text:
\section{Introduction}

   There has been the long standing problem, since the introduction
of a chemical potential $\mu$ coupled to the baryon density
\cite{Kog,Kar}, that the onset of thermodynamic quantities happens
in our lattice simulations \cite{Bar,Men3,Kle} at a much smaller $\mu$
than at the expected $\mu = m_N /3$. The baryon density and the
chiral condensate start changing from their vacuum values at $\mu$
of the order of  or earlier than  $m_{\pi} /2$, as if controlled by a
Goldstone mode with net Baryon number, which is clearly unphysical
in the low Temperature normal phase.

  The community had the hope that including properly the fermion
determinant, which for non-zero $\mu$ is complex and therefore
very difficult to implement with lattice methods, will by itself
solve this problem. The careful work by the Barbour group  in ref.\cite{Bar2}
and the follow up presented by I. Barbour and S. Morrison at this
Workshop, seem to show a pinching at a higher $\mu$ but the onset still
seems to be around $m_{\pi} /2$.

  Several years ago I described another possible problem,
on top of the fermion determinant one, that could be producing the
early onset in our lattice simulations.
 As is well known, for Kogut Susskind fermions the flavour
number is not conserved along their propagation due to hard gluons that
can make jump the fermion propagator pole to other corners of
the Brillouin zone, thus changing its flavour. This flavour changing
would produce a proliferation of flavours even for the valence quarks,
forming a much tighter bound nuclear matter than in nature\cite{Men3,Men4}.
 As we heard on various talks by F. Wilczeck, E. Shuryak and others at
this workshop, diquark condensates
could be produced easier the  more flavour species, which could drive
the observed early onset due to the flavour proliferation. Furthermore,
these hard gluons, with momenta $p \approx \pi /2a$ or higher, produce
easily lattice dislocations that give many unphysical
 ``small instantons''\cite{Men5}.
 Again E. Shuryak in his model of quark propagating among instantons, gets
increased propagation with a higher instanton density.

  We see then, that from several points of view it seems important
to find a way to suppress the gluons with momenta of the order of
the lattice cutoff.  We could regain flavour conservation and
suppress unphysical mini instantons. Both unwanted effects tend to lower
the $\mu$ onset value from the physical one.

  In order to achieve such a hard gluon suppression I have been experimenting,
first for $SU(2)$, with an ``improved'' gauge action which has the same naive
continuum limit as the usual one in the field strengths, but diverges for
plaquette phases of the order of the lattice cutoff. Even though this suppression
method is gauge invariant, it is important to use a Metropolis updating
scheme with small changes in the link phases, in order to guarantee that we
stay locally without spurious dislocations. In this way we can hope to
suppress small unphysical instantons.  The physical gluon momentum
transmitted to the fermions, given in the continuum by the Poynting vector,
being essentially in the nonabelian case shaped as a ``chair'' formed with two
contiguous plaquettes, could then also be kept low so as to conserve flavour.

  With L. Polley we had also tried out a new kind of lattice
fermions \cite{Pol,Men6},
the \mbox{t-asymmetric} ones, where one can reduce to 2 flavours from the start
(in contrast to the 4 staggered ones), but have several technical problems
to surmount, related with regaining the $O(4)$ symmetry, in order to calculate
the hadron masses and compare them with the onset. This will be treated in
the next section.

   In sec. 3 we will describe the new gauge action, mainly for $SU(2)$,
and discuss its implementation for $SU(3)$. The ultimative test will be
to generate configurations generated with such an improved gauge action, to
then compute the baryon density or chiral condensate for the full theory.

\section{t-asymmetric fermions}

  An earlier attempt in order to reduce the number of flavours, was
based on a new kind of fermions, also called t-asymmetric fermions,
that don't allow more than 2 flavours in contrast to the 4 flavours
for staggered ones \cite{Pol,Men6}. This fermions are obtained by just
taking a one-sided time derivative, which still produces an hermitian
hamiltonian and eventually a positive transfer matrix
(for $a_\tau < a_s / \sqrt{3+m_q^2}$). Consequently, the number of
flavours gets reduced to just 2. These fermions are related to
Susskind's hamiltonian formalism ones, via a unitary transformation
\cite{Suss,Banks} and a related form is also being investigated by
the Heidelberg group \cite{Sta}.

  The details of this formulation can be found in \cite{Pol,Men6}, with
the result that after a diagonalization in spinor space like the
usual Kawamoto-Smit one,
\begin{equation} \label{2}
\psi(x) = \alpha_1^{x_1} \alpha_2^{x_2} \alpha_3^{x_3}
   \chi(x) \quad\mbox{with}\quad
    \alpha_k = i \gamma_4 \gamma_k
\end{equation}
we get,
\begin{equation} \label{3}
K_{xy} = m \Gamma_4(x) \delta_{xy}
 + {\textstyle\frac{1}{a_{\tau}}}
  \left( e^{\mu} U_{x,4}\, \delta_{x,y-\hat{4}}
 - \delta_{x,y}\right)
 -  {\textstyle\frac{i}{2 a_{\sigma}}} ~ \sum_k
\Gamma_k(x) \left( U_{x,k} \,\delta_{x,y-\hat{k}}
  -  U^{\dag}_{x-\hat{k},k}\, \delta_{x,y+\hat{k}}\right)
\end{equation}
with the usual:
$\Gamma_{\nu}(x) = (-)^{x_1+\cdots + x_{\nu-1}} $, after
having thinned out to the first diagonal component. This
fermionic action $ \bar{\chi} K  \chi $ has then just 2
flavours. Susskind showed that there is a {\em discrete} version
of chiral invariance left over, preventing mass counterterms in
the interacting case, but not guaranteeing ``Goldstone behaviour'' for
the pions. One could still get light pions, like in Aoki's proposal
for Wilson fermions \cite{Aoki}.

  We had already done first simulations with the baryon density
for these fermions,
$ \langle J_4 \rangle = \langle e^{\mu} \,\bar{\chi}_x
  \, U_{x,4} \, \chi_{x+\hat{4}} \rangle $
and the chiral condensate, $\langle \bar{\chi} \chi \rangle$,
as function of
$\mu$. The operators have been calculated with the solved
pseudofermion method \cite{Men3}.
The curves for $\langle J \rangle$ are shown in ref. \cite{Men6} (Fig. 1)
and show a clear onset for two  $m_q=.01,.04$ at the same $\mu \approx 0.2$.
This result could be deceiving though as it is not clear
how  $m_\pi$ scales with $m_q$ for these fermions, as already mentioned
above. In order to really
check if we are getting better results, we have to compute for these
fermions the $\pi$ and $N$ masses. For this, considering that we need
a finer lattice in the $\tau$ direction for positivity and a fine
$a_\tau$ for charge conjugation symmetry in the propagators, we
have to scale the couplings to regain the $O(4)$ symmetry. Once this is
done, one can attempt to calculate the masses and the baryon density
for this $O(4)$  symmetric action. This has proven to be a formidable
task and presently I consider more promissory to improve on the
gauge sector.

\section{Improvements on the gauge action}

  The other way out, in order to prevent flavour changing is to suppress the
appearance of hard gluons with momenta $p > \pi /2a$. Without these hard
gluons the quarks cannot change their flavour by jumping to other corners
of the Brillouin zone. As mentioned, these hard gluons can also cause
unphysical mini-instantons that could enhance the quark propagation
in Shuryak's scheme, also affecting the $\mu$ onset.

  From my investigations in $SU(2)$ with instantons, in order to try to
suppress mini-instantons produced by lattice dislocations, one can do so
by modifying the action for plaquettes with a large phase. Instead of
the usual gauge action:
\begin{equation} \label{4}
S = \beta \  \sum_{\Box}  \  (1- 1/N \  {\rm Re \ tr} ( U_{\Box})),
\end{equation}
which has a maximum plaquette action of $2 \beta $  for a phase $\theta_{\Box}=\pi$,
one can take an  improved action of the form:
\begin{equation} \label{5}
S = \beta \   \sum_{\Box}  \ 2/\pi \ \tan(\  \pi/2 \ (1- 1/N \ {\rm Re \ tr} ( U_{\Box}))),
\end{equation}
which has the same naive continuum limit for small $a$, but diverges for plaquettes with
phases close to the cuttof. One can easily device functions which start the same and
grow even faster for larger plaquette phases. The point being that at relatively moderate
$\beta$'s one can suppress plaquette phases larger than $\theta_{\Box} \approx \pi/2$ and
therefore make sure that the effective ${\rm  tr}( F_{\mu \nu}^2)$ stays away from the
cutoff. ( For the usual gauge field action in $SU(3)$, for example at $\beta=6.0$,
around 1/3 of the plaquettes still have a phase $\theta_{\Box}> \pi/2$ !).
 The actual gauge invariant definition for the gluon momentum, resembling the
Poynting vector (${\rm tr}{\bf E \wedge B}$) in the continuum, involves  pairs of
orthogonal plaquettes like a ``chair''. If each of the plaquette phases is kept small
also the combined one should be constrainable to get $p < \pi /2a$.

  In order to avoid large phases in the gauge links, which produce dislocations
carring a topological charge \cite{Men3}, it is convenient to use the Metropolis
algorithm for the link update, with small changes in the $SU(N)$ matrix on each iteration.
In combination with an improved action as introduced above, one can obtain then fairly
``smooth'' gauge configurations, starting from the identity one. There is a problem
though, related with a random walk like drifting of the links at a vertex
corresponding to local gauge transformations, until we get
large link phases close to $\pi$ that can produce dislocations. This can be reduced by
gauge transformations that try to keep all the link phases low. The trick I used in
$SU(2)$ is to check the phase $\phi$ of the new link
$U = \exp (i \ \phi \  \hat{{\boldmath \phi}} \cdot  {\boldmath \sigma} )$ and if it is
larger than some phase,
lets say $\pi/6$, make a local gauge transformation that shrinks that link's phase
to $\pi/8$ keeping its $SU(2)$ direction, while applying the inverse element to the
other links at that vertex.
  These local gauge transformations succeed in keeping almost all $\phi$ smaller than
 $\pi/6$, thus suppressing almost all dislocations.

  In this way I have been able to constraint the total topological charge to values
\mbox{$Q_V < |\pm 1|$} in periodic lattices (the field-theoretic definition does not give
exactly integers), for fairly large $SU(2)$ lattices ($12^3 \times 24$)
with $\beta=2.5$. For these lattices also the charge  $Q_\upsilon$ with $\upsilon=V/2$
half the volume is also smaller than $ |\pm 1|$ showing no $I - \bar{I}$ pairs.

  One could also use more conventional action improvements in order to avoid hard
gluons, by including terms in the action proportional to the Poynting operator
(more generally the energy-momentum tensor $\Theta_{\mu \nu}$) that suppress
large fields. In other words, include ``chair'' diagram terms in the action.

