text:
<?php

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Auth\AuthenticationException;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Factory as Auth;
use Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authenticate;
use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\UnauthorizedHttpException;

class PassportDingo extends Authenticate
{
    /**
     * The authentication factory instance.
     *
     * @var \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Factory
     */
    protected $auth;

    /**
     * Create a new middleware instance.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Factory  $auth
     * @return void
     */
    public function __construct(Auth $auth)
    {
        $this->auth = $auth;
    }

    /**
     * Handle an incoming request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Closure  $next
     * @param  string[]  ...$guards
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Auth\AuthenticationException
     */
    public function handle($request, Closure $next, ...$guards)
    {
        $this->authenticate($guards);

        return $next($request);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the user is logged in to any of the given guards.
     *
     * @param  array  $guards
     * @return void
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Auth\AuthenticationException
     */
    protected function authenticate(array $guards)
    {
        if (empty($guards)) {
            return $this->auth->authenticate();
        }

        foreach ($guards as $guard) {
            if ($this->auth->guard($guard)->check()) {
                return $this->auth->shouldUse($guard);
            }
        }

        throw new UnauthorizedHttpException('Unauthenticated.', '认证失败');
    }
}


text:
Business analyst Business insurance Business intelligence Business professional Enterpreneurship Global Business International business News Online business Profesional Service Project Management Sales Management Strategy Management
Berkshire Buys Back $9 Billion More of Stock in Record Year
(Bloomberg) — Warren Buffett has gone from shunning stock buybacks to being one of the world's biggest repurchasers.The famed investor's Berkshire Hathaway Inc. spent the third quarter buying back about $9 billion of its own stock, more than it had repurchased in any full year in its history. Buffett abandoned his long-held aversion to that use of capital a couple years ago as he struggled to find big deals and has ramped up the practice in 2020.While many companies have stopped or slashed share repurchases to preserve capital during the pandemic, Buffett sees his own firm's shares as a good investment at a time when he's expressed concern about several other industries. Last quarter's buying spree takes this year's total buybacks to $16 billion, and the most recent pace would be the biggest of any U.S. company except Apple Inc., which happens to be Buffett's largest investment."The forceful share buybacks suggest that at least one lever that can be pulled more forcefully as the price lingers is the one that he's doing," Thomas Russo, who oversees more than $9 billion including Berkshire shares at Gardner Russo & Gardner LLC, said in a phone interview. "I'm delighted to see that kind of commitment."The buybacks allowed Buffett to chip away at Berkshire's cash pile in the third quarter, with that war chest dropping slightly to $145.7 billion, the company said Saturday. The funds, which still give him plenty of capital to deploy into acquisitions, stock purchases or buybacks, have recently been accumulating faster than Buffett can put them to work in higher-returning assets.The heightened buybacks could indicate more optimism in the conglomerate's prospects, just months after Buffett told Berkshire shareholders at the annual meeting in May that repurchasing shares wasn't more compelling than when the stock was much higher before the pandemic.Berkshire stock climbed 20% in the third quarter, surpassing the 8.5% gain in the S&P 500 Index during the same period. The company accelerated its repurchases even as the shares climbed through the quarter. Still, Berkshire stock is overall cheaper than it was at the end of last year, with Class A shares down 7.6% through Friday's close.Operating ProfitThe conglomerate's businesses have bounced back slightly from the depths of the slump in the second quarter. Profit at the railroad, while still down from a year earlier, was higher than the three months ended June 30, and Berkshire's utilities posted its highest quarterly profit in more than a decade. Still, operating profit dropped 32%, hurt by the insurance unit's first underwriting loss since the end of 2019.Buffett's businessses have been battered by the pandemic this year. Aerospace parts-maker Precision Castparts, which was hit by a $10 billion charge in the second quarter, reported an 80% drop in pretax earnings in the three months that ended Sept. 30. Retailers such as See's Candies and Oriental Trading have experienced "significant declines" in earnings this year.Berkshire's board announced a policy change in July 2018 that allowed Buffett and his business partner, Charles Munger, to buy back stock when the price is below whatever they consider Berkshire's intrinsic value. Previously, they couldn't make repurchases if the price was more than 20% above current book value.Buffett's appetite for equities wasn't limited to his own shares. After selling the most stocks on a net basis in more than a decade during the second quarter, Berkshire reversed course in the following months, purchasing $4.79 billion of stocks on a net basis during the third quarter.The company's investments delivered almost $25 billion in investment gains amid the market rally, helping net income almost double despite the drop in operating profit.(Adds shareholder comment in fourth paragraph.)For more articles like this, please visit us at bloomberg.comSubscribe now to stay ahead with the most trusted business news source.©2020 Bloomberg L.P.
Mini boom for retail in England as shoppers dash to beat lockdown
Newspapers from around the world proclaim Biden and Harris' win

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
namespace Lemonade.Data.Commands
{
    public interface ICreateConfiguration
    {
        void Execute(Entities.Configuration configuration);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Мойсеёнок Андрей Георгиевич (р. 01.06.1943, г. Глубокое, Витебской обл.), биохимик, витаминолог. Член-корреспондент Национальной академии наук Беларуси (2000), доктор биологических наук (1997), профессор (1997).

 — Окончил Гродненский государственный медицинский институт (1965).
 — В 1965 – 1970 гг. аспирант, младший научный сотрудник, ассистент Гродненского медицинского института.
 — В 1970 – 1980 гг. старший научный сотрудник, ученый секретарь, в 1980 – 1985 гг. заведующий лабораторией Отдела регуляции обмена веществ АН БССР.
 — С 1985 г. сотрудник Института биохимии АН БССР.
 — В 1992 – 1996 гг. заместитель директора, в 1996 – 1998 гг. и.о. директора, с 1998 г. заведующий лабораторией Института биохимии Национальной академии наук Беларуси.
 — С 2006 г. заведующий отделом Института биохимии биологически активных соединений Национальной академии наук Беларуси.

Научные работы в области биохимии человека и животных, нутрициологии. Исследовал обмен витаминов, главным образом природных соединений пантотеновой кислоты, механизмы взаимосвязей между витаминами и регуляции биосинтеза кофермента ацетилирования. Сформулировал концепцию, в основе которой лежат представления об изменениях внутриклеточных фракций кофермента ацетилирования как важнейшего фактора в метаболической регуляции. Выяснил природу "секвестирования" свободного кофермента ацетилирования и механизм регуляции ключевого фермента его биосинтеза. Выявил способность производных пантотеновой кислоты предупреждать активацию перекисного окисления липидов биологических мембран и стабилизировать внутриклеточный фонд глутатиона в условиях окислительного стресса, а также нейропротекторные свойства предшественников биосинтеза кофермента ацетилирования. Результаты этих работ дополнили представления о биологических функциях витамина В5, что положено в основу показаний к лечебно-профилактическому применению пантотенат-содержащих соединений. Обосновал биомаркеры выявления риска развития недостаточности микронутриентов, комплексные технологии предупреждения недостаточности селена в питании. Внедрил способы лечения алкогольной патологии, инволюционных психозов и операционного стресса. При его участии разработаны новые лекарственные субстанции и препараты ("кальция пантотенат", "пантевитол", "пантогам") на основе производных витамина В5, а также способы их медицинского применения.

Автор более 450 научных работ, 7 монографий, 20 патентов и свидетельств на изобретения.

Награжден медалью.

Основные труды
 Пантотеновая кислота: биохимия и применение витамина. Мн.: Наука и техника, 1980.
 Производные пантотеновой кислоты. Разработка новых витаминных и фармакотерапевтических средств. Мн.: Наука и техника, 1989 (в соавт.).
 Витамины. Мн.: Асар, 2002 (совм. с Морозкиной Т. С.).

Ссылки
 https://nasb.gov.by/rus/members/chleny-korrespondenty/moiseenok.php
 Мойсеёнок Андрей Георгиевич в базе данных «История белорусской науки в лицах» Центральной научной библиотеки им. Якуба Коласа НАН Беларуси

Члены-корреспонденты Национальной академии наук Беларуси

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Karlov je zaniklá dělnická kolonie a část Jižního Předměstí statutárního města Plzně. Nachází se na jihozápadě historického centra města, v městském obvodu Plzeň 3, v katastrálním území Plzeň.

Historie
V roce 1910, tedy rok poté, co se stal generálním ředitelem Škodových závodů Karel Škoda, bylo vydáno stavební povolení pro 238 stavebních míst poblíž strojírenského podniku Škoda. Pro toto místo, na němž se měla nacházet dělnická kolonie, která se měla později propojit s bytovou zástavbou města, se vžilo jméno Karlov, podle křestního jména nového generálního ředitele. Jméno je pro lokalitu používáno dodnes.

Již v roce 1911 bylo postaveno a obsazeno prvních 130 bytů. V době, kdy měla tato dělnická čtvrť 217 domů s 594 byty, zde žilo již přibližně 2 300 obyvatel. Byty byly tehdy standardně jednopokojové s kuchyní, dvoupokojových bytů nebylo mnoho, stejně jako bytů v mansardách. Postupně na Karlově vyrostly další budovy, byla postavena škola, která po první světové válce byla v roce 1922 zvýšena o jedno podlaží, v provozu byl lidový dům s kinem, v roce 1932 byla uvedena do provozu sokolovna a určitý čas zde fungovaly i lázně. Také DTJ zde provozovala sportovní hřiště. Karlov se tak stal před druhou světovou válkou význačným dělnickým sídlištěm. Později však došlo k dalšímu rozšíření továrny Škoda, a tím k neplánovanému oddělení domů od městské zástavby.

