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RICO for Government Climate Deniers?
Editor's Note: This column was co-authored by Ron Arnold.
A self-appointed coalition of Democratic state attorneys general is pursuing civil or criminal racketeering actions against ExxonMobil, the Competitive Enterprise Institute and other organizations. The AGs claim the groups are committing fraud by "denying" climate change. The charge is bogus.
What we contest are false assertions that "humans are creating a dangerous climate change crisis." We do not accept false claims that "the science is settled" and will not be limited to discussing only "what we must do now to avert looming climate catastrophes."
That's not just constitutionally protected free speech. It is the foundation of scientific progress and informed public policy.
Meanwhile, EPA and other federal agencies, the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), climate activist organizations, state legal and environmental agencies, and legions of scientists who receive government grants for advancing the "manmade climate cataclysm" mantra are themselves engaging in what many say is truly misleading or fraudulent climate science, policy and regulation.
Millions in poor countries die annually from preventable diseases, because hysterical climate claims justify denying them access to affordable modern electricity and transportation that could be provided by coal, natural gas and petroleum products. In developed nations, climate hysteria has cost millions of jobs, adversely affecting people's living standards, health and welfare. In European countries, thousands are dying each winter, because they can no longer afford proper heat.
The problem is not human intervention in the climate; it's improper political intervention in climate science. It has corrupted scientific findings from the very beginning.
A 1995 document from the US State Department to the IPCC confirms this, or at least gives allegations of fraud and corruption sufficient credence to raise serious integrity questions.
When a recent FOIA lawsuit sought that 1995 document, the State Department said there is "no such correspondence in our files." But if we have a copy of the document, how come State doesn't? Attesting to its bona fides, our copy has State's date-stamp, a Department official's signature – and 30 pages of detailed instructions on how the Clinton Administration wanted the IPCC to change its scientific findings and summary for policymakers, to reflect U.S. climate and energy policy agendas.
The document is too complex and technical to summarize. So we've posted it in PDF form – unchanged in any way and exactly as received from a well known and credible source who must remain anonymous to avoid retribution by people like the RICO prosecutors. You'll be amazed at what it says.
It consists of a three-page cover letter to Sir John Houghton, head of the IPCC Science Working Group, from Day Mount, Acting State Department Deputy Assistant Secretary for Environment and Development, introducing 30 pages of line-by-line "suggestions" from scientist Robert Watson and others. One wanted a correct statement about warming rates changed to a flat lie. "Change 'continue to rise' to 'rise by even greater amounts' to provide a sense of magnitude of the extended change," it says.
Talk about agendas dictating science. Moreover, this "ominous" warming ended just a couple years later, there has been virtually no planetary warming since then, and the warming followed 30 years of cooling.
The document raises serious questions about State Department actions on subsequent IPCC Assessment Reports. What did State do? Where are the correspondence and instructions to change the science in other IPCC reports? What are the State Department, EPA and other Obama agencies doing now to further corrupt climate science and advance their radical energy, social, economic and political agendas?
We know they won't answer truthfully. If they did, they'd have to investigate themselves under the Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act. Worse, the corruption, deception, manipulation, exaggeration and fabrication have grown with every passing year, as alarmists sought to obfuscate their shenanigans and preserve their $1.5 trillion Climate Crisis Empire. The AG actions are designed to punish and silence organizations that are revealing the scientific flaws and deceptions.
The IPCC was set up in 1988 to examine possible human influences on Earth's climate, amid powerful natural forces that have always driven the complex, dynamic, turbulent, frequently changing climate. As we note in our book, Cracking Big Green, from the outset, Swedish meteorology professor and zealous warming advocate Bert Bolin wanted to help scientists "get global warming onto the political agenda."
By 1995, Bolin could finally say "the balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on global climate." Of course, "discernible" merely means "detectable." But it gave the State Department license to dictate the "science." Then "discernible" morphed into "dominant," which morphed into "sole." Suddenly humans had replaced the complex, interrelated natural forces that had driven innumerable climate changes throughout Earth's history. Voila. Climate hysteria began to drive the political agenda.
Behind the hysteria are carefully orchestrated efforts to find steadily increasing planetary temperatures, and claim floods, droughts, hurricanes, tornadoes, snowstorms and snowless winters are more frequent and intense – even though Real World records show they are not. Original data are "homogenized" with other data to create higher temperatures; student papers and activist news releases are presented as "peer-reviewed studies" in IPCC documents; computer models are presented as "proof" of chaos, even though actual observations contradict their predictions; and ClimateGate emails reveal more chicanery. As climatologist and professor David Legates explains, even the 97% consensus claims are fraudulent.
Organizations that pointed out these flaws and fabrications became a threat to politicians, activists, "warmist" scientists and bureaucrats who were determined to advance an anti-fossil-fuel agenda. Their money and efforts were not winning the non-debate. They needed a blitzkrieg counterattack.
In June 2012, the Union of Concerned Scientists and Climate Accountability Institute organized a "workshop" in La Jolla, CA for climate activists, scientists, lawyers and other experts. Their subsequent report detailed how successful attacks on tobacco companies could be used as a template for campaigns, RICO actions and other operations against "climate denier" companies and organizations.
By 2015, Senator Sheldon "Torquemada" Whitehouse (D-RI) was calling for RICO prosecutions. His actions prompted free market champion Alex Epstein to tell a congressional committee the senator should resign because of his "unconstitutional" attacks on free speech and the energy that powers our economy.
In January 2016, a secret meeting was held in the Rockefeller Family Fund's Manhattan offices. It brought 350.org founder Bill McKibben and a dozen other anti-hydrocarbon activists together, to refine their legal strategies against ExxonMobil and others who dared to challenge "the scientific consensus" that fossil fuels have brought humanity and our planet to the brink of "climate chaos."
Then, on March 29, 2016, New York AG Eric Schneiderman headlined a press conference of 16 state attorneys general, who announced their intention to go after organizations that were "committing fraud" by "knowingly deceiving" the public about the threat of manmade climate change. Within days, he had launched a RICO action against ExxonMobil, and the Virgin Islands had done likewise against CEI.
It is difficult not to perceive a pattern of collusion here, among the activists and their financiers, among the AGs, and perhaps among all of them. We are eager to see what emails and other documents might reveal – especially since Section 241of US Code Title 18 makes it a felony "for two or more persons to agree together to injure, threaten or intimidate" another person in exercising their constitutional rights.
We have only begun to fight – for energy, jobs, sound science, free speech and human rights. CEI and Exxon are vigorously battling the outrageous RICO suits, and CFACT will present its new Climate Hustle movie in a one-day May 2 extravaganza in hundreds of theaters across the USA. We will not be silenced.


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Today's Fabulous Friday Female is Alexandra Watson!
What's even more exciting is that Alexandra has invited me to come and share my own story…as well as some fantastic new content "Relationships are the key to shining in life" at her "Time to Shine Conference" on November 8th and 9th, here in London, visit the events page here to see all of the details.
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Q: How to get index of selected value in Dropdown list javascript How to get index of selected value in Dropdown list in an event function. Here's my code.
function(data, event) {
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}

data has list of all values in DropDown list. But how to get index of it.

