ouro
 2003 Rendez-Vous Senior Medalha de Ouro
 2001 Coupe Canada Senior Cup Medalha de Ouro
 USA Judô
 USA Senior National Championship (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010)
 USA Senior Olympic Team Trials Winner (2004, 2008)
 2007 US Open Senior Medalha de Ouro
 2006 US Open Senior Medalha de Ouro
 2006 USA Fall Classic Senior Medalha de Ouro
 2006 US Open Junior Medalha de Ouro
 2005 US Open Senior Medalha de Ouro
 2005 US Open Junior Medalha de Prata
 2004 US Open Senior Medalha de Bronze
 2003 US Open Senior Medalha de Prata
 2003 USA Fall Classic Senior Medalha de Ouro
 2002 US Open Junior Medalha de Ouro

Cartel no MMA

|-
|Derrota
|align=center|12-2
| Amanda Nunes
|Nocaute Técnico (socos)
|UFC 207: Nunes vs. Rousey
|30/12/2016
|align=center|1
|align=center|0:48
| Las Vegas, Nevada
|
|-
|Derrota
|align=center|12-1
| Holly Holm
|Nocaute (chute na cabeça e socos)
|UFC 193: Rousey vs. Holm
|14/11/2015
|align=center|2
|align=center|0:59
| Melbourne
|
|-
|Vitória
|align=center|12-0
| Bethe Correia
|Nocaute (soco)
|UFC 190: Rousey vs. Correia
|01/08/2015
|align=center|1
|align=center|0:34
| Rio de Janeiro
|
|-
|Vitória
|align=center|11-0
| Cat Zingano
|Finalização (chave de braço)
|UFC 184: Rousey vs. Zingano
|28/02/2015
|align=center|1
|align=center|0:14
| Los Angeles, Califórnia
|
|-
| Vitória
|align=center| 10-0
| Alexis Davis
|Nocaute (socos)
|UFC 175: Weidman vs. Machida
|05/07/2014
|align=center|1
|align=center|0:16
| Las Vegas, Nevada
|
|-
| Vitória
|align=center| 9-0
| Sara McMann
|Nocaute Técnico (joelhada no corpo)
|UFC 170: Rousey vs. McMann
|22/02/2014
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:06
| Las Vegas, Nevada
|
|-cc
|  Vitória
|align=center| 8-0
| Miesha Tate
|Finalização (chave de braço)
|UFC 168: Weidman vs. Silva II
|28/12/2013
|align=center| 3
|align=center| 0:58
| Las Vegas, Nevada
|
|-
|  Vitória
|align=center| 7-0
| Liz Carmouche
|Finalização (chave de braço)
|UFC 157: Rousey vs. Carmouche
|23/02/2013
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 4:49
| Anaheim, California
|
|-
|  Vitória
|align=center|6-0
|  Sarah Kaufman
| Finalização (chave de braço)
| Strikeforce: Rousey vs. Kaufman
| 18/08/2012
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 0:54
|  San Diego, California
|
|-
| Vitória
|align=center|5-0
|  Miesha Tate
| Finalização (chave de braço)
| Strikeforce: Tate vs. Rousey
| 03/03/2012
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 4:27
|  Columbus, Ohio
|
|-
| Vitória
|align=center|4-0
|  Julia Budd
| Finalização (chave de braço)
| Strikeforce Challengers: Britt vs. Sayers
| 18/11/2011
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 0:39
|  Las Vegas, Nevada
|
|-
| Vitória
|align=center|3-0
|  Sarah D'Alelio
| Finalização (chave de braço)
| Strikeforce Challengers: Gurgel vs. Duarte
| 12/08/2011
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 0:25
|  Las Vegas, Nevada
|
|-
| Vitória
|align=center|2-0
|  Charmaine Tweet
| Finalização (chave de braço)
| HKFC: School of Hard Knocks 12
| 17/06/2011
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 0:49
|  Calgary, Alberta
|
|-
| Vitória
|align=center|1-0
|  Ediane Gomes
| Finalização (chave de braço)
| King of the Cage: Turning Point
| 27/03/2011
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 0:25
|  Tarzana, California
|
|-
|}

Amador

|-
| align="center" Vitória
|align='center'|3-0
|  Taylor Stratford
| Finalização (chave de braço)
| Tuff-N-Uff: Las Vegas vs. 10th Planet Riverside
| 07/01/2011
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 0:24
|  Las Vegas, Nevada
|
|-
| align="center" Vitória
|align='center'|2-0
|  Autumn Richardson
| Finalização (chave de braço)
| Tuff-N-Uff: Future Stars of MMA
| 12/11/2010
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 0:57
|  Las Vegas, Nevada
|
|-
| align="center" Vitória
|align='center'|1-0
|  Hayden Munoz
| Finalização (chave de braço)
| Combat Fight League: Ground Zero
| 06/08/2010
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 0:23
|  Oxnard, California
|
|-
|}

Carreira artística
Em 2014, estreou como atriz no cinema com o filme Os Mercenários 3, ao lado de Sylvester Stallone e Jason Statham, seguindo-se uma participação em Velozes e Furiosos 7.

Filmografia

Televisão

Games

Ligações externas
 Site oficial

Judocas dos Estados Unidos
Lutadoras de MMA dos Estados Unidos
Judocas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2004
Judocas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2008
Medalhistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2008
Naturais de Santa Mônica (Califórnia)
Lutadoras de luta profissional dos Estados Unidos


text:
Hands-on Learning in Guatemala
Update (7/5/16): The Business Honors Program has created and shared an engaging video documentary of their experience.
Eleven students from the Lundquist College of Business Honors Program recently traveled to Guatemala this past spring break to learn about Guatemalan history, culture, and social justice issues. Working with the program Where There Be Dragons, students were able to immerse themselves in hands-on learning and cultural experiences. During the day, the trip focused on Mayan beliefs and sustainable permaculture. Students gained additional cultural awareness by staying with host families at night.
According to Cole Peterson, a junior majoring in accounting, "Going into the homestay I didn't know what to expect because I didn't speak any Spanish. It was a big struggle at first to learn the basics of communication, but I was also able to take in a lot about the culture by just observing."
Peterson said he made the conscious effort to make the most out of his homestay.
"One goal of mine was to be open to participating in any unique experiences I had the opportunity to be a part of," he said. "One of the most memorable times was going to the local gym one morning with my host brother, which provided a much different workout experience than going to the UO's Student Recreation Center."
Several days of the trip were spent visiting IMAP (Instituto Mesoamericano de Permacultura), a nonprofit founded in 2000 by Rony Lec. The organization focuses on education of food sovereignty, community development, and biodiversity. The group toured the facilities and witnessed sustainability in action--everything from used tires to old milk jugs being reused, and lunch was served fresh from the garden.
Lec, whose father was killed in the Guatemalan Civil War that ended in 1996, taught students about how the North American Fair Trade Agreement has negatively affected, and still continues to affect, farmers across Guatemala. Students expressed how the topics, such as fair trade, capitalism, and economic inequality, were highly relevant to their fields of study within the business college. Alonso Zorrilla, a junior marketing student, said, "Our visit to Guatemala made me realize that history isn't always written by the winners. Globalization has really damaged Guatemala, but it was fascinating to see that they have begun to rebuild their economy through sustainable practices and through the dedication of its people."
Another important theme was the prevalence of Mayan culture in modern Guatemala. The Mayans greatly value the sacredness of nature, and students were able to enjoy the country's abundance (the word Guatemala is derived from a Mayan phrase for "the land of trees"). This included wading through rivers, planting their own garden, and participating in a Mayan ceremony focused on praising the earth's natural forces.
For two students, the tour was their second time participating in the Lundquist College of Business Honors Program alternative spring break. For all, the experience in Guatemala encouraged the pursuit of experiences outside of normal comfort zones, and students continue to apply what they have learned from witnessing first-hand the juxtaposition between Guatemala's rich culture and economic struggle.
—By Emily Huang, accounting and Spanish double major '18 and Honors Program student
View Photos from the Trip
Consulting Across Barriers and Borders
In lieu of their usual local, face-to-face consultancy experiences, this year Business Honors students made virtual connections in Brazil.
Examining University Commercialization Efforts
The University of Oregon's Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Research and its mission of "science advancing society" inspired an honors thesis written by a Lundquist College alumnus.
Alumni Share Insights on Overcoming Adversity
Business Honors program students and alumni assembled via Zoom to reconnect, network, and talk about the impact of distance learning and working during a pandemic.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
<?php

/**
 * Install Diem
 */
class dmSetupTask extends dmContextTask
{
  /**
   * @see sfTask
   */
  protected function configure()
  {
    parent::configure();

    $this->addOptions(array(
      new sfCommandOption('clear-db', null, sfCommandOption::PARAMETER_NONE, 'Drop database ( all data will be lost )'),
      new sfCommandOption('clear-tables', null, sfCommandOption::PARAMETER_NONE, 'used in conjunction with --clear-db, it will drop tables instead of db'),
      new sfCommandOption('no-confirmation', null, sfCommandOption::PARAMETER_NONE, 'Whether to force dropping of the database'),
      new sfCommandOption('load-doctrine-data', 'd', sfCommandOption::PARAMETER_NONE, 'Run dm:data with -l option'),
      new sfCommandOption('dont-load-data', 'n', sfCommandOption::PARAMETER_NONE, 'Do not load data'),
    ));

