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Also Known As – VES – Calici virus infection –San Miguel Sea Lion Disease
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{{Podcasts
|link =http://media.bloomsburymediacloud.org/podcasts/wikivet-english/vesicular-exanthema-in-pigs
Also Known As: '''''VES — Calicivirus infection — San Miguel Sea Lion Disease
Caused By – Calicivirus – San Miguel Sea Lion Virus – SMSV
Caused By: Calicivirus — San Miguel Sea Lion Virus — SMSV
'''This disease was eradicated globally in swine in 1959.'''
==Introduction==
[[File:Pig FMD snout.jpg|thumb|200px|right|This is a pig's tongue with vesicles due to FMD that are identical to those caused by VES. Copyright CFSPH Iowa State.]]
Vesicular Exanthema of Swine (VES) was a '''[[Viruses|viral]] disease that affected pigs in America from 1932-1959''', causing a '''similar presentation''' to that of the '''notifiable [[Foot and Mouth Disease]] and massive economic losses'''. The disease only ever occurred in the USA, originating from California, and '''is now eradicated'''. The pathogens involved were '''[[Caliciviridae|caliciviruses]].'''
[[File:FMD Pig foot.jpg|thumb|200px|right|This is a pig's foot showing vesicles due to FMD that are indistinguishable from those caused by VES. Copyright CFSPH Iowa State.]]
Vesicular Exanthema of Swine (VES) was a '''[[Viruses|viral]] disease that affected pigs in America from 1932-1959''', causing a '''similar presentation''' to that of the '''notifiable [[Foot and Mouth Disease]] and massive economic losses'''. The disease only ever occurred in the USA, originating from California, and is now eradicated. The pathogens involved were '''[[Caliciviridae|caliciviruses]].'''
'''Related viruses''' are now isolated from marine mammal species along the USA's pacific coast, now dubbed '''San Miguel Sea Lion Virus (SMSV)''' and are still '''capable of causing vesicular disease in swine''' under experimental conditions.<ref>Smith, A. W., Akers, T. G., Madin, S. H., Vedros, N. A (1973) '''San Miguel sea lion virus isolation, preliminary characterization and relationship to vesicular exanthema of swine virus'''. Nature, 244:108-110</ref>
'''Related viruses''' are now isolated from marine mammal species along the USA's pacific coast, now dubbed '''San Miguel Sea Lion Virus (SMSV)''' and are still '''capable of causing vesicular disease in swine''' under experimental conditions.<ref>Smith, A. W., Akers, T. G., Madin, S. H., Vedros, N. A (1973) '''San Miguel sea lion virus isolation, preliminary characterization and relationship to vesicular exanthema of swine virus'''. ''Nature'', 244:108-110</ref>
There was only ever one case of VES in a human and it was acquired during laboratory work, rather than from an infected animal.
VES was '''only ever seen in pigs''' and its restricted host range was one of its distinguishing factors from FMD.
'''SMSV has a much broader host range''' and has now been isolated from a range of marine mammal species including pinnipeds and cetaceans. Other indistinguishable viruses from SMSV have been reported in reptiles<ref>Smith, A. W., Anderson, M. P., Skilling, D. E., Barlough, J. E., Ensley, P. K (1986) '''First isolation of calicivirus from reptiles and amphibians'''. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 47(8):1718-1721; 37</ref>, cattle<ref> Smith, A. W., Mattson, D. E., Skilling, D. E., Schmitz, J. A (1983) '''Isolation and partial characterization of a calicivirus from calves'''. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 44(5):851-855</ref>, primates<ref>Smith, A. W., Skilling, D. E., Benirschke, K (1985) '''Calicivirus isolation from three species of primates: an incidental finding'''. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 46(10):2197-2199; 28</ref> and skunks<ref>Seal, B. S., Lutze-Wallace, C., Kreutz, L. C., Sapp, T., Dulac, G. C., Neill, J. D (1995) '''Isolation of caliciviruses from skunks that are antigenically and genotypically related to San Miguel sea lion virus'''. Virus Research, 37(1):1-12; 57</ref>.
'''SMSV has a much broader host range''' and has now been isolated from a range of marine mammal species including pinnipeds and cetaceans. Other indistinguishable viruses from SMSV have been reported in reptiles<ref>Smith, A. W., Anderson, M. P., Skilling, D. E., Barlough, J. E., Ensley, P. K (1986) '''First isolation of calicivirus from reptiles and amphibians'''. ''American Journal of Veterinary Research'', 47(8):1718-1721; 37</ref>, cattle<ref> Smith, A. W., Mattson, D. E., Skilling, D. E., Schmitz, J. A (1983) '''Isolation and partial characterization of a calicivirus from calves'''. ''American Journal of Veterinary Research'', 44(5):851-855</ref>, primates<ref>Smith, A. W., Skilling, D. E., Benirschke, K (1985) '''Calicivirus isolation from three species of primates: an incidental finding'''. ''American Journal of Veterinary Research'', 46(10):2197-2199; 28</ref> and skunks<ref>Seal, B. S., Lutze-Wallace, C., Kreutz, L. C., Sapp, T., Dulac, G. C., Neill, J. D (1995) '''Isolation of caliciviruses from skunks that are antigenically and genotypically related to San Miguel sea lion virus'''. ''Virus Research'', 37(1):1-12; 57</ref>.
==Clinical Signs==
'''Differentiation from [[Vesicular Stomatitis Virus]], [[Swine Vesicular Disease]] and [[Foot and Mouth Disease]] was imperative.'''
'''Innoculation''' could be used as a method of differentiation but was time consuming and innoculum supply was inconsistent. Thus, serological methods took over. '''Serum neutralisation, complement fixation and agar gel precipitation''' were all be used. '''PCR''' is also now available.
'''Innoculation''' could be used as a method of differentiation but was time-consuming and innoculum supply was inconsistent. Thus, serological methods took over. '''Serum neutralisation, complement fixation and agar gel precipitation''' were all used. '''PCR''' is also now available.
Histopathology of lesions revealed '''squamous epithelial swelling, pyknosis and karryorhexis'''. As cells died, the virus spread to neighbouring cells. Epithelial cells that were left intact usually showed evidence of '''degeneration and intracellular oedema'''. Haemorrhage and oedema were also seen in the subcutaneous tissues. The '''malphigian layer of the dermis''' where the virus primarily replicated became '''infiltrated with neutrophils and was thus weakened and oedematous, causing the upward displacement of the epidermis above it and thus the characteristic vesicle.'''
'''Local lymph nodes showed extensive destruction of lymphocytes with congestion and oedema'''. Viral replication also occured here and thus virus was readily isolated from these sites.
'''Local lymph nodes showed extensive destruction of lymphocytes with congestion and oedema'''. Viral replication also occurred here and thus virus was readily isolated from these sites.
==Treatment==
Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Vesicular Exanthema datasheet''', accessed 20/07/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
{{CABI source
|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=60394&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 vesicular exanthema of swine] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=90055&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 Calicivirus]
|date = 20 July 2011
{{Mandy Nevel
|date = 09 September 2011
[[Category:To Do - CABI review]]
{{OpenPages}}
[[Category:Musculoskeletal Diseases - Pig]] [[Category:Integumentary Diseases - Pig]] [[Category:Alimentary Diseases - Pig]]
[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]
[[Category:Pig Viruses]]
Listen to Page Podcast or download via iTunes
Also Known As: VES — Calicivirus infection — San Miguel Sea Lion Disease
This disease was eradicated globally in swine in 1959.
3 Signalment
4 Clinical Signs
5 Diagnosis
6 Treatment
7 Control
Vesicular Exanthema of Swine (VES) was a viral disease that affected pigs in America from 1932-1959, causing a similar presentation to that of the notifiable Foot and Mouth Disease and massive economic losses. The disease only ever occurred in the USA, originating from California, and is now eradicated. The pathogens involved were caliciviruses.
Related viruses are now isolated from marine mammal species along the USA's pacific coast, now dubbed San Miguel Sea Lion Virus (SMSV) and are still capable of causing vesicular disease in swine under experimental conditions.[1]
California was the origin of infection, which then spread across the USA.
Transmission of the virus was initially mainly due to the feeding of raw pork scraps to pigs. This was banned in the USA in 1956 and the virus was eradicated by 1959. The virus was also spread by direct contact with infected swine.
The only report of VES outside of the USA was in Iceland and no further incidence was ever reported. This incident was also linked to pigs fed raw garbage containing pork.
SMSV occurs along the USA's pacific coast. It is unknown whether the range and movement of affected species has extended its reach to Russia and Japan but it is possible.
Signalment
VES was only ever seen in pigs and its restricted host range was one of its distinguishing factors from FMD.
SMSV has a much broader host range and has now been isolated from a range of marine mammal species including pinnipeds and cetaceans. Other indistinguishable viruses from SMSV have been reported in reptiles[2], cattle[3], primates[4] and skunks[5].
Vesicular lesions in the oral cavity, snout and on the soles, coronary bands and interdigital areas of the feet were the hallmark of disease in all species affected by these caliciviruses.
The oral lesions caused excessive salivation, tongue protrusion, dysphagia and anorexia due to reduced food intake. Nasal lesions may have caused airway obstruction and associated signs. Once ruptured, the vesicles formed blisters, tears or erosions. Diarrhoea was also seen. Lesions on the limbs were usually at the coronary band and caused swelling, inflammation and lameness.
Pyrexia was a consistent feature in infected pigs.
Abortion also occurs in infected female sea lions.
Differentiation from Vesicular Stomatitis Virus, Swine Vesicular Disease and Foot and Mouth Disease was imperative.
Innoculation could be used as a method of differentiation but was time-consuming and innoculum supply was inconsistent. Thus, serological methods took over. Serum neutralisation, complement fixation and agar gel precipitation were all used. PCR is also now available.
Histopathology of lesions revealed squamous epithelial swelling, pyknosis and karryorhexis. As cells died, the virus spread to neighbouring cells. Epithelial cells that were left intact usually showed evidence of degeneration and intracellular oedema. Haemorrhage and oedema were also seen in the subcutaneous tissues. The malphigian layer of the dermis where the virus primarily replicated became infiltrated with neutrophils and was thus weakened and oedematous, causing the upward displacement of the epidermis above it and thus the characteristic vesicle.
Local lymph nodes showed extensive destruction of lymphocytes with congestion and oedema. Viral replication also occurred here and thus virus was readily isolated from these sites.
There was no treatment for VES but the disease ran its course in 10-14 days and mortalities were low. Palliative care aided and sped up recovery and antibiotics were useful against secondary infections of lesions.
The ban on feeding raw pork garbage to pigs and quarantine protocols were the key features of the successful VES eradication program in the USA.
Monitoring of SMSV in wild populations will be valuable and precautionary.
Vesicular Exanthema - Pig Learning Resources
Test your knowledge using flashcard type questions
Vesicular Exanthema Flashcards
↑ Smith, A. W., Akers, T. G., Madin, S. H., Vedros, N. A (1973) San Miguel sea lion virus isolation, preliminary characterization and relationship to vesicular exanthema of swine virus. Nature, 244:108-110
↑ Smith, A. W., Anderson, M. P., Skilling, D. E., Barlough, J. E., Ensley, P. K (1986) First isolation of calicivirus from reptiles and amphibians. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 47(8):1718-1721; 37
↑ Smith, A. W., Mattson, D. E., Skilling, D. E., Schmitz, J. A (1983) Isolation and partial characterization of a calicivirus from calves. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 44(5):851-855
↑ Smith, A. W., Skilling, D. E., Benirschke, K (1985) Calicivirus isolation from three species of primates: an incidental finding. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 46(10):2197-2199; 28
↑ Seal, B. S., Lutze-Wallace, C., Kreutz, L. C., Sapp, T., Dulac, G. C., Neill, J. D (1995) Isolation of caliciviruses from skunks that are antigenically and genotypically related to San Miguel sea lion virus. Virus Research, 37(1):1-12; 57
This article was originally sourced from The Animal Health & Production Compendium (AHPC) published online by CABI during the OVAL Project.
The datasheet was accessed on 20 July 2011.
This article has been expert reviewed by Dr Mandy Nevel
Date reviewed: 09 September 2011
Retrieved from "https://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Vesicular_Exanthema_-_Pig&oldid=142641"
CABI Expert Review Completed
CABI AHPC Pages
Pig Viruses


