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Q: I cannot pull objects from database anymore i am new to python & django. i tried to make a blog (bootstrap template) and the first 4 pages are working with the database and models that i've created. but for the 5th page i somehow cannot pull any data from the objects that i've made in de admin page of django.
i deleted the migrations and redo them several times. even flushed the database and cache. it seems like my models are capable just to 4 classes and not more
this is my overmij.html where i tried to pull data (in this case some content from the admin) like the previous pages and it doesn't work.
overmij.html (doesn't show any content)

overmij

{{info.content}}

exercise.html

                    {% for exercise in exercises %}

                            {{exercise.title}}

Posted by
                       XXX
                        {{exercise.published}}

                    {% endfor %}

                    ← Go to Articles

ex_details.html
`

                    {{exercise.title}}

Posted by
                   XXX
                    {{exercise.published}}

                {{exercise.content}}

`
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
from django.http import HttpResponse
from .models import Article, Exercise
from .models import Overmij

def index(request):
     return render(request, 'web_app/index.html',{"articles":Article.objects.all})

def detail(request, article_id):
        article_detail = get_object_or_404(Article, pk=article_id)
        return render(request, 'web_app/article.html', {'article':article_detail})

def exercise(request):
    return render(request, 'web_app/exercise.html', {"exercises":Exercise.objects.all})

def ex_details(request, exercise_id):
        exercise_detail = get_object_or_404(Exercise, pk=exercise_id)
        return render(request, 'web_app/ex_details.html', {'exercise':exercise_detail})

def overmij(request):
     return render(request, 'web_app/overmij.html',{'info':Overmij.objects.all})

def web_app_list(request):
     return render(request=request,
            template_name="web_app/web_app_list.html",
            context={"web_app":Article.objects.all})

my urls.py
from django.urls import path, include
from . import views
from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static

app_name = 'web_app'
urlpatterns = [
    path('list',views.web_app_list, name='list'),
    path('index',views.index, name='index'),
    path('article/<int:article_id>',views.detail, name='detail'),
    path('exercise',views.exercise, name='exercise'),
    path('exercise_details/<int:exercise_id>',views.ex_details, name='exercise_detail'),
    path('overmij',views.overmij, name='overmij'),
]

if settings.DEBUG:
    urlpatterns += static(settings.STATIC_URL, document_root=settings.STATIC_ROOT)
    urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

models.py
from django.db import models
from datetime import datetime
# Create your models here.

class Article(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    content = models.TextField()
    published = models.DateTimeField("date published", default= datetime.now())
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='images/', default="")

class Exercise(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    content = models.TextField()
    published = models.DateTimeField("date published", default= datetime.now())
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='images/', default="")

class Overmij(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    content = models.TextField()
    published = models.DateTimeField("date published", default= datetime.now())
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='images/', default="")

def __str__(self):
        return self.title

admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Article, Exercise, Overmij
from django.db import models
# Register your models here.

class Web_appAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    # field are the names of the colums in the models.py
   # fields = ["title","published","content"]

                # to split it

            fieldsets = [
                ("Title/date", {"fields":["title","published"]}),
                ("Content", {"fields":["content", "image"]})
            ]
admin.site.register(Article, Web_appAdmin),
admin.site.register(Exercise, Web_appAdmin),
admin.site.register(Overmij, Web_appAdmin),

settings.py
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'web_app',
 ]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'sampleapp.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': ['/Users/AdamDawdi/djangoApps/sampleapp/web_app/templates/web_app'],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'sampleapp.wsgi.application'

# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}

# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "web_app/static"),

]
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(BASE_DIR), "static_cdn")

MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = BASE_DIR
```

A: Like with the exercise view, your overmij view returns a queryset of all elements in the db. But in your exercise template, you iterate over the queryset to display the elements of each exercise; you don't do that with the overmij template. If you want to display the content field from each Overmij object, you need to iterate in the template.
{% for overmij in info %}
  {{overmij.content}}
{% endfor %}


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Q: AS3 How to check if BitmapData is empty I have a code to erase a masked movieclip. (credits here)
I would like to know how I can check if the whole movieclip is been erased.
So I thought I had to check if the BitmapData is empty, but I could be terribly wrong!
How can I check if every pixel of the movieclip has been erased?
Of course my example below is wrong, but I think it has to be something like that.
if (erasableBitmapData = empty)
    {
    trace("empty")
    }

    var lineSize:Number=40;
    var doDraw:Boolean=false;
    var resumeDrawing:Boolean=false;

    var erasableBitmapData:BitmapData = new BitmapData(700, 500, true, 0xFFFFFFFF);
    var erasableBitmap:Bitmap = new Bitmap(erasableBitmapData);
    erasableBitmap.cacheAsBitmap = true;
    addChild(erasableBitmap);

    maskee.cacheAsBitmap = true;
    maskee.mask = erasableBitmap;

    var eraserClip:Sprite = new Sprite();
    initEraser();
    function initEraser():void {
        eraserClip.graphics.lineStyle(lineSize,0xff0000);
        eraserClip.graphics.moveTo(stage.mouseX,stage.mouseY);
    }

    var drawnBitmapData:BitmapData = new BitmapData(700, 500, true, 0x00000000);
    var drawnBitmap:Bitmap = new Bitmap(drawnBitmapData);

    stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_MOVE,maskMove);
    stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.ROLL_OUT, maskOut);
    stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.ROLL_OVER,maskOver);
    stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN,startDrawing);
    stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_UP,stopDrawing);

    function startDrawing(e:MouseEvent):void {
        eraserClip.graphics.moveTo(stage.mouseX,stage.mouseY);
        doDraw=true;
    }

    function stopDrawing(e:MouseEvent):void {
        doDraw=false;
        resumeDrawing = false;
    }

    function maskOut(e:Event):void {
        if (doDraw){
            resumeDrawing = true;
        }
    }

    function maskOver(e:MouseEvent):void {
        if (resumeDrawing){
            resumeDrawing = false;
            eraserClip.graphics.moveTo(stage.mouseX,stage.mouseY);
        }
    }

    function maskMove(e:MouseEvent):void {
        if (doDraw && !resumeDrawing){
            eraserClip.graphics.lineTo(stage.mouseX,stage.mouseY);
            drawnBitmapData.fillRect(drawnBitmapData.rect, 0x00000000);
            drawnBitmapData.draw(eraserClip , new Matrix(), null, BlendMode.NORMAL);
            erasableBitmapData.fillRect(erasableBitmapData.rect, 0xFFFFFFFF);
            erasableBitmapData.draw(drawnBitmap, new Matrix(), null, BlendMode.ERASE);
        }
            e.updateAfterEvent();
    }

    reset_btn.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK,reset);

    function reset(e:Event):void {
        eraserClip.graphics.clear();
        initEraser();
        erasableBitmapData.fillRect(erasableBitmapData.rect, 0xFFFFFFFF);
    }

A: You can check if getColorBoundsRect returns an rectangle with an width and height of 0 for the colour you consider as 'empty', setting the findColor argument to false. There are other ways to do this, but this is at least many times faster than checking every single pixel.
The default value of true for the findColor argument gives you an rectangle that encloses all pixels for those (pixelColor & mask) == emptyColor is true. When dealing with alpha values, a mask of 0xFF000000 can be used to ignore rbg values of a pixel and to only check its alpha value. So the mask 0xFF000000 and the colour 0xFF000000 would match all fully opaque pixels, while the mask 0xFF000000 and the colour 0x00000000 would match all fully transparent pixels. As meddlingwithfire pointed out, this won't do the job here. By setting findColor to false, this process is kind of reversed so that the rectangle will enclose all pixels that are not using the empty colour. For bitmaps containing no other colours, the result will be a rectangle with an area of 0.
var maskColor:uint = 0xFF000000;
var emptyColor:uint = 0x00000000;
var bounds:Rectangle = erasableBitmapData.getColorBoundsRect(maskColor, emptyColor, false);
if (bounds.width == 0 && bounds.height == 0){
    trace("empty"); // no visible pixels
}

Technically there is a difference between a black transparent pixel 0x00000000 and for example a red transparent pixel 0x00FF0000 - but there is no visible difference (both are invisible) so you should ignore the rgb values completely, as I did in the example by using that particular mask.

A: Create a baseline "empty" BitmapData instance.  Use that BitmapData's compare method, passing in your "potentially empty" BitmapData.  You'll get a new BitmapData reference that has the pixel differences between the two.  Using that new BitmapData reference, you can access the histogram method to get a list of all the counts for every channel.  If the empty BitmapData instance and the "potentially empty" BitmapData instance are exactly the same, then your histogram channel will have the total number of pixels in your BitmapData as the count in the zero index of each channel (since the BitmapData difference in the case of equal data would be filled with 0x00000000 pixels).
Should be relatively quick too, as you can rely on the AS engine to look at each pixel as opposed to having to manually call the expensive getPixel() method.
Using the color bounds approach can lead to false-positives.  If your bitmaps are the same in the upper-left and lower-left positions then your color bounds rect will encompass the entire area, even though all of the pixels in-between could be completely different.

A: The BitmapData.compare(BitmapData) function returns either a new BitmapData containing the difference between the the calling two BitmapDatas, or if the BitmapData objects are equivalent (with the same width, height, and identical pixel values), the method returns the number 0. Meaning you could use the following to check if a DisplayObject contains graphics
var eraseableBitmapData:BitmapData = new BitmapData(264,864,true,0xFFFFFFFF);
//initialise the eraseableBitmapData
eraseableBitmapData.draw(someDisplayOject)
//draw your object's bitmap data

var emptyBitmapData:BitmapData = new BitmapData(264,864,true,0xFFFFFFFF);
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Operator of the world's largest integrated automobile manufacturing unit, the Hyundai Motor Company manufactures 1.6 million cars in a year in the Ulsan factory based in Seoul, South Korea. Hyundai's ix35 has been certified with LCA (ISO 14040) and DfE (14062) certification which ensures the environmental-friendly characteristics of the car as well as the manufacturing process. The Ulsan factory houses cutting-edge technology that ensures minimal environmental impact during the production as well as the waste-management process. This factory was certified with ISO 14001 for environmental management. Hyundai is also recognized for being one of the best automakers in the world and most fuel-efficient automobile makers in America.
Kia Motors and Genesis Motors along with Hyundai Motor Company are the constituents of the Hyundai Motor Group. Hyundai Motor Company owns 38.2% of Kia Motors and fully owns the luxury vehicle manufacturer Genesis Motors. Hyundai also owns 10.5% of Daimler Chrysler, Daimler-Hyundai Truck corporation is a result of this connection. Hyundai vehicles are sold through 5000 dealerships in 193 countries around the world. This motor giant has research and manufacturing centers in China, Czech Republic, India, North America, Pacific Rim and Turkey.
For Hyundai Motors, safety, design an innovation has always been the way for the future. Smart Traffic Jam Assist, Interactive Voice Recognition, Night View are some of the smart technologies the company has been working on. The company is working on electric all-wheel drive systems and ideal weight distribution on the car's body along with other additional features that will help Hyundai enhance the car's performance in the coming years. The group has also been focusing on developing eco-friendly solutions to promote sustainable growth of the company as well as keeping in mind the impact Hyundai has in the environment.
Hyundai Motors has plans to invest in Research and Development to lead the market in terms of technological innovation. On- going efforts to improve sales and services experience for the customers and development of products that are to be launched in the future are the reasons Hyundai believes will strengthen the brand. In addition to this, Hyundai will continue to develop more stringent quality verification systems at the pro-production and Research and Development processes. They have plans to improve the manufacturing process by working effectively and efficiently with the labor union.
Hyundai has come up with a new vision for the company which says "Together for a better future". Hyundai has been leading in terms of social campaigns around the world proving it's commitment towards its credo. As a part of the company's Corporate Social Responsibility, Hyundai has been organizing programs in six different sectors. Through Dream Moves, the company supports young people and their startups, Easy Moves was created to help disable people with mobility, and Green Move is an initiative taken to save the environment. Populating the grassland of Zhenglan Qi, China with native flora is a project under Green Move.