A: You can use
this.value forselected  value
this.selectedIndex for index

A: try this:
var e = document.getElementById("controlID");
var strUservalue = e.options[e.selectedIndex].value;
var strUsertext = e.options[e.selectedIndex].text;

A: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLSelectElement
Look for "selected Index".
// return the index of the selected option
alert(select.selectedIndex); //select is your element

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Volume 100, Issue 5
Impression membrane for the diagnosis of microbial keratitis
Stephen Kaye1,2,
Henri Sueke1,2,
Vito Romano1,
Jern Yee Chen1,
Nicole Carnt3,
Stephen Tuft3,
Timothy Neal4
1St Pauls Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
2Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
3Corneal Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
4Department of Medical Microbiology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
Correspondence to Professor Stephen Kaye, St Pauls Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK; s.b.kaye{at}liverpool.ac.uk
Purpose To evaluate a corneal impression membrane (CIM) for isolation of bacteria, fungi and acanthamoeba in suspected microbial keratitis.
Methods Consecutive patients presenting with suspected microbial keratitis were included. For each patient, samples were collected in a random order using a surgical blade and a 4-mm-diameter polytetrafluoroethylene CIM disc, and transported in brain heart infusion broth. Risk factors, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), size, location, depth and healing time of the ulcer were recorded. The microbial isolation rate was used to compare sampling methods.
Results 130 patients were included (mean age 62.6 years, SD 19.0). An antimicrobial had been used prior to presentation in 36 (27.7%) patients. Mean major and minor ulcer diameters were 2.1 mm (SD 2.0) and 1.6 mm (SD 1.7). Mean healing time was 12.4 days (SD 13.6). BCVA at presentation and following healing was 0.7 (SD 0.7) and 0.62 (SD 0.7) (p=0.34). There were 66 isolates (50.8%); 53 (40.8%) using a CIM and 35 (26.9%) using a blade (p=0.02). Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were the commonest isolates. Isolation rate was not influenced by organism type, although in four cases Acanthamoeba spp. were isolated; three using CIM and one a blade.
Conclusions In this study, the isolation of microorganisms from cases of suspected microbial keratitis was significantly higher using a CIM than a surgical blade. A CIM may be a useful alternative or addition for sample collection in microbial keratitis.
Diagnostic tests/Investigation
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307091
Although there are characteristic clinical features of microbial keratitis, identification and isolation of the causative microorganism is necessary to confirm infection and optimise clinical management,1 ,2 particularly because increased antimicrobial resistance3 ,4 has reduced the role of empirical treatment.5 While the PCR has shown promise as a diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of microbial keratitis,6 isolation of the organism is at present still needed to determine susceptibility to antimicrobials and other microbiological characteristics. Identification of the pathogen when there may only be a few organisms in a corneal ulcer requires an adequate sample cultured on a variety of different media.2 ,5 ,7 ,8 It is usual to collect multiple scrapes from the ulcer with a disposable needle or surgical blade, or with a reusable spatula and to plate the material onto several culture media.2 ,5 ,7–9 Collecting multiple samples with a sharp instrument, particularly from an uncooperative patient or a pending perforation, however, may be difficult and requires skill and biomicroscopy. Keeping fresh culture materials in the clinical area may also be logistically difficult, and a variety of techniques have been used to simplify the isolation process.8 ,10 For example, placing a sample directly into transport media such as brain heart infusion (BHI) broth8 ,10 or Amies transport medium11 before plating in the laboratory gives comparable results to direct plating in clinic with no loss of sensitivity or specificity, including the isolation of fungi, and enables sub-culturing on enrichment media for fastidious organisms.8 ,10
The collection of ocular surface cells by impression cytology using cellulose acetate filter paper was first described in 1977.12 Cellulose impression paper has more recently been used in the diagnosis of viral, fungal and acanthamoeba infections.13 ,14 Hydrophilic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) impression membranes have also been used to diagnose ocular surface neoplasia and viral infections.15 ,16 Impression membranes have also been used in combination with flow cytometry to phenotype leucocytes and inflammatory markers on the ocular surface in normal, ageing and various ocular surface diseases.17 For the diagnosis of microbial keratitis, an impression membrane has the potential advantage of covering a greater surface area of a corneal ulcer and, being less invasive than a blade or needle, it may be safer and more suitable for general use. To evaluate whether the use of an impression membrane is as sensitive as a blade, we compared the isolation rate using the two techniques in a series of patients who presented with suspected microbial keratitis.
We included consecutive patients with suspected bacterial, fungal or acanthamoeba microbial keratitis seen between October 2012 and December 2013. Patients with a suspected herpetic keratitis were excluded. The corneal impression membrane (CIM) discs were prepared from a sheet of hydrophilic membrane PTFE (Biopore Membrane, Merck Milipore, UK) using a 4 mm punch and autoclaved at 136°C for 45 min. For each patient, samples were collected using a surgical blade and a CIM, in a random order, as follows. Wearing sterile gloves, a number 11 blade (Swann Morton, Sheffield, UK) was used to scrape the edges of the ulcer and the blade placed in a bottle containing 0.5 mL of BHI broth as previously described.8 A CIM was placed over the ulcer using sterile single use forceps or, if the ulcer was >4 mm in diameter, the CIM was placed to include the edge of the ulcer. The eyelids were kept apart and care was taken to avoid contact with the eyelids or conjunctiva. The membrane was left in position for approximately 5 s with the eye held open and then removed and placed in 0.5 mL BHI broth. A second scrape was then taken using an 11 blade for a smear for Gram stain.
BHI bottles and slide smear were then transported to the microbiology laboratory at room temperature. On receipt, unless at night, the bottles were vortexed for 5–10 s and 10 µL aliquots inoculated onto blood, chocolate, fastidious anaerobic and Sabouraud's dextrose agar plates and Robertson's cooked meat enrichment broth (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK).8 ,11 ,18 ,19 Finally, a non-nutrient agar (Oxoid) seeded with Escherichia coli was inoculated with 20 µL of broth for Acanthamoeba spp. culture.11 If the samples were received at night, the bottles of BHI were kept at room temperature as this facilitates growth of the microorganisms within the medium.8 ,11 ,18 ,19 Agar plates and a 24 h subculture of the BHI broth in enrichment medium were examined for evidence of bacterial growth after 24 and 48 h incubation. All isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Bruker, Bremen, Germany). Acanthamoeba plates were examined daily for 7 days for the characteristic appearances of acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts.
Patients were initially treated with a topical fluoroquinolone with additional treatment according to the clinical picture at presentation, the microorganism isolated and susceptibility data. Patients were examined daily for 3 days and then twice a week until healing, defined as time in days to re-epithelialisation of the ulcer. The following clinical information was collected: type of treatment that the patients had received or were still using at presentation, risk factors such as contact lens wear, presence of ocular surface disease, previous corneal surgery and previous microbial keratitis. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), size, location and depth of the ulcer and healing time were recorded. BCVA was converted into logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution units. Ulcer size (minor and major axes) and location (minimum distance from the limbus) were measured to the nearest 0.01 mm.20 The ulcer depth was graded on a nominal scale of 1–4 based on the proportion of corneal thickness lost on slit-lamp biomicroscopy (0<1<25%, 25%≤2<50%, 50%≤3<75% and 75%≤4<100%). Fisher's exact and Wilcoxon tests (SPSS V.22) was used for analysis, and p<0.05 was considered as significant.
In total, 130 consecutive patients (69 males and 61 females) were included (mean age 62.6 years, SD 19.0). Twenty-six (20%) patients had worn contact lenses, 17 (13.1%) had a previous history of microbial keratitis and 10 (7.7%) had previous corneal surgery. Additional possible risk factors in the remaining patients included blepharitis, acne rosacea, trauma and atopy. A topical antimicrobial had been used immediately prior to presentation in 36 (27.7%). The mean ulcer depth was grade 1.2 (median 1.0, SD0.4). Ulcers were, on average, located 2.2 mm (median 2.0 mm, SD 1.2) from the limbus with major and minor diameters of 2.1 mm (SD 2.0) and 1.6 mm (SD 1.7), respectively. The mean healing time was 12.4 days (median 10 days, SD 13.6). There were no perforations or loss of an eye and no patients required surgical intervention (corneal transplant, amniotic membrane graft or corneal gluing). There was no difference in healing time between patients who had (12.8 days, SD 12.8) or did not have a microbial isolate from their ulcer (12.5 days, SD 11.8) (p>0.5). BCVA at presentation and following healing was 0.7 (SD 0.7) and 0.6 (SD 0.7) (p=0.34).
