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Types Of Encoder
And configurable input/outputs for connecting exterior units, similar to sensors, relays and audio system make it possible to activate lights, open or shut doors and set off sound in response to occasions. Encoders also let customers view stay video using video management software program or a web browser on any pc in a community. Figure 1 reveals the basic elements of a rotary encoder, which consists of a lightweight-emitting diode (LED), a disk, and a light detector on the alternative aspect of the disk. The disk, which is mounted on the rotating shaft, has patterns of opaque and transparent sectors coded into the disk. As the disk rotates, the opaque segments block the sunshine and, the place the glass is clear, mild is allowed to cross. Absolute rotary encoders are finest where accuracy for both speed and position is required and fail tolerance is required. Compare this to one of many more rugged Dynapar optical rotary encoders (the Danaher ACURO Drive-M collection), which is rated for shock of a hundred g and vibration of 10 g from 10 to 2000 Hz. Heavy magnetostrictive incremental units can be found that may stand vibration of 18 g. Available in SSI, Analog Voltage, or Analog Current Output, AMCI's ME15 sequence of magnetic rotary encoders are ideal for worth sensitive purposes, the place shock, vibration and/or contaminants are present. Encoders are used wherever lengths, positions, rotational speeds, and angles have to be recorded. They can thus be divided into incremental and absolute variations.We can typically provide you with all of the encoders in both shaft and hole shaft models. Incremental rotary encoders output a stream of ubiquitous pulses over 360 levels of rotation, hence the time period pulses per revolution of PPR. Incremental rotary encoders can have one channel output (A), two channel output (AB, generally known as quadrature) in addition to an optional index channel (Z). In the joints of machine instruments and industrial robots, quite a few motors are used to precisely control their operations. To accurately detect the rotation angle of those motors, optical rotary encoders are widely used. Hamamatsu manufacturers Si photodiodes, photograph ICs, LEDs, and so forth which might be suitable for such encoders and also provides customization of these devices. AMCI presents a line of magnetic rotary encoders, designed with the same guiding principle - DURABILITY. Once every rotation, the Z sign is asserted, usually always at the similar angle, until the following AB state change. This is commonly used in radar systems and different applications that require a registration signal when the encoder shaft is situated at a particular reference angle. A rotary encoder, additionally called a shaft encoder, is an electro-mechanical gadget that converts the angular place or movement of a shaft or axle to analog or digital output alerts. Linear encoders are essentially transducers that measure the distance between two factors, generally employing a cable (longer distances) or a small rod (shorter distances). In these circumstances, a cable is run between the encoder transducer and the moving object. While it takes a reasonably powerful optical encoder to survive at a hundred and twenty潞C or more (and temperatures that top are likely to shorten the life of the electronics contained in the encoder), resolvers can be found that may operate at 220潞C. The rotor can be excited utilizing a rotary transformer, which means there are not any brushes, so the resolver's lifetime is restricted solely by its bearings. Some rotary incremental encoders have an additional 'index' output (sometimes labeled Z), which emits a pulse when the shaft passes by way of a specific angle. This generates sq.-wave pulses, which might then be interpreted into place or movement. In general an encoder is a tool or process that converts data from one format to a different. In position sensing, an encoder is a tool which can detect and convert mechanical motion to an analog or digital coded output sign. More specifically, it measures place, whereas velocity, acceleration and direction may be derivated from place in both linear or rotary motion. Different functionality of encoders comes from different physical rules of operation, outputs, communication protocols and so on. Simply click the button on the proper hand facet of this page to download the brochure.


