text:
Q: How can I maintain/edit realm database with local JSON files without overwriting existing data? I have a question/answer app with local JSON.  I want to update JSON with new questions for the table view and delete the duplicate questions that emerge in the realm database with each app reload and keep the new questions.
Based on a previously answered question, I implemented the strategy below, which provides the tableview with single question objects. I use a uuid as the primary key and each question also has an individual questionid. With each reload, a new uuid is made for each question causing duplicates in the realm database. I would like to keep only new question items upon reloading app while deleting the duplicates.  I have an example of my database below too showing what is happening.
JSON Maintenance Functions within App Delegate:
        //MARK: - Read Local JSON File

        func readLocalJSONFile(forName name: String) -> Data? {
            do {
                if let filePath = Bundle.main.path(forResource: name, ofType: "json") {
                    let fileUrl = URL(fileURLWithPath: filePath)
                    let data = try Data(contentsOf: fileUrl)

                    return data
                }
            } catch {
                print("error: \(error)")
            }
            return nil
        }

        //MARK: - Parse JSON

        func parseJSON(jsonData: Data){

            do {
                let decoder = JSONDecoder()
                let result = try decoder.decode([Question].self, from: jsonData)
                if realm.object(ofType: Question.self, forPrimaryKey: "_id" ) != nil{

                } else{
                try realm.write{

                    for question in result{

                     let questionClass = Question()
                     questionClass._id = question._id
                     questionClass.questionid = question.questionid
                     questionClass.date = question.date
                     questionClass.text = question.text
                     questionClass.answer1 = question.answer1
                     questionClass.answer2 = question.answer2
                     questionClass.answer3 = question.answer3
                     questionClass.answer4 = question.answer4
                     questionClass.score = question.score
                     questionClass.color = question.color
                     self.realm.add(questionClass, update: .modified)

                        }
                    }
                }

            }catch {
                    print(error)
                }

            }

        //MARK: - Data Manipulation Methods

        func loadProfiles(){

            if let localData = readLocalJSONFile(forName: K.minketClues) {
                    parseJSON(jsonData: localData)

                }

        func deleteAllRealm() {
            try! realm.write {
                realm.deleteAll()
        }
        }

      }

        loadProfiles()

Question Model
class Question: Object, Decodable{

    @objc dynamic var _id: String = UUID().uuidString
    @objc dynamic var questionid: Int = 0
    @objc dynamic var date: String = ""
    @objc dynamic var text: String  = ""
    @objc dynamic var answer1: String = ""
    @objc dynamic var answer2: String = ""
    @objc dynamic var answer3: String = ""
    @objc dynamic var answer4: String = ""
    @objc dynamic var score: Bool = false
    @objc dynamic var color: String = "#30336b"
    let answers = List<Answers>()

    private enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey { case _id,questionid,date,text,answer1,answer2,answer3,answer4}

    required init(from decoder: Decoder) throws{
        let container = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)

      //  _id = try container.decode(Int.self, forKey: ._id)
        questionid = try container.decode(Int.self, forKey: .questionid)
        date = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .date)
        text = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .text)
        answer1 = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .answer1)
        answer2 = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .answer2)
        answer3 = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .answer3)
        answer4 = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .answer4)
        super.init()
    }

    override static func primaryKey() -> String?
    {
        return "_id"
    }

    required override init()
    {
        super.init()
    }

    required init(value: Any, schema: RLMSchema)
    {
        super.init()
    }

    required init(realm: RLMRealm, schema: RLMObjectSchema)
    {
        super.init()
    }

}

UPDATE/POTENTIAL SOLUTION:
         func parseJSON(jsonData: Data){

            do {
                let decoder = JSONDecoder()
                let result = try decoder.decode([Question].self, from: jsonData)

                    for question in result{

                         let questionClass = Question()
                         questionClass._id = question._id
                         questionClass.questionid = question.questionid
                         questionClass.date = question.date
                         questionClass.text = question.text
                         questionClass.answer1 = question.answer1
                         questionClass.answer2 = question.answer2
                         questionClass.answer3 = question.answer3
                         questionClass.answer4 = question.answer4
                         questionClass.score = question.score
                         questionClass.color = question.color

                        if let currentObject = realm.object(ofType:Question.self, forPrimaryKey: question.questionid){
                            questionClass.score = currentObject.score
                            questionClass.color = currentObject.color
                        }
                        try! realm.write{
                            realm.add(questionClass, update: .modified)
                        }

                        }

            }catch {
                    print(error)
                }

            }


Vaxjo will meet Brynas at their Vida Arena to play their next game of the Swedish Higher Hockey League. Usually these sides demonstrate a moderate scoring performance. Will they end this match with under 5,5 in total?
Vaxjo are the third team of the Swedish Hockey League. The Lakers earned fifty-three points after thirty-one games. The second-ranked Frolunda have fifty-four points and the leader Lulea – fifty-five points. The hosts have seventeen wins and fourteen losses in their record. Recently Sam Hallam's guys beat mentioned above Lulea and Timra with the same score 3:2, at away and home, respectively. They have eight games with over 5,5. This is the lowest mark in the league.
Brynas possess the eighth rank in the league. The guests have fourteen wins and seventeen losses, seventy-two goals for and seventy-eight goals against. This calendar year they played two home games and won over mentioned above Frolunda 2:1 (in the overtime) and lost to Rogle with a huge score 1:4. Magnus Sundqvist's guys have eleven games with over 5,5 in total.
This season Vaxjo and Brynas met twice at Gavlerinken Arena. There these sides played with under 5,5 in total.
Vaxjo and Brynas demonstrate a moderate scoring within the season including both H2H meetings. We expect they will play under 5,5 again.
Here you will find the HOCKEY prediction for the match of Vaxjo & Brynas of the SHL, Sweden. The prediction is prepared by our analytical team and is based on the latest news of the SHL, Vaxjo and Brynas stats and lineups, insider news and our team's expert analysis. We publish our free betting tips and HOCKEY predictions to help you win more. You can use the information from this Vaxjo - Brynas match preview for your own purposes. The odds are valid at the moment of publication.


The exhibition will present works by Czech, Icelandic and Norwegian artists, directly or indirectly inspired by what the group experienced during a series of three interdisciplinary expeditions to the subarctic regions of Norway, the brown coal basin in northern Bohemia, and the highlands and seashores of Iceland.
The challenges of fostering collaboration among artists working together for the first time served also as an artistic and social experiment into the customs of countries that are geographically, artistically and culturally rather remote from each other. As a consequence, the exhibition reveals a broad spectrum of individual attitudes, interpretations, strategies and responses related to the specifics of three types of landscape. In a deeper sense, the works produced reveal shared concerns, and also express the need to reconcile these findings with existing perceptions. The exhibition is part of the international Frontiers of Solitude project, which focuses on current transformations of the landscape and the close connections between our post-industrial civilization and nature, and fosters collaboration and an exchange of experiences between individual artists, researchers and initiatives across Europe.
The exhibition will be accompanied by a comprehensive Czech-English catalogue.
The theme of the exhibition will be further elaborated by the interdisciplinary Frontiers of Solitude symposium, co-organised and hosted by the French Institute in Prague. It will offer a comparison of opinions, experiences, and points of view of artists, curators, and other invited guests on the themes of the Anthropocene, landscape and art. It will search for relationships between the cultural, political, and economic aspects of our understanding, and present denotations of words such as Earth, countryside, landscape, and land, including the topography of transitional zones, with an eye on both establishing and crossing over boundaries and limitations. The participating artists, art critics, architects, environmentalists, sociologist, philisophers and scientists have different cultural and professional backgrounds, but they all share a sincere, long-term interest in the impact of human activity on the landscape and Earths ecosystems.
How can we express and capture in humanrather than statisticalterms, both the visible and invisible transformations that the landscape undergoes, both locally and globally, with regard to the entire biosphere and climate? Does contemporary art make it possible to orient ourselves within this unstable and ever-changing territory? Do frequent art projects, festivals, and interdisciplinary conferences on the theme of Anthropocene offer viable approaches, possibilities or solutions?
Both the exhibition and the symposium are part of the Frontiers of Solitude project, which is supported by a grant from Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway through the EEA Grants (Program CZ06 Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Arts). The project is a joint initiative of the Skolska 28 Gallery (Deai/setkn),Atelier Nord and Skaftfell Center for Visual Arts.