  Another interesting alternative for an improved action in order to
reduce the flavour breaking, was presented by Laga\"{e} and Sinclair \cite{Lag}.
 They smear the links by covariant displacements in all directions, in order
to {\em project} the momenta to the central pole region in the Brillouin zone.
 In momentum space  in the continuum they project the fields
$ A_{\mu}(k) \rightarrow 1/16 \ \prod_{i=1..4}(1+\cos k_i ) \ A_{\mu}(k)$, which
in coordinate space corresponds to the smearing
$A_{\mu}(x) \rightarrow 1/256 \ \prod_{i=1..4}(2+ D_i + D_{-i} ) \ A_{\mu}(x)$.
They report a large reduction in the flavour symmetry violations for the
(non)-Goldstone $\pi$ splitting of masses. Up to now the only introduce this
projected gauge fields in the minimal coupling terms in their action and it
would be interesting to see what happens with the topology if they consider
such improvement in the gauge action.

\newpage
\section{Conclusions}

  The inclusion of the fermion determinant could  be not the only ingredient
needed in order to shift the onset chemical potential to physical values close
to the Nucleon mass.
Our lattice simulations at finite $\mu$ have been done  with an unimproved gauge
sector. This produces several unwanted effects, like the proliferation of
flavours even for valence quarks due to the hard gluons that can change the
flavour along the quark propagation. Also the topological sector is distorted
due to unphysical mini-instantons appearing due to non smooth gauge fields.

  Both unwanted effects should be suppressed with an improvement in the gauge
action. I introduced a simple to implement improvement that should help avoid
hard gluons and dislocations. These ideas have been tested for $SU(2)$ with
encouraging results and could also be implemented for $SU(3)$. In the Metropolis
algorithm we cannot use anymore the trick to have the sum of staples precalculated
as the action is not linear anymore, but the rest is very simple to implement.

  Once we have the gauge sector under control, with no hard gluons close to the
cutoff and no unphysical mini-instantons, we could again calculate the baryon
density operator or the chiral condensate to find its $\mu $ dependence. This
gauge updating could also be integrated in the unquenched code to redo Barbour's
group method to include the determinant.

  I would like to thank L. Polley for several interesting conversations on
this gauge field improvement.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


We are currently looking for a fully-qualified Resistant Materials teacher for a school in the Windsor and Maidenhead area. This is a temporary full-time role, beginning after the February half term and running up until the end of the summer term in July. As mentioned previously, the relevant qualifications and experience are essential for this position. The school in question requires a candidate who is a strong classroom practitioner with specialism in the subject area.
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text:
Harald Aschemann (* 27. Juni 1966 in Hildesheim) ist ein deutscher Ingenieur.

Leben

Harald Aschemann wurde am 27. Juni 1966 in Hildesheim geboren. Das Gymnasium Josephinum Hildesheim besuchte er von 1976 bis 1985, anschließend wurde er bis 1987 bei der Hildesheimer Gebrüder Jämmrich KG zum Werkzeugmacher ausgebildet. Nachdem er 1987/1988 seinen Grundwehrdienst geleistet hatte, studierte er an der Universität Hannover den Diplomstudiengang Maschinenbau. Diesen schloss er 1994 ab und erhielt den Grad eines Diplom-Ingenieurs. Im Folgenden war er 1995/1996 Entwicklungsingenieur bei der Schuler Pressen GmbH & Co. in Göppingen.

1996 ging Aschemann an die Universität Ulm, er wurde dort wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter der Abteilung Mess-, Regel- und Mikrotechnik. Nach der Promotion im Jahre 2001 zum Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften war er als Akademischer Rat und Dozent an der Universität tätig. 2001 erhielt er von der Universität den Kooperationspreis Wissenschaft-Wirtschaft für Arbeiten zur aktiven Schwingungsdämpfung von Feuerwehrdrehleitern. Ferner verlieh ihm die Gesellschaft der Ulmer Universität 2002 den Promotionspreis der Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften.

Aschemann wurde 2004 auf den Mechatronik-Lehrstuhl der Universität Rostock berufen.

Werke
 Optimale Trajektorienplanung sowie modellgestützte Steuerung und Regelung für einen Brückenkran (2002)

Weblinks

 Universität Rostock, Lehrstuhl für Mechatronik: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Aschemann

Maschinenbauingenieur
Hochschullehrer (Universität Rostock)
Deutscher
Geboren 1966
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


With the increase in the demand of Smartphones & Android Phones, Companies are quickly introducing new phones in the market with loads of features. Due to huge competition in the market, each and every mobile manufacturing company is trying their best to attract the Smartphone seekers. Another step is moved by Acer, Acer launched a new phone named as , Acer Liquid Metal.
Acer Liquid Metal is an Android Based Smartphone with amazing beauty and Style. For making this Smartphone different from company has come with unique design & looks. Acer Liquid Metal is featuring 3.6-Inches TFT Touchscreen and performance of this phone is powered by 800 MHz Scorpion Processor. Liquid Metal is sported with 5 MP Camera and support HD Video Recording @ 720p. Phone is running on the Android 2.2 Froyo OS. Acer Liquid Metal's Sound Feature is enhanced by Dolby Mobile Sound Enhancement.
Acer Liquid Metal is available at the price tag of Rs. 20000/-. The feature which I found degraded in this phone is Processor of 800 MHz which can be replaced with 1GHz at this price tag.


text:
Q: data consistency check : TypeError: argument of type 'NoneType' is not iterable so basically i am writing a some codes to cross check if my data is consistent.
I have written the below code but it has been showing TypeError: argument of type 'NoneType' is not iterable, i have tried changing the code quite a few times but still the same error comes out. Many thanks.
def checkdata(sex,school):
    if (sex == 'F') and ('boys school' in school) :
        return 'inconsistent'
    if (sex == 'M') and ('girls school' in school):
        return 'inconsistent'
    return

def Dif() :
    with arcpy.da.UpdateCursor(DATA_SET,
        [sex, school]) as Cursor :
    for Cols in Cursor :

            Data = checkdata(Cols[0], Cols[1])
            if Data is not None:
                print (Data, " ",Cols)

A: In this instance the 'Cursor' variable is None you can check this by printing it before it is used in the loop.
When the loop tries to iterate over None it raises the error shown.
UPDATE:
In that case I would suggest that school is None and the reasoning above holds. Please include the full error message when asking questions like this.

A: Ah. For one of your data records, you must be getting a None as the value of school. The TypeError is being thrown by the in operator, which expects a sequence type as the second operand. None isn't a sequence type - it's None ;-)
Try adding print(sex, school) as the first line of checkdata() to confirm the parameters are what you expect.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
namespace base {
class TaskRunner;
}

namespace ui {

// TODO(flackr): Componentize google drive so that we don't need the
// ScreenshotGrabberDelegate.
class SNAPSHOT_EXPORT ScreenshotGrabberDelegate {
 public:
  enum FileResult {
    FILE_SUCCESS,
    FILE_CHECK_DIR_FAILED,
    FILE_CREATE_DIR_FAILED,
    FILE_CREATE_FAILED
  };

  // Callback called with the |result| of trying to create a local writable
  // |path| for the possibly remote path.
  using FileCallback =
      base::Callback<void(FileResult result, const base::FilePath& path)>;

  ScreenshotGrabberDelegate() {}
  virtual ~ScreenshotGrabberDelegate() {}

  // Prepares a writable file for |path|. If |path| is a non-local path (i.e.
  // Google drive) and it is supported this will create a local cached copy of
  // the remote file and call the callback with the local path.
  virtual void PrepareFileAndRunOnBlockingPool(
      const base::FilePath& path,
      scoped_refptr<base::TaskRunner> blocking_task_runner,
      const FileCallback& callback_on_blocking_pool);
};

class SNAPSHOT_EXPORT ScreenshotGrabber {
 public:
  ScreenshotGrabber(ScreenshotGrabberDelegate* client,
                    scoped_refptr<base::TaskRunner> blocking_task_runner);
  ~ScreenshotGrabber();

  // Takes a screenshot of |rect| in |window| in that window's coordinate space
  // saving the result to |screenshot_path|.
  void TakeScreenshot(gfx::NativeWindow window,
                      const gfx::Rect& rect,
                      const base::FilePath& screenshot_path);
  bool CanTakeScreenshot();

  void NotifyScreenshotCompleted(
      ScreenshotGrabberObserver::Result screenshot_result,
      const base::FilePath& screenshot_path);

  void AddObserver(ScreenshotGrabberObserver* observer);
  void RemoveObserver(ScreenshotGrabberObserver* observer);
  bool HasObserver(const ScreenshotGrabberObserver* observer) const;

 private:
  void GrabWindowSnapshotAsyncCallback(
      const std::string& window_identifier,
      base::FilePath screenshot_path,
      bool is_partial,
      scoped_refptr<base::RefCountedBytes> png_data);

  // A weak pointer to the screenshot taker client.
  ScreenshotGrabberDelegate* client_;

  // The timestamp when the screenshot task was issued last time.
  base::TimeTicks last_screenshot_timestamp_;

  // Task runner for blocking tasks.
  scoped_refptr<base::TaskRunner> blocking_task_runner_;

  base::ObserverList<ScreenshotGrabberObserver> observers_;
  base::WeakPtrFactory<ScreenshotGrabber> factory_;

  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ScreenshotGrabber);
};

}  // namespace ui

#endif  // UI_SNAPSHOT_SCREENSHOT_GRABBER_H_

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Dunkin' Donuts eliminates artificial dyes
by Amlan Das/ January 10, 2018/ Lifestyle/	No Comments/
It's a whole new year, and Dunkin' Donuts is already touting more natural recipes.
On Jan. 4, the Canton, Mass.-based chain announced that not only have they removed all artificial dyes from doughnuts sold in the U.S., but parent company Dunkin' Brands Group intends to remove artificial dyes from all beverages and food by the end of 2018 as well.
"We are pleased to start the New Year with exciting and important donut news for our guests. Eliminating artificial dyes from our donuts is an incredible milestone moment for a fun brand whose products are synonymous with bright, colorful confections," chief marketing officer Tony Weisman said via press release.
"After years of research and development, we are thrilled to be taking such a big step in providing guests with simpler ingredients while still delivering the delicious taste and vivid colors expected with our donuts," Weisman added. "We look forward to sharing a sweet 2018 with more donut news and innovative new flavors in the months ahead."
That's not the only thing they are slimming down, either. According to the Boston Herald, Dunkin' plans to reduce its menu by 10 percent across the country by mid-March.
Waving goodbye (for now) to smoothies, select afternoon sandwiches, flatbread items, peach, caramel and mocha flavor coffee shots, as well as some muffins and bagel and cream cheese combinations that were optional for restaurants, the streamlined menu has been unveiled early at Dunkin' Donuts locations across New England. According to the release, the reduction hopes to speed up service and simplify preparation for Dunkin' staffers.
Of the slimmer menu and all-natural dyes, DD's vice president of operations strategy and supply chain, Chris Fuqua, told the Herald that the new menu rollouts have arrived at a great time.
"Franchisees have been asking for something like this for quite some time," Fuqua said. "Consumers have been looking for less artificiality in their food in general."
As if we needed another reason for a Dunkin' run.
Handy Ways To Keep Your Home Free From Termites
Brigitte Nielsen baby at 54 sparks debate about older mothers
Rita Ora Actually Wore A Bathrobe And Heels On The MTV EMAs Red Carpet
First monkey clones created in Chinese laboratory