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New York|Comcast Seeking to Replace G.E.'s Initials Atop 30 Rock
Comcast Seeking to Replace G.E.'s Initials Atop 30 Rock
New York City's Landmarks Preservation Commission has scheduled a hearing on Comcast's plan to install the company's logo at 30 Rockefeller Plaza.CreditCreditBrian Harkin for The New York Times
By Sam Roberts
Comcast is known for its low-key corporate culture. At its 58-story headquarters, the tallest building in Philadelphia, a boxy glass crown gleams conspicuously but anonymously.
Yet now, as the mass media behemoth lobbies aggressively backstage for federal regulatory approval of its $45 billion acquisition of Time Warner Cable, Comcast is seeking to raise its public profile in New York in vivid fashion.
The out-of-towner wants to plant its name atop one of the city's signature skyscrapers.
Comcast, which last year bought General Electric's remaining 49 percent stake in NBCUniversal, applied for a "certificate of appropriateness" from the city's Landmarks Preservation Commission to replace G.E.'s 24-foot-high initials on 30 Rockefeller Plaza. G.E., now based in Fairfield, Conn., has long had a presence in New York.
Whether another name change will be embraced by the public is arguable. It's been a quarter-century since the two glowing red letters were installed, yet many New Yorkers still refer to it as the RCA Building, after the company that founded the NBC network. The RCA name had capped the 70-story Manhattan landmark, which at 850 feet amounts to the city's tallest billboard (the MetLife Building is considered second), for more than 50 years. When the original letters were first illuminated in 1937, they were hailed as the loftiest neon sign on the planet.
The RCA sign atop 30 Rockefeller Plaza in 1968. The original letters were first illuminated in 1937.CreditAssociated Press
"The idea of changing it now to the Comcast Building," said Carol H. Krinsky, a New York University art history professor and the author of "Rockefeller Center," "strikes me the same way that the change to the G.E. Building name did: 'I'm the new guy on the block and you are nothing anymore.' "
As proposed, more modest 12-foot-high light-emitting diode signs that spell Comcast in white uppercase letters would be installed on the broader north and south limestone exteriors, crowned by 10-foot-high NBC peacock logos. A 17-foot-high peacock would appear by itself on the western facade more or less facing Philadelphia. Measured in overall square feet, the new signs would be slightly more compact than the existing G.E. signs.
A new entrance and marquee would also be installed on Avenue of the Americas to promote "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon." (Among the other shows produced there is "Saturday Night Live," one of whose alumni, Senator Al Franken, a Minnesota Democrat, opposes Comcast's acquisition of Time Warner Cable.)
"Nothing has been finalized yet," Cameron Blanchard, a spokeswoman for NBCUniversal, said of the proposed renovations.
The new sign and marquee were approved on Thursday by the local community board. The preservation commission scheduled a hearing for Tuesday on Comcast's request.
Built by Artkraft Strauss and outfitted with General Electric equipment, the original signs faced north, south and east and symbolized nearly a century of corporate history. In 1919, the Radio Corporation of America was formed by General Electric, which owned it until 1930. RCA and its NBC radio network were among the first tenants of 30 Rockefeller Plaza, just a few months after the stock market crashed in 1929.
A rendering shows 30 Rockefeller Center with a Comcast sign in place of the General Electric initials, which have been on the building since the 1980s.
"I haven't heard anyone call it the G.E. Building except people who are new to New York City," Professor Krinsky said. "The building is really, really the RCA Building, because the Radio Corporation of America saved Mr. Rockefeller's financial neck by entering the project."
The building was renamed for G.E. in 1988, two years after the company reacquired RCA. That same year, G.E. sold WNBC-AM, which left Rockefeller Center's Radio City devoid of radio.
RCA's original sans-serif initials, outlined in amber helium-filled tubes, endured until 1969, when a sleeker red neon version was introduced. Because Rockefeller Center was declared an official city landmark in 1985, General Electric's request to replace the RCA rooftop sign provoked some resistance.
"The perfect solution would have Comcast management buy the rights to the RCA trademark, change the name of their company to RCA and return the original sign to the top of what always was, and always will be, the RCA Building," said Daniel Okrent, author of "Great Fortune: The Epic of Rockefeller Center."
Peg Breen, the president of the New York Landmarks Conservancy, said that since the sign had been changed before, the odds are that the commission will approve another change. "I just hope it's a tasteful sign," she said.
"If it's the G.E. Building now and the owners want to change it to Comcast, O.K., I say with a sigh," Professor Krinsky said, "because it's still not going back to being the RCA Building."
A version of this article appears in print on , Section A, Page 20 of the New York edition with the headline: Comcast Seeking to Replace G.E.'s Initials Atop 30 Rock. Order Reprints | Today's Paper | Subscribe

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Introducing IMAX Bright Young Minds: A free event series for VCE students interested in the STEM fields.
taking place on September 7 at 4pm.
This free event screening is the first in the all-new IMAX Bright Young Minds series of events aimed at providing STEM-facing VCE students with an educational and entertaining afternoon out in the Melbourne Museum precinct, at no cost.
"Here at IMAX we are keen to provide senior students with the opportunity to meet an aspirational individual and watch a related documentary film in the very best format available. We are proud to welcome the extraordinary NASA veteran Marsha Ivins to Melbourne and to introduce her to some of our brightest young minds.
"A BEAUTIFUL PLANET 3D is a spectacular film – it aligns to the Victorian STEM curriculum. Our aim is to inspire the students to really consider a career in the STEM fields", says IMAX Melbourne Museum General Manager Richard Morrison.
Students are invited to arrive after school on September 7 at 3.45pm for a 4pm screening of A BEAUTIFUL PLANET 3D followed by a 30 minute Q & A with Marsha. At the time of registration, students can submit a question for the Q & A session.
IMAX Bright Young Minds will run quarterly with the next screening to take place in January, featuring David Attenborough's MUSEUM ALIVE 3D.


