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Farming|Nagaland
Rinchen Norbu Wangchuk
Naga Scientist's Exotic Mushrooms Help Over 500 Farmers Raise Their Incomes
Besides training over 500 farmers in Nagaland, his startup has gone on to generate approximately 20,00,000 Shiitake dowel spawns and 25,000 kg of Oyster mushroom spawns.
Shiitake mushroom—an edible, profitable and nutritious mushroom mostly grown in East Asia—has found a new home in the northeastern state of Nagaland. The pioneer behind this development is 37-year-old Dr Sosang Longkumer, a microbiologist, who established a small mushroom spawn production laboratory in Dimapur back in early 2018.
Following months of research and experimentation, Dr Longkumer saw the first fruit spawn in October 2019. Delighted with the results, he posted a picture on his Instagram account with a caption stating: "So elated to see the exotic shiitake mushrooms in full bloom in Nagaland. Hoping this brings a new chapter of shiitake mushroom farming in Nagaland."
Exactly a year since then, Dr Longkumar has trained approximately 500 farmers in Shiitake and Oyster mushroom cultivation through his start-up, Konger Agritech. Moreover, the Dimapur-based startup has gone on to generate approximately 20,00,000 Shiitake dowel spawns, and 25,000 kg of Oyster mushroom spawns as well.
However, his interest in cultivating mushrooms began as a challenge.
Dr. Sosang Longkumer with Shiitake Musrooms on a sawdust block.
"My interest in mushrooms began when Dr Rajesh, a senior scientist and my former colleague at Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) unit in Nagaland, challenged me to grow mushroom cultures and make spawns inside the laboratory. This was sometime in 2010, and I was working as a research associate. Backed with my knowledge of microbiology and applied genetics, I completed the challenge. Dr Rajesh was impressed by the quality of my mushroom spawns and advised me to set up a spawn production lab to help farmers grow mushrooms all through the year. Mushroom farming is a profitable venture with low investment and early returns. It can be a full-time or an alternative source of income. Subsequently, I attended an entrepreneurship programme by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in 2011," says Dr Longkumer, speaking to The Better India.
Before setting up his own lab, there was a scarcity of mushroom spawns in Nagaland. Even government-backed laboratories produced these spawns only during the winter months and that too in minimal quantities. To make mushroom cultivation a year-round activity, Dr Longkumer knew he needed a spawn production laboratory to ensure perennial availability for every farmer who wanted to cultivate mushrooms. With the growing interest from potential farmers, government agencies and other organizations, he took it upon himself to set up the lab.
Meanwhile, the emphasis on Shiitake mushrooms was also borne out of the fact that it fetches great prices on the market (as high as Rs 500 to 600 per kg) and requires minimal labour input.
"Mushrooms are a great source of nutrition. Unlike other farm activities, growing mushrooms requires less physical stress. It's something even the elderly can do. So, I thought, why not make it a household practice in the state. In the long run, I also thought Nagaland could become a hub for mushroom farming," says Dr Longkumer.
Beyond the scientific challenges of spawning mushrooms, the real challenge for Dr Longkumer was how to convince farmers in Dimapur or Mokokchung district to take up Shiitake mushroom farming since locals didn't know much about it. He initially encouraged farmers to grow small volumes so that even if it failed, the loss would be minimal.
Besides starting a series of training sessions, Dr Longkumer also offered them a buyback policy for their mushrooms, which really got the farmers to buy into it.
"However, my aim from the beginning has been knowledge sharing and empowering the farmers. From the time they procure spawns from us to the time they harvest, we offer them guidance through every step. Each variety and place requires a different approach based on the climatic conditions. I take it as my personal responsibility to continuously research and pass on any information to the farmers. We have a Whatsapp group consisting of farmers to communicate actively, share reviews, feedback and information daily. Hand-Holding them through every stage is my prerogative. Also, since the government neither links the farmers to markets nor does it have a buyback policy, we guarantee purchase," he says.
Dr. Sosang Longkumer training farmers
The other objective is to encourage a breed of entrepreneurs who can collectively contribute to building the economy of the state through farming, calling them 'Mushroom-preneurs'.
Currently, Konger Agrictech has approximately 200 independent Shiitake farmers, 300 independent Oyster mushroom farmers and multiple self-help groups in its network. The startup has become a point agency for the Nagaland government in livelihood generation.
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They have tied up with the Department of Forests and Environment, Nagaland under the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) project for mushroom farming. Pilot projects have started with farmers in Noksen village in Tuensang district, Touphema in Kohima District, and Mopungchuket in Mokokchung district. Also, they have tied up with the Nagaland State Rural Livelihood Mission (NSRLM) which is the implementing agency for National Rural Livelihood Mission in the State. For this project, they have activated SHGs in the districts of Mokokchung, Wokha and Kohima. In its 'Roadmap for Economic Development- Post COVID-19 Pandemic', the NSRLM cited mushroom cultivation as a key facet of their plan.
Konger Agritech also trained district officials of NSRLM so that they can go back and teach mushroom farming to SHGs in their respective districts. Besides, the startup also regularly conducts free training sessions for individual farmers, students and unemployed youth.
"To be honest, I didn't take up Shiitake farming for strictly commercial purposes. It was more of a side hustle and an attempt to include more varieties in my family's diet. Having said that, I had a good harvest. I sold my produce to other family members and relatives, which helped me to earn a substantial amount. I initially invested about Rs 20,000 into Shiitake mushroom farming, but post-harvest earned about Rs 50,000. In the next four years, I'm looking to earn about Rs 4-5 lakh," says Lhuvevolu A Rakho, the owner of a small boutique in Thuvopisu village, Phek district.
Members of a women-run SHG who have benefitted from growing these exotic mushrooms.
Meanwhile, SHGs like Pangjamer based in Aliba village, Mokokchung district, earned approximately Rs 60,000 in their first season of fruiting and it fruits twice a year. The same logs will bear the same amount of fruit or more in the next four to five years.
The Process of Growing Shiitake Mushrooms
"For the production of Spawn, we tissue culture a part of Shiitake mushrooms tissues under appropriate laboratory conditions. Once the fungus grows well we transfer them to a wood dowel and incubate it at appropriate temperatures for 15-20 days in the fungus culture room. In this time, the fungus colonises the wood dowel, and it finally becomes a wood dowel spawn. This wood dowel spawn is purchased by farmers (Rs 2 per wood dowel excluding transportation costs) and used to inoculate another wooden log measuring 5-8 inches in diameter and 3-foot long logs. The fungus then gets transferred to these wood logs and slowly colonises them. This process takes about 7 months in softwood and 12 months in hardwood, following which they are ready to generate fruit," says Dr Longkumer.
To cultivate mushrooms in logs, the startup follows the tree pollarding (pruning/cutting the branches in a certain way not to harm the tree) and branch cutting methods to ensure the tree is saved for future use as it regenerates itself and the forest, especially the lower plant ecosystem.
"Logs such as oak, alder and chestnut which are native to Nagaland, are used for cultivation. Our log cultivation method generates mushrooms which taste better and have greater medicinal values as compared to exotic mushrooms grown on synthetic sawdust logs in temperature-controlled rooms. I chose to focus on exotic and speciality mushrooms because these mushrooms can be easily produced in huge quantities with the right sort of guidance. Moreover, these crops can't be grown in other parts of India because of the lack of natural resources and climatic conditions," he informs.
Future plans for Mushrooms
Since the nationwide lockdown was first imposed, hundreds of Nagas have been spawning, harvesting, eating and selling kilograms of the delicacy. For this self-funded venture, however, this is only the beginning, and they are looking to increase the number of 'mushroom-preneurs' in the years to come.
"We want to make Nagaland the go-to-market for exotic mushrooms. Nagaland should become a brand for exotic high priced mushrooms and find buyers from all over the world. The best part about this is that anyone can do it, including office-goers. It may start as a side hustle, but one day it could become your full-time business. That's the beauty of it," says Dr Longkumer.
(Edited by Vinayak Hegde)
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Home >Ai >Artificial-intelligence >How AI is helping firms tap users of Indian languages
Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft and Google are already using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to target users of Indian languages. Photo: iStock
How AI is helping firms tap users of Indian languages
3 min read . Updated: 27 Aug 2018, 09:26 AM IST Jayanth Kolla
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are enabling machines to go beyond mere translation, with the ability to extract meanings
Do you know that close to a million bookings are done in local languages daily on the Ola app? The Ola app features 11 different regional languages with around 80% drivers using the vernacular format. Ola is just a case in point. HDFC Securities became India's first trading house to offer stock trading services in local languages over "HDFC Sec" Android app, enabling its customers to buy and sell stocks in 12 Indian languages.
Similarly, instant messenger Hike introduced eight Indian languages in December 2015 and has localized sticker sets in 40 languages, which contribute more than 30% of the traffic on its app. Over 40% of healthcare startup Practo's appointments and patient communication messages are in 11 Indian languages. And the government's BHIM UPI app with over 25 million downloads is available in 13 Indian languages.
Localization of languages has indeed come of age. The internet user base in the country, which was under 100 million till a few years back, has now reached over half-a-billion—primarily led by the rapid adoption of smartphones and decreasing mobile data prices. This has propelled the Indic languages internet user base in the country as well. In 2016, close to 60% of the 409 million internet users in India were Indic language users. This number is growing exponentially. A KPMG report estimates that of the next 326 million internet users in India, 93% are expected to be local language-first users.
Global internet and technology players like Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft and Google are gearing up to cater to this demand. Facebook prompts users to post content in Indian languages while Amazon provides documentation and online support in Hindi for its Indian sellers. Google supports a number of Indian languages including those spoken by a few, such as Dhundhari, Kangri, Malvi and Nimadi on their proprietary Android keyboards. Microsoft supports e-mail addresses in 15 Indian languages across its apps and services.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies have only helped in furthering the cause of local languages online. The advancements in Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies, for instance, are enabling machines to go beyond mere translation, with the ability to extract meanings, context and provide sentiment and intent analysis for text across various languages.
Google, for instance, has its Google Neural Machine Translation (GNMT) for translation between English and nine Indian languages. GNMT offers better contextual translation and human-like speaking ability to the machines. This January, Microsoft announced the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Deep Neural Networks (DNN) to improve real-time language translation for Hindi, Bengali and Tamil.
Reverie, one of the first Indian technology-based languages localization company, provides a cloud-based Language-as-a-Service (LaaS) for its enterprise customers for real-time conversions (transliteration and machine translation), search, intent and sentiment analysis, conversations across text and voice platforms Vernacular.Ai's B2B platform helps companies build multi-lingual chatbots in Indian languages.
Similarly, Dailyhunt—a news and local language content app—uses its proprietary Machine Learning and Deep Learning algorithms to enable smart curation of content and to track user preferences to deliver real-time, personalized content and notifications. Liv.Ai, on its part, uses speech recognition technology to provide speech application programming interfaces (APIs) to enable developers to convert Speech-to-Text transcriptions using Neural Network models.
As Natural Language Processing and Understanding (NLP/NLU) technologies evolve to go beyond text to include voice and speech synthesis, and as voice-based applications become commonplace, language localization needs and supporting AI & ML technologies will also evolve to speech-to-Text, NLU engines.
We have already started witnessing the early adopters. These include e-commerce giant's Amazon's Alexa being prepped up for Hindi, Reverie's Gopal being tested for seven Indian languages and Liv.AI's engine that is being adopted by players across various industries.
Once neural network-based speech recognition engines come of age for Indian languages localization, they will find wide adoption across use cases and applications including voice-based searching from web based applications, query search on platforms of e-commerce, health, travel, media, entertainment, etc., video/audio transcription for subtitling and captioning, analysing audio for semantics and categorization, command-based embedded services and voice based assistants.
The author is founder and partner at Convergence Catalyst and also an advisor to Reverie Language Technologies Pvt. Ltd

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Chute-aux-Outardes est un village du Québec situé dans la MRC de Manicouagan sur la Côte-Nord.

Toponymie
D'après la commission de toponymie québécoise, « les outardes foisonnaient jadis entre Hauterive et Ragueneau. Elles ont ainsi laissé leur nom à la rivière qui y coule, puis au village créé en 1951. L'élément Chute fait allusion à la rupture de pente qui actionne les génératrices d'une centrale qui alimente la papeterie de Baie-Comeau ». Il est cependant question de bernaches du Canada, dont outarde est un nom courant fautif.

Géographie

Municipalités limitrophes

Histoire
Dès 1910, le peuplement de ce village est dû à l'essor de l'industrie forestière et à la création d'une première centrale hydroélectrique au cours des années 1923-1950, Outardes 1 (cette dernière étant maintenant désaffectée), ainsi que la centrale Outardes 2 durant les années 1970.
Le premier résident est Alfred Labbé, originaire de Saint-Éphrem-de-Beauce qui s'installait sur le site entre 1905 et 1908. Il n'obtint, cependant,  son billet de location qu'en 1923 de la part du gouvernement.

En 1943, le village est partiellement détruit par un incendie qui va emporter 20 des 30 maisons, ainsi que les deux écoles. Heureusement, aucune perte de vie humaine n'est à déplorer.

Économie
La majorité des emplois est située dans la ville de Baie-Comeau, ou encore dans les villages voisins comme Ragueneau et Pointe-aux-Outardes. Cependant, une usine de transformation du poisson assure des emplois locaux saisonniers.

De plus, plusieurs commerces desservent les municipalités de la péninsule Manicouagan (Ragueneau, Pointe-aux-Outardes et Pessamit) à partir de Chute-aux-Outardes (pharmacie, boucherie, etc.).

Services
 Un centre local de services communautaires (CLSC).
thumb | Route 138 à Chutes-aux-Outardes.
 Une pharmacie.
 Un terrain de golf 9 trous.
 Des motels, restaurants, bars...
 Épiceries, boucheries, dépanneurs
 Salons de coiffure.
 Une poissonnerie.
 Terrain de balle, terrain de soccer, terrain de jeux, parcs…
 Une église catholique (St-Augustin).
 Une école primaire (l'école Richard).
 Une bibliothèque municipale.
 Une clinique dentaire.
 Une succursale de la caisse populaire Desjardins.
 Un bureau de poste.
 Des stations-services.
 Un canal de télévision.
 Un club de l'âge d'or.
 Une cantine.
 Un Centre Communautaire Jeunesse qui héberge une maison de jeunes (Le Spoth), un carrefour familial (offrant des services de cuisine collective et d'aide alimentaire), Grains-de-Soleil (ressources pour les enfants de 3 et 4 ans), Les Girouettes (un local accueillant des personnes handicapées) et Le cercle des fermières.
 Atelier de carrosserie ( Débosselage Girard)
Un Motel ( La relance)

Démographie

Population

Langues
En 2011, sur une population de 1645 habitants, Chute-aux-Outardes comptait 99,7 % de francophones et 0,3 % d'anglophones.

Administration
Les élections municipales se font en bloc pour le maire et les six conseillers.

Représentations fédérale et provinciale
Chute-aux-Outardes fait partie de la circonscription fédérale de Manicouagan au Parlement du Canada et de la circonscription de René-Lévesque à l'Assemblée nationale du Québec.

Attraits
Chute-aux-Outardes est doté d'un terrain de golf de neuf trous qui est la propriété de la municipalité de Chute-aux-Outardes

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie
Jean-Pierre Bélanger - Philo Lévesque, Chute-aux-Outardes, d'hier à aujourd'hui, Société historique de la Côte-Nord, Baie Saint-Paul, 1991

Liens externes

 MRC de Manicouagan : Chute-aux-Outardes

Municipalité sur la Côte-Nord
Manicouagan (municipalité régionale de comté)
Municipalité de village au Québec

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Name of the Day: Donald
January 25, 2009 By appellationmountain 13 Comments
He might be your accountant. Maybe your dentist. And unless you grew up on Mars, the name almost certainly reminds you of a cartoon duck.
Is he best left in the past, or should we reconsider this Scottish heritage choice?
Thanks to Kate for suggesting today's Name of the Day: Donald.
Donald has had a good run. He's enjoyed long use in Scotland. In the US, Donald ranked in the Top Ten from 1923 through 1942, and remained in the Top 100 until 1990. You probably know a handful of Donalds, most of them grown.
In Gaelic, he's Dòmhnall. Between the 600s and 1300s, plenty of nobles answered to this name, including three kings of Scotland. They probably said DOV nahl. Medieval variants include Dofnald and Dufenald, but eventually the preferred Anglicization became Donal or Donall. Both sound exactly as you'd imagine – DON ahl – and probably better with a brogue.
The pieces of the name translate roughly as "ruler of the world." Val or valos is related to the word for ruler. (And valor and valiant, too.) Dumno or dubno mean world, or more precisely, depths. In the first century BC, a Celtic tribe in Gaul was ruled by Dumnorix or Dubnoreix. The name contains the same elements, substituting the Latin rix for the Celtic val.
The name was worn by an eighth century saint, best known for fathering nine daughters. When his wife died, he and his girls formed a sort of religious community, remembered today as St. Donald and the Nine Holy Maidens.
The thirteenth century Domnhall Mac Raghnuill is considered the founder of the Scottish Clan Donald, and the ancestor shared by all of the MacDonalds and McDonalds worldwide. We assume this includes the brothers Richard and Maurice McDonald, who sold their innovative restaurant concept to Ray Kroc. But no, the clan's tartan is not red and gold.
Fast forward to our times, and notable Donalds include:
Actor Donald O'Connor, best known as Gene Kelly's sidekick in Singin' in the Rain.
Business tycoon turned reality TV star, Donald Trump.
Actor Donald Sutherland, currently part of the cast of TV's Dirty Sexy Money.
Walt Disney's hot-tempered Donald Fauntleroy Duck is, of course, famous the world over.
Donald Rumsfeld is former US Secretary of Defense.
Handsome Eddie Cahill plays Detective Donald Flack, Jr. on CSI: NY.
Today, Donald stands at #322 and continues to fall. Some parents might opt to refresh this one by favoring the unrelated Donovan for a child's name – that choice ranked #198 in 2007.
Overall, Donald is a solid, respectable name. He's not trendy, but that's his strength. Call your son Donald and he'll stand out from his classmates, but not too far.
Baby Name of the Day: Douglas
Baby Name of the Day: Duncan
Baby Name of the Day: Melina
Baby Name of the Day: Ever
Sunday Summary: 9/12/10
He is a 'comfy sweater' name isn't he?! I really like him for that, he's such an unpretentious, kindly name not to mention completely unexpected on any child today. Thanks for making him name of the day Verity!
AthGirl, I agree about the band name. I started to write something like that, but worried I'd be the only one to think that. LOL!
AthGirl says
I had a friend in elementary school named Donald who always went by Don. I remember in 5th grade, we found out his "real" name was Donald and a few kids teased him good-naturedly for a day (Donald seemed so dorky!), then let it go. Don suited him really well. He's about 24 now so probably younger than many other Donald bearers.
BTW, don't know why, but St. Donald and the Nine Holy Maidens strikes me as a band name! Sorry if that is blasphemous 🙂
Laney McDonald says
Donald sounds a bit dated for me, plus my last name is McDonald so it totally wouldn't sound right. lol Plus the poor boy would be asked constantly if his father was Ronald McDonald. I know because people ask me that all the time. It used to annoy me to no end, so I could imagine what would happen if I did that to my kid. I don't hate the name, but I don't love it either.
Not blaspheme, really, watch "Band of Brothers" for Donnie & then "Max Payne" for Mark… Donnie doesn't whine, either. Mark, he's awesome to look at but Donnie's the better actor. I sometimes forget he's Donnie Wahlberg when watching him. i never forget it's Mark. I hope that last bit made sense.
Laney, the Donald I knew as a kid was a Donald MacDonald. I swear! And he never got picked on. His big brother Ronald did. 😛
I was just thinking I forgot Donnie Wahlberg AND Donny Osmond. 🙂 But Donnie W. more talented than Mark? You blaspheme!
A comfy sweater name – that's a great phrase!
I worked for a Donald in graduate school. I guess he's just past the 70-mark now. Great, amazing guy – it's impossible for me to hear the name without smiling.
I'll admit it, Donald's a pleasure to see. My Pop's best friend was a Donald/Don. Donald O'Connor has a soft spot in my heart for 'Singing in the Rain", he played Cosmo Brown! And Donald Duck (and Daisy for that matter) are my favorite Disney characters. You forgot my favorite famous Donald, though: Don Ho was born Donald Tai Loy Ho in August of 1930. My Pop had all his albums! And then there's Donnie Wahlberg, born Donald Edmond Wahlberg and the more talented brother, in my eyes.
I knew a Donald MacDonald in Grammar School, him and his older brother Ronald. The other kids had loads of fun picking on Ronald MacDonald, but he was a nice guy so I didn't. Donald is one of those comfy sweater type names. Warm, comfortable; not too stylish but so comfy, who cares? yeah, like that. Don is pretty suave again, at least to me who likes things like Rufus, Barney, Clancy & Frank. so take Don is cool with a grain of salt or three. I would love to run across a little Donald, nn Donnie. I know Ken thinks Donald is a Grandpop name, one of his Grandfathers was a Donald (Henry was the one he liked best) . I would definitely like to run into one, probably hug mom too! Maybe invite her over for coffee. 😀 Donald, I like you!


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Fulham goalkeeper Marcus Bettinelli has been called up to Gareth Southgate's England squad for the first time.
The 26-year-old has been drafted into England's squad for their UEFA Nations League opener against Spain on Saturday, followed by the friendly against Switzerland.
It is the latest landmark for the keeper, who spent the first half of last season on the Cottagers' bench before becoming their first-choice goalkeeper and helping them win promotion back to the Premier League.
Yet his immediate future at Craven Cottage is far from certain after they drafted in Sergio Rico and Fabri over the summer.
The added competition saw Bettinelli linked with a move away from Fulham this summer, with both Bristol City and QPR said to be interested in securing his signature on loan.
Indeed, there was more speculation he could leave after he was left out of Fulham's first Premier League game this season, leading Bettinelli to pointedly confirm on Twitter he was not injured.
This led Cottagers boss Slavisa Jokanovic to challenge his player to fight for his first-team spot.
Jokanovic said: "I do not know what the player is thinking but he must work and fight for his chance.
"I have three goalkeepers and I can choose only one of them. One of them will be in the stands, one will be on the bench and one will be in the goal. The situation for Marcus Bettinelli is like the situation for the other goalkeepers, and like other parts of the squad.
"I am happy with three quality goalkeepers. This is a fantastic situation for a head coach. The three keepers must fight for the position and I will decide what is best for my team."
He has subsequently started Fulham's last two Premier League matches, conceding four goals as his side beat Burnley 4-2 and drew 2-2 away to Brighton & Hove Albion.


text:
Home Environment Animals
Fish that can breath above water hints on the evolution of walking
in Animals, Biology, Studies
Researchers studying a primitive fish exhibiting an eel-like body, and which can breath above water, claim that the creature's ancestors might actually be the true innovators of walking.
By using an extensive video analysis, the researchers observed how the African lungfish, when put out of the water, uses its pelvic muscles to not only lift itself off the surface, but also propel itself forward. These abilities were thought to have initially originated in tetrapods, the early ancestors of all walking beings, be it dinosaurs or mammals, which appeared later than the lungfish ancestors.
Researchers are now looking into how this discovery might reshuffle the order of events which eventually lead to the transition from marine to terrestrial life. Ancient fossils footprints first believed to be those of tetrapods, might actually had been produced by the lungfish primitive ancestors.
"In a number of these trackways, the animals alternate their limbs, which suggested that they must have been made by tetrapods walking on a solid substrate," said Melina Hale, PhD, associate professor of Organismal Biology and Anatomy. "We've found that aquatic animals with fundamentally different morphologies and that aren't tetrapods could potentially make very similar track patterns."
Like a living time capsule, the lungfish has more or less remained the same for eons, considered by paleontologists a veritable treasure due to its evolutionary heritage. It's an animal closely related to the first truly terrestrial beings, however all of its now distant cousins have gone extinct – the lungfish is a stubborn survivor that denies change and evolution.
"If you showed me the skeleton of this creature and asked me to make a bet on whether it walks or not, I would have bet it couldn't," Neil Shubin at the University of Chicago said. "Their fins seem like the furthest thing from walking appendages possible."
But it does, and University of Chicago researchers have shown how the African lungfish uses its puny limbs, along with alternate pelvic and hind motion to its body off the surface and propel forward.
"It's tempting to attribute alternating impressions to something like the footfalls of an early tetrapod with digits, and yet here we've got good evidence that living lungfish can leave similar sequences of similar gait," said Coates, PhD, professor of Organismal Biology and Anatomy. "The fin or limb use thought to be unique to tetrapods is actually more general."
What this discovery proves is that many of the developments of terrestrial life millions of years ago might had in fact be due to the lungfish's ancestors, and not to early tetrapods, as it is currently believed. Scientists of University of Sydney, who also studied lungfish, came to a similar conclusion just a few months ago in a published study, after they looked to the animal to understand how its pelvic muscles lead to modern day walking limbs. Humans, as the Australian researchers claim, are just modified fish.
"This shows us — pardon the pun — the steps that are involved in the origin of walking," Shubin said. "What we're seeing in lungfish is a very nice example of how bottom-walking in fish living in water can easily come about in a very tetrapod-like pattern."
Tags: lungfishtetrapods


Since we learned the gender of baby #2, I've been a little nervous--well, a lot nervous. The anxiety is fading and turning into excitement, but I thought sharing my feelings would help me speed up the process, the transition of mindset.
When Bunny and Dolly asked me to write a guest post about pregnancy, I thought about a billion different ideas, but settled on the one that was most personal during this time around. Take a look and see what you think: Coming to terms with raising a boy.


It was that time of the week for tempo training, that fast session to help keep your speed after all those slow endurance runs. I decided to head down to the local sports stadium to do the run on the track.
This time I was in Vientiane, the capital of Laos. Being a communist country, the track was open and free to the general populous. Lots of other locals had a similar idea to me, and by 6 am, the track was already beginning to fill up with runners.
My plan was to do three 20 minute sessions, with five minutes rest in between. By the second 20 minute session the sun had started to rise, and by now you could spot me from a mile off, the sole white person on the track. One short Laotian guy saw me doing my laps and, as I went to pass him, he sped up to stay with me. For the rest of this session he ran alongside without speaking, silently enjoying his own little conjured-up race.
As I slowed down for my five minute break, I hoped he would sprint on ahead. "Damn", I thought, as he slowed down with me, barely catching his breath before starting to speak in broken English. "So where do you come from? Who did you come here where? Where are you staying? What is your name?" Not wanting to be rude in case he was some government secret service agent, I decided it best to reply. "From France, with my Husband, in Bewley's Hotel, I'm Patricia" was my succinct yet dishonest answer.
Thankfully, like all rest periods between fast sessions, my five minute recovery was soon up. I ran on. This time round he failed to join. Instead, he went and sat with his friend who was lounging on the track, watching all the female joggers pass him by.
The tracks are open in Thailand as well. Though not communist, they are more community-oriented than in the West. Everyone gets to participate and use the facilities.
I am going to stay in Vientiane coming year, and as runner, i'am looking for place to do spped trainigs, too.


I tripped across this post "Do Thought Leaders Need to Be Practitioners" about a conversation between @schneidermike and @adamkmiec. This debate reminds me a lot of the chatter about 'getting out of the echo chamber' and 'who is really a social media expert'.
I've got a slightly different take on this whole meme... which is this: Why is it so important to define or decide who is/isn't/etc.? For one, we all have different and unique perspectives and experiences. Sometimes that is useful to others and sometimes it is not. Everyone is at a different place on the ramp when it comes to understanding new disciplines, including how to effectively operate on the social web. Sometimes it is helpful to speak with someone who is really enthusiastic, using tools in a personal way to do interesting things. Sometimes it is more helpful to speak with someone who has a lot of experience with really large organizations because the decision-making and operational flow are so different. Sometimes theory is interesting. Sometimes specifics are.
One thing that I do know is that it is extremely hard to have a macro and a micro view of things at the same time - or an experienced view and a new perspective on something. I've been an analyst and in that role you see more technology and companies than anyone in an operational role ever could. See my older post on my perspective on what an analyst does. I've run product groups and been head down for months on end and in those roles you dig in and really understand the ins and outs of customer need and functionality around very specific things... but it is really hard to transition to thinking about theory and the latest greatest thing going on in the market. What I've seen managing groups is that it is extremely helpful to have a combination of experience and newbies - they feed off of each other- the newer people with questions forcing the experienced people to look at things differently or to articulate their thoughts better and the more experienced people guiding the newer people to ask the right questions.
I think we need all sorts of people, in all sorts of roles, to help us figure out how each of our organizations will approach the social web. It is not an either or equation. People who think so are feeling in some way threatened by the emergence of a different perspective or voice. And what about the echo chamber? To me, regurgitation is a form of learning... new people coming into the conversation and rolling the concepts around for themselves - saying very similar things but in slightly different ways. Each of us has the option to decide for ourselves who we listen to - if you don't find someone's perspective useful, there are plenty of ways to stop listening but I for one think we could spend more time trying to understand each other.
Yesterday Marc Meyer and Jason Breed invited me to host #socialmedia chat - an excellent series if you are looking to explore various topics related to social media and 'meet' others who are interested in the same thing. Yesterday the topic was "The Difference between social media and community" which is something that I've been going on about for a bit. The transcript of the chat is here. I don't really have a clear definition of all of the differences - and I would be interested in hearing your perspective in the comments - but I do have a strong opinion that they are different which is shared by many community managers with whom I speak. If you are interested in my perspective you can find it here and here. To me social media is a tactic and about socializing content while community is a strategy and about the people and structure of an organization - but that is not a universal perspective, just mine.
The first question kicked off the chat: What is the difference between social media and community?
@TransitionalTee If social media will enhance connectivity & sharing, it's worth considering. I'm sure many [communities] thrive w/o.
@monicawright I think there is a slight difference bt socmed and community; comm builds as the "social" happens.
@monicawright @Marc_Meyer "community as a strategy" is almost like marriage, it's a commitment and requires work. Right on.
An interesting question came up in the process as well, which is: can you 'manage' or proactively facilitate the creation of a community? Participants seemed to fall on both sides of that fence but everyone generally agreed that if it felt forced it would not work.
The importance of face to face interactions came up as did the use of social media for bringing an offline community into the new online medium - I think this was a great point as to the importance of cross-platform programming.
Doing multiple questions is hard because the tools are not really meant for synchronous chat so the delay and rapid fire nature of the conversation made it hard to shift gears. The first topic had by far the best discussion.
There are only so many things you can really dig into in an hour. If you want to get beyond the high level summary of a topic, an hour is only enough time to get specifics around one relatively niche subject.
The tools are not quite meant to do this... Marc has built a great interface at http://hashtagsocialmedia.com/live to help but I had to switch between that, Twitter search, and Seesmic desktop for different reasons. One - using a new interface for the first time on the day of the chat... not ideal. Two - real time search was a bit more real time in different places... very erratic Twitter API from what I could tell.
Twitter chats are a great way to meet and have a topical discussion on Twitter. Most of Twitter is a lot of snacking and some bursts of conversation for me so Twitter chats are a great specific time to dig in and broaden conversations to more people.
While not hard, chatting on Twitter is like a secret handshake that is pretty opaque to people unfamiliar with the concept. For the record, it is a set time with a set topic and a defined hashtag (in this case noon EST on Tuesdays where participants all include '#socialmedia' in their tweets). It's a great example of a groundswell conversation - anyone on Twitter can participate if they choose to.
I'm not sure if it annoys people who follow me - I do wonder that it might.
As an individual, I could not keep up. I dropped a lot of conversational balls and comments or questions directed at me specifically. So - if I didn't respond and you participated and wanted my perspective on something - please let me know!
It's fast, furious, and fun - always something I enjoy. Thanks to Marc & Jason for having me and to everyone who participated - great conversation!
My background is in product development management and processes. One of the things that you learn is that the R part of R&D has to be managed and measured very different than the D part. Most large technology enterprises have dedicated teams focused on research that will not be commercially delivered for a number of years - or even decades. The expectations that management sets for those groups and the associated measurements are very different than those they use to measure the product development pipeline.
I feel strongly that because of the very different approach to customer engagement that is being brought on by the social web, marketing and customer support teams should think seriously about creating social labs whose mission is to experiment and try new techniques and processes - and give them the funding necessarily so that they have the tools and resources to adequately test their hypothesis.
Why? Social processes cannot easily be bolted on to existing processes. David Alston of Radian6 who is one of the new generation of social CMOs recently explained his approach as "I focus on community first and then layer on more traditional marketing programs, not the other way around". That is a fundamental shift.
The other issue with this shift - which companies are currently struggling with - is that CxOs want and need to see these new approaches replace the volume they currently get with traditional methods. The problem? Current methods of marketing investment are linear - you spend X in direct response marketing and you get y in return... and there are fairly robust benchmarks to indicate whether you are on target or not. It also scales up and down predictably - if I spend twice as much I get twice the response rate. Communities look more like hockey sticks. Initially they require a lot of investment - and have disproportionately low returns. From a measurement perspective, they look like failures for a long time before they look like successes. Over time however, communities see geometric returns that you simply can't achieve from traditional methods and that is when the costs start dropping dramatically relative to the returns. But that gestation period is different for different types of communities and it requires an act of faith to invest heavily is something for a long enough period to see those returns start to happen. In mature communities, membership doubles in increasingly small increments - SAP's SDN & PBX communities have over 1.5 million members, a year ago it was 1 million... and that was three or more years in.
Which gets me to social labs. A marketing or support organization cannot switch overnight - there would be a huge drop in performance while the community is in it's incubation stage... a stage that requires a limit to the number of community members in order to consolidate and build a core of passionate advocates which will enable the hyper-growth stage later. Today, too many groups are trying to either add on 'social' to existing processes or expect the same performance out of social initiatives - often trying to skip the critical incubation phase of community development ensuring they will never reach the performance needed to replace traditional practices. So, give your social initiatives an incubator - and don't start judging right away - it doesn't work the same way that you might expect it to.


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WIN 4 FREE Tickets To TUTA Studio Theatre--US Premiere of The Silent Language (Ages 8+) #giveaway #sponsored
Gasho (Max Lotspeich) plays the guitar in TUTA Theatre Chicago's The Silent Language
ACT OUT KIDS OPENING: ChiIL out with ChiIL Mama and this darkly comedic, Serbian, fairy tale musical! (recommended for ages 8+). Enter below for your chance to WIN 4 tickets to any 4pm weekend matinee through midnight 4/18. (Disclosure: Thanks to TUTA for kickin' us tickets for our giveaway and review purposes. All opinions are our own.)
Some of the things we love and value most about raising urban kids are the multicultural and cultural opportunities. TUTA Theatre has both! Our own last name "Mara" is a slavic fairy tale character--a biting night witch or vampire type who comes to you while you sleep and induces "nightmares". Cool huh. So, our family's well primed to dig the macabre in The Silent Language. ChiIL Mama will be there midway through the run and we'll have a full review up shortly thereafter.
TUTA THEATRE CHICAGO CONTINUES THEIR 11th SEASON WITH THE U.S. PREMIERE OF THE SILENT LANGUAGE BY MIODRAG STANISAVLJEVIC AND DIRECTED BY TUTA ARTISTIC DIRECTOR JACQUELINE STONE
The wedding couple (Max Lotspeich and Carolyn Molloy)
The Silent Language, a U.S. premiere, by Serbian playwright Miodrag Stanisavljevic, translated by Zoran Paunovic, is a highly musical and darkly comedic fairy tale. Written in the 1981, The Silent Language is an adaptation of an old Serbian folk tale originally called Nemusti Jezik. It follows the journey of a young village servant named Poor Gasho as he gains the ability to understand the "the silent language." As defined in this story, it is the language that only animals can speak and understand. On a larger scale, the script also speaks to the things we see and hear in everyday life, but fail to recognize due to our inabilities to listen and focus on details.
Stanisavljevic's structure is exciting and risky, marking a departure from the typical "alls-well-that-ends well" fairy tale structure. It's very open and at times, exposes the harsh realities of both good and evil. A large forest provides a backdrop for countless discoveries, facing your fears, and finding secrets in unexpected places.
The Silent Language will mark two big milestones at TUTA. It will be the U.S. premiere of a rarely produced Serbian play and it will mark the directorial debut at TUTA of their newly appointed Artistic Director, Jacqueline Stone. Stone, a co-founder and longtime company member, brings a wealth of experience and a unique understanding of TUTA's mission and desire to bring innovative international works to American audiences. The Silent Language is an ensemble piece, and will draw upon the long tradition and commitment TUTA has to working with its company members. It's musical in both form and content, and there will be a continued exploration of TUTA's commitment to original and rearranged forms of music.
Performance Runs Friday April 19 – Sunday May 19 at TUTA Studio Theatre
Click the Rafflecopter link below for your shot at winning 4 tickets:
(Tickets to any 4pm weekend matinee of your choice. Enter through midnight 4/18.)
TUTA Theatre Chicago continues its eleventh season with The Silent Language, a U.S. premiere, written by Serbian playwright Miodrag Stanisavljevic, translated by Zoran Paunovic, and directed by Artistic Director Jacqueline Stone. The Silent Language will run Fridays and Saturdays at 8 p.m., in addition to Saturday and Sunday matinees at 4 p.m., from April 19 – May 19 at TUTA Studio Theatre, 2010 W. Fulton Street. There is no 8 p.m. show on Saturday, May 4.
Pay what you can previews & industry night:
Preview performances are April 11 – 18, Wednesdays, Thursdays, Fridays, and Saturdays at 8 p.m., in addition to Saturdays and Sundays at 4 p.m. and are "pay-what-you-can".
There is a "pay-what-you-can" industry performance on Monday, April 29 at 8 p.m. There is a suggested donation of $25 at the door for adults and $15 for industry/students/children under 18 at all performances. Seating is extremely limited. Reservations are highly recommended. To reserve spots call Brown Paper Tickets at 1-800-838-3006 (24 Hours) or on-line at www.brownpapertickets.com. *All reservations must be claimed no later than 15 minutes before a performance or they will be released. This show is recommended for children ages eight and up.
The production features the talents of company member Jaimelyn Gray, and guest artists Sean Ewert, Laurie Larson, Carolyn Malloy,Max Lotspeich, Aaron Lawson, and Angela Bullard, under the direction of Jacqueline Stone (co-founder). Design and technical collaborators include: Original Music and Musical Direction by Wain Parham; set design by Michelle Lilly; costume design by Branimira Ivanova; lighting design by Keith Parham; sound design by Joe Court; prop design by Oliver Todd; and stage management by Allison Raynes.
Artistic Director and Co-Founder Jacqueline Stone directs The Silent Language, which makes this the 13th production she has been artistically a part of for the company over the last eleven years. As an actress, she has appeared in numerous TUTA productions includingThe Wedding (1996, 2010, 2011), The Hour, Alice, Little Prince, Still Life in Color, Uncle Vanya (2008, 2009), Baal, and Fulton Street Sessions. Other Chicago theatre she has worked with include Chicago Dramatists, The Second City, Prop Thtr, 20% Theatre Company, WNEP Theatre, New Leaf Theatre, Backstage, Brown Couch, and io (formerly Improv Olympic). Stone recently directed the world premiere of Chelsea Marcantal's Devour at 20% Theatre Company, in addition to Jenny Siedelman's August 8, 1974. She directed the world premiere of Dee Bolos' acclaimed one woman show Southside (Prop Thtr, NYC Fringe, Seattle Fringe). In addition she directed the world premiere ofDon't Let The Pigeon Drive the Bus! (Apollo,Touring company, and Millennium Park) and the Midwest première of Junie B. Jones at Emerald City Theatre Company.
The Silent Language at TUTA Studio Theatre, 2010 W. Fulton Avenue, April 19 – May 19 (no show Sat, May 4). Preview performances are Thursday, April 11 – Thursday, April 18. Opening press nights are Friday, April 19 and Saturday, April 20 at 8 p.m. Spots are "Pay-what-you-can" for previews and a suggested donation of $25 for adults and $15 for industry/students/children under 18 for the regular performances. Spots are extremely limited, and reservations are highly recommended. To reserve spots to The Silent Language call 1-800-838-3006 (24 Hours) or go on-line to www.brownpapertickets.com. For more information on TUTA go to www.tutato.com.
(L to R) Gander (Sean Ewert) and Goose (Angela Bullard)
Photos by Anthony Robert La Penna
Labels: act out kids, giveaway, opening, Shows on our radar, The Silent Language, TUTA Studio Theatre, US Premiere
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Envisioning India's future 20 years hence is a daunting task in this uncertain world "where one knows not even the step in front," as Sri Aurobindo described our blindness concerning the future. In 1980 who could have foreseen that the Berlin Wall would fall, the Cold War end and the USSR disappear within a decade? What visionary could have imagined the sudden emergence and explosive growth of the Internet 15 years later? Who could conceive that India, whose software exports were just a few million dollars at the time, would emerge as a software superpower by 2000? Looking beyond the obvious and immediate to grasp the nation's greater possibilities is the challenge which the Planning Commission took up in formulating its Vision 2020 report.
There has been significant praise and some scorn for the Vision 2020 report since its release on January 23rd, but most of the commentary is quite superficial and overlooks its central purpose and most vital content. This report is neither a prediction of what will happen or a comprehensive package of remedies for present ills. It is an attempt to identify the most promising opportunities and pressing challenges which the country will face over the next two decades. It endeavours to indicate the magnitude of the potential for accelerating India's development, provided it fully utilizes these opportunities and boldly addresses these challenges.
The report poses and answers questions which should be of interest to every thinking Indian: How fast and how far can India develop over the next 20 years? Will the country be able to produce sufficient food to feed a still expanding population? Will there be sufficient employment opportunities for tomorrow's youth? Apart from the software export potential, how can India's strengths in information technology be leveraged for more rapid development within the country? What will be the impact of development on the country's energy consumption and dependence on imported fuels? How will tomorrow's cities manage the ever increasing motor vehicle traffic? What changes will occur with regard to politics and governance? How can India enhance its security against external and internal threats?
This is no fatalistic report that claims to have all the right answers to these questions. It aims to foster constructive and informed debate on these important issues. Indeed, there can be no 'right' answers, only more or less thoughtful and analytic approaches to understanding the factors and forces that will determine the eventual outcomes. The central message of the report is that these outcomes are not a question of fate at all, but of the choices that we make now and in future. Its argues that India as a nation has the power, if it has the will, to determine its own future. It acknowledges that the country confronts some formidable challenges, but refutes the notion that it is helpless or incapable of overcoming them.
The report breaks with a coveted myth about the role of money in development. Too often planning consists of drawing up a wish list of desirable projects and then comparing it with available financial resources. Vision 2020 comes to the startling and insightful conviction that "financial (capital) resources will not be the key factor that decides the course of our future progress. If we fail, it will be mainly for want of a vision of what is possible, knowledge of how to realize it, belief in ourselves, commitment to achieve, will for the effort or skill in implementation - not for lack of finance."
Will India be able to sustain or exceed the six percent growth rates achieved during the 1990s? The report concludes that growth rates of eight or nine percent, which China achieved over the past 20 years, are definitely within reach. It notes the increasingly important role being played by non-material, knowledge-based resources in the development process-information, technology, organizational expertise, education and productive skills. If properly harnessed, these catalytic factors, which are more readily available and accessible than in the past, will enable India to develop faster than ever before, making possible a quadrupling of per capita GDP by 2020.
Will population growth add significantly to the already heavy burden of feeding and educating an ever-expanding population? The report concludes that twenty years hence the people of India will be better fed and educated, healthier and more prosperous than at any other time in the country's long history. Total population will expand by another 30 percent during this period, mainly due to the large number of young people entering reproductive age. But rapidly falling fertility rates, at least in the southern states, are already approaching the level needed to ensure zero population growth in the long run. The size of the under 15 years age group will remain constant, reducing pressure on expansion of the educational system. The elderly population will increase due to longer life expectancy, requiring improved means of providing for the aged.
Will India be able to produce sufficient food for its growing population? Rising farm productivity will not only produce sufficient food to feed all India, but also generate significant surplus capacity to make India a major exporter of farm produce. At that same time, providing food security for all will depend on the capacity of people to purchase it. Here, argues the report, lies the most critical challenge before the nation in the next 20 years - to generate sufficient employment opportunities for its growing population.
Education and employment are the two central pillars on which the Vision strategy is built. The report calls for a massive effort to rapidly upgrade the nation's formal system of education to encompass the large percentage of youth who drop out of the present system and to raise the quality of general education to international standards. Quantitatively, the report sets the goal of achieving 100% enrolment of all students in the 6 to 14 year age group. Qualitatively it calls for a shift from rote memorization and passive learning to methods that foster children's capacity for critical thinking and the ability to learn on their own. The report advocates the use of computers as a means to accelerate learning at all levels and proposes a radical revamping of higher education, fully utilizing the capacity of computers and the Internet to delivery top quality, higher education to all youth that aspire for it. To be continued.
The most significant contribution of the Vision 2020 Report is on the question of employment. No challenge looms so great in the minds of Indian planners as that of creating sufficient job opportunities for all job seekers. The numbers are indeed formidable. India's labour force is expected to grow by an additional 160-170 million persons by 2020. Added to the present estimate of 35 million unemployed, this means that in order to achieve full employment the country needs to generate approximately 200 million additional employment opportunities over the next 20 years.
Huge as they are, it is not the numbers that make this challenge seem so formidable. It is, rather, the widely held misconception that employment growth is the result of forces over which society has at best very limited control. It is the sense of helplessness that makes the challenge seem so daunting.
The report refuses to be distracted by a numbers game. Rather it insists on starting with the question, "How important is it to us as a nation to create employment opportunities for all?" Then itself gives the answer: "It is extremely important. It is as important to create job opportunities for all citizens in a market economy as it is to provide universal suffrage to all adults in democracy. Access to employment is an essential component of freedom of economic choice. It argues that the question of employment is so vital, that India's vision for 2020 must be founded on the premise of gainful Jobs for All. Access to employment should not only be a top priority of the government but a constitutionally guaranteed fundamental human right."
But, every reader will ask, is it possible to achieve such an ambitious goal in the framework of a non-subsidised, market economy? Here the report reminds us of a nearly forgotten fact that the type of economy India builds over the next few decades will be the result of choices the country makes, not some irreversible logic of economic science. It then goes on to highlight some of those choices and the opportunities for stimulating job creation on a far larger scale than previously recognized.
First, it argues, we need to shift emphasis away the public and private organized sector to as a source of employment. Together they provide only 7.5 percent of total jobs. The private organized sector which is the principle beneficiary of free market policies constitutes only 2.5 percent. Even if this sector grows by 30 percent per annum, it can contribute only a few percent to total job growth.
In contrast, international comparisons reveal that small and medium industries (SMEs) create the majority of jobs in almost all countries. In the USA, nearly half of the private workforce is employed in small firms, of which 60% have less than five employees. In Japan 78 percent of jobs and in Korea 69 percent of jobs are in SMEs. Policies need to be modified to level the playing field, improve availability of credit, increase productivity, and enhance competitiveness of this sector. Employment in registered small industries, which has nearly tripled over the past 20 years, could generate an additional 36 million jobs by 2020.
Despite achieving surplus food production capacity, agriculture can continue to be an important engine of economic growth and job creation. Watershed development, expansion of irrigated cultivation, and diversification into cash crops, especially vegetables and horticulture crops, could generate upwards of 20 to 30 million new on-farm employment opportunities within a decade. Development of India's degraded forest lands could generate 10 to 15 million additional jobs within five years.
India's energy consumption is expected to triple by 2020. This rising demand can be converted into a major stimulus to job growth and a lucrative market for the country's farm sector, while reducing India's dependence on imported fuels. Conversion of degraded wastelands into energy plantations for biomass power production and bio-fuels such as jathropa could generate 30 million year-round job opportunities while producing 100,000 MW of farm-based power. Coupled with aggressive development of ethanol-based fuel oils from sugarcane and less water-intensive sources such as sugar beet, maize and tapioca, could dramatically reduce dependence on imported fuel oils.
By far the greatest potential for job creation lies in the service sector. Rapid growth is possible in a wide range of services including computer-related research and development, IT-enabled services, financial services, real estate, advertising, printing and packaging, sales and marketing, retail and wholesale distribution, transport and telecommunications, audio-visual, engineering and construction, all levels and types of education, health care and medical research, entertainment, recreation, travel and tourism. Reducing drop-out rates and raising the quality of education will require an additional four million teachers. Tourism alone could generate more than 20 million additional jobs within a decade.
But creating job opportunities is not sufficient to ensuring full employment. Equally important is developing a workforce with adequate employable skills. In fact, it may be more accurate to say that if India can provide the range and quality of employable skills required for the nation's growth, that will be sufficient to create the necessary jobs. Here past performance has been poor. Only 5 percent of India's labour force in the 20-24 year age group have undergone formal vocational training, compared with 28 percent in Mexico and 96 percent in Korea.
Although India has over 4200 industrial training institutes, which together with other vocational training programmes, cover 17 lakh persons per annum, this is still far from adequate to meet the nation's need. Rapid changes in the nature of vocational skills together with the huge number of young job seekers demand new approaches. Here the report sets forth a comprehensive strategy that includes a large role for the private sector and for alternative means of instruction, especially TV and computerized vocational training. It proposes a nationwide network of 50,000 computerised vocational centres run as private, self-employed businesses similar to STD booths and Internet cafes that can deliver low-cost, high quality training to 10 million workers every year on a wide range of job-related skills. To be continued.
The Vision 2020 report paints an inspiring vision of India, but can it be realized? A vision that originates in the truth of things achieves more than it has envisioned. What then is the truth on which our vision of India in 2020 should be founded?
An achievement of this magnitude cannot be based on imitation of economically advanced nations or even by emulation. Such an approach over the past 55 years has only led to a slavish, uncreative mentality, rather than a mentality capable of original thinking and initiative.
Nor can it be realised by a sense of dependence on foreign aid or even foreign capital. The accomplishments of a nation depend on its social will. Social will issues out of self-esteem and self-confidence. How can a nation occupying the 134th rank on the Human Development Index have self-esteem? How can a nation that seeks foreign aid have self-confidence? Freedom means self-reliance, not dependence on foreign aid. Foreign aid tends to undermine a nation's self-reliance, except when given in the form of training and technical assistance.
Nor can such rapid and dramatic progress be achieved by reliance on the initiative of government. No government can develop a nation. A nation's progress depends on the people's awareness of their latent capacities, the strength of their aspiration for higher accomplishment, the intensity of the energy they are able to release into innovative, their capacity to organize for constructive action, and the quality of their productive skills. Government policies and programmes have a role to play in removing obstacles, providing essential infrastructure and encouraging pioneering initiatives. But government initiative can never be a substitute for private action. Government can at best act as a spearhead, catalyst and facilitator of the development process. The prime mover must be the people. All that the government needs to do is to provide the infrastructure -- roads, storage, refrigerated vehicles, information, etc. -- so that energy released by the people can be organised into material results. A popular movement for national prosperity will do the rest. The secret of Prosperity lies in man wanting more and developing his capacities to work for that more. Millions of men and women demanding of themselves higher comforts and higher education is the creative force for national prosperity.
There is ample scope for a new round of economic reform to more fully liberate the public from the constraints imposed by anachronistic policies, constrictive bureaucratic procedures and unaccountable officials. But what India needs most of all today is a widespread, grass-roots, public movement for national prosperity akin to the Freedom Movement of yesteryear. Standing on the shoulders of those who fought a political revolution against colonial rule, it is time to usher in another revolution, a revolution that abolishes poverty. Such a movement can accomplish more for the country's development over the next five years than an investment equal to that contemplated in the next five year plan.
The essential purpose of a Prosperity Movement is to generate awareness of the country's untapped opportunities, latent strengths, and undeveloped potentials, to foster self-confidence in India's future, create a sense of urgency and fuel enthusiasm for action, unleash fresh constructive initiative in all fields and celebrate successes wherever they occur. Development is fundamentally a human process driven by people's awareness, aspirations, expectations, knowledge, skills and values. A prosperity movement can directly address this central requirement, utilizing every means at its disposal.
This calls for a massive programme of public education. Television, print and electronic media can play a vital role in highlighting opportunities and achievements as well as imparting practically useful information and skills. Public debates on development strategy, publicity programmes to focus on opportunities, and awards for social innovation can all be used to fuel the movement. A national foundation can be established to disseminate information on opportunities and technologies, conduct and commission studies, prepare documentaries and reports, establish models and demonstrations, provide assistance to pioneers, study and publicise successful policies and systems, both within India and abroad.
What is necessary to achieve this glorious vision?
A comprehensive knowledge of the country's possibility and potentials.
An indomitable will that exceeds in intensity the strength of will that achieved Freedom.
Beyond this there is another element. The achievements of other nations do not inspire. What will inspire Indians are representative achievements within the country. Let us create a MODEL the size of one district and experiment with all our enthusiastic endeavours in the model. The real purpose of the model is to inspire other parts of India. It will serve a great purpose if all the problems which the nation will face in future can be met and overcome on these pilot projects. This will serve as field for testing the validity of ideas full of future potential.
Vision 2020 anticipates a quadrupling of India's per capita income, which means that within two decades an average family of five will have an annual income of more than rupees two lakhs. The result may be several-fold greater if the following approach is adopted for implementing the model. Choose a district where no political leader has a vested interest and by an ordinance suspend the operation of all encumbering laws and procedures there for the project period. Provide the project a corruption-free administration. Implement in this concentrated area all the presently available schemes. Draw up new schemes to utilize the maximum potentials for all existing organisations - banks, universities, voluntary agencies, insurance companies, newspapers, etc. This alone is capable of raising the GDP 25-fold.
A nation's strength lies in building on its rich inheritance. The revolution to usher in prosperity must begin by ruthlessly casting away all the attitudes of our colonial past. It must replace them with a new set of mental beliefs born out of the Indian soil, just as in the past the methods utilized to achieve freedom were derived from Indian social culture.
As India's freedom fighters were proud to draw on the country's inherent strengths to organise the freedom struggle, now the country should not be shy of awakening its native Spirit to fight for prosperity. India's strength lies there. Anything else is Shankara's maya. But this should not be mistaken as a reversion to a life of austere sannyasa or traditional behaviours appropriate to the distant past. Those are only the forms of the past, not its essential truth. The future is built on the Essence of that past, not on the old Forms. Give up the Forms of the past, while cherishing its Essential Knowledge.
To awaken the dormant Spirit of India means to heavily draw upon the rich wisdom of the past accomplished civilisation to solve the present problems and fully utilise the opportunities, rather than borrowing alien models which lead to dismal failure here. The explosive expansion of India's software exports was possible mainly because that movement unconsciously drew upon the nation's anciently inherited capacity for mathematics, which represents only one thin strand of India's enormous latent endowments. A conscious appreciation of all the nation's age-old inherited capacities will naturally awaken the activities of India on all fronts. This is the vision to be arrived at and it requires a commensurate will for action.
Spirituality is common to all religions. It does not divide people from each other and it does not clash with the secularism of the nation. In the 1950s when former Madras Presidency was suffering from drought, Rajaji, as the then Prime Minister of the State, gave a call to the people to pray for rain at the temples, mosques and churches. The leftist opposition chided him. Rain came down copiously to the relief of all. It is a spiritual principle that whatever you pay attention to will grow to abundance. Maximum utilisation of water is attention to water. Recharging the aquifers and rain-water harvesting, measures good in themselves, are expressions of a spiritual principle that in action will wipe out water scarcity.
We are not shy of using the mind and being intelligent in our work. Spirit is, like mind, a higher principle. Let us not be shy of being SPIRITUAL. The rural side is naturally replete with a wisdom which the people are not conscious of. All life can be spiritual. Acting spiritually, efficiency rises. Utilizing all available resources and opportunities is a spiritual principle. For example, there are dozens of financial services prevalent in the West, such as various types of insurance, that can be adapted to local conditions here. Extending insurance to fields such as education and agriculture will go a long way towards making the country prosperous. Each such approach should be demonstrated in the MODEL.
A spiritual approach also tells us that further progress can only be made when the existing potentials are exhausted and that enormous creativity surfaces by integrating each organisation with every other existing organization. Integration of different services will yield far greater results than successful individual activities.
The greatest spiritual principle is self-reliance, which can only emerge when foreign aid is refused and our own resources are fully drawn upon. The future of India lies in following the Inspiration of 1947. India resorted to soul-force rather than armed struggle to win freedom. She did so out of her superior strength, not out of weakness. This approach should be applied by the military, administration, trade, commerce, education, culture, finance, internal harmony and every conceivable walk of life. More than half a century after attaining freedom, people are bodily free but still enslaved by ideas and attitudes acquired from others that do not bring out India's native strengths. Once the country wins back this freedom of Mind, it will be free to borrow anything from others as mental adults, not as subservient beings.
A few decades ago, people spoke about 'economics as if people mattered.' The West, having built up a modern civilisation, is in danger of losing its mental freedom to limited, dehumanised economic conceptions of its own creation and India is in danger of following where they lead. Dr. V. Kurien, who pioneered the White Revolution, illustrated the obvious fact that all economics starts with people when he exclaimed, "It is the man who made the cow yield more milk. What is the idea of praising the cow?" Life is for man. Our economics must be human-centred. This makes both common sense and Spiritual sense.
For this vision of 2020 to be realised, the centre of that vision must be the human being. Man should not be subordinated to outer circumstances. These circumstances can be brought under our control, provided we choose to exercise our free will. Circumstances should be made to evolve around people, for people and with people at the centre and as the dominant force. Such an approach will release the school student from the tyranny of rote memorization, man from the thraldom to money, and the citizen from subservience to society. In the process India will not only prosper but give rise to a higher type of individuality and show a way for other nations to follow.


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Baywatch Sinks Longtime Fans with Movie Trailer
by Joelle Speranza
Omitting Staples of Television Show's Success Leaves Little for Nostalgia
Paramount Pictures has released the trailer for the Baywatch movie, and it's a big letdown for longtime fans (it's OK to admit this show was your guilty pleasure). It's not Baywatch without the signature theme song, David Hasselhoff or Pamela Anderson and none of those key elements to the show's success are present in the promo. When making a movie based on one of the most-watched television shows in the world, the production team has a lot to live up to and should deliver a taste of it to fans.
That's not to say the movie won't be a hit, however. Directed by Seth Gordon (Horrible Bosses), the flick stars Hollywood hotties Dwayne Johnson, Zac Efron, Alexandra Daddario and Priyanka Chopra, among others. This cast brings the sex appeal that made viewers of the Baywatch television show drool from 1989-2001. But there doesn't seem to be anything that ties them to the original cast, other than Efron's character of Matt Brody, who was originally portrayed by David Charvet on the small screen. This can easily be just another summer beach movie without the Baywatch name. Wikipedia lists The Hoff and Pamela Anderson among the cast for the movie, but they didn't even have a cameo in the promo.
If a film is going to build off a tidal wave size brand, it has to honor a bit of the show's history and contributors to its success. The promo opens with Dwayne Johnson speaking about how his lifeguard team is the heart and soul of the beach. The first three seconds of music from the old Baywatch theme song set the tone, but viewers will miss lyrics that jet-started each episode. You know, the song "I'll Be Ready," by Jim Jamison. Sing along: "Some people stand in the darkness, afraid to step into the light…."
Ok, great job! Now back to discussing the two-minute trailer.
There's adventure, mystery, humor, bikinis and those famous red lifeguard uniforms. Those were all present in the TV series and are ingredients for an entertaining movie. It'll sell tickets for the summer and viewers will enjoy it, but the verdict as to whether Baywatch the movie keeps all the core elements of the series success afloat remains to be seen.
Alexandra DaddarioBaywatchdavid hasselhoffDwayne JohnsonmoviePamela AndersonPriyanka Chopratelevision seriesZac Efron
Joelle Speranza
jsperanza@thes3agency.com
PR Account Executive @ The S3 Agency


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Amazing appetizers, food and an amazing view - fun picture sight too. Sunset view. Family friendly menu.
Certainly not worth the price!
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There wasn't a gluten free menu but our waitress checked with the chef and gave me some options. I had the swordfish and it was heavenly!
We are not open Christmas Day.


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The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 made sweeping changes to U.S. tax law. Given the magnitude of some of the changes, there are a number of changes relating to pass-through entities that may be overlooked. These changes are discussed below.
Under prior law, a partnership was terminated if no part of the business of the partnership continued to be carried on by any of its partners in a partnership. In addition, a "technical termination" of the partnership was deemed to occur if, within any 12-month period, there was a sale or exchange of 50% or more of the total interest in partnership capital and profits.
The new law, effective for partnership tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, eliminates the "technical termination" provision. Therefore, a partnership is only terminated when its partners no longer carry on any business in the partnership. This change is welcome relief for taxpayers who previously would have had to file a final and initial tax return and re-start asset depreciation periods, among other extremely inconvenient consequences of a technical termination.
The IRS previously took the position that the gain or loss of a foreign partner from a disposition of an interest in a partnership that conducts a trade or business through a fixed place of business or has a permanent establishment in the U.S. is taxable in the U.S. (Revenue Ruling 91-32). However, in Grecian Magnesite Mining, Industrial & Shipping Co., (2017) 149 TC No 3, the Tax Court rejected the IRS position and held that a foreign corporation's gain on the sale of an interest in a partnership that is engaged in a U.S. trade or business is not U.S. source income and is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. In other words, the Tax Court held that the gain on sale of such partnership interest was not subject to U.S. tax.
Under the new tax reform law, however, for sales and exchanges occurring on or after November 27, 2017, gain or loss from the sale or exchange of a partnership interest by a non-resident alien is subject to income tax in the U.S. The gain or loss is equal to the hypothetical effectively connected gain or loss the partnership would report if it sold all of its assets at fair market value as of the date of the sale or exchange. Any gain or loss from the hypothetical asset sale by the partnership must be allocated to interests in the partnership in the same manner as non-separately stated income and loss.
For sales, exchanges, and dispositions after December 31, 2017, the transferee (buyer) of a partnership interest must withhold 10% of the amount realized on the sale or exchange of a partnership interest unless the transferor (seller) certifies that the transferor is not a non-resident alien individual or foreign corporation.
This is a new requirement that must be satisfied in the case of any sale or exchange of a partnership interest. Therefore, sellers should be prepared to certify that they are not a non-resident alien individual or foreign corporation. Buyers should request such certification or withhold 10% at closing. Attorneys will presumably add these certification statements to their legal process for drafting documents to close such sales; however, buyers and sellers of partnership interests should be on notice regarding these new requirements.
Under prior law, the tax basis of partnership property was not adjusted as a result of a transfer of a partnership interest unless the partnership had made a step-up election under IRC §754, or the partnership had a substantial built-in loss at the time of the transfer. A "substantial built-in loss" exists if the partnership's tax basis in partnership assets exceeds the fair market value of the assets by more than $250,000 ("overall built-in loss"). In such cases, a mandatory step-down in the tax basis of the assets to fair market value is required.
The new law expands the mandatory step-down provision to include situations where a transferee partner would be allocated a loss of more than $250,000 if the partnership were to sell all of its assets at fair market value on the date the transferee partner is admitted, even if there is no overall built-in loss.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act provides that, in determining the amount of a partner's allowable loss, the partner's distributive share of partnership charitable contributions and taxes paid or accrued to foreign countries or U.S. possessions is taken into account.
With lower corporate tax rates, some profitable S-Corporations may wish to revisit the benefits of income deferral available through a C-Corporation structure. However, revocation of an S-Corporation election can have negative implications. The new law includes two important temporary changes related to such conversions.
Converting from an S-Corporation to a C-Corporation may result in a required change of accounting method (i.e. cash to accrual method), which could result in tax due. This tax due amount is referred to as a Section 481(a) adjustment and may typically be paid to the IRS over a 4 year period. Under the new law, the payback period is extended to 6 years and is available for existing S-Corporations that convert to a C-Corporation between December 22, 2017 and December 21, 2019 and maintain the same ownership as on December 22, 2017.
Under existing law, there is a one year period (the "PTTP") after converting from an S-Corporation to a C-Corporation whereby distributions of S-Corporation earnings which were already taxed at the shareholder level but not distributed by the time of a conversion to a C-Corporation are tax free. The amount of income eligible for tax-free treatment is tracked under the Accumulated Adjustment Account ("AAA") during the life as an S Corporation. The new law effectively allows for tax-free distributions of previously earned AAA beyond the PTTP time limit by allowing a pro-rata allocation of distributions between the previously earned AAA and the new C-Corporation's earnings and profits.
It should be noted that the benefit of either of these changes appears to apply only if the S-Corporation election is terminated and not revoked.


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DraftKings Teams with Triller to Become the Official Sports Betting Partner of Mike Tyson vs. Roy Jones Jr. Boxing Match
World Boxing Athletic Commission to Both Score and Determine Winner for November 28th Fight With Wagering Available via DraftKings
"A Knockout Will be a Win"
BOSTON, Nov. 25, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Today, DraftKings (Nasdaq: DKNG) has become the "Official Sports Betting Partner" of the upcoming boxing match contested between former undisputed heavyweight world champion, Mike Tyson, and former four-division world champion, Roy Jones Jr. The big event, which is scheduled for November 28, 2020, has partnered with DraftKings as its official sports betting partner (subject to state restrictions) along with a nationally available free-to-play pool. The bouts will all be sanctioned by CSAC and scored by the World Boxing Athletic Commission, who will additionally choose a winner based on pro-fighting rules. A knockout will also be considered a win.
"Viewers of this fight will be at the forefront of a premier and customer-first event that pits two generationally dominant boxing talents against one another while also integrating DraftKings branding and exclusive sportsbook data for a seamless second-screen experience," said Ezra Kucharz, chief business officer at DraftKings. "Sports betting technology has evolved exponentially since Mike Tyson or Roy Jones Jr. were crowned world champions, so seeing these legends now clash within this innovative era of our industry is something special."
Undercard sports betting on DraftKings will be available in Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey and Tennessee while bettors in Illinois, New Hampshire and New Jersey can wager on the main card and fans nationwide can enter a free-to-play pool for the match. Additionally, DraftKings branding will appear throughout the match's media day, weigh-in and boxing ring. As part of the sponsorship, DraftKings will also develop a "DraftKings Tale of the Bet" original series to capture sportsbook trends such as percentage of bets and handle, significant bet placements and unique market offers.
"We couldn't be happier to have DraftKings as the betting partner for the Tyson vs. Jones Jr. fight. This is an epic event we will all remember, and it is exciting to have the power and scale of DraftKings allow viewers to participate in a meaningful way," said Ryan Kavanaugh, a producer of the event.
Hosted by Mario Lopez, the highly-anticipated return of Mike Tyson and Roy Jones Jr. headlines the four-hour live event that will air globally on November 28th at 8pm ET, with the three-hour main card beginning at 9:00pm ET on Pay-Per-View through cable and satellite providers and PPV streaming on www.TysonOnTriller.com. Triller has also secured legendary musical guests, including DaBaby, Lil Wayne, French Montana, Wiz Khalifa, and YG with Ne-Yo set to perform the national anthem.
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DraftKings Teams with Triller to Become the Official Sports Betting Partner of Mike Tyson vs. Roy Jones Jr. Boxing Match World Boxing Athletic Commission to Both Score and Determine Winner for November 28th Fight With Wagering Available via DraftKings "A Knockout Will be a Win" BOSTON, Nov. 25, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) - Today, DraftKings (Nasdaq: DKNG) has become …
DraftKings Registered (A)
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