    $this->namespace = 'dm';
    $this->name = 'setup';
    $this->briefDescription = 'Safely setup a project. Can be run several times without side effect.';

    $this->detailedDescription = <<<EOF
Will create symlinks in your web directory,
Build models, forms and filters,
Load data,
generate missing admin modules...
EOF;
  }

  /**
   * @see sfTask
   */
  protected function execute($arguments = array(), $options = array())
  {
    $this->logSection('Diem Extended', 'Setup '.dmProject::getKey());

    $this->dispatcher->notify(new sfEvent($this, 'dm.setup.before', array('clear-db' => $options['clear-db'])));

    // don't use cache:clear task because it changes current app & environment
    @sfToolkit::clearDirectory(sfConfig::get('sf_cache_dir'));

    if(!file_exists(dmOs::join(sfConfig::get('sf_root_dir'), 'lib', 'model', 'doctrine', 'myDoctrineRecord.php'))){
      $this->getContext()->get('filesystem')->copy(
        dmOs::join(sfConfig::get('dm_core_dir'), 'data', 'skeleton', 'lib', 'model', 'doctrine', 'myDoctrineRecord.php'),
        dmOs::join(sfConfig::get('sf_root_dir'), 'lib', 'model', 'doctrine', 'myDoctrineRecord.php')
      );
    }

    if(!file_exists(dmOs::join(sfConfig::get('sf_root_dir'), 'lib', 'model', 'doctrine', 'myDoctrineQuery.php'))){
      $this->getContext()->get('filesystem')->copy(
        dmOs::join(sfConfig::get('dm_core_dir'), 'data', 'skeleton', 'lib', 'model', 'doctrine', 'myDoctrineQuery.php'),
        dmOs::join(sfConfig::get('sf_root_dir'), 'lib', 'model', 'doctrine', 'myDoctrineQuery.php')
      );
    }

    if(!file_exists(dmOs::join(sfConfig::get('sf_root_dir'), 'lib', 'model', 'doctrine', 'myDoctrineTable.php'))){
      $this->getContext()->get('filesystem')->copy(
        dmOs::join(sfConfig::get('dm_core_dir'), 'data', 'skeleton', 'lib', 'model', 'doctrine', 'myDoctrineTable.php'),
        dmOs::join(sfConfig::get('sf_root_dir'), 'lib', 'model', 'doctrine', 'myDoctrineTable.php')
      );
    }

    $this->runTask('doctrine:build', array(), array('model' => true));

    if (( $options['clear-db'] || $options['clear-tables']) || $this->isProjectLocked())
    {
      $this->reloadAutoload();
      if($options['clear-db'])
      {
      	$this->runTask('doctrine:drop-db', array(), array('env' => $options['env'], 'no-confirmation' => dmArray::get($options, 'no-confirmation', false)));
      }else{
    		$this->runTask('dm:drop-tables', array(), array('env' => $options['env']));
      }

      if ($options['clear-db'] && $ret = $this->runTask('doctrine:build-db', array(), array('env' => $options['env'])))
      {
        return $ret;
      }

      $this->runTask('doctrine:build-sql', array(), array('env' => $options['env']));

      $this->runTask('doctrine:insert-sql', array(), array('env' => $options['env']));
    }
    else
    {
      $this->runTask('dm:upgrade', array(), array('env' => $options['env']));
    }

    $this->reloadAutoload();

    $this->withDatabase();

    $this->runTask('dm:clear-cache', array(), array('env' => $options['env']));

    $this->getContext()->reloadModuleManager();

    $this->runTask('doctrine:build-forms', array(), array('generator-class' => 'dmDoctrineFormGenerator'));

    $this->runTask('doctrine:build-filters', array(), array('generator-class' => 'dmDoctrineFormFilterGenerator'));

    $this->runTask('dm:publish-assets');

    $this->runTask('dm:clear-cache', array(), array('env' => $options['env']));

    $this->reloadAutoload();

    $this->getContext()->reloadModuleManager();

    $this->runTask('dmAdmin:generate', array(), array('env' => $options['env']));

    if(!$options['dont-load-data'])
    {
    	$this->runTask('dm:data', array(), array('load-doctrine-data' => $options['load-doctrine-data'], 'env' => $options['env']));
    }

    $this->logSection('Diem Extended', 'generate front modules');
    if (!$return = $this->context->get('filesystem')->sf('dmFront:generate --env=' . dmArray::get($options, 'env', 'dev')))
    {
      $this->logBlock(array(
        'Can\'t run dmFront:generate: '.$this->context->get('filesystem')->getLastExec('output'),
        'Please run "php symfony dmFront:generate" manually to generate front templates'
      ), 'ERROR');
    }

    $this->runTask('dm:permissions');

    // fix db file permissions
    if ('Sqlite' === Doctrine_Manager::connection()->getDriverName())
    {
      $this->filesystem->chmod(sfConfig::get('sf_data_dir'), 0777, 000);
    }

    $this->runTask('dm:clear-cache', array(), array('env' => $options['env']));

    $this->dispatcher->notify(new sfEvent($this, 'dm.setup.after', array('clear-db' => $options['clear-db'])));

    $this->logBlock('Setup successful', 'INFO_LARGE');

    $this->unlockProject();
  }

  protected function migrate()
  {
    throw new dmException('Disabled');

    switch($migrateResponse = $this->runTask('dm:generate-migration'))
    {
      case dmGenerateMigrationTask::UP_TO_DATE:
        break;

      case dmGenerateMigrationTask::DIFF_GENERATED:
        $this->logBlock('New doctrine migration classes have been generated', 'INFO_LARGE');
        $this->logSection('Diem Extended', 'You should check them in /lib/migration/doctrine,');
        $this->logSection('Diem Extended', 'Then decide if you want to apply changes.');

        if ($this->askConfirmation('Apply migration changes ? (y/N)', 'QUESTION', false))
        {
          $this->runTask('dm:clear-cache'); // load the new migration classes

          $migrationSuccess = 0 === $this->runTask('doctrine:migrate');

          if (!$migrationSuccess)
          {
            $this->logBlock('Can not apply migration changes', 'ERROR');
          }
        }

        if(empty($migrationSuccess))
        {
          if (!$this->askConfirmation('Continue the setup ? (y/N)', 'QUESTION', false))
          {
            $this->logSection('Diem Extended', 'Setup aborted.');
            exit;
          }
        }
        break;

      default:
        throw new dmException('Unexpected case : '.$migrateResponse);
    }
  }

  protected function unlockProject()
  {
    if ($this->isProjectLocked())
    {
      $this->getFilesystem()->remove(dmOs::join(sfConfig::get('dm_data_dir'), 'lock'));

      $password = Doctrine_Core::getConnectionByTableName('DmPage')->getOption('password');

      $this->logBlock('Your project is now ready for web access. See you on admin_dev.php.', 'INFO_LARGE');
      $this->logBlock('Your username is "admin" and your password is '.(empty($password) ? '"admin"' : 'the database password'), 'INFO_LARGE');
    }
  }

  protected function isProjectLocked()
  {
    return file_exists(dmOs::join(sfConfig::get('dm_data_dir'), 'lock'));
  }

  protected function projectHasModels()
  {
    return 0 !== count(sfYaml::load(file_get_contents(dmProject::rootify('config/doctrine/schema.yml'))));
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


AJ grew up in a yoga studio, surrounded by the yoga world with her mother, Adrienne. AJ fell in love with yoga from a young age, and has only come to love it more as she has grown up. She took part in a dance company for a number of years, but unfortunately can no longer dance due to medical conditions. Now, she seeks to heal others through her teaching. AJ's classes help you to be more in tune with your subconscious and help you to loosen up and relax. Her whole goal is to promote peace and relaxation through her practice.


text:
Great Moments in Genealogy
June 11, 2022 - 10:00 - 12:00
« Family Workshop: Hide Pouches — Canadian Museum of History
Monuments, National Belonging, Contested Memories »
Solving a 100-year-old mystery using DNA
The identity of Jennifer Hill's paternal grandfather was a family mystery so she decided to use her DNA results to try and find out who he was. Jennifer will talk about the steps she took to solve the mystery in the 100th anniversary year of her father's birth.
Jennifer Hill was born in Montreal and has English, Irish and Scottish ancestry. In the early-to-mid 2000s she picked up the family tree that her brother built and began to develop it further using genetic genealogy. Jennifer has served on BIFSHGO's Conference Planning Committee and is currently serving on the board as Treasurer.
Voices from a Silent Past
Three postcards―dated 1909 and 1936―are now the only evidence that contact was maintained between Christine's extended Jewish family in Amsterdam and their cousins who migrated to London in the 1860s. After 1936 contact ceased and the English family assumed their Dutch cousins had been lost in the Holocaust of WW II. While seeking the fate of those who wrote the postcards, Christine found more than she could have possibly imagined.
Christine Jackson has been conducting research on her own family and those of her cousins and friends for over 40 years, most frequently in the English county of Sussex, where she was born and raised. A retired federal public servant (Elections Canada), she is a long-time BIFHSGO member, conference planning committee and Board member, as well as being an experienced writer, editor and presenter.
Lost Connections Found
Using American Revolutionary War Pension Records to solve a family brickwall, Sue Lambeth discovered a surprising connection between two separate branches of her family tree – her Canadian maternal grandparents and their ancestors. Some of Sue's Revolutionary War ancestors fought as Patriots, while others supported the Loyalist cause or remained neutral in the conflict. This 'Great Moment' explores their surprising connections.
Sue Lambeth worked for the BC Provincial and Federal governments for 40 years before retiring in 2018 to spend time enjoying her favourite hobby – family history research. Sue volunteers with the OGS-Ottawa Branch and BIFHSGO, and is currently working on a project for the Hamilton/Niagara branches of Ontario Ancestors to index and scan genealogical records related to the Gage family.
Lecture, Online
https://www.bifhsgo.ca/events
British Isles Family History Society of Greater Ottawa


