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Posted by Justine De Young | Last updated Aug 18, 2020 | Published on Jul 31, 2019 | 1570-1579, 16th century, decade overview
Women in the 1570s believed more was more, loved intense decorative effects, and adopted some influences from menswear. Men's dress was quite curvilinear, with a padded belly, small waist, and large bulbous melon hose at the thighs.
As Jane Ashelford remarks in Dress in the Age of Elizabeth I (1988): "During the 1570s dress became highly inventive and offered women a wider range of styles and decoration to choose from" (11).
Queen Elizabeth used dress politically and dressing well and in keeping with the latest styles was essential at the English court. A portrait by Nicholas Hilliard shows a favorite style of the Queen (Fig. 1), whose taste favored intense decorative exuberance; as Ashelford remarks: "The proliferation of applied decoration is typical of the Elizabethan's pre-occupation with pattern and avoidance of plain surfaces" (82). The portrait also features a preferred color scheme: "The Queen loved to contrast lustrous white pearls against her favourite colours of black, silver and gold." (Ashelford 87)
A portrait of an unknown Englishwoman (Fig. 2) shares the black, white and gold color palette and the all-over surface decoration, as well as mirroring the queen's neckline and lace-edged, closed figure-8 ruff. The chemises of both women are decorated with blackwork embroidery, which is quite visible due to the low, sloping/square-cut neckline. A late sixteenth-century chemise in the Met's collection has extensive blackwork on it (Fig. 3). The floral designs are quite similar to those seen on a sheer embroidered partlet in another British portrait (Fig. 4). Notably that woman has embroidery not only on the sheer partlet, but also on the chemise visible below, creating quite a busy visual effect.
A 1578 portrait of Lady Philippa Coningsby (Fig. 5) shows that the ruff will continue to grow in size over the course of the decade (achieving peak width ca. 1585). Lady Coningsby has blackwork embroidery on her chemise and white embroidery on her sheer partlet, in addition to methodically pinked sleeves.
Fig. 1 - Associated with Nicholas Hilliard (English, 1547-1619). Queen Elizabeth I, ca. 1575. Oil on panel; 78.7 x 61 cm (31 x 24 in). London: National Portrait Gallery, NPG 190. Purchased, 1865. Source: NPG
Fig. 2 - Artist unknown. Unknown woman, formerly known as Mary, Queen of Scots, ca. 1570. Oil on panel; 96.2 x 70.2 cm (37 7/8 x 27 5/8 in). London: National Portrait Gallery, NPG 96. Purchased, 1860. Source: NPG
Fig. 3 - Maker unknown (Italian). Chemise, late 16th century. Silk, linen, metal thread. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 41.64. Source: The Met
Fig. 4 - British School. Portrait of an Unknown Lady (once called 'Catherine Parr', and then 'Catherine Vaux, Lady Throckmorton'), 1576. Oil on panel; 54.5 x 45.5 cm. Alcester: Coughton Court, 135556. Source: ArtUK
Fig. 5 - George Gower (English, 1530-1596). Lady Philippa Coningsby, 1578. Oil on panel; (37 x 27 5/8 in). Indianapolis Museum of Art, 56.107. James E. Roberts Fund. Source: IMA
Fig. 6 - George Gower (English, 1540-1596). Elizabeth Littleton, Lady Willoughby, 1573. Oil on canvas; 75.6 x 63.5 cm (29.7 x 25 in). Source: Wikipedia
Hats and hairstyles adapted to counterbalance the expanding width of the ruff and silhouette in general, as Ashelford notes:
"An increased desire for width can also be seen in the shape of the hair: it is now puffed out on both sides of the head and the jewel-encrusted bonnet that adorns the head is flatter and longer so that it balances the wider shape." (28-29)
All of these portraits also highlight a shift in period jewelry styles, which Millia Davenport explains with reference to a portrait of Lady Willoughby (Fig. 6)
"During the reign of Elizabeth, the character of jewelry alters: jeweled collars are replaced by draped strands of pearls; and oval medallions by more elaborate pendants, showing better cut stones, increasingly naturalistic enamel work in paler colors; miniatures; cameos; mirrors; and watches of all shapes, octagonal, fat and pomander-like, or flattened. Both the form of the pendant and the spot at which it is places are now less often symmetrical. Lady Willoughby wears her enameled mermaid pendant at one side of her bodice, which is looped with strings of pearls combined with beads." (439)
Lady Willoughby also wears a man's style hat—another popular trend of the time:
"Interest in the hat now centers on its band. This carries the jewels formerly pinned to the under side of the brim; and from it, clusters of plumes emphasize the heightening crown. The male hat, much seen on women, is worn here, as was usual, with loose uncovered hair and a tiny reticulated cap, set on the back of the head. The hat, as well as the cap, is often worn indoors by women at this period, just as it is by men." (Davenport 439)
Fig. 7 - Artist unknown (Continental). Queen Elizabeth I, ca. 1575. Oil on panel; 113 x 78.7 cm (44 1/2 x 31 in). London: National Portrait Gallery, NPG 2082. Purchased, 1925. Source: NPG
Fig. 8 - Arist unknown. Queen Elizabeth I, ca. 1575. Oil on panel; 98 x 133 cm. Reading Museum, REDMG 1980.168.1. Source: Reading Museum
Fig. 9 - Designer unknown (Italian). Robe of the Countess Dorothea Sabina, late 16th century. Silk, velvet, metallic thread. The Bavarian National Museum, Munich. Source: Bayerisches Nationalmuseum
A portrait of Queen Elizabeth (Fig. 7) shows her wearing asymmetrically draped strands of pearls, but also the menswear influence as her dress bodice appears to be modeled on man's doublet with a center-front fastening, high collar, and very narrow skirt/peplum—now essentially a border at the edge (Ashelford 84). Counterbalancing the masculine styling, the dress is trimmed in pale orange and made with a gold floral brocade pattern on what would originally have been a darker crimson/violet ground. Contemporary critic Philip Stubbes nonetheless complained in the 1570s that "mannes apparell is, for all the worlde" (Arnold 137). Of course, as a queen ruling an empire adopting masculine dress elements likely amplified Elizabeth's projection of power. The doublet influence is even more evident in a portrait from ca. 1575 (Fig. 8), where her dress bodice ends in pickadils at the peplum and the wings. As Ashelford remarks: "The silhouette is becoming fuller and stiffer. The width across the upper part of the body is accentuated by a tiny waist and the wing no longer projects above the sleeve" (97). Janet Arnold notes other changes in the silhouette as well in Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd (1988),
"From the late 1560s onwards the pleats at the waist were interlined and the skirt was worn over padded cotton rolls which gradually increased in size, giving a dome shape. The waistline rose slightly over the padding in the mid-1570s still keeping the point in the front." (19)
A surviving dress in Italian fabric (Fig. 9) has similar styling, with tabs edging the doublet-like bodice. The dress still has an inverted V-shaped opening in the front to reveal a contrasting kirtle/skirt. Notably this dress has both long, loose hanging sleeves and narrow, banded tubular sleeves. Hanging sleeves like this were particularly worn in Spain as you can see in Alonso Sánchez Coello's portrait of a lady with a fan (Fig. 10) and in his portraits of Anna of Austria (see the Fashion Icon section below). Spanish collars were particularly high on both men and women.
For further discussion of Spanish fashion, see the analysis of Anna of Austria in the Fashion Icon section below.
Fig. 10 - Alonso Sánchez Coello (Spanish, 1531-1588). Lady with a Fan, 1570-73. Oil on panel; 62.6 x 55 cm. Madrid: Museo del Prado, P001142. Source: Prado
Fig. 11 - Alessandro Allori (Florentine, 1535-1607). Maria de' Medici, Oil on poplar. 116 x 90. Vienna: Kunsthistoriches Museum, 2583. Source: KHM
Fig. 12 - François Clouet (French, 1510-1572). Elisabeth of Austria (1554-1592), Queen of France, daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II of Austria and Infanta Maria of Spain, wife of King Charles Charles IX of France, ca. 1571. Oil on panel; 37 x 25 cm (14.5 x 9.8 in). Chantilly: Musée Condé, PE 258. Source: Wikipedia
Fig. 13 - Monogrammist AC (French, active unti 1577). Sibylle de Clèves-Juliers-Berg, margravine de Burgau, before 1577. Oil on panel; 49.3 x 36.1 cm. Private Collection. Source: Wikipedia
On the other hand, Italian women preferred open collars, which flared out and stood up and framed the neck; this style would later be termed a Medici collar. You can see an example in Alessandro Allori's portrait of Maria de' Medici (Fig. 11); her sleeves are banded like those in the surviving dress seen above. She wears a short-sleeved overdress like a Spanish ropa, rather than the doublet-influenced fashions seen on Queen Elizabeth.
