text:
\section{Introduction}
Throughout this paper, all rings are Noetherian and commutative. Let $A$ be a local ring that admits a surjection from an $n$-dimensional regular local ring $(R,\mathfrak{m})$ containing a field. Let $I\subset R$ be the kernel of the surjection, and let $k=R/{\mathfrak{m}}$ be the residue field of $R$. Then the Lyubeznik numbers $\lambda_{i,j}(A)$ (Definition 4.1 in \cite{l1}) are defined to be $dim_k(Ext_R^i(k,H^{n-j}_I(R)))$. And it was proven in \cite{l1} that they are all finite and depend only on $A,i$ and $j$, but neither on $R$, nor on the surjection $R\rightarrow A$. \par
The Lyubeznik numbers have been studied by a number of authors, including \cite{k1}, \cite{k2}, \cite{l3}, \cite{ls}, \cite{w}. In this paper, we will give an interpretation of $\lambda_{d,d}(A)$ in terms of the topology of $SpecA$.\par
Firstly, we reproduce the definition of the Hochster-Huneke graph associated to a local ring which was originally given in \cite{hh}:
\newtheorem*{def1}{{\bf Definition 1.1} (Definition 3.4 in \cite{hh})}
\begin{def1}
Let $B$ be a local ring. The graph $\Gamma_B$ associated to $B$ is defined as follows. Its vertices are the top-dimensional  minimal prime ideals of $B$, and two distinct  vertices $P$ and $Q$ are joined by an edge if and only if $ht_B(P+Q)=1$.
\end{def1}

In \cite{l2} and \cite{l3}, the following question was posed
\newtheorem*{q2}{{\bf Question 1.2} (Question 1.1 in \cite{l3})}
\begin{q2}
Is $\lambda_{d,d}(A)$ equal to the number of the connected components of the Hochster-Huneke graph $\Gamma_B$ associated to
$B=\widehat{\hat{A}^{sh}}$, the completion of the strict Henselization of the completion of $A$?
\end{q2}

As is pointed out in \cite{l3}, the graph $\Gamma_B$ can be realized by a much smaller ring than $B=\widehat{\hat{A}^{sh}}$. Namely, if $\hat{A}$ is the completion of $A$ with respect to the maximal ideal and $k\subset \hat{A}$ is a coefficient field, then there exists a finite separable extension field $K$ of $k$ such that $\Gamma_B=\Gamma_{\hat{A}\otimes_kK}$. In particular, if the residue field of $A$ is separably closed, then $\Gamma_B=\Gamma_{\hat{A}}$.\par

It is shown in \cite{l3} that the answer to the above question is positive in characteristic $p>0$.
Our main result in this paper is that the answer to the above question is positive in general, without any restriction on the characteristic, i.e,

\newtheorem*{thm}{\bf Main Theorem}
\begin{thm}
Let $A=R/I$ be a local ring, where $R$ is a regular local ring containing a field (of any characteristic), and $dim(A)=d$. Then $\lambda_{d,d}(A)$ is equal to the number of connected components of the Hochster-Huneke graph $\Gamma_B$ associated to $B=\widehat{\hat{A}^{sh}}$.
\end{thm}

Our proof of the Main Theorem is completely characteristic-free. We use the following result from \cite{l3} whose proof in \cite{l3} is completely characteristic-free.
\newtheorem*{lem1.3}{{\bf Lemma 1.3} (Corollary 2.4 in \cite{l3})}
\begin{lem1.3}
Let $A$ be a local ring of dimension $d$ containing a field and let $B=\widehat{\hat{A}^{sh}}$ be the completion of the strict Henselization of the completion of $A$. Let $\Gamma_1,\cdots, \Gamma_r$ be the connected components of $\Gamma_B$. Let $I_j$ be the intersection of the minimal primes of $B$ that are the vertices of $\Gamma_i$. Let $B_j=B/I_j$. Then $\lambda_{i,d}(A)=\sum^{r}_{j=1}\lambda_{i,d}(B_j)$ for every $i$.
\end{lem1.3}

Clearly, to prove our Main Theorem it is enough to show that $\lambda_{d,d}(B_j)=1$ for every $j$. Since every $B_j$ is complete, local, $d$-dimensional, reduced, equidimensional, contains a field, has a separably closed residue field, and the Hochster-Huneke graph associated to $B_j$ is connected, this is proven in the following Theorem 1.4.

\newtheorem*{thm2}{\bf Theorem 1.4}
\begin{thm2}
If $A$ is $d$-dimensional, complete, reduced, equidimensional, local, contains a field, has a separably closed residue field and the graph associated to $A$ is connected, then $\lambda_{d,d}(A)=1$.
\end{thm2}

Thus our Main Theorem follows from Lemma 1.3 and Theorem 1.4. To complete the proof of the Main Theorem it remains to prove Theorem 1.4. This is accomplished in the following section.\par
\section*{Acknowledgements}
The result of this paper is from my thesis. I would like to thank my advisor Prof. Gennady Lyubeznik for suggesting this problem to me.
\section{Proof of Theorem 1.4}
Throughout this section $A$ is as in Theorem 1.4, i.e. $d$-dimensional, complete, local, reduced, equidimensional, contains a field, has a separably closed residue field and the Hochster-Huneke graph associated to $A$ is connected. The case that $dim(A)\leq 2$ has been completely settled by Kawasaki \cite{k1} and Walther \cite{w}, independently. Thus it remains to settle the case when $dim(A)\geq 3$. We will do this by induction on $dim(A)$, the case that $dim(A)\leq 2$ being known.\par
Accordingly, thoughout this section we assume that $d\geq 3$ and Theorem 1.4 proven for $d-1$. By Cohen's Structure Theorem, $A$ is a homomorphic image of a complete regular local ring ($R,\mathfrak{m}$) containing a field.\par

Let $dim(R)=n$. By \cite[3.6]{l1} the set of the minimal primes of the support of $H^{n-d+1}_I(R)$ is finite. Hence standard prime avoidance implies that there is an element $r\in\mathfrak{m}$ that does not belong to any minimal prime of $I$ nor to any minimal prime of the support of $H^{n-d+1}_I(R)$ different from $\{\mathfrak{m}\}$ (if $\mathfrak{m}$ is a minimal (hence the only associated) prime of $H^{n-d+1}_I(R)$, then the only condition on $r$ is that $r\in\mathfrak{m}$ and $r$ does not belong to any minimal prime of $I$). We fix one such element $r\in\mathfrak{m}$ throughout the rest of this section.\par

Let $\bar{r}$ be the image of $r$ in $A=R/I$. Then $\bar{r}$ is not contained in any minimal prime ideal of $A$, since $r$ is not contained in any minimal prime of $I$. Hence $A/\bar{r}A$ is equidimensional and $dim(A/\bar{r}A)=d-1$. We are going to prove the following two propositions.

\newtheorem*{p2.1}{\bf Proposition 2.1}
\begin{p2.1}
$\lambda_{d,d}(A)=\lambda_{d-1,d-1}(A/\sqrt{\bar{r}A})$.
\end{p2.1}
\newtheorem*{p2.2}{\bf Proposition 2.2}
\begin{p2.2}
The Hochster-Huneke graph associated to $A/\sqrt{\bar{r}A}$ is connected.
\end{p2.2}
\begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem 1.4]
Proposition 2.2 shows that the ring $A/\sqrt{\bar{r}A}$ satisfies the hypotheses of Theorem 1.4 for dimension $d-1$. The inductive hypotheses (i.e. Theorem 1.4 in dimension $d-1$) implies that $\lambda_{d-1,d-1}(A/\sqrt{\bar{r}A})=1$. Proposition 2.1 now shows that $\lambda_{d,d}(A)=1$. This completes the proof of Theorem 1.4 modulo Propositions 2.1 and 2.2.
\end{proof}
It remains to prove Propositions 2.1 and 2.2. We begin with a proof of Proposition 2.1 which requires Lemmas 2.3 and 2.4 below.

\newtheorem*{l2.3}{\bf Lemma 2.3}
\begin{l2.3}
$dim(Supp_R(H^{n-d+1}_I(R)))\leq d-2.$
\end{l2.3}
\begin{proof}[Proof]
Let $P$ be an arbitrary element of $Supp_R(H^{n-d+1}_I(R))$. Assume $ht(P)\leq n-d+1$. If $ht(P)\leq n-d$, then $(H^{n-d+1}_I(R))_P\cong H^{n-d+1}_{IR_P}(R_P)=0$ since the dimension of $R_P$ is less than $n-d+1$. If $ht(P)=n-d+1$, then the dimension of $R_P$ is $n-d+1$ and by the Hartshorne-Lichtenbaum Vanishing Theorem (\cite[8.2.1]{bs}) $$(H^{n-d+1}_I(R))_P=H^{n-d+1}_{IR_P}(R_P)=0$$
(since $I\widehat{R_P}$ is not $P\widehat{R_P}$-primary as $R$ is regular and every minimal prime of $IR_P$ has height $n-d$). So, $ht(P)\geq n-d+2$ for every $P\in Supp_R(H^{n-d+1}_I(R))$, hence $dim(Supp_R(H^{n-d+1}_I(R)))\leq d-2$.
\end{proof}

\newtheorem*{l2.4}{\bf Lemma 2.4}
\begin{l2.4}
$dim(Supp_R(H^0_{(r)}(H^{n-d+1}_I(R))))\leq d-3.$
\end{l2.4}
\begin{proof}[Proof]
If $Supp_R(H^{n-d+1}_I(R))=\{\mathfrak{m}\}$, then $H^{n-d+1}_I(R)$ is injective by \cite[3.6]{l1}. Then $dim(Supp_R(H^0_{(r)}(H^{n-d+1}_I(R))))=0\leq d-3$, since $d\geq 3$ by our assumption. If $Supp_R(H^{n-d+1}_I(R))\neq \{\mathfrak{m}\}$, let $P$ be an arbitrary element of $Supp_R(H^0_{(r)}(H^{n-d+1}_I(R)))$. Then $P$ has to contain $r$ and a minimal element $P'$ in $Supp_R(H^{n-d+1}_I(R))$. Since $r\notin P'$ by Lemma 2.1, it follows from Krull's Principal Ideal Theorem that $ht(P'+(r))=ht(P')+1$. Hence, $ht(P)\geq n-d+2+1=n-d+3$. Therefore, $dim(Supp_R(H^0_{(r)}(H^{n-d+1}_I(R))))\leq d-3$.
\end{proof}

\begin{proof}[Proof of Proposition 2.1]
We have the Grothendieck spectral sequence for the composition of functors
$$E^{p,q}_2 =H^p_{(r)}(H^q_I(R))\Rightarrow H^{p+q}_{I+(r)}(R).$$
In this spectral sequence, all differentials $d^{p,q}_s:E^{p,q}_s\rightarrow E^{p+s,q-(s-1)}_s$ are zero since $H^{p+s}_{(r)}(H^{q-(s-1)}_I(R))$ is zero (indeed $s\geq 2$ implies $p+s\geq 2$ and the ideal ($r$) is 1-generated). Therefore
$$E^{p,q}_{\infty}=E^{p,q}_2=H^p_{(r)}(H^q_I(R)).$$
The spectral sequence is convergent, hence we have a finite filtration
$$0=F^tH^m_{I+(r)}(R)\subseteq \cdots F^{p+1}H^m_{I+(r)}(R)\subseteq F^pH^m_{I+(r)}(R)\cdots \subseteq F^sH^m_{I+(r)}(R)=H^m_{I+(r)}(R)$$
so that
$$E^{p,q}_{\infty}\cong F^pH^{p+q}_{I+(r)}(R)/F^{p+1}H^{p+q}_{I+(r)}(R).$$
Since $E^{p,q}_2=0$ for any $p>1$, we have
$$F^2H^m_{I+(r)}(R)=\cdots =F^tH^m_{I+(r)}(R)=0.$$
Therefore the filtration is in fact
$$0=F^2H^m_{I+(r)}(R)\subseteq F^1H^m_{I+(r)}(R)\subseteq F^0H^m_{I+(r)}(R)=H^m_{I+(r)}(R),$$
and
$$E^{0,m}_2\cong F^0H^m_{I+(r)}(R)/F^1H^m_{I+(r)}(R),$$
$$E^{1,m-1}_2\cong F^1H^m_{I+(r)}(R).$$
In particular, we have an exact sequence
$$\ \ 0\rightarrow E^{1,m-1}_2\rightarrow H^m_{I+(r)}(R)\rightarrow E^{0,m}_2\rightarrow 0.$$
i.e. we have the following exact sequence
$$(*)\qquad 0\rightarrow H^1_{(r)}(H^{m-1}_I(R))\rightarrow H^m_{I+(r)}(R)\rightarrow H^0_{(r)}(H^m_I(R))\rightarrow 0.$$
Applying $\Gamma_{\mathfrak{m}}$ to ($*$) and setting $m=n-d+1$, we have a long exact sequence
$$\cdots\rightarrow H^{d-2}_{\mathfrak{m}}(H^0_{(r)}(H^{n-d+1}_I(R)))
\rightarrow H^{d-1}_{\mathfrak{m}}(H^1_{(r)}(H^{n-d}_I(R)))
\rightarrow$$
$$H^{d-1}_{\mathfrak{m}}(H^{n-d+1}_{I+(r)}(R))\rightarrow H^{d-1}_{\mathfrak{m}}(H^0_{(r)}(H^{n-d+1}_I(R)))\rightarrow\cdots.$$
Since $dim(Supp_R(H^0_{(r)}(H^{n-d+1}_I(R))))\leq d-3$,
$$ H^{d-2}_{\mathfrak{m}}(H^0_{(r)}(H^{n-d+1}_I(R)))=H^{d-1}_{\mathfrak{m}}(H^0_{(r)}(H^{n-d+1}_I(R)))=0,$$
by Grothendieck's Vanishing Theorem \cite[6.1.2]{bs}.  Hence, the above long exact sequence implies
$$(**)\qquad H^{d-1}_{\mathfrak{m}}(H^1_{(r)}(H^{n-d}_I(R)))\cong H^{d-1}_{\mathfrak{m}}(H^{n-d+1}_{I+(r)}(R)).$$
The height of $I+(r)$ is $n-d+1$ and $R$ is regular, thus
$$H^{n-d}_{I+(r)}(R)=0.$$
So, if we set $m=n-d$ in ($*$), we will have
$$H^0_{(r)}(H^{n-d}_I(R))=0.$$
For any $R$-module, we always have the following exact sequence
$$(***)\qquad 0\rightarrow H^0_{(r)}(M)\rightarrow M\rightarrow M_r\rightarrow H^1_{(r)}(M)\rightarrow 0.$$
Let $M=H^{n-d}_I(R)$ in ($***$), then we will have an exact sequence
$$(****)\qquad 0\rightarrow H^{n-d}_I(R)\rightarrow (H^{n-d}_I(R))_r\rightarrow H^1_{(r)}(H^{n-d}_I(R))\rightarrow 0.$$
Applying $\Gamma_{\mathfrak{m}}$ to ($****$) and keeping in mind that $H^j_{\mathfrak{m}}((H^{n-d}_I(R))_r)=0$ for $j>0$ (since mutliplication by $r\in \mathfrak{m}$ is bijective on $H^{n-d}_I(R)_r$), we have
$$H^{d-1}_{\mathfrak{m}}(H^1_{(r)}(H^{n-d}_I(R)))\cong H^d_{\mathfrak{m}}(H^{n-d}_I(R)),$$
as $d\geq 3$. Considering ($**$), we have
$$H^d_{\mathfrak{m}}(H^{n-d}_I(R))\cong H^{d-1}_{\mathfrak{m}}(H^{n-d+1}_{I+(r)}(R)).$$
Since $H^{n-d+1}_{I+(r)}(R)=H^{n-d+1}_{\sqrt{I+(r)}}(R)$, we have
$$dim_{R/\mathfrak{m}}Hom_R(R/\mathfrak{m},H^d_{\mathfrak{m}}(H^{n-d}_I(R)))=dim_{R/\mathfrak{m}}Hom_R(R/\mathfrak{m},H^{d-1}_{\mathfrak{m}}(H^{n-(d-1)}_{\sqrt{I+(r)}}(R))),$$
which implies that $$\lambda_{d,d}(A)=\lambda_{d,d}(R/I)=\lambda_{d-1,d-1}(R/(\sqrt{I+(r)})=\lambda_{d-1,d-1}(A/\sqrt{\bar{r}A}).$$ This completes the proof of Proposition 2.1.
\end{proof}

To complete the proof of Theorem 1.4, it remains to prove Proposition 2.2. Let $\Theta=\{P_1,\cdots,P_s\}$ be the set of the minimal prime ideals of $A$. $\text{Let}\ \Sigma_i =\{Q\in Spec(A)|Q\ is\ minimal\ over\ P_i+\sqrt{\bar{r}A}\}$, and let $\Sigma=\cup_i\Sigma_i$. There is 1-1 correspondence between $\Sigma$ and the set of the minimal prime ideals in $A/\sqrt{\bar{r}A}$.\par
We recall the the height of an ideal is the minimum of the heights of the minimal primes over that ideal.
\newtheorem*{l2.5}{\bf Lemma 2.5}
\begin{l2.5}
Let $P_1$ and $P_2$ be two arbitrary elements in $\Theta$. If  for any $Q_{\alpha}\in \Sigma_1$ and any $Q_{\beta}\in \Sigma_2$, $ht_{A/\sqrt{\bar{r}A}}((Q_{\alpha}+Q_{\beta})/\sqrt{\bar{r}A})\geq 2$, then $ht_{A}(P_1+P_2)\geq 2.$
\end{l2.5}
\begin{proof}[Proof]
Otherwise, $ht_{A}(P_1+P_2)=1$ (obviously, $ht_{A}(P_1+P_2)\geq 1$). By the Principal Ideal Theorem and considering that $A$ is catenary because it is complete, we have
$$(\bullet)\qquad ht_{A}(P_1+P_2+\sqrt{\bar{r}A})\leq 2.$$
Let $\mathcal{Q}$ be an arbitrary prime ideal of $A$ minimal over $P_1+P_2+\sqrt{\bar{r}A}$. Then $\mathcal{Q}$ must contain some $Q_1\in \Sigma_1$ and some $Q_2\in \Sigma_2$. Therefore,
$$ht_{A/\sqrt{\bar{r}A}}(\mathcal{Q}/\sqrt{\bar{r}A})\geq ht_{A/\sqrt{\bar{r}A}}((Q_1+Q_2)/\sqrt{\bar{r}A})\geq 2.$$
Thus,
$$ht_{A/\sqrt{\bar{r}A}}((P_1+P_2+\sqrt{\bar{r}A})/\sqrt{\bar{r}A})\geq 2.$$
Hence, for any prime ideal $\tilde{Q}$ minimal over $P_1+P_2+\sqrt{\bar{r}A}$, there exist prime ideals $Q$ and $\bar{Q}$ so that we have a chain of ideals
$$\sqrt{\bar{r}A}\subset Q\subsetneq \bar{Q}\subsetneq \tilde{Q}.$$
$Q$ contains $\sqrt{\bar{r}A}$, thus $Q$ properly contains some element in $\Theta$, say, $P_3$. Then we have a chain of ideals
$$P_3\subsetneq Q\subsetneq \bar{Q}\subsetneq \tilde{Q}.$$
Therefore, for every prime ideal $\tilde{Q}$ minimal over $P_1+P_2+\sqrt{\bar{r}A}$,
$$ht_{A}(\tilde{Q}) \geq 3,$$
hence,
$$ht_{A}(P_1+P_2+\sqrt{\bar{r}A})\geq 3,$$
contrary to ($\bullet$).
\end{proof}

\newtheorem*{l2.6}{\bf Lemma 2.6}
\begin{l2.6}
Assume that the Hochster-Huneke graph associated to $A/\sqrt{P_i+\bar{r}A}$ is connected for all $P_i\in\Theta$. Then so is the Hochster-Huneke graph associated to $A/\sqrt{\bar{r}A}$.
\end{l2.6}
\begin{proof}[Proof]
Indeed, assume the graph associated to $A/\sqrt{\bar{r}A}$ is not connected. Then $\Sigma$ can be divided into 2 non-empty disjoint subsets: $\Sigma^*$ and $\Sigma^{**}$, such that if $Q_1\in \Sigma^*$ and $Q_2\in\Sigma^{**}$ then $ht_{A/\sqrt{\bar{r}A}}((Q_1+Q_2)/\sqrt{\bar{r}A})\geq 2$. Since the graph associated to $A/\sqrt{P_i+\bar{r}A}$ is connected, $\Sigma_i$ has to be completely contained in $\Sigma^*$ or completely contained in $\Sigma^{**}$ for every $i$. Therefore, we can divide $\Theta$ into 2 non-empty disjoint subtsets:
$$\Theta^*=\{P\in\Theta|the\ prime\ ideals\ minimal\ over\ P+\sqrt{\bar{r}A}\ are\ contained\ in\ \Sigma^* \}$$
and
$$\Theta^{**}=\{P\in\Theta|the\ prime\ ideals\ minimal\ over\ P+\sqrt{\bar{r}A}\ are\ contained\ in\ \Sigma^{**} \}.$$
For an arbitrary element $P_1\in \Theta^*$ and an arbitrary element $P_2\in \Theta^{**}$, $$ht_{A/\sqrt{\bar{r}A}}((Q_1+Q_2)/\sqrt{\bar{r}A})\geq 2,\ \forall Q_1\in \Sigma_1,\forall Q_2\in \Sigma_2.$$
Lemma 2.5 implies $ht_A(P_1+P_2)\geq 2$. Hence, the graph associated to $A$ is not connected either, which is a contradiction.
\end{proof}

\begin{proof}[Proof of Proposition 2.2]
According to Lemma 2.6, it is enough to prove that the graph associated to $A/\sqrt{P_i+\bar{r}A}$ is connected for all $P_i\in \Theta$. Denoting $A/P_i$ by $A$ and the image of $\bar{r}$ in $A/P_i$ by $\bar{r}$ again, we are reduced to proving that if $A$ is a domain and $\bar{r}\in \mathfrak{m}$ is nonzero, then the graph associated to $A/\sqrt{\bar{r}A}$ is connected.\par
The following result is not explicitly stated in \cite{hh}, but is a straightforward consequence of \cite[3.6c,e]{hh} and \cite[3.9b,c]{hh}: \emph{Let $S$ be a complete local equidimensional ring. If $S$ satisfies Serre's condition $S_2$ and $x_1,\cdots,x_k$ is a part of a system of parameters of $S$, then the graph associated to $S/\sqrt{(x_1,\cdots,x_k)}$ is connected.}\par
Let $S$ be the normalization of $A$. Since $A$ is a complete local domain, so is $S$. Serre's criterion of normality shows that $S$ is $S_2$. Since $\bar{r}\in S$ is $S$-regular, the graph associated to $S/\sqrt{\bar{r}S}$ is connected by the above-quoted result. As $S$ is module-finite over $A$, the going-up theorem implies that $\sqrt{\bar{r}S}\cap A=\sqrt{\bar{r}A}$, hence the natural map $\phi:A/\sqrt{\bar{r}A}\rightarrow S/\sqrt{\bar{r}S}$ is injective and $S/\sqrt{\bar{r}S}$ is a finite $A/\sqrt{\bar{r}A}$-module via $\phi$. The ring $S/\sqrt{\bar{r}S}$ is catenary since $S$ is complete.\par
Setting $B=A/\sqrt{\bar{r}A}$ and $C=S/\sqrt{\bar{r}S}$, we have that $B\subset C$  is an injective finite extension of equidimensional local rings and $C$ is catenary. The graph associated to $C$ is connected, and we need to show that the graph associated to $B$ is connected. This is shown below.\par
The graph associated to an equidimensional local ring is connected if and only if for every pair of minimal primes $P_{\alpha}$ and $P_{\beta}$ there is a sequence of prime ideals $P_1,\cdots,P_k$ such that, setting $P_{\alpha}=P_0$ and $P_{\beta}=P_{k+1}$, we have that $ht(P_i+P_{i+1})\leq 1$ (i.e. $ht(P_i+P_{i+1})=1$ if $P_i\neq P_{i+1}$) for all $0\leq i\leq k$. Accordingly, let $P_{\alpha}$ and $P_{\beta}$ be two arbitrary minimal prime ideals in $B$. Then we have prime ideals $\tilde{P}_{\alpha}$ and $\tilde{P}_{\beta}$ in $C$ lying over $P_{\alpha}$ and $P_{\beta}$, respectively, and $\tilde{P}_{\alpha}$ and $\tilde{P}_{\beta}$ are minimal in $C$ as well, by the going-up theorem. The graph associated to $C$ is connected, hence there exists a sequence of minimal prime ideals $\tilde{P_1},\cdots, \tilde{P_k}$ in $C$ so that, setting $\tilde{P}_0=\tilde{P}_{\alpha}$ and $\tilde{P}_{k+1}=\tilde{P}_{\beta}$,
$$ht_C(\tilde{P_i}+\tilde{P_{i+1}})=1,\ for\ 0\leq i\leq k.$$
Let $P_1,\cdots, P_k$ be the pullback of $\tilde{P_1},\cdots, \tilde{P_k}$ in $B$. We let $P_0=P_{\alpha}$ and $P_{k+1}=P_{\beta}$. To show that the graph associated to $B$ is connected, it is enough to show that $$ht_B(P_i+P_{i+1})\leq 1\ for\ all\ i\leq k.$$ This amounts to showing that if $P_i\neq P_{i+1}$ then $ht_B(P_i+P_{i+1})=1$. Accordingly, we assume that $P_i\neq P_{i+1}$. Since $ht_C(\tilde{P_i}+\tilde{P}_{i+1})=1$, there exists a prime ideal $\tilde{Q}$ in $C$ with height 1 containing $\tilde{P}_i$ and $\tilde{P}_{i+1}$. Let $Q$ be the pullback of $\tilde{Q}$ in $B$. Since $dim(B)=dim(C)=d-1$ and $C$ is catenary, equidimensional and $ht_C(\tilde{Q})=1$, we will have a chain of prime ideals
$$\tilde{Q}\subsetneq \tilde{Q_1}\subsetneq \cdots \subsetneq \tilde{Q}_{d-2}.$$Taking the pullback of this chain in $B$, we will have
$$Q\subsetneq Q_1\subsetneq \cdots \subsetneq Q_{d-2}.$$
Hence, $ht_B(Q)\leq 1$, i.e. $ht_B(P_i+P_{i+1})\leq 1$. This shows that the graph associated to $B$ is connected and completes the proof of Proposition 2.2 and Theorem 1.4.
\end{proof}