Za druhé světové války došlo při bombardování areálu Škody k poškození domů. Poloha dělnické čtvrti bezprostředně u Škodovky byla příčinou jejího opakovaného poškození. Při náletu 14. května 1943 trojice pum a následný požár poškodily učňovský domov ().  Pro potřeby německých učňů musela následně vyklidit své prostory škola na Husově náměstí. Dvě pumy dopadly přímo do kolonie, ve které jedna zabila devět lidí v zasaženém protileteckém krytu. Různé zdroje při tomto náletu uvádí na Karlově 8 či 9 mrtvých a 45 či 54 zraněných,  o které se postarala zdravotnická výpomoc se sanitkami a lékaři a také speciální úklidová skupina, která měla za úkol odklízet mrtvé. Při náletu 16. října 1944 byla poškozena školní budova přezdívaná "karlovská Sorbonna" a škola se znovu přestěhovala do Skvrňan (v letech 1941–1946 se škola přestěhovala šestkrát). Při posledním náletu 25. dubna 1945 se plně projevilo sousedství továrny, která čtvrť obklopovala ze tří stran – severní část Karlova byla přímo v perimetru náletu.. Zásahy pum byly zcela zničeny tři nejsevernější a část čtvrtého z deseti bloků domů. Měšťanská škola, ze které Němci při náletu stříleli po bombardérech, byla zasažena pumou a následný požár školy byl hašen až do 28. dubna. Zahynulo několik desítek Karlováků, pumy zasáhly např. dva protiletecké kryty a v jednom zemřelo sedm lidí. Kuriozitou je vzpomínka na pana Frágnera, který si po příchodu do krytu vzpomněl na své peníze ukryté v altánku a vyběhl je vyzvednout bez ohledu na probíhající bombardování. Výbuch po dopadu jedné z pum altánek zcela zničil a trosky pana Frágnera zasypaly. Pracovníci civilní obrany jej vyhrabali a s lékařskou pomocí přežil.

Místní škola a zničené severní bloky již nebyly nikdy obnoveny. Značné poškození kolonie při náletech na konci války určilo začátek jejího dlouhodobého zániku. Později po válce bylo rozhodnuto, i přes celospolečenské bytové problémy, o zboření Karlova. Bourání bylo dokončeno v roce 1987, tedy po 77 letech existence kolonie, a z Karlova zbylo (krom Sokolovny a Lidového domu) jen jméno místa, které leží v blízkosti Borských polí.

Reference

Literatura

Dělnické kolonie v Česku
Zaniklé osady v Česku
Osady v okrese Plzeň-město
Části Plzně
Plzeň 3
Škoda Plzeň


This game pits human against computer in a fantasy rustic world. By choosing your deployments thoughtfully, you hope to dominate over the enemy forces. Each side begins with some revenue-producing assets, those being the Farmers, Gold Diggers, Workshops and Factories. But other assets will be needed for defense and attack: Guardhouses, Warriors and Saboteurs. As your earnings accumulate you must spend the money judiciously, or your opponent will swarm and leave your kingdom in ruins. The fighting units are algorithmically self-directed once deployed, you'll see. Each new level begins with a different layout: your's and your opponent's starting assets will mirror each other in some cases, but in other campaigns (levels) they'll differ greatly. As the levels progress, these unique layouts present ever-new challenges.
Zip archive: extract contents, then double-click "Start Papalot"