• In the year 1986, Hyundai sold over 168,800 cars. This year the company set record for the most automobile sold in a year.
• Operator of the world's largest integrated automobile manufacturing unit, the Hyundai Motor Company manufactures 1.6 million cars in a year in the Ulsan factory based in Seoul, South Korea.
• Hyundai is also recognized for being one of the best automakers in the world and most fuel-efficient automobile makers in America.
• Hyundai vehicles are sold through 5000 dealerships in 193 countries around the world.


If you are addicted to adrenalin and adventure, there is a day of excitement that you simply must experience. You will make your way down the waterfalls, with professional guides beside you every step of the way. The action never stops, as you hike, slide, swim, and rappel your way down the falls, and all without any experience required.
Simply put, canyoning involves navigating your way through a canyon uses various adventure techniques. In this particular canyon you will weave your way through thundering waterfalls. There will be areas where you will have to rope up to navigate the rugged landscape. Other area will test your hiking and swimming skills.
Before you tackle the main canyon you will get to try your hand at tying knots, rapelling, and working with a harness on the practice slope. Your guide will work with you to ensure that you learn the basics before you try your first rappel. It's a thrilling 15 meter drop to the river that sits below. The surrounding area is stunning, with a beautiful waterfall as the backdrop. Once you leave the practice area behind and head deeper into the canyon, you will arrive at a natural water slide. This is where you get to have a little bit of fun before moving on to the next part of your journey.
You will be led along a gently undulating trail, with the jungle ever present along the hills that sit alongside the path. This route runs parallel to the river, but you will have to descend to its banks to continue moving forward.
Food & Water – You will be provided with purified drinking water and a snack. Please give 24 hours' notice if you have special dietary needs.
What to Pack – Sunscreen and repellent are a must, as are a hat, swimming attire, a camera, and water shoes/sports sandals.
What is provided – A professionally trained guide who speaks English, all essential permits, snack and drinking water, first aid kit, transportation, and top of the line rapelling equipment. All of our equipment is available for inspection, and you can rest assured that it meets or exceeds the highest safety standards.
What is NOT Provided – We recommend that you come with personal major medical insurance that includes evacuation coverage, as it is NOT provided.


5 Times More Effective at working the muscle than conventional weight lifting. That means you would have to spend 30 to 35 minutes at the gym to get a comparable workout! Shapely Secrets can sculpt your entire body in only 7 minutes a day.
at the same time. The net result is that Shapely Secrets works your muscles 5 times more efficiently than lifting weights. That's why it only takes 7 minutes rather than 30 to 35 minutes."


Peatlands are perhaps the world's most critical carbon stores and are typically saturated with water, but become prone to fire when cleared and drained for industrial scale plantations for palm oil and pulp and paper.
Protecting Indonesia's carbon rich peatlands is key to reducing the chance of fires responsible for the Haze Wave, but there is still no legal protection of all peatland and forests.
New mapping analysis from Greenpeace shows that fires are five times more likely to occur on peatland, while 75% of peat fires are located in Riau province alone, close to urban centres such as Singapore.
"How President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono deals with this emerging global threat and public health emergency will define his green legacy. Industrial plantation companies are turning parts of Sumatra into a giant tinderbox. Will he take urgent action to strengthen laws that protect all forest and peatland before his term is up, or will he see his legacy go up in smoke?" asked Yuyun Indradi, forest campaigner at Greenpeace Southeast Asia.
Modelling from researchers in 2012 attributes an average of 110,000 deaths a year in the region to peat and forest fires, primarily associated with long-term seasonal exposure to smoke particles. This increases to nearly 300,000 deaths during an El Niño year. The fires are also responsible for destroying people's livelihoods.
"Before when the forest was still intact, the soil could conserve water and protect the peat. Now the fires burn much deeper, and much faster. When the fire came, my three children and I tried to extinguish it [but] we lost everything," said Laskar Harianja, a villager whose farm burnt down, in Greenpeace's short documentary released today called 'Forest Fire Families'.
Greenpeace's analysis shows that fire hotspots in 2013 were 3.5 times more frequent on deforested peat as of 2011 than on peat that remained forested. The province of Riau, home to a significant portion of Indonesia's plantation sector, accounts for just 5% of Indonesia's land area, but 40% of all fires hotspots and nearly three-quarters of all fire hotspots on peat.
Even President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's (SBY) moratorium on clearing primary forests and peatlands, where 30% of fire hotspots occurred, has not prevented the fires.
"SBY is keen to tout a "green" economic transition, and the moratorium was a step in the right direction, but little has been done since. We urge SBY to issue a strong regulation that protects all peatlands before his term is up, and help diffuse what is quickly becoming a carbon time bomb," said Yuyun.
Companies including Colgate-Palmolive, Nestle, plantation companies GAR and APP, Wilmar International and more recently P&G have pledged to eliminate forest destruction from their supply chains following global pressure and campaigning from Greenpeace. Greenpeace urges other companies like IOI, KLK, Musim Mas and APRIL/RGE Group to commit to No Deforestation.
Head over to Greenpeace for more links and info on this important issue.
Interesting article, but the article seems to imply that these fires start by accident. From my experience in South East Asia, (since the government does not collect garden waste there) people deliberately make fires in their yards and farms in order to get rid of dead vegetation (leaves, grass, and crops) that of course grow by copious amounts in the tropical climate and needs to be cut regularly. It is a huge problem that destroys air quality. It is then easy for these home made fires to hop across to forests and so forth. The problem is so bad in Indonesia that the haze blows across to Malaysia as well and affects them too.


For the first time, a new study reports that consumption of Montmorency tart cherries caused changes in uric acid metabolism, which can have an impact on joint pain.
LANSING, Mich. October 1, 2014 –Tart cherries have long been researched for their association with pain relief – ranging from gout and arthritis joint pain to exercise-related muscle pain. A new study published in the Journal of Functional Foods 1 is the first to report consumption of Montmorency tart cherries caused changes in uric acid metabolism, which can have an impact on joint pain. The study also detected increases in specific anthocyanin compounds in the bloodstream after consuming Montmorency tart cherries.
In the study, Montmorency tart cherry juice reduced blood levels of uric acid and C-reactive protein, a measure of inflammation. High levels of uric acid are linked to gout, a form of arthritis that can cause severe attacks of intense pain and swelling (inflammation) in various joints, including the big toe and other joints in the legs and arms.
A research team led by Dr. Glyn Howatson with PhD student Phillip Bell in the Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation at Northumbria University in the U.K. gave 12 healthy participants (average age 26 years) two doses of Montmorency tart cherry juice concentrate: about 1 ounce (30 ml) of the juice concentrate mixed with 100 ml of water (equivalent to 90 whole Montmorency tart cherries) or 2 ounces (60 ml) of juice concentrate mixed with 100 ml of water.
The researchers used a single blind, two-phase, randomized, cross-over design to identify the bioavailability of anthocyanins following the consumption of these two different doses. There was a washout period of at least 10 days between the phases. Each phase was comprised of two days drinking the Montmorency tart cherry juice concentrate twice a day – in the morning and just before dinner.
The researchers collected blood and urine samples from the participants immediately before and at numerous intervals for 48 hours after the Montmorency tart cherry juice was consumed. The results supported the researchers' hypothesis: blood levels of uric acid and C-reactive protein were reduced and urinary uric acid was increased following both doses of the Montmorency tart cherry juice. The magnitude of the change was independent of the dose given; that is, the 30 ml of the juice was just as effective as 60 ml.
A second study newly published in the Journal of Functional Food 3 conducted by Dr. E. Mitchell Seymour and Dr. Sara M. Warber from the University of Michigan found that the antioxidant capacity in the blood was elevated after eating whole frozen Montmorency tart cherries (45 or 90 cherries), and remained elevated even 12-hours after eating the 90 cherries. Similar to the Howatson team in the U.K., they also observed Montmorency tart cherry anthocyanin metabolites in the blood and urine with both doses of the whole Montmorency tart cherries.
