text:
Toyota reigns supreme as most searched car globally
by womenonwheels
For the second year in a row, Toyota reigns supreme as the most searched car brand according to Compare the Market's annual analysis of Google Trends data.
The data reveals that the Japanese car manufacturer topped searches in 47 of the 154 countries analysed, representing around 31% of all searches. But it's not all about winning glory – searches have decreased from almost 35% in 2020, and other brands are starting to gain some ground.
In the four years since Compare the Market began publishing the report, Toyota, BMW and Mercedes have remained a consistent trio on the podium, with Toyota on top in 2018, 2020 and 2021.
The anomaly was 2019, where BMW secured the win in a whopping 118 countries, leaving its competitors in the dust. The impressive lead contributed to BMW holding the title of most searched across all four years, on average.
Despite Mercedes sitting in third place each year, in 2021 the brand closed the gap by almost 70%, sitting only 6 countries short of 2nd place in comparison to last year where it was 19 behind.
Audi also saw considerable improvement in its ranking. Not only did the brand more than double the number of countries where it was the top search (from 5 to 11 countries in 2021), its ranking position increased from 6th to 4th this year.
2021 was also the first year that Compare the Market incorporated Tesla into the analysis. Despite appearing in the top 3 searches for 24 countries, only 5 of them listed the brand as their top search (China, Hong Kong, Israel, Macao and Singapore).
In contrast, brands such as Ford, Nissan and Peugeot appear to be losing speed in the race. Each search term's ranking dropped by at least three places, with Ford barely scraping into 9th place in comparison to 5th place in 2020.
There are a number of reasons which could explain why Toyota remained in the top spot for the second consecutive year. In November 2021, Toyota Gazoo Racing announced that it would start reproducing spare parts for its Corolla Levin and Sprinter Trueno makes.
These parts had previously been discontinued, but with the reintroduction of them, car lovers could continue driving and enjoying vehicles from the past. Toyota also launched a suite of other vehicles in 2021. This included a full line-up of electric cars that reduce CO2 emissions, the world-first Corolla SUV and a completely redesigned Land Cruiser.
Picture: Motorpress