text:
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Displaying all 70 records
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Getting REDD+ Right For Women: An Analysis of the Barriers and Opportunities for Women's Participation in the REDD+ Sector in Asia
Collection Type:
Multiple Countries
Protection of the right to land, territory and natural resources in regional and international law in Africa: A Toolkit for NGOs in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Full citation: Forest Peoples Programme, "Protection of the right to land, territory and natural resources in regional and international law in Africa: A Toolkit for NGOs in the Democratic Republic of Congo," (2013).
Biofuels Investment and Community Land Tenure in Tanzania: The Case of Bioshape, Kilwa District
Full citation: Sulle, E. and Nelson, F., "Biofuels Investment and Community Land Tenure in Tanzania: The Case of Bioshape, Kilwa District," 73 FUTURE AGRICULTURES WORKING PAPER (2013).
Sulle, E. and Nelson, F.
The geography of poverty, disasters and climate extremes in 2030
Full citation: ODI, "The geography of poverty, disasters and climate extremes in 2030," ODI/DFID REPORT (2013).
Forests, Rangelands and Climate Change in Southern Africa
Full citation: Naidoo, S., Davis, C. and Van Garderen, E. A., "Forests, Rangelands and Climate Change in Southern Africa," 12 FAO FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE WORKING PAPER (2013).
Naidoo, S., Davis, C. and Van Garderen, E. A.
Women and Natural Resources: Unlocking the Peacebuilding Potential
Full citation: UNEP-UN, "Women and Natural Resources: Unlocking the Peacebuilding Potential," UNITED NATIONS REPORT (2013).
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A Literature Review of the Gender-Differentiated Impacts of Climate Change on Women's and Men's Assets and Well-Being in Developing Countries
Goh, A. H.X.
Achieving Food Security in the Face of Climate Change: Summary for Policy Makers from the Commission on Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change
Asaduzzaman, M., Beddington, J., Fernandex, A. and Clark, M.
Addressing Gender in Climate-Smart Smallholder Agriculture
Multiple Contributing Authors
Agrofuel Production: The World Food Situation, the Right to Food and the Impact on Women
Klaffenböck, G. and Lachkovics, E.
China Forest Policy: Deepening the Transition, Broadening the Relationship
Climate Change and Development Strategy: 2012-2016
Conservation Practice as Primitive Accumulation
Kelly, A. B.
Conservation, Green/Blue Grabbing and Accumulation by Dispossession in Tanzania
Benjaminsen, T. A. and Bryceson, I.
Decentralization and Forest Governance in Asia and the Pacific: Trends, Lessons and Continuing Challenges
Capistrano, D.
Feeding a Thirsty World: Challenges and Opportunities for a Water and Food Secure Future
Gender and International Crisis Response: Do We Have the Data, and Does It Matter?
Eklund, L. and Tellier, S.
Gender in Sustainable Agriculture: Identifying opportunities for development in the Ngenge Watershed, Uganda
Bos, S.
Global Food Policy Report 2012
Green Grabbing: a new appropriation of nature?
Fairhead, J., Leach, M. and Scoones, I.
Green Multiculturalism: Articulations of Ethnic and Environmental Politics in a Colombian 'black community'
Cardenas, R.
Green pretexts: Ecotourism, neoliberal conservation and land grabbing in Tayrona National Natural Park, Colombia
Ojeda, D.
Haramaya Law Review: Full Journal
Impacts of Cash Crop Production on Land Management and Land Degradation: The Case of Coffee and Cotton in Uganda
Kaizzi, C., Kato, E., Nkonya, E., Pender, J. and Sslai, H.
Institutions for Agricultural Mitigation: Potential and Challenges in Four Countries
Multiple Countries, Morocco, Vietnam, Mozambique, Ghana
Integrated Natural Resource Management in the Highlands of Eastern Africa: From Concept to Practice
Multiple Countries, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda
Amede, T., German, L., Masuki, K. and Mowo, J.
Integrating Gender Issues in Recovery and Reconstruction Planning
Land Rights in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a new model of rights for forest-dependent communities
Long, C.
Land Tenure Issues in Agricultural Investment
Cotula, L.
Lessons about Land Tenure, Forest Governance and REDD: Case Studies from Africa, Asia and Latin America
Multiple Countries, Laos, Ecuador, Nepal, Cambodia, Mozambique, Tanzania, India
Day, C., Minor, J., Naughton-Treves, L. and Vhugen, D.
Powerful Synergies: Gender Equality, Economic Development and Environmental Sustainability
Pressures on Land in sub-Saharan Africa: social differentiation and social responses
Hall, R. and Paradza, G.
Protecting China's Biodiversity: A Guide to Land Use, Land Tenure and Land Protection Tools
REDD and Forest Carbon: Market-Based Critique and Recommendations
The Munden Project
REDD+: Ready to Engage Private Investors?
Nhantumbo, I.
Rising Global Interest in Farmland: Can It Yield Sustainable and Equitable Benefits?
Byerlee, D. and Deininger, K.
The Right to Food and Access to Natural Resources: Using Human Rights Arguments and Mechanisms to Improve Resource Access for the Rural Poor
Multiple Countries, Mali, Tanzania
Cotula, L., Dijire', M. and Tenga, R. W.
The Ugandan Land Alliance Quarterly Newsletters
Trajectories of Land Acquisition and Enclosure: Development schemes, virtual land grabs, and green acquisitions in Indonesia's Outer Islands
Afiff, S., McCarthy, J. F. and Vel, J. A. C.
Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security
Forest Land Acquisition by Stora Enso in South China: Status, Issues, and Recommendations
Li, P. and Wang, X.
Women: Still the Key to Food and Nutrition Security
International Food and Policy Research (IFPRI)
Women's Rights to Forest Spaces and Resources
Saxena, NC
Building REDD+ for People and Nature: From lessons learned across Indonesia, Peru and the Democratic Republic of Congo to a new vision for REDD
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Environmental service incentives in the state of Acre, Brazil: Lessons for policies, programmes and strategies for jurisdiction-wide REDD
WWF Guide to Building REDD Strategies: A toolkit for REDD practitioners around the globe
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'We are Defending the Land with our Blood' Defenders of the Land, Territory and Environment in Honduras and Guatemala
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van Ewijk, E.
Investing in Land for Water: The converging legal regimes
IISD
Community-based natural resource management: How knowledge is managed, disseminated and used
Venezuela, The Gambia, Tanzania, Peru, Nigeria, Niger, Multiple Countries, Morocco, Madagascar, India, Colombia, China, Cameroon, Brazil, Bangladesh
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Includes a Brief and the GEIRS Tool.
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Select Bibliography of Press Cuttings on Biofuels, Land Rights in Africa & Global Land Grabbing
Palmer, R.
Select Bibliography of Reports on Biofuels, Land Rights in Africa & Global Land Grabbing
Bundles, Duties, and Rights: A Revised Framework for Analysis of Natural Resource Property Rights Regimes
Full citation: Galik, C. S., & Jagger, P. (2015). Bundles, Duties, and Rights: A Revised Framework for Analysis of Natural Resource Property Rights Regimes.
Galik, C. S., & Jagger, P.
Property-Rights Regimes and Natural Resources: A Conceptual Analysis
Full citation: Schlager, E., & Ostrom, E. (1992). Property-Rights Regimes and Natural Resources: A Conceptual Analysis. Land Economics, 68(3), 249-262.
Schlager, E., & Ostrom, E.
Rwanda Environment Law
Government of Rwanda
Rwanda Law Establishing the Natural Resources Authority
Tanzania Environmental Management Act
Parliament of Tanzania
Tanzania National Environment Management Act
A New Annotated Guide to the Bibliographies on Biofuels, Land Rights in Africa and Global Land Grabbing
Legal Research Resources
Climate change has disproportional impact on women
Bridging Distances with Technology at the Climate Change, Land and Gender Workshop
Turinanyo, A.
Using the law for resource justice
iied Land acquisitions and rights | Law | Natural resource management > Legal tools for citizen empowerment Blog on 28 April 2015.
Multiple Countries, Liberia, Kenya, Cambodia
Brinkhurst, M.
Gender and Agroforestry in Africa: A review of women's participation
Full citation: Kiptot, E. and Franzel, S. (2012). "Gender and agroforestry in Africa: A review of women's participation." Agroforestry Systems, 84(1), 35-58. - This paper presents a review of agroforestry in Africa from a gender perspective. It examines women's participation relative to men and the challenges and successes they experience. The review shows that agroforestry has the potential to offer substantial benefits to women; however, their participation is low in enterprises that are considered men's domain, such as timber and high in enterprises that have little or no commercial value, such as collection of indigenous fruits and vegetables. Data on whether women are able to manage agroforestry practices as well as men are mixed, although it is clear that women do most of the work. In cases where they do not perform well, the reasons are mostly due to scarcity of resources. In marketing, women are confined to the lower end of the value chain (retailing), which limits their control over and returns from the productive process. In order to promote gender equity in agroforestry and to ensure that women benefit fully, the paper recommends various policy, technological and institutional interventions. [Threats to Women's Land Tenure Security and Effectiveness of Interventions - Annotated Bibliography]
Franzel, S. and Kiptot, E.
Improving Access to Land and Strengthening Women's land rights in Africa
Full citation: Odeny, M. (2013). "Improving Access to Land and Strengthening Women's land rights in Africa." World Bank. - The need to improve access to land and strengthen women's land rights in Africa has elicited a lot of discussion with women's rights activists arguing for increased access and control over land and other productive resources. The paper examines inter-relations between women's land rights and socio- economic development, peace and security and environmental sustainability in Africa. It goes on to highlight the impacts of the discrimination against women with regard to access, control and ownership of land and identifies promising practices related to strengthening women's land rights with possible benchmarks and indicators to track progress made in strengthening women's land rights in the context of the implementation of the AU Declaration on land. It concludes by providing concrete recommendations on how to further promote dialogue, advocacy, partnerships and capacity development in support of women's land rights in Africa. This paper is as a result of a study commissioned by AU-ECA-AfDB Land Policy Initiative (LPI) which is implementing a 5- year Strategic Plan and Roadmap to assist member states in the implementation of the AU Declaration on land issues and challenges in Africa, in accordance with the Framework and Guidelines on Land Policy in Africa in order to achieve socio-economic development, peace and security, and environmental sustainability. [Threats to Women's Land Tenure Security and Effectiveness of Interventions - Annotated Bibliography]
Odeny, M.
Institutional Innovations Towards Gender Equity in Agrobiodiversity Management: Collective Action in Kerala, South India
Full citation: Padmanabhan, M.A. (2005). "Institutional Innovations Towards Gender Equity in Agrobiodiversity Management: Collective Action in Kerala, South India." - This study compares two institutions of collective biodiversity management in Kerala, India. The traditional mechanisms of a scheduled tribe, the Kurichyas, are contrasted with the new institution of the People's Biodiversity Register (PBR) under the local form of governance, the panchayat. Collective action is analysed for the core variables of reputation, trust and reciprocity. In the tribal institutions, traditional seed exchange rests on reputation and gender complementarities, which are eroded by a diminishing degree of trust and dissolving property rights for women and weakened by failing norms of reciprocity. The new institution of PBR threatens tribal women's reputations and their knowledge by reducing it to a bureaucratic register, the disembodiment of knowledge into information reduces trust and unpredictable returns diminish reciprocity. A massive public investment in strengthening women's capabilities for a transformation from conservers and users to advocates, managers and decision-makers regarding biodiversity might halt the loss. [Threats to Women's Land Tenure Security and Effectiveness of Interventions - Annotated Bibliography]
Padmanabhan, M.A.
Land Rights Knowledge and Conservation in Rural Ethiopia: Mind the Gender Gap
Full citation: Quisumbing, A. and Kumar, N. (2014). "Land Rights Knowledge and Conservation in Rural Ethiopia: Mind the Gender Gap." IFPRI. - This paper examines the community-based land certification effort in Ethiopia, an early successful attempt to implement a cost-effective and transparent land-registration process. It found that while the difference between male- and female-headed households' proportions of land registered is small, there is a "glaring" gap in men's and women's knowledge of land rights and that educating women had significant impact on soil conservation. Using the 2009 round of the Ethiopian Rural Household Survey, the paper examines the medium-term impact of the land registration on investment behavior by households, particularly the adoption of soil conservation techniques and tree planting. The paper suggests that closing the knowledge gap in legal rights is an important step to improving adoption of soil conservation technologies and sustainable farming techniques. [Threats to Women's Land Tenure Security and Effectiveness of Interventions - Annotated Bibliography]
Quisumbing, A. and Kumar, N.
Is gender an important factor influencing user groups' property rights and forestry governance? Empirical analysis from East Africa and Latin America
Full citation: Sun, Y., Mwangi, E. & Meinzen-Dick, R. (2011). "Is gender an important factor influencing user groups' property rights and forestry governance? Empirical analysis from East Africa and Latin America." International Forestry Review, Vol. 13 (2), pp. 205 – 219. - This article explores the effects that gender composition of forest user groups has on property rights and forestry governance, based on data from 290 forest user groups in Kenya, Uganda, Bolivia, and Mexico. It finds that while female-dominated groups tend to have more property rights to trees and bushes, and collect more fuelwood but less timber than do male-dominated or gender-balanced groups, gender-balanced groups participate more in forestry decision-making and are more likely to have exclusive use of forests. Female-dominated groups participate less, sanction less, and exclude less. It's therefore important to gain better understanding of the dynamics of mixed-gender groups, including the nature and types of cooperation among males and females when determining what kind of group-based intervention to pursue. [Threats to Women's Land Tenure Security and Effectiveness of Interventions - Annotated Bibliography]
Sun, Y., Mwangi, E. & Meinzen-Dick, R.
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The background to the 2013 Budget is the fact that social service agencies throughout the country are facing record demand for their support services. Our networks of social workers, counselors, nurses and care workers, budget advisers, community housing agencies, emergency housing services, night shelters and other advocates and support workers deal every day with people who have been left behind and are struggling to cope as economic and social inequality that continues to divide and weaken our social fabric.
NZCCSS has written the reports, briefed Ministers, officials and worked on countless advisory groups, committees and working groups. Prime Minister John Key and Finance Minister Bill English are very well aware of the extent of the need. They reported to the country on Thursday that the Government's books are even slightly better than expected and they have a bit more to spend.
Our initial conclusion about Budget 2013 is that what has been announced won't be enough to reduce demand for frontline services that our members provide. At best today's announcements provide a few more extra "tools" to try and help people a little but the fundamental dynamics of high inequality and unacceptable poverty will not change.
Grants for new whiteware: Centalised government purchasing of new whiteware appliances on behalf of beneficiaries funded through MSD repayable grants.
No Interest Loans Scheme: Investigate and pilot in partnership with NGOs and financial institutions low and no interest loan schemes for people on low incomes. NZCCSS has been involved in developing a pilot of such a scheme together with Kiwibank and it has been operating successfully in South Auckland for two years. We look forward to government support to widen access to such schemes that help people avoid the debt trap of expensive credit and loan sharks.
Housing Warrant of Fitness: It is great news that the Government has finally agreed to trial a Warrant of Fitness programme for rental housing. NZCCSS and other housing groups have been calling for this for some years. It is disappointing that the scheme will only be focused on Housing NZ houses, because it is the private rental market where the poorest quality houses are and where tenants have the least protection.
The Government has also said that it will be providing a comprehensive response to the Children's Commissioner's Experts Group report published last year. The group made a large number of recommendations, that included the no interest loans schemes and housing warrant of fitness, but other recommendations have not been addressed in the Budget night announcements. We can only hope that any response to the Experts Group report will not be hampered by the lack of a Budget allocation.
Welfare Reform Process continues: There is little new information on welfare reform that is already well advanced. The "investment approach" to welfare sees more Work & Income staff to provide intensive support and additional funding to external providers to provide management and wrap-around support for beneficiaries.
No doubt spurred on by the major policy announcements around housing by the Green Party and Labour Party, the Government has now announced some significant moves. Without more detail, it is difficult to assess what the overall impact of these announcements will be and whether they will genuinely help those on low incomes with their housing needs.
Income-Related Rents for community housing providers: This is a very welcome decision that community housing providers have been asking for for years, putting them on the same footing at Housing NZ. An extra $26.6 million has been allocated to extend IRR to community housing providers, meaning lower rents for their tenants. The details of how a registration for this will operate will be part of legislation coming into Parliament and it will be important to see how community housing can become eligible to offer IRR.
MSD to take over social housing entitlement assessment: This is also a welcome move, bringing responsibility for all housing support under the one department. $30 million has been allocated to fund this change which is planned for April 2014. It is to be hoped that this will improve access to full entitlement to housing support for people on low incomes.
Housing NZ reviewable tenancies: The decision to extend reviewable tenancies to all HNZ tenants is one social service agencies will view with concern. How this will be done and in what timeframe are important details still to come, but in the context of a highly unfair and poorly regulated private sector rental market where people do not have secure tenancies, this policy could end up adding to the housing insecurity and stress for many low income families.
Social Housing Fund: $139.3 million is allocated to the Social Fund over the next three years and the Minister has signaled linking the approval of new social housing providers to the housing warrant of fitness work. More details about this funding and the proposed processes are needed before any comment can be made about the impact of this announcement.
Housing Accords Extended: The Government plans to use the housing accord process that it has announced for Auckland in other regions. The provision for the Government to simply override local councils that oppose moves to speed up or eliminate council regulatory processes around housing development are a cause for concern.
There is some degree of concern with the changes in State housing which require the review of more tenancies to ensure state housing is focused on those with the highest levels of need. While there may be some Housing Corporation tenants who have achieved sustainable long-term betterment in their income, it is always at the margins where these types of policies become heartless. At what point has a family become better-off in a way that they will be able to maintain a different type of home tenancy in the long-term, rather than finding themselves hovering around the border of 'deserving support' and of being deemed as capable of 'independence'? This needs close monitoring and is liable to produce some real injustices if a compassionate approach is not taken to this type of assessment.
Health Funding increased: But still falling behind the real costs of providing health services to an ageing population. Increased funding for aged care has already been announced and while additional funding is welcome, it is not sufficient to cover rising costs and needs in the sector or to significantly lift wages and training for the aged care sector workforce.
Support for Family Carers: The funding announced of $92 million to allow payment to family members caring for disabled relatives looks like it will only go part way to addressing the needs and will be quite restrictive in who it will apply to. More details are needed about how this will work and legislation is being introduced as part of the Budget process.
Preventative "Before school" health test for four-year olds and the mothers and baby initiative that has been signaled will not doubt do a little to help vulnerable children and families.
Early Childhood Education: Further investment in providing ECE to reach the poorest communities is a welcome announcement that goes some way to addressing one of the key inequalities in education.
Developing a Children's Workforce Action Plan, as well as a Working with Children Code of Practice and competencies, to implement new screening and vetting processes and training programmes.
Promoting mentoring and establishing a scholarship fund for children.
Child Harm Prevention Orders for individuals who pose a risk to children.
Predictive risk tools that will help find, assess and connect the most vulnerable children to services earlier and more effectively.
Service design for the Child Protect Line, for the public to report concerns.
Cross-agency care strategy to improve the outcomes for children in care, and support for children and young people transitioning out of care.
Two regional children's directors to provide regional leadership and a national children's director to provide national leadership, and the Children's Action Plan directorate to oversee the implementation of the Children's Action Plan.
Two children's teams in Rotorua and Whangarei, including intake processes to test the new early response system.
It is good to see some effort and a small level of funding being directed to ensuring restorative justice programmes and support for prisoner reintegration is being increased.
Support for offenders on release will receive $10 million over two years to increase support for people leaving prison with the aim of reducing re-offending.
Our initial assessment of the Budget is we have just received more of the same. The continual focus on the market and on growth policies will have only limited impact on poor and vulnerable New Zealanders. Given how those on the lowest incomes have been left behind by the last almost 30 years of neo-liberal, market driven economic policy the impacts may in fact be negative! We must grow a more equal society where the divide between the haves and the have-nots is significantly reduced. When our Budgets are focused on better sharing of our resources and on ensuring those with the least get properly supported then we will be on track to true prosperity as a nation.
While there have been some changes in the tools available to social service organisations this has been limited. Some, such as the approach to social housing may result in some new developments and a modest increase in the number of people housed by community based social housing providers. However, there is little evidence that the scale of the announced changes will make a significant difference to the poorest and most vulnerable amongst us.
The lack of direct focus on a large scale approach to addressing the problem of child poverty, even after the huge amount of effort that has gone into raising the profile and the political and public understanding of this issue is very concerning. The White Paper for Vulnerable Children and the Children's Action Plan states a government policy principle – "children at the centre of what we do". The lack of action on child poverty suggests that Government is not following its own advice. Until we ensure all of our children grow up in an environment which is not blighted by poverty we are very unlikely to have a future where our economic, social and cultural wellbeings are enhanced.
As the Budget announcements resolve into the processes for implementing change NZCCSS will release further information on how social service organisations can engage with the new directions. Through the Vulnerability Report and our other publications NZCCSS will continue to report on how government policy is affecting poor and vulnerable members of our communities and the social services organisation that serve them.