In conclusion, we give an application of our results to projective schemes over a field. For any projective scheme $X$ of dimension $d$ over a field $k$, we can write $X$ as $Proj(k[x_0,\cdots,x_n]/I)$ for some $n$ and $I$ homogeneous in $k[x_0,\cdots,x_n]$, i.e. we have an embedding $X\hookrightarrow \mathbb{P}^n_k$. Let $A$ denote the local ring $(k[x_0,\cdots,x_n]/I)_{(x_0,\cdots,x_n)}$. Since $A$ is a local ring containing a field, we can consider the Lyubeznik numbers of $A$.\par

Our Main Theorem provides some supporting evidence for a positive answer to the open question whether the Lyubeznik numbers of the above ring $A$, $\lambda_{i,j}(A)$, depend only on the integers $i$, $j$ and the scheme $X$ but are independent of the embedding $X\hookrightarrow \mathbb{P}^n_k$ \cite[p.133]{l2}. Indeed, we have the following theorem which is a direct consequence of our Main Theorem.
\newtheorem*{2.7}{\bf Theorem 2.7}
\begin{2.7}
Let $X$ be an arbitrary projective scheme of dimension $d$. Under some embedding $\iota: X\hookrightarrow \mathbb{P}^n_k$, we can write $X=Proj(R)$, where $R=k[x_0,\cdots,x_n]/I$ with some homogeneous ideal $I$ in the polynomial ring $k[x_0,\cdots,x_n]$. Let $A:=R_{(x_0,\cdots,x_n)}$. Then $\lambda_{d+1,d+1}(A)$ does not depend on the choice of $n$ and $I$, i.e., it does not depend on the embedding $\iota: X\hookrightarrow \mathbb{P}^n_k$. In other words, it is a numerical invariant on $X$. Indeed, let $k^{sep}$ be the separable closure of $k$ and let $X_1,\cdots,X_s$ be the $d$-dimensional irreducible components of $X\times_kk^{sep}$. Let $\Gamma_X$ be the graph on vertices $X_0,\cdots,X_s$ and $X_i$, $X_j$ are joined by an edge if and only if $dim(X_i\cap X_j)<d-1$. Then $\lambda_{d+1,d+1}(A)$ equals the number of connected components of $\Gamma_X$.
\end{2.7}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Dual diagnosis refers to people who are simultaneously wrestling with both substance abuse issues and a behavioral or mental issue. For instance, an addiction to opioids, Ambien or alcohol combined with personality disorders or depression. For these cases, a residential treatment center becomes even more desirable, incorporating quality inpatient therapy with support group aid, such as one might experience in Narcotics Anonymous. Luxury drug rehabs in Haviland, Ohio will provide excellent rehab services with upscale amenities for anyone requiring the very best drug rehab, just as Haviland alcohol rehab centers will help those battling alcohol to get sober.


text:
'use babel'

//const MyTableCellElement = require('./table-cell-element')
import Autocomplete from '../autocomplete/view'
import { CompositeDisposable, Emitter } from 'event-kit'

export default class TableElement {
  constructor (editor) {
    this.editor = editor
    this.table = atom.views.getView(this.editor)
    var self = this

    var startCellEdit = this.table.startCellEdit
    this.table.startCellEdit = function() {
      var ret = startCellEdit.apply(this, arguments)
      return ret;
    }

    var subscribeToCellTextEditor = this.table.subscribeToCellTextEditor
    this.table.subscribeToCellTextEditor = function() {
      self.afterSubscribeToCellTextEditor()
      var ret = subscribeToCellTextEditor.apply(this, arguments)
      return ret;
    }

    var stopEdit = this.table.stopEdit
    this.table.stopEdit = function() {
      var ret = stopEdit.apply(this, arguments)
      self.textEditorSubscriptions && self.textEditorSubscriptions.dispose()
      return ret;
    }

    var confirmCellEdit = self.table.confirmCellEdit
    this.table.confirmCellEdit = function() {
      var ret = confirmCellEdit.apply(this, arguments)
      //self.editor.displayTable.updateScreenRows()
      return ret;
    }

    // this.table.initCellsPool(MyTableCellElement, this.table.tableCells)
    // this.table.cellsClass = MyTableCellElement
    // console.log(this.table.cellsClass)
    // var createdCallback = this.table.createdCallback
    // this.table.createdCallback = function() {
    //   console.log(1)
    //   self.createdCallback()
    //   console.log(2)
    //   var ret = createdCallback.apply(this, arguments)
    //   return ret;
    // }

    return this.table
  }

  afterSubscribeToCellTextEditor () {
    this.textEditorSubscriptions = new CompositeDisposable()
    this.textEditorSubscriptions.add(atom.commands.add('tablr-editor atom-text-editor[mini]', {
      'core:confirm': (e => {
        this.table.moveDownInSelection()
        return false
      })
    }))

    // Autocomplete
    const autocomplete = new Autocomplete
    this.textEditorSubscriptions.add(autocomplete.onDidConfirmSelection(e => {
      console.log(e)
    }))

  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Josh Dylan is a British actor. He is best known for his role as Captain Adam Hunter in Allied (2016), as well as Young Bill in Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again (2018).

Career
Josh Dylan trained at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London. In 2017, Dylan starred in the Orange Tree Theatre's production of Sheppey, directed by Paul Miller and won the 2017 Off West End Award for Best Supporting Actor.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

Living people
People educated at Ardingly College
21st-century English male actors
English male film actors
Year of birth missing (living people)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Icelandic farm workers, 1772
In 1774, Uno von Troil wrote about how Icelanders were employed. They principally fish and take care of cattle.
In both summer and winter, they fish. When they return home after having cleaned their fish, they give them to their wives to dry them. During the winter, when the weather is so bad they can't fish, they take care of their sheep and cows and spin wool. In summer, the mow the grass, dig turf, collect fuel and search for their sheep and goats that have wandered away. They also butcher their cattle. They weave wadmal that they wash in urine. Wives tan leather. A few men work with gold and silver.
The women, he says prepare fish, take care of cattle, the milk and the wool, sew, spin and gather eggs and down.
The amount of work farm workers have to do is set out in local bylaws. A man has to mow an area of 30 fathoms square of manured soil (as would grow on a tún) of hay. That's a square of 180 feet. Or, if the land is not manured, then he has to scythe forty fathoms square, 240 feet to a side.
If he is not scything grass but digging turf, then he has to dig 700 pieces of turf eight feet long and three feet wide in a day.
If there is a snow fall and the snow piles up so it reaches the horses bellies (small Icelandic horses, remember, their bellies are close to the ground), he has to clear away snow from enough ground to feed a hundred sheep.
As for women, they have to rake as much hay as three men can scythe. That's a square 90 x 90 fathoms or 540 feet to a side. If a woman is weaving, she has to weave three yards of wadmal in a day.
The wages of man are four rigs dollars and twelve yards of wadmal. A woman gets two rigs dollars and five yards of wadmal.
When working men aren't needed at the haying and are sent to the coast to fish from the 25th of September to the 14th of May, the farmer is to supply them with six pounds of butter and 18 pounds of dried fish every week. Von Troil thinks this is quite generous but then points out that when they are at the farm, they can get milk, skyr, etc. and that is not available at the fishing stations. When they are at the farm, the working men are to be fed five pounds of dried fish and three quarters of a pound of butter each week.
A hundred years later when our ancestors were faced with one natural calamity after another, cold weather, volcanic eruptions, communicable diseases, and they saw that it was now possible, because of the English ships that came to buy sheep and horses, that they could leave, conditions had not changed much for the people working on the farms.
Someone writing in 1872 would have said the chief occupations of the Icelanders is fishing and taking care of their cattle. There were no forests, mines, cities. Iceland was still a country of farms with the wealthy farm owners doing everything possible through politics and control of the law, to keep society the same. Why wouldn't they? They had a supply of cheap labour. While the resources of the country were such that there was no wealthy aristocracy, descriptions of the well-to-do farmers show that they lived in comfort, that their children were educated, were given preference for positions in the civil service, the church and in business.
Given the scarcity of land, the poor wages that meant it was difficult to save enough money to buy even marginal land, the rules that restricted people from fishing more lucratively, it was no wonder that stories of land and opportunity were passed from farm to farm. If a man could scythe a field 180 feet square of manured hay in a day for someone else, he could scythe it for himself. If a woman could rake a square plot of hay 540 feet to a side in a day for a farm owner, she could rake it on her own farm just as well.
There was no way of creating more grazing land in Iceland. There were no opportunities for young people. Icelandic women, von Troil, says are very fertile, many have twelve or fifteen children. A farm could not be divided into twelve or fifteen plots. The eldest son might get the farm but that left a dozen brothers and sisters having to become indentured servants. This wasn't just a problem in Iceland. The same problem, although perhaps not so severe, existed in other countries. In an agrarian society, everything depends on ownership and control of land. There is only so much of it.
A hundred years would pass from the time of von Troil's visit until the emigration to North America began but little would change except, finally, the giving up of the Danish trade monopoly, the coming of the English and Scots with silver and gold that could be used to buy passage to the New World. The availability of ships that would take people to England and Scotland and others that would take them from there to North America. And, finally, the need of both the United States and Canada for settlers, a need that meant both governments and businesses such as the railways, would encourage and assist the emigration.
As a boy, I used a scythe but the most I scythed in a day was half a lot, 66 feet by 75 feet. It was hard work. To do it well, your body has to work like a machine, your arms and body swinging, not stopping until you need to take out a whetstone and sharpen the blade and that blade must be razor sharp. There is a skill to it.
It demands much of your arms, your back, your legs. It is mind-numbing like any repetitious physical job. Paintings of the noble workers scything and raking hay may look romantic, nostalgic, but there is nothing romantic or nostalgic about work that turns people into machines. In Canada, the settlers worked on farms at harvest time to earn cash. The work was brutal but, at least, they said, there was lots of food. They were paid in cash and there was lots of food. And they were already living on their own land.
This entry was posted in 1772, cattle point, farm workers, fishing, haying, sheep, Uno von Troil by william. Bookmark the permalink.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In an article titled "Farmers and Game" the February 2, 1933 issue of The Bossier Banner explained why it was necessary for farmers to post their property.
Another new idea that was being discussed for the first time was preparations for a produce market in Bossier Parish. This idea was presented in the January 26, 1933 issue of The Bossier Banner. A Bossier City candy store called The Flower Pot was to handle the farmers' produce.
Bossier Parish has had many "firsts." Find out more at the Bossier Parish Library Historical Center.


