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Intersectionality in Theological Education
Intersectionality and Theological Education
by Nancy Ramsay, Brite Divinity School
As a theologian with particular interest in the public dimensions of pastoral theology, much of my scholarship, writing, and teaching focuses on ways to discern, analyze, and resist forms of difference treated oppressively in church and culture such as race, gender, sexuality, and class. My participation in programs sponsored by the Wabash Center provided me with opportunities to collaborate with colleagues in theological education to identify and develop pedagogical resources that enhance the effectiveness of our teaching. These pedagogies help faculty and students to recognize, resist, and transform interlocking systems of advantage that give rise to marginalizing practices. However, until recently, the theoretical grounding for those resources was shaped by modernist understandings of social identities as additive rather than simultaneous. This additive approach limited any analysis of the constructivist and intersecting nature of identity shaped by asymmetries of power. While we could name these interlocking inequities, identifying how they arise and are reproduced was more elusive. The consequences have limited the depth of analysis and possibilities for effective change.
In the last several years, I have embraced intersectionality as a theory that helps students and faculty better understand and engage with the complex, constructed, and intersecting simultaneity of identity and its entanglement with asymmetries of power. The theory helps us out of the quagmire of identity politics that was built on modernist approaches to social identity as additive, essential, and inevitably vulnerable to debates about hierarchical arrangements of oppression. It refuses such divisive hierarchies even as it insists on the analysis of the simultaneity of oppressive forces of intersecting asymmetries of power.
Intersectionality provides a far more adequate frame than earlier modernist models for equipping students for effective practice and richer analysis. I am convinced that it can also foster constructive theological engagement in areas such as theological anthropology and ethics. For example, my students and I find it opens up new possibilities for considering concepts such as embodiment, the tragic, sin, agency, and the imago dei.
It is important briefly to locate this theory historically, for although today it has wide use, it originated in the protest of African American women who insisted on the integrity of their social identities. Intersectional theory emerged in the post-Civil Rights era when Black feminists insisted that their social identities were neither divisible nor hierarchical, but co-constructed. Kimberlé Crenshaw (1989), a legal scholar, was the first to use the term to point out the legal consequences of simultaneous identities for Black women who were otherwise invisible in policies that addressed protections for men of color and women. Womanist scholars, international feminists, queer theorists, scholars of social work, social psychologists, gender and women's studies experts, and others have refined this insight and applied this analysis to other fields (Weber 2010, Collins 2000, Holvino 2010, Crenshaw 1989). Theologians benefit from the intersectional commitments of womanist theologians whose work points the way toward the value of this theoretical approach for ministry and religious scholarship (see, for example, Copeland 2010 and Townes 2006). True to its origins, this dynamic theory continues to be shaped by the voices of those whose social identities are marginalized by dominant cultures in the United States and Northern Europe.
Although there is considerable variation in intersectional theory, some key elements characterize most proposals. Briefly, I want to explore the way these assertions cohere to give the theory its intellectual and strategic force and how these descriptions form a "fit" with contemporary theological education.
Constructivist: Intersectional theorists maintain that each aspect of social identity (sexuality, race, class, gender, age, and so forth) is constructed by dynamic negotiation between individual agents and their social contexts. Identities are neither universally nor ahistorically defined.
Co-constructed: Not only are such aspects of identity constructed; they co-construct each other so that, for example, as one claims a gendered identity, that choice implies the gendered identity of others.
Intersecting or simultaneous rather than additive and hierarchical: These co-constructed features of identity are inseparable and interdependent. It is impossible to calculate the influence of one of them in the dynamism of identity. The performance of identity reveals the fluid simultaneity of social identity and the complexity involved in discerning which features are more salient in particular moments. It is not possible to arrange these simultaneous dimensions hierarchically. It is also important to note that in any given moment, one or more features of identity will be more prominent and likely shape strategic responses.
Geographically and historically variable: As a co-constructed reality, our social identities are invariably and deeply influenced by geographical and historical contexts. For example, this is demonstrated by the dynamic character of gender rules and roles for women across time and region in the United States. Even in the same historical period, normative expectations in regions of a single cultural context vary—as women and African Americans will attest.
Insinuated by interlocking domains of power: Because interlocking systems of advantage function best when obscured from view, an especially valuable aspect of intersectional theory is the importance it gives to naming power. It analyzes three interdependent power domains that shape identity: ideological, political, and economic. These domains create and extend rationales and practices that normalize treating forms of difference oppressively or as advantage. The ideological domain relies on the rhetoric of sources such as religion, media, and education. The political domain operates at a less visible level through the regimes of public policy established by local, state, and national legislatures. Deeply held ideologies that enact and reproduce systemic advantage and oppression easily become embedded in the outcomes of legislation regardless of its explicit language as famously demonstrated by the GI Bill following World War II. The economic domain designates how power insinuates itself in local, regional, and international economic practices such as those played out in mortgage rates, health care premiums, "fair trade," and international monetary policies.
Animated by social justice as telos: Though the theory is not shaped by any religious claims, intersectional theorists posit social justice as its primary goal. In other words, intersectionality is intentionally transformative in its vision and practice.
Theories of change: Some theorists describe dual strategies of individual and group conscientization of agency in a politicized context to leverage influence and disrupt the balances of power.
In my experience, intersectionality is a constructively, pedagogically, and strategically rich resource for theological education for both masters and doctoral students. Students find it accessible and engage it productively. In a doctoral seminar that focuses on issues of sexuality, gender, race, and class, this theory has deepened students' abilities to recognize the complexity of social identities deeply insinuated by asymmetries of power. I often begin with the students themselves. Intersectional analysis reveals the balances of advantage and oppression in their own social identities. They begin to recognize the complexity of enacting such identities simultaneously in different contexts where the salience of differences shifts. The theory helps students appreciate the accrued effect of domains of power either as advantage or oppressive marginalization. Intersectionality helps students lift the veil of obliviousness to the systemic advantages and patterns of oppression created and sustained by the domains of power. In my experience, this allows the theory to deconstruct the resistance of students who embrace the myth of meritocracy and support students who know the accrued force of oppressive marginalization from experience. Finally, it helps students think strategically about transformative change. In a master's level course, we were readily able to use the theory to inform the complex situations they encounter in ministry and particularly to shape responses to these challenges. Because intersectionality provides depth for understanding the complexity of human being and the pervasive ways asymmetries of power weave themselves into individual and relational life, I am introducing it as a resource in courses as diverse as Introduction to Pastoral Care; Responses to Experiences of Aging, Grief, and Loss; and Postcolonial Themes in Pastoral Care.
In a recent doctoral seminar on theological anthropology, students and I were intrigued by the ways intersectionality opened up constructive possibilities for deepening current scholarship around aspects of human being such as freedom and agency, imago dei, sin, the tragic, love, and justice. For example, we found the theory helped us imagine the complexity of identity and appreciate the challenge of exercising agency. We came to appreciate the difficulty of resisting the influence of domains of power and recognized in them ways sin amplifies brokenness at individual, relational, and structural levels. The tragic dimensions of accrued oppression were in sharper relief.
Given my enthusiasm, a word of caution is in order. While the intellectual power of this theory is compelling pragmatically, teaching it is not simple. For example, while simultaneity is readily apparent, trying to weigh the salience of various aspects of identity in a particular context quickly demonstrates that there are no shortcuts to doing one's homework. Effective practice presumes competence in scaffolding the particular narratives of harm that marginalize various forms of difference treated oppressively. It means recognizing the markers of privilege and tracing these advantages across centuries through domains of power. Students and I found literature and film were particularly useful media for practicing intersectional analysis. Case studies also helped students recognize the multiple evidences of differences constructed as advantage or oppression and their asymmetrical interactions.
While the theory clearly provides important advances for theological education, it is important to remember Gregory Bateson's caution that theories are only maps and not the territory. This theory remains dynamic; its construction is ongoing and revision is lively. There are at least two ways in which theological educators can contribute to the theory's development. It is widely critiqued for devoting limited attention to enacting the theory. Social ethicists and pastoral and practical theologians are accustomed to generating theory in the mix of lived experience, and our contributions in this area can be significant. Further, it is clear that religious identity is not benign. It shapes social identity as marginalization and privilege. The theological academy can make an important and timely contribution to discerning and responding to this aspect of identity and social justice.
I look forward to the ways this theory will enrich our theological imaginations and provide strategic resources for engaging the complexity of difference. It can help us explore the mystery and wonder of identity as the salience of features such as sexuality, race, gender, and class dynamically shift within asymmetries of advantage and marginalization. Because intersectionality foregrounds domains of power for closer analysis, hopefully it will promote more informed resistance.
Copeland, Mary Shawn. 2010. Enfleshing Freedom: Body, Race, and Being. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.
Crenshaw, Kimberlé. 1989. "Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics." University of Chicago Legal Forum: 139–67.
Collins, Patricia Hill. 2000. "Gender, Black Feminism, and Black Political Economy." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 568: 41–53.
Holvino, Evangelina. 2010. "Intersections: The Simultaneity of Race, Gender, and Class in Organization Studies." Gender, Work, and Organization 17 (3): 248–77.
Townes, Emilie M. 2006. Womanist Ethics and the Cultural Production of Evil. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Weber, Lynn. 2010. Understanding Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality: A Conceptual Framework. New York: Oxford University Press.
Nancy Ramsay is professor of pastoral theology and pastoral care at Brite Divinity School where she previously served as executive vice president and dean from June 2005 through May 2012. Previously she taught at Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary and served as the Harrison Ray Anderson Professor of Pastoral Theology. She is ordained in the Presbyterian Church (USA). Her most recent publications include "Intersectionality: A Model for Addressing the Complexity of Oppression and Privilege," in Pastoral Psychology (August 2014); "Faculty Colleagues as Allies in Resisting Racism," in Teaching for Diversity and Justice, Eleazar Fernandez, ed. (Wipf & Stock, 2013); and "Theological Education in a Secular Age: Challenges and Possibilities," in The Theologically Formed Heart, Warner Bailey, Lee Barrett, and James Duke, eds. (Pickwick, 2014).
Image: Plate XXX (Byzantine No. 3), The Grammar of Ornament by Owens Jones (1868; scanned from the 1910 reprint) London: Bernard Quaritch, via http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/DLDecArts.GramOrnJones.
 Download full-text PDF of this issue
Intersectionality in Theological Education: Engaging Complexity, Activism, and Multiple Consciousness
Jeanne Stevenson-Moessner, Perkins School of Theology
Making the Way Together
Emilie M. Townes, Vanderbilt University Divinity School
Nancy Ramsay, Brite Divinity School
Thinking at the Intersections of Theology and the Matrix of Differences: From Intersectionality to Interconnectivity
Robyn Henderson-Espinoza, Iliff School of Theology, University of Denver
Intersectionality and Disclosure as Pedagogical Tools
Kirk VanGilder, Gallaudet University
Intersections: A Zimbabwe-US Class
Maaraidzo E. Mutambara, Africa University
Traci C. West, Drew University Theological School
Performing Bodies in the Classroom: Multiple Identities and (Mis)Recognition
Heike Peckruhn, Iliff School of Theology, University of Denver


From Sarah : I would have called this dish Spaghetti Alla Puttanesca.
Everyone knows what spaghetti is.
From Italian puttanesca ("like a prostitute"), from puttana ("prostitute").
From Sarah : I can understand Number 1.
Various accounts exist as to when and how the dish originated, but it likely dates to the mid-twentieth century. The earliest known mention of it is in Raffaele La Capria's Ferito a Morte (Mortal Wound), a 1961 Italian novel which mentions "spaghetti alla puttanesca come li fanno a Siracusa (spaghetti alla puttanesca as they make it in Syracuse)". The sauce became popular in the 1960s, according to the Professional Union of Italian Pasta Makers.
The 1971 edition of the Cucchiaio d'argento (The Silver Spoon), one of Italy's most prominent cookbooks, has no recipe with this name, but two which are similar: The Neapolitan spaghetti alla partenopea, is made with anchovies and generous quantities of oregano; while spaghetti alla siciliana is distinguished by the addition of green peppers. Still again there is a Sicilian style popular around Palermo that includes olives, anchovies and raisins.
In a 2005 article from Il Golfo—a daily newspaper serving the Italian islands of Ischia and Procida—Annarita Cuomo asserted that sugo alla puttanesca was invented in the 1950s by Sandro Petti, co-owner of Rancio Fellone, a famous Ischian restaurant and nightspot. According to Cuomo, Petti's moment of inspiration came when—near closing one evening—Petti found a group of customers sitting at one of his tables. He was low on ingredients and so told them he didn't have enough to make them a meal. They complained that it was late and they were hungry. "Facci una puttanata qualsiasi," or "Make any kind of garbage," they insisted.a[›] Petti had nothing more than four tomatoes, two olives and some capers—the basic ingredients for the sugo, "So I used them to make the sauce for the spaghetti," Petti told Cuomo. Later, Petti included this dish on his menu as spaghetti alla Puttanesca.
Sometimes dinner needs to come from a box or a tin or a jar or, if you are making The New Basics pasta Puttanesca, all of the above.
A few weeks ago, my neighbor, the one who introduced me to The Moosewood tomato salsa, strolled by the house, casually noting she was making a big pot of Puttanesca, and wondered if we would like to join her. Well, as you can imagine, we did, and we gobbled up every olive, caper and strand of the spaghetti clinging to the pot.


Our thermal spa, entrusted to qualified professionals and under medical supervision, is the ideal place to experience the benefits of mud bath therapy in Abano Terme.
The treatment is divided into 4 main phases and lasts about 40 minutes, followed by a massage. The main element is the matured mud, containing anti-inflammatory and analgesic principles. This natural element, used for the prevention and slowing of pathologies linked to the joints or as a result of trauma, is applied directly to the skin.
Phase 1: in the room assigned to you, the operator will have you lie down on the bed and proceed with the application of thermal mud, following the indications regarding temperature, duration and areas to avoid as per your doctor's indications.
Phase 2: the operator wraps your body with blankets to reduce heat loss.
Phase 3: after 15-20 minutes, the operator removes the mud. Next is a shower to clean off and a bath of about 10 minutes in thermal water (36-38 ° C), which completes the relaxation phase of the muscles and stimulates the biochemical reactions of the body.
Phase 4: the treatment ends with a reaction phase in the relaxation area, poolside or in the room, during which the heat absorbed is released and the stimulation process continues.
Phase 5: to amplify the benefits, a therapeutic massage can be added, aimed at improving circulation, mobilizing joints and tissues and promoting the elimination of metabolic waste.


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Q: How to get a list of favorite contacts with android sdk? The question is "How to get a list of favorite contacts with android sdk?". Now I am using android v1.5.
Thanks.

A: See: Intent URI to go to favorite contacts

A: Cursor cursor = this.managedQuery(
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    new String[] {"1"}, null);

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                        ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI,
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1 - yes,
0 - no

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
WASHINGTON, Nov. 15 /Christian Newswire/ -- Paul Diamond, a British barrister specializing in religious liberty, will participate in a November 16 press conference preceding a protest of the newly expanded federal hate-crimes law outside the U.S. Justice Department. The press conference will begin at 1:30 PM.
An expert on the impact of hate-crime laws on religious liberty, Diamond works with the Christian Legal Centre in England. The Centre promotes and protects the freedoms of Bible-believing Christians in the United Kingdom.
Diamond's cases have included representing: a Christian teenager who wore a "purity ring" at school, an employee of British Airways who was told she could not wear a cross at work, and a Christian magistrate who wished to be exempted from placing a child in a same-sex household. He regularly provides advice to Christians who have been discriminated against for expressing their beliefs.
Others who will speak out for First Amendment rights at the November 16 event include: Bishop E.W. Jackson of STAND America (an African-American cleric on the board of Exodus International, which ministers to homosexuals who wish to leave the lifestyle), Brian Camenker of Mass Resistance (who's fought the homosexual agenda in the Bay State for more than a decade), Dr. Gary Cass of the Christian Anti-Defamation Commission, and Jim Garlow, a leader of the Prop 8 battle in California, which overturned judicially imposed gay marriage in the Golden State.
On October 28, President Barack Obama signed into law a measure extending the federal hate crimes statute to include so-called sexual orientation. The ministers who will be speaking out on November 16 believe this will criminalize all criticism of homosexual conduct, including that contained in the Bible.
To test this belief and protest a clear violation of First Amendment freedom of speech and religion, various clergy will preach short sermons and read passages from the Bible regarding homosexual behavior. Like Dr. Martin Luther King and the Sixties Civil Rights movement, they will engage in civil disobedience to protest injustice.
Legal challenges to the unconstitutional law may also be announced at that time. Mat Staver, Esq., founder and president of Liberty Counsel and dean of Liberty Law School, has been retained as their counsel and will be present at the press conference preceding the event.
Pastor Rick Scarborough, president of Vision America Action, commented, "We are heartened that a distinguished barrister like Paul Diamond, who has litigated extensively for religious freedom in the U.K., will travel across the Atlantic to uphold the same principle in the United States."
For more information or to schedule background interviews, contact Misty Allmond at 866-522-5582 or visionamerica1@yahoo.com or Dr. Gary Cass at 866-508-2232 or drgarycass@christianadc.org
Eingestellt von Andreas Klamm, Journalist (3mnewswire.org / MJB Mission News, ISSN 1999-8414) um 2:01 AM
Labels: British Barrister to Speak at November 16 Hate-Crimes Protest at Justice Department
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In my thirty plus years in dentistry, I have never seen a more concerted effort by a specialty group in dentistry to discredit, to distort and to misrepresent the efforts of a man who has been a giant contributor to the bulk of knowledge of dental disease, dental caries even more than periodontal disease. For forty plus years Keyes' contributions to my profession, dentistry dwarfs the achievements of 99% of us.
We should be paying homage to this giant of a man and certainly by this time in his life, he has earned his recognized stature as a man of unquestioned integrity and honesty in his research, in his writings and in what he has to say. Would that the same could be said of all researchers.
Too, Dr. Keyes is a man of the people first, and his basic commitment is to humankind rather than being focused solely on the best interests of dentistry. This clearly antagonizes a great many in our profession. Every dentist does not want nor long for effective and simplistic answers to the major diseases dentistry deals with – even if they do exist.
It seems to me that my specialty, periodontics, is currently in a state of panic, in large part secondary to the efforts, the contributions, the observations and the periodontal treatment programs Dr. Keyes currently espouses.
My colleagues are especially in a state of anxiety I believe, because like it or not, Dr. Keyes' programs really do work – at least as well, and I believe better than the treatment regimes advocated and used by periodontists heretofore.
And Dr. Keyes' programs not only work, but at far less cost to the patient — without surgery; with far less pain to the patient; without the patient outraged tooth sensitivity periodontal surgery tends to develop; with more effective maintenance, via microscopic monitoring, than periodontal surgery regimes; and in my experience, with fewer subsequent relapses and case failures than any other approach to periodontal treatment I have been associated with previously.
I have tried very hard to understand why periodontists, generally, should be so hostile to Dr. Keyes, a man who has contributed so much over forty years and a man who has a better and a more effective methodology in treating periodontal-pathologic problems today than have his peers.
Part of the answer, I think, is in the fact that Dr. Keyes represents to a great many periodontists, a most imposing threat to take from them their Bard Parkers; their Orban and Goldman knives; their bone burs and chisels, etc. — and more important than any of theses, their very large and impressive periodontal incomes.
Actually, this is a considerable reason to be upset with Dr. Keyes, I concede.
Beyond this, there is an integral part of Dr. Keyes' writings that Dr. Chase and other periodontists who are outspoken critics of D. Keyes fail to mention. It has to do with Dr. Keyes' observation that using the conservative therapeutic programs he recommends, the general dentist can treat the great majority of the periodontal patients out to "high-fee" and "knife-happy" periodontists.
Herein, I believe, really lies the rub where Dr. Keyes is concerned. Nothing would exacerbate outspoken hostility among periodontists more quickly than the realistic and valid suggestion that the general dentist can treat the majority of his patients using the conservative treatment Dr. Paul Keyes espouses, and by-pass referring his patients to the "cut-'em-ups".


The objectives of this project are to develop the knowledge necessary to make accurate predictions of the response of species and their ecosystems to climate change.
We propose to down-scale predictions from a suite of coupled Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) to make regional scale predictions for the southeastern United States. For the time being the hydrologic and biologic models are confined to Florida. Climate outputs will then be used as inputs to a suite of species / habitat / ecosystem models that are currently being used in two key areas: the Greater Everglades and Suwannee River-Big Bend as a proof of concept that down-scaled climate results can work in ecological forecast models. We will run three scenarios of Land Use/Land Cover (LULC): past (circa 1900), present, and future (2041-2070). Additional climate model runs will address the contribution of green house gasses to climate variability and change over the Florida peninsula. Model perturbation experiments will be performed to address sources of variability and their contribution to the output regional climate change scenarios. We will develop scenarios that specifically address potential changes in temperature (land and near sea surface) and rainfall fields over the peninsula. We will then provide these scenarios and modeling results to resource management groups (NGOs, state and federal) via workshops in which the scenarios will be used to predict responses of additional selected species, habitats and ecosystems.
Our approach is to develop regional climate predictions and subsequent ecological predictions for two 30-year long time periods as well as for the present. The first 30-year period is the recent past, spanning the period from 1971-2000. This will be used as a control, with copious observations of both climate variables (e.g. rainfall, ET) and species (e.g. densities, ranges) to verify both climate and ecology model outputs and to serve as a baseline to systematically judge the impacts of an altered climate. The second 30-year time period will begin 30 years in the future and extend for the thirty years from 2041-2070. This is a time horizon that is immediately relevant to habitat management.
La Florida, the "Land of Flowers" straddles the latitudes that form the northern hemisphere's desert belt. Florida's uniqueness lies in the fact it is a long narrow peninsula surrounded on three sides by warm water. How will Florida's biodiversity respond to a changing climate? Which species and habitats will increase and which will decrease? What role does human induced land use / land cover (LULC) change play? Before these questions can be answered, accurate regional climate change scenarios must be developed.
The Florida peninsula is long and narrow (700 x 150 km) and separates the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico from those of the southeast Atlantic Ocean. This juxtaposition results in an incredibly variable, heterogeneous climate, with mean annual rainfall exceeding 150 cm in most parts of the state, but also includes frequent regional droughts. Peninsular Florida is unique in that it spans the temperate/sub-tropical boundary, and will be a key region to monitor as the freeze line shifts due to climate change. A comprehensive evaluation of the uncertainties in the regional climate projections for peninsular Florida is necessary to plan for future risk mitigation strategies and adapt to any changes from anthropogenic influence of climate. Such a comprehensive regional climate change study has not been conducted, and could be used for initiating policies and planning activities for conserving Florida's biodiversity and resource management (Scott, 2008).
Florida has been highly impacted by land use and land cover change (LULC) since the turn of the century. Given such evidence from observations and previous modeling studies (Marshall, C. H., Jr, et al, 2004; Pielke, R.A. Et al, 1999; and Zhao, M. et al, 2001), there is motivation to understand the impact of LULC on regional climate projections in addition to changes that result of increasing greenhouse gas concentrations.
This project is designed to examine two areas of Florida that are particularly vulnerable to climate change: the Greater Everglades of south Florida and the Suwannee River / Big Bend region on the west coast. These two ecosystems provide an opportunity to compare the effects of climate change on a highly impacted/tropical system and a relatively unimpacted/subtropical system. The Florida Everglades have been heavily impacted by urban development, a large network of drainage canals that resulted in drastic changes to water flow, altered wetland plant communities, and spread of non-native plants and animals. The Suwannee River is the largest river in the eastern US with no dams or water control structures. It is a relatively pristine aquatic ecosystem with comparatively natural hydrology, aquatic plant composition, and relatively few non-native species. The system is also located near the freeze line and thus is likely to be impacted by small changes in temperature.
Pielke, Roger A., Sr.; Steyaert, Louis T.; Willard, Debra A.
Walko, R. L.; Steyaert, L. T.; Vidale, P. L.; Liston, G. E.; Lyons, W. A. Chase, T. N.
Pitman, A. J.; Chase, T. N.
This report is from the Climate Change Summit held October 1-3, 2008 in Orlando, FL.
Tomlinson, S. A.; Tillis, G.
Collingham, Y. C.; Willis, S. G.; Gregory, R. D.; Smith, K. W.; Huntley, B.
Crumpacker, D. W.; Hardin, D. E.
An ongoing international project, the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) is dynamically downscaling the Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model (AOGCM) for the North American region. Our project will conduct a similar regional climate change study for peninsular Florida that will parameterize the hydrology, plant, and animal models.
We will use the Regional Spectral Model (RSM) as our regional climate model. It was developed at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP; Juang and Kanamatsu, 1994) and is maintained at the Experimental Climate Prediction Center (ECPC) at UCSD (Kanamaru and Kanmitsu, 2007).
We will downscale three of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 4th Assessemnt Report (IPCC-AR4) AOGCM's: Community Climate System Model version 3.0 (CCSM3.0), Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory version 2.1 (GFDL2.1), Hadley Centre Coupled Model version 3 (HadCM3). These AOGCM's are part of the NARCCAP and their outputs have been stored at 6 hourly intervals, which is essential for nesting in the regional climate model. AOGCM outputs beginning from 2001 are not yet available. As useable outputs become available we will attempt to incorporate them. For the present, we will use data available through 2000. The RSM will be nested into these three AOGCM's for the current period (1971-2000) and for the future period (2041-2070) forced with the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A2 scenario for the 21st century (IPCC). For each downscaled model integration we will conduct pre-industrial (Goldewijk, 2001), present (ISLSCP-II) and projected land cover (UCAR) scenarios. This combination of 2 30yr periods, by 3 LULCs, by 3 models provides a total of 540 years of modeled climate output. For all these model integrations we propose to use the Sea Surface Temperature from the corresponding AOGCM linearly interpolated to the RSM grid.
Several approaches will be used in applying the down-scaled climate predictions to forecasts of potential ecological effects for species, habitats and ecosystems of concern to resource managers. These will include all of the models described above, climate envelope models and Bayesian statistical methods for handling uncertainty. The Across Trophic Level System Simulation (ATLSS), Spatially-Explicit Species Index (SESI), and Individually Based Models (IBMs) for American alligator, snail kite, American crocodile, and the Florida manatee and functional groups in southern Florida as well as the new Suwannee models all use vegetation succession model and hydrological inputs. Hydrologic inputs are provided by landscape hydrology models that work on a relevant scale of spatial resolution (e.g., 500 x 500 m or similar scale pixels based on species life history). These inputs include at least daily water depths, and sometimes, additionally, salinity and temperature, in a pixel. These hydrologic data for the ecological models will be provided by the Tides and Inflows to the Mangrove Ecotone (TIME) model (Swain, 2005; Swain and Decker, 2008; Swain et al, 2003) and the Lower Suwannee River hydrologic model (Bales et al, 2006). TIME will itself be driven by 10 x 10 km precipitation and temperature data over a 30-year time frame. The Suwannee River model will be updated to reflect current and future conditions.
Habitat suitability models: These include the ATLSS SESI models for Cape Sable seaside sparrow, short and long legged wading birds, the white tailed deer, the American alligator, and Florida panther. Also included will be the "sea grass distribution" model. Similar habitat/species index models will be developed for the Suwannee including amphibians (based on an existing model developed for the SW Florida Feasibility Study in the Everglades), rodents, and raptors. These data will be collected at present conditions to develop relationships for future habitat changes. To the extent possible, the Everglades models will be reparameterized to the Suwannee basin for comparison to the southern modeling domain.
Stage-based & individual-based population models: We will use the climate change scenarios to explore changes to the American alligator population in the Everglades using the ATLSS Alligator Population Model. This model will be updated and used for the Suwannee basin as well. We will also develop a new fish model with data from current monitoring and fish community data from Fish and Wildlife Commission (FWC) from the last 12 years. We will analyze the fish and amphibian data and link them with the hydrology model to the habitat metrics (plant types) and fish and amphibian community metrics. Outputs from the model will include indicator species that support important fisheries (e.g., red drum, largemouth bass), vulnerable species (e.g., Gulf sturgeon), and nongame species (river frog) of potential value for assessing and monitoring long-term change associated with diminished freshwater flows and increased salinity and/or sea-level rise. Individual-based models will be similarly developed using climate inputs. Species to be included are: snail kite, American crocodile, and the manatee.
Climate envelope models (CEMs) for vegetation: Subsets of important vegetation types will be analyzed using climate envelope models (Green et al, 2008). These Include cypress, several pines, oaks, tropical hardwoods and mangroves. CEMs have been developed for some of these groups in the past, but at a scale 100x larger than our proposed work (Box et al, 1999). Our models should be a significant improvement for use by resource managers. Additionally we will examine the climate response of invasive plant species such as Brazilian pepper, Melaleuca, Australian pine, and climbing fern. Output from the GCM down-scaling will serve as input to the envelope models.
Lastly, amphibian and reptile population data from the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) network sites in Florida will also be analyzed via climate envelope modeling techniques.
Ecological and hydrological models also have uncertainties due to methods of parameter estimations. We can estimate uncertainties by several methods. Within a climate-species scenario uncertainty can be estimated using a brute-force sensitivity analyses, where each input parameter is varied and the contribution to total output variance due to each parameter is calculated. Likewise uncertainty between different climate scenarios for each species can be estimated by comparing grids of habitat distributions derived from each scenario. The grid for each scenario will have a mean or best estimate of habitat suitability values, and the difference between each scenario and a reference scenario will provide an index of the uncertainty. Finally, we can add an estimate of model fidelity through data analysis and model-data comparison. The data analysis will capture the internal system variability that is not resolved by the models and the model-data comparison will identify the magnitude of model errors.
An initial training workshop will be held during the first year of the project.
To inform resource managers and cooperators about progress for the year, we will conduct yearly technology transfer workshops. These will be informal workshops designed to encourage questions and answers between the PI's and resource managers. This annual 1-day workshop will be held toward the end of each fiscal year in a central location.
We propose to hold a technical workshop as part of an international scientific meeting, specifically the Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation International Biennial Conference in 2011 in Daytona Beach, FL.


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Kingsley Ben-Adir Talks Marvel Training to Keep 'Secret Invasion's Secrets
Marvel Studios has been infamous for trying to keep a tight-lip on all their projects. Still, sometimes things find their way online. There are bigger rumors, such as Black Panther: Wakanda Forever to introduce the world to Namor the Sub-Mariner, or the small tidbit here and there. We've wondered if they'd start tightening up security on their projects, and it seems they are very adamant about keeping Secret Invasion as much of a secret as they can.
We learned back in March that Kingsley Ben-Adir will play a villainous role in the Disney+ series. Of course, people have been using the chance to find out who exactly he is playing. At the 2021 GQ Men of the Year awards, he was interviewed on the series but gave a rather interesting answer. It seems that Marvel Studios is training their actors to keep a tight lip on their projects.
We're figuring it out at the moment. They've been training us not to talk for like six months. As soon as you asked that, I've just got in my head this Marvel robot saying, 'Don't talk, don't say anything, say nothing, lie.' So I don't know.
Kingsley Ben-Adir
There's a good chance this is also reactionary by Marvel Studios due to some actors openly talking about spoilers. Alfred Molina famously outright confirmed his return to Spider-Man: No Way Home back in April, which most likely also sparked his appearance in the film's first trailer. There was also the time Russel Crowe openly talked about playing Zeus in Thor: Love and Thunder without a care in the world. A project with the title Secret Invasion might require an extra amount of secrecy to ensure it releases spoiler-free.
Source: Twitter via The Direct
Image's 'Saga' is back in 2022!
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Sam Neill Returns as "Odin" in More 'THOR: LOVE AND THUNDER' Set Photos
Over the past day, we've seen the cast of Asgaridan thespians from Thor: Ragnarok return to the set…


It is my sincere wish that you find what you are looking for, a piece of artwork that you will cherish for the rest of your life. Art is something that needs to be shared. It isn't just meant for the artist. Art can express things that words can not. It can reach deep down inside of you and expose feelings that you didn't know you had or that you have been neglecting. I hope my work can bring out emotions in you like they do in me when I create them. Paintings tell a story to me, but the moment I share them with you the stories become yours to interpret however you choose. Art can act as a mirror revealing what is inside you. Some work makes you hate or dislike it; while others make you reach deep down inside, connecting with you, becoming a part of your soul. Imagine more, see, feel, love...the color of your soul.
All content © 2011, Jonathon Melhus. All rights reserved.


Hey, didja hear that Charlie's Angels is coming to comics?
It's true. Dynamite Comics, whose forte is licensed and public-domain characters, has scooped up the rights to the '70s TV megahit and Issue #1 — by John Layman and Joe Eisma — is due 6/13.
Not only that, there's a special variant cover by illustrator Dave Dorman that will be exclusive to the Salt City Comic-Con in Syracuse, N.Y., on July 7-8.
Only 800 copies will be printed. It will be on sale at the show and will also come with VIP packages. (Click here for more info.) Dorman will be one of the top comics/art guests in case you want to get it signed.
That's the Carrier Dome, one of upstate New York's best-known landmarks, on the cover with the Angels.
"Syracuse is really stepping up to embrace this convention and the fans," Catto added.


For information/digital products, the used goods market has been viewed as a threat by producers. However, it is not clear if this view is justified because the used goods market also provides owners with an opportunity to sell their products. To investigate the impact of the used goods market on new goods sales, we collect a unique data set from the Japanese video game market. Based on the data, we develop and estimate a new dynamic structural model of consumers' buying and selling decisions. The estimation results show that potential buyers' consumption value from a game deteriorates by 50% from the release week to the second week, and game owners' consumption value deteriorates by 22-49% after the first week of ownership and the rate depends on game characteristics. Examination of the cross-price elasticities suggests that the elasticities tend to be high especially when the used-game inventory at retailers is low, but they quickly decrease as the inventory is accumulated. Using the estimates, we quantify the impact of eliminating the used game market on publishers' profits and consumer welfare. We find that this policy would increase publishers' profits by 2%, but reduce the consumer surplus by 19% if publishers do not adjust their prices. However, if they adjust prices optimally, it would increase the profits by 78%, and also increase the consumer surplus by 141% due to lower new prices.


text:
Impact, SDG Series
Positive Peace is the framework that transforms societies
by Elyse Popplewell
Since the global wars of the 20th century, there has been a focus on ensuring the world never sees such widespread conflict again. Institutions like the League of Nations and its successor the United Nations sprung to be houses of peace negotiations. Formal commitments followed, with nations signing and ratifying international documents. The second half of the 20th Century had an international focus on preventing a repeat episode of these tragedies even while struck by the paralysis of threatening nuclear war.
Now, humanity is facing challenges unparalleled in history. New global issues call for new global solutions. Climate change, decreasing biodiversity, over-population and new technology present complex and multidimensional challenges. Necessarily, the world must reframe its focus to invest in opportunities to thrive, rather than focusing on delivery responses to threat. The solution to these issues is positive prevention techniques, rather than emergency responsive approaches.
PHOTO CREDIT: Annie Spratt
Positive Peace provides a new way of conceptualising the way communities can develop in order to sustain peace or to recover from conflict. The focus is too often on responding to violence or the threat of violence. The Institute for Economics and Peace empirically derived the Positive Peace schema to address the lack of prevailing guidelines countries could use in their journey towards meeting peace goals. Positive Peace puts forward the framework for investment in the presence of attitudes, institutions and structures that create and sustain peaceful societies.
Positive Peace investment promotes the optimum environment for human potential to flourish: in a personal, societal, and economic sense. Grasping Positive Peace doesn't only prevent violence. Many desirable characteristics of society ensue with robust investment in Positive Peace, like a thriving economic environment and low levels of corruption. The Institute for Economics and Peace produces an annual Positive Peace Index that ranks 163 countries on their commitment to levels as peace, as well as a Positive Peace Report. The pillars of Positive Peace are closely tied with all of the Sustainable Development Goals, especially Goal 16: Promote just, peaceful, and inclusive societies. There are eight pillars of Positive Peace.
PHOTO CREDIT: Institute for Economics and Peace
To fully grasp Positive Peace, one must understand the inextricable nature of the pillars. When one pillar improves, it's expected another should improve in tandem. The elements of Positive Peace are cohesive because they target key elements of society: attitudes, institutions, and structures. For example, high levels of human capital will likely result in a sound business environment. The greater "stock" of potential a society has from increased education, health, and youth development; the more economic value the citizens possess. Yet High Human Capital and Strong Business Environments are enabled through a Well-Functioning Government. Each pillar can act as a driver for the growth in another pillar. A statistical evidence to this is the IEP analysis of corruption demonstrates that 80 percent of countries scoring poorly in Low Levels of Corruption, also score poorly in High Levels of Human Capital. The pillars are interdependent.
However, IEP's research has found that unequal progress in Positive Peace may have negative effects. For example, the increased allocation of funds to education for youth development improves the High Levels of Human Capital pillar. Though, if the economy is not healthy enough to absorb this educated generation into the market then grievances may develop. A market flooded with university graduates without jobs may have an effect of radicalisation. This is a grievance militant organisations in the Middle East and North Africa leverage for youth recruitment.
It would be remiss to suggest that simply throwing money at the eight pillars of Positive Peace will sustain peace or recover communities in a context of conflict. The investment in the pillars has a timely connection to their stage of transformation into peacefulness.
An apt case study here is Nepal. After a decade-long internal conflict, a Comprehensive Peace Agreement was signed in 2006 marking the cessation of violence. The majority of violence stopped. Anyone could note that in comparison to the years before, Nepal was peaceful. Nepal was characterised by the presence of Negative Peace. In order to sustain a society resistant to the threat of violence, investment in Positive Peace is necessary. The Nepalese progress towards Positive Peace was driven by focusing on the weakest pillar: Free Flow of Information. This impacts how informed citizens are, and the rationality that crises are responded to with.
In 1990, there was just one Nepalese radio station, and one television channel. By 2014, Nepal had 515 radio stations and 58 TV channels. Peaceful countries have free and independent media that disseminates information in a way that leads to greater openness and helps society and individuals to work cohesively. By 2014, Nepal's phone subscription rate reached 83 per 100 people. A 59 percent increase of mobile phone subscriptions over a five year period has supported Nepal's Positive Peace progress. By investing in an individual pillar, Free Flow of Information, Nepal has also seen marked progress in the pillars Acceptance of the Rights of Others, and Equal Distribution of Resources. By equipping a community with quality, free and accessible information, the citizens are afforded a chance at resilience to crisis. Thus, Nepal has moved away from being a community characterised only by the absence of violence. Instead, Nepal is characterised by a commitment to attitudes, structures, and institutions of Positive Peace.
For the purpose of looking at the economic benefit of the Positive Peace pillars, we can turn to Rwanda. In 1994, an estimated 800,000 Rwandans were killed, and 3 million were displaced, in the space of 100 days in internal conflict. The genocide was enabled by a structurally flawed society. About 85 percent of Rwandans were part of the Hutu ethnic group. The minority that had long held power, the Tutsis, were targeted by Hutu extremists. The country was devastated and society crumbled.
IN THE PHOTO: Rwandan children dance in a circle in the shadow of one of several volcanoes which loom over the Rwandan refugee camps March 15, 1995. PHOTO CREDIT: REUTERS/Corinne Dufka
The Rwandan recovery continues to be held as a positive example in the international community. The current President Paul Kagame has been hailed for the rapid economic growth of the tiny African country, achieved through investment in Positive Peace tenets. In a state of recovery, Rwanda invested significantly in education and health. By 2005, the primary school enrolment rate had reached 95 percent. This statistic is a testament to the economic and social benefit of investment in human capital, as the percentage of the population living in poverty decreased from 78 percent to 57 percent in the same period. It dropped further to 39 percent in 2014. Economically this has been incredibly fruitful. Rwanda's GDP has grown nearly 9 percent annually from 1995 to 2014.
The crucial nature of peace to global development is underscored by Goal 16 of the SDGs: Peace, Justice, and Governance. The pillars of Positive Peace provide guidance about the active steps towards achieving these goals on a local and global scale. Countries evolve in unique ways and paces, hence the need to be understood and practically nurtured towards peace. Once a commitment to Positive Peace has been established, a virtuous cycle of improvement and support for peaceful structures begins.
NOTE: THE OPINIONS EXPRESSED HERE BY IMPAKTER.COM COLUMNISTS ARE THEIR OWN, NOT THOSE OF IMPAKTER.COM.
FEATURED PHOTO CREDIT: Alice Donovan Rouse on Unsplash
Institute for Economics and Peace, peacemaking, Positive Peace
About the Author / Elyse Popplewell
Elyse Popplewell is a Sydney based writer passionate about sharing narratives. With a study career in Australia and Europe, and a traveller's desire for everywhere in between, Elyse chases adventures. The written word is the way she researches and shares her passion for education, sexual rights, the environment, women's rights, culture and peace building.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Socio-Economic Development
Why did the COVID-19 pandemic spread so quickly among the most developed nations in the world? The COVID-19
Israel's new capital: 'a recognition of reality'?
Israel was created in 1948. Which means that in the conscious life of every baby boomer, Jerusalem
NGO & Charities, Philanthropy, Politics & Foreign Affairs, SDG Series, Society
Let's talk about War and Peace! with Steve Killelea
Steve Killelea is an impressively accomplished man, from tech to peace. Business wise, he is extremely successful.


When designing widgets that manage a set of descendant controls (i.e. buttons in a toolbar, tabs in a tablist, menuitems in a menu, etc.) it is important to limit the number of descendants in the browser's default tab flow. The fewer number of descendants in the default tab flow, the easier it is for keyboard users to navigate between widgets by pressing the tab key. When a widget has focus it should provide a set of shortcut keys (typically the arrow keys) to move focus among its descendants.
To this end, the Focus Manager Node Plugin makes it easy to define a Node's focusable descendants, define which descendant should be in the default tab flow, and define the keys that move focus among each descendant. Additionally, as the CSS :focus pseudo class is not supported on all elements in all browsers, the Focus Manager Node Plugin provides an easy, cross-browser means of styling focus.
To include the source files for FocusManager Node Plugin and its dependencies, first load the YUI seed file if you haven't already loaded it.
To manage the focus of each button in the toolbar, start by retrieving a Node instance representing the toolbar's root element (<div id="toolbar-1">). Next, call the Node's plug method, passing in a reference to the Focus Manager Node Plugin (Y.Plugin.NodeFocusManager) as the first argument, followed by an object literal of configuration attributes as the second.
Use the descendants configuration attribute to specify the child nodes of the root node whose focus is to be managed. The descendants configuration attribute accepts a string representing a CSS selector, making it very easy to identify the elements whose focus should be managed. For the toolbar, a value of "input" will be passed as the value of the descendants configuration attribute.
//  passing in a reference to the Focus Manager Node Plugin.
Use the circular configuration attribute to indicate that focus should be directed to the first or last descendant when the user has navigated to the first or last descendant.
The activeDescendant attribute represents which of the Focus Manager's descendants is either currently focused or is focusable (tabIndex attribute is set to 0). As the user moves focus among the Focus Manager's defined descendants, the activeDescendant configuration attribute is updated to remain in sync with the currently focused descendant.
The activeDescendant configuration attribute can be set two different ways: via markup or via script. To set the activeDescendant configuration attribute via markup, simply set the tabIndex attribute to 0 for the element that should be considered the active descendant. If the tabIndex attribute isn't set on any of the descendants the active descendant will be set to 0, or the index of the first enabled descendant. The following example shows how to make the second button in the toolbar the active descendant.
The activeDescendant configuration attribute can also be set via the object literal of configuration attributes passed to the plug method.
The activeDescendant configuration attribute can also be set at runtime via the set method.
One of the challenges to styling the focus state of HTML elements is that support for the CSS :focus pseudo class is limited to the a element in Internet Explorer. To fix this problem, the Focus Manager Node Plugin provides a focusClass configuration attribute that makes it easy to style focus across all elements in all browsers.
As demonstrated in the example, the function passed as the value of the fn property is passed a reference to the currently focused descendant. That Node reference is then used to return the Node to which the class name is to be applied.
//  (this won't change the "focused" attribute, meaning the "focusedChange"
//  and causing the "focusedChange" event handler to be called.
While it is possible to use the Focus Manager Node Plugin to manage focus among descendants of any type, it is recommended to use it with elements that are natively in the the browser's default tab flow. Doing so provides two primary benefits: The first is that your code will work in all popular browsers, since some browsers don't support the tabIndex attribute on all elements. Sticking with the elements that natively support tabIndex as defined in the HTML 4.01 specification will ensure better cross-browser keyboard support.
The second benefit is that by using the set of natively focusable HTML elements, users of screen readers will still perceive the Focus Manager's defined descendants as actionable/clickable elements.


Drew Barrymore & Will Kopelman wedding details REVEALED!
Hollywood superstar Drew Barrymore tied the knot for the third time over the weekend, marrying fiance Will Kopelman in an intimate, star-studded ceremony in California.
It's thought the bride, pregnant with the couple's first child, walked down the aisle in front of friends and family at the low-key Jewish ceremony, held at her sprawling ranch in Montecito on Saturday.
And for her big day dress? According to insiders, Drew chose a stunning Chanel gown pleated in muslin and organza for her special moment, and walked down the aisle surrounded by hydrangeas, small irises, cream and pink roses and lavender lilies.
According to insiders, guests enjoyed a pre-wedding cocktail party on the lawn of Drew's Montecito mansion, before witnessing an emotional 45-minute ceremony, under the cover of a marquee.
It's thought the pair chose an 80s-themed band for their reception, and danced the night away, before leaving in classic Mercedes, bedecked with streamers, at 2am.


Enabled SQL*Developer on Windows to acquire group policy settings from the registry would be helpful. This would enable shutting down features no used in the organization; or required setup for features to work.
An example would be to force the application to use the 'thick' client instead of JDBC to enable the use of Radius authentication as natively the JDBC seup does not read the sqlnet.ora for it's connection settings.


I thought I'd share this with you. I love this fun little video.
Unfortunately, the flight attendants on my favourite airline are wearing golf shirts, shorts, ankle socks and Reebok's. They're wonderful to me but the wardrobe could be much nicer.


Micro Optical Methods has a considerable micro- and related in-house library. A list of titles will be placed on this website soon. Images and text from our library can be provided upon request. Current copyrighted material will not be provided unless the client is a legitimate educational institution. Photocopies of illustrations and text will be provided to cover solely the particular topic required. This service does not include scans of whole books.


Capitola Village is only a short distance away!
The Capitola Family Cottage by the Sea is available to rent on a monthly basis. For more information on renting this home for a month or longer, contact Misty at 831-475-1808 (ext. 103) or email us at longterms@beach-houserentals.com.
Welcome to the Capitola Family Cottage by the Sea. Located just a short walk to Capitola Village and Gayle's Bakery, you and your family are sure to find comfort in living in this quiet 3-bedroom home. Small Dog Friendly.
Escape to Capitola Village and enjoy time in your very home single-family home. This 3-bedroom home is perfect for a family vacation or a few couples to enjoy a Capitola Vacation! This home has everything you will need! Before you walk in to the home you are greeted by a beautifully landscaped patio with lovely flowers and a cherry blossom tree.
As you walk in to the home, enjoy relaxing in the family room (with pull out sofa), warming up by the fireplace. Also downstairs is another family room, which can be made into a bedroom. The sliding pocket doors provide privacy as you can pull out the sofa into a comfortable Queen-sized bed. There's a mounted flat-screen TV in this room, along with built in shelves and a large closet to hang your belongings.
Behind the family room with the fireplace, is the the dining room, which seats 6 guests. Off the dining room is a door that leads out to a patio with gas BBQ and patio set. Next to the dining room is the kitchen with 2 bar stools along the kitchen counter. The kitchen is fully stocked with pots and pens, flatware, silverware, and the like. Keep on walking down the hall and there is a washer/dryer behind the folded doors. The first bathroom is down the hall with a lovely tiled shower to step into after a day at the beach.
Go upstairs to two bedrooms, office nook and full bathroom. The master bedroom has a King bed with large flat screen TV on the dresser. The third bedroom has a Queen bed with a patio attached. Walk across the see-through floor to the office nook to get some work done.


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Q: Changing the color of a row in gridview according to the data I have a Gridview in ASP.Net - C#. I have one column that is named Assignment or Exam. In that column, I have the name of either the assignment or exam, ex.: "Exam 1", "Assignment 5"  I want that each row that is an assignment should be red and exam be blue.
What is the best way to do it, in SQL Server, or in my code?  if so what is the proper code?

A: You set the background colour of a row in a Gridview by setting the BackColor property for each row individually. To do this based on the data in the row, you'll need to examine the row as it's being bound, which you can do inside the RowDataBound event. Here's a quick bit of markup for a basic Gridview where we hook up to the server-side event:
<asp:GridView runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="False" OnRowDataBound="TestGridView_RowDataBound" ID="TestGridView">
    <Columns>
        <asp:BoundField DataField="Type" HeaderText="Assignment/Exam" />
        <asp:BoundField DataField="Name" HeaderText="Name" />
    </Columns>
</asp:GridView>

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    DataTable tests = new DataTable();
    tests.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("Type"));
    tests.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("Name"));
    tests.AcceptChanges();

    tests.Rows.Add(new []{"Assignment","StackOverflow Basics"});
    tests.Rows.Add(new[]{"Exam","Expert Markdown"});
    tests.Rows.Add(new[]{"Exam","Upvoting"});
    tests.Rows.Add(new[]{"Assignment","Rep Changes"});

    TestGridView.DataSource = tests;
    TestGridView.DataBind();
}

In the code for the event, we can get hold of the individual data row that we're binding  to and examine the value, so we can set the BackColor accordingly:
protected void TestGridView_RowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)
{
    // Ignore the first row which is the header
    if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow)
    {
        // Get hold of the row and then the DataRow that it's being bound to
        GridViewRow row = e.Row;
        DataRow data = ((DataRowView)row.DataItem).Row;

        // Look at the value and set the colour accordingly
        switch (data.Field<string>("Type"))
        {
            case "Assignment":
                row.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.FromName("Blue");
                break;
            case "Exam":
                row.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.FromName("Red");
                break;
        }
    }
}

That works fine, although you might want to also consider setting the text colour to white so it's slightly easier to read.
However, you might want some more flexibility in the future e.g. if you add a third assessment type called 'Lab' coloured green, you'd need to change/recompile/retest/redeploy the code. If instead, you pass a named colour up from the database and then use that in the RowDataBound event, you can avoid some of that work, e.g.:
protected void TestGridView_RowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)
{
    // Ignore the first row which is the header
    if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow)
    {
        // Get hold of the row and then the DataRow that it's being bound to
        GridViewRow row = e.Row;
        DataRow data = ((DataRowView)row.DataItem).Row;

        row.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.FromName(data.Field<string>("BackColour");
        row.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.FromName(data.Field<string>("TextColour");
    }
}

A: First find the row index in a variable. In the following code I have used index as the variable.
grdWithLocation.Rows[index].BackColor = Color.FromArgb(255, 238, 238, 238);

A: I use this in my inventory database. it check to see what date it is and compares it to the dates in the database for each order. it then colours each row with a different colour depending on how long they have been sitting. it is on the RowDataBound of the GridView
You should be able to modify the code to chanage the dates to Exam/Assignment
if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow)
{
    DateTime datToday = DateTime.Today();
    DateTime O1 = datToday.AddDays(0);
    DateTime O2 = datToday.AddDays(-1);
    DateTime O3 = datToday.AddDays(-4);

    string strMediaX = e.Row.Cells[2].Text;

    if (Information.IsDate(strMediaX))
    {
        DateTime MediaX = e.Row.Cells[2].Text;
        if (MediaX < O3)
        {
            e.Row.Cells[2].BackColor = Drawing.Color.OrangeRed;
            e.Row.Cells[2].ForeColor = Drawing.Color.White;
        }
        else if (MediaX < O2)
        {
            e.Row.Cells[2].BackColor = Drawing.Color.Orange;
            e.Row.Cells[2].ForeColor = Drawing.Color.White;
        }
        else if (MediaX < O1)
            e.Row.Cells[2].BackColor = Drawing.Color.Gold;
    }
    // checks the current stock of the item and if it is below 10 then it changes the colour to highlight that it needs to be ordered.
    if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow)
    {
        if ((Label)e.Row.Cells[9].FindControl("lblCurrentStock").Text < 11)
        {
            e.Row.Cells[9].BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.OrangeRed;
            e.Row.Cells[9].ForeColor = Drawing.Color.White;
            e.Row.Cells[9].Font.Bold = true;
        }
    }
}


text:
Skillman Foundation
Our President & CEO
Launch Michigan Announces Recommendations for Michigan Schools
Launch Michigan unveils its vision to strengthen learning opportunities for all Michigan children.
Request for Proposals: 2020 Call for Collaboration
The Foundation invites organizations supporting afterschool and/or summer experiences for Detroit kids to apply for funds as part of our 2020 Call for Collaboration.
Our Commitment to Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion
To celebrate our commitment to DEI and our team, Skillman Foundation staff and trustees recently recited our DEI policy statement on video.
Grant Partners
Our President and CEO
Rose for Detroit Blog
Data and Evaluation
State of the Detroit Child data tool
"Teach 313" Launches to Recruit Teachers to Detroit, with Support from General Motors, Quicken Loans and City of Detroit
by: Teach 313 | Aug. 31st, 2018
The Skillman Foundation and Detroit Children's Fund today announced the launch of "Teach 313", a local and national campaign to recruit teachers to Detroit, from early childhood through 12th grade. An unprecedented public-private partnership, Teach 313 will offer incentives from corporate partners, including General Motors and Quicken Loans, to assist them in achieving a better quality of life. These incentives will help attract and retain exceptional teachers to Detroit to ensure that every child in the city is receiving the quality education they deserve.
"If we're going to continue the growth of our city, we need to do everything we can to support Detroit students," said Mayor Mike Duggan, City of Detroit. "That means recruiting the best teachers to Detroit, and Teach 313 is going to be key to that effort. I strongly encourage our partners in the business community to support the Teach 313 program and support our teachers city wide."
Teach 313 is a talent initiative focused on recruitment, professional development, and the quality of life of Detroit teachers. This iniative was born from a strong need in the city of Detroit, where in K-12 schools, there's nearly 30 percent teacher attrition each school year in Detroit. Furthermore:
Over 14 percent of teachers moved schools (outside of Detroit)
Over 4 percent of teachers left teaching in Detroit, or the profession altogether
"We need teachers who believe they can change the world. That's the opportunity before us. As Detroit works to become a place of prosperity where families and communities thrive, there's no role more important than that of our teachers," said Tonya Allen, president & CEO of the Skillman Foundation. "The Skillman Foundation is proud to be part of this collective effort to attract educators to Detroit schools and celebrate and support those already devoted to cultivating our city's young talent."
As part of its recruiting efforts, Teach 313 has engaged multiple partners including, the Service Year Alliance and AmeriCorps Alums (which include over 1 million alumni), the top 25 teacher-producing colleges and universities, and top 20 Historically Black Colleges and Universities across the country.
"Detroit's children deserve a quality education, and a quality education is driven by inspired and supported teachers. What we've announced today is an unprecedented partnership among civic leadership from multiple sectors to create a lasting impact for our educators," said Jack Elsey, Executive Director, Detroit Children's Fund. "We're no longer accepting the status quo—Detroit Children's Fund is committed to making Detroit the best place to raise a family, and Teach 313 is helping us make that aspiration a reality."
Detroit's Business Community Steps Up
Local educators, community members, and business leaders unveil the Teach313 campaign during a press conference on August 30, 2018
Corporate partners have commited to Detroit's youth through incentives that they will offer though the Teach 313 initiative . Currently, Quicken Loans and General Motors have commited to participating in the initiative.
General Motors will offer two incentives:
The GM Educator Discount, open to all current educators, administrators, faculty and support staff who work at any public or private school, university or college. This discount can be combined with current offers for additional savings and combined can equal hundreds, even thousands, off the price of a new lease or purchase. For more information about the discount and other current offers, click here.
The OnStar Safety and Security Package, open to new Detroit teachers and administrators who work at a public or private school in the city of Detroit, free for two years*. This package is valued at $25 per month and includes:
Automatic Crash Response that gets you help right away even if you can't ask for it
Stolen Vehicle Assistance
Crisis Assist in severe weather, natural disasters or other crises
Turn-by-Turn Navigation with the help of a live advisor if needed
* This offer can be activated on any OnStar-equipped vehicle, model year 2011 or newer. Some 2009-2010 can activate limited features of this package, as well.
Quicken Loans will offer Detroit teachers who purchase or refinance a home with them $1,500 in mortgage savings, including:
$1,000 closing cost credit
$500 cash back after closing
Additional VIP services such as a personalized mortgage review; online tools, mobile apps, and access to educational webinars; and VIP treatment from a dedicated team of home loan experts.
To learn more about Quicken Loans' work, visit click here.
"GM is proud to join in the Teach313 effort to show our support, appreciation and commitment to bringing the best and brightest talent to the Motor City," said Tony Cervone, vice president of global communications at General Motors. "Education remains a key component of Detroit's comeback, and attracting great teachers will help students thrive."
"We know that for kids to get a great education, they must have great teachers. That's why we are committed to attracting the best and brightest educators while simultaneously supporting the talented teachers currently working in Detroit," said Bill Emerson, Vice Chairman of Quicken Loans. "We also understand that a strong sense of community is critical for both teachers and students. That starts with a place to call home, which is why we are so excited to offer educators significant discounts on their home financing."
For more information on Teach 313, or to learn how to get involved, please visit www.Teach313.org.
Teach 313
100 Talon Centre Dr.
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© 2020 Skillman Foundation. All rights reserved.


Good afternoon. Hope you all had a great 4th of July. It's time to finish up on that drapery panel. Before doing your hem, you will need to decide where you want your panel to end up after it is hung. Some choose to go right above the sill, others partway down and even others go below. This will be what your preference is. I chose to go below as I wanted my panel to be a little longer.
You will need to measure how long and then add approximately 2 to 3 inches for the hem. Remember to turn over 1/4" so that you hem has a nice finish.
I now have my panel finished and can do the next one.
Here is my completed project. As you can see, this was pattern that I had to match up. This can make it a little more challenging but not impossible. Take your time and you will be pleased with your finished draperies.


The bathroom inside the home is one of the biggest hubs of the home. Not only is it a place that is looked into the most when it comes to selling the property by potential buyers, but it is also a great place to find out if you actually love the home. When you consider bathroom renovations, you should always consider the return on investment you'll get back, as well as how fast the home might sell if you were to not do this renovation and focus on something else. As with the kitchen, the bathroom is also a great selling point inside the home, so don't skip it.
When someone goes into a home and expects to purchase it, they first look at the size of the home. They want to make sure that the kitchen is in order, and that it has enough rooms for the whole family or for whatever needs, they have when it comes to buying a home.
The bathrooms however are also something that is highly considered when purchasing a home. How many bathrooms are inside the home? How big are they? How do they look? Are they updated? They want to make sure that this is a great room to use and is functioning properly. No one is going to buy a home that they do not want to put work into if the bathroom is not looking the best that it possibly can. This is where you can come in and make the most of the bathroom renovation that is done.
One of the biggest ways to sell your home is by adding a bathroom to the house. This can be done when you completely transform the basement space into lovable space inside your home. The professionals with The Basement Finishing Company state that this can bring a hefty return on your investment come sale time of the property. It also provides a way to have more useable square feet inside the home.
Considering the fact that many of the upgrades that can be made inside the bathroom will return half, if not more of the cash that you put into them is always a good consideration to make. When you put cash into the home, and then turn around and sell it, that change that you made is something you want to make most of your cash back with. When it comes to bathroom renovations, you can ensure that you get more back than you thought you would when it comes time to sell.
Consider all that comes from the bathroom renovations you're considering before you put your home on the market. You want to make sure that you spruce it up before it hits the market, so you can get much more for your home than you purchased it for. Through the use of the bathroom renovations, you can essentially sell your home much faster than you ever hoped for. Here is to a new bathroom inside your home, and the chance to sell.


It is the policy of the Arapahoe Library District to support internal controls and fraud prevention through implementation of a comprehensive internal auditing function, managed through the Finance Department. Internal control is designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving objectives related to reliable financial reporting, efficiency and effectiveness of operations, and compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
Procedures and processes to audit various functions, including cash collection and management, purchasing and payroll accuracy, journal entry validation, bank statement reconciliation, material ordering and receiving, as well as general operational procedures, will be implemented, monitored and evaluated in order to maintain the highest professional standards and ethics in the operation of the District.
Discrepancies observed or discovered through this process, along with recommendations for change or improvements, will be reported to management.


Welcome to our class today!
If you use less paper, you will save a lot of trees.
Ex1: If you use less paper, you will save a lot of trees.
Ex2: If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
Chỉ sự việc có khả năng xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Mệnh đề chính có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề If.
Ex1: You will save a lot of trees If you use less paper.
Ex2: We will stay at home If it rains tomorrow.
If it (be) __________ sunny next week, we (plant) _________________ the vegetables.
If we (recycle) _____________more, we (help) _______________our Earth.
We (save) ________________ a lot of trees if we (not waste) __________________ so much paper.
More people (have) ______________ fresh water if we only (use) ___________ the water we need.
If the river (not be) ______________ dirty, there (be) _____________more fish.
Model: 1. We pollute the air. We have breathing problems.
4. The soil is polluted. Plant die.
If we pollute the air, we will have breathing problems.
If the soil is polluted, plant will die.
2. Do the exercises 5.


text:
Spain is simply different.
Located in southern Europe, in the Iberian Peninsula, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic Ocean and a step away from Africa.
Discover in every corner of its geography the legacy of multiple civilizations. Celts, Phoenicians, Romans, Visigoths and Muslims left the essence of what we still admire today when we contemplate the Palace of the Alhambra in Granada, the Roman Theater of Merida or the Caves of Altamira in Cantabria. Therefore, Spain has more than forty monuments belong to the world heritage of humanity.
Its mild climatology, its welcoming people, its excellent cuisine, its nature and unic beaches spread throughout the territory, will complete an unforgettable and simply different experience.
What ever you want, what ever you need
Let's talk about LUXURY.
What is luxury for you? A diamond necklace? a flower garden? A sunny day ? or simply the time?
Karisma Incoming groups & Incentives studies each of its clients, to satisfy the wishes or needs of each person.
Karisma Incoming has agreements with the most luxurious establishments in the Iberian Peninsula as well as personal shopper service, private drivers, helicopter service, baby-sitter, haute cuisine chefs …Book with Karisma the most special places and moments of your life. Enjoy exclusive experiences that are not available to anyone. Allow to be a privileged spectator of unusual places, exclusive services and a very personalized attention.
* Exclusivity in helicopters trips.
Some services:
Deluxe hotels | deluxe restaurants | deluxe transportation | uniformed personal | multilanguage assistance | personal shopper | personal assistance 24h | personal trainer | personal cooker | real estate service | 24 hours telephone | helicopter service.
GENERAL INFORMATION SPAIN
GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE
Europe (member of the European Union).
Main cities and regions:
Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Seville and Malaga.
it has an area of 505,370 km². Bordering on the north with France and Andorra, on the west with Portugal, and on the south with Gibraltar (British territory) and Morocco. It has two archipelagos (Canary Islands and Balearic Islands) and two cities in North Africa (Ceuta and Melilla).
the Mediterranean climate predominates, being softer on the coast and more extreme in the interior.
Citizens of the EU, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein: valid national identity document or passport.
Citizens of the United Kingdom and Ireland: valid passport.
Nationals of countries subject to the visa requirement for crossing the external borders: valid and current visa. More information.
Visit to Gibraltar:
passport except citizens of the U.E in possession of a valid identity document. And visa for the people that require it for the entrance to the United Kingdom with exceptions.
Visit to Andorra:
valid identity document or passport in force. More information.
Minimum recommended stay:
Spanish. In addition to other minority languages such as Catalan, Galician or Euskera.
http://www.spain.info/en/


text:
El Pez, the smiling fish artist
Written by Aléxia Costa
by Aléxia Costa
Every artist has its own history – the how, the why, and the when. Those little questions are what defines the artist, its style, attitude and motivation to produce with feeling and expression. Here is the story of El Pez, the artist that brought to life the smiling fish that is already a success around the world.
Why choose street art
Photo by duncan via Visualhunt
Since the beginning, his goal has been to communicate with the public, to interact with the common citizen that walks the streets of his hometown every day. At first, when he started painting the street walls, he would only draw a tag of his name, but soon a fish was born and from then on, the fish became bigger and greater. The artist has found his how to his why in his art.
The goal was to find a universal language that would, at the same time, become his personal signature. The smile was a natural choice, the artist's way of bringing good vibes to Barcelona citizens.
El Pez's art is moved by his humble way of living, meaning that his fish doesn't participate in any sociologic or political expression. The message is simple: he paints for enjoyment and pleasure while observing the world that he chooses to see around him.
Related article: Exploring Barcelona's street art
More than just a fish
Photo by: Ferdinand 'Ferre' Feys via VisualHunt
"There are plenty of fish in the sea", as they say, but this particular one is easy to spot. Its cartoon-inspired body has a comic feeling to it and a sweet but strong look that is reinforced by its best feature: the smile! It's a big and bright smile that occupies the majority of the drawing, leaving space only for a big blue eye.
But it's not just the smile: it's the whole attitude of the blue fish. It's the way it poses to the crowd. The fish smiles and waves with its flippers with a nice and kind presence.
Related article: Barcelona's Street Art Royalty
What started as just a way to brighten the day to Barcelona citizens has now become a world phenomenon. El Pez's art easily spread through Barcelona and Europe and the artists started to get invited to go all over the world. Nowadays, he shows his work in the streets of Tokyo, Miami, Bogota, and London, among many others. But the smiling fish doesn't travel alone anymore; it adopted a smiling family with demons, giraffes, Martians and angels.
In order to expand his brand, in 2011, El Pez created his own line of street art kits with all of the materials necessary to be a street artist.
Looking for a place to stay in Barcelona? ShBarcelona is the answer.
Argillà Argentona: An International Ceramic and Pottery Fair near Barcelona
by Miguel
The Catalan architect Josep Maria Jujol
Where to go for inspiration in Barcelona
10 videoclips shot in Barcelona
Primavera Sound 2016 – A preview of day 2
5 films shot in Barcelona
Barcelona and its many names
by Lorraine
Catalonia's History Museum
The 5 greatest books set in Barcelona
Aléxia Costa
Aléxia Costa is a ghostwriter for both fiction and non-fiction.


'Khanderaya Jhali Majhi Daina' Song is A Hit On Social Medias!
Home Videos 'Khanderaya Jhali Majhi Daina' Song is A Hit On Social Medias!
The new song 'Khanderaya Jhali Majhi Daina' is getting a whopping response on social media. On You Tube in just five days it the video has got a view of more than one million i.e almost more than ten lakhs and the song is trending on YOU TUBE.
'Khanderaya Jhali Majhi Daina' has lyrics by Vaibhav Londhe and he has also sung the song .The song produced by Everest Entertainment has been produced by Chetan Garud Productions .The song video has been made according to the mood of the song.
The traditional song has been given a romantic touch and an effort to make a new version has been made by the music composer..The lyrics are by Vaibhav Londhe and he has also composed the music for the song. The song has been picturised on Sahasi Pathak and Vaibhav Londhe and has been directed by Tejas Patil. The DOP is Ravi Ocche and the choreographer is Rohan Mone.This song of a different genre will be appreciated by the audiences without an iota of doubt.
Previous article'Mumbai Pune Mumbai' Pair on the Sets of Super Dancer Maharashtra !
Next articleTrailer Of Riteish Deshmukh's Upcoming Film 'Mauli' Launched!


oIdentifies key critical issues in the study of religion.
oIncludes specific examples from the various religious traditions described in the Week One readings that honor the sacred—such as rituals of the Igbo to mark life events, the vision quest as a common ritual in many Native American societies, or the influence of the shaman as a leader. You may also include examples from your own religious tradition or another religious tradition with which you are familiar.
·Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.


text:
package com.wfcrc.adapters;

import android.app.DownloadManager;
import android.content.ActivityNotFoundException;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.ClipData;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView.ViewHolder;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ImageButton;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import com.wfcrc.R;
import com.wfcrc.analytics.Analytics;
import com.wfcrc.config.AppConfig;
import com.wfcrc.pojos.Document;
import com.wfcrc.sqlite.WFCRCDB;
import com.wfcrc.utils.ConnectivityUtils;

import java.io.File;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by maria on 10/10/16.
 */
public class DocumentGalleryAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<RecyclerView.ViewHolder>{

    private static String LOG_TAG = "DocumentGalleryAdapter";
    private static final int TITLE_VIEW_TYPE = 0;
    private static final int ITEM_VIEW_TYPE =1;

    private List<Document> mDataset;

    private Context mContext;

    private static MyClickListenerImplementation myClickListener;

    private Analytics mTracker;

    private boolean mNeedsTitle;

    public static class TitleHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{

        TextView documentCategory;

        public TitleHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
            documentCategory = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.documentCategory);
        }
    }

    public static class ItemHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder
            implements View.OnClickListener{

        ImageView documentIcon;
        TextView documentTitle;
        ImageButton documentSync;
        View rowBottomSeparator;

        public ItemHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
            documentIcon = (ImageView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.documentIcon);
            documentTitle = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.documentTitle);
            documentSync = (ImageButton) itemView.findViewById(R.id.documentSyncButton);
            rowBottomSeparator = (View) itemView.findViewById(R.id.rowBottomSeparator);
            itemView.setOnClickListener(this);
        }

        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            myClickListener.onItemClick(getAdapterPosition(), v);
        }
    }

    public DocumentGalleryAdapter(Context context, List<Document> myDataset, boolean needsTitle) {
        mContext = context;
        mDataset = myDataset;
        mNeedsTitle = needsTitle;
        this.setOnItemClickListener(new MyClickListenerImplementation());
        mTracker =  ((AppConfig)mContext.getApplicationContext()).getAnalytics();
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemViewType(int position) {
        if(position == 0 && mNeedsTitle)
            return TITLE_VIEW_TYPE;//first item is the title
        else if(mDataset.get(position).getCategory() == null)
            return TITLE_VIEW_TYPE;//titles below in the list
        else
            return ITEM_VIEW_TYPE;//the rest of the items are documents
    }

    @Override
    public RecyclerView.ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        if(viewType == TITLE_VIEW_TYPE) {//title
            View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.document_gallery_category_title, parent, false);
            return  new TitleHolder(view);
        }else {//item
            View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.document_gallery_item, parent, false);
            return new ItemHolder(view);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder, int position) {
        final Document document = mDataset.get(position);
        if (mNeedsTitle) {
            /*if (position != 0) {
                //TODO: set right icons
                //((ItemHolder)holder).documentIcon.setImageResource(imageId);
                if(document.isDownloaded()) {
                    //((ItemHolder) holder).documentSync.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_sync_black_24dp);
                    ((ItemHolder) holder).documentSync.setEnabled(false);
                }else{
                    //((ItemHolder) holder).documentSync.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_sync_disabled_black_24dp);
                    ((ItemHolder) holder).documentSync.setEnabled(true);
                }
                ((ItemHolder) holder).documentTitle.setText(document.getTitle());
                ((ItemHolder)holder).documentSync.setOnClickListener(new DownloadDocumentOnClickListener(document));
            } else {
                ((TitleHolder) holder).documentCategory.setText(document.getTitle());
            }*/
            if(holder instanceof TitleHolder){
                ((TitleHolder) holder).documentCategory.setText(document.getTitle());
            }else if(holder instanceof ItemHolder){
                //TODO: set right icons
                //((ItemHolder)holder).documentIcon.setImageResource(imageId);
                if(document.isDownloaded()) {
                    //((ItemHolder) holder).documentSync.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_sync_black_24dp);
                    ((ItemHolder) holder).documentSync.setEnabled(false);
                }else{
                    //((ItemHolder) holder).documentSync.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_sync_disabled_black_24dp);
                    ((ItemHolder) holder).documentSync.setEnabled(true);
                }
                ((ItemHolder) holder).documentTitle.setText(document.getTitle());
                ((ItemHolder)holder).documentSync.setOnClickListener(new DownloadDocumentOnClickListener(document));
            }
        }else{
            //TODO: set right icons
            //((ItemHolder)holder).documentIcon.setImageResource(imageId);
            if(document.isDownloaded()) {
                //((ItemHolder) holder).documentSync.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_sync_black_24dp);
                ((ItemHolder) holder).documentSync.setEnabled(false);
            }else{
                //((ItemHolder) holder).documentSync.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_sync_disabled_black_24dp);
                ((ItemHolder) holder).documentSync.setEnabled(true);
            }
            //backgroundTint="@color/primary_dark_material_light"
            ((ItemHolder) holder).documentTitle.setText(document.getTitle());
            ((ItemHolder)holder).documentSync.setOnClickListener(new DownloadDocumentOnClickListener(document));
            if(position == getItemCount()-1)
                ((ItemHolder) holder).rowBottomSeparator.setVisibility(View.GONE);
        }
    }

    public void addItem(Document dataObj, int index) {
        mDataset.add(index, dataObj);
        notifyItemInserted(index);
    }

    public void deleteItem(int index) {
        mDataset.remove(index);
        notifyItemRemoved(index);
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return mDataset.size();
    }

    public interface MyClickListener {
        void onItemClick(int position, View v);
    }

    public void setOnItemClickListener(MyClickListenerImplementation myClickListener) {
        this.myClickListener = myClickListener;
    }

    //onClick on the document
    private class MyClickListenerImplementation implements MyClickListener{
        @Override
        public void onItemClick(int position, View v) {
            Log.i(LOG_TAG, " Clicked on Item " + position);
            Document doc = mDataset.get(position);
            //open URL if we are online
            if(ConnectivityUtils.isNetworkAvailable(mContext)){
                Intent browserIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse(doc.getUrl()));
                mContext.startActivity(browserIntent);
            }else{//open downloaded document if possible
                if(doc.isDownloaded()){
                    File file = new File(/*Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(
                            Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS),*/
                            mContext.getExternalFilesDir(null),
                            doc.getTitle()/* + ".pdf"*/);
                    Uri path = Uri.fromFile(file);
                    Intent pdfOpenintent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
                    pdfOpenintent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);
                    pdfOpenintent.setDataAndType(path, "*/*");
                    try {
                        mContext.startActivity(pdfOpenintent);
                    }
                    catch (ActivityNotFoundException e) {
                        //// TODO: 1/31/17
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private class DownloadDocumentOnClickListener implements  View.OnClickListener {

        private Document documentToDownload;

        public DownloadDocumentOnClickListener(Document doc){
            this.documentToDownload = doc;
        }

        @Override
        public void onClick(final View view) {
            if (ConnectivityUtils.isNetworkAvailable(mContext)) {
                DownloadManager.Request request = new DownloadManager.Request(Uri.parse(documentToDownload.getUrl()));
                request.setDescription(documentToDownload.getTitle());
                request.setTitle(documentToDownload.getTitle());
                // in order for this if to run, you must use the android 3.2 to compile your app
                if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
                    request.allowScanningByMediaScanner();
                    request.setNotificationVisibility(DownloadManager.Request.VISIBILITY_VISIBLE_NOTIFY_COMPLETED);
                }//TODO: controlar resto de casos
                //request.setDestinationInExternalPublicDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS, documentToDownload.getTitle());
                File file = new File(
                        mContext.getExternalFilesDir(null),
                        documentToDownload.getTitle());
                request.setDestinationUri(Uri.fromFile(file));
                request.setTitle(documentToDownload.getTitle());
                request.setMimeType("application");
                // get download service and enqueue file
                DownloadManager manager = (DownloadManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.DOWNLOAD_SERVICE);
                manager.enqueue(request);
                BroadcastReceiver onComplete=new BroadcastReceiver() {
                    public void onReceive(Context ctxt, Intent intent) {
                        documentToDownload.setDownloaded(true);
                        //change isDownload flag on document gallery database
                        WFCRCDB db = new WFCRCDB(mContext);
                        db.updateDocument(documentToDownload);
                        //disable download button
                        view.setEnabled(false);
                    }
                };
                mContext.registerReceiver(onComplete, new IntentFilter(DownloadManager.ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE));
            }else{
                Toast.makeText(mContext, mContext.getString(R.string.no_network), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub