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Q: C#: Selenium getting ::before pseudo selector data I'm having some trouble receiving pseudo selector data.
driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(selector));
My selector string is essentially button:nth-child(2) which works fine,
but I also need to get the pseudo data as well and button:nth-child(2)::before
isn't quite working, it just remains null.
Is my syntax incorrect or should I be using a different method or something along those lines?

A: The Selenium API doesn't support pseudo elements, but you can get the properties of the current style with a piece of JavaScript:
var elem = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(...));

var pseudo_content = driver.ExecuteScript(
    "return window.getComputedStyle(arguments[0],':before').getPropertyValue('content');"
    , elem);


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Campus & History
Collegiate Profile
Earlham's 800-acre campus includes Earlham College and the Earlham School of Religion. Approximately 1,200 undergraduate students call this tree-shaded campus their home.
On the campus, students and visitors will discover a 600-acre stretch of woods, streams, ponds, old fields and prairie used for scientific research and recreation. Additional natural areas are set aside for scientific research, including an old growth forest and a rock preserve.
Currently, 94 percent of students reside on campus in one of eight residence halls or more than 20 theme and friendship houses.
Between 1998 and 2014, Earlham expanded, renovated, and constructed major campus buildings — including academic, residence halls and athletic facilities — representing an investment of over $40 million.
Campus Background
Earlham's historical beginning in Richmond, Indiana, is rooted in the Great Migration of Quakers from the eastern United States in the first half of the nineteenth century. Originally a co-educational "select" school, open only to Friends, by 1865 the school accepted non-Quaker students, and hired its first non-Quaker professor in 1886. Today, about 11% of Earlham's faculty and 12% of its students identify as Quakers.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Caring for mind, body and soul
They say it's the hardest job in the world but for stay-at-home mum Ally Watkins, returning to the workforce was the hardest challenge of all. After battling years of self-doubt and anxiety, she's now helping people look and feel beautiful inside and out as a qualified beauty therapist.
Ally started off her career in accounts and general admin. But when she and her husband decided to start a family she chose to leave the workforce to care for her children full time. After her children stared to become more self-sufficient, Ally started to wonder what the next chapter of her life might entail. But after 10 years out of the workforce, the decision to go back to work wasn't that easy.
"I didn't realise how long I'd been debating starting my training until I cleaned up my emails and I found an email inquiry from four years ago. I realised I'd procrastinated for four years and I had two choices: I could wait another four years — or the rest of my life — or I could take that chance and go and do something that I really enjoyed," Ally said.
Once Ally decided to take first step, her confidence immediately started to grow.
"Initially, I only enrolled in the Certificate III in Beauty Services (SHB30115) from essentially a lack of confidence. I hadn't studied for a long time — I just had to begin to study and show myself I could do this," she said.
But completing her certificate qualification was just the start of Ally's study journey.
"Once I completed the certificate I was really excited to move into the diploma, but I was still apprehensive. But I had the support from the teachers at TAFE Queensland. They gave me a little bit of a push to go ahead with it and that was one of the best decisions I've ever made," Ally said.
It was that encouragement and support from her teachers that stood out as a highlight for Ally throughout her studies.
"If at any time you were unsure or you needed clarification on something, they're always more than happy to assist you with any inquiries you had," she said.
Ally also loved the practical approach to learning at TAFE Queensland and liked being able to put her skills into practice before she entered the industry.
"The practical and hands-on skills were the most enjoyable part for me. We had hands-on training with teachers, we practiced on each other as students, then we completed services on the general public. I really enjoyed having my fingers in the pie, so to speak," she said.
With her confidence growing, Ally decided to again add to her skillset, going on to complete a Diploma in Remedial Massage (HLT52015).
With all these skills under her belt it's no surprise that Ally quickly gained a position as a beauty therapist at Petrichor Day Spa in Hawthorne.
But for Ally, caring for mind, body and soul is much more than just a catchphrase. After suffering from anxiety herself, she's passionate about promoting well-being, body positivity, and mental health.
"Beauty therapy for me is more of a holistic package. I would like to incorporate body and mind in the treatments, not just a physical treatment. For me, having had anxiety, it was a natural way for me to offer a caring treatment for people that are currently going through anxiety," Ally said.
In the future, Ally plans on opening her own at-home salon so she can pursue her passion while spending more time with her children.
"I intend to do a lot of workshops to bring information to women on how they can love themselves, love the skin they're in, and just really appreciate who they are," she said.
Seeing the confident, driven woman Ally is today it's easy to forget how difficult it was for her to take that first step. Her advice to others looking to re-enter the workforce is to be brave and take the leap as the rewards are more than worth it.
"Half the things that have happened to me at TAFE Queensland I would never have expected, I never would have even dreamed of. I think the personal growth that you receive as well as your qualification is something that's unmatched."
Find out how you can kick start your career in the beauty industry.
Learn more about beauty
10 reasons to study at TAFE Queensland


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IVF News and Research
Study reveals an increasing proportion of women giving birth at 40+
An increasing proportion of women aged 40 and over in Sweden and Denmark are giving birth. Nevertheless, over a recent 10-year period, the need for assisted reproduction for women over 40 in Scandinavia has doubled, a study led by University of Gothenburg researchers shows.
Low birth weight among IVF babies unlikely to be driven by the reproductive technology
Children conceived through medically assisted reproduction are more likely to be born premature and are at greater risk of being born small than naturally conceived babies, according to new research published today by the UCL Centre for Longitudinal Studies in collaboration with the University of Utah.
Children conceived with assisted reproductive techniques are not at risk of poor psychiatric health
Use of assisted reproductive techniques (ART) does not lead to poorer mental health in children across adolescence and young adulthood, according to a large observational study led by researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden.
Using genetic screening for selecting the 'best' embryo in IVF
Each year, tens of thousands of babies are born in the United States as the result of IVF (in vitro fertilization) – where several eggs are fertilized outside the mother's body and then an embryo is selected for transfer into her womb.
Fertility treatment compromised in women with undiagnosed endometriosis
Women with undiagnosed endometriosis will have difficulty falling pregnant without IVF, according to a University of Queensland study.
New NIH-funded research to solve the male infertility and spermatogenesis puzzle
Male infertility is on the rise, with significant declines in sperm quantity and quality occurring across the human population worldwide in the past two decades.
Scientists create a novel cell model for understanding human development
The earliest moments of human development—between the time of fertilization and when the embryo implants in the womb—have remained opaque to scientists.
New, one-stop method developed to avoid de novo genetic disease in embryos
De novo variants (DNVs), genetic mutations that were not previously identifiable in the family history of one of two prospective parents, may cause disease in any children they have.
Feinstein Institutes awarded $2.9 million NIH funding for polygenic embryo selection studies
Genetic testing and selection of embryos generated from in vitro fertilization have given rise to the controversial "designer baby" debate.
Study finds higher risk of pre-eclampsia, hypertension in pregnancies derived from frozen embryos
A large cohort study drawn from the national IVF registry of France, which included almost 70,000 pregnancies delivered after 22 weeks gestation between 2013 and 2018, has found a higher risk of pre-eclampsia and hypertension in pregnancies derived from frozen-thawed embryos.
Higher risk of preeclampsia and pregnancy-induced hypertension as a result of embryo freezing for IVF
Researchers have established a strong association between the risk of developing hypertension and the artificial cycle for frozen-thawed embryo transfer.
Albumin supplementation improves human fertility, fights infection
A new University of California, Irvine-led study reveals albumin (Alb), among the most abundant proteins in the body, activates a proton channel (hHv1), also widespread in the body, giving sperm the ability to penetrate and fertilize an egg, and allowing white blood cells to secrete large amounts of inflammatory mediators to fight infection.
Women treated with fertility drugs do not have increased breast cancer risk, study shows
Drugs routinely used during fertility treatments to release eggs do not increase the risk of developing breast cancer, new research has shown.
Beckman Coulter launches new Access AMH Advanced assay to predict poor ovarian response
Beckman Coulter, a global leader in diagnostics and infertility testing, announced today the launch of the first and only test that uses a validated cut-off to aid in the assessment of ovarian response.
New focus on adverse impact of male factors in assisted reproductive treatments
The adverse impact of male factors in assisted reproductive treatments was brought into a clear and disturbing focus at the 10th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction.
New insights into how AI will lead to developments in assisted reproductive technology
The 10th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE) has provided exciting insights into likely developments and future possibilities in assisted reproductive technology including artificial intelligence.
Embryo gene editing in IVF can have potential major impacts on humanity
A global conference on human fertility has been warned of huge societal and ethical challenges regulating advances in gene editing in assisted reproduction.
Researchers discover unique regenerative property of cells in the early human embryo
Pioneering research led by experts from the University of Exeter's Living Systems Institute has provided new insight into formation of the human embryo.
Study estimates the treatment costs of uterine transplantation
Sweden's acclaimed research on uterine transplants has taken a new step forward: into the field of health economics.
Simulation course increases physician confidence up to 125% while improving knowledge, cognitive and technical skills
The American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) publishes the first validation study on the ASRM Embryo Transfer Simulator, showing significant improvements in Embryo Transfer competence.
From VirtaMed 29 Mar 2021