text:
what grade is land o lakes butter
Keep Refrigerated. I have aexclusively used your product for many years. To ensure we are able to help you as best we can, please include your reference number. Land O'Lakes was founded on July 8, 1921, in Saint Paul, Minnesota, by representatives from 320 cooperative creameries as the Minnesota Cooperative Creameries Association.This organization aimed to improve marketing and quality of butter, and thus increase the profitability of dairying.. That's why more and more consumers are turning to LAND O LAKES® Spreadable Butter with Canola Oil with only three pure, natural and simple ingredients -- sweet cream, canola oil, and salt -- all of which are easily pronounceable. = 2 cups. Land O'Lakes, Inc. distributes and produces dairy products. In 1939, she was redesigned as a native maiden kneeling in a farm field holding a butter box. We use cookies and other technologies to customize your experience, perform analytics and deliver personalized advertising on our sites, apps and newsletters and across the Internet based on your interests. Been using Land O Lakes butter since forever. I leave mine in the butter dish next to my stove. And where ingredients are concerned, less is more. Current Price. Sorry, but we can't respond to individual comments.If you need immediate assistance, please contact Customer Care. Consumers can enjoy how soft and easy it is to spread whether they try the 8-ounce tub or the convenient 15-ounce tub. Melted, browned, or clarified, Land O Lakes Salted Butter is the all-purpose butter that improves the taste of everything it touches. It's the original sweet cream butter that never lets your taste buds down. About Land O'Lakes Activate to move to this slide. Keep refrigerated. Please take a minute to review our Privacy Policy. LAND O LAKES® Spreadable Butter with Canola Oil spreads beautifully over hot toast, freshly-baked blueberry muffins, fluffy pancakes, delicious waffles and flaky croissants. The grades are determined first by flavor characteristics, and then body, color and salt content. We're having technical issues, but we'll be back in a flash. Pull to open. The USDA defines butter as a food product made exclusively from milk and cream, containing at least 80% milkfat by weight (when people say butter is fattening-- it's no joke!). 648. See more details at. suppliers and others provide what you see here, Check out more from Liz Crenshaw's Consumer Watch. Grade AA is the highest possible grade; Grade AA butter must achieve a numerical score of 93 out of 100 points based on its aroma, flavour, and texture. Salt (if present) must be completely dissolved and thoroughly distributed. This button opens a dialog that displays additional images for this product with the option to zoom in or out. This is the best butter at most groceries, without going up to the very expensive imports like Kerry Gold. Ask Liz a question by clicking here. Instructions: Measurements1 stick = 1/2 cup.1 lb. For the 411 on butter, visit the USDA's website. Land O'Lakes. ©Copyright 1997-2015, Vocus PRW Holdings, LLC. May be kept up to 4 months if frozen. I don't know what has changed but it wasn't for the good. 1885. Fresh Buttery Taste® Spread. I have used this brand for so many years. Good news — You can still get free 2-day shipping, free pickup, & more. Best if opened by the sell-date that?s listed on the package. Fresh Buttery Taste® Spread. The lady's tweet -- which has resurfaced and since gone viral -- reads in clear terms, "Land O Lakes can kiss this butter buyer's ass. If you would like to share feedback with us about pricing, delivery or other customer service issues, please contact, Electrode, Comp-f4f59fee-9ecf-4875-87ee-b530e664d730, DC-eus2-prod-a9, ENV-prod-a, PROF-PROD, VER-20.0.40, SHA-41ed8468826085770503056bd2c9bc8be5b55386, CID-442ff290-007-17607a31de0eea, Generated: Fri, 27 Nov 2020 02:58:19 GMT, Electrode, Comp-f1a4cd13-bd32-4a4d-a79c-cc458151f321, DC-eus2-prod-a3, ENV-prod-a, PROF-PROD, VER-37.11.0, SHA-6f6c0a6db56bc4f3b05e999d7ba2f2f20982ac05, CID-cec88579-007-17607b2d468e49, Generated: Fri, 27 Nov 2020 03:15:29 GMT, Error: Please enter a valid ZIP code or city and state. Every stick has the FlavorProtect® Wrapper to protect the fresh dairy flavor you know and love. We're having technical issues, but we'll be back in a flash. The Company markets and sells butter, milk, spreads, cheese, and other related products, as well as manufactures food products. Land O'Lakes. Land O Lakes® Unsalted Butter has no added salt, giving you the pure, sweet cream taste you love and the flavor control you need when baking, cooking or topping. We've heard it over and over again. Activate to move to this slide, slide 3 of 3, Learn the good & bad for 250,000+ products. 4.9 out of 5 stars with 648 reviews. Your email address will never be sold or distributed to a third party for any reason. Melted, browned, or clarified, Land O Lakes Salted Butter is the all-purpose butter that improves the taste of everything it touches. Where many spreads have as many as 17 ingredients, our delicious, spreadable butter with canola oil has only three. By clicking "I agree" below, you consent to the use by us and our third-party partners of cookies and data gathered from your use of our platforms. Also, I like the wrapper they use. I have bought other, cheaper brands like store brands, and they are never good. My family has been a Land O Lakes family since I can remember. Land O Lakes is my favorite butter. It's ideal for topping a piping hot baked potato or your favorite vegetable. = 2 cups. Mia was originally created for Land O'Lakes packaging in 1928. $2.39. It's the classic, rich taste of butter, with no cholesterol. Purity Farms - Ghee Organic Clarified Butter - 13 oz, slide 2 of 3, It's the original sweet cream butter that never lets your taste buds down. It keeps the other foods in the refrigerator from soaking into the butter. Your email address will never be sold or distributed to a third party for any reason. Butter comes in three grades: AA, A, and B. By clicking "I agree" below, you consent to the use by us and our third-party partners of cookies and data gathered from your use of our platforms. 70% less saturated fat than butter, Land O Lakes® Fresh Buttery Taste® Spread lives up to its name.
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what grade is land o lakes butter 2020

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Harman has named Mohit Parasher, 47, as executive VP and president for the Professional Solutions division, effective immediately. The appointment sees the exit of Blake Augsburger, who has led this part of the technology company (formerly the Professional division, restructured in the last six months to form Professional Solutions) since 2007.
The change follows Harman International Industries CEO Dinesh Paliwal's earnings call to investors at the end of April, when he said he was "not satisfied" with certain aspects of the business' growth, and that "decisive steps" had been taken to improve the cost structure.
Parasher (pictured) was previously VP and general manager for Harman's Consumer Audio and Professional Solutions businesses in Asia Pacific.
Parasher steps directly into Augsburger's old role, and is now responsible for all worldwide operations, strategy and performance of the Professional Solutions division, the "world's largest professional audio, lighting, video and control products and systems organisation", encompassing brands such as JBL, AKG, Soundcraft and Studer, and recent acquisitions such as AMX and Martin Professional.
The probability of the change to senior management was signposted in Harman's Q3 (January-March 2016) earnings call to financial investors at NASDAQ. In the call on 28 April (as transcribed by SeekingAlpha.com), Paliwal revealed that, despite an overall improvement in the company's performance, and sales of $6.7bn for the 12 months ending 31 March, results across the divisions were "mixed".
"We continue to face some macroeconomic and transitional challenges in our Professional Solutions and Connected Services divisions," Paliwal said, reporting that the "Brazil[ian] and certain European markets continued to be soft".
He said the transition of the business from product-based (Harman Professional) to solutions-based (Harman Professional Solutions) was "absolutely… the right structure".
"We have put considerable effort in aligning our internal resources, training or replacing our sales team, along with the distribution channel partners they work through.
But, he noted, he was "not satisfied with this performance or the timeline".
Parasher has been with Harman for two years, and held previous senior roles with telecommunications giant Bharti Airtel and Sony Europe.


Draw a line with your mouse while avoiding walls and other obstacles.
Draw a line with your mouse while avoiding walls and other obstacles. The goal of the line game is to work your way through the maze and find the exit (green circle) in as little time as possible. Collect the limes along the way to increase your time limit and set a checkpoint for the level.
The Line Game can be difficult when negotiating tight passages and searching for the correct path to take to the finish. Some levels have multiple routes (some are more difficult than others) which adds to the replay value when competing for the fastest times and hi-scores.
Use your mouse to lead your line through the maze.


Victor Bjelajac, district supervisor for northwestern California state parks, offered a historical lesson about protecting park lands from a 1948 California parks manual.
After his welcoming remarks, Steve Mietz, Redwoods National Park superintendent, spent a lot of time greeting visitors at the event and posing for photos.
Candace Tinkler, Redwood National Park employee, monitored the "guess the number of rings in this redwood slab" contest at one of the many information and entertainment booths.
A Save the Redwoods League "redwood" rocked out to the music by Saritah.
A Save the Redwoods League "redwood" met up with tree-hugger Redwoods National Park employee Brad Maggetti.
One of the most popular booths was the mask-making table; later, children with the masks participated in a parade.
Saritah (Sarah Louise Newman, an Australian-based singer-songwriter) and her group offered one of the live-music sets at the event.
Masks and salmon cut-outs awaited the children's parade behind the Save the Redwoods League booth.
Children assisted the bird puppeteers from Save the Redwoods League as they circled the event grounds.
Sunny Jengeleski, of Fortuna, assisted her young son, James, as he played with one of the interactive informational exhibits.
Marty O'Reilly and members of the Old Soul Orchestra unplugged from the stage and gathered attendees in a large crowd around them on the asphalt as they ended with an acoustic set.
During a break from the speeches and music performances on the distant stage, Marty O'Reilly and members of the Old Soul Orchestra gathered attendees in a large crowd around them on the asphalt as they ended with an acoustic set.
Event organizers broke out four cakes to help attendees celebrate the 50th anniversary of Redwoods National Park and 100 years of redwoods conservation.
Masked children and adults joined in with a brown bear among salmon placards floating among two "rivers" (the long blue ribbons) in a parade around the event grounds in late afternoon.


U.S. weapons maker Lockheed Martin Corp and German peer Rheinmetall AG said on Thursday they will make a joint bid to supply the German navy with MH-60R Seahawk helicopters built by Lockheed's Sikorsky unit.
Europe's Airbus (AIR.PA) is also likely to bid for the contract with its NH90 Sea Lion multi-role naval helicopter, as is AgustaWestland, part of Italy's Leonardo Finmeccanica SpA (LDOF.MI), which built the current fleet of helicopters.
"With this Letter of Intent, Rheinmetall and Sikorsky are prepared to strengthen their partnership in support of the German military and look forward to offering the MH-60R Seahawk as the replacement for the current fleet of Sea Lynx helicopters," Sikorsky said in a statement.
U.S. weapons maker Lockheed Martin Corp and German peer Rheinmetall AG (RHMG.DE) said on Thursday they will make a joint bid to supply the German navy with MH-60R Seahawk helicopters built by Lockheed's Sikorsky unit.


