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Universal Basic Income is in the news. Charles Murray wrote a thoughtful piece in the Wall Street Journal Saturday Review. The Swiss overwhelmingly rejected a referendum -- but on a proposal quite different from Murray's.
Murray proposes that "every American citizen age 21 and older would get" $10,000 per year "deposited electronically into a bank account in monthly installments." along with essentially a $3,000 per year health insurance voucher.
The most important part of Murray's proposal: UBI completely replaces
Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, food stamps, Supplemental Security Income, housing subsidies, welfare for single women and every other kind of welfare and social-services program, as well as agricultural subsidies and corporate welfare.
There is a lot to commend this idea. First, it would reduce the dramatic waste in the current system:
Under my UBI plan, the entire bureaucratic apparatus of government social workers would disappear
Moreover, the bulk of government spending now does not go to people who are really poor. SSI and medicare go to old people, many of whom are quite well off. Housing subsidies such as the mortgage interest deduction go to people with big mortgages and big tax rates -- nor poor people. Murray doesn't really emphasize this point, but his proposal is far more progressive than the current transfer system.
Second, it would reduce the very high disincentives of the current system, which traps people.
Under the current system, taking a job makes you ineligible for many welfare benefits or makes them subject to extremely high marginal tax rates. Under my version of the UBI, taking a job is pure profit with no downside until you reach $30,000—at which point you're bringing home way too much ($40,000 net) to be deterred from work by the imposition of a surtax.
If I read Murray correctly, he takes away $3,500 of the benefit between $30,000 and $60,000, which is an 11.6% surtax. That applies on top of the Federal 25% marginal rate, 16% payroll tax, state income and payroll taxes and so forth. So not zero, but it is a lot less disincentive than many current programs.
Both considerations place the proposal not in the "perfect world" category, but "how can we do what we're trying to do now a lot more effectively." So, evaluate it as such.
The biggest problem in the argument is the biggest selling point: We trade a check -- even much more than $10,000 -- for complete elimination of everything else.
A UBI will do the good things I claim only if it replaces all other transfer payments and the bureaucracies that oversee them. If the guaranteed income is an add-on to the existing system, it will be as destructive as its critics fear.
There are a lot of these "big trades" on the table, and there should be more. A big carbon tax, in return for complete elimination of all the regulatory nudges and crony energy related subsidies. A VAT in return for complete elimination of income, corporate, estate, and other taxes. Lots of infrastructure money in return for elimination of Davis-Bacon, endless legal challenges EPA reviews, and other regulations, strict cost-benefit analysis rather than subsidized anachronisms, and so on.
In all these much simpler cases, the deal doesn't get off the ground. Will the "right" allow a big enough carbon tax? Will the "left" really get rid of their subsidies? Will the "right" really allow a large enough VAT? Will the "left" really not just pile all the other taxes back on top? Making these deals is hard enough even when both sides admit the deal would be good.
That case is going to be even harder here. The "left" has not even thought about the deal, let alone agreed in principle with only trust issues remaining! The Swiss referendum [sad aside on media: it was really hard to find the actual text!] made no mention at all of a swap -- it was pure basic income on top of other social programs.
Programs will remain tempting, because a flat basic income is not close to the "perfect world" social insurance system, or even common sense. We want to give more help to people who need more help. That lets us be more generous to those who do need help, and contains moral hazard that people who don't really need help should be working and paying taxes to supply help. Social security goes to old people, because old people objectively are less able to work. Disability goes to disabled people, because it's harder for them to work as well. Unemployment insurance goes to people who just lost jobs, we know they are more likely to have suffered a bad shock. Insurance payments go to people whose houses have burned down.
These social insurance programs are indeed ineffective, bureaucratically bloated, and do a terrible job of picking who really needs help from who doesn't. But UBI takes a pretty extreme view that the project is completely hopeless, and the Government should do no conditioning at all, other than reported income:
Government agencies are the worst of all mechanisms for dealing with human needs. They are necessarily bound by rules applied uniformly to people who have the same problems on paper but who will respond differently to different forms of help.
Well, ok, but the call of the better world will be hard to resist, and the "left" has far from accepted that bureaucracies are "the worst" mechanism for sorting the needy from the less needy.
There will still be unfortunate people, they will still need help, and our electorate will still demand programs to help them. Disability: Ok, it's grown out of control, but some people really are disabled. You're only going to give them $10,000 and turn your back? What about the guy who takes his check, blows it all on a weekend of meth and beer, and now is lying in the gutter, his children homeless?
Some people will still behave irresponsibly and be in need before that deposit arrives, but the UBI will radically change the social framework within which they seek help: Everybody will know that everybody else has an income stream. It will be possible to say to the irresponsible what can't be said now: "We won't let you starve before you get your next deposit, but it's time for you to get your act together. Don't try to tell us you're helpless, because we know you aren't."
He goes on to extol the virtues of private charities. I don't think our electorate is ready to completely forswear all bureaucratic help. And the vine grows back.
Eliminating housing subsidies? Agricultural subsidies? "Corporate welfare?" These are all great ideas on their own. If we could do that, our economy would be in a lot better shape than it is.
A bit of paternalism is pretty ingrained in social policies, and it isn't necessarily a bad thing. I'm happier paying taxes to support food, clothes and school for the kids, and basic housing than I am to subsidize a beer and meth weekend. Murray already gives in, by restricting the first $3,000 to a health insurance voucher. If he's going to get rid of social security, he should restrict the next $1,000 to a forced savings plan. If we're going to get rid of all housing programs (a great idea) the next $2,000 is a rent/mortgage voucher.
Some paternalism is justified as a pre-commitment. We know if they blow the money, we'll enact social programs to help them after the fact.
There is a deeper problem -- and I have a constructive solution.
In fact, Americans use far fewer benefits than they are eligible for. Many programs have 2% take up rates. Lots of people eligible for medicare, Obamacare subsidies, disability food stamps, welfare, home heating subsidies, and so on and so on all the way down to Palo Alto's income-based parking permit system don't take advantage of the benefits. If each American took advantage of every subsidy and social program to which he or she is entitled, the country would be bankrupt in about 10 minutes.
Why not? Well filling out the forms is a pain. And, more importantly, most people really do use social programs for a limited time. Call it a stubborn independence ethic or some remaining shame to taking assistance, it's there. For now. I fear that welfare states fall apart when the social stigma of taking the money fades.
For now, both act to limit moral hazard. If it takes a few hours and trips down to an unpleasant bureaucracy to get help, then only people who really need it are likely to ask. If there is some remaining social stigma to getting help, then only people who really need it are likely to ask -- and likely to get out as fast as possible.
Before I get howls of comments on how heartless this view is, remember the objective -- money is limited, we want to use it to help people who really need it, and if we can do something to keep out people who don't, we can be a lot more generous to those who do. If we impose some cost on people to get help, we get them to reveal who really needs it, and we can help them a lot more.
So, my major suggestion -- please, don't automatically send the check to every American the minute they turn 21! Don't send it to my kids! At least, make people go down to a dull and dirty office, stand in line, fill out a long form, and repeat once a year.
Murray limits the benefit once you get to $30,000 per year, introducing a surtax above that level. I've been mulling over a different way to limit benefits and thereby make them more generous: Limit by time, not by income. You can have an additional (say) $10,000 per year, for 5 years, at any point in your life. Most people using social programs do in fact use them to get out of trouble and back on track. Let's make that the expectation. This is not permanent income support, this is help to get out of trouble. That lets us be more generous, without blowing the budget, and without inducing as large a marginal tax rate to working.
Murray has a lot of speculation on how society will adapt to $10,000 per year check and NO other social programs.
the entire bureaucratic apparatus of government social workers would disappear, but Americans would still possess their historic sympathy and social concern. And the wealth in private hands would be greater than ever before. It is no pipe dream to imagine the restoration, on an unprecedented scale, of a great American tradition of voluntary efforts to meet human needs.
Trust private charity, with an ever-larger share of income in plutocratic hands? I don't see Bernie Sanders supporters signing on to the deal on that basis.
The known presence of an income stream would transform a wide range of social and personal interactions. The unemployed guy living with his girlfriend will be told that he has to start paying part of the rent or move out, changing the dynamics of their relationship for the better. The guy who does have a low-income job can think about marriage differently if his new family's income will be at least $35,000 a year instead of just his own earned $15,000.
Or consider the unemployed young man who fathers a child.
Maybe. Maybe not. We do have some experience with corners of societies that live off government checks. We have more experience with places where lots of people don't work. Welfare neighborhoods in the 70s to mid-90s. Europeans living on the dole. Molenbeek. Saudi Arabia. By and large, places where most people live on government checks or large numbers don't work are not happy places.
One can also speculate in contrary ways. Labor markets are more and more regulated and restricted. Well, if people can all get $10,000 from the government, why fight for lower minimum wages for entry level workers, looser occupational restrictions, and so forth?
Murray also confuses the issue, and substantially weakens the case, I think, by wandering off into a soliloquy on once robots do everything there won't be any more jobs.
We are approaching a labor market in which entire trades and professions will be mere shadows of what they once were... the jobs (now numbering 4 million) that taxi drivers and truck drivers will lose when driverless vehicles take over... Advances in 3-D printing and "contour craft" technology will put at risk the jobs of many of the 14 million people now employed in production and construction...The list goes on, and it also includes millions of white-collar jobs formerly thought to be safe..
