Meet our team of qualified and experienced bookkeepers who keep our clients' accounts up to date, meet their VAT deadlines and provide them with the support and advice they need to maintain and grow their business.
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Monday 8th of November is a day to remember. The short-listed authors for the four categories were invited along with a guest to Zinc restaurant in Federation Square, Melbourne. There the Minister for the Arts Simon Crean made the announcements. The Prime Minister Julia Gillard first spoke about the awards.
A topic of conversation from the sending out of the invitations a week before, to the 10.30 am commencement of the wards ceremony was: did the short-listed authors know the winner, or did the relevant publishing houses know the winner?
Authors were advised that there was a 2 minute speech time. But should all authors be prepared with a speech? I wasn't- well I wrote a rough few lines in the train going down to Melbourne- I was intending to enjoy the function and not stress about not winning. As as each successful author was announced (fiction, non fiction YA )and the winner was overcome with shock, elation, emotion, (and a real need to screech) it was clear to the audience that the winners were only being revealed as they watched and listened.
So when they came to the fourth and final category- children's fiction and the title 'Star jumps' was read out- I was seriously wondering how to make it to the platform- what to take( no glasses I'd left them home in my haste to catch that train) so I took the exercise book I'd scribbled my brief attempt at a speech in. My husband Kelvin assures me that he kissed and cuddled me first...hmm don't remember that part.
But there was Julia Gillard smiling and waiting and holding a framed certificate, gold envelope and a white box. All for me!!!
Once on stage I looked out to a sea of cameras and tripods. My voice wavered. What had I written in my notebook? Even glasses borrowed from Sue couldn't help me to see.
But genuine emotion, elation, spilled out over the faces. My 'Star Jumps' that book written with more tears than typeface had won a major awrad. My 'Star Jumps' written in prose poetry, the book I wanted to write, had to write, that takes the reader into the time of crisis on a real to life dairy farm, had won a major award.
So here now I say my thanks. My daughter Natalie asked if I'd thanked God. So here I thank God for that talent of writing; to my six children so readily glimpsed in the lives of Ruby, Connor and Keely; to my husband Kelvin with whom our farming life was pioneered; to my publisher Sarah Foster at Walker for her love of poetry; to Sue Whiting my editor who so brilliantly edited, to Mim the designer at Walker for the cover; to May Gibbs Literature trust Norwood, Adelaide for giving me that time to write and cry and write again. Because this is a book that carries my heart, in a quiet, farming way.
And to all my writing friends- all is possible, keep writing, keep writing, and thanks for knowing how to encourage.


Andrea Haenlin-Mott is the current ADA Coordinator for Cornell University in Ithaca, NY. As such she provides expertise to other departments to make Cornell campus more physically accessible for individuals with disabilities. She previously served as the Project Director for the Employment and Disability Institute, ILR School, Extension Division, at Cornell University. There she managed the Northeast ADA and Accessible Information Technology Center, which encompasses Federal Region II (New York, New Jersey, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands) and provided training and technical assistance on the Americans with Disabilities Act and accessible information technology. She has vast experience in developing and providing presentations and training programs to a variety of organizations including architects and designers, educational entities, employers, businesses, unions, and disability organizations on various aspects of ADA and related laws.


text:
There is a general trend in America and some countries in Europe where most incarcerated people are of the black/African race compared to their populations. What could cause this state of affairs? If the incarcerated are mainly there because of nature, then what would be the optimal solution for it? And what would happen if the criminal tendencies were due to nurture/environment? These questions impact heavily on policy and human relations, and one can only navigate through them safely if the nature v/s nurture debate is handled effectively. Such a state of having clear and well thought out ideas is only possible in the context of writing a nature versus nurture essay. In this article, we are going to learn how best to write this kind of essay by outlining the preparations required and through illustrating one of nature versus nurture examples.
Defining the Key Issues for the Nature vs nurture Essay
The most important part when it comes to thinking and writing about nature versus nurture is getting a clear grip on what the key issues are, and coming up with the required ideas and concepts. In a nature versus nurture essay, the key issues are:
A clear definition of what nature means
A clear nurture definition
An understanding of the difference between nature and nurture
An estimation of effects of each of the contending realities
A view on the criminal justice system and its optimal requirements
Developing an idea of how the nature vs nurture debate can be harnessed for positive effect in society
The optimal thinker is one who either knows his/her biases and works around them or has no bias and is willing to investigate and see things for what they are. This is possible if after the key issues to be resolved are outlined the thinker and scholar goes ahead to investigate the nature vs nurture debate accordingly to see how it is linked to other social issues.
Tracing the Meanings of Key Terms Used In the Essay
The dictionary is often a good place to begin with when trying to find out the meanings that are probably given by seeing how to define nurture regarding the criminal justice system. But one may need to go further and trace some of the etymologies of the keywords and trace the changes in usage through time. Such an approach reveals the primary context of usage and reveals some of the interests and issues that gave rise to the usage of the term(s). For example:
"The usage of the 'nature vs nurture' was started by Francis Galton (1887) when Darwinian philosophies were rising and it was almost necessary that the intellectual community in Europe should create a paradigm that would help in explaining some of the critical issues in society through the use of heritable and un inheritable qualities..." (Moore- 2016).
By knowing how such terms began to be used and the context in which they were first coined, we can have a glimpse of some of the hidden issues that may go unnoticed to the uncritical mind. Besides, it is imperative that one also seeks latest trends in the nature and nurture definition. For example, how far has genetics and micro-biology gone in identifying the interactions between what has been deemed to be nature vs nurture? This sets one on an investigation and research path that requires rigor in identifying credible and relevant sources and engaging these sources as intensively as possible.
Doing an Informational and Literature Review for the Nature vs Nurture Essay
The investigation brings much information and detail for processing so that a deep and cogent understanding of the issues involved can be developed, and any new areas for investigation and development can be identified and pursued. This implies doing a thorough review of what has been found. For example, how does one define nurture? The method to be used in this case then becomes similar to that of conducting a literature review.
Sources and details need to be properly documented and placed on a special space that can facilitate visualization. Normally, it's the unattended ideas that give the best answers that help to create a fresh and insightful view in the nature versus nurture debate.
Dealing with the Unattended Possibilities
A proper investigation and research review is apt to reveal new ways and approaches that could be helpful in writing this kind of nature vs nurture essay.
"Carey (2011) showed how there can be non-genetic inheritance. Part of this non-genetic mechanism is linked to molecules that may be part of the environment around chromosomes..."
Such a lead could make one wonder how hard and fast the difference between nature and nurture is. Given that there may be many such leads, it's imperative that one takes time to consider the thesis or finding that may be available from the information under scrutiny. Therefore, the construction of an appropriate thesis involves a careful balance of the various styles of thinking available and a careful and succinct expression of facts in determining the issues between nature vs nurture.
Compiling Evidence for the Nature vs nurture Essay
The necessary evidence is collected as one builds the thesis and outlines the major ideas and premises. The deal is to find the strongest evidence first for each of requisite premises and to arrange them in the preferred way. Then one should step back and critique the logical structure of the thesis and evaluate it for validity, persuasiveness and beauty. Once this is done, then the nature vs nurture debate is ready to be resolved. Recall that in this instance the resolution is through analyzing nature vs nurture examples.
Writing the Essay
Like most essays, the nature vs nurture essay has the;
Preliminaries,
The main argument
And finally the summary of the argument
The Preliminaries - How to Start a Nature vs Nurture Essay
This forms the introductory part of the essay. At this point, one tries to grip the reader by stating an issue that shows that the reader needs to be concerned in the main argument presented. More often than not, if the investigation and research was thorough then one is likely to find a gripping state of affairs that if shared will convince the reader of the import of the nature v/s nurture examples. The preliminaries also show how the essay intends to build on the thesis found. It introduces the key premises that will facilitate the main argument and minimizes any objections that may have been raised in the research and or in the level where we put together the findings of the nature vs nurture debate and the main thesis is forming.
This is how to start a nature vs nurture essay, consider the example:
"The trend of incarcerating black Africans at a rate that's higher than other races, and given the police organization's policies reveals that there is heavy bias and unintelligent action against the victims of the criminal justice system in America and Europe. This essay is intended to show that the main assumption of police authorities assume that most criminals are formed by nature and that they find little incentive in noting how the state created conditions of living contribute in the increase in desperation and anger among the black community. Through exploring issues like the history of the nature vs nurture debate and its scientific imperfections, politics of race, modern genetics and micro-biology, this essay will show that the scientific community may be complicit in atrocities against a race that tends to genocide."
Once we know how to start a nature vs nurture essay and we have a clear nurture definition, we can move to the main argument.
Presenting the Main Argument in the Nature vs Nurture Essay
You have now stated the thesis of your 'what is nature vs nurture essay'. The next important thing is to transition to the main presentation that you've already outlined in your preparations and show how the nature vs nurture debate is resolved.
The idea is to structure your paragraphs such that each opening statement is the premise to be built on, followed by the evidence for it, then state the analysis you've created and deal with any objection associated with the premise.
"The history of the nature vs nurture debate has been skewed by political aims rather than scientific ones. Moore (2016) shows how the pioneers of this argument selected a mode of experimentation that was unsound. Previous studies were mainly focused on twin studies, yet these studies can only be used to account for variation and not causality. Yet, since the inception of these methods few scientists have challenged the validity of the experiments..."
Each paragraph is treated similarly and the whole argument is then tied together as already outlined during your preparations.
Summarizing Your Nature vs nurture Essay
Your summary of what is nature vs nurture essay is about a recapitulation of facts in alternative terms. It restates the thesis and repeats how the main premises used have been tied together. It then outlines some of the implications of the status quo and what could be done in the foreseeable future given the nature v/s nurture examples chosen.
Our article has shown the importance of the nature vs nurture essay and how it can be used to resolve the nature vs nurture debate. It is our hope that the nature vs nurture examples will help you write better essays from now on.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Gas Technology Institute To Deliver LNG Bunkering Safety Training
September 3, 2015 by gCaptain
Last week Gas Technology Institute (GTI) joined with Marine Firefighting Inc. to train more than 150 stakeholders and first responders about liquefied natural gas (LNG) awareness. The class was given in Jacksonville, Florida where LNG bunkering and storage facilities are planned.
The program was developed specifically for Port of Jacksonville area stakeholders, especially local first responders, and included firefighters from the Jacksonville Fire Rescue Departments, the U.S. Coast Guard Sector Jacksonville, and local area law enforcement agencies.
This training was the first step in future LNG specific training dealing with the LNG bunkering and storage facilities planned for Jacksonville.
The training was sponsored by many of the LNG storage and bunkering stakeholders in Jacksonville. Among the stakeholders were TOTE's Sea Star Line, JaxLNG, (a partnership of WesPac Midstream LLC and Pivotal LNG), the Florida East Coast Railway, the Crowley Maritime Corporation, and Eagle LNG Partners.
A collaborative of these and other marine trade organizations have formed The Jacksonville Marine Transportation Exchange (JMTX). Along with U.S. Coast Guard Sector Jacksonville and the Jacksonville Port Authority, this collaborative has been responsible for the safe and efficient operations of the Port of Jacksonville.
Both TOTE and Crowley will have LNG fueled container ships operating out of Jacksonville to ports in Puerto Rico. TOTE's Sear Star Line is expecting to have its first LNG ship bunkering in Jacksonville this year.
This first class was a basic LNG awareness and safety class for first responders in the Jacksonville area. The participants received the instruction by Tom Guldner,president of Marine Firefighting Inc. Tom has trained Mariners and Firefighters in LNG safety for over 14-years. Tom's class explained the properties of LNG and also the many safety measures and emergency procedures in place which have given the marine transport of LNG one of the highest safety records.
Gas Technology Institute and Marine Firefighting Inc. will follow up with more training for both first responders, LNG fueled ships crews, and LNG facility workers both in Jacksonville, Florida and in Tacoma, Washington where another LNG bunkering operation is planned.
Filed Under: Press Releases Tagged With: Firefighting, LNG, marine-firefighting