MEMPHIS, TN (WMC) - A man's family told WMC Action News 5 they want answers after they said an officer killed their loved one when they mistook him for someone else.
The MPD officer stopped a car for a broken headlight in the 5700 block of Winchester Road. The officer issued the driver a ticket and let him go. However, the passenger, Darrius Stewart, 19, was placed in the back seat of a police car to verify warrants police said he had.
Police say when the officer opened the back door to handcuff Stewart, he kicked the door and attacked the officer. During the fight, Stewart grabbed the officer's handcuffs and swung them at him. The officer grabbed his gun and shot Stewart to end the fight. WMC Action News 5 has video of the attack. Stewart later died at the hospital.
Stewart's family members said they want answers. They said police gave them no information about what happened. They said he did not have any warrants like police claim.
Memphis Police held a press conference Monday to address the situation.
"Anytime an officer discharges their weapon in the line of duty the outcome can be devastating on the community and the officer involved," said MPD Director Toney Armstrong.
The case has been turned over to the TBI for further review. Police still have not confirmed if the warrants belonged to Stewart.
"We are going to be transparent and get to the bottom of what happened and why it happened," Armstrong said.
Stewart's family and friends said that's not like him.
"He was sweet. He was nice. He wouldn't harm a fly," said Nyliah Stewart.
Police have not said if the shooting was justified.
Stewart's family and friends, who are still trying to make sense of what happened, said the officer went too far.
"He's nothing but 19 and weigh 120," said childhood friend Derrick Patterson. "Anything, why couldn't they pepper spray him, why'd they have to just shoot him?"
Ashley Caldwell of the Mid-South Peace and Justice Center said she is sick of hearing about more and more cases like this one.
"It makes me feel sad that this is still happening and continuing to happen," Caldwell said.
Caldwell believes the city needs more civilian oversight and police body cameras.
"[Those] will help tie up a lot of the loose end questions that a lot of people still have," she said.
Mike Williams from the Memphis Police Association said he cannot speak on the case, but said the use of deadly force is usually justified if an officer feels their life or someone else's life is in danger.
"It could have went either way," Williams said. "Would it have been better if we had a police officer laying out there dead right now? No, it would not have been. It is not okay that we have a young man who is dead. I'm not going to sit here and let you beat me in the face with handcuffs. That's not going to happen, because you can kill me. I'm not going to let you pull a knife on me."
Former US Attorney David Kustoff believes MPD could adequately investigate one of its own.
"To have the TBI come in and do the investigation, they're going to act as an independent examiner. They're an honest broker, and they're going to call it the way they see it," Kustoff said.
Stewart's family is planning the funeral. They are also having a prayer vigil Saturday.
The officer is on paid leave as MPD investigates.


The Mandalay Airport is the largest airport in the country. Myanmar airport information; live departure and arrival information, route plans, low-cost and traditional airlines, all in one place. For a detailed map of Yangon Airport (RGN) see below. Use map navigation tools to adjust the map size and zoom level of Yangon Airport map.
These are a list of airports in Burma (Myanmar), grouped by type and location.
You know if there used to be an airfield in or near this place? I' ve verified three different image data sets - there is no airfield near this place. It is not safe in terms of safety (nothing prevents passengers from going from the departure and arrival area of the terminals to the runway), but all in all it is an very fast and very good one.
Please refresh the contact information for general inquiries, especially found items.
Here you will find information about airports in Myanmar.
Here you will find information about airports in Myanmar. Please use the following link to find out more about Myanmar airports: places, itineraries, take-offs and landings, etc. For a low-cost Myanmar ticket, select from the Myanmar ticket lists below, or use the link on the page for more information.
Above is the airport listing of Myanmar. These include all Myanmar airports - international airports, domestic airports, army and residential airports, etc..... When you are visiting Myanmar or travelling to any town in Myanmar, knowing about the airports and other ways to get there is very useful.
Yangon Airport (RGN) is shown below. Use map navigational utilities to customize the map size and zooming of Yangon Airport map. To find and reserve accommodation near Yangon Airport, Burma, please use the booking request below the map. Reserve a Yangon Airport near a Yangon Airport property now.
The Yangon Airport Hotels: low prices, no reservation charges, no cancels. Founded in 1996, Bookings.com has long been Europe's leading provider of on-line accommodation. We' ve also compiled a well-chosen selection of suggested properties near Yangon Airport (RGN), Burma, only those with the highest visitor SATs.
A lot of pictures and impartial ratings from genuine customers will help you make your reservation decisions. Luxurious properties (including 5-star and 4-star hotels) and low-cost Yangon airports, Burma properties (with the best discounts and current airports ) are both available in separately-list.
Yangon International Airports Hotel, arranged by city. The Yangon International is the closest international airports to the following favorite locations. We' re looking for over 500 registered rent avehicles to find the best rates at Yangon International Airports. Check out the latest from major vehicle rentals such as Avis, Europcar, Sixt and Thrifty as well as great value holiday cars, Economy, EasyCar, Economy, Holiday Cars and 121 coaches.
Select Yangon Airport Rent a Vehicle according to your wishes. No need to search multiple sites and check rates to find a low-cost airport cheap vehicle for Yangon - we'll do it for you! Here is a list of the closest Yangon Airport stations.


text:
Q: What design pattern is this? I'm struggling to come up with the name of a design pattern that I need to write about. I've been lead to think it was abstraction but apparently not.
Let's say I had a driver class which has a Drive method:
public void Drive()
{
    if(IsOnGasPedal)
    {
        //Lots of code
    }
    if(IsOnBrake)
    {
        //Lots of code
    }
    if(IsOnClutch)
    {
        //Lots of code
    }
}

And I change the method to:
public void Drive()
{
    if(IsOnGasPedal)
    {
        Car.Gas()
    }
    if(IsOnBrake)
    {
        Car.Brake()
    }
    if(IsOnClutch)
    {
        Car.Clutch()
    }
}

I have moved the complex and long code into separate methods in my Car property so that the Drive method is more organised. This is an example of refactoring but that is not the word. I thought it was either encapsulation or abstraction but I can't get any solid answers. What is this pattern called?

A: To be clear, none of "refactoring", "abstraction" or "encapsulation" are design patterns.
Neither is what you posted. As you say, it is a refactoring. Specifically, it is the one that Martin Fowler named Extract Method. The definition is "Turn the fragment into a method whose name explains the purpose of the method.", which is precisely what you are doing.
It does also fall under the definition of abstraction. Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs, for example, describes this as:

[The means] by which compound elements can be named and manipulated as units.

Compound elements, in this case, would refer to the multiple expressions which make up the extracted methods.

A: Arguably it is simply the application of structured programming which was named long before design patterns were born.
As a refactoring, you can call what you have done 'Extract method'

A: Well I think people are missing the point that you're delegating the behavior that was once in the Driver class into the Car class, so it's not really Extract Method because otherwise it would be in the same class. This is either simple composition (not a DP) but if you want to be kind, it might be an implementation of Strategy, which some people do consider a design pattern.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Lawyers are licensed by a state agency in each state. That agency can help you to find out if a person has a law license and is permitted to practice in a particular state. Select a state from the list to the left for the agency in your state.
Phone the New Hampshire Bar Association (603-224-6942) to determine if a person is licensed to practice law and in good standing in the state.
Phone the Oklahoma Bar Association (405-416-7000) to determine if a person is licensed to practice law and in good standing in the state.
Phone the State Bar of South Dakota (605-224-7554) to determine if a person is licensed to practice law and in good standing in the state.
Visit https://www.vermontjudiciary.org/LC/attylicensing.aspx and select link for "Attorneys in Good Standing."


On Friday 14th November, everyone came to school dressed as their hero to raise funds for the Children In Need Appeal. We had a great day and the school had never been safer than today! We had a whole range of heroes from nurses and ninjas to Martin Luther King Jr and James Bond! Not only did we all have fun but almost £200was raised for this good cause.


Beer and pizza are two of my favorite things. After a full day attending the Social Cities of Tomorrow conference in Amsterdam, I took a leisurely walk back to my hotel through the Jordaan district of the city.
I was lucky to find the 't Arendsnest beer bar which serves "Dutch beer only!" from seemingly most of the beer brewers in The Netherlands (although I did not notice any Heineken there?). They have 30 or so beers on tap and over 100 in bottles including a selection of Dutch abbey beers. I didn't realize that The Netherlands also had abby breweries (they are not all in Belgium).
I tasted two pilsner type beers and an India Pale Ale, all three were draft. All three were really good, very hoppy and clean tasting. They have a beer sampler for 7.50 Euros for three 12cl tastes, but I ordered normal size 25cl glasses and wound up paying 10 Euros with tip. Both bar tenders were fluent in English and happy to guide me to the right beers. They have some 'bar food' and many of the locals shared cheese plates, but the food did not seem to be the main point here! They also have tastings and things so it would be worth checking he website to learn if something interesting is going on when you visit.
After my beer I remembered walking by what looked like a great pizza place the day before: it had a wood burning oven, only served pizza and advertised "Italian slow food". So I decided to try and find it again. I retraced my steps, found the right canal (Prinsengracht), turned down the Elandsgracht (Jordaan Park), left on 1ste Looiersdwarsstraat walked to number 4 and Pazzi was open with room at the bench they have for people who want to eat their pizza in the shop.
I ordered a Margarita, the pizza I use to compare pizzerias, and sat down to wait. About 3 minutes later I was served a great pizza: crisp thin crust, tart sauce, good amount of buffalo milk mozzarella cheese. By this time I was sharing the bench with a couple women who were splitting a quatro formaggio (served here with rucola) and two guys on my right who had both ordered Piccante pizzas. Apparently the Piccante pizzas were not spicy enough for the guys and they asked me to pass the hot pepper olive oil (that's when I asked them what kind of pizza they had since it was not entirely clear by looking).
So, a fabulous gourmet evening for me in Amsterdam! All my photos from 't Arendsnest and Pazzi on Flickr. My Amsterdam photos on Flickr.