text:
Salavat Yulaev (Ufa)
Amirov Rodion
Bashkirov Danil
Biryukov Evgeny
Dubrovsky Georgy
Granlund Markus
Hartikainen Teemu
Kadeikin Alexander
Kartayev Vladislav
Khafizullin Dinar
Khokhryakov Pyotr
Koledov Pavel
Kulemin Nikolai
Larsen Philip
Manninen Sakari
Metsola Juha
Naumenkov Mikhail
Pimenov Artyom
Platt Geoff
Sannikov Stepan
Sharychenkov Alexander
Shmelyov Sergei
Tikhonov Viktor V.
Shakir Mukhamadullin № 85
Currently Salavat Yulaev
Regular season 2021/2022
Points (G+A)
Shipachyov Vadim
Kuzmenko Andrei
Knight Corban
KHL Games in KHL SHL stats JHL A stats
Tournament / Team
S/G
Salavat Yulaev (Ufa) 85 34 3 4 7 0 13 13 12 0 3 0 0 0 0 52 5.8 1.5 0 0 - 15:19 19.9 23 18 3
Salavat Yulaev (Ufa) 85 39 3 7 10 -2 12 14 10 3 0 0 0 0 0 37 8.1 0.9 0 0 - 12:56 17.7 12 31 1
Playoffs 2019/2020
Salavat Yulaev (Ufa) 85 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - 0 0 - 3:12 4.5 1 0 0
Salavat Yulaev (Ufa) 85 27 0 1 1 -1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0.0 0.2 0 0 - 3:07 4.9 6 3 0
KHL Summary
Regular season: 100 6 12 18 -3 27 30 22 3 3 0 0 0 0 95 6.3 0.9 0 0 - 11:06 15.0 41 52 4
Playoffs: 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - 0 0 - 3:12 4.5 1 0 0
KHL Total: 102 6 12 18 -3 27 30 22 3 3 0 0 0 0 95 6.3 0.9 0 0 - 10:56 14.8 42 52 4
All tournaments Regular season 2021/2022 Regular season 2020/2021 Playoffs 2019/2020 Regular season 2019/2020
All teams Salavat Yulaev (Ufa)
IDSeason
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 3 Sep 2019 Kunlun RS - Salavat Yulaev 4:3 Б 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 3:15 5.0 0 1 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 4 Sep 2019 Kunlun RS - Salavat Yulaev 0:2 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 0:23 2.0 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 7 Sep 2019 Sibir - Salavat Yulaev 1:3 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 0:05 1.0 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 12 Sep 2019 Salavat Yulaev - Avtomobilist 0:2 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 2:37 5.0 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 14 Sep 2019 Salavat Yulaev - Amur 3:2 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 1:31 4.0 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 17 Sep 2019 Salavat Yulaev - Kunlun RS 3:2 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - - - 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 19 Sep 2019 Salavat Yulaev - Avangard 2:5 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 0:19 1.0 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 21 Sep 2019 Salavat Yulaev - Neftekhimik 2:0 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 0:05 1.0 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 24 Sep 2019 Spartak - Salavat Yulaev 2:4 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 0:24 1.0 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 26 Sep 2019 SKA - Salavat Yulaev 4:1 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 0:21 1.0 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 28 Sep 2019 Severstal - Salavat Yulaev 4:3 85 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 6:52 7.0 0 1 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 1 Oct 2019 Salavat Yulaev - Torpedo 5:1 85 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 4:55 6.0 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 15 Oct 2019 Vityaz - Salavat Yulaev 1:2 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - - - 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 19 Oct 2019 Salavat Yulaev - Ak Bars 3:1 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 0:07 1.0 1 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 22 Oct 2019 Salavat Yulaev - Avangard 1:2 Б 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - - - 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 24 Oct 2019 Salavat Yulaev - Vityaz 2:1 ОТ 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - - - 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 27 Oct 2019 Dinamo Mn - Salavat Yulaev 2:3 ОТ 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - - - 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 29 Oct 2019 HC Sochi - Salavat Yulaev 3:1 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 4:07 6.0 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 31 Oct 2019 Dynamo Msk - Salavat Yulaev 4:1 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 3:05 4.0 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 14 Nov 2019 CSKA - Salavat Yulaev 2:5 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 0:49 2.0 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 16 Nov 2019 Lokomotiv - Salavat Yulaev 5:1 85 0 0 0 -1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 6:01 9.0 1 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 18 Nov 2019 Avangard - Salavat Yulaev 4:1 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 4:36 11.0 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 23 Dec 2019 Salavat Yulaev - Ak Bars 4:3 ОТ 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 3:28 4.0 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 12 Jan 2020 Salavat Yulaev - Dinamo R 5:0 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.0 0 0 - 3:21 6.0 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 14 Jan 2020 Barys - Salavat Yulaev 5:3 85 0 0 0 -1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 3:20 6.0 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 16 Jan 2020 Avtomobilist - Salavat Yulaev 4:2 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 6:42 9.0 3 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 21 Jan 2020 Salavat Yulaev - Admiral 2:0 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 5:20 7.0 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 23 Jan 2020 Ak Bars - Salavat Yulaev 3:2 Б 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - - - 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 11 Feb 2020 Salavat Yulaev - Admiral 3:0 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 7:16 12.0 0 1 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 13 Feb 2020 Salavat Yulaev - Spartak 2:5 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - - - 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 15 Feb 2020 Salavat Yulaev - SKA 4:5 ОТ 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - - - 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 17 Feb 2020 Salavat Yulaev - HC Sochi 2:0 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 4:35 6.0 1 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 21 Feb 2020 Barys - Salavat Yulaev 2:1 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 1:03 2.0 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 23 Feb 2020 Metallurg Mg - Salavat Yulaev 1:2 ОТ 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 2:32 3.0 0 0 0
851 Regular season 2019/2020 38 25 Feb 2020 Ak Bars - Salavat Yulaev 3:2 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 7:06 10.0 0 0 0
854 Playoffs 2019/2020 38 1 Mar 2020 Avangard - Salavat Yulaev 5:2 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 2:38 4.0 0 0 0
854 Playoffs 2019/2020 38 3 Mar 2020 Avangard - Salavat Yulaev 2:3 ОТ 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - - - 0 0 0
854 Playoffs 2019/2020 38 5 Mar 2020 Salavat Yulaev - Avangard 6:3 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - - - 0 0 0
854 Playoffs 2019/2020 38 7 Mar 2020 Salavat Yulaev - Avangard 1:5 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 3:46 5.0 1 0 0
854 Playoffs 2019/2020 38 9 Mar 2020 Avangard - Salavat Yulaev 3:6 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - - - 0 0 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 3 Sep 2020 Torpedo - Salavat Yulaev 2:3 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 11:39 18.0 0 1 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 5 Sep 2020 Severstal - Salavat Yulaev 1:4 85 1 0 1 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 50.0 0 0 - 12:09 18.0 0 0 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 7 Sep 2020 Dinamo Mn - Salavat Yulaev 3:4 85 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 7:57 13.0 1 0 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 9 Sep 2020 Spartak - Salavat Yulaev 5:3 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.0 0 0 - 15:48 19.0 0 0 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 13 Sep 2020 Salavat Yulaev - Avangard 3:2 85 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 8:17 16.0 0 1 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 15 Sep 2020 Salavat Yulaev - Torpedo 6:2 85 0 1 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 14:39 20.0 0 0 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 17 Sep 2020 Ak Bars - Salavat Yulaev 4:1 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 12:28 14.0 1 0 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 19 Sep 2020 Kunlun RS - Salavat Yulaev 2:3 Б 85 0 0 0 -1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 7:34 10.0 0 2 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 22 Sep 2020 Salavat Yulaev - HC Sochi 2:3 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 16:11 17.0 0 0 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 24 Sep 2020 Salavat Yulaev - Traktor 3:1 85 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 13:25 19.0 0 2 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 26 Sep 2020 Salavat Yulaev - Vityaz 6:5 85 0 1 1 -1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.0 0 0 - 17:37 23.0 0 0 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 30 Sep 2020 Salavat Yulaev - Avtomobilist 1:4 85 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.0 0 0 - 16:56 20.0 0 0 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 3 Oct 2020 Neftekhimik - Salavat Yulaev 1:4 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.0 0 0 - 14:13 21.0 0 0 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 5 Oct 2020 Ak Bars - Salavat Yulaev 4:1 85 0 0 0 -1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 13:59 20.0 0 0 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 8 Oct 2020 Salavat Yulaev - Sibir 4:3 Б 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 13:06 17.0 0 1 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 10 Oct 2020 Salavat Yulaev - CSKA 2:4 85 0 0 0 -2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 11:44 15.0 1 2 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 12 Oct 2020 Salavat Yulaev - Barys 2:3 ОТ 85 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 50.0 0 0 - 15:29 22.0 0 3 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 15 Oct 2020 Kunlun RS - Salavat Yulaev 5:3 85 0 0 0 -2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 11:50 20.0 0 2 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 17 Oct 2020 Avangard - Salavat Yulaev 3:4 Б 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 13:31 21.0 0 1 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 19 Oct 2020 HC Sochi - Salavat Yulaev 0:2 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.0 0 0 - 13:27 17.0 0 0 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 21 Oct 2020 Vityaz - Salavat Yulaev 4:3 85 0 0 0 -1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 14:59 21.0 0 1 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 26 Oct 2020 Salavat Yulaev - Lokomotiv 0:5 85 0 0 0 -2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 12:13 17.0 1 0 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 28 Oct 2020 Salavat Yulaev - Amur 4:1 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 13:48 19.0 0 1 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 1 Nov 2020 Salavat Yulaev - Kunlun RS 3:2 ОТ 85 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 12:49 19.0 1 2 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 12 Nov 2020 CSKA - Salavat Yulaev 5:3 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 15:06 20.0 0 2 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 14 Nov 2020 Dynamo Msk - Salavat Yulaev 3:4 ОТ 85 0 0 0 -1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 10:19 15.0 1 1 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 16 Nov 2020 SKA - Salavat Yulaev 3:2 ОТ 85 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.0 0 0 - 14:10 18.0 0 0 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 20 Nov 2020 Salavat Yulaev - Spartak 2:1 Б 85 0 0 0 -1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 12:52 18.0 0 1 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 22 Nov 2020 Salavat Yulaev - Barys 4:1 85 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 15:38 22.0 0 2 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 25 Nov 2020 Salavat Yulaev - Neftekhimik 6:2 85 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.0 0 0 - 16:10 17.0 0 1 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 28 Nov 2020 Salavat Yulaev - SKA 2:3 Б 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 14:26 20.0 0 1 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 12 Jan 2021 Sibir - Salavat Yulaev 1:3 85 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 50.0 0 0 - 12:58 20.0 1 0 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 14 Jan 2021 Barys - Salavat Yulaev 3:6 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 13:48 19.0 1 2 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 16 Jan 2021 Metallurg Mg - Salavat Yulaev 3:2 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 10:25 14.0 1 0 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 19 Jan 2021 Salavat Yulaev - Severstal 4:2 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 7:40 11.0 0 0 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 21 Jan 2021 Traktor - Salavat Yulaev 2:1 ОТ 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 10:30 13.0 0 1 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 26 Jan 2021 Amur - Salavat Yulaev 1:2 85 0 0 0 -1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 9:44 14.0 3 0 1
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 4 Feb 2021 Salavat Yulaev - Dinamo R 5:4 Б 85 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 12:47 17.0 0 0 0
1045 Regular season 2020/2021 38 7 Feb 2021 Salavat Yulaev - Amur 4:0 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 12:26 17.0 0 1 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 3 Sep 2021 Barys - Salavat Yulaev 1:5 85 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 14:52 26.0 0 0 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 5 Sep 2021 Avtomobilist - Salavat Yulaev (а) 2:4 85 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.0 0 0 - 15:28 18.0 1 0 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 7 Sep 2021 Metallurg Mg - Salavat Yulaev 2:7 85 0 0 0 2 2 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.0 0 0 - 12:47 21.0 1 2 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 9 Sep 2021 Salavat Yulaev - Spartak 2:1 85 0 0 0 -1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 12:16 15.0 0 0 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 11 Sep 2021 Salavat Yulaev - Neftekhimik 5:1 85 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 14:44 17.0 1 1 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 16 Sep 2021 Salavat Yulaev - Kunlun RS 5:1 85 0 0 0 -1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.0 0 0 - 14:57 18.0 0 0 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 18 Sep 2021 Salavat Yulaev - Dinamo Mn 1:0 85 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.0 0 0 - 19:17 22.0 0 0 1
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 21 Sep 2021 Severstal - Salavat Yulaev 2:1 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.0 0 0 - 14:40 19.0 0 1 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 23 Sep 2021 SKA - Salavat Yulaev 2:4 85 1 1 2 -1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 50.0 0 0 - 18:39 23.0 2 1 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 25 Sep 2021 Lokomotiv - Salavat Yulaev 2:3 ОТ 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.0 0 0 - 16:57 23.0 2 0 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 29 Sep 2021 Salavat Yulaev - Avtomobilist 3:2 85 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 50.0 0 0 - 15:40 20.0 0 0 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 1 Oct 2021 Salavat Yulaev - Sibir 1:3 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.0 0 0 - 20:13 21.0 0 1 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 3 Oct 2021 Ak Bars - Salavat Yulaev 2:0 85 0 0 0 -1 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 17:19 24.0 0 0 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 5 Oct 2021 HC Sochi - Salavat Yulaev 0:3 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 14:04 21.0 0 0 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 8 Oct 2021 Salavat Yulaev - Jokerit 3:2 ОТ 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 14:00 18.0 1 1 1
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 10 Oct 2021 Salavat Yulaev - SKA 0:5 85 0 0 0 -1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0.0 0 0 - 19:17 24.0 0 1 1
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 12 Oct 2021 Salavat Yulaev - Ak Bars 2:3 Б 85 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 33.3 0 0 - 18:22 21.0 2 1 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 15 Oct 2021 Avtomobilist - Salavat Yulaev 4:3 ОТ 85 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.0 0 0 - 18:32 21.0 0 1 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 17 Oct 2021 Metallurg Mg - Salavat Yulaev 2:5 85 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 13:40 20.0 0 2 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 19 Oct 2021 Traktor - Salavat Yulaev 1:6 85 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.0 0 0 - 14:24 21.0 0 0 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 21 Oct 2021 CSKA - Salavat Yulaev 2:3 85 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 14:01 17.0 2 0 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 24 Oct 2021 Salavat Yulaev - Lokomotiv 4:3 Б 85 0 0 0 -1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.0 0 0 - 13:55 19.0 1 0 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 26 Oct 2021 Salavat Yulaev - Severstal 2:3 85 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 16:25 22.0 2 1 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 29 Oct 2021 Avangard - Salavat Yulaev 2:1 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.0 0 0 - 15:37 19.0 1 2 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 31 Oct 2021 Dinamo Mn - Salavat Yulaev 3:5 85 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.0 0 0 - 13:52 19.0 2 0 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 3 Nov 2021 Salavat Yulaev - Amur 3:2 85 0 0 0 -1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.0 0 0 - 19:56 23.0 2 0 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 5 Nov 2021 Salavat Yulaev - Avangard 2:4 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.0 0 0 - 18:24 28.0 1 0 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 16 Nov 2021 Torpedo - Salavat Yulaev 0:2 85 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 14:17 20.0 0 2 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 18 Nov 2021 Vityaz - Salavat Yulaev 2:4 85 0 0 0 -2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 16:09 23.0 1 0 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 20 Nov 2021 Dynamo Msk - Salavat Yulaev 3:1 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 17:21 21.0 0 0 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 23 Nov 2021 Salavat Yulaev - Torpedo 0:1 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 17:51 19.0 0 0 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 25 Nov 2021 Salavat Yulaev - Vityaz 2:3 Б 85 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 6:03 9.0 0 1 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 28 Nov 2021 Amur - Salavat Yulaev 2:1 85 0 0 0 -1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 - 13:45 18.0 0 0 0
1097 Regular season 2021/2022 38 30 Nov 2021 Admiral - Salavat Yulaev 0:2 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 3:33 7.0 1 0 0
Road to World Juniors: Amirov, Mukhamadullin 3 December 2020, 16:30