... as many as 47% of American jobs are at risk...it will need to be possible, within a few decades, for a life well lived in the U.S. not to involve a job as traditionally defined.
I think this is wrong. Murray acknowledges
I'm familiar with the retort: People have been worried about technology destroying jobs since the Luddites, and they have always been wrong.
Indeed they have. The invention of the tractor was way worse than the invention of the self-driving car for the jobs of about 70% of Americans and about 99% of everybody else at the turn of the 20th century -- farm labor. Murray writes
It takes a better imagination than mine to come up with new blue-collar occupations that will replace more than a fraction of the jobs..
It's a good thing that every time in the past we did not rely on policy writers' imaginations to come up with occupations for people. I think the answer is pretty clear: services. When robots make everything for us, then people make money supplying services to each other.
But I don't have to be right either. The deeper problem with this line of argument, common on the left, is how utterly hopeless it is, and how it contradicts Murray's case.
Hopeless: Really? Your vision for the future is that 47% of working-age Americans will be living on a $10,000 per year check from the government, doing nothing? $10,000 is not a lot of money, barely sustaining a life on the margins in pockets of poor rural america. It buys a used trailer and a six pack of beer in a place with little hope.
We can do better than that! And we can. We're talking about a several decade shift in the labor force here. If services are the answer, we need to fix schools and other barriers that keep people from getting the skills needed to earn money in the service economy. We need to fix labor markets to make it easier to hire people in flexible ways and help them to develop skills on the job.
Contradictory: Murray's numbers work out (I think, I haven't checked, but it seems plausible) in today's America. But if half our labor force, and all our retired or non-working people, are living off a government check, the cost would explode past what the country could possibly support with any level of taxation.
So set this apart, recognize that adapting to automation will require getting people skills not sending them checks. And that is going to mean keeping the price system alive. It has to be crystal clear that computer programming pays more than goof off majors.
Bottom line, most of the Murray's social changes and adaptation to robot workforce is, I think, a mistake and a distraction.
A Big Deal -- along with the others -- remains attractive: Substantial cash grants and vouchers in place of many current programs -- could offer substantially more help to people who need it, with far fewer distortions. In place of middle class subsidies -- housing, college, etc. -- and corporate subsidies even better. But let's not pretend it will cure social ills, or save us from confronting labor market distortions.
Posted by John H. Cochrane at 5:42 PM
Labels: Commentary, Cronyism, Economists, Inequality, Politics and economics, Unemployment
Mace June 7, 2016 at 6:02 PM
So won't we have entire political campaigns/parties devoted to raising the UBI significantly above inflation?
Zack June 7, 2016 at 6:45 PM
I can already picture the calls for a "Living UBI."
Pro life if you will
Nina Karnaukh June 7, 2016 at 6:42 PM
This seems to be the full text https://www.parlament.ch/it/ratsbetrieb/suche-curia-vista/legislaturrueckblick?AffairId=20140058 of the Swiss initiative, chronology here https://www.parlament.ch/it/ratsbetrieb/suche-curia-vista/geschaeft?AffairId=20140058 (this certainly does not mean I know Italian, but a bit of German helps).
Brian June 7, 2016 at 6:52 PM
Not a comment on UBI, but I believe that your farm/tractor analogy is less than apt because the replacement for those farm jobs did not require an education: move to an urban center and work in a factory.
That scenario no longer applies; you cannot leave a service industry or manufacturing job that has been automated out of existence and expect to provide the new, "needed" service that will keep you gainfully employed. Especially, teaching.
I agree that a multi-decade transition is required, but it is getting from A to B that is worrisome.
Mike McGrane June 7, 2016 at 9:31 PM
I can already see an advantage to this for macroeconomic stabilization purposes. Index the UBI to the CPI (or the PCE price index). If the central bank adopts a price level target, it would be easy to communicate the PLT to the public, which currently seems to be an obstacle to adopting a PLT. Individuals can form expectations based on expected UBI at date t+i, which is indexed to the PLT.
Dick King June 8, 2016 at 8:47 AM
A big problem with indexing either the UBI or the minimum wage is that it cause a vicious cycle.
indexed minimum wage --> prices of low-skill-labor-intensive goods --> minimum wage
indexed UBI --> reserve price of low-skilled labor --> prices of low-skill-labor-intensive goods --> UBI
-dk
Fat Man June 7, 2016 at 11:30 PM
Implementing UBI to cure the social pathologies created by the welfare state is sort of like taking cyanide to cure your cancer. If you take enough cyanide, you won't be suffering from cancer anymore, but ...
I think he most effective policy combination would be to completely legalize and deregulate drugs while implementing UBI. Within 5 years, the OD deaths will eliminate unemployment.
Stephen Stillwell June 8, 2016 at 2:22 AM
Restricting thought to a single state solution for a basic income is a disservice to mankind, and counterproductive to world peace and stability.
A structure to provide a global basic income to every adult human on the planet could be created and maintained for the same cost, or less, as a single state program.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Tralfamadoran777
Junaid Shahid June 8, 2016 at 7:25 AM
http://pkcod.blogspot.com/
Manfred the mamooth June 8, 2016 at 8:49 AM
The latest print issue of the The Economist (from June 4) has a 4-page "Briefing" on the same topic, and a related editorial as well.
One point on the Swiss referendum: my understanding is that the proposal in front of voters was *an addition* to the current welfare programs already in existence in Switzerland. Murray's proposal is a substitution.
Fat Man June 8, 2016 at 9:41 PM
http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21699910-arguments-state-stipend-payable-all-citizens-are-being-heard-more-widely-sighing
Stephen Williamson June 8, 2016 at 4:19 PM
What if no one will sell you health insurance for $3,000 per year?
Andrew_M_Garland June 8, 2016 at 8:01 PM
I have a similar idea in another area.
Bankrobbers cause a deadweight loss in hiring guards and enforcing protections. That loss is probably greater than the money now stolen. I propose that all bankrobbers be given a $10K support distribution in exchange for their agreement to stop robbing banks.
It might be too easy for a person to claim that they were a bankrobber and get an undeserved benefit. So, always make these people go down to a dull and dirty office, stand in line, fill out a long form, and repeat this once a year. People who were not bankrobbers will find this somewhat demeaning, and it will limit the amount of undeserved handouts.
OK, this is a sloppy analogy. Poor people inspire more sympathy than bankrobbers. But, other parts of the analogy organize this argument.
The current welfare system did not come about through mistakes. Politicians have put it together step by step to buy votes and hire multitudes of welfare bureaucrats. Bootleggers and Baptists are always with us. Politicians (bootleggers) benefit themselves under the cover of a moral purpose supported by the Baptists.
=== ===
Cochrane above: [Why don't people apply for all the benefits now available?] Well filling out the forms is a pain. And, more importantly, most people really do use social programs for a limited time. Call it a stubborn independence ethic or some remaining shame to taking assistance, it's there. For now. I fear that welfare states fall apart when the social stigma of taking the money fades.
The best way to take the shame out of assistance is to make it universal, automatic, just for filling out a form. It is a mystery that more people are not applying for welfare. The bureaucracy must be so convoluted and incompetent that many poor people doubt that they would complete the paper requirements.
The big flaw with attempting to trade simple, automatic assistance for dismantling the current labrinth is that there is no one reliable to bargain with. Five years after making the grand bargain with current politicians, future ones will reassemble the current mess step by step under the same incentives which motivate current policies.
The only answer to a bad system is to dismantle it in principle, not to make it temporarily more efficient.
http://reason.com/blog/2016/04/18/milton-friedman-helped-invent-income-tax
Milton Friedman: "I have no apologies for it, but I really wish we hadn't found it necessary and I wish there were some way of abolishing withholding now."
At the link: By making taxes relatively invisible and making paying them relatively painless, Friedman paved the way for the current status quo, in which significant portions of salaried workers' incomes are handed over to state and federal governments without much fuss. Tax refunds, which feel like a delightful windfall to those who receive them, complicate the matter further by making many Americans feel like they are getting a gift on tax day, rather than giving their hard-earned money to the government under threat of violence.
The above proposal for automatic, universal assistance would further pave the way toward a deep socialism and eventually the Greek or Venezuelan model. Every move toward making a system efficient gives approval to that system. This doesn't bother current politicians. Almost all of them take the 18th century French royal view, "After me, the flood".
Aging boomer June 9, 2016 at 10:28 AM
I favor a "fulcrum tax" which addresses some of the issues John raises. All of us benefit from the accumulated wisdom and knowledge of our species. I would argue that the dividend from this accumulated capital should be distributed equally across society. I would also argue that the gains and losses of creative destruction are highly skewed -- e.g., globalization has had huge benefits for the world's poor and US consumers, but has devastated workers in the US manufacturing sector. They are also unpredictable and can hit anyone at any time -- e.g., the AI revolution could someday replace many of today's highly skilled employees.
My proposed solution is a fulcrum tax. The idea is to lower everyone's beta to the economy by sharing in the (often unpredictable) gains and losses from creative destruction. It works like this: If you make more than the average income, you pay 25% of the difference to a redistribution pool; If you make less, you get 25% of the difference back.