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Google Docs also offers a large collection of templates to use to begin your documents. This can help save time creating a pr (text box, image, table, line, shape, Word art, etc) you will have several options for modifying the item after it has been inserted into a slide. Below are the most common options: You can click and drag the corner handles to resize the item. You can click and drag... 30/11/2018�� In this Article: Using a Template Setting Up a Manual Document Creating the Covers Creating the Internal Panels Community Q&A. This wikiHow teaches you how to make a brochure, which is a bi- or tri-fold informational pamphlet, by using the Google Docs website.
Besides typing text, you can spice up documents by inserting images, tables and other text formatting. New Google Docs editor makes managing images very easy and quick. You can play around with image size, position using quick click and drag routine.... Technology Tips - How to layer images, clipart, and text. AlysiaBattista.blogspot.com. Want to learn how to layer images? It's a great trick to have when you want to put text over a picture.
How to add a background image to text in Google Docs?
Adding Images with Captions in Google Docs Years ago, I heard plenty of complaints about how Google Docs just didn�t measure up to Microsoft Word. My response always centered around the ways that Google Docs could change the way we worked and students learned.
Here are three easy ways to download images from any Google Doc. Method one: Publish the Doc to the web In Docs, click on File > Publish to the web > Publish > OK.


Dhoby Shop from maddy on Vimeo.
Jeremy (J): Dhoby Shop is a sweet, homely film, appearing like an Indian take on Royston Tan sentimentalism. It's 2.5, 4, 3.5, 3.5 for me.
Alvin (A): To me, it'll be 3, 4, 3, 4.
A: Not really, I just think it executed its ideas really well. Particularly its sentiments on the age-old traditions. And the narrator's ideas of its continued place in his heart even with modernization and his own study plans.
The Neighbourhood Shops are Where the Heart Is from edwin s on Vimeo.
J: The next film has the longest title in the Top 20. There is a lot going into it as well. Mixed bag of issues and undertones.
A: Yup, doing it in a fresh take as well through animations and metaphors. I rate it 4, 2.5, 4, 4. (pause) Would have to say the stand-out factor for me was more the execution than the narrative itself though.
J: I saw a similar concept in another short film… deadpan style with a bit of vocal swagger and simplistic animation like this.
A: Perhaps due to the narrator not sounding local, I'm just wondering if the take on matters is a little skewed due to the fact that he sees elements of Singapore culture that typically evade the rest of us. ie. how the fusion of foreign influences "dampen" the existing ideologies, comfort and culture..
J: I don't think it evades us. Does it? There had been so much debate about the overflowing of foreigners in Singapore and how it is usurping our claim to the economic and social pie…(pause) Anyway, it must be applauded for being different. Is it one of your favourites?
A: Yes, in terms of its execution and like you say, its out-of-the-box take.
Where my heart was from Stephane Lasserre on Vimeo.
J: Where my Heart Was is a bit of a strangely structured film its mix of being poetic and plain-speaking at the same time.
A: Yes, to be honest it didn't quite come off for me. How do you rate it?
J: 1.5, 2, 2.5, 2.
A: Mine is 2.5, 2, 2.5, 2.5. I see the sentiments are similar. I guess the key missing element is engagement with viewers' empathy on the subject, at least with me. What are your gripes about it?
J: I think the filmmaker cannot decide what he wants - to document an event? to wax lyrical about a happening? a visual tour of concrete textures and shapes? It's all mashed into one.
A: Drawing on the synopsis, I think it's supposed to be a contemplative on collective condo sales in Singapore. But honestly I feel the subject theme itself is a hurdle to engaging any kind of emotions or accessibility. (pause) And the supposed metaphorical scenes and climactic scores just serve to confuse the viewer more, like you said.
I feel that's the challenge of the cinematic language. Many people draw inspiration from daily affairs that they see or read in the papers. But when creating a film out of it, it needs visual and narrative translation. (pause) Watching this film is like seeing those 'word for word' Chinese to English translations in movies.
A: True, and perhaps a need for a greater sense of what the film needs to elicit from the viewer.
J: It's like how do you articulate 7% goods and services tax in a cinematic way?
Portsdown Road from Ashish Ravinran on Vimeo.
A: Moving on, I have to put 'Portsdown Road' as another worthy gem in the competition.
A: The way the filmmaker fuses different elements, from dialogue to old photographs to moving shots, in piecing together his scrapbook of memories works a certain magic. It's a 4, 4, 4.5, 4.5 for me.
A: Well I guess perhaps it's because essentially these are just 90-second works, which come to think of it, has little middle ground. It either works for or against the filmmakers. It's as if they have to make an impression. Or simply not.
J: That's an excellent point! (pause) Mine is a 4, 4.5, 3.5, 5. A case of the sum being more than its parts. (pause) I really like how underlying the whole strangeness of the photo-vocal account juxtaposition, is a progression towards something…while being transported by the photos into a sepia-tinged 70s, you are also guessing that something will be revealed at the end…which was the grown up son manning the camera. A nice poignant closure.
A: Yes, though I have to say that some parts in the beginning did elude me – i.e. the dialogue implying the lack of photos documenting his growing-up years...but the old photos shown later.
J: To be honest, there were lots of subtle references in the narration, I did not pay attention enough to notice the details.
A: Perhaps like you said, it's a case of the sum being more than its details. Must say the use of bubbles really worked a metaphorical and cinematic magic though, especially in the ending scene.
The Queenstown Secret from Anuj Gulati on Vimeo.
A: 'The Queenstown Secret' seems an interesting one. Intriguing in its seeming intention to reveal something in the closet but not quite saying what. How did you find it?
J: I liked all of it, its baffling quality, its tenderness, its whimsical quality. It gets a 4, 4.5, 2.5, 4 from me.
A: 3.5, 2.5, 3, 3.5.
J: Big difference between how you and I 'feel' about it. I happen to think it stirs my imagination and massages my memory.
A: I think baffling is the best word for me to describe it. Not to say it doesn't work, it does put you in the mode of its contemplative nature and press you to unearth more. Sounds like it engaged you emotionally. How so?
J: I liked how it drew upon the actor's nuanced acting and the simplicity of the plot. The boy represents some kind of fragment of her past, something she yearns for and chases only to know it could only keep her company for a fleeting moment. Memories... that's what they, fleeting... and always sweet for as long as they last. (pause) And why does it not do anything for you emotionally?
A: It's probably because its seemingly esoteric meaning continues to elude me more than anything else. Nevertheless the intrigue that there is something more to it leaves a poignant impression. It was interesting how the transition of the girl's life was managed, that even though one may not get the gist of the film, you sense there's an underlying theme of coming out of the crossroads she finds herself in.
J: Question for you: in all 20 films, did any of the locations/places hold special meaning for you?
A: In both places it triggers a sense of the familiar, but yet there are so many unseen elements and unfelt emotions.. until these 2 filmmakers brought it out.
J: Wanna guess what's mine?
A: Sounded like one was The Queenstown Secret...and the other, Miniature Town: Potong Pasir?
J: Haha, your 6th sense is good. You got one right. It's Queenstown and the playground. I shall make no secret that I used to pass by this playground as a kid and a teen. (pause) My family always makes regular trips to the Queenstown market for the famous Chicken Rice and I always remember my Dad playing The Beatles in the car en-route to Queenstown.
Here are parts 1, 2 and 3.