Elisabeth of Austria, Queen of France, (Fig. 12) wears the rather stiff, puffed fashions popular at the French court, with a symmetrical arrangement of her jewelry. Sibylle de Clèves-Juliers-Berg (Fig. 13) also wears symmetrically styled jewelry, with a larger figure-8 ruff and cuffs and rather high shoulder wings. The ensemble is very ordered and lavish in its use of gold embroidery; she wears a small mannish bonnet atop her head.
Mette of Münchhausen (Fig. 14) displays more traditional Germanic dress styles, including the decorative pleated white apron at front. Tight pleating is also visible in her dress and skirt as well. She wears a black velvet gollar, or shoulder cape (Brown 86).
Fig. 14 - Ludger Tom Ring the Younger (German, 1522-1584). Mette of Münchhausen, ca. 1570. Oil on pearwood; 58.1 x 38.8 cm. Hamburg Kunsthalle, 344. Gift of Consul Eduard F. Weber 1912. Source: Wikipedia
Fashion Icon: Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain
Fig. 1 - Bartolomé González after Anthonis Mor (Spanish, 1564-1627). Queen Anna of Austria, ca. 1616 (based on portrait of 1570). Oil on canvas; 108.5 x 87 cm. Madrid: Museo el Prado, P001141. Source: Prado
Anna of Austria (1549-1580) was the eldest daughter of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, and Maria of Spain. Anna was born in Spain, but raised in Vienna from age 4. She became Queen of Spain in 1570 at the age of 20 when she married King Philip II.
Antonis Mor is thought to have painted Anna as she traveled to Spain to be married. In the portrait (Fig. 1) she wears a white outer robe with gold embroidery, worn open to reveal a diagonally striped doublet-like bodice with a very high collar topped by a small, figure-8 ruff. Her arms are only half covered by the outer robe's sleeves, which stop at the elbow and then hang freely behind her forearm. Her robe sleeves are attached with large reddish pink ribbons with golden points.
Another portrait by Mor (Fig. 2) shows her in an almost identical pose, complete with one hand gloved in black clutching a white handkerchief, except the color palette here is completely different as she wears a deep black outer robe and a canary yellow doublet-bodice. Her arms are free of the outer robe's sleeves entirely, which hang loosely behind her. She wears a masculine-style black feathered bonnet encrusted with jewels.
Philip II was her maternal uncle and she had previously been engaged to his son, Don Carlos, but upon Don Carlos' untimely death plans changed. She was Philip II's fourth wife. Their marriage was reputed to be a happy one, with Anna described as "vivid and cheerful" (Wikipedia).
Alonso Sánchez Coello's ca. 1571 portrait of Anna as Queen (Fig. 3) shows her in a more stiffly formal look, with her outer robe buttoned all the way up to her now larger, lace-edged ruff. The white robe is covered in gold embroidery and the surface is slashed all over. As in the first portrait, her arms are inserted only half through her robe sleeves, with the empty sleeves hanging behind.
Fig. 2 - Anthonis Mor van Dashorst (Netherlandish, 1516-1575). Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain, 1570. Oil on canvas; 161 x 110 cm. Vienna: Kunsthistorisches Museum, 3053. Source: KHM
Fig. 3 - Alonso Sánchez Coello (Spanish, 1531-1588). Anna of Austria, Queen Consort of Spain, ca. 1571. Oil on canvas; 125.7 x 101.5 cm (49.4 x 39.9 in). Madrid: Museo Lázaro Galdiano, 8030. Source: Wikipedia
Fig. 4 - Alonso Sánchez Coello (Spanish, 1531-1588). Anna of Austria, 1571. Oil on canvas; 176 x 98 cm (69.3 x 38.6 in). Vienna: Kunsthistorisches Museum, GG 1733. Source: KHM
Another Coello portrait (Fig. 4) features yet another hanging sleeve style, which became fashionable:
"In the 1570s Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain, wore an elegant black saya (gown) with white accents and lavish embroidery. The gown's long, pointed sleeves and subtle fit earned Spanish tailors international repute." (Brown 94)
Her dress style is also fashion forward in its use of ribbons as Davenport explains:
"Ribbon loops (which will become extremely important in XVIIc.) have come into use on the jeweled puntas which catch her skirt and great sleeves." (466)
Anna and Philip had five children together, the youngest and only surviving son (of four) would go onto to rule Spain as Philip III. A Coello painting of 1579 (Fig. 5) shows Anna banqueting with Philip and other family and courtiers. It offers a rare rear view of dress in this period. Anna would die the next year at age 30 only eight months after the birth of her only daughter.
Fig. 5 - Alonso Sánchez Coello (Spanish, 1531-1588). King Philip II of Spain banqueting with his family and courtiers, 1579. Oil on canvas; 110 x 202 cm (43.3 x 79.5 in). Warsaw: National Museum, M.Ob.295 (73635). Source: Wikipedia
The prominence of the peascod belly was one of the defining features of 1570s menwear. As Ashelford explains in Dress in the Age of Elizabeth I,
"a peascod, was created by stiffening the front of the doublet with pasteboard or busks and heavy padding at the point of the waist. The padding was called bombast, and could be made from horsehair, flocks, rags, cotton, flax, rags [sic] and even bran." (47)
The distinctive peascod shape is visible in Frans Pourbus's portrait of George, 5th Lord Seton and his Family (Fig. 1). Queen Elizabeth's favorite, Robert Dudley sports an even more fashionable version in a ca. 1575 portrait (Fig. 2). As Hill points out, the belly's protrusion was very localized:
"In the 1570s, the tailored protuberance reached such distended proportions that the garment came to be known as the peascod-belly or 'goose-belly' doublet. Yet the bulge was confined solely to the front of the garment. The fashion was still very much for a trim, youthful waistline despite the rotund frontal projection." (356)
This is evident in the portrait of Dudley and also in that of Sir Philip Sidney (Fig. 3). Both men's doublets are covered all over with slashing and the peplum/skirt of the doublet is now only a mere border, as was typical by 1575 (Cunningtons 91).
Fig. 1 - Frans Pourbus (Netherlandish, 1545-1581). George, 5th Lord Seton (about 1531-1585) and his Family, 1572. Oil on panel; 109 x 79 cm. Edinburgh: National Galleries of Scotland, NG 2275. Bequest of Sir Theophilus Biddulph 1948; received 1965. Source: National Galleries of Scotland
Fig. 2 - Artist unknown (Anglo-Netherlandish). Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, ca. 1575. Oil on panel; 108 x 82.6 cm (42 1/2 x 32 1/2 in). London: National Portrait Gallery, NPG 447. Purchased, 1877. Source: NPG
Fig. 3 - Artist unknown. Sir Philip Sidney, 18th century or after, based on work of ca. 1575. Oil on canvas; 115.2 x 82.3 cm (45 3/8 x 32 3/8 in). London: National Portrait Gallery, NPG 2096. Given by Harold Lee-Dillon, 17th Viscount Dillon, 1925. Source: NPG
Fig. 4 - Artist unknown. Sir Thomas Coningsby, 1572. Oil on panel; 94 x 69.9 cm (37 x 27 1/2 in). London: National Portrait Gallery, NPG 4348. Purchased, 1964. Source: NPG
Fig. 5 - Cornelis Ketel (Netherlandish, 1548-1616). Sir Martin Frobisher, 1577. Oil on canvas; 211 x 98 cm (83 x 38.5 in). University of Oxford. Source: Wikipedia
Fig. 6 - Maker unknown. Jerkin, 1571-1590. Leather, linen; l 67 cm (centre front); c 118 cm (chest); w 46 cm (shoulder); w 4 cm (shoulder tabs); l 59 cm (centre back). Museum of London, 57.127/1. Source: Museum of London
The Cunningtons describe a change in doublet/jerkin collars to accommodate the larger ruffs being worn:
"After 1570 the collar subsided slightly or remained high behind, curving away in front to make room for the large ruffs of the 1570s, which were worn with a forward tilt, up behind and down in front." (90)
Ruffs are medium-sized, often arranged in a figure-8 pattern and worn closed, with the band strings tied and concealed (Cunningtons 112). There were exceptions, as in Dudley's portrait his ruff seems to part to allow his beard to descend and Sir Thomas Coningsby's ruff seems to be embracing a slightly anarchic spirit in its folds (Fig. 4). Sidney's ruff (Fig. 3) is worn atop a metal gorget, which "could only be worn with civilian dress if the wearer had been on military service," as Ashelford explains in A Visual History of Costume (93). These ruffs were now frequently separate from the shirt and tied on, rather than merely being an elaboration of the existing shirt collar. The shirt remained the foundational garment for menswear in this period.
While Dudley and Sidney's doubets feature actual slashing and pinking (regular small slits or shapes cut into the fabric's surface), Coningsby's doublet illustrates that embroidery to look like slashing and pinking was also popular. Indeed, as Ashelford remarks: "Experimentation with surface decoration in male and female dress in the 1570s took on an almost trompe l'oeil form" (81). Of course, some doublets and jerkins were quite plain; for example, the leather jerkin seen in the portrait of Sir Martin Frobisher (Fig. 5) and in a similar surviving example in the Museum of London (Fig. 6). Ashelford explains the leather jerkin's origins and fashionability in Dress in the Age of Elizabeth I:
"The leather jerkin, a military garment adapted for civilian use, was also known as the buff jerkin, as it was made of buff, an ox-hide dressed with oil. This type of jerkin, a relatively inexpensive garment went out of fashion in the mid 1570s, but remained in general use during the seventeenth century." (47)
While Dudley and Sidney wear very full paned melon hose, with a slight codpiece visible, Frobisher wears much looser trunk hose as Davenport explains: "Full, loose, breeches (venetians) never have codpieces and usually fasten below the knee, and are finished here by picadill slashing" (441).
Frobisher's portrait reveals another practical trend that is less frequently seen in painting of this period, namely the unbuttoning of the jerkin. While this sort of casual informality will be a hallmark of 17th-century portraiture, it is less frequently seen in the 16th century. It wasn't merely a style choice as:
"These superimposed padded garments were terribly hot, and both men and women got relief by wearing them open to the waist. In the presence of the French ambassador, De Maisse, Elizabeth opened her gown to the navel." (Davenport 441)
Fig. 7 - Jean de Court (French, 1530-1584). Henry III before his ascent, 1573-1574. Oil on panel; 35 × 25 cm (13.8 × 9.8 in). Chantilly: Musée Condé, PE 256. Source: Wikipedia
Fig. 8 - Monogrammist LAM (French). Portrait of a Man in White, 1574. Oil on wood; 41 x 24.1 cm (16 1/8 x 9 1/2 in). New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 32.100.119. The Friedsam Collection, Bequest of Michael Friedsam, 1931. Source: The Met
Fig. 9 - Artist unknown. Miniature of Henri III, ca. 1578. Florence: Pitti Palace. Source: Les Derniers Valois
In France, Henri III (Fig. 7) embraced a particularly extravagant look and a much more buttoned up one than worn at the English court. His doublet and cloak are covered in gold embroidery or braid and his jewel-studded necklace is made of strands of pearls. Contemporary visitors to the French court attest to its status-dressing:
"The size of a courtier's wardrobe in Paris was described by ambassador Lippomano in 1577, who said a wardrobe of 25 to 30 costumes was necessary to be esteemed rich, and a different outfit had to be worn every day." (De Marly 33)
A small, full-length portrait of a man in white (Fig. 8) shows an elegant ensemble, with a "doublet with the sloping shoulder seen in France" (Davenport 481). Henri III is credited with pushing the ruff to new widths, as Boucher recounts:
"Possibly Henri III, always on the look-out for new fashions, was attracted by the sheer extravagance of this accessory [the ruff]. In any case, in 1578 he appeared in a starched ruff made of fifteen ells of muslin half a foot wide; this provoke the comments of the Parisians, who compared it with the platter bearing the head of John the Baptist and shouted, 'You can tell the calf's head by the ruff' at courtiers who ventured out thus adorned." (240)
A portrait miniature from ca. 1578 (Fig. 9) shows Henri III in just such a platter-sized ruff, which will become the fashionable norm in the 1580s.
Fig. 10 - Maker unknown. Doublet, 1570s. Breeches a la sevilla, stocking and cassock made of tabby silk. Private Collection. Source: Pinterest
Fig. 11 - Paolo Veronese (Paolo Caliari) (Italian, 1528-1588). Boy with a Greyhound, 1570s. Oil on canvas; 173.7 x 101.9 cm (68 3/8 x 40 1/8 in). New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 29.100.105. H. O. Havemeyer Collection, Bequest of Mrs. H. O. Havemeyer, 1929. Source: The Met
Fig. 12 - Giovanni Battista Moroni (Italian, 1520-1578). Bernardo Spini, ca. 1570. Oil on canvas; 98.5 x 197.6 cm. Bergamo: Pinacoteca dell'Accademia Carrara. Source: LombardiaBeniCulturali
A crimson doublet, breeches and stockings ensemble (Fig. 10) from this period survives, providing further evidence of the shift in silhouette—namely, the doublet having narrow sleeves and only a narrow border at the waist rather than the fuller skirt seen earlier in the century. The breeches or melon hose are bulbous as one would expect and the whole look monochromatic like that seen in the portrait by LAM (Fig. 8). A similar style of dress is seen in the unnamed Boy with a Greyhound (Fig. 11) at the Met, which also features a prominent peascod belly.
Giovanni Battista Moroni's portrait of Bernardo Spini (Fig. 12) shows another monochromatic ensemble, though here the black of doublet, hose, and stockings is enlivened by the bright pops of white of his ruff and cuffs. The surface of his doublet is elaborately pinked. Beneath his full melon hose, he wears (rather difficult to distinguish) canions, "tight fitting extensions from the trunk hose to the knee or just below" (Cunningtons 116).
Gloves were often worn or carried; swords were a must-have accessory even for civilian dress. Shoes tended to follow the natural form of the foot and were still often decorated with slashing.
As in the rest of the century, in the 1570s children were dressed as miniature adults as soon as it was possible as a portrait of three unknown children demonstrates (Fig. 1). The boys' doublets are covered in slashing and pinking, with their pendant necklaces even tucked through a pair of the slashes. The girl at center wears a particularly elaborate, lace-edged ruff and her gown and sleeves are also extensively slashed and pinked. Notably she holds a guinea pig, a New World animal, making this one of the earliest European depictions of a guinea pig.
Siblings were often dressed in quite similar fashions as that portrait and another of a man his two children (Fig. 2) by Moroni attests. While the National Gallery says the painting features his two daughters, it is also possible the younger child is a boy as boys were dressed in skirts until often the age of 4 or 5. Lady Arabella Stuart (Fig. 3) at 23 months wears a dress with shoulder wings cut into pickadils and elaborate floral embroidery on the bodice and sleeves as was popular in womenswear of the day, but is not yet wearing a ruff, like that seen on the doll she holds. The doll "may have been made to convey fashion news and then handed down as a toy" as Arnold notes in Patterns of Fashion 4 (158).
A portrait of a little girl with a basket of cherries (Fig. 4) also shows her in a simpler lace collar and wearing a coral necklace—both likely concessions to her age. Coral necklaces were popular gifts for children and were thought to confer protection onto them.
Fig. 1 - Artist unknown. Three Children, 1575-80. Oil on panel; 73 x 57 cm. Private Collection. Source: Guinea pigs in art
Fig. 2 - Giovanni Battista Moroni (Italian, 1521-1579). Portrait of a Gentleman and His Two Children, ca. 1572-75. Oil on canvas; 125.3 x 98 cm. Dublin: National Gallery of Ireland, NGI.105. Purchased, 1866. Source: National Gallery
Fig. 3 - British School. Lady Arabella Stuart, later Duchess of Somerset (1575-1615), aged 23 months, 1577. Oil on panel; 75.1 x 61.5 cm. Derbyshire: Hardwick Hall, NT 1129175. Source: National Trust
Fig. 4 - Follower of Marten de Vos (Netherlandish). A Little Girl with a Basket of Cherries, ca. 1575-80. Oil on canvas; 80.4 x 52.9 cm. London: The National Gallery, NG6161. Bequeathed by Mrs Elizabeth Carstairs, 1952. Source: National Gallery
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England: Queen Elizabeth I (1558 – 1603)
Charles IX (1560 – 1574)
Henry III (1574-1589)
Spain: Phillip II (1556-1598)
1570 Map of Europe. Source: Fine Art America
1572 – Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre: The marriage of Margaret Valois to the Protestant Henry of Navarre leads to an attack by the Catholics upon the Protestants across France, killing thousands of Huguenots.
1574-89 – Reign of Henry III marked by religious civil war
1577 – The first clock with a minute hand appears, developed by Jost Burgi, a Swiss clockmaker.
1579 – The population of China reaches 60 million.
1570s – Introduction of the French, or "wheel," farthingale, with a stuffed roll around the hips and a hoop with horizontal stiffeners tied around the waist that makes the skirt stick out from the body.
1572 – Lucas de Heere, The Family of Henry VIII: An Allegory of the Tudor Succession
1572 – Unknown British Painter, Portrait of Walter Devereux (1539–1576), First Earl of Essex
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Alcega, Juan de. "Libro de Geometria, Practica y Traça / Tailor's Pattern Book." Biblioteca Digital Hispánica, 1580. http://bdh-rd.bne.es/viewer.vm?id=0000022768&page=1.
Bruyn, Abraham de. "Omnium Pene Europae, Asiae, Aphricae, Atque Americae Gentium Habitus." Biblioteca Digital Hispánica, 1581. http://bdh-rd.bne.es/viewer.vm?id=0000099918&page=1.
Bertelli, Pietro. "Diuersarū Nationum Habitus Centum, et Quattuor Iconibus in Aere Incisis Diligenter Expressi Item Ordines Duo Processionum Vnus Summi Pontificis Alter Sereniss. Principis Venetiarum." Biblioteca Digital Hispánica, 1594. http://bdh-rd.bne.es/viewer.vm?id=0000016695&page=1.
LACMA Collections. "Album Amicorum of a German Soldier," 1595. https://collections.lacma.org/node/172051.
Della Casa, Giovanni, and Nicholas Fitzherbert. Trattato ... cognominato Galateo, ovvero de' costumi. Colla traduzione latina a fronte de Niccolò Fierberto Inglese, già pubblicata in Roma l'anno 1595 ... Padova: Presso G. Comino, 1728. https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008965469.
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"1500–1550 in Western European Fashion." In Wikipedia, n.d. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1500%E2%80%931550_in_Western_European_fashion&oldid=818779252.
"Elizabethan Costuming Page," n.d. http://www.elizabethancostume.net/index.html.
Watt, Melinda. "English Embroidery of the Late Tudor and Stuart Eras." The Met's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, n.d. https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/broi/hd_broi.htm.
Breiding, Dirk H. "Fashion in European Armor." The Met's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, n.d. https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/afas/hd_afas.htm.
Breiding, Dirk H. "Fashion in European Armor, 1500–1600." The Met's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, n.d. https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/afas16/hd_afas16.htm.
Victoria and Albert Museum. "Fashion up to the 17th Century Reading List," January 13, 2011. http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/f/reading-list-fashion-up-to-the-17th-century/.
"Recreating 16th and 17th Century Clothing: The Renaissance Tailor," n.d. http://www.renaissancetailor.com/research_vocabulary.htm.
Watt, Melinda. "Renaissance Velvet Textiles." The Met's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, n.d. https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/velv/hd_velv.htm.
Breiding, Dirk H. "The Decoration of European Armor." The Met's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, n.d. https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/deca/hd_deca.htm.
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Ashelford, Jane. Dress in the Age of Elizabeth I. London: Batsford, 1988. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/17981612.
Boucher, François, Yvonne Deslandres, and John Ross. A History of Costume in the West. London: Thames and Hudson, 1997. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/443676264.
Huggett, Jane, Ninya Mikhaila, Jane Malcolm-Davies, and Michael Perry. The Tudor Child: Clothing and Culture 1485 to 1625. Hollywood: Quite Specific Media, 2013. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/925431430.
Mikhaila, Ninya, and Jane Malcolm-Davies. The Tudor Tailor: Reconstructing 16th-Century Dress. Hollywood: Costume and Fashion Press, 2006. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/937528534.
Monnas, Lisa. Merchants, Princes and Painters: Silk Fabrics in Italian and Northern Paintings, 1300-1550. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/644408684.
Rangström, Lena. Modelejon: Manligt Mode 1500-Tal, 1600-Tal, 1700-Tal. Stockholm: Livrustkammaren : Bokförlaget Atlantis, 2002. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/464542633.
Reynolds, Graham. Costume of the Western World: Elizabethan and Jacobean, 1558-1625. Harrap, 1951. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/30198326.
Reynolds, Anna. In Fine Style: The Art of Tudor and Stuart Fashion. London: Royal Collection Trust, 2013. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/824726826.
Richardson, Catherine. Clothing Culture, 1350-1650. New York: Routledge, 2017. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/976442537.
Vincent, Susan J., and Elizabeth Currie, eds. A Cultural History of Dress and Fashion: The Renaissance (1450-1650). London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2017. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/967107605.
Welch, Evelyn S., ed. Fashioning the Early Modern: Dress, Textiles, and Innovation in Europe, 1500-1800. Pasold Studies in Textile History 18. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1004187054.
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"1500-1599 Extant Clothing," 1500s. https://www.pinterest.com/pocketmuseum/1500-1599-extant-clothing/.
"1500-1599 Fabrics & Textiles," 1500s. https://www.pinterest.com/pocketmuseum/1500-1599-fabrics-textiles/.
"1500-1599 Jewelry," 1500s. https://www.pinterest.com/pocketmuseum/1500-1599-jewelry/.
"1500-1599 Men in Art," 1500s. https://www.pinterest.com/pocketmuseum/1500-1599-men-in-art/1510s/.
"1500-1599 Women in Art," 1500s. https://www.pinterest.com/pocketmuseum/1500-1599-undated-portraits-of-women/.
Pinterest. "1570-1579 Portraits of Men," 1570s. https://www.pinterest.com/pocketmuseum/1570-1579-portraits-of-men/.
"Artefacts: Armor & Shields," 1500s. https://www.pinterest.com/pocketmuseum/1500-1599-armour/.
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Justine De Young
A member of FIT's History of Art department since 2015, Dr. De Young specializes in the intersection of art and fashion. Her research and writing interests include nineteenth- and twentieth-century art and literature, visual and material culture, modernism and fashion. She is the editor of Fashion in European Art: Dress and Identity, Politics and the Body, 1775-1925 (I.B. Tauris 2017/Bloomsbury 2019). Her work has been generously supported by grants and fellowships from the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Getty, Kress and Mellon Foundations. Before coming to FIT, Dr. De Young previously taught art and fashion history at Harvard, Wellesley, Lesley and Northwestern University. She has a strong interest in curatorial work and contributed to the "Impressionism, Fashion & Modernity" exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Musée d'Orsay, and Art Institute of Chicago. She has held fellowships at the Met's Costume Institute, the Museum of Fine Arts Boston, and Northwestern's Mary & Leigh Block Museum of Art. She is currently completing a book on discourses surrounding fashion and feminine types in works exhibited at the Paris Salon (1864-1884).
1568 – Bernardino Campi, Portrait of a Woman
Last updated Oct 10, 2019 | Published on Mar 24, 2017
Medici collar
needle lace
Last updated May 15, 2019 | Published on Mar 24, 2017


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Absurdly Early Bracketology, Part I: The East Region
By ChrisDobbertean@ChrisDobbertean Updated Nov 2, 2010, 11:00am EDT
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Even though it's an exercise in futility (as I illustrated in Monday's post), I've decided to post a preseason bracket for the second season in a row, split into a series of four posts, one for each region.
Personally, this exercise served two purposes. Firstly, it gave me the chance to work with the new 68-team bracket. Secondly, it serves as an abbreviated season preview, since I wasn't able to do a post for each conference this season, like I did in 2009-10. Unfortunately, as I've been battling the office bug du jour over the past few days, the team capsules will be shorter than originally anticipated.
This series of posts will serve as a preview for SB Nation Bracketology's new format, though I probably won't use team logos on a weekly basis, and I'll also have the weekly bracket in one post instead of four. Basically, my goal is to provide a quick capsule of what a team did in the past week, what's coming up in the next week, and in the case of the likely one-bid leagues, provide a quick status of the league races, as they develop.
Teams are presented in their individual pods, much like following an actual bracket. That means the top seed's pod will come first, followed by No. 4's, then third seed's, with the seed No, 2's group at the bottom of the entry.
When I present my first bracket of the actual season, after the Thanksgiving weekend tournaments and ACC/Big Ten Challenge--likely on Friday. December 3--I'll recap my rules for determining auto bids during the various stages of the season. Right now, they're just guesses.
Before I get into the teams, a couple of general trends I noticed.
Thanks to both Western sites, Denver and Tucson, being Thursday/Saturday ones, the NCAA's goal to have each "First Four" doubleheader feature both an at-large and auto bid matchup is going to be difficult to meet, if they intend on keeping the integrity of the bracket intact. With three of the four top seeds in this projection playing on Friday, it's easy to send the auto bid teams somewhere. However, I have the Last Four In playing for spots on the 12 and 13 lines. Since the 4 seeds all play on Thursday/Saturday out West, logistical issues are possible.
There is a First (Opening) Round game in each region. I did not assign days (Tuesday or Wednesday) to these, however.
Three Midwestern sites, Chicago, Cleveland, and Tulsa, and the one in the Carolinas, Charlotte, slated for Friday/Sunday games, combined with the likely strength of the ACC, Big Ten, and Big 12 means most teams on the top 3 lines are likely to be playing on these two days.
After the jump, it's time to take a look at the home of the number one overall seed, the East Region.
Reminder: The East Regional will be played in Newark on Friday, March 25 and Sunday, March 27.
Charlotte Pod (March 18 and 20)
1. Duke (ACC Champion): While the defending National Champions lost Jon Scheyer, Lance Thomas, and Brian Zoubek to graduation, the Blue Devils still have more than enough talent left over (led by the Plumlees, Kyle Singler, and Nolan Smith) and coming aboard (Liberty transfer Seth Curry, freshman PG Kyrie Irving) to repeat.
16. First Round: Quinnipiac (Northeast Champion) vs. Stony Brook (America East Champion): The Bobcats claimed a share of the NEC regular season crown last season, and missed the Tournament by this much, falling to Robert Morris by a bucket at home in the conference final. Even with a couple of key losses, look for Quinnipiac, led by NEC Player of the Year Justin Rutty, to get over the hump. Meanwhile, the Seawolves, who also claimed their conference's regular season crown, lost their conference POY, Muhammad El-Amin. However, head coach Steve Pikiell returns basically everyone else. Keep an eye on: Long Island, Mt. St. Mary's, Robert Morris for the NEC and Maine and Binghamton for the America East.