When she was a young lawyer, Kholoud Al-Faqih walked into the office of Palestine's Chief Justice and announced she wanted to join the bench. He laughed at her. But just a few years later, in a land where women rarely ascend to the highest ranks of governance, Al-Faqih became the first woman judge to be appointed to the Middle East's Shari'a courts.
"The Judge" offers a mesmerizing portrait of Al-Faqih—her brave journey as a lawyer, her tireless fight for justice for women, and her drop-in visits with clients, friends, and family. In the process, Erika Cohn's film illuminates some of the universal conflicts in the domestic life of Palestine—custody of children, divorce, abuse—while offering an unvarnished look at life for women under Shari'a (or Islamic) law.
Linda Davis is an Emmy-nominated filmmaker who produced "The Force," a verite look inside the long-troubled Oakland Police Department, which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in 2017. She also produced "The Kill Team," about a soldier in Afghanistan who attempted to report war crimes committed by his platoon, which won Best Documentary Feature at Tribeca in 2013; and "The Waiting Room," a verite portrait of a day in the life at a public hospital in Oakland, California, which received an Independent Spirit Award nomination for best documentary.
"Truly CA" is KQED's showcase for independently produced documentaries about the Golden State.
"Truly CA" is broadcast year-round on KQED. If you miss an episode, don't despair: You can watch the film online on YouTube.


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PacketConsoleLogger.h File Reference

This will write all incoming and outgoing network messages to the log command parser, which can be accessed through Telnet.
More...

#include "NativeFeatureIncludes.h"

#include "PacketLogger.h"

Classes

class  	RakNet::PacketConsoleLogger

 	Packetlogger that logs to a remote command console.  More...

Namespaces

namespace  	RakNet

 	Simple class to send changes between directories. In essence, a simple autopatcher that can be used for transmitting levels, skins, etc.

Detailed Description

This will write all incoming and outgoing network messages to the log command parser, which can be accessed through Telnet.

This file is part of RakNet Copyright (c) 2014, Oculus VR, Inc.

Usage of RakNet is subject to the appropriate license agreement.

<address class="footer">
Generated on Mon Jun 2 2014 20:10:28 for RakNet by

 1.8.2
</address>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


America is rising with a giant's strength. Its bones are yet but cartilages.
But perhaps he excels all the great men that ever lived in the steadiness of his adherence to his maxims of life, and in the uniformity of his conduct to the same maxims. These maxims, though wise, were yet not so remarkable for their wisdom as for their authority over his life; for if there were any errors in his judgment (and he discovered as few as any man), we know of no blemishes in his virtue. He was the patriot without reproach; he loved his country enough to hold his success in serving it an ample recompense. Thus far self-love and love of country coincided; but when his country needed sacrifices few could, or perhaps would, be willing to make, he did not even hesitate. This was virtue its most exalted character.
No man ever did or ever will become truly eloquent without being a constant reader of the Bible, and an admirer of the purity and sublimity of its language.


text:
Feature homepage
U.S.- EU Launch Pledge to Cut Super Climate Pollutant Methane
The United States and the European Union launched a global pledge to reduce methane emissions by nearly a third by 2030, as part of a broader effort to increase ambition to address the climate crisis. The launch was announced at the Major Economies Forum on Energy and Climate hosted today by President Biden. This is the first time heads of State have pledged fast action to cut super climate pollutants to meet the 1.5°C temperature target of the Paris Agreement. read more
Statement on the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer
As the world enters a crucial phase in the battle to combat climate change, International Ozone Day reminds us that the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is not only saving the stratospheric ozone layer and keeping us safe from harmful ultraviolet radiation but is also doing more than any other agreement to slow catastrophic global warming. As we celebrate the achievements of this planet-saving treaty, we also need to realize how much remains to be done. read more
Cutting Methane Key to Keeping Earth From Warming Itself Beyond Human Control
Aggressively cutting methane emissions is the fastest and most effective way to reduce the rate of warming and keep the global average temperature from breaching the 1.5°C barrier above preindustrial levels, according to the Global Methane Assessment released today by UNEP and the CCAC. The Assessment calculates that available mitigation measures can cut emissions from human activities by 45 percent and avoid nearly 0.3 °C of warming by the 2040s. read more
World leaders to US: "Welcome back to the fight. This time I know our side will win"
Most world leaders who spoke this morning at President Joe Biden's Leaders' Summit welcomed the U.S. back to the climate fight. Many world leaders echoed President Biden's science goal of limiting warming to 1.5 °C, and many shared the president's focus on the decade of action to 2030. read more
China to Accept Kigali Amendment on HFCs and Strengthen Action on Other Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases
In a virtual summit with President Macron of France and Chancellor Merkel of Germany, Chinese President Xi Jinping announced China will accept the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. President Xi also mentioned China's intention to strengthen the control of non-CO2 greenhouse gases. read more
President Biden to Submit Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol for Senate Ratification
President Biden directed the State Dept. to prepare a transmittal package to the Senate for the ratification of the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol to phase down potent HFCs. "President Biden knows the Senate better than any president before him, and will be using the advice and consent process to build bipartisan support for this and future climate action, which the American people are demanding," said IGSD President, Durwood Zaelke. read more
Pandemic Relief Bill Mandates HFC Phasedown in Compliance with Montreal Protocol's Kigali Amendment
In a huge win for the environment and American businesses, the Consolidated Appropriations Act that was signed into law on 27 December 2020 phases down potent greenhouse gases HFCs. Reducing HFC refrigerants could avoid up to 0.5°C of future warming. Climate benefits could double with parallel improvements in energy efficiency of cooling equipment. read more
Climate-friendly Cooling Could Cut Years of GHG Emissions, Buy Time and Save US$ Trillions: UNEP & IEA
Coordinated international action on energy-efficient, climate-friendly cooling could avoid as much as 460 billion tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions – roughly equal to eight years of global emissions at 2018 levels – over the next four decades. read more
COP21 Leaders Event: President Obama Reminds World of Progress via Montreal
President Obama reminded the world of the success of the Montreal Protocol, an international climate agreement that continues to provide bold mitigation, at the Leaders Event opening of COP21. "Earlier this month in Dubai, after years of delay, the world agreed to work together to cut the super-pollutants known as HFCs. That's progress." read more


text:
Youth (foaled 1973 in Maryland) was an American-bred French Thoroughbred racehorse.

Background
Youth was a Brown horse, bred and owned by Texas oilman, Nelson Bunker Hunt. Youth was sired by U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee Ack Ack. His dam was Hunt's French-bred mare  Gazala II, a daughter of the 1953 Kentucky Derby winner, Dark Star. Gazala II was a brilliant racehorse and champion filly of France winning the French 1,000 Guineas and Prix de Diane in 1967. She was broodmare of the year in 1976 having produced not only Youth but the colt Mississipian  who won the Grand Critérium and Gonzales.

Youth was sent to race in Europe where he was trained from a base at Chantilly Racecourse by Maurice Zilber,

Racing career
Youth's best result in a conditions race at age two was a runner up position in the 1975 Prix Saint-Roman at Longchamp Racecourse in Paris. At age three, Youth developed into a major star on the turf both in France and in North America. In 1976, he won five important races in France including the Prix Lupin and the French Derby. On October 3, he ran third in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe to winner Ivanjica, after which he was shipped to Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Canada, where under Hall of Fame jockey Sandy Hawley he won the October 23 Canadian International Championship Stakes. Youth then was sent to Laurel Park Racecourse in Laurel, Maryland for the November 6 Washington, D.C. International Stakes. Again ridden by Sandy Hawley, the colt defeated Arc winner Ivanjica to take the prestigious event by ten lengths. Youth's performances earned him the Eclipse Award as the American Champion Male Turf Horse of 1976.

Stud record
Youth was retired to stud duty in 1977 at Gainesway Farm in Lexington, Kentucky   where he most notably sired Teenoso, winner of England's Epsom Derby (1983), King George VI & Queen Elizabeth Diamond Stakes (1984), and France's Grand Prix de Saint-Cloud (1984). He also sired the Grade 1 winners Sharaya(1980) and Young Mother(1986) both winners of the Prix Vermeille, Longchamp.

Youth sired the following graded stakes winners.

 Rattling Wind (1978) Premio Mario Incisa (gr.3) Italy
 Buchanette(1979) Prix de Flore (gr.3) France
 Teenoso(1980) Epsom Derby, King George VI & Queen Elizabeth Stakes, Grand Prix de St Cloud, Ormonde Stakes England & France
 Sharaya(1980) Prix Vermeille, Prix de la Nonette France
 Seismic Wave (1981) Ormonde Stakes England
 Young Mother (1986) Prix Vermeille, Prix de Malleret France

In 1987 Youth was later sold for stud purposes to  Brazil Where he sired the Brazilian Derby winner of 1992 Palemon and the graded stakes winner Luzette.