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
HomeEntertainmentHightown Season 3...
Hightown Season 3 Release Date: Who Will Be Appearing?
Written by Tommie Fields
Hightown is a traditional American criminal drama series with a unique twist. Rebecca Cutter, Gary Lennon, Jerry Bruckheimer (Top Gun Maverick), and Johnathan Littman conceived and produced the series.
Starz TV's debut season was an instant hit, with the series breaking audience records across many digital platforms.
The series revolves around the drug war, drug use, and addiction, all of which are intermingled with a murder mystery case. The first and second seasons do an excellent job of introducing the narrative line, and viewers can't help but wonder whether there will be a third season.
Will Hightown be renewed or canceled for a third season on Starz?
The dramatic drama received good reviews from critics, who praised the outstanding acting and gripping storyline. Fans of the Starz crime drama have had a bumpy road. Instead of a finish like the rest of the series, everything looked to be moving to a much larger, ongoing plot. The previous seasons did an excellent job of setting up the story and keeping the audience interested.
In the early episodes of its first season, this show didn't have a lot of traditional ratings, but the numbers have grown considerably in the last two weeks. This implies that a big number of viewers watched the show via delayed viewing, which helped the show get renewed for a second season. Something similar could happen again, leading to the show's renewal for a third season. As new information becomes available, this page will be updated.
The Starz crime drama's second season is coming to a conclusion, and viewers have been on a rollercoaster trip. Everything appears to be building to a much larger, ongoing plot, rather than one that will be resolved in the remaining episodes. Many fans are starting to wonder if there will be a third season.
Watchmen Season 2 Release Date: Did It Get Cancelled?
Halo Infinite Season 2 Release Date: New Modes, Names, and Maps
"Hightown," a Starz drama series, has been renewed for a third season, with fresh episodes promising more off-season violence on Cape Cod. Keep an eye out for more details.
When will the third season of Hightown air?
Fans of Starz's criminal drama Hightown, which debuted on May 17 this year, may rest assured that Jackie's story is far from ended. Starz ordered a second season of the show in June 2020, even before the first season's finale aired on July 12. On October 17, 2021, the second season of a popular crime show premiered.
The first episode will air at 9 p.m. ET/PT on Monday, with subsequent episodes airing at the same time every week. Season 2 will have ten episodes in total, two more than the first season, according to the press release.
Season 3 of Hulu's Hightown, on the other hand, has yet to be confirmed. Season three of Hightown is still waiting to hear if it will be renewed. Although, if filming begins soon enough, fans of Hightown can anticipate a release in 2022.
Wilmington is preparing to recreate Provincetown, Massachusetts, thanks to the renewal of STARZ's crime drama "Hightown" for a third season. By the summer, when local filming begins, a spokeswoman indicated that production will be in full force.
What Will Happen in Season 3 of Hightown?
Jackie Quinones, a National Marine Officer who enjoys booze, drugs, and crazy parties, is the focus of the show. When she independently investigates the cause of the dead woman, she uncovers a washed-up dead body of an opioid addict (Sherry Henry), which makes her question her own lifestyle. Krista, Sherry's best friend, and a former addict herself witnessed her murder.
Love After Lockup Season 4 Release Date: Where Can I Watch It?
Savage Rhythm Season 2 Confirmation Release Date: Where Is It Filmed?
Following that, the series follows the standard investigation and crime thriller formula. The trauma of these incidents drives Jackie to seek sobriety. They realize, with the help of Interagency Narcotics Unit agent Ray Abruzzo, that unraveling the murder mystery will be difficult and time-consuming.
Who will appear in Season 3 of Hightown?
We may expect to see a lot of fan favorites in the upcoming season of Hightown:
Viewers are anxious to witness Monica Raymund as Jackie Quinones, the series' principal actor, unravel the mystery as well as her issues with substance misuse.
Frankie Cuevas Sr., a convicted and incarcerated drug lord in Cape Cod, is played by Amaury Nolasco.
Riley Voelkel portrays Renee Segna, Frankie Cuevas Srgirlfriend .'s and a stripper at Xavier's Bar and Lounge.
Junior is played by Shane Harper (A Teacher), a buddy of Jackie's and a drug dealer.
Det. Ray Abruzzo, a Massachusetts State Police sergeant, is played by James Badge Dale. Assigned to the Narcotics Units in Cape Cod.
Alan Saintille, a police officer assigned to the Cape Cod Narcotics Unit, is played by Dohn Norwood.
When will we be able to see the third season of Hightown?
The trailer for Hightown Season 3 is not yet available. However, you can view the official trailers for the first and second seasons at
1st season:
Season two:
Food Stamp
Unexpected Things Food Stamps Can Buy in the South
Tommie Fields -
Billions Are Being Spent by Schools on High-tech Defense Against Mass Shootings
Supreme Court Judges Who Misled While on Oath, According to AOC, Must Pay a Price for Their "Impeachable Crime
Some Americans May Still Be Due $1,400 in Stimulus Payouts
Tommie Fields - June 25, 2022
In many respects, the southern states of the United States are iconic and historically significant. You might picture alligators and swamps, bluegrass and jazz, beignets, and sweet tea when you picture the South. If you know where to search, you...
Last year, while Reid Bauer was wrapping up lunch at his middle school in the Atlanta region, an emergency alert started to blare through the hallways. Reid, who was in the sixth grade at the time, had never heard...
Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez said Sunday that judges who "lie under oath" face penalties. Ocasio-Cortez was alluding to Brett Kavanaugh and Neil Gorsuch, two Supreme Court justices. Despite both voting to overturn Roe v. Wade, two senators said the...


text:
Haunted History: Robert the Doll returns to the Florida Keys History & Discovery Cente
Haunted History: Robert the Doll returns to the Florida Keys History & Discovery Cente2017-10-202017-10-20https://www.kwahs.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/key_west_logo_330x87.pngKey West Art and Historical Societyhttps://www.kwahs.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Robert-the-Doll-and-David-L.-Sloan_Photo-by-Cori-Convertito.jpg200px200px
October 19, 2017 – (Key West, FL). Haunted History: Robert the Doll returns to the Florida Keys History & Discovery Center
The world's most famous and intriguing haunted doll will be taken out of his secured, glass display case at Fort East Martello Museum for another ride up the Keys to the Florida Keys History & Discovery Center at MM 82 in Islamorada (on the property of the Islander Resort, a Guy Harvey Outpost) for a "Haunted Halloween" presentation on Thursday, October 26th by author, ghosthunter, and paranormal researcher David L. Sloan. Doors open at 5:00pm with Sloan's presentation starting at 6:00pm.
"Who better than David Sloan to tell the story of what is largely considered the most haunted artifact in the Florida Keys?" says The Center's curator Brad Bertelli.
Sloan is the foremost authority on the doll, and author of the book "Robert the Doll," published in 2014. He will bring light to Robert's mesmerizing and eerie history that began just after the turn of the 20th century when Robert was created as a one-of–a-kind Harlequin doll by the Steiff Company in Germany- a company credited with the invention of the teddy bear- as a gift for young Gene Otto, son of prominent Key West doctor Joseph Otto.
"The experiences Sloan went through while working on the book nearly made him stop working on the project," says Bertelli. "Hearing David recount the trials and tribulations he encountered during the project would have caused less spirited writers to throw in the towel."
As part of Key West Art & Historical Society's diverse permanent collection, Robert represents a facet of "Key West's weird and wonderful history," says Society curator Cori Convertito, Ph.D. Legend has it he possesses a negative energy. Many historical accounts support this lore; even young Gene placed blame on the doll for everything negative that happened, claiming "Robert did it." The bond between he and the doll extended beyond childhood. As a grown man, Gene – an accomplished architect and artist who had exhibitions at Fort East Martello- built a special room for Robert in the turret of the Eaton Street home he shared with his wife Anne, a talented concert pianist. The doll remained in the home (which has since gone through phases of being both a private residence and guesthouse) for nearly seven decades, with several reports of eerie, unexplainable events that have caused even skeptics to speculate that "Robert did it."
Robert has been encased in glass with high-tech alarms since 1994 at Fort East Martello Museum where visitors must seek his permission to take his photograph, lest they be bombarded with bad luck. Fan mail continues to arrive daily from as far away as Australia, the U.K. and Japan, underscoring Robert's global appeal to people and cultures of all ages. He has taken trips to a TAPS (The Atlantic Paranormal Society) convention in St. Petersburg, to Las Vegas to be on the Travel Channel's television program "Zak Bagans: Mystery Mansion," and last year to the Discovery Center for a Halloween appearance.
"Since the Florida Keys History & Discovery Center's establishment in 2013, The Society has actively collaborated with the Upper Keys organization in order to foster a more cohesive and comprehensive understanding of the history and culture of the Florida Keys," says Convertito. "The Society views them as a wonderful partner and recognizes that we are better able to serve the Florida Keys community by working together."
Cost for the program is $25 for non-members and includes light appetizers. A cash bar will be available and Sloan will be on hand for book-signing after the program.
"What better way to prep for Halloween than a night filled with some truly creepy tales about the world-famous Robert the Doll?" says Bertelli.
Robert will return home to Key West just in time for Halloween. Fans of the 41-inch tall excelsior-stuffed doll can see him in his case, and also find a treasure trove of merchandise in his likeness by visiting Fort East Martello's museum store or going online at KWAHS.ORG/SHOP. For more information, contact Cori Convertito at 305.295.6616 x 112. Your Museums. Your Community. It takes an Island.
IMAGE: Robert the Doll, his own stuffed pet "Leo," and author David L. Sloan are set to appear at the Florida Keys History & Discovery Center at MM 82 in Islamorada for a "Haunted Halloween" presentation, Thursday, October 26th. Doors open at 5:00pm. (Photo by Cori Convertito)