8. West Virginia (Big East at-large): The Mountaineers will have a hard time replicating their 2010 accomplishments (Big East Tournament title, Final Four berth), especially with Da'Sean Butler and Devin Ebanks gone. Expect 6-8 forward Kevin Jones to have a breakout season, and Truck Bryant, John Flowers, and Wellington Smith to up their games, which should be more than enough to keep Bob Huggins' team competitive in the Big East.
9. Arizona (Pac-10 at-large): The Wildcats should get back to the Tournament after taking a year off. Read more about Sean Miller's team in Part One of my Intriguing Bracket Teams series.
Tucson Pod (March 17 and 19)
5. Memphis (C-USA champion): Another team who is looking to get back to the Tournament after a year's break, expectations are high for the Tigers, not because of who they return (forwards Wesley Witherspoon and Angel Garcia and center Will Coleman), but who's coming aboard, a highly-touted recruiting class, featuring guards Joe Jackson, Will Barton, and Jelan Kendrick and forward Tarik Black. Plus, junior guard Charles Carmouche joins the team after transferring from New Orleans, who's dropping down to Division III.
12. Texas A&M (Big 12 at-large): The Aggies lost much of their firepower from last season, and suffered a more significant and painful loss when power forward Tobi Oyedeji, one of the program's most heralded recruits ever, died tragically in an automobile accident. Point guard Dash Harris is one the leading returnee, and he'll try to get the ball to fellow guard B.J. Holmes and forward David Loubeau, who will each need to improve their consistency to get A&M back in the Tournament for the sixth straight season.
4. Temple (A-10 champion): While Ryan Brooks graduated, all of the other key players are back from last season's A-10 regular season co-champion/tournament champion squad. Juan Fernandez and Lavoy Allen lead a group of players who should give Fran Dunphy a great chance at picking up his first Tournament win since 1994.
13. Old Dominion (CAA champion): While it's true Gerald Lee's graduation means a big hole in the middle for the Monarchs, Blaine Taylor has everyone else back from last season's team that grabbed a First Round win over Notre Dame. That group includes a whole bunch of players who can score--Kent Bazemore, Keyon Carter, Ben Finney, Frank Hassell, and Darius James. Keep an eye on: George Mason, VCU, William & Mary
Cleveland Pod (March 18 and 20)
6. Baylor (Big 12 at-large): The Bears' prospects for this season will rely on how two questions are answered. 1) Is LaceDarius Dunn going to be allowed back on the team after his arrest on domestic violence charges? and 2) Can 6-11 McDonald's All-American Perry Jones adequately replace Ekpe Udoh? If the answers to both questions is yes, Baylor could get back to the Elite Eight, and maybe further.
11. Xavier (A-10 at-large): Last week, the Musketeers lost Brad Redford, their best 3-point shooter (by percentage) from last season, to a torn ACL. This follows an offseason where Jordan Crawford left for the NBA and Jason Love graduated. Still, expect to see Chris Mack's team in the field on Selection Sunday, especially as senior Terrell Holloway improves at the point and Jamel McLean and Kenny Frease take over inside.
3. Kentucky (SEC at-large): While it's not likely that John Calipari's 2010 recruiting class, led by point guard Brandon Knight, will be as wildly successful as John Wall and company (especially if Enes Kanter is declared ineligible), the Wildcats have more than enough talent to contend in the SEC and make a deep tournament run. Outside of the youngsters, keep an eye on Florida transfer Eloy Vargas and one of last season's reserves, Darius Miller, to make an impact.
14. UC Santa Barbara (Big West champion): The Gauchos return just about everyone from last season's squad, which tied for the regular season crown and claimed the conference's auto bid with a win over preseason favorite Long Beach State. A quartet of juniors--Will Brew, Orlando Johnson, James Nunnally, and Jaime Serna--have the opportunity to build a mini-dynasty in the Big West, but it won't be easy. Keep an eye on: Long Beach State, Pacific
Washington Pod (March 17 and 19)
7. Wisconsin (Big Ten at-large): Last season was a lesson for many of us in the preseason prognostication business: don't bet against a Bo Ryan-coached Badger team. With the graduation of Trevon Hughes and Jason Bohannon, expect this year's Wisconsin team to be a bit more interior-oriented, especially with Jon Leuer completely healthy and Keaton Nankivil ready to take on an even bigger role.
10. Murray State (Ohio Valley champion): Read more about the Racers in Part One of my Intriguing Bracket Teams to Watch series. This is a bit optimistic for Murray State's seed, but with a good run through both the non-conference slate and the OVC season, a shocking seed number is possible. Keep an eye on: Austin Peay, Eastern Kentucky, Morehead State
2. Villanova (Big East at-large): With Scottie Reynolds' graduation, this is now Corey Fisher's team. It doesn't hurt that there's a lot of talent remaining, featuring Dominic Cheek, Antonio Pena, Corey Stokes, Maalik Wayns, and Mouphtaou Yarou, who missed a good chunk of last season with a case of hepatitis B. The big question for Jay Wright's team is if they've recovered from a rough end to last season, which featured a one-and-done trip to the Big East Tournament and a near loss to Robert Morris in Round One of the NCAA, just before Nova fell to St. Mary's in Round Two.
15. Morgan State (MEAC champion): The Bears have won the MEAC regular season crown for three straight seasons--last season by five games--and two straight auto bids. Even with Reggie Holmes' graduation, expect the dominance of Todd Bozeman's club to continue, especially with Kevin Thompson and Dewayne Jackson inside. Keep an eye on: Delaware State, Norfolk State, South Carolina State
Tomorrow, it's off to the other side of the country, as I'll take a look at the first projection for the West Region.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Alison had another good day today. She had some good therapies during the day, and this evening we watched a couple episodes of Parks and Rec. And we are now officially Medicaid approved! We thought we were earlier, but now we are for sure. So the push to get Alison home is on! : ) I have to get our apartment all ready for her to come home - hopefully by the end of this month. But that's really excited and we are both looking forward to it. Thanks for your continued support.


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EnviroSystems
Finding fertile ground for growth
Case Study - EnviroSystems
For the past 23 years Preston-based EnviroSystems has expanded from a business innovating in animal nutrition to an industry leader in bedding and fertiliser concepts.
With 18 staff working across its Barton Cross Park HQ, Foggs Farm production plant and remotely, EnviroSystems is now exploring how the adoption of industrial digital technologies can help them to access that key market and reduce the environmental impact of farming emissions.
The question we asked ourselves is why can't we create a machine that mimics what the farmer would do, but also controls the dosing and services the unit if any issues emerge, be that remotely or in person.
Dr Henry Russell, Operations Manager of EnviroSystems
Video: EnviroSystems
EnviroSystems's story
The slurry manure produced by cattle is important to farmers because its nutrient content helps to fertilise soil and therefore improve crop yield.
EnviroSystems' SlurryBugs product – a micro-organism and enzyme-based inoculant – has been successful in treating small to- medium sized slurry pits, tanks or lagoons because it can be manually applied without proving too labour and time intensive.
However, this is only true up to a point, after which customers find the process too arduous and this has proved a barrier in selling the product to larger farms.
Dr Henry Russell, Operations Manager of EnviroSystems, who is a qualified biochemist and microbiologist, said this is the challenge they have taken on.
"Over the last 15 years the results we have seen are striking and we believe that SlurryBugs has huge potential," he said. "It has been shown to improve the fertilizer value of slurry, thus reducing the need for chemical fertilizers and saving farm businesses money, and consistently reducing odour on-farm.
"The average sized herd of 150 cows is manageable using our product. But some farms have 2,000 cows, these are mega farms, and for them that treatment process is too laborious.
"For the big farms it's not automated enough – and there is our opportunity."
EnviroSystems is exploring the development of an advanced automated dosing and sensing system for treatment of slurry stores.
It will harness smart technologies including sensors, big data, analytics and machine learning.
Henry explained: "The question we asked ourselves is why can't we create a machine that mimics what the farmer would do, but also controls the dosing and services the unit if any issues emerge, be that remotely or in person."
EnviroSystems has been working on the feasibility of the project through Innovate UK's Innovate2Succeed programme.
Now Made Smarter is supporting the company with technical expertise and match-funding.
EnviroSystems forecast that by going to market with its groundbreaking solution the company's revenues will grow by up to 20% per year over the next three years.
That level of growth will enable the firm to invest in more highly-skilled staff and further adopt digital technologies such as robotics to address increased productivity needs.
It is also expected to result in an increase in GVA by £785,625 over the next three years.
One of the major by-products of increased application of SlurryBugs and the Industry 4.0 dosing system is the environmental impact.
Henry explained: "Air pollution is the major environmental concern in the UK and the agriculture sector – which accounts for 88% of all ammonia emissions, through the storage and spreading of manures, slurries and from using inorganic fertilisers – plays its part.