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Category: Missions
January 18, 2017 January 18, 2017 LW Advocacy, Missions, Outreach
Partnering With MyReaders To Address Illiteracy In Bangsar
We're delighted to partner with MYReaders, a community-led group that seeks to address illiteracy in the Bangsar low-income community! In its first week, MYReaders made contact with students from SMK Bangsar to ascertain their current literacy level.
Find out more about their first week:
https://www.instagram.com/p/BPULVEbBeXpzMMz-TAIk2YbMeyb86kTYXnNIRg0/
Please consider supporting the great work that MyReaders is doing. Follow them on Facebook or email them at team[at]myreaders[dot]org[dot]my.
July 3, 2016 August 2, 2016 LW Missions, Outreach
Commissioning Meera
Today, we commissioned Meera Mahadevan as our missionary, through the ministry of Alongsiders International.
With this, BLC has committed to regularly support Meera in her work through financial giving, prayer as well as practically; by checking in with her family (especially her mother) and offering help whenever needed.
Meera has been a member of our BLC Family for many years now. She serves as a greeter and leads small discipleship groups, especially for women. She was previously in the mission field for many years before returning to Malaysia, where she eventually became an experienced corporate coach and journalist.
At her commissioning service, Meera shared how the circumstances that led her to return to Malaysia, her personal struggles, and her longing to return to the mission field during the years she was in Malaysia led her to question what God was up to. Meera shared how God was faithfully at work – all the lessons she learned in the intervening years started to make sense when she received the call to Alongsiders International.
Alongsiders International equips compassionate young Christians in poor nations to walk alongside those who walk alone: to love, welcome and encourage the most vulnerable children and orphans, in their own communities.
Meera will serve as Alongsiders International's Asia Leadership Coach. She will be based in Kuala Lumpur (an answer to prayer, especially for the sake of her mother) but will travel to support the work throughout the region. From her Alongsiders International profile:
She enjoys walking alongside the leaders from different cultures and challenging them to discover the many new and exciting ways to lead and grow the movement in their countries. In this process, she helps them to realize their potential to lead and fulfill God's purpose for each of them in Alongsiders. In all of this her passion remains people and building relationships.
Please continue to:
Pray for Meera as she serves as our BLC Missionary at Alongsiders International
Support Meera and her family by regularly checking in with them (especially her mother). Where needed, offer practical help.
Support BLC's mission work through your generous financial giving. Every week your mission offering (the one that goes into the basket) goes to support initiatives and people like Meera. If you would like to give directly to BLC through a bank transfer, please contact rumahpapa[dot]admin[at]gmail[dot]com.
More pics from Meera's commissioning service here.
October 19, 2015 October 19, 2015 LW Community, Denomination, Missions, Orang Asli, Outreach
Let There Be Light at Batu 20!
Photo credit: Moh Foong
This past weekend, a group of adults and children from BLC went to help install solar-powered lights for our orang asli brothers and sisters at Cameron Highlands.
The project was mooted so that the children of Batu 20 could have a light source to read and study at night; without relying too much on a fuel-powered generator which cost more money than the community could afford for regular, consistent night-lighting.
While some of the team worked on installing the solar panel and lights, others conducted various activities including…
Playing games with the children:
Teaching the women of the community how to cook delicious Indian snacks (which is not something they're used to making):
Refurbishing their blackboards (the kids were really helpful here):
A special thanks to Rubini, our Missions Catalyst, as well as the team working with her; for getting this project off the ground!
…and there was light! (Photo credit: Benson Ting)
We also thank God for the generous person who donated the solar panel, the BLC Family who contributed funds towards the project, as well as the adult and children volunteers who made the trip up to Cameron Highlands!
More pics available here.
Insert requisite "How many Lutherans does it take to change a light bulb?" joke here.
July 27, 2015 LW Advocacy, Missions, Outreach, Sermon
Sermon: Responding in Hope and Prayer – Rev. Benedict Muthusami, Open Doors Malaysia
Yes, and everyone who wants to live a godly life in Christ Jesus will suffer persecution.
– 2 Timothy 3:12
A post shared by BangsarLutheranChurch (@bangsarlutheran)
This week, we were blessed and challenged to hear from Rev. Benedict Muthusami, Director of Open Doors Malaysia, a ministry dedicated to serving the Persecuted Church. He preached from 2 Timothy 3:10-16.
Rev. Benedict's sermon was a powerful reminder about the "bullied" people in our midst and the power of prayer.
We sometimes forget, we are one church that stretches across the world. Whenever one part suffers, we all suffer.
While the message highlighted solidarity and awareness, through it all, there was also a tone of hope: hope in the awesome power of God in the midst of great evil.
We also heard a powerful story of prayer across the world that made a real difference.
Sometimes we get so caught up in the smallness of things that we miss the bigness of God.
So what should we do when we are "bullied"?
We need to respond in love and prayer:
Then if my people who are called by my name will humble themselves and pray and seek my face and turn from their wicked ways, I will hear from heaven and will forgive their sins and restore their land. – 2 Chronicles 7:14.
That's a call to us.
As part of his visit with us, Rev. Benedict also shared that Open Doors is celebrating its 60th Anniversary this year.
He also shared with us the World Watch List, published annually by Open Doors International. The watch list ranks the top 50 countries with Christian persecution.
We were dismayed to find out that Malaysia has climbed to #37 from #40 the previous year, due to issues of religious freedom and the use of Bahasa Malaysia bibles.
In support of Open Doors' ministry, we dedicated our missions offering this week to them.
We thank Open Doors for visiting us and sharing their heart with us. We also especially pray and thank them for the important work that they do for the Church as a whole.
July 20, 2015 July 27, 2015 LW Advocacy, Missions, Outreach
This Sunday: Guest Preacher from Open Doors Ministry
This coming Sunday, we will have the privilege of hearing from Open Doors International, the world's largest outreach to persecuted Christians in the most high-risk places.
Open Doors has visited BLC before. We look forward to a time of being blessed and challenged as we hear about the challenges facing the Persecuted Church from around the world.
Our missions offering for this coming Sunday will also be in support of Open Doors International.
April 26, 2015 April 26, 2015 LW Missions, Outreach
#NepalQuake – What We Can Do To Help
Photo credit: NBC News
It has been heartbreaking to read about the death and devastation arising from the 7.8-magnitude earthquake that struck Nepal – the worst in 80 years. According to authorities (at the time of this writing), the death toll has already climbed to about 2,000 people – a number that officials say is likely to rise in coming days. The quake also unleashed an avalanche at Mount Everest which has already claimed lives even as search and rescue efforts are underway.
The earthquake was followed by nearly two dozen aftershocks, including a magnitude-6.6 aftershock. According to media reports, hospitals were overflowing with injured people, homes were damaged, phone lines were jammed and roads had gaping cracks running along them. Nepal's airport in Kathmandu was shut down for hours, further hampering initial relief efforts.
This morning, in church, we spent time in prayer for the people of Nepal following the this news. However, there is clearly more that we can do. What follows are some suggestions of what we can do wherever we are. We will also share with you what we intend to do as a church. Please join us where you can.
Pray continuously for the people of Nepal. Pray for those in the country who have been affected directly by this catastrophe. Many of them who have to deal with the death and devastation of their loved ones and property. Please pray also for Nepalese who are here in Malaysia – our foreign worker friends who are far away from home and are concerned about news from back home.
Be kind and generous to the Nepalese you come across this week. Spare an additional moment to ask them how they or their families are. Stand in solidarity with them. If you are able to, perhaps you may want to buy a disposable SIM card for them to call home as some of them may not have the finances to do so.
Financially support international relief organizations listed below, or prepare to do so via BLC in the next two weeks.
Organizations you can support (via CNN.com):
The Nepal Red Cross Society is the epicenter of the relief efforts and is a direct way to help the people of Nepal. Here is its online donation link; please note that their website connectivity is on and off, so you might not be able to get through.
AmeriCares has sent its response team to the impact zone and relief workers are preparing shipments of medical aid and relief supplies for survivors. You can help by donating online to their disaster relief fund.
CARE is on the ground and preparing to provide temporary shelter, ready-to-eat meals and water purification and latrine construction. You can learn more about their relief plans here or go directly to their donation page to help.
Catholic Relief Services is accepting donations to help send relief materials such as shelter kits, water, sanitation and hygiene materials for the affected areas in Nepal and India.
Concern Worldwide is working to provide those in need in Nepal with needed emergency supplies for shelter, cooking and hygiene. You can specify which of these supplies you want to help provide, when you make your online donation.
Direct Relief is preparing and delivering medical resources to local health facilities that are seeing patient surges for quake-related conditions. They are also working with medical companies to secure additional supplies as needed. You can help these efforts with an online donation.
Global Giving has created a Nepal Earthquake Relief Fund to immediately help both local Nepalese nonprofits and international aid organizations. Supporters can donate online or text GIVE NEPAL to 80088 to donate $10.
Handicap International has been in Nepal since 2000 and the 47-person team is safe. They are providing wheelchairs and assistance to the local hospitals which they report are overwhelmed. You can go online to directly support their Nepal Earthquake Response.
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) is preparing an emergency response operation and is prepping resources from its hubs in New Delhi, Kuala Lumpur and Bangkok. The federation is releasing funds from its Disaster Response Emergency Fund to support the initial emergency response, and you can further support their efforts by donating here.
International Medical Corps is on the ground coordinating their response and sending additional staff and resources to support relief efforts. You can support the Nepal Earthquake Responseonline, or by texting MED to 80888 to give $10.
MercyCorps has launched the Nepal Earthquake Response fund to help provide food, water and temporary shelter in the aftermath of this disaster.
Operation USA is undertaking recovery efforts in Nepal, providing essential supplies for those affected and hospitals in need. You can help their efforts by donating online or by texting AID to 50555 to donate $10.
Oxfam International is working to help provide clean water, sanitation and emergency food for those affected by this disaster. Donate via Oxfam America here. You can also donate through Oxfam Great Britain here.
Save the Children is working to protect vulnerable children and provide relief to families. You can donate online to directly support the Nepal Children's Emergency Relief Fund.
Samaritan's Purse is sending emergency shelter, water, hygiene kits, and other emergency supplies. They are also sending a medical team to offer assistance. You can support this by donating to their Nepal Earthquake Response fund.
UNICEF is working with the government and other partners to meet children's immediate needs in water and sanitation, protection, health and nutrition. You can help by donating online.
The World Food Programme is also responding, providing food to those in need. You can help efforts by donating online here.
World Vision is coordinating its response with the national government, and says their immediate focus is potable water, food, household supplies, temporary shelter, and protection for children.To help them provide this, you can donate online to their Nepal earthquake relief fund.
Numbers you can contact & tools you can use/share:
Wisma Putra hotline for latest developments on Nepal: +60388874570 or +60380008000 (during office hours). (Source)
International Committee of the Red Cross – Restoring contact between people separated by the earthquake in Nepal
Google Person Finder: 2015 Nepal Earthquake
What BLC is doing:
The Lutheran World Federation, which has started a large-scale emergency response based in Kathmandu. Its office there has escaped the worst impact of the earthquake. Currently the Lutheran World Relief and other local organizations are actively coordinating response efforts to distribute life-saving supplies such as water, food, shelter and medication for many.
BLC will partner with the Lutheran Church of Malaysia to offer financial assistance for relief efforts through The Nepal Evangelical Lutheran Church, and also to The Lutheran World Relief of Lutheran World Federation and other organisations. We will channel our missions offerings for at least the next two Sundays (3 and 10 May) to the LCM in support of this cause.
If you would send your support to LCM directly, please feel free to channel your financial assistance to LCM's office (Send your cheques to Level 6, Luther Centre, No.6, Jln Utara, PJ, Selangor. Attention: Joshua/Michael at 03-79565992) or bank it in to the account below:
Account name: "Lutheran Church in Malaysia" – Maybank (Account no: 014169325999).
Please fax/email/send your bank in slip to finance[at]lcm[dot]org[dot]my or fax No: 03-79576953.
Important: Please indicate for 'Nepal Relief Fund'.
Thank you for your continuous prayer, support and solidarity. Lord have mercy!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Transport yourself back to the simpler times when computer games were controlled by joysticks and you didn't have to watch overblown and over long intros before playing them. With many games these days you need to spend an entire week trying to unravel a complex control system, or you may find yourself reading an instruction manual the size of an 80s mobile phone. Yes, the graphics may have been more basic back in the 1980s, but the games were far more accessible and, more importantly, FUN!
Below you will find links to reviews (with video clips and screenshots) of a whole range of 8 bit and 16 bit computer games that we used to play on our home computers and consoles back in the day, and when the likes of Atari, Commodore, Sega and Sinclair were dominating the market.


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     mne.viz.plot_layout

     mne.viz.plot_montage

     mne.viz.plot_projs_topomap

     mne.viz.plot_projs_joint

     mne.viz.plot_raw

     mne.viz.plot_raw_psd

     mne.viz.plot_sensors

     mne.viz.plot_snr_estimate

     mne.viz.plot_source_estimates

     mne.viz.link_brains

     mne.viz.plot_volume_source_estimates

     mne.viz.plot_vector_source_estimates

     mne.viz.plot_sparse_source_estimates

     mne.viz.plot_tfr_topomap

     mne.viz.plot_topo_image_epochs

     mne.viz.plot_topomap

     mne.viz.plot_alignment

     mne.viz.snapshot_brain_montage

     mne.viz.plot_arrowmap

     mne.viz.set_3d_backend

     mne.viz.get_3d_backend

     mne.viz.use_3d_backend

     mne.viz.set_3d_options

     mne.viz.set_3d_view

     mne.viz.set_3d_title

     mne.viz.create_3d_figure

     mne.viz.close_3d_figure

     mne.viz.close_all_3d_figures

     mne.viz.get_brain_class

     mne.viz.set_browser_backend

     mne.viz.get_browser_backend

     mne.viz.use_browser_backend

   Preprocessing

  <input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-8" name="toctree-checkbox-8" type="checkbox"/>