References

1973 racehorse births
Racehorses bred in Maryland
Racehorses trained in France
French Thoroughbred Classic Race winners
Eclipse Award winners
Thoroughbred family 8-a

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
P. Diddy & All his Kids on the Cover of ESSENCE … Opens Up About Kim Porter & her last Words to him [PHOTOS]
princemilan
MILAN'S TASTY THURSDAY: How about a Blood Orange Margarita? … We all need it!
The melanin is on full display!
Music mogul P. Diddy and his children Quincy, Justin, Christian, Chance, D'Lila and Jessie are all on the cover of Essence magazine's 49th anniversary issue in a stunning and beautiful Black spread.
In the interview, Sean "Diddy" Combs spoke about how important his family is to him and requested that his cover story be titled, "Family Over Everything".
"Before this, I was a part-time father, you know?" he explained. "My family was always first, but there are countless times when I chose work over everything else."
He went on to say: "But every day I can hear her telling me to go and spend some time with the kids and make sure everybody's all right, like she would do. I'm just a lot more present, and, most important, now my kids come before anything else in my life…"
Through highs and lows, valleys and streams—the Combs family remains tighter than ever. We could all learn a thing or two from the Combs Dynasty. Tap the 🔗in bio for more from our May issue. #RIPKimPorter (📷: @danascruggs)
A post shared by ESSENCE (@essence) on Apr 23, 2019 at 1:10pm PDT
Ice Cube, Samuel L. Jackson Pays Homage to the late John Singleton
The new issue is also said to be a tribute to the mother of Diddy's kids and late ex-girlfriend, Kim Porter, who recently passed away.
Diddy recalls the last words that Kim shared before she died suddenly last November (2018).
"Three days before she passed, she wasn't feeling well," Diddy, 49, shared in the May issue. "She had the flu, and she sent the kids over to my house so they wouldn't get sick. One night I was checking on her, and she was like, 'Puffy, take care of my babies.' She actually said that to me before she died."
The heartfelt interview hits newsstands on Friday.
Image credit: Essence Magazine
Magazines P. Diddy
Angry AF
princemilan April 24, 2019
#AskMilan: What is it like to date a Sagittarius…
Milan & Friends: "Your Body, Your Choice" … but are you treating it right?
Signs That Tells You He's Just Not The One…
52 Love Quotes That Say Exactly What 'I Love You' Mean…
Guy Codes to Dating… That's Not Cool Bro!
5 Things You Should NOT Do or Say on the First Date!


text:
Koolstof (Latijn: carbonium) is een scheikundig element met symbool C en atoomnummer 6. Het is een niet-metaal dat in verschillende vormen, allotropen, voorkomt. In de natuur komen de allotropen diamant, grafiet, amorfe koolstof en het zeldzame lonsdaleïet voor. Fullerenen zijn  synthetische vormen van koolstof.

Geschiedenis
Koolstof werd al in de prehistorische oudheid ontdekt en gebruikt in de vorm van houtskool, dat bereid werd door organisch materiaal (meestal hout) te verhitten in een zuurstofarme omgeving. Het Engelse carbon is dan ook afgeleid van het Latijnse woord voor houtskool.

Ook diamant, een andere allotroop van koolstof, is al lang bekend. Pas sinds enkele decennia is het mogelijk diamant synthetisch te vervaardigen. Fullereen, een derde allotroop, werd in de jaren 80 ontdekt tijdens het bestuderen van het massa-spectrum van een proef waarbij een laser koolstof deed verdampen.

Het was de Franse scheikundige Antoine Lavoisier die wist dat carbon pur (zuivere koolstof) een chemisch element was. Halverwege de achttiende eeuw was algemeen bekend dat diamant bij hoge temperaturen brandt. Maar Lavoisier toonde aan dat het verbrandingsproduct kooldioxide is, wat inhield dat diamant zuivere koolstof is. In 1779 ontdekte de Zweedse scheikundige Carl Wilhelm Scheele dat ook grafiet zuivere koolstof is.

Voorkomen
Koolstof  komt voor in de vorm van koolwaterstoffen, met name de fossiele brandstoffen aardgas en aardolie. Uit aardolie wordt in de petrochemische industrie onder andere benzine en kerosine gedestilleerd en het dient als basis voor veel synthetische stoffen, waaronder plastics.

Toepassingen
Andere toepassingen zijn:
 De isotoop 14C (ontdekt op 27 februari 1940) wordt gebruikt bij koolstof-14-datering.
 Grafiet vormt het "streepvormend" deel in potloden, waarbij ook nog klei wordt toegevoegd voor stevigheid.
 Diamanten (pure koolstof) vinden toepassing in (kostbare) sieraden en worden om hun hardheid onder andere toegepast in boorkoppen.
 Bij de productie van staal is koolstof een van de stoffen die met het ijzererts wordt gemengd.
 In kernreactors wordt grafiet in staven toegepast om het kernsplijtingsproces te modereren, ofwel beheersbaar te houden.
 De chemische en structurele eigenschappen van fullerenen maken dat voor deze koolstofcomplexen misschien een veelbelovende rol is weggelegd in de nanotechnologie.
 In fijnverdeelde toestand (actieve kool) heeft kool een hoog specifiek oppervlak en kan gebruikt worden als adsorbeermiddel. Het wordt wel gebruikt als filtermateriaal om vloeistoffen te ontkleuren en zelfs ingeslikt om gifstoffen uit het maag-darmkanaal te verwijderen ('Norit').
 Elektronicaweerstanden (grafietweerstand); koolstof is weliswaar een goede stroomgeleider, maar een dun laagje kan als weerstand dienen. Wel neemt de weerstand met toenemende temperatuur toe. (Hoe krachtiger de stroom, hoe hoger de temperatuur, en hoe hoger de weerstand.) Grafiet heeft daarbij als voordeel dat het temperatuurverhoging goed doorstaat.
 Koolhydraten als ethanol, suikers als sacharose, glucose, fructose, zetmeel enz.
 Plantaardige oliën en vetten en de verwerking daarvan in voeding en oleochemie.
 Als allerbelangrijkste: het element koolstof is onmisbaar voor alle levende wezens: alle organische verbindingen bevatten het element koolstof.
 Formule 1-auto's zijn van koolstofvezel gemaakt

Opmerkelijke eigenschappen
Koolstof is een vierwaardig element dat in grote hoeveelheden op aarde voorkomt. Het heeft de unieke eigenschap zich stabiel met andere koolstofatomen te kunnen binden tot ringen en ketens, vertakt of onvertakt.

De vier belangrijkste allotropen zijn:
 grafiet, een van de zachtste bekende vaste stoffen, met een hardheid van 1,5, maar in de vorm van koolstofvezel wel met een hoge treksterkte;
 diamant, het hardste natuurlijke mineraal dat we kennen, met een hardheid van 10,0 op de hardheidsschaal van Mohs;
 amorf koolstof;
 fullerenen, synthetische holle structuren met elektrochemische eigenschappen die interessant zijn voor toepassing in nanotechnologie.

Daarnaast zijn er nog exotischer vormen ontdekt zoals lonsdaleïet, glasachtig koolstof en starre, rechte ketens als 'carbyne' (met alternerende enkelvoudige en drievoudige bindingen) en cumuleen (met alleen dubbele bindingen).

Bij normale druk vormt koolstof grafiet. Hierbij vormt elk koolstofatoom bindingen met drie andere koolstofatomen. Deze verbindingen liggen alle in hetzelfde vlak, dat bestaat uit gefuseerde hexagonale ringen, net als bij aromatische koolwaterstoffen. De twee bekende vormen van grafiet, alfa-hexagonaal en bèta-rombohedraal, hebben identieke fysische eigenschappen, maar verschillen in kristalstructuur. Natuurlijk grafiet kan tot 30% uit de bètavorm bestaan. Synthetisch grafiet bevat alleen de alfavorm. De alfavorm kan overgaan in de bètavorm door mechanische behandeling. Boven 1000 °C gaat de bètavorm weer over in de alfavorm.

Grafiet geleidt elektriciteit (door de delokalisatie van het p-orbitaal). Grafiet is zeer zacht en bestaat uit lagen die makkelijk over elkaar heen glijden, omdat de binding tussen de lagen alleen door vanderwaalskrachten wordt gevormd. De sterkte binnen een laag is wel weer groot, een eigenschap die bij koolstofvezels ('linten' van grafiet) tot uiting komt.

Bij zeer hoge druk kan de tweede allotrope vorm, diamant, ontstaan. In diamant vormt elk koolstofatoom bindingen met vier andere koolstofatomen. Diamant heeft dezelfde kubische structuur als silicium en germanium. De sterkte van de koolstof-koolstofbindingen maken diamant, samen met het iso-elektronische boornitride de hardst bekende verbindingen, die uiterst krasbestendig zijn.

Bij kamertemperatuur verloopt de overgang van grafiet naar diamant extreem traag. Onder sommige omstandigheden kristalliseert koolstof als Lonsdaleïet, een vorm die overeenkomsten vertoont met diamant, maar hexagonaal is.

Koolstof komt in zeer veel verschillende verbindingen voor, in alle organische levensvormen en vormt de basis voor de organische chemie. Koolstof heeft ook de interessante eigenschap dat het chemische verbindingen met zichzelf en talloze andere elementen kan aangaan (het aantal koolstofverbindingen is theoretisch onbeperkt). Koolstof vormt in verbinding met zuurstof onder andere CO2, dat van essentieel belang is voor plantengroei. In verbinding met waterstof vormt het zogenaamde koolwaterstoffen. Hiertoe behoren ook de vetzuren, waarvan vele onmisbaar zijn voor leven. Ook worden veel koolwaterstoffen als fossiele brandstoffen aangetroffen.

Koolstof is om vele redenen een bijzonder element. De verschillende toestanden lopen uiteen van een van de zachtst bekende materialen (grafiet) tot een van de hardste (diamant). Koolstof gaat gemakkelijk verbindingen aan met veel andere kleine atomen, waaronder ook andere koolstofatomen. Er zijn zo'n 10 miljoen koolstofverbindingen bekend. Koolstofverbindingen vormen de basis voor al het leven op aarde. De koolstof-stikstofcyclus is een van de processen die in de zon en andere sterren energie levert.

Koolstof werd niet gevormd bij het ontstaan van het heelal (in de Big Bang) vanwege het feit dat er drie botsingen tussen alfadeeltjes (heliumkernen) nodig zijn om koolstof te vormen. Het heelal koelde daarvoor in het begin te snel af. De vorming van koolstof vindt daarom voornamelijk in sterren plaats.

Fullerenen zijn genoemd naar de architect Buckminster Fuller, die soortgelijke constructies in architectonische ontwerpen introduceerde, en worden om dezelfde reden ook wel "buckyballs" en "buckytubes" genoemd.
Fullerenen hebben een grafietachtige structuur, maar in plaats van een zuivere hexagonale opeenstapeling komen er ook pentagonale en mogelijk heptagonale ordeningen van koolstofatomen in voor, waardoor de lagen zich vormen tot bollen, ellipsen en cilinders.
Aan de eigenschappen van fullerenen valt nog veel te ontdekken.