Montmorency tart cherries are available year-round in dried, frozen and juice forms –including juice concentrate, which was the form used in the U.K. study. Montmorency tart cherry juice concentrate can be mixed with water or other juices. It can also be consumed straight from the bottle or used as an ingredient in recipes, including smoothies and other beverages.
The Cherry Marketing Institute, a not-for-profit organization, provided financial support for the U.K. analysis of anthocyanins and high sensitivity C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation. All other elements of the study were funded by Northumbria University, U.K. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. The Seymour et al. study was supported by an unrestricted grant from the Cherry Marketing Institute and the University of Michigan Clinical Research Unit of the Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research from the U.S. National Institutes of Health.
For more information on the growing body of research on Montmorency tart cherries, visit www.choosecherries.com.


Oberon recently saw the release of 10,000 Rainbow Trout fry into Lake Oberon and surrounding streams. Oberon continues to be a haven for fishing and our thanks to NSW Department of Primary Industries for the delivery of the fish. We hope to see the fry prosper in the years to come.


HomeBridgeman Art LibraryRousseau, Henri J.F.
Enjoy an amazing custom made Henri J.F. Rousseau wall mural in your home or place or work. Our Rousseau wallpaper murals are easy to install and available in a range of different materials to suit your décor plans. Simply enter your desired dimensions to view your made to measure mural price.


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Washington State Rethinking Solitary
January 14, 2013 in Press | Tags: AdSeg, Bettina Hansen, Clallam Bay, Monroe, Solitary confinement, the hole, WA, WA State, Washington | by petebrook | 1 comment
The Seattle Times reports some enlightened thinking at the WA DOC:
Washington state is at the forefront of a national re-examination. Instead of facing nothing but forced solitude, Washington inmates in solitary units — called Intensive Management Units, or IMUs — are increasingly being let out for hours to attend classes, see counselors or hit the gym.
It is a clear move to the left in prison management, but one that Washington prison managers say is rooted in data. More emphasis on rehabilitation appears to calm behavior in the prison, and cuts violent recidivism on the streets, experts say. It is also a cost-saver: Solitary confinement costs about three times as much as keeping a prisoner in general custody.
Let us hope other states follow the example.
Photo by Bettina Hansen/Seattle Times. Caption: Earnest Collins says he's open to change after fights twice landed him in the Intensive Management Unit at Clallam Bay. "If you're not mentally strong, it'll drive you crazy," said Collins. "You hear a lot of crazy things in IMU."
Visions From Solitary: Prisoners' Imaginations Made Real By Activists' Photographs
November 19, 2012 in Activist Art, Amateur, Fine Art, Visual Feeds, Words | Tags: AdSeg, Chicago, Illinois, Photo project, Solitary confinement, Tamms Supermax, Tamms Year Ten | by petebrook | 12 comments
Request: "I would like to see the downtown Chicago or the lake of Chicago it will bring me happiness to see a real nice picture of the downtown. Please! A good place to eat! Nice cars! I been locked up for 17 long years!"
Last week, I asked Where Are All The Photographs Of Solitary Confinement? In terms of evidential imagery, the question still stands. A very different but equally interesting angle to take in the inquiry into images from within solitary is to consider the imagined and idealised images that persist within the minds of prisoners.
FROM LOCKED DOWN MINDS TO TANGIBLE PRINTS
Tamms Year Ten (TY10), a Chicago-based activist group campaigning to close down the controversial Tamms Supemax in Illinois, is not only finding out what the precious images are in the minds of men in solitary, they are going out into the world and making those images a reality – making files, prints to be mailed to each man, and prints for awareness-raising exhibitions.
TY10 asked scores of men in solitary, "If you could have one picture, what would it be?" The requests can be anything in worlds real or imagined. Once made, the images are opportunities for prisoners to see what they want to, what they used to, or perhaps what they may never see again.
Tamms prisoners never leave their cells except to shower or exercise alone in a concrete pen. Meals are pushed through a slot in the cell door. There are no jobs, communal activities or contact visits. Suicide attempts, self-mutilation, psychosis and serious mental disorders are common at Tamms, and are an expected consequence of long-term isolation.
The U.N. Committee Against Torture considers such conditions to be cruel, inhuman and degrading, and when the isolation is indefinite – as at Tamms – to be form of torture. Last year, the U.N. Special Rapporteur on torture Juan E. Méndez called for a global ban on solitary confinement in excess of 15 days.
This year, Governor Pat Quinn announced his plans to shut down the prison but closure has been halted because of lawsuits by the prison guards' union, AFSCME.
FRAMEWORK FOR CONSIDERING THESE IMAGES
Below are a selection of the requests and resulting images. They are a hodge-podge collection of styles and approaches and clearly many of the images do not meet the standards of fine art aesthetics. But, those standards are not by which these images should be judged.
The images originate from the minds of men who exist in environments of severe sensory deprivation. Each image is conjured from the absence of imagery.
Process trumps product in the TY10 Photo Requests From Solitary project. These images connect and educate people across supermax divides – the most opaque divides of prison regulation. The Photos From Solitary Project – one of the many TY10 efforts to engage the public on the issue of cruel and unusual detention – was conceived of to capture the eyes and ears of people and draw them in to protest and resistance.
The processes in making these images buttress, and spread, committed social justice activism; that is their worth.
Active in the project are artists and photographers Greg Ruffing, Oli Rodriguez, Jeanine Oleson, Rachel Herman, Claire Pentecost, Colleen Plumb, Tracy Sefcik, Harry Bos, Chris Murphy, Billy Dee, Lindsay Blair Brown, Karen Rodriguez, Sue Coe, Danny Orendorff, Lloyd Degrane and others.
Requests remain open and you can get involved too. Contact tammsyearten@gmail.com
Request: "If you please, send me photographs of laser-printed image on white paper or the 10 most-dangerous land animals in the world. If you do not find it onerous and unreasonable, send me pictures of the land animals too, with a description of each animal."
Photo montage by Mark Cooley; research and text by Stephen F. Eisenman.
Request: "I want a photo of the whole block of 63rd and Marshfield, on the south-side in the Englewood community – the 6300 block of south Marshfield is where I'm from. I would like it taken in the day time, between two and four o'clock p.m. It's a green and white duplex-like house – the only green and while house on the block – that my Auntie "Gibby" lives in. I want the picture taken from the sidewalk (that leads to the T-shape alley going towards Ashland and 63rd) in front of the alley, facing slightly towards 64th Marshfield. But, make sure majority of the west-side of the block gets pictured."
Request: "I would like my own picture done with an alternate background from the IDOC picture. I have no pictures of myself to give my friends and family. This would mean a great deal to me. If this is not able to be done. Then I'll leave the picture for you to decide. If you can place my picture on another background. Nothing too much please. Something simple like a blue sky with clouds or a sunset in the distance would be fine."
Request: "I would like to see a picture of a beach with the clearest water, and palm trees and birds with colorful plume, and maybe with the sun setting low on the horizon. The only instruction I have would be for you to create this photo with imagination and serenity."
Request: "It'll be great to get a picture of the chicago skyline at night, with all the big buildings (Willis Tower, etc) and lakefront. really I would just like pictures of the city, the x-mas tree down town, mag-mile, Mill park the places people come to chicago to see. Hey, you're the photographer, just do what you do!"
Request: "Jennifer Lopez music videos with her ex Ben Affleck on the boat with her butt showing. I will like to see her butt."
Request: "I would love a photograph of a woman setting by a lake fishing, with an empty chair next to her, with a cooler of beer. And in the empty chair have a sign with FreeBird on it! And have a Harley Davidson motorcycle in the background! I'd prefer the photographer take the photo from a boat out in the lake! Also, I'd prefer a woman that's over 40!"
Request: "At 66 yrs. of age I try to use a little humor. I want a picture of a trash-can with the lid half off, with two eyes peeking out of the half-open lid. The trash can is rolling down the hill toward an incinerator with the caption: 'I seem to be picking up speed I must be headed towards a bright future.' I was in Florence, CO. So if you could get a picture of me in the Feds and in the state Max joints you could caption both: 'From Max to Max and no end in sight'."
Request: "A lovesick clown, holding a old fashioned feathered pen, as if writing a letter. From the waist up, in black and white. As close up as possible with as much detail as possible, and with the face about four inches big."