The overall isolation rate (CIM and/or blade) was 50.8% (66 isolates from 130 participants). The isolation rate using a CIM was 40.8% (53/130) and a blade 26.9% (35/130) (p=0.02). No organisms were detected on Gram stain. In 16.9% (22/130) of cases, an isolate was identified from both the CIM and the blade. In 31 cases (24%), a microorganism was isolated from the CIM but not the blade and, conversely, in 12 cases (9%) a microorganism was isolated from the blade but not the CIM. There were no significant differences in ulcer area, depth or distance from the limbus between ulcers with positive or negative cultures in any group (p>0.5) (table 1).
Clinical characteristics of ulcers from 130 cases of microbial keratitis related to method of culture and isolation of microorganism
The use of an antimicrobial prior to presentation did not significantly affect the isolation rate, whether using a CIM or a blade. With a CIM, the isolation rate for patients who had or had not received an antimicrobial was 16 of 36 (44%) and 37 of 94 (39%) (p=0.69) and with a blade it was 8 of 36 (22.2%) and 27 of 94 (28.7%) (p=0.51).
The microbial isolates are shown in table 2. As a percentage of the microorganisms isolated, Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the commonest bacteria isolated. Of the four cases where there was a mixed infection, a CNS was isolated with either a Moraxella nonliquefaciens, a Bacillus sp. or an α-haemolytic streptococcus; and in one case, an Acanthamoeba spp. and an α-haemolytic streptococcus were isolated. In two (2%) cases, a different microorganism was isolated from the blade and the CIM (blade: CNS, CIM: Moraxella sp., blade: α-haemolytic streptococcus, CIM: Bacillus sp. and CNS). There were no significant differences between a blade and CIM in terms of the type of microorganism isolated; S. aureus (p=0.26), CNS (p=0.11) and Streptococcus spp. (p=0.10). In four cases, Acanthamoeba spp. were isolated, three using CIM and one a blade (p=0.62).
Isolates from cases of presumed microbial keratitis grouped according to sampling method: blade or corneal impression membrane (CIM)
Identification of the causative microorganism and susceptibility profile forms an important component in the management of microbial keratitis.7 Recent attempts to improve the diagnostic yield from the investigation of microbial keratitis have focused on PCR to amplify microbial DNA. For bacteria, this involves either the amplification of a conserved region of DNA from the gene encoding the bacterial ribosomal RNA and then sequencing the product to identify the type of bacteria or using a set of primers specific to known bacterial pathogens. Acanthamoeba and fungi can also be detected by PCR.21 ,22 Larger comparative studies, however, are necessary to fully ascertain the sensitivity and specificity of PCR compared to culture for the diagnosis of microbial keratitis.
Culture of the causative microorganism is necessary to determine the susceptibility profile of a pathogen, which is still an important component in the management of microbial keratitis.2 ,7 Choosing a safe and effective method to isolate and grow the pathogen is therefore of prime importance. Our results indicate that the isolation rate using CIM (40.8%) was significantly higher than we achieved using a surgical blade and comparable with other previous published reports. Levey et al18 used a Kimura spatula and reported a positive culture from 47.1% of 119 cases, while Epley et al19 used a mini-tip Culturette swab and obtained a positive culture from 42% from 12 cases. Further comparisons between a CIM and other sampling methods such as a Kimura spatula or alginate swab would be important.
In our series, treatment with a topical antimicrobial immediately prior to culture did not significantly reduce the isolation rate. This is in contrast to a previous report using a blade in which the isolation rate was 27% from cases on treatment compared with 42% off treatment.8 The rate using a CIM sampling alone was (41%), which is similar to the report of Morlet et al,23 who achieved an isolation rate with needle sampling and direct plating of 41.5% from 118 patients, of whom a similar percentage (22%) had received a topical antimicrobial prior to investigation.23 Although use of a blade or a needle11 allows material to be obtained from the leading edge of an ulcer and may help debridement, a CIM offers the advantage of sampling from a greater surface area of an ulcer. It is also simple to use and could lend itself to nurse-led sampling. Whether isolation rates would be increased by taking multiple CIM samples is unknown, but given the simplicity and ease of collecting samples it is worthy of further investigation. It is of note that if we had taken only one sample obtained by CIM, 9% of isolates would not have been detected, whereas if only one sample had been obtained by blade 24% of isolates would not have been detected.
The microbiological spectrum of corneal isolates from this series is similar to a recent report from the UK,24 apart from a higher detection of S. aureus and a lower isolation of CNS (28% and 23%). The lower isolation rate of CNS may be important as the role of CNS as a pathogen for suspected microbial keratitis is unclear and difficult to distinguish from a contaminant.20 In terms of the other microorganisms isolated, there were no differences in the isolation rate between the CIM and blade except for the detection of Acanthamoeba spp., which in three cases was only isolated by a CIM. This agrees with a previous case series of isolation of Acanthamoeba spp. with impression cytology using fixation and light microscopy.14
It has previously been shown that the use of suitable transport media, such as Amies transport medium or BHI, followed by use of an enrichment medium gives isolation rates comparable to direct plating on culture media, including for the isolation of fungi, with no loss of sensitivity or specificity.8 ,10 ,11 BHI provides excellent recovery for a range of fastidious organisms and is an established medium for holding stock cultures in the laboratory at room temperature.18 ,19 Samples can, therefore, be transported to the laboratory in BHI or Amies medium at room temperature and kept overnight.8 ,11 There is also evidence that BHI directly supports the growth of a range of anaerobes, which can be further enhanced by the addition of 0.1% agar to the medium.25 Use of such transport media has certain advantages and enables sub-culturing on enrichment media for fastidious organisms. It is important that transport media support the growth of fastidious organisms because there is otherwise a potential risk of undergrowth of these fastidious microbes in a polymicrobial infection.11 It is of note that we found a very low rate of mixed polymicrobial infection in this and previous studies.8 In the clinical situation, where there may be very few organisms available from a corneal scrape, processing for fastidious organisms may be best done in the laboratory by a technician trained in microbiological methods. The lower between-scrape variation using an indirect method may also improve the probability of inoculating the appropriate culture medium in the laboratory.8 Nevertheless, a comparison of direct plating and BHI using a CIM would be of value.
In this study, although we did not collect an additional CIM for a Gram, Giemsa or KOH stain for direct light microscopy, it has been reported that PTFE membranes such as the CIM have significant advantages compared with cellulose acetate membranes for conventional impression cytology. This may be important for the diagnosis of fungal keratitis7 ,13 because the CIM membrane is transparent when wet or when treated for oil immersion oil transmission microscopy.16 In addition, a PTFE CIM membrane has a very low background fluorescence, which allows the use of fluoresceinated antibodies.16 Although we have shown a CIM to be a useful alternative in the clinical situation, further in vitro work and or an animal model would be helpful to determine thresholds for detection of different microorganisms (including herpes simplex virus 1) whether by culture or PCR.
In conclusion, the collection of corneal samples using a CIM that is then transported to the laboratory is an effective and safe system for general use. In our experience, the PTFE CIM has good mechanical stability and was easy to handle. A CIM provides a useful alternative or addition to the collection of samples from patients with suspected microbial keratitis.
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. Risk factors for treatment outcome of suspected microbial keratitis. Ofloxacin Study Group. Br J Ophthalmol 1999;83:1027–31. doi:10.1136/bjo.83.9.1027
Sueke H,
. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of standard and novel antimicrobials for isolates from bacterial keratitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010;51:2519–24. doi:10.1167/iovs.09-4638
Pepose JS,
. Divergent approaches to the management of corneal ulcers. Am J Ophthalmol 1992;114:630–2. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(14)74496-4
Deceased May 2015.
Contributors SK, HS, ST and TN designed the study. SK was the principal investigator. JYC, NC, HS, VR and SK undertook the sample and data collection, TN and HS the microbiology, SK, HS, ST and TN the data analysis and drafting of the manuscript. All authors helped interpret data and critically revise successive drafts of the manuscript.
Funding ST is supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre. NC is funded by the Australian Government National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC).
Patient consent Obtained.
Ethics approval National Research Ethics Service (NRES Committee North West, UK. The described research adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.
Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/
Keith Barton James Chodosh Jost Jonas
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2016; 100 i-i Published Online First: 21 Apr 2016. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-308772