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Report: Russia Is Building an Internet "Off Switch"
By Grey One / November 5, 2015 May 19, 2016 / Leave a Comment / News
Could Russia be pursuing a policy of "Internet sovereignty" that would allow the government to isolate the country's Internet users from the rest of the world at will? That's what Newsweek suggests in a recent report on Russian online censorship.
As the article notes, Internet censorship in Russia has increased steadily in recent years as the government has moved to rein in the growing number of people with broadband Internet access. Sites have been blocked and authorities have paid Internet users to create content that praises the government.
Russia has also enacted a law that will require companies to store data on Internet users using servers inside the country. That will facilitate government censorship, while also discouraging foreign Internet companies from operating in Russia. The new law takes effect January 1, 2016.
And in the most interesting part of the report, Newsweek suggests that the Russian government is "looking for an Internet 'off switch'" that it can use to disable online services at will. Toward that end, the government reportedly experimented last month with solutions for segmenting Russian Internet users from the rest of the Web.
The government has denied such reports. But given the other online censorship activities of Russian authorities, attempts to isolate Russia's Internet would not be out of character.
Circumventing Censorship in Russia
If there's a bright side to the current state of Internet censorship in Russia, it's that there is so far little evidence that the government is working to prevent tools like Tor or VPNs from working in the country. Russian authorities denounced Tor earlier this year, but — unlike their counterparts in China — they have apparently not invested in the technology that would actually block Tor, or even VPNs.
That means that — at least for now — basic solutions for circumventing online censorship should continue to work in Russia.
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How Preferences Have Corrupted Higher Education
John M. Ellis
Racial Preferences
Review: Modern Jewish Women Writers in America, ed. Evelyn Avery
John M. Ellis is professor emeritus of literature at the University of California, Santa Cruz, and president of the California Association of Scholars; [email protected]. He is a founder and former governing council member of the Association of Literary Scholars and Critics. This address was originally presented at "Race and Gender Preferences at the Crossroads," a conference organized by the California Association of Scholars and cosponsored by the American Civil Rights Institute and the Center for Equal Opportunity, held January 19, 2008, at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
My colleague Rick Sanders has shown that some unintended consequences of preferences undermine their intent and so produce exactly the opposite result—the intended beneficiaries are harmed rather than helped.[1] But the unintended consequences of an action don't only impact what that action was trying to achieve. The first law of unintended consequences is that you can never know what they will be or how far they will reach. Like a wildfire, they easily get out of control and start to cause devastation in places that are remote from where they started.
My concern is with the unintended consequences of preferences that have damaged higher education in general. To understand the magnitude of this damage we need to think of it as systemic—that is, damage to the entire system of thought and behavior on college campuses. It begins with changes to the way in which a relatively small number of students and faculty are brought into colleges and universities, and that might seem to be a circumscribed kind of change that would not touch anything else that is going on there. But systemic damage happens when small changes trigger other changes, and those lead to still others, until the chain of reactions adds up to something that overwhelms the system.
This story of the series of changes initiated by preferences begins in the 1970s, as pressure slowly grew for colleges and universities to admit more minority and women students, and to hire more minority and women faculty. Soon this pressure became intense, and every new faculty appointment was expected to help increase the numbers of minority and women faculty. Many departments began to do what was expected of them, and in the humanities and social sciences almost all did.
Inevitably, the people who were most enthusiastic about the need for preferences in faculty hiring were the ones who were most influential in the making of those appointments. And just as inevitably, the kinds of people they looked for and appointed shared in that enthusiasm. But enthusiasm for affirmative action correlated with something else, and that was a set of beliefs about why it was needed. Both the people who made the appointments and the people they appointed had a strong sense of the injustices of the past, of the need to break with it and its values, and to remake society in a new image.
Traditionally, when new faculty appointees were being evaluated, what had always mattered most was intellectual curiosity and a capacity for developing new ideas, but in this new atmosphere the quality that came to the fore was not intellectual flexibility but its opposite: a determined commitment to the need for major social change. There is a well-known name for people who think this way: they are called political radicals. The shared enthusiasm for affirmative action thus correlated with a shared political philosophy. And so we now have the first major unintended consequence of preferences in faculty hiring: as the number of these new appointees mounted, the entire political complexion of the faculty was slowly tilted, not to the left, but to the radical left.
If anyone had ever proposed a result like that as an explicit goal, it would have been strongly opposed by the college faculty of the time. A broad consensus then existed that the mindset needed for academic teaching and research was quite different from that of a political radical. Academics need to let their conclusions go wherever facts and logic want to take them. Their business is original thought and new ideas, and that is always unknown territory. By contrast political radicals have a fixed mental framework and they can't let the argument go where it wants to go, because they know in advance where it must go. College-level teaching is all about getting students to sift evidence and weigh alternative explanations intelligently, and you can't do that if you only want to lead them to a fixed point that has no alternatives. That won't teach them to analyze issues and think for themselves—all it will do is give them a new set of beliefs, and you don't need college teaching for that. That is why political radicals were never thought to be well suited to academic work; their thought processes are un-academic, even anti-academic. They don't have the habit of examining competing explanations and carefully weighing how new evidence might change their relative standing, but instead the quite different habit of assimilating new evidence to their one existing explanation in any way they can.
And so, when preferences had the unexpected consequence of adding many politically radical people to college faculties, that amounted to adding people whose mindset made it hard for them to think like academics. Not surprisingly, this soon leads to more unintended consequences. A college department that operates according to the academic values of analysis and inquiry is bound to be constraining for people who don't share those values, and accordingly they soon press for new departments of their own where they will make their own rules—not academic ones. New departments of women's studies, black studies, ethnic studies, and others like them soon arise. Only in the era of preferences was this possible. In the early seventies, the idea of a separate black studies department was generally rejected whenever it was raised. The spirit of that time called for integration, not segregation, and everyone then recognized that black history or women's history was first and foremost history. It needed a historian's skills and could only be evaluated by a historian's standards in an environment of other historians. For academics, the historian's methodology was basic, and the particular topic incidental. But for political radicals the reverse was true, and so the new departments were in effect a series of little anti-academies within the academy, places where un-academic thought and behavior could thrive in a general environment where they did not belong. The typical voice in those departments was not the careful, analytical speech of academic life, but instead the strident, carelessly expressed, and poorly supported conspiracy theories of street politics. The University of Colorado's infamous Ward Churchill was not an isolated case but a typical phenomenon of these new departments.
New departments needed additional faculty to staff them, which meant still more political radicals added to the faculty, and ever greater campus influence for radicalism. Even so, they were still very far from a majority, and so one might have expected their influence to be limited, especially since they were out of step with the values of the rest of the academy. But in point of fact that was precisely why they were so effective. Their behavior was so unlike that of academics that administrations and faculty alike were completely unprepared for dealing with them. Academics are used to going their own individual way, whether in pursuit of a research program that they define for themselves, or in a classroom for which they set the agenda. Organizing them is like herding cats.
But political radicals knew very well how to organize themselves for a common goal, and how in doing so to create pressures that academics could not handle. In the academic world, reason and analysis had always been the most powerful weapons in any dispute, but that was only because everyone on campus had agreed that they were. When a group suddenly appeared among them that refused to respect the supremacy of reasoned argument and instead used the political means of demonstrations, sit-ins, and disruptions, academics seemed helpless. Their trusted weapons now seemed like bows and arrows in the age of tank warfare. The new appointees had the added advantage that the regime of preferences soon came to resemble a moral crusade on campus, and they were central to that crusade. In any confrontation, opposition to them could easily be made to seem simply immoral.
The unintended consequences of preferences had now developed through the initial stage of simply more radicalism on campus, on to separate radical departments and finally to major radical influence on campus—which meant that something that was completely out of step with the core values of academic life had now gained considerable influence over it. This is obviously a very unstable state of affairs, and it's not surprising that yet more unintended consequences soon followed. But what followed next was the most important consequence of all—and that was radical change in the curriculum.
To understand quite how destructive this proved to be for all students, not just preferentially admitted students, we need to remember the original rationale of preferences. They were intended to make high quality public education accessible to people who had not previously enjoyed it, so that they could achieve equality with people who had. In previous generations, excellent public education had been the engine of social change for the large immigrant populations of, for example, Italians and Jews in New York, and Irish in Boston, and soon enough the result was senators, Supreme Court justices, and even presidents from those groups.
Paper academic qualifications in themselves could not produce results like these. They happened when people were given a thorough grounding in the accumulated knowledge and wisdom of their civilization—its history, institutions, constitutional framework, literature, and science. Exposure to the best of their society's achievements and thought gave them the trained minds of broadly educated people who as a consequence were able to participate fully in that society and enjoy all of its blessings. The original intent of preferences was for this to happen again with another group of have-nots, but to speed up the process. The trouble was that preferences didn't speed it up. On the contrary, they slowed it down. They didn't give access to this kind of transformative education—they took it away.