Request: "I would like this picture drawn my ID as is. Don't add a thing. Just the face will do. Thank you for this blessing. I don't have any pictures of myself; they all were confiscated, years back, when I was at Pontiac. So I would like to know if you could get a picture of me off the internet or the ID photo that I believe you have. Don't worry I still don't smile or laugh it's been years since I smiled, but thanks to your offer I will be smiling if I get the picture your offering. I believe you could get my mug shot off the internet. The picture is to be sent to my mother in Puerto Rico."
Request: "Cast of the Kidd Kraddick in the Morning Show: Kelly Rasberry; Big Al Mack; Jenna; Psycho Shannon; Kidd Kraddick; JS." [This is the cast of the radio show he listens to every day. He has been in isolation for 12 years.]
Request: "A picture of the stone archway in the back of the yard's neighborhood located at 40th and Exchange St; between Halsted and Racine Streets on the South Side. It's the last remaining thing from the Union Stockyards. I used to climb up on this structure as a kid; a few angle's of it taken from different directions. I am not limited to any photo amounts."
Request: "I would like a photograph of Madison and Ashland looking West towards the United Center, and if you could, I would like a full frontal view of the Michael Jordan statue in front of the United Center. THANK YOU!"
Request: "A photo of my deceased mother standing in front of a mansion, or big castle with a bunch of money on the ground and a black Hummer parked in front of it. I truly appreciate this a lot. I have been trying to get a picture of this, for a long time now. Please send the picture back when you are finished. We can't receive Polaroids, just regular pictures that is 15 pictures, but 10 per envelope. I'm sending you two poems I wrote. I would truly appreciate it a lot from you helping me out, especially as I don't have nobody out there. Now I know somebody out there in the world cares about us in here."
Request: "I would like to receive a photograph of a "8×10″ Puerto Rican Flag. Thank you in advance! This could be taken in the Humboldt Park neighborhood in Chicago."
Request: "I would like a picture of downtown Waukegan, IL located in Lake County, IL. The best place to photograph would be Genesse St."
Request: "Photographs of Tamms Year Ten – that is, if they are not prohibited. :< I'd just like to be able to put the faces to the names we've seen over the years so the humanity of each can shine forth – a name on paper at the end of the day is still just a name on paper!"
Request: "The Bald Knob Cross in the Southern area of Illinois with someone of the Christian faith going there praying for me with the Grand Cross in the picture praying that I am released from Tamms and that I make parole. I've been locked up 36 long years, and time in Tamms is hindering my chances of making parole. I am asking for intercession prayers for my release from Tamms by this personal Bald Knob Cross and the chain will cause my family and others to go there too. Be sure to include the Bald Knob Cross in the picture and to pray for my release from Tamms and to make parole. My family and church will also finish linking the chain of this event. Persistently offering prayers combined with solemn earnest efforts and devoted work to change things. God + Tamms Year Ten + dynamic team!"
TY10 note: We coordinated with the management at Bald Knob Cross, gathered his family members and others, drove six hours to Bald Knob Cross and held a beautiful litany with prayer, song and verse and every family member speaking. The next day we took family members to visit Tamms. Willie was transferred from Tamms the day before the prayer vigil! This summer – after 37 years in prison – he got parole. Willie was put on a Greyhound bus and was back in Chicago the next day. We had a Welcome Home party for him and he talked about this photograph.
Request: "A photograph within a photo of me + the lake front. A photograph within a photo of me + Navy Pier. A photograph within a photo of me + wild lions. A photograph within a photo of me + wild wolves. A photograph within a photo of me + Chinese Dragon. For next Christmas mailing of cards. Please place me in the right, upper corner of the photo within a photo and make copies of them 5 each. Thank you very much and many blessings. Get my photo off the Tamms, prison profile website."
Request: "A photo of the Christmas tree downtown."
Request: "I don't know if this like an artist drawing a picture if so I got into the whole superhero thing and I had this idea where two major comic Marvel/DC. It's a mural with Thor, Captain America, Wolverine, Venom, Iron Man, Hulk teamed up with Superman, Green Arrow, Flash, and Batman against Two Face, Joker, Magneto, Dr Doom, Saber Tooth, Kingpin, and Green Goblin. A battle of good-vs-evil theme."
Request: "I would like to receive an image laser-printed on regular white paper photograph a myself off the internet without my criminal convictions or other information attached to the photo. I would like the three photographs I am sending to you copied onto digital paper that can be used in a computer enhancement. If someone can do this for me, I will appreciate it very much and thank you. If you can not do it send my photos back, please. "
TY10 Note: We completed this one and the IDOC censored it and returned it to us.
Request: "I would like a photographer to capture the image of a little boy and girl, sitting side by side, on a piano bench, the two of them playing together, with a single bright red rose on the piano keys. If possible, make sure the kids are anywhere from 3-7 years old, dressed in sunday best. It shall be a romantic photo, which I hope to give to my wife. 8×10 copy of the completed photo."
TAMMS YEAR TEN & PHOTO REQUESTS FROM SOLITARY
The exhibition Photo Requests From Solitary is on show until the 21st December, at the Tamms Year Ten Campaign Office, Sullivan Galleries, School of the Art Institute of Chicago, 33 S. State St., 7th Floor, Chicago IL 60603.
The Tamms Year Ten Photos Requests From Solitary is supported by an Open Society Documentary Photography Audience Engagement Grant. In partnership with the National Religious Campaign Against Torture, the project is to expand to supermaxes in California and Virginia.
Tamms Year Ten is a grassroots coalition formed in 2008 to persuade Illinois legislators and the governor to reform or close Tamms supermax prison. Follow them on Facebook.
Where Are All The Photographs Of Solitary Confinement?
November 12, 2012 in Fine Art, Institutional, Opinion, Photography, Press, Visual Feeds | Tags: administrative segregation, AdSeg, James Ridgeway, Lucy Nicholson, media tours, Pelican Bay, Press, Rich Pedroncelli Richard Ross, Shane Bauer, SHU, Solitary confinement, Solitary Watch, Stefan Ruiz, the box, the hole | by petebrook | 31 comments
Isolation exercise yard, Security Housing Unit, Pelican Bay, Crescent City, California, a supermax-type control, high security facility said to house California's most dangerous prisoners. © Richard Ross
Solitary confinement is in the news … for lots of reasons – a lawsuit brought by prisoners against the Federal Bureau of Prisons; a lawsuit brought by 10 prisoners in solitary against the state of California; a June Senate hearing on the psychological and human rights implications of solitary confinement in U.S. prisons (which included the fabrication of a replica sized AdSeg cell in the courtroom); an ACLU report pegging solitary as human rights abuse; a NYCLU report showing arbitrary use of solitary, a NYT Op-Ed by Lisa Guenther; the rising use of solitary at immigration detention centres; and the United Nations' announcement that solitary is torture.
Recently, journalists from across America have contacted me looking for photographs of solitary confinement to accompany their article. I could only think of three photographers – one of whom wishes to remain anonymous; another, Stefan Ruiz is not releasing his images yet; which leaves Richard Ross' work which is well known.
Stefan Ruiz' photographs of Pelican Bay State Prison, CA made in 1995 for use as court evidence. (See full Prison Photography interview with Ruiz here.)
With a seeming paucity, I went in search of other images. I found an image of a "therapy session" by Lucy Nicholson from her Reuters photo essay Inside San Quentin. A scene that has been taken to task by psychologist and political image blogger Michael Shaw.
Shane Bauer took a camera inside Pelican Bay for his recent Mother Jones report on solitary confinement.
Rich Pedroncelli for the San Francisco Chronicle.
Pelican Bay has been hosting media tours and welcoming journalists in the past year – partly due to public pressure and partly through a strategic shift by the CDCR to appear to be responding to public outcry. Maybe the courts have had a say, too?
© Lucy Nicholson / Reuters. Prisoners of San Quentin's AdSeg unit in group therapy. (Source)
© Shane Bauer. Pelican Bay SHU cell. (Source)
© Shane Bauer. CA CDCR employees show investigative journalist Shane Bauer the Pelcian Bay SHU "Dog run." (Source)
Correctional Officer Lt. Christopher Acosta is seen in the exercise area in the Secure Housing Unit at the Pelican Bay State Prison near Crescent City, Calif., Wednesday, Aug. 17, 2011. State prison officials allowed the media to tour Pelican' Bay's secure housing unit, known as the SHU, where inmates are isolated for 22 1/2 hours a day in windowless, soundproofed cells to counter allegations of mistreatment made during an inmate hunger strike last month. Photo: Rich Pedroncelli, AP/SF (Source)
The amount of visual evidence still seems limited. It's not that reporting on solitary confinement is lax or missing. To the contrary, I've listed at the foot of this piece some excellent recent journalism on the issue form the past year. We lack images.
Look Inside A Supermax a piece done with text and not images is typical of the invisibility of these sites. National Geographic tried a couple of years to bring solitary confinement to a screen near you. ABC News journalist Dan Harris spent the "two worst days of his life" in solitary to report the issue.
Why do we need to see these super-locked facilities? Well, depending on your sources there are between 15,000 and 80,000 people held in isolation daily (definitions of isolation differ). My conservative estimate is that 20,000 men, women and children are held in single occupancy cells 23 hours a day.
Gabriel Reyes, prisoner at Pelican Bay SHU writes about his experience for the San Francisco Chronicle:
"For the past 16 years, I have spent at least 22 1/2 hours of every day completely isolated within a tiny, windowless cell. […] The circumstances of my case are not unique; in fact, about a third of Pelican Bay's 3,400 prisoners are in solitary confinement; more than 500 have been there for 10 years, including 78 who have been here for more than 20 years."
Solitary confinement is a "living death"; an isolating "gray box" and "life in a black hole." Imagine locking yourself in a space the size of your bathroom for 23 hours a day. As James Ridgeway, currently the most prolific and reliable reporter on American solitary confinement, writes:
"A growing body of academic research suggests that solitary confinement can cause severe psychological damage, and may in fact increase both violent behavior and suicide rates among prisoners. In recent years, criminal justice reformers and human rights and civil liberties advocates have increasingly questioned the widespread and routine use of solitary confinement in America's prisons and jails, and states from Maine to Mississippi have taken steps to reduce the number of inmates they hold in isolation."
The over zealous and under regulated use of solitary confinement to control risk and populations within U.S. prisons is a cancer within already broken corrections systems. I'm posting a few more image that Google images afforded me – but I urge caution – these are just a glimpse and may not be indicative of solitary/SHU conditions. Windows are a rarity in solitary despite three images below showing them.
The main reason I'm posting here is to ask for your help in sourcing all the photography of U.S. solitary confinement we can. Please post links in the comments section and I'll add them to the article as time goes on.
© Alice Lynd. Front view of cell D1-119. Todd Ashker has been in a Security Housing Unit (SHU) for more than 25 years, since August 1986, and in the Pelican Bay SHU nearly 22 years, since May 2, 1990. "The locked tray slot is where I get my food trays, mail." (Source)
A typical special housing unit (SHU) cell for two prisoners, in use at Upstate Correctional Facility and SHU 20.0.s in New York. Photo: Unknown. (Source)
Bunk in Secure Housing Unit cell, Pelican Bay, California © Rina Palta/KALW. (Source)
Solitary Confinement at the Carter Youth Facility. Since the arrival of the girls' program at Carter, the administration has created a new seclusion cell. This cell contains no pillow, sheet, pillow case or blanket. In fact, there is nothing in the cell other than a mattress, which was added after numerous requests from the monitor. Girls are routinely placed in this room for "time out." Photo: Maryland Juvenile Justice Monitoring Unit. (Source)
© Rina Palta, KALW. "More than 3,000 prisoners in California endure inhuman conditions in solitary confinement." This photo, taken in August 2011 of a corridor inside the Security Housing Unit (SHU) at Pelican Bay State Prison, illustrated Amnesty's report. (Source)
© National Geographic. In Colorado State Penitentiary 756 inmates are held in "administrative segregation" alone in their cells for 23 hours a day. 5 times a week they are allowed into the rec room where they can exercise and breath fresh air through a grated window. (Source)
Eddie Griffin, prisoner in s Supermax prison in Marion, IL writes about "Breaking Men's Minds" [PDF.]
Boxed In NYCLU campaign and report with resources and video against use of solitary confinement. HIGHLY RECOMMENDED
The Gray Box, an investigative journalism series and film about solitary across the U.S., by Susan Greene. (Dart Society) HIGHLY RECOMMENDED
ACLU – Stop Solitary Confinement – Resources – HIGHLY RECOMMENDED
ACLU _ State specific reports on solitary confinement
Andrew Cohen's three part series on "The American Gulag" (Atlantic)
Atul Gawande's take on the psychological impacts of solitary confinement (New Yorker)
Sharon Shalev, author of Supermax: Controlling Risk Through Solitary Confinement, here writes about conditions. (New Humanist)
The shocking abuse of solitary confinement in U.S. prisons (Amnesty)
Solitary confinement policies in California revised yet again as inmate leaders promote end to racial hostilities
SOLITARY ELSEWHERE ON PRISON PHOTOGRAPHY
Interview with Isaac Ontiveros, Director of Communications with Critical Resistance, about Pelican Bay solitary and community activism.
The invention of solitary confinement.
RIGO 23, Michelle Vignes, the Black Panthers and Leonard Peltier
Chilean Miners, Russian Cosmonauts and 20,000 American Prisoners
Robert King, of the Angola 3, writes for the Guardian
Solitary Confinement Is The Same In Iran, Is The Same In America, Is The Same Anywhere
October 22, 2012 in Activist Art, Press, Prison Non-Photography, Words | Tags: AdSeg, America, Iran, Mother Jones, Pelican Bay State Prison, Shane Bauer, SHU, Solitary confinement | by petebrook | 2 comments
Photo: Roger May. (Source)
You'd think after 26 months in an Iranian prison, Shane Bauer would not be interested in seeing the inside of another cell. Think again. As I've noted before, Bauer is a journalist with human rights at the core of his stories.
Since his return to the U.S. he has been increasingly involved in describing the real problem we have with our approach to corrections. From Bauer's Mother Jones feature piece:
I've been corresponding with at least 20 inmates in SHUs around California as part of an investigation into why and how people end up here. While at Pelican Bay, I'm not allowed to see or speak to any of them. Since 1996, California law has given prison authorities full control of which inmates journalists can interview. The only one I'm permitted to speak to is the same person the New York Times was allowed to interview months before. He is getting out of the SHU because he informed on other prisoners. In fact, this SHU pod—the only one I am allowed to see—is populated entirely by prison informants. I ask repeatedly why I'm not allowed to visit another pod or speak to other SHU inmates. Eventually, Acosta snaps: "You're just not."
Bauer excavates the policy and the logic, if you can call it that, used by the CDCR in their categorisation of prisoners and how those policies lands individuals in solitary. Pelican Bay State Prison, the oldest state-built Supermax, is Kafkaesque in its imprisonment of prisoners classified as gang affiliated. Bauer describes the *evidence* used by the CDCR in its case tying Dietrich Pennington to gang activity.
In Pennington's file, the "direct link" is his possession of an article published in the San Francisco Bay View, an African American newspaper with a circulation of around 15,000. The paper is approved for distribution in California prisons, and Pennington's right to receive it is protected under state law. In the op-ed style article he had in his cell, titled "Guards confiscate 'revolutionary' materials at Pelican Bay," a validated member of the Black Guerilla Family prison gang complains about the seizure of literature and pictures from his cell and accuses the prison of pursuing "racist policy." In Pennington's validation documents, the gang investigator contends that, by naming the confiscated materials, the author "communicates to associates of the BGF…as to which material needs to be studied." No one alleges that Pennington ever attempted to contact the author. It is enough that he possessed the article.
Getting out is a Catch-22 that is best described by Bauer than I.
For the longest time, there was a media blackout in California prisons and very few journalists got in to the SHU. I have heard from a few reporters and photographers this year who have visited Pelican Bay's SHU but on a very tightly controlled media tour. Ultimately, Bauer wants to decode what purposes are served by solitary confinement. The CDCR argues it keeps prison violence down, but …
Prison violence fluctuates for myriad reasons, among them overcrowding, gang politics, and prison conditions. It's impossible to say for certain what role SHUs play; what is clear is that in states that have reduced solitary confinement — Colorado, Maine, and Mississippi — violence has not increased. […] Since Mississippi State Penitentiary at Parchman released 75 percent of inmates from solitary in the mid-2000s, violence has dropped 50 percent. CDCR officials claim California is different because the gang problem is worse here, though they don't have data to confirm this.
Bauer goes on to compare the correspondences he received as a prisoner with the letters he receives from Californian prisoners during his investigation. He describes the extreme psychological stress of solitary confinement and possibility of less labyrinthine regulation of SHUs with forthcoming CDCR policy changes (which may or may not transpire.)
He also offers readers to chance to contact the prisoners in the article.
Recommended read.
UPDATED: Oct 23rd, 2012
See Shane Bauer's two-part conversation with Amy Goodman on Democracy Now – one and two – and his support for California Hunger Strikers alongside Sarah Shourd and Josh Fattal in Oakland, Oct, 2011.
'The Gray Box': Must-Watch Investigative Report on Solitary Confinement
January 27, 2012 in Activist Art, Documentary, Prison Non-Photography, Visual Feeds | Tags: Adminstrative segregation, AdSeg, insanity, madness, psychological torture, sanity, solitary, Solitary confinement | by petebrook | 4 comments
