text:
Q: How can I extract all sections of a Wikipedia page in plain text? I have the following code in python, which extracts only the introduction of the article on "Artificial Intelligence", while instead I would like to extract all sub-sections (History, Goals ...)
import requests

def get_wikipedia_page(page_title):
  endpoint = "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php"
  params = {
    "format": "json",
    "action": "query",
    "prop": "extracts",
    "exintro": "",
    "explaintext": "",
    "titles": page_title
  }
  response = requests.get(endpoint, params=params)
  data = response.json()
  pages = data["query"]["pages"]
  page_id = list(pages.keys())[0]
  return pages[page_id]["extract"]

page_title = "Artificial intelligence"
wikipedia_page = get_wikipedia_page(page_title)

Someone proposed to use another approach that parses html and uses BeautifulSoup to convert to text:
from urllib.request import urlopen
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence"
html = urlopen(url).read()
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, features="html.parser")

# kill all script and style elements
for script in soup(["script", "style"]):
    script.extract()    # rip it out

# get text
text = soup.get_text()

# break into lines and remove leading and trailing space on each
lines = (line.strip() for line in text.splitlines())
# break multi-headlines into a line each
chunks = (phrase.strip() for line in lines for phrase in
line.split("
"))
# drop blank lines
text = '\n'.join(chunk for chunk in chunks if chunk)

print(text)

This is not a good-enough solution, as it includes all text that appears on the website (like image text), and it includes citations in the text (e.g. [1]), while the first script removes them.
I suspect that the api of wikipedia should offer a more elegant solution, it would be rather weird if one can get only the first section?

A: Retrieving Wikipedia pages as HTML
Like in our web-browsers we can retrieve the complete Wikipedia page by URL and parse the HTML response with Beautiful Soup.
Wikepedia's API
As alternative we can use the API, see Wikipedia's API documentation.
Extract plain-text
When using the action=query with format=json you can use these 4 options for text-extraction:

*

*titles=Artificial intelligence for the page

*prop=extracts use the TextExtracts extension

*exintro limits the response to content before the first section heading (remove this to get entire text incl. sections)

*explaintext extracts as plain-text response instead of HTML

Example:
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&format=json&titles=Artificial%20intelligence&prop=extracts&explaintext
Get each section separately
To retrieve the sections use the action=parse with format=json and those options:

*

*page=Artificial intelligence get contents for this page

*prop=sections only return sections

There is also an API sandbox where you can try several parameters.
The resulting GET request will retrieve all the sections of example page "Artificial intelligence":
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ApiSandbox#action=parse&format=json&page=Artificial%20intelligence&prop=sections&formatversion=2
This will respond with a JSON containing all sections:
{
    "parse": {
        "title": "Artificial intelligence",
        "pageid": 1164,
        "sections": [
            {
                "toclevel": 1,
                "level": "2",
                "line": "History",
                "number": "1",
                "index": "1",
                "fromtitle": "Artificial_intelligence",
                "byteoffset": 5987,
                "anchor": "History",
                "linkAnchor": "History"
            }
}

(simplified, only first section kept)
To get the text of one of those sections, specify the section as query-parameter (by id or title), e.g.  section=1&sectiontitle=History:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ApiSandbox#action=parse&format=json&page=Artificial_intelligence&section=1&sectiontitle=History&formatversion=2
This retrieves the text (in HTML format):
{
    "parse": {
        "title": "Artificial intelligence",
        "pageid": 1164,
        "revid": 1126677096,
        "text": "

History[edit]
\n
Main articles: History of artificial intelligence and Timeline of artificial intelligence

Note: above response was cut-off to only show a sample of the text.
Although above text contents is formatted as HTML, there might be options to get it as plain-text.
See also

*

*Get Text Content from mediawiki page via API

*How to get plain text out of Wikipedia
Python code
You can also use Python like

*

*package wikipedia:

import wikpedia

wikipedia.set_lang('en')
page = wikipedia.page('Artificial intelligence')
print(page.content)

*a Gist from
Sai Kumar Yava (scionoftech) using requests:
A small Python Code to get Wikipedia page content in plan text


The inauguration of our 43rd President, George W. Bush. The Bible clearly tells us that we are to pray for those God puts in leadership over us. It is the sovereign will of God that allows men to rise to power. Don't forget that at the time these words were being written under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit (Romans 13:1), Rome was in power and the leaders of that day were involved in the persecution and killing of Christians simply for giving their allegiance to King Jesus as opposed to Caesar. Does that mean God allowed Stalin, Hitler, (Hussein), and all others throughout history to rise to power? The answer is yes! Why? Like in many things, we will never know for sure. The Word says in Isaiah 55:8 that God's thoughts, God's ways, are not ours and we can't even comprehend them. Nowhere in my Bible does it say that God has to tell us everything. It is in these cases that our faith must be real, and we must trust and accept God for who He is in our life.
Because of the unprecedented events that occurred after the November 7th election, and the natural division in people's political views, there are many who are not happy to see George W. Bush become our new President. Over the past 8 years, there have been many, many in our country who have not been happy to see Bill Clinton as our President. The fact remains, from Washington, to Clinton, and now to Bush, God has sovereignly allowed those men to rise to become the leader of our great nation. Because of that fact, and our Biblical mandate to pray for our leaders, I want you to take a few minutes this day and pray for the Presidency of George W. Bush. Above all, that he will be a leader after God's own heart. Not following the polls and focus groups, but the Holy Spirit of the living God. Not making decisions based on political pressure, but on prayer. To be all God intends him to be as the 43rd President of the United States of America.
The study of the end times is very subjective and open to much debate since it is yet to happen. But I can guarantee you one thing. God has raised this nation up in these last days to be a beacon of light to the world. To be a tool He will use in bringing in the final harvest. We are part of God's plan. He has blessed us to live in these exciting last days, in the freedom to really make a difference in bringing people into the Kingdom of God. Let our nation, and let each one of us individually, never lose sight of this opportunity. God bless George W. Bush, God bless the Untied States, and God bless each one of us as we all respond to the call of God on our lives.
If the Lord is leading you to help me finish this month with all of our financial obligations taken care of, you can make a gift on your major credit card on a secure server at my website, www.liveprayer.com under the "Donation" button, or you can use PayPal via my email address, bkeller@liveprayer.com , or mail a gift to: Liveprayer 6660 46th Avenue North St. Petersburg, Florida 33709 All gifts to Liveprayer are 100% tax deductible.


text:
Justia Regulation Tracker Department Of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Airworthiness Directives; CFM International S.A. Turbofan Engines, 66090-66093 [2018-27920]
Airworthiness Directives; CFM International S.A. Turbofan Engines, 66090-66093 [2018-27920]
Download as PDF 66090 Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 246 / Wednesday, December 26, 2018 / Rules and Regulations Issued in Des Moines, Washington, on December 13, 2018. Michael Kaszycki, Acting Director, System Oversight Division, Aircraft Certification Service. [FR Doc. 2018–27881 Filed 12–21–18; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4910–13–P DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Aviation Administration 14 CFR Part 39 [Docket No. FAA–2018–1039; Product Identifier 2018–NE–14–AD; Amendment 39– 19531; AD 2018–26–01] RIN 2120–AA64 Airworthiness Directives; CFM International S.A. Turbofan Engines Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule; request for comments. AGENCY: We are superseding Airworthiness Directive (AD) 2018–18– 01 for all CFM International S.A. (CFM) Model CFM56–7B turbofan engines. AD 2018–18–01 required initial and repetitive inspections of certain fan blades and, if they fail the inspection, their replacement with parts eligible for installation. This AD requires the same initial and repetitive inspections but revises the compliance time for the initial inspections and revises the installation prohibition based on the updated compliance time. This AD was prompted by further analysis by the manufacturer that indicated a need to reduce the initial fan blade inspection interval based on an ongoing root cause investigation of an April 2018 engine failure. We are issuing this AD to address the unsafe condition on these products. DATES: This AD is effective January 10, 2019. The Director of the Federal Register approved the incorporation by reference of a certain publication listed in this AD as of January 10, 2019. The Director of the Federal Register approved the incorporation by reference of certain other publications listed in this AD as of May 14, 2018 (83 FR 19176, May 2, 2018). We must receive any comments on this AD by February 11, 2019. ADDRESSES: You may send comments, using the procedures found in 14 CFR 11.43 and 11.45, by any of the following methods: • Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the instructions for submitting comments. amozie on DSK3GDR082PROD with RULES SUMMARY: VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:56 Dec 21, 2018 Jkt 247001 • Fax: 202–493–2251. • Mail: U.S. Department of Transportation, Docket Operations, M– 30, West Building Ground Floor, Room W12–140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC, 20590. • Hand Delivery: U.S. Department of Transportation, Docket Operations, M– 30, West Building Ground Floor, Room W12–140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC, 20590, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. For service information identified in this final rule, contact CFM International Inc., Aviation Operations Center, 1 Neumann Way, M/D Room 285, Cincinnati, OH, 45125; phone: 877–432–3272; fax: 877–432–3329; email: aviation.fleetsupport@ge.com. You may view this service information at the FAA, Engine and Propeller Standards Branch, 1200 District Avenue, Burlington, MA, 01803. For information on the availability of this material at the FAA, call 781–238–7759. It is also available on the internet at https://www.regulations.gov by searching for and locating Docket No. FAA–2018– 1039. Examining the AD Docket You may examine the AD docket on the internet at https:// www.regulations.gov by searching for and locating Docket No. FAA–2018– 1039; or in person at Docket Operations between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. The AD docket contains this final rule, the regulatory evaluation, any comments received, and other information. The street address for Docket Operations (phone: 800–647– 5527) is listed above. Comments will be available in the AD docket shortly after receipt. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Christopher McGuire, Aerospace Engineer, ECO Branch, FAA, 1200 District Avenue, Burlington, MA, 01803; phone: 781–238–7120; fax: 781–238– 7199; email: chris.mcguire@faa.gov. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Discussion We issued AD 2018–18–01, Amendment 39–19380 (83 FR 49272, October 1, 2018), (''AD 2018–18–01''), for all CFM model CFM56–7B turbofan engines. AD 2018–18–01 required initial and repetitive ultrasonic inspections (USI) or eddy current inspection (ECI) of certain fan blades and, if they fail the inspection, their replacement with parts eligible for installation. AD 2018–18–01 resulted from analysis by the manufacturer that indicated a need to PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 reduce the repetitive fan blade inspection interval based on ongoing root cause investigation of an April 2018 engine failure. The April 2018 engine failure was the result of a fractured fan blade leading to the engine inlet cowl disintegrating and debris penetrating the fuselage, causing a loss of pressurization and prompting an emergency descent. One passenger fatality occurred as a result. We issued AD 2018–18–01 to reduce the repetitive inspection interval from 3,000 cycles to 1,600 cycles. Actions Since AD 2018–18–01 Was Issued Since we issued AD 2018–18–01, CFM gained a better understanding of the fan blade failures based on the inspections and further analysis of the detected cracks and the April 2018 event. As a result, CFM has published CFM International Service Bulletin (SB) CFM56–7B S/B 72–1033, Revision 3, dated November 6, 2018, to reduce the initial inspection requirement from 20,000 cycles since new (CSN) to 17,000 CSN. We are issuing this AD to address the unsafe condition on these products. Related Service Information Under 1 CFR Part 51 We reviewed CFM International SB CFM56–7B S/B 72–1033, Revision 3, dated November 6, 2018, and Subtask 72–21–01–220–091, of Task 72–21–01– 200–001, from the CFM56–7B Engine Shop Manual (ESM), Revision 57, dated January 15, 2018. CFM International SB CFM56–7B S/B 72–1033, Revision 3, describes procedures for performing a USI of the affected fan blades. Subtask 72–21–01–220–091, of Task 72–21–01– 200–001, from the CFM56–7B ESM, describes procedures for performing an ECI of the affected fan blades. This service information is reasonably available because the interested parties have access to it through their normal course of business or by the means identified in the ADDRESSES section. Other Related Service Information We also reviewed CFM SB CFM56–7B S/B 72–1019, dated March 24, 2017; CFM SB CFM56–7B S/B 72–1019, Revision 1, dated June 13, 2017; CFM SB CFM56–7B S/B 72–1024, dated July 26, 2017; CFM International SB CFM56– 7B S/B 72–1033, Revision 2, dated July 27, 2018; CFM SB CFM56–7B S/B 72– 1033, Revision 1, dated May 9, 2018; CFM SB CFM56–7B S/B 72–1033, dated April 20, 2018; and General Electric Field Support Technology (FST) Procedure 2370, dated December 9, 2016. These SBs and the FST provide information on performing the USI. E:\FR\FM\26DER1.SGM 26DER1 Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 246 / Wednesday, December 26, 2018 / Rules and Regulations FAA's Determination We are issuing this AD because we evaluated all the relevant information and determined the unsafe condition described previously is likely to exist or develop in other products of the same type design. AD Requirements This AD requires initial and repetitive USI or ECI of certain fan blades and, if they fail the inspection, their replacement with parts eligible for installation. Interim Action We consider this AD interim action. An investigation to determine the cause of the failure is ongoing, and we may consider additional rulemaking if final action is identified. FAA's Justification and Determination of the Effective Date An unsafe condition exists that requires the immediate adoption of this AD without providing an opportunity for public comments prior to adoption. 66091 The FAA has found that the risk to the flying public justifies waiving notice and comment prior to adoption of this rule. Due to the reduction in the initial inspection interval, some fan blades have reached or exceeded the revised initial inspection threshold and will require inspection within 1,000 cycles after the effective date of this AD. Because of this, the compliance time for the required action is shorter than the time necessary for the public to comment and for the FAA to issue the final rule to ensure the unsafe condition is addressed. Therefore, we find good cause that notice and opportunity for prior public comment are impracticable. In addition, for the reasons stated above, we find that good cause exists for making this amendment effective in less than 30 days. However, we invite you to send any written data, views, or arguments about this final rule. Send your comments to an address listed under the ADDRESSES section. Include the docket number FAA–2018–1039 and product identifier 2018–NE–14–AD at the beginning of your comments. We specifically invite comments on the overall regulatory, economic, environmental, and energy aspects of this final rule. We will consider all comments received by the closing date and may amend this final rule because of those comments. We will post all comments we receive, without change, to https:// www.regulations.gov, including any personal information you provide. We will also post a report summarizing each substantive verbal contact we receive about this final rule. Comments Invited Costs of Compliance This AD is a final rule that involves requirements affecting flight safety, and we did not provide you with notice and an opportunity to provide your comments before it becomes effective. We estimate that this AD affects 3,716 engines installed on 1,858 airplanes of U.S. registry. We estimate the following costs to comply with this AD: ESTIMATED INSPECTION COSTS Action Labor cost Inspect engine fan blade ................................ 2 work-hours × $85 per hour = $170 ............. We estimate the following costs to complete any necessary replacement of a single fan blade that would be Cost per product Parts cost required based on the results of the inspection. We have no way of $0 $170 Cost on U.S. operators $631,720 determining the number of engines that might need fan blades to be replaced. amozie on DSK3GDR082PROD with RULES ON-CONDITION COSTS Action Labor cost Replace fan blade ........................................................ 1 work-hour × $85 per hour = $85 ............................... Authority for This Rulemaking Title 49 of the United States Code specifies the FAA's authority to issue rules on aviation safety. Subtitle I, Section 106, describes the authority of the FAA Administrator. Subtitle VII, Aviation Programs, describes in more detail the scope of the Agency's authority. We are issuing this rulemaking under the authority described in Subtitle VII, Part A, Subpart III, Section 44701, ''General requirements.'' Under that section, Congress charges the FAA with promoting safe flight of civil aircraft in air commerce by prescribing regulations for practices, methods, and procedures the Administrator finds necessary for safety in air commerce. This regulation is within the scope of that authority VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:56 Dec 21, 2018 Jkt 247001 because it addresses an unsafe condition that is likely to exist or develop on products identified in this rulemaking action. This AD is issued in accordance with authority delegated by the Executive Director, Aircraft Certification Service, as authorized by FAA Order 8000.51C. In accordance with that order, issuance of ADs is normally a function of the Compliance and Airworthiness Division, but during this transition period, the Executive Director has delegated the authority to issue ADs applicable to engines, propellers, and associated appliances to the Manager, Engine and Propeller Standards Branch, Policy and Innovation Division. PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 Parts cost $51,400 Cost per product $51,485 Regulatory Findings This AD will not have federalism implications under Executive Order 13132. This AD will not have a substantial direct effect on the States, on the relationship between the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government. For the reasons discussed above, I certify that this AD: (1) Is not a ''significant regulatory action'' under Executive Order 12866, (2) Is not a ''significant rule'' under DOT Regulatory Policies and Procedures (44 FR 11034, February 26, 1979), (3) Will not affect intrastate aviation in Alaska, and E:\FR\FM\26DER1.SGM 26DER1 66092 Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 246 / Wednesday, December 26, 2018 / Rules and Regulations (4) Will not have a significant economic impact, positive or negative, on a substantial number of small entities under the criteria of the Regulatory Flexibility Act. List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 39 Air transportation, Aircraft, Aviation safety, Incorporation by reference, Safety. Adoption of the Amendment Accordingly, under the authority delegated to me by the Administrator, the FAA amends part 39 of the Federal Aviation Regulations (14 CFR part 39) as follows: PART 39—AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES 1. The authority citation for part 39 continues to read as follows: Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701. [Amended] 2. The FAA amends § 39.13 by removing Airworthiness Directive (AD) 2018–18–01, Amendment 39–19380 (83 FR 49272, October 1, 2018) and adding the following new AD: ■ 2018–26–01 CFM International S.A.: Amendment 39–19531; Docket No. FAA–2018–1039; Product Identifier 2018–NE–14–AD. (a) Effective Date This AD is effective January 10, 2019. amozie on DSK3GDR082PROD with RULES (b) Affected ADs This AD replaces AD 2018–18–01, Amendment 39–19380 (83 FR 49272, October 1, 2018). (c) Applicability This AD applies to CFM International S.A.(CFM) CFM56–7B20, CFM56–7B22, CFM56–7B22/B1, CFM56–7B24, CFM56– 7B24/B1, CFM56–7B26, CFM56–7B26/B2, CFM56–7B27, CFM56–7B27A, CFM56–7B26/ B1, CFM56–7B27/B1, CFM56–7B27/B3, CFM56–7B20/2, CFM56–7B22/2, CFM56– 7B24/2, CFM56–7B26/2, CFM56–7B27/2, CFM56–7B20/3, CFM56–7B22/3, CFM56– 7B22/3B1, CFM56–7B24/3, CFM56–7B24/ 3B1, CFM56–7B26/3, CFM56–7B26/3B1, CFM56–7B26/3B2, CFM56–7B27/3, CFM56– 7B27/3B1, CFM56–7B27/3B3, CFM56– 7B27A/3, CFM56–7B26/3F, CFM56–7B26/ 3B2F, CFM56–7B27/3F, CFM56–7B27/3B1F, CFM56–7B20E, CFM56–7B22E, CFM56– 7B22E/B1, CFM56–7B24E, CFM56–7B24E/ B1, CFM56–7B26E, CFM56–7B26E/B1, CFM56–7B26E/B2, CFM56–7B27AE, CFM56–7B27E, CFM56–7B27E/B1, CFM56– 7B27E/B3, CFM56–7B26E/F, CFM56–7B26E/ B2F, CFM56–7B27E/F, and CFM56–7B27E/ B1F turbofan engine models. (d) Subject Joint Aircraft System Component (JASC) Code 7230, Turbine Engine Compressor Section. VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:56 Dec 21, 2018 Jkt 247001 This AD was prompted by further analysis by the manufacturer that indicated a need to reduce the initial fan blade inspection requirement based on its ongoing root cause investigation of an April 2018 engine failure that resulted in one fatality. We are issuing this AD to prevent failure of the fan blade. The unsafe condition, if not addressed, could result in failure of the fan blade, the engine inlet cowl disintegrating and debris penetrating the fuselage, causing a loss of pressurization, and prompting an emergency descent. (f) Compliance Comply with this AD within the compliance times specified, unless already done. (g) Required Actions ■ § 39.13 (e) Unsafe Condition (1) Perform an ultrasonic inspection (USI) or eddy current inspection (ECI) of the concave and convex sides of the fan blade dovetail as follows: (i) For a fan blade with less than or equal to 16,000 cycles since new (CSN), inspect prior to accumulating 17,000 CSN. (ii) For a fan blade with more than 16,000 and less than 20,000 CSN, inspect within 1,000 cycles but no later than 20,000 CSN. (iii) For a fan blade with 20,000 or more CSN, inspect before further flight. (iv) Thereafter, repeat this inspection no later than 1,600 cycles since the last inspection, or within 450 cycles after October 16, 2018, the effective date of AD 2018–18– 01, whichever occurs later. (v) Use the Accomplishment Instructions, paragraphs 3.A.(3)(a) through (i), of CFM International Service Bulletin (SB) CFM56– 7B S/B 72–1033, Revision 3, dated November 6, 2018, to perform a USI or use the instructions in subtask 72–21–01–220–091, of task 72–21–01–200–001, from CFM CFM56–7B Engine Shop Manual, Revision 57, dated January 15, 2018, to perform an ECI. (2) If any unserviceable indication, as specified in the applicable service information in paragraph (g)(1)(v) of this AD, is found during the inspections required by paragraph (g) of this AD, replace the fan blade before further flight with a part eligible for installation. (h) Installation Prohibition Do not install any replacement fan blade unless it meets one of the following criteria: (1) The replacement fan blade has fewer than 17,000 CSN, or; (2) The replacement fan blade has been inspected, per paragraph (g)(1) of this AD, within the last 1,600 cycles before installation. (i) Definition For the purpose of this AD, a ''replacement fan blade'' is a fan blade that is being installed into an engine from which it was not previously removed. Removing and reinstalling a fan blade for the purpose of relubrication is not subject to the Installation Prohibition of this AD. PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 (j) Credit for Previous Actions You may take credit for the actions that are required by paragraph (g) of this AD, if you performed those actions before the effective date of this AD using CFM SB CFM56–7B S/ B 72–1019, dated March 24, 2017; CFM SB CFM56–7B S/B 72–1019, Revision 1, dated June 13, 2017; CFM SB CFM56–7B S/B 72– 1024, dated July 26, 2017; CFM SB CFM56– 7B S/B 72–1033 dated April 20, 2018; CFM SB CFM56–7B S/B 72–1033, Revision 1, dated May 9, 2018; or CFM International SB CFM56–7B S/B 72–1033, Revision 2, dated July 27, 2018; or performed an ECI using the instructions in task 72–21–01–200–001, subtask 72–21–01–220–091 of CFM56–7B Engine Shop Manual, earlier than Revision 57, dated January 15, 2018. (k) Alternative Methods of Compliance (AMOCs) (1) The Manager, ECO Branch, FAA, has the authority to approve AMOCs for this AD, if requested using the procedures found in 14 CFR 39.19. In accordance with 14 CFR 39.19, send your request to your principal inspector or local Flight Standards District Office, as appropriate. If sending information directly to the manager of the certification office, send it to the attention of the person identified in paragraph (l) of this AD. You may email your request to: ANE-AD-AMOC@ faa.gov. (2) Before using any approved AMOC, notify your appropriate principal inspector, or lacking a principal inspector, the manager of the local flight standards district office/ certificate holding district office. (3) For service information that contains steps that are labeled as Required for Compliance (RC), the provisions of paragraphs (k)(3)(i) and (k)(3)(ii) of this AD apply. (i) The steps labeled as RC, including substeps under an RC step and any figures identified in an RC step, must be done to comply with the AD. An AMOC is required for any deviations to RC steps, including substeps and identified figures. (ii) Steps not labeled as RC may be deviated from using accepted methods in accordance with the operator's maintenance or inspection program without obtaining approval of an AMOC, provided the RC steps, including substeps and identified figures, can still be done as specified, and the airplane can be put back in an airworthy condition. (4) AMOCs approved previously for AD 2018–10–11 (83 FR 22836, May 17, 2018) and AD 2018–18–01 (83 FR 49272, October 1, 2018) are approved as AMOCs for the corresponding provisions of this AD. (l) Related Information For more information about this AD, contact Christopher McGuire, Aerospace Engineer, ECO Branch, FAA, 1200 District Avenue, Burlington, MA 01803; phone: 781– 238–7120; fax: 781–238–7199; email: chris.mcguire@faa.gov. (m) Material Incorporated by Reference (1) The Director of the Federal Register approved the incorporation by reference (IBR) of the service information listed in this paragraph under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. E:\FR\FM\26DER1.SGM 26DER1 Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 246 / Wednesday, December 26, 2018 / Rules and Regulations (2) You must use this service information as applicable to do the actions required by this AD, unless the AD specifies otherwise. (3) The following service information was approved for IBR on January 10, 2019. (i) CFM International (CFM) Service Bulletin CFM56–7B S/B 72–1033, Revision 3, dated November 6, 2018. (ii) [Reserved] (4) The following service information was approved for IBR on May 14, 2018 (83 FR 19176, May 2, 2018). (i) Subtask 72–21–01–220–091, of Task 72– 21–01–200–001, from the CFM CFM56–7B Engine Shop Manual, Revision 57, dated January 15, 2018. (ii) [Reserved] (5) For CFM service information identified in this AD, contact CFM International Inc., Aviation Operations Center, 1 Neumann Way, M/D Room 285, Cincinnati, OH 45125; phone: 877–432–3272; fax: 877–432–3329; email: aviation.fleetsupport@ge.com. (6) You may view this service information at the FAA, Engine and Propeller Standards Branch, 1200 District Avenue, Burlington, MA 01803. For information on the availability of this material at the FAA, call 781–238–7759. (7) You may view this service information that is incorporated by reference at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202–741–6030, or go to: https:// www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibrlocations.html. Issued in Burlington, Massachusetts, on December 18, 2018. Robert J. Ganley, Manager, Engine & Propeller Standards Branch, Aircraft Certification Service. [FR Doc. 2018–27920 Filed 12–21–18; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4910–13–P DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Aviation Administration 14 CFR Part 39 [Docket No. FAA–2018–0669; Product Identifier 2017–SW–041–AD; Amendment 39–19532; AD 2018–26–02] RIN 2120–AA64 Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Helicopters (Previously Eurocopter France) Helicopters Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. AGENCY: We are superseding Airworthiness Directive (AD) 2016–25– 19 for Airbus Helicopters (previously Eurocopter France) Model AS350B3 and EC130B4 helicopters. AD 2016–25–19 required inspecting the pilot's and copilot's throttle twist for proper operation. This new AD retains the amozie on DSK3GDR082PROD with RULES SUMMARY: VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:56 Dec 21, 2018 Jkt 247001 requirements of AD 2016–25–19 and adds certain model helicopters to the applicability. The actions of this AD are intended to address an unsafe condition on these products. DATES: This AD is effective January 30, 2019. The Director of the Federal Register approved the incorporation by reference of certain publications listed in this AD as of January 30, 2019. The Director of the Federal Register approved the incorporation by reference of certain other publications listed in this AD as of February 2, 2017 (81 FR 95854, December 29, 2016). ADDRESSES: For service information identified in this final rule, contact Airbus Helicopters, 2701 N. Forum Drive, Grand Prairie, TX 75052; telephone (972) 641–0000 or (800) 232– 0323; fax (972) 641–3775; or at https:// www.helicopters.airbus.com/website/ en/ref/Technical-Support_73.html. You may the review service information at the FAA, Office of the Regional Counsel, Southwest Region, 10101 Hillwood Pkwy., Room 6N–321, Fort Worth, TX 76177. It is also available on the internet at https://www.regulations.gov by searching for and locating Docket No. FAA–2018–0669. Examining the AD Docket You may examine the AD docket on the internet at https:// www.regulations.gov in Docket No. FAA–2018–0669; or in person at Docket Operations between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. The AD docket contains this AD, the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) AD, any incorporatedby-reference service information, the economic evaluation, any comments received, and other information. The address for Docket Operations (phone: 800–647–5527) is Docket Operations, U.S. Department of Transportation, Docket Operations, M–30, West Building Ground Floor, Room W12–140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20590. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: George Schwab, Aviation Safety Engineer, Safety Management Section, Rotorcraft Standards Branch, FAA, 10101 Hillwood Pkwy., Fort Worth, TX 76177; telephone (817) 222–5110; email george.schwab@faa.gov. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Discussion We issued a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to amend 14 CFR part 39 to remove AD 2016–25–19, Amendment 39–18745 (81 FR 95854, December 29, 2016) (AD 2016–25–19) PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 66093 and add a new AD. AD 2016–25–19 applied to Airbus Helicopters Model AS350B3 and EC130B4 helicopters with an ARRIEL 2B1 engine with the twochannel Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC) and with new twist grip modification (MOD) 073254 (for the Model AS350B3 helicopter) or MOD 073773 (for the Model EC130B4 helicopter). AD 2016–25–19 required repetitively inspecting the wiring, performing an insulation test, inspecting the pilot and copilot throttle twist grip controls, and testing the pilot and copilot throttle twist grip controls for proper functioning. The actions required in AD 2016–25–19 were intended to prevent unintended touchdown to the ground at a flight-idle power setting during a practice autorotation, damage to the helicopter, and injury to occupants. The NPRM published in the Federal Register on August 8, 2018 (83 FR 39007). The NPRM proposed to retain the requirements of AD 2016–25–19 and expand the applicability by adding Model AS350B3 helicopters with an ARRIEL 2D engine installed and Model EC130T2 helicopters with an ARRIEL 2D engine installed. The NPRM was prompted by AD No. 2017–0059, dated April 6, 2017 (EASA AD 2017–0059), issued by EASA, which is the Technical Agent for the Member States of the European Union, for Airbus Helicopters Model AS 350 B3, EC 130 B4, and EC 130 T2 helicopters. EASA advises that Airbus Helicopters added clarifications to the operational procedure, introduced a modification to apply water-tight protection to the microswitch connectors, and extended the applicability to helicopters with a Turbomeca ARRIEL 2D engine installed. Accordingly, EASA AD 2017–0059 retains the required actions and corrects the applicability of the previous EASA AD. Comments We gave the public the opportunity to participate in developing this AD, but we did not receive any comments on the NPRM. FAA's Determination These helicopters have been approved by the aviation authority of France and are approved for operation in the United States. Pursuant to our bilateral agreement with France, EASA, its technical representative, has notified us of the unsafe condition described in its AD. We have reviewed the relevant information and determined that an unsafe condition exists and is likely to exist or develop on other helicopters of these same type designs and that air E:\FR\FM\26DER1.SGM 26DER1
[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 246 (Wednesday, December 26, 2018)]
[Rules and Regulations]
14 CFR Part 39
[Docket No. FAA-2018-1039; Product Identifier 2018-NE-14-AD; Amendment
39-19531; AD 2018-26-01]
RIN 2120-AA64
Airworthiness Directives; CFM International S.A. Turbofan Engines
AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Final rule; request for comments.
SUMMARY: We are superseding Airworthiness Directive (AD) 2018-18-01 for
all CFM International S.A. (CFM) Model CFM56-7B turbofan engines. AD
2018-18-01 required initial and repetitive inspections of certain fan
blades and, if they fail the inspection, their replacement with parts
eligible for installation. This AD requires the same initial and
repetitive inspections but revises the compliance time for the initial
inspections and revises the installation prohibition based on the
updated compliance time. This AD was prompted by further analysis by
the manufacturer that indicated a need to reduce the initial fan blade
inspection interval based on an ongoing root cause investigation of an
April 2018 engine failure. We are issuing this AD to address the unsafe
condition on these products.
DATES: This AD is effective January 10, 2019.
The Director of the Federal Register approved the incorporation by
reference of a certain publication listed in this AD as of January 10,
reference of certain other publications listed in this AD as of May 14,
2018 (83 FR 19176, May 2, 2018).
We must receive any comments on this AD by February 11, 2019.
ADDRESSES: You may send comments, using the procedures found in 14 CFR
11.43 and 11.45, by any of the following methods:
Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the instructions for submitting comments.
Fax: 202-493-2251.
Mail: U.S. Department of Transportation, Docket
Operations, M-30, West Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140, 1200 New
Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC, 20590.
Hand Delivery: U.S. Department of Transportation, Docket
Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC, 20590, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m.,
Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.
For service information identified in this final rule, contact CFM
International Inc., Aviation Operations Center, 1 Neumann Way, M/D Room
285, Cincinnati, OH, 45125; phone: 877-432-3272; fax: 877-432-3329;
email: aviation.fleetsupport@ge.com. You may view this service
information at the FAA, Engine and Propeller Standards Branch, 1200
District Avenue, Burlington, MA, 01803. For information on the
availability of this material at the FAA, call 781-238-7759. It is also
available on the internet at https://www.regulations.gov by searching
for and locating Docket No. FAA-2018-1039.
Examining the AD Docket
You may examine the AD docket on the internet at https://www.regulations.gov by searching for and locating Docket No. FAA-2018-
1039; or in person at Docket Operations between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m.,
Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. The AD docket contains
this final rule, the regulatory evaluation, any comments received, and
other information. The street address for Docket Operations (phone:
800-647-5527) is listed above. Comments will be available in the AD
docket shortly after receipt.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Christopher McGuire, Aerospace
Engineer, ECO Branch, FAA, 1200 District Avenue, Burlington, MA, 01803;
phone: 781-238-7120; fax: 781-238-7199; email: chris.mcguire@faa.gov.
We issued AD 2018-18-01, Amendment 39-19380 (83 FR 49272, October
1, 2018), (``AD 2018-18-01''), for all CFM model CFM56-7B turbofan
engines. AD 2018-18-01 required initial and repetitive ultrasonic
inspections (USI) or eddy current inspection (ECI) of certain fan
eligible for installation. AD 2018-18-01 resulted from analysis by the
manufacturer that indicated a need to reduce the repetitive fan blade
inspection interval based on ongoing root cause investigation of an
April 2018 engine failure. The April 2018 engine failure was the result
of a fractured fan blade leading to the engine inlet cowl
disintegrating and debris penetrating the fuselage, causing a loss of
pressurization and prompting an emergency descent. One passenger
fatality occurred as a result. We issued AD 2018-18-01 to reduce the
repetitive inspection interval from 3,000 cycles to 1,600 cycles.
Actions Since AD 2018-18-01 Was Issued
Since we issued AD 2018-18-01, CFM gained a better understanding of
the fan blade failures based on the inspections and further analysis of
the detected cracks and the April 2018 event. As a result, CFM has
published CFM International Service Bulletin (SB) CFM56-7B S/B 72-1033,
Revision 3, dated November 6, 2018, to reduce the initial inspection
requirement from 20,000 cycles since new (CSN) to 17,000 CSN. We are
issuing this AD to address the unsafe condition on these products.
Related Service Information Under 1 CFR Part 51
We reviewed CFM International SB CFM56-7B S/B 72-1033, Revision 3,
dated November 6, 2018, and Subtask 72-21-01-220-091, of Task 72-21-01-
200-001, from the CFM56-7B Engine Shop Manual (ESM), Revision 57, dated
January 15, 2018. CFM International SB CFM56-7B S/B 72-1033, Revision
3, describes procedures for performing a USI of the affected fan
blades. Subtask 72-21-01-220-091, of Task 72-21-01-200-001, from the
CFM56-7B ESM, describes procedures for performing an ECI of the
affected fan blades. This service information is reasonably available
because the interested parties have access to it through their normal
course of business or by the means identified in the ADDRESSES section.
Other Related Service Information
We also reviewed CFM SB CFM56-7B S/B 72-1019, dated March 24, 2017;
CFM SB CFM56-7B S/B 72-1019, Revision 1, dated June 13, 2017; CFM SB
CFM56-7B S/B 72-1024, dated July 26, 2017; CFM International SB CFM56-
7B S/B 72-1033, Revision 2, dated July 27, 2018; CFM SB CFM56-7B S/B
72-1033, Revision 1, dated May 9, 2018; CFM SB CFM56-7B S/B 72-1033,
dated April 20, 2018; and General Electric Field Support Technology
(FST) Procedure 2370, dated December 9, 2016. These SBs and the FST
provide information on performing the USI.
FAA's Determination
We are issuing this AD because we evaluated all the relevant
information and determined the unsafe condition described previously is
likely to exist or develop in other products of the same type design.
AD Requirements
This AD requires initial and repetitive USI or ECI of certain fan
eligible for installation.
Interim Action
We consider this AD interim action. An investigation to determine
the cause of the failure is ongoing, and we may consider additional
rulemaking if final action is identified.
FAA's Justification and Determination of the Effective Date
An unsafe condition exists that requires the immediate adoption of
this AD without providing an opportunity for public comments prior to
adoption. The FAA has found that the risk to the flying public
justifies waiving notice and comment prior to adoption of this rule.
Due to the reduction in the initial inspection interval, some fan
blades have reached or exceeded the revised initial inspection
threshold and will require inspection within 1,000 cycles after the
effective date of this AD. Because of this, the compliance time for the
required action is shorter than the time necessary for the public to
comment and for the FAA to issue the final rule to ensure the unsafe
condition is addressed. Therefore, we find good cause that notice and
opportunity for prior public comment are impracticable. In addition,
for the reasons stated above, we find that good cause exists for making
this amendment effective in less than 30 days.
Comments Invited
This AD is a final rule that involves requirements affecting flight
safety, and we did not provide you with notice and an opportunity to
provide your comments before it becomes effective. However, we invite
you to send any written data, views, or arguments about this final
rule. Send your comments to an address listed under the ADDRESSES
section. Include the docket number FAA-2018-1039 and product identifier
2018-NE-14-AD at the beginning of your comments. We specifically invite
comments on the overall regulatory, economic, environmental, and energy
aspects of this final rule. We will consider all comments received by
the closing date and may amend this final rule because of those
We will post all comments we receive, without change, to https://www.regulations.gov, including any personal information you provide. We
will also post a report summarizing each substantive verbal contact we
receive about this final rule.
Costs of Compliance
We estimate that this AD affects 3,716 engines installed on 1,858
airplanes of U.S. registry.
We estimate the following costs to comply with this AD:
Estimated Inspection Costs
Cost per      Cost on U.S.
Action                         Labor cost           Parts cost        product        operators
Inspect engine fan blade..............  2 work-hours x $85 per                $0            $170        $631,720
hour = $170.
We estimate the following costs to complete any necessary
replacement of a single fan blade that would be required based on the
results of the inspection. We have no way of determining the number of
engines that might need fan blades to be replaced.
On-Condition Costs
Cost per
Action                                 Labor cost               Parts cost        product
Replace fan blade.............................  1 work-hour x $85 per hour = $85         $51,400         $51,485
Authority for This Rulemaking
Title 49 of the United States Code specifies the FAA's authority to
issue rules on aviation safety. Subtitle I, Section 106, describes the
authority of the FAA Administrator. Subtitle VII, Aviation Programs,
describes in more detail the scope of the Agency's authority.
We are issuing this rulemaking under the authority described in
Subtitle VII, Part A, Subpart III, Section 44701, ``General
requirements.'' Under that section, Congress charges the FAA with
promoting safe flight of civil aircraft in air commerce by prescribing
regulations for practices, methods, and procedures the Administrator
finds necessary for safety in air commerce. This regulation is within
the scope of that authority because it addresses an unsafe condition
that is likely to exist or develop on products identified in this
rulemaking action.
This AD is issued in accordance with authority delegated by the
Executive Director, Aircraft Certification Service, as authorized by
FAA Order 8000.51C. In accordance with that order, issuance of ADs is
normally a function of the Compliance and Airworthiness Division, but
during this transition period, the Executive Director has delegated the
authority to issue ADs applicable to engines, propellers, and
associated appliances to the Manager, Engine and Propeller Standards
Branch, Policy and Innovation Division.
Regulatory Findings
This AD will not have federalism implications under Executive Order
13132. This AD will not have a substantial direct effect on the States,
on the relationship between the national government and the States, or
on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various
levels of government.
For the reasons discussed above, I certify that this AD:
(1) Is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under Executive
Order 12866,
(2) Is not a ``significant rule'' under DOT Regulatory Policies and
Procedures (44 FR 11034, February 26, 1979),
(3) Will not affect intrastate aviation in Alaska, and
(4) Will not have a significant economic impact, positive or
negative, on a substantial number of small entities under the criteria
of the Regulatory Flexibility Act.
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 39
Air transportation, Aircraft, Aviation safety, Incorporation by
reference, Safety.
Adoption of the Amendment
Accordingly, under the authority delegated to me by the
Administrator, the FAA amends part 39 of the Federal Aviation
Regulations (14 CFR part 39) as follows:
PART 39--AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES
1. The authority citation for part 39 continues to read as follows:
Authority:  49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701.
Sec.  39.13  [Amended]
2. The FAA amends Sec.  39.13 by removing Airworthiness Directive (AD)
2018-18-01, Amendment 39-19380 (83 FR 49272, October 1, 2018) and
adding the following new AD:
2018-26-01 CFM International S.A.: Amendment 39-19531; Docket No.
FAA-2018-1039; Product Identifier 2018-NE-14-AD.
(a) Effective Date
This AD is effective January 10, 2019.
(b) Affected ADs
This AD replaces AD 2018-18-01, Amendment 39-19380 (83 FR 49272,
October 1, 2018).
(c) Applicability
This AD applies to CFM International S.A.(CFM) CFM56-7B20,
CFM56-7B22, CFM56-7B22/B1, CFM56-7B24, CFM56-7B24/B1, CFM56-7B26,
CFM56-7B26/B2, CFM56-7B27, CFM56-7B27A, CFM56-7B26/B1, CFM56-7B27/
B1, CFM56-7B27/B3, CFM56-7B20/2, CFM56-7B22/2, CFM56-7B24/2, CFM56-
7B26/2, CFM56-7B27/2, CFM56-7B20/3, CFM56-7B22/3, CFM56-7B22/3B1,
CFM56-7B24/3, CFM56-7B24/3B1, CFM56-7B26/3, CFM56-7B26/3B1, CFM56-
7B26/3B2, CFM56-7B27/3, CFM56-7B27/3B1, CFM56-7B27/3B3, CFM56-7B27A/
3, CFM56-7B26/3F, CFM56-7B26/3B2F, CFM56-7B27/3F, CFM56-7B27/3B1F,
CFM56-7B20E, CFM56-7B22E, CFM56-7B22E/B1, CFM56-7B24E, CFM56-7B24E/
B1, CFM56-7B26E, CFM56-7B26E/B1, CFM56-7B26E/B2, CFM56-7B27AE,
CFM56-7B27E, CFM56-7B27E/B1, CFM56-7B27E/B3, CFM56-7B26E/F, CFM56-
7B26E/B2F, CFM56-7B27E/F, and CFM56-7B27E/B1F turbofan engine
models.
(d) Subject
Joint Aircraft System Component (JASC) Code 7230, Turbine Engine
Compressor Section.
(e) Unsafe Condition
This AD was prompted by further analysis by the manufacturer
that indicated a need to reduce the initial fan blade inspection
requirement based on its ongoing root cause investigation of an
April 2018 engine failure that resulted in one fatality. We are
issuing this AD to prevent failure of the fan blade. The unsafe
condition, if not addressed, could result in failure of the fan
blade, the engine inlet cowl disintegrating and debris penetrating
the fuselage, causing a loss of pressurization, and prompting an
emergency descent.
(f) Compliance
Comply with this AD within the compliance times specified,
unless already done.
(g) Required Actions
(1) Perform an ultrasonic inspection (USI) or eddy current
inspection (ECI) of the concave and convex sides of the fan blade
dovetail as follows:
(i) For a fan blade with less than or equal to 16,000 cycles
since new (CSN), inspect prior to accumulating 17,000 CSN.
(ii) For a fan blade with more than 16,000 and less than 20,000
CSN, inspect within 1,000 cycles but no later than 20,000 CSN.
(iii) For a fan blade with 20,000 or more CSN, inspect before
further flight.
(iv) Thereafter, repeat this inspection no later than 1,600
cycles since the last inspection, or within 450 cycles after October
16, 2018, the effective date of AD 2018-18-01, whichever occurs
later.
(v) Use the Accomplishment Instructions, paragraphs 3.A.(3)(a)
through (i), of CFM International Service Bulletin (SB) CFM56-7B S/B
72-1033, Revision 3, dated November 6, 2018, to perform a USI or use
the instructions in subtask 72-21-01-220-091, of task 72-21-01-200-
001, from CFM CFM56-7B Engine Shop Manual, Revision 57, dated
January 15, 2018, to perform an ECI.
(2) If any unserviceable indication, as specified in the
applicable service information in paragraph (g)(1)(v) of this AD, is
found during the inspections required by paragraph (g) of this AD,
replace the fan blade before further flight with a part eligible for
installation.
(h) Installation Prohibition
Do not install any replacement fan blade unless it meets one of
the following criteria:
(1) The replacement fan blade has fewer than 17,000 CSN, or;
(2) The replacement fan blade has been inspected, per paragraph
(g)(1) of this AD, within the last 1,600 cycles before installation.
(i) Definition
For the purpose of this AD, a ``replacement fan blade'' is a fan
blade that is being installed into an engine from which it was not
previously removed. Removing and reinstalling a fan blade for the
purpose of relubrication is not subject to the Installation
Prohibition of this AD.
(j) Credit for Previous Actions
You may take credit for the actions that are required by
paragraph (g) of this AD, if you performed those actions before the
effective date of this AD using CFM SB CFM56-7B S/B 72-1019, dated
March 24, 2017; CFM SB CFM56-7B S/B 72-1019, Revision 1, dated June
13, 2017; CFM SB CFM56-7B S/B 72-1024, dated July 26, 2017; CFM SB
CFM56-7B S/B 72-1033 dated April 20, 2018; CFM SB CFM56-7B S/B 72-
1033, Revision 1, dated May 9, 2018; or CFM International SB CFM56-
7B S/B 72-1033, Revision 2, dated July 27, 2018; or performed an ECI
using the instructions in task 72-21-01-200-001, subtask 72-21-01-
220-091 of CFM56-7B Engine Shop Manual, earlier than Revision 57,
dated January 15, 2018.
(k) Alternative Methods of Compliance (AMOCs)
(1) The Manager, ECO Branch, FAA, has the authority to approve
AMOCs for this AD, if requested using the procedures found in 14 CFR
39.19. In accordance with 14 CFR 39.19, send your request to your
principal inspector or local Flight Standards District Office, as
appropriate. If sending information directly to the manager of the
certification office, send it to the attention of the person
identified in paragraph (l) of this AD. You may email your request
to: ANE-AD-AMOC@faa.gov.
(2) Before using any approved AMOC, notify your appropriate
principal inspector, or lacking a principal inspector, the manager
of the local flight standards district office/certificate holding
district office.
(3) For service information that contains steps that are labeled
as Required for Compliance (RC), the provisions of paragraphs
(k)(3)(i) and (k)(3)(ii) of this AD apply.
(i) The steps labeled as RC, including substeps under an RC step
and any figures identified in an RC step, must be done to comply
with the AD. An AMOC is required for any deviations to RC steps,
including substeps and identified figures.
(ii) Steps not labeled as RC may be deviated from using accepted
methods in accordance with the operator's maintenance or inspection
program without obtaining approval of an AMOC, provided the RC
steps, including substeps and identified figures, can still be done
as specified, and the airplane can be put back in an airworthy
(4) AMOCs approved previously for AD 2018-10-11 (83 FR 22836,
May 17, 2018) and AD 2018-18-01 (83 FR 49272, October 1, 2018) are
approved as AMOCs for the corresponding provisions of this AD.
(l) Related Information
For more information about this AD, contact Christopher McGuire,
Aerospace Engineer, ECO Branch, FAA, 1200 District Avenue,
Burlington, MA 01803; phone: 781-238-7120; fax: 781-238-7199; email:
chris.mcguire@faa.gov.
(m) Material Incorporated by Reference
(1) The Director of the Federal Register approved the
incorporation by reference (IBR) of the service information listed
in this paragraph under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51.
(2) You must use this service information as applicable to do
the actions required by this AD, unless the AD specifies otherwise.
(3) The following service information was approved for IBR on
(i) CFM International (CFM) Service Bulletin CFM56-7B S/B 72-
1033, Revision 3, dated November 6, 2018.
(ii) [Reserved]
May 14, 2018 (83 FR 19176, May 2, 2018).
(i) Subtask 72-21-01-220-091, of Task 72-21-01-200-001, from the
CFM CFM56-7B Engine Shop Manual, Revision 57, dated January 15,
(5) For CFM service information identified in this AD, contact
CFM International Inc., Aviation Operations Center, 1 Neumann Way,
M/D Room 285, Cincinnati, OH 45125; phone: 877-432-3272; fax: 877-
432-3329; email: aviation.fleetsupport@ge.com.
(6) You may view this service information at the FAA, Engine and
Propeller Standards Branch, 1200 District Avenue, Burlington, MA
01803. For information on the availability of this material at the
FAA, call 781-238-7759.
(7) You may view this service information that is incorporated
by reference at the National Archives and Records Administration
(NARA). For information on the availability of this material at
NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.
Issued in Burlington, Massachusetts, on December 18, 2018.
Robert J. Ganley,
Manager, Engine & Propeller Standards Branch, Aircraft Certification
[FR Doc. 2018-27920 Filed 12-21-18; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-P

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Ahead Of Yom Kippur, Jewish Leaders In New York Insist On Stepped-Up Security
October 8, 2019 11:01 am
Borough Park, a heavily Jewish neighborhood in Brooklyn, New York. Credit: Wikimedia Commons
NEW YORK (JNS) — A total of 311 hate crimes were reported in New York from January through September, an increase compared to the 250 reported during the same period last year, according to Deputy Inspector Mark Molinari, head of New York Police Department's Hate Crimes Task Force.
Molinari said 163 of the reported hate crimes targeted Jews.
While he called 87 percent of the anti-Semitic crimes "criminal mischief," which is generally vandalism involving the drawing of swastikas and other offensive symbols, the remaining 13 percent included crimes such as assault.
Jewish leaders in New York are demanding more police officers to patrol their communities leading up to Yom Kippur and its 25-hour fast, which begins on Tuesday night.
"Enough is enough," said Brooklyn Councilman Chaim Deutsch, who represents the 48th District of New York City. "If they have to bring in 200 cops to patrol our streets to show their visibility, that's what has to be done."
"I've heard from Holocaust survivors how they are afraid to walk in the streets,'' he said. "More than 75 years later, after the Holocaust … for them to say in 2019, 'I am afraid to walk in the streets,' sends us all a bad message."
Flatbush Jewish Community Council co-founder Chaskal Bennett added, "There is no community in New York City that appreciates and values the Police Department more than the Orthodox Jewish community."
Nevertheless, he continued, "we feel that our community is vulnerable and has been subject to an alarming increase in hate crimes. That feeling must be met with the full force and protection of the NYPD."
Editor Editor
triumphinwhitehouse October 8, 2019 1:12 pm at 1:12 pm
NYPD could care less in the heart of Flatbush in the 70 precinct the affirmative action commander David Wall doesn't care about our issues just like he didn't when he was at 66 precinct in Borough Park. Oneill promoted him BECAUSE he ignored frum people. NYPD is NOT our friend Aguda member Chaskel Bennett.
Kollelfaker October 8, 2019 3:36 pm at 3:36 pm
Who cares what Bennet says perhaps it's our attitude and behavior that's the cause
Parking anywhere running lights texting while driving is now the norm
Chaskle look inside
Nachum October 8, 2019 4:17 pm at 4:17 pm
Shuls are going to have to raise funds, and provide their own private security, as they can't depend on law enforcement, all of the time.
Triumphinwhitehouse October 9, 2019 10:32 pm at 10:32 pm
We need to add 711 to shuls so the NYPD pigs will come by.
Yitzy Shapiro October 9, 2019 4:32 pm at 4:32 pm
Better step up security around all Pork stores so Schumer can feel safe


Take your bikes and discover the cycle routes close by, or do some wildlife spotting from one of the many public footpaths in the area. On site your children up to the age of 11 can enjoy the play area, leaving you more time to relax.
If that wasn't enough there is also an enclosed ball games area and a recreation room with table tennis and a table football.


On the 15th October 2018 Rotarians and their family members visited the construction of the New Ross bypass bridge. The visit was organised by Wexford County Council.
It is the longest bridge of its kind in the world and a significant engineering achievement. Contracts were signed with BAM Iridium and Dragados in January 2016 with work starting the following month.


Closed Mondays & Public Holidays.
There are tram and bus stops nearby on the Acland and Fitzroy Street shopping precincts.
There is limited 1.5 hour & all day parking on Acland Street.
the Palais Theatre and on Belford Street West (off Acland Street).


text:
CDSF
About Chandan Lahiri
About Survival
Hawks Survivor (Basic Course)
Eagles Survivor (Intermediate level Course)
Peregrines Survivor (Advanced)
Self Defense Training for Women
Survival First Aid
Let's Get Knotty
Navigation and Cartography
Succumb or Survive (SHTF)
30 Days Bhowali
30 Days Camping in the Padampuri Forest
30 Days Floating in a Life Raft
30 Days Stuck in the Basement
The Pipe Dream Project
Man-up or Shut-up
Survivor Week
Art from Trash
Survival Dictionary
The Shoe Story Repeating Itself?
by Chandan Lahiri | posted in: Basic Prepping | 0
You might have heard about this company that sent two people to explore a new territory for their range of footwear. After spending time researching the area, they both came back with their reports. The first said, "There is no market there, no one wears shoes." while the other said, "There is a huge market, no one wears shoes." Same state, same environment, two different responses. The first was largely pessimistic (some would say realistic), while the other spotted a huge opportunity.
It is the same in India as far as survival training is concerned. If we, like the shoe company, sent two executives out in the field to scope out the opportunities, we would receive two similar reports -
"No opportunity, no one knows anything about survival"
"Huge opportunity, no one knows anything about survival."
It has been a few years that we at OTA Survival School are trying to tap into the huge opportunity of getting individuals to get trained, prepared and equipped to face a survival situation. Not to belabour the point, it has been an absolutely uphill task. The hypothetical response of the first executive seems to hold true every single time - "No opportunity, no one knows anything about survival."
This is really unfortunate. Compared to other developed countries, India faces the brunt of natural disaster and calamities far more regularly. There are floods and cyclones, landslides and cloud bursts, avalanches and earthquakes. In many of these people end up dying. Terrorism is a huge reality in India and often people die. Sometimes due to shock and bleeding .... entirely unnecessary. People succumb to diarrhoea after drinking contaminated water. Others freeze to death because they could not even construct a rudimentary shelter to protect against the elements.
Many times we see people suddenly dying. Sipping a cup of tea to being entirely dead can happen in seconds. And no one even administers CPR to attempt reviving the victim. And people continue to die.
A deeply religious country, a lot of misfortune is laid on the doorstep of divinity.
"It is God's will," is the justification. Personal responsibility is relegated to the concept of karma. "If something bad has to happen, it will." We refuse to take steps to prevent a bad situation from getting worse. Nothing much can be done when you actually end up dying in a disaster. But per chance if one survives, the survivors end up blaming everyone but themselves - the Government, the rescue parties, the building contractors, the administration, the Member of Parliament, the Police for not getting food to eat or water to drink. They want the soldiers to come and build them a shelter. They want the NDRF team to come and feed them. They want the Air Force helicopter to come and evacuate them. They want boat teams to come to their doorsteps with drinking water bottles.
When the shit hits the fan, there are a lot of things that rescue parties have to look into. People could be dying. Epidemics are a possibility. Roads have to be reopened. Unsafe buildings have to be evacuated and demolished to prevent further loss of life. Yet, a large posse of rescue parties are diverted to provide basic succour to the victims by providing food and water. Criminal, I say. Imagine rescue parties distribute ten lakh food packets in an area of devastation, not only is time wasted, but money as well. If each food packet costs Rs 100, the cost is Rs 10,00,00,000. A drain on the exchequer. Alternatively, if each and every person spent Rs 100 to stock up on food preparing for an eventuality, not only would the manpower resources have been better utilised, but a whole lot of public money could have been saved.
Now let us look at the developed world. Specifically, let us look at the USofA. There are survival schools in virtually every alley. The Government spends a lot of time, money and resources to build quick response teams across towns and cities. And people go out of their way to prepare for eventualities. This way the citizenry is prepared, stocked and ready for the time when a disaster does strike.
Despite that, some figures state that less than 10% Americans are prepared. According to the majority, preppers are crazy and rumour mongers. If that is the state in America and among Americans, how does one expect to instill the importance of prepping among Indians. Yet, the process and the effort continues. Is it frustrating? Yes. Is it sad? Yes. Is it a waste of life when someone suffers unnecessarily? Of course. So when will we learn? Not till we actually come face to face with the Grim Reaper and realise the importance of being slightly more prepared than we actually are.
Till then, we will continue to figure out whether there is a market for survival training in India since no one knows anything about survival!
S-T-O-P
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Is the Ganges Depressed? 07/05/2017
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April "Best Of" Menu - Your Vote!
For the month of April we'll be turning over control of our monthly menu to you!
Since September, we have been changing our menu on a monthly basiss to keep things fresh and interesting for our crowd. We want April's menu to be made of up all your favourite dishes from our monthly menu series. So, take to Twitter and Facebook and let us know which of your past monthly menu items were your fav's! At the end of March, we'll tally the votes and the most popular dishes will be on the menu!


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In this Coworking Community Call, we sat down with Director of the Grand Junction Incubator, Jon Maraschin. We cover what a business incubator is, what types of services they offer, what it looks like for a small business to work with an incubator, as well as what incubators may look for in a small business before collaborating.
Our hope for you as listeners is that you will be able to build a partnership with an incubator in your own community. If you're interested in reaching out to Jon, his contact information is below as well as the replay of the call!


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We have recently introduced MaNguKids and Gent Chronicles. Basically our long term plan is to cater for the whole family and encourage everyone to be the best version of themselves.
We love hearing from our customers so please use our 'Contact Us' page to tell us what we're doing right or what we can improve on. Please contact us should you also have any special request.


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Q: How to refer to an Array outside of scope/menu? Hi guys a quick question. Im creating a Java menu below is a sample piece of the code. I am wondering if i set up 2 arrays in an "if" statement how can i refer to these arrays again. I know that because of scope the arrays get destroyed when moved out of the if statement. I wanted to refer to the arrays again if option P is selected.
public static void determineOption (char option) {

        if (option == 'A') {

        int class_number = Console.getInt("Enter how many students between 1-10");

        while (class_number < 1 || class_number > 10)
        class_number = Console.getInt("Enter how many students between 1-10");

        System.out.println("");

        String[] name = new String[class_number];
        int[] score = new int[name.length];

        for (int i=0; i<class_number; i=i+1)
        {
            name[i] = Console.getString("Enter Name");
            score[i] = Console.getInt("Enter score");
        }

        }
        else if (option == 'P') {

        }

A: According to your logic it seems HashMap is suitable for this.
HashMap<String,Integer>

Your key is name and value is score. You could define this as class variable and use in both if else if cases.

A: Put the declaration higher up in the scope, perhaps on the class if necessary. In other words, change the arrays from being variables local to the method to being variables on the class.

A: Declare that array outside if block and initialize it if required.

A: It's all a matter of scopes. Declare the array outside your if statement to put it in the scope of the method itself, that way you'll be able to use it across the method (from its declaration line to the end of the method). If you need to use the array amongst various method you'll probably need to hold to that array a little bit longer by making it a class field.
Just be careful, if your array's initialization depends on different conditions you'll have to do a check before using it, because at any time it might have not been initialized yet.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Routing error for images Ror I run my app locally on 3000 and all is fine, but when i upload to heroku it is sub standard.
I am using paperclip gem,
my Heroku logs issues this error
ActionController::RoutingError (No route matches [GET] "/images/medium/missing.png"):,

There seems to be no path to this instance in my pipeline, If it runs locally and not in heroku i figure it's a Heroku config problem?.

A: paperclip gem means you are uploading images, and want to access the image via that GET request right?
that path looks like it is for the heroku server itself. Heroku doesn't support file uploads, get amazon s3 setup or some other storage facility.
it works locally because your local setup allows for file uploads and storage.

A: For heroku you have to additionally use the aws-sdk gem like shorlty described in the excellent paperclip-intro.
Sample configuration:
# config/environments/production.rb
config.paperclip_defaults = {
  :storage => :s3,
  :s3_credentials => {
    :bucket => ENV['S3_BUCKET_NAME'],
    :access_key_id => ENV['AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'],
    :secret_access_key => ENV['AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY']
  }
}

Best info point is usually heroku itself, see this example configuration guide


Piddington was originally part of the ecclesiastical parish of Ambrosden. By 1152 'Ralph the hermit' had established Holy Cross chapel on Muswell Hill about 1 mile (1.6 km) south of the village. Until the English Reformation, Piddington villagers used to process to the chapel on Christian feast days. The chapel of St Nicholas in Piddington, now Piddington's Church of England parish church, is known to have existed by 1309.
The present belltower was built in the 16th century. St. Nicholas' parish church was repaired in 1826 and restored in 1855 and again in 1898. A 14th century wall painting of St Christopher on the north wall of the nave was discovered in 1896 and restored in 1935.
The Congregational chapel in the village was founded in 1825 and enlarged at a later date. It was still used for worship in 1951 but has since been converted into a private house.


Installing Gopher Traps without using bait.
These are placed directly into the mounds of the Pocket Gopher.
Find a fresh mound and dig to open tunnel.
Pack loose dirt around the base of the trap. Be sure to leave the light hole open so the light and air will bring the gopher back.
Set the Latch bar to the end of trigger wire.
All burrs and sharp edges should be removed from the end of the latch bar and trigger bar.
BE SURE AND KEEP FINGERS OUT OF SPRING BAR AREA WHILE SETTING!
(2018 price) for one gopher trap is $10.00 each.


Spirit Drive with Matt Layton keeps you informed while you're in the driver's seat, from the latest breaking news to the most inspiring stories Western Australia has to offer.
Matt is joined by the state's most experienced reporters from The West Australian, Channel Seven, Yahoo7 and GWN7 as well as the hottest musicians and television personalities. If they're in WA, they're on Spirit Drive.
At a young age, Matt dreamed of being a newsreader while watching the 6 o'clock bulletin every night without fail. At 19, he fulfilled his broadcasting dream at Curtin FM in Perth before making the big move to 2GB in Sydney.
During his time over east, he covered everything from leadership spills and federal budgets to royal visits and the London Olympics.
Now back home in the west, Matt enjoys cheering on his beloved West Coast Eagles while showing his allegiance to the NSW Blues in State of Origin.
Join Matt Layton for your drive, weekdays from 4 right across this great state!


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The Kashmir Files pre-release film screening event in New England 5K Pound Food Distribution 2021 Indian Visa Camp in New England FIA New England's India-Day celebration Tricolor at Rhode Island State House
New England: The newest chapter in FIA history
After New York, New Jersey & Connecticut, FIA enters 5 more states— Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Maine, Vermont The association now has extended its presence to Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Maine, and Vermont along with the existing tristate area of New York, New Jersey and Connecticut. The NE region was in need of a true grassroots non-profit organization for the Indian American diaspora. The formation of FIA NE will ensure that community initiatives and issues more core to the Indian American community in the region get due attention.
The Kashmir Files pre-release film screening event in New England
We're Helping People in Need Around the World
The Boston Marathon, the world's oldest annual marathon, runs from Hopkinton, Mass. To Boylston Street in Boston. In 2020, the annual race went virtual race due to the COVID-19 pandemic but before this, it was cancelled.
Federation of Indian Associations (FIA) New England chapter and Indo-American Association jointly organized a virtual welcoming event for honourable Deputy Consul General of India (DCGI), New York, Dr. Varun Jeph on Saturday morning, October 19, 2021.
The Kashmir Files
Diwali Lighting Projection & 5K Pound Food Distribution
FIA New England Participated in Boston Marathon-2021
Indian American Community of New England Invites DCG Dr Varun Jeph
Tribute Paid to USA Martyrs in Kabul
Flag Hoisting Ceremony 2021
FIA New England organized a virtual welcoming meet with Dr. Varun Jeph, Deputy Consul General of India, New York....
Flag-Hoisting at Rhode Island State House
Partner Organizations & Media Partners


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г. Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Семашко, 44
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National Beat Poetry Festival 2015 Newton, Mass.
This music and or audio is not accessible due to copyright violations ."Here is an excerpt from a reading in Sep ..." has been removed due to a copyright notification. Keep exploring! You can find more similar and music and audio here - National Beat Poetry Festival 2015 Newton, Mass.
The National Beat Poetry Festival, as a non-profit organization, is dedicated to hosting, collaborating, and fostering joint partnerships for Beat themed poetry readings, workshops, plays, radio shows and much more locally and across America--and even internationally at times. The collaborations and joint partnerships extend to individuals, organizations, and representatives of universities and colleges. NBPF supports the further development and exposure of non-traditional poetry from people of all ages and backgrounds within communities where interest is significant and/or where interest needs support. The Beat Generation's significant writings and history of its original prime movers lives on from its inception in the early 1940's, and its legacy continues today by way of new writers, poets and artists of disparate influences and means of expression. The NBFP is committed to not only supporting venues in existence, but also in developing new venues where cultural preservation and the works of new artists can show yesterday meeting the living voices of today. NBFP's activities promote literacy and open exchange dialogue which incorporates the Beat history and art at its base, to break boundaries and bridge cultures with new thought, ideas, and free expression.


text:
Wide but not impermeable: Testing the riverine barrier hypothesis for an Amazonian plant species
Nazareno, Alison G., Dick, Christopher W., Lohmann, Lúcia G.
Molecular ecology 2017 v.26 no.14 pp. 3636-3648
Primates, Violaceae, allopatric speciation, allopatry, amphibians, basins, birds, gene flow, genetic variation, indigenous species, landscape genetics, life history, models, nuclear genome, population structure, rivers, shrubs, single nucleotide polymorphism, species diversity
Wallace's riverine barrier hypothesis postulates that large rivers, such as the Amazon and its tributaries, reduce or prevent gene flow between populations on opposite banks, leading to allopatry and areas of species endemism occupying interfluvial regions. Several studies have shown that two major tributaries, Rio Branco and Rio Negro, are important barriers to gene flow for birds, amphibians and primates. No botanical studies have considered the potential role of the Rio Branco as a barrier, while a single botanical study has evaluated the Rio Negro as a barrier. We studied an Amazon shrub, Amphirrhox longifolia (A. St.‐Hil.) Spreng (Violaceae), as a model to test the riverine barrier hypothesis. Twenty‐six populations of A. longifolia were sampled on both banks of the Rio Branco and Rio Negro in the core Amazon Basin. Double‐digest RADseq was used to identify 8,010 unlinked SNP markers from the nuclear genome of 156 individuals. Data relating to population structure support the hypothesis that the Rio Negro acted as a significant genetic barrier for A. longifolia. On the other hand, no genetic differentiation was detected among populations spanning the narrower Rio Branco, which is a tributary of the Rio Negro. This study shows that the strength of riverine barriers for Amazon plants is dependent on the width of the river separating populations and species‐specific dispersal traits. Future studies of plants with contrasting life history traits will further improve our understanding of the landscape genetics and allopatric speciation history of Amazon plant diversity.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.14142
DOI (10.1111/mec.14142)
Find in a library http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.14142 Download RIS File Export to Zotero


Installed in 2005 during "Zum Wasser—ins Licht", Kunst im Stadtraum Wismar. (To the Sea—into the Light, Art in Urban Space in Wismar).
Luminous red neon text spelling "Milch & Honig" in back-to-front letters, mounted vertically one underneath the other on a frame construction, is installed on the exterior brick wall of the 1935 Ohlerich warehouse in the old city harbour of Wismar. The neon text illuminates the quay and the harbour basin. Despite the inversion, the red light message remains legible: "Milch & Honig". These words refer to God's promise in the Old Testament to give the Israelites a land flowing with milk and honey. They also invoke the utopian land of Hans Sachs (1530), as well as the famous "Accurata Utopia Tabula" map by Johann Baptist Homann (c. 1700). They provide a link to the economic location of Wismar, the old Hanseatic city and its changeable history. The neon text "Milch & Honig" is a metaphor for contentment and happiness and promises prosperity. This is even more poignant fixed to a building that, as one of the four large warehouses in the port of Wismar, represents the former wealth of the honourable Hanseatic city. Furthermore this associates "Milch & Honig" with the prospect of a better, maybe even utopian future. But at the same time the typographic inversion of the letters casts doubt upon this promise.