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Now that you have spent so much time and energy writing a book, you'll certainly want ownership over your creation. This will give you the rights to distribute it, display it, and reproduce it.
Copyrighting a book is an easy process, but the features of copyright protection are more complex. To copyright a book completely, you as the author must obtain the protection of federal registration.
If your country is a signatory to the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (as most countries are), then your book is protected as soon as you create it in a format that can be seen directly or with the help of a machine or device.
However, while your book is technically copyrighted as soon as you write it, you have no way of proving that you are the original author.
Copyright prevents people from copying work, however, it does nothing to prevent simultaneous creation. This means if two people have the same idea at the same time, and it doesn't have a copyright, then both people would have an equal claim to the copyright.
Having an officially registered copyright is a requirement before you are able to pursue legal action against anyone who has violated your copyrighted work.
As a side note, you can't copyright the title of your book, unless you want to trademark your title, which can be a lengthy and expensive process with no guaranteed success.
To copyright a book, you have to register your copyright, which creates constructive notice and is a service provided by the Library of Congress.
There is no requirement to do this for your book to be copyrighted, but it's a good idea. It can save you time and money down the road should someone dispute your claim to the book.
Having constructive notice will let you assert your copyright in public notice starting on the date of registration and moving forward. A copyright alone can only prevent other people from copying your work.
This is an easy and inexpensive process and will give you a lot of intellectual property protection.
In order to register your creative work, go to the Library of Congress's website, copyright.gov. Here, you will find an online portal where you can register necessary copyrights for photographs, written works, and sculptures.
Simply fill out the form and pay the required fee to become registered.
If you are thinking about publishing your book in various countries, it may be a good idea to ask a lawyer or your publisher's legal team if it would be beneficial to you to register your work in all countries where it will be published.
Note: If you are self-publishing your book, go ahead and submit it to Amazon or other booksellers before you copyright, as the process can take 8 to 13 months to complete. You don't want to give up those profits while you are waiting!
What does a copyright page look like?
The copyright page is typically located on the verso (left-hand side page) of the title page. It includes the copyright notice, the edition information, the printing history, the publication information, the cataloging data (CIP), any legal notices, and the book's ISBN or identification number.
Rows of numbers may also be included at the bottom of the page to show the year and number of the printing. Any credits that need to be given for design, editing, production, and illustration are also typically listed on this page.
While the most important piece of information on the copyright page is the copyright notice itself, there are also a few other elements that make up this page, including the © symbol or the word "Copyright," the first year of the work's publication, and an identification information of the copyright's owner.
What other information can be included on the copyright page?
Typically, the author allows the book to be available for "fair use" (meaning that brief excerpts of copyright material may, under certain circumstances, be quoted verbatim), as this is difficult to prevent.
Other permissions will need the approval of the publisher, so the copyright page will also include the publisher's editorial address.
ISBN Number. There are some booksellers who require and ISBN number and some who don't. Amazon (Kindle) does not require it, but Barnes and Noble (ePub), Apple Book (ePub), and libraries and bookstores (print) do.
You will need separate ISBNs for the different formats of your ebook and your printed book. Go to this website here for more details on ISBNs for ebooks. All U.S. ISBNs are issued to publishers (and self-publishers) through a company called Bowker. Visit MyIdentifiers.com to get your numbers.
Name Usage: If you use a pen name rather than your legal name, you can use the pen name on your copyright page. Or if you are writing and publishing under a business, you can use your company as the copyright owner on your copyright page.
For information about special discounts available for bulk purchases, sales promotions, fund-raising and educational needs, contact _____ at ______ (include email and phone contact info).
Trademark and Other Notices. The publisher also will print any trademark notices that they hold to names and logos of their company or their imprint. They may also include a statement about the environmental friendliness of all of the products and processes that they used in the production of the book, such as a notice that it has been printed on recycled paper or they only used non-toxic inks.
Visit the author's blog, Live Bold and Bloom, at www.liveboldandbloom.com.
CIP Data. In the interest of library sales, the copyright page will include any cataloging-in-publication data (CIP),which refers to the bibliographic record created by the Library of Congress or another company for a book prior to its publication.
If the publisher is not a participator in the Library of Congress, they need to find another distributor who can provide this necessary information for a fee like CIPblock.com.
This process isn't necessary unless you plan to market your book specifically to librarians.
Edition Info. The copyright page will also include the edition of the book. For example, if the book is the second edition, this information may or may not be given on the title page, but it will definitely be specified on the copyright page.There can be indications of printings and years. These tend to look like odd strings of numbers near the bottom of the page.
Usually, the years are listed in the left margin, and on the right, there are a series of numbers to specify printings. If the book needs to be reprinted one year, the entire plates for the book don't have to be remade.
Rather, one digit can be erased off of each series of numbers to update the notice. Because digital printing is becoming increasingly popular, this series of numbers is likely to become an artifact.
Notice of Contributors. Finally, some publishers like to use the copyright page to give credit to anyone who has contributed to the book. This may include designers, proofreaders, production managers, editors, and indexers.
The copyright page is essentially the place where the publisher is able to handle any legal and bibliographic necessities before the author takes over. When you are making your own copyright page, choose the elements listed above that seem most applicable to your book.
After you get your copyright, make sure to have a backup.
Make copies of the forms to keep in your own files, whether they are submitted physically or electronically. This way, you have covered your tracks and have easy access to the information if you need it instead of having to rely on the government to be able to pull up your files.
Below are two samples of a copyright page. The first is a longer version that includes the CIP data block (in red). You'll replace this with your own or delete it if you're not obtaining CIP. It also includes edition information and printing numbers (the string at the bottom), as well as dates for future editions.
A copyright page does not have to be complicated — it just needs the necessary information to prove that the work is your own and you own the rights to it.