I feel I've tried and fallen short in elucidating the core of the matter as regards solitary confinement. When I watched The Gray Box, by freelance journalist Susan Greene and DAX Films, I knew it was something I had to share.
The Gray Box speaks as I never could; it has voices of experience. You'll be awed by the psychological terror they describe and by the activities isolated prisoners employ to remain sane.
Of all the many battles at hand for prison reformers, it is felt that the campaign against the over-use of solitary confinement in American prisons is an issue that currently resonates enough with the public to effect some policy change.
The anti-Solitary bloc has simplified its message saying that solitary confinement does permanent damage to the mind of he or she imprisoned; a view backed up by medical science.
Publics are also more educated about isolation – and the manipulation/interrogation techniques associated with it – because Guantanamo prison has been regularly discussed in the media for over a decade.
Essentially, the knowledge that solitary destroys people is knowledge that anyone on the political spectrum can understand and oppose. From the hardcore secular ACLU to coalitions of churches, the voices in opposition to solitary confinement are wide and varied. Even so, we do still see some prisons such as Rikers Island which are bucking the trend and pushing for the to use of more solitary confinement.
Furthermore, the few actions of what we might refer to as prisoner resistance include calls to curtail the use of solitary confinement. (This is something Isaac Ontiveros covered when we discussed the California hunger strike).
Solitary confinement is not an issue I feel I've adequately discussed here on the blog. I've brought up it's historical genesis; I've discussed isolation in and out of prisons; and I've referred you to stories about infamous U.S. prisoners such as Robert King and Leonard Peltier who served and are serving time in isolation.
Truly, if you want to know about the abusive use of solitary confinement in US prison's follow James Ridgeway's vital journalism at Solitary Watch.
Ridgeway, a voice you can rely on, says about the film and of Greene's article The Gray Box: An Investigative Look at Solitary Confinement:
This is one of the most comprehensive articles ever written about solitary confinement in the United States, and is particularly noteworthy for including the voices of prisoners, obtained through correspondence with those buried in isolation. It is also passionate and personal.
Susan Greene is a former-columnist at the Denver Post who often wrote about the widespread use of solitary in Colorado's prisons and at the federal supermax, ADX Florence.
James Ridgeway was interviewed by the Dart Center and talked about the murky statistics and exchange of (mis)information about American prisoners in solitary.
Joseph Rodriguez alerted me to this film. Joseph's own work Re-Entry in Los Angeles appears among the Spring 2012 Dart Society Reports.
The Dart Society Reports distributes journalism about trauma, violence and human rights.


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Ben Motro
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Home > Publications >Employment Relations >
Drunken behaviour leads to dismissal - Mar 2019
Drunken behaviour leads to dismissal
In the appeal of Urso v QF Cabin Crew Australia Pty Limited t/as QCCA [2019] FWCFB 1322, the Full Bench of the Fair Work Commission has confirmed that employees bear the responsibility of ensuring that their conduct remains appropriate and compliant with company policy, and that even unintentional misconduct can form the basis of disciplinary action.
Ben Motro, Special Counsel, and Gemma Twemlow, Senior Associate, discuss the appeal.
In July 2018 the Fair Work Commission held that a flight attendant was not unfairly dismissed for his conduct outside of work hours after he failed to attend to work following a night out in New York.
The member of cabin crew, Mr Urso, appealed that finding. On 7 March 2019, the Commission handed down its decision in relation to that appeal, upholding the finding that he was not unfairly dismissed.
Mr Urso was employed as an international flight attendant with QF Cabin Crew Australia Pty Ltd (QCCA), a subsidiary of Qantas Airways Limited. On 20 July 2017 Mr Urso commenced a 7 day Brisbane – Los Angeles – New York – Los Angeles – Brisbane flight schedule.
Whilst on the layover in New York, Mr Urso and a colleague attended a local bar. Mr Urso's colleague found him collapsed on the floor of the toilets with a blood alcohol reading of 0.205%. Upon being discharged from hospital the following morning, Mr Urso advised his manager that he was unwell and unable to attend work for the return flight to Los Angeles that afternoon.
QCCA paid $20,000 in relation to Mr Urso's hospitalisation costs and Mr Urso flew home on a commercial flight two days later. Upon returning to Brisbane, an investigation into the incident took place resulting in Mr Urso being dismissed for misconduct in circumstances where he had consumed in excess of five standard drinks resulting in the following breaches of QCCA's policies and procedures:
Failing to ensure he was adequately rested whilst off duty and able to perform his next operational duty;
Failing to be ready, willing and able to perform operational duties the next day;
Failing to abstain from activity that would increase the risk of illness which would prevent performance of his duties at work; and
Consumption of excessive alcohol whilst "on slip".
The appeal
Mr Urso commenced an appeal on one fundamental issue – that he did not intend to consume excessive amounts of alcohol and become intoxicated. In considering the appeal, the Commission found that Mr Urso's ''innocent explanation'', namely that he had only consumed 5 drinks, was unsupported and ''inherently implausible and unbelievable'', particularly in circumstances where Mr Urso's accounts of the incident were ambiguous.
Whilst Mr Urso may not have positively intended to become intoxicated to the degree that he could not attend for work the following day, the Commission "did "not accept that intention is a necessary element of misconduct which might constitute a valid reasons for dismissal''. The Commission held that other forms of misconduct, such as breaches of safety policies and procedures, ''may be the result of recklessness, negligence or misjudgement''. In these circumstances, Mr Urso failed in his responsibility to limit his consumption of alcohol to a degree which would have enabled him to attend for work the following day.
The Full Bench therefore found that Mr Urso's failure to attend for his scheduled flight was as a result of excessive alcohol consumption, and consequently held that this was sufficiently serious to constitute a valid reason for dismissal.
This decision reinforces the notion that employees can be validly dismissed where their conduct is inconsistent with work policies that concern their ability to properly conduct themselves at work, particularly those employees where safety is a critical component of their employment. Additionally, this decision makes it clear that depending on the misconduct that an employee is said to have engaged in, whether they intended to engage in some form of misconduct may be irrelevant.


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superbad mohammed gif
The filmSwank won an Oscar for her portrayal of Brandon Teena, a transgender man murdered in Nebraska in 1993. Obscure much of the iconic orgy sequence with dark CGI silhouettes. After a night drinking whiskey, the ranchers huddle up for warmth, and then…, Why is it so groundbreaking?Ang Lee put gay sex in the mainstream. The filmThis undeniably erotic but also deeply sensitive French film won the Palme d'Or at Cannes for its free and frank portrayal of two young women, Adèle (Exarchopoulos), a schoolgirl, and Emma (Seydoux), an art student. And this is a scene that leaves a lasting impression: Without North by Northwest, we wouldn't have all those crude Airplane! Beyond that, however, this scene is important because of how director Zhang Yuan structures desire: His camera is obsessed with the lead actor's face reacting to pleasure and pain, inviting the audience to identify with desire.—Daniel Walber, Buy, rent or watch East Palace, West Palace, Director: Bruce La Bruce, Rick CastroBedfellows: Tony Ward, Bruce La Bruce. Lena Dunham is on a mission to normalize sex and in Tiny Furniture, it's realistically awkward and embarrassing in a way we can all relate to.—Cath Clarke, Director: Paul VerhoevenPoolfellows: Elizabeth Berkley, Kyle MacLachlan. Buckley's comedy makes a mockery of the second-chance sports drama. The filmItalian maestro Antonioni's first English-language film, about a photographer who stumbles on a murderous conspiracy, defined Swinging London for audiences around the world. • No swearing words in comments, otherwise such comments will be censored. Béatrice Dalle's title character is a force of nature, boldly hedonistic with undeniable appetites. "You don't have AIDS, do you?" she asks when it's all over.