The obstacle to real educational progress for minorities that now surfaced had its roots in the fact that political radicals don't look at the past and see accumulated knowledge and wisdom, nor do they look at their society with respect for its institutions and achievements. Their natural instinct is to denigrate society as it is and has been, in order to make the case for the sweeping social change that they think is necessary. The only lesson they want to teach concerning the past is that it was bad and that its achievements do not deserve respect. What this meant was that the kind of education that in past generations had raised up low-status immigrant groups would stand in the way of a radical social agenda.
Accordingly, the newer faculty set out to dismantle the curriculum that had previously served as the engine of progress to full equality, because they did not want the have-not groups of the present to have access to it and so assimilate to society's mainstream, where they would simply add further strength to the forces that stood in the way of radical social change. Freshman core courses that gave an overview of the achievements of Western culture were the first target, and they were soon abolished almost everywhere. Mandatory courses in American history and institutions largely went too, and even when they were still taught, they took a jaundiced view of the national past that tended to discourage further study. Requirements for literature courses on the great classic writers were also dropped. A recent study by the American Council of Trustees and Alumni found that the great majority of English literature majors can now graduate without ever having read Shakespeare.[2] Here, too, even when classic writers were taught, the emphasis of the class was increasingly not on the power of their thought and language, but instead on their sharing in the benighted racial and sexual attitudes of the past. Preferences had also begun to determine curricular choices: just as preferences trumped achievement in admissions, preferences trumped quality in writers and thinkers. Minority and women students were told that they were making gains through new curricular choices of writers more like them, but when they read forgotten minor poets instead of Shakespeare it is hard to see this as anything but a loss, and a huge one.
In effect, preferences had placed control of an education intended to lead to full equality in the mainstream of our society into the hands of people who loathed that mainstream and did not want their students to be educated to join it. Instead they wanted to use those students in their war against their own society. When Jesse Jackson led the infamous march at Stanford University chanting "Hey, Hey, Ho, Ho, Western Culture's got to go," he was in effect destroying a precious chance for those he was leading to get the education for full equality that they needed and deserved.
And so, while the original intent of preferences was to provide an education for upward mobility, what preferences actually did was, by promoting campus political radicalism, to block access to that kind of education. This damaged all students, not just minority students, but even so, minorities still suffered from an extra disadvantage. A disproportionate number of them would wind up majoring in the departments that were created so that radicalism could operate without the restraint of traditional academic values. One can safely assume that not many senators or Supreme Court justices will result from that kind of education.
Let's turn now to another unintended consequence of preferences, one that has an effect on the quality of teaching in the high schools. It's often said that preferences are only needed because minority students usually get a defective high school education. But if that is indeed the case, it would have to be so because their high school teachers themselves are not broadly educated. If they had had a good college education in their society's accumulated knowledge and institutions, high school teaching would improve, and the minority high school deficit would vanish. But that is precisely the kind of college education that preferences had by now undermined and corrupted, so that from now on high school teachers would be worse prepared than they were in the past. The result is a classic vicious circle: the minority high school deficit leads to preferences in college admissions, preferences lead to political radicalism on campus, campus radicalism leads to deterioration in the education of high school teachers, more poorly educated high school teachers increase the minority deficit, and that leads to even greater demands for preferences.
Another major unintended consequence of preferences is a transformation of college administration. If you were to examine any speech made by a university president forty years ago, you would find that the word "Excellence" occurs with great frequency. That concept was the guiding light of the academy. If you made the same examination now, you'd find that the word "Diversity" has taken its place. That change has altered both the relationship between administration and faculty, and the pecking order within the faculty. The arbiters of Excellence, those who defined it and judged it on any campus, were those members of the faculty who by common consent had achieved it. These were the faculty whose original thought had earned them national prominence in their fields. They were the natural campus leaders because they most embodied the core values of the academy. Administrators knew that they were mainly answerable to this faculty group, and appointments to the administration were made from its ranks. But with Diversity it was quite a different story. The arbiters of Diversity are not the intellectual giants of the campus, but instead the politically radical new appointees. They are the ones who embody it, judge it, and who can demand that their judgments be the basis of policy. And so, when Diversity replaces Excellence as the ruling idea of the academy, the constituency to which administrations are answerable also changes. Where formerly they needed the confidence of their most distinguished faculty, now they need to keep the Diversity lobby happy, and it is never satisfied. Thus faculty leadership on campus passes from those who are most committed to the academy's core values to those who least embody them, from the academically strongest to the weakest.
This change could be seen most clearly when new administrators were appointed. Search committees for deans and presidents soon had to include "underrepresented" faculty, possibly thought of as token at first, but it was these committee members who asked the candidates the key question: what would you do for Diversity if you were appointed? It was soon apparent that any candidate for a senior administrative post who did not pronounce Diversity to be his or her highest priority could not be appointed. Public opposition by the campus Diversity lobby would be fatal. Everyone now knew that any sign of independent thinking about Diversity would mean the end of an administrative career. Thus began a whole generation of weak administrators who are easily intimidated by the diversity radicals to whom they owe their jobs. This is another unintended consequence of preferences that would have been bitterly resisted had it ever been openly advocated at the outset. But when higher education rushed to adopt Diversity (rather than Excellence) as its guiding principle, nobody understood that they were thereby handing control of college administrations over to political radicals.
Much followed from this. Under the regime of Excellence, administrations were above all the university's quality control mechanism. Their job was to monitor the quality and integrity of academic life. Deans would intervene if a department was performing poorly, or if academic values were under threat. Professors who misused their classrooms to promote their personal interests would be called in by their dean, and in those days deans were people with whom you did not want to tangle. But administrations provided this quality control only under license granted them by the senior faculty. That license expired when Excellence was replaced by Diversity. If you have ever wondered why administrations everywhere began to stand by and do nothing when visiting lecturers were shouted down, or when grade inflation went to absurd lengths, or when classrooms and even whole programs began to be used to promote political agendas, the answer is quite simple. When the administration's client was the senior faculty, it was licensed for quality control. But it now has a different client, and a different license, one that does not include enforcing academic values, because the administration's new client itself would be the target of that kind of enforcement.
Under the regime of Excellence, the administration was expected to ensure that argument was met only by counterargument, never by intimidation or suppression—because that is the tried and tested path to academic excellence. But where the administration's former client demanded free speech, the newer one wanted speech codes. The old client demanded free inquiry, but the newer one wanted only a privileged status for its own orthodoxy, one enforced by intimidation. The first demanded that intellectual honesty prevail at all costs, but the second aids and abets furtiveness and double-talk if that is needed to prevent a public outcry about the huge discrepancy between test scores of students admitted by preferences and those who are not.
For the most part, the general public doesn't understand the change that has taken place, and so it was astonished by University of Colorado professor Ward Churchill's incoherent and very un-academic voice.[3] The public immediately realized that something here was badly wrong. But Churchill's campus administration at first did nothing because it had grown used to Churchill's voice and countless others like it. Only as public outcry grew did the administration realize that while its abandonment of quality control had become a comfortable reality on campus, it was shocking to the public. At that point the administration understood that while it was in public view it had to behave as if it were still the administration of Excellence. This sudden change of gear spoke volumes about what was motivating the campus administration. It was obvious that fear of public wrath had trumped fear of the radicals, but equally obvious that any sign of a genuine concern for institutional integrity was nowhere to be seen.
Unintended consequences are not necessarily unforeseeable. Should we have expected this calamitous series of results to be foreseen? There are two considerations that should have made us suspicious at the outset. The first is that the university has a rather firm value system. When that system is working properly, only the truth counts, and little else matters. You can be amused by James Watson's description in his book The Double Helix of the bizarre personal twists and turns in the search for the structure of DNA, but finally all that counts is the inescapable logic of Crick and Watson's model.[4] It's either right or it's wrong—you can't fake it. You fake things at your peril in an institution that is uncompromising about the truth. But preferences are organized pretense: they treat certain people as if they had done something that they have not done.
The second thing we should have realized was that when the academic world was persuaded to adopt Diversity as a core value, it was in effect being given a political purpose. That went directly counter to something that we have always known: that the academy needs to be protected from politics. Nobody noticed that preferences would have the effect of breaching the wall that had been erected to protect the academy from political involvement. The regime of preferences is a test case of how politics corrupts the academy, and why it needs protection from politics. The first step in getting the academic world back to a healthy state will be to persuade everyone that a first-rate educational system, just by being that, does more for social change and for upward mobility than any other institution can possibly do. But that can happen only if it stays away from the corrupting effect of direct involvement in political or social causes, and sticks to its exclusive concern with knowledge and inquiry. This may seem a slower path to social equality, but the attempted instant fix of preferences turned out to be a great deal slower, if it ever gets us there at all, and it has turned the academic world inside out.
[1] Richard H. Sander, "A Systemic Analysis of Affirmative Action in American Law Schools," Stanford Law Review 57, no. 2 (November 2004).
[2]American Council of Trustees and Alumni, The Vanishing Shakespeare, report, released April 2007; www.goacta.org/publications/index.cfm?categoryid=7E8ADC7F-D3EE-892B-9740A83D92E0FA4F.
[3]See my "Two Cheers for Ward Churchill's Dismissal," posted on 30 July 2007 under the heading "Our Essays," on www.mindingthecampus.com.
[4]James D. Watson, The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA (New York: Atheneum Press, 1968).
Vision and the End of Racial Preferences