Brian Finkelstein discusses what goes on inside his "How to Hate Yourself" voice. Even though he ran the NY Marathon, has 2 Emmy noms and seems to win every Moth Slam, it somehow persists. INCLUDED is a clip from a recent LIVE "How to Hate Yourself" show at the Hollywood Improv where he explains why he hates LA. He's very wise and I go so far as to compare his tweets to Pema Chodron quotes, to mixed results. Enjoy! You'll never feel sad again.
There are no lists that include "H2HY Brian Finkelstein". You can add this episode to a new or existing list.


text:
Aqua vitae (latim para "água da vida") ou aqua vita é um nome arcaico para uma solução aquosa concentrada de etanol. Esses termos também podem ser aplicados ao etanol fraco sem retificação. O uso foi difundido durante a Idade Média e o Renascimento, embora sua origem seja provavelmente muito anterior. Este termo latino aparece em uma ampla gama de formas dialéticas em todas as terras e povos conquistados pela Roma antiga. Geralmente, o termo é um nome genérico para todos os tipos de destilados, e acabou por se referir especificamente aos destilados de bebidas alcoólicas (licores).

A aqua vitae era tipicamente preparada por destilação de vinho e em textos ingleses também era chamada de aguardente ardente, espírito de vinho, ou espírito de vinho, um nome que poderia ser aplicado ao conhaque que havia sido repetidamente destilado.

O termo foi usado pelo alquimista do século XIV João de Rupescissa, que acreditava que a substância recém-descoberta do etanol era uma "quinta essência" ou quintessência imperecível e vivificante, e que estudou extensivamente suas propriedades médicas.

Aqua vitae era muitas vezes uma fonte etimológica de termos aplicados a importantes destilados produzidos localmente. Exemplos incluem uísque (do gaélico uisce beatha), eau de vie na França, acquavite na Itália e akvavit na Escandinávia, okowita na Polônia, оковита (okovyta) na Ucrânia, акавіта (akavita) na Bielorrússia e яковита (yakovita) em dialetos do sul da Rússia.

Ver também
 Akvavit
 Alquimia
 Água-forte
 Aqua régia
 Uísque
 Vodka

Ligações externas

Bebidas alcoólicas
Palavras, frases e expressões em latim
Alquimia

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text:
Home | Technology
5G footprint widens in China
By Ma Si | China Daily | Updated: 2019-12-27 06:53
A visitor tries a 5G-enabled device of China Mobile during an industry expo in Nantong, Jiangsu province. [Photo by Xu Congjun/for China Daily]
Users of superfast technology to cross 700 million by 2024, says new report
China will see large-scale construction of 5G networks next year, with more interesting applications of the superfast technology rapidly emerging and more than 3 million consumers signing up for 5G mobile data packages by the end of this year, experts said on Thursday.
The comments came as a new report forecast that China will have more than 700 million 5G users by 2024, accounting for more than half of the global 5G population by then.
Wang Zhiqin, deputy director of the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, a government think tank, said in 2020, China's telecom carriers will build 5G networks on a large scale, laying down a sound infrastructure for widening the use of cutting-edge technology.
By the end of this year, there will be more than 3 million 5G users in China, Wang said. The numbers will mark a significant rise from the data in late November when the country had only 870,000 5G mobile subscribers.
China kicked off the commercialization of 5G on October 31, with the country's telecom carriers rolling out their 5G data package plans. China Mobile, the world's largest telecom carrier by mobile subscribers, plans to have more than 50,000 base stations by the end of this year.
China Telecom and China Unicom, two smaller players, have also announced plans to work together to build a nationwide 5G network as the country's second-and third-largest telecom operators join hands to reduce construction costs. As of December, the two companies have already shared 27,000 5G base stations, Wang said.
The comments came after the government think tank published a report which forecast that the commercialization of 5G in China is expected to generate a direct economic output of 10.6 trillion yuan ($1.5 trillion) from 2020 to 2025, and an indirect economic output of about 24.8 trillion yuan.
Yang Jie, chairman of China Mobile, said that: "The 5G butterfly has already fanned its wings and will have a broader economic and social impact."
The company plans to attract 70 million 5G subscribers, and sell 100 million self-brand and third-party 5G smartphones next year.
Yang also said the State-owned company will invest 20 billion yuan ($2.8 billion) next year to build a robust ecosystem for the commercialization of 5G technologies.
Xu Zhijun, rotating chairman of Huawei Technologies Co, said earlier that China has the right conditions to build the world's best 5G network and the global telecom industrial chain can benefit from the country's development.
"China has the best resources in frequency spectrum and base stations. Local consumers and enterprises have some of the highest enthusiasm and willingness to embrace 5G. And the governments have rolled out favorable policies," Xu said.
Xu said that China is likely to have more than 200 million 5G mobile subscribers by 2020, and the fast deployment of 5G tech in the country will benefit global telecom and semiconductor industries.


San Diego, with its warm weather and beautiful beaches, is a very desirable place to live. Therefore, finding housing can sometimes be a challenge. If you prepare early, however, you should be able to find a place to live that suits your needs.


text:
Q: Exclude database ID from DataTables search functionality In a DataTables table, one column contains cells with content of the format:
Searchable and visible name

Only the text between the tags is visible to the user, and I would like only this text to be exposed to the search functionality of DataTables. As it is now everything is searchable, including "href", "a", "<", "26", and so on. How can I fix this?

A: This seems to be a bug in DataTables 1.9.4
http://www.datatables.net/forums/discussion/14530/search-filtering-on-content#Item_2

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text:
Q:  inside a form at the end of my web <form> there are two buttons - one is <input type="submit"> and another is just <button>. the problem is that if I click <button>, it submits all the form. I wanted to assign some javascript function to that button instead of submitting, but since it auto-submits I can't do anything. How can I fix this?

A: Explain button type as button because by default it is submit
 <button type=button>Submit</button>

A: Make the type as button and you can add onclick event to call javascript function.
 <button type="button" onclick='alert(1);'></button>

A: The onclick must return false to denote it will not Submit, true will denote , it will Submit the form.
<button name="button1" onclick="button1_clicked();return false;">Click Me</button>


Lynn Whitfield shaved her head when she was a student at Howard University.
The award-winning actor told Newsweek she went to college with a head full of beautiful hair, often worn in pretty curls and slicked-back styles. Then she arrived on campus and fell in love with the college community's Afrocentricism. Seeing so many young people wearing their natural hair and afros, along with the art renaissance sweeping Washington D.C. at the time, inspired her to embrace her own natural features, which resulted in her chopping off the luxurious locks that had essentially defined her adolescence.
Considering her own experience in making the big chop, it's surprising to see Whitfield's incredibly dramatic (and also really funny) reaction to Sanaa Lathan's freshly shaved head in Netflix's new movie, Nappily Ever After. Of course, Whitfield is just putting on for the role of Pauletta Jones— the pretentious and slightly overbearing mother of Lathan's Violet Jones—but the legendary actor plays out the scene so impeccably it's as if it was her own daughter who answers the door suddenly and intentionally bald.
Whitfield did have some personal inspiration to draw from when filming the scene, and she recalled her own mother's theatrics when she arrived home from college during the holidays without her signature long hair. "My mother was at work and when she came home I go and open the door for her and she looks at me and says, 'Oh lord have mercy! All that beautiful hair!" And she fell into the wall and started sliding down, very dramatic," Whitfield told Newsweek. "She cried. She was so upset. She really did hold it against me because it was so drastic, and I think that's a lot of what Nappily is about, how we're perceived."
Based on the 1998 book of the same title by Trisha Thomas, Nappily Ever After on the surface seems like a movie simply about a woman facing some sort of an early midlife crisis and deciding to shave her head bald following a marriage proposal that never actually happens and too many drinks.
Whitfield says it's much deeper than that and suggested the film is a "provocative, inspiring and transformative" view of how women sublimate the way others will perceive and interpret them. "So many times what we're doing with our hair, what we're doing with our look, is all about what somebody else will think or feel based upon what we've done to ourselves or how we're presenting ourselves," the 65-year-old said.
She continued: "This book and movie are all about self-love and self-acceptance, and getting to how we perceive and accept ourselves and less about trying to answer to the image we think people want to see."
Typical beauty standards have glorified fair-skinned, long and straight-haired women for centuries, and mothers like the one Whitfield portrays in Nappily Ever After have played a pivotal role in the pressure women face trying to subscribe to that perfect image. The film holds no bars in depicting how Violet's need to appear perfect stems from what her mother projects onto her and it's essentially the crux of her decision to shave off all her hair.
"The mother-daughter relationship in Nappily was about a mother living vicariously through her child," Whitfield explained. "[Pauletta] is into the fairytale. Marry a prince and live happily ever after and be this perfect couple, because she married a nice man but she didn't get all of the trappings that she wants for her daughter. She's living through her daughter and wanting all of that for her, and a lot of moms do that."
Viewers will have to see for themselves how Violet's relationships are altered after she makes the big chop—including the one with her mother—but as her story unfolds, Nappily Ever After becomes more of a testament of self-reflection and finding empowerment and healing in authenticity that is all too timely.
"The nature of [being a] woman is that we can adorn ourselves. I think the question is whether we're adorning ourselves for ourselves or for the result or response we might get from someone else," Whitfield said. "I think we're entering a period where more people are looking into the personal journey of shedding the standard for how we express ourselves."
Nappily Ever After releases on Netflix on Friday.


Breathtaking all brick custom home sits on a quiet cul-de-sac in desirable Grandin Hall! This executive home has it all, gorgeous interior w.tons of natural light, hardwoods on the main, Gourmet Kitchen w/granite counter, SS appliances, butler's pantry & large center island. Light & airy Master Ste w/his & her vanities, walk-in shower, separate tub & walk-in closet, convenient upstairs laundry rm & 3 full baths. Retreat to the lower level to relax & entertain in style around the fantastic bar. Forget the gym & workout in the privacy of your own personal gym, & this space also includes guest suites. Enjoy outdoor living at its finest on the covered patio in the private backyard w/aluminum fence, 4-car garage w/epoxy floor & tons of storage.


As from April, new claw back provisions will apply to exit payments made to higher paid public sector workers. Separate proposals to impose a financial cap on all public sector exit payments are already far advanced.
As from April 2016, public sector workers earning at least £80,000 will be subject to new rules about the repayment of their exit payments if they get a new public sector job within a year.
All exit payments will be capped at £95,000, which includes almost all payments made on the termination of the contract. The Government has not yet announced the implementation timetable, but if the legislation is not ready in April, it is likely to become effective later in 2016.
The following are the key provisions extracted from the final draft of the regulations published in December 2015. It is possible that further last minute changes will be made before they are laid before Parliament.
The new rules will apply to exit payments made by public authorities to employees earning at least £80,000 pa.
The obligation to repay is triggered if the recipient gets a new position in the public sector – which can be employed or self-employed – within a year of the date their previous employment ended.
There will be a comprehensive list of all the public sector organisations to which these new provisions will apply in a schedule to the regulations. They will apply to all local authorities, central government organisations and NHS bodies as well as most publicly funded schools and a number of quasi-governmental bodies. They will not apply to universities, nationalised banks or public service broadcasters.
Repayment will be on a sliding scale, depending on what proportion of the year has elapsed. A further adjustment will be made if the new job has fewer standard weekly hours than the old one.
Not all the elements in these exit payments are subject to claw-back. Payments in lieu of notice or in respect of accrued holiday pay will not be caught. However most other elements will be included, including contractual redundancy payments, voluntary severance payments and payments made by the employer to reduce actuarial reductions in pensions on early retirement.
It appears that in any event the employee will be entitled to retain the equivalent of the statutory redundancy payment, though the regulations are not wholly clear on this point.
There are comprehensive record keeping and notification provisions.
Recipients will not be able to start their new job until "relevant arrangements" have been made with the former employer to repay the money. If the recipient fails to honour these arrangements, the new employer is expected to consider dismissing the recipient. If the new employer decides not to dismiss, its reasons must be recorded.
Ministers and local authority councils will have power to issue a waiver of the requirement to repay. Ministers are required to exercise these powers in accordance with any written directions issued by the Treasury.
The proposals for an overall cap on exit payments have not been refined in so much detail. What follows is a broad outline of what is currently proposed, based on the consultation draft of the regulations published in November 2015.
The amount of the cap will be set at £95,000. Most payments made to a public sector employee as part of an exit package will be in scope.
Payments in respect of accrued holiday pay and contractual bonus payments will not count towards the cap. However, despite lobbying, the Government has insisted that all other contractual payments, including pay in lieu of notice, should count towards the cap.
The Government has so far declined to make any exceptions for long-serving employees, or to exclude the cost to the employer of providing an early unreduced pension from the calculation. However contractual exit payments made to employees with protected TUPE terms will be exempt from the cap.
Although there is no mention of this in the response to consultation, the draft regulations state that regardless of the other restrictions on the amount of the payment, an employee will in any event be entitled to receive a statutory redundancy payment or its equivalent.
As with the claw-back provisions, there will be a waiver process for exceptional circumstances and similar record keeping obligations will apply.
Although the precise details have not been published, it is likely that the cap will apply to the same range of organisations as those that will be subject to the claw-back regulations.
In both cases the new rules will apply in addition to any current rules about repayment of exit payments, or regulating the maximum amount of severance payments. The Government states that the aim of these new regulations is to set out minimum requirements, with individual employers able to agree more stringent restrictions with their workforce.
However in many cases the new rules are likely to clash with contractual obligations currently owed to public sector employees, whether under their individual contracts of employment, under collective agreements or under the rules of the pension scheme they belong to. It seems that the regulations are intended to over-ride contractual obligations, but we believe that further regulations will be required to modify any pension scheme rules that are inconsistent with the cap.
Enforcing the clawback provisions is likely to cause friction between the former employer and the new employer, since their interests are likely to clash. The former employer will wish to ensure that it complies with its obligations to claw-back the payment, while the new employer will wish to remove any obstacles to recruiting its chosen member of staff.
Clawback will be particularly difficult to enforce where the employee is expected to pay back the cost of providing an early unreduced pension, since this does not reflect money the employee will have actually received.
While the clawback regulations will only affect relatively highly paid employees, there is no similar restriction on the application of the cap. That has the potential to catch long-serving employees on relatively low grades, in effect depriving them of some of their contractual redundancy entitlement. Similar difficulties will arise where such employees are entitled to an unreduced pension on early retirement.


The DfL and DdL tools export their data to a suite of advanced software that provides accurate reconstruction of pipeline data in multiple views, which facilitates the best analysis in the industry. Our software also provides reports with a multitude of output options – all Modified B31G values including Effective Area, Risk Assessment (growth, reliability, etc) – and full customization for any parameters required.
Pig Prog II Presenter is a breakthrough in data analysis software that allows you to visualize and analyze your pipeline integrity. You can interact with your pipeline data, and analyze and create interactive views that provide crucial information. It's completely intuitive, yet complex enough to give you all of the information you need.
The Reports Tab allows you to explore data content, including debris, deformation, and metal loss listings.
The 3D view displays a section of the pipe based on the left and right cursor placement in the Line Chart. This view is most frequently used as it has many features and functions for optimal data analysis.
The Analysis Detail box displays the Enduro Station Number, Projected Station Number, and events with analysis details such as metal loss, deformations and features.
Pig Prog II Presenter allows you to view/export/print any of the "Dig Sheets" or "Data Reports" à la carte to assist field personnel in locating excavation points.


he might have cancer or AIDS..
Legit. Agepill even for genetic elite hits hard after 50s.
There's no point in living past that.
(07-25-2018, 01:53 PM)reeve24 Wrote: Legit. Agepill even for genetic elite hits hard after 50s.
He smokes and most likely has had a lot of fun back in the day. Probably didn't pay attention to nutrition and skincare as well. Look at Tom Cruise, though. He seems like a square guy and he looks WAY better.
dressing like an unfashionable 20 year old with trashy tattoos, pearicings, and what looks like a shaved head makes him look seriously bad, he legitlooks worse than many homeless meth addicts now.
Yes he could, just on the basis of his fame and legacy.
But why would he take the risk of them exposing him? If he wants JBs then he's better off getting child prostitutes from his jewish Hollywood contacts.
He believes in beauty. He's Venus as a boy.
IPD mogged by a girl.


Canada is famous for its stunning vistas, from the Arctic shores to the Rocky Mountains. But that's not all the country has to boast about. It also has engrossing cities, rich wildlife and some of the friendliest people on Earth.
Explore more of Canada with The Rough Guide to Canada. Subscribe to the for more inspirational travel videos. Book hostels for your trip, and don't forget to purchase travel insurance before you go.


Purchase Ledger Clerk job based in Birmingham paying up to £23,000 An exciting purchase ledger clerk role in Birmingham has arisen at a leading company, to work within their expanding team due to the continued success of the business.
You will provide a professional and timely accounting services in respect to all payments of invoices through the purchase ledger. This is a growing team with scope for progression, development and continuous improvement.
• Dealing with all purchase invoices received for the firm daily. Making sure these are date stamped before distributing to the relevant authorisers for coding and authorising.
• Ensuring that all invoices are received back into the accounts department without delay and checking all information provided is correct and coded to the correct codes.
• Inputting all invoices onto the accounts system on the relevant suppliers checking for any duplication and ensuring all narrative information is keyed on the system for management accounts. Producing a weekly "payments due" report for approval off the Finance Director for all payments to be made.
• Ensuring all invoices approved by the FD are retrieved for payment and balanced before requesting the payments to be made by the cashiering team.
• Inputting all payments made onto the accounting system and balances before monies are released from the bank via BACS.
• Liaising with all suppliers on a regular basis to answer any queries and ensuring regular statements are received and balanced.
• Previous experience working within an accounts payable function.
• Computer literate, ideally with sound experience of MS Word and MS Excel functionality.
• Previous experience dealing with multi-currency invoices.
• Good knowledge of VAT basics.
• High degree of numeracy.
• Sound communication skills and ability to communicate clearly, effectively and appropriately at all levels.
• Flexibility and ability to work under pressure.
This is an excellent opportunity to work with a leading organisation, gain valuable experience and develop skills in an exciting, challenging role. The organisation has an excellent reputation amongst clients and staff and is recognised as one of the leaders in their field. With excellent benefits and a competitive salary, this role is ideal for a motivated, enthusiastic candidate. The company is also committed to developing and training their people to the highest standards.


212 2 Avenue Northeast is in the city of Calgary, Alberta and situated in the neighbourhood of Crescent Heights in Calgary. Renfrew, Bridgeland and Calgary are nearby neighborhoods. 2 Avenue has 5 homes presently on the market, while the area of Crescent Heights has 51 properties on the market. That's just 0.74% of the 6,936 total listings on the market in the city of Calgary. To live in Crescent Heights an approximate monthly mortgage of $1,904 is normal.* Homes list for an average of $521,686. That is 1.1x the average list price of $454,628 in Calgary. Homes listed in Crescent Heights are an average of 1,250 sq ft, with 2 beds and 2 baths. The neighbourhood around 212 2 Avenue Northeast has more houses for sale than apartments. The 4 bed, 3 bath house for sale at 1303 Colborne Crescent Sw, Upper Mount Royal, Calgary is comparable and listed at $1,345,000. Another similar home is the 4 bed, 2 bath house located at 1122 Levis Avenue Southwest, Calgary and priced for sale at $1,495,000.
In love with the neighbourhood? There are 15 Crescent Heights houses on the market. On top of that, there are 3613 Calgary houses for sale.
This detached home is located at 212 2 Avenue.


We were on the money last week when we tipped Michael van Gerwen and Peter Wright both to come out of their respective clashes with Gary Anderson and Raymond van Barneveld victorious.
And we're equally as confident in our 2.78/1 double for Finals Night at the O2 Arena.
In truth, we're struggling to pick a winner from either tie, as MVG faces two-time world champ, Gary Anderson and Peter Wright comes up against Phil Taylor.
But there are more markets than the Match Betting, and we're taking full advantage of that this week.
Ask yourself this: can you really see either of these players losing by four or more legs?
More often than not, Van Gerwen and Anderson enjoy relatively close encounters, and that's exactly what we're anticipating here.
They actually met at this stage three years ago, where only a leg separated them, while the Flying Scotsman got the better of Might Mike in 2015's final.
With that in mind, don't be surprised to see this one go the distance. And if that happens, we're 50% of the way towards a winning bet.
In short, this quartet (on their day) are as good as each other – or rather Anderson can match MVG as Taylor can match Wright.
This is the first time Snakebite has reached this stage of a Premier League competition, although no one would back against him based on recent form.
He does, however, face a man who's been in this position so many times in the past that we've lost count. Put simply, The Power will not be brushed aside.
That makes for a close encounter on paper, and that's exactly what we're expecting when these two take to the oche.
Fancy this as a double? Click here for a full list of Premier League Darts odds.


text:
package org.jitsi.impl.neomedia.transform;

import javax.media.rtp.*;

/**
 * Defines the public application programming interface (API) of an
 * {@code OutputDataStream} which applies transformations via a
 * {@code PacketTranformer} to the data written into it.
 *
 * @author Lyubomir Marinov
 */
public interface TransformOutputStream
    extends OutputDataStream
{
    /**
     * Gets the {@code PacketTransformer} used by this instance to transform
     * {@code RawPacket}s.
     *
     * @return the {@code PacketTransformer} used by this instance to transform
     * {@code RawPacket}s
     */
    public PacketTransformer getTransformer();

    /**
     * Sets the {@code PacketTransformer} to be used by this instance to
     * transform {@code RawPacket}s.
     *
     * @param transformer the {@code PacketTransformer} to be used by this
     * instance to transform {@code RawPacket}s
     */
    public void setTransformer(PacketTransformer transformer);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Definition of a Petri net nets
Application Application: to Entity entity reaction networks
Stochastic Petri nets
Petri nets are a simple model of computation, which have a diverse range of applications to modelling processes such as chemical reaction networks and population biology dynamics. They are a kind of dataflow graph through which entities called tokens percolate and have their types transformed. They also have intriguing some very interesting and charming mathematical properties, and which are the subject of an extensive literature literature. has been developed about them. See the Network Theory series on the Azimuth Blog for an exciting and in-depth treatment of the applications and the theory. Those articles are also recommended for the good pictures they contain, showing the Petri net diagrams and the way the tokens flow through them.
In these this series of articles, we will approach study Petri nets with the aim of learning the concepts in order to write programs that put them to work. They We are aim pitched for a readership that includes anyone who is interested in using software to an think audience about of problems and solve them. That would include coding enthusiasts, programmers, software engineers, computer scientists, and scientists interested in programming. They The contain articles will (1) present tutorial material, along in with a semi-rigorous format, (2) give working conceptual programs that exercise the concepts, and an (3) analytical perform a concept-based dissection of these the programs. code. Such These will be "toy" programs that actually work. Hopefully, they will give the reader some "clay" clay to work with.
In this first article we introduce Petri nets and then give a small program that to simulates simulate them. The application simulation shown will simulate be the applied behavior to of a highly simplistic yet interesting model of a chemical reaction network involving that Hydrogen, involves Oxygen the synthesis of water molecules from hydrogen and water. oxygen, along with the opposite reaction that dissociates water molecules. We will see that it doesn't take that much to get build started with a nice Petri net. net with substantive content.
A Petri net is a diagram with two kinds of nodes: passive container nodes, called species (aka "places" aka or "states"), which can hold zero or moretokens, and active process nodes, called transitions. Each transition is "wired" to some containers called its inputs , and some others called itsoutputs . A transition may can have multiple input connections to the a same single input container, or and multiple output container. connections as well.
Note: the there various are terms several names that are used for the containers (species/places/states) (species, places, states), each make of which makes sense in the its right own application context, context. but We can will be confusing calling them "species," but in others. this Just section for the following paragraphs, we use continue with the agnostic neutral term "container."
When the a transitionfires , it removes one token from each of its input containers, container, and adds one token to each of its outputs. output When containers. a If transition there takes are multiple inputs from the same container, when then it fires, it removes that many tokens get removed from the input container. container; If similarly, if there are multiple connections to an output container, then upon that firing, many multiple tokens are added to the output. output A container. transition isenabled if there are a sufficient number of tokens at its input containers. The condition of the Petri net is described by a labelling function that maps each container to the number of tokens that it holds.
DataflowThe total state of the Petri net is characterized by a arises when one transition outputs tokens to a container that is the input for another transition. But note that the sequencing of transitions is labellingnon-deterministic function that maps each container to the number of tokens that it holds. Given a labelling, we say that a transition is : in any given configuration of tokens in the containers, there may be multiple transitions that are enabled, and so there is not a unique execution sequence that is determined. If zero transitions are enabled, then the net is enabled to fire if there are a sufficient number of tokens at each of its input containers. If no transitions are enabled in a labelling, then its evolution has reached a dead-end, and we say that it is halted.
This model of computation is non-deterministic. Given a labelling, which gives the token count at each of the containers, there may be multiple transitions which are enabled. Therefore, there is not a unique execution sequence that is determined.
Petri nets can describe reaction networks that consist of entities belonging to different Dataflowspecies arises when one transition outputs tokens to a container that is input to another transition., with "reactions" that transform entities of the input species into entities of the output species. Each token represents an entity, each container holds all the entities for some species, and each reaction is represented by transition that converts input tokens into output tokens.
We now describe two of the model applications from the Network Theory page, in the areas of (1) chemical reaction networks and (2) population biology dynamics. They are purposely simplistic, because they are intended to drive home the idea of how to apply Petri nets to entity reaction networks. By the way, the Network Theory pages provide nice pictures that show the Petri nets as diagrams, and how the tokens flow through them.
Application: Entity reaction networks
Petri nets can describe reaction networks that consist of entities belonging to different species, with "reactions" that transform entities of the input species into entities of the output species. Here, there is one token for each entity; each container holds all the entities for some species; and each reaction is represented by transition that converts input tokens into output tokens.
We now describe two of the model applications from the Network Theory page, in the areas of (1) chemical reaction networks and (2) population biology dynamics. They are purposely simplistic, because they are intended to drive home the idea of how to apply Petri nets to entity reaction networks.
Population biology dynamics.
There are two species, Rabbit and Wolf.
The transition Birth takes one input from Rabbit, and sends two outputs to Rabbit. (Think of asexual reproduction.)
The transition Predation takes one input from Rabbit and one from Wolf, and sends two outputs to Wolf. (Wolf eats rabbit, and then reproduces asexually.)
The transition Death has one input from Wolf, and zero outputs.
Chemical reaction networks. Here Each the token tokens stands represent for molecules a molecule in the system, the containers represent the species of the molecules, and the transitions represent chemical reactions that convert "tokens" molecule-tokens of the input species into tokens molecule-tokens of the output species. Here is the model for water formation and dissociation:
There Three are species: three species, H, O, and H2O.
There Transition "Combine" is one transition "Combine", for the process of forming one H2O molecule from two H atoms and one O atom. (Unrealistic, for starters, because the real reaction involves H2 and O2, but never mind – we are exercising a model of computation.) So the the transition takes two inputs from the H container that holds the H tokens, takes one input from the O container, and sends one output to the H2O container.
Transition "Split" is the reverse process.
The program will input a net specification…
The application will be for a chemical reaction network with two transitions: simplistic formation of water molecules, and reverse transition, simplistic dissociation of water molecules. – as described above.
Let's start running the program:
./petri1.py
[Explain output]
You input transition specifications, and an initial labelling of the states. It then repeatedly chooses an enabled transition, and prints the labelling.
Here is the data for the Petri net under specification:
[TODO: change state to species]
We represent states by their names (strings), and use classes for Transition and Petri net.
A Petri net object has a member that holds the current labelling, which is a map from stateName to the token count.
The chief data in the Petri net classes are the Transition objects, and the labeling, which describes the current configuration of the net.
The Transition object contains two maps… Transition exposes two key methods, both of which operate on labellings: isEnabled takes a labeling as parameter, and returns a boolean saying whether it is enabled to fire. This is determined by comparing the input map for the transition with the token counts in the labeling, to see if there is sufficient tokens for it to fire.
The constructor for the Petri net class takes the transition specifications, and "digests" them into the initial data structures used in the simulation. This involves constructing Transition objects for each of the transitions.
Each transition object contains a map (dictionary) from input state name to the number of times that the state is input to the transition, and an output map with the same structure.
The PetriNet class contains the list of state names, the list of transition names, the current labelling, which maps state names to integers, and a map from transition names to Transition objects.
The fire method takes a labeling in, and performs the action indicated by the transition: it removes tokens from the input, and adds tokens to the output. It modifies the labelling, decreasing the values for the input states, and increasing the values for the output states.
Here is the Transition class:
Now that our Petri net is equipped with a labelling and a list of Transitions, each with an isEnabled and fire method, it has everything that it needs to fire a rule: pick a transition, check if it is enabled in the current labelling, and if so, call the Fire method on the transition, to update the labelling to the new state. All that is left for running a simulation is to specify a rule for choosing which enabled transition to fire: For this, our first program, we will just choose a random transition.
The toplevel entry point is the method runSimulation, which takes the initial labelling, and a number of states to iterate.
Here is the main Petri net class:
Note that the PetriNet inherits from a base class PetriNetDataStructures. This base class was separated for clarity, and contains the "housekeeping" methods needed to support PetriNet: printHeader, printLabelling, and, not to be forgotten, the constructor, which converts the specifications '[combine,2,H etc. into the actual transition objects. Here is the code for it:]
# Author line
We've learned a cool new idea, and how to do something cool with it. This is only the beginning, in terms of the applications and the theory.
There is an important limitation to our current program: it just randomly picks a rule. In our example, the system just made a kind of random walk (back and forth) between the states of full dissociation – all H and O atoms, no H2O molecules – and all H2O molecules. But in a real system, the rates at which the transitions fires are probabilistically determined, and depend, among other things, on the temperature of the system. With a high probability for formation, and a low probability for dissociation, we would expect the system to reach an equilibrium state in which H2O is the predominant "token" in the system. [The relative concentration of H20 would depend on the relative probabilities of the transitions.]
This gives motivation for the topic of our next article, which is stochastic Petri nets.
The sample programs here are in Python, which is a good language for simple proof-of-concept programs.
You have a few options to choose from, in terms of distributions:
If you are on a Linux/unix type of system, it may already be installed, or use the package manager to install it.
In Windows, you can use the version from the python.org web site. Alternatively, install cygwin, and choose Python on the setup menu, and then you can try to pretend that you are working in a nix system.
Another interesting distribution is [from] Enthought, which comes pre-built with an open-source scientific and numeric computing environment, scipy, numpy, matplotlib, …
The program is distributed as a self-contained script, so from Linux and cygwin, you can just execute ./petri1.py. You just have to adjust the first line to point to the interpreter. Even from cygwin, you can refer to the native python executable, or the enthought distribution.
Network Theory
Petri Nets – Wikipedia
enthought


text:
New & Forthcoming Titles | International Perspectives in Geography
New & Forthcoming Titles
Home > New & Forthcoming Titles
International Perspectives in Geography
AJG Library
Editor-in-chief: Murayama, Yuji
Series Editors: Arai, Y., Araki, H., Haruyama, S., Himiyama, Y., Kawabata, M., Komeie, T., Matsumoto, J., Oguchi, T., Sugai, T., Suzuki, A., Watanabe, T., Yagasaki, N., Yokoyama, S.
The AJG Library is published by Springer under the auspices of the Association of Japanese Geographers. This is a scholarly series of international standing. Given the multidisciplinary nature of geography, the objective of the series is to provide an invaluable source of information not only for geographers, but also for students, researchers, teachers, administrators, and professionals outside the discipline. Strong emphasis is placed on the theoretical and empirical understanding of the changing relationships between nature and human activities. The overall aim of the series is to provide readers throughout the world with stimulating and up-to-date scientific outcomes mainly by Japanese and other Asian geographers. Thus, an "Asian" flavor different from the Western way of thinking may be reflected in this series. The AJG Library will be available both in print and online via SpringerLink.
About the AJG
The Association of Japanese Geographers (AJG), founded in 1925, is one of the largest and leading organizations on geographical research in Asia and the Pacific Rim today, with around 3000 members. AJG is devoted to promoting research on various aspects of human and physical geography and contributing to academic development through exchanges of information and knowledge with relevant internal and external academic communities. Members are tackling contemporary issues such as global warming, air/water pollution, natural disasters, rapid urbanization, irregular land-use changes, and regional disparities through comprehensive investigation into the earth and its people. In addition, to make the next generation aware of these academic achievements, the members are engaged in teaching and outreach activities of spreading geographical awareness. With the recent developments and much improved international linkages, AJG launches the publication of the AJG Library series in 2012.
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text:
Q: Keep namespacing of a controller when including a model in Rails I am trying to keep the namespace of a class when including a module.
Lets say I have these Models:
class Shop < ApplicationRecord
  self.abstract_class = true
end
class A::Shop < ::Shop
end
class B::Shop < ::Shop
end

And this controller:
module A
  class ShopController < AuthenticatedController
    include Basic::Features
    def test
      p Shop.new #YES! its a A::Shop
    end
  end
end

And this Module:
module Basic
  module Features
    def test
      p Shop.new  #Shop (abstract)
    end
  end
end

In the above example, the namespace is overwritten when including the module.
As I want to use the Basic::Features module at multiple places in my codebase, I would like to automatically switch between A::Shop and B::Shop when including it in the controller.
Anybody any idea if this is possible, and how.

A: Here is one option:
module Basic
  module Features
    def test
      p Object.const_get('::' + self.class.to_s.split('::').first + '::Shop')
    end
  end
end

It will not work if you have deeper namespaces, e.g. A::B::Shop, but it could be made to work. Also in rails you could use deconstantize instead of split.
I think the reason you code does not work is because it is looking in A::ShopController namespace and since not found it then tries the root namespace, ::, and finds Shop.


text:
Watch: Driver Fired After Pulling This 'Splash' Prank
By Jack Davis August 1, 2018 at 7:37am
A Canadian truck driver who thought dousing pedestrians would be a wonderful way to pass the time has lost his job after video of his antics was released.
Dashcam footage posted Friday on YouTube shows a large while Ford truck with a ladder and other items atop driving toward puddles when pedestrians were walking near them, and then showering those walking past with water, Fox News reported.
The hunt for the culprit began almost immediately because the van had the name of an Ottawa contractor, Black & McDonald Limited, that was visible in the video, which has been viewed more than 1 million times.
Ottawa police Sgt. Mark Gatien said Friday that this was more than just a prank, the Ottawa Sun reported. Gatien said that the driver could face a criminal charge of mischief.
"There's no doubt it was deliberate," Gatien said. He said he was concerned some of the pedestrians could have been injured.
"They might've gotten hurt, so the driver could be hit with an assault charge as well," he said
In a tweet Saturday, Gatien went public and asked Black and McDonald to "give up" the driver's name.
Ok. Black and MacDonald. If you would like to contact me at 613-236-1222 ex 3875 and give up the drivers name for this incident (s). I'm am sure management is not impressed just like thousands who will see this with your name on the van.
— Sgt Mark Gatien (@gatienmc) July 28, 2018
"I'm sure management is not impressed, just like thousands who will see this with your name on the van," Gatien tweeted.
Did this driver deserve to be fired?
At first, Black and McDonald spokesman Tareq Ali said the company took "the strongest possible" disciplinary action against the driver, but would not detail what it did.
"This is an isolated incident. We have a very good record and public safety is our No. 1 priority," he said. "This is very unfortunate and we want to apologize to the public."
Later on, however, the company posted messages on Facebook and Twitter explaining that the driver was fired.
"We apologize to everyone impacted by the recent incident of unacceptable driving by one of our drivers in Ottawa. We want to reassure the public that safety is our #1 priority. This individual is no longer employed with us," the company tweeted Saturday.
We apologize to everyone impacted by the recent incident of unacceptable driving by one of our drivers in Ottawa. We want to reassure the public that safety is our #1 priority. This individual is no longer employed with us. @CFRAOttawa @CTV @globalnews
— Black & McDonald (@bandmlimited) July 29, 2018
Gatien thanked the company for "their quick and decisive action," and also thanked a patrol officer "who assisted in this outcome."
Update on the Van Splashing Incident. I would like to thank Black & MacDonald Ottawa Div. for their quick and decisive action in this matter. The driver of this van has been terminated from the company. I would also like to thank a patrol Officer who assisted in this outcome.
Ottawa police said Monday that in the end, no charges were filed, Global News reported.
Canada, viral, world news


What is the ZEOvit system?
ZEOvit is a ultra low nutrient system that utilizes bacteria to help eliminate excess nutrients. The concept is to help provide an environment for our corals much closer to natural seawater than is found in a standard tank by reducing problem nutrients like nitrate and phosphate without affecting other parameters like calcium, alkalinity or magnesium.
Most aquarists look at the Korallen-Zucht ZEOvit system like a two step process. The first stage is using the ZEOvit reactor with ZEOlites, ZEObak, ZEOfood and ZEOStart (the basic four) to create a ultra low nutrient environment. The second step is to develop ideal coloration, health and growth using some of their additives based on amino acids, minerals, foods and other additives.
Korallen-Zucht offers a wide verity of products but there are only four basic elements to the ZEOvit system. You will need a reactor for the ZEOlites and run carbon 24/7 but other than that these are the only four items you will need to get started.
ZEOlites - These are a group of natural occurring minerals that have the ability to adsorb, ion exchange or retain molecules. The KZ mix consists of three different ZEOlites chosen for their ability to reduce toxins in a balanced manor. The ZEOlites do get consumed and should be replaced every 6-12 weeks depending on the tanks nutrient load. Use 1 liter of ZEOlite per 100 gallons of water.
ZEObak Mircooanism solution – This liquid additive contains a verity of bacterial strains that form the proper chain for nutrient reduction. This product is used during the intial stages of starting a zeovit system as well as every time you replace the ZEOlites. It is also recommended to dose once or twice weekly to help maintain the microgoranisms.
ZEOfood combination of bacteria and coral food - This product is designed to be food for the dosed microorganisms to help them multiply as well as provide a food source for corals. ZEOfood is primarly composed of amino acids and vitamins which enable corals to uptake necessary nutrients which leads to a natural brilliant coloration.
ZEOstart bacteria food – A liquid nutrition source that promotes the reproduction of all nitrifying bacteria in the aquarium. Addition of ZEOstart to the system is very effective at reducing phosphate and nitrate.
It is recommended to not use any other type of phosphate remover such as GFO or aluminum based compounds. The ZEOvit system alone is fully capable of maintaining ultra low phosphate levels.
The protein skimmer is a critical component of the ZEOvit system. Be sure you are maintaining and cleaning it properly.
Lighting is also a critical component. They suggest using primary bulbs in the 10-14k range and supplementing with other bulbs in the bluer spectrum if necessary.
It is also critical to use RO/DI water for water changes and top of water to reduce the nutrients added to the system.
Limit the other additives dosed to the tank to reduce. The ZEOvit line has a variety of their own additives which as all based on adding very small amounts slowly and the rest is taken care of with a good water change schedule and quality salt mix.


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Copyright © Rainsburg Armchair By Red Barrel Studio in Coffee Tables All right reserved.


text:
Fournier Family Crest, Coat of Arms and Name History
Fournier Coat of Arms Gallery
French in origin, the surname Fournier which was derived from the Latin "furnarius" translates to mean "baker" in English, therefore the name is occupational. The Americanized version of the name is Fuller. In its earliest incarnation the surname would have referred to someone who tended the oven (fourneau) fires in the kitchen of a castle, manor home, or the likes. As such, the person assigned this duty would usually be responsible for the baking of bread as well. During the progression of time, fewer and fewer households made their own bread, thus making the skills of a baker a valued commodity leading some bakers to open their own shops to meet the demand for bread and baked goods. Few occupations which have been put to use as a surname have retained their popularity throughout the ages.
In Europe the practice of using surnames was most commonly attributed to the French aristocracy. However, it was not until the middle ages that the practice took hold for the general population. Up until that era, the only people who engaged in the practice were the nobility but as communities grew and immigration became more prevalent the adoption of the practice of using surnames by the general population served several practical purposes. It gave governments a reliable way to track people for tax and census purposes and it made distinguishing one person from another easier. Those not of the noble class would often be identified by their given name plus their occupation while others may have been identified by their given name and one of their parent's names. Others may have used surnames which derived from a defining physical trait or a familiar geographical location, a topographical landmark found near the individual's home or birthplace, or the name of the village in which the person lived.
Literacy was an accomplishment usually found only among the nobility, government scribes, and the clergy, for this reason, most of the earliest recordings of names are found in church or government documents. However, one apparent issue with the record keeping of the time was the lack of continuity in the spelling of many names, a fact which could be attributed to a lack of spelling guidelines in use by the scribes and record keepers. This is apparent in the variations found of the name in the afore mentioned records. Variations in the spelling of the name found in older records include but are not limited to; Fournier; Fornel; Fournal; Fournil; Fourneau, Fourney; Fournex; and Fourneret among others.
After the founding of America, Canada, and other lands abroad, migration began to occur in greater volume than ever before. Some of the first immigrants to America were David Fournier who landed and settled in Pennsylvania in 1740 and Jean and Germain Fournier and their son Charles who landed and settled in South Carolina in 1755.
Some of the earliest settlers to Canada were Guillaume Fournier who arrived and settled in Quebec in 1651. Nicolas Fournier arrived in 1664, and Claude Fournier settled in Chateau-Richer, Quebec in 1681.
Worldwide, the highest concentration of people with the surname Fournier are found in France, Canada, Switzerland, the United States, and Belgium. By state, the largest percentile of those with the surname Fournier live in Maine, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Michigan, and New Hampshire.
There are many notable people with the surname Fournier. Sergeant William G. Fournier was a member of the United States Army during World War II and recipient of the Medal of Honor, the highest decoration which can be given to a U.S. Military service member.
In January of 1943, Fournier was stationed at Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands. Refusing and odder to withdraw during an attack by the Japanese, Fournier along with another soldier, Lewis Hall, continued to man their gun allowing others to escape safely. Both men were fatally wounded. They were both posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor on June 5, 1943. Fournier was buried with full military honors at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in Honolulu, Hawaii.
Az. a hawk volant ar. seizing a heron also volant or. Crest—A martlet, per fesse az. and ar.
Fotheringham
Fowell


text:
Kampala City Tours
Educational Attractions
Health Attractions
Religious Attractions
Kampala Budget/Basic Accommodation
Mid Range/Standard Accommodation
Luxury/ Upmarket Accommodation
LIFE IN KAMPALA
KAMPALA TOURS
Kampala & Around Tour Package
Short Uganda Safari Tour Packages
The Rebirth of the Uganda Airlines; "Fly the crane" – Uganda safari News
April 23, 2019 April 23, 2019 Samuel Makanga
Close to three decades since the Government decided to fold the operations of the national carrier over its precarious financial position, only a small percentage of Uganda's largely youthful population truly remember the livery of Uganda Airlines.
However, on Tuesday April 23rd 2019, Uganda received its first two plane fleet (CRJ900 Bombardiers). The President of Uganda; Yoweri Kaguta Museveni was the chief Guest chosen to receive these two planes as they touched down at the Entebbe International Airport. The two bombardier planes are expected to complete the Air Operator Certification (AOC certification) process because it is mandatory process and for it to be affected, physical presence of jets on land has to take place.
Government of Uganda recently requested Bombardier Commercial Aircraft (Uganda airlines), the manufacturer of both planes and trains to consider establishing a training and maintenance facility in Uganda. The request was made by Works and Transport Minister, Monica Ntege Azuba as the company delivered the first two of four CRJ900 aircraft ordered by Uganda National Airlines Company in July 2018. Minister Azuba who officially received the 2 CRJ900 aircraft on behalf of Uganda government asked the Canadian Commercial Aircraft to launch a training facility in Uganda, assuring them of full support from the government. She told Mr. Fred Cromer, the President Bombardier Commercial Aircraft that the maintenance facility in Uganda will enhance Bombardier's competitiveness in Africa.
Mr. Cromer congratulated Uganda Airlines for taking delivery of their very first CRJ900 jetliner fitted with the Atmosphere cabin in a dual-class configuration with 76 seats, including 12 first class seats. He said that the CRJ Series is recognized for its superior economics and efficiency adding that he was confident that it will be the stepping stone for the development of Uganda's regional air travel.
Relatedly, Entebbe International Airport has had a steady traffic growth of 7.9% annually. In 2018, the airport handled 1.84 million passengers increase from 1.65 million passengers in 2017. The traffic flow means that Entebbe handled at least 5,027 passengers and 81 aircraft per day last year.
On board each plane are four pilots, two Ugandans and the other from Bombardier. Each plane also had a Ugandan engineer. The minister said one of the pilots on the planes is the chief pilot of Uganda Airlines, Capt. Michael Etiang.
We hope the rebirth of the Uganda airlines will boost Ugandan tourism as it will make it easy for tourists to come to Uganda for Uganda safaris and visit destinations like Mgahinga gorilla National Park for a Uganda gorilla trekking safari, Kibale National Park for a Uganda chimpanzee trekking safari, Mountain hiking safaris Uganda in Mountain Rwenzori National Park, Lake Bunyonyi Uganda for Uganda birding safaris, Semuliki National Park for birding safaris Uganda, Lake Mburo National Park for a Uganda wildlife safari or short Uganda wildlife safari and many more interesting destinations.
Eat like a Local in Kampala; Top 5 Restaurants- Uganda Safari News
Driving around Kampala for the first time? You ought to know this! – Uganda safari News
Africa crafts village
This is a women's group initiative where they gather and market their art and craft products
Kampala is over 40 Km by road from Entebbe International Airport, the main gateway to the country
Gadhafi national mosque
The new mosque was formally opened and dedicated for worship in 2008 by the late Colonel Gaddafi
This is an International Brand Hotel in Kampala. It is located on Ternan Avenue close to the city center and over 40 Km from Entebbe International Airport .
This historical feature is one of the rewarding sights in Kampala city. Rising magnificently to the height of 6 meters, the monument commemorates the attainment of Independence in 1962.
This esteemed public University has held the mantle of Uganda and East Africa as an icon for tertiary training
Copyright @2019 Kampala City Tours Powered by Prime Safaris & Tour Ltd
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Japanese automaker Toyota Motor Corporation really topped in global vehicle sales in 2014?
Japanese automaker Toyota Motor Corporation has topped in global vehicle sales in 2014 by selling 10.23 million vehicles, beating Volkswagen and General Motors. In 2014, Toyota's sales grew 6 per cent in the U.S, 13 per cent in China, and 10 per cent in Brazil compared to the year 2013.


The New Silk Road is no longer just a dream. In places as remote from each other as Sri Lanka and Poland, planners are designing and building huge projects they think, or hope, will provide housing and jobs for thousands. Soon, when Beijing's imperial-scale trade and communications initiative starts moving trains, trucks, and ships to new, bigger, better ports full of Chinese goods, and good-will.
A phrase one often hears in these places goes, "X years ago there was nothing here,"Forbes contributor Wade Shepard writes in his tour of some outstanding stops on the New Silk Road.
One of those is Khorgos, on the China-Kazakhstan border, once a major market town on the ancient Silk Road, now an enormous "dry port" in the making.
Fifty thousand homes are being readied for workers once the port is up and running. Horgos, the city in the making on the Chinese side, is expected to eventually house 200,000 people.
These new towns will sink or swim depending on the volume of trade. "Dozens" of new China-Europe rail lines pass through here, as well as the Western Europe-Western China Highway, Shepard writes.
Terespol, Poland, is also putting logistics at the heart of its New Silk Road ambitions. Railways that link China and Europe run through the town, as does the E30 expressway from Berlin to Moscow and Siberia.
Plans for Terespol include a new town for 30,000 people, a duty free zone, a free industrial zone, and a large logistics area being built with investment from DHL, Shepard says.
New Silk Road terminals are planned on both shores of the South Caucasus. In Anaklia, Georgia, a $2.5 billion deep sea port is under construction.
"By 2020, the new facility is set to be a major hub on China's Maritime Silk Road, one of the spokes on the One Belt One Road initiative," Global Trade Review wrote in February.
Across the Caucasus in Azerbaijan, a new seaport and special economic zone are rising from barren land at Alyat, 70 kilometers south of Baku.
The head of the Khorgos free-trade zone, Vassily Ni, faces a charge of taking a $1 million bribe to ensure approval of a hotel in the zone. On 8 September an Almaty court ordered Ni to spend two months in detention, OCCRP reports.
Promoted as "a huge new city of the future at the intersection of two civilizations," much of the promised infrastructure at Khorgos – hotels, amusement centers, restaurants – has yet to break ground, according to Invest in Kazakhstan.
Kazakhstan is the keystone of the highway portion of the New Silk Road. Nearly 3,000 kilometers of the total 8,500 kilometers of planned new or improved highways lie in the country.


text:
package apns

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"

	log "github.com/Sirupsen/logrus"
	"github.com/cosminrentea/expvarmetrics"
	"github.com/cosminrentea/gobbler/server/connector"
	"github.com/cosminrentea/gobbler/server/kafka"
	"github.com/cosminrentea/gobbler/server/router"
	"github.com/sideshow/apns2"
)

const (
	// schema is the default database schema for APNS
	schema = "apns_registration"
)

// Config is used for configuring the APNS module.
type Config struct {
	Enabled             *bool
	Production          *bool
	CertificateFileName *string
	CertificateBytes    *[]byte
	CertificatePassword *string
	AppTopic            *string
	Workers             *int
	Prefix              *string
	IntervalMetrics     *bool
}

// apns is the private struct for handling the communication with APNS
type apns struct {
	Config
	connector.Connector
	apnsKafkaReportingTopic string
}

// New creates a new connector.ResponsiveConnector without starting it
func New(router router.Router, sender connector.Sender, config Config, kafkaProducer kafka.Producer, subUnsubKafkaReportingTopic, apnsKafkaReportingTopic string) (connector.ResponsiveConnector, error) {
	baseConn, err := connector.NewConnector(
		router,
		sender,
		connector.Config{
			Name:       "apns",
			Schema:     schema,
			Prefix:     *config.Prefix,
			URLPattern: fmt.Sprintf("/{%s}/{%s}/{%s:.*}", deviceIDKey, userIDKey, connector.TopicParam),
			Workers:    *config.Workers,
		},
		kafkaProducer,
		subUnsubKafkaReportingTopic,
	)
	if err != nil {
		logger.WithError(err).Error("Base connector error")
		return nil, err
	}
	a := &apns{
		Config:                  config,
		Connector:               baseConn,
		apnsKafkaReportingTopic: apnsKafkaReportingTopic,
	}
	a.SetResponseHandler(a)
	return a, nil
}

func (a *apns) Start() error {
	err := a.Connector.Start()
	if err == nil {
		a.startMetrics()
	}
	return err
}

func (a *apns) Stop() error {
	return a.Connector.Stop()
}

func (a *apns) startMetrics() {
	mTotalSentMessages.Set(0)
	mTotalSendErrors.Set(0)
	mTotalResponseErrors.Set(0)
	mTotalResponseInternalErrors.Set(0)
	mTotalResponseRegistrationErrors.Set(0)
	mTotalResponseOtherErrors.Set(0)
	mTotalSendNetworkErrors.Set(0)
	mTotalSendRetryCloseTLS.Set(0)
	mTotalSendRetryUnrecoverable.Set(0)

	if *a.IntervalMetrics {
		a.startIntervalMetric(mMinute, time.Minute)
		a.startIntervalMetric(mHour, time.Hour)
		a.startIntervalMetric(mDay, time.Hour*24)
	}
}

func (a *apns) startIntervalMetric(m metrics.Map, td time.Duration) {
	metrics.RegisterInterval(a.Context(), m, td, resetIntervalMetrics, processAndResetIntervalMetrics)
}

func (a *apns) HandleResponse(request connector.Request, responseIface interface{}, metadata *connector.Metadata, errSend error) error {

	l := logger.WithField("correlation_id", request.Message().CorrelationID())

	event := ApnsEvent{
		Payload: kafka.PushEventPayload{},
	}
	errFill := event.fillApnsEvent(request)
	if errFill != nil {
		logger.WithError(errFill).Error("Error filling event")
	}

	l.Info("Handle APNS response")
	if errSend != nil {
		l.WithFields(log.Fields{
			"error":      errSend.Error(),
			"error_type": errSend,
		}).Error("error when trying to send APNS notification")
		mTotalSendErrors.Add(1)
		pSendErrors.Inc()
		if *a.IntervalMetrics && metadata != nil {
			addToLatenciesAndCountsMaps(currentTotalErrorsLatenciesKey, currentTotalErrorsKey, metadata.Latency)
		}
		return errSend
	}
	r, ok := responseIface.(*apns2.Response)
	if !ok {
		mTotalResponseErrors.Add(1)
		pResponseErrors.Inc()
		return fmt.Errorf("Response could not be converted to an APNS Response")
	}
	messageID := request.Message().ID
	subscriber := request.Subscriber()
	subscriber.SetLastID(messageID)
	if err := a.Manager().Update(subscriber); err != nil {
		l.WithField("error", err.Error()).Error("Manager could not update subscription")
		mTotalResponseInternalErrors.Add(1)
		pResponseInternalErrors.Inc()
		return err
	}

	if r.Sent() {
		l.WithField("id", r.ApnsID).Info("APNS notification was successfully sent")
		mTotalSentMessages.Add(1)
		pSentMessages.Inc()
		if *a.IntervalMetrics && metadata != nil {
			addToLatenciesAndCountsMaps(currentTotalMessagesLatenciesKey, currentTotalMessagesKey, metadata.Latency)
		}

		event.Payload.Status = "Success"
		event.Payload.ErrorText = ""
		err := event.report(a.KafkaProducer(), a.apnsKafkaReportingTopic)
		if err !=nil && err != errApnsKafkaReportingConfiguration {
			logger.WithError(err).Error("Reporting APNS to kafka failed")
		}

		return nil
	}
	l.Error("APNS notification was not sent")
	l.WithField("id", r.ApnsID).WithField("reason", r.Reason).Info("APNS notification was not sent - details")

	event.Payload.Status = "Fail"
	event.Payload.ErrorText = r.Reason
	err := event.report(a.KafkaProducer(), a.apnsKafkaReportingTopic)
	if err !=nil && err != errApnsKafkaReportingConfiguration {
		logger.WithError(err).Error("Reporting APNS to kafka failed")
	}

	switch r.Reason {
	case
		apns2.ReasonMissingDeviceToken,
		apns2.ReasonBadDeviceToken,
		apns2.ReasonDeviceTokenNotForTopic,
		apns2.ReasonUnregistered:

		logger.WithField("id", r.ApnsID).Info("trying to remove subscriber because a relevant error was received from APNS")
		mTotalResponseRegistrationErrors.Add(1)
		pResponseRegistrationErrors.Inc()
		err := a.Manager().Remove(subscriber)
		if err != nil {
			l.WithField("id", r.ApnsID).Error("could not remove subscriber")
		}
	default:
		l.Error("handling other APNS errors")
		mTotalResponseOtherErrors.Add(1)
		pResponseOtherErrors.Inc()
	}
	return nil
}