Coming Home was the first film to confront this epidemic, targeting men at their most sensitive areas in order to illustrate that they may be wounded, but they're still alive.—David Ehrlich, Director: Paul Thomas AndersonBedfellows: Mark Wahlberg, Julianne Moore. The sex sceneFor his first sex scene, Diggler (Wahlberg) is paired with veteran porn icon Amber Waves (Moore). As an act of rebellion, it was a happy accident, as Jarman recalled: "We left in the hard-on during editing and the censor unknowingly passed it because it was at the bottom of the screen and we showed it to him in the wrong screen ratio.", Why is it so groundbreaking?Remember that homosexual acts were only decriminalized in the U.K. eight years prior. Directed by William Heise for Thomas Edison, it recreates a kiss from a popular musical of the time, The Widow Jones. The filmAs thick a slice of misery porn as has ever been cut, Forster's Southern-fried tragedy tells the story of a racist executioner who falls in love with the widow of a man he recently sent to the electric chair. There's also something daring about demoting Richard Gere to the role of cuckold. We give it a perfect ten on the dismount.—Joshua Rothkopf, Director: Lucía PuenzoBedfellows: Inés Efron, Martín Piroyansky. Why is it so groundbreaking?Buckley's not-unimpressive member became the first ever to make it through the British film censors, though the film's one and only U.K. TV showing two decades later saw his manhood hilariously masked by superimposed animation.—Trevor Johnston, Buy, rent or watch WR: Mysteries of the Organism, Director: Derek Jarman and Paul HumfressBedfellows: Ken Hicks, Janusz Romanov. Sally (Ryan) and Harry (Crystal) stay friends for over 12 years—through traumas, break-ups and divorce—before they realize they're made for each other. Thanks for subscribing! © 2020 Time Out America LLC and affiliated companies owned by Time Out Group Plc. Over the years, that tide has somewhat turned: The movie is a landmark of gay representation, despite the plot's more formulaic gestures. The filmKids and parents misbehave in Ang Lee's chilly Nixon-era drama, based on the novel by Rick Moody and set during one booze-saturated Thanksgiving weekend. After some smoldering chemistry and a spot of light plumbing, Corky (Gershon) and Violet (Tilly) fall hard for each other—at least, as hard it's possible to in a movie where no one seems entirely trustworthy. A Greek chorus of intimate discussions among friends about sex, relationships and the politics of it all punctuates the film. Why is it so groundbreaking?Female orgasms had always been a no-no in the movies. The filmThis hugely popular slice of 1970s French erotica tells of Emmanuelle (Kristel), an expat living in Thailand who liberally sleeps with men and women—mostly for our pleasure, of course. Even worse are the flourishes that future filmmakers have since agreed to: Remember Leslie Mann's computer-generated breasts in The Change-Up? The sex sceneTwo men make love in the water and we see a flash of an erection. This leads to the kinkiest sex in the film, complete with leather and water sports. The sex sceneThree sexy actors get up to a number of scantily clad—and fully nude—encounters in a book-lined hothouse apartment. Due to this we are updating our. The sex sceneThe film's climactic moment is, of course, its famous threesome between Luna, García Bernal and Verdú. How many times did Muhammad Ali win during his career? A woman (Casar) attempts suicide in a gay club, is saved by a man (Italian porn star Siffredi) and pays him to spend four nights with her in her apartment. The sex sceneAntichrist opens with a balletic slow-motion sequence in which Mom and Dad (Gainsbourg and Dafoe) are too busy making love in the shower to notice their young son wander out of his crib and plummet out the window to his death. share. Otters are one of the hairiest animals on earth (who would've guessed?). Von Trier's epic was so long, he split it into two volumes. It's not meant to be funny, but primo cheese like this is rare. You'll never look at cinema sex—or read the word "unsalted"—the way same again.
In most films, the pain that Sada experiences would immediately classify the act as sexual assault, but In the Realm of the Senses renders our judgments irrelevant.
His solution? Why is it so groundbreaking?This would be a jaw-dropping scene in a movie today. Rather, it's a crucial reminder of the joys we have to live for.—Joshua Rothkopf, Director: John Cameron MitchellOrgyfellows: Too many participants to name. Why is it so groundbreaking?Trailblazing the way for Girls, this sex is frank and honest. In an increasingly conservative era, their indecency would instead lead to an abrupt and bloody death, with only the virginal heroine spared.—Tom Huddleston, Director: Crispin Glover and David BrothersBedfellows: Steven C. Stewart, Carrie Szlasa. But for two actors to be in a single bed together was, in its own way, a quiet revolution in post–Hays Code Hollywood. The sex sceneWhen Omar's uncle opens a gleaming new laundry, Omar and Johnny fall into each other's arms in the back room as the opening party kicks off next door. Why is it so groundbreaking?The idea of masturbation as an act of female empowerment may not be new, but this must be the first time a mainstream Hollywood movie not just depicted the act but did so with gusto and a complete absence of (ahem) beating around the bush. At the time, the NC-17 category did not exist, so Midnight Cowboy found itself slapped with an X. More recently, a 2013 clip of a Bertolucci confessing to not telling Schneider ahead of time about the butter moment ("he had to rape her in a way…I wanted her to feel, not to act"), caused a massive outcry online. Why is it so groundbreaking?There's no actual flesh onscreen, but when lead actor Semyonova bites her bedstead out of sheer longing, the erotic tension is palpable.—Trevor Johnston, Director: David LynchBedfellows: Naomi Watts, Laura Elena Harring. Then Oliver discovers him, and things get even hotter. The moment was often cut from prints by concerned censors. The filmThis was the Spanish director's second feature film and came at the height of La Movida, the cultural explosion in Madrid that followed the death of Franco. It's a wonder the screen doesn't steam up. Get free Outlook email and calendar, plus Office Online apps like Word, Excel and PowerPoint. Lana tells it in flashback to her friends, her emotional arc doubled by the way the scene bounces between present and past. Why is it so groundbreaking?For its sheer audacity alone. The filmThe first American feature by an African-American lesbian, Dunye's The Watermelon Woman stars its director as a video-store clerk and aspiring filmmaker working on a project about a long-forgotten black actress of the 1930s. All of Shortbus makes this argument. A very pre-MeToo-feeling thriller unleashed on a locked-down post-MeToo world, there's more than a hint of Joe Eszterhas and Adrian Lyne's '80s erotic thrillers to this overheated kidnap drama. Why is it so groundbreaking?Taxi zum Klo is a warm portrait of an open relationship, a clever juxtaposition of public life and private sex, and an oblique critique of society's hang-ups. by VikMemesAlot. The sex sceneEven if you haven't seen the film, you know the scene: Stone is being questioned by five cops and she's eating them alive. Why is it so groundbreaking?Whether Carpenter intended it or not, Halloween marked a key moment in the rollback of the '60s dream. The sex sceneFrom the latter cut, naturally, comes the famous lesbian scene, starring Penthouse Pets Anneka di Lorenzo and Lori Wagner, who engage in a three-minute romp with zero relevance to the plot. The filmPichul's nihilistic drama, an enduring emblem of the Soviet Union during perestroika, follows a wild Russian girl as she falls in love with a man whom her family violently disapproves of. Kubrick had only been in his grave a few months, but it's safe to assume he was already rolling in it. The filmA one-of-a-kind masterpiece, Pedro Almodóvar's sex comedy-cum-melodrama is a gay love triangle—and a prime example of his genre-bending 1980s style. Why is it so groundbreaking?Antichrist wasn't the first time that penetration had been graphically depicted in a theatrically released film (hell, it wasn't even the first time that Von Trier had done it), but there's something strikingly confrontational about the black-and-white classicism with which Antichrist depicted it. Dramatically, the scene is hard to swallow, but it sure ties the film together. It's a textbook example of using physical intimacy to convey a blooming sense of confidence.—Joshua Rothkopf, Director: Joaquim PintoBedfellows: Pinto, Nuno Leonel.
A sunlit crime caper that goes dark in the second half, Soderbergh's Elmore Leonard adaptation pairs Jennifer Lopez and George Clooney as a US marshal and career bank robber who turn a cat-and-mouse pursuit into a seriously unlikely but still deeply believable romance.
The sex sceneIn the midst of a citywide power outage, everything comes together in a final climax of togetherness. The sex sceneIt's a simple predinner sex scene in a hotel room, but the way Roeg shoots and edits it, and the manner in which the actors perform it, makes it extremely powerful.
Follow-up question: Remember The Change-Up?—David Ehrlich, Director: Adrian LyneBedfellows: Diane Lane, Olivier Martinez. The filmA Bedford-Stuyvesant block explodes on the most sweltering day of the summer, as a local pizzeria becomes a magnet for racial tensions. The filmDetermined to make a place for sex in cinema outside of pornography, John Cameron Mitchell created this panorama of sexual problems and possibilities centered around an underground salon in New York City. "Eveready Harton in Buried Treasure" (1928), Check out the 100 best movies on Netflix right now.
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Why is it so groundbreaking?It's not actually sex, but the metaphor is so strong it's almost laughable these days. The film brought a no-nonsense European art-house approach to U.K. screens.—Dave Calhoun, Director: Frank RipplohBedfellows: Ripploh, Peter Fahrni. to help give you the best experience we can. The filmBroomfield's HBO documentary is a profile of Pandora's Box, one of New York City's premier S&M establishments. But it's only when you watch that egg disappear that you begin to comprehend the full extent of the film's transgression.—David Ehrlich, Buy, rent or watch In the Realm of the Senses, Director: Paul VerhoevenBedfellows: Sharon Stone, a short skirt, a bunch of drooling detectives.
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