     mne.Projection

     mne.compute_proj_epochs

     mne.compute_proj_evoked

     mne.compute_proj_raw

     mne.read_proj

     mne.write_proj

     mne.channels.Layout

     mne.channels.DigMontage

     mne.channels.compute_native_head_t

     mne.channels.fix_mag_coil_types

     mne.channels.read_polhemus_fastscan

     mne.channels.get_builtin_montages

     mne.channels.make_dig_montage

     mne.channels.read_dig_polhemus_isotrak

     mne.channels.read_dig_captrak

     mne.channels.read_dig_dat

     mne.channels.read_dig_egi

     mne.channels.read_dig_fif

     mne.channels.read_dig_hpts

     mne.channels.read_dig_localite

     mne.channels.make_standard_montage

     mne.channels.read_custom_montage

     mne.channels.compute_dev_head_t

     mne.channels.read_layout

     mne.channels.find_layout

     mne.channels.make_eeg_layout

     mne.channels.make_grid_layout

     mne.channels.find_ch_adjacency

     mne.channels.get_builtin_ch_adjacencies

     mne.channels.read_ch_adjacency

     mne.channels.equalize_channels

     mne.channels.rename_channels

     mne.channels.generate_2d_layout

     mne.channels.make_1020_channel_selections

     mne.channels.combine_channels

     mne.preprocessing.ICA

     mne.preprocessing.Xdawn

     mne.preprocessing.annotate_amplitude

     mne.preprocessing.annotate_break

     mne.preprocessing.annotate_movement

     mne.preprocessing.annotate_muscle_zscore

     mne.preprocessing.annotate_nan

     mne.preprocessing.compute_average_dev_head_t

     mne.preprocessing.compute_current_source_density

     mne.preprocessing.compute_bridged_electrodes

     mne.preprocessing.compute_fine_calibration

     mne.preprocessing.compute_maxwell_basis

     mne.preprocessing.compute_proj_ecg

     mne.preprocessing.compute_proj_eog

     mne.preprocessing.cortical_signal_suppression

     mne.preprocessing.create_ecg_epochs

     mne.preprocessing.create_eog_epochs

     mne.preprocessing.find_bad_channels_maxwell

     mne.preprocessing.find_ecg_events

     mne.preprocessing.find_eog_events

     mne.preprocessing.fix_stim_artifact

     mne.preprocessing.ica_find_ecg_events

     mne.preprocessing.ica_find_eog_events

     mne.preprocessing.infomax

     mne.preprocessing.interpolate_bridged_electrodes

     mne.preprocessing.equalize_bads

     mne.preprocessing.maxwell_filter

     mne.preprocessing.maxwell_filter_prepare_emptyroom

     mne.preprocessing.oversampled_temporal_projection

     mne.preprocessing.peak_finder

     mne.preprocessing.read_ica

     mne.preprocessing.realign_raw

     mne.preprocessing.regress_artifact

     mne.preprocessing.corrmap

     mne.preprocessing.read_ica_eeglab

     mne.preprocessing.read_fine_calibration

     mne.preprocessing.write_fine_calibration

     mne.preprocessing.nirs.optical_density

     mne.preprocessing.nirs.beer_lambert_law

     mne.preprocessing.nirs.source_detector_distances

     mne.preprocessing.nirs.short_channels

     mne.preprocessing.nirs.scalp_coupling_index

     mne.preprocessing.nirs.temporal_derivative_distribution_repair

     mne.preprocessing.ieeg.project_sensors_onto_brain

     mne.add_reference_channels

     mne.set_bipolar_reference

     mne.set_eeg_reference

     mne.filter.construct_iir_filter

     mne.filter.create_filter

     mne.filter.estimate_ringing_samples

     mne.filter.filter_data

     mne.filter.notch_filter

     mne.filter.resample

     mne.chpi.compute_chpi_amplitudes

     mne.chpi.compute_chpi_snr

     mne.chpi.compute_chpi_locs

     mne.chpi.compute_head_pos

     mne.chpi.extract_chpi_locs_ctf

     mne.chpi.extract_chpi_locs_kit

     mne.chpi.filter_chpi

     mne.chpi.get_chpi_info

     mne.chpi.head_pos_to_trans_rot_t

     mne.chpi.read_head_pos

     mne.chpi.write_head_pos

     mne.transforms.Transform

     mne.transforms.quat_to_rot

     mne.transforms.rot_to_quat

     mne.transforms.read_ras_mni_t

   Events

  <input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-9" name="toctree-checkbox-9" type="checkbox"/>

     mne.Annotations

     mne.AcqParserFIF

     mne.concatenate_events

     mne.find_events

     mne.find_stim_steps

     mne.make_fixed_length_events

     mne.make_fixed_length_epochs

     mne.merge_events

     mne.parse_config

     mne.pick_events

     mne.read_annotations

     mne.read_events

     mne.write_events

     mne.concatenate_epochs

     mne.events_from_annotations

     mne.annotations_from_events

     mne.event.define_target_events

     mne.event.match_event_names

     mne.event.shift_time_events

     mne.epochs.add_channels_epochs

     mne.epochs.average_movements

     mne.epochs.combine_event_ids

     mne.epochs.equalize_epoch_counts

     mne.epochs.make_metadata

   Sensor Space Data

  <input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-10" name="toctree-checkbox-10" type="checkbox"/>

     mne.combine_evoked

     mne.concatenate_raws

     mne.equalize_channels

     mne.grand_average

     mne.pick_channels

     mne.pick_channels_cov

     mne.pick_channels_forward

     mne.pick_channels_regexp

     mne.pick_types

     mne.pick_types_forward

     mne.pick_info

     mne.read_epochs

     mne.read_reject_parameters

     mne.read_vectorview_selection

     mne.rename_channels

     mne.baseline.rescale

   Covariance computation

  <input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-11" name="toctree-checkbox-11" type="checkbox"/>

     mne.Covariance

     mne.compute_covariance

     mne.compute_raw_covariance

     mne.cov.compute_whitener

     mne.cov.prepare_noise_cov

     mne.cov.regularize

     mne.compute_rank

     mne.make_ad_hoc_cov

     mne.read_cov

     mne.write_cov

   MRI Processing

  <input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-12" name="toctree-checkbox-12" type="checkbox"/>

     mne.coreg.get_mni_fiducials

     mne.coreg.estimate_head_mri_t

     mne.io.read_fiducials

     mne.io.write_fiducials

     mne.get_montage_volume_labels

     mne.gui.coregistration

     mne.gui.locate_ieeg

     mne.create_default_subject

     mne.head_to_mni

     mne.head_to_mri

     mne.read_freesurfer_lut

     mne.read_lta

     mne.read_talxfm

     mne.scale_mri

     mne.scale_bem

     mne.scale_labels

     mne.scale_source_space

     mne.transforms.apply_volume_registration

     mne.transforms.compute_volume_registration

     mne.vertex_to_mni

     mne.warp_montage_volume

     mne.coreg.Coregistration

   Forward Modeling

  <input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-13" name="toctree-checkbox-13" type="checkbox"/>

     mne.Forward

     mne.SourceSpaces

     mne.add_source_space_distances

     mne.apply_forward

     mne.apply_forward_raw

     mne.average_forward_solutions

     mne.convert_forward_solution

     mne.decimate_surface

     mne.dig_mri_distances

     mne.forward.compute_depth_prior

     mne.forward.compute_orient_prior

     mne.forward.restrict_forward_to_label

     mne.forward.restrict_forward_to_stc

     mne.make_bem_model

     mne.make_bem_solution

     mne.make_forward_dipole

     mne.make_forward_solution

     mne.make_field_map

     mne.make_sphere_model

     mne.morph_source_spaces

     mne.read_bem_surfaces

     mne.read_forward_solution

     mne.read_trans

     mne.read_source_spaces

     mne.read_surface

     mne.sensitivity_map

     mne.setup_source_space

     mne.setup_volume_source_space

     mne.surface.complete_surface_info

     mne.surface.read_curvature

     mne.use_coil_def

     mne.write_bem_surfaces

     mne.write_trans

     mne.bem.ConductorModel

     mne.bem.fit_sphere_to_headshape

     mne.bem.get_fitting_dig

     mne.bem.make_watershed_bem

     mne.bem.make_flash_bem

     mne.bem.make_scalp_surfaces

     mne.bem.convert_flash_mris

     mne.bem.distance_to_bem

   Inverse Solutions

  <input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-14" name="toctree-checkbox-14" type="checkbox"/>

     mne.minimum_norm.InverseOperator

     mne.minimum_norm.apply_inverse

     mne.minimum_norm.apply_inverse_cov

     mne.minimum_norm.apply_inverse_epochs

     mne.minimum_norm.apply_inverse_raw

     mne.minimum_norm.compute_source_psd

     mne.minimum_norm.compute_source_psd_epochs

     mne.minimum_norm.compute_rank_inverse

     mne.minimum_norm.estimate_snr

     mne.minimum_norm.make_inverse_operator

     mne.minimum_norm.prepare_inverse_operator

     mne.minimum_norm.read_inverse_operator

     mne.minimum_norm.source_band_induced_power

     mne.minimum_norm.source_induced_power

     mne.minimum_norm.write_inverse_operator

     mne.minimum_norm.make_inverse_resolution_matrix

     mne.minimum_norm.resolution_metrics

     mne.minimum_norm.get_cross_talk

     mne.minimum_norm.get_point_spread

     mne.inverse_sparse.mixed_norm

     mne.inverse_sparse.tf_mixed_norm

     mne.inverse_sparse.gamma_map

     mne.inverse_sparse.make_stc_from_dipoles

     mne.beamformer.Beamformer

     mne.beamformer.read_beamformer

     mne.beamformer.make_lcmv

     mne.beamformer.apply_lcmv

     mne.beamformer.apply_lcmv_epochs

     mne.beamformer.apply_lcmv_raw

     mne.beamformer.apply_lcmv_cov

     mne.beamformer.make_dics

     mne.beamformer.apply_dics

     mne.beamformer.apply_dics_csd

     mne.beamformer.apply_dics_epochs

     mne.beamformer.rap_music

     mne.beamformer.make_lcmv_resolution_matrix

     mne.Dipole

     mne.DipoleFixed

     mne.fit_dipole

     mne.dipole.get_phantom_dipoles

   Source Space Data

  <input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-15" name="toctree-checkbox-15" type="checkbox"/>

     mne.BiHemiLabel

     mne.Label

     mne.MixedSourceEstimate

     mne.MixedVectorSourceEstimate

     mne.SourceEstimate

     mne.VectorSourceEstimate

     mne.VolSourceEstimate

     mne.VolVectorSourceEstimate

     mne.SourceMorph

     mne.compute_source_morph

     mne.extract_label_time_course

     mne.grade_to_tris

     mne.grade_to_vertices

     mne.label.select_sources

     mne.grow_labels

     mne.label_sign_flip

     mne.labels_to_stc

     mne.morph_labels

     mne.random_parcellation

     mne.read_labels_from_annot

     mne.read_dipole

     mne.read_label

     mne.read_source_estimate

     mne.read_source_morph

     mne.split_label

     mne.stc_to_label

     mne.stc_near_sensors

     mne.transform_surface_to

     mne.write_labels_to_annot

     mne.write_label

     mne.source_space.compute_distance_to_sensors

     mne.source_space.get_decimated_surfaces

   Time-Frequency

  <input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-16" name="toctree-checkbox-16" type="checkbox"/>