Some advantages of this approach:
1. It can be done entirely by computers; no money flows through Washington, minimizing the potential for cronyism and corruption.
2. It provides a minimal annual income for all Americans (25% of the national average)
3. It preserves consumer choice -- no statists telling people how to spend the money (i.e., SNAP, Obamacare, etc.)
4. It could make the social security trust fund solvent; the fund would only need to cover the difference between the calculated benefit and the minimum annual income.
5. It would require recipients to file a tax return -- no benefits to illegals
6. If the average income goes up but the median income is flat (i.e., the well off are getting most of the gains), everyone still benefits (so people will be happy when national income goes up, even if their personal income is flat)
7. Other costs of government could then be covered by a small VAT or national sales tax, which is much easier to collect.
Douglas Magowan June 9, 2016 at 5:08 PM
Wouldn't 18 be a better age than 21? Many people are independent at 18. And those that are still dependent are likely in school. (Perhaps one more subsidized industry that can be wrapped up in this.)
"For now, both act to limit moral hazard. If it takes a few hours and trips down to an unpleasant bureaucracy to get help, then only people who really need it are likely to ask."
In Canada, we see a form or rent emerging with the unpleasant bureaucracy for people with disabilities. Long term disability benefits are paid out of the Canada Pension Plan (CPP), but the processes and forms required for establishing a disability are labyrinthine. We now see disability specialists who run their business by helping people navigate the processes for a portion of the entitlement. Between the tax lawyers and accountants, the potential problem with an onerous bureaucracy is the rent it creates as people try to navigate the system.
Can we not combine the best of UBI with a bit of conditioning?
I recently talked to a social worker in Austria working with unemployed people. There are two classes of contribution levels for people out of work for longer Terms. Those still capable of work, at least theoretically, and those not for whatever reason. The first ones have to prove their principal readiness to work and get roughly 800$ and the second one get about 600$.
The social worker told me about a guy at 24 in full health who never was in work and managed to get the higher rate due to his ability to "distract" potential employers. She told me from a similar guy who had made an ugly tatoo in his face to achieve a similar effect.
So it is not necessary the fifty years old former mun who raised three Kids that is getting These benefits.
The benefit levels are not high but for some people who value having no stress at all and always a good sleep every day it seems the better choice.
I think you have to approach it not only from the standpoint what makes economically sense for the working majority but also which level of abuse is acceptable to Society and this increases with the Level you hand out.
You obviously have decrasing marginal benefits from Basic income , as you have increasing abuse with Basic income rising. Finding the pareto Optimum is the challenge.
Vintage Rocker June 16, 2016 at 11:46 AM
I think your analogy of what the introduction of tractors did to farm work would be more similar to what robots will eventually do to current factory (and many services) work if seen from the point of view of horses, not humans. Hhmmmm... seems that didn't work out so well for horses, did it?
I find more than a bit disingenuous to argue that services will always provide work for the victims of technological unemployment, so their lack of a salaried occupation can be assumed to be their fault only. "Services" sound great if you think of web programmers and financial consultants, but not so much if what you have in mind are janitors, toilet scrubbers and burger flippers (which is closer to what is realistically available for the vast majority of the lower middle classes). Will there always be work to be done in exchange for a pittance? yes, the work that the best educated do not want to do. Is such job a source of dignity and self-worth, especially if its remuneration is dictated by an unregulated market? I seriously doubt it. But I can see how the "knowledge workers" that are confident in their ability to keep on earning big bucks may oppose a UBI, it will keep the cost of their servants low...
I normally enjoy your posts very much, and tend to agree with most of them, but I find this one widely off the mark (and find more congenial Murray's position, for reasons I expound on this post: http://purebarbell.blogspot.com.es/2015/03/the-conservative-case-for-ubi-what-lies.html after reaching similar conclusions about what would need to be defunded for it to be feasible: http://purebarbell.blogspot.com.es/2015/01/where-would-money-for-really-big-ubi.html)
Tamanna Farhana August 17, 2016 at 11:22 AM
J Oliver February 3, 2017 at 2:19 PM
"$10,000 is not a lot of money, barely sustaining a life on the margins in pockets of poor rural America."
Some USA citizens live in less than that now. Some even voluntarily see here: http://earlyretirementextreme.com/how-i-live-on-7000-per-year.html
Brexit or Fixit
Transport innovation
Rajan on cash transfers and corruption
Syverson on the productivity slowdown
Financial Choice
Lottery Winners Don't Get Healthier
How to raise GDP 10%, and reduce inequality too
WSJ growth oped -- full version


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International Book Awards
About The CILIP Carnegie Medal
The Carnegie Medal was established in 1936 in memory of the great Scottish-born philanthropist, Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919). Carnegie was a self-made industrialist who made his fortune in steel in the USA. His experience of using a library as a child led him to resolve that "if ever wealth came to me that it should be used to establish free libraries."
First awarded to Arthur Ransome for Pigeon Post, the winner receives a golden medal and £500 worth of books to donate to a library of their choice. Since 2016 the winner of the Carnegie Medal has also been awarded the £5,000 Colin Mears Award.
CILIP Carnegie Medal 2022-2020
October, October by Balen, Katya
October and her dad live in the woods. They know the trees and the rocks and the lake and stars like best friends. They live in the woods and they are wild. And that's the way it is.
Until the year October turns eleven. That's the year October rescues a baby owl. It's the year Dad falls out of the biggest tree in their woods. The year the woman who calls herself October's mother comes back. The year everything changes.
Look Both Ways by Jason Reynolds; Alexander Nabaum (Illustrator)
Call Number: F Rey
From National Book Award finalist and #1 New York Times bestselling author Jason Reynolds comes a novel told in ten blocks, showing all the different directions kids' walks home can take.
The Black Flamingo by Dean Atta
Call Number: F Att
Michael is a mixed-race gay teen growing up in London. All his life, he's navigated what it means to be Greek-Cypriot and Jamaican--but never quite feeling Greek or Black enough. As he gets older, Michael's coming out is only the start of learning who he is and where he fits in. When he discovers the Drag Society, he finally finds where he belongs--and the Black Flamingo is born.
The CILIP Carnegie Medal 2019-2010
The Poet X by Elizabeth Acevedo
Call Number: F Ace
Xiomara Batista feels unheard and unable to hide in her Harlem neighborhood. Ever since her body grew into curves, she has learned to let her fists and her fierceness do the talking. But Xiomara has plenty she wants to say, and she pours all her frustration and passion onto the pages of a leather notebook, reciting the words to herself like prayers--especially after she catches feelings for a boy in her bio class named Aman, who her family can never know about. With Mami's determination to force her daughter to obey the laws of the church, Xiomara understands that her thoughts are best kept to herself. So when she is invited to join her school's slam poetry club, she doesn't know how she could ever attend without her mami finding out. But she still can't stop thinking about performing her poems. Because in the face of a world that may not want to hear her, Xiomara refuses to be silent. "Crackles with energy and snaps with authenticity and voice."
Where the World Ends by Geraldine McCaughrean
Call Number: F McC
Every summer Quill and his friends are put ashore on a remote sea stac to hunt birds. But this summer, no one arrives to take them home. Surely nothing but the end of the world can explain why they've been abandoned--cold, starving and clinging to life, in the grip of a murderous ocean. How will they survive such a forsaken place of stone and sea?
Salt to the Sea by Ruta Sepetys
Call Number: F Sep
World War II is drawing to a close in East Prussia and thousands of refugees are on a desperate trek toward freedom, many with something to hide. Among them are Joana, Emilia, and Florian, whose paths converge en route to the ship that promises salvation, the Wilhelm Gustloff. Forced by circumstance to unite, the three find their strength, courage, and trust in each other tested with each step closer to safety. Just when it seems freedom is within their grasp, tragedy strikes. Not country, nor culture, nor status matter as all ten thousand people aboard must fight for the same thing: survival.
Call Number: F Cro
Tippi and Grace. Grace and Tippi. For them, it's normal to step into the same skirt. To hook their arms around each other for balance. To fall asleep listening to the other breathing. To share. And to keep some things private. Each of the sixteen-year-old girls has her own head, heart, and two arms, but at the belly, they join. And they are happy, never wanting to risk the dangerous separation surgery. But the girls' body is beginning to fight against them. And Grace doesn't want to admit it. Not even to Tippi. How long can they hide from the truth--how long before they must face the most impossible choice of their lives?
Buffalo Soldier by Tanya Landman
What kind of a girl steals the clothes from a dead man's back and runs off to join the army?
A desperate one, that's who.
World been turned on its head by that big old war, and the army seemed like the safest place to be, until we was sent off to fight them Indians. And then? Heck! When Death's so close you can smell his breath, ain't nothing makes you feel more alive.
The Bunker Diary by Kevin Brooks
Call Number: F Bro
I can't believe I fell for it. It was still dark when I woke up this morning. As soon as my eyes opened I knew where I was. A low-ceilinged rectangular building made entirely of whitewashed concrete. There are six little rooms along the main corridor. There are no windows. No doors. The elevator is the only way in or out. What's he going to do to me? What am I going to do? People are really quite simple, and they have simple needs. Food, water, light, space, privacy. Maybe a small measure of dignity. A bit of freedom. What happens when someone simply takes all that away?