Verschijning
Er zijn als gezegd zo'n 10 miljoen koolstofverbindingen bekend. Koolstof komt in grote hoeveelheden voor in sterren (en dus de zon), kometen en in de atmosfeer van veel planeten. Sommige meteorieten bevatten microscopisch kleine diamanten die gevormd zijn toen het zonnestelsel nog een protoplanetaire schijf was.

Koolstof komt in diverse verbindingen voor in de aardatmosfeer (als koolzuurgas), in water (als koolzuur), op de zeebodem (methaanhydraat) en in de aardkorst (steenkool, aardolie). In combinatie met kleinere hoeveelheden calcium, magnesium en ijzer komt koolstof op aarde ook in grote hoeveelheden voor in carbonaat en rotsgesteenten als kalksteen, dolomiet, marmer, etc. Grafiet wordt in grote hoeveelheden aangetroffen in de Verenigde Staten, Rusland, Mexico, Groenland en India.

Natuurlijke diamanten worden gevonden in oude vulkanische gesteenten, opgesloten in het mineraal kimberliet. De meeste diamanten worden gedolven in Afrika, vooral in Zuid-Afrika, Namibië, Botswana, de Republiek Congo en Sierra Leone. Verder worden diamanten gevonden in Canada, de Russische Poolzee, Brazilië en in Noord- en West-Australië.

Isotopen

Het element komt op aarde van nature als twee stabiele isotopen voor: 12C en 13C. Daarnaast is er een radioactief isotoop 14C (Koolstof 14) dat in de atmosfeer voortdurend aangemaakt wordt door kernreacties ten gevolge van de kosmische straling. Koolstof-14-datering wordt veel gebruikt om archeologische vondsten te dateren.

Ionen
Strikt genomen komen er van koolstof geen vrije ionen voor, van koolstof zijn echter wel diverse oxidatiegetallen bekend.

Toxicologie en veiligheid
Koolstof wordt (beperkt) gebruikt als voedseladditief. In de EU is dit toegestaan onder E-nummer E153.

Roetuitstoot door onder andere het verkeer bestaat voor een belangrijk deel uit koolstof. Koolstof is daarmee een component van fijnstof.

Naast de talloze koolstofverbindingen zonder welke het leven op aarde niet mogelijk zou zijn, zijn er ook veel toxische koolstofverbindingen, waaronder:
 koolstofmonoxide (CO) dat onder andere voorkomt in uitlaatgassen van verbrandingsmotoren;
 het cyanide-ion (CN−), dat soms in mijnen wordt aangetroffen, maar ook een belangrijke toepassing heeft bij de productie van polymeren als polyurethaan.
Organische gassen zoals etheen (CH2=CH2) en methaan (CH4) zijn explosief en brandbaar wanneer ze met lucht (zuurstof) gemengd zijn.
 Vrijwel alle niet-ionaire koolstofverbindingen zijn in meer of mindere mate brandbaar.

Overzicht van koolstof-elementverbindingen
Door de centrale plaats die koolstof in de organische chemie inneemt, en het feit dat het, net als zuurstof, met een groot aantal elementen directe bindingen kan aangaan, zijn de verschillende koolstof-elementverbindingen ook zelf uitgebreid onderwerp van studie geworden. In onderstaande tabel zijn de verwijzingen naar de verschillende studiegebieden in het periodiek systeem opgenomen.

Zie ook
 Isotopen van koolstof
 Carbokation
 Carbide
 Koolstofkringloop

Externe links

Elementenlijst


text:
09 Dec Horror Hill – Season 3, Episode 11 – "It's the Little Things"
Posted at 17:00h in Horror Hill by Horror Hill 0 Comments
Horror Hill – Season 3, Episode 15 – "Sticky Situations"
Horror Hill – Season 3, Episode 14 – "A Light in the Forest"
Horror Hill – Season 3, Episode 13 – "Best Left Buried"
Horror Hill – Season 3, Episode 12 – "The Colour Out of Space"
Welcome to Season 3, Episode 11 of Horror Hill, starring Jason Hill.
In this episode of Horror Hill, we bring you a terrifying tale from author William Grabowski, performed by host and narrator Jason Hill, a story as poetic as it is frightening, and a feast for your mind's eye.
The version of this podcast which is made freely available here contains the listed story in its entirety. To enjoy a premium, ad-free version of this episode, as well as our extensive audio archive of other terrifying tales, please sign up for a Patrons account today.
🔑 Listen to the Ad-Free Premium Edition of this episode: S3E11 "It's the Little Things"
STORIES FEATURED IN THIS EPISODE
"Out Hunting for Teeth" by William Grabowski
Podcast executive produced and directed by: Craig Groshek
Podcast produced by: Craig Groshek
Podcast hosted by: Jason Hill
Stories performed by: Jason Hill
Sound design by: Craig Groshek
Script by: Craig Groshek and Jason Hill
Original artwork by: Omega Black
Audio program © 2020 Chilling Entertainment, LLC – All Rights Reserved. No reproduction or use of this content is permitted without the express written consent of Chilling Entertainment, LLC. The copyrights for each story are held by the respective authors.
Chilling Tales for Dark Nights – Season 4, Episode 38 – "Invisible Enemies"
The Simply Scary Podcast – Season 1, Episode 9 – "Secrets Beneath the Floorboards"
The Simply Scary Podcast – Season 3, Episode 4 – "Everything is Wrong"
Horror Hill – Season 1, Episode 9


Hello, I'm Lucy, Guv'nor of The Wise House.
Over the years my love for 'housy bits' has grown and I can often be found rubber-necking outside people's windows (dusk is best for this, lights on, curtains not yet closed!). It's hard to pidgeonhole my 'style' - I love strong colours, distinctive patterns and beautiful design, things that draw the eye to them.
I feel most inspired by homes that are eclectic and uncontrived with a 'lived in' feel.
My journey with The Wise House has already introduced me to so many talented British and overseas designers. I feel very passionate about the many amazing products being produced by small, talented artisans who love what they do.
I also enjoy designing and producing my own exclusive products, such as the Art Print and Hipster Bags. My daughter now has the bug and recently drew a fabric design for me which I love (watch this space).
*We bought my children a Wendy house for the garden and decided to give it a cheesy name combining the 'Wi' of Will (son's name) and the 'se' of Rose (daughter's name). We obviously had nothing better to do at the time?!! Hence, The 'Wise' House was born. It seemed like it was meant to be when I started the business and I didn't think twice about calling it The Wise House.


text:
Civil & political rights (6)
Economic, social & cultural rights (20)
Guides to human rights mechanisms (2)
Rights to land & natural resources (15)
UN human rights system (3)
Self-determination (14)
The struggle of the Shipibo community of Santa Clara de Uchunya against the expansion of oil palm (5)
Federacíon de Comunidades Nativas del Ucayali y Afluentes (FECONAU) (5)
Gobierno Territorial Autónomo de la Nación Wampís (GTANW) (5)
Instituto de Defensa Legal (IDL) (2)
Deforestation and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples - Building on the Palangka Raya Declaration (3)
Human Rights Due Diligence (3)
FECONAU (1)
UN urges Ucayali government to shelve plans which would expose indigenous territory in Peruvian Amazon to further land grabs
The UN has requested that the Regional Government of Ucayali cancel its plans to remove protections for a 3.5 million hectare area of Amazon rainforest. This would facilitate the invasion of indigenous Shipibo lands in Peru, and expose at least 100,000 hectares to immediate threat from settlers and agribusiness operations.
Press Release: Indigenous Community Urges European Banks to Hold Commodities Giant to Account Over Forest Destruction in the Peruvian Amazon
Press release: The indigenous community of Santa Clara de Uchunya has called upon major Scandinavian banks to use their influence as shareholders to insist that Alicorp removes Ocho Sur P from its palm oil supply chain.
Shipibo community in the Peruvian Amazon call on UN to safeguard their forests from government sanctioned landgrab
Indigenous and human rights organisations in the Peruvian Amazon have filed a formal petition to the UN to appeal for urgent action to prevent the land grab and destruction of their lands. The action comes in response to the decision by the Regional Government of Ucayali to remove protections for 3.5 million hectares of Amazon rainforest and allow for the invasion of indigenous lands.
Peruvian authorities to remove protection for over 100,000ha of forest and indigenous lands
Regional authorities in Ucayali, Peru are to issue an order which will remove protections for over 100,000 hectares of Amazon rainforest, opening it up to settlers and allowing for the invasion of indigenous lands. The affected forests have previously been declared as "Permanent Production Forests" (BPP), meaning they enjoy a high degree of legal protection from deforestation.
A Collective Response for Territory and Life
Indigenous communities very often face territorial threats which call for an agile response to avoid them escalating. In this second post of a two-part series, Miluska Elguera, who works alongside Kichwa communities in San Martin, Peru, shares how an innovative Early Response Fund mechanism is supporting grassroots responses to territorial conflicts.
MEDIA RELEASE: RSPO unwilling to stop human rights abuses and deforestation in Alicorp's supply chain in the Peruvian Amazon
The global sustainable palm oil body, the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), has definitively rejected a formal complaint brought against one of its members, Peru's largest consumer goods company, Alicorp S.A.A., for sourcing palm oil produced on a plantation which the RSPO itself has previously condemned.
Peruvian indigenous and civil society organisations file shadow report to UN-CERD urging action to address the ongoing violations of the land rights of indigenous peoples in the Ucayali and San Martín regions of the Peruvian Amazon
On the 30th March 2018, an alliance of civil society organisations submitted a shadow report to the UN's Committee on the Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination (CERD).
Organisasi masyarakat adat dan masyarakat sipil Peru mengajukan laporan bayangan kepada UN-CERD yang mendesak dilakukannya tindakan untuk mengatasi pelanggaran yang tengah terjadi terhadap hak-hak atas tanah masyarakat adat
Pada tanggal 30 Maret 2018, aliansi organisasi masyarakat sipil menyerahkan sebuah laporan bayangan
Buyers beware of trash and run: Melka group plans to sell off controversial oil palm plantations operations in the Peruvian Amazon
On 23 June, and no doubt in response to the growing challenges to their operations in Ucayali from the Peruvian government, Peruvian civil society and affected communities, the Melka group decided to put their properties up for sale in a public auction.
Wampis autonomous government declares a state of environmental emergency after oil spill
The Wampis autonomous government has issued a Supreme Order declaring the area affected the oil spill in the community of Mayuriaga to be in a state of environmental emergency.
According to Peru's regulatory body of the environment OEFA, 1,000 barrels of oil spilled into the community land on 3 February 2016 when a 40-year-old pipeline owned by the state oil company Petroperú ruptured.
The spill affected 400m2 of land, and flowed into the Cashacaño river, which then flows into the river Morona.
Press release: Wampis denounce negligence of state oil company Petroperú after oil spill devastates their territory
Community demands immediate suspension of pipeline use
London, March 2nd 2016: On the 18th February 2016 the autonomous territorial government of the indigenous Wampis people (Wampis GTA) submitted a formal complaint to Peru's regulatory body for the environment (OEFA) accusing the state oil company (Petroperú) of gross negligence for its failure to prevent and contain the oil spill in the Wampis community of Mayuriaga. As a preventative measure the Wampis GTA demand that the pumping of oil along a branch of the pipeline is suspended.
A message to the world from the Wampis
My name is Andres Noningo Sesen, I live in Puerto Galilea, a community in Northern Peruvian amazon. We are Wampis, one of the first peoples. Our ancestral lands cover over 1.3 million hectares of forest in the river basins of the Kanus (river Santiago) and Kanken (river Morona). We Wampis are a forest people, traditionally we lived in small groups, dispersed in the forest, hunting, fishing and gathering. It's only recently that we have settled in large communities.
Press Release: The Wampis nation of the Peruvian Amazon declares the creation of the first autonomous indigenous government in Peru
**PRESS RELEASE: For immediate Release**
The Wampis nation of the Peruvian Amazon declares the creation of the first autonomous indigenous government in Peru to defend the totality of their ancestral territory covering 1.3 million hectares of tropical forest.
Speaking out: Indigenous women leaders in Peru
The Indigenous Wampis people of the Upper Amazon in Peru set to establish their own autonomous self governing body
The Indigenous Wampis people of the Upper Amazon in Peru are on the verge of establishing their own autonomous self governing body to control and oversee their integralterritory. The Wampis communities reject large dam, road and hydrocarbon projects in their territory, (Statements and resolutions available in Spanish only).
Click here to view the statements
Statement A
Indigenous peoples of Peru unite to denounce imminent legal reforms that threaten land rights
In a statement published in a national newspaper, the council of AIDESEP, which represents over 1800 communities in the Peruvian Amazon called for the repeal and shelving of recent legal reforms being pushed through Peru's parliament that threaten to further weaken indigenous peoples' rights to land in favour of development projects.
'Our Fight' - Defending the forest and paying the ultimate sacrifice
On 1st September 2014 Edwin Chota and three indigenous Asheninka leaders were murdered while defending their forests. Through their widows, family and friends we learn about their on going fight for land titling in Peru. This story is one of many examples of Indigenous Peoples defending the forest and paying the ultimate sacrifice, launched just ahead of COP20 in Lima.
Revealing the Hidden: Indigenous Perspectives on Deforestation in the Peruvian Amazon
The report, Revealing the Hidden: Indigenous perspectives on deforestation in the Peruvian Amazon was compiled by Peru's national indigenous peoples' organisation (AIDESEP) and international human rights organisation, Forest Peoples Programme (FPP) and is based on the analysis and perspectives of Peru's indigenous leaders and organisations whose lives, lands and livelihoods are threatened by deforestation on a daily basis.
PRESS RELEASE: "Selling off our forests is a business for the Peruvian government"
New report finds that Peruvian government is failing to address the real causes of deforestation in the Peruvian Amazon while undermining indigenous peoples' efforts to protect their forests.