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Home › National
Virginia's New Republican Black Woman Lieutenant Governor And The Era Of The 'Safe Negro'
Winsome Sears is a Republican who is willing to say all of the white people-friendly things regarding race relations in America.
Posted By Zack Linly
Source: Bloomberg / Getty
Let's talk about the safe negro and how Black people who fit the mold are often paraded around by white conservatives (and liberals for that matter) as proof that neither they nor America are racist.
Virginia's tight race for governor is over and Republican Glenn Youngkin has emerged victorious as the first GOP candidate to win statewide office in the commonwealth since 2009, according to CNN. Now, I know what you're thinking: "Didn't Youngkin basically win by joining Republicans in their war against Critical Race Theory, a thing they know absolutely nothing about outside of it making fragile white people uncomfortable? Isn't this the guy who had alleged white supremacists front and center on his campaign trail? What does that have to do with white people not being racist because of their alleged Black friends?"
Well, yes, he is the guy who railed against CRT under the guise of giving parents a choice in what their kids learn in school; and yes, the racist whiteys love him; but no, that has nothing to do with the "Black friend" thing. However, he isn't the only Republican who won big on Tuesday night.
Meet Winsome Sears, Virginia's new lieutenant governor.
According to WDBJ 7, Sears is not only the first woman of color to be elected to the position, but she's the first woman of color to win any statewide election in Virginia.
Now, I know what you're thinking: "Well doesn't her election indicate that we are at least moving towards a post-racial America?"
Well, that's one way of interpreting things—if you want to ignore the fact that it took the state until the end of 2021 to elect, not only its first Black woman Lieutenant Governor but its first woman of color to any statewide office, and that they did it while also electing a quintessential white American good ol' boy as Governor.
Also, Sears is a safe negro.
Sears is a Republican who is willing to say all of the white people-friendly things regarding race relations in America.
"There are some who want to divide, but we must not let that happen," she said during her victory speech, WDBJ reported. "We have had a Black president elected not once but twice and here I am, living proof."
Only white people and delusional people of color believe the election of former two-term President Barack Obama is proof of a post-racial America despite the fact that white people, in both elections, overwhelmingly voted against him, and despite the fact that we spent eight years listening to him being referred to as a Muslim (by people who hate Muslims), and immigrant (by people who hate brown people) and a radical leftist (despite the fact that most of his policies were neither radical nor all that leftist).
Now, to be completely fair, we don't really know how deep in the sunken place Sears resides. During her victory speech, she also said, "What we are going to do now is be about the business of the Commonwealth. We have things to tend to. We are going to fully fund our historically Black colleges and universities. We're going to have safer neighborhoods, safer communities, and our children are going to get a good education."
So, we at least know she isn't a full-on Candace Owens. (Because Owens thinks Netflix and Uber Eats are segregationist organizations because they have Black categories. I'm pretty sure she thinks the very concept of HBCUs is "reverse racism.")
Still, it is an absolute myth that the election of Black people to any office is proof of significant racial process—especially not in an America where white legislators get to pass laws that prohibit or hinder the teaching of Black history to all students based on the potential for white students and their parents to be made to feel bad about themselves and their country.
All white people in America do is latch onto Black conservatives for "not racist" points and call the Black majority hypocrites for resenting their "Black friends" instead of embracing them (as if they ever embrace their fellow whites who are of different ideologies).
But hey, maybe I'm wrong and Sears will be different.
I guess we'll find out.
Glenn Youngkin's No. 1 Campaigners Are Suspected Proud White Supremacists Who Love Racial Slurs And Black Death Fantasies
Youngkin Runs Ad Featuring A Karen Who Tried To Get Toni Morrison's 'Beloved' Removed From Her Son's School
Blacks For Trump: Notable African Americans Unwavering In Their Support Of All Things MAGA
1. Ali Alexander
Source:The Alex Jones Show	1 of 9
2. Jack Brewer
Source:Getty	2 of 9
3. Daniel Cameron
4. Larry Elder
5. Vernon Jones
6. Burgess Owens
7. Katrina Pierson
8. Tim Scott
9. Herschel Walker
Continue reading Blacks For Trump: Notable African Americans Unwavering In Their Support Of All Things MAGA
[caption id="attachment_4232358" align="alignnone" width="1024"] Source: CHANDAN KHANNA / Getty[/caption] Believe it not, Donald Trump gained a portion of his votes from Black people during the 2020 election. But what was it about his fear-mongering, disrespectful banter and obnoxious behavior that enticed these Blacks for Trump to cast their vote in his favor? A National Exit Poll conducted by the New York Times found that 18% of the Black men who did vote for Trump said that they appreciated his toughness and his ability to appear strong under pressure. Rappers like Kanye West and 50 Cent supported and coddled the former president for his semblance of power and bravado. Remember back in 2018, when Kanye took to Twitter and said that both he and Trump shared "dragon energy," even going so far as to call the turbulent former leader his "brother"? Take a look at any Trump rally over the last four years and especially in the past few weeks and you'll find a few Black folks peppered throughout the audience's sea of mostly white followers. 45's melanated believers come from all different kinds of backgrounds from politicians to conservative news reporters to average everyday joes like Maurice Woodside, who is also known as "Michael the Black Man," according to the Washington Post. https://twitter.com/RonFilipkowski/status/1446963827950735366?s=20 Since 2016, the hardcore Trump supporter has been seen posted behind the former reality TV star's shoulder at a number of rallies holding a bold sign that reads, "BLACKS FOR TRUMP." At times Michael can be seen wearing a shirt proclaiming the conviction that "TRUMP & Republicans Are Not Racist." His Trump gear often includes a nod to his wild conspiracy website called Gods2.com. He has reportedly called former president Obama "The Beast" and he's even referred to Hillary Clinton as a Ku Klux Klan member. Michael began to grow popular amongst Trump and his cronies for his unwavering support, but after reporters did a little bit of digging into his past, the Florida native's record revealed that he had previously stabbed a man from Louisiana named Leonard Dupree in the eye with a sharpened stick while he was serving in a Black supremacist religious group. Who knew that was a thing, right? Michael spoke about the incident during an interview with href="https://audioboom.com/posts/6232241-maurice-symonette-proprietor-of-blacksfortrump2020-com-explains-some-controversial-comments-on"> Chicago's WLS-AM in 2017. [caption id="attachment_4232666" align="alignnone" width="1024"] Trump makes a move on Candace Owens during the Young Black Leadership Summit in the White House on Oct. 4, 2019. | Source: Bloomberg / Getty[/caption] "I belonged to Yahweh Ben Yahweh, and he was not violent; he was a black man that was destroyed by the Clintons because we were black and prominent and doing things positive, as they have attacked all-black organizations," he explained. He then when on to add that he was proud of Trump for conquering "the Kingdom of Babylon", with his election win that year, adding that he had "delivered everybody out of the sure hands of death." [caption id="attachment_4232667" align="alignnone" width="1024"] Trump is followed by Ben Carson in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, on Dec. 7, 2019. | Source: MANDEL NGAN / Getty[/caption] Michael isn't the only Black person who has shown an odd amount of support from Trump over the years. We already know about the likes of Ben Carson, Candace Owens and Paris Dennard, to name but a few Blacks who have long been riding for Trump. But they're far from the only Blacks for Trump, as shown by the growing, sunken list below. Let us know: Who did we miss?
Virginia's New Republican Black Woman Lieutenant Governor And The Era Of The 'Safe Negro' was originally published on newsone.com


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A hump on the flat tax
The main left wing papers and even a right wing daily contend that the government's plan to introduce a levy on average and above-average incomes to compensate lower wage earners, amounts to abandoning its flat tax policy.
Even as he outlined the main figures of next year's budget, the Minister of the Economy announced that the transition to a flat income tax will be completed in 2012 by abolishing the tax free income section at the bottom of the income ladder. In a parallel move, higher income layers will benefit from the abolition of a system according to which they also pay tax on the social contributions their employers pay for them. As BudaPost reported on Wednesday, Magyar Nemzet urged the government to alter that scheme, and it now has. It is pressing for substantial wage increases, and anybody who still feels losing out may ask for compensation from the Income Tax Authority. Such sums will be covered from a new levy, to be paid by those who earn more than HUF 202 thousand per month. The prime minister's spokesman denied that that provisional levy would amount to a new tax, but most newspapers don't believe him.
The two national left wing dailies, Népszava and Népszabadság announce on their front pages that the flat tax has to all extents and purposes been abolished. "Nothing is eternal" – Népszava's deputy editor János Dési comments. In an ironic remark on the official denials by government sources, Dési acknowledges that the sums higher wage earners will have to pay to the Income Tax Authority are defined as a contribution, rather than as income tax. "What a difference!" – he exclaims.
"The government has made a concession: multi-rate income tax is back, if only provisionally" – pro-government Magyar Hírlap declares in a front page lead. In an op-ed column, Professor András S. Szabó urges the government to admit that the flat tax system is a failure. "It would be wrong to stick to earlier ideas merely in order not to lose face," he contends, adding that "one must have the courage to admit one's mistakes."
Tags: taxes


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Violaine Vanoyeke est une poétesse, romancière et femme de lettres française, née le  à Paris. Auteur de quelque quatre-vingts ouvrages, elle en a également cosigné certains avec son mari, Philippe Engerer, mort en 2008. Une partie de ses ouvrages, dont la majorité à vocation historique, a été accusée de manque d'assise scientifique et de plagiat. Elle est par ailleurs très controversée sur son parcours et ses compétences.

Biographie
Selon son site web, après des études de lettres classiques, Violaine Vanoyeke enseigne quelques années dans un lycée de Saint-Cloud. Elle est également chargée de cours à l'université de Nanterre pendant huit ans. Elle publie dans un premier temps des recueils de poèmes (L'Art aux yeux pers, 1980), ainsi que des anthologies, comme Le Mythe en poésie (1986). Elle se présente comme l'initiatrice d'un nouveau courant littéraire qu'elle appelle le « naïvisme ».

À la fin des années 1980, elle se tourne vers l'histoire ancienne, qu'elle aborde sous l'angle romanesque. Elle publie en 1988 un Messaline (en collaboration avec Guy Rachet), puis Le Druide en 1989 et Les Louves du Capitole en 1990.

Cette même année, paraît aux Belles Lettres, maison d'édition spécialisée dans les études sur l'Antiquité classique, une monographie intitulée La Prostitution en Grèce et à Rome. La critique universitaire est divisée. Dans la revue belge d'études latines Latomus, Alain Touwaide signe un compte rendu positif, parlant d'un « vaste panorama compréhensif […] complément utile à une étude polyédrique de la réalité sociale antique, grecque ou romaine ». En revanche la revue Topoi publie un article, beaucoup plus sévère, dû à François Picard. Il y signale les grossières erreurs historiques qui l'entachent, déplore des références approximatives ou douteuses et surtout constate un « démarquage simplificateur » de passages entiers du livre de Catherine Salles Les bas-fonds de l'Antiquité (1982), certaines de ces erreurs pouvant même constituer, à son avis, une « maladresse dans le plagiat ». L'ouvrage connaît toutefois un certain succès et sera traduit en espagnol (1991), en grec (1996), en japonais (1997) et même en chinois (2007).