text:
Q: is string an array in php you can do numeric index in string like in array.
ex.
$text = "esenihc gnikcuf yloh";
echo $text[0];
echo $text[1];
echo $text[2];
...................
...................
...................

But if you put string in print_r() not same will happen like in array and you cant do count() with string.
I read the documentation and it says.
count()
return 1 if not an array in the parameter
print_r()
if string is in parameter it just prints that string.
this is not the exact word but something like this.

Why both these functions dont treat string same as an array?
So final question is string an array?

A: Unlike for example C, PHP has an inbuilt string datatype. The string datatype allows you array-like access to the single characters in the string but will always be a string. So if you pass it to a function that accepts the mixeddatatype this function will determine the datatype of the passed argument and treat it that way. That is way print_r() will print it in the way it was programmed to output strings and not like an array.
If you want a function that works does the same as count for arrays have a look at strlen.
If you want you can "turn" your string into an array through str_split.

A: A string is an array if you treat it as an array, eg: echo $text[0], but print_r Prints human-readable information about a variable, so it will output that variable.
It's called Type Juggling
$a    = 'car'; // $a is a string
$a[0] = 'b';   // $a is still a string
echo $a;       // bar

To count a string's length use strlen($string) then you can for a for()

A: no a string is no array
A string is series of characters, where a character is the same as a byte and  An array in PHP is actually an ordered map. A map is a type that associates values to keys.

A: simply everything in the sense every variable in PHP is an array.

A: Maybe too late but:
<?php
    $text = "esenihc gnikcuf yloh";
    $arrText = explode(" ", $text);

    foreach($arrText as $word) {
        echo $word . "<br>";
    }
?>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Love4NailArt: Winter Penguins with Snowflakes!
Here is a new design idea for you!
Check out these adorable PENGUINS!
I absolutely think that these nails are just to die for.
of the items I used to complete this design idea.
Also check out the additional pictures I added to this post for you to enjoy.
I hope that you enjoy this Winter Holiday Nail Design!


In response to the earthquake in Haiti, MIT Media Lab students have developed a service that helps communities rebuild after a crisis by indexing the skills of local residents so that NGOs like the American Red Cross and Partners In Health can quickly find and employ them.
Since January, Greg Elliott and Aaron Zinman have been developing Konbit, a free interactive communication platform that allows Haitians, their diaspora and the international community to report their skills by phone, text message or web. In anticipation of long-term rebuilding efforts, the goal of Konbit is to index everyday skills, such as language or construction skills, that aren't currently being advertised or tracked by sites like Craigslist or Monster.
Composed of several hardware and software systems, Konbit allows people from multiple countries to work together to help disaster victims find employment and rebuild their economy. It includes software for web, text, phone and translation services, as well as servers located in Cambridge and custom phone hardware to be installed in Haiti.
Konbit is language- and medium-neutral, meaning that voice and text messages can be translated through the Konbit phone, text or web interface. The voice component is crucial to Konbit because more than 60 percent of the Haitian population is illiterate, according to UNICEF.
Messages in native Creole will be translated by volunteer Haitians and then transcribed into the database so that NGOs can search for specific skills in real-time and by location.
In addition to aiding reconstruction, another goal of Konbit is to prevent the outsourcing of labor. When aid organizations bring non-Haitians into Haiti for relief and reconstruction work, this prevents Haitians from receiving training and experience that could be valuable once the relief teams have left. It also hurts the Haitian economy, which had a 70 percent unemployment rate before the earthquake, according to the U.S. Agency for International Development.
Zinman and Elliott hope to launch a prototype of the Konbit platform in early March. While the phone and web interfaces are essentially working, Zinman and Elliott are trying to get the major telecommunications companies in Haiti to deploy the service as soon as possible.
Konbit got its start in the four-day Independent Activities Period workshop sponsored by the Media Lab and the Center for Future Civic Media that was aimed at developing innovative technologies to alleviate the crisis caused by the Jan. 12 earthquake in Haiti.
Dale Joachim, a Media Lab visiting scientist who helped run that workshop, is now teaching "New Media Projects for Haiti" with Barry Vercoe, professor of media arts and sciences in the Media Lab. The project-oriented class will explore how communications technology can help rebuilding efforts. The class has about 30 undergraduate and graduate students enrolled, as well as a handful of participants who are attending the lectures.
The first half of the class includes lectures on topics about Haitian society, such as economics, education and language, that will help student groups choose a societal problem and devise solutions. The class will travel to Haiti during the last week of April to field test and document its solutions. Each project will have its own evaluation plan that will be discussed when the class returns to MIT.
The Sloan School of Management is also offering a class directly involved in Haitian relief efforts. Several students from that class, "Applications of System Dynamics: Global Challenges," are helping the U.S. military quickly analyze data for humanitarian-relief needs.
Taught by Sloan senior lecturer Anjali Sastry, the project developed after Marc Zissman, assistant head of the Communications and Information Technology Division at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, asked for help assessing the current state of health, food, shelter and water in Haiti. Zissman is helping the U.S. military Joint Task Force in Haiti coordinate a group that will survey 288 displacement camps and neighborhoods in the country to determine the needs and supplies for the overall humanitarian effort.
On a weekly basis, Sastry's students will analyze up-to-the-minute data collected in Haiti over the next one to four months. The results are urgently needed for planning and decision-making and will be reported to the military, NGOs and the U.N. In addition to the rapid data analysis, the students will produce a set of white papers to help frame the results within the larger picture of long-term sustainability in Haiti, and how the humanitarian efforts might play out over time.
"This is really about putting MIT skills to the test," Sastry said, urging the various relief and reconstruction projects within the MIT community to communicate and partner with one another so there can be a better understanding of the needs and opportunities in Haiti.
That line of thinking will guide the March 8 retreat by the MIT/Haiti Response Advisory Group. Hosted by Vice Chancellor and Dean for Graduate Education Steve Lerman, the goal of the retreat is to identify viable MIT-led projects that could meet Haiti's needs.
Is it at all practical to work on construction of billboard size electronic education material presentation platforms for the masses?
Part education, part entertainment, part public service, part advertising and communication portal. Multi location. Self generation of power. Content via ????
How far off base am I?


Neutrophils were previously shown to digest oxidized carbon nanotubes through a myeloperoxidase (MPO)-dependent mechanism, and graphene oxide (GO) was found to undergo degradation when incubated with purified MPO, but there are no studies to date showing degradation of GO by neutrophils. Here we produced endotoxin-free GO by a modified Hummers' method and asked whether primary human neutrophils stimulated to produce neutrophil extracellular traps or activated to undergo degranulation are capable of digesting GO. Biodegradation was assessed using a range of techniques including Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and mass spectrometry. GO sheets of differing lateral dimensions were effectively degraded by neutrophils. As the degradation products could have toxicological implications, we also evaluated the impact of degraded GO on the bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. MPO-degraded GO was found to be non-cytotoxic and did not elicit any DNA damage. Taken together, these studies have shown that neutrophils can digest GO and that the biodegraded GO is non-toxic for human lung cells.