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
'use strict';

// ENETUNREACH

module.exports = handler;

var node_util = require('util');

var MESSAGE_ENUM = {
  ENETUNREACH: 'Network is unreachable. Please check your network connection.',
  ENOTFOUND: {
    condition: function(err) {
      return err.syscall === 'getaddrinfo';
    },

    message: function(err) {
      return 'Cannot resolve hostname "' + err.hostname + '". Please check your network connection.'
    }
  }
};

var MESSAGE_PREFIX = 'This is most likely {{bold NOT}} a problem with {{cyan cortex}} itself.';

function handler(err, callback) {
  var code = err.code;
  var descriptions = handler.parse_description(MESSAGE_ENUM[code]);

  if (!descriptions || !descriptions.length || !descriptions.some(function(des) {
    if (des.condition(err)) {
      [
        MESSAGE_PREFIX,
        des.message(err) + '\n'

      ].forEach(callback);

      return true;
    }
  })) {
    callback(err);
  }
}

function return_true() {
  return true;
}

handler.standardize = function(des) {
  if (typeof des === 'string') {
    des = {
      message: des
    };
  }

  des.condition = des.condition || return_true;

  var message = des.message;

  if (typeof des.message === 'string') {
    des.message = function() {
      return message;
    }
  }

  return des;
};

handler.parse_description = function(descriptions) {
  if (!descriptions) {
    return;
  }