Maggot Moon by Sally Gardner; Robert Madge (Read by)
Call Number: F Gar
On the other side of the wall there is a dark secret. And the devil. And the Moon Man. And the Motherland doesn't want anyone to know. But Standish Treadwell, who has different-colored eyes, who "can't read, can't write, Standish Treadwell isn't bright," sees things differently than the rest of the "train-track thinkers." So when Standish and his only friend and neighbor, Hector, make their way to the other side of the wall, they see what the Motherland has been hiding. And it's big.
A Monster Calls by Patrick Ness; Jim Kay (Illustrator)
Call Number: F Nes
An unflinching, darkly funny, and deeply moving story of a boy, his seriously ill mother, and an unexpected monstrous visitor. At seven minutes past midnight, thirteen-year-old Conor wakes to find a monster outside his bedroom window. But it isn't the monster Conor's been expecting - he's been expecting the one from his nightmare, the nightmare he's had nearly every night since his mother started her treatments. The monster in his backyard is different. It's ancient. And wild. And it wants something from Conor. Something terrible and dangerous. It wants the truth.
Monsters of Men by Patrick Ness
Call Number: F Ness
In the riveting conclusion to the acclaimed dystopian series, a boy and girl caught in the chaos of war face devastating choices that will decide the fate of a world. As a world-ending war surges around them, Todd and Viola face monstrous decisions. The indigenous Spackle, thinking and acting as one, have mobilized to avenge their murdered people. Ruthless human leaders prepare to defend their factions at all costs, even as a convoy of new settlers approaches. And as the ceaseless Noise lays all thoughts bare, the projected will of the few threatens to overwhelm the desperate desire of the many. The consequences of each action, each word, are unspeakably vast: To follow a tyrant or a terrorist? To save the life of the one you love most, or thousands of strangers? To believe in redemption, or assume it is lost? Becoming adults amid the turmoil, Todd and Viola question all they have known, racing through horror and outrage toward a shocking finale.
The Graveyard Book by Neil Gaiman; Dave McKean (Illustrator)
Call Number: F Gai
Bod is an unusual boy who inhabits an unusual place--he's the only living resident of a graveyard. Raised from infancy by the ghosts, werewolves, and other cemetery denizens, Bod has learned the antiquated customs of his guardians' time as well as their ghostly teachings--such as the ability to Fade so mere mortals cannot see him. Can a boy raised by ghosts face the wonders and terrors of the worlds of both the living and the dead?
Bog Child by Siobhan Dowd
Call Number: F Dow
DIGGING FOR PEAT in the mountain with his Uncle Tally, Fergus finds the body of a child, and it looks like she's been murdered. As Fergus tries to make sense of the mad world around him--his brother on hunger-strike in prison, his growing feelings for Cora, his parents arguing over the Troubles, and him in it up to the neck, blackmailed into acting as courier to God knows what--a little voice comes to him in his dreams, and the mystery of the bog child unfurls. Bog Child is an astonishing novel exploring the sacrifices made in the name of peace, and the unflinching strength of the human spirit.
Here Lies Arthur by Philip Reeve
Call Number: UCF ARC CMC Fiction -- F Ree
Welcome to the dark side of Camelot. Gwynna is just a girl who is forced to run when her village is attacked and burns to the ground. To her horror, she is discovered in the wood. But it is Myrddin the bard who has found her, a traveler and spinner of tales. He agrees to protect Gwynna if she will agree to be bound in service to him. Gwynna is frightened but intrigued-and says yes-for this Myrddin serves the young, rough, and powerful Arthur. In the course of their travels, Myrddin transforms Gwynna into the mysterious Lady of the Lake, a boy warrior, and a spy.
Just in Case by Meg Rosoff
Call Number: F Ros
Justin Case is convinced fate has it in for him. And he's right. After finding his younger brother teetering on the edge of his balcony, fifteen-year-old David Case realizes the fragility of life and senses impending doom. Without looking back, he changes his name to Justin and assumes a new identity, new clothing and new friends, and dares to fall in love with the seductive Agnes Day. With his imaginary dog Boy in tow, Justin struggles to fit into his new role and above all, to survive in a world where tragedy is around every corner. He's got to be prepared, just in case.
No award given this year.
Tamar by Mal Peet
Call Number: F Pee
When her grandfather dies, Tamar inherits a box containing a series of clues and coded messages. Out of the past, another Tamar emerges, a man involved in the terrifying world of resistance fighters in Nazi-occupied Holland half a century before. His story is one of passionate love, jealousy, and tragedy set against the daily fear and casual horror of the Second World War -- and unraveling it is about to transform Tamar's life forever.
Millions by Frank Cottrell Boyce
Call Number: F Cot
It was a one-in-a-million chance. A bag crammed with cash comes tumbling out of the air and lands right at Damian's feet. Suddenly the Cunningham brothers are rich. Very rich. They can buy anything they want. There's just one problem -- they have only seventeen days to spend all the money before it becomes worthless. And the crooks who stole the cash in the first place are closing in -- fast.
A Northern Light by Jennifer Donnelly
Sixteen-year-old Mattie Gokey has a word for everything, and big dreams of being a writer but little hope of seeing them come true. With the fresh pain of her mother's death lingering over her and the only out from her impoverished life being marriage to the handsome but dull local rich boy, Maddie flees from her home. She takes a job at the Glenmore, where hotel guest Grace Brown entrusts her with the task of burning a secret bundle of letters. But when Grace's drowned body is fished from Big Moose Lake, Mattie discovers that the letters could reveal the grim truth behind a murder.
Ruby Holler by Sharon Creech
Call Number: F Cre
Brother and sister Dallas and Florida are the "trouble twins." In their short thirteen years, they've passed through countless foster homes, only to return to their dreary orphanage, Boxton Creek Home. Run by the Trepids, a greedy and strict couple, Boxton Creek seems impossible to escape. When Mr. Trepid informs the twins that they'll be helping old Tiller and Sairy Morey go on separate adventures, Dallas and Florida are suspicious. As the twins adjust to the natural beauty of the outdoors, help the Tillers prepare for their adventures, and foil a robbery, their ultimate search for freedom leads them home to Ruby Holler.
The Amazing Maurice and His Educated Rodents by Terry Pratchett
Call Number: F Pra
The Amazing Maurice runs the perfect Pied Piper scam. This streetwise alley cat knows the value of cold, hard cash and can talk his way into and out of anything. But when Maurice and his cohorts decide to con the town of Bad Blinitz, it will take more than fast talking to survive the danger that awaits. For this is a town where food is scarce and rats are hated, where cellars are lined with deadly traps, and where a terrifying evil lurks beneath the hunger-stricken streets.... Set in Terry Pratchett's beloved Discworld, this masterfully crafted, gripping read is both compelling and funny. When one of the world's most acclaimed fantasy writers turns a classic fairy tale on its head, no one will ever look at the Pied Piper--or rats--the same way again!
Other Side of Truth by Beverley Naidoo
Call Number: F Nai
Sade is slipping her English book into her schoolbag when her Mama screams. Two sharp cracks splinter the air. "Mama mi?" She whispers Twelve-year-old Sade's journalist father is a vocal critic of the corrupt government in Nigeria. When Sade's mother is murdered, her family sees in bloody detail the violent risks that come with exposing the truth.
Postcards from No Man's Land by Aidan Chambers
Call Number: F Cha
Alternates between two stories--contemporarily, seventeen-year-old Jacob visits a daunting Amsterdam at the request of his English grandmother--and historically, nineteen-year-old Geertrui relates her experience of British soldiers's attempts to liberate Holland from its German occupation.
Skellig by David Almond
Call Number: F Alm
Ten-year-old Michael was looking forward to moving into a new house. But now his baby sister is ill, his parents are frantic, and Doctor Death has come to call. Michael feels helpless. Then he steps into the crumbling garage. . . . What is this thing beneath the spiderwebs and dead flies? A human being, or a strange kind of beast never before seen? The only person Michael can confide in is his new friend, Mina. Together they carry the creature out into the light, and Michael's world changes forever. . . .
River Boy by Tim Bowler; Rafal Olbinski (Illustrator)
"She didn't know how fast the current was moving her. It could take many more hours yet, perhaps more hours than she had the strength for. But she must not stop. She must keep going. She must try to catch the river boy, even though she was frightened at the thought of what he was." Jess's beloved grandfather has just had a serious heart attack, but he insists that the family travel as planned to his boyhood home on the river so that he can finish his painting, "River Boy." As Jess helps her ailing grandpa with his work, she becomes entranced by the scene he is painting. Then she becomes aware of a strange presence in the river -- a boy who asks for her help and issues a challenge that will stretch her swimming talents to their very limit. Jess knows that Grandpa and the river boy are connected, but how? Can she take up the river boy's challenge before it's too late for Grandpa?
Junk by Melvin Burgess
'Tar loves Gemma, but Gemma doesn''t want to be tied down - not to anyone or anything. Gemma wants to fly. But no one can fly forever. One day, somehow, finally you have to come down. Commissioned and produced by Oxford Stage Company, Junk premiered at The Castle, Wellingborough, in January 1998 and went on to tour throughout the UK in 1998 and 1999.