Deepak started his career within the Zinc mining & smelting industry as Project Engineer in Substation & Distribution Greenfield project. He then worked in a Marine and Logistics firm in the Bahamas as Maintenance and Commissioning Engineer. Following this he worked with Japanese and German automobile firms as Maintenance Engineer for Distribution and Utility related systems. He currently works as an Engineer in a regional NSW electricity Distribution utility.
Deepak has hands on experience in Distribution, Utility and Substation related systems. He has a particular interest in the consistent interpretation and implementation of Greenfield and Brownfield Standards with an emphasis on safety, reliability, economy and whole of life cost analysis.


Dahn announced April 5 through his personal Twitter account that he has entered his name into the NCAA's transfer portal with the intention of leaving Nevada.
Garrett announced Thursday on Twitter that he will transfer from Texas Tech.
Fink placed his name in the NCAA's transfer portal Wednesday, Kyle Bonagura of ESPN.com reports.
Perry and the rest of the Miami quarterbacks will compete into fall camp for the starting job, Manny Navarro of The Athletic reports.
Martell and the other Miami quarterbacks will battle into fall camp before a starter is named, Manny Navarro of The Athletic reports.
Thrasher has left the Coastal Carolina program and will join East Tennessee State as a graduate transfer for his final season of eligibility, the Johnson City Press reports.


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Q: Angular Service making Http requests to localhost:4200 instead of localhost:8080 I have an Angular + Spring Boot project. The Angular project contains services making Http requests to Spring Boot app running on port 8080. When i try to use apiBaseUrl variable from environment in service i get a 404 status as below:

services is making Http calls to localhost:4200 instead of localhost:8080
environment:
export const environment = {
production: false,
apiBaseUrl: 'http://localhost:8080'
};

service:
import { HttpClient } from "@angular/common/http";
import { Injectable } from "@angular/core";
import { Observable } from "rxjs";
import { environment } from "src/environments/environment";
import { Student } from "./student";

@Injectable ({
providedIn: 'root'
})

export class StudentService {

private apiServerUrl = environment.apiBaseUrl;

constructor(private http: HttpClient) { }

public getStudents(): Observable<Student[]> {

  return this.http.get<Student[]>('${this.apiServerUrl}/student');

}
 //rest of code

but when i make a change and give url direct, everything works fine.
return this.http.get<Student[]>('http://localhost:8080/student');

can someone explain it to me, this is my first angular app, so thank you for your understanding

A: You should be using backticks `, not single quotes '
  return this.http.get<Student[]>(`${this.apiServerUrl}/student`);

A: For resolve this problem you Can Change '' by ``  In this line this.http.get<Student[]>('${this.apiServerUrl}/student');
The correct code is :
this.http.get<Student[]>(`${this.apiServerUrl}/student`);

Or
this.http.get<Student[]>(this.apiServerUrl+ '/student');

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Manchester United won in midweek against Swansea with 2-0 away at home in Carabao Cup thanks to goals from Lingard. Mourinho played in this game with most of his reserves as regular players had lots of games in the last couple of weeks and they needed some break. But in Premier League their form is not so good and currently 5 points behind leader Manchester City. The Red Devils lost these 5 points in the previous 2 games where ended 0-0 with Liverpool and lost with 1-2 against Huddersfield. Both of these games came away at home, while at Old Traford are much better and won all games this season from all competitions - 6 wins in 6 games with 21 scored goals, which is impressive home performance. But players like Rojo, Bailly, Carrick, Fellaini, Ibrahimovic and Pogba are still injured and out.
Tottenham lost with 2-3 against West Ham in midweek in a game from Carabao Cup. This defeat ended a serie from 11 games in all competitions without a lose. Their coach Pocchetino played with reserves in this match, but the team lead with 2-0 at half time and lost the game in second. Much better form in Premier League after 4 wins in a row over West Ham with 3-2, Huddersfield with 4-0, Bournemouth with 1-0 and Liverpool with 4-1. Away at home The Spurs are best side so far in league after 4 wins in 4 Premier League trips with 12 scored goals.
After all, United are one of the best home teams in league as won all games at home this season, while Tottenham won all away games in league this season, so here I expect an interesting derby and over 2.5 goals.


The next big challenge in the pharmaceutical sector is not going to be producing breakthrough treatments for once-deadly illnesses. The industry is on track to accomplish that with 3,400 medicines in development today in the United States alone, an increase of 40% since 2005. Forty-one new drugs were approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2014, the most in 18 years.
Instead, the big challenge for the industry is proving the value of these new medicines to providers, patients, and payers who are concerned about the cost of the drugs. The challenge—and the opportunity—for the industry is to prove how new medicines improve patient outcomes and ultimately reduce other health spending.
Prescription drug spending continues to represent about one-tenth of $3 trillion in annual health expenditures in the United States. But red flags are being raised because the annual growth rate of drug spending spiked more than 13% in 2014, to $305 billion. That is partly attributable to increased prescription drug use among people who were newly insured under the Affordable Care Act. But as the accompanying chart shows, after rebates and other price concessions the estimated price growth for brand name pharmaceuticals was actually 5.5%. The annual growth in drug spending is expected to settle to the average growth of overall health costs over the next decade—about 6%.


Sails of Glory Anchorage > Off Duty > The Chippy Shop > Modeling, Repaints > How to make SOG bases. Easy, cheap and fast.
View Full Version : How to make SOG bases. Easy, cheap and fast.
I share with you how to make bases easily for SOG with not very expensive materials.
Cut the sheet of water effect and PVC foam with the same dimensions that have their original equivalents.
Make a hole in the middle of the base.
Paint the PVC base. You can make a cloud effect for example.
When the PVC is dry, draw the arcfire with a permanent pen.
You can add if you want all the additional information that comes in the original cards. You can use stickers to put that information, glued on the base of PVC.
You can also make reversible bases.
I really like that water effect Julián.
I think that sheets of that are going to have more than one use!
Does anyone know if this water effect acrylic is available in the US?
I like it, well done Julian.
That is well worth knowing.