"The Government's Clean Air strategy wants to reduce ammonia levels by 8% by 2020 and 16% by 2030 and it is working with farmers on solutions which include funding new equipment.
"We passionately believe that EnviroSystems can play a big part in reducing emissions and aligns perfectly with the Clean Air Strategy. Our products are a good thing for farmers and the environment, both in terms of reducing emissions, and improving soil quality and crop quality."
COVID-19: What you can do to maintain continuity & future-proof your manufacturing
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MLB Weekly Digest October 28th Edition: Phillies Hire Girardi as Manager
By Chris Lacey
The last week in MLB was about a pair of teams in the National League hiring new managers, and a club in the American League hires an individual for their front office.
Philadelphia Phillies Hire Joe Girardi as Manager
The Philadelphia Phillies have hired Joe Girardi to become their manager.
Girardi is the 55th manager in franchise history, and he'll receive a three-year contract with a club option for 2023, per a team announcement.
#Phillies have hired Joe Girardi as the 55th manager in franchise history. Girardi received a three-year contract with a club option for 2023.
Welcome to Philadelphia, Joe! pic.twitter.com/dLgfVWeu4b
— Philadelphia Phillies (@Phillies) October 24, 2019
Girardi meshed with Phillies owner John Middleton, general manager Matt Klentak, and other people while interviewing for the Phillies vacant manager position.
He'll also have the freedom to make his own lineup card and other moves, which is rare for managers, per Jon Heyman of MLB Network.
Girardi was said to have really hit it off w/Phillies owner John Middleton, GM Matt Klentak and others in interviews there. Word is he also liked freedom he'll have in making out lineup cards and other moves, which isn't the case everywhere #PhiladelphiaFreedom @ToddZolecki 1st
— Jon Heyman (@JonHeyman) October 24, 2019
Girardi previously managed the Miami Marlins in 2006 and won the National League Manager of the Year Award during that campaign.
He was the Yankees' manager from 2008-17 and helped guide them to a World Series title in 2009.
In his managerial career, he has a record of 988-794.
The team does need to address some areas in the offseason, such as improving their starting rotation and bullpen.
The hiring of Girardi will be good for the franchise as he's someone who works well with veteran players, and the Phillies have several veteran players on their roster.
Chicago Cubs Name David Ross as Manager
The Chicago Cubs have selected David Ross to be their manager, per a team announcement.
The #Cubs today named David Ross the 55th manager in franchise history, agreeing to terms on a three-year contract through the 2022 season with a club option for 2023. pic.twitter.com/gbIrUm5m2C
— Chicago Cubs (@Cubs) October 24, 2019
Ross becomes the 55th manager in their franchise, agreeing to terms on a three-year contract through the 2022 season with a club option for 2023.
Ross is a former catcher, who played 15 seasons in MLB.
He's a two-time World Series champion, winning the title in 2013 with the Boston Red Son and again with the Chicago Cubs in 2016.
Ross is known for being a strong communicator, and it's a characteristic that a manager needs to have when dealing with a clubhouse.
Ross has no experience being a manager, but playing the catcher position and being part of teams that had success in the regular season and postseason will be a tremendous asset for him.
One of the biggest challenges Ross faces is separating the friendships he has with some of the players on the Cubs' roster.
Boston Red Sox Hire Chaim Bloom as Chief Baseball Officer
The Boston Red Sox have reportedly hired Chaim Bloom to run their baseball operations, per Joel Sherman of the New York Post.
Chaim Bloom to #RedSox as GM is finalized.
— Joel Sherman (@Joelsherman1) October 25, 2019
The title for Bloom will be the team's chief baseball officer, per Mark Feinsand of MLB.com.
Chaim Bloom's title with the Red Sox will be Chief Baseball Officer, per source.
— Mark Feinsand (@Feinsand) October 25, 2019
Brian O'Halloran, one of the three assistant general managers in Boston, will be named the general manager of the club.
Also, Eddie Romero and Zack Scott will keep their assistant general manager titles with the Red Sox, per Feinsand.
Brian O'Halloran, one of the three Assistant GMs in Boston, will be named General Manager of the club under new Chief Baseball Officer Chaim Bloom, according to a source.
Eddie Romero and Zack Scott will maintain their Assistant GM titles with the Red Sox, per source.
Bloom had been serving as the vice president of baseball operations for the Tampa Bay Rays since the end of the 2014 season when Andrew Friedman left to take a job with the Los Angeles Dodgers as their president of baseball operations.
Bloom is known for being a smart front-office executive as he graduated from Yale.
He was the only external candidate the Red Sox chose to interview, per Feinsand.
Interesting nugget: Chaim Bloom was the lone external candidate interviewed by the Red Sox during their search, according to a source.
Bloom will be expected to trim the payroll for the Red Sox and build up their farm system.
These are two areas he excelled at with the Rays.
The Rays typically have one of the lowest payrolls in MLB and have a robust farm system.
The hiring of Bloom was a smart move by the Red Sox as they have a young, creative mind running their baseball operations.
Chris is a 25-year old New Jersey native whose favorite sports team is the Arizona Diamondbacks. He previously attended Western New England College to study Sports Management. Chris has been following the Diamondbacks since he was 12. You can find him on Twitter [email protected]
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Every month, Schwartz Insurance Group selects a peer-nominated associate to receive a Core Value Award. The winner is chosen because they "lived" one of our agency's core values - typically an event or accomplishment above and beyond the call of duty in serving our customers. This month, Mike Morgan has "lived" our core value of "Consider it Done."
If you're the owner of a small business, have you thought about your insurance options? Have you spoken with your agent and asked for quotes for different coverage plans? If not, take a quick look at the following types of policies recommended for many small business owners.
Crisis Communication: Does Your Business Have a Plan?
What would happen if your business suffered a fire or flood, or if a defective product produced by your company generated bad publicity? If you haven't already, right now is definitely the time for your organization to create a crisis communication plan. You need to have a program in place to address the concerns of your employees, customers, your community and the media.
No employer wants to believe that they've hired workers who are dishonest. But oftentimes employees will take advantage of that trust and betray the company that employed them by stealing funds, merchandise, securities, etc.
You've seen them many times before – email messages that look exactly like they came from a colleague or someone you trust. Sometimes they may include a link that asks you to log in with a company name and password. These emails may appear harmless, but they can lead to cyber-security breaches.
Cyber Liability: Is Your Business at Risk?
No one can deny the power and influence that the Internet can have on a business, whether it exists physically or virtually. However, companies that are as much online (data and email) as offline (papers and files) face a higher risk when it comes to the dangers involving unregulated Internet real estate.
"Danger, Will Robinson!" Is Your Company Protected From Hackers?
As stated in an Employee Benefit News article ("10 Tips to Avoid Cyber Attacks"), industry research by Lawley shows that the vast majority of small businesses in the U.S. lack a formal Internet security policy for employees, and only about half of them have basic cyber security measures in place.
Don't Let Your Holiday Office Party Get Out of Control!
No one wants to be thought of as a "Scrooge," so even if you, as an employer, have had a bad experience in the past, it is doubtful you would ever decide to ban the holiday office party. However, that doesn't mean you can't be prepared this time to deal with an out of control employee.
Social Security numbers (or SSNs) used to be tied just to your Social Security benefits. Now, that number is tied to just about everything used to identify you. In this age of identity theft, your Social Security number is one of the most valuable – if not the most valuable – identifiers you have.


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Guinness World Records notes Orton's and Natalya's recent WWE records
Nov 30, 2021 - by Colin Vassallo
The Guinness World Records website and social media acknowledged the records recently broken by WWE Superstars Randy Orton and Natalya at the Survivor Series.
Orton broke the record for the most WWE pay-per-view appearances by a male Superstar, beating Kane. His record now stands at a whopping 177 pay-per-views spanning over 21 years. Orton's record-breaking match came teaming up with Riddle to take on The Usos in a non-title match. The Viper has another record which is the most matches on Monday Night Raw.
Natalya also broke the record for the most WWE pay-per-view appearances by a female Superstar, with a total of 68. Natalya has been with WWE since 2007, so that makes it 14 years for her so far. Natalya's record-breaking match was the five-on-five traditional Survivor Series match.
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NXT bringing back Halloween Havoc again this year


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BP To Pay $18.7bn To Settle Gulf Spill Cases
3 July 2015, 1:50 am
The US government and five states have reached a $18.7bn (£12bn) settlement with BP over the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil disaster.
BP Exploration and Production has been granted up to 18 years to pay the money.
The states involved in Thursday's settlement were Texas, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana.
The deal includes $8.1bn in payments to state and local governments, plus $5.5bn in Clean Water Act fines.
US Attorney General Loretta Lynch said the settlement "would bring lasting benefits to the Gulf region for generations to come".
BP said the agreement would bring its full obligations over the spillage to about $53.8bn.
The explosion and fire left 11 workers dead and an estimated 473 million litres of oil in the Gulf of Mexico.
The disaster struck on 20 April, 2010, when a deep sea well suffered a blowout that resulted in flames engulfing the Deepwater Horizon platform.
Investigations later identified poor safety procedures.
The accident also destroyed the market value of BP - ground it is yet to recover.
News of the deal pushed BP shares up 5% in late afternoon trading.
However, its market capitalisation remains £40bn short of its pre-Gulf crisis level.
That figure represents half its current value.
The fallout from the spill claimed the job of then-chief executive Tony Hayward, who contributed to the PR disaster with gaffes as the company scrambled to cap the Macondo well.
Bob Dudley, who succeeded him, said: "This is a realistic outcome which provides clarity and certainty for all parties.
"For BP, this agreement will resolve the largest liabilities remaining from the tragic accident and enable BP to focus on safely delivering the energy the world needs."
Mark Labbett storms off The Chase after losing in final chase
Scotland braces for disruption as Storm Malik weather alert upgraded to amber
THE Met Office has upgraded a weather warning from "yellow" to "amber" with gusts of up to 80mph forecast to hit Scotland.
Latest Covid-19 case rates for UK local authority areas
More than half of all areas have recorded a week-on-week rise in rates.
Burkina's new junta holds talks on eve of key summit
Burkina Faso's new ruling junta held talks with union leaders on Thursday on the eve of a regional summit that could slap sanctions on the country for the overthrow of its elected president.
TikTokers horrified by dirty inground pool decide to clean it up after years
Paris Hilton reflects on her feud with Lindsay Lohan: 'It was very immature'
Hilton said there is 'no bad blood' between them anymore
Moscow has deployed tens of thousands of troops on the border of pro-Western Ukraine, raising fears of an invasion
Best cheap TV deals in the UK for February 2022: Sets from Sony, Samsung, LG and more
Find impressive offers from the biggest brands in our guide to the top bargains on tellies
Steelmen are run ragged by impressive Cardiff at Arms Park
EBBW Vale were blown away by the pace and power of Cardiff in the Premiership on Thursday night.


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Microsoft Debuts More Low Cost Phones
January 15, 2015/Comments Off on Microsoft Debuts More Low Cost Phones
Despite Windows Phones fans clamoring for a new flagship from Microsoft, the tech giant has instead delivered two more mostly nondescript windows phone devices this week: the Lumia 532 and the Lumia 435. Neither device is really all that impressive, but they are definitely cheap–both phones ring in at under $100. Both devices run Windows 8.1 with the Lumia Denim update and core features like Microsoft Office for mobile, Skype integration, OneDrive cloud storage, HERE Maps and the sassy digital assistant Cortana. Both devices feature a four inch screen, 1 GB RAM, 8 GB of storage, 1560 mAh battery and SD card support up to 128 GB. In select markets, they will also both be available as dual-SIM, which I admit is pretty cool. The Lumia 532 is expected to retail for $90 – $100 and features a 1.2 GHz quad-core Snapdragon processor, a 5 MP front camera and a VGA selfie camera. The Lumia 435 is Microsoft's least expensive camera at around $80 and has a 1.2 GHz dual-core Snapdragon 200 processor, a 2 MP front camera and a VGA user-facing camera. The new Lumia devices are expected to be launched in Europe starting next month, but official release to the United States has not been announced. While I can certainly see the benefit in such a cheap phone, I can't help but hope that Microsoft will start listening to their fans and produce a flagship phone at their event next week. But, with the continual releases of cheaper and cheaper phones, I'm not holding my breath.]]>
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A native of the Southwood community of Lenoir County, Rev. Hank Jarman becomes the new chair of the region's long-term recovery group - Kinston Area Recovery Efforts (KARE) – effective today. He succeeds Rev. Vito Bisogno, pastor of Trinity Methodist Church, who, as chair of the Lenoir Association of Congregations, spearheaded the creation of KARE in March 2017 in the aftermath of Hurricane Matthew. Rev. Karl Grant, the pastor of Kinston's Queen Street Methodist Church, assumes the role of KARE Vice Chair as of today.
Rev. Jarman, the pastor of the Wheat Swamp Christian Church in LaGrange, NC, was a member of the leadership group which revived KARE two years ago. The original version of KARE was founded following Hurricane Floyd in 1999 but went dormant a few years later. Since the 2017 revival of KARE, Rev. Jarman has been a member of KARE's Client Selection Committee, the chief decision-making group to determine the scope and financial aspect of assistance to be made available to a survivor of a disaster such as Hurricane Florence or Hurricane Matthew. He has been the Wheat Swamp Christian Church pastor for nine years where he also teaches Sunday school, leads Bible study, sings in the choir and helps direct the church's youth ministries.
A former member of the Southwood Christian Church where he held various positions, he is currently a member of the Wheat Swamp Ruritan Club serving as vice president, a member of the Maury Kairos Prison Ministry at Maury Correctional Institute, chair of the InterChurchOutReach (ICOR) and a volunteer chaplain at UNC Lenoir Health Care.
Prior to his ministerial role, Jarman was president of his family's Jarman Tire and Automotive Corp. where he worked for 27 years. He is married to Donna Harrell Jarman and they have two children and one granddaughter. The family has lived in the Sandy Bottom community for 25 years.


A collection of the best stories from the classic run of Don Winslow of the Navy, one of the most popular comic books running during and after World War II. Edited by Craig Yoe, the selected stories are digitally remastered and contextualized with Yoe's historical research. Preceding the full, colourful tales is a detailed introduction on the creation of the adventurous Don Winslow.
A collection of the best stories from the classic run of Don Winslow of the Navy, one of the most popular comic books running during and after World War II. Edited by Craig Yoe, the selected stories are digitally remastered and contextualized with Yoe's historical research. Preceding the full, colorful tales is a detailed introduction on the creation of the adventurous Don Winslow. The character served to foster recruitment and entertain Navy personnel and the general public alike during World War II and beyond. Winslow fights the Axis and supervillains like The Snake and the attractive, but deadly, Singapore Sal.
Craig Yoe was previously the Creative Director/Vice President General Manager of Jim Henson's Muppets and a creative director for Disney and Nickelodeon. He is a multiple Eisner Award winner and winner of the Mobius, a Ghastly Normanton Award Winner, The Jerry Bails Award for Excellence in The Pursuit Of The Essence Of Comic Fandom, the Inkpot Award for Excellence in Comic Arts, and winner of a Society of Illustrators Gold Medal.


Many women unfortunately are plagued by cellulite. Cellulite is the areas of skin that appear to dimple on the hips, thighs and buttocks. Cellulite is not considered to be a serious medical condition but many women feel very self-conscious when their cellulite shows. This may cause a woman to avoid wearing a swimsuit or shorts during the summertime.
There are a variety of cellulite treatments that claim to aid a woman in ridding herself from the appearance of unwanted cellulite. A cellulite treatment is the use of massage. Massage can help cellulite to vanish because this stimulates the blood vessels and skin tissue. When cellulite occurs this is because there is a blockage in the skin tissue. By massaging the skin tissue this blockage can be removed by the improved flow of blood.
Another cellulite treatment is the use of a cellulite cream or a cellulite lotion. The downside to a cellulite treatment is that often times the treatment does not live up to it's advertised promised.
The symptoms of cellulite are skin areas that appear to be like cottage cheese or orange peel in texture. In some cases of mild cellulite the skin only appears to be pinched. In more severe cases the skin that is affected by cellulite is bumpy with different layers that appear to be valleys and peaks.
Cellulite is caused by a number of factors. Cellulite is often caused from poor blood circulation. This blood circulation can be halted due to inactivity, a poor diet or other environmental factors. Pollution has been known to cause the appearance of cellulite. Smoking can also cause cellulite to appear at a younger age. Cellulite is also considered to be a factor in an individual's genetic makeup. Several of these factors can combine and form different pouches of cellulite.
A woman usually believes that cellulite is a reflection of old age but in all actuality cellulite can appear in a young girl who is still in her teen years. This is usually due to inactivity and being overweight.
Cellulite lotions promise to reduce the signs and symptoms of cellulite. Some people have found that cellulite lotion works and others believe that this is a product that is a waste of money. If you are plagued by unsightly cellulite using a cellulite lotion is worth a try. By using a cellulite lotion in combination with a healthy diet and exercise a woman will begin to notice that her cellulite is slowly disappearing. This will cause any woman to smile.


Democrat Jane Harman says she has no regrets about her unsuccessful campaign to become California's first "digital governor."
But in 1998, the concept may have been just a bit ahead of its time.
Now, just two years later, the universe has changed. An increasing number of Democrats have joined Harman in the quest to make technology issues -- from computer literacy to privacy concerns -- an integral part of the political landscape.
"This is where the economy is," said Harman, who is challenging Republican Steve Kuykendall to regain her old 36th Congressional District seat near Torrance, a region where technology businesses have sprung up like weeds. "Congress ignores this message to its detriment. It's an opportunity message."