His Dark Materials: Book 1 Northern Lights by Philip Pullman
Lyra Belacqua and her animal daemon live half-wild and carefree among scholars of Jordan College, Oxford. The destiny that awaits her will take her to the frozen lands of the Arctic, where witch-clans reign and ice-bears fight. Her extraordinary journey will have immeasurable consequences far beyond her own world...
Whispers in the Graveyard by Theresa Breslin
They want me to join them. All I have to do is to reach out to them . . . Solomon struggles in school. He is bullied by his teachers and let down by his parents. His only refuge is in the local cemetery, among ancient graves that lie in the shadow of the rowan tree. But when workmen uproot the tree, a dark and terrifying power is unleashed. Will Solomon be able to save himself and the people he cares about from the terrible curse within?
Stone Cold by Robert Swindells
Dave is just another sixteen-year-old who's run away from home. New to London, he falls in with Ginger and, calling himself Link, begins to learn how to survive on the streets. However, a maniac is out there, stalking homeless young people and hell-bent on cleaning up the city...
Flour Babies and the Boys of Room 8 by Anne Fine
When his class of underachievers is assigned to spend three torturous weeks taking care of their own babies in the form of bags of flour, Simon makes amazing discoveries about himself while coming to terms with his long-absent father.
Dear Nobody by Berlie Doherty
It was only once, but she's pregnant. When Helen discovers she is expecting a baby, she cuts off her relationshop with Chris, the boyfriend she loves very much. She's confused and tormented, and so is he. Separately, the two high school seniors must come to terms with their childs future-- and their own. A riveting and unforgettable love story.
Wolf by Gillian Cross
Cassy hears footsteps padding through Nan's flat in the middle of the night. The next day she is packed off to stay with her beautiful but childish mother. There is no explanation. Something has gone wrong and Cassy faces danger. Soon she must face up to her past - who her father is, why he left, and where he has gone.
Goggle-Eyes by Anne Fine
Kitty is not pleased with her mother's boyfriend, especially his views on the anti-nuclear issue, until unexpected events prompt her, after all, to help him find his place in the family.
A Pack of Lies by Geraldine McCaughrean
When M.C.C. Berkshire comes into Ailsa and her mother's antiques shop, he turns their lives upside down. He moves in, sleeps on the old bed in the shop (for sale), and corners every potential customer with a specially made-up story about an item in the shop. At the end of each tale the customers are so entranced that they buy the item! Suddenly the shop is a success, with M.C.C. telling a pack of lies to suit every taste. There's a whodunnit, a spoof on Dracula, a Victorian fantasy, and nine other funny and fascinating stories. Soon Ailsa and her mother start wondering whether they should encourage M.C.C.'s lies, and without realizing it, Ailsa begins to fall in love with the magical stranger. But who is this amazing character? At the end of the book, we suddenly find out...or do we?
The Ghost Drum by Susan Price
On a Midwinter night, a shaman demands a new-born baby girl from her slave-mother - and carries the child away in a hut that stalks across the snow on chicken legs. The new-born son of the Czar is imprisoned, for life, in a tiny room at the top of a tall tower because the Czar is afraid his son will outdo him. The slave's daughter, and the princeling, both long for freedom but their search for it earns them vicious enemies - the ruthless Princess Margaretta, and Kuzma, the shape-shifting bear-shaman. Can the slave's-daughter and the prince survive?
Granny was a Buffer Girl by Berlie Doherty
Leaving home. It's hard for Jess to imagine what it will be like to be separated from her family and friends. And before she goes, she wants to share all the family secrets - all its love stories and all its ghost stories too. There's Birdie and Jack, whose love was strong enough to keep them together despite the deep divisions between the families; Dorothy, for whom the admiration of a rich young man seems the only escape from the toil and dirt of buffing up cutlery; and, of course, there's Jess's story. She, too, has known moments of grief and happiness, all the pain and joy that goes with living.
Storm by Kevin Crossley-Holland; Alan Marks (Illustrator)
Every day Annie walks by the lonely marsh from her remote cottage to school. Only in winter, when the wind howls in the trees, is Annie ever afraid. Her sister Willa is pregnant and Annie is overjoyed when she comes home to have her baby. Annie tells Willa the names of local plants and Willa tells Annie about the ghost, murdered by highwaymen, who is said to haunt the old forge nearby. Then, on a terrible night, with the phone lines down, Willa goes into labour. Annie is terrified of the ghost, but knows she must brave the storm to fetch help. As she ventures into the night, a horseman swings into view. He offers to take Annie to town. But who is this horseman?
The Changeover by Margaret Mahy
A clammy hand pressed Laura down onto her knees beside Jacko's bed. It was the hand of terror, nothing less.' It was a warning. Laura felt it when she looked in the mirror that morning. There had been others: the day her father left home, the day she met Sorensen - the boy with the strange silver eyes. But nothing had prepared Laura for the horror of today. And now her little brother, Jacko, was fighting for his life after being sucked dry of his youth by the sinister Carmody Braque. Laura knows there is only one way to save Jacko; she must join Sorensen and use his supernatural powers to change over if there is to be any hope for her little brother. An unforgettable, supernatural romance.
Handles by Jan Mark
Erica, a lover of motorcycles, finds her country holiday dreary until she runs into a cat with false teeth, new friends with interesting names, and a lot of motorcycles.
The Haunting by Margaret Mahy
Eight-year-old Barney is willing to accept that the ghost of his Great-Uncle Cole might wish to be friends with him, but his family are sceptical. However, some of his older relations admit that there does seem to be something special about the boy. Barney's sister, practical Tabitha, determines to solve the mystery - but it is Troy, the oldest of the children, who finds out what the truth really is....
The Scarecrows by Westall, Robert
There were three people, standing in the darkest place, watching him. Simon is outraged that his Mum plans to remarry. He can't bear her new fiancé or the way his mother and sister seem to have forgotten his late father. Overwhelmed by hatred and anger he seeks solace in a nearby abandoned water mill. But another, powerful hatred lingers within its walls. And it is about to be unleashed.
City of Gold and Other Stories from the Old Testament by Peter Dickinson; Michael Foreman (Illustrator)
A fresh retelling of thirty-three Bible stories reflects the vitality and immediacy of oral biblical tradition and provides a new understanding of traditional biblical tales.
Tulku by Peter Dickinson
A thirteen-year-old boy escapes from slaughter by the Boxers in China and joins forces with an English botanist and her escort, traveling with them to Tibet where the power of Buddhist monks transforms the lives of all of them.
The Exeter Blitz by David Rees
On top of the Exeter cathedral when a Nazi bombing raid begins, 14-year-old Colin Lockwood survives the attack and searches for the rest of his family.
The Turbulent Term of Tyke Tiler by Gene Kemp
The Turbulent Term of Tyke Tiler by Gene Kemp is a new edition of the classic, much-loved Carnegie Medal-winning school adventure.
Thunder and Lightnings by Jan Mark
A boy who believes that he cannot do anything right befriends a new boy in town and introduces him to the wonders of airplanes--and friendship.
The Machine Gunners by Robert Westall; Ali Taylor (Adapted by); Robert Westall (Other Primary Creator)
It's 1940, and Britain is at war. Young Chas McGill has the second-best collection of war souvenirs in town, but desperately wants it to be the best. Amidst the bombs and air raids, Chas and his friends plan their own war effort in their newly built bunker. Friendships are forged and loyalties tested, in the adventure of a lifetime.
The Stronghold by Mollie Hunter
Crippled in a Roman raid on his native island, Coll spends many years planning an impregnable defense but has to overcome many obstacles before he is given a chance to put it to the test.
The Ghost of Thomas Kempe by Penelope Lively
James is fed up. His family has moved to a new cottage – with grounds that are great for excavations, and trees that are perfect for climbing – and stuff is happening. Stuff that is normally the kind of thing he does. But it's not him who's writing strange things on shopping lists and fences. It's not him who smashes bottles and pours tea in the Vicar's lap. It's a ghost – honestly. Thomas Kempe the 17th century apothecary has returned and he wants James to be his apprentice. No one else believes in ghosts. It's up to James to get rid of him. Or he'll have no pocket money or pudding ever again.
Watership Down by Richard Adams
Watership Down is the compelling tale of a group of wild rabbits struggling to hold onto their place in the world.
Josh by Ivan Southall
For fourteen-year-old Josh, the village of Ryan Creek, settled by his great-grandfather, is a jungle--completely different from Melbourne, where he was born and raised. And the people he meets in Ryan Creek--his eccentric Aunt Clara, the two O'Connor boys and their beautiful sister Betsy, Laura and Harry Jones--are not only baffling but dangerous. Josh does everything wrong here. A dreamer and a poet, he is also strong-willed and uncompromising in his principles. His encounters with the young people of Ryan Creek during his three-day visit begin with mutual bewilderment and confusion and move inexorably to an explosion of violence.
God Beneath the Sea by Leon Garfield; Edward Blishen; Charles Keeping (Illustrator)
Leon Garfield and Edward Blishen retells some of the most famous Greek myths in this classic of children's literature. This is the epic history of the Greek Gods told from their violent beginnings to the creation of man.
The Edge of the Cloud by K. M. Peyton; Victor G. Ambrus (Illustrator)
Set in pre World War 1 England, the story centres around an aspiring aviator and his fiancee, who has a fear of flying.