Today developers and operators face the requirements of thousands of users expecting hundreds of application to operate without any disruptions at a high speed from everywhere around the globe. That is why cloud computing is and will be of rising importance to companies of all sizes. As a logical consequence, so is the demand for capacity and availability of the underlying IT infrastructure. The developers, operators, and users should have the luxury of being able to focus on applications and not on capabilities and limitations of data centers. To this end the implementation of an adaptable software-defined data center (SDDC) is a viable option that gains more and more traction.
The foundation of an SDDC is virtualization of CPU, memory, storage, and lately even networks. Virtual servers are created and maintained using an API and provide unprecedented flexibility compared to provisioning of physical servers, let alone saving of time. The main challenges of SDDC are the same as with traditional data centers—keeping costs at a minimum, while providing good user experience. Software-defined data centers are inherently built to scale all kinds of resources up and down in a timely manner by utilizing provisioning and orchestration tools. However, this dynamism is not feasible with traditional networks that rely on human beings configuring switches, routers, and firewalls by hand. That's where network virtualization comes into play. Software-defined networks (SDN) provide the required network programmability and are thereby an integral cornerstone of every SDDC. The shift to software-defined networks doesn't void the necessity of monitoring network traffic, but the approach to monitoring needs to be adapted.
Up until the rise of network virtualization, the best way to monitor network traffic was to place a physical probe that was able to capture and identify all traffic and the communication endpoints of all applications. In combination with real user data and performance metrics of the application servers operators were able to pinpoint the exact reason for performance degradation with ease. In increasingly virtualized environments the placement of physical probes becomes more and more difficult, and less practicable. If two virtual servers running on the same hypervisor talk to each other, it is very unlikely that even one byte of data will pass the physical network interface of the host running the hypervisor, because the whole network communication between the two virtual machines happens within the hypervisor. This might leave important gaps in probe-based monitoring.
Agent-based monitoring is a complementary approach to stay on top of the complexity and the dynamics of software-defined data centers. Though, one of the drawbacks is, that operators need to take care of installing agents in multiple locations throughout the data center: in hypervisors, in virtual machines, in containers, and ideally also in active networking components. Then again, modern provisioning and orchestration tools provide mechanisms to take care of the agent installation, so you don't have to bother with doing that manually.
Network interfaces, networks, and the Internet are inherently shared resources and have therefore the largest potential to cause end user performance degradation. So there are obvious reasons to monitor traffic and activities in software-defined networks. To that end, it is essential to understand how the technologies implementing SDNs work. Network overlays, one manifestation of SDN, are often used to create networks for containers on top of an existing network infrastructure. For operators it is imperative to know if the virtual network has been configured correctly and that it works as intended. Therefore agents must be able to detect network overlays and the data collector must have means to correlate network data from network overlays with physical network traffic, in order to be able to uniquely identify all communicating parties.
With today's network virtualization capabilities it is hard to determine if the network connectivity of any given operating system is physical or virtual. Of course network traffic has to hit a physical transfer medium at some point, except the communication takes place within the hypervisor. But it's virtually impossible to tell how many layers of network virtualization are in place from an operating system's point of view. Since encapsulation causes additional overhead in network traffic and de- and encapsulation takes time, it is valid to argue that network virtualization has a negative effect on overall performance. Everything comes at a price—impaired performance appears to be the tradeoff for faster provisioning and easier administration. That is why operators need several observation points at different levels of virtualization to be able to get a holistic overview of the infrastructure and to correctly pinpoint failures.
Let's say you start two containers connected by a network in two virtual machines running in a tenant network in a distributed OpenStack cluster that runs on a Ravello application, published to AWS. You then would have at least four layers of network virtualization in place: VXLAN encapsulation of the container network overlay, VXLAN encapsulation of the tenant network on OpenStack, Ravello's HVX SDN abstraction of AWS, and AWS SDN abstraction of the physical network. Nevertheless, the network configuration in the containers still looks like they have a physical network interface. A lower MTU of said network interface might be a good indicator of this virtualization. Then again, in contrast to VXLAN, alternative protocols like STT (Stateless Transport Tunneling Protocol) and Geneve (Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation) make use of the network interfaces' capability to do TCP segmentation offloading, which on the one hand might result in a steady MTU value of virtualized network interfaces and on the other hand might result in a dramatic performance increase under heavy loads.
Admittedly, this multilayered network "inception" scenario sounds a bit complex at first. However, this is already a reality in some productive environments and should give you a rough idea of what kind of complexity to expect from network virtualization and virtualization in general in the mid-term. Needless to say, smart monitoring solutions that can manage this complexity and provide precise information about topologies and status of connectivity at all layers of network virtualization are mandatory, but yet to be built. An agent-based approach, where hundreds of observation points are distributed throughout different layers of the entire application infrastructure, appears to be a reasonable solution towards application performance management in the era of holistic virtualization.


Litopenaeus vannamei – cultivated in India. Packed in the UK.
King Prawns can be cooked in a number of different ways once defrosted. Stir fry for approx. 2-6 minutes, (according to size). Grill or barbecue for 3-4 minutes each side or alternatively poach for 3-10 minutes (according to size).
Ingredients: Prawns (Crustacean), Water, Polyphosphates (3%), Salt (2%).
May occasionally contain small fragments of shell.


I am looking to build an extension to my existing bungalow. This will be a two storey dormer-style extension built with attic trusses (or similar) - to make it clear the second storey will be within the attic trusses.
The extension is to be rectangular, 7000mm wide and 12000mm in length. there will be a loadbearing wall just off centre lengthways which will support the trusses for the majority - the remainder will have an RSJ to support the trusses above.
- An internal vertical dimension at the eaves of 1138mm.
This makes the sloping part of the roof to increase 1292mm vertically (2430mm - 1138mm) over a horizontal length of 1084mm (5000mm - 2832mm / 2).
Even though this sounds quite a size to myself, I am thinking this may feel a bit claustrophobic? I was looking across the street the other day and seen a house that was basically 7m width and had a steep looking pitch - I was looking through the window and it didn't look very big at all inside. Has anyone else had any experience of similar size attic trusses? Any pictures of the finished product would be great.
I did look at getting stub/bobtail trusses with a vertical strut of 600mm which I thought may give that extra space, however I lowered the pitch to 40 degrees and ended up with even less space!
Also, what would be a decent length for a double bedroom with the above dimensions? Where do people position their wardrobes etc. with limited wall space?
I understand there will be plasterboard and finishing to be added to the finished dimensions which will slightly decrease the size.


text:
Joel Benenson: Weak support for Obamacare repeal
| Reuters Close By MAGGIE HABERMAN | 7/30/13 11:41 AM EDT Republican efforts to repeal Obamacare have middling public support at best, including among GOPers and in states carried last year by Mitt Romney, a new Democratic polling memo states. The interested parties memo by President Barack Obamas pollster Joel Benenson, obtained by POLITICO, asserts that GOP efforts to repeal the presidents signature health care law barely have majority support of their own voters and that Republicans are embracing a political loser by continuing to fight implementation. Playbook Lunch: Krueger on effects of Obamacare TOP complaints about Obamacare Voters of all ages, across states, regions, suburbs and rural areas are united in their belief that Republicans need to stop these diversions and start moving forward, wrote Benenson in the memo. Indeed, barely half (51%) of all Republicans want them to continue these futile votes to repeal a law that has been passed by Congress, signed by the President, upheld by the Supreme Court and is currently being implemented, Benenson wrote. The only voters still siding with Congressional Republicans in this destructive charade is the sliver of the electorate that constitutes their base: deeply conservative voters, and even 30% of them say Republicans should move on. He added, Even in states carried by Governor Romney in 2012, just 1 in 3 voters would like to see the GOPs efforts to undermine healthcare reform continue, and the same goes for the 10 decisive Battleground States. According to Benensons breakdown, a majority of voters call the repeated repeal votes a waste of time. And the numbers among conservatives in favor of attempts to roll back the law are not overwhelming. The ongoing Republican obsession with undermining Obamacare is helping drive perceptions that they are divorced from the issues and struggles Americans are facing, he writes. In a recent survey we conducted for the DNC, only 29% of voters said that ideas and policies of Republicans in Congress were in line with the views of ordinary Americans. He adds: Meanwhile 62% described them as out of touch with ordinary Americans and the remainder did not know.
For the original version including any supplementary images or video, visit http://www.politico.com/story/2013/07/obamacare-repeal-poll-joel-benenson-94914.html
U.S. official challenges claim that Obamacare hurts workers
Tavenner's characterization of the business impact as isolated angered Republicans at a House Energy and Commerce Committee hearing, who accused Tavenner of being out of touch with concerns among businesses. "It seems like you're living in some cocoon," said Representative Steve Scalise of Louisiana. Tavenner, a former nurse who is widely respected as a policy expert without partisan allegiances, replied that Obamacare's approaching implementation has come as good news for businesses that want to provide health coverage for their workers. "I've met with large employers in Georgia and Florida. I've met with small employers. I've been all across this country," Tavenner said. "I actually talked to over 1,000 small businesses in Miami a couple months ago, and what they're doing is, they're trying to learn about the law and see if they can make it work for them." Earlier this week, the White House also took aim at economic criticisms of healthcare reform by releasing data it said shows no evidence that the law has affected job growth, reduced worker hours or caused healthcare costs to skyrocket.
For the original version including any supplementary images or video, visit http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/01/net-us-usa-healthcare-tavenner-idUSBRE96U1F520130801?feedType=RSS
← Proposal A Proposed National Health Insurance Exchange Nhie Forms A Centerpiece Of The Obama Health Care Reform Proposal!
President Obama's 2010 Health Care Law In 2010, The Congress Passed The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Law! →


text:
Q: Pythonically compare indices of two arrays with permuted rows in numpy I have two identically-sized numpy ndarrays with permuted rows:
import numpy as np
a = np.ndarray([[1,2,3],
                [4,5,6],
                [7,8,9],
                [10,11,12]])
b = np.ndarray([[7,8,9],
                [10,11,12],
                [1,2,3],
                [4,5,6]])

I want a function that returns the indices of each row in first array, relative to the second array. For example:
compare_row_indices(a,b)

would return
[2,3,0,1] # 0-based indexing

What is the most pythonic way to implement this function?

A: Maybe not the best possible way, but this seems to work (breaking it down to multiple steps for easier visualization):
>>> cmp = a[:, None] == b
>>> cmp
array([[[False, False, False],
        [False, False, False],
        [ True,  True,  True],
        [False, False, False]],

       [[False, False, False],
        [False, False, False],
        [False, False, False],
        [ True,  True,  True]],

       [[ True,  True,  True],
        [False, False, False],
        [False, False, False],
        [False, False, False]],

       [[False, False, False],
        [ True,  True,  True],
        [False, False, False],
        [False, False, False]]])
>>> eq = np.all(cmp, axis=-1)
>>> eq
array([[False, False,  True, False],
       [False, False, False,  True],
       [ True, False, False, False],
       [False,  True, False, False]])
>>> np.argwhere(eq)
array([[0, 2],
       [1, 3],
       [2, 0],
       [3, 1]])
>>> np.argwhere(eq)[:, 1]
array([2, 3, 0, 1])


text:
Morriston Hotels
Hotels in Morriston, United Kingdom
Search & Compare Morriston Hotels
Map of Morriston hotels
Best hotels in Morriston
What's Morriston Like?
If you're looking to discover somewhere new, look no further than Morriston. Whether you're planning to stay for a night or for the week, the area around Morriston has accommodations to fit every need. Search for hotels in Morriston with Hotels.com by checking our online map. Our map displays the areas and neighborhoods around all Morriston hotels so you can see how close you are from landmarks and attractions, and then refine your search within the larger area. The best Morriston hotel deals are here with our lowest price guarantee.
Where are the Best Places to Stay in Morriston?
Below are the number of accommodations by star rating in Morriston and the surrounding area:
• 4 2-star accommodations from USD 39 per night
How to Get to Morriston
Flights to Morriston
• Swansea (SWS), 7.6 mi (12.2 km) from central Morriston
Things to See and Do in Morriston
Things to See near Morriston:
• Swansea Beach (4.4 mi/7.1 km from the city center)
• Oystermouth Castle (7.2 mi/11.5 km from the city center)
• Singleton Park (4.5 mi/7.2 km from the city center)
• Swansea University (4.7 mi/7.6 km from the city center)
• Aberavon Beach (7 mi/11.3 km from the city center)
Things to Do near Morriston:
• Dylan Thomas Centre (3.5 mi/5.7 km from the city center)
• Plantasia (3.4 mi/5.4 km from the city center)
• Swansea Market (3.6 mi/5.8 km from the city center)
• LC Swansea (3.7 mi/5.9 km from the city center)
• Grand Theatre (3.7 mi/5.9 km from the city center)
When Is the Best Time to Visit Morriston?
• Hottest months: August, July, September, June (average 68°F)
• Coldest months: January, December, February, March (average 37°F)
• Rainiest months: October, November, December, and January (average 0.12 inches of rainfall)


The biggest concerns for some 8-year-olds are cartoons and video games. Josie Droz' priorities are a bit bigger. KING 5 Evening's Eric Riddle spoke to the girl trying to make the world a better place. Sponsored by Kaiser Permanente - 12 Under 12.