(Saint Gerard): "My beloved brethren, I, Gerard, come to ye today on the day of My Feast to say unto ye: great is My love for ye.
My love for ye is so great that if ye could feel it all, ye would die of love. If ye could know all the love that I have for ye, all thine veins would break. Thine soul would detach itself in an instant from thine body,struck by the strong emotion of the knowledge of the greatness of My Love. With this Love of Mine, I protect ye, keep ye, guide ye every day of thine life towards Heaven.
Blessed are those who art My devotees, because the Lord Jesus and His Most Holy Mother granted Me many graces to succor My devotees, to help My devotees, to lead all My devotees to Heaven.
Blessed is the soul who who entrusts himself to My protection because upon these souls, Satan has less power. From the souls who are My devotees and who have the sign of Devotion unto Me in them, to these souls, Satan cannot do certain evils and some demons cannot approach them with certain temptations.
Therefore, the soul who is My devotee enjoys truly every day a great protection of Mine and many benefits from the Lord.
If ye knew how many merits I have before the Lord and His Mother to help My devotees, ye would trust in Me, for I have the supreme desire of taking ye to the Lord, of leading ye to the Love of God and to eternal salvation.
Great is My Love for ye, wherefore, every day I do not grow tired of showing ye in many ways how I take care of ye, how I protect ye, how I Am near ye, especially when the suffering is stronger.
Every day, I send ye many signs to show ye how much I want ye, how much I love ye and how much I Am truly watching over ye, over thine families, over the eternal destiny of thine souls.
If ye truly had the eyes pure and opened by Faith, ye would see My signs and ye would understand how much I love ye, how much I Am near ye and how much I want to lead ye to Heaven. Great is My Love for ye, great is My desire to lead ye to Heaven.
Let yeselves be guided and lead by Me, let yeselves be formed by Me, follow Me down the road of prayer, of sacrifice and of penance.
Especially young people, if ye want to be victorious from the temptations of thine time, follow Me by the way of prayer, of penance and of the total consecration to the Virgin Mary, which I Myself did when I was young. The secret of My holy youth was My scorched Love for the Most Holy Virgin and the Solemn Consecration that I did to Her.
Pray the Rosary; whoever prays the Rosary every day with the heart and with docility to the Mother of God shall have the strength to renounce sin and renouncing sin and renouncing sin shall remain in the grace of God, in God's friendship and certainly shall save himself.
Here, in this Place where I Am so loved, so praised, so blessed and glorified by My favorite Marcos and by so many who love Me, who love the virtues that I possess and strive to imitate Me. Here, I truly want and shall do grand things in all those who surrender to Me.
I love this Place with a special Love, I watch over it and all those who Here give Me their hearts to lead them and guide them to Heaven.
(Most Holy Mary): "My beloved children, on this night, I invite ye to imitate My most favorite child, Gerard Majella.
Imitate the great love that He had for the Lord and for Me, giving thine complete yes to God, giving thine complete yes to Me, thine Mother, and following Me by the path of sacrifice, of prayer, of sacrifice, of holiness, of the renunciation to the world, its pleasures, sins and fashions.
Renounce everything that leads ye to sin, everything that separates ye from God, everything that makes ye betray the love of God.
Of what value is it for man to gain the whole world if he loses his soul forever? That is what My favorite Gerard always thought and meditated. And because of this, He never let himself be fooled by the illusions of the world, by sins and by Satan.
He stood firm on the way of Love, on the way of the Lord, on the way of prayer every day of His life. And so, ye also ought to live, walk and seek Heaven.
I love ye very much and wish that ye be other Gerards, so that this world all full of darkness of sin may be illuminated by the light of thine holiness.
Walk on the path of true love, meditate on My Messages, like each day as if it were thy last day on Earth, always preparing yeselves for the definitive encounter with God.
Walk evermore on the path of Love, because the secret of My favorite Gerard was the true love that He always had for the Lord and for Me.
Pray the Holy Rosary. The one who prays My Holy Rosary shall be Holy like My Gerard Majella was. The Rosary gave Him powerful wings for Him to ascend high into the Heaven of holiness. And so too the Rosary shall give ye these wings that ye arrive real high in the Heaven of true Love.
(Mary Most Holy): "My beloved children, today I invite ye again to sear thine hearts with love for Prayer.
Only when Prayer shall be alive and comes out of thine heart as a living source is when it shall be: joy, peace, rest and light for thine souls.
The world is going badly for lack of Prayer. Teach everyone to pray with the heart so that every man and every child of Mine feels the love of God, feels the Peace of God and each one finds in Prayer, the happiness and the peace for which they have so much hunger and thirst.
Only when ye understand and art convinced that only in Prayer with the heart ye shall find peace and joy, ye shall see prayer with the gaze of love, ye shall see prayer as the most precious treasure that God giveth unto ye and and that I also gaveth unto ye for this time.
When ye shall understand that in the Rosary ye shall find the peace and happiness that ye seekest, then, the Rosary shall be for ye like a drop of celestial honey, it shall be sweet for the soul, for the heart and thine hearts shall be seared with love for the Holy Rosary and the world shall then change, because hearts that art seared and in love with the Prayer of My Rosary shall turn to God and to Me. Then, it shall be the Triumph of My Immaculate Heart.
Word of God. Meditate on the Word of God, a verse a day and try to put it into practice. Read the verse in the morning and seek to meditate on that which the Lord says to ye through that verse. May that verse be the light that guides and leads ye throughout thine workday. I also invite ye to meditate on My Messages. Meditate on a small Message a day and seek to put that Message into practice throughout thine day of work, of study and of prayer. Pray, pray very much because the danger of a new war hovers over ye without ye knowing, weapons are being renewed. Pray very much, pray very much for World Peace. Pray the Holy Rosary for Peace, for It alone can save the world and save thine families.
(Most Holy Mary): "My beloved children, today I say unto ye again: Pray with the heart. When you pray with the heart, you will have the inner strength to overcome sin. With Pray from they heart, you will be stronger than the temptations and you will advance swiftly on the path of perfection and holiness.
Pray with true sincerity and desire of loving God, opening your souls to His Love. And then, ye will be given then strength to renounce all that which prevents ye of being holy, pure and perfect.
Continue to pray the Rosary every day. As I have already said, I saved many nations of many hellish evils, from Satan's satanic dominion, by atheistic ideologies, through the Prayer of the Rosary.
Pray the Holy Rosary, therefore, with faith, hope and love and I promise to perform great graces in your personal, familial, national and international life.
If the Rosary were loved enough, divulged and prayed with perfect faith, love and hope, immense graces will take place. And the Triumph of My Immaculate Heart will come real fast to ye, freeing ye of all evils that Satan now inflicts on ye, on your families and inflicts on the whole world.
My promise made at Fatima and confirmed Here and in so many Apparitions of Mine, then will come true: My Immaculate Heart will Triumph.
Pray the Rosary. The Rosary will be the key of the Triumph of My Immaculate Heart.