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Indigenous Politics, Law, and Justice
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Aboriginal and Treaty Rights in Canada: Essays on Law, Equality, and Respect for Difference
● Michael Asch
Text Content Territories: Indigenous Canadian;
Grade Levels: 12; University/College;
In the last two decades there has been positive change in how the Canadian legal system defines Aboriginal and treaty rights. Yet even after the recognition of those rights in the Constitution Act of 1982, the legacy of British values and institutions as well as colonial doctrine still shape how the legal system identifies and interprets Aboriginal and treaty rights. What results is a systematic bias in the legal system that places Indigenous peoples at a distinct disadvantage.
The eight essays in Aboriginal and Treaty Rights in Canada focus on redressing this bias. All of them apply contemporary knowledge of historical events as well as current legal and cultural theory in an attempt to level the playing field. The book highlights rich historical information that previous scholars may have overlooked. Of particular note are data relevant to better understanding the political and legal relations established by treaty and the Royal Proclamation of 1763. Other essays include discussion of such legal matters as the definition of Aboriginal rights and the privileging of written over oral testimony in litigation. The collection also includes an essay that, by means of ethnographic and historical data, raises concerns respecting how the law might be distorted even further if we are not careful in assuring that what is defined as Indigenous today is detached from its own traditions and divorced from contemporary issues.
In sum, Aboriginal and Treaty Rights in Canada shows that changes in the way in which these rights are conceptualized and interpreted are urgently needed. This book then offers concrete proposals regarding substantive, processual, and conceptual matters that together provide the means to put change into practice.
First Nations 101
● Lynda Gray (Indigenous Canadian; First Nations; Tsimshian (Ts'msysen);)
Text Content Territories: Indigenous Canadian; First Nations;
First Nations 101 is an easy to read primer that provides readers with a broad overview of the diverse and complex lives of First Nations people. It is packed with more than 70 subjects including veterans, youth, urbanization, child welfare, appropriate questions to ask a First Nations person, feminism, the medicine wheel, Two-spirit (LGBTQ), residential schools, the land bridge theory, and language preservation. Author Lynda Gray endeavors to leave readers with a better understanding of the shared history of First Nations and non-First Nations people, and ultimately calls upon all of us - individuals, communities, and governments - to play active roles in bringing about true reconciliation between First Nations and non-First Nations people.
● Jennifer Dance
Text Content Territories: Indigenous Canadian; First Nations; Anishinaabeg;
Grade Levels: 7; 8; 9; 10;
Life is changing for Canada's Anishnaabek Nation and for the wolf packs that share their territory.
In the late 1800s, both Native people and wolves are being forced from the land. Starving and lonely, an orphaned timber wolf is befriended by a boy named Red Wolf. But under the Indian Act, Red Wolf is forced to attend a residential school far from the life he knows, and the wolf is alone once more. Courage, love and fate reunite the pair, and they embark on a perilous journey home. But with winter closing in, will Red Wolf and Crooked Ear survive? And if they do, what will they find?


It is absolutely amazing how few people who can benefit by FLPs actually have them.
FLPs are not a primary estate planning tool (those are your wills and marital or A&B trusts), but FLPs can nicely supplement an estate plan and save your heirs sometimes millions of dollars in estate taxes if done correctly.
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To read about the asset protection features of FLPs, please click here.
When it comes to "advanced" estate planning, FLPs are almost always a tool that is utilized. Why? Because FLPs can lessen the value of your assets for both gift and estate tax valuation purposes.
If you have an estate of $1,000,000 or more, you are probably a candidate to use an FLP for asset protection purposes.
If you have an estate of $5,000,000 or more (and this includes proceeds from life insurance contracts not owned by an ILIT), you are a candidate to use an FLP for both asset protection and estate planning purposes.
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@Component({
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export class GlyphiconsSocialComponent {

  constructor() { }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Home / LIFESTYLE / REVIEWS > / THEATRE REVIEWS / Rock-tastic
Rock-tastic
Robert Tanitch reviews Rock the Ballet at Peacock Theatre, London WC2
Audiences are much more likely to want to see a show called Bad Boys of Dance than a show called Rock the Ballet; and even more so since Rasta Thomas's show is aimed at audiences who do not go to ballet.
The show stars Bad Boys of Dance. The boys are trained in ballet, jazz, contemporary and hip hop styles. The cast is headed, however, by a woman, Adrienne Canterna, who is also artistic director and choreographer. Her leading man is James Boyd.
As a showcase for male dancers, the choreography and the dancers do not even begin to be in the same class as Men in Motion and Kings of the Dance, who are, unwisely, referred to in an essay in the programme.
There is a lot of gymnastic energy, lots of bits and pieces to rock and pop hits; but there is nothing which adds up to a satisfying whole. Rock the Ballet may appeal to those who know nothing about dance and have nothing to judge it by.
The second act is better than the first act. The Bad Boys finally deliver what the large contingent of girls in the audience has come for. The boys take off their shirts! There are shrieks of delight. But, ladies, be warned, it's just a tease. Despite the song, "I'm sexy and I know it" blaring away, they don't do the full Monty. They are not Chippendale strippers.
To learn more about Robert Tanitch and his reviews, click here to go to his website
Tags: ballet, dance, dancing, hip hop, musical, performance, Robert Tanitch, rock, theatre, theatre reviews
admin 2179 views 0 likes Jun 19, 2014 THEATRE REVIEWS Share
Australia's Queensland Ballet's auspicious debut in the UK
It takes three to tango!
A musical by Jerry Herman gets a belated European premiere


First off I would like to stress that I believe this forum is very helpful and up till now a lot of things have become clear to me.
Currently I would like to build a simulation model for my thesis. Whereby an ATO system has an inventory with 2 components (C1 and C2). Customers orders are allowed for the end product and for the individual components (C1 and C2). I use two sources for the supply of the components that are stocked in seperate buffers. And my idea was to model three drains that each represent the demand for the end product (C1 + C2) and the component C1 and component C2.
The issue that I am having is that I am not able to figure out how and where a Pull control extract the parts from the buffers for each type of demand from the customer.
I am sure that I am missing a dozen of other things. However, I hope that some of you are willing to help me out with this matter or could provide me with an example.
p.s. Please find below the lay-out of my model. This is just a global idea and I still have to work out the details.
you can consider adding Kanban objects in your model to achieve the pull behavior you described. For that you can have a look into the "Small Examples" collection found in "Example Models" in the main menu. Here you can search for "Kanban" to find a couple of example models implementing Kanban systems.
for more complex cases you definitely should consider using the Kanban objects or do some programming but I gave it a try to do it without programming. The idea is, that the real parts are "assembled" with order parts coming from the OrderSource. It seems to work (at least as long as the orders come in with a interval > 0).
My goal is to test a replenishment policy and an allocation policy from the components buffer. And with the results I would like to see which policies will yield the lowest costs (holding-, backorder-, and lost sales costs).
I have looked into the kanban system and were able to create the following model (see attached file). However the parts do not seem to be transferred towards the corresponding demands. Could you, or somebody else, take a look and help me further?
This model provides a lot of not thought of insights. Thanks for that.
As described above I would like to apply a replenishment policy and an allocation policy on the buffers in order to determine the avg. costs.
It looks like using your model with a bit of adjustments (programming) could suffice. Or would you recommend me to use the Kanban system?
attached you can find a model resembling the one you have posted here. The issue was that your Buffer after the Assembly does not have any parts listed to pull in. Kanban objects need to pull parts which are somewhere listed in another Kanban object. This is not given by your Assembly before the Buffer. So you need to rearrange your model somewhat in a way similar to the attached model, so that you have next to the Kanban objects also controls implemented which take care of the Assembly behaving similar to a Kanban object.


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The 2008–09 season is the 31st season in the fourth division of English football, and the 94th season as a professional club played by Northampton Town F.C., a football club based in Northampton, Northamptonshire, England.

Players

Competitions

League One

League table

Results summary

League position by match

Matches

FA Cup

Carling Cup

Johnstone's Paint Trophy

Appearances, goals and cards

Northampton Town F.C. seasons
Northampton Town

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The world's biggest human migration, Chunyun (which occurs during the Spring Festival), began on 13 January – which usually means jam-packed railway stations and long travel days.
However, technology such as face recognition and onboard Wi-Fi as well as high-speed trains have made the trip this year more convenient and dramatically quicker.
China Daily reporters visited several railway stations in Beijing to capture the experiences of travelers heading home or to other destinations to celebrate China's most important festival.
Q: What is your destination? How long will it take you to get there? Is this any different to what you have done in the past?
A: I'm going back to my home town Tongling (in East China's Anhui province). It used to take me 10 hours by train and two more hours on a bus. But now the travel time has shortened to five hours thanks to the high-speed train.
Q: How did you book your ticket this year? Was this any different to what you have done in the past?
A: I booked it online this year. My school usually helped us buy the tickets in previous years.
Q: Did you prepare Chinese New Year gifts for your family? What are they?
A: I brought some seaweed-flavoured meat floss buns from a bakery shop near my school, as a New Year present for my parents.
Q: How will you spend your time while you travel?
A: I'm going to watch some South Korean TV dramas.
Q: What are your best wishes for the Lunar New Year?
A: I hope I will pass the postgraduate examination, and I also wish my parents good health.


BERLIN, Feb 13 — Business is booming in the Bundesliga with the German Football League (DFL) announcing today total revenue of €4.42 billion (RM20.3 billion) for last season, generating a record number of jobs.
The DFL's 2019 economic report shows that 17 of the 18 Bundesliga clubs generated revenue in excess of €100 million in 2017-18.
The 2019 Deloitte Football Money League, published last month, put defending Bundesliga champions Bayern Munich fourth in the list of Europe's richest clubs behind Real Madrid, Barcelona and Manchester United, with profit of €629.2 million for 2017/18.


I bet every doom metal fan knows Pantheist. Started as funeral doom studio project in 2000 by Kostas Panagiotou, it has grown to the size of a full band and went through a series of stylistically metamorphoses. After seven years of secret workings since their last album, Pantheist have returned with an updated lineup and a new full-length album, Seeking Infinity. Besides that, Kostas managed to take part in the international doom project Towards Atlantis Lights, whose first album Dust Of Aeons saw the light of day in March 2018 through Transcending Obscurity Records.


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Can Israel's Arab parties stick together despite infighting?
The Joint List is in turmoil and its infighting has gone public.
By LAHAV HARKOV
Updated: AUGUST 1, 2017 01:14
Israeli Arab lawmakers from the Joint Arab List (from L to R) Osama Saadi, Ahmed Tibi, Ayman Odeh, Masud Ganaim and Haneen Zoabi stand in front of the Dome of the Rock during a visit to the Temple Mount in Jerusalem's Old City July 28, 2015.
The complex agreement binding the Arab parties that make up the Joint List began is fraying at the edges, with a rotation of MKs put on hold.
Last week, Joint List lawmakers Osama Sa'adi and Abdullah Abu Marouf were supposed to resign and be replaced by two new MKs.
However, since MK Basel Ghattas (Balad) resigned from the Knesset earlier this year, after being convicted of smuggling cellphones and documents to Palestinian security prisoners, the Joint List is in turmoil over who should resign or not.
The Joint List is made up of four parties: Communist Hadash with five seats, which includes the list's one Jewish lawmaker (Dov Henin), Islamist United Arab List with three, Arab-nationalist Balad with three, and MK Ahmad Tibi's Ta'al with two.
An agreement made between the parties before the 2015 election would have had Saadi of Ta'al and Abu Marouf of Hadash resign and be replaced with Juma Azbarga of Balad and Saeed Alharomi of UAL, giving Hadash, Balad and UAL four MKs each, and one from Ta'al. But Ghattas was replaced in the Knesset by Azbarga, because he was next on the Knesset candidates list, and that threw the deal into disarray.
To keep to the spirit of the agreement, Nivin Abu Rahmon of Balad would enter the Knesset, becoming the Joint List's third female lawmaker. But there are three other people ahead of her on the bloc's candidates list, who would have to resign to make way for her.
Each party in the Joint List has its own interests, and obviously they each want maximum representation in the Knesset, so they have different interpretations of how the rotation would go in light of Ghattas's departure, and, of course, each claims that it is hewing closest to the original agreement.
Balad expects the three people ahead of Abu Rahmon on the list to resign.
An official statement from Ta'al says that "the party is committed to enacting the rotation agreement as one unit, including its part of the agreement." In keeping with that, Sa'adi sent a letter to the Joint List's "Reconciliation Committee," which deals with disputes between the parties, expressing willingness to resign last week. But the party refuse to pull its candidate ahead of Abu Rahmon from the list.
UAL demands that the agreement be implemented so Alharomi can become an MK, and is willing to discuss having someone lower down the list resign to get a Balad lawmaker in.
Hadash has already announced that Abu Marouf will resign by Thursday, and the Reconciliation Committee has called on Sa'adi to do the same.
At this point, it's unclear what the faction will look like next week, but what's apparent is that the Joint List's infighting, which has been going on since the parties ran together in 2015, has gone public. That could have serious consequences for whether they stay together in the future.
Tags the joint list


