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Chapter 2: Electromagnetic Radiation Radiant Energy I
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1 Chapter 2: Electromagnetic Radiation Radiant Energy I Goals of Period 2 Section 2.1: To introduce electromagnetic radiation Section 2.2: To discuss the wave model of radiant energy Section 2.3: To describe the electromagnetic spectrum Section 2.4: To discuss the quantum model of radiant energy 2.1 Introduction to Radiant Energy Electromagnetic radiation, which is the basis of this period, is one form of radiant energy. Visible light is an example of electromagnetic radiation. In Physics 103 you learned that a moving charge (an electric current) is surrounded by a magnetic field. A change in this magnetic field generates an electric field. We called this electromagnetic induction. Changing electric fields are always accompanied by a changing magnetic field and vice versa. These changing fields allow a changing current in a wire or a moving charge to produce electromagnetic radiation, which is a source of energy. The electromagnetic radiation moves outward from the source as long as the energy that causes the charge to move is present. Figure 2.1 illustrates waves of electromagnetic radiation. Figure 2.1 Electromagnetic Radiation Wave You have already seen that the electric field associated with electromagnetic radiation exerts a force on a charge. This fact is used in many devices. Almost every day we experience an example in antennas used for radio, telephone, or television. As we will discuss in Period 3, electrons in a broadcasting antenna are made to move with some frequency. Frequency describes how often something repeats a cycle. In this case, the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation being broadcast is the same as the frequency that describes how often the electrons in the broadcasting antenna vibrate per second. The electric field of the broadcast electromagnetic radiation exerts a force on the charges in the receiving antenna, causing those electrons to move with the same frequency. In other words, the current in one antenna induces a current in the other antenna, even though the antennas may be miles apart. 15
2 As discussed above, the electrons in the receiving antenna move, so they must experience a force that produces the motion. Thus we know that energy is transferred from the broadcasting antenna to the receiving antenna. In order to be transferred, this energy must be associated with the electromagnetic radiation. We will use the term radiant energy to refer only to energy associated with and transferred by electromagnetic radiation. The radiant energy from the broadcasting antenna does not reach the receiving antenna instantaneously. Rather, it travels at a finite, although very fast, speed. The distances in the classroom are too small to be able to measure this effect, but you may have noticed it if you have listened to communications between people on the earth and on the space shuttle or to a live news broadcast from overseas. The speed at which radiant energy travels depends on the medium that it is passing through, but in a vacuum it is about 3 x 10 8 meters per second, or 186,000 miles per second. This speed is true for all frequencies of radiant energy. This constant speed, usually referred to as the speed of light, is given the symbol c, that appears in Einstein's famous equation E = m c 2, which we will study later this quarter. 2.2 The Wave Model of Radiant Energy One of the ways to transfer energy without the transfer of mass is to produce a wave. A wave can be a pulse, as in the pulse of sound made by clapping your hands together. Another example of a pulse is a tsunami, a tidal wave of energy that travels many miles over an ocean. But many waves are generated by a cyclic vibration of some given frequency. This type of wave is referred to as a sine wave. Sine waves are used to describe many features of radiant energy. We will use the term electromagnetic wave to refer to a model that describes radiant energy in terms of sine waves. In Section 2.4 we will discuss the quantum model of radiant energy. Figure 2.2 illustrates sine waves. Figure 2.2 Sine Waves Displacement Wave Crest Midpoint Distance Wave trough In the case of a sine wave, we associate a wavelength with a given frequency. The wavelength is the distance between two adjacent crests of a wave or two adjacent troughs of a wave. All sine waves, regardless of the frequency of the wave, obey the relationship 16
3 where s = f L (Equation 2.1) s = speed at which radiant energy travels (meters/sec or feet/sec) f = frequency (cycles/sec, or Hertz) L = wavelength (in meters or feet) A wave also has an amplitude, which is the maximum height or displacement of the crest of the wave shown in Figure 2.3 above or below its midpoint. Figure 2.3 Wavelength and Amplitude Displacement Wave Length Wave Length Amplitude Distance The crest of the longer wavelength of the two waves shown in Figure 2.2 travels past a given point less frequently during a specified period of time than the crest of the shorter wavelength wave. Therefore, the longer wavelength wave has the lower frequency and the shorter wavelength wave has the higher frequency, as shown in Figure 2.3. The horizontal axis of Figure 2.4 is the time measured at any given point on the horizontal axis of Figure 2.3. Figure 2.4 Wave Frequency and Period Displacement Wave Period Wave Period Amplitude Time Lower Frequency Wave Higher Frequency Wave The time that it takes for a wave to go through one complete cycle is called the period of the wave. The shorter the period, the more cycles the wave completes in a 17
4 given amount of time, and thus the higher its frequency. This can be expressed by the relation given by Equation 2.2. frequency = 1/ period (Equation 2.2) Since the period of a wave is expressed in seconds, the frequency of the wave is expressed in 1/seconds, to which we assign the name Hertz (Hz). All electromagnetic radiation, regardless of its source, is characterized by a frequency associated with the source and with the radiation. The wave model can describe electromagnetic radiation as sine waves of a given wavelength and frequency. Regardless of their wavelength and frequency, all waves of electromagnetic radiation travel at the same speed in a vacuum, 3 x 10 8 meters per second, the speed of light. However, light travels at different speeds in different materials. When light enters a transparent material, the speed of the wave changes and the light beam is refracted, or bent, as shown in Figure 2.5 Figure 2.5 Refracted Light Air Water The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a material is called the index of refraction. The index of refraction is a measure of the amount that a light beam is bent as it passes from one medium to another medium. Equation 2.3 expresses the index of refraction as a ratio. Because an index of refraction is the ratio of two quantities of the same kind, there are no units associated with an index of refraction. n = speed of light in a vacuum speed of light in material (Equation 2.3) The speed of light in a vacuum is always 3 x 10 8 m/s. A beam of white light is made up of light with many frequencies. The speed of each frequency of light is different when it travels through a medium. Thus, red light bends (refracts) less than blue light. When calculating the index of refraction using Equation 2.3, it is the average speed of the light in the material that is used. Table 2.1 gives the average indices of refraction for some common materials. 18