En 1992, elle publie, toujours aux Belles Lettres, La Naissance des Jeux olympiques et le sport dans l'Antiquité. Guy Lacaze, professeur à l'université de Tours, en dénonce l'« érudition toujours maladroite » et la « démarche confuse, parfois puérile ». Dans le même article, Guy Lacaze critique aussi Les Grandes Heures de la Grèce (1992) () et Les Sévères (1993) (). Lors d'une réédition à l'occasion des Jeux olympiques de 2004, Michel Debidour, professeur à l'université de Lyon, est, lui aussi, réservé : « Il manque à cette compilation une cohérence et une véritable analyse historique (…). On ne peut que s'étonner qu'une maison sérieuse comme Les Belles Lettres ait jugé bon, après douze ans, de rééditer un tel ouvrage sans y apporter ni changement ni correction. ». Ces critiques, au demeurant peu médiatisées en raison de leur parution dans des revues à caractère scientifique destinées à un public d'universitaires, n'empêcheront pas une large diffusion du livre, régulièrement cité comme une référence dans les études et les bibliographies sur le sport.

Violaine Vanoyeke enchaînera avec la publication, chez d'autres éditeurs, d'ouvrages consacrés au monde gréco-romain : Hannibal (1995), Périclès (1997).

Sa biographie du poète Paul Éluard, parue en 1995, est sévèrement critiquée dans la revue Art Press : « Le travail d'enquête est bâclé, le document est rarement de première main (…). On apprend peu ».

Elle devient directrice de collection chez Critérion (1992), préside plusieurs salons du livre, dont celui de Cosne-sur-Loire (1994), et tient une chronique littéraire dans Le Quotidien de Paris de 1990 à 1994.

À partir de 1996, elle se consacre à l'Égypte antique. Ses deux monographies, Ramsès  (1996) et Les Ptolémées, derniers pharaons d'Égypte (1998) sont très controversées. Concernant Ramsès , Philippe Collombert, professeur d'égyptologie à l'université de Genève, affirme que cette biographie n'est, en grande partie, qu'un simple démarquage du Ramsès  de Pierre Grandet, paru trois ans auparavant. Ces accusations de  sont répercutées dans Le Point par Michelle Bergadaà, une universitaire franco-canadienne auteur d'études sur le plagiat dans le domaine de la recherche À propos des Ptolémées, Maurice Sartre, spécialiste de l'histoire du Proche-Orient ancien, signale une foule de contresens, anachronismes et bévues diverses avant de conclure : . Par la suite, elle revient au roman historique et signe une abondante production, parue en grande partie chez Michel Lafon. François Picard, dans un livre pamphlétaire critique plusieurs de ses ouvrages, et dit avoir relevé dans  La Prostitution en Grèce et à Rome (p. 21-36), Les Grandes Heures de la Grèce (p. 39-44), Les Sévères (p. 45-57) et Hannibal (p. 59-67), de graves erreurs et des maladresses méthodologiques mais aussi de multiples emprunts, parfois textuels, à divers historiens modernes (Catherine Salles, Robert Turcan et ). Il formule le même type de critiques, erreurs et plagiats, pour la saga des Schuller.

Elle est invitée à la radio et à la télévision en tant qu'experte en histoire ancienne et archéologie, en particulier en 2004, lors des Jeux olympiques. Depuis 1996, elle a participé à plus de cent-cinquante émissions. Elle a d'ailleurs mis en ligne sur le site YouTube, à partir de , d'abondants extraits de ses apparitions télévisées. Elle participe également à divers salons du livre (comme récemment, en 2016, la Biennale du livre d'histoire, qui s'est tenue à Pontivy), et multiplie les conférences.

Ses livres ont fait l'objet d'articles promotionnels tant dans la presse nationale (Le Figaro, France-Soir, La Vie) et régionale (La Voix du Nord, Le Populaire du Centre, Les Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace, Le Républicain lorrain, Le Parisien, etc.) que dans divers magazines destinées à un public féminin, comme Les Bonnes Soirées, Elle, Gala, Intimité, Version Femme, etc.

Violaine Vanoyeke est membre du comité d'honneur de l'Association pour la sauvegarde et l'expansion de la langue française (Asselaf).

Après le décès de son mari, qui serait imputable à une succession d'erreurs médicales, elle publie le livre Homicide : même l'hôpital peut tuer !, et mène une campagne en faveur des victimes des hôpitaux, des maisons de retraite et des instituts d'handicapés, comme elle l'indique sur son site web.

En 2008, l'État lui propose un emplacement au cimetière du Père-Lachaise. Elle choisit alors de faire orner sa tombe d'une statue à son effigie, sculptée dans du marbre de Carrare par l'artiste Muretain Gérard Lartigue. Le socle porte par ailleurs la mention : « Ecrivain, égyptologue, latiniste, helléniste, linguiste, pianiste »

Candidate, en 2011, au fauteuil de Maurice Druon à l'Académie française, elle n'obtient pas de voix. C'est Danièle Sallenave qui est élue dès le premier tour avec dix-huit voix contre cinq à Jean-Louis Servan-Schreiber.

Œuvres
Les listes qui suivent ont été établies à partir des catalogues de bibliothèques français et étrangers de référence (Bibliothèque nationale de France, SUDOC, Karlsruhe Virtual Catalog, Library Hub Discover, WorldCat, etc.). Il n'est pas fait état d'éventuelles réimpressions ou rééditions (lesquelles peuvent comporter des changements dans le titre), ni des traductions en langues étrangères.

Poésie
 L'art aux yeux pers, Paris, Éd. Saint-Germain-des-Prés, 1980, 34 p.
 L'harmonie et les arts en poésie, éd. par V. Vanoyeke, Monte-Carlo, Éd. Regain, 1985, 63 p. [anthologie de la poésie française contemporaine]
Le mythe en poésie, Monaco, éditions Regain, 1986, 93 p. [anthologie]
 La ville, préf. de Violaine Vanoyeke ; avec la collab. de 268 poètes, Paris & Carnac, J. Grassin, 1989, 457 p.  [anthologie]

Romans

  [le nom de G. Rachet est omis dans la bibliographie figurant sur le site de l'auteur]

 Les Schuller :

  [a pour sujet la vie de la cantatrice Maria Malibran]

Romans sur l'Égypte antique

Série Les histoires d'amour des pharaons

Série Les pharaons du soleil
 La pharaonne. 1, La princesse de Thèbes, Paris, Michel Lafon, 1998, 389 p.
 La pharaonne. 2, Le pschent royal : roman, Paris, Michel Lafon, 1998, 367 p.
 La pharaonne. 3, Le voyage d'éternité : roman, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Michel Lafon, 1999, 434 p.
 Thoutmosis. 1, Le rival d'Hatchepsout : roman, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Michel Lafon, 2000, 325 p.
 Thoutmosis. 2, L'ibis indomptable : roman, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Michel Lafon, 2000, 303 p.
 Thoutmosis. 3, Au royaume du sublime : roman, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Michel Lafon, 2000, 301 p.
 Aménophis. 1, Le prince de lumière : roman, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Michel Lafon, 2001, 279 p.
 Aménophis. 2, Le breuvage d'amertume : roman, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Michel Lafon, 2001, 323 p.
 Aménophis. 3, Vénérable Tiyi : roman, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Michel Lafon, 2002, 323 p.
 Néfertiti et Akhenaton. 1, La belle est venue : roman, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Michel Lafon, 2002, 324 p.
 Néfertiti et Akhenaton. 2, L'horizon d'Aton : roman, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Michel Lafon, 2003, 281 p.
 Néfertiti et Akhenaton. 3, Le faucon d'or : roman, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Michel Lafon, 2003, 323 p.
 Toutânkhamon. 1, L'héritier : roman, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Michel Lafon, 2003, 299 p.
 Toutânkhamon. 2, La fille de Néfertiti : roman, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Michel Lafon, 2004, 299 p.
 Toutânkhamon. 3, Le pharaon assassiné : roman, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Michel Lafon, 2004, 301 p.
 Aÿ, pharaon. 1, Les meurtriers de Toutânkhamon : roman, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Michel Lafon, 2004, 327 p.
 Aÿ, pharaon. 2, La disparition de la reine : roman, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Michel Lafon, 2005, 327 p.
 Aÿ, pharaon. 3, L'ennemi du Nil : roman, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Michel Lafon, 2005 301 p.
 Horemheb, roi d'Égypte. 1, Les complots : roman, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Michel Lafon, 2006, 261 p.
 Horemheb, roi d'Égypte. 2, Le justicier : roman, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Michel Lafon, 2006, 261 p.
 Horemheb, roi d'Égypte. 3, La vengeance : roman, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Michel Lafon, 2006, 257 p.
 Ramsès. 1, Les secrets du prince : roman, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Michel Lafon, 2007, 277 p.
 Ramsès. 2, Un étrange destin : roman, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Michel Lafon, 2007, 281p.
 Ramsès. 3, Les mystères du palais : roman, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Michel Lafon, 2008, 369 p.
 Ramsès . 1, Complots contre Pharaon : roman, Monaco, Alphée, 2010, 327 p.

Ouvrages à caractère historique

  [avec un choix de poèmes d'Éluard]

  [ouvrage illustré pour la jeunesse]

  [opuscule accompagnant La pharaonne. 1, La princesse de Thèbes (1998), mentionné ci-dessus]

  [avec une bibliographie et une discographie de l'auteur]

Autobiographie

En collaboration avec Philippe Engerer

Discographie
 Torrent, poèmes de V. Vanoyeke dits par Lucien Plaissy, avec V. Vanoyeke au piano, Tassin, Rhodanienne d'enregistrements magnétiques, 1984, 1 disque 33 t, 30 cm
 Cœur chromatique : poème en cinq actes, dit par Dominique Paturel, avec V. Vanoyeke au piano, Tassin, Rhodanienne d'enregistrements magnétiques, 1986, 1 disque 33 t, 30 cm

Notes et références

Liens externes

Romancière française du XXe siècle
Romancière française du XXIe siècle
Naissance en avril 1956
Naissance à Paris
Auteur français de roman historique
Auteur français de roman policier
Auteur de la collection Labyrinthes
Auteur de roman se déroulant dans l'Antiquité
Candidat à l'Académie française
Index égyptologique


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\section{Introduction}

The formation of molecular hydrogen (H${_2}$) in the interstellar
medium (ISM) is considered one of the most important chemical
reactions occurring in space. H${_2}$ is ubiquitous, it is by far
the most abundant molecular species in the Universe and is a major
contributor to the cooling of astrophysical media. In addition, this
simple molecule is also responsible for initiating the interstellar
chemistry leading to the large and various inventory of molecules
that have been observed so far \citep{dal00}.