We are so proud to announce two Pioneer Bank Team members who have earned advancements in banking. Achieving these levels demonstrates their level of expertise in customer service and knowledge of banking is outstanding. Pioneer Bank prides ourselves on the phenomenal service our staff provides.
In Carlsbad, Becky Garcia has achieved her Retail Banking Supervisor. Becky has been serving customers at Pioneer Bank for over 10 years. She is always smiling and a joy to work with.
Thank you Becky and Stephanie for making Pioneer Bank the best bank in New Mexico! The level of care you provide our customers is incomparable.
Tags: bestbank, congratulations. Bookmark the permalink.


We supply high quality timber fencing products. We stock a good range of timber posts to complement both traditional and continental style fencing panels enabling customers to create their own garden fence design. All posts, gravel panels and sleepers are available from stock. At Pennine Fencing & Landscaping we encourage customers to visit our premises, view our displays and inspect the quality.
A corner slotted ribbed timber post.
A brown slotted planed timber post.
A brown corner slotted planed timber post.
A flat top timber post.
A tanalized green sleeper of excellent quality.
Extend your existing posts to accommodate taller panels with this H profile post extension piece.
Extend your existing posts to accommodate taller panels with this U profile post extension piece.


text:
Q: Convert from Nsnumber to data to send rssi to bluetooth module IOS swift 4 I found the received signal strength of iPhone to the bluetooth 4.0 module that I am using, but it is in the format of NSNumber and the writeValue() method only takes values of type Data.
How would I go about converting from NSNumber to type Data? Or is there another, better way to send this data from my iPhone to the bluetooth module?
The bluetooth module I am using is the HM-10 and it is connected to an arduino.
import UIKit
import CoreBluetooth

class ViewController: UIViewController, CBPeripheralDelegate, CBCentralManagerDelegate {
    private var centralManager: CBCentralManager!
    private var peripheral: CBPeripheral!
    var readRSSITimer: Timer!
    func centralManagerDidUpdateState(_ central: CBCentralManager) {
        print("Central state update")
        if central.state != .poweredOn {
            print("Central is not powered on")
        } else {
            print("Central scanning for", ParticlePeripheral.particleLEDServiceUUID);
            centralManager.scanForPeripherals(withServices: [ParticlePeripheral.particleLEDServiceUUID],
                                              options: [CBCentralManagerScanOptionAllowDuplicatesKey : true])
        }
    }
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        centralManager = CBCentralManager(delegate: self, queue: nil)
    }
    func centralManager(_ central: CBCentralManager, didDiscover peripheral: CBPeripheral, advertisementData: [String : Any], rssi RSSI: NSNumber) {
        // We've found it so stop scan
        self.centralManager.stopScan()
        // Copy the peripheral instance
        self.peripheral = peripheral
        self.peripheral.delegate = self
        // Connect!
        self.centralManager.connect(self.peripheral, options: nil)
    }
    func centralManager(_ central: CBCentralManager, didConnect peripheral: CBPeripheral) {
        if peripheral == self.peripheral {
            print("Connected to your Particle Board")
            peripheral.discoverServices([ParticlePeripheral.particleLEDServiceUUID])
            print(self.peripheral.readRSSI())
            self.startReadRSSI()
            peripheral.delegate = self
        }
    }
    func centralManager(_ central: CBCentralManager, didDisconnectPeripheral peripheral: CBPeripheral, error: Error?) {
        self.stopReadRSSI()
        if self.peripheral != nil {
            self.peripheral.delegate = nil
            self.peripheral = nil
        }
    }
    func stopScan() {
        self.centralManager.stopScan()
    }
    func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral, didDiscoverServices error: Error?) {
        if let services = peripheral.services {
            for service in services {
                if service.uuid == ParticlePeripheral.particleLEDServiceUUID {
                    print("LED service found")
                    //Now kick off discovery of characteristics
                    peripheral.discoverCharacteristics([ParticlePeripheral.redLEDCharacteristicUUID,
                                                        ], for: service) //edited this
                    return
                }
            }
        }
    }
    func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral, didDiscoverCharacteristicsFor service: CBService, error: Error?) {
        if let characteristics = service.characteristics {
            for characteristic in characteristics {
                if characteristic.uuid == ParticlePeripheral.redLEDCharacteristicUUID {
                    print("Red LED characteristic found")
                } else if characteristic.uuid == ParticlePeripheral.greenLEDCharacteristicUUID {
                    print("Green LED characteristic found")
                } else if characteristic.uuid == ParticlePeripheral.blueLEDCharacteristicUUID {
                    print("Blue LED characteristic found");
                }
            }
        }
    }
    func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral, didReadRSSI RSSI: NSNumber, error: Error?) {
        print("RSSI = \(RSSI)")
    }
    @objc func readRSSI() {
        if (self.peripheral != nil) {
            self.peripheral.delegate = self
            print("RSSI Request - \(peripheral.name!)")
            print(self.peripheral.readRSSI())
        } else {
            print("peripheral = nil")
        }
    }
    func startReadRSSI() {
        if self.readRSSITimer == nil {
            self.readRSSITimer = Timer.scheduledTimer(timeInterval: 3.0, target: self, selector: #selector(ViewController.readRSSI), userInfo: nil, repeats: true)
        }
    }
    func stopReadRSSI() {
        if (self.readRSSITimer != nil) {
            self.readRSSITimer.invalidate()
            self.readRSSITimer = nil
        }
    }
}

A: You can use Data bytes initialiser and pass your received number to it to convert it to Data:
init(bytes: UnsafeRawPointer, count: Int)

extension NSNumber {
    var data: Data {
        var source = self
        return Data(bytes: &source, count: MemoryLayout<NSNumber>.size)
    }
}

To convert it from Data back to NSNumber you can use Data's method
func withUnsafeBytes<ResultType>(_ body: (UnsafeRawBufferPointer) throws -> ResultType) rethrows -> ResultType

extension Data {
    func object<T>() -> T { withUnsafeBytes { $0.load(as: T.self) } }
    var nsNumber: NSNumber { object() }
}

Playground testing:
let integerNumber = NSNumber.init(value: 2)
let integerNumberData = integerNumber.data

let loadedintegerNumber: NSNumber = integerNumberData.nsNumber

loadedintegerNumber  // 2

let floatNumber = NSNumber.init(value: 2.7)
let floatNumberData = floatNumber.data

let loadedFloatNumber: NSNumber = floatNumberData.nsNumber

loadedFloatNumber  // 2.7

let boolNumber = NSNumber.init(value: true)
let boolNumberData = boolNumber.data

let loadedBoolNumber: NSNumber = boolNumberData.nsNumber

loadedBoolNumber  // 1


text:
NEW LINCOLN LUXURY SUVS IN LIVERMORE, CA
Discover the New Lineup of Lincoln SUVs at Livermore Lincoln
At Livermore Lincoln, our team is proud to offer a full lineup of luxury SUVs. Spacious and impeccably designed, each one upgrades every trip you take. Whether you're looking for a small, sporty model or a full-size family SUV, it's easy to find the perfect match. Learn more about the Lincoln SUVs of our new inventory and visit Livermore Lincoln on Kittyhawk Rd to learn more! We are less than a half-hour drive away from Fremont, CA.
Meet the Lincoln SUVs
Lincoln Corsair: The smallest of the Lincoln SUVs, the Corsair offers seats for five and a flexible cargo area that adjusts to different adventures. The sleek, stylish body is a breeze to maneuver, and a range of bold and classic colors helps you find the right tone for your personality.
Lincoln Nautilus: Luxurious and low-slung, the Nautilus brings together the agility of a sedan and the space of an SUV. With five seats and a variety of cutting-edge entertainment and safety technology, this model is a joy to drive. Choose from multiple engines for custom power.
Lincoln Aviator: The Aviator is a luxury midsize SUV that's perfect for families near Stockton, CA. Load in up to seven people and enjoy the comfortable seats, impressive powertrain options, and exceptional technology.
Lincoln Navigator: Large and in charge, the Navigator provides room for up to eight people. You'll enjoy ample cargo space as well as a powerful engine and technology features such as Wi-Fi and a stunning touchscreen display.
Lincoln Combines Power and Style
As you drive in Hayward, CA a Lincoln SUV makes a statement. From the graceful lines to the elegant interiors, every aspect is both beautiful and functional. Under the hood, a range of powertrain configurations deliver smooth, powerful performance on any journey. Whether you're making a grocery run or heading to the slopes, Lincoln's reliable engineering gets you there with confidence.
Explore our selection of Lincoln SUVs online today, and imagine yourself behind the wheel. Whether you're just getting started or you're ready to make a choice, our inventory is always online for effortless shopping in Livermore, CA and beyond. If you have further questions about the purchase process, you can check in with our finance center to learn more! Shoppers in the Pleasanton, CA area will find Livermore Lincoln less than 15 minutes outside of their hometown. Schedule a test drive and visit us today!