text:
Preventive fire protection
ARFF Vehicles
Municipal Vehicles
InnovationInnovation EN
CFT (Concept Fire Truck)
Firefighting trendmap
EventsEvent EN
VehiclesRosenbauer Social Media Team2020-11-03T08:48:27+01:00
Compact and powerful: The CT product line from Rosenbauer
By Peter Hutterer|2021-12-22T10:30:58+01:0001.01.2022|Municipal Vehicles, Vehicles|
The name says it all: Compact Technology stands for very compact and also very powerful municipal vehicles from Rosenbauer. Well thought-out and modern technological concepts enable the combination of high performance and small dimensions as [...]
Heavy rescue vehicle with crane for Qatar: perfectly equipped for large-scale operations along the coast
By Gerald Roller|2021-11-18T21:02:34+01:0001.12.2021|Special Vehicles, Vehicles|
Qatar Civil Defence has been a Rosenbauer customer for decades and has already purchased several heavy-duty, high-end rescue vehicles with cranes. For the upcoming 2022 Football World Cup it was decided to purchase another larger [...]
Consistent further development: the Rosenbauer Rescue Stairs in new top form
By Philipp Platzl|2021-11-17T20:05:43+01:0015.11.2021|ARFF Vehicles, Vehicles|
As already mentioned in several blog articles, the Rescue Stairs is a special technical development by Rosenbauer that primarily supports the access of firefighting and rescue teams into an aircraft and the monitored evacuation of [...]
ET B-Type: Made for operations "Down Under"
By Cameron Bettany|2021-09-24T10:22:40+02:0001.10.2021|Municipal Vehicles, Vehicles|
Quality, reliability, and safety. These are the attributes the brave men and women of the emergency services value most. At Rosenbauer these are the principles that guide us in our pursuit of customer success. That´s [...]
Introducing a new way of software development at Rosenbauer
By Severin Wiesmüller|2021-09-02T11:10:33+02:0002.09.2021|ARFF Vehicles, Products & Solutions, Vehicles|
During the latest redesign of the Rosenbauer Rescue Stairs not only the operation has been overhauled, but the CAN bus system has also been implemented from scratch. A reduction of electronic control units (ECUs) was [...]
Customized CBS industrial vehicle for the technology giant Samsung
By Herbert Buchegger|2021-08-27T20:32:12+02:0001.09.2021|Special Vehicles, Vehicles|
The global technology group, Samsung, has been a delighted Rosenbauer customer for years. At its headquarters in Suwon "Samsung Digital City", south of Seoul (South Korea), which is home to the group's innovative center, a [...]
The PANTHER in Atlanta: Rosenbauer's ARFF flagship safeguards the USA's no.1 airport
By Josef Kern|2021-08-18T08:00:47+02:0016.08.2021|ARFF Vehicles, Vehicles|
"It doesn't matter if you're under way to heaven or hell, you'll still have to change in Atlanta!" No other saying expresses better the function of the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport in Georgia's capital city. [...]
When things get tight: L32A-XS Flat turntable ladder
By Julia Gunkel|2021-08-02T10:12:59+02:0001.08.2021|Aerials, Vehicles|
Reach where no turntable ladder has ever reached before: with the new L32A-XS Flat from Rosenbauer. In today's new buildings it is a matter of course and even obligatory - in the 12th century, however, [...]
Customer-specific configured industrial firefighting vehicle for the Unipetrol Group
By Werner Wolfschluckner|2021-08-27T20:32:59+02:0001.07.2021|Special Vehicles, Vehicles|
The Unipetrol refining and petrochemical group is an important part of Czech industry. It is the only crude oil processor in the Czech Republic, one of the most important producers of plastics, and the owner [...]
Electrically powered firefighting and rescue vehicle for the Berlin Fire Department
By Clemens Stangl-Kremser|2021-06-19T12:22:11+02:0001.06.2021|Municipal Vehicles, Vehicles|
A development partnership with Rosenbauer was concluded in 2018 for the testing of an electrically powered firefighting and rescue vehicle for the fleet of the Berlin fire department as part of the "eLHF" (electric firefighting [...]
Over the Road of Death to the scene of the emergency: Five PANTHER for Bolivia
By Abraham Piñera|2021-04-20T09:11:31+02:0001.05.2021|ARFF Vehicles, Vehicles|
AASANA is responsible for the provision of monitoring and protection services for aviation across the entire Bolivian airspace, and also for the administration of airports within the framework of approaches and quality standards that ensure [...]
All good things come in threes: HLF 20 for the Paderborn Fire Department
By Patrick Schlecht|2021-04-20T08:51:38+02:0001.04.2021|Municipal Vehicles, Vehicles|
Three years ago, the Paderborn Fire Department started to look into vehicle procurement and its design. Based on an internal employee survey and the definition of the technical and operational requirements, in September 2018 the [...]
Product presentation at virtual trade fair – Rosenbauer ONLINE PRODUCT DAYS
By Jürgen Eppinger|2021-04-06T10:31:44+02:0029.03.2021|Events, Products & Solutions, Vehicles|
Unfortunately, the coronavirus came very quickly to the trade fair industry in 2020. This also presented Rosenbauer with a major challenge. There were many new products developed with the highest level of engineering, precision and [...]
A new PANTHER 6×6 for Copenhagen Airport
By Wolfgang Voraberger|2021-02-26T11:34:01+01:0001.03.2021|ARFF Vehicles, Vehicles|
In 2006, an exciting project began for me in Denmark - the tender for three PANTHER 6x6 for Copenhagen Airport (CPH). I have been enjoying a close working relationship with the largest airport in Scandinavia [...]
Compact Technology (CT Van) for the Hitzendorf Fire Department
By Oswald Feiertag|2021-01-22T08:25:23+01:0001.02.2021|Municipal Vehicles, Vehicles|
At the beginning of 2019, the Hitzendorf Fire Department set up a vehicle committee to handle the procurement of a replacement emergency vehicle. At the outset they were still discussing whether this should take the [...]
Vehicle acceptance from 7,000 km away
By Karin Palmetshofer-Hörschinger|2021-06-02T08:32:00+02:0025.01.2021|Company & people, Service, Vehicles|
At the beginning of 2020, the Asian region was gripped by the coronavirus earlier than here in Europe. When the virus was still known as a purely "Asian" issue in the media in Austria, we [...]
Kuwait relies once again on the E8000/E3000 Rescue Stairs
By Martin Kitzmüller|2020-12-22T16:54:13+01:0001.01.2021|ARFF Vehicles, Vehicles|
Kuwait International Airport, or KWI for short, is the largest and only international airport in the Emirate of Kuwait. Unlike in many other countries, the airport fire service in Kuwait is also operated by the [...]
Refurbishment: A second life for a fire truck
By Thomas Kitzler|2020-12-17T08:34:45+01:0021.12.2020|Products & Solutions, Service, Vehicles|
Turning old into new Here at Rosenbauer, we don't build vehicles, equipment and components designed only for a single lifetime. And to further improve on this, Customer Service has launched the Refurbishment Program. This has [...]
Tiller Seaside 3148
By Josef Kern|2020-12-17T11:30:54+01:0015.12.2020|Aerials, Vehicles|
A semi-trailer truck in the front, a tiller cab in the back, and 15 m of pure firefighting technology in between. Introducing the new ladder truck of the Seaside Fire & Rescue Department on the [...]
"An alternative way out": The E5000 Rescue Stairs
By Richard Ehrmann|2020-11-30T17:14:49+01:0001.12.2020|ARFF Vehicles, Vehicles|
No airline passenger ever wants to experience an emergency, but such situations do occur from time to time. That is why every airport (depending on size) must - according to the regulations of the ICAO [...]
Industrial Fire Truck for Turkish Oil Giant
By Matthias Reisinger|2020-11-03T08:48:30+01:0001.11.2020|Special Vehicles, Vehicles|
Türkiye Petrol Rafinerileri A.S. - or Tüpras for short - is Turkey's largest industrial company and operates four refineries in the country. At 30 million tons of crude oil per year, the total capacity of [...]
Florian Messe 2020: A successful event in spite of mandatory masks
By Torsten Ritzmann|2020-11-03T08:48:30+01:0017.10.2020|Aerials, Equipment, Events, Municipal Vehicles|
Rosenbauer at the Florian Messe 2020 After three successful days in historical and wonderful Dresden, the Florian Messe drew to a conclusion on October 10, 2020. It had opened three days earlier as [...]
RT final stage prototype testing: big strides towards series production
By Clemens Stangl-Kremser|2020-11-03T08:48:33+01:0028.09.2020|CFT (Concept Fire Truck), Innovation, Municipal Vehicles, Vehicles|
Based on the Concept Fire Truck (CFT), Rosenbauer has developed the RT (Revolutionary Technology) series, the firefighting vehicle of the future. The first prototype was presented in June 2020. And now it was time to [...]
Safety mission for aircraft rescue and firefighting (ARFF) vehicles – Cab & assistance systems
In the last part of the blog series "Safety mission for aircraft rescue and fire fighting vehicles," the topics of vehicle stability and driving dynamics were examined in more detail. In this part, we focus [...]
2,500 story points – from the CFT to the RT
By Michael Friedmann|2020-11-03T08:48:35+01:0004.09.2020|CFT (Concept Fire Truck), Company & people, Innovation, Municipal Vehicles|
In the summer of 2017, a strategically important decision was made at Rosenbauer: the series development of this vehicle type was to be started based on the CFT technology! The goal: present at Interschutz 2020. [...]
Ready for any event: OMV's universal fire engine