Mt. Hood boasts multiple ski areas with a wide range of terrain and offerings. Plus, year-round lift accessible skiing and riding!
Even with the plenty of resort offerings, the Mt. Hood National Forest is still wild. Earn your turns in one of the many canyons.
Our techs are dialed with the latest tricks, tips and repairs to get you back on the hill. When your gear needs some love, we've got you covered.


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Zika Still a Threat During Winter Months
Public health expert says mosquito eggs can survive colder temps
TUESDAY, Dec. 13, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Winter doesn't necessarily mean the end of the Zika threat in the United States, a public health expert says.
Zika is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Their eggs can survive in conditions that kill adult mosquitoes, explained Dr. James Diaz. He is program director of Environmental/Occupational Health Sciences at Louisiana State University's School of Public Health in New Orleans.
"Not only can the eggs of Aedes species mosquitoes survive winter, wide variations in daytime temperatures can stimulate egg-laying," Diaz said in a university news release.
Disinfectants Can't Stop This Dangerous Hospital Germ
Many Pneumonia Patients Get Too Many Antibiotics
Unlike adult mosquitoes, the eggs can survive up to a year without water. All it takes is some rain for them to hatch, he said.
Diaz also pointed out that some of the mosquitoes that carry Zika can transmit the virus to their offspring. This would allow the virus to survive from one season to the next. He said it's relatively rare for this to happen, though.
Diaz also said many people are confused about when the mosquitoes bite.
"It's not just dawn and dusk when people must take precautions. Aedes mosquitoes are primarily daytime biters and sip feeders, preferring multiple small-sip human blood meals when they can sense, see and repeatedly attack their hosts best, but they can also bite at night in well-lit areas," he said.
Most adults who are infected with Zika experience mild symptoms. But, the babies of women who are infected while pregnant can experience terrible birth defects, the most common of which is microcephaly, where the brain is underdeveloped and the head is abnormally small.
"As we learn more about the consequences of Zika infection, including the recent revelation that babies of Zika-infected mothers who had normal head sizes at birth have been diagnosed with microcephaly months later, it is vital that we know this enemy and remain vigilant in protecting ourselves," Diaz said.
And learning more about how to defend against Zika will only help prepare scientists and public health officials for the next threat to emerge from the changing world ecosystem, he said.
The research was published in the December issue of the journal Wilderness & Environmental Medicine.
The World Health Organization has more on Zika.
This Q & A will tell you what you need to know about Zika.
To see the CDC list of sites where Zika virus is active and may pose a threat to pregnant women, click here.
SOURCE: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, news release, Dec. 8, 2016


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UCL SSEES Research Blog
A showcase of research from UCL's School of Slavonic and East European Studies staff and students
The SSEES Research Blog provides snapshots of research from staff and students across the UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies.
Alexei Navalny Belarus Bremain Brexit Bulgaria Central and Eastern Europe corruption Crimea Czech Republic democracy Eastern Europe elections EU far right Fidesz Georgia Germany history Hungary Jobbik Latvia LGBT literature LMP London Medvedev migration Milos Zeman nationalism oligarchs Poland political parties populism protests Putin Romania Russia Serbia sistema Slovakia social media Ukraine USSR Vaclav Havel Vladimir Putin
UCL SSEES Research Blog »
Unstable Platform? Poland's ruling party struggles on
Sean LHanley30 January 2014
Photo : PlatformaRP CC BY-ND 2.0
A series of on-going political crises in 2013 saw support for Poland's centrist ruling party, Civic Platform, slump. Despite a number of initiatives to revive its fortunes, public hostility may have passed a tipping point argues Aleks Szczerbiak.
2013 was a year of on-going political crisis for Civic Platform (PO) party, he main governing party in Poland,. The approval ratings of both the Civic Platform-led government and prime minister and PO leader Donald Tus, slumped to their lowest levels since they came to office in 2007. A December 2013 poll by CBOS found that the number who declared themselves to be government supporters and were satisfied with Tusk as prime minister fell to 21% and 26% respectively – compared to 33% and 35% a year earlier.
Another December 2013 CBOS poll found that only 31% trusted Mr Tusk, a slump of 10% over the past year and just 1% higher than the number trusting Jarosław Kaczyński, leader of the right-wing Law and Justice party (PiS), the main opposition grouping. Civic Platform also suffered a series of local by-election defeats and has, since May, trailed Law and Justice by around 5-10% in the polls.
With the economy sluggish and unemployment remaining high, Poles have become increasingly gloomy about their future prospects. There has also been a growing sense of government drift with ministers appearing to spend too much of time on crisis management and failing to undertake long-term structural reforms. The Tusk government appeared to revert to the cautious policy of 'small step' reform that characterised its first term in office. This approach worked fairly well while the economy was strong but began to come unstuck when the tempo of growth slowed and unemployment increased.
Divisions and tensions within the ruling party both contributed to and were exacerbated by the sense of crisis. This reached its peak during the summer when Mr Tusk was challenged for his party leadership by Jarosław Gowin. (more…)
Tags: Civic Platform, Democratic Left Alliance, Donald Tusk, EU, Grzegorz Schetyna, Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz, Jaroslaw Kaczynski, Jarosław Gowin, Law and Justice, Leszek Miller, Mateusz Szczurek, Poland, Poland Together, Przemysław Wipler, Warsaw
Soft Power: Cats, Branding and the Ukrainian Far-Right
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Depicting Donbas: Creative and Critical Responses to the War in Ukraine
East European liberals' accommodation of ethnic nationalism has left the region's democratic institutions vulnerable


This is how Mary spells REALTOR®.
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Why should you choose Mary to help you sell or buy your home? Because of the way she defines herself as a REALTOR®. And, because she is dedicated to helping folks paint their perfect "home" picture.


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The Manifesto Problem
June 19, 2017 June 19, 2017 / Tom King
An excellent piece from Helen de Cruz, an academic at Oxford Brookes University, has been doing the rounds. The article explores the reasons why so many pro-EU voters ended up choosing Labour, despite the party's evident "hard Brexit" stance. This is based on data from surveys conducted by de Cruz in pro-EU groups on Facebook. It lands on the conclusion that those who lent their support to Jeremy Corbyn's party
did vote Labour for tactical reasons, but they were also attracted by the Labour manifesto and identified with the party's anti-austerity message. They voted for Labour in spite of its Brexit stance, not because they were all of a sudden pro Brexit.
Anecdotally, this chimes very closely with the decisions many of my friends and family made in choosing Labour. They were closer to the Liberal Democrats on the issue of Brexit, but saw a tactical vote for Labour as more important given the danger of a large Conservative majority.
Jezza and Maccy D
I could not personally agree with this stance. While I was terrified of a renewed mandate for Theresa May (who I've written about extensively as a massive threat to the United Kingdom and to the world), I saw a polarisation of the UK's domestic politics along with an alignment around 'hard Brexit' as the worst possible outcome. In short, this was an election in which Brexit was the be-all, end-all issue; however popular Labour's flagship policies may have been (and they were undoubtedly popular, rightly or wrongly) they were meaningless against a backdrop of a poor deal – or no deal – with the EU.
Of course, that's not how the election campaign went down. Both Labour and the Tories were allowed to get away with either limiting their references to Brexit or avoiding any kind of specificity on what precisely they planned to do during negotiations.
In Labour's case, this vagueness was so complete that the position taken by Corbyn and John McDonnell since the election – a reiteration of the party's manifesto statements on the single market and freedom of movement – has been met with dismay by a lot of Remainers.
There seems to be a commonly held belief among some voters that party manifestos, far from being complete plans for government, are a kind of pick-and-mix. I thought I would test this through a Twitter poll. Given my followers are predominantly pro-EU, liberal types with a disproportionate interest in politics national and global, I expected the answer to be pretty clear, but instead it was surprisingly split:
(Please RT) If a party includes certain policies in its manifesto, is it entitled to say its voters support those policies? #GE2017
— Tom King (@tallgeekychap) June 13, 2017
This seems to be the most salient question arising from this election. Is the Labour party's leadership entitled to claim that its voters supported its stance on Brexit? This obviously has huge implications should the embattled Theresa May eventually decide that it's time to go and a new election eventuate. Because, after all, Labour massively outperformed expectations despite adopting a stance on Brexit that, in isolation, clearly alienates a large number (perhaps the majority) of its voters.
The broader question, of course, is what manifestos are for. They are important for parliamentary procedure, because the Salisbury Doctrine, which limits the ability of the House of Lords to contradict government policy, is based on them. As such, it is essential that parties feel able to rest on the support of voters for their manifestos as a whole; yet this election has thrown up more than ever the confusion that can ensue as a consequence.
It is probably about time we revisited the idea of deliberative democracy in broad terms as a theory of civics. Democracies surely cannot survive this amount of cognitive dissonance for long.
Brexit, Deliberative Democracy, EU Referendum, Helen de Cruz, Jeremy Corbyn, Labour, Manifestos
← This could be the UK's last 'real' election. Prepare for the worst.
#CatalanReferendum: democracy dies in chaos →