text:
Make - Bentley
Model - Vanden Plas-style Tourer
Vehicle Registration - 941 EXC
Chassis Number - B122MR
MOT - Exempt
1939Bentley 4.25 Litre Vanden Plas-style Tourer
A Rare MR Overdrive Chassis Model
Price £160,000
First registered on 30th March 1939, chassis B122MR denotes that it is a superb example of the rare overdrive chassis and is therefore, one of only 100 MR series manufactured (estimates suggest there may be less than 80 survivors). She began life as a Hooper bodied saloon but was rebodied by master craftsman Tony Robinson in the style of a Vanden Plas Tourer during 1971 with the four-seater's elegant coachwork reportedly being modeled on that of an ex-Malcolm Campbell Derby Bentley which sat alongside it in Mr Robinson's workshops. Belonging to Martin Way Esq for a number of years, '941 EXC' was bought by prominent Bentley Drivers' Club member Philip Evans in 1986. Showing an indicated 55,106 miles when MOT tested on November 12th that year, chassis B122MR was extensively enjoyed and improved during Mr Evans' twenty-year custodianship. The original engine was overhauled by Brunts of Silverdale with the back axle, steering, one-shot lubrication system, dashboard and instruments being refurbished too. Cosmetically, it benefited from the fitting of new wings prior to being resprayed and retrimmed. A multiple concours award winner at events as diverse as 'Top Cars on Top of the World' and the Rallye de Fougeres, the Bentley also covered tens of thousands of miles around New Zealand, Canada, New England, New York, Scandinavia and southern Europe etc without missing a beat.
Consigned to the H&H's July 26th 2006 Buxton auction, the four-seater was bought by race car specialist John Harper for use at his French holiday home. Kept and maintained by Mr Harper for nine years, '941 EXC' entered the current ownership – that of our founder Simon Hope – in 2015. Having known the Derby Bentley for nearly thirty years and with first-hand experience of its capabilities thanks to Mr Evans' generosity, Simon was determined to make it look as well as it drove and maybe even a concours contender once more. Entrusted to 355 Automobile Restorations Ltd of Albury for a bodywork renovation and bare metal respray, chassis B122MR also gained a new hood and tonneau cover plus refinished brightwork and fresh tyres. Driven some 1,300 trouble-free miles to the 2016 Le Mans Classic, that same year saw it selected for Cheshire Concours d'Esprit at Oulton Park and come second in the coachbuilt pre-war class at The Warren Classic and Supercar Show. Not the slowest driver in the world, Simon has made ample use of the car's high-speed cruising gait during journeys around the UK.
Only being sold due to not being used as much as it should be recently, this desirable Post Vintage Thoroughbred is worthy of close inspection. Among the fastest and most usable of all prewar Bentleys, the 'overdrive' series Derbys are justly sought after.
Model Background:
Unveiled to great acclaim at the August 1933 Ascot Races, the Derby Bentley was underpinned by a 'double dropped' chassis featuring all-round semi-elliptic suspension and four-wheel drum brakes. Powered by a more potent version of its Rolls-Royce 20/25 sibling's 3669cc OHV straight-six engine allied to four-speed manual transmission, the newcomer was soon christened the 'Silent Sportscar'. Responding to increased competition from the likes of Alvis and Lagonda, Bentley gave its customers the option of a larger 4257cc engine during the 1936 season. Priced at £50, a comparatively modest sum compared to the cost of a basic chassis, the new unit proved so popular that the smaller capacity powerplant was soon dropped. Nicely balanced to begin with, the Derby Bentley chassis proved more than capable of handling the extra power and torque. Further revised in late 1938, the 'Silent Sportscar' gained centralised chassis lubrication, automatic shock absorbers (with hand control override), better steering, improved 'big-end' crankshaft bearings and - most importantly of all - an 'overdrive' gearbox with direct drive on 3rd gear and overdrive on 4th gear. Available from chassis B2MR onwards, these modifications allowed it to tackle Europe's first generation of high-speed roads such as Italy's autostradas or Germany's autobahns with confidence. Long sought after due to their relaxed cruising capabilities and theoretical 100mph plus performance (they were geared to 107mph in 'overdrive' top), production of the final MR and MX series amounted to a mere 200 cars.


text:
Babcock & Wilcox Signs Exclusive Global Licensing Agreement with Ohio State Innovation Foundation for Innovative Chemical Looping Technology for Decarbonization and Hydrogen Production, Further Enhancing B&W's BrightLoop™ Offering
By: Babcock & Wilcox Enterprises, Inc. via Business Wire News Releases
November 02, 2021 at 06:30 AM EDT
Babcock & Wilcox (B&W) (NYSE:BW) announced today that it has signed an agreement with the Ohio State Innovation Foundation for an exclusive, worldwide commercial license for a chemical looping process and particle used for decarbonization and the production of hydrogen, steam and/or syngas, which complements B&W's existing technology portfolio.
B&W and The Ohio State University jointly researched, developed and demonstrated the technology, which B&W offers under the BrightLoop name as part of its innovative ClimateBright™ suite of decarbonization and hydrogen production technologies. B&W and Ohio State researchers have successfully demonstrated production of hydrogen from syngas at the U.S National Carbon Capture Center. The BrightLoop process uses an exceptionally versatile, abundant oxide particle and can be used with many fuels, including natural gas, biogases, petroleum coke, coal, and biogas from municipal solid waste for waste-to-energy and syngas.
"B&W's BrightLoop process is a game-changing solution for clean energy production with near zero carbon emissions," said Brandy Johnson, B&W Vice President Global Engineering. "The research conducted by Ohio State and B&W has demonstrated not only the effectiveness of the technology to efficiently separate CO2 while producing hydrogen, steam and/or syngas but also how it is fully scalable, adaptable and economically feasible for large and small installations."
The BrightLoop oxide particle, which was developed exclusively by Ohio State researchers, is also economical and can be readily regenerated, which provides extended particle life and lower operating costs in an environmentally friendly way, unlike other chemical looping systems that use copper, nickel, cobalt or other materials which are difficult to source and dispose.
"This license agreement, aimed at the commercialization of this chemical looping technology, represents an extraordinary milestone in my journey which began 30 years ago," said Liang-Shih Fan, Ohio State Distinguished Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. "The dedicated and long-enduring effort and commitment of my team at Ohio State have overcome various challenges through our multiscale-based fundamental, multifaceted approaches."
"The key to its success is the Ohio State exclusive development of the patented oxygen carrier and the moving bed reduction platform," Fan said. "We appreciate the strong partnership with Babcock & Wilcox in the successful earlier demonstrations of two large pilot units to ascertain the scaling effects of the technology for hydrogen and heat generation."
B&W's ClimateBright suite of technologies have application for a wide range of industries including petrochemical processing, oil & gas, hydrogen production, energy production and energy storage, food manufacturing, steel, cement, pharmaceutical, carbon black, and pulp and paper among others.
B&W's ClimateBright solutions include:
BrightLoopTM technology to produce hydrogen, steam or syngas from a variety of fuels or feedstocks while isolating CO2 for capture or other industrial purposes
SolveBrightTM regenerable solvent technology for carbon capture processes
OxyBrightTM combustion process ideal for CO2 isolation and sequestration applications
BrightGenTM hydrogen combustion technology
B&W's 20-year license gives it the exclusive right to market and sell the licensed technology to industrial and utility customers anywhere in the world, in conjunction with B&W's own proprietary BrightLoop technology.
"BrightLoop technology is an ideal solution for hydrogen producers, petrochemical facilities, oil & gas producers, utilities, manufacturers or other industrial companies that want to generate clean hydrogen, syngas and energy with near-zero carbon emissions," Johnson said. "We're currently in discussions with customers about opportunities for using this technology in their operations, and we are eager to look for additional opportunities to scale up this breakthrough technology for commercial use. We also look forward to further developing complementary technologies through our continuing collaboration with Ohio State. They have been ideal partners throughout the research and development process and we look forward to continuing to work closely together as we bring BrightLoop technology to B&W's customers."
To learn more about B&W's ClimateBright technologies, visit babcock.com/decarbonization.
About Babcock & Wilcox
Headquartered in Akron, Ohio, Babcock & Wilcox Enterprises is a leader in energy and environmental products and services for power and industrial markets worldwide. Follow us on LinkedIn and learn more at www.babcock.com.
B&W cautions that this release contains forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, statements relating to the signing of an exclusive commercial licensing agreement for chemical looping technology for decarbonization and hydrogen production, and commercialization opportunities related thereto. These forward-looking statements are based on management's current expectations and involve a number of risks and uncertainties. For a more complete discussion of these risk factors, see our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our most recent annual report on Form 10-K. If one or more of these risks or other risks materialize, actual results may vary materially from those expressed. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this release, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, except to the extent required by applicable law.
Megan Wilson
Vice President, Corporate Development & Investor Relations
Babcock & Wilcox
704.625.4944 | investors@babcock.com
Babcock & Wilcox Enterprises


Yesterday, Attorney General Josh Stein and NC Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Mandy Cohen, with Blue Cross and Blue Shield of North Carolina President and CEO Patrick Conway and Atrium Health President and CEO Eugene A. Woods, launched More Powerful NC – a public education campaign to prevent and confront opioid addiction by empowering people to fight against addiction in their communities. The NC Chamber is proud to be a part of this campaign as a member of the More Powerful NC coalition, which is comprised of businesses, health care organizations, state agencies, public safety associations and more.
The campaign will include TV, radio, outdoor, and digital ads that encourage people to safely dispose of unneeded prescription medication and to talk to their doctors about alternatives to opioids for treating pain. In addition, the More Powerful NC website provides people with facts about the epidemic, information about addiction treatment and recovery, and suggestions for ways to get involved. It also makes available toolkits for parents, educators, coaches, local government officials and others to help people take action in their own communities.
Over the last ten years, opioid overdoses have doubled. Now, five people die every day from opioid overdoses in North Carolina. The opioid epidemic is devastating our state, heavily weighing on North Carolina's health care, criminal justice system and workforce. We must do all we can to solve this public health crisis. If you're interested in joining the More Powerful NC campaign as a community or statewide partner, click here. Together, we're more powerful than the opioid epidemic.


