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Q: Running process in ModelBuilder before loading shapefiles? I have a model which I would like to check if shapefiles exist or are up to date and download them if they are not before processing them. I wrote the script to do the checking. In the script, I use arcpy.SetParameter() to pass in the file location of my downloaded shapefiles once checking is done and I pass them as derived outputs parameters in the script's properties. My problem is that I am not able to force ModelBuilder to run the script before trying to do anything else. The output shapefiles which I use for processing are none existent until the script is run so I get errors telling me that fields do not exist and such (because of processing steps down the line). Simply put the Model Thinks that I want it to run without input shapefiles when I just want it to wait for them to be obtained. I have tried preconditions but that has not worked, maybe I did it wrong. The answer must be in ModelBuilder, or if it is a python script, it has to be one that I can add to the model, not export my whole model as a script.

A: Without a screen shot showing us where your script tool is in context with the rest of the model it is difficult to speculate. Another way of making things run in order is to use sub-modelling. You place your models within a master model and chain them up that way.
I too have had difficulties with model builder validating and demanding inputs before they get created, a bit of a chicken and egg situation. In those cases I agree with @MacroZED in that I would have abandoned creating the workflow in model builder and moved over to python scripting where you have much better control over the order of operations.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Cold weather brings dramatic look at historic steam engines
Winter is a great time for visitors to Golden Spike park to see the iconic white clouds of historic steam engines.
By Todd Adams
and Rick Egan
| Jan. 8, 2021, 4:40 p.m.
| Updated: 4:50 p.m.
(Rick Egan | The Salt Lake Tribune) The 119 Steam Engine chugs down the track at the Golden Spike National Historical Park during one of the winter steam locomotive demonstrations, on Tuesday, Dec. 29, 2020.
White clouds billow upward against a deep blue sky, signaling the approach of Union Pacific Locomotive 119 to Golden Spike National Historical Park in a late-December reenactment of a scene that enthralled travelers over a century ago — and entertains curious onlookers today, especially in winter.
When cold winter air mixes with hot air rising from a coal-fueled train engine, the ensuing columns of white steam from the iconic scene that most people identify with their favorite Old West films and television series. By the mid-1800s, steam clouds presaged the arrivals and departures of the best means available for transcontinental travel — aboard a steam-powered train.
To give modern onlookers the smells, the sounds, the sights of that bygone era, the National Park Service closed out 2020 with three days of demonstrations called the Winter Steam Festival at Promontory Summit, the jumping-off point in the mid-1800s for visitors bound of points east and west.
Locomotive 119 ran the approximately 1-mile transcontinental railroad grade, affording visitors a view of the long white trail of steam. Due to the pandemic, activities normally associated with the festival were limited. Though the park store was open, visitor center arrivals faced restrictions consistent with health guidelines.
Timed tickets were required for entry to the Last Spike Site and locomotive demonstration.
Updated information on winter hours for the visitor center, park store and engine house can be found on the park's website or by contacting the park directly. For up-to-date information, those interested can call the visitor center at 435-471-2209 ext. 429 between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m.
Updates also are posted at www.nps.gov/gosp/ and the site's Facebook page.
tadams@sltrib.comFollow @graphicsalt
regan@sltrib.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Julien Leclercq (3 februari 2003) is een Belgisch professioneel snookerspeler.

Carrière
Julien Leclercq is afkomstig uit Crisnée in Luik. Zijn bijnaam is "Juju".

In 2018 bereikte de 15-jarige Leclercq de finale van het Belgisch kampioenschap waarin Kevin Van Hove hem versloeg met 7-5.

In oktober 2021 verloor Leclercq de finale van het Europees kampioenschap in Portugal bij de spelers onder de 18 jaar van zijn landgenoot Ben Mertens met 4-3.

In 2022 slaagde de 19-jarige Leclercq erin om zich via winst op de Q Tour Play-offs te verzekeren van een ticket voor twee seizoenen in de World Snooker Tour. In de finale versloeg hij de Engelse Alex Clenshaw met 5-2.

Bronnen

Referenties

Belgisch snookerspeler

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Click HERE for the MOST updated result on our use of the iRestore laser hair growth system.
It's January 31, 2018 today – it's been almost two months now since hubby and I started on the iRestore hair growth system.
I can't vouch for certain that the iRestore system has worked wonders on our hair but what I'm documenting in this post is what we have experienced till now, as far as each of the products under iRestore are concerned.
The package that arrived in Dec 2017 – includes the 'helmet' and 6 months supply of shampoo, serum and supplements.
We got the 'iRestore Cyber Kit: Black Friday Exclusive' package last year, meaning we took up the offer of having the iRestore hair growth system (the 'helmet' as I call it), the shampoo, serum and supplements.
I have to admit that the first time I placed this thing over my head, I felt nervous.
I had imagined that I would feel some heat or some 'pins and needles' kind of sensation when I use the helmet.
The thing is I had never, ever, in my entire life, gone for ANY laser treatments – be it for my face or any parts of my body. So can you blame me for shaking a little as I placed it on my head?
If you notice that my left eyelid is a little sore, that has nothing to do with the laser device. I had some allergy to a face cream I was using.
The device needs to be used three times a week for 25 minutes each session. The good part is you don't have to set your clock/watch for that. It comes with the in-built timer. It will beep as soon as the 25 minutes is up.
The first time that we used it, we didn't make use of the rechargable battery pack. So we 'couldn't be mobile' as the device got to be hooked to a power supply.
If you are getting the iRestore hair growth system (the helmet-looking thing), it's advisable that you get the rechargeable battery pack as well.
Having the battery pack really helps as you can carry about your chores/activities while you use the iRestore hair growth system. However, for those with relatively smaller heads, just be careful not to bend too much. Maybe it's just me but I thought if I were to do that, the 'helmet' might just slip off your head!
A few days after receiving the package, I received an email from iRestore that asks about my experience with the whole system.
But what strikes me was the sentence in that email that said, "Rather than looking for hair growth initially, we recommend you to look for reduced hair loss and preserving existing hair first. That's a great sign that the laser hair therapy is working for you".
Hubby and I don't think that there is significant hair growth in these two months since we started with iRestore.
How about reduction in hair loss (as stated in the iRestore email I received)?
Well, both of us felt that there was some reduction in hair loss – (perhaps small to others) as I observed that instead of losing about 30 strands after a hair wash, I lose about 20 strands.
Then I remembered what the email stated – that this is to be expected and that after three months, there should be a more significant reduction in hair loss.
At this stage, I am also concerned of the shampoo's effect on my hair. I thought I might need conditioner from other brands after using the shampoo.
On the contrary, the shampoo, as soon as it's mixed with water, softens my hair. It seems to have similar effect as the Art Naturals argan oil shampoo – the kind of shampoo that doesn't require you to use any conditioner after.
For those who prefer nice-smelling shampoo, this might be a disappointment as it's almost fragrant-less.
This might also be a no-no shampoo for some as it contains Sodium Laureth Sulphate (SLES), said to make your hair dry. But this was not the case for me as I find that my hair, in fact, became softer and more manageable.
The shampoo is also safe for color-treated hair, so again another plus point for me.
The iRestore serum, unlike others that I have used before, contains Redensyl® (and Vitamin E). Redensyl is made up of patented molecules that can stimulate hair cell activity and nourish hair follicles to promote hair growth.
It is touted to be an alternative to Minoxidil.
The texture of this serum is thicker or rather, seems to be more concentrated than what we are used to, in particular, Nanogen serum.
It is recommended that we use it twice a day 'for best results'.
The label on the bottle says to apply 'generous amount' of the serum. On the box, however, the label says to apply 1 ml of the serum twice a day.
For me, I apply one pippette-full of the serum once a day, instead of the recommended twice a day. The reason is that this serum, being thick, tends to make my hair look wet and a little oily. I don't want my hair ending up looking so limp!
The iRestore supplement formula contains biotin, saw palmetto and DHT blocker that is said to improve hair density and volume.
It is recommended that users take one tablet twice a day. So with 60 tablets, one bottle should last you a month.
Biotin is a B-complex vitamin that can thicken hair and reverse the damage from hair loss.
The DHT blocker, together with saw palmetto, helps to fight the root cause of hair loss and thinning hair by inhibiting the 5-alpha-reductase enzyme, which is responsible for the hair miniaturization process.
This formula is great for those on gluten-free diet.
What I'm more concerned about is if there is any side effect in taking this supplement. Some vitamin B-complex that I took before made me hungry that I needed to eat more often. The iRestore supplement fortunately does nothing like that to my body.
While using this range of products from iRestore, I am not complementing them with products from other brands as I really want to see the result stemming from iRestore.
Although I have to contend that there is a reduction in the amount of hair loss, I believe it's still too early to conclude if it has a significant impact on hubby and me.
But thus far, I am quite happy using the four products, although I wish that they could make the serum less concentrated so it'll be easier to extract it with the pippette. Perhaps then, it would not make my hair look 'too wet'.
I plan to do another post when I reach my six months with iRestore and certainly I can't wait to see the outcome then!


text:
About Russian
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The Provisional Government is in crisis. Alexander Verkhovsky, the Minister of the Military who advocated signing a peace treaty with Germany, has resigned.
The Bolsheviks formed the Military Revolutionary Committee in Petrograd to control the units of the Petrograd garrison. Soldiers don't trust the Provisional Government and refuse to go to war.
Germans have captured the Moonsund Isles in the Baltic Sea and are getting closer to Petrograd. Rumor has it; evacuation of the capital might begin.
Shortages of fuel and provision continue in Russia.
Bolsheviks are openly calling for armed insurrections in Moscow and Petrograd
Additional troops are summoned to guard the Winter Palace
Printing works "Trud" is destroyed. The new issue of the paper "Rabochiy put'" is confiscated
The Military Revolutionary Committee puts the Petrograd garrison on standby
Bolsheviks take back their printing works
The 1st Petrograd Women's Battalion arrives at the Winter Palace
Kerensky calls for an immediate decimation of Bolsheviks
Petrograd workers are taking up weapons
Government troops are raising bridges in Petrograd
Vehicles are requisitioned in the streets
Lenin calls for an immediate uprising
Bolsheviks are in control of the Central Telegraph
Trotsky: "This government has lost everything: support, authority, legitimacy, moral compass."
The Military Revolutionary Committee summons the Baltic fleet sailors to Petrograd
The pre-parliament fails to support Kerensky
Bolsheviks install outposts by the Winter Palace
Lenin arrives at Smolny
An emergency session of the Central Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet opens at Smolny
The cruiser "Aurora" has approached the Nikolaevsky bridge. It poses a direct threat to the Winter Palace
The Central Telephone station, State bank and other government buildings are taken
The Baltic fleet torpedo boats are on their way to Petrograd from Helsingfors
Lenin: "The Provisional Government is deposed."
Prime Minister Kerensky leaves Petrograd
The Bolsheviks disbanded the Pre-parliament
Minister of Social Welfare Kishkin is vested with dictatorial powers
Bolsheviks delivered an ultimatum to the Provisional Government demanding their surrender under the threat of opening fire at the Winter Palace
Minister of Transportation Liverovsky: "It's been unanimously decided not to answer the ultimatum and to stay in the Winter Palace."
Petrograd Military District Headquarters surrendered to the Bolsheviks
The Provisional Government is calling for help. They sent a radiogram asking people to respond to the insane attempt by the Bolsheviks to start an uprising
A cannon shot is heard from the "Aurora"
The Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets opens at Smolny
Trotsky speaks at the All-Russian Congress of Soviets: "To those who left and who are now making those suggestions, we say: "You are pathetic, you are bankrupt, your part is over! Go back to where you belong now: the trashcan of history!"
The storm of the Winter Palace begins
The Winter Palace is taken. The Provisional Government is under arrest.
The Moscow Kremlin is taken by the Moscow Bolsheviks
The All-Russian Congress of Soviets has resumed its session. Lev Kamenev announces that the Winter Palace is taken.
The ministers are imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress
Lenin: «All power in the localities shall pass to the Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies, which must guarantee genuine revolutionary order.»
Cadet squads took over the Moscow Manege and the Moscow City Duma
8 November.11
8 November.11 7 November.11 6 November.11 Main 19171917
What we know so far
The Provisional Government is under arrest
Bolsheviks seized power in Petrograd
Clashes between cadets and Redguardsmen in Moscow
#All-Russian Congress of Soviets
Alexander Kerensky
Provisional Government
What will happen next? What has already happened?
Follow Project1917 for the whole story. Read
Smolny Institute, Petrograd, Russian Republic
The power is taken, at least in Petrograd. Lenin hasn't even changed his collar yet. He's tired, but his eyes are shining. He's looking at me - amicably, softly, a little bashfully.
Cadet squads are gathering in the centre of Moscow, surrounding the Kremlin.
The session of the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets is closed.
Krylenko, staggering with fatigue, climbed to the tribune with a telegram in his hand.
"Comrades! From the Northern Front. The Twelfth Army sends greetings to the Congress of Soviets, announcing the formation of a Military Revolutionary Committee which has taken over the command of the Northern Front!" Pandemonium, men weeping, embracing each other. "General Tchermissov has recognized the Committee—Commissar of the Provisional Government Voitinsky has resigned!"
Alexander Liverovsky
Peter and Paul fortress, Petrograd, Russian Republic
I've been placed in the cell № 54.
Semyon Maslov
They escorted us to individual cells of the Trubetskoy fort. I've been placed in the cell №39, Kartashev - in the nearby cell. It's damp and cold.
The Congress of Soviets passed Lenin's appeal "To workers, soldiers and peasants" by an overwhelming majority. Two people voted against it, twelve abstained.
Follow the revolution on social media
Alfred Knox
It was truly said that the Russian sailors killed many more Russian officers during the eight months after the Revolution than they had killed German officers in the preceding three and a half years of war.
The Pavlovsky Infantry School is disarmed. Officers are sent to the Peter and Paul Fortress.
Georgy Tumanov, the aide to the Minister of the Military, who was arrested several hours ago, was killed in the yard of the Volynsky regiment barracks. Sailors have reportedly arrived at the barracks, pulled Tumanov outside and tortured him for one and a half hours, and then, once they killed him, they threw his body into the Moika river.
In Moscow, cadets took over the Manege and the City Duma.
Anatoliy Lunacharskiy
Soldiers, actively resist Kerensky the Kornilovite! Be on your guard! Railwaymen, hold up all troop trains dispatched by Kerensky against Petrograd! Soldiers, workers in factory and office, the fate of the revolution and the fate of the democratic peace is in your hands! Long live the revolution!
The Congress decrees: all power in the localities shall pass to the Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies, which must guarantee genuine revolutionary order.
The Soviet government will propose an immediate democratic peace to all the nations and an immediate armistice on all fronts. It will secure the transfer of the land of the landed proprietors, the crown and the monasteries to the peasant committees without compensation; it will protect the rights of the soldiers by introducing complete democracy in the army; it will establish workers' control over production; it will ensure the convocation of the Constituent Assembly at the time appointed; it will see to it that bread is supplied to the cities and prime necessities to the villages; it will guarantee all the nations inhabiting Russia the genuine right to self-determination.


One of the most prominent Cardinals in today's Church is Cardinal Raymond Leo Burke. He was bishop of Lacrosse and Saint Louis, in the United States. It was Pope Benedict who called him to Rome to serve in the curia. Today he still resides in the Eternal City, serving the Church in different ways.
For many, the crisis in the life of the Church is principally a crisis of the liturgy. What do you think about the situation?
I am convinced of it, because as we know the liturgy is the highest and most perfect expression of our life in Christ and in the Church. Because of the liturgical crisis we have suffered after the Council, there has also been a doctrinal crisis and a disciplinary crisis, but I believe that the restoration of liturgical life will also involve a reform, a full adherence to the doctrine of the Church, and at the same time, a moral life that is more deeply Christian.
What aspect of the liturgy, according to you, is in greatest crisis?
For me the aspect most in crisis is sacrality itself, the transcendence of the liturgical act, the encounter of heaven and earth and the action of Christ himself, through the priest who offers the Eucharistic Sacrifice. That has been cast into doubt after the Council by anthropocentrism, a concept of the liturgy not as a gift of God to us, which we must respect and honor, but as a creation (or invention) of our own. And so all these harmful experiments that we suffer have entered into the liturgy, along with a very worldly vision of the liturgical action, a secular vision that is antithetical to the liturgy and extremely harmful.
I'd like to ask: what is your opinion about liturgical music, which is also going through a terrible crisis?
In a certain sense, perhaps, the crisis has manifested itself more strongly—at least with regard to the English-speaking world—in the domain of sacred music, because very quickly after the Council Gregorian Chant was abandoned, the music proper to the Church, and also the organ, which as the same Council says is the instrument most adapted to divine worship. Secular songs were introduced with texts that were not doctrinally sound, and in some cases containing error: a worldly form of secular music that—as St Pius X taught (Motu Proprio Tra le Sollecitudini)—excites the emotions but does not elevate the soul to offer true worship to God. I see that in the English-speaking world there are strong movements developing to restore sacred music: this is so necessary, because the situation in the last decades has become steadily worse.
You are often labeled as a "traditionalist cardinal." What do you think about this label?
I am very content to be recognized as a traditionalist because our faith reaches us through Tradition, in the sense that the faith is transmitted to us by means of the Apostolic Ministry in an uninterrupted line that reaches back to the Apostles. For that reason I am delighted to be called a traditionalist, because I hope I am able to serve Tradition in my thought and in my priestly ministry. Tradition is Christ Himself. He comes to us through Tradition, as Pope Saint John Paul II said so beautifully in the letter written after the Great Jubilee of the Year 2000, Novo Millennio Ineunte.
More and more, I notice in the Church the tendency to identify people with labels, supposing that She is composed of various factions in conflict with one another. But this is not the Catholic Church: we have one faith, one sacramental life, and one governance. I don't like these labels and don't want to be part of such an opposition, which has nothing at all to do with the Church, in which we are now experiencing a great confusion. The fruit of this confusion is precisely such divisions.
Many writers—even those considered progressive—say they are inspired by the "true tradition." If you had to define Tradition, what would you say?
Tradition is the doctrine defined in the chief magisterial texts of the Church, the Sacred Liturgy just as it has been transmitted to us from the time of Our Lord and the Apostles. They constitute the uninterrupted discipline of the Church. It is possible to serve Tradition only through obedience, obedience to that which has been transmitted to us. Many people say that they are serving Tradition in the "spirit of the tradition": this is a false reading of the magisterial texts, a false interpretation of the Sacred Liturgy, meant to pander to contemporary ideas that are in contrast with the Sacred Liturgy and the practice of the faith.
In your experience and opinion, who are the Catholic intellectuals that every Catholic ought to read?
There are many authors today who are exemplary. For example, I find that two newspapers in Italy are very strong: the first is a blog, La Nuova Bussola Quotidiana, with its director Riccardo Cascioli, a faithful representative of the Church, and Il Timone, which I highly esteem, along with its founder Gianpaolo Barra.
In America, there is a weekly called The Catholic Register, with an Englishman named Edward Pentin, a very faithful and profound writer. Then there are the authors of the past: Chesterton, Newman, Columba Marmion, Guéranger…. in the domain of Gregorian Chant there is all the work done by the Abbey of Solesmes. Regarding the Sacred Liturgy, there is The Spirit of the Liturgy by Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI.
God bless you, Cardinal Burke. In our parish,they are using a hymnal with many protestant hymns, including one by Martin Luther and a hymn celebrating the victory of protestant Netherlands over Catholic Spain!. We will try and change the hymnal.
Thank GOD for Cardinal Burke!!!
Due criticisms of the "Left" liturgists!
However, WHAT does His Eminence have to say about the LEGION OF IMPROV-ARTISTS ON THE "RIGHT" who regularly get away with significant text/rubric departures from Trad-Latin-Mass prescriptions! They get away with it because, contrary to what was strenuously inculcated by Pope Pius XII about "ASSISTING" at Mass, revivalist TLM-ers order their congregations to keep silent, use no microphones at the Altar themselves, and even advocate the fiddling with rosaries & such!
For example, as an altar-boy with significant pre-Vat-2 experience, I don't think I've ever attended a SSPX, Roman Indult or post-Motu Proprio TLM WHICH IS DONE BY THE BOOK; i.e., offered according to the 1962 Missal!! The altar-boy in me…plus great Latin scholarship… always recognizes those extra Confiteors before Communion along with what looks like TWO Final Blessings!!
Pointing out these liturgical deviations meets with only the most violent and incorrigible of responses!!!
The priest who duels with me the most over this past decade insists that the 1962 Missal & Rubrics are heretical or at least heterodox and that ALL CLERICS, ESPECIALLY INCLUDING CARD. BURKE, advocate such INSUBORDINATION and use the Trent Missal or some other such crypto-canonical work. Fr. Kostler even claims he's seen Cdl. Burke and others equally weighty perform such televised (and heavily choreographed by MCs with their own agendas) hetero-TLMs and thus continues to use such Trad-Caths as sufficient Exemplars!
Again, does Cdl. Burke recognize his role in all this nonsense????????????


text:
September 13, 2020 by Howard Coleman
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Eurostat in documents from the international criminal courts and the UN (PDF).
More about Eurostat in this legal plataforma.
Definitions about Eurostat in the law dictionaries.
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Eurostat in IP national laws.
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Meaning of Eurostat
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Note: there is more information about this term in the European legal Encyclopedia. Meaning of Eurostat, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Eurostat is the Statistical Office of the European Union. Its task is to provide the European Union with statistics at the European level. By harmonising statistics through a single methodology, the statistics are made comparable for products and services in the European Union. The registration works for all Eurostat products and services. This means that by registering, individuals and companies can activate the alert function and access the enhanced functionalities of the databases. Website.
Here is a very short concept of eurostat in the European Union framework: The Commission's statistics office, with responsibility for compiling the figures (often neither comparable nor reliable) supplied by member states.
European Union > EU institutions and European civil service > EU office or agency
Economics > Economic analysis > Statistics > EU statistics
See the dictionary definition of Eurostat.
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European Company European Company and Europe There is an entry on european company in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Company" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
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ECU Ecu Summary of Ecu The European Monetary System is considered here.(Main Author: William J. Miller) ECU and International Trade Economy ECU (European Currency Unit) and Europe There is an entry on ecu (european currency unit) in the European legal encyclopedia. ECU and the [...]...
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European Model European Model and Europe There is an entry on european model in the European legal encyclopedia. European model and the European Union Resources See Also European social model Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Model" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of [...]...
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Vat Vat Vat in International Trade Meaning of Vat, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The Value Added Tax is a tax assessed on the increased value of goods as they pass from raw material stage through the production and distribution processes to final [...]...
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European Political Community European Political Community and Europe There is an entry on european political community in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Political Community" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
Export Processing Zone Summary of Export Processing Zone A special type of Foreign Trade Zone (read this and related legal terms for further details) within which certain exemptions from duties, taxes, and regulations are granted as an inducement to export-oriented manufacturing. Customarily a manufacturer within [...]...
Export Manager Export Manager in International Trade Meaning of Export Manager, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An export manager serves as intermediary between foreign buyers and domestic sellers. Unlike trading companies who buy the products before selling directly [...]...
Convention on Data Protection Convention on Data Protection and Europe There is an entry on convention on data protection in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Convention on Data Protection" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
Europe Central and East European Countries (CEECs) and the GATT Policy Negotiations In relation to the GATT Policy Negotiations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following explanation and/or definition of Central and East European Countries (CEECs): Includes Albania, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, [...]...
Export Business Plan Export Business Plan in International Trade Meaning of Export Business Plan, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The purpose of an export business plan is to prepare companies, specially middle and small to enter the international market place or to better [...]...
Acquis A French term meaning 'that which has been acquired' and used in relation to European Union law, most notably in the form of the acquis communautaire , to signify the entire body of European laws. The term has also been used with reference to the Schengen process concerning the [...]...
Congress of Europe Congress of Europe and Europe There is an entry on congress of europe in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Congress of Europe" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach [...]...
Fortress Europe Fortress Europe and Europe There is an entry on fortress europe in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Fortress Europe" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile [...]...
Peoples Europe Peoples Europe and Europe There is an entry on peoples europe in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Peoples Europe" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; [...]...
European Monetary Union Meaning of European Monetary Union Here is a very short concept of european monetary union in the European Union framework: It is a common mistake that EMU means European monetary union. In fact the initials stand for Economic and Monetary Union, a more far-reaching goal. Resources Notas y [...]...
European Economic Interest Grouping European Economic Interest Grouping and Europe There is an entry on european economic interest grouping in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Economic Interest Grouping" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union [...]...
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (ebrd) and Europe There is an entry on european bank for reconstruction and development (ebrd) in the European legal encyclopedia. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the European Union Resources See Also World Bank Bank [...]...
European Union law Part 6 Contents European Union law Part 665LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW66LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW67LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW68LAW JOURNAL / ... Read more...
World Trade Organisation World Trade Organisation (wto) and Europe There is an entry on world trade organisation (wto) in the European legal encyclopedia. World Trade Organisation and the European Union Resources See Also WTO Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "World Trade Organisation (wto)" in the [...]...
WEU WEU (Western European Union) and Europe There is an entry on weu (western european union) in the European legal encyclopedia. Common Foreign and Security Policy, NATO and WEU and the European Union WEU and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations [...]...
Eurospeak Eurospeak and Europe There is an entry on eurospeak in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Eurospeak" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; London)...
Eurosceptic Eurosceptic and Europe There is an entry on eurosceptic in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Eurosceptic" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; London)...
EC EC and Europe There is an entry on ec in the European legal encyclopedia. EC and the European Union Resources See Also International Organization Foreign Relations Intergovernmental Organization Regional Organization Regional Integration Resources See Also European Community Resources See [...]...
Eurotunnel Eurotunnel and Europe There is an entry on eurotunnel in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Eurotunnel" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; London)...
Eurosclerosis Meaning of Eurosclerosis Here is a very short concept of eurosclerosis in the European Union framework: Hardening of Europe's economic arteries (see more in the European legal encyclopedia). A term used to denote stagnation arising from rigid labour laws, high social costs, heavy taxation [...]...
Eurobond Summary of Eurobond A bond or similar debt instrument issued by a government or a firm, denominated in the currency of the country of issue and paying interest in that currency but sold abroad.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Eurobond and Europe There is an entry on eurobond in [...]...
Trade Unions Trade Unions and Europe There is an entry on trade unions in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Trade Unions" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; London)...
European Community European Community (EC) in relation with International Trade In the context of trade organizations, Christopher Mark (1993) provided the following definition of European Community (EC): (Previously known as the European Economic Community, or EEC; the term "European Communities" [...]...
Europhobe Meaning of Europhobe Here is a very short concept of europhobe in the European Union framework: One who distrusts all the objectives and methods of the European Union, perhaps from xenophobic motives (see more in the European legal encyclopedia). Also used by Europhiles as a term of [...]...
Community Preference Summary of Community Preference A component principle of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Community Preference and Europe There is an entry on community [...]...
Export Management Company A private company that serves as the export department of other firms, usually small- and medium-size manufacturers. An EMC will provide a variety of services for its clients, to include locating customers abroad, arranging transportation and financing for the merchandise, developing foreign [...]...
Single Market Summary of Single Market A component feature of the Common Agricultural policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Single Market and Europe There is an entry on single market in the European [...]...
Economic Union Summary of Economic Union Also known as an economic community, an advanced form of economic integration on the part of several states. The economic union incorporates the features of a Common market (read this and related legal terms for further details)—unrestricted free trade among [...]...
Council of Ministers Council of Ministers (Council, or Council of the European Union) and Europe There is an entry on council of ministers (council, or council of the european union) in the European legal encyclopedia. Council of Ministers and the European Union Resources See Also Council Resources See Also [...]...
The Six Summary of The Six The member states of the European Communities (Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg) prior to the enlargement of the community to embrace Great Britain, Ireland, and Denmark (all in 1972) and Greece (1981).(Main Author: [...]...
Economic Space European Economic Space and Europe There is an entry on european economic space in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Economic Space" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by [...]...
Latin Monetary Union Latin Monetary Union and Europe There is an entry on latin monetary union in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Latin Monetary Union" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney [...]...
Economic Community European Economic Community (EEC) and Europe There is an entry on european economic community (eec) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Economic Community (EEC)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from [...]...
Economic Area European Economic Area (EEA) and Europe There is an entry on european economic area (eea) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Economic Area (EEA)" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
Bank Export Services Act A 1982 act of Congress that amends Federal banking laws to permit banks to acquire equity, up to 100 percent, in Export Trading Companies. The act forms Title II of the Export Trading Company Act. See export TRADING COMPANY ACT.......
Export Duty A tax imposed on exports. This mechanism serves as a source of government revenue and is imposed by some countries on a limited number of products. Export duties are expressly forbidden by the U.S. Constitution.......
Export Control Export Control and the Laws of International Trade Export control reform initiative Export Administration System Commerce control list Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions Dual use items End-use-based controls Reexports Software and technology Regulatory requirements for all [...]...
Export Broker Export Broker in International Trade Meaning of Export Broker, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): An individual or firm that brings together buyers and sellers for a fee but does not take part in actual sales transactions....
Export License Export License in International Trade Meaning of Export License, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A government document granting the licensee the right to export a specific quantity of a commodity to a specified country. This license may be require in a [...]...
Intervention Summary of Intervention A process within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy (read this and related legal terms for further details) of the European Economic Community whereby the EEC will purchase certain commodities currently selling below a stipulated target price. The price [...]...
Trade Unions in Europe Trade unions in europe in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Trade unions in europe provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Resources Trade Union Topics Trade Union Act Trades Union Congress (TUC) Trade Union Density Definition of Trade Union Socialist Coalition Socialist Party [...]...
Export Administration Regulations Export Administration Regulations and the Laws of International Trade The Export Administration Regulations Export Control Compliance and Administration National security-related controls Foreign policy controls Short supply controls Jurisdiction Foreign boycotts under [...]...
Export Cartels In the United States For information about Export cartels in the context of international trade, click here...
Pact on Stability Pact on Stability in Europe and Europe There is an entry on pact on stability in europe in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Pact on Stability in Europe" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to [...]...
Downsizing Downsizing in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Downsizing provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: Reduction of a company's workforce generally in an attempt to cut costs and improve efficiency. Resources Trade Union Topics Trade Union Act Trades Union Congress (TUC) Trade Union [...]...
Market Access Data Base Market Access Data Base in International Trade Meaning of Market Access Data Base, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Database of the European Union with comprehensive information about tariffs in all countries of the world to European products and [...]...
Movements European Movement and Europe There is an entry on european movement in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "European Movement" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach [...]...
Variable Geometry Variable Geometry and Europe There is an entry on variable geometry in the European legal encyclopedia. Variable geometry and the European Union Resources See Also Differentiated integration Two-speed Europe Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Variable Geometry" in the work [...]...
Draft Treaty Draft Treaty Establishing the European Union (dteu) and Europe There is an entry on draft treaty establishing the european union (dteu) in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Draft Treaty Establishing the European Union (dteu)" in the work [...]...
Berne Convention Definition of Berne Convention In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Berne Convention : The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works: an international convention of September 1886 that sets out ground rules for protection of [...]...
Bargaining Unit Bargaining unit in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Bargaining unit provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: A group of workers within a particular company, establishment, industry or occupation that constitutes an appropriate unit for the purpose of collective bargaining. See [...]...
Industrial Unión Industrial unión in the International Trade Union Rights Area Definition of Industrial unión provided by ITUC-CSI-IGB: A union whose membership is composed of workers in a particular industry, regardless of their profession or skill level. See company unión Resources [...]...
Maastricht Treaty The Maastricht Treaty (a/k/a the "Treaty of Maastricht" or the "Treaty on Economic Union") created the Euro as Europe's single currency. The treaty was signed Feb. 1, 1992 and came into force Nov. 1, 1993, although the Euro didn't come into use until 1999. The Treaty is [...]...
Export Contract Export Contract in International Trade Meaning of Export Contract, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): The export contract is used for the international sale of certain products (industrial supplies, raw materials, manufactured goods), which are projected [...]...
Enarque Enarque and Europe There is an entry on enarque in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Enarque" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; London)...
ESPRIT ESPRIT and Europe There is an entry on esprit in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "ESPRIT" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; London)...
Engrenage Engrenage and Europe There is an entry on engrenage in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Engrenage" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; London)...
ERASMUS ERASMUS and Europe There is an entry on erasmus in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "ERASMUS" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; London)...
Ecofin Ecofin and Europe There is an entry on ecofin in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Ecofin" in the work "A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; London)...
Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvements Act A 1982 act of Congress, constituting Title IV of the export trading company act (read this and related legal terms for further details), which amends the Sherman Act and Federal Trade Commission Act to clarify their inap......
Trans-European Networks Trans-european Networks (TENs) and Europe There is an entry on trans-european networks (tens) in the European legal encyclopedia. Trans-European networks and the European Union Resources See Also TENs Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Trans-european Networks (TENs)" in the [...]...
Eur-lex Note: there is more information about this term in the European legal Encyclopedia. Meaning of Eur-lex, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Portal that offers most European Union legal texts. EUR-Lex goal is bringing together the whole body of EU texts for [...]...
Euro-pallet Euro-pallet in International Trade Note: there is more information about this term in the European legal Encyclopedia. Meaning of Euro-pallet, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A type of wooden pallet measured in millimeters that has the dimensions 800 mm [...]...
Eurobox Eurobox in International Trade Meaning of Eurobox, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A plastic stackable container with closed grips. This normalization turns out to be essential for the coordination and adaptation among different manufacturers, for which [...]...
Europages Europages in International Trade Meaning of Europages, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): Europages is the main business directory for finding, selecting and contacting companies in all European countries. It has near 3 million companies registered. The [...]...
European Option European Option in International Trade Note: there is more information about this term in the European legal Encyclopedia. Meaning of European Option, according to the Dictionary of International Trade (Global Negotiator): A foreign exchange type of contract containing a provision to the [...]...
European Landscape Convention ContentsEuropean Landscape ConventionEuropean Union (EU) implicationsConclusionNotesSee AlsoReferences and Further ReadingAbout the Author/s and Reviewer/sMentioned in these Entries European Landscape Convention ... Read more...
Europe Criminal Law Convention on Corruption ContentsCouncil of Europe Criminal Law Convention on Corruption and the Additional ProtocolTitle of TreatyAbout the Criminal Law Convention on CorruptionCouncil ... Read more...
European Common Market European Common MarketCross-reference: European Economic Community and European Union.......
Eurco A commercial version of the European Currency Unit (read this and related legal terms for further details). In order to stimulate interest in the European currency unit (ECU), in 1973 the European Investment Bank introdu......
Euro-Sdr Synthetic special drawing rights (read this and related legal terms for further details), created for use in commercial transactions. Official SDRs are international reserve assets created by the International Monetary F......
Eurocrats Summary of Eurocrats Employees of the secretariat of the European Communities or its agencies.(Main Author: William J. Miller) Eurocrats and Europe There is an entry on eurocrats in the European legal encyclopedia. Resources See Also Further Reading Entry "Eurocrats" [...]...
Euronationalism A geopolitical viewpoint that holds that the interests of Europeans are substantially interrelated and transcend the national boundaries that separate Europeans into different states. This viewpoint emerged strongly after World War II and is the product of a greater awareness of pan-European goals, ......
Euronet An international, computer-based network founded by the European Communities to foster the movement of information among member states. Euronet consists of five nodes, or distribution points, located in London, Paris, Frankfurt, Rome, and Zurich; five additional access points have been established i......
European Agricultural Guidance And Guarantee Fund Common Agricultrural Policy is considered here.......
European Atomic Energy Community Summary of European Atomic Energy Community One of the three components of the European Communities, established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957. The entity, known commonly as Euratom, was created by member states of the European Coal and Steel Community (at that time, France, Italy, Federal [...]...
European Coal And Steel Community European Coal And Steel Community Summary of European Coal And Steel Community One of three component entities within the European Communities, the coal and steel organization was formed following World War II to permit member states to equalize their access to iron and steel resources. The [...]...
European Communities Summary of European Communities The name for the collective institution that embraces the European Economic Community, the European Atomic Energy Community, and the European Coal And Steel Community (qq.v.). Each of the three entities was established by separate convention, the earliest of [...]...
European Currency Unit Summary of European Currency Unit The European Monetary System is considered here.(Main Author: William J. Miller) European Currency Unit and the European Union Resources See Also ECU...
European Economic Community Summary of European Economic Community One of the three components of the European Communities. In March 1957, the members of the European Coal and Steel Community (France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, and the Benelux countries) expanded the sphere of economic cooperation through the [...]...
European Free Trade Association Summary of European Free Trade Association A free trade area consisting of seven European countries among which tariffs and quantitative restrictions on industrial imports have been eliminated. Established in 1960 by the Stockholm Convention, EFTA originally included Austria, Denmark, [...]...
European Investment Bank Summary of European Investment Bank A multilateral development bank established in 1958 by the Treaty of Rome for the purpose of assisting in the balanced growth of the European economic community (read this and related legal terms for further details) (EEC). The bank grants long-term loans [...]...
European Monetary Cooperation Fund The successor to the European payments Union (read this and related legal terms for further details), the EMCF was established by the European Monetary Agreement of 1958 as a vehicle to enhance monetary cooperation among......
European Patent System A series of agreements among European states, the object of which is harmonized patent laws and regulations. The system includes the following agreements: European Patent Convention, also known as the Munich Patent Convention, and the Convention on Granting of European Patents, provides patent prot......
European Payments Union Summary of European Payments Union An intra-European mechanism for the periodic settlement of trade balances. The EPU was established July 1, 1950, among the members of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (read this and related legal terms for further details) (OEEC) to [...]...
European Recovery Program Commonly known as the Marshall Plan, a post-World War II program to assist the reconstruction of Europe. The plan was proposed by U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall in 1947 and implemented by the Economic Cooperation Act of 1948. During the course of the program, U.S. $13.6 billion in assistanc......
European Terms An expression of the value of any foreign currency in terms of how many units equal one dollar; effective September 1, 1979, most New York banks employed this foreign currency method for transactions.......
Europol "In full operation since 1999, Europol is associated with the European Union as the result of a decision by the political and legislative bodies of the Union. EuropolÂ's activities are legally framed and bound to certain areas of investigation. Yet, Europol is nonetheless [...]...
Categories E, su1 Tags Economic analysis, Economics, EU, EU institutions and European civil service, EU office or agency, Europe, European Union, International Trade, Statistics
Official Visit


Super-Star Chess GMs Trivia Photo: Name them, Name Event!
Hello chess friends, this is a high-powered gathering of chess stars for sure. Question for you - Where and what was the event? It surely wasn't the Candidates though it could easily pass of as one at first glance! ;) We will post the answer in the comments... hopefully though may Chess Blog readers beat us to it!


Aaron Bick died suddenly and unexpectedly of heart failure on Tuesday, August 28, 2018.
Aaron Bick was an extraordinary man and an unforgettable presence to all those around him.
Aaron loved and cared for his children, Hannah, Izzy and Althea with a larger-than-life devotion.
Aaron was a passionate and dynamic partner to Laurel whom he considered 'his much better half'. Their generous table was a gathering place for so many people - all devouring Aaron's trademark barbeque meals and his choice of exceptional wines.
Aaron was a precious and valued presence in the lives of his friends and colleagues. They talked to him often just to get their regular dose of Aaron - uncanny with his insights and knowledge.
He had a magnetism that pulled so many exceptional people into his circle. Unpredictably outrageous, it was hard to know what Aaron would do next. He would often joke, 'You can't say I don't make life exciting.' That he did!
Aaron was also a major presence to thousands who never met him - the clients of WineOnline, the company he founded.
Every day Aaron would send out emails with passionate recommendations of his favourite wines. Intertwined with it all was Aaron's generosity - story after story of people receiving Aaron's open-handed assistance.
Aaron was on the West Park Fundraising Board to build a new healthcare centre. It is a sad, sad day without Aaron. Laurel and the children, his brothers Daniel and Jonny (his co-founders in WineOnline) and their families, his two younger siblings Nomi and Noah, his parents Marion and Robert and his many, many friends and colleagues throughout the world are all wondering how life will be without Aaron's incandescent presence.


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text:
Not Silicon startup that wants to
democratise the English language
Writing in English is a huge problem for more than a billion people around the world, and that number will keep growing. A great team from Sicily started up Ludwig because they think that if English is supposed to be the universal language, then it should belong to everybody and not only to those born in English speaking countries. "It is about giving everybody in the world the same opportunity to communicate." - explains CEO, Antonio Rotolo. Ludwig team was happy and honored to take part in our EnglishMag project and we are really grateful to them!
Why people need Ludwig
Antonio, Federico and Roberta each have long experience in studying and working in English, and precisely because of this, they came up with Ludwig. "If you have to write a formal email to a professor, or if you have to submit an application for a project of the European Fund, or something of this sort, you need to be perfect in your writing. If you are a non-native speaker, it doesn't matter how well read you are- you'll always have some doubts."
Ludwig started to solve this specific point because, Antonio shares, "existing tools like Google Translate, Word Reference, and others are very useful, but they are either unreliable or do not help me put words and expressions into context."
How it all started: from university archaeology to archaeology of words
The idea for Ludwig developed out of Antonio's rather unusual journey into research. He started studying law, but soon realised it was not for him and switched to archaeology. He shares that upon hearing this news, his mother screamed, "Archaeo- what? That is not even a job!" Yet, despite maternal doubts, Antonio kept to his path. He went on to study at the University of Granada, then at MIT, and finally went to Germany to pursue his academic career.
Antonio says that archaeology is, in a way, highly relevant to the idea of Ludwig. "Archaeology is the study of society through material culture, and it has a very global approach to problems. I studied a little bit of everything, from historical sciences, linguistics, and geography to physics, chemistry, and botany." Antonio argues that this variety of competencies made him, "A great specialist in nothing, who could, therefore, experiment in basically everything." He found out that his skills could be applied not only to the past, but also to the present. The numerous perspectives he studied the human being from helped him look at communication from different points of view, leading him to focus on how to democratise the English language.
Interview with Ludwig CEO, Antonio Rotolo
- Why have you and your team decided to make this corpus-based service?
Writing in good English is a daily pain for millions. One huge problem with English writing is that we confuse formal (i.e. orthographic) correctness text and good writing. It often happens that a formally correct sentence doesn't make any sense in the real world. With Ludwig, we help people write better, which means both grammatically correct and with meaning. We do this by letting our users compare their best guess of a sentence with reliable examples coming from good sources of English from which one can take inspiration. Imitation is one of the brain's most used methods to acquire knowledge, why don't we leverage our ability to learn by imitation when it comes to writing?
Ludwig helps the user during the creative process and in learning by doing. Ludwig's approach is far from academic, it doesn't focus only on grammar and never gives a univocal answer. Ludwig simply puts the user in the condition to critically understand the answer to a writing doubt.
- How much time did it take to analyze all the media sources? Can you send the list of a the media services you use?
I'd say three of years, but it's a never ending task. We are constantly growing our sources of language and expressions. The sources we mainly make reference to are: The New York Times, The New Yorker, The Economist, The Guardian, The BBC, Forbes (to name a few). Those are the backbone of Ludwig, then we also have sources in different linguistic domains to cover as many linguistic niches as possible. For example, we make reference to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy and hundreds of scientific journals from 200 different scientific fields.
- Can you share the statistics on Top5 countries that are using Ludwig.guru? And in August 2016 you had 10,000 page views a day and 75,000 users on a daily basis from 168 countries. I think you have much more clicks nowadays!
Our top 5 countries are US, India, UK, Canada, China. So far in 2019 we had 7.5M, and we had 16M since launch.
- The free subscription has some limitations - no more than 10 searches per day, even with login credentials... can you suggest to change to 20-30 searches per day for registered users?
Free users have 3 free searches per day, registered users 8 searches per day. We experiment with numbers, so that they are not set in stone and actually change quite frequently.
Giving 20-30 free queries per day would be unbearable from a business point of view. We are so used to get free stuff on the web that we often forget that when we are not paying for a product, then we are THE product (or better said our data is the product being sold to others). At Ludwig, we are very sensitive to this topic and decided that we would be transparent and fair with our users' data. Our policy is simple: we don't make money on our users' data. Unfortunately we still have to pay the bills and put bread on the table. The best option we came up with, was to ask users to pay for the service. Some liked it, other didn't. We have a weird relation with web services: if you have a beer and are charged $5 you won't probably blink, but if you are asked to pay the same amount for a tool that makes you more productive, you'll probably freak out. We think we have a reasonable price.
Also, we wanted to be completely free to grow Ludwig in the direction we wanted, not in the direction an investor might have wanted. For this reason, we decided not to raise money from venture capitalists and to bootstrap Ludwig with what we had (plus a 25k€ grant and from Telecom Italia and a small loan from the Italian Government). I'm not saying we are against VCs nor that we won't raise money in the future. It wasn't the moment for us and we wanted to challenge this narrative. Unfortunately, all comes at a price: differently from startups from Silicon Valley who are replete with cash, we have to be sustainable with our cash flow. It's a different way of starting and running a company but is the way we did it.
I think a lot of people got this and appreciated it a lot, in fact there are users who bought subscription from us for the sake of supporting us. Being a tiny (we are a team of 6) and independent startup fighting against big companies is like being sort of David in a world of Goliaths. We receive a lot of empathy from people and hundreds of warm messages (and it means a lot to us).
- When are you planning to launch Ludwig app on Android and iOS?
We are a small team and we have to be very careful on what we develop first. Nowadays a lot written content is produced directly on the browser (e.g. Gmail, Google Docs, Wordpress, etc.). We decided that a Chrome Extension was more urgent than a mobile app and we are about to launch the Chrome Extension in a few weeks. Nevertheless, we hope we'll be able to launch the mobile apps before the end of 2019.
- What are the main goals of Ludwig Guru? I think one of the main goals is to make people more intelligent, isn't it?
Unfortunately, we can't make people more intelligent, but we try to offer them all the pieces they need to make an informed decision autonomously.
I dream of disrupting the monopoly of English people over their own language. If English is de facto the language of the world, then it should belong to everybody. All humans should be able to communicate on the same level and have the same opportunities. We are making the English language more democratic, we are helping people write and achieve their goals in life. I take pride in telling you that Ludwig is used by a journalist in Myanmar to report about the conflicts in his country, by thousands of researchers from hundreds of universities in the world to write down their findings, by a Franciscan fray that is on a mission in Kenya.
find out more how to use Ludwig guru with the example by Polina Kordik - https://vk.com/wall-80289923_9825
ludwig.guru
25.06.2020 Updated
Ludwig promo-codes for EnglishMag subscribers
Ludwig is the tool that helps you write better English and understand if your sentences make sense. How many times do you have doubts when writing an English sentence? Ludwig will let you know if you are writing it in the best way and will show you examples taken from the most reliable sources.
Dear EnglishMag subscribers! If you want to have free access for one month, just send us a message to mail@englishmag.ru and we will send you a Ludwig Guru promo code!
NOTE: You have to be the subscriber of the magazine (International 3USD one-time payment)
englishmag.ru/Online-Subscription-Worldwide


text:
Rose Bud School District Home of the Ramblers!
Steve Bradley
Luke Calhoun
Shawn Gorham
Cody Wortham
Rodney Hipp
ABC/Pre-K Program
McKinney-Vento Act Information
Summer Feeding Locations
AMI- ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF INSTRUCTION
ROSE BUD SCHOOL DISTRICT HEALTH CENTER
SBHC Information
HIPAA PAPERWORK
Rose Bud School District
Rose Bud High School
Rose Bud Elementary
Rose Bud SD
The Rose Bud School District provides services to 235 high-ability and identified gifted students through the elementary through enrichment classes.
28 students in grades 4-6 are provided 150 minutes of direct instruction through pull-out classes.
69 identified gifted students at the high school level that are provided with a differentiated curriculum in content classes, and quarterly GT meetings with GT Program Administrator.
During the 15-16 school year, Rose Bud School District offered the following AP classes on campus: Biology, Calculus AB, Chemistry, English Literature and Composition, and US History.
A certified GT facilitator/AP coordinator is employed
The Special Services Department is responsible for the identification, evaluation, educational programming, and placement for students who may have a disability which adversely effects their education and requires specialized instruction.
Following a comprehensive assessment that may include a psychological evaluation, educational testing, speech-language assessment, audiological testing and other assessments, a student found eligible for and needing special education services in one or more of the following categories:
Deaf-blindness
Emotional Disturbance
Intellectual Deficiency
Other Health Impairment
Specific Leaning Disability
Speech or Language Impairment
The Rose Bud School District is required to provide free, appropriate public education to eligible children in cooperation with parents and other agencies under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Each eligible student must have an Individual Education Program (IEP), which is developed by a team composed of teachers and other qualified school personnel, parents or guardians and the student, when appropriate. The IEP is revised when necessary and reviewed at least annually.
Does my child do the same things other children his or her age do? Some children need help walking, talking, seeing, hearing, or learning.If you feel your child needs help, contact your local school district. Special education services are available to all eligible children birth through high school, in both public and private including children who are highly mobile, homeless or wards of the state.
Early detection is the key to helping your child get off to a good start. Getting help today prepares your child for future success.
For more information about Arkansas Child Find, click here.
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 focuses on non-discrimination. The denial of public education participation or enjoying the benefits offered by the public school's programs because of a student's disability is prohibited.
Unlike special education, under Section 504, there is no list of "approved" disabling conditions. A "handicapped" person is one who:
Has a physical or mental impairment which substantially limits one or more major life activities,
Has a record of such an impairment, or
Is regarded as having such an impairment
35 C.F.R Sec. 104.3(j)(1)
Physical or Mental impairment means (A) any physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, or anatomical loss affecting one or more of the following body systems, neurological; musculoskeletal; special sense organs; respiratory, including speech organs; cardiovascular; reproductive; digestive; genitourinary' hematic and lymphatic, skin and endocrine; or (B) any mental or psychological disorder, such as mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities.
34 C.F.R. Sec. 104.3(j)(2)(i)
Major Life Activities means "functions such as caring for one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, breathing, learning, and working."
34 C.F.R. Sec 104.3(j)(2)(ii) &
42 U.S.C. Sec 12102(2)(A)
Each campus has a Section 504 building coordinator. To discuss the initiation of a referral for consideration of accommodations under Section 504 contact your child's principal or assistant principal.
Please click here for information about Title 1 information or McKinney-Vento Act Information (Homeless)
CROSSROADS ALTERNATIVE LEARNING CENTER
The Rose Bud School District is a consortium member of several regional school districts in support of Crossroads Alternative Learning Center. Students in grades 7-12 who meet criteria of "at risk" are eligible to be considered for placement at CALC. At risk criteria may include those students who exhibit two or more of the following characteristics:
Disruptive behavior
Drop out from school
Personal or family problems or situations
Recurring absenteeism
Transition to or from residential programs
Ongoing, persistent lack of attaining proficiency levels in literacy and mathematics
Abuse: physical, mental or sexual
Frequent relocation or residency
Inadequate emotional support
Mental/physical health problems
Returning drop-out under age 21
Students with frequent suspensions or expulsion
Please contact a High School administrator to initiate a referral to CALC.
124 School Road
Rose Bud, AR 72137
Copyright © Rose Bud School District 2020. All rights reserved.


text:
Romania's Parliament passes law providing more money for Holocaust survivors
(JTA) — Romania's Parliament passed legislation that would provide increased direct financial support for Holocaust survivors.
The funds, a monthly payment of up to $97.98 per month for each year of deportation or detention, will be available beginning in July to those who were persecuted in Romania between 1940 and 1945, including deportees to ghettos and concentrations camps, survivors of the death trains and forced labor detachments, refugees and those who were imprisoned for ethnic reasons or forcefully removed from their homes in that period.
Survivors who no longer have Romanian citizenship or reside in the country, as well as the spouse of a deceased Holocaust survivor if they did not remarry, also are eligible.
The law was initiated by Silviu Vexler, a Parliament member representing the Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania, the vice chairman of the Romania-Israel Parliamentary Group of Friendship and the vice chairman of the Labor and Social Protection Committee in the Chamber of Deputies.
"This law is a symbolic gesture to further recognize the terrifying suffering of people who have been through the darkest of moments," Vexler said in a statement before the Chamber of Deputies following the final vote on the law. "Even though nothing can change what happened in the past, through this act, the Parliament of Romania does a true gesture of humanity and dignity."
Before World War II, Romania had a Jewish population of over 700,000. Between 280,000 and 380,000 Jews were murdered or died during the Holocaust in Romania and the territories under its control, according to the Final Report of the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania published in 2004.
By	Cnaan Liphshiz	 January 17, 2022 11:23 am
Who is Aafia Siddiqui, the prisoner whom the Colleyville synagogue hostage-taker reportedly wanted to free?
By	Asaf Shalev	 January 15, 2022 10:36 pm
Prince Charles commissions Holocaust survivor portraits for Buckingham Palace
Brussels-based imam who prayed for Allah to burn Zionists kicked out of Belgium
A Jewish guide to the 2022 Australian Open
By	Emily Burack	 January 14, 2022 11:08 am
British Jewish leader resigns following comments about Muslims


The right conference can supercharge your leadership and ability to teach students. There are many trainings and workshops out there, but which will help you engineer for equity? Which are made for culturally responsive educators and leaders? I'm not sure about brother Paulo, but here are 18 of the freshest conferences.
Culturally responsive leaders only have so much time and being away from your site, classroom, or office feels more stressful than being there. But in this case, getting away can help you be a stronger leader, upon returning.
Don't forget about Culturally Responsive Leadership!
Here's my next 1 day Workshop.
Ok back to Freire's list!
Early in my career, as a teacher, I never attended conferences. Wish I did. I had not heard of conferences for educators.
But as a leader, I was lucky enough to be sent to Deloitte, and I loved it. Not because it was focused do equity (it was not!), but because I got to get away. SFUSD sent like 30 staff members, there was amazing food, comfortable accommodations, and a beautiful setting. We also came back with some shared language. And we were treated so nice. Can't beat that.
That isn't the best story about equity conference but it got me hooked on any type of professional learning. I later attended School Retool from Stanford's dSchool and New Tech Network's NTAC (reflection here). Then, I started attending equity-focused leadership trainings. Below are my 7 recommendations and 11 more from the homies.
National Anti-Racist Book Festival in Washington D.C.
What do you Return with?
Stop thinking about it and go. It is worth your money, and you can afford at least one conference a year. If you can keep it close, even better. Some you can even take your family along and make it a mini-vacation. If you are wondering how to pay, write grants, say yes hoping it will be good and find creative ways to use your funds. Don't forget that you should share what you learn with your team and staff. Don't try to bring too much back. You don't want to overwhelm your team. Instead, think how what you learned can help you more effectively meet your goals. And spread the word.
What should I add to the list?
Did you attend a dope conference? If you have a reflection, let me know if you want to guest post about it.
Need twitter homie help. I'm Working a new post. Making a list of dope equity conferences, trainings, institutes. Which do you suggest? What's the best of the best?


text:
Startseite ChemInform ChemInform Abstract: Landfill Leachate Treatments
ChemInform 2011 Vol. 42; Iss. 1
ChemInform Abstract: Landfill Leachate Treatments
Abdulhussain A. Abbas, Jingsong Guo, Zhi Ping Liu, Ying Ya Pan, Wisaam S. Al-Rekabi
The first two editions of this manual have been mainstays of molecular biology for nearly twenty years, with an unrivalled reputation for reliability, accuracy, and clarity. In this new edition, authors Joe Sambrook and David Russell have completely updated the book, revising every protocol and adding a mass of new material, to broaden its scope and maintain its unbeatable value for studies in genetics, molecular cell biology, developmental biology, microbiology, neuroscience, and immunology. Handsomely redesigned and presented in new bindings of proven durability, this three-volume work is essential for everyone using todays biomolecular techniques. The opening chapters describe essential techniques, some well-established, some new, that are used every day in the best laboratories for isolating, analyzing and cloning DNA molecules, both large and small. These are followed by chapters on cDNA cloning and exon trapping, amplification of DNA, generation and use of nucleic acid probes, mutagenesis, and DNA sequencing. The concluding chapters deal with methods to screen expression libraries, express cloned genes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotic cells, analyze transcripts and proteins, and detect protein-protein interactions. The Appendix is a compendium of reagents, vectors, media, technical suppliers, kits, electronic resources and other essential information. As in earlier editions, this is the only manual that explains how to achieve success in cloning and provides a wealth of information about why techniques work, how they were first developed, and how they have evolved.
Categories: Biology\\Molecular
DOI: 10.1002/chin.201101279
Download (pdf, 20 KB) Lese Bücher online


There are milestone events in everybody's lives that deserve congratulations. Maybe you know someone that's graduating, having a baby, moving away or purchasing a new home. These life-changing events, along with many others, are important and deserve to be celebrated.
There is self-satisfaction that comes in accomplishing goals, but it also feels good to receive accolades from others. If you know someone that accomplished something great, give him or her a congratulations ornament to mark the occasion. Hallmark carries a number of congratulations ornaments that are perfect gifts if you are looking to get someone a little something special to commemorate their event. With so many unique congratulations ornaments, you cannot go wrong.
And don't forget a congratulations card while you're shopping. Hallmark has a variety of congratulations cards – you're bound to find the perfect one for your situation.


text:
<?php
/* Prototype  : string gmstrftime(string format [, int timestamp])
 * Description: Format a GMT/UCT time/date according to locale settings
 * Source code: ext/date/php_date.c
 * Alias to functions:
 */

echo "*** Testing gmstrftime() : usage variation ***\n";

// Initialise function arguments not being substituted (if any)
$timestamp = gmmktime(8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 2008);

//array of values to iterate over
$inputs = array(
      'Abbreviated month name' => "%b",
      'Full month name' => "%B",
	  'Month as decimal' => "%m",
);

// loop through each element of the array for timestamp

foreach($inputs as $key =>$value) {
      echo "\n--$key--\n";
      var_dump( gmstrftime($value) );
      var_dump( gmstrftime($value, $timestamp) );
};

?>
===DONE===

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Do you know about Elango Street, Gem Nagar?. write information about this place, history,origin . how to reach there ?. Share complete info about Elango Street, Gem Nagar Let world discover this place.
Elango Street, Gem Nagar is a in Kanchipuram City in Tamil Nadu State, India.
Elango Street, Gem Nagar Pin code is 631502 and postal head office is Sankaramutt .
Gem Nagar , Subbu Nagar , Vadivel Nagar , S.s Nagar , Ragavendra Nagar are the nearby Localities to Elango Street Gem Nagar.
Kanchipuram East Rail Way Station , Kanchipuram Rail Way Station are the very nearby railway station to Elango Street, Gem Nagar.


Give your BMW M2 a fresh look and added performance with this high quality Carbon Fiber Front Splitter.
These are the perfect piece to pair with other carbon fiber accessories for a complete look that is sure to turn heads.
Improve your performance and style with this attractive Carbon Fiber Splitter for the BMW M2. Carbon Fiber is a material that is always associated with high performance due to it's high strength and low weight. This gives you some excellent styling on your front bumper that is sure the be notices by other enthusiasts. The functional benefit of the front splitter is to route air around the front bumper, giving you better stability through reduced drag. It is definitely one of the best exterior mods you can do because it has such a useful function to it on top of looking amazing.


text:
With no pledge from administration, U.S. leadership on GPE falls to Congress
Developing countries show ambition, but donors fall short at education financing conference
Dakar, Senegal, February 2, 2018 — Global leaders gathered this week in Dakar, Senegal for the largest ever education financing conference, convened by the Global Partnership for Education. At the conference, it was low-income and conflict-affected countries that pledged the vast majority of the total funds — $110 billion — for their own national education programs. Many countries committed to achieve the international target of devoting twenty percent of their national budgets to education, and many surpassed it.
Donor countries pledged an additional $2.3 billion over the next three years for the Global Partnership for Education (GPE). This falls short of the $3.1 billion donor target for GPE, which is designed to fill critical funding gaps for counties to reach the most vulnerable children, strengthen their education systems, and catalyze new investment. For its part, the United States sent a representative to Dakar but made no commitments beyond what Congress had already appropriated for GPE.
"Today's announcements mark a big step forward, with low-income and conflict-affected countries showing remarkable commitment to addressing the education crisis" said Joanne Carter, Executive Director of RESULTS and RESULTS Educational Fund.
"Unfortunately, with some important exceptions, donor countries have not yet matched that ambition," Carter continued. "The United States had a chance to demonstrate leadership on a world stage and amp up its investment in global education for children who need it the most. Regrettably, the administration did not take this opportunity. It is now up to Congress to make sure millions of kids aren't left behind as a result."
Last spring, the White House proposed drastic cuts to global development funding, including education. Congress rejected those cuts, and instead pushed for an increase in funding for GPE. In the last five years, members of Congress have more than tripled the annual U.S. commitment to GPE. Right now, a bipartisan resolution supported by more than 100 members of Congress is calling for continued U.S. leadership.
While welcoming the leadership of several key donors, Carter and other civil society leaders at the pledging conference were disappointed that donor pledges overall did not match the commitment shown by lower-income countries. Now civil society is calling for greater ambition and increased resources from a range of donors to fill the gap for GPE. Carter said that in the U.S., it falls to Congress to increase funding.
"There is bipartisan leadership in Congress on global education, and we are now counting on them to step up for the world's kids," she said. "We've made huge advances through GPE, but the reality is that 263 million kids remain out of school. It doesn't have to be this way. We know education is one of our most powerful tools in reducing poverty and inequality, and has positive ripple effects throughout communities and nations. And we must not forget that education is a right, not a privilege."
About RESULTS and RESULTS Educational Fund:
RESULTS supports a movement of passionate, committed everyday people using their voices to influence political decisions that will bring an end to poverty. Volunteers and staff multiply their impact through the enormous power of advocacy.
Our movement of volunteers is backed by a staff of researchers, policy analysts, and legislative and media experts. Our shared goal is the end of poverty. We have affiliates and partners across five continents, and a network of volunteers in all 50 states and worldwide. We're a non-partisan advocacy group comprised of RESULTS Educational Fund, a nonprofit 501(c)3 organization, and RESULTS, a nonprofit 501(c)4 grassroots lobbying organization.
+1 202.783.4800 x139


If you need some ideas for your dining room, you are in a good place! We will try to help you to specify your needs and transform them into specific requirements. Read our article about contemporary dining room chairs and use these suggestions in your house!
This enchanting HomePop Classics Parsons Chair adds elegance and style to any home. The parson's chair can be placed in any space such as the kitchen, dining room or family room. The frame and legs are made of solid wood, which provides durability and style. The fabric is an autumn leave print that just needs to be spot cleaned as needed. The HomePop Classic Parsons Chair is perfect for any contemporary space, but will match any style and décor in any home. You should order two or more of the parson's chairs because they are so beautiful and versatile.
Our fabulous Steve Silver Furniture Matinee Side Chair is elegance at its finest. The side chair features a tufted microfiber fabric, which is easy to clean with a soft, dry cloth. Plus the tufting makes it ultra-comfortable. The legs on the chair comes in a dark wood, which makes the fabric stand out. The Steve Silver Matinee Side Chair collection is the perfect addition to any contemporary or modern kitchen, dining room, and an excellent addition to any sitting room. The chairs are comfortable to sit on with the soft microfiber material. Order your Steve Silver Furniture Matinee Side Chair today and your space will be envied by friends and family.
The gorgeous and comfortable Monsoon Pacific Aprilia Parsons Chair will compliment and accent any formal dining table. Elegance and sophistication can be seen in the parson's chair. The rich color along with the dark wood legs makes this prize durable, comfortable and will last your family for many years to come. The Monsoon Pacific Aprilia Parsons Chair will bring life to any dull dining room or kitchen. Order your very own parsons chair today and add style to your space. These can be used in a contemporary, transitional or traditional décor. They fit in perfectly. Order two or more today!
For a designer's delight choose our Standard Furniture La Jolla Parsons Chair. The back and seat of the chair comfortable due to the added upholstery. The sleek lines and curvature that the La Jolla chairs provide elegance that is perfect for any formal dining room, and looks great in a professional office or sitting area. The legs come in dark, walnut finish that accents the color of fabric on the chair. The Standard Furniture La Jolla Parsons Chair comes in a set of two, and is covered with a one year warranty. These are such a great value you should order for so you always have enough seating.
The contemporary Monsoon Pacific Milan Parsons Chairs comes in a beautiful black faux leather that matches any décor perfectly. The chair legs come with an amazing dark, walnut finish that matches the black leather wonderfully. The parson's chairs would look great in any modern dining room or kitchen, and would accent any office or living area. They would also add seating for a smaller home office. These are sturdy and comfortable chairs that will look wonderful with any design space. Order your Monsoon Pacific Milan Parsons Chairs today to update any dull, boring space. Each order comes with two chairs.
Our sophisticated Monsoon Pacific Villa Parsons Chair comes in a stunning brown faux leather. The chair provides comfort and support with the high back. The frame is made of pine wood, then stained in a mahogany finish. The Monsoon parson's chairs is perfect for any dining room, kitchen or family room. It adds style, grace and sophistication while matching any décor. The Monsoon Pacific Villa Parsons Chair comes in a set of two, so make sure you get enough sets to go around your dining room or kitchen table. Add a set for your sitting room because they are so comfortable and stunning, which makes the perfect seating.