  if (!node_util.isArray(descriptions)) {
    descriptions = [descriptions];
  }

  return descriptions.map(handler.standardize);
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Thanks to Alissa Simon, HMU Tutor, for today's post.
Letters often hold interest for me as a researcher and reader. They demonstrate humanity in ways that other writing cannot. People allow themselves a level of intimacy on paper that is not allowed in other areas of life. I love to write letters and I do lament that they are not as popular now as they once were. This is one of the reasons that I became interested in a collection of letters titled Velocity of Being, Letters to a Young Reader, edited by Maria Popova and Claudia Bedrick. In it, the editors have compiled letters from many famous and successful individuals, scientists, artists, musicians, and authors. One interesting aspect of this book is that the letters are all written to an unknown reader, but yet some of the letters are still startling intimate. These letters, written by successful and interesting individuals, explain how or why books have helped them in life. They all encourage us to read, but the reasons for doing so vary from person to person, and experience to experience. There are so many letters worth reading, but I have space share only a handful on today's blog. I invite you to peek into the book yourself to better understand what your favorite public figure thinks of reading.
From Ann Patchett (page 242)
"[N]othing that matters in life should be taken for granted, so if you love to read, here's how you can ensure that the generation after you and the generation after them will keep at it: all you have to do is read books. Sometimes you should read them in public places. At least some of the time read books that are printed on paper and hold them up so people can see what you're doing. When they say, 'Is that book any good?' stop reading for a minute and answer them. The wonder of books is that they are worlds we enter into alone, and yet at the same time they can connect us to other people."
From James Gleick (page 248)
"[S]omehow you do learn to read. Then, when you open a book, you scarcely see the letters or even the words. They vanish, an invisible blur across the printed page, while the information they encode pours into your mind as if through a fire hose. Look. Listen. Moonlight shining in the window; a mysterious smile glimpsed in a mirror; a muffled cry from a distant room; the squelch of wet shoes on the tile. Sights and sounds rise from the page and mingle with your experience and stir your memories. You fill in the empty spaces. There is no reading without imagination."
From Anne Lamont (page 254)
"Books are paper ships, to all worlds, to ancient Egypt, outer space, eternity, into the childhood of your favorite musician, and – the most precious stunning journey of all – into your own heart, your own family, your own history and future and body."
From Elizabeth Alexander (page 256)
"In the 1920s she [Alexander's grandmother] wrote to a university in Denmark: I am what is known as an American Negro, and I imagine you have never known one. Will you invite me to come and study at your school? This was one of my favorite of her stories. Why Denmark, I would ask her, entranced by her tales of smorgasbord, the puzzle ring she brought back from a suitor that one day became mine, and the sari she began to wear after being mistaken for Indian. Because when I was a teenager I read about the statue of the little mermaid being built, in Copenhagen harbor, and I wanted to see it for myself."
Helen Fagin (page 58)
"At twenty-one, I was forced into Poland's WWII ghetto, where being caught reading anything forbidden by the Nazis meant, at best, hard labor; at worst, death./ There I conducted a clandestine school offering Jewish children a chance at the essential education denied them by their captors. But I soon came to feel that teaching these sensitive young souls Latin and mathematics was cheating them of something far more essential – what they needed wasn't dry information but hope, the kind that comes from being transported into a dream-world of possibility…./ A knock at the door shattered our dream-world. As the class silently exited, a pale green-eyed girl turned to me with a tearful smile: 'Thank you so very much for this journey into another world.'… / Of the twenty-two pupils in my secret school, only four survived the Holocaust./ The pale green-eyed girl was one of them. … / There are times when dreams sustain us more than facts. To read a book and surrender to a story is to keep our very humanity alive."
Alan Lightman (page 66)
"Keep in mind that information is not the same thing as knowledge. You still need to think about what you are learning and what it means. To do that, you will need to turn off your neurochip from time to time. It is valuable to connect to the world, and it is also valuable to disconnect and listen to your own mind think."
There are many other inspirational letters in this interesting volume. If you get the chance, take a peek in this book (as well as many others).
To leave a comment, click on the title of this post and scroll down.
In Authors, Book Reviews, Communication, Community, Education, Imagination, Imaginative Literature, Tutor Post Tags imaginative literature, books, Community, Book Review, Imagination, Education
From King to Rankine
Every Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, I enjoy rereading some of Dr. King's remarkable works. As a culture, we are still coming to terms with his life, his death, and his very beautiful words. Personally, his words resonate with me in any number of ways. Foremost, perhaps, is the fact that he calls for honest (and perhaps painful) dialogue. The "Letter from Birmingham Jail," for example, is a rational response to eight clergymen who called King's activities "unwise and untimely." In this letter, King writes that he cannot respond to all criticism, but he wants to address their particular concerns because he feels that they "are men of genuine good will" and that their "criticisms are sincerely set forth." This, then, is a necessary prerequisite to any actual dialogue: the open-minded ability to weigh another person's argument.
This same element of discussion is being embraced throughout America in a number of ways. I recently listened to an OnBeing podcast of a discussion between Claudia Rankine, the Frederick Iseman Professor of Poetry at Yale University and founder of The Racial Imaginary Institute, and Krista Tippett. My favorite moment of this discussion is perhaps also one of the more uncomfortable moments in which Krista Tippett takes for granted the idea that in the '70s or '80s American society had moved past race. Claudia Rankine interrupts her and says, "Don't say 'surely we were past this.'" She means to say that the more nuanced elements of racism linger in ways that outsiders can hardly imagine and so while some people saw progress, others were still seeing perpetuated injustices like disproportionate incarceration rates. The moment is slightly uncomfortable, but the result is a shared understanding, which to me is the greatest achievement of dialogue. Not all moments will be successful or transcendent, but these small moments work toward a greater good. The transcript of this section reads:
Ms. Tippett: Well, right. But I think there are reasons to feel that, to be nervous. And it's interesting, because there aren't that many people, even just given this conversation - there aren't that many people like Eula [Biss], saying, let's talk about whiteness. Let's talk about whiteness. There was actually a moment in that conversation with her where - two white people talking about whiteness, and we both agreed that it was mortifying and embarrassing and messy. Part of it is, you feel like, surely, we were past this. We shouldn't be having to have this conversation at this advanced age. She talked about how —
Ms. Rankine: Krista, don't say that. Don't say, "Surely we were past this."
Ms. Tippett: I think that's one reason people feel awkward, because we're still getting over from this cathartic five years —
Ms. Rankine: No, but you know: mass incarceration — you know what's happening.
Ms. Tippett: I know.
Ms. Rankine: So not "surely" — I mean, those things were always happening.
Ms. Tippett: They were, but I think people who grew up in the '60s and '70s and '80s and '90s were born into a world in which they were told that yes, sure, it wasn't perfect yet, but we were inexorably moving past it. That's an instinct. And now we're having to unlearn and say, actually, we weren't anywhere. We just made baby steps. That's what I mean.
Ms. Rankine: OK, OK.
I appreciate Claudia Rankine's persistence and care with speech, and also her patience to understand Krista Tippett's response. I also appreciate Krista Tippett's ability to explain what she meant and how she meant it. Subjects such as racism are personal and offensive and often instill hateful rhetoric. To me, this conversation demonstrates necessary elements of reason, patience, and open minds.
It is important, perhaps vital, to note the moments when people disagree. As a leader of conversations, I try to take advantage of those awkward moments, which is not always easy (or successful). The conversation between Rankine and Tippett reminded me, once more, of Dr. King's words. More than anything, he is frustrated by the "appalling silence of good people." He writes that "injustice must be exposed, with all the tension its exposure creates, to the light of human conscience and the air of national opinion before it can be cured."
This conversation deals specifically with elements of race, but dialogue is a necessary aspect of all human relations. I find that the more we practice open-minded listening, the better we will become as a society.
To leave a comment, click on the title of this blog and scroll down.
In change, Communication, Community, Culture, Custom, Experience, Imaginative Literature, Interview, Language, Tutor Post Tags Culture, Imaginative Literature, Discussion, Change, Communication, Community
What's Your Sign?
"Let's listen with our eyes and not just our ears. That would be the ideal." -Christine Sun Kim
Early exposure to language seems to be the key in all languages. The key to what? Success in that language, or with language in general? Or in society? What is the bar for success and how is it measured? With today's blog, I want to better understand how language expresses thought, particularly through the lens of sign language.
Most of us have some experience with a young, non-verbal child (your own, someone else's, or even through movies, etc) in which the child wishes to communicate. Think of the crabby one or two year old demanding something by screaming or crying, body language and/or facial expressions. Also, think of the parents' joy at their child's first word. It really is amazing to have these tiny humans mimic words at such a young age. This seems to be proof of an innate desire to communicate with others. Even if it is mimicry at this stage, they come to grasp the idea of language and communication, which still leaves me wondering how far language is learned versus innate. The child simply sees adults talking, or perhaps older siblings, and they want to join. Spoken language has existed for over 60,000 years, making it difficult to differentiate natural from learned behaviors. However, a lot of superb scholarship is currently coming out of sign language due to two facts: a) it is a relatively new language and b) sign language is not linked with verbal language. These differences offer some key insights into how languages act.
According to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), sign language relies upon visual cues alone. It creates language with bodies and space. Though there is an alphabet, it is used mainly for spelling new words or names. While there are a number of popular sign languages, today's blog focuses mostly on American Sign Language (ASL).
First, let's start with fingerspelling. This is the process of spelling a new word, such as the name of a person or organization. But it could also be some new piece of information. According to this lesson plan on ASLU, many flowers lack specific signs in ASL. Therefore if you want to say daisy, you would fingerspell D-A-I-S-Y. In further explanation of the utility of fingerspelling, the instructor continues: "How about food? While there are quite a few signs for various food items, there are thousands of types of foods that have no established sign. Hold on to your chair when I tell you this - there isn't even a widely accepted sign for burrito. (As opposed to a burro, which is a small donkey. We do have a sign for "donkey," but try showing a picture of a both a donkey AND a mule to 10 different Deaf people and watch 'em tell you 'mule is spelled.') And a mule is a relatively common animal -- don't even get me started on 'ring-tailed lemurs!'"
Another use of fingerspelling is when you have a common name like John or Bob, you can fingerspell the name, but refer to a particular space in front of you which will equal "Bob" for the rest of the conversation. So, as a shortcut, you can point to that space to indicate Bob, rather than fingerspelling the name each time. There are some instances, however, in which a name does have a particular sign. Think of names like Dawn or Penny. These are somewhat common names which also have a corresponding sign. In this case, you would fingerspell the name to explain that you mean to designate a proper noun and not the concept of dawn, for example.
In fact, names offer such a rich area of study in terms of sign language. There is an entire culture dedicated to naming things in sign language. Names often depend upon a person's characteristics as decided by the Deaf community. This short video from My Smart Hands gives a little more understanding into how names are assigned.
SignSavvy.com (among others) explains:
"Fingerspelling your name can seem a bit impersonal, especially among friends. So, members of the Deaf community often give each other sign names. Your sign name is often related to something about you (a characteristic). For example, if you have curly hair, your sign name may be a combination of the first letter of your name and the sign for curly hair. Culturally, it is not appropriate to pick your own sign name and only Deaf people assign sign names. When you first use a sign name in a conversation, you would fingerspell the name and then show the sign name. Once the people know who you are talking about, the sign name makes it easier and more personal to refer to the person during the conversation."
Many cultures have not been able to control their own language due to outside oppression and/or language mixing. While French sign language and ASL do share a common history, today they are distinct languages. Due to the unique nature of the Deaf community, it is not clear (to me, at least) to what extent an outside force could actually affect or alter a particular sign language. (For more on this, check out Nicaraguan Sign Language or the fascinating Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language.) It makes sense that the Deaf community prefers to assign their own signs for names, since much of sign language relies upon a cultural understanding of how to use space, body language and gesture itself. In the same way that typing in all capital letters looks like shouting, some subtle body change (such as pointing, shaking your hand, or raising an eyebrow) may greatly affect the nature of the word that you mean. The artist Christine Sun Kim explains that "In deaf culture, movement contains sound." (She explains the concept of full-body language in this TedTalk.) Signs can express irony, sarcasm, anger, humor, etc. just as capably as voiced speech. Understanding humor or sarcasm in a second language, however, is one of the greatest challenges of learning a new language.
Due to the way that sign language involves full body language, I find that it is an extremely emotive language. While the Syntopicon does an adequate job of outlining topics related to Language, I find fault that there is not a cross-reference for Language in terms of Emotion. I believe there is much development to be made between the cognitive associations of language making, language preferences, language learning, memory recall and emotion. Since memory and emotion are both contained in the limbic system of our brains , it would make sense to pair language recall with memory and/or emotion. (To Adler's credit, he does suggest a link between Memory and Imagination). There is room though, I believe, for exploration regarding emotion as it relates to language cognition, use, and development. One other area of great interest to me is the bridge between Language and Art (which Adler does address in the Syntopicon). (For more about the deaf experience in the world of art (and sound), check out artist Christine Sun Kim's exploration of noise.)
I also wish that there was a cross-reference between Language and Nature. Is language natural? In what way(s) does the early language-learner express a natural tendency to communicate? If the young child desires to communicate, is this concrete evidence that natural language exists, that language is natural to humans? What does it mean to say that language is natural? And finally, what can a developing language such as sign language tell us about language itself?
In Art, Communication, Creation, Culture, Great Ideas, Language, Nature, Syntopicon, Tutor Post, Emotion Tags Sign language, Language, Culture, Art, Emotion
Imagination in Flight
In Left Hand of Darkness, Ursula Le Guin has her protagonist, Genly Ai, travel to the distant planet Gethen which has no birds or flying insects. As a result, the communities there never even thought to attempt flight and their language has no word for flying. It is no wonder, then, that the people mistrust Genly who arrives by airship. It is also easy to see why Le Guin chose this scenario. She masterfully removes something which we often take for granted (that there are flying animals and insects) and then demonstrates how it impacts imagination. (For the record, there are many other major differences between our earthly world and Gethen, but I'm only talking flight today. I definitely recommend the book for all of those who are curious about science fiction experiments.) In chapter thirteen, Genly Ai and another man are sharing folktales about the places where they are from. Genly shares the story of flight. He remarks that he is not talking about a spirit world, but the real world. He says, "'Not by flapping their arms, you know. They flew in machines like cars.' But it was hard to say in Orgota, which lacks a word meaning precisely 'to fly'; the closest one can come has more the meaning of 'glide.' 'Well, they learned how to make machines that went right over the air as a sledge goes over the snow.'" Of course, in order to communicate, language restricts Genly Ai to analogies of the place where he is, so he focuses on a common machine from this icy climate, the sled.
Albuquerque International Hot Air Balloon Fiesta. Photo credit: Alissa Simon
The history of flight is extremely curious and inspiring. The history of aviation includes such fascinating, bold, strong personalities as Emilia Earhart, Charles Lindbergh, the Wright brothers and many, many others. However, I was caught by surprise recently when I discovered how little I know about lighter-than-air ships. In reading Ships of the Air by Lyn Curlee, I saw again that same spark of curiosity that often drives human invention. Curlee writes, "One day, after watching ashes from a fire float upward, Joseph Montgolfier folded a piece of paper, held it above a fire, then watched it fly up the chimney. Joseph believed that the smoky fire created some kind of gas that was lighter than air. Only later did he and Étienne understand that hot air rises. But Joseph did understand that if a big enough bag could be filled with hot 'gas,' the bag would rise off the ground – and could carry a person with it." From there begins a wonderful, rich, global history layered with politics and science. After Montgolfier demonstrated a hot air balloon flight to Marie Antoinette, the world took note. Furthermore, his balloon contained a flight crew of a sheep, rooster, and duck, whose survival proved that the atmosphere was higher than previously imagined. Many people became interested in designing and flying airships. In the late 1800s, they became popular sights in France, London and Germany. And as war broke out, the zeppelin famously became a machine of war, rather than leisure.
Back when the Montgolfier brothers were experimenting with cloth and paper balloons, however, there were many misconceptions regarding flight. Curlee writes that in 1766, "Professor Charles's balloon floated 15 miles into the countryside, landing near a small village. The villagers, who thought the balloon was a monster, destroyed it with pitchforks." This mentality echoes what Le Guin describes on her science fiction world, Gethen. It took an incredible amount of imagination to believe in flight. Furthermore, imagination is, in part, problem-solving. For the story of airships to become any kind of success indicates that man must often think outside the box. I return to Joseph Montgolfier watching ashes rise. With possibility comes the calculated risk of burning the paper. Understandably, then, the airship has faced many problems, such as weather, flammability, size versus weight ratios, etc. Curlee continues, "The story of lighter-than-air travel is mainly the story of failures. People who designed airships made many mistakes – often because they were experimenting with new technology, sometimes because they were careless." Even so, hot-air balloons still inspire our imaginations. They predate airplanes, have been created by humans all over the globe, and have been put to many uses (including a German mail service). One thing is clear, flight of any kind captivates humans. The ability to defy gravity, even for an instant, sparks the imagination.
Darth Vader at the Albuquerque International Hot Air Balloon Fiesta. Photo credit: Alissa Simon
These photographs were taken at the Albuquerque International Hot Air Balloon Fiesta. Every October, over five hundred balloonists visit Albuquerque for its unique landscape and wind patterns. Balloons feature colorful designs, brand names, and cultural icons (Darth Vader is often a big hit). To see five hundred balloons floating up in the sunrise certainly inspires the imagination!
In Communication, Creation, Culture, Great Ideas, Language, man, Natural Science, Science fiction, Tutor Post, War, Imagination Tags Imagination, Science Fiction, Culture, War