     mne.time_frequency.AverageTFR

     mne.time_frequency.EpochsTFR

     mne.time_frequency.CrossSpectralDensity

     mne.time_frequency.csd_fourier

     mne.time_frequency.csd_multitaper

     mne.time_frequency.csd_morlet

     mne.time_frequency.pick_channels_csd

     mne.time_frequency.read_csd

     mne.time_frequency.fit_iir_model_raw

     mne.time_frequency.psd_welch

     mne.time_frequency.psd_multitaper

     mne.time_frequency.tfr_morlet

     mne.time_frequency.tfr_multitaper

     mne.time_frequency.tfr_stockwell

     mne.time_frequency.read_tfrs

     mne.time_frequency.write_tfrs

     mne.time_frequency.csd_array_fourier

     mne.time_frequency.csd_array_multitaper

     mne.time_frequency.csd_array_morlet

     mne.time_frequency.dpss_windows

     mne.time_frequency.morlet

     mne.time_frequency.stft

     mne.time_frequency.istft

     mne.time_frequency.stftfreq

     mne.time_frequency.psd_array_multitaper

     mne.time_frequency.psd_array_welch

     mne.time_frequency.tfr_array_morlet

     mne.time_frequency.tfr_array_multitaper

     mne.time_frequency.tfr_array_stockwell

     mne.time_frequency.tfr.cwt

     mne.time_frequency.tfr.morlet

   Connectivity Estimation

   Statistics

  <input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-17" name="toctree-checkbox-17" type="checkbox"/>

     mne.stats.ttest_1samp_no_p

     mne.stats.ttest_ind_no_p

     mne.stats.f_oneway

     mne.stats.f_mway_rm

     mne.stats.f_threshold_mway_rm

     mne.stats.linear_regression

     mne.stats.linear_regression_raw

     mne.stats.bonferroni_correction

     mne.stats.fdr_correction

     mne.stats.combine_adjacency

     mne.stats.permutation_cluster_test

     mne.stats.permutation_cluster_1samp_test

     mne.stats.permutation_t_test

     mne.stats.spatio_temporal_cluster_test

     mne.stats.spatio_temporal_cluster_1samp_test

     mne.stats.summarize_clusters_stc

     mne.stats.bootstrap_confidence_interval

     mne.channels.find_ch_adjacency

     mne.channels.read_ch_adjacency

     mne.spatial_dist_adjacency

     mne.spatial_src_adjacency

     mne.spatial_tris_adjacency

     mne.spatial_inter_hemi_adjacency

     mne.spatio_temporal_src_adjacency

     mne.spatio_temporal_tris_adjacency

     mne.spatio_temporal_dist_adjacency

   Simulation

  <input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-18" name="toctree-checkbox-18" type="checkbox"/>

     mne.simulation.add_chpi

     mne.simulation.add_ecg

     mne.simulation.add_eog

     mne.simulation.add_noise

     mne.simulation.simulate_evoked

     mne.simulation.simulate_raw

     mne.simulation.simulate_stc

     mne.simulation.simulate_sparse_stc

     mne.simulation.select_source_in_label

     mne.simulation.SourceSimulator

   Decoding

  <input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-19" name="toctree-checkbox-19" type="checkbox"/>

     mne.decoding.CSP

     mne.decoding.EMS

     mne.decoding.FilterEstimator

     mne.decoding.LinearModel

     mne.decoding.PSDEstimator

     mne.decoding.Scaler

     mne.decoding.TemporalFilter

     mne.decoding.TimeFrequency

     mne.decoding.UnsupervisedSpatialFilter

     mne.decoding.Vectorizer

     mne.decoding.ReceptiveField

     mne.decoding.TimeDelayingRidge

     mne.decoding.SlidingEstimator

     mne.decoding.GeneralizingEstimator

     mne.decoding.SPoC

     mne.decoding.SSD

     mne.decoding.compute_ems

     mne.decoding.cross_val_multiscore

     mne.decoding.get_coef

   Realtime

   MNE-Report

  <input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-20" name="toctree-checkbox-20" type="checkbox"/>

     mne.Report

     mne.open_report

   Logging and Configuration

  <input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-21" name="toctree-checkbox-21" type="checkbox"/>

     mne.get_config_path

     mne.get_config

     mne.open_docs

     mne.set_log_level

     mne.set_log_file

     mne.set_config

     mne.set_cache_dir

     mne.sys_info

     mne.use_log_level

     mne.verbose

     mne.utils.deprecated

     mne.utils.warn

     mne.cuda.get_cuda_memory

     mne.cuda.init_cuda

     mne.cuda.set_cuda_device

Visualization#

mne.viz:

Visualization routines.

Brain(subject_id[, hemi, surf, title, ...])

Class for visualizing a brain.

ClickableImage(imdata, **kwargs)

Display an image so you can click on it and store x/y positions.

Figure3D()

Class that refers to a 3D figure.

add_background_image(fig, im[, set_ratios])

Add a background image to a plot.

centers_to_edges(*arrays)

Convert center points to edges.

compare_fiff(fname_1, fname_2[, fname_out, ...])

Compare the contents of two fiff files using diff and show_fiff.

circular_layout(node_names, node_order[, ...])

Create layout arranging nodes on a circle.

iter_topography(info[, layout, on_pick, ...])

Create iterator over channel positions.

mne_analyze_colormap([limits, format])

Return a colormap similar to that used by mne_analyze.

plot_bem(subject[, subjects_dir, ...])

Plot BEM contours on anatomical MRI slices.

plot_brain_colorbar(ax, clim[, colormap, ...])

Plot a colorbar that corresponds to a brain activation map.

plot_bridged_electrodes(info, bridged_idx, ...)

Topoplot electrode distance matrix with bridged electrodes connected.

plot_chpi_snr(snr_dict[, axes])

Plot time-varying SNR estimates of the HPI coils.

plot_cov(cov, info[, exclude, colorbar, ...])

Plot Covariance data.

plot_channel_labels_circle(labels[, colors, ...])

Plot labels for each channel in a circle plot.

plot_ch_adjacency(info, adjacency, ch_names)

Plot channel adjacency.

plot_csd(csd[, info, mode, colorbar, cmap, ...])

Plot CSD matrices.

plot_dipole_amplitudes(dipoles[, colors, show])

Plot the amplitude traces of a set of dipoles.

plot_dipole_locations(dipoles[, trans, ...])

Plot dipole locations.

plot_drop_log(drop_log[, threshold, ...])

Show the channel stats based on a drop_log from Epochs.

plot_epochs(epochs[, picks, scalings, ...])

Visualize epochs.

plot_epochs_psd_topomap(epochs[, bands, ...])

Plot the topomap of the power spectral density across epochs.

plot_events(events[, sfreq, first_samp, ...])

Plot events to get a visual display of the paradigm.

plot_evoked(evoked[, picks, exclude, unit, ...])

Plot evoked data using butterfly plots.

plot_evoked_image(evoked[, picks, exclude, ...])

Plot evoked data as images.

plot_evoked_topo(evoked[, layout, ...])

Plot 2D topography of evoked responses.

plot_evoked_topomap(evoked[, times, ...])

Plot topographic maps of specific time points of evoked data.

plot_evoked_joint(evoked[, times, title, ...])

Plot evoked data as butterfly plot and add topomaps for time points.

plot_evoked_field(evoked, surf_maps[, time, ...])

Plot MEG/EEG fields on head surface and helmet in 3D.

plot_evoked_white(evoked, noise_cov[, show, ...])

Plot whitened evoked response.

plot_filter(h, sfreq[, freq, gain, title, ...])

Plot properties of a filter.

plot_head_positions(pos[, mode, cmap, ...])

Plot head positions.

plot_ideal_filter(freq, gain[, axes, title, ...])

Plot an ideal filter response.

plot_compare_evokeds(evokeds[, picks, ...])

Plot evoked time courses for one or more conditions and/or channels.

plot_ica_sources(ica, inst[, picks, start, ...])

Plot estimated latent sources given the unmixing matrix.

plot_ica_components(ica[, picks, ch_type, ...])

Project mixing matrix on interpolated sensor topography.

plot_ica_properties(ica, inst[, picks, ...])

Display component properties.

plot_ica_scores(ica, scores[, exclude, ...])

Plot scores related to detected components.

plot_ica_overlay(ica, inst[, exclude, ...])

Overlay of raw and cleaned signals given the unmixing matrix.

plot_epochs_image(epochs[, picks, sigma, ...])

Plot Event Related Potential / Fields image.

plot_layout(layout[, picks, show_axes, show])

Plot the sensor positions.

plot_montage(montage[, scale_factor, ...])

Plot a montage.

plot_projs_topomap(projs, info[, cmap, ...])

Plot topographic maps of SSP projections.

plot_projs_joint(projs, evoked[, ...])

Plot projectors and evoked jointly.

plot_raw(raw[, events, duration, start, ...])

Plot raw data.

plot_raw_psd(raw[, fmin, fmax, tmin, tmax, ...])

Plot the power spectral density across channels.

plot_sensors(info[, kind, ch_type, title, ...])

Plot sensors positions.

plot_snr_estimate(evoked, inv[, show, axes, ...])

Plot a data SNR estimate.

plot_source_estimates(stc[, subject, ...])

Plot SourceEstimate.

link_brains(brains[, time, camera, ...])

Plot multiple SourceEstimate objects with PyVista.

plot_volume_source_estimates(stc, src[, ...])

Plot Nutmeg style volumetric source estimates using nilearn.

plot_vector_source_estimates(stc[, subject, ...])

Plot VectorSourceEstimate with PyVista.

plot_sparse_source_estimates(src, stcs[, ...])

Plot source estimates obtained with sparse solver.

plot_tfr_topomap(tfr[, tmin, tmax, fmin, ...])

Plot topographic maps of specific time-frequency intervals of TFR data.

plot_topo_image_epochs(epochs[, layout, ...])

Plot Event Related Potential / Fields image on topographies.

plot_topomap(data, pos[, vmin, vmax, cmap, ...])

Plot a topographic map as image.

plot_alignment([info, trans, subject, ...])

Plot head, sensor, and source space alignment in 3D.

snapshot_brain_montage(fig, montage[, ...])

Take a snapshot of a PyVista Scene and project channels onto 2d coords.

plot_arrowmap(data, info_from[, info_to, ...])

Plot arrow map.

set_3d_backend(backend_name[, verbose])

Set the 3D backend for MNE.

get_3d_backend()

Return the 3D backend currently used.

use_3d_backend(backend_name)

Create a 3d visualization context using the designated backend.

set_3d_options([antialias, depth_peeling, ...])

Set 3D rendering options.

set_3d_view(figure[, azimuth, elevation, ...])

Configure the view of the given scene.

set_3d_title(figure, title[, size])

Configure the title of the given scene.

create_3d_figure(size[, bgcolor, ...])

Return an empty figure based on the current 3d backend.

close_3d_figure(figure)

Close the given scene.

close_all_3d_figures()

Close all the scenes of the current 3d backend.

get_brain_class()

Return the proper Brain class based on the current 3d backend.

set_browser_backend(backend_name[, verbose])

Set the 2D browser backend for MNE.

get_browser_backend()

Return the 2D backend currently used.

use_browser_backend(backend_name)

Create a 2D browser visualization context using the designated backend.

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© Copyright 2012–2022, MNE Developers. Last updated <time datetime="2022-08-24T23:14:16.977835+00:00" class="localized">2022-08-24 23:14 UTC</time>

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text:
To jest przybliżona wizualizacja wydruku strony. Aby sprawdzić jak strona będzie wyglądała po wydrukowaniu, użyj opcji "Podgląd wydruku" w przeglądarce.
History of ports
Port of Szczecin has a history as old as the city itself. It is difficult to even determine if the port was created by the city or perhaps the city by the port. The early existence of the port is reflected in the Slavic boat wreck dating from the late ninth century. Furthermore, from the area of Szczecin are known boats made from a single trunk, which are 1500 years old.
In the early period of the early medieval city, the port was located on the left bank of the Oder River, in the bay near the borough, close to the residence of the Prince. The water depth at this point reached about 1.5 meters and at that time was sufficient for vessels, whose capacity fluctuated mostly between 2 to 5 tons. Even at that time there was developed a far-reaching sea exchange, what confirm archaeological sources. Objects of exchange were both bulk and general cargo, and luxury goods. Therefore, good that passed through the port included grain, meat, herring, leather, salt, honey, wax, iron and stone products, and wood. In Szczecin had been found luxury goods imported from the region of the Baltic and North Sea, and for example of Arab origin.
It soon became apparent that the depth of the port and its size is insufficient. In the thirteenth century, the port has been moved closer to the mainstream of the Oder and eventually located along the left bank of the Oder River, below the city walls. From the south, it was limited by the Long Bridge and from the north by the Kłodny Bridge, in which a special device, called log, closed the way to vessels intending to go in or out of the port. Since the end of the thirteenth century, vessels were also calling to the Lasztownia Island, lying on the right bank of the Oder, across town. Location of the port between the two bridges was regulated by law and maintained for a relatively long time until the mid-eighteenth century. Outside of the port functioned smaller ports, but they served only the local population engaged in the fisheries.
Thanks to its favorable location at the estuary of the Oder, good investments and obtaining the right to store all the goods floated up and down the river, in the Middle Ages Szczecin became one of the largest Baltic ports. Port of Szczecin mediated in the transport and trade with overseas partners and inland facilities. The division of facilities between different countries and changing political relations between them often limited and sometimes even made it impossible to trade with different regions - Greater Poland, Silesia and Brandenburg.
Technical infrastructure had been still developed. Since the beginning of the fourteenth century, certainly there were bridges going forward into the river that enabled the unloading without using smaller boats. These bridges had to be very important, because they were given their own names: a butcher's bridge, fish bridge, sredzki bridge, "crow's foot" bridge or cleric's bridge. Two other bridges were already outside the port and served probably for the monasteries located in the vicinity. In the mid-sixteenth century the left bank of the Oder was fortified by the wide quay of about 20 meters long, so that unloading and loading of the ships could be done with the use of horse transport. The quay also served for temporary storage of goods for further transportation, as well as a place of trade with imported goods.However, not all goods could be stored in the open air, so special department stores were established, used not only for storing goods but also for mercantile transactions. The first department store was founded in the middle of the thirteenth century and had a general purpose. In subsequent centuries, department stores became more specialized. From historical sources we can learn about the warehouses used to store grain, herring, flour, copper or wine. On the Lasztownia island, next to the Long Bridge was located in a crane for handling heavy goods such as millstones. General cargo and bulk goods were unloaded by trained workers affiliated in fraternities. Over time porters specialized in handling certain types of goods and became controllers of their quality and quantity. Since the Middle Ages, Szczecin port authority belonged to the city council, which gradually took over the powers formerly lying outside its influence. In the mid-fourteenth century, the city purchased from the prince the right to collect duties, and during the seventeenth century it subordinated the brotherhood of port workers. The princes kept for a long time the right to collect fees for closing and opening the logs for passing ships.
In the Middle Ages Szczecin belonged to the Hanseatic League and maintained relations mainly with the Baltic ports and their land facilities in the Oder and Warta. From the sixteenth century, an interest in the markets of Western Europe, mainly English, Dutch and French, started to grow rapidly. At that time, at the North Sea went up to 100 Szczecin ship-owners per year. They mainly exported grain, animal skins and wood, imported herring, salt and wine.
After the end of the Pomeranian princes' dynasty, the Oder region, along with Szczecin, has been taken by Sweden. This resulted in the increase of trade with ports in Sweden, but - for political reasons - stopped the exchange with Poland and Brandenburg. The relations with Sweden were so complicated that the electors of Brandenburg led to the construction of the Oder - Spree channel to direct Oder trade to Hamburg. At the time of Swedish rule the city with the port became a heavily fortified port. The port was still located between the Long Bridge and the Kłodny Bridge. This lasted for the most part of a Prussian domination in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. During this period, however, were carried numerous renovations and expansion of the wharves, warehouses and other port facilities. Port connected with its land facilities, which after the partitions of Poland came under the Prussian domination. At the end of the eighteenth century was built Bydgoski Channel that allowed Szczecin to take over some part of the Vistula trade. Among the goods passing these days through the port of Szczecin were coffee, rice, sugar, tropical fruits and spices, exported spirit, cakes and canvas.
A major problem has always been the navigability of the port water route from Szczecin to the open sea. This problem became especially important in the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth century - when the western estuary of the Oder (Piana) was dominated by the Swedes, who imposed high duties on vessels going to Szczecin. With the financial support from the Prussian Government, Szczecin authorities began dredging the center of the mouth of the Odra River and building the port of Swinoujscie. Since that moment, the bigger size vessels were partially unloaded in Swinoujscie port and part of their cargo transported to Szczecin on flat-bottomed boats. In 1880 yet another important event for the port was the opening of the Piastowski canal shortening the waterway distance between Szczecin and Swinoujscie.
Ten years later, the depth of the fairway through the Szczecin Lagoon reached seven meters. The nineteenth century also brought the development of land transport links with the land facilities. Szczecin received solid road connections with other urban centers of Pomerania and in the mid-nineteenth century rail connections with Berlin, Poznan and Wroclaw. These investments, coupled with increasing transport capacities of the floating fleet, caused a significant increase in turnover of the port. In 1823, when the first steamer came to Szczecin, the turnover amounted to less than 50 thousand tons; in 1880 it was already around 1.2 million tons.
Increase in the quantity of transshipments necessitated the development of port areas. Initially, the new waterfront was situated along the banks of Parnica and Dunczyca. At the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth century, when it was not enough, quays started to be built along the west bank of the Oder (Chrobry Embankment), and two port basins at Łasztownia island (East and West Basins) with transshipment facilities and warehouses. These basins were included in the created duty free zone and used mainly for cargo handling. In order to improve handling of bulk goods, constructors started to build canals and basins near the eastern branch of the Oder - Regalica. Provided with railway sidings, loading facilities and storage warehouses, they were completed in 1919 (Gorniczy Basin). Such a significant expansion of the port at that time was mainly a result of the government policy of Prussia, who saw the Szczecin port's ability to resist the Allied blockade in case of war. In the interwar period, after laying the relations with France and England, further expansion was abandoned and state shares in investment were withdrawn. Port development was mainly driven by market rules; at this time special emphasis was put on the development of technical facilities: grain elevators, refrigerators, specialized magazines, modernization of railway sidings and handling equipment.
During World War I the port of Szczecin became the most important German port. The period between the wars witnessed stagnation in the port activity.
During World War II, the port and the economy of Szczecin have been harnessed in a totalitarian war machine of Hitler. It was even planned to implement huge investments to adapt the port of Szczecin for the transshipment of goods from the territories conquered by Germany in Eastern Europe. Meanwhile, at the end of the war - because of the extensive arms industry - Szczecin became the target of Allied bombing raids. Air raids have caused significant damage, particularly in port. Further devastation has been done by the retreating German army. For example, all cranes and many warehouses have been destroyed; the least affected were quays. The damage was so serious that the first vessels calling at Szczecin after the war had to be unloaded and loaded manually. This method was also applied to bulk cargo, coal inclusively.
The normal functioning of the port was hampered by a number of sunken wrecks, siltation and mined waters. Furthermore, part of the port had been occupied by the Russian army; in the Port of Szczecin some quays have been passed to the Polish government in 1954, and in Swinoujscie even in 1992. Management of port areas in the postwar years were the responsibility of several institutions that were responsible for different sections of the port's activity. Much of the work has been performed by private companies or cooperatives. More or less by 1950, private initiatives have been eliminated or incorporated into the structure of state enterprises. The port management has been centralized.
Today, it is a rapidly developing port complex, with annual handling volumes reaching 20 million tons.
Copyright © 2012 Zarząd Morskich Portów Szczecin i Świnoujście SA. Wszystkie prawa zastrzeżone.


text:
How do Modern Slavery laws affect businesses?
by admin | Nov 26, 2018 | News | 0 comments
In November 2017, shoppers of the international fashion retailer Zara discovered handwritten notes stitched inside clothing that contained pleas for help.
The notes were reportedly placed there by workers in Turkey's Bravo Tekstil factory, which supplied garments to Zara and other brands before folding suddenly in 2016.
In their hand-stitched notes, the workers asked shoppers to support their campaign for better working conditions and to pressure Zara to pay them the wages they were entitled to. Following a public outcry and a high-profile media campaign, Zara set up a fund to pay the workers the wages they were owed, and the story gradually faded from the public eye.
The Zara incident gave fleeting exposure to a much larger issue – worker exploitation that has grown to a level never before seen in our world economy, in which an estimated 40 million people are currently living as modern slaves.
In the past decade, NGOs, human rights activists and the news media have accelerated their work exposing horrific accounts of modern-day slaves, trafficked to work for little or no money in factories, farms, mines, brothels, the construction industry, warehousing and manufacturing. Law enforcement officials are stepping up their efforts to investigate and disrupt the traffickers, while government bodies debate the policy changes and use of resources to support identified victims and prevent them being re-trafficked.
But the latest frontier in the fight against modern slavery, which forces businesses to be transparent about and accountable for outsourcing practices in their organisations' supply chains, has the potential to wield the most power. It is based on the recognition that, in recent decades, mainstream global businesses have directly and indirectly created this $150bn modern slavery industry and enabled it to grow and thrive. The new legislation targeting slavery in the mainstream economy is requiring businesses to wield the same power and influence to expose and reverse this alarming trend.
A fast-growing 'industry'
Modern slavery is the second largest and fastest-growing criminal industry in the world, producing $150bn in annual profits globally, according to the International Labour Organisation (ILO). The ILO also reports that, of the 40 million people understood to be modern-day slaves, 29.4 million are in forced labour, with another 15.4 million in forced marriages. Almost three-quarters (71%) of victims are female, and one in four are children. On average, they are held for 20.5 months before escaping or being freed (according to Global Estimates of Modern Slavery: Forced Labour and Forced Marriage, Geneva, 2017).
Modern slavery is a situation of exploitation from which a person cannot leave due to threats, violence, coercion or deception. It includes forced labour, sex trafficking, oppressive and dangerous working conditions, debt bondage, forced marriage, human trafficking and organ harvesting.
Although slavery can conjure up images of people captured, chained, and sold across the globe, as was prevalent during the trans-Atlantic slave trade of the 16th-19th centuries, chattel slavery is thought to be the least prevalent of the contemporary forms of slavery. While these traditional forms of slavery do still exist in some areas of the world, they tend to occur in areas where war or extreme forms of prejudice and oppression have resulted in the dehumanisation of certain classes of human beings, usually for ethnic, caste, misogynistic, or religious reasons.
More commonly, victims of labour exploitation enter into relationships with their captors voluntarily, and are not physically restrained. Instead, most people fall victim to modern slavery through a combination of vulnerability, psychological coercion and, most commonly, debt bondage or indentured servitude.
Victims are mostly low-skilled labourers and migrant workers whose choices in life are limited or non-existent due to their circumstances of birth. These are the people most likely to indenture themselves for the false promises of better opportunities to provide for their families in a distant city or country.
In a study (entitled 'A Portrait of Low-Income Migrants in Contemporary Qatar') published in the Journal of Arabian Studies in 2013 by Andrew Gardener, Professor of Anthropology at the University of Puget Sound and his colleagues entitled, 91% of low-skilled foreign workers in the Persian Gulf borrowed money to pay their recruitment fees, travel costs, and visa expenses. While 44% had written contracts of employment before leaving, 78% of those contracts would be changed upon arrival at their country of destination; 90% of the workers in this study had their passports confiscated and held by their employers.
In these circumstances, it is easy to see how the promise of a good job in a developing region can quickly deteriorate into long hours with little pay, and no ability or funds to return home. In the case of illegal migrants, the ability to exploit is even greater, as these individuals are reluctant to risk detention and deportation by making themselves known to authorities.
Forced labour can be found in virtually every industry. In the cases where the type of work was known, 24% of adults were domestic workers, 18% were in construction, 15% in manufacturing, and 11% in agriculture and fishing. An estimated 3.8 million adults were victims of forced sexual exploitation and 1 million children were victims of sexual exploitation (ILO, 2017).
However, it is impossible to know exactly how many people are living in modern slavery, and different studies have produced different estimates. One reason for this is that modern slavery is a hidden crime that is difficult to identify. Another is that different studies use different definitions of slavery, with some including forced marriage, for example, and others not.
Irresponsible corporate practices
The sad truth for business leaders is that modern slavery is driven, in large part by irresponsible corporate practices and unrealistic consumer demands. While criminal trafficking networks capitalise on the exploitation of the vulnerable, they are simply servicing the industries whose business models depend on cheap overseas labour and the production and sale of consumer goods at low prices. In other words, modern slavery is deeply embedded in our global economy.
Poverty and globalisation are typically cited as the root causes of modern slavery that have enabled it to grow and thrive. But attributing its rise to these two factors, ostensibly inevitable and seemingly beyond our control, is both over-simplistic and disingenuous.
According to Dr Genevieve Lebaron, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Politics at the University of Sheffield, poverty and globalisation serve as 'excuses' rather than 'explanations', for modern slavery. She asserts that it is more important to understand exactly which aspects of poverty and globalisation are responsible for the endemic labour exploitation, and which global economic processes are ensuring the constant and low-cost supply of highly exploitable and coerced workers.
Far from being an inevitable consequence of globalisation, modern slavery is actually the result of restrictive migration regimes, irresponsible outsourcing practices, the growing gap between rich and poor, and the deregulation and consolidation of corporate power that drives the creation of short-term profits that typically benefit only the rich.
Although legal accountability for human trafficking crimes is important, no meaningful progress in the fight against human trafficking will occur until law makers and business leaders get serious about addressing these systematic underpinnings of our modern economy. And, while there has been some movement in this area, the world's response must go far beyond an expression of outrage.
Addressing the true root causes of modern slavery requires recognition and an honest evaluation of neoliberalism and trickle-down economic theory that underlies our modern form of capitalism, an undertaking that is certain to be more economically disruptive and politically controversial than simple espousing its evils with an official policy declaration and commitment of law enforcement and victim resources.
In saying that, the work of academia and civil society organisations over the past few decades is beginning to pay off. The result is a rise in the adoption of modern slavery legislation across the globe that recognises the critical role of a fully engaged business community working to solve the crisis it has inadvertently and collectively created.
The impact on business
Recognising the extent to which modern slavery practices have become embedded in our global economy, the California Transparency in Supply Chains Act, which came into effect on 1 January 2012, was the first piece of anti-slavery legislation directed at consumers and businesses who are inadvertently promoting and sanctioning modern slavery through the purchase of goods and products that have been tainted in the supply chain.
This ground-breaking legislation required large retailers and manufacturers to start providing consumers with information regarding their efforts to eradicate slavery and human trafficking in their supply chains; educate consumers on how to purchase goods produced by companies that responsibly manage their supply chains and, ultimately, improve the lives of victims of slavery and human trafficking. But its scope was limited, applying only to large businesses dealing in the sale of goods and services in the US state of California.
Since then, anti-slavery legislation has been rapidly spreading across the globe.
In 2015, the UK became the the first country with a national law requiring companies to disclose what they have done to ensure their supply chains are slavery free. Under the UK's Modern Slavery Act, businesses with a global turnover of more than £3m ($47.5m USD) must produce an annual statement outlining the actions they have taken to combat forced labour within their supply chains. In addition to the US and UK, modern slavery legislation currently exists in France, has been recently introduced in Hong Kong, and is soon to go into effect in the Netherlands (2020) and Australia (2018) .
These laws are modeled on the California Act and apply to organisations that have any businesses dealings in these countries – not just businesses whose revenue generated in that country exceeds the threshold.
The impact of the anti-slavery legislation is not limited to companies that do or plan to do business in the US, UK, France, Hong Kong, the Netherlands, and Australia. Companies that are not directly subject to the mandatory reporting requirements of the legislation are still experiencing its secondary impacts. These trickle-down effects typically take the form of human rights audits, mandatory risk assessments, supplier codes of conduct that demand sustainability, the protection of worker human rights, and the adoption of ethical recruitment and procurement policies, and well as in express contract provisions that require modern slavery due diligence for suppliers.
So even for businesses based, or selling products, in countries without modern slavery legislation, gone are the days when they can turn a blind eye to exploitative practices, regardless of their size or sector.
For many companies, however, understanding how their business practices may be enabling modern slavery, and identifying steps they need to take in response to the new requirements, is proving a formidable challenge. It's common for companies to respond defensively to suggestions that their organisations or supply chains may be profiting from modern slavery.
Other companies may acknowledge that labour exploitation could be going on in their supply chains, but assert a 'we have no control over that' defense. There is also a tendency for companies to become overwhelmed by the new legislation and their sudden apparent responsibility for labour exploitation in countries far removed from their corporate bases of operation.
For these companies, it is important that strong leadership drives their response and sets the culture for the rest of the organisation to follow. It is also important for companies to understand that they are not required to ensure modern slavery is not taking place in their supply chains. Rather, they simply must demonstrate that they are taking steps to identify their risks and take appropriate action to mitigate those risks.
Accepting that your organisation may unknowingly be enabling labour exploitation, investigating areas and practices that are deemed high risk, and being transparent about action being taken to address it goes a long way towards meeting the legal requirements, as well as protecting their brand.
Every business across the globe, regardless of size or sector, will soon be impacted by modern slavery legislation.
The legislation is in response to rising global recognition that slavery has become embedded into our global economy, and meaningful progress to stop its spread requires the resources, insight, and active engagement of the business community. Strong corporate leadership is needed, as well as honest and open recognition of the modern corporate values, and the business structures and practices that inadvertently enable human exploitation to grow and thrive.
This requires Businesses Schools across the world to engage actively in the agenda. The long term impacts of outsourcing cheap labour and paying lip service to issues of human rights and sustainability are a very real threat to our modern economy. Business leaders must be trained to understand this threat and the corporate values underlying it, which have typically serve to benefit executives and shareholders with short-term profits at the expense of worker rights in further tiers of the supply chain. Likewise, Business Schools themselves have legal and moral duties to recognise their own roles as consumers of global goods and services by adopting anti-slavery programmes that include robust practices for ethical procurement and recruitment.
Corporate expansion, deregulation, mass consumerism, and consumer demand for cheaper goods have driven the growth of global inequality. It remains to be seen whether the impacts of modern slavery legislation will result in appropriate and effective human rights action that reverses this current alarming trend.
Sourcing Justice is a UK-registered Community Interest Company Companies House England Reg. No. 11117091
Design by Hall Creative


The 2012 season is out of the gates and charging hard into the Fall. As anticipated the first week of NFL action brought much excitement and enjoyment as America's number 1 sport began its new season. There were many potential story lines heading into week 1. Here are 2centsworthofsports.com's Top 3 stories that developed on Sunday.
Robert Griffin III made his highly anticipated debut on Sunday in New Orleans against the Saints. Much like Cam Newton in his rookie season last year, RG3 rose to the occasion. Griffin lead the Redskins to a win over the Saints by a score of 40-32. More impressive than the victory were Griffin's stats. Griffin was 19-26 with 320 yards passing, 42 yards rushing and 2 touchdowns. Griffin completed his first 7 passes for over 123 yards. The most exciting play came in the 1st quarter when Griffin connected with Wide Receiver Pierre Garcon for an 88 yard touchdown pass. That TD pass would be Griffins first in the NFL and is a hell of a way to start a career. A statement was made on Sunday, Griffin is as good as we thought he would be and he makes the Redskins a legitimate threat.
One of the first major NFL stories of the past off season was where would Peyton Manning land in free agency. The answer was Denver but that left a question remaining, how would he perform? Manning sat out the entire 2011 season after having undergone neck surgery. On Sunday night in Prime Time, Manning and the Broncos hosted the Pittsburgh Steelers. Manning was back to his usual form going 19-26 with 253 yards passing and 2 touchdown passes. The Broncos beat the Steelers 31-19 in the first game of the season. Manning showed how ready he was to be back in football. It is safe to say he will continue to be one of the best QB's in the league this season.
The first overall pick in April's Draft, Andrew Luck took to the field with his Colts to face the Chicago Bears. Luck came out of college with the same expectations that he is NFL ready. He may very well be but Sunday did not treat Luck very well. The Colts were defeated by the Bears by a score of 41-21. Luck was 25-43 passing with 309 yards passing, 9 yards rushing, 1 touchdown and threw for 3 interceptions. The Bears defense was too much for the Colts line who just did not give Luck enough time to be comfortable. Luck's 3 interceptions show he was not mentally ready for this game. However his other stats look promising. The problem for Luck this season will be that the Colts have not provided him with the best supporting cast. Week 2 will be a good opportunity to see how Luck can recover from a tough loss and move forward.


text:
Q: AWS Lambda/APIG - Error at new ConnectionManager at new PostgresDialect at new Sequelize I am developing a web app with AWS Lambda and API Gateway with Nodejs. When I run my api with localhost through serverless offline (pointing my production DB, on AWS RDS) everything works fine. However, when I deploy to AWS I get the following:

module initialization error: Error at new ConnectionManager
  (/var/task/node_modules/sequelize/lib/dialects/postgres/connection-manager.js:29:15)
  at new PostgresDialect
  (/var/task/node_modules/sequelize/lib/dialects/postgres/index.js:14:30)
  at new Sequelize
  (/var/task/node_modules/sequelize/lib/sequelize.js:239:20) at
  Object. (/var/task/src/controllers/run-controller.js:4

I assume this means there is some issue connecting to the database. I have no issue hitting it with postman via localhost, but using my APIG url, the above error is thrown and shown in the cloudwatch logs.
Please let me know what other information I can provide!
Update
Narrowing in on this a bit more, when I run a test in the lambda console against one of my functions, it shows the following:
"errorMessage": "Please install 'pg' module manually"
It seems my node modules are not available? Like I said, I'm using Serverless, does sls deploy not include node modules?
Update 2
Indeed there was an issue with the node module pg not being included in the package. I've added pg to be forced included with the following:
custom:
  webpackIncludeModules:
    forceInclude:
      - pg

That resolves the above issue with needing to install pg manually. However, I'm now only getting timeouts from my deployed functions, but they still work locally.

A: I figured out what the issue was. Not only did I need to make sure that pg was getting included properly with webpack, but I also needed to set up the VPC configuration in my serverless.yml under the provider section:
vpc:
  securityGroupIds:
    - sg-######
  subnetIds:
    - subnet-######
    - subnet-######
    - subnet-######

This set up configuration for all of my functions, allowing them to access my database.

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On Sept. 1, 2016, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (MOHURD) held the National Symposium on the Urban-Rural Planning Reform in Jinan, capital of Shandong Province to analyze the new situation, new tasks, and new requirements for urban-rural planning, to study the overall principle about facilitating urban-rural planning reform, and to arrange some key tasks. Huang Yan, Vice Minister of MOHURD, attended the symposium and delivered an important speech.
Considering the new situation and new requirements, Huang Yan suggested to actively adapt to and lead the new normal of economic development, and make four transformations on the working thoughts: the first is the transformation from the central urban area to the whole city proper, to which the "coordinated planning" should be conducted; the second is the transformation from outward expansion to connotation upgrading, to which the "stock-based planning" should be conducted; the third is the transformation from emphasizing the physical spatial layout to concentrating on people, to which the "people's livelihood planning" should be conducted; and the fourth is the transformation from technical achievements to public policy platform, to which the "institutional planning" should be conducted.
The Symposium pointed out that emphases should be put on four perspectives to further facilitate the reform. First of all, efforts should be put into accelerating the reform of the city master plan, simplifying the content of the city master plan into "one plan" and "one table," enhancing the implementation assessment and supervision reform on city master plan by applying measures including "one monitor," "one publicity," and "one report." At the same time, based on the principle of who examines and approves is responsible for monitoring and has the power for approval of revision, the examination and review content of different levels of government should be clarified. Secondly, efforts should be put into highlighting distinctive urban cultural characteristics and promoting the living quality. All cities should carry out their urban designs by dividing different levels with key points. The "city repair and ecological restoration" should be promoted with great efforts, and the outlining of historic and cultural blocks and historical architecture should be conducted. Thirdly, the urban-rural governance and service level should be further promoted, by simplifying administrative procedures and delegating powers to lower levels. The "delegation, management, and service" in urban-rural planning governance should be facilitated. The overall system construction of the urban-rural planning committee should be facilitated. And the public participation mechanism should be improved to coordinate various pursuits for benefits and bring the function of urban-rural planning information management platform into full play. The fourth is to continuously promote the spatial planning at the provincial level.


and is expected to come into operation by 2009 with an annual turnover of around Tk100 crore.
and Arunachal Pradesh -- known as 'Seven Sisters', said a senior official of Pran Exports Ltd.
investment plans of Indian companies such as Tata in Bangladesh.
Paramuddin Hossain, senior manager (Export) of Pran-RFL Group.
areas of India, adding that this is one of the main reasons to choose Tripura.
Negotiations have been going on between the parties concerned about acquiring land for the project.
India will allocate a 10-acre industrial plot for the purpose.
The Indian government has also assured Pran of banking, electricity and other infrastructure facilities.
Initially Pran will employ nearly 200 people, including Bangladeshi and Indian nationals.
senior officials were present at the conference.
attended by hundreds of importers and dealers from different states of India and Nepal.
government to help the business community solve those problems through bilateral discussions.
head of MCCI said Saturday.
or Guwahati, which take much time.
documentation should be done electronically that would reduce much time.
is a lucrative market for us".
the people in both countries," he said.
would help jack up trade and investment between the twocountries.
food manufacturer and exporter of the country.
set a target of exporting products of Taka 300 crore in the current fiscal year.
PRAN products of US Dollar 3.5 million to the African country.
at US Dollar 35,000, he said.
Eastern countries is also creating barrier to widening the market.
strict measures in issuance of visa," Rahman said.
the interest of market expansion of Bangladeshi products.


text:
Fritz Haber (9. prosince 1868 Breslau – 29. ledna 1934 Basilej) byl německý fyzikální chemik. Roku 1918 získal Nobelovu cenu za vynález syntézy amoniaku z plynného dusíku a plynného vodíku, která je základem průmyslového Haber-Boschova procesu, který umožnil velkovýrobu syntetických hnojiv a výbušnin. Haber společně s Maxem Bornem navrhl Bornův–Haberův cyklus jako metodu pro zjišťování mřížkové energie iontových sloučenin.

Haber je také považován za "otce chemické války" kvůli své dlouholeté průkopnické práci na vývoji a způsobech bojového využití chlóru a dalších jedovatých plynů během první světové války, zejména jeho nasazení během druhé bitvy u Yper.

Životopis
Pocházel z bohaté židovské rodiny pruského velkoobchodníka s drogistickým zbožím. Byl zvídavým gymnaziálním a později universitním studentem s velkou touhou po vzdělání, i když s nijak skvělými studijními výsledky. Jeho největším zájmem byla chemie. Váhal mezi chemií organickou a fyzikální. Zvítězila chemie fyzikální. Celý život se Haber zajímal i o matematiku, filosofii, literaturu a poezii. Pokoušel se uplatnit v otcově obchodě nebo přímo v chemickém průmyslu. Jeho pokusy však skončily neslavně. Uplatnění našel až v univerzitní výzkumné a později pedagogické práci. Od roku 1911 byl ředitelem Institutu císaře Viléma v Berlíně. Haber byl také velmi oblíbeným univerzitním profesorem chemie. Mezi studenty byl velmi oblíbeným i když obávaným břitkým diskutérem. Dokázal bavit své nejbližší jistou dávkou komediálního a uměleckého nadání. Stal se přítelem Alberta Einsteina a dalších významných německých osobností. Přes svou kontroverzní účast na světové válce Haber nebyl žádný brutální válečník. Byl ctižádostivým vlastencem, zcela oddaným německému státu. Toužil po kariéře ve službách německého státu, třeba i v armádě, přestože ho jeho židovský původ citelně znevýhodňoval v době narůstajícího antisemitismu na přelomu 19. a 20. století.

Ypres
Haber je považován za "otce" skutečné chemické války, zrozené při chemickém útoku Němců u belgické obce Ypres dne 22. dubna 1915. Při útoku bylo vypuštěno asi 170 tun chlóru z 5 700 tlakových lahví umístěných na šestikilometrovém úseku fronty. Každá z lahví obsahovala kolem 30 kg plynu. Ocelové lahve byly opatřeny sifonovou trubkou. Tím bylo dosaženo toho, že unikat mohla kapalná fáze chlóru. Tlakové lahve byly ve svislé poloze umístěny v rozestupech jednoho metru do německých zákopů. Na uzávěry lahví byly našroubovány olověné trubice, sahající nad okraj zákopu a směřující k zákopům nepřítele. Zkapalněný chlór po vypuštění začal okamžitě vytvářet těžká žlutozelená mračna. Ta se zvolna mísila se vzduchem. Příhodný vítr hnal oblaka k pozicím nepřítele a vzhledem k tomu, že plynný chlór je dvakrát těžší než vzduch, plyn zatékal do zákopů a veškerých podzemních prostor. Chlór leptá veškeré sliznice včetně očí. Z napadených orgánů se vylévá krev. Krví se zalévá i vnitřek zasažených plic. Kolem nosu a úst se objevuje krvavá pěna. Krutá a bolestivá smrt trvá i při vysoké koncentraci plynu až deset minut. Hodiny i dny pomalého umírání čekaly ty, kdo byli zasaženi plynem o menší koncentraci. Odhady mrtvých a těžce zraněných:
 7 000 obětí zasažených chlórem, z toho 350 takřka okamžitě
 další zemřelí, tzv. z jiných než vojenských příčin, byli muži, kteří opustili zákopy a prchali před smrtícím plynem. Ti byli koseni palbou německých jednotek, postupujících za jedovatým oblakem

Nobelova cena
V roce 1918 získal Nobelovu cenu za syntézu amoniaku z dusíku a vodíku. Tento postup měl původně sloužit k rozvoji syntetických hnojiv na bázi dusičnanu amonného, tedy k ryze humánním účelům. Využit byl ovšem k naplnění obrovských materiálních potřeb německé válečné výroby výbušnin. Haber si cenu převzal až v roce 1919, neboť za svůj podíl na chlórovém útoku v Ypres se dostal na seznam válečných zločinců, hledaných po první světové válce. Po jistou dobu se musel dokonce skrývat.

Těžba zlata z mořské vody
Haber cítil jako německý vlastenec povinnost pomoci své zemi s placením válečných reparací formou zlata. Podle analýz švédského chemika Svante Arrhenia z roku 1903 měla mořská voda obsahovat na 6 mg zlata na tunu vody (6 ppb). Při této koncentraci by celkové zásoby zlata ve světových oceánech činily 8 miliard tun. Celková roční světová produkce zlata v té době obnášela několik set tun. Haber nejprve analyzoval vzorky v berlínské laboratoři. V roce 1923 zakoupil loď a čtyři roky plul po světových oceánech; analýzy mu ovšem vycházely nižší a Haber z důvodu nerentability projekt vzdal.

Cyklon B
Začátkem 20. let Haber vyřešil relativně bezpečný způsob výroby vysoce toxického kyanovodíku. Původní záměr byl opět vysoce humánní: zbavit ubytovací a skladové prostory zejména ve vojenských prostorech obtížného hmyzu či hlodavců. Využití našel tento objev opět u armády. Obchodní jméno nového prostředku: Cyklon B. Bylo jím zavražděno i několik blízkých Haberových příbuzných.

Akademická fundovanost kolektivu, který měl Haber k dispozici pro rozvoj chemického válčení, byla udivující. Jeden z členů Haberova vědeckého kolektivu Franz Richardt o tom napsal:

Haber pátral po všech odbornících na fyziku a chemii, o kterých se kdy doslechl ... V době mého příchodu už zde byli, mimo jiné, doktor Kerschbaum, Haberův technický pobočník, (později emigroval do Spojených států), profesor Otto Hahn, který později rozbil atomové jádro a dostal Nobelovu cenu, profesor James Franck (fyzik, který později emigroval do Spojených států a získal Nobelovu cenu), profesor Hans Geiger, který později zkonstruoval Geiger-Müllerův počítač, profesor Walter Madelung, později pracující na universitě ve Freiburgu v oblasti barvářské chemie, profesor Wilhelm Westphal, neurolog, a mnoho dalších.

Podle některých zdrojů se na této činnosti podíleli i další pozdější nositelé Nobelovy ceny jako fyzik Max Planck nebo chemik Emil Hermann Fischer.

Tragédie v rodině
Jeho účast na válečném dění zasáhla i jeho soukromý život. V noci na 2. května 1915 během jeho návštěvy doma krátce po dubnovém "chemickém triumfu" spáchala jeho žena Clara sebevraždu dvěma výstřely z Haberovy armádní pistole. Zemřela v náručí třináctiletého syna v zahradě jejich honosné služební vily v Berlíně-Dahlemu.

Roku 1933 na protest proti rasovým zákonům opustil nacistické Německo a odjel do Velké Británie. Zdejší klima mu však nesvědčilo, proto se přestěhoval do Švýcarska, kde také zemřel.

Je po něm pojmenován měsíční kráter Haber.

Odkazy

Reference

Literatura
 Daniel Charles, Master mind: The Rise and Fall of Fritz Haber, the Nobel Laureate Who Launched the Age of Chemical Warfare (New York: Ecco, 2005), .
 Dietrich Stoltzenberg, Fritz Haber: Chemist, Nobel Laureate, German, Jew: A Biography (Chemical Heritage Foundation, 2005), .
 Vaclav Smil, Enriching the Earth: Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch, and the Transformation of World Food Production (2001)
 Jakub Kolár, Homo Faber (Aura-Pont; nepublikováno) – divadelní hra (3. místo v dramatické soutěži o Cenu Alfréda Radoka 2010)

Externí odkazy

 nobel.se
 Fotografie ze života Fritze Habera

Židovští chemici
Němečtí chemici
Osobnosti Slezska
Nositelé Nobelovy ceny za chemii
Židovští nositelé Nobelovy ceny
Židovští vědci
Němečtí Židé
Narození v roce 1868
Narození ve Vratislavi
Úmrtí v roce 1934
Narození 9. prosince
Úmrtí 29. ledna
Úmrtí v Basileji
Němečtí nositelé Nobelovy ceny
Absolventi Humboldtovy univerzity
Absolventi Heidelberské univerzity
Členové Německé akademie věd Leopoldina
Muži
Vyučující na Humboldtově univerzitě
Fyzikální chemici

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