Burger King has just unveiled it's new crispy, tender Chicken Tenders.
You can save on your purchase of the new BK Chicken Tenders when you visit the Tender 8 tab on Burger King's Facebook page. Let 8 of your Facebook friends know about the new BK Chicken Tenders using the Tender 8 app and you'll each get a free 8-piece Chicken Tenders when you buy one 8-piece Chicken Tenders Value Meal.
This giveaway is open to all US residents ages 18 and older and will end at 9 p.m. CST on Sunday, April 24, 2011. Only one entry per person allowed. The information I collect in this giveaway will only be used to contact you if you are a winner and will never be shared or sold.
I will randomly select 5 winners from all of the entries received. I will then notify the winners by e-mail and announce it here at Northern Cheapskate. The winners will have 48 hours to respond or I'll draw new ones.
Disclosure: Burger King gave me a $10 Burger King Crown Card to try the new Chicken Tenders and provided the prizes for this giveaway. Please read my full disclosure policy for more information.
Honey Mustard is my favorite dipping sauce and I like lots of it!


Everyday prayers to be set free!
Gracious Heavenly Father, cleanse me and set me free today by Your Holy Spirit, in the Mighty and Holy Name of Jesus Christ, I pray.
2. Abba Yahweh, I am not worthy to say Your Name in my mouth, but still You loved me, called me by name, saved me from sin and death through Your only begotten Son Christ Jesus.
3. I love You, confess all my iniquities and commit myself before you in Jesus Christ.
4. I cast away all evil and demons from my life, in the name of Christ Jesus.
5. I covenant myself to the blood of Jesus Christ. Therefore any contrary covenant in my life now breaks in the name of Christ Jesus.
6. I soak my blood with the blood of Christ Jesus.
7. Every generational curse working against me is nullified by the blood of Jesus Christ.
8. Every satanic manipulation of my destiny is terminated in the name of Christ Jesus.
9. Lord, deliver me wherever I need deliverance in Jesus Christ.
10. I commit all of my income and expenditures to be sealed by the blood of Christ Jesus.
11. I commit my health and life to be sealed by the precious blood of Jesus.
12. I commit my spouse, children, parents, brothers, sisters, friends, partners, neighbors and all living in my country into the nail-scarred hands of Jesus Christ.13. I commit the house where I live, the property, and all of my/our household things to be protected by the angels of our Lord Jesus.
13. I commit the house where I live, the property, and all of my/our household things to be protected by the angels of our Lord Jesus.
14. I commit our purposes, journeys, businesses and other activities for the glory of Jesus Christ.
15. Grant me and my beloved the power of healing by the stripes of Christ Jesus.
16. Every blessing God has purposed for me this year and in the coming years that I have not yet seen I possess NOW in the name of Jesus Christ.
17. Abba Father, I commit everyone whom I should remember in my prayers, all who have asked me to pray, and all of their prayer needs to You for Your kind answers in the mighty name of Christ Jesus.
18. Abba Yahweh, bless me and my generations indeed as You blessed Abraham, Isaac and Jacob; as You heard Jabez' prayer and blessed him; as You healed Hezekiah and added more years to his life. God enlarge my borders. Let Your Hand of Might be with me. Keep me from harm in Messiah Yeshua's name.
19. Heavenly Father, keep the Church, ministries, pastors, ministers, and all believers in Your Hand, that they be always guided by the Holy Spirit in the mighty name of Jesus Christ. Protect them from persecutions and show Your love and salvation to those who are persecuting Your Church and children.
20. Abba Yahweh, let Your peace shower upon Jerusalem and Israel in the name of Messiah Yeshua.
21. Abba Yahweh, bless all the people in this world. Bless our leaders, bless our nations, bless the entire globe that all would come to experience the salvation of Jesus Christ who alone was crucified on the cross for all our sins, and who died and rose from the dead to give us eternal life.
22. Heavenly Father, allow me not to be ashamed by unbelievers and scoffers. Help them and lead them into understanding and accepting Your eternal love.
23. God Almighty, bless all the angels, bless the seas, bless each and every star in the sky, all of the planets and satellites, bless the Milky Way and the whole universe with all of Your Creation that the entire universe be filled with your peace and glory in Christ Jesus!
24. Lord JESUS, give us hope that we will surely meet you on that Great and Wonderful Day and will be with You in Heaven as Your Bride forever and ever.
25. Lord, let Your will be done for me and all of these requests in the name of the FATHER and of the SON and of the HOLY SPIRIT. Amen!
Note: Feel free to print this out, pray every day , and share with your prayer partners.
Also please remember me, my family, the ministries of Bibles for Mideast, the Assembly of Loving God Church, its pastors, ministers and believers in your daily prayers.


text:
Sunset Cafe
Sunset Cafe..
Address: 315 E. 35th St.
Year Built: 1909, 1921, 1937
Architects: Alfred Schartz, Sobel & Drielsma
Date Designated a Chicago Landmark: September 9, 1998..
Now it's Ace hardware store..
It's city's earliest and most legendary jazz venues. it was originally built in 1909 as an ordinary automobile garage. In 1921, Edward Fox and Sam Rifas, remodeled the garage, and opened it as "Sunset Cafe". It was a white-owned black-and-tan cabaret. The cabaret was managed by Joe Glaser, who later became Louis Armstrong's manager. Soon Sunset Cafe became an important jazz venue. It featured famed musicians as Louis Armstrong, Cab Calloway, Johnny Dodds, and Earl "Fatha" Hines. Many promising young artists, including Bix Beiderbecke, Jimmy Dorsey, Benny Goodman, and Gene Krupa, got their start at late-night sessions here. It was remodeled again in 1937 and renamed as the Grand Terrace Cafe. It remained a popular night club until 1950. It later housed the office of the Second Ward Regular Democratic Organization and became a hardware store in the 1970s. It is one of nine structures in the Black Metropolis-Bronzeville Historic District.
The name of Sunset Cafe is closely associated with that of Louis Armstrong.. He was born in New Orleans and came to Chicago in 1922. Armstrong recorded his first record "Hot Fives" at Sunset Cafe..
Posted by Jyoti at 3/22/2010 04:12:00 AM
Cermak Road Bridge District
Sydney Kent House
Wood-Maxey-Boyd House
Ida B. Wells - Barnett House
Black Metropolis - Bronzeville Historic District -...
Black Metropolis - Bronzeville Historic District - I
Black Metropolis - Bronzeville Historic District - II
Overton Hygienic Building
Chicago Bee Building
Chicago Defender Building
Wabash Avenue YMCA
Unity Hall
Supreme Life Building
Eighth Regiment Armory
The Elks National Memorial
The Grand Reception Hall: Wall murals
The Grand Reception Hall : Ceiling Murals
The Grand Reception Hall: Hand Painted Glass Windows
The Elks National Memorial: Grand Reception Hall
The Elks National Memorial: Entry to the Grand Rec...
The Elks National Memorial: Rotunda Murals
The Elks National Memorial: Rotunda
The Elks National Memorial: Rotunda [sculptures b...
The Elks National Memorial: Air & Earth
The Elks National Memorial: Reclining Elks
The Elks National Memorial: "Fraternity" & "Patrio...
The Elks National Memorial: Freize


Squirrels are cute. Everyone agrees. If someone tells you that squirrels aren't cute, it's a test to see if you agree with them. If you do, you've failed the test and they will know you're a terrible person. Don't fail the test! Tell them that you also think squirrels are cute.
Take Five is a show where we pick a random one-word topic, suggested by our listeners, and discuss it for five minutes - no research allowed! It's the shortest podcast on Earth!
... Possibly. We didn't check. So if you like short things and people who have no idea what they're talking about, listen to Take Five! What have you got to lose? Well; except 0.0000001% of your life?
If you want to get in touch with the people behind the episode or talk to others who like it, feel free to join the CSICONauts chat room. Alternatively, you can find some of this episode's hosts and/or guests on Twitter: Anthony Hobday and Jack Marshall.


text:
Animal Law Update
Czech Republic Bans Cages for Hens
By Nicole Pallotta, Senior Policy Program Manager
1 Summary/intro
2 Caged Versus Cage-Free Housing Systems
3 Deceptive Labeling
4 Cage-Free Laws in the U.S.
Summary/intro
On November 13, 2020, the Czech Parliament approved a ban on the use of cages to confine hens used for their eggs or for breeding. 1
Following final approval by President Miloš Zemanh, the new law will become effective in 2027 after a 7-year phase-in period and affect approximately 4.5 million hens per year.
Michaela Šojdrová, a Czech Member of the European Parliament, wrote in a statement:
We strongly believe that all animals should be treated with respect to their natural needs. That is why we want to see hen cages banned as soon as possible across the whole of the EU. I warmly welcome the Czech government's commitment to press for this.
Šojdrová noted that in October 2020, End the Cage Age — a European Citizens' Initiative calling for a prohibition on all cages in animal agriculture — was signed by 1.4 million citizens from every EU member state and submitted to the European Commission. 2
Caged Versus Cage-Free Housing Systems
Cages for hens are also banned in Slovakia, Germany, Austria, and Luxembourg. 3 Czech policymakers and animal activists are now calling on the European Union (EU) to enact similar legislation.
The EU outlawed the keeping of hens in battery cages in 2012 after legislation passed in 1999 that had a 12-year transition period. However, "enriched" cages — also called furnished or colony cages — are still allowed. Enriched cages must provide hens with at least 750 cm² of cage area, a nest, perching space, litter to allow pecking and scratching, and unrestricted access to a feed trough. However, even in enriched cage systems, hens are overcrowded and prevented from engaging in natural behaviors, such as dust-bathing, foraging, proper nesting, and resting undisturbed. 4
Approximately half of the hens on commercial egg farms in the EU are currently kept in cage-free systems. In contrast, that percentage is about 25% in the U.S. 5
Consumers are often confused about the meaning of various housing systems — and their respective labels on egg cartons. It is important to note that "cage-free" does not mean the animals are treated well. Hens may still be housed in overcrowded conditions inside a barn or warehouse and never allowed to go outside.
As we noted in an earlier Animal Law Update regarding cage-free laws in the U.S.:
Under cage-free housing systems, hens are typically still kept in tightly crowded conditions, which causes psychological stress and physical danger from hen-on-hen violence and stampeding behavior, in which hens die in 'pileups.' Air quality in overcrowded barns is also poor. While 'free range' is defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture as requiring at least some access to outdoors, what that means in practice is variable. Outdoor access can be fulfilled, for example, by a tiny door leading to a small screen-enclosed porch with a roof and hard floors. It does not mean grass below or sky above — the likely scenario conjured in consumers' minds by the descriptor 'free range.'
. . . . No matter what the housing system, hens are killed when their egg production declines. They are also subject to cruel but standard factory farming practices such as debeaking — which involves partial removal of a hen's beak without anesthesia, and can cause acute and chronic pain. Debeaking is banned in some European countries but common practice in the U.S., and is done to mitigate injuries caused by close confinement.
Deceptive Labeling
Adding to confusion over egg labels, companies that exploit animals often engage in deceptive labeling to create the false notion that animals are kept in better conditions than they actually are. For example, egg cartons may display pictures of hens foraging on grass under sunshine, while in reality the hens who laid those eggs were never allowed outside and will never see the sky until, perhaps, the day they are loaded onto the transport truck that will take them to their slaughter.
One of the ways the Animal Legal Defense Fund fights to protect farmed animals is by holding companies accountable for using labels to deceive consumers who care about animals — rather than implementing actual changes that would improve conditions of farmed animals such that they reflect the image presented on labels.
For example, in 2018, the Animal Legal Defense Fund reached a settlement in a consumer protection lawsuit against Trader Joe's for selling cage-free eggs in cartons with imagery misrepresenting the conditions in which egg-laying hens are confined. In 2014, the Animal Legal Defense Fund settled a false-advertising lawsuit against Judy's Family Farm Organic Eggs for using imagery on packaging that led consumers to mistakenly believe the hens had significant outdoor access.
For more information about egg production practices and the meaning behind sometimes-confusing egg carton labels, see the Animal Legal Defense Fund's Egg Labeling Regulations Guide.
Cage-Free Laws in the U.S.
While "cage-free" systems are far from ideal and leave immense room for improvement, the removal of cages is a step forward given that cruel battery cages — where hens are forced to stand on painful wire flooring for their entire lives — are still the industry standard in the U.S.
Momentum has been building at the state level to ban the use of cages in animal agriculture. With Colorado most recently in July 2020, six U.S. states have enacted "cage-free" egg laws, which apply to both the production and in-state sale of eggs: California (effective 2022), Massachusetts (effective 2022) Oregon (effective 2024), Washington (effective 2024), Michigan (effective 2025), and Colorado (effective 2025). In 2019, the United State Supreme Court declined to hear lawsuits by a coalition of states seeking to strike down cage-free laws in California and Massachusetts.
Brown, Jennifer. "All Colorado eggs must be cage-free by 2025 under law passed to head off stricter ballot measure." Colorado Sun. July 1, 2020.
Šojdrova, Michaela. "Europe must follow Czechia in banning hen cages." EURACTIV. November 16, 2020.
End the Cage Age [European Citizens' Initiative]. European Commission.
The Lower House approved the ban in September, with the Upper House confirming it in November.
The European Commission is the executive branch of the EU and is responsible for proposing legislation.
Germany and Slovakia have committed to outlawing cages by 2025 and 2030, respectively.
For more information about caging practices and legislation in the EU, see the Eurogroup for Animals and Compassion in World Farming's report "End the Cage Age: why the EU Must Stop Caging Farm Animals."
Of that 25%, according to industry trade group United Egg Producers, which keeps statistics on egg production and consumption in the U.S., approximately 6% are organic (which requires cage-free housing) and 18% are from non-organic cage-free sources: https://unitedegg.com/facts-stats/
Wisconsin Roadside Zoo Owner and Manager Banned from Possessing and Working with Animals
The court's decision ensures Special Memories Zoo is permanently closed following Animal Legal Defense Fund lawsuit
Era of Exploiting Tigers Onstage Ends with Siegfried Fischbacher's Passing
For decades, Fischbacher, with his business partner Roy Horn, ran an infamous Las Vegas show that forced white tigers and lions to perform tricks in front of large audiences.
Bill Banning Private Possession of Big Cats Reintroduced in House of Representatives
Representatives Mike Quigley (D-IL) and Brian Fitzpatrick (R-PA) reintroduced the Big Cat Public Safety Act in the U.S. House of Representatives. The House of Representatives voted 272 to 114 to pass the same bill in December.


text:
Bionic suit helps paralyzed patients stand and walk again
by Deb Song, Rush University Medical Center
Credit: Rush University Medical Center
Patients undergoing physical rehabilitation at Rush for paralyzing injuries are being aided by a robotic suit designed to help raise people to full height and walk.
Rush is the only medical center in Chicago and one of only 98 facilities in the world offering the EksoGT robotic exoskeleton device for clinical therapy for both inpatients and outpatients.
"Being upright is an important aid to rehabilitation and eventual return to a better life for patients who have suffered spinal cord injuries, stroke and other traumatic brain injuries and are unable to walk," said Diane Genaze, director of physical therapy at Rush.
The EksoGT is a ready-to-wear, battery-powered bionic suit that is strapped over the user's clothing helping patients to stand upright and to walk.
It is powered by two high-capacity lithium batteries, which drive motors located in the hip and knee of the exoskeleton.
The patient provides the balance and proper body positioning, and the device allows patients to walk while a physical therapist uses the EksoGT's control pad to program the desired walking parameters.
The parameters include step length and speed as well as control of when the EksoGT stands, sits and takes a step. This allows the patient to initiate steps independently as they are able to balance more comfortably.
The therapist also has the ability to modify the EksoGT's walking progression as the patient improves with each clinical therapy session.
The EksoGT can be adjusted to fit most people between 5 feet 2 inches and 6 feet, 2 inches who weigh 220 pounds or less. The user must have arm function and adequate upper extremity strength to manage crutches or a walker. An experienced user can transfer to and from their wheelchair and put on or take off the EksoGT in less than five minutes.
The torso and leg straps are designed to enable the patient to easily get in and out of the device with minimal or no assistance. The learning curve is user specific.
After therapy with the exoskeleton device, individuals usually begin using a walker and then progress to using crutches.
Developed by Ekso Bionics, a technology company based in Richmond, California, the wearable robot was named a Top 10 invention by CNN and one of the best inventions by Time magazine.
"This technology is a great addition to our physical therapy and rehabilitation program," said Dr. Sheila Dugan, acting chief of Rush's division of physical medicine and rehabilitation. "We provide patients with a multidisciplinary team of experts in the field of neurorecovery."
"We also conduct research and provide education with the aim of improving the quality of life for patients in our region," Dugan said.
Using ultrasound to help people walk again
Provided by Rush University Medical Center
Citation: Bionic suit helps paralyzed patients stand and walk again (2018, April 25) retrieved 18 July 2019 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-04-bionic-paralyzed-patients.html
Exoskeletons are new tool for spinal, stroke patients
Wearable robot can help patients walk again
ReWalk receives FDA approval, clearing the way for US sales
Loose RNA molecules rejuvenate skin, researchers discover
New drug to remove blood-thinning medication post-surgery step closer
Common antidepressants interact with opioid med to lessen pain relief
Surgery to straighten a deviated septum improves quality of life
Patients of surgeons with unprofessional behavior more likely to suffer complications
Common conditions keep many patients out of knee cartilage research studies


Experience majestic scenery and stunning wildlife, including Hector's dolphins, blue penguins and birdlife, on a narrated 2-hour Akaroa Harbour cruise. Ride a spacious luxury catamaran with prime views of the harbor's sea caves and volcanic cliffs. Your skipper stops at a salmon farm in Lucas Bay and takes you past a New Zealand fur seal colony at Seal Bay.
This Akaroa shore excursion takes you sightseeing in Christchurch via a scenic drive through the Banks Peninsula. See the Christchurch Botanic Gardens and other city highlights before a visit to the International Antarctic Centre, Christchurch's top attraction. Feel arctic winds at the Snow and Ice Experience and observe New Zealand wildlife at the Penguin Encounter. Finish with an all-terrain adventure on a thrilling ride by amphibious Hagglund vehicle.
When your cruise ship docks in Akaroa, take a shore excursion to Christchurch for a sightseeing tour, followed by an adrenaline-charged jet-boat ride on the Waimak River. Escorted by a knowledgeable guide, you'll combine a drive through the Banks Peninsula with the city landmarks of Christchurch and an exhilarating jet-boat ride. Round-trip port transport is included.
This two-hour tour is ideal for cruise passengers wanting to make the most of limited time in Akaroa. Your air-conditioned coach will pick you up from the Akaroa Wharf and take you to some of the town's highlights. Travel through Takamatua, Robinson's Bay, Davauchelles, and Barry's Bay, and up to the Hill Top Tavern, for panoramic views. Enjoy cheese tasting and the chance to shop for wine and food.
Pre-booking round-trip transport between Akaroa Wharf and Christchurch saves you time and hassle, with the maximum time to spend in the city. Make the trip in the comfort of a climate-controlled coach, then step off the shuttle at the Canterbury Museum, within easy walking distance of some of Christchurch's top destinations. Enjoy the flexibility to explore on your own: shop, stroll through the Christchurch Botanic Gardens, or catch a ride on one of the restored hop-on, hop-off trams that loop through the city before returning to Akaroa Wharf.
Spend your shore excursion in Akaroa on a 2-hour nature cruise around Akaroa Harbour. Your professional skipper points out abundant wildlife that may include Hector's dolphins — the world's rarest and smallest dolphins — New Zealand fur seals, blue penguins and yellow-eyed penguins. You'll motor past volcanic cliffs and remote sea caves by luxury catamaran en route to Seal Bay and a salmon farm in Lucas Bay.
Spend your time in port in Akaroa on a small-group shore excursion, sea kayaking around the harbor. Bask in the scenery of remote bays and inlets, and catch a glimpse of local marine life, including penguins, orcas, and endangered Hector's dolphins. You'll paddle for three hours with a guide through the basin of an extinct volcano and stop for a snack and swim at a coastal beach. This tour departs within walking distance of the cruise port.