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India Renewable Energy Policy Roundup: July 2017
Priya Sanjay
Other, Renewable Energy
Mercom's renewable energy policy roundup from central, state and government agencies in India for the month of July 2017:
Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission (GERC) released the GERC Net-Metering Rooftop Solar PV Grid Interactive Systems (First Amendment) Regulations 2017.
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy amended the guidelines for the disbursal of National Clean Energy Fund (NCEF) grant for the development of intra-state transmission system under the green energy corridor project in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu.
Goa Energy Development Agency (GEDA) released Draft Solar Policy 2017, proposing to install 150 MW of solar PV power by 2022.
Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission (MERC) proposed changes to the MERC, Net Metering for Roof-top Solar Photo Voltaic Systems Regulations, 2015. The new regulations will be called the Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission (Net Metering for Roof-top Solar Photo Voltaic Systems) (First Amendment) Regulations, 2017.
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) issued an advisory asking state governments to utilize available spare space near substations and prioritize construction of solar projects based on availability of land near substations or transmission system.
The New and Renewable Energy Development Corporation of Andhra Pradesh (NREDCAP) has established Rs.80,000 (~$1,238.87) as project cost for a 1 kW rooftop solar project, Rs.1,43,000 (~$2,214.48) for a 2 kW rooftop solar project, Rs.2,19,150 (~$3393.73) for a 3 kW rooftop solar project, Rs.2,64,680 (~$4098.80) for a 4 kW rooftop solar project, and Rs.3,45,000 (~$5342.63) for a 5 kW rooftop solar project.
Rajasthan Electricity Regulatory Commission (RERC) fixed Rs.5.26 (~$0.0814)/kWh without accelerated depreciation (AD) and Rs.4.87 (~$0.0754)/kWh with AD as levelized generic tariff for wind projects located in Jaisalmer, Jodhpur and Barmer districts of Rajasthan. The RERC has also fixed Rs.5.52 (~$0.0854)/kWh without AD and Rs.5.12 (~$0.0792)/kWh with AD as levelized generic tariff for wind projects located in other districts of Rajasthan.
Uttar Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission (UPERC) has proposed the use of aggregator model for installation of rooftop solar for a group of consumers under net-metering.
The State Government of Mizoram issued the Mizoram Solar Power Policy 2017 with immediate effect.
Haryana Electricity Regulatory Commission (HERC) released a discussion paper on HERC (Terms and Conditions for Determination of Tariff from Renewable Energy Sources, Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) and Renewable Energy Certificate (REC)) Regulations, 2017.
Haryana government will provide Rs.7.5 billion (~$116.38 million) loan to distribution companies (DISCOMs) in Haryana at a concessional rate of interest (about 3 percent lower than the market rate) under the Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY) program.
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) issued an order explaining the rules for state distribution companies (DISCOMs) to purchase power produced in solar park/s in the state.
Delhi Electricity Regulatory Commission (DERC) has issued the Draft DERC (Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) and Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) Framework Implementation) Regulations 2017. The draft is up for comments and suggestions.
Priya Sanjay, Staff reporter at Mercom India
More articles from Priya Sanjay.
Priya currently serves as the Publisher for MercomIndia.com. With more than a decade of experience working in corporate communications, research, and policy, Priya has deep roots in the Indian energy markets and is regularly in touch with policy makers and industry leaders. Priya received her bachelor's degree from Vidya Vardhaka College of Arts in Bangalore, India for Political Science and Economics and completed her MBA from Bangalore University. More articles from Priya Sanjay.
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Priya Sanjay, Staff reporter at Mercom India More articles from Priya Sanjay.
IEX Reports 4.4% YoY Dip in Profit for Q3 FY23, Trades 23 BU of Power
India's Wind Installations Increased 8% YoY to 229 MW in Q4 2022
Government Sets IREDA Revenue Target of ₹33.61 Billion for FY23
Maharashtra Regulator Allows Wind Developers' Delayed Payment Charge Claim
Regulator Asks DISCOM to Pay Interest on Delayed Payments to Wind Developer


The valley station of our funiculair is only a few meters from the BLS station Mühlenen.
The train will only stop on your request, so please push the button in the train and at the station Mülenen.
See the Swiss Railway Timetable for more information.
At arrival in Mühlenen please use the Coachparkinkg on the left by the trainstation Mühlenen.
Because of the train-underpass you can not drive directly to the valley station of the funiculair.
The walking way leads you by foot within 200 meters to the valley station.
An easy hike brings you from Frutigen (1 h 40 min) and Reichenbach (25 min) to the valley station of the Niesen funicular. This is a flat walk following the river Kander with lovely views of surrounding mountains.
A further possibility for hikers is from Wimmis to Mülenen (1 h 30 min) a flattish walk skirting the foot of the Niesen.
The hiking path to Mülenen takes about 25 minutes.


Electrix stopped being donationware a few days ago. This is why.
I think it sounds fantastic.... immediately recommended it to my son who is always looking for good ePiano's. I suspect you'll be getting donations from folks, because people appreciate a job really well done!
Well, I downloaded it for free, and within a minute of pulling it up, I was able to come up with the beginning of a new track--especially once I added a nice phaser and plate reverb. I'm going back to donate now. Anything that can help create a tune is worth a few bucks, at least.
Sampleson Electrix sounds AMAZING! Not to mention, it's FREE! Seriously, check out the samples above. Especially the Sampleson Electrix Zep. The upper-mids are so crisp. The lower mids were really juicy. The lows: thick, warm and inviting. And the high end... man, the high end is just heavenly. The transients had a nice smack to them and the overall sonic image is wide, yet direct.
Decide to get it donate $10, I will know if this is a "fair" price when I have tried it out. Its only 11Mb, so not sample based and not an issue for installation location.
The 70's at your fingertips.
Electrix Piano's is a sound modeled instrument and was made recreating every single detail from the original Hohner Electra Piano T. Main sound, noises, releases, tines, resonance and effects has been carefully integrated into a serious dynamic range instrument.


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Home / Departments / Athletics / Hall of Fame
"Marauder Pride is Alive"
The Athletic Hall of Fame recognizes distinguished alumni, coaches, administrators, and supporters for outstanding contributions to the athletic program at BHS.
Athletic Hall of Fame seeks to honor individuals and teams who have contributed significantly to the school's great tradition of athletics. The Belmont High School believes greatly in the benefits of strong athletics as a part of the well rounded student. Individuals will be chosen on the basis of their playing ability, character, integrity, leadership, sportsmanship, and contribution to the Athletic Program at Belmont High School.
Nomination Forms:
Paul D. Hanson Award
Nomination form for a Team's induction into the Athletic Hall of Fame
Nomination form for induction of Coaches, Administrators, Friend of athletics, or Distinguished Alumni
Nomination form for induction of Men and Women into the Athletic Hall of Fame


Time you take your online world by the horns!
Trenchbucket, founded in 2014, is a creative strategy and engineering company dedicated to helping the outdoor recreation industry build better content solutions online. With a team of enthusiastic and dedicated creatives that think deeply, question assumptions, and understand your brand, we provide that missing link between your story and your audience online.
Start Small — When you're just starting with your first website, or coming away from a bad experience, we recommend that you get your online presence under control. Starting small gives you a chance to get some perspective and learn what is possible before you fully commit.
Stay Simple — You need to have a good understanding of what your business needs online — and what it does not. Buying functionality and add-ons that you will never use is a waste of our time and your money. We want you to have the right build, not the biggest build.
Show Value — If your website doesn't drive any business to you, what's the point? Showing value is more about what your website is saying about your business than just it's look-and-feel. That's why we build sites that help your customers find you online.
We can tackle plenty of diverse adventures from content, theme, and multisite development, to hosting, cloud services, and security. However, our specialty is understanding what your customer's need and how we can weave that into a creative strategy that can actual happen.
What kind of name is Trenchbucket?
We named our company Trenchbucket to demonstrate our attitude towards attacking difficult problems. The actual term trenchbucket is derived from the scoop found at the end of an excavator. It is the part of the machine that shovels apart mountains and turns them into hills of dirt. It is also the slang term for a trebuchet, or siege tower. These towers were built to assault mountain strongholds and castles during medieval warfare. Trenchbucket is a company that knows how to attack hard problems in multiple ways just like its namesake.
In branding Trenchbucket, we wanted to go beyond the raw power of an excavator, and the war-like reach of a siege tower. We also wanted to express our zeal for the outdoors and how we see ourselves connected to the outdoor recreation industry. The result was the adoption of the mountain goat as our brand's logo. Affectionately called "Gruff" (as in the tale of Billy Goat's Gruff), we saw the mountain goat having the same aggressive attitude towards problems as the Trenchbucket name evokes. Gruff symbolizes our capability to climb over steep problems with sure-footed precision while pulling from a deep mythology of trampling the trolls that lurk beneath bridges. Gruff embodies Trenchbucket's culture of ruggedness, hard work, and commitment to the outdoors while acting as our metaphor to how we solve problems with worthwhile solutions.


Aloe Vera Pillow - Buy one, get the second pillow half price!
Dormeo products embrace the latest trends and technology for healthy sleep and are made entirely in Italy from modern materials under the latest processes. Our mattresses with Memory Foam and Ecocell® Core, adapt to your body shape and temperature to give you a great night sleep.
Dormeo's researchers have worked for years perfecting our visco-elastic memory foam to have the right combination of softness and support. It's not easy. The trick is to get the right size molecules that will bounce back, not just the first time but for years and years. It's this reason we can proudly offer a 15 year guarantee on our products.
Dormeo's luxury memory sleep systems are designed to give you the pleasure of quality sleep and perfect relaxation while easing tension in the back neck and hips. Cells of memory foam react to each pressure and memorize their shape perfectly molding to every contour of your body providing support without creating pressure on the muscles and bone structure. Once the pressure is removed, they regain their original shape. Memory foam is also thermal sensitive – at lower temperatures it is firmer; at higher temperatures it is softer and respectively more elastic. That gives us a feeling of weightlessness. Our mattresses will protect you from allergies, microbes and electrostatic charges, while your body and mind relax in a perfect embrace of this exquisite product.
Dormeo Eucalyptus Pillow - Buy one get the second pillow half price!
The Dormeo Eucalyptus pillow for a natural, hygienic and comfortable night's sleep.
Dormeo Siena Pillow - Buy 1, get the second pillow half price!
Bamboo Pillow - Buy one get the second pillow half price!