text:
Water agency, city work to curb arundo growth
Heather Merenda, with the environmental services division of the City of Santa Clarita, holds a rhizome from an arundo plant in the Santa Clara Riverbed near the end of Avenue Tibbitts on Wednesday, March 1, 2017. Katharine Lotze/The Signal
SCV Water and the city of Santa Clarita are joining forces to stop a thief stealing about 20,000 acre-feet of water from the Santa Clarita Valley every year.
The thief is called arundo — an invasive nonindigenous type of bamboo — that continues to invade natural habitat along creeks in the Santa Clarita Valley and in the Santa Clara River watershed.
At a recent meeting of the SCV Water Agency to discuss water resources, Steve Cole, SCV Water assistant general manager, warned his peers that arundo is going to be a high-value target.
"The plant sucks up so much water," he said. "It amounts to about 20,000 acre-feet a year."
An acre foot of water is about the same as a football field under one foot of water.
"We've reached out to the city of Santa Clarita," he said. "We're trying to get focused on how best to move forward.
"There's some interest in trying to get a task force together," he said. "There was a program called the invasive weed removal plan, and there's been some interest in getting that back up and running."
In January, Cole and other water officials joined city staffers — and representatives of the Sierra Club — in working side by side removing arundo from the Santa Clara River watershed.
"We're trying to do something with the (SCV) Water Agency," said Santa Clarita Sustainability Planner Heather Merenda, with the city of Santa Clarita.
Unfortunately, she said, the bird-nesting season prohibits arundo removal efforts between February and October, she said.
During the nesting season, arundo removal volunteers are left with a couple of alternatives that don't involve ripping up the invasive plant.
"Instead, we do a lot of dragging," Merenda said, referring to volunteers dragging arundo that's already been cut.
In October, she hopes to mobilize a volunteer effort to actually remove the unwanted weed.
To date, more than 100 acres of the city's 297 acres of river property have been assessed for arundo and have been treated.
The problem is that the destructive plant keeps growing back.
Workers burn it, cut it down with chain saws and wrap it with chains, then pull it out with tractors — only to see it pop back up because of a root system connected in a mat under the ground's surface.
A member of the bamboo family, arundo grows 9 to 18 feet tall, though it occasionally towers to 30 feet tall, with leaves 11 inches to 2 feet long and up to 2 1/2 inches wide.
It replaces other vegetation in riparian areas — those with a natural waterway — choking out other plants that provide food for native animals and eliminating shade from native plants that provide habitat for protected species such as the arroyo toad, red-legged frog, western pond turtle and unarmored three-spined stickleback.
The red-legged frog is of a particular concern, Merenda said, since it is sensitive to whatever herbicides are used to kill arundo.
Glyphosate concern
The city has used a chemical on arundo that includes glyphosate, a controversial herbicide commonly known by the brand name Roundup.
Two weeks ago, Los Angeles County supervisors banned the controversial herbicide from being used by county work crews anywhere in the county.
Glyphosate is a key ingredient in the commercial brand by that name. Roundup is a well-known and effective weed abatement method used by many public and private entities.
Merenda said the city is considering the use of an alternative to glyphosate but the alternative herbicide "tends to be a lot harsher" on the habitat.
"With the red-legged frog being threatened and endangered, I can't use it," she said. "Right now, we're trying to figure out what herbicide we can use."
@jamesarthurholt


1 Singapore Dollar (SGD) to (SCR) Seychellois Rupee Exchange Rate - SGD/SCR Charts, History, Historical Rates, Currency Converter.
1 SGD/SCR Exchange Rate points that how much 1 Singapore Dollar in Seychellois Rupees currency is.
It is also available to check inverse of the rate as 1 Seychellois Rupee to Singapore Dollar. Exchange Rates are updated each minute at 1exchangerate.com. In addition to the exchange rate, you are also able to get Singapore Dollar and Seychellois Rupee currency to any other money exchanges. You can calculate cross rates of these two exchange rate by using the currency calculator below.


An interesting recipe for a multi layer cake with strawberries. I want to introduce you a new interesting technology for the cake or pastry base. At least he was new to me, even though I knew this was the famous Wood Cheese. I was worried that it would be dry and hard, but for my joy it turned out that this blade is very fine, oily and tender as taste and consistency. The recipe is Genuss, and the swamps are mine. I hope you like it and decide to try. Enjoy!
* Smash the creme oil with 200 g of sugar. Add the egg yolks one by one and then 5 tablespoons. from the liqueur.
* Beat the snow on the snow. Gradually add the remaining sugar and continue to crush until it dissolves.
* In a bowl, mix almonds, starch, flour and vanilla.
* Add the dry ingredients, proteins and whipped cream to the oil mixture with gentle stirring.
* Post a 26 cm cake shape with baking paper. Heat the oven grill at 250 *. Pour 2 to 3 tablespoons. of the dough and spread it with a spoon or spatula on a thin layer.
Bake it under the grill for about 2 minutes until it turns brown. Remove the shape from the oven, pour a new portion of the dough and re-spread it to a thin layer.
Bake under the grill until brown and the second layer. This line is repeated until the dough is over.
* While the marsh is still hot, syrup with the remaining 5 tablespoons. orange liqueur. Allow to cool and then garnish as desired. I chose the classic strawberries and cream.
* If you like this option mix the sour cream with powdered sugar and vanilla with a spoon. For the first time, I tried the new product of Yotker, Bourbon vanilla. I am fascinated, I will definitely use it regularly from now on.
I recommend it to you too, because there is a pretty good amount of ground true pods of vanilla. The aroma is fundamentally different from the artificial vanilla we usually use.
* Pour the sour cream over the marsh, squeeze the whipped cream over it for lightness and fluffiness and finally garnish with strawberries. Glow them with a slightly warm jelly or jelly.
* If you like this layer you can use it for any cakes, pastries or small pastes. Let the glaze be according to your taste and imagination. Enjoy!


Dimensions: 11.34" x 8.15" x 12.91"
Digital EnergySmart technology with energy use indicator.
Programmable thermostat & 2 heat settings.
Tip Over Switch & Overheat Protection.
The Honeywell Deluxe EnergySmart Cool Touch Heater is an incredibly efficient heater that utilizes EnergySmart Technology to regulate power consumption while providing an indicator that displays overall energy usage. Ideal for heating large to wide areas of space, this unit comes with a programmable thermostat and two separate heat settings. The addition of safety enhancers such as a Cool Touch Safety Grille, Tip Over Switch and Overheat Protection exceed Industry Safety Standards while reassuring absolute peace of mind. User friendly controls, efficient heating and a focused attention on safety make this a versatile unit that can be implemented in any number of settings.


Literacy Collaborative® (LC) is a long-term professional development model designed to provide a comprehensive, school-wide approach to core literacy instruction. Implementation supports the FCPS Balanced Literacy Framework for systematic teaching of reading and writing in grades K-6. School-based literacy coaches are trained to offer on-going professional development and coaching opportunities for teachers to refine their instruction, in order to improve the reading, writing and language skills of all students.
Reading Recovery® is a highly effective short-term intervention within the FCPS Responsive Instruction model. It is designed for first grade children who are not learning to read and write as quickly as their peers. Children in Reading Recovery receive daily lessons from a specially trained teacher for approximately 12-20 weeks. The majority of children served reach grade level expectations. Teachers receive ongoing professional development and ongoing, job-embedded coaching from Reading Recovery teacher leaders in order to strengthen their theoretical understandings and practices. This Tier 3 intervention is in addition to classroom (core) reading and writing instruction.
to tailor instruction to better enable students to progress in the area of mathematics.
Teachers use the knowledge they gain from this professional development in order to plan, implement, and monitor instruction and intervention based on students' mathematical understandings.
K.L.A.P. is a professional development model designed to assist kindergarten teachers in building their understanding and practices of how to teach for accelerated early literacy learning. As part of this 13-week professional learning experience, teachers receive guidance as they engage in a hands-on cycle of planning, teaching, checking for understanding, and refining instructional practice.
Number and Operations is a professional development course for teachers in upper elementary grades. Participating teachers deepen their understanding of the base ten number system and mathematical operations along with their understanding of how children learn these concepts through student-centered learning experiences.
Literacy support is designed to strengthen students' reading and writing skills. Title I literacy leaders and classroom teachers work together to assess students' strengths and needs and to plan appropriate literacy instruction. Literacy instruction focuses on the five essential components of reading: phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. Title I literacy leaders may provide ongoing professional learning for teachers in their schools. They work in classrooms as well as with small groups of students. Instruction is based on the FCPS Program of Studies (POS) and the Virginia Standards of Learning (SOL).
The purpose of the mathematics support is to increase the mathematics achievement of students in Title I schools. Title I math leaders focus on helping students develop mathematics concepts, problem solving strategies, and computational skills. They work with classroom teachers to assess students' strengths and needs and to plan appropriate mathematics instruction. Title I math leaders may provide ongoing professional learning for teachers in their schools. They work in classrooms as well as with small groups of students. Instruction is based upon the FCPS Program of Studies (POS), the Virginia Standards of Learning (SOL), and the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) Standards.
Learn more about Title I and eligible FCPS schools.


EIPA has its own in-house laboratory for the realization of new and improved welding alloys as well as for monitoring production processes.
In order to constantly monitor welding alloys, each EIPA wear plate is logged individually, whether in standard or special format. The welding logs content not only the data of the base materials and the selected alloy quality but also include all welding parameters of the hardfacing process. Consecutive numbering of the logs makes the production of every single EIPA plate traceable. In addition, all information about the manufacturing process is saved in a database for additional evaluations and quicker traceability.
Our gapless manufacturing documentation is supplemented by continuous quality control of samples. They are removed for each charge and product change at random positions and evaluated for quality purposes.
If requested by the customer, quality certificates, such as DIN EN ISO 10204 2.2 or 3.1 certificates can be supplied from EIPA.
Trainees and workshops ensure that our staff stays qualified.