The Moon in the Cloud by Rosemary Harrison
A retelling of the story of Noah's Ark, this tale centers on Reuben, an animal trainer, who is promised passage on the ark as a reward for helping to gather the animals.
The Owl Service by Alan Garner
Gwen discovers, in the attic, a plate with an abstract design on it that can be traced into an owl, an owl that disappears when no one is looking.
No Award given.
The Grange at High Force by Philip Turner
Contents: *A niche for Arthur *Cannon at High Force *The Guns of H.M.S. Artemis *The Lady in the Niche *Change of Command *Where is the Lady? *Gunpowder and Corn Plasters *Sir Joshua's Journal *Augustus *Saint Francis and the Yellow Peril *Here Lies the Body of Gothic Adams *Seven Witches *Sink the Bismarck *The Great Snowstorm *Beckford's Patent Bomb Wiggle *Gothic Adams's Secret *Two-gun Salute
Nordy Bank by Sheena Porter
Set in the hills of Shropshire, it features children whose camping holiday seems to engage the prehistoric past.
Time of Trial by Hester Burton; Victor G. Ambrus (Illustrator)
Set in early nineteenth century England, it addresses the themes of social reform and freedom of speech in a time of war.
The Twelve and the Genii by Pauline Clark
In his new home a young boy finds twelve old wooden soldiers with definite personalities and a fascinating history that once belonged to the famous Bronte children.
A Stranger at Green Knowe by L. M. Boston; Peter Boston (Illustrator); Lucy M. Boston
L. M. Boston's thrilling and chilling tales of Green Knowe, a haunted manor deep in an overgrown garden in the English countryside, have been entertaining readers for half a century. Now the children of Green Knowe--both alive and ghostly--are back in appealing new editions. The spooky original illustrations have been retained, but dramatic new cover art by Brett Helquist (illustrator of A Series of Unfortunate Events) gives the books a fresh, timeless appeal for today's readers.
The Making of Man by I W Cornwall
Not only in giving a clear outline of the evolution of man as a species but also in the way it is done
The Lantern Bearers by Rosemary Sutcliff
The last of the Roman army have set sail and left Britain forever, abandoning it to civil war and the threat of a Saxon invasion. Aquila, a young Legionnaire, deserted his regiment to stay behind with his family, but his home and all that he loves are destroyed. Years of hardship and fighting follow, and in the end, there is only one thing left in Aquila's life--his thirst for revenge . . .
Tom's Midnight Garden by Philippa Pearce; Jaime Zollars (Illustrator)
When Tom's brother gets sick, he's shipped off to spend what he's sure will be a boring summer with his aunt and uncle in the country. But then Tom hears the old grandfather clock in the hall chime thirteen times, and he's transported back to an old garden where he meets a young, lonely girl named Hatty. Tom returns to the garden every night to have adventures with Hatty, who mysteriously grows a little older with each visit. As the summer comes to an end, Tom realizes he wants to stay in the garden with Hatty forever.
Grass Rope by William Mayne; Lynton Lamb (Illustrator)
An old legend provides the clues for a treasure hunt in the Yorkshire Dales. The seekers are Nan and Mary from the farm, Peter from the inn and Adam Forrest the head boy from Nan's school. The first clue was concealed in the old signboard at the inn and the last somewhere inside a hill but the one that was the most important was a unicorn. Adam was too old to bother with unicorns and thought he could work everything out by science. Mary was too young for science so called the fairies for help and prepared a grass rope so that she could catch the unicorn.
The Last Battle by C. S. Lewis; Pauline Baynes (Illustrator)
Call Number: F Lew
During the last days of Narnia, the land faces its fiercest challenge--not an invader from without but an enemy from within. Lies and treachery have taken root, and only the king and a small band of loyal followers can prevent the destruction of all they hold dear in this, the magnificent ending to The Chronicles of Narnia.
The Little Bookroom by Eleanor Farjeon; Edward Ardizzone (Illustrator); Rumer Godden (Afterword by)
In The Little Bookroom, Eleanor Farjeon mischievously tilts our workaday world to reveal its wonders and follies. Her selection of her favorite stories describes powerful--and sometimes exceedingly silly--monarchs, and commoners who are every bit their match; musicians and dancers who live for aft rather than earthly reward; and a goldfish who wishes to "marry the Moon, surpass the Sun, and possess the World."
Knight Crusader by Ronald Welch
Philip d'Aubigny is a young knight in the kingdom of Outremer and can't wait to prove himself. His chance comes when he rides into battle to defend his home from attack by Saracen leader, Saladin and his army. But after a disastrous campaign, Philip is taken prisoner by the Turks and must work as a servant-and all the while he is plotting his escape. At last his opportunity arrives and Philip flees, joining Richard the Lionheart in his victorious Third Crusade before finally travelling to Britain to claim his family's estate. Only when he arrives, he finds he must once again go into battle . . .
A Valley Grows Up by Edward Osmond
A typical English valley shown through the centuries as it develops from uninhabited forest, hillside and swamp to the modern busy town.
The Borrowers by Mary Norton; Beth Krush (Illustrator); Joe Krush (Illustrator)
Call Number: F Nor
This is the classic story--read and loved by children all over the world--of Pod, Homily, and their daughter, Arrietty, who live under the kitchen floor in a quiet, half-empty house and get their livelihood by borrowing from the human beings.
The Wool-Pack by Cynthia Harnett
In England in 1493, Nicholas, the son of a wealthy wool merchant, manages to unmask a plot designed to ruin his father's business.
The Lark on the Wing by Elfrida Vipont; T. R. Freeman (Illustrator)
Kit finally has recognized that no matter what she wants to sing. Only, it comes as a shock to realize that what is at last so obvious to her isn't as obvious to everyone else.
The Story of Your Home by Agnes Allen
The Story of Your Home is a non-fiction book for children about domestic architecture and domestic life in Great Britain from cave dwellings to blocks of flats.
Sea change by Richard Armstrong
Cam Renton has been an apprentice seaman for a year when he arrives at Liverpool to join the crew of the Langdale, a cargo ship heading for Barbados and the Spanish Main. He is working towards becoming an officer and someday captain of his own ship. Because he is dissatisfied with the progress of his training, he asks the Chief Mate for assignment to one of the night watches rather than to routine day-work. The mate gives him short shrift, and during the outward voyage the two are at odds. Rankling under a sense of injustice, Cam devises a scheme to make the mate think he is haunted by a whistling poltergeist. However, he soon realizes this is childish and futile. When they reach the Caribbean, Cam takes a rare opportunity to go ashore at Boca del Sol, a fictional seaport. He and his bunkmate Rusty find themselves in the local prison after a misunderstanding. Cam executes a daring escape, but Captain Carey already has the matter well in hand, and he tells Cam a few home truths showing him that he is getting an excellent training in seamanship, thanks to the mate. Afterward Cam starts to work and study in earnest, and his knowledge of navigation and semaphore are put to use when he becomes part of a skeleton crew aboard a salvaged derelict.
Collected Stories for Children - 17 Short Stories - Dick and the Beanstalk, the Dutch Cheese, a Penny a Day, the Scarecrow, the Three Sleeping Boys Of by Walter de la Mare
Collected Stories for Children was first published in 1947 and is a collection of the best seventeen short stories written by Walter de la Mare. The stories cover a range of subjects, but are all dreamy and poetic, captivating both adults and children.
The Little White Horse by Elizabeth Goudge
When orphaned young Maria Merryweather arrives at Moonacre Manor, she feels as if she's entered Paradise. Her new guardian, her uncle Sir Benjamin, is kind and funny; the Manor itself feels like home right away; and every person and animal she meets is like an old friend. But there is something incredibly sad beneath all of this beauty and comfort--a tragedy that happened years ago, shadowing Moonacre Manor and the town around it--and Maria is determined to learn about it, change it, and give her own life story a happy ending. But what can one solitary girl do?
No Award this year.
The Wind on the Moon by Eric Linklater; Nicolas Bentley (Illustrator)
In the English village of Midmeddlecum, Major Palfrey asks his two daughters to behave themselves while he is off at war. Sighing, Dinah says, "I think that we are quite likely to be bad, however hard we try not to be," and her sister, Dorinda, adds helpfully, "Very often, when we think we are behaving well, some grown-up person says we are really quite bad. It's difficult to tell which is which." Sure enough, the mischievous sisters soon convince a judge that minds must be changed as often as socks, stage an escape from the local zoo (thanks to a witch's potion that turns them into kangaroos), and--in the company of a golden puma and silver falcon--set off to rescue their father from the tyrant of Bombardy.
The Little Grey Men by B.B.
On the banks of the Folly Brook, inside an old oak tree, live the last three gnomes in Britain: Sneezewort, Baldmoney, and Dodder. Before their fourth brother, Cloudberry, disappeared upstream seeking adventure, they lived happily and peacefully among their woodland friends. But now spring has come and the brothers start thinking about spending the summer traveling upstream to find Cloudberry. Before long they've built a boat and set off for unknown lands, where they find themselves involved in all kinds of adventures with new friends (wood mice, water voles, badgers) as well as with enemies (two-legged giants).
We couldn't leave Dinah by Mary Treadgold
It is a contemporary adventure story set on a fictional island in the English Channel during World War II and eventually during a German occupation. Two English children on a Nazi-occupied Channel Island plan their escape.
Visitors from London by Kitty Barne
It is Sussex in 1939. Aunt Myra is entertaining her four nieces and nephews. Their lives are about to change as soon evacuees start arriving and life will never be the same again.
Radium Woman by Eleanor Doorly
A youth edition of the life of Madame Curie is a biography of the scientist Marie Curie adapted for children by Eleanor Doorly from the 1937 biography by Ève Curie.
The Circus is Coming by Noel Streatfeild
Threatened with life in separate orphanages when their aunt dies, two children run away to search for their uncle who works for a circus and find that they can become a part of the hard work and colorful performances of the tenting season.
The Family from One End Street by Eva Garnett
The story of everyday life in the big, happy Ruggles family who live in the small town of Otwell. Father is a dustman and Mother a washerwoman. Then there's all the children - practical Lily Rose, clever Kate, mischievous twins James and John, followed by Jo, who loves films, little Peg and finally baby William.
Pigeon Post by Arthur Ransome
In Pigeon Post, the crew turns their energies to mining for gold, aided by pigeon messengers Homer, Sophocles, and Sappho. The adventurers comb the nearby hills for a fabled lost claim, while being shadowed by a mysterious figure they dub "squashy hat." Undeterred by drought, sudden brushfires, and the continuing presence of Squashy Hat, the young prospectors persevere in their quest--with surprising results. Full of the dangers and dark adventures of old mines and forgotten claims, Pigeon Post has an irresistible appeal to the persistent explorer in all of us.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Collections 3 Serial/Series Titles 4 Resource Types 8 World Regions 1 Countries 1 U.S. States 4 Counties 5 Decades 4 Years 11 Months 5 Days 7 Languages 3
Collection: The Dallas Metroplex Chapter of the Names Project Foundation Collection Clear All Filters
[Details on the NAMES Project Dallas Chapter banner]
Description: Photograph of the details on the quilt banner of the Dallas Chapter of the NAMES Project. It focuses on the Texas map design in the middle with the cities El Paso, Amarillo, Fort Worth, San Antonio, and Houston marked in red stars, Austin marked with a yellow star, and Dallas marked with a black star pin with "DALLAS" on it in red letters. There is a bolo-tie with the Texas seal on it around the state map. There is also a rainbow, red ribbon, and logo design around the central design.
Creator: Merrill, Jeffrey
[Teddy bear with AIDS ribbon]
Description: Photograph of a brown teddy bear in a seated position with a red AIDS ribbon pinned to its chest. The bear is fluffy and has smooth patches on the bottoms of its feet and where its paws would be.
[Certificate of Recognition for the Dallas NAMES Project Chapter]
Description: Photograph of a framed certificate received by the Dallas Chapter of the NAMES Project for their contribution to the quilt display in Washington, D. C. It includes the year, the organization's logo, and the signatures of Perrie Dolph, the Volunteer Chair of the NAMES Project, and David B. Jackson, the Chairman of the Board for the NAMES Project in Houston.
[Tim Halsey recognition plaque]
Description: Photograph of a metal plaque given to Tim Halsey, the Dallas Chapter's Workshop Manager, for his work on the NAMES Project. It includes a date, a gold border, and has a wooden frame.
["The Quilt. See it and Understand" button]
Description: Photograph of a purple and teal button that reads "The Quilt. See it and Understand." The text is white and there is a squiggle beneath it.
[Page 7 in the Dallas Metro AIDS Quilt Panel Making Guide]
Description: Photograph of a spread in a binder used by the Dallas Metroplex Chapter of the Names Project. It is a guide for making quilt panels and this is the seventh design. It is a rainbow base with white spots all over it. There are several "NO"s written at the top and a circle with a line through it is over them all. Underneath it "HOT GLUE", "SEQUINS" and "GLASS" are written as a list.
["International AIDS Memorial Quilt" button]
Description: Photograph of a button that reads "The International AIDS Memorial Quilt. Not All Battles are Fought with a Sword." The text is black and there is a picture of a sewing needle with red thread as the background design. The logo for The NAMES Project is also in the lower right hand corner.
[The NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt t-shirt]
Description: Photograph of a t-shirt commemorating the NAMES Project Memorial Quilt. It has several panel designs in three quadrants of the full design. The fourth is the organization's name and there is a border around the design that reads "The NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt" four times. The t-shirt is on a mannequin torso.
Description: Photograph of a spread in a binder used by the Dallas Metroplex Chapter of the Names Project. It is a guide for making quilt panels and this is the fifth design. There is a yarn fringe attached to a purple abstract patterned fabric. There is also a zigzag thread border.
[The NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt t-shirt details]
Description: Photograph of a t-shirt design commemorating the NAMES Project Memorial Quilt. It has several panel designs in three quadrants of the full design. The fourth is the organization's name and there is a border around the design that reads "The NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt" four times.
[The NAMES Project button]
Description: Photograph of a small purple button that reads "The NAMES Project" and has a sewing needle design below the text.
[Letter from Governor Ann Richard to the Dallas Chapter of the NAMES Project, October 5, 1994]
Description: Photograph of a letter from Texas Governor Ann Richards to the Dallas Chapter of the NAMES Project thanking them and recognizing their work with the AIDS quilt.
["The NAMES Project" pin]
Description: Photograph of a purple pin that reads "The NAMES Project". The raised sections is silver and "NAMES" has a white filler. There is a sewing needle design beneath the text.
[Front and back of The NAMES Project Dallas Chapter's banner]
Description: Photograph of the banner used by the Dallas Chapter of the NAMES Project in the parade in Washington, D. C. It is attached to a black pole with loops of cloth. The front of the banner is decorated with a rainbow, a large red ribbon for AIDS, a Texas map on the Texas flag, an image of the International AIDS Memorial Quilt logo, and a red heart. The back of the banner is one cloth pattern, red ribbons to bring awareness to the AIDS crisis scattered on a white background.
[Rick page in the Dallas Metro AIDS Quilt Panel Making Guide]
Description: Photograph of a spread in a binder used by the Dallas Metroplex Chapter of the Names Project. It is a guide for making quilt panels and this is the second design. It has the name "Rick" in cursive over a striped section with a blue violet strip beneath it.
[Fort Worth mending kits]
Description: Photograph of a mending kit made by the Fort Worth/Tarrant County division of The NAMES Project. There are two kits so both sides are visible. One has a heart with a patch on it and it reads "Help mend a broken heart." and the other includes the logo and Fort Worth location.
[Fort Worth mending pack]
Description: Photograph of a mending kit made by the Fort Worth/Tarrant County division of The NAMES Project. It has a heart with a patch on it and it reads "Help mend a broken heart." There is a small pack of threads, buttons, and a safety pin inside.
[Dallas Metro AIDS Quilt Panel Making Guide]
Description: Photograph of a binder used by the Dallas Metroplex Chapter of the Names Project. Inside are guides for making quilt panels. There appear to be fabric swatches inside and the outside is decorated with color patches and silver puffy paint.
[Lo page in the Dallas Metro AIDS Quilt Panel Making Guide]
Description: Photograph of a spread in a binder used by the Dallas Metroplex Chapter of the Names Project. It is a guide for making quilt panels and this is the fourth design. It has the name "LO" in yellow block letters over a dark fabric with tread making a zigzag border. More yellow fabric is pinned to the cloth with sections that were cut out for the letters.
[NAMES Project framed poster]
Description: Photograph of a framed poster from the NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt display. The frame is purple and the poster has a quilted design in the middle of it.
["Keep their names alive" stamper]
Description: Photograph of a stamp that reads "KEEP THEIR NAMES ALIVE". It has a large wooden handle and a sample of the stamp is attached to the base. The stamp itself is a rubber material.
[Front and back of The DFW Metroplex's NAMES Project banner]
Description: Photograph of the banner used by the Dallas Chapter of the NAMES Project in the parade in Washington, D. C. It is attached to a black pole and the front of the banner is decorated with purple and white checkered squares with messages and the names of people who passed away from AIDS.
captions transcript
AIDS Awareness Special
Description: A Cumulus Productions special program on AIDS awareness. In association with KQED.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Video
World AIDS Quilt Project Special
Description: B-roll footage of filming an AIDS victim's story.