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HOW GRAPEVINE ROOTS GROW
SEPTEMBER 30, 2019. BY TIM MARTINSON, CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
Compared to the above-ground portions of a grapevine, root structure and function is more of a mystery to most growers. Roots extract nutrients and water from the soil, and are also the dominant storage organ for carbohydrates and nutrients (vine reserves) in the dormant season. They also provide physical support for the vine and produce hormones that regulate vine growth and the vine's response to environmental conditions.
But roots are hidden below ground – so their seasonal growth pattern and functions can't be directly observed. Grapevine growth and development above-ground passes through predictable phases – bud burst, bloom, veraison, harvest, and leaf fall. But the below-ground seasonal root growth cycle is less obvious.
Concord vine above ground and below ground.
Photo by Terry Bates
Researchers estimate that vines allocate 30 to 60% of photosynthate to root growth. On a mature vine, the surface area of roots is estimated to be somewhere around 100 m2 – compared to 10 m2 of above-ground leaf area. While most 'fine roots' that absorb water and nutrients are concentrated in the top meter of soil, a portion of the roots can grow to great depths (up to 30 m), and extend out several meters from the base of the vine.
Vines attempt to maintain a root:shoot ratio within a reasonable range, and vine size is highly correlated with the size of the root system.
Root Structure
Commercial vines are propagated vegetatively, and roots initially form as outgrowths of the cutting's cambium layer under conditions of high humidity. On rooted cuttings, they generally form near a shoot node. These become the main structural roots, which branch off into lateral (secondary and tertiary) roots.
Lateral branches can form at any location along the root system, and their formation depends upon the vine's ability to detect environmental cues (water, nutrient availability) and extend to those regions. Unlike shoots and leaves, which have a pre-programmed and predictable arrangement, the growth and branching patterns of roots are highly flexible – and very responsive to local soil conditions.
Root distribution on the Riparia Gloire rootstock, which tends to grow laterally near the soil surface.
Other rootstocks such as 3309C tend to have a more downward growth habit.
Growth originates at the meristem of the root tip, where cell division occurs, which is covered by a slimy 'root cap' that protects the shoot from abrasion by soil particles. Behind this zone, there is a cell 'elongation zone', where the cells begin to form two layers. The outer layer is the cortex, where nutrient uptake and storage occurs. The inner 'stele' differentiates into the xylem and phloem, responsible for transporting water and nutrients up and down the plant.
Maximum uptake occurs several millimeters behind the root tip, where numerous root hairs are formed that greatly increase surface area for absorption. Further away from the root tip, these outer layers and root hairs are worn away, leaving the central stele and its vascular system for transport to the trunk, shoots, and other vine parts. A layer of cells outside the xylem develops into the cambium, which increases the diameter of the roots and can initiate new lateral root meristems. An exterior 'cork cambium' forms, and develops the outer hardened cell layers that contain subarin – a waxy, water-resistant substance that forms a barrier between the root's conducting tissues and the soil.
Fine roots form associations with mycorrhyzal fungi – a symbiotic relationship where the fungus enhances uptake of nutrients from the soil – and in turn get supplied with carbohydrates from the vine's photosynthesizing leaves to support their growth and development.
Seasonal Root Development
In dormancy, cells surrounding xylem vessels in the roots are stuffed with starch and nitrogen, which is deposited starting around veraison but also mobilized from leaves as they senesce in the fall. These reserves are what fuels early canopy development in the spring.
The first visible sign of the vine's transition from dormancy to active growth is often sap flow or 'bleeding' of xylem sap from pruning wounds. The driving force behind this sap flow is metabolic activity in root tissues as the soil warms up in the spring. As stored starch and proteins are converted into sugars and amino acids, they are released into the xylem. The resulting osmotic pressure (from the high concentration of sugars in xylem sap) draws water into the roots, and is enough to lift water (and nutrients) to the shoot tips – where it rehydrates buds, beginning the process of bud swell.
As buds start to swell, shoot tips produce auxins that are eventually transported (through the phloem) down to the roots to stimulate root growth. These interact with giberellins produced at the root tips (promoting cell elongation). This process takes time, because the dormant buds are isolated from the vine's vascular system, and need to reconnect– a process that is thought to be completed around bloom (see How Grapevines Reconnect in the Spring).
So root growth lags behind shoot growth in the spring – and the dry weight of roots actually declines between bud burst and bloom, as stored reserves are mobilized to support early season shoot growth. As the canopy emerges, root growth speeds up, reaching a peak between bloom and early fruit development, then declining gradually during fruit ripening.
Although root biomass increases from its low point around bloom until leaf fall, much of the biomass is concentrated in larger, permanent structural roots. Fine roots are where the uptake of nutrients and water occur. They are short-lived (<5 wk) and frequently replaced – quite likely because they exhaust local nutrient and water supply. As the grapevine canopy becomes well-established after bloom, a portion of the photosynthate returns to the roots and replenishes vine reserves – a process that accelerates as fruit ripens, periderm forms and canopy growth ceases.
Response to Environmental Stresses and Management
Canopy manipulation. Root growth is responsive to auxin flow from buds and new shoots. Light pruning and high early leaf area will stimulate root growth. Severe pruning or winter injury that limits early season shoot growth will also limit root growth. Hedging that removes shoot tips will temporarily result in a pause in root growth.
Water Stress. During the growing season, transpiration of water vapor through leaf stomates drives most uptake of water from the soil (see How grapevines respond to water stress). As soil water gets depleted, transpiration demand exceeds uptake by the roots. As soils dry out, root tissues increase production of abscissic acid (ABA), which is transported to the leaves and signals the stomates to close, reducing water loss but also reducing CO2 exchange needed for photosynthesis. Shoot growth slows, but ABA may induce the opposite effect in roots. It seems to block transport of K+ (Potassium ions) into the xylem, inducing import of water to growing root tissues. Under mild water stress, roots can therefore maintain growth and exploit new (less depleted) soil.
Excess water: It's a truism that vines 'don't like wet feet' – and do better in coarse-textured soils than in fine-textured soils. Root respiration requires the uptake of soil dissolved oxygen, which is rapidly depleted in water logged soils. Over an extended period of waterlogging, the lack of respiration limits cell function and nutrient and water uptake by the roots.
Nutrient excess: Vine demand generally drives nutrient uptake – and feedback mechanisms can 'shut off' nutrient uptake. But uptake can exceed vine growth requirements and the excess supply can accumulate in the vine – often within vacuoles in cells, where they provide insurance against nutrient depletion.
Nutrient shortage: When nutrients are deficient, shoot growth slows, due to growth-limiting supplies in the cells. Roots take up and deplete nutrients in the surrounding root zone. Local depletion can shift uptake to other roots exploring more nutrient-rich areas. If the overall vine supply is deficient in macronutrients (N, P, K), root cells reduce production of cytokinins, which when transported to growing shoot tips stimulate cell growth and division. But lower levels of cytokinins in roots in response to N deficiency can increase the rate of root growth – presumably so that roots can improve nutrient uptake by exploiting new soil that has not been depleted of nutrients.
The vine's root system is hidden underground, but its growth and overall 'share' of the photosynthates assimilated by the vine is critically important to the health and development of the above-ground shoots, leaves, and fruit. Roots take up nutrients, supply water, provide support, and produce hormones that regulate overall vine growth. They form a symbiotic relationship with mycorrhizal fungi – which enhances nutrient and water absorption beyond what the roots themselves could supply. They have a flexible growth habit that is responsive to variable soil conditions. They are the most important storage organs that provide the sugars and nitrogen that fuels early-season vine growth. Although we can't often directly observe them, their functions are equally as important as the canopy and fruit that producers intensively manage. And they do it mostly without interference from us.
Keller, M. 2010. The science of grapevines: anatomy and physiology. Academic Press. First edition.
Originally published in the Appellation Cornell, News from Cornell's Viticulture and Enology Program August 2019 issue, and reposted here with permission from the author. Tim Martinson is a senior extension associate in the Section of Horticulture, based at Cornell Agritech in Geneva, NY.


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Marcus Rashford decision 'backfired' admits Man Utd boss Solskjaer as he sweats over injury ahead of Liverpool clash – The Sun
Home » Celebrities » CNN faces prime-time uncertainty after firing Chris Cuomo
CNN faces prime-time uncertainty after firing Chris Cuomo
Fox Business Flash top headlines for December 10
Check out what's clicking on FoxBusiness.com.
CNN's firing of anchor Chris Cuomo leaves a major void in its crucial 9 p.m. hour, at a time when the network is already struggling to reverse a decline in ratings.
Network President Jeff Zucker fired Mr. Cuomo on Dec. 4 after a legal review found that he had violated company standards by helping his brother, then-New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo, respond to allegations of sexual misconduct. Chris Cuomo's show, "Cuomo Prime Time," was CNN's highest-rated program and a linchpin of its prime-time programming.
Don Lemon is viewed internally as one contender to fill Mr. Cuomo's time-slot, according to people familiar with the matter. Mr. Lemon, 55 years old, hosts "Don Lemon Tonight" from 10 p.m. to midnight. If the network moves Mr. Lemon to 9 p.m., it could tap an up-and-coming anchor to fill the vacancy from 11 p.m. to midnight, the people said.
Chris Cuomo is seen in New York City, April 11, 2019. (Associated Press / AP Newsroom)
Other anchors who could be a fit for the role include Norah O'Donnell, who helms "CBS Evening News"; Laura Coates, who has filled in for Mr. Lemon; and Michael Smerconish, who was tapped to fill in for Mr. Cuomo on a temporary basis, some people close to the network said.
Jake Tapper, one of CNN's most prominent anchors, isn't interested in the 9 p.m. time-slot, according to a person familiar with the situation, in part because he doesn't want to host an opinion-driven show.
CNN FACES POTENTIAL ONSLAUGHT OF LAWSUITS WITH TOP MONEYMAKER CHRIS CUOMO FIRED
During a virtual town hall with staffers, Mr. Zucker said the network would weigh several considerations in filling Mr. Cuomo's time slot, including on-air diversity.
The gap at 9 p.m. comes at an inopportune time for CNN. The network is grappling with a sector-wide slump in ratings compared with last year, when the aftermath of the frenetic 2020 presidential election drove viewership to record highs. CNN also is without one of its biggest stars as it launches a streaming service, CNN+, that is meant to be a bridge between its traditional TV roots and the direct-to-consumer streaming era.
Former New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo speaks during a news conference, Monday, May 10, 2021 in New York City. (Associated Press / AP Newsroom)
CNN's total prime-time viewership is down about 70% from its average in the fourth quarter of 2020, according to Nielsen, putting the network in third place behind MSNBC, which had a 52% drop in that span, and ratings leader Fox News, which fell 34%. CNN has held on to second place among viewers 25 to 54 years old, a key demographic. In the 9 p.m. hour, the picture was bleak even before Mr. Cuomo's firing, with CNN averaging fewer total viewers each quarter this year than its rivals.
Early this fall, Mr. Zucker discussed prime-time programming on a call with producers and advised participants not to worry about ratings declines, according to people familiar with the matter. Mr. Zucker said that they should focus on producing smart stories rather than go all-in on programming that would deliver a short-term spike in viewership, like the disappearance of video creator Gabby Petito. (Ms. Petito was found dead in late September in a remote part of the Bridger-Teton National Forest in Wyoming. )
THE FALL OF THE CUOMO BROTHERS: HOW THE ONE-TIME MEDIA DARLINGS SPIRALED DOWNWARD IN 2021
On Monday, Sirius XM Holdings Inc. and Mr. Cuomo said they were ending his radio show, "Let's Get After It With Chris Cuomo," with Mr. Cuomo citing family concerns. The next day, Mr. Zucker told CNN staffers the network doesn't intend to pay Mr. Cuomo a severance package. HarperCollins Publishers said its Custom House imprint had canceled "Deep Denial," Mr. Cuomo's coming book.
Mr. Cuomo had no comment on those developments. He has apologized for advising his brother, who was at the center of a major story CNN was covering, and has said he didn't keep secrets from Mr. Zucker regarding the matter. CNN has challenged that characterization.
CLICK HERE TO READ MORE ON FOX BUSINESS
CNN parent company AT&T Inc. is preparing to merge its media assets with those owned by Discovery Inc. John Malone, a major Discovery shareholder, told CNBC in a November interview that he wanted to see CNN "evolve back to the kind of journalism that it started with." Discovery Chief Executive David Zaslav said at the time of the deal that the combined company would be "a world leader in news."
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These pink peppermint cupcakes were inspired by the infamous grasshopper pie. You haven't heard of Grasshopper Pie? Well, you are just going to have to google it yourself, I have a blog post to write!
My cupcakes evolved from the design in my head of a peppermint cupcake atop an Oreo cookie encased in a silver cupcake case and topped with a creamy white frosting and a sprinkle of chocolate was brought to a rather abrupt halt by a severe lack of silver cupcake cases in the County of Gloucestershire, well the three shops that I had the chance to visit anyways.
And so, these are my pink peppermint cupcakes, still a surprise Oreo in the bottom, but now topped with a creamy and light pink peppermint frosting.
Most traditional sponge cake recipes are an approximation of this traditional equal measures recipe.
Cream together the margarine or butter, sugar and a teaspoon of the peppermint oil with a stand mixer, hand mixer or wooden spoon until light and creamy.
Fill the cupcake cases with the batter until they are about two thirds full.
Bake at 180 C or 350 F for 15 to 20 minutes.
I delayed making these cupcakes for days, whilst I mused on what the frosting should be, then, I developed this recipe to be white because I wanted the frosting to have the look of whipped cream on top of the cupcake and then I decided to make the frosting pink!
Mix the solid vegetable fat with about half the sugar and beat in a mixer or with a hand mixer until smooth.
Add 2 teaspoons of peppermint oil, mix in and then taste. Add a bit more peppermint if you like it more perpperminty.
Add a couple of drops of gel food colouring if you like. I used a tiny amount of Wilton Rose.
Hold the nozzle perpendicular to the cupcakes to get this flower effect. Squeeze slowly and pause before lifting the bag.
Mould the birds by pushing a small amount of fondant into the mould. Press down gently and remove any excess fondant. Then gently flex the mould and lift the moulded fondant out. If you find your fondant is stretchy and or sticky, pop the fondant into the fridge for 20 minutes and then try again.
I thought you might like to see the difference between the bird moulded in fondant and what it looks like when it is brushed with the lustre.
Pop one of the birds on top of each cupcake and you are finished.


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Thu, 27 November 2014
Wherein we discuss the actual fires of Pompeii, the Jurassic World trailer, the actual Sportsball, Batman '66, weird old comic book plots, Gotham, Super Smash Bros. for Wii U, the Amiibo launch, Mario Kart 8, criticism that changed us, being really OCD about stuff no one cares about, old comic book stories that hold up, the media that we think everyone should experience, and our worst guilty pleasures. Starring Ryan Scott, Adam Fitch, and Ryan Higgins, with special guest Chris Noyes.
Category:podcasts -- posted at: 4:00pm PST
Fri, 21 November 2014
Wherein we discuss awesome Pokemon, broken episodes, Castn.com, fake dinosaurs, Jurassic World, Interstellar (massive spoiler warning!), Gotham (spoiler warning), Escape from the Auction House, albums we could listen to forever, the TV shows we wish would happen, mobile and 3DS games worth playing, and our favorite professional milestones. Starring Ryan Scott, Adam Fitch (AKA The Funniest Man in the World), Justin Haywald, and Ryan Higgins, with special guest RJ Palmer.
Sat, 8 November 2014
Wherein we discuss Gotham (massive spoilers for the first 7 episodes!), Constantine, Doctor Who (spoiler warning!), The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask 3D, Mario Kart 8 DLC details, speculation on the big BlizzCon announcement, Fantasy Life, future cooking mishaps, and the politics of downloading "backup" copies of media. Starring Ryan Scott, Justin Haywald, and Ryan Higgins.
Wherein we discuss the new Avengers 2: Age of Ultron trailer, phase 3 of the Marvel Cinematic Universe, Doctor Strange, the bright future of superhero movies, Doctor Who (spoiler warning!), the X-Wing and TIE Fighter re-releases, the sportsball championship, all the big new Super Smash Bros. for Wii U news, Texas (yes -- Texas), movies that were better than the book, old dead arcades, and where to get the podcast. Starring Ryan Scott, Adam Fitch, Justin Haywald, and Ryan Higgins.


For whatever reason, I failed to take my camera to camp this year. Fortunately, Kent Purser had his and has gratefully allowed us to publish some of his images from Indian Creek Youth Camp. A few other images I managed to gather are found [cref 23 in this earlier post].
Registration went about as smoothly as I have ever seen. Most of us arrived Saturday and we were registered early. The remainder came Sunday afternoon. In all 252 campers were with us for Clark's Week. Campers were with us from areas nearby the camp to as far away as West Virginia.
Adult staff and counselors are essential to the success of camp. We were blessed with an incomparable staff of experienced adults who worked hard to bring our young people to a deeper understanding of God's word.
Several gospel preachers were with us this week with contributed to the growth of our campers. We believe that a Christian camp ought advance the spiritual knowledge of the campers. You can have fun at many camps, we wanted to send our campers home with a better understanding of the Bible.
week and then take a challenging exam on Thursday morning. This year, we took our studies from the book of Colossians.
The tests are given by age. This year, as in the past, our youngest campers scored highest with several teams scoring 100% on the youngest exam.
Within the team competition, the Bible Bowl exam is worth far more than any other component. The winning team this year, Team Andy, won because of their score on the Bible Bowl exam.
One of the most interesting groups to watch at camp are the youngest campers. For the boys, Old Hickory cabin houses our youngest group.
We thought you'd enjoy this picture of them in early morning while they were dressed neatly and cleanly. Images from later in the day are…well…less than clean.
We do not have a an image for the girls. But like the boys, they do look so good early in the morning. But, again like the boys, they tend to nasty up pretty quickly.
All of our campers were exceptional. They were attentive and they quickly obeyed directions from the counselors and team leaders.
Many of the campers made life long friendships. Many will talk with each other through the year and some will even visit. All look forward to seeing each other again July 12-17, 2009 at Indian Creek.
During the week, cabins prepare for skit night. One of the best received skits came from the Twin Oaks Boys Choir which put an odd spin on some classic music. Led by conductor Jeremy Pate, the boys performed a number of pieces of their own composition.
Without a doubt, the music was uplifting to the point of extreme humor. It was inspirational to the point of side-splitting laughter. It would do well on YouTube if anyone had a video camera. Good job Twin Oaks!
Camp always is tough, especially on the adults. But we are all committed to the welfare and proper upbringing of the children. Planning is already underway for 2008. Camper should be prepared to commit to camp by March at the latest. Adult staff should be ready to commit by November.
Thanks to all you have a part in ICYC. We especially thank Clarks Sims for his dedication in making this a great week.
If you were a staff member or camper, leave us your thoughts below!