Since gas phase routes for the conversion of hydrogen atoms to
molecules are too inefficient to account for the high abundances
that are observed, it has been long assumed \citep{gou63}, and now
confirmed by many laboratory experiments \citep[e.g.,][and
references therein]{vid06}, that molecular hydrogen is formed
efficiently in surface reactions on cosmic dust grains. The two main
mechanisms invoked for surface catalysis are: the
Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanism, in which H${_2}$ forms in a
H-atom diffusion process, and the Eley-Rideal (E-R) mechanism, or
`prompt' mechanism, in which an impinging H-atom reacts directly
with an adsorbed H-atom \citep{dul96}.

Of major concern for this work, is the 4.48~eV released upon
formation of the H${_2}$ molecule on grain surfaces and how the
binding energy is distributed between the reaction site and the
translational and internal energy in the molecule. Several
theoretical and experimental works have been carried out on this
subject. To cite just a few examples, the formation of H${_2}$ via
the E-R process on graphite surfaces at 10~K was studied with purely
quantum mechanical calculations \citep{far00,mei01,mor04b},
semi-classical quantum molecular dynamics \citep{rut01} and
classical and quasi-classical trajectory calculations \citep{par98}.
These studies generally find the product H${_2}$ in significantly
excited \textsl{v--J} states. Quantum dynamics of the L-H mechanism
on graphite was studied by \citet{mor04a,mor05}. They predict even
greater vibrational energy of the nascent molecule. A very recent
computational study by \citet{gou09} on an olivine surface seems to
suggest, however, that nascent H$_{2}$ formed from chemisorbed
H-atoms is considerably less ro-vibrationally excited than when it
is formed on graphite.
 As to the case of interest here,
hydrogen formation on water ice, \citet{tak99} made a detailed
calculation of H${_2}$ formation on amorphous ice using a classical
description in a molecular dynamics formulation. They found most of
the recombination energy distributed in vibration (70~to 80\%) of
the product H${_2}$ while only 5\% of the H-H bond energy was
deposited in the ice substrate.

Experiments performed on non-porous surfaces show that molecular
hydrogen is formed in a ro-vibrational excited state both on
graphite \citep{lat08} and on amorphous solid water ice
\citep{ami07}. As for the formation of H${_2}$ on porous substrates,
\citet{ros03} and \citet{hor03} found that newly formed HD molecules
desorb from a porous water ice film with a kinetic energy that shows
previous thermalization with the substrate. However, their
experiments do not provide any information on the internal
excitation of the molecules upon formation.

In principle it is possible to observe newly formed molecular
hydrogen directly in the interstellar medium. The formation
excitation of ro-vibrational states will be followed by spontaneous
radiative transitions to lower energy levels hence infrared emission
from newly formed H$_2$ in dark cores should be detectable
\citep{dul93b}. Observations of Barnard 68 (or Lynds Dark Nebula LDN
57) have been made as part of the programme ref 66.C-0526(A) in
March 2001 at ESO-VLT using the ISAAC instrument in spectroscopic
mode by Lemaire \&~Field (private communication). No detection of
H$_2$ emission has been observed looking at the core of the object
in K band, despite a 5-hour integration in nodding mode to subtract
the telluric lines. The position of the slit on the object was
chosen on the core and off object including, in the latter case, a
few faint stars in or on the side of the spectrograph slit. Then
only the continuum for these non-listed stars has been detected.
 This lack of detection has
been reported later on by \citet{tin03} on two others dark nebulae,
L1498 and L1512, using the CGS4 spectrometer at UKIRT and observing
in the H band. Using the calculations by \citet{far00} and
\citet{mei01}, \citet{tin03} predicted an observational spectrum
arising from newly formed excited H$_2$. According to their model,
there should be a clear spectral signature of H$_2$ formation
excitation in both diffuse and (particularly) dark clouds. They then
went on to observe two dark clouds to verify their predictions.
H$_2$ emission was not detected at the 3$\sigma$ level. The authors
provide several reasons for this non-detection. Possibly one of the
most important reasons is that the predicted spectrum is based on
dust grain surfaces composed of pure graphite. In the case of the
L1498 and L1512 it is known that molecular species such as CO, CS,
H$_2$CO and CCS have been depleted from the gas phase and reside on
the surface of the grains \citep[e.g.,][and references
therein]{shi05}. It is therefore very likely that grains are covered
in molecular ices. The dust temperature is estimated to be
$\sim10$~K in both clouds. The other main assumption is that the
formation of H$_2$ proceeds through the E-R mechanism although it is
likelier that the formation proceeds through the L-H mechanism
\citep[e.g.,][]{cre06}.

This letter is intended to provide another strong argument to
explain the non-detection of excited product H${_2}$ in dark clouds.

\section[]{Experimental Methods}\label{sectexp}

The experimental technique and apparatus have been described
elsewhere \citep{ami06} and are only summarized here. The
experiments take place under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions
(base pressure $\sim 1 \times 10^{-10}$~mbar) in a stainless steel
chamber. This experiment directs a D-atom beam collimated through a
triply differentially pumped beam-line to a target located in the
vacuum chamber. The target consists of a polished circular (1~cm in
diameter) copper surface attached to the cold finger of a
closed-cycle He cryostat and can be cooled to a lower limit of 8~K.
The temperature is measured by a calibrated silicon diode clamped on
the back of the target. D-atoms generated by microwave dissociation
of D$_2$ are piped through a PTFE tubing to an aluminium nozzle in
the first stage of the beam-line. A typical dissociation efficiency
in this experiment was 60\% and the resulting D-atoms were
thermalized to approximately 300~K via collisions with the walls of
the PTFE tube.
Amorphous solid water (ASW) ice samples were grown \textit{in situ}
by exposing the cold Cu surface to pure water vapor by back-filling
the chamber. Non-porous (compact) ASW (np-ASW) ices were prepared at
a surface temperature of 120~K while porous ASW (p-ASW) samples were
prepared with the surface held at 10~K. The preparation and
characterization methods are the same as employed in a recent work
by our group \citep{fil09}.

A quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) is employed for the detection
of the products entering the vacuum chamber or coming off the sample
in real-time mode during the irradiation phase. Due to the
configuration of our apparatus, the QMS was placed 5~cm above the
surface to allow for direct D-irradiation of the ASW ice sample. The
QMS is also used to detect D$_{2}$ molecules in a vibrationally
excited state by tuning the ionizing electron energy inside the QMS
head as follows. The QMS detection is preceded by ionization of the
molecules that are then selected by their \textit{m/e} ratio and
finally detected as ion counts. The ionization threshold for the
lower level of D$_2$ is 15.46~eV and the ionizing electron energy is
normally set to 30~eV. As the energy requirement for ionization
decreases for the vibrationally excited molecule, setting the
electron energy to a value lower than 15.46~eV allows to detect
solely internally excited molecules. In the present experiment, the
detection of excited D$_{2}$ was performed with the ionizing
electron energy set to 15.2~eV, which would allow us to detect
molecules in a vibrationally excited state $v'' \ge 2$. Previous
experiments carried out using this technique proved effective for
the detection of excited D$_2$ up to $v'' = 7$ \citep{ami07}. Newly
formed molecules are not detected directly as they leave the ASW
sample but as background molecules that have collided at least once
with the walls of the vacuum chamber. However, it can be fairly
assumed that this configuration has the only disadvantage of
reducing the number of detectable excited molecules but that no
qualitative effect occurs.

Nascent excited D${_2}$ molecules were studied by D-atom irradiation
of a 100-monolayer (1~ML $= 1.0 \times 10^{15}$ molecules cm$^{-2}$)
np-ASW ice and D-atom irradiation of a 10~ML p-ASW ice film grown on
a substrate of np-ASW. In both cases the substrate temperature was
held at 10~K.

\section[]{Results}\label{sectres}

\subsection{D irradiation of non-porous ASW}

Fig.~\ref{1} shows a comparison between the two curves obtained by
monitoring the total amount of D${_2}$ molecules and only the
excited-D${_2}$ signal (two separate experiments) during a 1-hour
exposure of D-atoms to the np-ASW ice substrate. The blue trace
represents the signal from all D${_2}$ molecules, whether in an
excited state or not. As discussed in detail in \citet{ami07}, the
roughly linear increase of the total-D${_2}$ signal during the first
200~s of D-irradiation indicates an enhancement of D$_{2}$
formation. Because of the augmented number of molecules on the
surface, deposited by the non-dissociated fraction of the impinging
D beam, the D-atom sticking probability increases \citep{gov80}. In
the early stage of the D-atom irradiation, when the surface coverage
is still low, the hallmark of the ongoing molecular formation --
besides the increase of the total-D${_2}$ signal -- is the
simultaneous increase of the number of excited nascent D${_2}$
molecules detected (red trace in Fig.~\ref{1}). In such a coverage
regime we assume that the excited-D${_2}$ yield is proportional to
the total number of nascent molecules. This also agrees with the
results obtained on another non-porous substrate (highly orientated
pyrolitic graphite) by \citet{cre06} at a surface temperature of
15~K. As the number of adsorbed molecules on the np-ASW substrate
approaches the saturation coverage of $\sim 1.8 \times 10^{14}$
molecules~cm$^{-2}$ \citep{ami07}, the total-D${_2}$ trace becomes
less steep (i.e., decrease of the recombination rate) until it
reaches a plateau value after $\sim 600$~s. A steady-state regime
between formed/deposited and desorbed D${_2}$ molecules is now
established and the recombination rate remains constant.
Concurrently with the probable decrease of the recombination
probability we also observe a drop in the excited-D${_2}$ yield
after it peaks at $t \sim 130$~s and reaches rapidly ($t \sim
500$~s) a steady low-count signal that is about $1/5$ of the maximum
value. Together with a reduced recombination probability with the
onset of the saturation coverage, the decrease of the
excited-D${_2}$ signal suggests that newly formed D${_2}$ molecules
may also undergo a thermalization with the surface via an efficient
energy transfer due to the enhanced number of molecules on the
surface. The low-count plateau value of ro-vibrationally excited
D${_2}$ molecules is however not to be seen as a mere instrumental
noise, but as a real and measurable signal. In fact, much attention
has been paid to verifying that we do not observe excited D$_{2}$
molecules when the ASW ice substrate is exposed to a beam of
molecules (i.e., no D$_{2}$ formation in progress) nor when D-atoms
are exposed to a surface at a higher temperature (i.e., residence
time of atoms on the surface becomes too short for recombination to
be efficient).