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Croydon Council Tax obligation Rebate
A damning evaluation by the Institute for Fiscal Studies of the recommended council tax benefit adjustments, which start following April, claims that although the reform's ₤ 480m-a-year financial savings equate to an average ₤ 19 per home, the functioning poor would be struck hardest.
If you are a pair, a grown-up living with you and also your partner will not count as a 2nd grown-up unless either you or recommended your companion is someone that the neighborhood authority ignores when exercising whether you're entitled to a council tax price cut-- for example if you're a permanent student or aged 17 or under.
Croydon Council Tax obligation Costs
The proposed plan also takes the chance of "drastically undermining" the government's front runner universal credit history system, which will change 6 of the seven major means-tested advantages and tax credit reports for those of working age with a solitary benefit. Nonetheless, the seventh means-tested advantage will be "localized".
To work out whether or not you're qualified to 2nd grown-up refund, the neighborhood authority will have to check you have a person who counts as a 2nd grown-up living with you. They will certainly after that exercise just how much revenue the 2nd adult has. The less income a second grownup has, the greater the refund will be.
Back in 1991 neighborhood councils had to value all the homes in their area. Obviously this was a little bit of a hurried task! The outcome of rushing the procedure was a number of individuals have actually wound up in the wrong Council Tax band. Unlike in Wales where the Council Tax bands have actually been recalculated. England as well as Scotland regional authorities still use these initial banding estimates!
If any one of the second adults in your house is obtaining Universal Debt (UC), you will not instantly get a 25 per cent refund. Rather, you ought to consider them as 'out benefits' for this objective and treat their UC as revenue.
Croydon Council Tax Login
Depending upon private circumstances there are a number of options that you could take into consideration to avoid having to pay council tax obligation for a vacant residential or commercial property. For circumstances, you could lease it out or market it and also recommendations on how you can go about this is connected at the base of the page.
The survey tax brought about troubles and also played a component in the failure of Margaret Thatcher. Recalling these occasions, the IFS states in 1990 "the regarded unfairness of the tax was connected with non-compliance on a scale seldom seen in the UK".
Council Tax obligation - Second Grownup Rebate
"It appears like two components of federal government are just at battle with each other; as well as it's poor old ratepayers that might pick up the tab, with higher costs or even worse services. Thousands could find themselves all of a sudden much better off on benefits compared to in work.
The ideal means to check if you remain in the best band is first to compare your band to the similar residences around you, luckily this is easily done online. If as an example you are the only home in band F when all of your neighbors remain in band E, it can well deserve considering the issue a lot more extensively, IF they are all similar homes.
One more means to inspect if it deserves contesting your Council Tax obligation band is to inspect the home value of your residence. The Council Tax obligation bands were computed in 1991 for when the Council Tax obligation was executed in 1993 so we have to exercise the value of your house in 1991. To get a suggestion of the worth of your residence now you could use a cost-free site like www.houseprices.co.uk I would certainly recommend discovering a couple of various other sources to check your home value now and also exercise an ordinary worth.
Croydon Council Tax obligation Payments
The cut in financing will be larger, states the thinktank, in areas where council tax advantage spending is highest-- the much more deprived locations of Britain. It estimates the cut in funding will range from around ₤ 5 per residence in the rich City of London to ₤ 38 each household in Haringey, the 4th most deprived borough in the funding.
If you're not a pensioner, your local authority could make a decision whether to make 2nd grown-up discount available. If you're not a pensioner, you ought to talk to your regional authority to see whether second grown-up refund is readily available in your area.
When you have established the current valuation, visit the Nationwide house rate calculator enter your details as well as exercise the value of your home in 1991. As soon as you have your house's cost contrast it to the graph below listing the property values as well as bands of residences in 1991. This is the chart your regional council would have utilized. As it is the responsibility of your regional council to establish the fee for the bands, council tax rates vary across England as well as Scotland.
Jobs At Croydon
The report's authors alerts that to limit their investing councils will certainly have "a reward to inhibit low-income family members from residing in the location" which raises the opportunity that councils will certainly-- like the ill-fated poll tax obligation of the early 1990s-- be left to chase desperately inadequate people through the courts for small quantities of unpaid tax obligation.
Croydon Council Tax Bands
Labour said that the universal credit report programme ran the risk of descending right into disorder. Stephen Timms, the darkness job and also pensions priest, said: "We have actually been cautioning for the last 18 months that global credit report was so badly analyzed that turmoil would take place. Now, the IFS has exposed that the new benefit will certainly be torpedoed by adjustments to council tax advantage. One part of government does not seem to recognize what the various other part is doing.
If there is greater than one second adult sharing your home, the income of both or all of them is taken into consideration, except for the special needs payments pointed out previously. If among the adults is getting any of the following advantages, their revenue is additionally neglected:
"It is best more helpful hints that local authorities, that accumulate council tax obligation, have a strong incentive to place in area a fairer regional council tax try here obligation assistance scheme that helps their citizens get back right into work based upon neighborhood priorities.
James Browne, a senior research study economic expert at the IFS as well as one of the writers of the record, stated: "Trimming support for council tax and also localising it are two distinct policy choices: either could have been done without the various other. Whether you assume that cutting council tax obligation assistance for low-income households is the very best way to minimize federal government loaning by ₤ 500m will rely on your sights about just how much redistribution the state should certainly do.
Croydon Council Tax Relocating Residence
Council Tax obligation Refund does not assure any precision in the above information as well as will not be liable for any kind of loss or damages, whatsoever, substantial after any kind of error, mis-description or other insufficiency on this site. Persons making use of Council Tax obligation Discount details do so totally at their own risk.
Croydon Council Tax obligation Pay
Those local authorities where pensioners account for an above-average share of council tax obligation benefit spending would should make larger portion cuts to sustain official source for working-age recipients. For one in 10 English regional authorities it would be greater than 25%, with the highest worth being 33% in East Dorset and also in Craven, North Yorkshire.
Council Tax obligation Discount Calculator
One more kind of person who doesn't count as a second adult is somebody who copes with 2 other individuals in your home that have joint obligation for paying council tax obligation because they are joint owners, tenants or licensees. This could imply, for instance, the grown-up child of another pair that lives with you.
By examining search term Council Tax Rebate Calculator, we found most popular and high-grade image sources from on the internet public websites. We anticipate you to respect the copyright of original authors, no matther where photos are made use of, such as write-ups, internet sites, or advertising and marketing styles. We have actually also supplied the initial photo link, as well as you could use them at any moment.
When your regional authority exercises just how much earnings the second adult has, they will include all their earnings. This includes their profits and also any kind of earnings from resources-- although not the funding itself.
The federal government recommends to enable councils to develop a regional benefit system however in return says it will cut funding for it by 10%. With 5.9 million receivers, it is extra commonly claimed compared to any type of other means-tested advantage or tax credit.
Croydon Council Tax Amount
The revenue of some 2nd grownups who deal with you is neglected entirely. These are people that the neighborhood authority don't count as dealing with you when they work out if you're qualified to a council tax discount. They include people that are presently behind bars or who have a serious psychological disability.
Croydon Council Tax obligation Modification Of Name
This person would certainly still count as a 2nd grown-up though if all, or all however one, of these individuals is a person that the regional authority disregards when exercising whether you're entitled to a council tax discount rate.
Nonetheless, the new plan replicates several of the most awful facets of the poll tax. "These policies mean that households, even those on the most affordable revenues, would certainly have to pay some council tax obligation. The poll tax experience revealed how challenging it can be to accumulate percentages of tax obligation from low-income houses that are not utilized to paying it," they state, keeping in mind that the survey tax was "quickly replaced".
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Korea Mailing Address Formats and Other International Mailing Information: how to write a Korean address, find / look up Korean addresses, international postal rates (postage) to or from Korea, etc.
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Unilever Indonesia Foundation is the primary tools of implementing the Unilever Sustainable Living Plan in Indonesia.
The historic step began in 27 November 2000. The Unilever Indonesia Foundation's (the Foundation) mission was, and is, to discover and empower potential in the community, provide added value to society, unite the strengths of its partners, and act as a catalyst for formation of partnership.
The ideas of sustainable development and growing together with the community are inseparable from the visionary concepts of former Chairman and CEO of Unilever Indonesia from 1998 to 2003, Nihal Kaviratne. As the leader of the company, he was deeply concerned with the effort to build the company's culture through organisational transformation and change, as well as good corporate governance and corporate social responsibility.
At that time, the community empowerment programmes conducted by Unilever were still sporadic and not integrated. As a consequence, the results were far from optimal, let alone sustainable. Then the Foundation was established and given the task of conducting CSR in an integrated way.
For Unilever, the establishment of this foundation was a serious investment. This is evident from the people who were appointed to run it. The top leadership posts in the foundation, for example, were held by company executives with long experience in managing products valued at trillions rupiahs – no small investment.
Setting up the Foundation, was important to create a greater impact than that of isolated, separate community empowerment programmes. The Foundation's existence also made it easier to keep records on the various initiatives and activities conducted by Unilever. Work programmes and budgets became tighter, because their oversight now examined not just the finances but also the results of the programmes. The success of the Foundation's programmes also boosted the image of Unilever's products, and of the company as a whole.
The existence of the Foundation made Unilever's CSR activities more than mere charity. Sustainability of the programmes became a major focus. Also important was growing together with the partners in the field.
The Foundation dialogued with people to design the programme together. The new approach did not mean that Unilever Indonesia Foundation abandoned programmes of an essentially charitable nature. In certain situations, such as natural disasters and similar emergencies, charitable aid is still appropriate. However, efforts are always made to ensure that these aid programmes continue long after the emergency stage.
As to make sure the program sustainability, selecting and working with the right partners is critical. The partners can come from various backgrounds – government, NGOs, academia, or group of local community.
UIF's programme emphasizes quality over quantity. In community economic empowerment programmes, for example, the important thing is not how much money is needed. In this, we differ from the approach taken by a bank, which assesses its customers based on the amount of credit extended and the interest on the payments. For us, the important thing is how each programme can sustainably improve the living standards of the community.


Wife of charged CFMEU boss..
The wife of John Setka allegedly blew almost six times the legal alcohol limit on Boxing Day, hours after an argument with the CFMEU Victorian secretary that prompted charges against her husband.
Police say industrial relations lawyer Emma Walters, 43, allegedly recorded a blood-alcohol reading of 0.282.
She was pulled over on the Western Freeway at Pimpinio, near Horsham, after being spotted allegedly speeding.
The couple's two young children were in the car at the time.
Ms Walters will be charged on summons to face court at a later date.
That came hours after her argument with Setka at their West Footscray home earlier that day.
Setka is due to face the Melbourne Magistrates Court next week.