text:
Infrastructure Summit
CEOs want open borders, more migration
Jenny Wiggins and James Thomson
Updated Nov 8, 2021 – 5.24am, first published at 5.00am
Business leaders insist a faster reopening of state borders and a ramping up of skilled migration are needed to ensure the nation's infrastructure project pipeline – forecast by Infrastructure Australia to be a record $218 billion over the next five years – can be delivered.
Chief executives will tell The Australian Financial Review Infrastructure Summit on Monday that there is no time to waste if Australia is to take full advantage of a global post-pandemic boom.
Transurban CEO Scott Charlton says there are signs of traffic returning. James Brickwood
Juan Santamaria, chief executive of Australia's biggest construction company, CIMIC, will tell the two-day summit, which is being held in Sydney, "we need to return to operating as the nation that we are and allow our skilled workforce to move between states".
"Targeted well, a change in immigration settings can further help address emerging capacity constraints in the economy, including those professions essential to major projects," Mr Santamaria will say.
Transurban CEO Scott Charlton says businesses are finding it increasingly difficult to get skilled workers, forcing companies to offer salary increases to attract and retain talent.
"The pandemic has disrupted the sector in a lot of different ways, and we're seeing impacts like the skills shortage, increased costs and supply chain disruptions play out in real time," he said.
Still, Mr Charlton is confident about the outlook for Transurban's tollroad business, noting that congestion was returning to some roads in Sydney as COVID-19 restrictions eased, particularly around the M5 West and M7 motorways.
"We expect the rebound will continue to gain momentum with the resumption of international travel and airport traffic, along with data pointing to continued softer demand for public transport," he said.
Airports continue to be among Australia's most valuable infrastructure assets, with a $23.6 billion takeover proposal for Sydney Airport from a consortium led by IFM Investors highlighting its value, despite planes being grounded during the pandemic.
Other infrastructure groups, such as electricity and gas network owner AusNet Services and energy investor Spark Infrastructure, have also been caught up in Australia's M&A boom and are being snapped up.
Competition regulator boss Rod Sims has warned that when assets are sold for high prices without regulation, the fees charged to users go up. "It's just raising the cost structure of the Australian economy. Why we do that, I have no idea, other countries don't do this," Mr Sims said.
Virgin Australia chief executive Jayne Hrdlicka said it was important to recognise the nation's impressive effort to raise vaccination rates.
"We are now among the most vaccinated in the world and can start with confidence the process of relaxing restrictions and opening borders," she said.
"I cannot wait to get our naturally adventurous Australian lifestyles back, underpinned by open borders. The entire travel sector depends on it. For aviation, it has been a punishing 18 months as we worked to protect Australia's vital transport infrastructure at huge financial and emotional cost to our business and our teams."
Virgin has been through a dramatic period, crashing into administration in April 2020 and emerging under the ownership of US private equity giant Bain Capital seven months later. Ms Hrdlicka said the airline and tourism industry would need to continue to be adaptable, with the popularity of some destinations likely to change following the pandemic.
"We are now flying to lots of new destinations and creating opportunities for Australia which may not otherwise have happened," she said. "The new routes may change again, but our ability to quickly adjust and move capacity around our network will not."
Melbourne Airport CEO Lyell Strambi said that while it was great to see fully vaccinated Australian citizens allowed back in the country without quarantining, the federal government needed to "push the accelerator" on setting a date to bring in fully vaccinated foreigners, including students, tourists and skilled workers.
"They pose no greater risk to a highly protected state like Victoria, and would help revive our tourism and education sectors," Mr Strambi said.
"As a nation we need state border consistency so we can send a clear message to international guests that Australia is open to the world."
Airports are worried that foreign airlines will favour other destinations over Australia if the nation's reopening dates are not clear and that ongoing state border restrictions will deter foreign tourists from coming.
Sydney Airport is spending about $120 million to try to capitalise on NSW's reopening and bring back flights as fast as possible, while the state government is putting in an additional $60 million.
Increased international passenger flights benefit Australian exporters by boosting air freight capacity. Most air freight is carried in and out of Australia in the belly of passenger aircraft and rates for the limited space available have been soaring due to the lack of capacity and strong demand, with exporters also struggling to find space on ships.
Transport and Tourism Forum CEO Margy Osmond has warned there will be no "simple" return to public transport services like buses, trains, trams and ferries as people continue working at home and shift to other forms of transport such as bikes.
She also expects a "very limited" return to international leisure and business travel until all state borders are fully open and travellers can move around the country easily.
"Australia is a long-haul destination, if you're coming here we're on your bucket list," Ms Osmond said.
"Which means if you're coming, you want certainty that you can go to the Great Barrier Reef, Uluru, Ningaloo, the Barossa Valley or whatever else it may be."
Western Australia's refusal to open its borders until late January or early February – and potentially cut off regions like the Pilbara – is expected to further strain work forces in the west.
WA's delay in reopening has also forced Qantas to use Darwin as its departure city for direct flights to London rather than Perth. If Darwin succeeds in keeping the Darwin- London route, it could boost tourism and infrastructure development in the Northern Territory.
The summit will debate how infrastructure needs will change in a post-pandemic world.
"The only good thing to have come out of the pandemic is that the reality has now dawned on us that the infrastructure of tomorrow is allowing the empowerment of individuals and businesses to make decisions differently about how people are engaged in the workplace," said Snowy Hydro chief executive Paul Broad.
"The infrastructure of tomorrow enabling the quantum leap in productivity that our economy desperately needs will be about connectivity, it will be about a more dispersed, less urbanised population."
Jenny Wiggins writes on business, specialising in infrastructure and transport. Connect with Jenny on Twitter. Email Jenny at jwiggins@afr.com
James Thomson is a Chanticleer columnist based in Melbourne. He was the Companies editor and editor of BRW Magazine. Connect with James on Twitter. Email James at j.thomson@afr.com
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Geometry strengthens its APAC Regional Team with Andreas Moellmann, Jane Perry and Jorge Thauby all moving up.
Andreas Moellmann, former Chief Strategy Officer/Head of Digital of Geometry Japan, is promoted to Regional CXO (Chief Experience Officer). He joined Geometry in January 2018 and has successfully innovated the agency's offering and client solutions alike. In his new role, his focus will be on pushing the boundaries of brand experiences.
In addition, two senior leaders from Geometry Singapore will drive the agency's global client initiative across the region: Jane Perry, Managing Director (pictured centre), and Jorge Thauby, Executive Creative Director (pictured right). While they both keep the current role locally in Singapore, Perry has been promoted to Global Client Lead APAC and Jorge to Global Clients, ECD APAC. The Singapore duo has an outstanding track record of winning new business and is now tasked to leverage on the Singapore team's success to break new ground for the APAC region.
"In our new roles, Jorge and myself will be supporting Geometry leads across the region on growing our global clients, whilst maintaining responsibility for the overall health of the Singapore agency. To take a Singapore MD and ECD and put them onto a regional growth team is indicative of the focus and drive our CEO has for the region. It's an exciting time for Geometry as we work to redefine brand experience. Building on the great success we have had out of Singapore, I'm excited to drive our clients' agenda for and on behalf of Geometry and WPP across APAC", said Perry.
Diana Cawley, Geometry's APAC CEO, said, "It's all about collaboration and teamwork across the region. Our strength lies in shaping the best brand experiences through which we can influence people's behavior, and we will allocate the best expertise to deliver the best client service.
Moellmann gave profound strategic and digital impact at Geometry Japan in a very short time. As we are in the midst of our own transformation in APAC, we need to utilize his capabilities across the region. He will add momentum to the progress we are already making.