In order to prove the decisive role of already adsorbed molecules in
a regime of saturation coverage and at what extent they determine
the drop-off in the amount of excited nascent D${_2}$ molecules, we
repeated the D exposure of the np-ASW substrate after dosing the
surface with D$_{2}$ molecules. To saturate the surface, we
irradiated the non-porous ice substrate to a 20-minute D${_2}$
exposure (corresponding dose of $\sim 10$~exposed ML). However, it
should be noted that when the saturation at 10 K is achieved, only a
fraction ($\sim 0.2$) of the non-porous water ice surface is covered
with molecules. This is due to a reduced sticking coefficient of
D${_2}$ molecules and a reduced binding energy. Fig.~\ref{2}
displays a comparison between the excited-D${_2}$ yields \textit{vs}
D-irradiation time of a bare np-ASW surface (red trace, case
discussed above) and of a np-ASW surface pre-dosed with molecules
(dark cyan trace). This figure clearly shows that the
excited-D${_2}$ yield in the case of a surface with D${_2}$
pre-adsorbed on the np-ASW film is much lower and a low-count
plateau is attained rapidly after the D-irradiation begins.

\subsection{D irradiation of porous ASW}

In Fig.~\ref{3} we show the results obtained during D irradiation of
a 10~ML p-ASW ice film held at 10~K. The blue trace represents the
normalized total-D${_2}$ yield \textit{vs} D exposure time. Since
the effective surface area of the porous substrate is considerably
larger than that of the non-porous substrate,
we observe a slower completion of the saturation coverage (compare
with blue curve in Fig.~\ref{1}). As we have seen in the case of the
np-ASW substrate, the excited-D${_2}$ signal (red line) is likewise
proportional to the total yield of D${_2}$ molecules until a maximum
is reached after around 1000~s of D-atom irradiation, concurrent
with a fast rise of the molecular formation efficiency (slope of the
total-D$_{2}$ yield). This is in agreement with the assumption made
earlier that, in a regime of low coverage, the number of
excited-D${_2}$ molecules is proportional to the total number of
nascent molecules. However, the peak detected in the case of p-ASW
is so small that it barely stands out from the excited-D$_{2}$
low-count plateau value that is attained right after the maximum (at
$t \approx 1200$~s). To emphasize the big difference between the
amount of ro-vibrationally excited molecules detected in the two
types of water ice substrates investigated (np- \textit{vs} p-ASW),
the excited-D$_{2}$ yield curve of the porous substrate case (red
curve) and the excited-D$_{2}$ yield curve of the non-porous surface
case (black curve) are both shown in Fig.~\ref{3}. To facilitate a
direct comparison, the red curve (porous case) was scaled by the
same factor used for normalizing the black curve (non-porous case,
Fig.~\ref{1}). From this comparison, it is clear that the
excited-D$_{2}$ yield is considerably reduced in the case of the
p-ASW substrate. This result implies that the excited nascent
molecules readily thermalize with the substrate as they form in the
pores of the p-ASW film.

\section{Discussion}\label{sectdiscuss}

\subsection{De-excitation mechanisms on the surface} \label{md}

In order to make assumptions as to what kind of mechanism causes the
drop in the excited-D$_{2}$ yield at saturation coverage at 10~K, it
is worth discussing in more detail what happens when the sample of
np-ASW is exposed to D-atoms (Fig.~\ref{1}).
We can define two main phases during the irradiation of the ASW ice
surface; (A) a transient phase comprised between D irradiation at
$t=0$ and the beginning of the saturation coverage ($t \sim 600$~s),
and (B) a steady-state regime that is established at the saturation
coverage and that goes on as long as the D irradiation is running.
In the first part of the transient phase (A), after the irradiation
begins at $t=0$, few atoms are expected to stick although those that
are adsorbed on the D$_{2}$-free surface can occupy the deeper
binding sites. This results in a long residence time that, in turn,
favours recombination. As the irradiation goes on, the change in
surface coverage affects greatly the recombination efficiency
\citep{sch76,gov05}. Molecules gradually fill up the surface and the
binding energy of adsorbed atoms decreases gradually as the
molecules saturate the stronger binding sites \citep{hix92}. Yet,
this effect is compensated for by the increase of the sticking
probability of D-atoms. The excited-D$_{2}$ peak in Fig.~\ref{1}
indicates a high recombination probability resulting from an optimum
equilibrium between the increase of the sticking efficiency and the
shortening of the residence time of D-atoms on the surface. The
surface coverage at this stage is $\sim 1.0 \times 10^{14}$
molecules cm$^{-2}$. As pointed out by \citet{gov05}, around this
molecular coverage range we observe an abrupt change in the binding
energy of atoms, in that it begins to decrease as the surface
coverage grows further. As a result, the excited-D$_{2}$ signal
begins to drop rapidly as more molecules are deposited on the
surface and this may reflect, at least in part, a decrease of the
recombination efficiency. On the other hand, a large number of
D$_{2}$ are still likely to be formed in an excited state but
promptly release their internal energy on the surface via an
efficient energy transfer that involves the favourable mass ratio
(1-to-1) between newly formed molecules and the molecules adsorbed
in the vicinity \citep{sch76}. The already-adsorbed molecules can in
turn use this energy to desorb in a low- or non-excited state via a
non-thermal desorption process. At the onset of the steady-state
phase (B), the excited-D$_{2}$ yield has already attained a
low-count plateau and stays as such in a regime of saturation of the
surface, that is to say under conditions close to those of the dense
regions of the ISM (cf. \S~\ref{ap}) and of concern to us.

In the case of p-ASW, \citet{hor03} measured the kinetic energy of
HD molecules formed on the surface and found that they fully
thermalize with the porous surface before desorbing. In this work we
show that also the internal energy of newly formed D$_{2}$ molecules
that rapidly desorb is deposited almost completely in the porous
ice. In fact, hydrogen atoms are mobile at 10~K and penetrate the
porous structure \citep{mat08}, thus nascent molecules are
re-captured several times within the pores. This explains why we do
not observe significant internal or kinetic energy in the desorbing
molecules.

Unfortunately, we are not able to give an estimate of the fraction
of the bond energy deposited in the np-ASW ice substrate. Yet,
qualitative indications are that it is greater than what predicted
by \citet{tak99} (5\% of the entire formation energy) but comparable
to a value between 40\% and 60\% found by \citet{cre06} and
\citet{yab08}. This is consistent with the findings by \citet{sch76}
and with preliminary results obtained recently by our group in an
experiment studying the effects of non-thermal desorption induced by
hydrogen recombination that will be published in a forthcoming
paper.

\subsection{Astrophysical implications} \label{ap}

Our experiments demonstrate unequivocally that two conditions
contribute to the prompt de-excitation of nascent hydrogen molecules
formed on the surface of amorphous water ice. In the first
experiment, carried out on np-ASW, nascent D$_{2}$ molecules are
promptly de-excited as the surface coverage reaches the saturation
value at 10~K. In the experiment performed on p-ASW, we found that
the excited-D$_{2}$ yield was always low and basically independent
of the surface coverage, indicating that the roughness of the
surface contributes efficiently to the relaxation of newly formed
molecules at the surface. These results are relevant to the
formation of molecular hydrogen in the ISM and provide a plausible
explanation as to why excited nascent H$_{2}$ is very difficult to
observe in quiescent dark clouds.

We can actually assess if, under interstellar conditions of interest
here, surface coverage and surface morphology are comparable to
those simulated in our experiments. To estimate the surface coverage
on interstellar dust grain we have to verify that the lifetime
$\tau$ of a molecule on the surface is comparable to the time
interval $\Delta t$ between the arrival of two molecules on a single
dust grain surface; i.e., that the arrival rate balances the
evaporation rate. Let us consider the time interval between the
impacts of two molecules on the surface of a dust grain. Typical
conditions of the dense quiescent medium are $T_\mathrm{gas} \sim
T_\mathrm{grain} = 10$~K, density $n_{\mathrm{H}_{2}} = 10^{4}$
cm$^{-3}$, and for our calculation  we can approximate the dust
grains to spheres with average radius $r_\mathrm{grain} = 0.1\,
\umu$m. Then we have

\[
\Delta t = (n_{\mathrm{H}_{2}} \, \bar{v} \, A/4)^{-1}.
\]

$\bar{v}$ is the mean velocity of the molecules and $A$ is the grain
surface accessible to the molecules in the gas phase. Under dense
cloud conditions $\Delta t$ turns out to be of $\sim 6$ hours. The
residence time $\tau$ is expressed as $\tau = 1/\nu _{0} \,
\exp{(E_\mathrm{a}/T_\mathrm{s})}$. $\nu_{0}$ is the vibration
frequency of a molecule on the surface and represents the number of
attempts per second to evaporate ($\nu_{0}=10^{13}$~s$^{-1}$).
$E_\mathrm{a}$ is the adsorption energy in units of Kelvin and
$T_\mathrm{s}$ is the surface temperature. The surface temperature
in our case is 10~K so the residence time of H$_{2}$ molecules on
the grain surface depends critically on the adsorption energy.
\citet{ami07} derived the distribution of $E_\mathrm{a}$ from
D$_{2}$ TPD spectra in a saturation regime on np-ASW at 10~K. They
found that $E_\mathrm{a}$ ranges from about 400~to 700~K (33 to
59~meV) and estimated the saturation coverage to be \mbox{$\sim 1.8
\times 10^{14}$ molecules~cm$^{-2}$}. Putting $E_\mathrm{a}=400$~K
in the expression of $\tau$ (corresponding value for the lesser
bound molecules) we find a residence time of $\sim 6.5$ hours, and
thus $\Delta t \approx \tau$. By scaling $E_\mathrm{a}$ to a lower
value suitable for H$_{2}$, presumably comprised  between 360~and
650~K \citep{vid91}, we find a minimum value for $\tau$ of around
10~minutes which does not impair the validity of our conclusion as
the fraction of weakly bound H$_{2}$ ($E_\mathrm{a} < 400$~K) does
not account for more than a few percent of the total surface
population \citep[e.g.,][]{hix92}.

The surface molecular coverage on interstellar dust grains in dark
clouds can then be estimated to be in the range \mbox{$1.5 - 2
\times 10^{14}$ molecules cm$^{-2}$}, a value consistent with
previous estimates by \citet{gov80} and \citet{buc94} and comparable
to the surface coverage we attain in our experiments. In addition,
since dust grains residing in dark clouds are covered by icy mantles
of many monolayers dominated by water ice, as in the present work,
our results are relevant to the excited newly formed H${_2}$
molecules in dark clouds. If we assume a non-porous ice substrate
covering cosmic dust grains, we have shown that the fraction of
newly formed excited H$_{2}$ molecules is considerably reduced in
the gas phase. Should the surface of dust grains in dark clouds be
covered with a porous water ice mantle, the binding energy of the
H-H reaction is released on the surface even more efficiently owing
to the pores that trap the molecules long enough so that they
de-excite inside the pores before leaving the grain.