text:
C & C Grocery Stores
Essays on C & C Grocery Stores Case Study
Tags: Grocery StoremanagerOrganizational StructureSwot Analysisteamwork
The paper "C & C Grocery Stores" is a perfect example of a business case study. A lot has been debated concerning the organization structures. However, there are two significant reasons why the hypothesis has not constantly fit the truth. Although this thought is useful, it does not mention how organizations can in reality change their structure to enhance productivity. C & C grocery stores in the past operated under one goal strategy. They were dedicated to customer satisfaction and service. The store's functional goals were realized and the chain has had more than 200 stores operating under its name.
For many years general operations for C & C have been excellent and stable. Unfortunately, staff development and modernization and change were not given more emphasis and it started to show. Richard (2009) claims that the contingency efficiency strategies are anchored in looking at which divisions of the organization managers regard as most vital to measuring. The report analyses the reasons why C & C' s organizational structure to live up to its expectation. 2.0 How Organizational Structure Affects C & C Grocery Store Performance The existing structure at C& C appears to be correlated to the internal process strategies.
The internal process strategies look at internal events and evaluate efficiency by pointers of internal effectiveness and health. This is shown in the case by the explanations of the responsibilities of different stakeholders in the organization. After examining and analyzing C& C Grocery Stores it is evidently observed what type of business they are and how they can improve their business practices in the future. After all, they have to understand and react to the 21st-century concerns to thrive in today' s fast-changing and competitive setting (Richard, 2009 p 137).
A business merely maintaining its origins and how it has been carrying out business in the past years is a procedure for disaster. In most parts of my report, I will talk about a SWOT analysis and how C& C Grocery Stores' structure affects its performance.
Daft, R 2013, Organization Theory and Design, London, South-Western College Pub.
Daft, R., Jonathan, M & Hugh, W 2010, Organization Theory and Design Cengage, London, Learning Business Press.
Hedberg, B., G. Dahlgren, J and Olve, N 1999, Virtual Organizations and Beyond: Discover Imaginary Systems, Chichester, John Wiley & Sons.
Herold, D. M., Fedor, D & Caldwell, S 2007, Beyond change management: A multilevel investigation of contextual and personal influences on employees' commitment to change, Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, p. 942–951.
Jacobides., M 2007, The inherent limits of organizational structure and the unfulfilled role of hierarchy: Lessons from a near-war, New York, Organization Science.
Lim, M., G. Griffiths, and Sambrook, S 2010, Organizational structure for the twenty-first century. Presented at the annual meeting of The Institute for Operations Research and The Management Sciences, Austin.
Robbins, S & Judge, T 2007, Organizational Behaviour, 12th edn. London, Pearson Education Inc.


text:
Redwood is an internet content-filtering program. It is designed to
replace and improve on DansGuardian as the core of the Security
Appliance internet filter. It adds flexibility and granularity to the
filtering by classifying sites into multiple categories instead of just
"Allow" and "Block."

Basic Architecture
==================

Redwood runs as an HTTP proxy server. It examines each HTTP message to
determine if it should be allowed to proceed. If so, it passes the
message on to its final destination. If not, it replaces the message
with a customizable page stating that the request is not allowed
(optionally giving the reason and providing a link for filing an
overblock request).

Redwood's filtering is based on URLs and also, where applicable, on page
content. (By default, content filtering is applied to files whose MIME
type starts with `text`.)

Configuration File
==================

By default, the main configuration file is located at
`/etc/redwood/redwood.conf`. This path can be changed by using the `-c`
command line switch. Configuration options may be specified either in
the configuration file or as command-line switches. In the configuration
file, they may be specified either as `key = value` or as `key value`.
Comments are delimited with `#`. Values may be enclosed in double
quotes, with the usual backslash escapes. Additional configuration files
may be included by using the `include` directive.

An example configuration file:

    # Listen for connections on port 8000.
    http-proxy :8000

    # the template for the block page
    blockpage "/etc/redwood/block.html"

    # directory of static files to be served by the internal web server
    static-files-dir /etc/redwood/static

    # directory of CGI scripts to run by the internal web server
    cgi-bin /etc/redwood/cgi

    # the directory containing the category information
    categories /etc/redwood/categories

    # the file containing the Access Control List configuration
    acls /etc/redwood/acls.conf

    # the minimum total score from a blocked category needed
    # to block a page
    threshold 275

    # file configuring the content pruning
    content-pruning /etc/redwood/pruning.conf

    # file configuring URL query modification
    query-changes /etc/redwood/safesearch.conf

    # path to the access log
    access-log /var/log/redwood/access.log

Categories
==========

The configuration files for Redwood allow the user to establish any
number of categories corresponding to the types of content that he
wishes to block or to allow. As each HTTP message is processed, it is
assigned a score in each category, based on the filter lists that are
set up for that category. These scores are then used to determine
whether the page should be blocked.

Each category is a assigned an action: allow, block, or ignore. A page
will be blocked if the score for any category listed as `block` is
higher than the highest score for any category listed as `allow`. If a
category is listed as `ignore`, its score does not affect whether a page
is blocked or not. However, a page is not blocked unless the score for
the highest `block` category is greater than a certain configurable
threshold. This prevents overblocks of pages with almost no textual
content.

The categories are stored in a directory whose location is specified in
the configuration file. Each subdirectory of that directory defines a
category (with the same name as the directory).

Each category's directory contains a file named `category.conf` and any
number of rule-list files. A category named "mechanical" might have a
`category.conf` file like the following:

    description: Auto Repair
    action: allow

This configuration would mean that the category's user-visible
description would be "Auto Repair" rather than "mechanical," and that
pages that fall into the category would be allowed. The description
defaults to the category name, and the action defaults to `ignore`.
Actions can be overriden for specific users by the use of ACLs.
A `category.conf` file may also have the entry `invisible: true`; this
indicates that when a page is blocked because it belongs to that
category, the response will be an invisible image instead of the usual
block page.

The rule-list files define the rules used to calculate the category's
score. Each rule-list file must have an extension of `.list`. (This rule
ensures that files ending in `.bak`, `.orig`, etc. are ignored.) It is a
plain-text file encoded in UTF-8. Comments are delimited with `#`. Here
is an example of a rule-list file that might be in the directory for the
"mechanical" category mentioned earlier:

    napaonline.com 200 # Give napaonline.com 200 points for this category.
    www.napaonline.com/catalog/ 50 # bonus points for NAPA's catalog

    default 150 # The following domains will each get 150 points.
    carquest.com
    autozone.com

    /t[iy]re/ 75 # Any page with tire or tyre in the URL will get 75 points.
    /parts/h 50 # A page with parts in the hostname will get 50 points

    <grease gun> 25 # 25 points for each occurrence of "grease gun" in the content
    <oil filter> 25 100 # 25 points for each occurrence, but no more than 100 total

    %909841dcf4d4c000ff7f00fe30820000 100 # A hash of an image from napaonline.com

There are four kinds of filter rules:

- URL matching

    A URL matching rule consists of a domain name, optionally followed
    by a path. After it, separated by a space, is the weight—the number
    of points that get added to this category's score for sites that
    match the rule.

    A rule for a domain will also match subdomains: `napaonline.com`
    also matches `www.napaonline.com`. A rule with a path will also
    match longer paths: `www.napaonline.com/catalog` also matches
    `www.napaonline.com/catalog/result.aspx`.

    If a domain and a subdomain (or a path and a subdirectory) are both
    listed, the subdomain will effectively get the sum of the two
    weights. For example, if `xerox.com` were listed with 100 points,
    and `support.xerox.com` were listed with 50 points,
    `support.xerox.com` would actually get a score of 150 points.

- URL regular expressions

    A regular expression to match the URL is listed between slashes. The
    points are added to the category score for each page whose URL
    matches the regular expression. The URL is converted to lower case
    before comparing it to the regular expressions. The regular
    expression syntax is that supported by the RE2 library.

    A regular expression can be restricted to matching a certain part of
    the URL by adding a one-character suffix immediately after the final
    slash. A suffix of `h` matches the hostname (e.g. `www.google.com`),
    `d` matches the base domain name (e.g. `google`), `p` matches the
    path, and `q` matches the query.

- Content phrases

    Unlike the other two kinds of rules, these apply to the content of
    the page, not the URL. Phrases are enclosed between angle brackets.
    Before testing to see if a phrase matches, both the phrase and the
    page are simplified: capital letters are converted to lowercase, all
    characters that are not letters or digits are replaced by spaces,
    and multiple spaces are replaced by single spaces. Then the phrase
    weight is added to the page's score for the category for each time
    the phrase is found on the page. But if the phrase has a second
    weight listed, no more than that amount will be added no matter how
    many times the phrase occurs. (In the example, if "oil filter"
    occurred more than four times, the additional occurrences wouldn't
    count.)

    The content of the page is scanned for phrases only if phrase
    scanning is selected with the `phrase-scan` ACL action.

- Image Hashes

	Redwood can hash images using the library at
	https://github.com/andybalholm/dhash.
    The rule consists of a percent sign (`%`) followed by the
    32-character hash calculated by the dhash program.

	Images are hashed only if hashing is selected with the
    `hash-image` ACL action.

There is also a `default` rule. It specifies what weight will be
assigned to rules that don't specify a weight. It applies to all rules
without a specified weight between it and the next `default` rule or the
end of the file. If there is no `default` rule, the default weight is
zero.

Weights must be integers, but they may be negative. Negative weights can
be used to offset short, general matches with long, more-specific ones,
e.g.:

    <grease> 10
    <grease paint> -10

If a page is blocked based on its URL (i.e. by URL matching and/or URL
regular expressions), its content will not be evaluated because the page
will not be downloaded.

Access Control Lists (ACLs)
===========================

Much of Redwood's functionality is configured with Access Control Lists
(ACLs). Each request is assigned a number of ACL tags, and then an
action is chosen based on those tags. For example:

    acl no-web user-ip 192.168.1.25
    block no-web

The first line creates an ACL tag `no-web`, and assigns it to all
requests coming from IP address 192.168.1.25. The second line causes all
requests with that tag to be blocked.

ACLs are checked at several points during the processing of a request:
before sending the request to the origin server, after receiving a
response, and after scanning the content for phrases. Each time, the
request may have different ACL tags, since more information is
available. Each stage also has a different set of possible actions,
although there is some overlap. (The `allow`, `block`, and
`block-invisible` actions are always available.)

Any number of ACL files can be loaded with the `acl` directive in the
configuration file. An ACL file can load other ACL files with a line
that contains `include` and the filename.

Assigning ACL Tags
------------------

ACL tags are assigned by lines starting with `acl`. These lines have the
format:

    acl tag-name attribute values

The `tag-name` can be any name that does not include spaces. The
`attribute` refers to some property of the request or response (listed
below). The `values` are a space-separated list; if any of them matches
the attribute's value, the tag will be assigned. If there is more than
one `acl` line with the same tag name, the tag will be applied if any of
them matches (logical OR). An ACL may have a description associated with
it with a line like `describe tag-name A long description`.

In addition to the tags assigned by `acl` lines, a request is assigned a
tag for its highest-scoring category (if the score is above the
threshold).

The following attributes are available:

- content-type

    (response only) The response's media type, usually taken from the
    Content-Type header. This can also be a generic type, with an
    asterisk after the slash:

		acl images content-type image/*

- method

    The HTTP request method, such as `GET` or `POST`.

- referer

    The request's Referer header. (This matches the same way as regular
    URL matching rules.)

- time

    The current time.

		acl work-hours time MTWHF 9:00-17:00

    This attribute lets you select certain days of the week and/or
    ranges of times of the day. If the days of the week are specified,
    they must come first; they are abbreviated SMTWHFA. Any number of
    time ranges may be specified; the rule will match if the current
    time falls within any of them. Times must be in 24-hour format.

- url

    The URL requested. (This matches the same way as regular URL
    matching rules.)

- user-agent

	The User-Agent header.
	Instead of interpreting the remainder of the line as a list of values,
	this attribute interprets it as a single regular expression to be
	matched against the User-Agent string.
	The matching is case-sensitive.

- user-ip

    The user's IP address, or a range of addresses (in CIDR format, or
    with a dash).

		acl managers 10.0.2.5 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.2.18-25

- user-name

    The username from HTTP proxy authentication.

ACL Actions
-----------

After the ACL tags are assigned, Redwood goes through the ACL files
looking for an action to perform. An action will be selected only if it
has all the tags specified in the action line. (And none of the negated
tags; if a tag in an action line is preceded by an exclamation point,
the request must not have that tag.) Since it goes through the files in
order, earlier action lines take precedence over later ones. If it gets
to the end of the file without finding a matching rule, it will use the
default action of the highest-scoring category. If there is no category
that scores over the threshold, the default action is `allow`.

- allow

    Allow the request to proceed.

- block

    Respond with an HTTP status code of 403, and send the standard block
    page.

- block-invisible

    Respond with HTTP 403, and send an invisible 1-pixel image instead
    of a block page.

- hash-image

    (response only) Calculate a hash of the image, and compare it to the
    hash rules. If the difference between this hash and the one in the rule
    is less than the number of bits specified with `--dhash-threshold`,
	it matches.

    This action should only be applied when the content is an image:

        acl image content-type image/jpeg image/gif image/png
        hash-image image

- ignore-category

    Drop the highest-scoring category off the list of categories, and go
    through the ACL files again.

- phrase-scan

    (response only) Run a phrase scan on the page content. Normally this
    will be configured to depend on the content type:

		acl text content-type text/* application/xhtml+xml
		acl css content-type text/css
		phrase-scan text !css

- require-auth

    (request only) Send an HTTP 407 response if the request doesn't have
    a Proxy-Authorization header.

- ssl-bump

    (CONNECT requests only) Activate the SSLBump feature, to filter
    HTTPS connections. (Transparently intercepted HTTPS connections
    produce a virtual CONNECT request inside Redwood, so they can be
    filtered too.)

URL Query Modification
======================

When processing an HTTP request, Redwood can modify the query parameters
in the URL. The configuration file for these changes is specified with
the `query-changes` keyword. Each line contains a URL-matching or
URL-regular-expression rule, followed by a query expression. If the
query in the URL already contains parameters with the same names as
those specified in the file, they will be replaced with the new values.
Otherwise the new values will be added.

    # Force safe search on several search engines.
    /www\.google\.[^/]+/search/ safe=vss
    search.lycos.com adv=1&adf=on
    search.yahoo.com vm=r
    /hotbot/h adf=on
    www.metacrawler.com familyfilter=1

Content Pruning
===============

Between downloading a page and scanning its content for phrases, Redwood
can perform "content pruning." This is scanning the parsed HTML tree for
elements matching certain criteria, and deleting those elements and
their children.

Content pruning is controlled by a configuration file. Each line of the
file contains a URL-matching or URL-regular-expression rule to specify
what site or page the pruning applies to, and a CSS selector to specify
what elements to delete. Between the two, there may be a threshold
value. If a threshold is specified, the element and its children are
phrase-scanned before
deleting. It is deleted only if the score from the phrases found in a
blocked category is at least the threshold.

    # Craigslist personals and discussion forums
    craigslist.org div#ppp, div#forums, option[value=ppp]

    # Bing ad sidebar
    bing.com div.sb_adsNv2

    # Delete questionable forum topics.
    talk.newagtalk.com/forums 50 td.messagecellbody > ul

Block Pages
===========

When Redwood blocks access to a web page, it returns an HTTP response
with a status of 404 Forbidden. Unless the category that caused the page
to be blocked is configured as `invisible`, the body of the 404 response
will be HTML rendered from a template file. The template file is
specified with the `blockpage` configuration directive. The following
placeholders may be used in the template file, to be replaced by the
appropriate information when the block page is sent:

- {{.URL}}

    the URL of the page that was blocked

- {{.Categories}}

    the names of the categories that caused the page to be blocked

- {{.Conditions}}

    the conditions of the ACL rule that caused the page to be blocked

- {{.User}}

    the user's IP address or username

- {{.Tally}}

    a list of the rules that matched, and how many times each one
    matched

- {{.Scores}}

    a list of categories, and how many points the page scored in each
    category

The block page is generated using the Go template package; see
`http://golang.org/pkg/text/template` and
`http://golang.org/pkg/html/template` for documentation.

There is one custom function defined for the templates to use, `eq`,
which tests its parameters for equality.

Virtual Web Servers
===================

Since the block page may need to refer to external resources (such as
images, stylesheets, and scripts), Redwood includes an internal web
server. This web server does not accept connections directly, but
whenever Redwood processes a request with a server address of
203.0.113.1, it directs the request to the internal server instead of
processing it normally. The content of the internal web server is
configured with the `static-files-dir`, and `cgi-bin` directives.

If a more advanced virtual server is needed, you can use the
`virtual-host` directive to transparently redirect requests for a given
hostname to a different address, such as an Apache web server running on
your gateway. If the server is running on your gateway, listening on
port 8888, and you want it to be available as `myserver.local`, use
`virtual-host myserver.local localhost:8888`. (Note: proxy settings are
not set on the client, and Redwood is intercepting requests
transparently, this will work only if the DNS server resolves the name
to an IP address outside your local network. Any IP address will do,
though. OpenDNS's website-unavailable address works fine. Also note that
`virtual-host` only works with HTTP, not with HTTPS.)

Test Mode
=========

If Redwood is run with the `-test` switch, it does not run as a proxy
server. Instead, it evaluates the URL given as an argument after the
switch. It prints detailed debugging information about how the URL and
its content would be rated if that page were requested in normal
operation: how many times each rule matches, what the score is in each
category, which categories would block the page, etc.

Log Files
=========

Redwood has several categories of messages that can be logged:

General diagnostic messages are sent to standard error by default, and
may be redirected to a file using normal shell redirection.

The access log has a line for each request processed. It is in CSV
format and goes to standard output by default. It can be sent to a file
by including the `access-log` directive in Redwood's configuration file.
The access log has the following fields: time, username or IP address,
action (allow or block), URL, HTTP method (GET, PUT, etc.),
HTTP response status (if an HTTP response was being processed), content
type, content-length, whether the content was modified by Redwood, which
rules matched (and how many times), the score for each category, the
list of categories that caused the page to be blocked (if it was),
the page title (if `log-title` is enabled),
a list of the categories that were ignored even though they had higher
scores than the one that determined the action,
and the User-Agent header (if `log-user-agent` is enabled).
The content length is meaningful only if a phrase scan was performed.
The page title is available only if a phrase scan was performed and
`log-title` was enabled in the configuration (logging the page title
requires parsing the HTML, so it is disabled by default).

The TLS log has a line for each HTTPS connection that was intercepted.
Like the access log, it goes to standard output by default, and it can
be sent to a file with the `tls-log` directive. The TLS log has the
following fields: time, username or client IP address, server name,
server address, and any error that was encountered.

Authentication
==============

Redwood can be configured (using the `require-auth` ACL action) to
require HTTP basic proxy authentication, with a username and password.
The usernames and passwords can come from a file that is specified by
the `--password-file` configuration directive. Each line in the file
consists of a username, a space or a tab, and a password. Alternatively,
a program can be specified to perform authentication with
`--auth-helper`. Each line of the program's input will be a username and
a password, separated by a space. It should respond with `OK` if the
password is correct, or `ERR` if it is not. One such program is
`basic_pam_auth`, which is included with Squid.

Some software does not support proxy authentication.
To work around this, Redwood has the `cache-auth` configuration directive.
This lets programs that don't support authentication reuse the credentials
from those that do running on the same device.
For example, if `cache-auth` is set to 3600,
credentials will be saved for one hour (3600 seconds).
So if the user connects to the proxy with a program that supports authentication,
all requests from that IP address within the next hour will be authenticated
with the same credentials.

SSLBump
=======

Redwood can be configured (using the `ssl-bump` ACL action) to perform
Man-in-the-Middle filtering of HTTPS traffic. This feature is called
SSLBump after the corresponding feature in Squid.

For SSLBump to work, Redwood must be configured with a root certificate
that is trusted by the users' browsers. Paths to the certificate and its
private key are specified with the `tls-cert` and `tls-key` options. The
certificate and key should be in PEM format.

Redwood uses the system root certificates to verify the identity of the
sites it bumps. Other trusted root certificates can be specified with
the `trusted-root` option.

The SSLBump feature only works with SSL version 3 and newer (including all TLS versions).
By default, earlier versions are passed through unfiltered.
It can be configured to block them instead with the `block-obsolete-ssl` option.

Transparent Proxy
=================

With the proper firewall setup, Redwood can transparently intercept
connections to web servers and filter them without needing to configure
proxy settings on the client computers.
Intercepted HTTP connections can use the same proxy port as is used
for manually-configured proxy connections.
For HTTPS connections, Redwood must be configured to listen for
intercepted connections on a separate port, with the `transparent-https`
directive.

The following configuration lines will set Redwood to listen on
ports 6502 and 6510:

	http-proxy :6502
	transparent-https :6510

If Redwood is running on a Linux gateway/router system,
the following iptables rules will enable transparent
filtering for the computers on the LAN
(assuming that the LAN interface is `eth1`):

	iptables -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 6502
	iptables -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp --dport 443 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 6510

To do the same thing with pf on a FreeBSD gateway
(assuming that the LAN interface is `re0`):

	table <filtered> { re0:network }
	rdr pass inet proto tcp from <filtered> to any port 80 -> re0 port 6502
	rdr pass inet proto tcp from <filtered> to any port 443 -> re0 port 6510


If you receive employee stock options (ESOP) or restricted stock units (RSU) at work or participate in the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) offered by your employer, you should be aware of new CRA rules on withholding taxes. In the past, employers typically did not withhold taxes at the time an employee received or exercised their stock option benefits. Instead, stock option benefits were included in the T4 slips and employees paid any taxes owing at the time they filed their taxes.
Budget 2010 proposes to repeal the tax deferral election and to clarify existing withholding requirements to ensure that an amount in respect of tax on the value of the employment benefit associated with the issuance of a security is required to be remitted to the government by the employer. This amount will be added to the employer's remittances of tax withheld at source in respect of all employee salary and benefits, including other in-kind benefits, for the period that includes the date on which the security was issued or sold. These measures will prevent situations in which an employee is unable to meet his or her tax obligation as a result of a decrease in the value of these securities.
The Government provided some time for businesses to adjust their payroll systems to handle withholding taxes on employee stock benefits. My understanding is that starting this year, employers will withhold taxes on stock option benefits. Here's an example of how it would work. Let's say you are in the top 46% tax bracket. If you exercise and sell options on 100 shares of your employer, you will be subject to a withholding tax on the value of 23 of those options (assuming 50% of the stock option benefit is taxable).
Speaking as someone who has deferred stock option benefit gains, I think these changes are a good idea. As for the promised relief, there is now an RC310 form to fill out, but I'm still waiting after having sent it in 2 months ago. I'll let you know if there is any actual relief.
A big issue yet to be resolved as far as I know is, that the tax withholding in many cases will be based on unrealized cash stock option gains, yet cash withholdings are due. So how does the employer get the tax withholding from the employee? Do they take it from future salary, request personal funds, or require the sale of some of the related shares?
I read something recently that there still has not been any guidance provided by CRA, however, I have had no reason to follow up to confirm such.
I'm just speculating — I don't know how this will actually work.
But I'm wondering if it _might_ work like this: Suppose you want to exercise 100 options with a strike price of $1 and the current market value is $11. So in the example above, the tax bill would be 23% of $1000, or $230. The cost to purchase the options would be $100. Perhaps the employer requires that $330 is provided to exercise these options? This would cover the strike price and the taxes that would be due.
But there must also be a way to dispose of shares to cover the tax bill as well.
@Michael: I think the withholding requirement is a good idea. It will prevent taxpayers getting stuck with a tax bill they can't possibly pay.
– ESPP benefit taxes are withheld from the next paycheck.
– 46% of RSUs vesting are sold and taxes remitted to CRA.
– 23% of ESOP benefits exercised are sold and taxes remitted to CRA.
@Returns Reaper: At my work, here's how your example would work. The broker will exercise and sell for $1,100. $100 is due to the employer. Out of the $1,000 due to the employee, the broker is asked to withheld $230. The remainder $770 is deposited in the employee's account.
Everybody I know who have stock options are already making salaries which are well into the high six digits or seven figures, so I don't think the new tax rules makes much difference to them in terms of whether they're going to starve or something.
@Phil: Stock rewards are still common in technology. Even peons like me get them 🙂 And I can assure you that I don't make anywhere near high six digits.
thanks MR no taxes Harper!! Bite me!
With respect to Restricted Stock Units (RSU) I'm still confused. I received RSUs last year and the cash value of the RSUs showed up on my T-4 this year. I'm told when these vest I will be taxed (2/3/4 years). Does this mean I'll be paying tax on them now and have to pay again when these vest?
At the time of vesting, the x amount of RSU is included as income. I have the sell-to-cover option and taxes were paid. I haven't sold any remaining RSU. I noticed that the taxes paid from the sell-to-cover is not included in box 22 (income tax deducted).
Can anyone help me as to where (line or schedule) I should fill up to reflect the taxes already paid?
It is now 2013, and I now need Lissa's questions answered. I have also noticed that the taxes paid on my sell-to-cover option are NOT included in my T-4, but the gross amount of the RSU's that vested are. This essentially means I will be taxed twice, if I don't include these taxes somewhere. However, I am not sure where to include them. Please help!
Sorry, I sometimes miss replying to a comment.
I would recommend talking to your payroll department. If payroll is selling a portion of vested RSUs and remitting withholding taxes to CRA, these taxes should be reported on your T4. Point out the error to your payroll department and ask them to issue you new T4s that has the correct amounts in the Income Taxes deducted Box 22 of your T4.
I elected to defer employee option gains when this was possible. I currently own shares in my employer that resulted from these exercises as well as many other shares in my employer purchased by cash. If I sell some of these shares how do I determine if or how much of the deferred option gains should be taxed. Can I treat the "option shares" as the last shares I sell?


I don't have ANY claim as a fashionista, a photographer (ha!) or a blogger (read: zero tech skills), as I mentioned in this "fash-hun" post, but I love wearing cute clothes and feeling put-together, both at work as a high school teacher and at home, hanging out with my minions.
I think we all have that friend that we call or text for fashion advice. There is ONE person who is truly my style compass. If she says, "Burn it," it's leaving the closet today. If she says, "Yes, that works," I'll wear it tomorrow.
You know the girl who's always got it together? Who you secretly want to emulate as soon as you get home? Me too. She's my sister, so I can't even hate her. You couldn't either, because she's as funny and kind as she is drop-dead-gorgeous.
Realtor, Interior Decorator, Dog Lover, Wife, and Auntie extraordinaire. You are going to love her look as much as I do. Dressed up or down, she has a knack for incorporating trends, high and low-end pieces, and goodness if she couldn't make a paper bag look good. She proves that modesty is alluring and always in.
I'm going to be posting Emma's fall and winter looks over the next couple of months on Instagram @grumblinggrace under the hashtag #mysisterscloset and here on the blog under the same label. I am hoping to improve my photography skills as we go! Be kind.
I'm proud to say that is my Matt & Nat purse Emma is carrying. Their pieces are vegan leather and often go on sale, making them affordable.
This one is the perfect size for paperwork or as a stylish fall diaper bag. While they don't have this exact bag on sale this season, this bowling bag is very similar and has a cross-body strap which I find extremely useful while toting around two kids.
I also own these flattering jeans, Banana Republic slim boyfriend capris ON SALE for $24.99 at their outlet store!
They work so well with the mid-height of boot that is everywhere this year, especially if you are a little on the short side.
Speaking of boots, I have to post a photo of the boots Emma is rocking because my photography skills do not do them justice.
I can't get enough of the cream and wine colour combo this fall.
I love the way the gold sparkle detail in Emma's scarf dresses up her whole look.
Can you believe that both Emma's lace top and this jacket are Joe Fresh? I am kicking myself for not picking up the lace top this summer while I was hugely pregnant and couldn't fathom fitting anything but a mu-mu.
What do you think of Emma's first fall look?
What high-end pieces do you invest in?


This gentle time is helping me orientate and consider ideas that have been surfacing for a while now. I've been thinking about where I was last year, plans I made and what came to life. I love to consider possibilities and never feel bad about leaving many unrealised because the ones that make it are partly at least a gift from someone else in another place; just can't be more precise, things work out or don't.
My essential tool kit in my creative life are a set of principles and my intuition. The minimalist mantra, does it bring me joy? works every time; I didn't like the packing and posting part of selling for example but I love making things from plants, taking photos and writing. Then there are the strong leanings I have: the French language, American art and literature and the natural world refuse to move to one side. So for the new year, I have some ideas about writing an e course, using different cameras, weaving, painting cloth with plant dyes, and making a dress or two, things I've not tried before. Being a beginner is a joy that kindles something you haven't seen in yourself before. And I want to write letters maybe jottings to myself using the tangents that go off in my head most days or letters to other people.
I feel quite energised for just having written down my thoughts now. Vague is good at this stage and I'll be taking each idea into the shower with me over the next week or so. Maybe you are taking stock of this year's experiences and planning for the next months too. Please comment in the box below. I'd love to know what you think of slow planning and what your ideas are.
It is lovely to reflect over the year and make plans for the new year approaching. Making time for ourselves and exploring new things is time well spent on all levels of our physical and mental/spiritual health.
You are following your intuition and creativity Francey and your beautiful IG account and writing reflect this so well.
Thank you for sharing those things that delight you and your vulnerabilities as well.
Wishing you all the very best and good luck with your new projects!


This one was released last year, but I just got around to listening to it this week. It's hard to explain why I like this Italian duo so much. These advocates of doom create heavy, dark, and slightly disturbing sludge that makes feel like something terrible is going to happen to me just for listening to it. Actually...I guess explaining why I like this band is easier than I thought. The driving rhythms on this album make it their most enjoyable to date. Take Melvins, Boris, and Boredoms, stick them in a blender, throw a little mud and general despise for your ears and testicles in there, and you'll get a better idea of what OvO sounds like. Certainly not for everyone.
Could you re-upload this please?


text:
Site map Form
Forex Online Trading Systems
Exchange Rate Concepts
The Adjustment Problem
The essence of the adjustment problem is that every policy of adjustment generates economic costs.
Insofar as the efficiency objective is concerned, the challenge to the monetary order is to minimize these economic costs .
As the consistency objective is concerned, the principal challenge is to minimize conflict over the burden or privilege of taking action to initiate the adjustment process.
If the former challenge is a tough one, these latter two are even tougher.
These latter two challenges are not identical.
Taking action to initiate the adjustment process is not the same as bearing the costs of adjustment. The 'responsibility' for taking action may or may not be freely chose; it may be imposed by circumstances--- say, if a deficit country is running out of reserves.
But whether freely chosen or not, it need not always impose real economic costs on a country.
Initiating the adjustment process is clearly a burden in dilemma situations if only expenditure-changing policies are available.
Then, if the deficit country acts first to eliminate the payments disequilibrium by tightening monetary and fiscal policy, it will necessarily suffer an even greater rate of unemployment.
If it is the surplus country that acts first by loosening monetary and fiscal policy, it will an even greater rate of inflation.
But if expenditure-switching policies are available in such situations, the responsibility for taking action may actually turn out to be a privilege.
Say, if states the option of exchange rate change, which is by definition a substitute for a more direct realignment of domestic incomes and prices.
Currency devaluation, or revaluation can actually serve to transfer much of the economic costs of adjustment to other countries.
An upward movement of the change rate by the surplus country, for instance could enable it to avoid much additional inflation at home by contributing to price (cost) inflation in the deficit country.
A downward movement of the exchange rate could enable it to avoid much additional unemployment at home by contributing to resource unemployment in the surplus country.
And the same point applies equally to other disequilibrium situations. There is no direct correlation between the distribution of adjustment responsibilities and the allocation of adjustment costs.
Hence the embody the weaknesses as well as the strengths of the economists' traditional analytical approach.
As guideposts to the maximization of global welfare, they are particularly useful, especially insofar as their authors are careful to take explicit account of the various subjective elements inherent in codes of this kind.
But as organizing principles for real-world monetary relations, the usefulness of these codes is considerably diminished, since they ignore the equally fundamental problem of the distribution of economic welfare and decision making authority.
They fail to address the issue of how to minimize controversy over allocation of the collective costs of adjustment and the responsibility for taking action.
Copyright © 2007-2008 http://www.eazeyforex.com. All Rights Reserved.


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