Duane Puryear Collection (The Dallas Way) 2 2 LGBT Collections 958 958 University Photography Collection 22 22
UNT Special Collections Artifact Photography 22 22 The Seam Line 2 2 NAMESletter 1 1 Quilt News 1 1
Photograph 967 967 Postcard 2 2 Physical Object 1 1 Text 2 2 Journal/Magazine/Newsletter 4 4 Letter 1 1 Pamphlet 3 3 Video 2 2
North America 979 979
United States 979 979
California 1 1 Iowa 1 1 Pennsylvania 1 1 Texas 969 969
Black Hawk County, IA 1 1 Dallas County, TX 968 968 Dauphin County, PA 1 1 Los Angeles County, CA 1 1 Tarrant County, TX 23 23
2010-2019 22 22 2000-2009 2 2 1990-1999 19 19 1980-1989 936 936
1988 930 930 1989 6 6 1990 2 2 1991 2 2 1992 4 4 1993 4 4 1994 5 5 1996 1 1 1999 1 1 2002 2 2 2017 22 22
February 2 2 July 22 22 August 1 1 October 7 7 December 3 3
1st 1 1 9th 2 2 13th 1 1 16th 1 1 19th 22 22 27th 1 1 28th 5 5
American Sign Language 1 1 English 975 975 No Language 7 7


text:
Hyderabad Sailing Week: Manu consolidates top spot
Hyderabad: Captain Manu of Army Yachting Node won three guns on the last day of the event to lead the fleet in the ILCA 6 women's category in the 26th Edition of Hyderabad Sailing Week, at the Hussain Sagar Lake on Friday. Akshay Vincent of Trishna Sailing Army Boys is in lead in the boys […]
Hyderabad: NTR Gardens, Lumbini Park to be remodelled
Hyderabad: Two of the most popular lung spaces in the city, both near the picturesque Hussain Sagar, the NTR Gardens and Lumbini Park are set to undergo a major transformation in terms of design and recreational facilities. The Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA) has invited a Request for Proposal for appointment of a landscape architect […]
Watch: Youngster jumps into Hussain Sagar, rescued
Hyderabad: A youngster, who allegedly jumped into the Hussain Sagar in an attempt to end his life, was rescued by the Lake Police on Tuesday. The man, Shaik, a resident of Bowenpally, came to Hussain Sagar and all of a sudden crossed over the railing and jumped into the lake. Passersby who noticed this immediately […]
Hyderabad to have 100 per cent STP system soon: KTR
Hyderabad: Municipal Administration and Urban Development Minister KT Rama Rao on Sunday announced that the State government was focusing on improving drainage and flood water management through Strategic Nala Development Programme (SNDP) in Hyderabad. He said Hyderabad would soon have cent per cent sewerage treatment plant (STP) system which would reduce the contamination risk at […]
Host your next party on a cruise in Hyderabad
The Telangana Tourism department is offering a cruise facility at Hussain Sagar Lake. The cruise can be availed for corporate bookings, weddings, and other occasions too.
Hyderabad: Water quality in Musi, Hussain Sagar improves
Hyderabad: At a time when cities across the world are struggling with rising contamination levels in their rivers, two major water bodies in the city of Hyderabad, the Musi River and Hussain Sagar, are reporting exactly the opposite trend. In the last few years, the water quality of Musi River and Hussain Sagar has improved […]
Plaque commemorating Sarojini Naidu's poem on Hussain Sagar installed at Tank Bund
The Nightingale of India in her poem titled 'The Hussain Saagar' describes the lake as a 'living image of her soul' and is an extract from her book 'The Bird Of Time' published in 1912, and contained a tribute to Hussain Sagar.
Hyderabad: Retaining wall to reduce urban flooding
Hyderabad: The strengthening and repair works of Hussain Sagar surplus nala starting from Hussain Sagar (opposite Marriott Hotel) and joining Musi River are underway. This project is being executed at an estimated cost of Rs 68.40 crore under the State government's Strategic Nala Development Plan (SNDP). As part of the exercise, a 9.12 km long […]
Moscow model bridge jutting into Hussain Sagar to come up soon
Hyderabad: A bridge jutting into the Hussain Sagar is coming up at PVNR Marg and is likely to be completed by the end of this year. Urban Development Special Chief Secretary Arvind Kumar, replying to a suggestion from a Twitter user on having a V-shaped bridge on the lines of the one in Moscow, Russia, […]
Sarojini Naidu's poem on Hussain Sagar likely to be installed at Tank Bund
Responding to a suggestion from heritage enthusiast and architect Asif Ali Khan on Twitter, Urban Development Special Chief Secretary Arvind Kumar said he would look into the suggestion.
Noor Baig's anthology of 10 short stories on Hyderabad, 'A-Quaint-Essences' launched at HLF


სომხეთის ოლქი რუსეთის იმპერიის შემადგენლობაში.
სომხეთი რუსეთის იმპერიაში — 1828 წლის შემდგომი პერიოდი სომხეთის ისტორიაში. აღმოსავლეთი სომხეთი რუსეთის იმპერიის შემადგენლობაში რუსეთ ირანის ომში ირანის მმართველი ყაჯარების იმპერიის დამარცხების და შედეგად დადებული თურქმენჩაის ზავის შემდეგ აღმოჩნდა.
სომხეთი რუსეთის იმპერიის დაშლამდე, 1917 წლამდე შედიოდა მის შემადგენლობაში.
Hovannisian, Richard G. (2004). The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times: Vol. II: Foreign Dominion to Statehood: The Fifteenth Century to the Twentieth Century. Palgrave Macmillan, გვ. 512 pages. ISBN 1-4039-6422-X.
Suny, Ronald Grigor (1993). Looking Toward Ararat: Armenia in Modern History. Indiana University Press, გვ. 304 pages. ISBN 0-253-20773-8.
Ternon, Yves (1996). Les Arméniens. Seuil, გვ. 436 pages. ISBN 2-02-025685-1.
Kurdoghlian, Mihran (1996). Hayots Badmoutioun, B. Hador [Armenian History, volume II] (hy). Athens, Greece: Hradaragutiun Azkayin Oosoomnagan Khorhoortee, გვ. 89–93.
Fisher, William Bayne; Avery, P.; Hambly, G. R. G; Melville, C. (1991) The Cambridge History of Iran. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521200954.
ეს გვერდი ბოლოს დარედაქტირდა: 19:52, 12 თებერვალი 2018.


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The School of Foundation studies, an arm of the institution that would prepare the prospective students for various degrees would start in January, 2017. "The proposed School of Foundation Studies, in terms of standard will be the first of its kind in the Country. The partnership will assist the governor to achieve its lofty ambition. I have links with over 120 countries and this link will be developed to assist the State", Theodorou stated.
Dr Ghalib Fahad was educated at Brighton Polytechnic (now Brighton University) where he graduated with a Postgraduate Diploma in Management Studies (DMS) in 1978. In 1979, he went for further studies to Scotland and undertook a Master's Degree (MSc) in Marketing at the then prestigious Department of Marketing headed by the world famous Professor Michael Baker. In 1980, Dr Fahad was invited personally by Prof Baker to register for the Degree of PhD in Marketing under his personal supervision at Strathclyde University (Glasgow).
In 1983 he was invited to become part of the faculty staff even before completing his Doctorate degree and, in 1985 after completing his PhD, he was given a full-time appointment in the same department. During his tenure there he became Deputy Director of the Master's Degree in Marketing for Industrialising Countries. In 1987, Dr Fahad joined Middlesex University and was appointed the Director of the Full-time MBA programme in European Business. Then in 1991, he developed and headed another Masters (MAMM) programme in marketing for 3 years.
Dr Fahad's academic career involved a diverse set of administrative and external roles including: Acting Head of Department; Link Director/Tutor to various International Institutions linked with Middlesex University including Valencia (Spain), Dubai, Cairo and latterly Budapest; External Examiner for Masters and Doctorate Degree Programmes in various UK universities. In addition, Dr Fahad undertook various consultancy and training roles for both private and public sector organisations during his 23- year tenure at Middlesex University.


text:
Albania: DTA between Albania and Iceland becomes effective
Dorina Asllani Ndreka
Albania and Iceland signed an agreement for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of tax evasion regarding income tax (DTA) on September 26 2014, which was ratified by both countries and entered into force on January 6 2016. Under the treaty provisions, its general implementation has begun as of January 1 2017.
The treaty is the first of this kind between the two countries double taxation of income tax and tax evasion in both countries. The treaty will also be applied to any similar or identical tax that may be imposed in the future by the partner countries.
The agreement creates the legal framework for the information exchange and the cooperation between tax authorities of both countries, as a guarantee for the implementation of the agreement provisions.
The taxes covered in the treaty include personal income tax, corporate profit tax and tax on small business activities in Albania. Whereas, in Iceland, it covers the state income tax and the municipalities' income tax. The competent authorities of both countries will notify each other for any essential change regarding their tax legal framework.
A permanent establishment, as defined by the DTA, will include any construction/building/installation project (or related supervisory activities), the duration of which exceeds six months in a 12-month period. The same duration rule is applicable to the provision of services through personnel engaged for such purpose (aggregate duration exceeding six months).
The withholding tax rate for dividends has been defined as 10% in all cases, except in those cases where there is at least 25% ownership in which case a 5% rate will apply. The standard 10% rate will also apply to interest and royalties payments.
In case a resident of one of the contracting states has income, which in accordance to this treaty's provisions may be taxed in the other contracting state, then the first contracting state will allow a deduction from the resident's tax liability. The deduction is equal to the tax amount paid for this specific income in the other state. However, such a deduction will in no case exceed the income tax calculated before the deduction.
Albania and Iceland are trying to revive their commercial relations. Albania has signed the free trade agreement with EFTA countries, which includes Iceland. The DTA will be of additional help in achieving this objective.
Dorina Asllani Ndreka (tirana@eurofast.eu)
Website: www.eurofast.eu
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Kingscote Barn wedding photography, with the brilliant Rebecca & Jon, complete with stunning details, incredible venue and my favourite type of moody sky . . .
Absolutely brilliant set of images from start to finish.