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text:
Living with a comedian (1 year on)
What a year it's been.
From that debut performance, to his first ever paid gig, and then on to comedian of a cruise, en route to Amsterdam.
I honestly couldn't be prouder.
It is such a brave and daunting career path, and the progress Dean has made has been incredible. I wanted to write a bit about that journey, because it has been one of the craziest, weirdest, funniest experiences of our lives.
Dean had spoken about doing stand-up for a while, but was yet to turn that talk into action. Having been a class clown in school, and grown up watching endless comedy shows, he had been training for this career his whole life without even realising it. And then, after some encouragement, Dean decided to sign up for a comedy course, just to test the (hot) waters. His mentor was none other than comedian, Paul Smith, who was to soon finish the courses due to his own stand-up career skyrocketing. Dean got there just in time, and learnt a lot of valuable things.
Timing. Confidence. Delivery. And prepared for his first ever 10-minute set.
The graduation ceremony was a live stand-up performance in front of the Hot Water crowd (I cannot adequately describe the nerves). I was sat in the back row of the audience, stomach churning, legs restless. Dean was waiting in the aisle, looking just about ready to vomit; and I almost sympathy vomited. It was the longest, most excruciating wait of our lives. But when his name was called, and he took those first steps onto the stage, it was like watching a different person.
He looked like he belonged up there.
I never doubted his ability to remember his lines – his memory had always been freakishly-good – but his stage-presence was a pleasant surprise, and the crowd reacted really positively, giving him the confidence to carry on.
After that, it was on to grabbing any show he could find. 10-minute slots in the corner of some dingy pub where everyone was rowdy or bladdered, and not bothered in the slightest about what he had to say. Sometimes we would drive 3 hours for these shows, only to spend 10-minutes on stage with barely any people there, and then drive back home for midnight, and be up again for regular work in the morning. There have been gigs with people facing away from the stage. Once, a woman even heckled him by saying that a whale's penis was as big as 8 buses.
Just, while we're on the subject of hecklers…
Hecklers are the worst. They love the sound of their own voice, so much so that they are happy to interrupt the flow of a show, distracting everyone else in the room, all for a bit of attention which is 99.99999% of the time not even remotely funny. As comedian Freddie Quinn says, heckling a new act is similar to punching a new born baby in the face. They haven't learnt how to defend themselves properly yet, and it's very difficult to remember your lines if someone throws you off. Just. Don't. Do. It.
Anyway, back to business.
It was a long, hard road. He was tired, discouraged, and spending much more money than he was making. We could see improvements, but the gigs were still pretty scarce and he was wondering if it was all worth it. And then, on valentine's day of 2018 (4 months after his first real show), Dean had a gig in a packed-out room in Studio 2, and not only smashed it, but got his first ever payment of £30. And that was it. The fire had been rekindled and he was hungry for another high.
The gigs came in staggered intervals. Some were good, some were amazing. Others were bad. Some were paid, but most weren't. He worked so hard trying to improve what he had, trying to piece everything together, writing new jokes when he had the time. We were visiting new comedy clubs every week.
We drove 3 hours to Stockton to do a gong show (you get voted off stage by three members of the audience holding up cards), Dean barely opened his mouth and the cards were up. We drove straight back home. He worked on catering his delivery specifically to gong show audiences and entered himself into Manchester's gong show, BEAT THE FROG, and won. It was such an incredible and reassuring moment for us both. He also made it to the final clap-off at the Comedy Store's gong show in Manchester (up against a Polish immigrant, a fully blind man, and a gay Asian. The odds were stacked).
Slowly but surely, he got more paid gigs. Nothing huge, but enough to show us that he was heading in the right direction. And then something amazing happened. Dean got offered a paid spot on a cruise ship to Amsterdam. It was a surreal moment, especially for someone who had barely been gigging a year.
The cruise was absolutely mental. We have never laughed as much as we did that weekend, stuck in the middle of the sea with a bunch of comedians. My face was so sore.
And now we're here.
100 gigs later, still ploughing ahead, excited for the next part of the adventure… New Zealand's comedy scene!
Tagged 1 year, big dreams, comedian, comedy, competition, dreams, journey, lifestyle, Liverpool, Manchester, progress, relationship, relationships, stand up comedy, stand-up, support, travelBy amyleowensLeave a comment
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text:
Máire Moran
Máire Moran was born in Church Street, Enniscorthy, the fourth of a family of six. Her entire family was actively involved in the republican movement. Her father, and two brothers Seán and Liam were active members of the Irish Volunteers, and her sisters Sighle and two younger sisters Biddy and Kathleen joined Cumann na mBan. Máire's father had a tailor's business in Church Street, which was regularly used as a meeting place and as a message drop centre by the Volunteers, while the basement doubled as a storage depot for guns and ammunition. Máire was one of the founding members of the Enniscorthy branch of Cumann na mBan in 1914 and regularly gave lectures and held first aid classes in the lead-up to 1916. During the Rising in Enniscorthy, she worked as a dispatch carrier, while her two younger sisters worked in the emergency hospital in the Athenaeum. Sighle's house was used as a rest centre.


Grain Dealer's Bond - Persons who buy and resell products of grain are required to post a Bond payable to the State of Alabama as the obligee, with the commissioner as trustee. The Dealer must furnish a Bond for every location they operate in The State of Alabama. The Grain Dealer's Bond guarantee's the dealer will pay all monies owed to the producer of such grain products. The Bond shall be in the amount to the nearest $1,000.00 equal to ten percent of the aggregate dollar amount the dealer spends on grain in a 12 month period.


text:
Impleta är ett släkte av tvåvingar som beskrevs av Eberhard Plassmann 1978. Impleta ingår i familjen svampmyggor.

Kladogram enligt Catalogue of Life och Dyntaxa:

Källor

Svampmyggor
Impleta


text:
IC 4087 — галактика типу S (спіральна галактика) у сузір'ї Волосся Вероніки.

Цей об'єкт міститься в оригінальній редакції індексного каталогу.

Посилання

 IC 4087 в оригінальному новому загальному каталозі
 IC 4087 в оригінальному новому загальному каталозі
 Перевірена інформація про IC 4087
 IC 4087 в базі SIMBAD
 IC 4087 в базі Vizier
 IC 4087 в базі NASA Extragalactic  Database
 Бази даних про об'єкти NGC/IC

IC 4087
IC 4087
IC 4087


text:
<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Item;
use App\SharedUserCollection;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class SharedUserCollectionController extends Controller
{
    private $rules = [
        'name' => 'required|string',
        'items' => 'required|array',  // TODO add 'min:1' once WEBUMENIA-1663 is fixed
        'items.*.id' => 'required|distinct'
    ];

    public function create(Request $request)
    {
        $items = $this->getItems($request->ids);
        return view('frontend.shared-user-collections.edit', compact('items'));
    }

    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $request->validate($this->rules);
        $collection = SharedUserCollection::create($request->input());

        return redirect()
            ->route(
                'frontend.shared-user-collections.edit',
                [
                    'collection' => $collection,
                    'token' => $collection->update_token,
                ]
            )
            ->with('created-message', 'Výborne! Tvoj výber je pripravený na zdieľanie.'); // TODO i18n
    }

    public function show(SharedUserCollection $collection)
    {
        $items = $this->getItems($collection->items->pluck('id'));

        return view('frontend.shared-user-collections.show', compact('collection', 'items'));
    }

    public function edit(SharedUserCollection $collection, Request $request)
    {
        if ($request->get('token') !== $collection->update_token) {
            return redirect()
                ->route('frontend.shared-user-collections.show', $collection);
        }

        return view(
            'frontend.shared-user-collections.edit',
            [
                'collection' => $collection,
                'items' => $this->getItems($collection->items->pluck('id')),
            ]
        );
    }

    public function update(SharedUserCollection $collection, Request $request)
    {
        if ($request->get('token') !== $collection->update_token) {
            abort(403);
        }

        $request->validate($this->rules);
        $collection->update($request->input());

        return redirect()->route(
            'frontend.shared-user-collections.edit',
            [
                'collection' => $collection,
                'token' => $collection->update_token,
            ]
        );
    }

    private function getItems($ids)
    {
        return Item::with(['translations', 'images'])->whereIn('id', $ids)->get();
    }
}