5 Table 2.1 Average Indices of Refraction Medium Index of Refraction Medium Index of Refraction Vacuum Glass 1.52 Air Plexiglas 1.51 Diamond 2.42 Water 1.33 (Example 2.1) Light travels in a diamond at a speed of 1.24 x 10 8 meters/second. What is the index of refraction of light in a diamond? n = speed of light in vacuum speed of light in diamond = 3 x x 10 m/s 8 m/s = 2.42 As discussed earlier, electromagnetic waves are unique in that they can travel through a vacuum, and all do so with the same speed (3 x 10 8 m/s). Other types of waves, such as sound waves, must travel through a medium such as air or water. Sound waves travel at varying speeds, for example at 343 m/s in dry air at room temperature and at 1,440 m/s in water. The amount that light is refracted depends on the frequency of the light wave. When light passes through a prism, the waves with the highest frequency are refracted more than waves of lower frequency. This difference in refraction separates the light into a rainbow of colors. Figure 2.6 A Prism Refracts Light White light Prism Red (n=1.515) Yellow (n=1.517) Violet (n=1.525) The difference between the speed of red light and violet light is greatest for materials with the largest index of refraction. For this reason, a well-cut diamond is very effective in breaking light up into colors. The best cut for this purpose is known as a brilliant cut. 2.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum All electromagnetic waves are the same, though they may differ in wavelength and frequency. The electromagnetic spectrum can be divided into regions according to 19
6 wavelength or frequency. These regions are named radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays. The classifications of some regions of the spectrum are identified by the way that the waves interact with matter. For example, because the typical human eye can see over a certain range of wavelengths, we call that region visible light. Names of other regions of the spectrum are historical. When X-rays were discovered, they were called X-rays because it was not yet known that they were electromagnetic radiation. Next we discuss properties of the various regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, starting with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies. Radio Waves The longest wavelength region of the spectrum is radio waves. They have wavelengths longer than a meter and frequencies lower than about 1 x 10 8 Hertz. (Radio wave frequencies are often given in megahertz or kilohertz. A megahertz is abbreviated MHz, and is equal to 1 x 10 6 Hz. A kilohertz is abbreviated khz, and is equal to 1 x 10 3 Hz.) Microwaves The next region is the microwave region of the spectrum. Microwaves have wavelengths of a meter to a few millimeters, and frequencies from about 1 x 10 8 to 1 x Hz. You have probably used microwave ovens. Some garage door openers use microwaves. You may also have seen microwave relay stations used by the telephone company for transmission of information over long distances. A small scale microwave generator and receiver will be demonstrated in the classroom. Infrared Radiation The region of the spectrum with wavelengths from several millimeters down to about 7 x 10 7 meters (and frequencies from 1 x to 4.3 x Hz) is called the infrared region. The fact that radiant energy is present in this region of the spectrum can be illustrated by using a radiometer. We find that the radiometer vanes rotate when exposed to infrared radiation. Another type of device for detecting radiation in the infrared is the photoelectric infrared imaging device. The sniper scope, a particular example of this type of device, will be demonstrated in class. Television remote controls use radiation in this frequency range. The nerves of our skin are sensitive to some of the infrared portion of the spectrum. Visible Light Visible light ranges in wavelength from 4 x 10 7 meters (violet light) to 7 x 10 7 meters (red light). Our eyes do not respond to wavelengths outside this small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Within this region, our eyes respond to different wavelengths as different colors. In class, we will use prisms and diffraction gratings to separate white light into the colors of the visible spectrum. Ultraviolet Radiation Wavelengths of ultraviolet radiation extend from the short wavelength end of the visible spectrum (4 x 10 7 meters) to wavelengths as small as 1 x 10 9 meters. The 20
7 frequencies range from 7 x Hz to about 3 x Hz. Ultraviolet radiation can induce fluorescence and can cause tanning in human skin. X rays Even shorter wavelengths (down to about 1 x meters) are the X-ray region. Frequencies in this region extend from 3 x Hz to about 3 x Hz. X-rays have a number of industrial and medical uses, which are associated with the ability of X- rays to penetrate matter. X-rays pass through flesh but are absorbed by bone; thus, X- ray photographs can show bone structure and assist the medical profession in diagnosis. Gamma Rays Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths shorter than about 1 x meters and frequencies above 3 x Hz are called gamma rays. They may be produced by nuclear reactions and will be discussed further in the period on nuclear energy. 2.4 The Quantum Model of Radiant Energy While many properties of radiant energy are explained by the electromagnetic wave model, some are not. These properties can be explained by a different model, called the quantum model. This model treats radiant energy as being composed of small packets of energy called photons, or quanta. As radiant energy interacts with matter, it absorbs or deposits energy in amounts that are integer multiples of this photon energy. The photon energy can be related to frequency or wavelength by the relation shown in Equation 2.4. where E = h f = (h c)/l (Equation 2.4) E = energy of a photon (joules) h = is a proportionality constant = 6.63 x joule sec f = frequency (Hertz) c = speed of the radiant energy = 3 x 10 8 meters/sec in a vacuum L = wavelength (meters). From these equations, the higher the frequency or the shorter the wavelength, the higher the energy of the photon. The fact that two different models are needed to describe electromagnetic radiation has bothered people for a long time. It is an indication that we still do not have a full understanding of this phenomenon. (Example 2.2) What is the wavelength of a photon with an energy of 5 x J? h c E = L = L h c E = 34 ( 6.63 x 10 J s) x (3 x 10 m/s) 6 = 4.0 x x 10 J 8 21 m
8 Concept Check 2.1 a) What is the wavelength of radiant energy with a frequency of 2 x 10 9 Hz? b) How much energy does each photon of this radiant energy have? Table 2.2 shows the relationship between the wavelength, frequency, and photon energy for radiant energy. Table 2.2: The Electromagnetic Spectrum Wavelength (m) 3 x 10 4 m 3 m 3 x 10 4 m 3 x 10 8 m 3 x m In Infrared Ultraviolet Gamma rays Radio waves X rays Microwaves Visible light Frequency (Hz) Type of Radiant Energy Wavelength Range (meters) Frequency Range (Hertz) Photon Energy Range (joules) Radio waves longer than a meter below about 1 x 10 8 Hz below about 6.6 x J Microwaves a meter down to a few millimeters about 1 x 10 8 Hz to 1 x Hz about 6.6 x J to 6.6 x J Infrared a few millimeters to 7 x 10 7 meters about 1 x Hz to 4.3 x Hz about 6.6 x J to 2.8 x J Visible light 7 x 10 7 meters to 4 x 10 7 meters about 4.3 x Hz to 7.5 x Hz about 2.8 x J to 5 x J Ultraviolet 4 x 10 7 meters to about 1 x 10 9 meters about 7 x Hz to 3 x Hz about 4.6 x J to 2 x J X rays 1 x 10 9 meters to about 1 x meters about 3 x Hz to 3 x Hz about 2 x J to 2 x J Gamma rays shorter than about 1 x meters above about 3 x Hz above about to 2 x J 22
9 Period 2 Summary 2.1: Electrons moving with some frequency produce electromagnetic radiation, or radiant energy. This energy is associated with an electromagnetic field. Radiant energy of any frequency travels in a vacuum at 3 x 10 8 meters per second, or 186,000 miles per second. This constant is known as the speed of light and is given the symbol c. 2.2: Radiant energy can be thought of as a wave with a wavelength and frequency. The speed of a wave = frequency x wavelength: s = f L As light passes from one medium to another it is refracted, or bent. Light travels at 3.0 x 10 8 m/s in a vacuum, but travels at different speeds in materials such as in water or glass. The ratio of these speeds is the index of refraction, n, of the material. n = speed of light in a vacuum speed of light in a material 2.3: The electromagnetic spectrum can be divided into types of radiant energy based on the wavelength or frequency of the radiation: radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet light, X rays, and gamma rays. 2.4: An explanation of electromagnetic radiation also requires the quantum model, which treats radiant energy as consisting of small packets of energy called photons. Photon energy is related to frequency or wavelength by the relation: E = h f = (h c)/l Period 2 Exercises E.1 Each of the following travels, in a vacuum, at the speed of light except a) radio waves b) sound waves c) X-rays d) infrared rays e) All of the above travel at the speed of light. 23
10 E.2 Which of the following does NOT make use of wave motion? a) A bowling ball strikes a bowling pin. b) A radio plays music transmitted from a radio station. c) A microwave oven heats a slice of pizza. d) Jane is reading by the light of an incandescent lamp. e) A tennis ball floating on the river bobs up and down as a boat passes by. E.3 Estimate the wavelength of a 1500 Hz sound wave. What would be the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave of the same frequency? a) 0.23 m; 5 x 10-6 m b) 0.23 m; 2 x 10 5 m c) 4.4 m; 5 x 10-6 m d) 4.4 m; 2 x 10 5 m e) 8.8 m; 6.2 x 10 5 m E.4 The index of refraction of a piece of glass is 1.5. What is the speed of the photons of light in this glass? a) 2 x 10 8 m/s b) 3 x 10 8 m/s c) 4.5 x 10 8 m/s d) The speed depends on the period of the electromagnetic wave. e) The speed depends on the frequency of the wave. E.5 Which of the following sequences has the various regions of the electromagnetic spectrum arranged in order in increasing wavelength? a) infrared, visual, ultraviolet, gamma ray b) radio, infrared, ultraviolet c) ultraviolet, visual, microwave, radio d) X-ray, visual, microwave, infrared e) gamma ray, X-ray, microwave, visual E.6 In a vacuum, microwaves travel waves of visible light. a) faster than b) slower than c) at the same speed as 24
11 E.7 Which of the following statements about the microwaves used in microwave ovens is not correct? a) Microwaves are electromagnetic radiation. b) Microwaves are the same wavelength as waves used in radio broadcasting. c) Microwaves have wavelengths longer than those of visible light. d) Microwaves heat food by the conversion of radiant energy into thermal energy. e) All of the statements are correct. E.8 How many photons of wavelength 6 x 10 5 meters are required to produce electromagnetic radiation with 3.32 x joules of energy? a) 1 x 10 6 photons b) 1 x 10 3 photons c) 1 x 10 6 photons d) 5 x 10 6 photons e) 1 x photons Period 2 Review Questions R.1 What is the source of radiant energy? R.2 How are the forms of radiant energy associated with the electromagnetic spectrum similar? How do they differ? R.3 Give an example of each of the forms of radiant energy. R.4 How can you find the energy of a photon of radiant energy? R.5 Compare the speed of sound to the speed of light in air. What is the ratio of the speed of sound to the speed of light? 25
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4 Hot Places To Get A Tech Job In 2016
August 23, 2016, In: Tech
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that computer and information technology jobs will grow by 12 percent between 2014 and 2024, a rate that's faster than the national average for job growth. Many of these new jobs will be outside traditional tech hubs such as Silicon Valley and San Francisco. You'll find these jobs in booming new markets like the four below.
New York City: Big Apple Booming
New York City has long been regarded as the hub of America's finance, fashion, and media industries. However, its tech industry may be one of its best-kept secrets. Michael Bloomberg implemented business incentives to lure tech firms to New York City after the financial crisis. Today, New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio continues to support the initiatives.
Those initiatives seem to be working, with the technology job market in New York City growing by about 40 percent since 2008, a rate which exceeds growth in Silicon Valley. If working in digital media or ecommerce appeals to you, start searching for apartments for rent in NYC.
Charleston: South Carolina's Home of Technology
Charleston, South Carolina, is best known as a tourist hub, but its tech industry is outpacing every other city in the United States. Charleston employs more IT professionals than Austin, Texas, or Raleigh, North Carolina. The City's tech economy is growing 26 percent faster than the U.S. average.
"You could count the number of technology-focused companies that were around on two hands back in 2004," Grier Allen, CEO and co-founder of real estate software company BoomTown, commented at Charleston's third annual DIG SOUTH event. "Today, we have hundreds of companies ranging from your one-person, two-person startups looking for that angel round, all the way up to the Google and Boeing, which is expanding its technology arm here in Charleston. It's an exciting time to be part of Charleston's knowledge economy."
According to experts, an influx of creative young minds are settling in the city and driving this growth. Between 2000 and 2012, the millennial population grew by a staggering 58 percent. Local initiatives, such as the Charleston Digital Corridor and SC Launch, help support the entrepreneurial efforts of these young people.
London: British Capital on the Rise
Few cities around the world can boast the tech growth seen in London. Technology services companies increased by 200 percent between 2014 and 2015, while the wireless and telecommunications sector enjoyed healthy growth of 70 percent over the same period.
Entrepreneurship is encouraged, with the European Digital City Index ranking London the best city in Europe for supporting startups and scaleups. These fledgling firms can take advantage of more than 36 local business accelerators and more than 70 co-working spaces.
If you're interested in financial technology, you may want to start searching for a London apartment now. The city has more people employed in this tech specialty than any place on the planet. Other opportunities in tech will be available, too. Oxford Economics expects 46,000 new digital jobs will be created in London over the next 10 years.
Da Nang: Vietnam's Hottest Tech Center
Fifteen years ago, Vietnam had few tech firms. However, rapid tech growth in cities such as coastal Da Nang has changed the country's complexion. LogiGear President Hung Q. Nguyen is one of the city's leading figures. He studied in the United States and settled in Silicon Valley before returning home when Vietnam's tech industry took off. He opened research and design facilities in Ho Chi Minh City in the mid-2000s, but moved most of its operations to Da Nang in 2014, enticed by its modern infrastructure and keen, capable workforce. Da Nang also received IBM's Smarter Cities Challenge Grant in 2012.
If you move to Da Nang, you might consider basing yourself near Da Nang Hi-Tech Park, one of several tech hubs established as part of Vietnam's 2020 IT Master Plan. This tech park houses the offices and factories of international IT and software firms, infrastructure plants, and hardware makers.
Hot new markets like these examples mean you don't have to live in California to pursue an IT career. With many options, you can easily find a place to call home that suits your lifestyle and love of tech.
Buying Your First Motorbike
How To Optimize Your Email Marketing Campaign

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


XCG's professional staff holds various positions in a wide-range of industry-related societies. Throughout each year, the staff at XCG will participate in technical conferences and association events which demonstrate their experience and knowledge of environmental engineering issues. This is one of the more important ways that we ensure staff growth through professional development. We proudly congratulate all staff who put in the effort to prepare and present their papers.


of Monmouth County, New Jersey, fits a stereotype of the traditional American memory painter. In 1947, after fifty-five years of service on his hundred-acre farm, toilthat gave him no spare time, Gulick retired. Of Dutch lineage, his roots are also deeply American: no members of his family arrived in America after the AmericanRevolutionary War. The Puritan ethic of hard work and busy hands was a strong influence on Gulick, and he could not cope with leisure time. When his son gave himan artist's paint box, the seventy-five-year-old Gulick took on the challenge and began to paint on odd pieces of cardboard, using his paints frugally and tentatively. "Itis better," he said, "than rocking and rocking and blowing away." Within two years the Newark Museum acquired one of his paintings for its permanent collection.The subjects Gulick chose were those he knew and loved best: his own historic farmhouse, the fields and farms around him, and the houses of his friends andneighbors. Gulick instinctively set things in the past, as they had looked to him in his youth. He preferred to paint onsite, but by no means did he feel obliged to recordthings literally; he tailored a scene to suit himself, snipping, cutting, and revamping to his taste.Gulick was devoted to his home, his family, his country, and his God. His minister said that even though he was the most aged of the church elders, he was wise butyoung at heart, always willing "to take a risk." One of the rare departures from Gulick's usual bucolic themes is the stark and uninhabited interior of his own church.Health permitting, he painted daily until the time of his death, leaving a legacy of more than 160 paintings. Although Gulick said that he hated to be called a primitive painter "because it makes me feel like a savage," he would have been pleased that he was acknowledged by respected American art historian William H.Gerdts as "thestate's leading self-taught primitive painter." Gulick said that people are like tops, and some are wound up for a longer spin. His "spin" lasted for ninety-two years.One-man exhibitions of Gulick's work were held at Seton Hall University (1964) and the Montclair Art Museum (1974).
The Folklore and Folklife of New Jersey.
New Brunswick, N.J., 1983.Rosenak, Chuck, and Jan Rosenak.


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Bassist - Framed
SKU: Framed
Vendor: Okaybabs
Product Type: Framed Art
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The more you view his art work the more you discover new aspects to it which lends itself to the phrase "The more you look the more you see". It is impossible to get enough of his work because they emit fresh appeal each time viewed. No doubt, this is because a lot went into the creation of the art piece even though they may appear simple on first looks.
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The Higher Judicial Council opened today the new building of That Al-Salasil Courthouse belonging to the Karkh Federal Appeal Court.
A statement issued by the Higher Judicial Council mentioned that the Head of the council, the Judge Faiq Zaidan, opened the new building today, with attendance of the Head of Public Prosecution Mowafaq Al-Ubaidi and the Head of Judicial Supervision the Judge Jasim Aboud.
Zaidan expressed his gratitude to all who participated in erecting the new building, the statement concluded.


Led by Miss Susan, the "Can-Do" Kids have been a part of the ASD family since 2000. Every year, students in grades 5 -8 have the ability to join the drama club. Singing, dancing, and acting only scratch the surface of the skills and values our Can-Do Kids learn on their seven month journey. The culminating musical performance occurs in the Spring (March or April) for three glorious nights. Past shows have included, Grease, Beauty and the Beast, We encourage all to join regardless of their talent level. Miss Susan always says, "there are no small parts, only small actors and actresses." With practices every Tuesday, and some Sundays, the Drama Club has become a staple here at ASD.
For the past three years Paul Effman Music has helped us create the ASD Band. This is their fourth year working with the students. The the instructors allow the children to explore numerous instruments. Starting with the violin, students have the ability to progress to playing the flute, trumpet, clarinet, and some others! The program is extremely successful here at ASD. Students practice once a week after school. It is so great to watch the stuents who have been in it since it started grow as junior musicians. We cannot wait for the recital in June!
This marks our first year participating with the Chess at Three program. Grades Kindergarten - 4 showed sunch interest, there are two offerings a week! Learning how to play exercises the mind and aids even the youngest children in critical thinking.
The Brickz 4 Kiz program is offered to students in Grades Kindergarten - 4. Very popular here at ASD, there are various sessions held throughout the year once a week where students learn, build,and play, with Lego bricks. Its a multi-sensory aprroach to building where children have fun in the process. It allows children to use their imagination in a dynamic learning experience. This after school program engages students as they explore new ways of building models and making discoveries about their own abilities.


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Comcast and Tribeca Display Confidence
Comcast CEO Brian Roberts remains confident in his company's ability to compete with growing digital corporation Netflix, according to the Wall Street Journal. Last week, Netflix announced a deal to air content from CBS' library. Roberts reportedly has no qualms over the deal and is happy that the value of content is increasing. Last month, Comcast finalized its multi-billion dollar merger with NBC Universal, but the FCC prevented it from having managerial control of Hulu despite NBC Universal having part-ownership.
Tribeca Film will commercially release 26 movies in 2011, which is more than twice the number it released last year. Variety reports that it has just acquired nine new films to distribute on multiple platforms, including VOD. Launched in March 2010, the young label is under Tribeca Enterprises, parent organization of the Tribeca Film Festival. This year's films span genres and will include stars such as Vincent Gallo and Zoe Kravitz. Fourteen more titles are set to be added. Digital platforms, such as VOD and Netflix, will continue to appeal to independent film and TV networks that wish to quickly reach a wide audience.
Pictured: Brian Roberts (Photo: Getty Images)
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publicity still
Vera Miles (born 1929) is an American actress.
She moved to Los Angeles in 1950 and appeared in a number of minor television and film roles before coming to the attention of director Alfred Hitchcock when she played the role of the traumatised wife in "Revenge", one of the early episodes filmed for the first season of Alfred Hitchcock Presents. Hitchcock was so impressed with Miles that the episode replaced "Breakdown" as the début episode of the series.[1]
By 1957, Miles had signed a five-year contract with Hitchcock, starred alongside Henry Fonda in The Wrong Man (1956) and was preparing to play to the lead role of Madeleine Elster in Vertigo (1958) opposite James Stewart. A series of delays postponed the film moving into production and, according to producer Herbert Coleman, when Hitchcock was rushed to hospital in March 1957 with gallstones and the new start date became June, she telephoned to Coleman to say she would be too pregnant by then to play the role.[2]
Although her pregnancy became the official reason for Miles being replaced by Kim Novak, author Dan Auiler has claimed that both Hitchcock and Stewart had expressed reservations about her ability to play the role as early as November 1956 and that Novak was being seriously considered as an alternative.[3]
Despite remaining under contract, Miles only worked with Hitchcock on one other project — playing the role of Lila Crane in Psycho (1960), which required her to wear a wig as she recently shaved her hair for the film Five Branded Women (1960).[4] As a coda, Miles appeared as the screaming woman in the shower in the trailer for the film.
Her acting career continued in film and television until her retirement in 1995 and, in the 1980s, she reprised the role of Lila Crane in Psycho II (1983), directed by Richard Franklin.
With Hitchcock...
The Wrong Man (1956) — cast: Rose Balestrero
Psycho (1960) — cast: Lila Crane
Alfred Hitchcock Presents - Revenge (02/Oct/1955) — cast: Elsa Spann
The Alfred Hitchcock Hour - Don't Look Behind You (27/Sep/1962) — cast: Daphne
The Alfred Hitchcock Hour - Death Scene (08/Mar/1965) — cast: Nicky Revere
Startime...
Startime - Incident at a Corner (05/Apr/1960) — cast: Jean Medwick
Other works...
Psycho II (1983) — cast: Lila Loomis
Film Frames
Selection of film frames: Vera Miles (click image to view larger version or refresh thumbnails)...
Images from the Hitchcock Gallery (click to view larger versions or search for all relevant images)...
born Vera June Ralston on 23/Aug/1929 in Boise City, Oklahoma
1948 to actor/stuntman Bob Miles — divorced 1954
1954 to actor Gordon Scott — divorced 1959
1960 to actor Keith Larsen — divorced 1971
Notes & References
↑ Alfred Hitchcock: A Life in Darkness and Light (2003) by Patrick McGilligan, chapter 13.
↑ The Man Who Knew Hitchcock: A Hollywood Memoir (2007) by Herbert Coleman, chapter on Vertigo.
↑ Vertigo: The Making of a Hitchcock Classic (1998) by Dan Auiler, pages 20-23. Hitchcock watched a screening of The Eddy Duchin Story, starring Novak and Tyrone Power, on October 25th 1956.
↑ AHMP, chapter 6 ("Casting").
born 23/Aug/1929 Boise City, Oklahoma, USA
Retrieved from 'http://the.hitchcock.zone/w/index.php?title=Vera_Miles&oldid=192041'
Still alive!
Surviving film collaborators
Born in Oklahoma, USA


To book, please login on this page to see the booking form below. The cost is £5 per person, and your place will only be reserved once payment had been received. The deadline for bookings (and payment) is Saturday 8th July, although spaces may well have sold out before then!


Kern County Employees' Retirement Association, Bakersfield, Calif., made full redemptions from hedge funds managed by Carlson Capital Management and Menta Capital as part of an effort to reduce the number of hedge fund managers on the pension fund's roster.
The $4.2 billion pension fund redeemed from Black Diamond Relative Value Fund, a long/short equity hedge fund managed by Carlson Capital, and Menta Global Offshore, a quantitative equity market-neutral hedge fund. Kern County Employees had about $18 million invested in each fund, Chief Investment Officer Daryn Miller said in a telephone interview. The redemptions are due to redundant strategies and lower levels of conviction as the pension fund works toward reducing its hedge fund manager lineup to 10 firms from 15, Mr. Miller said.
Separately, the pension fund reallocated its $65 million investment in the PIMCO Commodity Alpha Fund, managed by Pacific Investment Management Co., to its hedge fund asset class from its commodities asset class. The fund invests primarily in market-neutral, relative-value commodity strategies.
Within the commodities asset class, the pension fund then added $45 million and $20 million, respectively, to long-only commodities managers Wellington Management and Gresham Capital Management, giving them respective totals of $100 million and $70 million.
The targets for commodities and hedge funds are 10% and 4%, respectively, and their actual allocations are at their targets, Mr. Miller said.
General investment consultant Verus Advisory and hedge fund consultant Albourne Partners assisted.


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Teaching adults and children can be a rewarding career as you see the effects in your pupils' daily lives. But often many teachers don't see interesting opportunities in their own province as there can be a ton of competition, so they choose to look further afield. Often many teachers choose to teach overseas. This can gain them valuable work experience so they can come back to their home country to find a well-paying teaching career.
China is a country full of history and culture. There is plenty to interest the teacher, all while teaching students at the best schools. Contracts begin with one school year and can last for up to two years, with a chance to continue beyond that.
Once you've decided that you want to travel to China and teach for a year or two, you'll need to sort through opportunities to choose your city and school. The International Teachers Plus website is a great start. This site lists teaching vacancies throughout the world, including China.
Why Should I Choose Partners in Learning and Teaching?
We have over twenty years of experience. Our team members also have an extensive combined teaching experience. Our company possesses the knowledge and experience of placing suitable teachers with the right schools and organizations.
Our company consists of Recruitment Consultants in Canada that can assist you in finding teaching opportunities across our vast network. We have a solid understanding of the issues with teaching in China, and aim for honest communication.
Click on the link that says "View Teaching Vacancies". Scroll down the list to find opportunities in China, then click on any that stand out. You'll be presented with a list of requirements, and the salary and benefits that you will receive. You may click on the Apply Now button to get started.
When applying for a teaching position in China you'll be required to submit paperwork on your academic degrees, certificates, transcripts, and personal certificates. You'll also be required to produce a proven teaching record, and references from past jobs. You'll also be notified if there are any other requirements that the job opening needs.
After you have applied for a position on our website, we'll read through your detailed profile. We ensure that there are realistic expectations between candidates and clients. We shortlist candidates to be interviewed for the position.
We continue providing professional support right through the entire process, and until you have completed your contract. If there are any conflicts, we provide a mediation process to get it sorted.
Each of our teachers has found that teaching in China has been a rewarding experience.
Visit Our Site and Choose Your Teaching Position Now!
If you're ready for change in your life, head to our website to view our available teaching opportunities in China. If you see any that look interesting to you, please go ahead and sign up! Soon you could be on your way to a teaching career in China!


- 70% of your time will be managing financial company, other accounts include recruitment, currency exchanges and energy organisations. Any experience of managing a financial house would be advantageous.
- Experience of direct campaigns, some digital and some TV exposure with a focus on direct / offline campaigns experience.
- Can demonstrate experience of content creation concepts, consumer insights, branding and campaign implementation as well as digital and social direct response campaign experience.
- Willing, as part of their role, to travel to service our range of clients, this may include weekly trips to London.


The Eagles have not defeated, or covered the US sportsbook spread against, the Philadelphia Eagles since September 9th, 2014. Additionally, Philly has not beaten Washington on the road since September 9th, 2013. About the only certainty for the Eagles against the Skins is that the total will go over. Will this status quo finally change when these two teams collide on Sunday? If it does, and if it doesn't too, it will be by a very close margin.
The Eagles finished the 2016 season with a 12-8 record against the spread, mostly on the strength of a 7-0 ATS start. However, the failed to cover in six of their last seven road games (all of which they lost), and are 0-5 ATS in their last five meetings with the Redskins and 1-4 ATS in their last five visits to Washington. That being said, Philly is a one-point favorite against the Skins. A single point isn't so farfetched, and the Eagles have added Alshon Jeffery and Torrey Smith to starting quarterback Carson Wentz's receiving corps. These three are still fairly new to each other but, on paper, they should combine for a lively attack, provided, of course, that the O-Line can help Wentz remain vertical. Unfortunately for him, it might as well been called the No-Line; Wentz was sacked nine times and the Eagles scored only one touchdown in two meetings with the Redskins in 2016. But that's where Lane Johnson comes in. the Skins sacked Wentz five times in Johnson's first game out of a 10-game suspension, which was precisely the first against Washington. LJ can make a big difference on Sunday toward Philly covering.
Other than Philly losing and failing to cover the spread, the total going over has been the common denominator between these two teams. More specifically, it has gone over in four of their last six encounters – including the two from last season. Additionally, the total has gone over in four of the Eagles' last six overall games and in six of their last seven on the road. Meanwhile, the total has gone over in 17 of the Redskins' last 21 games overall as well as in eight of their last 10 at home. So why wouldn't it be any different this time? Both teams seemed to be stacked on defense. Philadelphia lost nose tackle Bennie Logan but acquired defensive tackle Timmy Jernigan while the Skins have outside linebacker Ryan Kerrigan – who has 9 sacks and 5 forced fumbles in 10 games versus the Eagles – and cornerback Josh Norman. The total being tied for fourth highest for Week 1, it's difficult to picture offense trumping defense sufficiently for these teams to combine to go over.
All things considered, it would be easy to play it safe and assume there will be no change in the current order of things. Then again, we can never rule out a paradigm shift, which would coincide, as many expect, with Wentz having a breakout season.


text:
<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Canvas test: toDataURL.png.primarycolours</title>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="/html/canvas/resources/canvas-tests.css">

toDataURL.png.primarycolours

toDataURL with PNG handles simple colours correctly

Actual output:

<canvas id="c" class="output" width="100" height="50">
FAIL (fallback content)
</canvas>

Expected output:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Realistic evaluation emphasizes the importance of exploring the mechanisms through which organizational interventions are effected. A well-known mechanism in organizational interventions is the screening process. Standardized questionnaires, in popular use, neither consider individuals' appraisals of working conditions nor the specific context of the workplace. Screening with items tailored to intervention contexts may overcome the limitations of standardized questionnaires. In the present study, we evaluate an approach to develop a tailored questionnaire to measure employees' appraisals of their specific working conditions. First, we interviewed 56 employees and 17 managers and, later, developed tailored items focused on the working conditions in a postal service. In follow-up interviews, we explore participants' experiences with the tailored questionnaire, including the development of initiatives, compared to their previous experiences with the company´s annual attitude survey that used standardized scales. Results indicated that participants felt the tailored questionnaire highlighted issues that had previously been ignored, that initiatives were easier to develop due to its specificity, and that the feedback strategy was useful in prioritizing questionnaires. Overall, it can be concluded that tailored questionnaires may be appropriate for use in organizational intervention research and more broadly that evaluations of organizational interventions need to be contextually grounded.


text:
Florida Sen. Marco Rubio's house besieged by "Stop The Steal" protesters
Dozens of Donald Trump supporters staged a peaceful protest in front of Senator Marco Rubio's West Miami estate. One of the demands of the protesters is the refusal to accept the election results in favor of Joe Biden.
The protest erupted after the announcement by the Republican group to convene an emergency committee to national audit all the ballots and search for massive fraud.
"We ask Sen. Rick Scott and Sen. Marco Rubio to listen to the people. You work for us," said Proud Boys chairman and Miami resident Enrique Tarrio. "If [Rubio] doesn't not listen to us, he will pay. He will pay at the ballot box. If it wasn't for us, none of [the senators] would have their seats right now."
Every day there is more and more direct evidence that the US Democratic nominee won by dishonest means.
One of the latest pieces of evidence was a video of a polling station worker passing the same ballots through a voting machine five times.
Image: yotube screen grab


text:
Silo duplex är en nattsländeart som beskrevs av Hagen 1964. Silo duplex ingår i släktet Silo och familjen grusrörsnattsländor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Grusrörsnattsländor
duplex

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
<?php

namespace Redtrine\Tests\Structure;

use Redtrine\Redtrine;
use Redtrine\Structure\Set;
use Redtrine\Tests\RedtrineTestCase;

class SetTest extends RedtrineTestCase
{
    /**
     * @var Set
     */
    protected $set;

    protected function setUp()
    {
        parent::setUp();
        $this->set = $this->redtrine->create('Set', 'theNameOfTheSet');
        $this->set->removeAll();
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider getElements
     */
    public function testAdd($element)
    {
        $this->set->add($element);
        $this->assertTrue($this->set->contains($element));

        // Test with an array of elements.
        $elements = $this->getRandomElements();
        $this->set->removeAll();
        $this->set->add($elements);

        $this->assertCount(count($elements), $this->set);

    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider getElements
     */
    public function testRemove($element)
    {
        $this->set->add($element);
        $this->assertTrue($this->set->contains($element));

        $this->set->remove($element);
        $this->assertFalse($this->set->contains($element));
    }

    public function testExists()
    {
        $elements = $this->getRandomElements();
        foreach ($elements as $element) {
            $this->set->add($element);
            $this->assertTrue($this->set->contains($element));
        }

        foreach ($elements as $element) {
            $this->assertTrue($this->set->exists($element));
        }

        foreach ($elements as $element) {
            $this->set->remove($element);
            $this->assertFalse($this->set->exists($element));
        }
    }

    public function testElements()
    {
        $elements = $this->getRandomElements();

        foreach ($elements as $element) {
            $this->set->add($element);
            $this->assertTrue($this->set->contains($element));
        }

        $setElements = array_values($this->set->elements());
        sort($setElements);

        $elements = array_values(array_unique($elements));
        sort($elements);

        $this->assertEquals($setElements, $elements);

        return $elements;
    }

    public function testLenght()
    {
        $this->assertEquals(0, $this->set->length());
        $elements = $this->testElements();

        $this->assertEquals(count($elements), $this->set->length());
    }

    public function testUnion()
    {
        $a = $this->redtrine->create('Set', 'setA');
        $a->add(array(1, 2, 3, 4));
        $b = $this->redtrine->create('Set', 'setB');
        $b->add(array(3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8));

        $this->assertEquals($a->union($b), array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8));
    }

    public function testUnionStore()
    {
        $a = $this->redtrine->create('Set', 'setA');
        $a->add(array(1, 2, 3, 4));
        $b = $this->redtrine->create('Set', 'setB');
        $b->add(array(3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8));

        $destination = 'setDestination';
        $total = $a->unionStore($destination, $b);
        $this->assertEquals(8 , $total);

        $c = $this->redtrine->create('Set', $destination);

        $this->assertEquals($c->elements(), array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8));
    }

    public function testIterator()
    {
        $elements = $this->testElements();
        foreach ($this->set as $element) {
            $this->assertContains($element, $elements);
        }
    }

    public function getElements()
    {
        $result = array();
        foreach ($this->getRandomElements() as $element) {
            $result[] = array($element);
        }

        return $result;
    }

    public function getRandomElements()
    {
        $result = array();
        $total = 20;
        for ($i = 0; $i < $total; $i++) {
            $result[] = md5(uniqid(rand(), true));
        }

        return $result;
    }
}


Our number one priority at Roomful Express Furniture is to build customer loyalty and earn repeat business. We, therefore, regularly look at every point of contact a customer might have with our organization and evaluate ways we can make it better, easier, or more valuable for our customers.
The economics of running a retail business in a non-growth region requires us to find new ways of servicing and exciting our existing customer base.
This task is as important for the operations side of our business as it is for sales and marketing. After a sale has been completed and the delivery made, there are additional opportunities to create or lose customer loyalty. Such is the case when the customer calls us and requests service on their furniture.
The Same Day Service Program is the newest customer loyalty-building program at Roomful Express Furniture. When customers who need service contact our call center, we offer them the option of having a craftsman come to their home THAT DAY, at no cost to them. Although it seems counter intuitive, this program actually provides an operational cost savings while boosting customer satisfaction! Even with the additional service expense, this program has generated a cost savings to the company by providing a 20% reduction in exchanges.
Dan Bolger, in his September 2007 article "Delivery Survey 2007", published in FURNITURE WORLD Magazine, stated that, "An exchange costs five times the original delivery cost and frequently exceeds the margin on any given order. Returns and cancellations can devastate your bottom line because you lose the sales revenue but incur logistics costs for the initial delivery, return costs and the wrath of the unhappy customer who looks elsewhere. In the worst case scenario, the product is damaged along the way and has to be scrapped." We completely agree with this statement.
Most importantly, this program has had a measurable positive impact on customer satisfaction and loyalty. However, getting to this position wasn't easy. The company had to change its way of thinking about service, costs, and operations. We also had to educate our customers about the value they would be gaining by utilizing our crafting services.
Before the Same Day Service Program was instituted, when a customer called in to report, for example, a split sofa seam, our customer support representatives would have an exchange delivered to the customer's home within 3 or 4 days. This addressed the fact that customers didn't want to wait the week it took to have a technician come out to fix their problem. The exchange was faster, but turned out to be a more costly option.
For that reason, we insisted that our service company provide us with service that was no more than 48 hours out in our core business area. That challenge eventually led to our Same Day Service Program.
As part of the new program, we found that we needed to address a frequent objection expressed by customers whose new furniture needed service. Many felt that they wanted new furniture, not "used" furniture that had been repaired.
Customers needed to be convinced that they would actually be getting more value out of the service call then they would from an exchange. Therefore, in-house customer service representatives were taught that service team members are professionally trained, furniture builders and craftsmen, with years of experience. These craftsmen do not repair furniture. They "deluxe", "correct", and "upgrade" furniture. They add value to the furniture. They are able to make the furniture "better than new".
This repackaging of repair people as craftspeople was not merely verbal sleight of hand. Our service company put on a detailed presentation of their skills for the team. Broken and damaged furniture was put on display, and some of our representatives inflicted even more damage. They were shown the tools and materials they use to restore furniture. They then spoke about the different scenarios they run into at our customers' homes. This visual presentation did more to change our representatives' opinions about service than anything else. At the end of the presentation they truly believed the "deluxed" furniture looked better than new! They were now ready to convey that information to our customers with confidence.
There are two key reasons why customers ask us for an exchange to begin with. First, furniture that we receive from our suppliers is shipped at "industry standard" and is deemed "commercially acceptable for resale". Unfortunately, many of our customers expect furniture that is much more than "commercially acceptable for resale". This often leads to a request for an exchange.
Second, the showroom experience is much different from what our customers' see in their homes. The quality of lighting and accessories, the size of the display area, and arrangement of the furniture can skew their perception of what to expect from purchased furniture. During the delivery, or soon after, customers may find fault with delivered furniture because it doesn't quite look, work, or feel the same as it did in the showroom environment. This also leads to the request for an exchange.
A craftsman can solve both of these issues. At Roomful Express Furniture we call it "deluxing". Our craftsman can take a manufactured furniture piece and make it look or work a little bit better than it did right from the assembly line. Key selling point: an experienced craftsman can often add value to your furniture and make it "better than new".
We found that many companies have decided against the idea of same day service because they only looked at the initial cost of the service order without fully analyzing the true cost of exchanging furniture. Yes, it costs more to send a craftsman out on a same day service call, however, the true cost of a product exchange is much higher than we originally thought. The new program also creates a good deal of customer goodwill by resolving the problem that day and saving their time.
In our company the only person involved in completing the service call is the craftsman. Yet, as stated by Dan Bolger in his article there are many more "logistical costs" that come from reworking exchanged furniture.
Our initial evaluation of same day service cost vs. exchange cost showed that processing an exchange costs much more than completing a same day service call.
Our company measures both the number of exchanges and their retail dollar value. After 2 months of being on this program our same month (2007 vs. 2008) exchange number decreased by 20%. Knowing the actual reduction in exchanges is important, but even more crucial is the cost savings.
There are other benefits as well. For instance, fewer exchanges result in lower fuel surcharges billed by our delivery company. First time service completion rates are up, and with fewer returns coming into our distribution center, productivity is much higher.
Most importantly, our customers are happier. The customer satisfaction scores show that. The same day service program has become one of the most important "after sale" loyalty building tools we have used.
Mike Bowman began working with Roomful Express Furniture (owned by R.H. Kuhn Company) in 2004 as Customer Support Manager. In 2007 Mike was promoted to Director of Customer Support overseeing the call center / customer support offices, repair, and delivery operations of Roomful Express Furniture and Home Store East (Ashley Home Store).
In his current position with R.H. Kuhn Company Mike focuses on business initiatives that build customer loyalty, including programs that measure and control delivery effectiveness, first time answer rates, first time repair completion rates, and the quality of customer interactions. Recently, he managed the startup of the company's same day repair service operation, mystery caller program, and the training and development of representatives, craftsmen and delivery personnel to create positive customer experiences.


Plainridge Racecourse is a harness horse racing track in Plainville, Massachusetts. A relatively new racing establishment, Plainridge was officially opened on 17 March 1999. Offering racegoers excellent facilities both for live racing and simulcast racing, Plainridge Racecourse has a calendar full of exciting events.
Plainridge Racecourse has an impressive track measuring in at 5/8 mile with a homestretch of 600' and breadth of 80'. Some 102 race programs are hosted at Plainridge every season between April and November. Amongst these popular harness races, both trotting and pacing, are the Bill Doyle Memorial, Mike McCusker, Whitey Kropa Memorial, Hank Fenno Memorial, Bert Beckwith Memorial, Baystate, Art Attack and New England Classic, to mention a few. A number of excellent records have been set at Plainridge, which has hosted some of the greatest names in harness racing. Marced Card set the record for pacing as a 2 year old colt in 2004 and in 2005 as a 3 year old. Admiral's Valet holds the fastest time for the 1 ¼ mile pacing race. Trotting champion filly, Penny Dream set the record as a 2 year old in 2005 and as a 3 year old in 2006.
Plainridge Racecourse has exceptional facilities including a grandstand capacity of 3,000 and clubhouse capacity of 1,000. Two high-tech simulcast theaters enable around 344 racegoers to view a variety of racing from around the country on large 80" television screens. Every seat also has a 13" color television and good lighting. The "21 Club" is Massachusetts number one simulcast venue, providing only the best in convenience and comfort. In the room you will find granite top carrels, leather chairs, 15" LCD televisions and a large screen HD plasma television mounted on the wall. New to Plainridge Racecourse are 8 VIP rooms, providing all the necessary privacy. The rooms can take up to 20 people and all contain self-service betting stations. Patrons can satisfy their hunger at one of the two restaurants at Plainridge.
Harness racing fans will certainly find Plainridge Racecourse a brilliant venue, offering a world-class experience.


Can I Get A Reissue?!
Everything Old is…Still Old, They Just Sound Better An unheralded reason for the decline in CD sales is people are no longer replacing vinyl. While some music is still finding its way to digital media, we'll also help you decide if you should replace the CDs you already have.
Glastonbury Thinkfilms With the summer festival season in full swing, why not take a look at one of the most famous and long-running get togethers of them all?
Metallica vs. Megadeth – album for album. This battle has taken place in my head many, many times through the years, and now it gets put to paper.
Fender Electracoustic Series Guitar After seven years of the status quo, Fender have redesigned their Electracoustic Series.