In dark clouds both `quenching mechanisms' are at play on the
surface of dust grains, namely, a high molecular coverage is present
on the icy mantles and a surface morphology that is probably an open
porous structure. Our results are even more remarkable if we
consider that the experiments were performed on a 10~ML p-ASW ice
substrate whereas icy deposits of 100 monolayers are typically
associated with dense cloud mantles. In the light of our results,
the observational predictions made by \citet{tin03} for the H$_2$
ro-vibrational emission line intensities should be revised and the
non-detection occurred in the searches by observing dark and
quiescent cores is now explained. Furthermore, the important role
played by the high molecular coverage in the decrease of the
observable internally excited H$_2$ leads us to suggest that these
results are relevant not only to water ice substrates, but also to
other types of substrates whenever H$_2$ becomes far more abundant
than H on the grain surface.

These experiments, performed under conditions close to those
encountered in dark clouds, demonstrate that the excess energy from
hydrogen formation distributed over vibrational states flows almost
completely into the grain surface and very little, if any, H${_2}$
ro-vibrational emission becomes detectable.

\section*{Acknowledgments}

We acknowledge the support of the national PCMI programme founded by
the CNRS, the Conseil Regional d'Ile de France through SESAME
programmes (contract I-07-597R), the Conseil G\'en\'eral du Val
d'Oise and the Agence Nationale de Recherche (contract ANR
07-BLAN-0129). EC in particular thanks the ANR for a post-doctoral
grant.

\bibliographystyle{mn2e}


text:
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text:
Developments in solar still desalination systems: A critical review
George M. Ayoub, Lilian Malaeb
Water Desalination & Reuse Center
Solar still desalination uses a sustainable and pollution-free source to produce high-quality water. The main limitation is low productivity and this has been the focus of intensive research. A major concern while increasing productivity is to maintain economic feasibility and simplicity. The authors present a critical review of the research work conducted on solar stills development. Studies addressing each parameter of concern are grouped together and results compared. Novelty in design and newly introduced features are presented. Modeling efforts of flow circulation within the still and methods to estimate internal heat transfer coefficients are discussed and future research needs are outlined. © 2012 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology
Dive into the research topics of 'Developments in solar still desalination systems: A critical review'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Desalination Engineering & Materials Science 100%
desalination Earth & Environmental Sciences 91%
Productivity Engineering & Materials Science 68%
productivity Earth & Environmental Sciences 59%
Water quality Engineering & Materials Science 52%
research work Earth & Environmental Sciences 46%
Pollution Engineering & Materials Science 40%
Heat transfer coefficients Engineering & Materials Science 39%
Ayoub, G. M., & Malaeb, L. (2012). Developments in solar still desalination systems: A critical review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 42(19), 2078-2112. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2011.574104
Ayoub, George M. ; Malaeb, Lilian. / Developments in solar still desalination systems: A critical review. In: Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 2012 ; Vol. 42, No. 19. pp. 2078-2112.
@article{bd0141b9a79a43b3b1473ffc003e73eb,
title = "Developments in solar still desalination systems: A critical review",
abstract = "Solar still desalination uses a sustainable and pollution-free source to produce high-quality water. The main limitation is low productivity and this has been the focus of intensive research. A major concern while increasing productivity is to maintain economic feasibility and simplicity. The authors present a critical review of the research work conducted on solar stills development. Studies addressing each parameter of concern are grouped together and results compared. Novelty in design and newly introduced features are presented. Modeling efforts of flow circulation within the still and methods to estimate internal heat transfer coefficients are discussed and future research needs are outlined. {\textcopyright} 2012 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",
author = "Ayoub, {George M.} and Lilian Malaeb",
note = "KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2020-10-01 Acknowledgements: The authors would like to acknowledge the Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research and the Middle East Desalination Research Center, Oman, for financially supporting this work.",
journal = "Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology",
Ayoub, GM & Malaeb, L 2012, 'Developments in solar still desalination systems: A critical review', Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 42, no. 19, pp. 2078-2112. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2011.574104
Developments in solar still desalination systems: A critical review. / Ayoub, George M.; Malaeb, Lilian.
In: Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 42, No. 19, 10.2012, p. 2078-2112.
T1 - Developments in solar still desalination systems: A critical review
AU - Ayoub, George M.
AU - Malaeb, Lilian
N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2020-10-01 Acknowledgements: The authors would like to acknowledge the Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research and the Middle East Desalination Research Center, Oman, for financially supporting this work.
N2 - Solar still desalination uses a sustainable and pollution-free source to produce high-quality water. The main limitation is low productivity and this has been the focus of intensive research. A major concern while increasing productivity is to maintain economic feasibility and simplicity. The authors present a critical review of the research work conducted on solar stills development. Studies addressing each parameter of concern are grouped together and results compared. Novelty in design and newly introduced features are presented. Modeling efforts of flow circulation within the still and methods to estimate internal heat transfer coefficients are discussed and future research needs are outlined. © 2012 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
AB - Solar still desalination uses a sustainable and pollution-free source to produce high-quality water. The main limitation is low productivity and this has been the focus of intensive research. A major concern while increasing productivity is to maintain economic feasibility and simplicity. The authors present a critical review of the research work conducted on solar stills development. Studies addressing each parameter of concern are grouped together and results compared. Novelty in design and newly introduced features are presented. Modeling efforts of flow circulation within the still and methods to estimate internal heat transfer coefficients are discussed and future research needs are outlined. © 2012 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10643389.2011.574104
JO - Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology
JF - Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology
Ayoub GM, Malaeb L. Developments in solar still desalination systems: A critical review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 2012 Oct;42(19):2078-2112. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2011.574104


Joe Budden can be referred to as many things. Rapper. Culture Curator. Lover of both Drake and Tory Lanez music. Some may know him for his appearance on reality TV including Love & Hip Hop: New York and Couples Therapy, most that have been exposed to the MC know him for his honest, no holds barred opinions and thoughts.


The most recent storm-cycle deposited 27cm of light density new snow in our region by the time the snowfall ended on Tuesday evening. Moderate South and Southwesterly winds accompanied the snowfall. Widespread storm-snow instabilities were observed during the cycle with soft slabs from 10 to 50cm in depth reacting easily to ski testing producing up to size 1.5 avalanches with widespread propagation.
Rapid settlement of the storm snow has aided in the tightening of the easy shears that were observed yesterday. At the time of this writing brisk Northeasterly winds have begun to redistribute any surface layers of snow that are available for transport. You can expect to encounter new wind-slab formations on some lee slopes, most noteably to the lee of any terrain features. This new wind-slab will likely not bond very well in any areas where a solid crust was residing on the surface prior to its arrival.
The backcountry avalanche danger is currently rated as Moderate in the areas adjacent to the Whistler/Blackcomb ski area boundaries. Conditions may vary and can change rapidly particularly with any sudden warming trends and exposure to the sun.
Daily updates for these areas are available at 604-938-7676, or at www.whistler-blackcomb.com/weather where there is also a link to the CAA public avalanche bulletin.
The cold pool of arctic air has once again sagged down from the Interior overnight, while a moist unstable air mass is rapidly approaching the coast. Temperatures plummeted to —25 ° C. at the mountain tops this morning. We can expect to feel the effects of both of these weather producers to varying degrees for the next several days. The long-range forecast is currently a bit of a crapshoot.
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text:
Q: Operational monad with interpreter in arbitrary monad I'm using the operational monad by Heinrich Apfelmus.
I'd like to parameterize the interpreter with the monad for the result type.
The following version of my code compiles:
{-# LANGUAGE GADTs #-}

import Control.Monad.Operational

data EloI a where
    Display :: Int -> EloI ()

type Elo a = Program EloI a

interpret :: Monad m => (Int -> m ())
                     -> Elo a
                     -> Int
                     -> m a
interpret display = interp
  where
    interp :: Monad m => Elo a -> Int -> m a
    interp = eval . view
    eval :: Monad m => ProgramView EloI a -> Int -> m a
    eval (Display i :>>= is) s = interp (is ()) s

Now I change the last line to
eval (Display i :>>= is) s = display i >> interp (is ()) s

and type inference doesn't succeed anymore, I get the output
Could not deduce (m ~ m1) from the context (Monad m)
bound by the type signature for interpret :: Monad m => (Int -> m ()) -> Elo a -> Int -> m a
(...)
When I remove the type signature for interp, I get an additional error (could not deduce (a1 ~ a)).
When I change all m to IO (like in the tic tac toe example for the operational monad), then it compiles again.
Am I trying something that does not make sense or can I provide some hint to GHC? I have to admit I'm not sure that I need this flexibility.

A: That's because the m in the local type signatures are fresh type variables, so they promise to work with any Monad. If you use display, eval can only work for the specific monad display uses. It should work if you a) remove the local type signatures, or b) bring the type variable m into scope
{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
...
interpret :: forall m. (Int -> m ()) -> Elo a -> Int -> m a


text:
McDonald's McNuggets Contain "Silly Putty" Chemical
From CNN.com
All McDonald's nuggets are not created equal.
U.S. McNuggets not only contain more calories and fat than their British counterparts, but also chemicals not found across the Atlantic.
CNN investigated the differences after receiving a blog comment asking about them.
American McNuggets (190 calories, 12 grams of fat, 2 grams of saturated fat for 4 pieces) contain the chemical preservative tBHQ, tertiary butylhydroquinone, a petroleum-based product. They also contain dimethylpolysiloxane, "an anti-foaming agent" also used in Silly Putty.
By contrast, British McNuggets (170 calories, 9 grams of fat, 1 gram of saturated fat for 4 pieces) lists neither chemical among its ingredients.
"I would certainly choose the British nuggets over the American" says Ruth Winter, author of "A Consumer's Dictionary of Food Additives."
McDonald's says the differences are based on the local tastes: In the United States, McNuggets are coated and then cooked, in the United Kingdom, they are cooked and then coated. As a result, the British McNuggets absorb less oil and have less fat.
"You would find that if you looked at any of our core food items. You'd see little, regional differences," says Lisa McComb, who handles global media relations for McDonald's, which has more than 32,000 restaurants in 117 countries. "We do taste testing of all our food items on an ongoing basis."
One apparent difference is only a matter of labeling, according to McComb. U.K. McNuggets list ground celery and pepper, which are labeled simply as "spices" in the United States, she says.
Marion Nestle, a New York University professor and author of "What to Eat," says the tertiary butylhydroquinone and dimethylpolysiloxane in the McNuggets probably pose no health risks. As a general rule, though, she advocates not eating any food with an ingredient you can't pronounce.
Dimethylpolysiloxane is used as a matter of safety to keep the oil from foaming, McComb says. The chemical is a form of silicone also used in cosmetics and Silly Putty. A review of animal studies by The World Health Organization found no adverse health effects associated with dimethylpolysiloxane.
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