What do two-time world poker champ Doyle "Texas Dolly" Brunson, presidential-hopeful Rand Paul, and Fraternal Order of Police President Chuck Canterbury have in common? They've all come out against the so-called Restoration of America's Wire Act (RAWA), which would create a national prohibition on Internet gambling.
They are just three of the thousands of Americans who oppose a law that was written by and for the benefit of one casino owner: Sands Chairman Sheldon Adelson. RAWA is not only a threat to those who want the freedom to gamble online, but also to those who value personal liberty, consumer protections, and a limited federal government.
A two-time World Series of Poker champ, an inductee to the Poker Hall of Fame, and author of the poker bible, Texas Dolly is without question the most famous professional poker player alive. He regularly tweets using his handle @TexDolly, and on April 2, he posted a tweet to his 415,000 followers, requesting signatures for the White House petition, asking President Obama to veto RAWA should it land on his desk (add your signature here).
Despite being a bona fide legend—and approaching his 82nd birthday—Brunson has remained competitive with younger and more aggressive poker players, while keeping up with a shifting technological and political landscape. In 2004, he was one of the first poker celebs to set up his own online poker platform, Doyle's Room (though he is no longer involved). He certainly seems to have a better grasp of the current state of technology than 81-year-old Sheldon Adelson, who said his one- and three-year-old grandchildren can navigate an iPad better than he can.
Proponents of an online gambling ban argue that it is necessary to protect consumers from crime. But Chuck Canterbury, National President of the Fraternal Order of Police, disagrees. In a March 2014 opinion piece for The Hill, he argues that a national ban would do nothing to make citizens or officers safer and would only intensify participation in the online gambling black market, which has no oversight.
Not only does the black market for Internet gaming include no consumer protections, it also operates entirely offshore with unlicensed operators, drastically increasing the threat of identity theft, fraud or other criminal acts.
Canterbury also notes that a national ban would remove the protections instituted by the states that have chosen to legalize and regulate online gambling—Delaware, New Jersey, and Nevada. "Essentially, you are banning a well-regulated system, in favor of an unregulated, unprotected, black market," he writes.
These are only three voices, but their opinions are shared by the thousands of Americans who have signed onto the White House petition asking President Obama to veto RAWA. As the petition, notes, "RAWA benefits only certain large donors," violates the rights of states to regulate this form of intrastate commerce, and sets a dangerous precedent for Internet regulation. The petition has more than 4,000 signatures to date. The deadline to get 100,000 signatures in order for the White House to respond is Saturday, May 2.
State officials are also speaking out. The New Jersey Assembly has passed a resolution urging Congress to oppose RAWA, and Pennsylvania lawmakers are considering a similar resolution. Additionally, groups like the Democratic Governors Association, National Governors Association, and National Conference of State Legislators oppose RAWA.
The question is: will Congress listen to thousands of Americans or do the bidding of one extremely wealthy donor?
Do you have an opinion on the Internet gambling ban? Have your voice heard by signing the White House petition here.
Michelle Minton is the Competitive Enterprise Institute's fellow specializing in consumer policy, FDA regulation of non-pharmaceuticals, alcohol regulation, food and beverage regulation, and internet gambling. She has coauthored several studies, including topics like sin taxes and alcoholic beverage regulation. Minton's analyses have been published and cited by nationally respected news outlets like the Wall Street Journal and USA Today as well as industry blogs and publications. She regularly appears on radio programs, including "the G. Gordon Liddy Show" and "Thom Hartman Show," as well as international television programs.
Splash The Pot is an ongoing series of op-eds from various members of the poker community. For more information or to submit your own writing, send an email to editor@cardplayer.com.
It's simple.Poker players want online poker because that's where the fish swim.It's too tough to make a living in the card rooms because of parity often making variance the deciding factor. Politicians will be fine with it because they can tax it to death.Making it palatable to their constituents that don't gamble is the biggest challenge.At the moment there's little sentiment to move forward with legalization.Does anyone seriously think Governor Moonbeam won't veto any California poker legislation?


Welcome from Georgia. Congratulations on your new to you Roadster. Enjoy it and ride safe. Like several have already stated, there are many here with a wealth of knowledge and always willing to help.
Welcome to the forum. Beautiful Roadster.


text:
package org.mybatis.dynamic.sql.select;

import java.util.Optional;

public class PagingModel {

    private final Long limit;
    private final Long offset;
    private final Long fetchFirstRows;

    private PagingModel(Builder builder) {
        super();
        limit = builder.limit;
        offset = builder.offset;
        fetchFirstRows = builder.fetchFirstRows;
    }

    public Optional<Long> limit() {
        return Optional.ofNullable(limit);
    }

    public Optional<Long> offset() {
        return Optional.ofNullable(offset);
    }

    public Optional<Long> fetchFirstRows() {
        return Optional.ofNullable(fetchFirstRows);
    }

    public static class Builder {
        private Long limit;
        private Long offset;
        private Long fetchFirstRows;

        public Builder withLimit(Long limit) {
            this.limit = limit;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder withOffset(Long offset) {
            this.offset = offset;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder withFetchFirstRows(Long fetchFirstRows) {
            this.fetchFirstRows = fetchFirstRows;
            return this;
        }

        public PagingModel build() {
            return new PagingModel(this);
        }
    }
}


Business owners with at least a 500 credit score can qualify for a no collateral business loan and get funded fast. Get up to $250,000 for a bad credit business loan online.
Entrepreneurs and business owners with bad credit have few options for unsecured business credit cards. You may have to start with one designed for bad credit.


text:
Oracle Corporation [] ist ein US-amerikanischer Soft- und Hardwarehersteller mit Hauptsitz in Austin, Texas. Das Unternehmen ist spezialisiert auf die Entwicklung und Vermarktung von Computer-Hardware und -Software für Unternehmenskunden – insbesondere des Datenbanksystems Oracle Database.

Die Deutschlandzentrale ist in München. In Deutschland gibt es elf Geschäftsstellen. In der Schweiz hat das Unternehmen vier, in Österreich eine Niederlassung. Oracle produziert und vertreibt neben dem Datenbankprodukt Oracle Database die Oracle Fusion Middleware sowie die JEE-Server Oracle Application Server und Oracle WebLogic.

Im Markt für Unternehmenslösungen (Package Applications) ist Oracle mit Oracle Applications, E-Business Suite, Hyperion Performance Management, PeopleSoft Enterprise, JD Edwards EnterpriseOne, JD Edwards World und Siebel Systems vertreten.

Unternehmensgeschichte

In den 1970er Jahren ließ sich Lawrence J. Ellison (Larry Ellison) durch eine theoretische Arbeit von Edgar F. Codd über relationale Datenbanken inspirieren und versuchte, ein zu IBMs System R Database kompatibles System zu schaffen.

Larry Ellison, Bob Miner und Ed Oates gründeten im Juni 1977 das Unternehmen Software Development Laboratories (SDL). Hier entstand die erste Version des Datenbanksystems, welches den Namen Oracle erhielt. Die Datenbank wurde bis 1979 für die CIA entwickelt. Das Unternehmen wurde 1979 in Relational Software, Inc. (RSI) umbenannt und zog nach Menlo Park, Kalifornien. Eine Oracle-Datenbank, die auf einer PDP-11 lief, wurde an die Wright-Patterson Air Force Base verkauft. Das Unternehmen benannte das erste Produkt als Version 2, da es befürchtete, dass sich eine Version 1 schlecht verkauft. Der Firmengründer Larry Ellison hatte lange Zeit auch den Vorsitz der Firma inne, bis er sich im September 2014 in den Verwaltungsrat zurückzog.

Oracle V3 für VAX wurde im März 1983 veröffentlicht. Der Code wurde neu in C geschrieben. RSI benannte sich in Oracle um. Oracle V5.1 wurde 1986 veröffentlicht und war das erste Datenbanksystem, das verteilte Abfragen unterstützte. Das Unternehmen Oracle ging am 15. März 1986 an die Börse.

1993 erfolgte die Freigabe von Oracles Cooperative Development Environment (CDE) sowie die Einführung von Oracle Industries und Oracle Media Server. Das Hauptquartier von Oracle wechselte 1994 nach Redwood Shores. Das Unternehmen kaufte im gleichen Jahr das Datenbank-Produkt DEC Rdb (heute Oracle Rdb) von der Firma Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) und entwickelt es bis heute weiter. Oracle Rdb ist nur auf OpenVMS (ebenfalls ehem. DEC-Produkt – heute Hewlett-Packard) lauffähig. Oracle kaufte 1995 für 100 Millionen US-Dollar die OLAP-Produktlinie (Express Server) der Information Resources Inc. (IRI).

Im September 2005 kündigte Oracle die Übernahme von Siebel Systems, dem führenden Anbieter von Kundenmanagement-Standardsoftware, für rund 5,85 Milliarden US-Dollar an. Anfang 2006 erfolgte die Übernahme von Siebel Systems und den 5500 Mitarbeitern. Anfang November 2006 gab Oracle die Übernahme von Stellent, einem führenden Hersteller von Content-Management-Systemsoftware bekannt.

Die bislang größte Übernahme im Business-Intelligence-Markt geschah im März 2007, als Oracle Hyperion für 3,3 Milliarden US-Dollar kaufte. Zeitgleich reichte das Unternehmen in den USA eine Klage gegen den langjährigen Rivalen SAP wegen Urheberrechtsverletzung ein.

Es folgten weitere Übernahmen. Im Mai 2007 übernahm Oracle die US-Firma Agile Software Corporation für 495 Millionen US-Dollar (366 Mio. Euro), im Dezember 2007 Moniforce und im Januar 2008 BEA Systems für 8,5 Milliarden US-Dollar (5,71 Mrd. Euro). Im Oktober 2008 übernahm Oracle das Unternehmen Primavera Systems Inc., einen Anbieter von Project-Portfolio-Management-Lösungen (PPM).

Am 20. April 2009 gab Oracle bekannt, Sun Microsystems für 7,4 Milliarden US-Dollar übernehmen zu wollen. Das US-Justizministerium genehmigte die Übernahme im August 2009 ohne Restriktionen.
Die EU-Kommission genehmigte die Übernahme am 21. Januar 2010 durch Oracle ebenfalls ohne Auflagen.

Am 23. Juli 2009 übernahm Oracle das Unternehmen GoldenGate Software Inc., einen Anbieter von Lösungen für Real-Time Data Integration. Man verspricht sich von der Übernahme verbesserte Möglichkeiten zur Aufrechterhaltung von betriebswichtigen Anwendungen während der Phase von Upgrades und Migrationen.

Am 29. September 2009 übernahm Oracle das Unternehmen HyperRoll Inc., einen Hersteller von Finanz-Reporting-Lösungen. Oracle ist nun in Besitz von HyperRolls Data Performance Management Suite, welche die schnelle Erstellung von Finanz-Reportings ermöglicht.

Am 4. Januar 2010 übernahm Oracle das Unternehmen Silver Creek Systems Inc., einen Spezialist für Datenqualitätssicherungssysteme. Mit der Software von Silver Creek will Oracle die Produktdatenqualität in seinen Unternehmensanwendungen verbessern und es ermöglichen, Produktdaten über verschiedene Branchen hinweg zu managen.

Am 8. Februar 2010 übernahm Oracle das Unternehmen AmberPoint. Bei Amberpoint handelt es sich um einen SOA- und Softwarespezialisten, welcher Firmen wie Reuters, Bell, Motorola oder Best Buy zu seinen Kunden zählt. Oracle plant durch die Übernahme seine Fusion-Middleware weiter auszubauen.

Am 10. Februar 2010 übernahm Oracle das Unternehmen Convergin, ein Anbieter von J2EE-basierten Echtzeit-Vermittlungslösungen und Netzwerk-Integrationssoftware für die Kommunikationsindustrie. Die Integration der Convergin-Produkte in Oracles Kommunikations-Portfolio soll Kunden auf dem Weg zu vollkommenen IP-Netzwerken unterstützen und die Entwicklung von Pre-Paid- und Value-Added-Services der nächsten Generation vorantreiben.

Am 16. April 2010 übernahm Oracle das Unternehmen Phase Forward, ein auf Software im Gesundheitswesen spezialisiertes Unternehmen. Unter anderem setzen Krankenhäuser SaaS-Produkte des US-Anbieters für die Verwaltung von Patientendaten ein.

Am 2. November 2010 kündigte Oracle die Übernahme der Art Technology Group, eines auf E-Commerce spezialisierten Unternehmens, an. Am 23. November 2010 gewann Oracle 1,3 Mrd. $ durch das Verklagen der SAP – das größte Software-Piraterie-Urteil in der Geschichte.

Am 24. März 2011 kündigte Oracle an, dass das Geschäftsjahr 2011 3.Q der GAAP Gesamtumsatz um 37 % stieg auf 8,8 Milliarden US-Dollar, während der Nicht-GAAP-Gesamtumsatz um 36 % stieg auf 8,8 Milliarden US-Dollar. Im Oktober 2011 übernahm Oracle Corporations: RightNow Technologies Inc. für 1,5 Milliarden US-Dollar für stärkere Cloud-Dienste.

Am 9. Februar 2012 kündigte Oracle die Übernahme von Taleo an für $ 1,9 Mrd., um Talent-Management-Produkte und Dienstleistungen hinzuzufügen. Am 23. Mai 2012 kündigte Oracle die Übernahme von Social-Marketing-Plattform Vitrue an, für 300 Millionen US-Dollar. Am 10. Juli 2012 kündigte Oracle die Übernahme der sozialen Vermarkter Involver an.

Am 4. Februar 2013 kündigte Oracle an, dass sie zugestimmt hatte, Acme Packet zu kaufen. Am 25. März 2013 kündigte Oracle an, dass sie zugestimmt hatte, Tekelec zu kaufen. Am 2. Mai 2013 traf Oracle eine Vereinbarung mit Paradox Engineering, um an neuen Lösungen im smart city-Markt zu arbeiten. Am 9. Mai 2013 kündigte Oracle neue In-Memory-Anwendungen für Oracle JD Edwards EnterpriseOne, Oracle PeopleSoft, Oracle Siebel, Oracle E-Business Suite und Oracle Hyperion an.

Im Juni 2014 gab Oracle bekannt, Micros Systems für rund 5 Milliarden US-Dollar zu übernehmen. Im Dezember 2014 wurde bekannt, dass Oracle am deutschen Hauptsitz in München rund 170 Stellen im IT-Support abbauen will. Das wären fast acht Prozent der insgesamt mehr als 2200 Beschäftigten in Deutschland. Die Aufgaben sollen nach Rumänien ausgelagert werden.

Seit Juni 2017 ist Kenneth Johansen als Head of Technology Sales und sogenannter  (englisch für Landesführer oder [Landes]-Leiter) für das Deutschlandgeschäft von Oracle zuständig.

Am 18. Oktober 2019 verstarb Co-CEO Mark Hurd, der sich kurz zuvor aufgrund einer Erkrankung vom operativen Geschäft zurückgezogen hatte. Co-CEO Safra Catz und Larry Ellison als Gründer, CTO und Vorsitzender des Verwaltungsrates haben die Aufgaben übernommen, bis ein neuer CEO benannt wird. Für die mögliche Nachfolge wurden zunächst interne Kandidaten genannt, eine Entscheidung steht aber noch aus.

Im Dezember 2020 verlegte Ellison den Hauptsitz des Unternehmens von Redwood City, Kalifornien, nach Austin, Texas.

Produktstrategie des Unternehmens
Die Produktliste des Herstellers ist aufgrund der Übernahmen von PeopleSoft, Siebel Systems und anderen sehr lang.

Derzeit versucht Oracle, mit seiner E-Business Suite und der Collaboration Suite im Bereich ERP-Software bzw. Groupware Fuß zu fassen, in dem SAP (SAP ERP, R/3), Microsoft und IBM (Lotus) bereits etabliert sind. Ferner positioniert sich Oracle mit dem Oracle Application Server beziehungsweise dem Oracle WebLogic und zahlreichen Zusatzprodukten gegen IBM WebSphere und SAP NetWeaver im JEE-Bereich. Eine Ausweitung des Geschäftsfeldes scheint notwendig, weil der Markt für relationale Datenbanken weitgehend ausgereizt erscheint.

Oracle übernahm am 13. Dezember 2004 seinen langjährigen Rivalen PeopleSoft in einer feindlichen Übernahme für 10,3 Mrd. US-Dollar und stärkte damit seinen Bereich betriebswirtschaftliche Standardsoftware. Trotz der Übernahme liegt Oracle in diesem Bereich (22 % Marktanteil, Stand: 2004) hinter dem Konkurrenten SAP (40 % Marktanteil, Stand: 2004). Es ist derzeit noch offen, ob Oracle die vier ähnlichen Produkte (Oracle E-Business Suite, PeopleSoft, JD Edwards Enterprise One, JD Edwards World) erfolgreich zu einem Produkt verschmelzen kann. Unter dem Namen "Fusion" haben die Arbeiten an einer übergreifenden Produktplattform begonnen, die diese Angebote vereinen soll. Diese "Fusion Application Suite" soll 2008 auf dem Markt verfügbar sein.

Am 12. September 2005 verkündete Oracle, dass es den CRM-Anbieter Siebel Systems für 5,85 Milliarden US-Dollar übernehmen werde. Die Übernahme wurde im ersten Quartal 2006 abgeschlossen.

Im Oktober 2005 stellte Oracle eine für private und kommerzielle Nutzung kostenlose Datenbankversion unter dem Namen "10g Express Edition" vor.

Im Februar 2006 wurden Übernahmeangebote an die Open-Source-Unternehmen JBoss und MySQL bekannt, und nachdem JBoss von Red Hat gekauft wurde, erwägt Oracle nun, eine eigene von Redhat abgeleitete Distribution als zertifizierte Basis für Datenbankserver zu veröffentlichen. Dieser Schritt wurde mit der Ankündigung von Oracle Unbreakable Linux auf der Oracle Openworld im Oktober 2006 vollzogen.

Einer möglichen Übernahme von Novell, dem Besitzer von Suse Linux, erteilte Ellison eine Absage, weil das durch die Verflechtung von Novell mit IBM Oracle "bei einer Übernahme in eine sehr ungünstige Situation bringen würde". Seit 2006 bietet Oracle stattdessen unter dem Namen Oracle Linux eine eigene Linux-Distribution auf Basis von Red Hat Enterprise Linux an.

Mit der Übernahme von Sun Microsystems erweitert Oracle sein Produktportfolio neben Java, dem Unix-Betriebssystem Solaris, Linux-Technik, Entwicklungswerkzeugen sowie einer Open-Source-Datenbank außerdem um Server-Hardware (SPARC- und Sun-Server, SPARC-Prozessor (M7), Speicher), was das Unternehmen zu einem Komplettanbieter werden lässt. Das Unternehmen will so an die Erfolge von Apple und Cisco anknüpfen. Daneben könnte sich Oracle durch diese strategische Neuausrichtung auch zu einem ernsthaften Konkurrenten von Branchengrößen wie IBM und Hewlett-Packard entwickeln. Im Januar 2010 genehmigte die EU-Kommission die Übernahme für 7,4 Milliarden US-Dollar ohne Auflagen. Am 27. Januar 2010 wurde die Übernahme von Sun abgeschlossen.

Die Communitys einiger Open-Source-Projekte, die zuvor von Sun finanziert worden waren, bildeten ab dem Jahr 2011 Forks, um unabhängig von Oracle zu sein. Dazu zählen die Office-Suite LibreOffice (eine Abspaltung von OpenOffice.org) sowie der Continuous-Integration-Server Jenkins (ehemals Hudson).

Marketingstrategie des Unternehmens und Wettbewerb

Hauptkonkurrent im Marktsegment für Unternehmenslösungen ist SAP. Das Marktsegment Unternehmensberatung wird von Oracle derzeit (2006) nur wenig bedient, sondern insbesondere im ERP-Bereich über Partner (wie beispielsweise seit 1991 Accenture in Deutschland) abgewickelt – in diesem Bereich wird der Wettbewerb von IBM angeführt.

Im Marktsegment für relationale Datenbanken steht Oracle in Konkurrenz mit Open-Source-Datenbanken, z. B. PostgreSQL, und Anbietern kommerzieller Datenbank-Server-Lösungen wie Db2 und Microsoft SQL Server.

Oracle erwarb sich auch beträchtliche Marktanteile im Bereich der eingebetteten Datenbanksysteme durch die Übernahme von Sleepycat mit dem Produkt Berkeley DB.

Mit der Oracle Express Edition steht das Datenbank-Produkt Oracle Server unter gewissen Auflagen und Einschränkungen zur kostenlosen Benutzung zur Verfügung.

Mit dem Softwarehersteller SAS Institute ging Oracle vor Jahren eine Partnerschaft ein. Daraus entstand eine gemeinsam genutzte Lösung, bei der die SAS High-Performance Analytics Lösung auf dem Oracle System läuft. Durch diese Partnerschaft können sich die beiden IT-Konzerne dem Marktsegment Big Data widmen und versuchen, Big Data Probleme effizient zu lösen.

Seit Februar 2022 ist Oracle Titelsponsor von Red Bull Racing und ist somit im Namen des Rennstalls und auf dem Auto sehr präsent vertreten. Zuvor war Oracle bereits als Sponsor tätig und stellt seit Beginn der Partnerschaft die Cloudverarbeitung für das Team bereit.

Produkte

Technologie-Produkte
Die Oracle-Technology-Produktfamilie umfasst Oracle Datenbanken, Business-Intelligence-Technology-Produkte (wie BI SE, BI SE1, BI Suite EE plus usw.), Hyperion-BI-Technologie-Produkte, Application Server (AS), WebCenter (WCE), Identity Management (IdM), Werkzeuge, Collaboration-Produkte und Anwendungen.

Datenbanken

2004 gab Oracle Corporation das Release 10g ("g" steht für ) der Oracle Database frei. 2007 wurde die aktuelle Version 11g der Oracle Database Version veröffentlicht, im September 2009 folgte 11g (Release 2). Diese Version ist in vier Editionen verfügbar – Enterprise, Standard, Standard Edition One, Personal Edition – und eine kostenlose Edition (die Express Edition). Die Enterprise Edition (EE DB) ist die teuerste Database Edition. 2013 wurde die Version 12c ("c" für ) freigegeben.

Weitere Datenbank-Technologien:
 Berkeley DB bietet eine eingebettete Datenbank.
 Oracle Rdb, ein relationales Datenbanksystem, läuft auf OpenVMS -Plattformen. Oracle hat Rdb 1994 von Digital Equipment Corporation erworben und es bis weiterentwickelt.
 Oracle CODAYSL DBMS ist eine den CODASYL-Vorschlag unterstützende Datenbank für OpenVMS-Plattformen (s. Virtual Memory System).
 TimesTen verfügt über In-Memory-Datenbank-Operationen.
 Oracle Essbase setzt die Tradition der Hyperion Essbase multidimensionalen Datenbank-Management fort.
 MySQL, ein relationales Datenbank-Management-System verfügbar unter einem dualen Lizenzmodell aus GPL (General Public License) und einer kommerziellen Lizenz, die ursprünglich von MySQL AB entwickelt wurde.
 Oracle NoSQL Database, eine skalierbarere, verteilbarer-Schlüssel-Wert NoSQL-Datenbank

Oracle Enterprise Manager
Einige Datenbank-Administratoren (DBAs) verwenden Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM), um das DBMS zu verwalten. Mit Oracle Database Version 10g wurde eingeführt, dass Oracle Corporation eine webbasierte Rewrite von OEM (Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control) anbietet. Oracle hat den Super-Enterprise Manager verwendet, um ein Gitter aus mehreren DBMS und Application Servern wie Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control verwalten und synchronisieren zu können.

Oracle Secure Enterprise Search
Oracle Secure Enterprise Search (SES), Oracle Enterprise-Suche bietet Benutzern die Möglichkeit, Inhalte über mehrere Standorte hinweg zu suchen, einschließlich Websites, Dateiserver, Content-Management-Systeme, Enterprise-Resource-Planning-Systeme, Customer Relationship Management-Systeme, Business-Intelligence-Systeme.

Oracle Collaboration Suite
Oracle Collaboration Suite (OCS) enthält Messaging, Groupware- und Collaboration-Anwendungen. Oracle Beehive hat OCS abgelöst.

Oracle Beehive
Erschienen im Jahr 2008, bietet Oracle Beehive Team-Arbeitsbereiche (einschließlich Wikis, Kalenderfunktionen und File-Sharing), E-Mail, Kalender, Instant Messaging und Videokonferenzen auf einer einzigen Plattform. Kunden können Beehive als lizenzierte Software oder als Software as a Service (SaaS) benutzen.

Entwicklungssoftware
Oracle Corporation-Tools für die Entwicklung von Anwendungen:
 Oracle Designer
 Oracle Developer – die aus Oracle Forms, Oracle Discoverer und Oracle Reports besteht
 Oracle JDeveloper
 NetBeans
 Oracle Application Express (APEX)
 Oracle SQL Developer
 Oracle SQL Plus Worksheet
 OEPE, Oracle Enterprise Pack für Eclipse
Viele externe und Drittanbieter-Tools machen die Oracle Datenbankadministrator Aufgaben leichter.

Hardware
 Der Sun-Hardware-Bereich von Oracle Corporation
 Engineered Systeme: pre-engineered und vorkonfektionierte Hardware / Software-Bundles für den Einsatz in Unternehmen
 Exadata Database Machine – Hardware / Software mit integriertem Speicher
 Exalogic Elastic Cloud – Hardware / Software mit integriertem Anwendungsserver
 Oracle Database Appliance
 Big Data Appliance – integrierte Lösung für große Daten
 SPARC T4-4 SuperCluster – ein Allzwecksystem

Anwendungen
Oracle verkauft auch eine Reihe von Business-Anwendungen. Die Oracle E-Business Suite enthält Software, um verschiedene Funktionen im Zusammenhang mit Unternehmen durchzuführen, zum Beispiel Finanzen, Produktion, Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) und Human Resource Management. Die Oracle Retail Suite umfasst die Bereitstellung von Warenwirtschaft, Preismanagement, Rechnung Matching, Zuweisungen, Store Operations Management, Lagerverwaltung, Bedarfsprognosen, Waren Finanzplanung, Sortiment Planung und Kategorien Management. Benutzer können diese Einrichtungen durch eine Browser-Schnittstelle über das Internet zugreifen.

Oracle Corporation bietet diese Produktlinien an:
 Oracle Fusion Applications
 Oracle E-Business Suite
 PeopleSoft Enterprise
 Siebel Systems
 JD Edwards EnterpriseOne
 JD Edwards World
 Planung & Optimierung
 Store Operations (ehemals 360Commerce)
 Oracle VM VirtualBox

Die Entwicklung von Anwendungen erfolgt häufig in Java (mit Oracle JDeveloper) oder über PL / SQL (mit z. B. Oracle Forms und Oracle Reports / BIPublisher).

Anwendungen von Drittanbietern
Oracle Corporation arbeitet mit "Oracle Zertifizierten Partnern" zusammen, um seine gesamte Produkt-Palette zu erweitern.

Die Vielfalt der Anwendungen von Drittanbietern enthält Datenbank-Anwendungen für die Archivierung, Aufteilung und Kontrolle von ERP- und CRM-Systemen. Weitere Nischenprodukte bieten eine Reihe von kommerziellen Funktionen in den Bereichen Personal, Controlling und Governance, Risikomanagement und Compliance (GRC) an.

Anbieter sind:
 Acquire
 Hewlett-Packard
 HighJump Software
 Menschliche Konzepte
 Q Software Global Ltd, Sicherheits- und Compliance-Lösungen-Entwickler
 Solix Technologies
 UC4 Software
 Knoa Software

Für zahlreiche Produkte bietet Oracle im Rahmen der "Oracle University" Zertifizierungen wie Oracle Certified Professional (OCP) an, darunter den bekannten "Oracle Certified Professional Database Administrator" für das Oracle Database System.

Laut einer aktuellen Studie belegt "Oracle Hyperion" Platz 2 beim Business-Intelligence-Softwareumsatz in Deutschland mit 104 Mio. Euro Umsatz.

Management
 Larry Ellison, Executive Chairman of the Board und Chief Technical Officer
 Safra A. Catz, CEO
 Mark Hurd, CEO

Weblinks
 Oracle Deutschland
 Die Top20 Anbieter für BI-Software
 High-Performance Analytics

Einzelnachweise

Linux-Unternehmen
Softwarehersteller (Vereinigte Staaten)
Hardwarehersteller (Vereinigte Staaten)
Unternehmen (Redwood City)
Gegründet 1977
OGC-Mitglied
Produzierendes Unternehmen (Kalifornien)


text:
Q: Raising a number to a power; Repeating words import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class ZhangIDK
{
    public static void main (String[] args)
    {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner (System.in);
        System.out.println ("Please enter a number");
        int h = sc.nextInt();
        System.out.println ("Please enter another number");
        int i = sc.nextInt();
        System.out.println ("Please enter a string/word");
        String j = sc.nextLine();
        System.out.println ("Please enter a number");
        int k = sc.nextInt();
        average (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7);
        least (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);

    }

    public static void average (int a, int b, int c, int d, int e, int f, int g)
    {
        int y = a + b + c + d + e + f + g;
        y/=7;
        System.out.println (y);
    }

    public static void least (int q, int r, int s, int t, int u)
    {
        int Smallestnumber = 100;
        int number = 1;
        if (number < Smallestnumber)
        {
            Smallestnumber = number;
            number++;
        }
        System.out.println("The smallest number is" +Smallestnumber+ ".");
    }

    public static void power (int h, int i)
    {

    }

    public static void repeater (String j, int k)
    {

    }
}

In our programming class, we're learning about methods.  Our teacher assigned us this thing where in the first method, we found the average of 7 (pre declared) numbers, in the second method, we found the smallest number of 5 (pre declared) numbers.  In the third method, we have to use a scanner to input two numbers and the first number is raised to the power of the second number.  Ex: 5, 2; the program should output 25 (5^2).  And finally, in the fourth method, we have to use a scanner again and enter a string and a number and the program should output the string the amount of the times as the number.  Ex:Bill, 3; the computer would output, Bill  Bill  Bill.
I'm having trouble with the third and fourth methods. In my power method, when I enter, for example, 2 and 4, the program simply prints out the 2.  Also, when I try to do the fourth method, well thats flat out not working for some reason, though it looks like it should work fine.  One thing is that the part where its system.out.println the question "Please enter a work" and "Please enter a number" the two questions come together in one chunk so I have no way of entering a word.  Please HELP!

A: I don't think in a homework assignment it is allowed to use Math.pow here.
These two methods have something in common, that they are both capable of being implemented using a for loop
public static void power (int h, int i){
    int result = 1; //If i == 0 then h^i == 1

    for (int tmp=0; tmp<i; tmp++){
        result *= h
    }
    System.out.println(result);
}

public static void repeater (String j, int k){
    for(int tmp = 0; tmp<k; tmp++){
        System.out.print(j + " ");
    }
}

A: public static void power (int h, int i)
{
    System.out.println(Math.pow(h, i));
}

Math.pow() is a standard library function for raising a number to a power.
public static void repeater (String j, int k)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) System.out.println(j);
}

What this does is, for each value between 0 and k-1, print the string j.

A: public static void power(int h, int i){
            System.out.print(Math.pow(h, i));
        }

        public static void repeater(String name, int count){
            for(int i = 1; i<=count; i++){
                System.out.print(name+" ");
            }

In java, getting power of numbers have already been taking care of, instead of running a loop that multiplies the number by itself. to use the function you need to call the Math.pow
As you can see above, the Math.pow() takes to integer inputs(or double), the first input which is the main number and the second which is the power...
talking about the printing of strings repeatedly.. i am sure you must have done loops else i am not sure you would really understand what's going up dere...but it is very straight forward...there is nothing to explain there...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: How to get data from Backend in Angular I would like to get data from my backend.
My backend exposes some data at http://localhost:8000/packs (I can see the data when calling this URL in my browser).
I want to get it into my frontend. To do so, I have created a service just like this:
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';

@Injectable({
  providedIn: 'root'
})

export class UsuariosService {

  constructor(private http: HttpClient) { }

  get_packs(){
      console.log("realizando consulta...")
      return this.http.get("http://localhost:8000/packs");
  }
}

Then, In my component .ts, I do:
  getPacks():void  {
    this.usuarioService.get_packs().subscribe(
      res => {
        alert("Entrando en los paquetes")
      },
      err => {
        throw err;
      }
    );
  }

However, when I try it, I don´t get the alert that I have put there. Any idea why this is not working?

A: http.get returns an Observable. You can get rid of the promise part and write it as:
get_packs(){
    return this.http.get("http://localhost:8000/packs");
  }

and then call get_packs as:
        this.usuariosService.get_packs().subscribe((res) => {
                alert('your text');
            }, (err) => {
                //handle error
            }

Live example: https://stackblitz.com/edit/angular-ivy-a6k6ee?file=src/app/app.component.ts


Stay focused, keep it simple.
When one enters the White Racialist cause they seem to take the world on their shoulders. With so much information and so many things gone wrong, we get pulled into so many different directions we never stayed focused on one goal. With so many ideas and programs that we as racialists come up with it is hard to stay grounded with one. But we must. The sole purpose and point of being a Creator is to spread Creativity. To straighten out the white man's thinking.
We get caught up in theories of "White unity", programs to try to unite all these different pro white groups and work together for the same goal of fighting for our racial survival. I am here to tell you my brothers and sisters this horse has been beat to death. For over 50 years people have tried this and it has failed! This horse has been beat to the point to where there is nothing left but dust, yet many blindly keep beating their fists into the ground. Trying force relationships where it will never work and focusing too much attention on the unnecessary.
This will bring me to another point, over educating oneself. Yes, I said that and yes that is a real thing. I find many people pump too much information into their system. Over loading themselves and pulling their mind and focus into so many directions it gets frayed. That is why many get burnt out and frustrated. In a time of war it is not the student, nor the philosopher who wins or even fights in the battle. It is the soldier, the person who stays focused on his task at hand who makes accomplishments. Are we going to stay at study while the world crumbles around us?
I could go on and on about this my brethren, making multiple points and pointing out hypocrisies and fallacies within our actions but that would be redundant and pointless as what I am criticizing. But instead I will get straight to the point. Your duty as a Creator is to spread Creativity. Period! To awaken as many NEW people to the truths we have discovered. To bring as many new people into our world. I deal with people every day who come to me with new ideas and as much as I appreciate the innovation don't try a new idea until the one you started on already failed.
How many times have we seen people join up with TCM and already feel an entitlement of being a commander and talking as we should listen to them when they have never succeeded in the ideas they profess we should implement. When one starts a job he starts at the bottom and works his way up, earning raises and promotions based on their successes as they go. Why is this mentality missing from our people when it comes to the fight for our race? That is a question I have yet discovered the answer for. However to those reading this take that into consideration when entering this field. A true Creator makes his own way, he earns his accolades and honors. Like the soldier I mention before stay focused on your task and your task is to spread Creativity!
Keep it simple. Do not over burden yourself with fancy tricks or schemes to get people to read our literature. Use the most powerful tool you have, pure blunt truth! Let the sheer mass of our creed suffocate and nay Sayers. Map out your areas and strategically hit areas that have potential and avoid those that do not. Keep the message local and with a point that effects people on a personal level. Be available to answer questions if they have them, or if worried about being ostracized in your community. USE ME! That is what the HQ is for. If you have already hit an area once, hit it again with another message. Keep hitting it, changing the message up with something that works until you either hit a nerve or they break down from their fear. And yes that is simple. If you need ideas for different messages ask one of us. TCM staff is more than willing to aid those that are spreading the message.
Stay away from drama. This is very important as this movement is filled with it. It is the job of our enemy and those that seek for us to fail to distract us from our task. I find one of the biggest frustrations that I deal with on a daily basis personally and others do as well is the social dramas and baggage people bring into this cause with them. This has absolutely nothing to do with what true believers are in this for but yet we have all experienced it. This person doesn't like this person and this person is talking about this person. Let me ask you this: What does that have to do with spreading Creativity? I have been just as guilty in this, letting what people say upset me to the point that I get over emotional and react in times in a detrimental way towards our goal. We must avoid this.
Understand our enemies both internal and external seek to undermine us in every way. By distracting us, turning us against one another and defaming us. This will NEVER stop until we win. It comes with the territory, part of the job unfortunately. All we can do is deal with it as it comes and stay methodically focused on our goals. PME Hale told me he considers no White Racialist his enemy. I wish I could be as noble. But that is why he is the Pontifex and I am the Praetorian. It is my job to remain paranoid and ever watchful for those that seek to under mind us at every pass. I consider all those that seek to under mind us, even at the smallest level my enemy. No matter what "badge" they hide behind a racialist badge, a police badge or a badge of false unity. I put the all in the same category. As is my bane, but I do so, so you my comrades do not. As I have dealt with it for many years, I do not consider myself a martyr for doing it, I just find I can deal with it better than others have.
Anyway that is why I reach out to you my comrades. To tell you to stay focused on the task of spreading Creativity, we always need fresh blood, we always need new people. For without it we remain stale and once again will lose focus. Recruit, Recruit, Recruit! This is the Creators never ending task. But a task we have been failing on as of late. Let's get back to it and together we will win this Racial Holy War.
Toronto Sun columnist Ezra Levant is reportedly being investigated by Toronto Police.
Ezra Levant is being investigated because he had an on air "rant that likened Gypsies to swindlers"
As this is a Police investigation Ezra Lavants Canadian Constitutional rights will have to be respected, at least I hope they will. I think the Roma group that filed the complaint would have had more luck if they complained to the Human Rights Commission instead of the police as the HRC is not restrained by the Constitution.
The reason for my interest in this case is due to the fact that Ezra Levant is Jewish. Most of the victims of the "Human Rights Commission" are White Racial Loyalists and do not win their cases, they do not get the media coverage or media sympathy that Ezra gets. When Ezra is not charged by the police as I predict, it will be another small victory for free speech. Will this help the likes of Marc Lemire, Terry Tremaine, Brad Love or the more recent victim of the HRC, Arthur Topham? They will still not get the media coverage or sympathy, but when more Jews start getting charged with "Hate speech" it probably wont be long until the hate speech laws are abolished.
Another Win for Terry Tremaine?
For the second time this year a charge brought against Mr. Tremaine by chronic complainer Richard Warman has been stayed by a Saskatchewan Court. Another win for Mr Tremaine? Not in my opinion, he lost his job, he lost any hope of earning a living in his line of work due to an unreasonable internet ban, spent years and lots of money fighting these absurd charges. So while yes it is a win so to speak for Mr. Tremaine, considering what he has lost, it would seem to be no more than a halting of the stone throwing. I have spoken to Americans about Mr. Tremaines persecution here in Canada and they are astonished by the lack of free speech rights we have. I have responded that we do in fact have a very similar free speech Constitutional right, at least in writing.
I tried to explain that we have this " Human Rights Commission" and they can somehow supersede the Constitutional rights of Canadians and impose their own punishment based on their interpretation of what is "hate speech" I also tried to explain that the truth can not be used as a defence against the Commissions charges of promoting "hate"
To our American Brothers please note once again that we have almost the same Constitutional rights that you have also once again "at least in writing." These rights can be taken away from you very quickly if your not vigilante in protecting them, you can use Canada as a prime example of what happens when you let them slip away.
A win for Mr. Tremaine in my opinion would only come if he were to be awarded a very large sum of money and was issued a public apology by the "Human Rights Commission" and Richard Warman for the severe violations of his Constitutional rights.
Fellow Creators and other Racial Loyalists, there seems to be a word missing from our routine vocabulary, a word the we must start hearing, seeing, and living far more often if we are to have a real chance at prevailing in our struggle for the salvation of our people. We hear a lot of talk about "Jews" but that is not the word I am talking about. We hear a lot of talk about "believing" in this or that but I am not talking about that either. Indeed, we could talk about Jews and our beliefs (usually to ourselves, unfortunately) until we are blue in the face but all of the power our foes have arrayed against us would likely continue without much diminishment at all. What word then am I talking about? More importantly, what kind of QUALITY bound up with that word needs to become more prevalent in our great Cause if we are to have a real likelihood of reversing the present state of affairs? The word and quality is EXCELLENCE, my brethren, the idea of not just doing what we do but excelling at it; the idea of not just believing that the genocide of our White Race should be stopped but that we ourselves be EXCELLENT people. Mediocrity will not get us the massive social change that we seek. Merely believing will not get us the massive social change that we seek. Fantasizing will not get us the massive social change that we seek. Rather, we Racial Loyalists must show the white masses whom we seek to win that we are EXCELLENT people, that we are NOT what the controlled media makes us out to be, that we are NOT ignorant, vicious, deranged louts but are instead, cultured, and well-grounded men and women who deserve the respect and indeed admiration of all whom we meet. When the masses see that we are indeed excellent people – and of course see us OFTEN as I have always espoused – doubt will be aroused in them that our Cause could really be as bad as they have been led to believe. And even more importantly, when we strive for excellence in everything we do and as a personal resolve of our character, we will accomplish much more of what we set out to do. Our great Founder Ben Klassen taught that our White Race is the elite of Natures realm, symbolizing that teaching in our crown of our symbol. What I am proposing and espousing here is that we Creators, Racial Loyalists in general, also strive to be the elite WITHIN that elite, that we strive to be EXCELLENT in all things at all time.
Many, or perhaps of all of you, know my own story. Maybe you have seen my speeches on Youtube. Maybe you have read my writings. Maybe you have seen some of my interviews with the news media those years ago before I was physically taken away from you. It is the theme of being committed to excellence that I sought to imbue in everything I said and did. I was not enough for me to just stand in front of people and talk. It was not enough for me just to express my thoughts on a piece of paper. Nor was it enough for me to simply go in front of a camera and a high voltage light. Rather, I was I was devoted to everything I did for our great Cause EXCELLENTLY. If I was going to speak, I was going to MOVE my listeners. If I was going to write, I was going to write WELL and with POWER. And if I was going to spar with our opponents on live television, I was going to DEFEAT them in debate. Not only that but I was going to LOOK excellent. I was, in short, going to be everything that the controlled media said Racial Loyalists were not, that we DO know how to talk, that we DO know how to write, and that we DO know how to get our beliefs across with skill, confidence, articulation, and yes, a little haughtiness to boot! I believe I succeeded in that regard but I was, and am, only one man. How much more successful would we be if all us were committed, and consciously so, to excellence?
There is nothing I did that you could not do too. If I was to show you my first speech on videotape from February 1990, I assure you that you would not be impressed and you would even be less so of my first television debate from that time. No, my brethren, what excellence I possess was not handed to me as a gift; rather, I had to work at it. I had to work, and work hard, over the succeeding weeks, months and years to improve myself. I was just an 18 year old kid nervous beyond belief but I was resolved to break my fear of public speaking and did. And once that fear broke, I could work to be excellent at it. And I STILL work to be excellent elsewhere because we can always improve ourselves and should. Even In this prison cell I try to make myself better. Can you imagine then how much I want you, my Brothers and Sisters, to do the same? It is not enough for us to say that the White Race is superior. We must rather be superior ourselves! It is not enough for us to attack the idea of "equality". We must rather be QUALITY individuals; living proof "equality" is indeed a myth! Our great Founder told us to "Dare to be great!" and he was not talking about a hope or a wish rather a commitment to excellence as individual members of our race. It is the commitment that should never leave us no matter our age and no matter our circumstances.
Whatever we do we should do to the best of our ability. We should not be satisfied with "just getting by" in anything. When it comes to our Cause specifically, is it not the case that our foes of all of the power? Therefore our only option is to be BETTER than them, to CARE more than them, to strive HARDER than them thus to EXCEL them. Mere belief is not enough; we must, rather, be resolved to win. What I want to see is all Creators, all Racial Loyalists, striving for excellence in everything you do. I want to see an end to mere window dressing and "going thru the motions". I want to see an end to all mere believing but no acting and acting but little acting well! As you go about your days, be people who are not only worthy of respect but also esteem from everyone, including or foes. Carry yourselves as men and women committed to excellence; let the mere sight of you convey that impression to all.
Rev Hale needs your support!
It is imperative that we make up for the lack of family money with the money of my supporters. Thank you, my Brethren.


You are here: Home / Property / When Is The Best Time To Buy Your First Home?
When Is The Best Time To Buy Your First Home?
This is a question that so many people ask time and time again.
You can listen to the media, Mum, Dad or friends down the pub and they'll have a different opinion.
The fact of the matter is that there is no right or wrong answer to this question.
The right time to buy a home is when you are ready to do so. This is different for each person, so you will have to make your own mind up.
But luckily, there are a few things that you can look at if you are thinking about buying a home.
They may not point you in the right direction, but they should at least be able to get you thinking about the decision that you are about to make.
One thing to remember is that it is not the right time to buy a home if you don't think you'll be able to afford it.
No matter what the scheme no depositt, low deposit or a traditional buy you'll need to work out your finances first.
So many people get excited about buying a home that they forget about the costs that are associated with it.
Not only do you have to buy the home itself, but then you have to pay the bills associated with it.
While this is something that you may be able to handle eventually, if you do not have the money now you should not even think about buying a home.
Additionally, you should only buy a home that you are sure about. Are you wondering what this means?
Generally speaking, since there are so many homes to choose from you may have a tough time making a decision as to which one is right for you. If you want to buy a home you have to take your time when searching for the right one.
Getting so excited that you buy something that does not suit your needs is never a good idea. Instead, you should only buy a home that you are 100 percent sure about.
Remember, this may very well be the largest purchase that you ever make. If you do not take your time you could end up with a large mistake on your hands.
All in all, the right time to buy a home is when you are ready. This is different for each buyer, so make sure that you take your time and listen to what you know best.
Follow these tips and you should buy at the right time.


It`s rare to find a police officer as well-liked by children as Skokie Police Officer Cesar Velazquez.
About 45 children and their parents brought their case to the Skokie Village Board on Monday night. Student representatives presented the board with petitions with nearly 400 signatures calling for Officer Chico`s return. Seven students pleaded with the board to reconsider the officer`s transfer to patrol duty.
''We all trust him and respect him,'' said Tamara Neuberger, another Old Orchard 8th grader.
But Skokie Mayor Jacqueline Gorell told the children that the Village Board has no authority to direct the police chief or the village manager to reassign Velazquez to the D.A.R.E. program.
Village Manager Albert Rigoni said he would review the transfer with Police Chief William Miller, but said he would not guarantee that Velazquez would be reassigned to D.A.R.E.
The students and some of the parents believe that there is more to the transfer than village officials are saying.
''From time to time, we all get rotated into new assignments,'' said Sgt. Roger Garcia, the police department`s public information officer. But, he said, this is the first time in his 20 years on the force that a routine rotation of police assignments has created such a stir.
Garcia, who has been public information officer for about a year, said that even he will be transferred back to a patrol assignment eventually.
D.A.R.E. is a 17-week program used in many Illinois communities. Officers undergo a 14-day state training program before they go into the schools. In the program, students are advised about self-esteem, alternatives to drug use and the consequences of drugs and given information on gangs.
Garcia said that Velazquez, who has been with D.A.R.E. since its inception four years ago, wants to stay with the program. ''But then, we don`t always get what we want,'' he said.
Efforts to reach Velazquez for comment Tuesday were unsuccessful.


text:
Never, never, never, on cross-examination ask a witness a question you don't already know the answer to, was a tenet I absorbed with my baby-food.
Folks were doin' a lot of runnin' that night
When the three of us came to her house, Atticus would sweep off his hat, wave gallantly to her and say, Good evening, Mrs. Dubose! You look like a picture this evening. I never heard Atticus say like a picture of what. He would tell her the courthouse news, and would say he hoped with all his heart she'd have a good day tomorrow. He would return his hat to his head, swing me to his shoulders in her very presence, and we would go home in the twilight. It was times like these when I thought my father, who hated guns and had never been to any wars, was the bravest man who ever lived.
Shoulder up, I reeled around to face Boo Radley and his bloody fangs; instead, I saw Dill ringing the bell with all his might in Atticus's face.
Well how do you know we ain't Negroes?Uncle Jack Finch says we really don't know. He says as far as he can trace back the Finches we ain't, but for all he knows we mighta come straight out of Ethiopia durin' the Old Testament.Well if we came out durin' the Old Testament it's too long ago to matter.That's what I thought, said Jem, but around here once you have a drop of Negro blood, that makes you all black.
To Kill a Mockingbird Scout Finch
See there, Heck? Thank you from the bottom of my heart, but I don't want my boy starting out with something like this over his head. Best way to clear the air is to have it all out in the open. Let the county come and bring sandwiches. I don't want him growing up with a whisper about him, I don't want anybody saying, 'Jem Finch . . . his daddy paid a mint to get him out of that.' Sooner we get this over with the better. Mr. Finch, Mr. Tate said stolidly, Bob Ewell fell on his knife. He killed himself.
Hey, Mr. Cunningham. How's your entailment gettin' along?
Yeah, that's all," said Dill. "He'll probably come out after you when he sees you in the yard, then Scout'n' me'll jump on him and hold him down till we can tell him we ain't gonna hurt him.
Calpurnia evidently remembered a rainy Sunday when we were both fatherless and teacherless. Let to its own devices, the class tied Eunice Ann Simpson to a chair and placed her in the furnace room. We forgot her, trooped upstairs to church, and were listening quietly to the sermon when a dreadful banging issued from the radiator pipes, persisting until someone investigated and brought forth Eunice Ann saying she didn't want to play Shadrach any more - Jem Finch said she wouldn't get burnt if she had enough faith, but it was hot down there.
Miss Maudie's hand closed tightly on mine, and I said nothing. Its warmth was enough.
I think I'll be a clown when I get grown," said Dill. "Yes, sir, a clown... There ain't one thing in this world I can do about folks except laugh, so I'm gonna join the circus and laugh my head off.
With him, life was routine; without him, life was unbearable. I stayed miserable for two days.
Well, it'd be sort of like shootin' a mockingbird wouldn't it?
Jem was a born hero.
But things are always better in the morning.
Well, coming out of the courthouse that night Miss Gates was-she goin' down the steps in front of us, you musta not seen her- she was talking with Miss Stephen Crawford. I heard her say it's time somebody taught 'em a lesson, they were gettin' way above themselves, an' the next thing they think they can do is marry us. Jem, how can you hate Hitler so bad an' then turn around and be ugly about folks right at home-
What happened after that had a dreamlike quality: in a dream I saw the jury return, moving like underwater swimmers, and Judge Taylor's voice came from far away, and was tiny. I saw something only a lawyer's child could be expected to see, could be expected to watch for, and it was like watching Atticus walk into the street, raise a rifle to his shoulder and pull the trigger, but watching all the time knowing that the gun was empty.
One time I asked her to have a chew and she said no thanks, that - chewing gum cleaved to her palate and rendered her speechless," said Jem carefully. "Doesn't that sound nice?
A boy trudged down the sidewalk dragging a fishing pole behind him. A man stood waiting with his hands on his hips. Summertime, and his children played in the front yard with their friend, enacting a strange little drama of their own invention. It was fall, and his children fought on the sidewalk in front of Mrs. Dubose's. . . . Fall, and his children trotted to and fro around the corner, the day's woes and triumphs on their faces. They stopped at an oak tree, delighted, puzzled, apprehensive. Winter, and his children shivered at the front gate, silhouetted against a blazing house. Winter, and a man walked into the street, dropped his glasses, and shot a dog. Summer, and he watched his children's heart break. Autumn again, and Boo's children needed him. Atticus was right. One time he said you never really know a man until you stand in his shoes and walk around in them. Just standing on the Radley porch was enough.
To Kill a Mockingbird Charles Baker "Dill" Harris
When a child asks you something, answer him, for goodness' sake. But don't make a production of it.
There are just some kind of men who—who're so busy worrying about the next world they've never learned to live in this one, and you can look down the street and see the results.
I must have slept a long time, for when I was punched awake the room was dim with the light of the setting moon. "Move over, Scout." "He thought he had to." I mumbled. "Don't stay mad with him." Dill got in bed beside me. "I ain't," he said. "I just wanted to sleep with you.
لا يمكنك أن تفهمي شخصا ما بالفعل حتى تنظري إلى الأمور بمنظاره هو! وحتى تلبسي جلده وتتجولي به!"/ أتيكوس
You aren't thin-hided, it just makes you sick, doesn't it?
I found myself wondering what life would be if Jem were different, even from what he was now; what I would do if Atticus did not feel the necessity of my presence, help and advice. Why, he couldn't get along a day without me. Even Calpurnia couldn't get along unless I was there. They needed me.
I don't care one speck. It ain't right, somehow it ain't right to do 'em that way. Hasn't anybody got any business talkin' like that- it just makes me sick.
We can't always have our druthers.
That's what I thought, too when I was your age. If there's just one kind of folks, why can't they get along with each other? If they're all alike, why do they go out of their way to despise each other?
I was proceeding on the dim theory, aside from the innate attractiveness of such words, that if Atticus discovered I had picked them up at school he wouldn't make me go.
Jack: Atticus, you've never laid a hand on her.Atticus: I admit that. So far I've been able to get by with threats. Jack, she minds me as well as she can. Doesn't come up to scratch half the time, but she tries.Jack: That's not the answer.Atticus: No, the answer is she knows I know she tries. That's what makes the difference.
Shoot all the bluejays you want, if you can hit 'em, but remember it's a sin to kill a mockingbird.
Мужество - это когда заранее знаешь, что ты проиграл, и всё-таки берёшься за дело и наперекор всему на свете идёшь до конца. Побеждаешь очень редко, но иногда всё-таки побеждаешь.(Аттикус Финч - Джиму Финчу)
I thought she was going to spit in it, which was the only reason anybody in Maycomb held out his hand: it was a time-honored method of sealing oral contracts. Wondering what bargain we had made, I turned to the class for an answer, but the class looked back at me in puzzlement.
If we followed our feelings all the time, we'd be like cats chasin' their tails.
Thought you could kill my Snow-on-the-Mountain, did you? Well, Jessie says that the top's growing back out. Next time you'll know how to do it right, won't you? You'll pull it up by the roots, won't you?
One does not love breathing.
You don't have to learn much out of books, it's like if you want to learn about cows, you go milk one.
Then Mr. Underwood's meaning became clear: Atticus had used every tool available to free men to save Tom Robinson, but in the secret courts of men's hearts Atticus had no case.
Tidak Jem, kukira hanya ada satu jenis manusia. Manusia.(Jem) Pikirku juga begitu, saat aku seusiamu. Kalau hanya ada satu jenis manusia, mengapa mereka tidak bisa rukun? Kalau mereka semua sama, mengapa mereka merepotkan diri untuk saling membenci?
I willed myself to stay awake, but the rain was so soft and the room was so warm and his voice was so deep and his knee was so snug that I slept.
There are just some kind of men who're so busy worrying about the next world they've never learned to live in this one, and you can look down the street and see the results.
He said I was the only girl he would ever love, then he neglected me. I beat him up, but it did no good.
Clowns are sad, it's folks that laugh at them
Until I feared I would loose it, I never loved to read. One does not love breathing.
The gum looked fresh. I sniffed it and it smelled all right. I licked it and waited for a while. When I did not die, I crammed it into my mouth: Wrigley's Double Mint.
My Lord, Aunt Stephanie, you almost gave me a heart attack!
He would be there all night, and he would be there when Jem waked up in the morning.
You know the truth, and the truth is this: some Negroes lie, some Negroes are immoral, some Negro men are not to be trusted around women—black or white. But this is a truth that applies to the human race and to no particular race of men.
Atticus sometimes said that one way to tell whether a witness was lying or telling the truth was to listen rather than watch.


This has been a long time coming so here we go . Sorry for the delay been working like a dog lately trying to save up for my next adventure :) We were going to Chile to help them promote the game of hockey as they had just built their new arena there way down south in Punta Arenas ... way way way south , the flight was like forever LOL . I was put in touch online with a fella named Alejandro Trabas aka Bon Jovi . When we acquainted ourselves i suggested he put together a tournament and that he did plus so much more . We were told the mayor and the city would be fully involved and they came through with flying colours from the second we landed . Our chariots were waiting for us with city workers and the mayors assistant . Before i go any further into this and i may do this a few times , i would like to thank the City of Punta Arenas , Chile and Emilio Bocazzi for the unbelievable stuff they did for me and my friends .
We did not meet the Mayor on our first night but we were totally amazed at where he put us to stay :) We were guests of the mayor at Hotel Casino Dreams . When we arrived there we were told we just had enough time to drop our bags as we had to get to the arena for our first skate . This was the moment of truth ! The arena is called Pista Cool Center and it is in a duty free area as Punta Arenas is a huge port city ... i have personally never been or seen such a big duty free area , its not just 1 building hahaha . The name of the duty free area is called Zona Franca , i wish i had more time to go shopping there ( maybe next year ) . Punta Arenas is not exactly in a warm area of Chile , don't be fooled this is way down near Antarctica !!!
We got to the rink , it was small but good enough for 3 on 3 hockey . The ice looked a bit rough but generally the conditions were much better then the other rinks we had encountered in South America ... the fact that it is a cold climate helps . The rink is not even a year old but you could tell they have a tough time maintaining the corners and they could use some glass above the boards . This is also why we are here as we really want to help Alejandro and the other guys we met there ... mainly getting people interested in the sport and getting that interest to translate into them getting better equipment , better facilities and hopefully some day a bigger rink . All the guys there were so happy to meet us and we could already feel as though we were going to receive the celebrity treatment . Alejandro told me to be ready but for this we were not prepared as the guys were so helpful from the start , these guys really want to learn and really want to make this sport stronger in their community . There is some real passion and i could tell before i even got on the ice with them .
They are lacking dressing room facilities but this is normal when travelling to unconventional hockey countries , at least they have 2 rooms that can be called changing areas . We got our gear into the room and got dressed and ready to skate , obviously i knew that most of the guys had only been playing for a max of 1 year and that we would have to help these guys get better in preparation of our trip to Ushuaia as we will become members of the first Chilean hockey team to travel to an tournament outside of Chile , first thing is first though ... we were in Chile for this monumental tournament there also and there was so much to happen that i , you , or the other guys would never have guessed would happen .
Day 2 saw us going out to watch some inline hockey . I have never actually watched a live game and this game was for the championship ... i think it was game 1 of a best of 3 series . The place where they hold the games is called Peru Beach , pretty cool set up right beside the water with shopping area not too far and an actual beach with some food vendors . We watched most of the game with our buddy Alejo ... too bad we didn't get to watch Ashby play as we picked him up for his game too . we had to leave to go skate on the ice :) it was on the opposite end of city though . Alejo i gotta say bud you friggin rock for doing all that driving to show us around , thanks boludo !
So as you see above , i did go to the rink to play ... unfortunately i did not bring my own gear as i had a flight like 6 hours after and didn't want my gear to be wet and was told there would be gear for me at the rink . Well there was gear at the rink , but it did not fit :( so i watched Andi skate there and trust me that sucked as this rink was different . Alpina Skate (name of rink ) is in a friggin bar !!!! no joke , we almost walked by it on the road as we were looking for an arena LOL . we were told to go inside this bar and way at the back of the bar was the ice pad ... its unreal . Funny as i got undressed i thought this isn't the first time i have been naked in a bar HAHAHA . Of course this rink had its own version of a zamboni as seen above .


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