By Jürgen Penkner|2020-11-03T08:48:36+01:0001.09.2020|Special Vehicles, Vehicles|
The universal fire engine ULFA 6000/2000/2000 of the OMV Gänserndorf plant fire department is an absolute HEAD-TURNER. Its length of almost 11 meters is enough in itself to catch the eye. It has to have [...]
Advanced Technology for Switzerland
By Marcel Streich|2020-11-03T08:48:36+01:0001.08.2020|Municipal Vehicles, Vehicles|
Amongst others, Switzerland is known for its precision, quality and mountains. These attributes and/or challenges are also perfectly suited to the AT fire fighting and rescue vehicle. Swiss fire departments have a very high quality [...]
L32A-XS 3.0 turntable ladder on a new low-floor chassis
By Sven Lindenfelser|2020-11-03T08:48:37+01:0001.07.2020|Aerials, Vehicles|
In 2018, the following six Danish regions joined forces to jointly invite tenders for eight turntable ladders: Østsjællands Beredskab (Roskilde) Midtjysk Brand & Redning (Silkeborg) Østjyllands Brandvæsen (Aarhus Syd and Aarhus City) Beredskab Øst (Gladsaxe [...]
Sioux Falls Heavy Rescue 5
By Josef Kern|2020-11-03T08:48:39+01:0001.06.2020|Municipal Vehicles, Vehicles|
A heavy-duty US rescue pumper with an extensive range of special equipment for urban search and rescue operations. The vehicle fleet of the Sioux Falls fire department in South Dakota consists almost exclusively of Rosenbauer [...]
Special ET Class: the TLF 1800 for Georgia
By Mario Leitner|2020-11-03T08:48:40+01:0001.05.2020|Municipal Vehicles, Vehicles|
The Rosenbauer ET (Efficient Technology) concept was specially developed, among other reasons, to facilitate the construction of Rosenbauer firefighting vehicle superstructures in the proven aluminum sheet and sandwich construction with all their advantages on a wide [...]
New Vehicle Fleet for Dubai Airport
Dubai International Airport is the most important airport in the Middle East, and with 89.1 million passengers it is the third largest airport worldwide. The growing number of flights year after year poses a number of [...]
The Logical Outcome: The AT in its Third Generation.
By Peter Hutterer|2020-11-03T08:48:41+01:0009.03.2020|Company & people, Municipal Vehicles, Vehicles|
A key constant in the AT's success story is continuous change. The AT concept has always been subject to further development. Resourceful technicians, sales staff, purchasers, and other employees adapt the concept to market requirements [...]
Universal rescue vehicle up to 5.5 tons
In mid-2019, the Schönau an der Donau volunteer fire department was able to commission a a rescue vehicle with watertank (HLF1-W) conforming to the construction guidelines of the Lower Austrian Fire Brigade Union. The proved [...]
Changes in Vehicle Technology Pioneered by the Rosenbauer AT
By Alexander Ronacher|2020-11-03T08:48:42+01:0028.02.2020|Company & people, Municipal Vehicles, Vehicles|
Compared to today, the number of municipal vehicles produced by Rosenbauer was tiny in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The reason for this was that the production was based on the framework engineering principle [...]
Touring the US and Canada: The CFT in North America (Part 1)
By Steve John|2020-11-03T08:48:43+01:0010.02.2020|CFT (Concept Fire Truck), Innovation, Vehicles|
In the last couple of months the Concept Fire Truck was on the road in the US and Canada to present its innovative technology to fire departments across North America. In Ventura County [...]
Industrial fire fighting vehicle for the Flemish port city of Antwerp
By Wolfgang Voraberger|2020-11-03T08:48:45+01:0001.02.2020|Special Vehicles, Vehicles|
Brandweer Antwerpen is one of the largest firefighting departments in Belgium. In addition to protecting the city of Antwerp, it is also responsible for the safety of Europe's second largest port (total area approx. 152 [...]
Rosenbauer in Japan: A personal journey into the past
By Herbert Poellinger|2020-11-03T08:48:45+01:0027.01.2020|ARFF Vehicles, Vehicles|
If, as a newly hired employee, you are asked to see the management in their office after just two weeks, this creates a lasting memory. And it really seems to me like yesterday that the [...]
Rescue stairs: the height makes all the difference.
This may not be a well-known fact, but escape stairs are often an airport fire department's most commonly deployed vehicle. The essential purposes of rescue stairs can be expressed in a nutshell as creating quick [...]
Wyndmoor Fire Rescue 82
A multifunctional aerial with first-attack qualities on a maneuverable Commander chassis. Since last year, Wyndmoor Hose Company No.1 has been operating with a new 55' Articulating Cobra Platform (ACP). The vehicle combines no less than [...]
Two is always better than one: two HLF 40s for Hamburg Airport
By Richard Ehrmann|2020-11-03T08:48:47+01:0016.12.2019|ARFF Vehicles, Municipal Vehicles, Vehicles|
By now it is common knowledge that airport fire brigades have special requirements when it comes to their vehicles, but this vehicle - or rather this pair of vehicles (yes, two identical vehicles were delivered) [...]
"And suddenly I'm understood": 3D visualization of aerial ladders
By Franco Zipperling|2020-11-03T08:48:48+01:0010.12.2019|Aerials, Vehicles|
A sales representative has the 2D project drawing of the new aerial ladder lying on the table. He explains the new vehicle to the customer in elaborate terms. Both leave the meeting with their own [...]
The benefits are centre stage
By Michael Friedmann|2020-11-03T08:48:49+01:0004.12.2019|CFT (Concept Fire Truck), Innovation, Vehicles|
Since the introduction of the Concept Fire Truck (CFT) in autumn 2016, many fire departments and experts in the field had an opportunity to learn about the special functions and ergonomic benefits of the vehicle [...]
The ET in Slovenia
... no, the ET is not a vehicle from another galaxy, but it does shine bright on the horizon of the Rosenbauer Group. Slovenian fire departments also put their trust in the Rosenbauer ET. They [...]
Majorca, better protected against wildfires
By Manuel Garzón|2020-11-03T08:48:51+01:0001.11.2019|Special Vehicles, Vehicles|
With more than 16 million tourists from all over the world, the Balearic Islands are an exceptional destination for tourists. There you will find more than 1,000 kilometres of coastline, some 400 beaches, five nature [...]
Specialty Vehicle for Emergencies: The Respiratory Protection Decontamination Equipment Truck
By Markus Grünberg|2020-11-03T08:48:54+01:0001.09.2019|Special Vehicles, Vehicles|
CURRENTA manages and operates one of the largest chemical zones in Europe - the CHEMPARK - with three locations in Leverkusen, Dormagen and Krefeld-Uerdingen, in the center of North Rhine-Westphalia. In addition to the infrastructure, [...]
Equipped for emergencies: special vehicles for the oil refining industry
By Daniel Hofstätter|2020-11-03T08:48:56+01:0031.07.2019|Special Vehicles, Vehicles|
Oil: still one of the most important raw materials today. It forms the basis of countless products, and thus has enormous influence on the world market. Prior to the final products being created, a large [...]
Engine Tanker 802: The new firefighting giant of the Willards Volunteer Fire Company, MD.
With 3,000 g of water on board and a side-mounted pump with a maximum output of 2,250 gpm the new fire truck of the Willards Vol. Fire Company Inc. truly lives up to the "firefighting [...]
An all-rounder for the first attack!
By Andreas Charko|2020-11-03T08:48:59+01:0003.06.2019|Municipal Vehicles, Vehicles|
340 hp, 2,000 liters of water, 200 liters of foam - The AT rescue fire fighting vehicle of the AMAG Ranshofen plant fire department is impressive. This vehicle was conceptualized for the initial attack on [...]
Fast, agile & ready for action: The TMB 0/4000/0-42
By Karl Lechner|2020-11-03T08:49:01+01:0001.05.2019|Aerials, Vehicles|
The requirements for the new emergency vehicle - an hydraulic platform B42 - for the company fire brigade of the industrial area Schwechat were enormous: Rescue of people in the industrial area, high equipment, blind spots, [...]
Safety mission for aircraft rescue and firefighting (ARFF) vehicles – stability and driving dynamics
As already mentioned in the last blog post about the electronic braking system EBS of ARFF vehicles and the electronic directional stabilization program ESC, safety awareness is becoming more and more important for the fire [...]
10 New Aerial Ladders for Frankfurt am Main
The Frankfurt Fire Department is one of the largest in Germany. There are twelve fire and rescue stations scattered throughout the city with a total of over 1,000 firefighters. In addition, there are about 900 [...]
The CFT on snow and ice
By Clemens Stangl-Kremser|2020-11-03T08:49:04+01:0021.03.2019|CFT (Concept Fire Truck), Innovation, Vehicles|
The Concept Fire Truck (CFT) went on tour again in February. This time it traveled in Scandinavia and stopped in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. We also had the opportunity to make a tour stop at [...]
It's all about Physics: Tipping
Current incidents underline that the overturning, i.e. tipping, of tank firefighting vehicles is currently a hot topic in the firefighting sector. Rosenbauer, as an innovation and world market leader, has always diligently dealt with the [...]
A milestone: The PANTHER at Vienna International Airport
By Markus Wieshofer|2020-11-03T08:49:06+01:0001.03.2019|ARFF Vehicles, Vehicles|
This was something we'd been fretting over... The PANTHER has been successfully performing its duties all over the world. Including at domestic airports in Austria: Graz, Innsbruck, Linz, Salzburg - no matter where you disembarked, [...]
AT Rescue Fire Fighting Vehicle for France
By Mathieu Muller|2020-11-03T08:49:07+01:0001.02.2019|Municipal Vehicles, Vehicles|
The SDIS 37 (the state fire brigade of the Departements Indre-et-Loi) relies on 2,160 firefighters to protect an area of 6,100 km2 as well as 610,000 residents. The "Tours Centre" fire department in the heart [...]
The E8000 for Australia
With the introduction of the new Super Jumbo Airbus A-380 in 2004, a whole new set of challenges was thrown to the Airport Fire Fighting Crews at major airports served. Besides the massive dimensions and [...]
In Focus: The Tiller of the Ventura County Fire Department
This is one of the most extraordinary fire engines in the world and enjoys cult status not only in the USA. We are talking about the Tiller ladder, a fully automated hydraulic aerial ladder on [...]
Even more safety for the PANTHER
To provide the fastest possible assistance at airports, the PANTHER has a correspondingly high engine power and acceleration values. One of the many requirements is to quickly deliver large amounts of extinguishing agent to any [...]
In focus: B34 Trentino
By Michele Hillebrand|2020-11-03T08:49:12+01:0002.10.2018|Aerials, Vehicles|
Trento and Bolzano are autonomous provinces and thus unique in Italy. Amongst the tasks the province is undertaking independently is fire protection and, as a result, servicing the fleet of vehicles purchased for this purpose. [...]
In Focus: PANTHER 8×8 Airport Paris – Charles des Gaulle
By Mathieu Muller|2020-11-30T17:56:03+01:0003.09.2018|ARFF Vehicles, Vehicles|
With 69.5 million passengers in 2017, Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport is the tenth largest airport in the world and far and away France's busiest airport. To ensure the safety of its 32 km2 surface [...]
In Focus: Rosenbauer Avenger
At the FDIC, the largest American firefighting exhibition, the new Avenger celebrated its debut in 2017. It is the high-end variant of the Rosenbauer custom chassis. Both outside and in, the new Avenger presents itself [...]
The possibilities of the electric drive!
The Concept Fire Truck (CFT), which was presented on the occasion of Rosenbauer's 150th anniversary in September 2016, is increasingly attracting the interest of fire departments and the public alike. It triggers astonishment, curiosity in [...]
In Focus: The CL-P of the Root Fire Department
"Hello, I'm the new CL-Compact Line (CL-P) of the Root fire department. My story started in October 2014 when my requirements profile was created. In June 2016 it was time, and I was tendered together [...]
In focus: Rescue Stairs E8000 at Singapore Changi Airport
Long before the first flight of the new Super Jumbo Jet, Airbus A-380 in April 2005, Changi Airport Emergency Service, always known as one of the most progressive Airport Fire and Rescue Services, was looking [...]
In focus: L32A-XS Landshut Fire Department
When we looked at the tender documents in detail, we were faced with a few challenges initially. How could we fulfill the values and the technical requirements of the new aerial ladder L32A-XS of the [...]
In Focus: HAZMAT Decon at National 119 Rescue Headquarter
There is a saying about the "egg-laying and milk-giving wool-pig," which doesn't exist as far as we know. However, today I would like to introduce a concept that comes very close to it: The decontamination [...]
In focus: BUFFALO 6×6 AENA
By Manuel Garzón|2020-11-03T08:49:20+01:0028.02.2018|ARFF Vehicles, Vehicles|
Almost a year after the delivery of the vehicles BUFFALO 6100/750/250 to Spanish Airports and Air Navigation (AENA), the wallpaper on his project manager's desktop from the static roll-over angle test performed on the prototype [...]
In focus: ET – Efficient Technology
By Christian Mairzedt|2020-11-03T08:49:21+01:0001.02.2018|Municipal Vehicles, Vehicles|
Since the middle of last year, Arabian fire departments are able to use the new Rosenbauer ET series (Efficient Technology). It's all about efficiency in this vehicle concept. The ET series has a very high [...]
When Fire takes hold of Nature
Forest firefighting vehicles - deployed under the most extreme conditions. As a leading manufacturer of special vehicles, Rosenbauer's wildland firefighting application area is also a key focus. The competence center for forest and bush firefighting [...]
In Focus: The HLF 20 of the Heilbronn Fire Department
By Andreas Heinzinger|2020-11-03T08:49:22+01:0002.01.2018|Municipal Vehicles, Vehicles|
The history of the Heilbronn fire department goes back to 1460. A professional fire brigade was established in 1971, which currently comprises 86 members. The Heilbronn fire department is one of eight professional fire brigades [...]
In Focus: The AT RLFA 2000 of the Tolleterau Volunteer Fire Department
It all started in April 2015. The vehicle committee of the Tolleterau volunteer fire department visited Rosenbauer's Plant 2 in Leonding to learn of the many different possibilities that the AT series has to offer, [...]
When it comes down to the final details …
By Michael Kaiser|2020-11-30T17:55:03+01:0031.10.2017|ARFF Vehicles, Events|
Thursday October 5, 2017: the big day - Airport Day. The day when the new PANTHER 8x8 is presented to customers and the international press for the first time. The day when it will showcase [...]
Green cities accelerate silently!
The Concept Fire Truck (CFT) went on a trip to two European cities which are particularly committed to fighting against climate change: Oslo and Amsterdam. Norway benefits from hydroelectric energy and is massively advancing the issue [...]
A totally crazy idea. Until someone thought it was possible …
By Florian Happe|2020-11-03T08:49:27+01:0028.08.2017|Aerials, Vehicles|
From a small idea that is too crazy to be feasible, to an indispensable tool for saving human lives. The origins of the aerial ladder L32A-XS. It's sometimes surprising when you look back at how [...]
An exciting moment all over again
By Michael Kaiser|2020-11-03T08:49:31+01:0008.06.2017|ARFF Vehicles, Vehicles|
One might think it's all just a matter of course by now. In 2012 the PANTHER 6x6 S, 2015 the PANTHER 4x4 & 6x6, and now the "King of Airports" – the new PANTHER 8x8. [...]
Experience the Future
By Michael Friedmann|2020-11-03T08:49:31+01:0005.05.2017|Events, Innovation, Vehicles|
FDIC 2017 Wrap-Up! The international Fire Department Instructor's Conference is the largest annual fire department trade fair in the USA, which is always held in the Convention Center in Indianapolis. This year, Rosenbauer had an [...]
Variability has a name: CL-P
By Bernhard Stadler|2020-11-03T08:49:32+01:0003.05.2017|Municipal Vehicles, Vehicles|
Anyone who sees a vehicle from this series can only guess at how many different application possibilities this new superstructure offers fire departments! Portable pump vehicle, small firefighting vehicle, logistics vehicle, equipment vehicle, or small rescue vehicle are all possible! Variability [...]
A new generation of hydraulic platforms is born
In order to always be able to offer our customers an excellent and complete product catalog, we are continuously working on improving, expanding, and driving forward our product areas. Not only do we wish to [...]
Flexibility has a name: Compact Line!
"The CL is the vehicle from Rosenbauer with the large, one-piece electric roll-up-type doors!" – Yes, that's right! But it is just one of the many variants with a special option from the CL options list. [...]
When speed is of the essence
Heathrow, Amsterdam, Frankfurt, Munich, Singapore - there is one at almost every major airport in the world, but it still lives a rather unknown existence. It is one of the most important vehicles for fire [...]
BUFFALOs in the far North
By Daniel Hofstätter|2020-11-03T08:49:44+01:0020.12.2016|ARFF Vehicles, Special Vehicles, Vehicles|
A number of interesting BUFFALO solutions are in operation across the Scandinavian countries. This vehicle type, based on the proven Customized Body System (CBS), makes a significant contribution to airport safety. The Customized Body System [...]
As effective as it is beautiful: The new AT-STINGER
By Oliver North|2020-11-03T08:49:45+01:0014.12.2016|Municipal Vehicles, Vehicles|
Over the past five years, we have been fortunate enough to enjoy huge success in the UK - a previously 'untapped' municipal region for the Group. The UK Fire & Rescue Services have around 15% [...]
Tried and tested technology for any fire department – efficiency worldwide!
Core module with tank and pre-installed pump unit The firefighting trucks of the AT series (Advanced Technology) demonstrate daily in countless operations why this series is so successful. Even so, the AT was [...]
Why we keep reinventing the aerial ladder
One would think that rescuing people from heights is the same as it was decades ago. But far from it! The turntable ladders of today are much more tuned to the different requirements of fire [...]
Heavy rescue vehicles of the current design
Modern heavy rescue vehicles, or how oversized toolboxes turned into high-performance rescue vehicles. You often hear that the concept of the heavy rescue vehicle is a bit outdated. But current examples demonstrate ever more that [...]
The new PANTHER in the USA
The new PANTHER was presented to the public in the USA for the first time on unfamiliar terrain. It was months and years of hard effort - the result made up for it many times [...]
Author Overview


This is a Silver Decorative Swept Frame, manchester out of pine. The moulding itself is 5 inches wide ( 127mm ) and will fit any artwork up to 10mm in thickness.
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Please be aware that as some parts of this frame are made to order it may take 2 - 5 days for manufacture and dispatch.
Please note sizes are artwork sizes, not external frame size.
Out of stock, due in 06/05/19.


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text:
\section*{Calculation results}

We first calculated the band structure within the standard density functional theory (DFT, Supporting Information) [Fig.~\ref{fig:figure2}(a)]. Below the Fermi level (from -1.75 to -0.5 eV), there is a pair of isolated $\pi_z$ Dirac bands just like the $p_z$-bands in graphene. Around the Fermi level (from -0.25 to 0.5 eV), there are seven bands, among which three are completely dispersionless, manifesting typical features of frustration. More importantly, the Fermi level almost coincides with one of the flat band. By resolving these bands according to the atomic composition, they can be decomposed into a three-band set (red) and a four-band set (blue). The three-band set mainly arises from the Cu ions, which can be nicely fitted by a single-orbital tight-binding (TB) hopping model on a kagome lattice [Fig.~\ref{fig:figure2}(b)]:
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{eq:Kagome}
  H_d^0=t_d\sum_{\langle ij\rangle}(d_{i\sigma}^\dag d_{j\sigma} + \text{H.c.})
\end{eqnarray}
where the summation $\langle ij\rangle$ are constrained within the nearest-neighbors (NN) on the Cu kagome lattice indexed by $i,j$, and $t_d=0.06$ eV is the fitted NN hopping amplitude. The four-band set arises from a combination of N and C orbitals, which reflects the typical features of an effective $\pi_{xy}$ $\sigma$-bond hopping model on a honeycomb lattice:
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\label{eq:pxy}
H_{\pi}^0 = t_\pi\sum_{\langle IJ\rangle}(\pi_{I}^{l\dag}\pi_{J}^l+ \text{H.c.})
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where the summation $\langle IJ\rangle$ are constrained within the NN bonds on the HAB honeycomb lattice indexed by $I,J$. $\pi^{l\dag}$ creates a superposition state of $\pi_x$ and $\pi_y$ orbitals with the orbital vector parallel to the bond, i.e. $|\pi^l\rangle=\cos\phi|\pi_x\rangle+\sin\phi|\pi_y \rangle$ with $\phi$ as the angle between the bond and the x-axis. $\pi_{x,y}$ are molecular conjugated orbitals from HAB with analogical symmetries to $p_{x,y}$ orbitals in single C or N atom. According to Fig.~\ref{fig:figure3}(a), they distribute among both C and N atoms. In this model, $t_\pi$ is equivalent to the $\sigma$-bond hopping amplitude, while the weak $\pi$-bond hopping is neglected. The fitted value for $t_\pi$ is 0.22 eV [Fig.~\ref{fig:figure2}(c)]. We noticed that the LDA band structure could be better reproduced by further considering that the $\pi^l$-orbitals on the NN sites have a small overlap $S=\langle \pi^l_I|\pi^l_J \rangle=0.18$. The generalized eigenvalue problem becomes $\det(H_\pi^0-\epsilon S)=0$, where $\epsilon$ is the eigenenergy.

To fully characterize this intriguing material beyond DFT, two additional questions should be answered: (a) What is the basis of these hopping models? The nonorthogonality of the effective $\pi_{x,y}$-orbitals revealed from the band fitting already implies that they should be complicated molecular orbitals; (b) How does interaction change the picture? This question is particularly important to the kagome bands arising from Cu, because Cu 3$d$-electrons are known to experience strong Coulomb repulsion.

These questions can be partially addressed by studying the building blocks of Cu$_3$(HAB)$_2$ based on the state-of-the-art quantum chemistry computational package (Gaussian). We proceed by a ``computational thought experiment'' to first analyze a single HAB molecule [Fig.~\ref{fig:figure3}(a)] and then sandwich one Cu atom between two HAB molecules [Fig.~\ref{fig:figure3}(b)]. Figure~\ref{fig:figure3}(c) shows the three highest occupied levels of a single HAB molecule. We also plot the wavefunction of these three levels. It is clear that they mainly arise from the $\pi$-conjugation of the C/N $p_z$-orbitals. The two degenerate levels $\pi_x$ and $\pi_y$ on top have the same symmetry as the atomic $p_x$ and $p_y$ orbitals. The single level below $\pi_z$ has the same symmetry as the atomic $p_z$ orbital. The molecular  $\pi_{x,y}$-orbitals define the basis of Eq.~\ref{eq:pxy}. In a single molecule, $\pi_{x,y,z}$  are all fully occupied.

\begin{figure}[tbp]
  \centering
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{FigureN2}
\caption{Band structures from DFT, DFT+U and the effective TB models. (a) Atomic-resolved DFT band structure; the marker size indicates the weight of the atomic composition. Decomposition of the bands into (b) a kagome lattice and (c) a honecycomb lattice, with comparison to the effective TB model band structure.(d) The DFT+U band structure; the solid(red) and dashed(blue) curves corresponds to different spins. (e) The DFT+U projected density of states.}
\label{fig:figure2}\end{figure}

Figure~\ref{fig:figure3}(d) shows the evolution of the occupied levels after putting a Cu atom between two HAB molecules. The highest occupied level now becomes a half-filled single orbital primarily consisting of the Cu 3d orbital. By choosing the Cu-N bonds as the orbital quantization axes, this molecular orbital is equivalent to an atomic $d_{x^2-y^2}$-orbital. All the other Cu 3$d$-orbitals are found to be deep down away from the Fermi level and fully occupied. Hence, Cu is in a +2 (3$d^9$) valence state, or equivalently, contains one single hole. The situation is actually very similar to that in high-T$_c$ cuprate superconductors\cite{Lee2006}, where the Cu-O planar crystal field splits out a half-filled $d_{x^2-y^2}$-orbital, and the dynamics of this dangling bond is the microscopic origin of all the unusual electronic properties\cite{Lee2006}. The $\pi_{x,y}$ orbitals now become the second highest occupied levels. They are still degenerate, but the filling factor reduces from 1 to $\frac{3}{4}$.This result can be understood by noticing that to bond with Cu, the two HAB molecules release four H$^{+}$ ions in total. The Cu$^{2+}$ ion, however, can only donate two electrons to the HAB molecules. Consequently, upon bonding with a Cu, each HAB molecule loses one out of its four $\tilde{p}_{x,y}$ electrons.

\begin{figure}[tbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{FigureN3}
\caption{Energy levels and the associated wavefunction of (a) a HAB molecule and (b) a Cu-(HAB)$_2$ cluster }
\label{fig:figure3}\end{figure}

We can now re-evaluate the DFT results. The effective four-band model on a honeycomb lattice (Eq.~\ref{eq:pxy}) can be firmly constructed out of the $\pi_{x,y}$ orbitals. These orbitals are itinerant, and thus should be well captured by DFT. The filling factor of the four-band set should be $\frac{1}{4}$, considering that each HAB ligand bonds with three Cu ions in the periodic Cu$_3$(HAB)$_2$ framework (Supporting Information). This means that the bottom flat band is fully occupied and all the other three bands are empty. The location of the Fermi level calculated from LDA correctly captures this property. The origin of the flat band lies in a special localized eigenstate as sketched in Fig. ~\ref{fig:figure1}(b). Electrons in this eigenstate cannot leak outside the hexagon due to complete destructive interference~\cite{Wu2007}.

With respect to the kagome degree of freedom, the Cu-(HAB)$_2$ cluster calculation indicates that each Cu$^{2+}$ ion contains a local spin, whereas the DFT calculation suggests the formation of a nonmagnetic metal with the Fermi level crossing the half-filling energy. This is the widely known failure of DFT due to the underestimation of electron correlation. A simple remedy within the DFT formalism is to include electron correlations in a Hartree-Fock mean-field manner, know as the +U correction. It has been demonstrated that DFT+U can correctly reproduce Mott insulating gap by explicitly breaking the time-reversal symmetry. Figure~\ref{fig:figure2}(d) shows the resulted band structure by choosing the empirically averaged Coulomb interaction $\bar{U}\sim5$ eV as commonly used for Cu. By referring to the projected density of states (PDOS) [Fig.~\ref{fig:figure2}(e)], we found that the Cu kagome band is split into a set of lower Hubbard bands and a set of upper Hubbard bands. The Mott gap ($U_0$) is about 2 eV, much smaller than $\bar{U}\sim5$ eV. It reflects the strength of onsite Coulomb repulsion in the presence of Coulomb screening due to itinerant conjugated $\pi$-electrons in the system. The complete Hamiltonian for this Cu$^{2+}$ degree of freedom can then be revised into:
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{eq:Heisenberg}
H_d=H_d^0+U_0\sum_In_{i\uparrow}n_{i\downarrow}.
\end{eqnarray}
The hopping amplitude $t_d=0.06$ eV in $H_d^0$ is much smaller than $U_0$. Therefore, at half filling, the large-U perturbation can be applied, which maps $H_d$ into a $S$-1/2 Heisenberg model:
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{eq:KagomeU}
H_d\simeq J_d\sum_{\langle ij\rangle}\mathbf{S}_i\cdot\mathbf{S}_j,
\end{eqnarray}
where $J_d=\frac{4t_d^2}{U_0}\simeq7$ meV is the strength of the AFM NN spin exchange. This AFM superexchange strength is small because of the large distance between Cu$^{2+}$ ions. Furthermore, the $\pi_{x,y,z}$ molecular orbitals around the Fermi level primarily arise from the C/N atomic $p_z$ orbitals, which are orthogonal to the $d_{x^2-y^2}$-orbital. Thus, there is no charge transfer between $\pi_{x,y}$ orbitals on HAB ligands and $d_{x^2-y^2}$-orbital on Cu ions (Supporting Information). For the same reason, the superexchange for Cu 3$d$ orbitals is scaled by on-site Coulomb interaction $U_0$.

One more important point revealed in Fig.~\ref{fig:figure2}(d) is that a Zeeman splitting of the $\pi_{xyz}$ bands occurs. This splitting is not related to the instability of the $\pi_{xy}$ flat band, because the $\pi_{z}$ Dirac bands are also split of the same amount. Therefore, it should be attributed to the coupling with the Cu local spin. It is clear from Fig.~\ref{fig:figure2}(e) that the downshifted (upshifted) $\pi_{xyz}$ bands have the same (opposite) spin direction as the Cu spin, indicating a ferromagentic (FM) Hund's coupling:
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{eq:hund}
H_{\pi d}=-J_H\sum_{i}\sum_{I\in \text{NN}(i)} \mathbf{S}_i\cdot \mathbf{s}_{I},
\end{eqnarray}
where $\mathbf{S}_i$ and $\mathbf{s}_{I}=\sum_{\alpha=x,y}^{\sigma=\uparrow/\downarrow}\sigma\pi_{I\alpha\sigma}^\dag\pi_{I\alpha\sigma}$ are the spin operators of the Cu $d_{x^2-y^2}$ electron and the NN HAB $\pi_{xy}$ electrons, respectively. $J_H$ denotes the Hund's coupling strength, which is roughly of the same magnitude as the Zeeman splitting $\sim$0.1 eV.

\begin{figure}[tbp]
  \centering
\includegraphics[width=0.9\columnwidth]{FigureN4}
\caption{STM simulations. Main figure displays the dI/dV spectra simulated for Cu$_3$(HAB)$_2$ surface, showing two prominent Hubbard peaks below and above the Fermi level along with one itinerant peak at the Fermi level. The insets show the STM topography of Cu$_3$(HAB)$_2$ surface with bias of 0.45/-1.55 and 0 eV corresponding to the kagome upper/lower Hubbard and honeycomb itinerant band, respectively.}
\label{fig:figure5}\end{figure}

To directly identify these two frustrated degrees of freedom, we propose to carry out scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurement of this material. STM has been widely applied to study the self-assembled metal-organic coordinated systems built through intermolecular hydrogen, covalent and coordinate bonding~\cite{Bartels2010,Liu2011}. Among those studies, many 2D network structures have been successfully synthesized through coordination bond between Cu and N atoms on various substrates~\cite{Lin2007,Pawin2008,Tait2008}, which makes growing and studying monolayer Cu$_3$(HAB)$_2$ through STM feasible and promising. Thus, we have simulated scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) mapping at two characteristic regions, as demonstrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:figure5}. The dI/dV spectra shows two prominent Hubbard peaks blow and above the Fermi level along with itinerant peaks right on the Fermi level. The STM topography simulations around the upper/lower hubbard peak with a bias of 0.45/-1.55 eV exhibit clear kagome patterns, and a honeycomb feature is observed for the bias of 0 eV around the itinerant peaks, as shown in the insets of Fig.~\ref{fig:figure5}. It is worth mentioning that our STM results are simulated for insulating substrates, where all the states will remain intact in the insulating gap.

\section*{Dicussion}

By combining the results above, we arrive at a full effective hamiltonian characterizing this unique material:
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{eq:full}
H=H^0_\pi+H_d+H_{\pi d},
\end{eqnarray}
which appears like a typical spin-fermion model as employed for iron pnictide high-temperature superconductors\cite{Kamihara2008,Dai2009,Kou2009} and colossal magnetoresistance manganites~\cite{Helmolt1993,Ramirez1997}. The interplay between the conducting electrons and local spins also lead to ubiquitous physical phenomena in other systems, such as the Kondo problems~\cite{Kondo1964,Anderson1961}, the heavy fermion systems~\cite{Andres1975,Senthil2004}, cuprate high temperature superconductors~\cite{Bednorz1986,Lee2006,Mei2012}. The situation of Cu$_3$(HAB)$_2$ is actually even more exotic - beyond the dichotomy between electron localization and itinerancy, as the spin and fermion also simultaneously suffer from strong frustration.

This bifrustrated spin-fermion model presents a new theoretical problem that remains to be explored by strong-correlation calculation methods, such as density matrix renormlization group~\cite{White1992}. On the other hand, the electron filling of the HAB ligands can be delicately tuned through either gating or chemical redox control~\cite{Kambe2013,Kambe2014}, which will result in various interesting quantum states.

Here, we will give some preliminary discussions about the phase evolution of Cu$_3$(HAB)$_2$ with different doping concentration, based on the existing knowledge of the subsystems. When all the $\pi$ electrons are removed (1e per HAB ligand, 1.24$\times$10$^{14}$ cm$^{-2}$), the system is at the $H_d$ side of the KAFM state, which is a hot topic in condensed matter physics in the past decade~\cite{Norman2016}. It is generally believed that $H_d$ alone will give rise to QSL with fractional spinon excitations. After adding $H^0_\pi$ by doping small amount of $\pi$ electrons, one simple possibility is that these fractional spinons can peacefully coexist with frustrated fermions in some circumstances, forming together a ``fractional Fermi liquid'' (FL$^*$)\cite{Senthil2003,Senthil2004}.

When considering only the $H^0_p$ system without $H_d$, there is a rigorous theorem originally proved by Mielke ~\cite{Mielke1991,Mielke1991a}, known as ``flat-band ferromagnetism''. It states that when an on-site Coulomb repulsion of any finite magnitude is turned on, the half-filled flat band has a fully-polarized FM ground state. It was later demonstrated that the flat-band ferromagnetism is stable against small perturbations. In some sense, the flat-band ferromagnetism represents the large-DOS limit of Stoner's criteria, complimentary to Nagaoka's ferromagnetism under the large-U limit.

Thus, with more $\pi$ electrons doped into the system, the flat-band ferromagnetism occurs and the itinerant fermions will act as a strong magnetic field on the spins via $H_{\pi d}$. Recall that the Hund's coupling $J_H$ is of the order of 100 meV, much larger than the AFM superexchange $J_d\simeq 7$ meV between spins. Consequently, the KAFM subsystem is also polarized into a FM configuration. Indeed, within the DFT+U formalism, we find that if we manually tunes the Fermi level to the half-filing point, which corresponds to extract 1/2 electron from each HAB on average, the spin degeneracy of the flat band is spontaneously lifted, and the FM Cu spin order has the lowest energy (Supporting Information).

It is straightforward to perform a spin-wave expansion on Eq.~\ref{eq:Heisenberg} with respect to the FM polarized ground state: $S_i^\dag=b_i, S_i^{-1}=b_i^\dag, S_i^z=\frac{1}{2}-b_i^\dag b_i$, in which $b$ corresponds to the Holstein-Primakoff boson, or magnon annihilation operator. Replacing the spin operators in Eq.~(\ref{eq:Heisenberg}) with $b^\dag$ and $b$, $H_d$ is transformed into:
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{eq:FM}
  H_d=\frac{J_d}{2}\sum_{\langle ij\rangle}(b_{i\sigma}^\dag b_{j\sigma} + \text{H.c.})+const.
\end{eqnarray}
This Hamiltonian appears almost the same as Eq.~(\ref{eq:Kagome}). The main difference is that the hopping particle transforms from a fermionic electron to a bosonic magnon. Obviously, the magnon band structure is the same as Fig.~\ref{fig:figure2}(b) after rescaling them with energy. It is important to note that the flat band is carried over to the magnon degree of freedom. The FM ground state is thus susceptible to various instabilities. In Fig.~\ref{fig:figure1}(c), we label this regime as a ``frustrated ferromagnet (FM)''.

\section*{Conclusion and perspective}
In conclusion, we have numerically demonstrated the coexistence of frustrated local spins and frustrated itinerant electrons in Cu$_3$(HAB)$_2$. Each of these two frustrated degrees of freedom is known to produce a rich phase diagram alone, and we argue that a real platform that simultaneously contains both will open even more possibilities. An effective model is constructed, but the theoretical solution has to rely on sophisticated numerical computations. Further experimental input is highly demanded, especially, the close energy proximity of the frustrated spin bands and charge bands enables a high tunability by gating to study the interplay between different quantum phases. One great challenge is to further improve the Cu$_3$(HAB)$_2$ crystalline quality. We have simulated the scanning tunneling spectroscopy and real-space mapping under different bias, which can be used to resolve the two types of frustrated lattices. The redox control techniques may also provide an alternate doping method to modify the electron filling of Cu$_3$(HAB)$_2$ lattice.

\matmethods{The crystal properties were calculated using first-principles methods based on density functional theory with Vienna \textit{ab} initio simulation package code. The molecular properties of HAB molecule and Cu-(HAB)$_2$ complex were calculated using Gaussian package with the B3LYP functional. More details are presented in $\textcolor{blue}{Supporting Information}$.

}

\showmatmethods

\acknow{J.-W. Mei and F. Liu are supported by U.S. DOE-BES (Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER46148). W. J. is supported by the National Science Foundation-Material Research Science \& Engineering Center (NSF-MRSEC grand No. DMR-1121252). Z. L. is supported by NSFC under Grant No. 11774196. We thank the CHPC at the University of Utah and DOE-NERSC for providing the computing resources.}

\showacknow

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv