text:
\section{Introduction}

The possibility that the gravitational interaction acts in a more than
four-dimensional non-compact space-time \cite{RS}, while keeping the other
interactions locked in four space-time dimensions, has raised interesting
new perspectives in the solvability of the hierarchy problem and in
cosmological evolution \cite{BDEL}. This hypothesis has led to alternative
explanations for dark matter \cite{MakHarko}, \cite{Kar} and \cite{Pal}.

The most common such brane-world model is five-dimensional, containing a
four-dimensional (time-evolving three-dimensional) brane. In the context of
such generalized Randall-Sundrum brane-worlds, both the five-dimensional
space-time and the embedded brane are allowed to have generic curvature.
Gravitational dynamics on the brane is governed by an effective Einstein
equation \cite{SMS}, derived in full generality in \cite{Decomp}, \cite%
{VarBraneTensionPRD}. Higher codimension branes were also considered in
connection with conical singularities \cite{BGNS}, \cite{deRham}.

Spherically symmetric brane-world black holes were studied both by
analytical and numerical methods. Six-dimensional vacuum black holes, which
are locally higher dimensional Schwarzschild, were found in Ref. \cite%
{Kaloper}. A shell-like distribution of five-dimensional matter (violating
both the weak and strong energy conditions in the vicinity of the brane, but
falling off at infinity) is able to support a static five-dimensional black
hole localized on the brane, with the horizon rapidly "decaying" in the
extra dimension, \cite{KantiTamvakis}, \cite{KantiOlasagastiTamvakis}. Black
holes with a radiating component in the extra dimension were investigated in
connection with the AdS/CFT correspondence \cite{EmparanFabbriKaloper}. A
numerical analysis in an asymptotically five-dimensional Anti de Sitter
space-time showed the existence of small brane black holes (compared to the
five-dimensional curvature) as five-dimensional Schwarzschild solutions \cite%
{KudohTanakaNakamura}, however at large masses the effect of the brane
forbids to find such solutions. The generic static, spherically symmetric,
five-dimensional vacuum black hole on a three-dimensional time-evolving
brane, as a solution of the full set of the five-dimensional Einstein
equations was not found yet.

A static, spherically symmetric, vacuum black hole solution of the effective
Einstein equation\footnote{%
Besides having no matter on the brane, any five-dimensional matter source
could be present only if the pull-back of its energy-momentum tensor to the
brane vanishes. Also, the embedding of the brane is symmetric.} has been
found \cite{tidalRN}, but the five-dimensional space-time in which it can be
embedded, remains unknown. Beside the mass $m$, this black hole has a
\textit{tidal }charge $q$ arising from the Weyl curvature of the higher
dimensional space-time, as shown in the line element
\begin{equation}
ds^{2}=-f\left( r\right) dt^{2}+f^{-1}\left( r\right) dr^{2}+r^{2}\left(
d\theta ^{2}+\sin ^{2}\theta d\varphi ^{2}\right) \,~,  \label{RN}
\end{equation}%
with the metric function
\begin{equation}
f\left( r\right) =1-\frac{2m}{r}+\frac{q}{r^{2}}\,.
\end{equation}

Formally the metric (\ref{RN}) is the Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m solution of a
spherically symmetric Einstein-Maxwell system in general relativity. There,
however the place of the tidal charge $q$ is taken by the square of the
\textit{electric} charge $Q$. Thus $q=Q^{2}$ is always positive, when the
metric (\ref{RN}) describes the spherically symmetric exterior of an
electrically charged object in general relativity. By contrast, in
brane-world theories the metric (\ref{RN}) allows for any $q$.

When $\left\vert q\right\vert \gg 2mr$ (thus for a light black hole and not
too far from its horizon) and $q<0$ the tidal charge term dominates. This
remark is consistent with the result of Ref. \cite{KudohTanakaNakamura},
according to which five-dimensional Schwarzschild solutions (with $%
f=1-m_{5}/r^{2}$) can be considered as brane black holes as long as their
mass is small compared to the five-dimensional curvature radius.

On the other hand when $\left\vert q\right\vert \ll 2mr$, the term
containing the tidal charge becomes a mere correction of the
four-dimensional Schwarzschild metric. The four-dimensional Schwarzschild
metric can be extended into the fifth dimension as a black string \cite{ChRH}%
, which solves the five-dimensional Einstein equations. Gravity wave
perturbations of such a black-string brane-world were computed in Ref. \cite%
{SCMlet}. Due to the Gregory-Laflamme instability \cite{GL} the string is
expected to pinch off, thus a black cigar emerges \cite{Gregory} (although
under very mild assumptions, classical event horizons will not pinch off
\cite{HorowitzMaeda}).

For $\left\vert q\right\vert \ll 2mr$ (small tidal charge and / or far from
the horizon) the correction to the Schwarzschild potential represented by
the tidal charge term scales with $r^{-2}$. On the other hand the
perturbative analysis of the gravitational field of a spherically symmetric
source in the weak field limit in the original Randall-Sundrum setup
(Schwarzschild black hole on a brane embedded in Anti de Sitter
five-dimensional space-time) has shown corrections to the Schwarzschild
potential scaling as $r^{-3}$ \cite{RS}, \cite{GarrigaTanaka} and \cite%
{Giddings}. Therefore the five-dimensional extension of the tidal charged
black hole is not a linearly perturbed five-dimensional Anti de Sitter
space-time \cite{BlackString}, but should rather be considered as a
perturbation of the black string / black cigar metric.

The case $q>0$ is in full analogy with the general relativistic
Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m solution. For $q<m^{2}$ it describes tidal charged
black holes with two horizons at $r_{h}=m\pm \sqrt{\left( m^{2}-q\right) }$,
both below the Schwarzschild radius. For $q=m^{2}$ the two horizons coincide
at $r_{h}=m$ (this is the analogue of the extremal Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m
black hole). In these cases it is evident that the gravitational deflection
of light and gravitational lensing is decreased by $q$. Finally there is a
new possibility forbidden in general relativity due to physical
considerations on the smallness of the electric charge. This is $q>m^{2}$
for which the metric (\ref{RN}) describes a naked singularity. Such a
situation can arise whenever the mass $m$ of the brane object is of small
enough, compared to the effect of the bulk black hole generating Weyl
curvature, and as such, tidal charge. Due to its nature, the tidal charge$\
q $ should be a more or less global property of the brane, which can contain
many black holes of mass $m\geq \sqrt{q}$ and several naked singularities
with mass $m<\sqrt{q}$.

For any $q<0$ there is only one horizon, at $r_{h}=m+\sqrt{\left(
m^{2}+\left\vert q\right\vert \right) }$. For these black holes, gravity is
increased on the brane by the presence of the tidal charge \cite{tidalRN}.
Light deflection and gravitational lensing are stronger than for the
Schwarzschild solution.

The metric (\ref{RN}) can be also considered as the exterior of a star. In
this case one does not have to worry about the existence or location of
horizons, as they would lie inside the star, where some interior solution
should be matched to the metric (\ref{RN}). The generic feature that a
positive (negative) tidal charge is weakening (strengthening) gravitation on
the brane, is kept.

Tidal charged brane black hole metrics were studied before as vacuum
exteriors for interior stellar solution \cite{GermaniMaartens}, with the
purpose of confrontation with solar system tests \cite{BoehmerHarkoLobo},
evolution of thin accretion disks in this geometry \cite{accretion} and in a
thermodynamical context \cite{tidalThermo}.

Gravitational lensing could provide a test of such brane-world solutions, in
particular it may turn useful in the study of the tidal charged black hole.
The determination of the tidal charge can indicate ways to extend this
solution into the fifth dimension. Both weak \cite{KarSinha}, \cite{MM} and
strong \cite{Whisker} gravitational lensing of various five-dimensional
black holes were discussed, the topic being reviewed in Ref. \cite%
{MajumdarMukherjee}.

In this paper we derive the deflection angle of light rays caused by brane
black holes with tidal charge (\ref{RN}). Generalizing previous approaches
\cite{KarSinha}, \cite{MM}, we carry on this computation up to the second
order in the weak lensing parameters. As the metric (\ref{RN}) is static, we
consider only the second order gravielectric contributions, but no
gravimagnetic contributions, which are of the same order and would appear
due to the movement of the brane black holes. Gravimagnetic effects in the
general relativistic approach were considered in \cite{SchaferBartelmann}.

In Section 2 we present a Lagrangian approach, based on Ref. \cite{GeDa}. We
conclude this section with the derivation of the light deflection angle to
second order accuracy in both $m$ and $q$. The first order contributions are
in agreement with the results of Ref. \cite{Hobill}. The second order
contributions however differ from the corresponding result of Ref. \cite%
{BoehmerHarkoLobo}, obtained by a Hamilton-Jacobi approach. In order to sort
out this discrepancy, in Section 3 we carefully employ the eikonal method to
the required order. As consequence our previous Lagrangian result is
reproduced, re-establishing the unicity of the expression for light
deflection. Starting from the improved result, we could strengthen the
constraint on the brane tension in Section 4. Section 5 contains the
concluding remarks.

\section{Lagrangian approach}

\subsection{Light propagation}

Light follows null geodesics of the metric (\ref{RN}). Its equations of
motion can be derived either from the geodesic equations, or from the
Lagrangian given by $2\mathcal{L}=\left( ds^{2}/d\lambda ^{2}\right) $,
where $\lambda $ is a parameter of the null geodesic curve (see Chapter 3 of
Ref. \cite{Straumann}. Due to spherical and reflectional symmetry across the
equatorial plane, $\theta =\pi /2$ can be chosen. Thus
\begin{equation}
0=2\mathcal{L}=-f\left( r\right) \dot{t}^{2}+f^{-1}\left( r\right) \dot{r}%
^{2}+r^{2}\dot{\varphi}^{2}\,.  \label{Lag}
\end{equation}%
(A dot represents derivative with respect to $\lambda $.) The cyclic
variables $t$ and $\varphi $ lead to the constants of motion $E$ and $L$
\begin{equation}
E\equiv -p_{t}=f\dot{t}\,,\qquad L\equiv p_{\varphi }=r^{2}\dot{\varphi}\,.
\label{first_integrals}
\end{equation}%
By inserting these into Eq. (\ref{Lag}), passing to the new radial variable $%
u=1/r$ and introducing $\varphi $ as a dependent variable, we obtain
\begin{equation}
\left( u^{\prime }\right) ^{2}=\frac{E^{2}}{L^{2}}-u^{2}f\,\left( u\right)
\,,  \label{radial}
\end{equation}%
where a prime refers to differentiation with respect to $\varphi $. $%
\allowbreak $

Unless $u^{\prime }=0$ (representing a circular photon orbit),
differentiation of Eq. (\ref{radial}) gives
\begin{equation}
u^{\prime \prime }=-uf\,-\frac{u^{2}}{2}\frac{df}{du}\,\,,  \label{radial2}
\end{equation}%
For $f=1$, when there is no gravitation at all (the metric (\ref{RN})
becomes flat), the above equation simplifies to $u^{\prime \prime }+u=0$,
which is solved for $u=u_{0}=b^{-1}\cos \varphi $. The impact parameter $b$
represents the closest approach of the star on the straight line orbit
obtained by disregarding the gravitational impact of the star (this is the
viewpoint an asymptotic observer will take, as the metric (\ref{RN}) is
asymptotically flat). The polar angle $\varphi $ is measured from the line
pointing from the centre of the star towards the point of closest approach.
With$\ u^{\prime }=0$ at the point of closest approach, given in the
asymptotic limit by $u=b^{-1}$, Eq. (\ref{radial}) with $m=0=q$ gives $b=L/E$%
.

\subsection{Perturbative solution}

Eq. (\ref{radial2}), written in detail, gives
\begin{equation}
u^{\prime \prime }+u=3mu^{2}-2qu^{3}\,\,.  \label{lensing}
\end{equation}%
For studying weak lensing, we look for a perturbative solution in series of
the small parameters
\begin{equation}
\varepsilon =mb^{-1}\,,\qquad \eta =qb^{-2}  \label{params}
\end{equation}%
in the form
\begin{equation}
u=b^{-1}\cos \varphi +\varepsilon u_{1}+\eta v_{1}+\varepsilon
^{2}u_{2}+\eta ^{2}v_{2}+\varepsilon \eta w_{2}+\mathcal{O}\left(
\varepsilon ^{3},\eta ^{3},\varepsilon \eta ^{2},\varepsilon ^{2}\eta
\right) \,.  \label{ansatz}
\end{equation}%
The index on the unknown functions $u_{1},\,u_{2},\,v_{1},\,v_{2}$ and $%
w_{2} $ counts the perturbative order in which they appear. By inserting Eq.
(\ref{ansatz}) into the weak lensing equation (\ref{lensing}) we obtain the
relevant differential equations for the unknown functions. Up to the second
order in both small parameters these are:
\begin{eqnarray}
\varepsilon &:&\qquad u_{1}^{\prime \prime }+u_{1}=3b^{-1}\cos ^{2}\varphi
\,,  \label{ep} \\
\eta &:&\qquad v_{1}^{\prime \prime }+v_{1}=-2b^{-1}\cos ^{3}\varphi \,,
\label{et} \\
\varepsilon ^{2} &:&\qquad u_{2}^{\prime \prime }+u_{2}=3u_{1}\left[
u_{1}\left( m-2qb^{-1}\cos \varphi \right) +2\cos \varphi \right] \,,
\label{ep2} \\
\eta ^{2} &:&\qquad v_{2}^{\prime \prime }+v_{2}=3v_{1}\left[ v_{1}\left(
m-2qb^{-1}\cos \varphi \right) -2\cos ^{2}\varphi \right] \,,  \label{et2} \\
\varepsilon \eta &:&\qquad w_{2}^{\prime \prime }+w_{2}=6\bigl[%
u_{1}v_{1}\left( m-2qb^{-1}\cos \varphi \right)  \nonumber \\
&&\qquad +v_{1}\cos \varphi -u_{1}\cos ^{2}\varphi \bigr]\,.  \label{epet}
\end{eqnarray}%
$\allowbreak $Note that the solutions are not allowed to contain
contributions with the property $f\left( -\varphi \right) =-f\left( \varphi
\right) $, as the zero of $\varphi $ was chosen at the point of closest
approach $r_{\min }$, with respect to which the past and future portions of
the path are symmetric (this is a consequence of the static nature of the
lensing metric (\ref{RN}).) The first order equations (\ref{ep}) and (\ref%
{et}) are solved for$\allowbreak $
\begin{eqnarray}
u_{1} &=&b^{-1}\left[ C_{\varepsilon }\cos \varphi +\frac{1}{2}\left( 3-\cos
2\varphi \right) \right] \,,  \label{u1} \\
v_{1} &=&b^{-1}\left[ C_{\eta }\cos \varphi +\frac{1}{16}\left( \cos
3\varphi -12\varphi \sin \varphi \right) \right] \,,  \label{v1}
\end{eqnarray}%
where $C_{\varepsilon ,~\eta }$ are constants of integration appearing at
the order shown by their indices and we have dropped (by choosing as zero
their pre-factors, which are constants of integration) the terms
proportional to $\sin \varphi $, in accordance with the earlier remark. To
keep all terms in $u_{1}$ and $v_{1}$ of comparable order, we have factored
out $b^{-1}$ from the constants. Thus, both $mu_{1}$ and $mv_{1}$ are of
order $\varepsilon $, while both $qb^{-1}u_{1}$ and $qb^{-1}v_{1}$ are of
order $\eta $. In consequence, all these terms drop out from Eqs. (\ref{ep2}%
)-(\ref{epet}), which are then solved for
\begin{eqnarray}
u_{2} &=&b^{-1}\left[ C_{\varepsilon ^{2}}\cos \varphi +C_{\varepsilon
}\left( 3-\cos 2\varphi \right) +\frac{3}{16}\left( \cos 3\varphi +20\varphi
\sin \varphi \right) \right] \,,  \label{u2} \\
v_{2} &=&b^{-1}\bigl[C_{\eta ^{2}}\cos \varphi +\frac{3}{16}C_{\eta }\left(
\cos 3\varphi -12\varphi \sin \varphi \right)  \nonumber \\
&&+\frac{1}{256}\bigl(-21\cos 3\varphi +\cos 5\varphi +60\varphi \sin \varphi
\nonumber \\
&&-36\varphi \sin 3\varphi -72\varphi ^{2}\cos \varphi \bigr)\bigr]\,,
\label{v2} \\
w_{2} &=&b^{-1}\bigl[C_{\varepsilon \eta }\cos \varphi +C_{\eta }\left(
3-\cos 2\varphi \right) +\frac{3}{16}C_{\varepsilon }\left( \cos 3\varphi
-12\varphi \sin \varphi \right)  \nonumber \\
&&+\frac{1}{16}\left( -60+31\cos 2\varphi -\cos 4\varphi +12\varphi \sin
2\varphi \right) \bigr]\,,  \label{w2}
\end{eqnarray}%
where $C_{\varepsilon ^{2},~\eta ^{2},~\varepsilon \eta }$ represent
additional constants of integration (and as before, we have dropped $\sin
\varphi $ terms, which also arise by integration). The remaining integration
constants can be fixed by inserting the solution (\ref{ansatz}) with the
coefficients (\ref{u1})-(\ref{w2}) into Eq. (\ref{radial}). They are $%
\allowbreak \allowbreak \allowbreak C_{\varepsilon }=C_{\varepsilon \eta
}=0,~C_{\eta }=-9/16,~C_{\varepsilon ^{2}}=37/16,~C_{\eta ^{2}}=271/256$.
With this, we have found the generic solution of Eq. (\ref{radial}), up to
the second order in both small parameters:

\begin{eqnarray}
bu &=&\cos \varphi +\frac{\varepsilon }{2}\left( 3-\cos 2\varphi \right) -%
\frac{\eta }{16}\left( 9\cos \varphi -\cos 3\varphi +12\varphi \sin \varphi
\right)  \nonumber \\
&&+\frac{\varepsilon ^{2}}{16}\left( 37\cos \varphi +3\cos 3\varphi
+60\varphi \sin \varphi \right)  \nonumber \\
&&+\frac{\eta ^{2}}{256}\bigl(271\cos \varphi -48\cos 3\varphi +\cos 5\varphi
\nonumber \\
&&+384\varphi \sin \varphi -36\varphi \sin 3\varphi -72\varphi ^{2}\cos
\varphi \bigr)  \nonumber \\
&&+\frac{\varepsilon \eta }{16}\left( -87+40\cos 2\varphi -\cos 4\varphi
+12\varphi \sin 2\varphi \right) ~.  \label{u}
\end{eqnarray}%
(Note that the coefficients of $\cos \varphi $ in the $\varepsilon ^{2}$ and
$\eta ^{2}$ terms are corrected with respect to reference \cite{GeDa}, where
in the solution of Eq. (\ref{lensing}) the choice of the constants $%
C_{\varepsilon ^{2}}$ and $C_{\eta ^{2}}$ was not verified to solve Eq. (\ref%
{radial}).)

$\allowbreak $Far away from the lensing object $u=0$ and $\,\varphi =\pm \pi
/2\pm \delta \varphi /2$, where the $+\left( -\right) $ sign is for the
light signal in the distant future (past), and $\delta \varphi $ represents
the angle with which the light ray is bent by the lensing object with mass $%
m $ and tidal charge $q$. In our second-order approach this has the form:\
\begin{equation}
\delta \varphi =\varepsilon \alpha _{1}+\eta \beta _{1}+\varepsilon
^{2}\alpha _{2}+\eta ^{2}\beta _{2}+\varepsilon \eta \gamma _{2}+\mathcal{O}%
\left( \varepsilon ^{3},\eta ^{3},\varepsilon \eta ^{2},\varepsilon ^{2}\eta
\right) \,.
\end{equation}%
A power series expansion of the solution (\ref{u}) in the small parameters
then gives the coefficients of the above expansion, and the deflection angle
becomes:%
\begin{equation}
\delta \varphi =4\varepsilon -\frac{3\pi }{4}\eta +\frac{15\pi }{4}%
\varepsilon ^{2}+\frac{105\pi }{64}\eta ^{2}-16\varepsilon \eta \,.
\label{phivariation}
\end{equation}%
The first three terms of this expansion were already given in \cite{Hobill}
for the Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole. There, however the argument that $%
\eta $ is of $\epsilon ^{2}$ order was advanced. In brane-worlds there is no
a priori reason for considering only small values of the tidal charge, thus
we have computed the deflection angle $\delta \varphi $ containing all
possible contributions up to second order in both parameters.

The deflection angle however is given in terms of the Minkowskian impact
parameter $b$. It would be useful to write this in term of the distance of
minimal approach $r_{\min }$ as well. The minimal approach is found by
inserting the values $u=1/r_{\min }$ and $\varphi =0$ in Eq. (\ref{u}):%
\begin{equation}
r_{\min }=b\left( 1\allowbreak -\varepsilon +\allowbreak \frac{1}{2}\eta -%
\frac{3}{2}\varepsilon ^{2}-\frac{5}{8}\eta ^{2}+2\varepsilon \eta \right) ~.
\end{equation}%
Inverting this formula gives to second order accuracy (the small parameters
being now $m/r_{\min }$ and $q/r_{\min }^{2}$):%
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{b}=\frac{1}{r_{\min }}\left( 1\allowbreak -\frac{m}{r_{\min }}%
\allowbreak +\allowbreak \frac{q}{2r_{\min }^{2}}\allowbreak -\frac{m^{2}}{%
2r_{\min }^{2}}-\frac{q^{2}}{8r_{\min }^{4}}+\frac{mq}{2r_{\min }^{3}}%
\right) ~.
\end{equation}%
As the deflection angle consists only of first and second order
contributions, the above formula is needed only to first order for
expressing $\delta \varphi $ in terms of the minimal approach:
\begin{equation}
\delta \varphi =\allowbreak \allowbreak \frac{4m}{r_{\min }}-\frac{3\pi q}{%
4r_{\min }^{2}}\allowbreak \allowbreak +\frac{\left( 15\pi -16\right) m^{2}}{%
4r_{\min }^{2}}+\frac{57\pi q^{2}}{64r_{\min }^{4}}+\frac{\left( 3\pi
-28\right) mq}{2r_{\min }^{3}}\,.  \label{deflection2}
\end{equation}%
The first three terms again agree with the ones given in \cite{Hobill}, when
$q=Q^{2}$.

\section{Hamiltonian approach}

In this section we employ the eikonal method for deriving the light
deflection angle. Subsection 3.1 follows the derivation presented in Ref.
\cite{BoehmerHarkoLobo}, which in turn is based on Ref. \cite{Landau}.
Instead of the coordinate transformation employed in Ref. \cite%
{BoehmerHarkoLobo}, in subsection 3.2 we follow a perturbative approach
based on a double expansion in both small parameters. This ensures a higher
accuracy of the perturbative result, and we recover the deflection angle (%
\ref{deflection2}). Some of the technical details are presented in the
Appendix.

\subsection{Light deflection from the eikonal equation}

This derivation starts from the general relativistic eikonal equation
(Hamilton-Jacobi equation)%
\begin{equation}
g^{ab}\frac{\partial \Psi }{\partial x^{a}}\frac{\partial \Psi }{\partial
x^{b}}=0~.  \label{eikonal}
\end{equation}%
Here the function $\Psi $ is the rapidly varying real phase of the complex
electromagnetic 4-potential $A_{a}=$\textrm{Re}$\left[ \mathcal{A}_{a}\exp
\left( i\Psi \right) \right] $ and $k_{a}=\partial \Psi /\partial x^{a}$ is
the wave vector. The complex amplitude varies only slowly in the geometrical
optics (eikonal / high-frequency) approximation: the wavelength is small
compared to either of the characteristic curvature radius or the typical
length of variation of the optical properties. The normalized version of the
complex amplitude is the polarization vector. Light rays are defined as the
integral curves of $k^{a}$ and they are perpendicular to the wave-fronts,
the surfaces of constant phase. The eikonal equation then is but the
condition that the wave vector is null. The vacuum Maxwell equations further
imply that light travels along null geodesics, $k^{a}\nabla _{a}k^{b}=0$ and
the polarization vector is perpendicular to the light rays and parallel
propagated along them (fore more details see Chapter 1.8. of Ref. \cite%
{Straumann}.

As before, we discuss orbits in the equatorial plane\ $\theta =\pi /2$. Due
to the symmetries of the problem the eikonal function (which is the
Hamilton-Jacobi action) can be chosen as
\begin{equation}
\Psi =E\left( -t+b\varphi \right) +\psi _{r}\left( r\right) ~,  \label{Psi1}
\end{equation}%
where we have employed the relation $L=bE$ derived at the end of subsection
2.1.

The eikonal equation (\ref{eikonal}) gives for the unknown radial function
\begin{eqnarray}
\psi _{r} &=&E\int \mathcal{C}\left( r\right) dr~, \\
\mathcal{C}\left( r\right) &=&\pm \sqrt{\frac{r^{4}}{\left(
r^{2}-2b\varepsilon r+b^{2}\eta \right) ^{2}}-\frac{b^{2}}{%
r^{2}-2b\varepsilon r+b^{2}\eta }}~.  \label{psir}
\end{eqnarray}%
Here we have employed the definition (\ref{params}) of the small parameters $%
\varepsilon $ and $\eta $ and we choose the negative root in front of the
square root when $r$ decreases (the photon approaches the lensing object)
and the positive root when $r$ increases (the photon has already overpassed
the lensing object). This choice assures $d\psi _{r}\left( r\right) =E%
\mathcal{C}\left( r\right) dr>0$, regardless whether the photon is
approaching or departing from the point of closest approach.

By differentiating Eq. (\ref{Psi1}) with respect to $L$ we obtain%
\begin{equation}
\frac{d\Psi }{dL}=\varphi +\frac{d\psi _{r}}{dL}~,  \label{PsiL}
\end{equation}%
however due to Jacobi's Theorem the derivative of the Hamilton-Jacobi action
with respect to a canonical constant (in this case $L$), gives another
canonical constant. [$\Psi $ is the generating function of the canonical
transformation to pairs of variables trivially obeying the Hamiltonian
equations; in the present case $L$ and $d\Psi /dL$ such that $\left(
d/d\lambda \right) L=0=\left( d/d\lambda \right) \left( d\Psi /dL\right) $,
where $\lambda $\thinspace\ is a parameter along the trajectory of the
photon.]

For later convenience we introduce a new auxiliary variable $\phi $ by $%
r=b/\cos \phi $. To zeroth order in the small parameters the relation $%
\varphi =\phi $ holds, see the remarks at the end of subsection 2.1. As $%
r>0\,$\ we have $\arccos \left( b/r\right) =\left\vert \phi \right\vert $,
in other words $\phi =~\mathrm{sgn}\phi \arccos \left( b/r\right) $. The
variable $\phi $ exists for any $r\geq b$. By evaluating Eq. (\ref{PsiL}) at
two points $r\geq b$ on the trajectory $\varphi \left( \phi \right) $ and
forming the difference leads to%
\begin{equation}
\varphi \left( \phi _{2}\right) -\varphi \left( \phi _{1}\right) =-\left.
\frac{d\psi _{r}}{dL}\right\vert _{\phi _{2}}+\left. \frac{d\psi _{r}}{dL}%
\right\vert _{\phi _{1}}~.  \label{PsiL1}
\end{equation}

While the photon travels from the infinity to the point of closest approach $%
r=r_{\min }$ and then back to infinity, the total change in the polar angle $%
\varphi $ can be found in a limiting process as%
\begin{equation}
\Delta \varphi =-\lim_{\Phi \rightarrow \pi /2}\left( \left. \frac{\partial
\psi _{r}}{\partial L}\right\vert _{\Phi }-\left. \frac{\partial \psi _{r}}{%
\partial L}\right\vert _{-\Phi }\right) ~.  \label{DeltaPhi}
\end{equation}%
(Here $\Phi \geq 0$.)

\subsection{Perturbative solution}

We expand the radial function $\psi _{r}$ given by (\ref{psir})\ to second
order accuracy in both $\varepsilon $ and $\eta $:
\begin{eqnarray}
\psi _{r} &=&L\int \mathcal{C}\left( \phi \right) \frac{\sin \phi }{\cos
^{2}\phi }d\phi ~, \\
\mathcal{C}\left( \phi \right) &=&\sin \phi +\left( \varepsilon -\frac{1}{2}%
\eta \cos \phi \right) \frac{\left( 2-\cos ^{2}\phi \right) \cos \phi }{\sin
\phi }\allowbreak  \nonumber \\
&&+\frac{1}{2}\left( \varepsilon -\frac{1}{2}\eta \cos \phi \right) ^{2}%
\frac{\cos ^{2}\phi }{\sin ^{3}\phi }  \nonumber \\
&&\times \left[ 4\left( 3-\cos ^{2}\phi \right) \sin ^{2}\phi -\left( 2-\cos
^{2}\phi \right) ^{2}\right] \allowbreak ~.  \label{psi_phi_integrand}
\end{eqnarray}%
The expression $\mathcal{C}\left( \phi \right) \equiv \mathcal{C}\left(
r=b/\cos \phi \right) $ changes sign with $\mathrm{sgn}\phi $, in accordance
with the assumption made in Eq. (\ref{psir}) for the sign in front of the
square root.

By the computation presented in the Appendix it is immediate to derive the
zeroth, $\varepsilon ,~\eta ,~\varepsilon ^{2},~\eta ^{2},~\varepsilon \eta $
order contributions to $\Delta \varphi $ as $\left( \pi ,~\!4,~\!\!-\!3\pi
/4,~\!15\pi /4,~\!105\pi /64,~\!\!-\!16\right) $.

To zeroth order we have found that $\left( \Delta \varphi \right) _{0}=\pi $%
, thus the path of the photon in the absence of the perturbing object with
mass $m$ and tidal charge $q$ is a straight line. Thus the deflection caused
by the\textbf{\ }mass and tidal charge of the lensing object\ when the
photon travels from the infinity to the nearest point $r=r_{\min }$ and then
back to the infinity is given by\textbf{\ }$\delta \varphi =\Delta \varphi
-\pi $\textbf{.}

In consequence the term-by-term computation by the limiting process (\ref%
{DeltaPhi}) reproduces exactly the deflection angle (\ref{phivariation}),
derived earlier in a Lagrangian approach.

\section{Solar system constraints}

The most important difference in comparing Eq. (\ref{phivariation}) to Eq.
(27) of Ref. \cite{BoehmerHarkoLobo} is the presence of the $\eta $-term in
our result, which turns out to be the dominant contribution to the
deflection angle caused by the tidal charge. This is $\varepsilon ^{-1}$
times larger than the $\varepsilon \eta $ mixed term.

This implies that the constraints on the tidal charge derived in Ref. \cite%
{BoehmerHarkoLobo}, as imposed by the measurements of the deflection of
light by the Sun should be re-evaluated. For this we follow the logic of Ref
\cite{BoehmerHarkoLobo}, but apply the observational constraint to the $\eta
$ term (rather than $\varepsilon \eta $). Long baseline radio interferometry
measurements \cite{RadioInt}-\cite{RadioInt2} give $\delta \varphi =\delta
_{\varepsilon }\varphi \left( 1+\xi \right) $, with $\xi <$ $\xi _{\max
}=\pm 0.0017$.\textbf{\ }By assuming that the dominant deviation from the
(first order) Schwarzschild value is due to the tidal charge, we obtain: $%
\delta _{\varepsilon }\varphi \xi _{\max }=\left( \delta _{\eta }\varphi
\right) _{\max }$, thus $16\varepsilon \xi _{\max }=3\pi \left( -\eta
\right) _{\max }$ or $16mb\xi _{\max }=3\pi \left( -q\right) _{\max }$. With
the mass of the Sun $m=M_{\odot }=1476.685\mathrm{m}$ and the smallest
possible impact parameter (equal to the closest possible approach $r_{\min
}=R_{\odot }=$ $695990$ $\mathrm{km}$), in the first order approximation
employed here:%
\begin{equation}
\left\vert q\right\vert _{\max }=\frac{16\left\vert \xi _{\max }\right\vert
}{3\pi }M_{\odot }R_{\odot }=2966\mathrm{km}^{2}~.  \label{qmax}
\end{equation}%
The junction conditions of the tidal charged brane black hole with a star of
uniform density $\rho \,$ (which dominates over the tidal contribution to
the energy density), applied for the Sun give a negative tidal charge \cite%
{GermaniMaartens}:%
\begin{equation}
q_{\odot }=-\frac{3M_{\odot }R_{\odot }\rho _{\odot }}{\lambda }~.  \label{q}
\end{equation}%
From $-q_{\odot }\leq \left\vert q\right\vert _{\max }$ we find%
\begin{equation}
\lambda \geq \frac{3M_{\odot }R_{\odot }\rho _{\odot }}{\left\vert
q\right\vert _{\max }}=\frac{9\pi \rho _{\odot }}{16\left\vert \xi _{\max
}\right\vert }=1464.066\frac{\mathrm{g}}{\mathrm{cm}^{3}}=6.310\cdot 10^{-3}%
\mathrm{MeV}^{4}~.
\end{equation}%
The constraint on the brane tension from Solar System measurements is
therefore 5 orders of magnitude stronger than derived in Ref. \cite%
{BoehmerHarkoLobo}, however still far weaker than all other constraints ($%
\lambda \geq 138.59$ \textrm{TeV}$^{4}$ from table-top experiments \cite%
{braneworldgrav}, \cite{IrradFriedmann}, $\lambda \geq 1$\textrm{MeV}$^{4}$
from nucleosynthesis \cite{BBNLim} and $\lambda \geq 5\times 10^{8}$ \textrm{%
MeV}$^{4}$ from neutron stars \cite{GermaniMaartens}).

\section{Concluding remarks}

In this paper we have computed the light deflection angle due to a tidal
charged brane black hole /\ naked singularity / star (depending on $q$), up
to second order in the two small parameters $\varepsilon $ and $\eta $,
related to the mass and tidal charge of the lensing object. We have carried
on this task by two distinct methods and obtained identical results.

The first method relies on a Lagrangian, while the second on a
Hamilton-Jacobi approach. The latter was first applied in Ref. \cite%
{BoehmerHarkoLobo}, however that calculation focused only on the first order
correction in $q$ of the Schwarzschild deflection angle (thus an $%
\varepsilon \eta $-contribution in our terminology), given in their Eq. (27).

In comparison, besides the Schwarzschild contribution $\varepsilon $, our
result (\ref{phivariation}) for the light deflection angle contains the
second order Schwarzschild correction $\varepsilon ^{2}$, the first and
second order tidal contributions $\eta $ and $\eta ^{2}$, finally the mixed
contribution $\varepsilon \eta $. The latter turns out to be twice the value
given in Ref. \cite{BoehmerHarkoLobo}, where the expansion was not performed
everywhere to this order (for example in the Jacobian of the transformation
involved there). As a consequence of these improvements we have strengthened
the limit imposed on the brane tension by Solar System measurements by 5
orders of magnitude.

As already remarked in \cite{Sereno}, the electric charge of the
Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole decreases the deflection angle, as
compared to the Schwarz\-schild case. The same holds true for a \textit{%
positive} tidal charge. If the condition $16mr_{\min }=3\pi q$ is obeyed,
the first order contributions to the deflection angle cancel (there is no
deflection to first order) and the three second order terms of $\delta
\varphi $ presented in this paper give the leading effect to weak lensing.

Furthermore, $16mr_{\min }<3\pi q$ could be obeyed, leading to a \textit{%
negative} deflection angle (to first order). That would mean that rather
than magnifying distant light sources, such a lensing object will demagnify
them.

By contrast, a negative tidal charge can considerably increase the lensing
effect. Such negative tidal charged brane black holes arise naturally as
exteriors of static brane stars composed of ideal fluid with constant
density \cite{GermaniMaartens}. Therefore a negative tidal charge could be
responsible at least for part of the lensing effects attributed at present
to dark matter. However in line with the Solar System constraint (\ref{qmax}%
) imposed in this paper on the tidal charge of the Sun, we do not expect
these contributions to be very large.

\ack

This work was supported by the Hungarian OTKA grant No.~69036. L\'{A}G was
further supported the London South Bank University Research Opportunities
Fund and the Pol\'{a}nyi Program of the Hungarian National Office for
Research and Technology (NKTH).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: Get the key with the minimum value in a dictionary of dictionaries I have to write a function find_first_read in order to find the particular Read-key in the dictionary of dictionaries, that contain values less than 2
desired output
find_first_read(some_dict)
'Read4'

What should I change in my code below to get the desired output:
some_dict = {'Read1': {'Read3': 0, 'Read2': 1, 'Read5': 1, 'Read4': 0, 'Read6': 29},
            'Read3': {'Read1': 0, 'Read2': 0, 'Read5': 0, 'Read4': 1, 'Read6': 1},
            'Read2': {'Read1': 13, 'Read3': 1, 'Read5': 21, 'Read4': 0, 'Read6': 0},
            'Read5': {'Read1': 39, 'Read3': 0, 'Read2': 1, 'Read4': 0, 'Read6': 14},
            'Read4': {'Read1': 1, 'Read3': 1, 'Read2': 17, 'Read5': 2, 'Read6': 0},
            'Read6': {'Read1': 0, 'Read3': 43, 'Read2': 0, 'Read5': 0, 'Read4': 1}}

def find_first_read(some_dict):
    positions = [] # output variable
    min_value = 2
    for k, v in some_dict.items():
        if v < min_value:
            positions.append(k)
    return positions

A: You are actually trying to compare your min_value to another dict. You have to add another loop to get the nested values. To make the output more clear, I return it as a list of keys instead of a single key to make up for the nesting.
some_dict = {'Read1': {'Read3': 0, 'Read2': 1, 'Read5': 1, 'Read4': 0, 'Read6': 29},
            'Read3': {'Read1': 0, 'Read2': 0, 'Read5': 0, 'Read4': 1, 'Read6': 1},
            'Read2': {'Read1': 13, 'Read3': 1, 'Read5': 21, 'Read4': 0, 'Read6': 0},
            'Read5': {'Read1': 39, 'Read3': 0, 'Read2': 1, 'Read4': 0, 'Read6': 14},
            'Read4': {'Read1': 1, 'Read3': 1, 'Read2': 17, 'Read5': 2, 'Read6': 0},
            'Read6': {'Read1': 0, 'Read3': 43, 'Read2': 0, 'Read5': 0, 'Read4': 1}}

def find_first_read(some_dict):
    positions = [] # output variable
    min_value = 2
    for k, v in some_dict.items():
        for ki, vi in v.items():
            if vi < min_value:
                positions.append([k, ki])
    return positions

print(find_first_read(some_dict))

output:
[['Read1', 'Read3'], ['Read1', 'Read2'], ['Read1', 'Read5'], ['Read1', 'Read4'],
['Read3', 'Read1'], ['Read3', 'Read2'], ['Read3', 'Read5'], ['Read3', 'Read4'],
['Read3', 'Read6'], ['Read2', 'Read3'], ['Read2', 'Read4'], ['Read2', 'Read6'],
['Read5', 'Read3'], ['Read5', 'Read2'], ['Read5', 'Read4'], ['Read4', 'Read1'],
['Read4', 'Read3'], ['Read4', 'Read6'], ['Read6', 'Read1'], ['Read6', 'Read2'],
['Read6', 'Read5'], ['Read6', 'Read4']]

A: Use:
from collections import defaultdict

def find_first_read(data):

    d = defaultdict(list)
    for key, values in data.items():
        for k, v in values.items():
            d[k].append(v)

    # for example the dictionary has the item "Read4", [0, 1, 0, 0, 1]
    return next(k for k, vs in d.items() if all(v < 2 for v in vs))

some_dict = {'Read1': {'Read3': 0, 'Read2': 1, 'Read5': 1, 'Read4': 0, 'Read6': 29},
             'Read3': {'Read1': 0, 'Read2': 0, 'Read5': 0, 'Read4': 1, 'Read6': 1},
             'Read2': {'Read1': 13, 'Read3': 1, 'Read5': 21, 'Read4': 0, 'Read6': 0},
             'Read5': {'Read1': 39, 'Read3': 0, 'Read2': 1, 'Read4': 0, 'Read6': 14},
             'Read4': {'Read1': 1, 'Read3': 1, 'Read2': 17, 'Read5': 2, 'Read6': 0},
             'Read6': {'Read1': 0, 'Read3': 43, 'Read2': 0, 'Read5': 0, 'Read4': 1}}

res = find_first_read(some_dict)
print(res)

Output
Read4

Steps
After the nested for loops, d has the following value:
{'Read1': [0, 13, 39, 1, 0],
 'Read2': [1, 0, 1, 17, 0],
 'Read3': [0, 1, 0, 1, 43],
 'Read4': [0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
 'Read5': [1, 0, 21, 2, 0],
 'Read6': [29, 1, 0, 14, 0]}

The final line uses next to fetch the first value of the generator expression:
k for k, vs in d.items() if all(v < 2 for v in vs)

this expression iterates over the key, value pairs of d and returns the keys that has all values less than 2, the last part is checked using the function all.

A: You can try this:
positions=[]
for k, v in some_dict.items():
  for x, y in v.items():
    if y>=2:
      positions.append(x)
positions = list(set(positions))
output=[]
for k in some_dict:
  if k not in positions:
    output.append(k)
print(output)

output:
['Read4']

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


From our dedicated network of maintenance engineers throughout the UK we provide you with a single point of contact for both fire and security system maintenance to ensure the highest standard of performance is delivered to specification. By assigning a dedicated engineer to each system we gain an understanding of users working practices and collaborate to ensure the system evolves with user requirements and/or building layout changes.
To continue and develop best practices we support development through the use of a competency framework, site audits and regular in-house training.


This story, the second on Lily, chronicles Jennifer Kronholm's efforts to read with her daughter, as part of the 1,000 Books Before Kindergarten program at the Scoville Library in Salisbury.
Lily owns 68 picture books. We have read 34 of them. The other half may take a while to get through.
Turns out, all picture books are not created equal. Some are short, some are long. Some have bold, simple shapes while others feature lush illustrations. Some have sturdy, thick pages and others might as well be written on typing paper.
In short, some are baby-friendly and others are aimed at older children.


Instead of getting together just for a movie, have even more fun with your friends with a fun activity. Invite all of them to a cooking session. Choose whether you guys want to learn how to bake, grill, or sizzle. Our celebrity chef will give you and your friends a personalized class with something to remember.
Booking is one week prior and subject to availability.
If you are looking at creating a special class then we need 15 days prior intimation for discussion and finalizing the menu.
Six people are required to make a session private.
Any specific allergies need to be pre-notified.
You get to taste what you make and we give hard copies of the recipes so you can revisit them anytime.


Myth #13 – Vitamin C reduces your risk of catching a cold | Was Mom Wrong?
If you are one of the millions who rush to the store for vitamin C at the first sign of the sniffles, current research findings suggest that you may be wasting your money. For many years the question of whether vitamin C can prevent colds has been controversial. Vitamin C was the very first vitamin to be isolated and was artificially synthesized in the 1930's; however, it wasn't until the 1970's that the topic generated great public interest when Linus Pauling (awarded Nobel Prizes in chemistry and peace) widely publicized previous research results suggesting that vitamin C might help prevent colds. Over the next decade a large number of well-designed studies were conducted to try and replicate this earlier research. Many of these studies have been summarized in a review article published by Hemila, et al. (2009), which only considered studies in which participants received two hundred milligrams or more of vitamin C per day and also used placebo comparisons (an indicator of a higher quality study). The results of thirty studies, which together had over eleven thousand research participants, revealed that vitamin C had little effect on whether they caught a cold or not. The authors concluded, "The failure of vitamin C supplementation to reduce the incidence of colds in the normal population indicates that routine mega-dose prophylaxis is not rationally justified for community use." For most people, vitamin C supplementation doesn't help prevent colds. Interestingly, six studies in which marathon runners and skiers were exposed to periods of extreme physical or cold stress showed that vitamin C supplementation did cut the risk of developing a cold by fifty percent. So if you engage in physically demanding activities, especially in cold weather, vitamin C might help you fend off a cold.
Hemila, H., Chalker, E., Treacy, B., and Douglas, B. Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews (2009), Issue 3, CD000980.


text:
Alberta Budget 2017: $49.5M to fund affordable housing project in north Edmonton
By Caley Ramsay	Global News
Posted March 17, 2017 5:34 pm
Updated March 17, 2017 6:28 pm
An architectural sketch of the Londonderry affordable housing redevelopment in Edmonton.	 Provided by Government of Alberta
Thursday's provincial budget announced 220 affordable housing units would be constructed in north Edmonton and on Friday the city released details about the project.
The $49.5 million in provincial funding will be used for the Londonderry affordable housing renewal project in the Kilkenny neighbourhood.
READ MORE: Demand for affordable housing in Edmonton more than triples since fall 2014
Capital Region Housing Corporation will build the development on city-owned land in the area of 144 Avenue and 72 Street. The new units will replace 80 aging social housing units.
The development will feature two-storey townhomes on the ground floor and one- to three-bedroom apartments above that can accommodate people with mobility challenges.
READ MORE: Alberta government announces more than $5.6M in funding for affordable housing planning
The units will be a mixture of market-priced and affordable units. The city said this model will make the project financially sustainable without the need for ongoing subsidies from the province.
"This exciting and innovative model provides housing in a financially sustainable way, which can be replicated in future projects and will help improve the quality of living for those in need," Mayor Don Iveson said.
READ MORE: What's in Alberta Budget 2017 for Edmonton? New hospital, 4 schools
"Ensuring all Edmontonians have an affordable place to live is important to building our city," said Jay Freeman, executive director of Housing and Homelessness with the City of Edmonton. "A sufficient supply of affordable housing helps to support a healthy labour market, is crucial to enabling long-term financial stability of low-income households, and has been a identified as a key pathway out of poverty."
The following statement was provided to Global News from the minister of Seniors and Housing.
"All Albertans deserve a safe and affordable place to call home," Lori Sigurdson said. "That's why our government is committed to making life better for Albertans by investing in affordable housing."
The project is expected to generate up to 975 jobs, according to the Federation of Canadian Municipalities.
The Londonderry affordable housing renewal project is currently in the design phase. Construction is expected to begin later this year.
Follow @CaleyRamsay
City seeks input on Edmonton's affordable housing strategy
Mayor Don Iveson 'encouraged' by federal-provincial cooperation on affordable housing
Mill Woods affordable housing set to open in 2018
Affordable HousingAlberta budget 2017Alberta budget Edmontoncapital region housingEdmonton Affordable HousingLondonderry affordable housingNorth Edmonton affordable housing
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
MainAll NewsMiddle EastFatah and Hamas to Relaunch Unity Efforts
Fatah and Hamas to Relaunch Unity Efforts
Prime Minister Netanyahu derides PA zig-zagging: 'When they want peace they should let us know.'
Ari Soffer and AFP, 22/04/14 18:06
PA's Abbas and Hamas's Haniyeh meet, Feb 2012
Fatah and Hamas have relaunched efforts to reconcile their rival leaderships in Judea-Samaria and the Gaza Strip, as US-brokered peace talks with Israel teeter on the edge of collapse.
A week before a nine-month target originally set for a deal between Israel and the Palestinian Authority, which is run by PA chairman Mahmoud Abbas' Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), a PLO delegation was expected in Gaza City on Tuesday to try to revive long-stagnant unity efforts.
The team is being led by Azzam al-Ahmad, a senior figure in Abbas' Arab nationalist Fatah party which dominates the PLO.
Independent MP Mustafa Barghouti and figures from two leftist parties, the Palestinian People's Party and the Palestinian Arab Front, are also in the delegation.
They were to meet with Ismail Haniya, prime minister of the Hamas government which rules Gaza, and the number two in the Palestinian Islamist movement, Mussa Abu Marzuq, who arrived from Cairo on Monday.
At the same time, Palestinian Authority officials refloated and then played down a threat to dismantle the PA, which is Israel's negotiating partner, if their peace talks remain deadlocked.
"No Palestinian is speaking of an initiative to dismantle the Palestinian Authority," chief negotiator Saeb Erakat said on Tuesday. "But Israel's actions have annulled all the legal, political, security, economic and operational aspects of the prerogatives of the Palestinian Authority."
The PA was set up under the 1993 Oslo accords and has won widespread international recognition but is fully dependent on foreign aid for its administration of autonomous areas of Judea and Samaria.
PA negotiators have warned they may hand responsibility for governing areas under their control to Israel, a senior official said on Sunday.
He said the PA had told US peace envoy Martin Indyk that unless Israel releases convicted terrorists and freezes building in Jewish communities throughout Judea and Samaria, they could dismantle the Authority.
Israel has already freed most of the 104 terrorists set to be released as part of negotiations, but cancelled the final batch after the PA indicated it would be walking away from negotiations come April 29. Israeli officials pointed out the release was contingent on substantive progress in talks, but the PA insists Israel must go through with the move regardless of progress.
US State Department spokeswoman Jennifer Psaki criticized the PA's threat as "extreme" and warned that any such move would affect American aid to Ramallah.
On the Israeli side, Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu accused the PA of endangering the peace process.
"The Palestinian Authority, which yesterday was talking about its dismantlement, is today talking about unity with Hamas," which fiercely opposes any peace talks with Israel and calls for its destruction, Netanyahu said.
"They need to decide... Do they want to dismantle themselves or to unite with Hamas? When they want peace (with Israel), they should let us know."
Consensus government, elections
Fatah, the PLO's main component, and Hamas signed a reconciliation accord in Cairo in 2011 aimed at ending the political divide between Gaza and the PA-ruled enclaves of Judea and Samaria.
But deadlines have come and gone without any progress in implementing provisions of the accord.
According to Barghouti, the two sides will discuss "forming a national consensus government and holding elections," among other issues.
At the same time, US peace envoy Martin Indyk was to take part in a fresh attempt to salvage talks between Israel and the Palestinian Authority at a meeting in Jerusalem.
PA official Abbas Zaki said Abbas was ready to extend the talks, but only if the prisoners walk free and Israel freezes building in Judea-Samaria, and commits to "serious discussions on borders" in the first three months.
Zaki has previously claimed that the PA was only conducting negotiations as part of a wider strategy to ultimately destroy the State of Israel entirely.
Tags:Hamas, Fatah, Mahmoud Abbas, Binyamin Netanyahu, Fatah-Hamas reconciliation, peace talks, Abbas Zaki


Jagged glaciers, snow-topped peaks, glittering turquoise lakes and lively beech forests make Patagonia one of the most dramatically beautiful landscapes in the world. Shared across Argentina and Chile, this wild and barren land takes your breath away at every turn; a treasure trove of unique natural beauty. Plus, with excellent hiking trails and decent tourist infrastructure, Patagonia isn't as difficult to travel as you might expect.
You'll want to pack your boots on this trip. Although you can get around by bus or car and see some spectacular sights on the horizon, the best way to get up close and personal with all that beauty is to take a hike. Trust us, the graft's worth it: wandering Patagonia's jagged mountain passes and breathing its crisp air is one of life's most energising pleasures.
Located in Argentina's deep south, the mammoth Perito Merino glacier is one of the most spectacular in the world, beaming pure white amongst the azure waters, and is best experienced on a hiking tour. Unlike most of the earth's glaciers, Perito Merino is still growing, which causes dynamic, fascinating changes in the landscape. You can frequently witness large hunks of ice fracture and crash into the turquoise waters below. The highlight of the tour? Admiring the scenery while enjoying a fiery whiskey on the rocks- in which the rocks are 17,000-year-old glacial ice. Trust us, it really brings out the flavour.
Encompassing lakes, rivers, mountains and glaciers, the Chilean Torres Del Paine National Park is one of the most recognisable symbols of Patagonia's natural beauty. A backpack and some comfy boots are all that's needed for a unique hiking adventure, as you dive deep into a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve. With 17 hours of daylight during the summer months, watching the Torres Del Paine horns reach into the sky, glowing furious violets and reds as the sun sets, is an experience that has no comparison. Keep a look out for foxes, condors deer and maybe even the elusive puma.
Want to get away from the crowds and enjoy some authentic, rustic Patagonian culture? Gaucho culture and Estancias (working farms) are a large part of Patagonian life, and the Estancias provide excellent starting points for various hikes and wildlife trips. The best way to experience the Gaucho way of life? By soaking up all that scenery atop a noble steed, of course. Estancias host many single or multi-day horse-riding trips, where you can spot wildlife and traverse mind boggling terrains.
You've admired the glaciers of El Chalten, but how about picking up a pair of axes and climbing it? Whether you're a pro or this is your first time on the ice, as you're led to the beautiful white wall you'll feel a thrill like no other.
This is a lovely way to while away a few hours in El Calafate, admiring the snow-capped mountains as they're reflected in the water, Peacefully gaze at the pink flamingos as they flock to the edge of the lagoon, dancing and bickering on the horizon. When these beautiful birds get together in these kinds of numbers, it's difficult not to feel your heart swell.
Boasting fascinating natural and anthropological history, check out Patagonia's museums to dive deep into the local culture.
One of the only glacier museums in the world, the Glaciarium Ice Museum is a must-visit. With unique architecture that's reminiscent of a glacier, this imposing building includes models, dioramas, photos and 3D documentaries that seek to enhance the understanding of glaciers and environmental issues.
Francisco P. Moreno Museum is a tribute to the great man who toured around the Andes and Patagonia, donating the lands for Argentina's first national park. Covering natural sciences, geology, prehistory, aboriginal and info on Patagonia's many national parks, it paints a vivid picture of this region's spectacular natural history.
The Museum of Paleontology Egidio Feruglio is a science research and exhibition centre in Trelew city. Its exhibitions focus on the fossilised remains of the fauna and flora of Patagonia, as well as the geological changes that affected the region throughout prehistory. Basically, it's dinosaur heaven. Patagonia is one of the best-known regions in the world in terms of paleontological discoveries, so expect to see an incredible collection of fossilised beasts.
This interpretation centre takes a tour through 14,000 years of human and environmental History. Check out the megafauna that used to roam these lands (like ground sloths the size of elephants) and learn all about the glacier transformations that shaped this region.
This collection of taxidermy animals, skeletons and shells explores humanity's relationship with Patagonia's bodies of water. The gorgeous exhibits evoke the marine myths of European sea monsters, the indigenous Tehuelche, the ideas of 19th-century naturalists and modern ecology.
Argentina has some of the best steak in the world, so a sizzling BBQ Is a foodie essential. Get your juicy T-Bone at La Tablita, an El Calafate restaurant that specialises in all things meat.
Roasted lamb is huge in Patagonia. You can find it on pizzas and burgers throughout the region. The classic preparation is striking, in which the lamb is essentially crucified (not alive, thankfully) over a wood fire on a great iron cross. Try some authentic marinated roast lamb at Parilla Don Pichon, El Calafate.
Filled with chicken, mozzarella and tomato, these delicious pasta cushions have a rustic, homely deliciousness that can't be beat. Have it served with tomato sauce and fresh parmesan at Fuegia Bistro in El Chalten.
Trout is fished in abundance in this region, and you can get delicious, fresh fish everywhere you go. Have it served with a citrus sauce and vegetables for a vibrant lunch or dinner. We recommend La Tapera in El Chalten.
Along with its steak, Argentine wine has a lofty global reputation, and for good reason. Try a deep, fruity and rich Malbec at La Zaina Restaurant in El Calafate. You'll want to bring a few bottles home, too.


text:
Chapman (elbow) lands on IL for surging Yankees
21hBradford Doolittle
Way-too-early 2024 ('25, '26 and '27) Hall of Fame ballot preview
2dBradford Doolittle and David Schoenfield
12hJeff Passan
2dBradford Doolittle
A golden glove and an underrated bat: Here's what makes Scott Rolen a Hall of Famer
2dDavid Schoenfield
Hall of Fame voting winners and losers: Scott Rolen is headed to Cooperstown -- who else got good (or bad) news?
Olney: Why the New York Mets believe they're just fine without Carlos Correa
4dBuster Olney
MLB offseason grades: Luis Arraez heads to Miami, but was the return enough for Pablo Lopez?
MLB Power Rankings: Who's No. 1 on our midwinter list?
Passan: The eight things we learned from MLB's $3.8 billion offseason
9dJeff Passan
Hour 2: Why Didn't He Text ME?!
2023 Baseball Hall of Fame: Scott Rolen is headed to Cooperstown
A's reportedly reach one-year deal with Aguilar
MLB investigating Clevinger over abuse claims
3dAlden Gonzalez
Case closed: Francona's stolen scooter recovered
Surging New York Yankees place closer Aroldis Chapman on injured list with left elbow inflammation
ESPN News Services
NEW YORK -- The New York Yankees placed closer Aroldis Chapman on the 10-day injured list Saturday because of inflammation in his left elbow.
Yankees manager Aaron Boone said Chapman experienced a little inflammation last weekend in Miami but an MRI came back clean. Boone said it will be a few days of no throwing for the hard-throwing lefty.
Jonathan Loaisiga pitched a perfect ninth for his fourth save to close out Saturday's 5-4 win over Seattle.
Chapman didn't get into the game Friday night when the Yankees used nine pitchers in a 3-2, 11-inning win over the Mariners. On Thursday, he threw 30 pitches and put two on before retiring Seattle's Mitch Haniger on a warning-track fly ball for his 23rd save in 27 chances.
Stock Watch: Where all 30 MLB teams stand for 2021 and beyond after epic trade deadline
1yBradford Doolittle
MLB Power Rankings: Where all 30 teams stand after the trade deadline
1yESPN.com
Chapman is 5-3 with a 3.63 ERA in 43 appearances this season. He lost his closer's job after allowing three runs on July 4 in the first game of a doubleheader against the New York Mets and had a 10.80 ERA in 15 appearances before returning to closing on July 20 against Philadelphia.
Since regaining his closer's job, the 33-year-old Chapman has converted seven straight saves and has a 1.13 ERA in eight appearances.
To replace Chapman on the roster, Nick Nelson was recalled from Triple-A Scranton/Wilkes-Barre. In four stints for the Yankees, Nelson is 0-2 with a 9.45 ERA in 10 appearances, including two starts.
The Yankees won the first three games of the four-game set with Seattle, have won five in a row, and eight of the past 10. At 61-49, the Yankees are 12 games over .500 for the first time this season.


In the context of trying to run a successful presidential campaign, timing is everything. With the Iowa caucuses only several weeks away, many of the presidential candidates have spent their energy tirelessly touring the ninety-nine counties of Iowa, while other candidates have given up on the caucuses and redirected their focus on New Hampshire.
Ted Cruz and Mike Huckabee are two Republican candidates that have vied to capture the hearts and minds of Iowans, each engaging in his own lengthy bus tour, sweeping across the state. However, with Cruz still having countless events scheduled up until the caucuses and Huckabee with his incredibly expansive tour of Iowa nearing its end, the two candidates find themselves at two very different stages of the pre-caucus hustle.
My classmates and I were lucky enough to split into two groups on Thursday night, with half of us making the trek to Goldfield, Iowa to see Ted Cruz speak at the Old Schoolhouse there and the others attending a surprisingly brief Mike Huckabee event in Urbandale at his Iowa headquarters.
Ted Cruz gave a thorough, strong-willed, and invigorating speech to the 60 or 70 so people packed into the small gymnasium. There were nodding heads and involuntary "amen"'s throughout his hour-long speech that recapped his principles and plans for the country. After Cruz closed the night with a scripture memorized from the Bible and reminding the attendees of the constitutional conservative values they all share, one could not help but notice the positivity and excitement that had come over the room full of Goldfield citizens. Strangely enough, Cruz spent no more than five minutes specifically speaking on the importance of going out to caucus for him.
This is quite different from the sort of event that Mike Huckabee put on at his Iowa headquarters the same evening. Several of my fellow classmates were in attendance that night, where Huckabee arrived nearly an hour late, only to speak for twenty minutes in what could be described as an extended call to action. While Huckabee placed the focus on the importance of attending the caucuses, the rather in-and-out style of event may have sent a miscommunication to those who were in attendance for the meet and greet. While Huckabee has undoubtedly held countless events as thorough and inspired as Cruz had put on that Thursday night, he is at a point in his tour now where many of the events are smaller scale and far less structured.
As I said, timing is everything, and with only weeks before thousands of Iowans step out to caucus, the two stages these candidates are at is rather reflective of their standing in the polls. Though Cruz and Huckabee have very similar platforms, each striving for the Christian vote, Senator Ted Cruz seems to be doing far better than Huckabee in the polls and has received many more donations. One cannot help but think that perhaps Huckabee began his tour too soon.
Now that it really has gotten to be crunch time for candidates to secure voters for the upcoming Iowa caucuses, these next couple weeks are the perfect time to drive home one's mission statement. To add, many people might be unaware of the points these two candidates are at in their tours over Iowa, and it could lead many to the false premise that Huckabee is favoring quantity of events over quality. This impression is simply created by the fact that Huckabee's tour is just now beginning to slow after completing what is known as a "full Grassley", where Huckabee was able to visit all 99 counties of Iowa leading up to the caucuses. But there is undoubtedly an argument for the "squeaky wheel gets the grease" mentality, where the one who is still emphatically driving home his plans for our country is the one who is going to get the support he was hoping for.
The stages of campaigning both Huckabee and Cruz are currently at may be shaping how the voter turnout will be in a few weeks, but as was stressed before, timing is everything and only time will tell if Huckabee's fizzling tour de force will prove to be detrimental when it comes time for Iowans to caucus.


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xtramath.com- Your child can do extra math at home for free!
KIDS is a kindergarten comprehensive process designed to provide information about children's competencies across developmental domains over time and to inform whether Illinois' kindergarteners have the skills and knowledge needed to succeed in school. For additional information about the KIDS Assessment please watch the video below.
Welcome to Think Central, a website where you can access your Go Math! textbooks and fun interactive activities!
Click on "Mathematics" from the list on the left of the screen; then click your text, "Go Math" toward the top right of the screen.
Your teacher has created an account for your child. It uses their D91 email address and their chrome books password. Your teacher can share this with you, or if you are a parent from Milne Grove, you will receive a copy at expectation night.
If your computer asks if you want to allow pop-ups, select Always Allow Pop-Up From This Site. Once you are in the system, you simply click on Library to access your Student Edition (it may take awhile to load). Note you can go to any page in your book, and access iTools (eManipulatives), Animated Math, etc.
You can also access some printable resources in the Student Library by clicking on items such as the Go Math! Standards Practice Book. Don't forget to investigate the Real World Videos! "Things to Do" will list current assignments if your teacher is creating assignments.


I once read a story in a church newsletter that I want to share with you.
In 1949, Time magazine called him "one of the most extraordinary men of modern times." He won the Nobel Peace Prize. One afternoon, reporters and city officials gathered at a Chicago railroad station to greet him. As passengers disembarked the train, among them was this giant of a man—six-foot-four with a bushy mustache and thick, unruly hair. Cameras flashed. City officials approached him with hands outstretched.
You and I have many opportunities each week to be "sermons walking." All we have to do is look to Jesus as our example. According to today's scripture, Jesus only did what He saw the Father doing. If we will follow Jesus' example, we can also be like sermons walking.
Love Others Today: Take every chance you get to be a sermon walking today.
Posted on January 8, 2013, in Morning Glory! and tagged Bible, christianity, church, eVotional, faith, God, holy spirit, inspiration, Jesus, Joyce Meyer, motivation, religion, spirituality, theology. Bookmark the permalink.	Leave a comment.


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Contemporary Writing Desk 'Splendid Squire'
More Tables >Complementary designs >
The Splendid Squire desk was conceptualized to showcase and celebrate the stunning aesthetic qualities, the physical strength and robustness, as well as the longevity of sustainable fine solid hardwood. The overall design is pared-down and lean and gets its quiet strength from its angular outline and subtle detailing.
The Squire takes on the grand opulence, even gravitas of a large antique desk but without much of the 'heaviness' and bulk so often associated with such pieces. Lightness is achieved both in the architectural leg structure, which shifts the back legs round to the back centre of the desk, allowing a sense of space and air to permeate, as well as in the presence of a narrow shard of silk-fused glass running along its centre.
The custom-made mirrored glass inset 'fused' with ribbons of silk rippling along its length appears almost as a ghost form of the wood that flanks it. And the lamb-nappa that lines the 2-metre long concealed drawer adds further splendour to this noble fellow.
The functionality of the solid wood drawer is enhanced by its multiple compartments, accommodating a considerable amount of stationery and writing implements, equal incapacity to a tower of six smaller individual drawers.
Unlike so many contemporary desks, The Squire's strong aesthetic is enjoyed both from the front where its owner sits and from the back on view to the rest of the room.
A shadow-line around the whole under-structure serves as a trompe l'oeil to conceal the presence of the drawer and also to accommodate natural wood movement in the desk-top and base.
Perfectly fitting mortise and loose-tenon joints are the principal joints of choice here for their inherent strength as well as to feature the beauty of the end-grain, and every component is hand- crafted with absolute precision to ensure that the crisp lines run cleanly throughout the piece.
This is a limited edition collection piece, inlaid with a gold makers mark and a numbered edition disc – only 25 will ever be made.
Bespoke options include:
- The 'fused' glass inset can be custom-made with a number of different materials as the interlayer, including various coloured silks, threads, films, voile and metal mesh
- The drawer can be configured to suit, as well as the choice of leather to line it.
Design ID:
NN 8
£14495 (Vat inclusive)
2000 x 900 x 770mm
Available for immediate delivery.
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Liu Xia (1961-), est une artiste et poète chinoise connue également pour être la femme du prix nobel de la paix Liu Xiaobo.
 Liu Xia (1979-), est une judokate chinoise.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Today, the Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki met with the Speaker of the French Senate, Gérard Larcher, during his visit to Poland.
The purpose of the meeting was to strengthen and intensify bilateral cooperation with France. Issues related to bilateral relations (including the economic relationship) development and the current European agenda were discussed during the visit.
The visit was an opportunity to emphasize the meaning of cooperation between Poland and France and, more broadly, cooperation within the Weimar Triangle to the successful integration of Europe and to presenting Polish priorities in the context of the United Nations Security Council's work.


It's 6:30 AM on Sunday the 31st of May. It's Trinity Sunday, my automatic calendar alert tells me. The late hour pushes a little needle of shame into my conscience, as on most days the work at the site is well underway by this time. The birds outside my hotel window have been singing since daybreak.
Much has happened ever since I and the advance crew landed in Tel Aviv on May 23. Most of it, however, barely rises above the mundane. It is difficult to get across what I feel when I land at Ben Gurion, and even when I make way through the airport to passport control, baggage claim, and the arrivals hall. Maybe if you imagine flying into your home airport you'll get a sense of it, but only if you regard that as a positive experience. It feels like coming home. And it feels exotic. That's an odd combination.
We have a good crew this year. There are some health issues: a couple have come down with bronchitis, so remember them. Everyone seems to appreciate the work with varying degrees of enthusiasm. A few apparently tolerate it, but with cheerful countenances and neighborly manners. This is important, for those who do not grasp the significance of work that can range from strenuous to tedious, and who do not form connections with their peers, often will simply lose—or even toss aside—the data, and it is the data that give voice to the people who once raised their families, worked their industries, built their homes, and prayed to their God on this hill.
This year we are concentrating on finishing squares that we have been digging for more than one season. In many, we hit ancient structures after one or two strokes of the pick, and that suggests that we should finish quickly, but many new volunteers can't bring themselves so blithely to discard the ancient debris, so they carefully comb through the dirt before dumping it. I don't suppose I blame them. I wasn't famous for speed when I was doing the real work of digging either.
We are working to disclose buildings used in the manufacture of pottery and oil lamps at Shikhin. Already we have an impressive number of wasters (fragments of pots ruined in the kiln or before firing), and of unfamiliar forms. We don't expect much innovation from the ancients, but here at Shikhin, the potters experimented. This week Jeff Lowe, a pastor and enthusiastic archaeologist, found a complete cup. The rim had cracked and flaked in the kiln, and the potter had tossed it out 2,000 years ago. It remained buried until Jeff held it in his hand. That probably explains the grin on his face.
Yesterday was a long day of touring. We began at Yodfat, a site made famous by the Roman massacre of the Jewish population at the start of the Great Revolt (66–70 CE). They had a defensive wall but no real army, and after a 47-day siege, the Romans came in and simply killed everyone they found: men, women, and children. They also apparently punished the Jews remaining in the area by leaving the corpses where they fell to be eaten by scavengers. When they finally left one or two years later, people came to collect the remaining bones and bury them in the town's abandoned cisterns. The ruined site is now a memorial to the massacre and a tomb for the dead.
From Yodfat we went to Magdala, famous among Christians as the home of Mary Magdalene, but remembered among Jews for being another town the Romans besieged. Here there was an army and a pitched battle, but the Romans were successful, and the surviving residents were either executed or sold into slavery. There is a very important first century synagogue at the site.
We ended at a little resort on the shore of the Sea of Galilee called "Bora Bora Beach." It costs 20 shekels per head to get in, but it's relatively clean, they planted real grass in one spot, we can buy food and drinks, and those who wish can take a dip. The music, however, insulted my middle-aged ears. Then, just as we left, they played Barry White, "Can't Get Enough of Your Love" then Bill Withers, "Ain't No Sunshine." Dang. I hummed that one all the way back to Nazareth.
But before we swam we toured Capernaum, known in Matthew, Mark, and Luke as the home of Peter and Jesus' headquarters during his Galilean ministry. In the fifth century, both the Christians, who now were in charge of the city government, and the Jews built new houses of worship within a block of one another. Abuna confessed that he imagines that when the local Jews approached the Christian town leaders and asked for permission to build, the Christians responded, "It is illegal for Jews to build synagogues, we would be breaking the law to permit it, and we expect an invitation to the dedication." That is, in the name of being good neighbors, Capernaum got its white synagogue. However it happened, and however they felt about one another in the fifth century, these folks figured out how to get along, probably with varying degrees of success. That model is still followed today, also with varying degrees of success.
So pray for better success at making peace in Israel.
Thank you for the thoughtful way you share about your experiences in Israel and at Shikhin.


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Contact Theatre makes final push on Fundraising Campaign
By Steven Pankhurst
Today Contact, Manchester's critically acclaimed, trail-blazing theatre and arts venue, led and programmed by young people, launched the final phase of its Capital Redevelopment fundraising campaign, with a target of 500k, after raising over £6m of its £6.65m target.
The rousing campaign was launched with Making Contact, an event at Manchester Art Gallery introduced by Contact advocate Julie Hesmondhalgh, Contact's Chief Executive & Artistic Director Matt Fenton, and an inspiring performance from Contact Young Company's radical 5* show She Bangs The Drums.
Front and centre of the campaign is Con:Struct, the dedicated team of young people aged 13-30 leading the project to transform the building for the next generation of audiences, artists and young people. They revealed the plans for the building, which is looking to reopen in Summer 2019, along with a new film to introduce Contact to a wider audience.
The funds will complete the Contact redevelopment, supporting new and improved performance spaces; a purpose-built recording studio for young people's music projects; an arts and health development space; new offices for artists and cultural organisations to hire and work alongside Contact staff and a new café/bar.
The Con:Struct team have attended more than 50 meetings and sessions since June 2016, initially having appointed lead architects Sheppard Robson. Since then they have been involved in procuring F Parkinson Ltd as the official contractors, who broke ground in late March 2018; interviewing and appointing the caterers; consulting on its fundraising policy; interior design choices and signage strategy.
First established in 1972, Contact last underwent a major building redevelopment in 1999 with a ground-breaking new environmentally sustainable design. Twenty years on, the building needs to expand in order to cope with the growing demand from young participants and audiences as well as further improving Contact's economic and environmental sustainability.
Fundraising to date
A new arts and health space has been funded by a Wellcome Trust grant of £500,000. This will provide a dedicated space to develop new partnerships and relationships with NHS, patient groups, young people, local communities and artists. Additional funding will support a three-year post of Health Producer to lead on projects and produce new theatre shows that explore health inequalities and other current issues.
Generous donations have also been made by Duchy of Lancaster, Foyle Foundation, Garfield Weston Foundation, Granada Foundation, G S Sanders Charitable Settlement, Morrisons Foundation, The Oglesby Charitable Trust, Sylvia Waddilove Charitable Foundation, Viridor Credits, Wolfson Foundation, W O Street Charitable Foundation.
Support from trusts and foundations follows initial grants from Arts Council England and Manchester City Council. In addition, Contact has received in kind support and with Contact's own funds and individual donations this brings the total secured to date to £6,161,133.
Contact in 2018
The Capital Redevelopment has been the catalyst for Contact, and its outstanding, nationally recognised and consistently diverse performances, from contemporary theatre to dance, live art, cabaret, spoken word, circus, comedy and music to explode out into the City of Manchester, reaching exciting new audiences.
Contact has gained powerful momentum with diverse productions such as Dancing Bear, She Bangs the Drums and Handlooms hitting new stages from the Palace Theatre, to the Museum of Science and Industry and a sari shop on Manchester's famous Curry Mile, receiving critical acclaim across the board.
Contact is also expanding onto new platforms with a television co-production from Contact and 20 Stories High based on their hit theatre show 'I told my mum I was going on an R.E. trip…' broadcast on BBC Two in January to huge critical acclaim, reaching viewers nationally both on and offline. The frank, warm verbatim drama about young people's experiences of abortion will screen again at Manchester HOME cinema in May 2018 as part of Pilot Light TV Festival.
Ella Dix-Nagra, Con:Struct member said: "Contact is incredibly important for young people; it is diverse, warm and welcoming, and the knowledge and platform it has offered me kick-started a full time career in the arts. Now we need everyone's help, whether they can offer donations or their voices to support the amazing we work we need to continue."
"I already miss Contact but I am so excited about next summer when we can see all our ideas and hard work brought to life. It's an incredible legacy to have been a part of at just 24 and an opportunity I couldn't have even imagined."
Matt Fenton, Chief Executive and Artistic Director at Contact said: "We are incredibly grateful for the generous support we have received so far to get this project up and running, with our contractors now on site. To have raised over £6 million in the last 18 months is testament to how much people value what Contact does with and for the young people of Greater Manchester, the kinds of radical new performance we produce with them, and the many communities we reach. However, our challenge now is to raise the final £500,000 to finish the job, and to do that we need people who care about what we do to support our campaign now."
Julie Hesmondhalgh, Contact advocate, said: "I know more lives transformed because of Contact than I can count. Some of the most prolific artists I've met started out at Contact. Contact has always championed young people, and were years ahead of everyone in promoting diversity. I'm delighted to support this new era in Contact's life in our glorious city, bringing that wonderful building bang up to date to host the next generation of exciting, vital, diverse and ground-breaking work."
Billionaire Boy & The Taming of the Shrew: Live Outdoor Theatre in…
BE//LONGING at Hope Mill Theatre: Review
Hope Mill Theatre Announces 2018 Season


Last week, PBS's Need To Know aired a great interview with Leymah Gbowee, a leader of the nonviolent women's movement – chronicled in the powerful documentary Pray the Devil Back to Hell – that drove Liberian dictator Charles Taylor from power in 2003, in which she discusses how their victory has empowered women in Liberia and the volatile situation in the Ivory Coast.
People tend to think that what was accomplished in Liberia was an overnight thing by the women… No. We did three years of mobilization. We did three years of sensitization. We did three years of bringing people to understand the agenda for peace. Ivory Coast has been having this problem up and down for a while now. And people are still — especially women's groups, they're still divided, based on political lines.
I was excited but I was also very cautious. One of the things that usually happens, women come out… and form part of the protests. Unfortunately, we focus so much on the protest that we forget to develop our political agenda. So by the time the protest is over and the negotiation around politics and leadership and all of these different things start happening, we don't have it. We don't have anything to contribute. And then we're scrambling and we're fighting and at the end if we get anything, we get the dregs of it.
She then argues that the women of the "Arab Spring" need to stay engaged, keep protesting and demand what's theirs.
If the women of Egypt and the women of Tunisia think that it's going to come on a silver platter by virtue of the fact that there are videos that show them protesting alongside men, they'll miss it. They've missed the point. They've missed everything. It's now time for them to start their own revolution.


Paladin Smith seems to be an ordinary high school history teacher—and LDS seminary instructor. But Paladin's checkered past comes back to haunt him when an unexpected visitor shows up in his classroom with news about a former student, Victoria Grant, who's all grown up—and in trouble.
Now Paladin is going to Crimea, in former Soviet Russia, with an uncomplicated task: find Victoria Grant and bring her home. But when his simple mission thrusts him headlong into an international conspiracy and a countdown to invasion, Paladin finds himself on a collision course with the American embassy, the royalty of Crimea, and the powers of Eastern Europe.
Dive into a world of corrupt diplomats and ambitious tyrants as Paladin follows the Spirit to not only rescue an old friend, but also to save a free people from the jaws of dictatorship. Paladin Smith and Victoria Grant are about to change the world.
All teasing aside, I'll have to check out the book. Best wishes!
I always say that you are the brightest of my parent's children. I will continue to say that. What a fine book.
Say, did we ever resolve this? Send me your address, and I'll send you a signed title page. Would that work for you?
I was just wondering if they will be available on the nook ever. Im a cook in the coast guard stationed on a cutter(boat) so i don't really have room to have books onboard besides my nook.
A kindle version is abailable through Amazon. Let me know how you like it.
this book is in spanish?
Glancing around your website I quickly observed that you're a fantastic writer!!!
Do you have a PDF version of this book that you would be willing to email to me? In return I will leave some great reviews for you on Amazon and such.
Go to Amazon. And thanks for your kind words. Keep in touch.
I thoroughly enjoyed Persona Non Grata, and wish that there were more books like it. (However, I might stay in all day if there were).
Thank you for writing such an awesome work!
Sorry it's been so long, Emily. Yes, there is a sequel and it is even better than volume 1! It is really good. I'm still working with the publisher. It would help if I could sell a few more copies of Persona Non Grata, so spread the work. Thank you to you — and your brother — for your kindness and encouragement.


Oil painting on canvas, a portrait of William II Blathwayt (1688-1742), attributed to Enoch Seeman (Gdańsk c.1694 – London 1744), circa 1720s, inscribed with the name of the sitter. A three-quarter-length portrait of the elder son of William I Blathwayt, the builder of Dyrham Park. William II Blathwayt is shown standing, turned very slightly to the left, with his head turned slightly to the right. He wears a plum-coloured coat and a shoulder-length wig. His right hand is tucked into his coat, and in his left hand he holds a pair of gloves. A dark-coloured hat is tucked under his arm. Behind him, to the left, is a column.


Dhaka strongly protested the remarks by the spokesperson of Myanmar President's Office claiming the existence of two Arakan Army bases and three ARSA bases in Bangladesh, according to a press statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA).
This MoFA statement was issued on Wednesday with regard to some media reports based on remarks by the Spokesperson of Myanmar President's Office on 7 January.
"Bangladesh strongly protests such baseless and provocative accusations. The current clashes are the outcome of Myanmar own political and social dilemma," the ministry says.
"The allegations are totally fake and baseless. It's not possible to operate terrorist bases anywhere in Bangladesh because of high alertness and effective preventive measures by security forces in the line with "zero tolerance policy" of the present government of Bangladesh under the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina," reads the statement.
"Bangladesh is also firmly committed not to allowing its soil to be used by any dissident group of any neighbouring country. The government has taken all possible measures, including compressive international engagements in counter-terrorism to fully implement the commitment," the MoFA statement notes.
"We affirm that there's no existence of any foreign terrorist groups within Bangladesh nor Bangladesh is harbouring any terrorist organisation within its soil. Security forces of Bangladesh alongside border always remain vigilant to prevent any untoward incidents that may affect the existing peaceful relation between neighbors," it says.
The statement says Bangladesh, on several instances, proposed Myanmar to conduct joint operation in addressing claimed terrorist activities along the border area. But unfortunately, not much enthusiasm received from Myanmar side.
Even Myanmar failed to provide Bangladesh with specific details and concrete evidence on the alleged terrorist elements and acts, the statement adds.
Bangladesh is acclaimed by the international community for its unflinching commitment and bold actions in the combat of terrorism at national, regional and global level. Bangladesh always stands ready to engage in comprehensive cooperation mechanism with any country, including Myanmar, in the combat of terrorism, according to the statement.


Base 2000, the headquarters of the Basingstoke Air Scout Group, is a modern brick built building situated in Carpenters Down, Popley behind the Popley Fields Community Centre.
The building is available for hire by individuals or Groups, on an occasional or regular basis.
For booking enquiries, please read 'Base 2000 Bookings Terms and Conditions' and then click on the "I agree to the Terms & Conditions" button which will take you to the booking enquiry form.
8ft x 14ft (2.5m x 4.3m) The Kitchen has hot and cold running water with an electric hand dryer and is fully equipped with a cooker, fridge, microwave, kettle, crockery and cutlery.
One male toilet with two urinals, one lowered for the little ones. Two female toilets and a separate disabled toilet. All toilets have hot and cold running water and electric hand dryers.
The building is heated by thermostatically controlled electric heaters. The hall floors are carpeted with heavy duty carpet tiles with vinyl flooring in the kitchen and toilet areas. Base 2000 is fully protected by automatic fire and security alarms and is equipped with fire extinguishers and emergency doors with crash bars. There is a Pay Phone in the Foyer and the building is fully accessible to the disabled with ramped access to and from the main door and emergency exits and there is a designated disabled car parking space immediately in front of the building.
Easy access to Carpenters Down woods, ideal for mini hikes, wide games. Located adjacent to a large grass area, ideal for activities and games. Regular bus service to and from Town Centre. Local shops and take away within a few minutes walk. Superstore few minutes drive away.
Large hall hire £14 per hour. Small hall hire £12 per hour. A £100 deposit is required which will be returned at the end of the booking, assuming the building is left in a clean and tidy manor and all rubbish is removed. Rates are negotable for local Charities.
We do have further equipment available if needed, just ask, we may be able to help out.
You are more than welcome to pop in for a quick look around before your booking, but strictly by appointment only.


I have a disease. I went to Hobby Lobby today to pick up one item that I needed to finish my eighth craft till Christmas. ONE ITEM! I left with said item . . . I also left with three rolls of fabric remnants. Okay, okay . . . all three cost me less than $3.00 total, but that's not the point. I DON'T NEED ANYMORE FABRIC! In fact, I have enlisted in Service Bootcamp in hopes of reducing my fabric supply. So tell me this: Why can't I resist the call of a great fabric pattern or a simple fabric staple for a super cheap price? I need an intervention. I need help.
In the mean time, here's a fabric postcard tutorial (showing my newest staple additions to my fabric supply - a simple neutral linen) . . . actually, there are two fabric postcard tutorials. Below is the first. It is basically a no-sew tutorial (with just a few optional needle and thread stitches). Tomorrow's post will include a tutorial for a postcard that does involve using a sewing machine.
But first, for those who don't own a sewing machine or just want a quick easy project to complete here's the no-sew option. Remember this is part of my eighth craft till Christmas and goes with fabric stationery, fabric envelopes and a fabric mailbox. Look at past posts if you are interested in those tutorials.
1) Again, embroider line down center of fabric rectangle that will be the write-on side. I actually used Peel n Stick Adhesive to make this line on the postcard shown here.
2) Sandwich stiff interfacing in between fabric and iron according to package directions. There will be an edge made up of about a quarter of an inch of fabric all around the interfacing.
3) Trim edges of fabric so that they are even all around.
4) Cut four strips of bias tape - 2 that fit the long sides of the rectangle and 2 that fit the short sides of the rectangle.
5) Sandwich fabric edges into bias tape and use no sew fabric glue to attach all four pieces of bias tape. Put two short sides on first and then long sides.
6) If you want extra security at the corners where the bias tape overlaps, you can put a few stitches in at each corner. This is optional.
7) Also optional . . . use Peel n Stick Adhesive to make a dividing line down the center of the write-on side of the postcard.
Enjoy making these for your children, friends, family or others. Remember you can send these in the mail as long as you check with your local post office about the current postage needed. And this is a great way to work at trimming down the pile of fabric you have in your craft area . . . you know you have a pile . . . maybe it's even bigger than mine!
silly girl, it's scientifically immpossible to go to HL and only get 1 thing.
I love all your fabric mailing items! I just need to get the supplies to create them for my kids! Oh my...I guess that means I need to go to HL...what a shame! Ha....j/k....my fav place to go!
Thanks for linking up with PonyTails and FishScales!
Stopping By From New Friend Friday. I actually read all of the posts too! Are we crazy? I love the title of your blog. I make all of my Christmas presents, and always swear to start in January-but somehow end up waiting until November! Lovely blog.
Great idea!! These are so cute, I am going to have to make me some!
great idea, such a good way to use up fabric remnants!
My trip to Hobby Lobby last week, I did the same thing. Came home with remnant fabric for $1.70......so addicting.
"No-sew" are magic words for me!
You had me at no sew!
Love this! It would be perfect to link up to my new link party called "Scrap Happy Saturdays".
It's basically a place to link to and find lots of projects on how to use up scraps and remnants!
I'd love it if you'd link a few of your projects up!
I like your method for no sew fabric postcards. Thanks for sharing it. If you get a chance, I am listing you on my blog under tutorials.