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Molly S. Shoichet	Rui L. Reis	2017-08-20T17:20:59-04:00
Molly S. Shoichet, PhD, FRSC, NAE, O Ont
Affiliated Society: Society for Biomaterials (USA)
Country of Residence: Canada
Current Position: University Professor
Professor Molly Shoichet holds the Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Tissue Engineering at the University of Toronto. She has published over 530 papers, patents and abstracts and has given over 325 lectures worldwide. She currently leads a laboratory of 25 and has graduated 148 researchers. She founded two spin-off companies, is actively engaged in translational research and science outreach. Dr. Shoichet is the recipient of many prestigious distinctions and the only person to be a Fellow of Canada's 3 National Academies: Canadian Academy of Sciences of the Royal Society of Canada, Canadian Academy of Engineering, and Canadian Academy of Health Sciences. Dr. Shoichet was the L'Oreal-UNESCO For Women in Science Laureate for North America in 2015 and elected Foreign Member of the US National Academy of Engineering in 2016. She holds the Order of Ontario, OntarioŠ—Ès highest honour and is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 2013, her contributions to Canada's innovation agenda and the advancement of knowledge were recognized with the QEII Diamond Jubilee Award. In 2016, Dr. Shoichet became a Foreign Member of the United States National Academy of Engineering (NAE). In 2014, Dr. Shoichet was given the University of Toronto's highest distinction, University Professor, a distinction held by less than 2% of the faculty. Dr. Shoichet received her SB from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1987) and her PhD from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst in Polymer Science and Engineering (1992).
Our research is focused on cell and drug delivery to the brain, eye and spinal cord and to strategies to deliver drugs more effectively to cancer cells.
Nanotechnology, Polymers, Spine, Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Drug Delivery


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Some people have teeth alignment issues whereby they can use the orthodontics care services for the issue to be rectified. On the other hand, when picking the orthodontist you have to ensure you have selected the best one. Hence, if you need to use the orthodontic services, then you should look for the best orthodontist.
Years of operation should be a concern when choosing an orthodontist. Consequently, before you get to select the orthodontist, you have to consider checking the number of years that specialist has been offering the dental services and the number of years the orthodontist has been providing the orthodontic services. You need an experienced specialist to handle your invisalign services, and thus, the number of years would help in determining whether the orthodontist is experienced enough. You should choose orthodontist who has been operating for more than seven years. For example, you can find Dr. Petra Schubert who has been into this industry for more than ten years which means that the expertise needed has been gained.
You have to contemplate on the tools to be used when choosing an orthodontist. With the progression in technology there is improvement in orthodontic tools being developed. For instance in braces you can find there is improvement whereby invisible braces have been developed. Therefore, when choosing orthodontist you ought to contemplate the new technology provided because you need to be comfortable with the treatment services offered.
You should contemplate on seeking referrals from people who have benefited from the use of Invisalign. Most of the time, these people got results due to choosing that specific orthodontist. Therefore, when you pick that specific orthodontist then it means that you would as well see the results you need for your teeth alignment. On the other hand, you need to check out the reviews posted by previous patients. The orthodontist with positive reviews should be selected. Again, you need to contact several patients from the reference list. You need to know more about the kind of services the orthodontist provided to these patients. The specialist you need for your orthodontic care services should have made the past clients happy.
The location of the orthodontist should be checked. You need to visit the orthodontist for several times before your teeth are correctly aligned. Thus, you should mind about the amount of money you can afford for transportation. It is ideal because you get to select an orthodontist who is located near you whereby the transport fee would not be an issue when attending your appointments.
The cost of the orthodontic services should be contemplated when choosing an orthodontist. The treatment is expensive; thus, you have to prepare yourself with a reasonable budget. Again you should ensure that the fee the orthodontist you are about to choose is charging is affordable for you.


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Panama Second Shared Prosperity Development Policy Loan (WB-P154819)
Minutes of meeting of the Executive Directors of the Bank and IDA held on September 8, 2016 (English [Original Source]
Official Documents- Letter of Development Policy for Loan 8642-PA (Closing Package) (English) [Original Source]
Official Documents- Loan Agreement for Loan 8642-PA (Closing Package) (English) [Original Source]
Official Documents- Supplemental Letter Ref. Financial and Economic Data for Loan 8642-PA (Closing P [Original Source]
Panama - Second Programmatic Shared Prosperity Development Policy Financing Project : chair summary [Original Source]
Panama – Second Shared Prosperity Development Policy Loan Project (English) [Original Source]
Disclosed by Bank Jan 21, 2016
The development objective of the Second Shared Prosperity Development Policy Loan Project of the Development Policy Financing series is to support the Government of Panama's efforts to (i) strengthen the frameworks for international tax transparency, financial integrity, and fiscal management; (ii) strengthen institutional arrangements to support social assistance and education; and (iii) enhance the regulatory and financial sustainability framework of service delivery in the energy and water sectors. The proposed Development Policy Financing (DPF) is the second operation in a programmatic series of three, aimed at accompanying Panama's efforts to advance the country's shared prosperity agenda. The operation supports reforms in three main areas of the Government's Economic and Social Strategy 2015-19: (i) international tax transparency, financial integrity, and fiscal management; (ii) social inclusion; and (iii) water and energy service delivery.
The total project cost is US$300 Million, financed through the International Bank For Reconstruction And Development.
ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISM OF WORLD BANK The World Bank Inspection Panel is the independent complaint mechanism and fact-finding body for people who believe they are likely to be, or have been, adversely affected by a World Bank-financed project. If you submit a complaint to the Inspection Panel, they may investigate to assess whether the World Bank is following its own policies and procedures for preventing harm to people or the environment. You can contact the Inspection Panel or submit a complaint by emailing ipanel@worldbank.org. You can learn more about the Inspection Panel and how to file a complaint at: http://ewebapps.worldbank.org/apps/ip/Pages/Home.aspx.


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best Party-Seekers Worldwide
The resulting spots are among the preeminent gone to by gathering seekers around the world. In case you're needing to skill first nightlife, take consideration to find out these spots out!
With its ancient view of the Bosporus, Istanbul is known for its nightlife and exotic cultural attractions. A town known for its position as the bridge between East and West, Istanbul has been a preferred destination since antiquity. Today, the alcohol flows and also the music plays all night. With its Turkish charms, Istanbul may be a must-see town.World notable for its several natural and cultural attractions, city is an expertise to remember! Exploring its bars on old-world streets and feeding on its extraordinary tapas is simply a part of the nightlife expertise. Clubbing may be a part of life in city, and also the town boasts a number of the foremost excitement you'll find in all of Europe.
New York town boasts something for everybody in terms of nightlife. As one of the cultural capitals of the globe, New York City boasts unbelievable cultural venues from theatres to concert halls. Its edifice scene is famous, and it's a colossal array of bars and clubs that tempt folks from everywhere the globe. If you would like to fancy a cosmopolitan vacation, this town ought to prime your list.
Famous for its go-go bars and clubs, Phuket is South East Asia's answer to Ibiza. Enchanting beaches and all-night clubs create this a playground for partiers who need to party Asian-style. From singing clubs to non-stop dance parties, Phuket is an expertise like no other. For people that like their symptom hot and sticky, Phuket may be a first-rate destination.
With its celebrated Red light District, Amsterdam has long enjoyed its name as a party capital. With its anything-goes atmosphere, Amsterdam is additionally a really lovely town crammed with a massive array of cultural attractions to get pleasure from by day. By evenfall, the clubs and bars begin to draw in dancers and party-seekers of each age and taste!
Crete, Greece
As the largest of the Greek Islands, Crete boasts a rich array of resort towns and party destinations that are brimming with clubs. Many clubs are perched right on the majestic coast of the island. People from all over the world travel to Crete to witness its historical cultural attractions as well as its party venues that rival those found anywhere else in the world.
The Dos and Don'ts of Arranging a Hen Weekend
Awesome Things to Do in Berlin
Shop 'til You Drop in North Wales!


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Hackberry Visitors Center and Museum, Arizona
By	Allyson Haymaker. Last edited by Marios Alexandrou.
I'd never heard of Hackberry, Arizona until I happened to see a photograph in a magazine of what I thought was an old abandoned gas station with a red-and-white '57 Corvette parked in front of the pumps.
There was something alluring about the place, but there was no information with the photo except the location: Hackberry, Arizona on Route 66. I immediately added it to my list of "gotta-go-there" places.
On a recent trip out west, my husband and I made it a point to cut off of I-40 in northwest Arizona and take the Route 66 loop from Kingman to Seligman. After 25 miles, we found ourselves in Hackberry, a semi-ghost town.
The gas station I'd seen turned out to be the Hackberry General Store, Visitors Center and Museum. And it was even better than I could've imagined.
Built in 1934, the store is owned by John and Kerry Pritchard. As they were cruising Route 66 about 4 years ago in the Corvette that's now parked outside the station, they saw the store, pulled over and bought it. You see, they'd been collecting old gas pumps, metal signs, cars, trucks and other memorabilia, and this provided the perfect place to display it all.
John and Kerry sell antiques, reproductions of vintage metal signs, hats, T-shirts, maps, books, postcards, candy and soda pop. And John will even throw in all the information you want about the area for free.
We learned that Hackberry was a gold- and silver-mining town in the 1800s and a cattle town in the 1900s, with a population of about 1,000. But like many other small towns, it started to fade away when the interstates (I-40, in this case) effectively started to replace Route 66.
Today the Hackberry General Store is alive and well. Whether you are a Route 66 buff or not, taking a detour off the interstate to see this nostalgic attraction is definitely worthwhile.
Hackberry is on Route 66, about 25 miles northeast of Kingman, which is on I-40, about 145 miles west of Flagstaff. For information, write to the Hackberry General Store, Old Route 66, Hackberry AZ 8641.
The town of Oatman, where live burros roam the street, was featured on page 16 of the May and June 2001 issue of Country Discoveries. It's about 25 miles southwest of Kingman on Route 66. For details, contact the Oatman-Gold Road Chamber of Commerce at 1-928-768-6222.
The historic Snow Cap drive-in diner in Seligman, about 60 miles east of Hackberry on Route 66, was featured on page 29 of the Jan and Feb issue.
Hubbell Trading Post National Historic Site, Arizona
Route 66 Museum, Oklahoma: Chronicling the Rise and Fall of the Legendary Mother Road
Nez Perce Culture at the Spalding Visitors Center, Idaho


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Bourgogne-Fresne () is a commune in the department of Marne, northeastern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2017 by merger of the former communes of Bourgogne (the seat) and Fresne-lès-Reims.

See also
Communes of the Marne department

References

Communes of Marne (department)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Dr. Young was born and raised in the low country of South Carolina. He attended the public school system in Hampton, and graduated from the University of South Carolina, with a Bachelor of Science degree in Biology. He received his DMD degree from the Medical University of South Carolina, and also received a Master of Medical Science (MMSc) (Anesthesiology) from Emory University. Dr. Young completed his residency in Periodontics at the Medical University of South Carolina, and also received a Masters in Health Science at that time. He was a Clinical Assistant Professor of Periodontology at the Medical University of South Carolina from 1982 – 2016.
Dr. Young is a member of the American Dental Association, American Academy of Periodontology, Southern Academy of Periodontology, the American Dental Society of Anesthesiology, American Society of Dentist Anesthesiologists, as well as many local and state organizations. Dr. Young is a diplomat of the American Dental Board of Anesthesiology and a fellow of the International College of Dentists.
For over 20 years, Dr. Young has maintained an international lecture series for periodontists, concentrating on Anesthesiology and Emergency Medicine.
Dr. Young maintains a full-time private practice, limited to periodontology and dental implants, serving the residents of the coastal empire of Georgia, as well as the low country of South Carolina.
Call Dr. Young's office today at ☎ Young Periodontics Phone Number 912-355-5026 to make an appointment.


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Ardenne '44, un inferno (Castle Keep) è un film del 1969 diretto da Sydney Pollack, tratto dal romanzo Passioni al castello (Castle Keep, 1965) di William Eastlake.

Trama
Foresta delle Ardenne, 1944; durante la controffensiva tedesca nel Belgio un drappello di otto soldati americani, comandato dal maggiore Abraham Falconer, riceve l'ordine di tenere una posizione nei pressi di Saint Croix, non lontano dall'antico castello di Maldorais, di proprietà di un'antica stirpe di conti, il cui ultimo discendente, che vi risiede insieme alla giovane moglie Therese, viene fermato dai soldati e "convinto" a concedere il maniero come caposaldo.

Il castello non è importante solo per la sua posizione strategica ma soprattutto per il patrimonio artistico in esso contenuto; il capitano Lionel Beckman, un esperto d'arte, vorrebbe evitare che il prevedibile scontro con le truppe tedesche che stanno avanzando verso Bastogne possa portare alla sua distruzione ma il maggiore si mostra irremovibile, privilegiando la maggiore sicurezza che il riparo all'interno del castello potrebbe offrire ai suoi soldati.

Nei giorni che precedono lo scontro il capitano cerca di coinvolgere i soldati in uno studio del castello e dei suoi tesori ma non riesce a riceverne l'attenzione, suscitando il loro disinteresse e la loro ironia; attenzione che viene invece rivolta verso il bordello della cittadina, la Regina rossa, dove essi a turno vi si recano con l'eccezione del sergente Rossi, che, svolgendo nella vita civile il mestiere di fornaio, si intrattiene in un forno, insieme alla vedova che vi risiede e che vi lavora, del tenente Amberjack, un giovane con studi di seminarista e per questo chiamato dai soldati "reverendo", affetto dal complesso di Edipo e del maggiore, che seduce la moglie del Conte, aiutato dalla sua incomprensibile indifferenza.

Il comportamento del conte si spiega con la sua impotenza che gli impedisce di avere una discendenza, necessaria sia a continuare la stirpe che la custodia degli immensi valori contenuti nel castello, ed in ragione di questo egli non aveva esitato a "concedere" la moglie anche all'ufficiale tedesco che prima degli americani aveva occupato il castello, rispettandone tuttavia il patrimonio. In seguito il conte, attraverso un passaggio segreto, andrà incontro ai primi tedeschi che si avvicinano, dandogli la possibilità di penetrare nel castello e sorprendere i soldati americani. Tuttavia viene scoperto dal maggiore che lo uccide, facendo poi saltare la galleria, nonostante le obiezioni del capitano, e distruggendo così anche le opere d'arte custodite nei sotterranei.

L'attacco tedesco in forze avviene poco dopo e, dopo un intero giorno di combattimenti, il castello viene distrutto ed i soldati americani vengono uccisi ad uno ad uno. L'ultimo di loro, Allistair P. Benjamin, il soldato più giovane della compagnia con velleità di scrittore, si salva perché il Maggiore gli ordina, prima di morire, di allontanarsi portando in salvo Therese, nel frattempo rimasta incinta.

Produzione
Il film fu girato in Jugoslavia. I Panzer tedeschi sono dei T-34/85 russi, allora in dotazione all'esercito iugoslavo, a cui furono aggiunti dei freni di bocca sul cannone e allungate le marmitte, per renderli simili ai Panzer VI Tiger I. Il bazooka usato dai soldati per fermare i panzer è un modello M20 "Super Bazooka" da 89 mm che comparve nel 1950 e fu usato nella guerra di Corea contro i T-34 in dotazione ai nordcoreani; durante la seconda guerra mondiale furono usati i bazooka modello M1 e M9 da 60 mm. Queste armi non erano molto efficaci contro i carri tedeschi più potenti come i Tiger e i Panzer V Panther che avevano corazze fino a 10 cm: per avere qualche effetto occorreva colpire i cingoli o la parte posteriore che era meno protetta. È realistica la sequenza in cui un razzo del bazooka rimbalza sulla torretta di uno dei carri, riuscendo appena a scalfirla.

Voci correlate
 Bastogne (Battleground), film del 1949 diretto da William A. Wellman

Collegamenti esterni

Film sulla seconda guerra mondiale


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© 2023 Know No Stranger | Performing Art Collective. All rights reserved
Optical Popsicle Infinity: A look at how far the annual visual variety show has come
|In Press Releases
|By Rachel
by Seth Johnson for NUVO
When writing the script for their annual Optical Popsicle variety show, Indianapolis artist collective Know No Stranger isn't afraid to throw the zaniest of twists into a plot — even if it might seem impossible to manifest live in a large theater setting.
"Last year, we probably backed ourselves into the most demanding corner that we had up to that point by writing a moment in the finale where we launched the entire theater through a black hole into another universe," says writer and performer Ryan Felton. "That ended up being a really special moment that immersed the whole audience and brought everybody together."
Crowds should expect much of this same wackiness at the show's seventh installment, which Know No Stranger is calling Optical Popsicle Infinity. Taking place at the Indianapolis Museum of Art's Toby Theater for the second straight year, the show will consist of puppetry, video, live music, dance and more, with several surprise guests also making appearances. Due to the large amount of people that were turned away from last year's sold out extravaganza, the 2015 Op Pop will have three show times rather than one.
"I like to view Know No Stranger as a bunch of kids with superpowers," says Emily Gable, puppeteer and illustrator for Know No Stranger. "It's like Captain Planet … We're showing people that Indianapolis is something very special and eclectic and almost homemade, and it makes you feel like you're in your grandma's house and you're playing with all your old toys again."
It was Oct. 23, 2009 when Know No Stranger originally unveiled their very first Optical Popsicle at Indy's now-defunct Earth House, with no real intentions of creating an Op Pop 2, 3 or Infinity. At this point, the group honestly admits they had no idea how the Indianapolis arts community would receive their eye-popping ideas.
Illustrator and performer Brandon Schaaf recalls, "I remember standing with Michael [a former member] and we were like, 'What if people don't like this? We think what we're doing is funny. We think what we're doing is poignant. But, we don't know if anybody will see it. And if anybody sees it, will they like it?'"
At this time, the group ultimately had something that they were trying to prove.
As one opportunity led to the next, the group was asked to be the IMA's first-ever performing artist in residence for 2015 and 2016 as part of the museum's multi-faceted ARTx series.
Scott Stulen, curator of audience experiences and performance at the IMA, first witnessed Know No Stranger at their sold out Optical Popsicle 7 performance last year at the Toby Theater.
"There's this genuine, playful, kind of joyful spirit at the core of all of it that resonates well with me, and I think it's also something that is fairly rare to be honest," says Stulen. He sees their collaborative nature as being something that truly makes them an Indianapolis gem. "I think it's so unique to have a group of artists that are working as a collective and doing work like this. They're also relatively young, but have been able to accomplish so much in a short period of time."
In addition to this year and next year's Optical Popsicles, the group's residency will also include a puppet making workshop in January 2016, the debut of Know No Stranger's first musical in April 2016, and much more. Through this residency, Stulen is hopeful that the collective will gain exposure from those outside Indianapolis.
"My goal at the end of this is that we can get them to be able to tour regionally if not nationally with some of these projects," says Stulen.
Read the original article here!


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