text:
Additional Titles
An Economic Assault on
African-Americans and Others in The US
Why The 28-Page Gap?
More Cuddy
THE POWER ELITE EXPOSED
By Dennis L. Cuddy, Ph.D.
NewsWithViews.com
There is� little doubt that the American power elite has� planned and plotted�.. The power elite is not altogether 'surfaced.' �With the wide secrecy covering their operations and decisions, the power elite can mark their intentions, operations and further consolidation�. New men come into it [the power elite] and assume its existence without question.
--from The Power Elite (1956) by Columbia University sociologist C. Wright Mills
The nation's immediate problem is that while the common man fights America's wars, the intellectual elite sets its agenda. Today, whether the West lives or dies is in the hands of its new power elite: those who set the terms of public debate, who manipulate the symbols, who decide whether nations or leaders will be depicted on 100 million television sets as 'good' or 'bad.' This power elite sets the limits of the possible for Presidents and Congress. It molds the impressions that move the nation, or that mire it.
--from The Real War (1980) by President Richard Nixon
At the national level, this conditioning of the public might be brought about via certain crises, such as a terrorist attack�. For the sake of peace and security, people may be willing to give up certain of their freedoms to some extent.
--from The Globalists: The Power Elite Exposed (published July 2001, two months before the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001) by Dennis L. Cuddy, Ph.D.
Popular national radio talk-show host Rush Limbaugh repeatedly refers to anyone who believes in a one-world government conspiracy involving the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) as a "kook." However, on his February 7, 1995 program, he remarked: "You see, if you amount to anything in Washington these days, it is because you have been plucked or handpicked from an Ivy League school � Harvard, Yale, Kennedy School of Government � you've shown an aptitude to be a good Ivy League type, and so you're plucked so to speak, and you are assigned success. You are assigned a certain role in government somewhere, and then your success is monitored and tracked, and you go where the pluckers and the handpickers can put you."
While there are conspiracies going on in the world today, the pursuit of world government now is no longer conspiratorial in the sense of being hidden or secret. Rather, it's what socialist author H.G. Wells called "The Open Conspiracy," as prominent people such as Bill Clinton have openly written in support of world government. It will probably be a World Socialist Government, synthesizing western capitalism and eastern communism. In fact, Joseph Stalin in a speech at Sverdlov University in April 1924 pronounced that "the amalgamation and collaboration of nations within a single world system of economy� constitutes the material basis for the victory of socialism." And regarding what world government will ultimately mean, it will be authoritarian and repressive, for as Lord Acton wrote: "Absolute power corrupts absolutely."
In 1891, gold and diamond magnate Cecil Rhodes formed a secret society, the Society of the Elect, to "absorb the wealth of the world" and "to take the government of the whole world," according to Rhodes. According to Prof. Carroll Quigley, Bill Clinton's mentor at Georgetown University, in The Anglo-American Establishment, Rhodes' conspiratorial secret society lasted almost 60 years. By that time, enough members of the society and Rhodes scholars had penetrated the areas of politics, economics, journalism and education, so that the society was simply replaced by a network of power elite, who would openly pursue world government.
According to Quigley, "The [Rhodes] scholarships were merely a fa�ade to conceal the secret society, or, more accurately, they were to be one of the instruments by which members of the secret society could carry out Rhodes' purpose." And in case anyone doubts the credibility of Prof. Quigley regarding this matter, The Washington Post article (March 23, 1975) about him and his information obtained from the power elite's "secret records" was titled, "The Professor Who Knew Too Much."
Cecil Rhodes' secret society was comprised of a small "Circle of Initiates" and a larger semi-secret "Association of Helpers" which formed Round Table Groups.
Rhodes scholars today will tell you that Rhodes abandoned his conspiratorial plans, instead opting simply to establish Rhodes scholarships. However, Association of Helpers member Arnold Toynbee, a world famous British historian, revealed in a June 1931 speech to the Institute for the Study of International Affairs at Copenhagen: "We are at present working discreetly with all our might to wrest this mysterious force called sovereignty out of the clutches of the local nation states of the world. All the time we are denying with our lips what we are doing with our hands, because to impugn the sovereignty of the local nation states of the world is still a heresy for which a statesman or publicist can perhaps not quite be burned at the stake but certainly ostracized or discredited." (See "The Trend of International Affairs Since The War" in the November 1931 edition of the Royal Institute of International Affairs' journal International Affairs.) This was decades after Rhodes established his scholarships.
Members of the Round Table Groups along with members of the Fabian (Socialist) Society as well as "the Inquiry" (a group formed by President Woodrow Wilson's chief advisor, Col. Edward M. House) formed the Royal Institute of International Affairs in Great Britain, and its American branch, the CFR. Both Prof. Quigley in Tragedy and Hope and CFR member Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. in A Thousand Days have referred to the CFR as a "front" for the power elite. And in Men and Powers, former West Germany chancellor Helmut Schmidt referred to the CFR as "the foreign policy elite," which prepared people for "top-level missions" in government and "other centers of international policy" and "had very silent but effective ways of seeing to its own succession."
Members of Rhodes' secret society networked with Fabian Socialists, who established the London School of Economics in 1895. One early Fabian, H.G. Wells, in New Worlds for Old explained what he called "a plot," whereby heads of state would come and go, but bureaucrats trained at the London School of Economics, for example, would remain in government making rules and regulations furthering the goals of the Fabian Socialists. Wells broke with the Fabians, not in terms of goals, but only in believing they should be open about them, as he explained the coming synthesis of western capitalism and eastern communism into a world socialist government. In this regard, he authored The Open Conspiracy: Blue Prints for a World Revolution (1928) and The New World Order (1939), in which he said sovereign states (nations) would end and "countless people� will hate the new world order� and will die protesting against it."
The power elite understood that it would be difficult to get the people of the world to accept a world government all at once, and so a gradualistic approach was suggested. Association of Helpers member and Canadian Rhodes scholar P.E. Corbett in Post-War Worlds (1942) wrote: "A world association binding together and coordinating regional groupings of states may evolve toward one universal federal government�. World government is the ultimate aim, but there is more chance of attaining it by gradual development." More recently, at Mikhail Gorbachev's first State of the World Forum in 1995, Zbigniew Brzezinski (President Jimmy Carter's National Security Advisor) announced that we "cannot leap into world government through one quick step, but rather via progressive regionalization."
During the presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the trend toward socialism was obvious, but even after World War II it continued, as U.S. Rep. Carroll Reece on April 6, 1956 delivered a speech saying, "We approach closer and closer to socialism," and "The foundation-financed cartel promotes the idea of government by an elite." One of the elite was Rhodes scholar Walt Rostow who, in The United States in the World Arena (1960), proposed "an end to nationhood as it has been historically defined." He became Deputy National Security Advisor for President John F. Kennedy, whose Secretary of State was Rhodes scholar Dean Rusk, who in September 1961 issued "Freedom From War: The U.S. Program for General and Complete Disarmament in a Peaceful World."
The same year "Freedom From War" was issued, another Rhodes scholar, Richard Gardner, became Deputy Assistant Secretary of State and three years later, while still in that position, authored In Pursuit of World Order. The Foreword to this book was written by Rhodes scholar Harlan Cleveland, who has been a CFR member, Ambassador to NATO, Director of International Affairs at the Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies, and Chairman of the U.S. Weather Modification Advisory Board. Cleveland's books include The Third Try at World Order, Birth of a New World, and The Global Commons: Policy for the Planet.
How would "World Order" be pursued? In the April 1974 edition of the CFR's Foreign Affairs, Richard Gardner wrote in "The Hard Road to World Order," that it would involve "an end run around national sovereignty, eroding it piece by piece." He believed that approach would "accomplish much more than the old-fashioned frontal assault," and he further explained how GATT could be involved in the process. Gardner would eventually become an advisor on the United Nations to CFR member Bill Clinton�s first presidential campaign, after which he would become U.S. Ambassador to Spain, from which would come Marxist Javier Solana as the head of NATO with the support of the Clinton administration.
Bill Clinton had become a Rhodes scholar in the late 1960s with support from Prof. Quigley and Rhodes scholar U.S. Senator J. William Fulbright, who had authored Old Myths and New Realities (1964), announcing: "Indeed, the concept of national sovereignty has become in our time a principle of international anarchy�. The sovereign nation can no longer serve as the ultimate unit of personal loyalty and responsibility."
During then Governor Clinton's 1992 presidential campaign, his Rhodes scholar roommate at Oxford University, CFR director Strobe Talbott, wrote in Time (July 20, 1992) that "perhaps national sovereignty wasn't such a great idea after all�. But it has taken the events in our own wondrous and terrible century to clinch the case for world government." For that article, Talbott would receive the World Federalist Association's "Norman Cousins Global Governance Award," and on June 22, 1993, President Clinton would send a congratulatory letter to the WFA regarding the award, saying that previous WFA president Norman Cousins had worked for world peace "and world government." President Clinton ended the letter by wishing the WFA "future success." The WFA's objective is world federal government, and in 1994 it published The Genius of Federation: Why World Federation Is the Answer to Global Problems, in which it strategized: "Let the U.N. establish new agencies such as the International Criminal Court�. National sovereignty would be gradually eroded until it is no longer an issue. Eventually a world federation can be formally adopted with little resistance." In November 2003, the WFA merged with the Campaign for United Nations Reform to form a new organization called Citizens for Global Solutions with the motto "Building a World Community Under Law."
During his presidency, Bill Clinton would also develop a close relationship with British Prime Minister Tony Blair (a vice-president of Socialist International), whose "The Third Way: New Politics for the New Century" calling for "ethical socialism" was published in September 1998 by the Fabian (Socialist) Society. And in The Washington Post (April 7, 1999), Rhodes scholar E.J. Dionne, Jr. wrote "A World Safe for Socialism," describing how the Democratic Leadership Council "found itself playing host� to four Western European leaders whose parties have socialist and social democratic roots�. All subscribe to versions of the 'Third Way' approach to politics that Blair and Clinton have been marketing."
When Bill Clinton was first campaigning for the presidency, he took a "tough" stand concerning policy toward Communist China. However, over the years of his presidency, his policies toward that nation took a dramatically more friendly shift. On ABC's "This Week" (March 15, 1997), Rhodes scholar and former Clinton administration communications director George Stephanopoulos (CFR member) revealed: "There were a lot of reasons the president changed his policy on China�. It had little to do with [Chinese] contributions." And when Cokie Roberts on the same program, said, "It had more to do with American money," Stephanopoulos replied: "Council on Foreign Relations, Lehman Brothers, Goldman-Sachs, absolutely." Quite a few Rhodes scholars have occupied high-level positions with Goldman-Sachs over the years.
At this point, someone might say that they understand that Cecil Rhodes had a secret society to take over the world, and that Rhodes scholars like Robert Reich, Ira Magaziner, James Woolsey and others played important roles in the Clinton Administration. But, they might say, "That's all over, isn't it, now that Clinton has left office?"
It's important to remember, though, in this regard what Prof. Quigley said in Tragedy and Hope. He noted that William C. Whitney and others of wealth in the late 19th century developed a plan whereby they would control both major political parties through financial contributions, and then have those parties alternate power so that the public would think it had a choice. Prof. Quigley said that Whitney's plan lasted about 16 years, and after that, the "Eastern Establishment" (power elite) moved the Democrat and Republican presidential candidates toward the political center, "assiduously fostering the process behind the scenes." Prof. Quigley also said, "the process was concealed, as much as possible," and Quigley himself believed "the two parties should be almost identical, so that the American people can 'throw the rascals out' at any election without leading to any profound or extensive shifts in policy."
William C. Whitney and his son were members of Yale University�s secret society Skull & Bones. And while Rhodes scholars were penetrating the areas of education, economics, journalism and politics, Skull & Bones member and Fabian Socialist ally Daniel Coit Gilman brought G. Stanley Hall to Johns Hopkins University, where he mentored Fabian Socialist ally John Dewey, the "father of progressive education," who said in Individualism, Old and New that "we are in for some kind of socialism."
In economics, Skull & Bones member Thomas Daniels was Chairman of the Board of Archer-Daniels-Midland transnational corporation, and Fabian Socialist John Maynard Keynes was promoting his debt-laden "Keynesian economics," which President Richard Nixon (CFR member) in a January 4, 1971 interview with Rhodes scholar Howard K. Smith said he had now adopted. On September 30, 2001 on "Fox News Sunday," Skull & Bones member President George W. Bush's chief-of-staff Andrew Card also said he believed a combination of supply-side and Keynesian economics works best.
In journalism, just as Rhodes scholars like Erwin Canham (president of the American Society of Newspaper Editors) and newsmen Howard K. Smith and Charles Collingwood along with Fabian (Socialist) Society members like Walter Lippmann (member of "the Inquiry" and CFR founding member) became prominent, Skull & Bones members Richard Ely Danielson became publisher of Atlantic Monthly, Russell Wheeler Davenport became editor of Fortune, William F. Buckley, Jr. became publisher of National Review, and Henry Luce became the founder of Time. Luce biographer Robert Herzstein wrote: "Early on, young Harry [Henry Luce] learned that a powerful circle of contacts and friends could move the world."
In politics, Skull & Bones member William Howard Taft in 1912 lost his presidential re-election bid in a three-way race similar to that of 1992 when Skull & Bones member George H.W. Bush lost his re-election bid to Bill Clinton. In 1912, Taft lost to Gov. Woodrow Wilson, a Democrat whose chief advisor Col. Edward M. House had promoted in Philip Dru: Administrator "socialism as dreamed of by Karl Marx." And in 1992, President George H.W. Bush lost to Rhodes scholar Bill Clinton, who soon thereafter introduced a health care plan about which Milton Friedman on C-Span (Nov. 20, 1994) said: "You can�t think of a more Socialist program than the health care program that he [Bill Clinton] tried to get us to adopt."
Relevant to Prof. Quigley's reference to William C. Whitney�s plan for an alternation of power and the power elite�s promotion of Democrat and Republican presidential candidates whose foreign policy views are similarly globalist, Skull & Bones member George W. Bush then succeeded Bill Clinton as president, but foreign policy remained basically the same, which is what the power elite want. George W. Bush, his father, and Bill Clinton all supported such things as NAFTA, GATT, the World Trade Organization, U.N. peacekeeping operations, and Most Favored Nation trading status for Communist China. And like his father and Bill Clinton, President George W. Bush (whose website for his presidential campaign of 2000 was with Illuminati Online) has appointed notable CFR members to high-level positions in his administration. They include Colin Powell, Christine Todd Whitman, Elaine Chao, Condoleezza Rice and Robert Zoellick. Vice-President Dick Cheney is also a CFR member, and Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld is a former CFR member.
In the presidential campaign of 2004, among the leading Democratic challengers to President Bush were General Wesley Clark (Rhodes scholar from Little Rock, Arkansas) and U.S. Senator John Edwards, whose primary domestic policy advisor was Bruce Reed (Rhodes scholar who was President Clinton�s Domestic Policy Council deputy assistant). Though each of these candidates won a state's primary, U.S. Senator John Kerry has won far more primary states and is the presumptive Democratic nominee for President. Like President George W. Bush, Sen. Kerry is also a member of Skull & Bones, so whether the Democratic or Republican nominee wins the election in November 2004, a member of Skull & Bones will be President. And like President Bush, Sen. Kerry has also supported NAFTA, GATT, etc., which are vitally important to the power elite.
At this point, someone might argue that neither President George H.W. Bush nor his son, President George W. Bush, promotes socialism per se, and that is correct. But it should be remembered that what is at work is a "process," and when President George H.W. Bush gave us national education goals and his son's federal education budget is the largest ever, including an element of "accountability" to the federal Department of Education, that cannot be considered a movement away from socialism. Similarly, when President George H.W. Bush and his son both show some deference to the U.N., which is overwhelmingly dominated by socialist nations, that cannot be considered a movement away from a world socialist government. Is there really any substantial difference between President George H.W. Bush saying the Gulf War against Iraq was conducted under the authority of a U.N. resolution, and Bill Clinton saying on October 19, 1993 regarding Somalia that his administration is engaging in a political process "to see how we can� do all the things the United Nations ordered [us] to do"? And in case one doesn't believe the U.N. is pursuing world government status, what else can one call it when the U.N.'s International Criminal Tribunal claims the right to indict even an elected head of state of a sovereign nation and pursue him anywhere in the world?
Concerning the United Nations, one can find examples of both Rhodes scholar and Skull & Bones involvement. At the suggestion of President Clinton, U.N. Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali made Rhodes scholar James Gustave Speth head of the U.N. Development Program. This was after Vice-President Bush in 1986 had recommended Skull & Bones member William Henry Draper III for the same position. Incidentally, Draper in 1977 had contributed $93,000 to Skull & Bones member George W. Bush's first company, Arbusto Energy, of which Salem bin Laden (Osama bin Laden's brother) was also a founder. Regarding other Skull & Bones members around George H.W. Bush (whose brother, Jonathan, is a member), Christopher Buckley (William F. Buckley, Jr.'s son) is a member of this Yale University secret society and was a speechwriter for Vice-President Bush. And member Bruce S. Gelb (CFR member) was director of the U.S. Information Agency and later Ambassador to Belgium after Vice-President Bush became President. And regarding President George W. Bush, he appointed a number of fellow Skull & Bones members including Edward McNally (General Counsel to the Office of Homeland Security), William Howard Taft IV (legal counsel to Secretary of State Colin Powell), and William Henry Donaldson (Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission).
In the U.S. Government, there has also been matching Rhodes scholar and Skull & Bones involvement. In the executive branch, at the same time Rhodes scholar Strobe Talbott was becoming number two at the State Department, President Clinton had appointed Skull & Bones member Winston Lord (former CFR president) as an Assistant Secretary of State. And just as President John F. Kennedy had a number of Rhodes scholars at high levels in his administration, Skull & Bones members McGeorge Bundy and brother William Bundy occupied high-level positions then as well. William Bundy also worked for the CIA as have other Skull & Bones members such as William F. Buckley, Jr., his brother James Buckley, William Sloane Coffin, Archibald MacLeish, Richard Bissell, F. Trubee Davison, Amory Howe Bradford (officer of The New York Times from the mid-1940s until 1963), Richard Drain, Howard Weaver, and Hugh Cunningham (also a Rhodes scholar). Skull & Bones member George H.W. Bush actually headed the CIA as have Rhodes scholars Stansfield Turner and James Woolsey.
Regarding the military, Skull & Bones member Henry Stimson (who initiated George H.W. Bush into the same secret society) was Secretary of War in the administration of President Franklin Roosevelt, and President Clinton appointed Rhodes scholar Gen. Wesley Clark as head of NATO forces. President Clinton also appointed Rhodes scholar Richard Danzig as Secretary of the Navy and Rhodes scholar Admiral Dennis C. Blair as Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Pacific Command.
In the legislative branch, a number of Rhodes scholars and Skull & Bones members have been in Congress, and former U.S. Senator David Boren (CFR member) is both a Rhodes scholar and Skull & Bones member, who on August 26, 1992 wrote an article in The New York Times advocating a rapid deployment force for the U.N. to facilitate "the new world order." During the Clinton presidency, Sen. Boren as a Rhodes scholar persuaded President Clinton to make George Tenet head of the CIA, and then Sen. Boren as a Skull & Bones member persuaded fellow Bonesman President George W. Bush to keep Tenet in that important position.
In the judicial branch, the U.S. Supreme Court has included Skull & Bones members Potter Stewart and William Howard Taft (Chief Justice), and Rhodes scholars John Harlan, David Souter, and Byron White. One of Justice White's law clerks was Rhodes scholar David Kendall, who was also President Clinton's attorney during the Monica Lewinsky scandal.
Outside of government, of course, Rhodes scholars and Skull & Bones members have also been involved in important areas of American life, such as finance. Earlier it was mentioned how quite a few Rhodes scholars have worked for Goldman-Sachs over the years, and Skull & Bones members Averell Harriman, his brother E. Roland Harriman, and Prescott Sheldon Bush (George H.W. Bush's father) were partners in Brown Brothers, Harriman & Co.
These individuals have formed a network of power over the years, and although not every Rhodes scholar and Skull & Bones member has been plotting to take over the world, they are, for the most part, an elite whose globalist goals must be resisted by Americans who oppose any diminution of our Constitutional freedoms or our national sovereignty.
How might this diminution occur? At the top of page 303 of my book, The Globalists: The Power Elite Exposed, published in July 2001, I state: "At the national level, this conditioning of the public might be brought about via certain crises, such as a terrorist attack�. For the sake of peace and security, people may be willing to give up certain of their freedoms to some extent." Then on September 11, terrorists attacked the Pentagon near Washington, D.C., and the World Trade Center in New York City, and a few hours later ABC News/Washington Post released poll results showing two-thirds "say they would sacrifice some personal liberties in support of anti-terrorism efforts." Does this mean the power elite plotted the attacks on September 11? After all, didn't the public affairs website indiareacts.com report on June 26 that the U.S. and Russia plan "'limited military action' against the Taliban if the contemplated tough new economic sanctions don't bend Afghanistan's fundamentalist regime"? And didn't the PBS program "Jihad in America" in 1994 show radical Muslims speaking in the U.S. over a decade ago and saying they would attack our airplanes and go after our high buildings? And in the same year of 1994, didn't Islamic terrorists hijack a plane in Algiers, intending to fly the passenger aircraft full of fuel into a tall prominent structure, the Eiffel Tower, exploding the plane over Paris?
Closer to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, didn�t AirlineBiz.com on June 23, 2001 carry a report by a Muslim who had just interviewed Osama bin Laden and concluded that it was a race to see whether the U.S. would attack bin Laden first or he would attack the U.S. first? Shortly after this report, didn't the Northwest Airlines flight attendants' website carry a "Backgrounder" by Washington Times reporter Bill Gertz referring to Project Bojinka with hijacked airliners flying into the World Trade Center, Pentagon and other buildings? Then on September 10, 2001, didn't some top Pentagon officials suddenly cancel their travel plans for the next morning apparently because of security concerns, according to two reports by Newsweek? And on the evening of September 10, 2001, eight hours before the terrorist attacks of September 11, didn't San Francisco Mayor Willie Brown's security people at the airport there call him before his flight to New York City the morning of September 11 and advise him that he and all Americans should be cautious about their air travel (see The San Francisco Chronicle, September 12, page A17)? How could our leaders following the September 11 terrorist attacks here say that no one could have imagined such a thing would occur? I filed a Freedom of Information request regarding any warnings, alerts, or emergency rulings by the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) or other government agencies pertaining to transportation between May 2001 and September 15 of that year. The Department of Homeland Security replied they had found 12 relevant Information Circulars, but they would not let me see them.
Wasn't Marcus Mabry's Newsweek Web Exclusive of September 15, 2001, about the terrorist attacks and their aftermath titled, "Welcome to the New World Order"? And didn't Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chretien say on September 29, 2001, that "there will probably be a new order in the world that will probably be better than we have now"?
No, the power elite actually didn't plot the attacks of September 11. They didn�t have to. Remember that Rhodes' conspiracy ended as such around 1960 because enough like-minded globalists were in key positions in politics, economics, education and journalism, and his conspiracy was no longer necessary (being replaced by a global network of power elite pursuing world government). When a student several years ago went on a shooting rampage, the press rarely reported that he was stopped by a teacher with a gun, because the press is overwhelmingly for gun control. The power elite did not have to call editors of the nation�s newspapers and tell them what to say.
Similarly, the power elite didn't call up terrorists and tell them to fly into the Pentagon and World Trade Center. However, if I could forecast terrorist attacks, so can the power elite.
Rather, there is a dialectic at work here. You may recall that under at State Department contract, CFR member Lincoln Bloomfield in 1962 wrote: "A world effectively controlled by the United Nations is one in which 'world government' would come about through the establishment of supranational institutions, characterized by� some ability to employ physical force�. [But] if the communist dynamic was greatly abated, the West might lose whatever incentive it has for world government." Interestingly, Bloomfield also wrote that the world government could come about by means of "a grave crisis or war to bring about a sudden transformation in national attitudes sufficient for the purpose�. The order we examine may be brought into existence as a result of a series of sudden, nasty, and traumatic shocks."
Relevant to today, it is the reaction (public willingness to give up some Constitutional freedoms) to the action (terrorist attack wherever and whenever and however it occurs) that is important to the power elite. Thus, they don't have to cause the action, but only anticipate that it will occur sometime, and emphasize the public reaction to it to further their goals. And in case anyone doesn't believe the power elite wants a diminution of our Constitutional freedoms and our national sovereignty, just look at Our Global Neighborhood: The Basic Vision, a document produced several years ago by The Commission on Global Governance, whose work was supported by then U.N. Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali. Members of the Commission included Maurice Strong (Secretary-General of the Rio Earth Summit, co-author of the current Earth Charter, and right-hand man of U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan) and Barber Conable (former president of the World Bank). Among the Commission�s proposals are that "a new world order must be organized�. In certain fields, sovereignty has to be exercised collectively�. The principle of sovereignty must be adapted in such a way as to balance� the interests of nations with the interests of the global neighborhood�. We strongly endorse community initiatives to� encourage the disarming of civilians�. We would like to see a permanent international criminal court instituted as a matter of the highest priority�. We are� in need of a mobilizing principle� a new world order that secures the ascendancy of global neighborhood values over divisive nationalism."
Of course, the public will have to be prepared to accept world government, and what better way to do that than via education. The primary arm of the U.N. dealing with education is UNESCO, and in its first Director-General Sir Julian Huxley's UNESCO: Its Purpose and Its Philosophy (1948), he wrote: "Political unification in some sort of world government will be required." On October 3, 2003, on the occasion of the U.S. rejoining UNESCO (after President Reagan had withdrawn the U.S.), U.S. Secretary of Education Rod Paige declared: "The United States is pleased to return to UNESCO�. Our governments have entrusted us with the responsibility of preparing our children to become citizens of the world�. UNESCO is a powerful forum for sharing our views, developing a common strategy, and implementing joint action." The problem with the concept of "world citizens" is that just as "citizens" of a state have to obey the laws of that state, "citizens of the world" will be expected to obey world laws. And the clear majority of the world's nations are socialist, so that world laws will reflect a socialist perspective.
The conditioning of the public in the past has been gradual, but as famous author H.G. Wells noted, the process will speed up in the end as the synthesis toward a World Socialist Government gains greater momentum. Hopefully, Americans will wake up before it�s too late and resist this global effort on the part of the power elite.
� 2004 Dennis Cuddy - All Rights Reserved
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Dennis Laurence Cuddy, historian and political analyst, received a Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (major in American History, minor in political science). Dr. Cuddy has taught at the university level, has been a political and economic risk analyst for an international consulting firm, and has been a Senior Associate with the U.S. Department of Education.
Cuddy has also testified before members of Congress on behalf of the U.S. Department of Justice. Dr. Cuddy has authored or edited seventeen books and booklets, and has written hundreds of articles appearing in newspapers around the nation, including The Washington Post, Los Angeles Times and USA Today. He has been a guest on numerous radio talk shows in various parts of the country, such as ABC Radio in New York City, and he has also been a guest on the national television programs USA Today and CBS's Nightwatch.
"In 1891, gold and diamond magnate Cecil Rhodes formed a secret society, the Society of the Elect, to "absorb the wealth of the world" and "to take the government of the whole world," according to Rhodes."


The change in lifestyles, thanks to the Great Depression of 2008, has also led to a change in vocabulary. We are hearing a new set of Hate Words; or words we hate to hear. Here are the ones that are destined to dominate headlines and conversations in the foreseeable future, words that are guaranteed to send anybody into a depression.


Atlanta, GA – ECIA is pleased to announce that respected industry veteran, Phil Gallagher, will headline this year's 2018 Executive Conference October 21-23 at Loews Chicago O'Hare Hotel in Rosemont, IL. Gallagher is the global president for the electronic components business at Avnet. He leads the company's broadline distribution business with four regional presidents reporting to him — spanning the Americas, Europe and Asia. He also oversees supplier relationships, global procurement, and supply chain services. Gallagher's keynote presentation will focus on the opportunities as well as some of the challenges still facing the electronics distribution industry today.


Francis VERCKER [Parents] was born in Jul 1888 in Summerville, Westport, Mayo, Ireland. He died after 1920. He married 1 Florence Isabel LONEY on 23 Jul 1913 in Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada.
Florence Isabel LONEY [Parents] was born 1, 2 on 1 Jan 1897 in British Columbia, Canada. She died after 1920. She married 3 Francis VERCKER on 23 Jul 1913 in Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada.
F i Doreen VERCKER was born 1 about 1914 in British Columbia, Canada. She died after 1920.
James HILL [Parents] was christened 1 on 6 Jan 1807 in Aston Rowant, Oxford, England. He died after 1880. He married Mary.
Mary was born 1 about 1811 in Kingston Blount, Oxford, England. She died after 1880. She married James HILL.
Edward Richard WAITE was born 1 in Oct 1876 in Camberwell, London, England. He died 2 in Jan 1905 in Camberwell, London, England. He married 3, 4 Emily Kate MINES on 4 Jun 1900 in Camberwell, London, England.
Emily Kate MINES [Parents] was born 1, 2 in Jul 1874 in High Wycombe, Buckingham, England. She died after 1910. She married 3, 4 Edward Richard WAITE on 4 Jun 1900 in Camberwell, London, England.
Albert COLE [Parents] was born 1, 2 in Jan 1872 in East Haddon, Northamptonshire, England. He died after 1900. He married 3 Harriett MUDDIMAN in Jan 1896 in Daventry, Northampton, England.
Harriett MUDDIMAN [Parents] was born 1, 2 in Jan 1874 in Great Creaton, Northampton, England. She died after 1900. She married 3 Albert COLE in Jan 1896 in Daventry, Northampton, England.
M i William Charles COLE was born 1, 2 in Jan 1896 in Long Buckby, Northampton, England. He died after 1900.
F ii Edith May COLE was born 1, 2 in Apr 1898 in East Haddon, Northamptonshire, England. She died after 1900.
M iii Albert COLE was born 1, 2 in Jan 1900 in East Haddon, Northamptonshire, England. He died after 1900.
Herman SCHNEIDER died before 2012. He married Living.
M ii Leonard SCHNEIDER died before 2013.
F iii Myrtle SCHNEIDER died before 2013.
Leonard S. TURNER.Leonard married Nancy MCDONALD.
Nancy MCDONALD.Nancy married Leonard S. TURNER.
Seth Raymond TURNER [Parents] was born about 1886 in Wallaceburg, Ontario, Canada. He married 1 Amelia Ellen HERRLING on 11 Apr 1911 in New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada.
Amelia Ellen HERRLING [Parents] was born 1, 2 on 17 Nov 1883 in British Columbia, Canada. She died after 1900. She married 3 Seth Raymond TURNER on 11 Apr 1911 in New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada.
CARSON. married Marjorie Louise POWELL before 1922.
Marjorie Louise POWELL [Parents] was born 1 on 6 Sep 1895 in Ontario, Canada. She died 2 in 1936 in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. She was buried in Burnsland, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. She married CARSON before 1922.
Arthur Russell BUTTERFIELD [Parents] was born about 1888 in United States of America. He married 1 Esther May HERRLING on 12 Sep 1911 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Esther May HERRLING [Parents] was born 1 on 6 May 1888 in British Columbia, Canada. She died after 1900. She married 2 Arthur Russell BUTTERFIELD on 12 Sep 1911 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Victor Sadler SHILLINGFORD [Parents] was born 1, 2 in Jan 1881 in Islington, Middlesex, England. He died after 1900. He married 3 Ethel E PARSONS in Apr 1913 in Edmonton, Middlesex, England.
Ethel E PARSONS died after 1912. She married 1 Victor Sadler SHILLINGFORD in Apr 1913 in Edmonton, Middlesex, England.


Coconut Ash + Earth Deep Cleansing Mask by Little Barn Apothecary is a deep cleansing activated charcoal mask that effectively brightens and purifies skin and assists in a healthier looking complexion. Formulated with activated bamboo charcoal, coconut extract, and carrot seed for a deep clean without over drying skin.
Apply a thin layer over face and relax for 15-20 minutes until dry. Rinse well.
Fuller's Earth, Activated Bamboo Charcoal*, Water, Vegetable Glycerin, Colloidal Oatmeal, Cetearyl Olivate and Sorbitan Olivate (Olive derived), Leuconostoc (Radish Root Ferment Filtrate), Lactobacillus and Coconut Fruit Extract, Cane Alcohol*, Carrot Seed Oil*.


« IRENE SLAMS New York and New Jersey….
ROGER KIMBALL: More irenic thoughts, or Obama as Dukakis.
Funny how often people with no sense of humor manage to do that.
UPDATE: From Skip Press on Facebook: "Funny how Hurricane Irene was slowing down, then Obama took over the hurricane center and it sped up." He's got the magic touch!
Meanwhile, I note that at least Dukakis looked like he was having fun in the tank.


The apartment is very basic but clean. It is located a short distance from the bay and local shops/restaurants. The property is approximately 350m from the beach. Unfortunately the incomplete building to the front of this block does restrict the view of the beach.
I used the transfer service that Ryanair now have on their site- The bus stopped outside the block.
The kitchen contains a decent sized fridge/freezer and a selection of plates and a limited amount of cutlery. There is a hob, microwave and toaster but no kettle. It is big enough if you are mostly eating out. The utility room has a washing machine.
Living areas, bathroom and bedroom are spacious enough and clean. The living room and bedroom have ceiling fans though they were fairly ineffective and I slept on the balcony each night as there was a bed there and it was much cooler. Again I did not spend any time in the living room as it was too warm to do so, I didn't once try the couch. There are two single beds and a large wardrobe in the bedroom. The shower was great, a nice bit of power, just make sure the poorly placed window is closed or you may crack your head when you forget that it is open- I did. The apartment does have WiFi which runs at a great speed.
The grounds of the apartment are tidy and there is a nice pool. The panoramic lift is a treat- you will get a view inland from the block and it is air conditioned.
Angela is a pleasant host. Would I stay there again? I would for the convenience of the location but the price would need to be reduced significantly.
Si lo necesitan se les facilitaría un vehiculo en alquiler a un precio muy económico y también se les puede recoger en el aeropuerto o tren con un extra en el precio muy ajustado al ser clientes.Entrada: 16:00 h Salida: 11:00 h. Si hay posibilidad se flexibiliza.


text:
require 'rails_helper'

RSpec.describe Fleet, type: :model do
  describe '#participating?' do
    subject { FactoryGirl.build_stubbed(:fleet) }

    context 'when given eve_charid is already participating' do
      before { FactoryGirl.create(:participation, fleet: subject, eve_charid: 1) }

      it 'returns true' do
        expect(subject.participating?(1)).to be true
      end
    end

    context 'when given eve_charid is not already participating' do
      it 'returns false' do
        expect(subject.participating?(1)).to be false
      end
    end
  end

  describe '#expired?' do
    context 'when created more than 20 minutes ago' do
      subject { FactoryGirl.build_stubbed(:fleet, created_at: 21.minutes.ago).expired? }

      it { is_expected.to be true }
    end

    context 'when created less than 20 minutes ago' do
      subject { FactoryGirl.build_stubbed(:fleet, created_at: 19.minutes.ago).expired? }

      it { is_expected.to be false }
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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