Harman was one of a crowd of increasingly high-profile centrist members of the New Democrat Network who descended on San Francisco this week to underscore precisely that message.
Nearly two dozen members of the NDN political action committee -- which describes itself as "a venture capital fund for the Democratic Party" -- came to hunker down inside the futuristic Sony Metreon megaplex with some of Silicon Valley's leading innovators, including Yahoo founder Jerry Yang and Netscape co-founder Marc Andreesen. The goal: to get tutored on everything from how to improve classroom computer training to tackling problems with computer privacy.
In election year 2000, "everyone will try to talk technology issues," said Harman. "The question is: is it old talk -- or digital talk, with a real understanding of the matter?"
The increasingly easy mixing of politicians and tech innovators in the Metreon's steel-and-glass landscapes underscored how dramatically Internet technology -- which has transformed the way millions of Americans live and work -- has accomplished an equally dramatic reshaping of politics.
Silicon Valley's Technology Network, a co-sponsor of the retreat, has become one of the most powerful advocacy groups in Washington -- a prodigious political donor and powerful lobbyist for issues that include research and development tax credits, H1-B visa reform, and permanent normal trade relations with Beijing, which passed the House last week.
"The Internet is probably the greatest force for the advancement of democracy that we've seen in the history of mankind," said Central Valley Rep. Cal Dooley, who chairs the "new Democrat" coalition. "Our commitment as Democrats is not to turn our backs on traditional values," said Dooley, "(but) to expand the base of the party."
Particularly in a presidential election year, that means targeting the powerful swath of "moderate middle" and independent voters with the help of an agenda that's trade- oriented and fiscally conservative, though more socially liberal on issues like education and abortion.
Dooley has found company in other Bay Area Democrats who are on the forefront of the movement: Reps. Ellen Tauscher of Walnut Creek, Anna Eshoo of Atherton and Mike Thompson of Napa.
Joe Andrew, who chairs the Democratic National Committee, said one hope is that the outlook of a breed of "New Democrats," like Harman, will help provide the critical edge in the party's attempt to take back control of the House.
"The six seats we need can be found right here in California," he said. So look for Democrats to make those contests a clear choice, he said, between "the New Economy party or the Old Economy party."
Not everyone is enthralled with the agenda.
Some consumer groups have expressed concern about technology- supported moves to give electronic signatures equal standing with written ones, and want Congress to regulate privacy on the Internet, even as the industry opposes such moves.
Eric Roman, a member of Global Exchange, an activist group particularly concerned with trade issues -- which also staged a brief protest at the NDN meeting -- said the huge political contributions from Silicon Valley have given tech leaders unfair access and undue influence with those who shape policy.
"The politicians are simply accepting the issues of Silicon Valley," he said, "and not really listening to the people who want fair trade."
But Andreesen said that both the economy and politics have been forever changed by the innovations coming out of Silicon Valley. This election year will prove exactly how much: "It's a really dramatic shift from four years ago," he said. "Both parties are competing" for support from the industry's economically conservative yet socially liberal leaders, he said. "And both have very good agendas."
Harman said it's up to Democrats to convey that the increasing technology emphasis on American lives, and politics, is a reality -- and not necessarily a scary one. "It's about voters interacting with government," she said, "and how government interacts with its citizens."


Lalu means "pierced" in Cambodian language and is the name of pillars of earth caused by thousands of years of erosion. These unusual shapes can only be seen at very few places in Thailand with Sa Kaeo being among them.
To explain this site one can say it is a miniaturized Grand Canyon and fascinatingly each pillar has a different shape and patterns through water erosion. It is a great spot for photography.
To get there one has to rent a farm truck from the locals as only these vehicles are allowed in.
While riding on this truck one is beguiled by the rural scenery of green paddy fields. After just a few minutes one catches the first glimpse of Lalu and it is really impressive.
It is great walking around taking photos and those doing so are guaranteed to get good shots to show off to their friends.
It is best to either come to Lalu in the morning or evening when the sun is gentler because this is an open ground and it would get very hot in the afternoon which would be an obstacle in exploring it.
This practically unseen tourist spot is unbelievably close to Bangkok with just a few hours' drive taking visitors to this marvel of nature.
All are recommended to come and experience this piece of the ancient world which is still with us today before it is completely eroded and blown away.
Credit: This report was written by Sanook!Travel columnist Peeranut P.
What are the world's safest airlines for 2017?


The Tarantula Store -> Just a suggestion???
· Just a suggestion???, or the post an ugly pic thread!
We all talk on this forum comment give advice etc im just wondering if you guys would maybe create like a sticky thread type thing where us members can post a photograph of ourselfs or say for instance if anyone has facebook to post their addy etc?
Im just thinking it would be nice to see who we are actually talking to ...then say for instance if we were at the BTS convention or any anywhere else we would be like ..."oh hi Phil, hi Ray " etc etc?
Ok As some of you want this type of thread I have pinned this one for you to use and abuse. So fill your boots and post up those silly photos of your ugly selfs if you feel so inclined.
ARACHNE - The journal of the DeArGe e.V.
thats one hell of a tool you got there leon!!
Preview 2010: Monster Drill vs Texas Chain Saw, Directors Cut.


Check out all of the names of the Columbia High School alumni that attended high school in Columbia that are listed above. Registering will allow you to join the directory.	If you are a former student of Columbia High in Columbia, North Carolina, register now to add your name.


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Transition Advice Fund
Home » Examples of our work » Initiatives we're working on » Transition Advice Fund
The Transition Advice Fund (TAF) aims to ensure that everyone who is eligible can secure their right to settled status—particularly those who need help to navigate the process or who risk failing to secure the status.
Please note, the Transition Advice Fund has now spent down and has no funds left available to grant.
European citizens and their families currently living in the UK will need to apply for'Settled Status' to secure their right to stay here once Britain has left the EU. The government's goal has been to create a simple and accessible online system to help people secure their status, but many will need support. If even 5% of those eligible do not apply, 175,000 people will be left without legal status.
We want to build the capacity of the voluntary sector to support people who need this sort of help, including: children and young people; carers; people with disability, long-term physical ill-health or mental health problems; people who have experienced domestic violence or trafficking; those with poor English language skills or who face digital exclusion; and people in care homes.
The TAF is in the final stages of a process of spending down. As such, we are not soliciting new applications. Grants to new organisations will only be given under exceptional circumstances, and these will be proactively pursued by the fund.
Who's involved and how it works
The TAF is a fund established by Unbound Philanthropy, the Paul Hamlyn Foundation, Barrow Cadbury Trust, Open Society Foundations and the Legal Education Foundation, who bring their combined experience of the migration and legal education space. NPC manages the TAF day-to-day, bringing expertise in strategic philanthropy and policy-engaged funding. An advisory panel involving the founder funders and other experts sets the strategy, defines our eligibility criteria, and oversees grant-making decisions.
Decisions on grants are made by a grant panel of the contributing funders on a roughly six-weekly basis. In exceptional cases—for example, for extremely urgent pieces of work, or for projects by organisations already funded by the TAF—decisions may occasionally be made by email outside of the regular grant panel cycle. NPC scrutinises proposals and conducts due diligence into all organisations funded by the TAF.
See details of our eligibility criteria and past or current grantees.
For more information, to submit a proposal, or to discuss contributing to the fund please write to taf@thinknpc.org.
What will the TAF fund?
Organisations the TAF has funded
See details of previous grants.
Insight and commentary from the Transition Advice Fund
Settled status: What level of take-up can we expect?
As the UK prepares to leave the EU 3.5m EU citizens need to register for settled status to remain in the country. This report reviews a range of similar schemes from around the world looking at the level of coverage achieved, how take-up was encouraged and any lessons we can learn.
Settled? Avoiding pitfalls and maximising potential for those seeking post-Brexit settled status
on 11 September 2018
Around 3.8m EU citizens currently live in the UK. To remain here post-Brexit, they will need to engage with the government's migrant registration scheme. This research, commissioned by the Transition Advice Fund and carried out by Revealing Reality, explores how migrants feel about the process.
Potential difficulties registering EU migrants
By Ruth Gripper
With the UK planning to leave the EU in March 2019, the Transition Advice Fund has commissioned a study of EU migrants across the UK to uncover attitudes towards Brexit and the capability of different people to navigate the application process for settled status. Project lead Ruth Gripper explains
Unsettling funding—The Transition Advice Fund
Ruth Gripper introduces a new strand to NPC's work and the new challenges of helping vulnerable EU citizens secure their settled status in the run up to Brexit.
Transition Advice Fund position paper
on 8 March 2018
Five key areas the Transition Advice Fund would like to see reflected in the Withdrawal Agreement between the UK Government and the EU.
Brexit will impact charities' missions as well as their money
By Rob Abercrombie
Despite the ferocity and divisiveness of the debates elsewhere, the charity sector has been strangely passive on the topic of Brexit, argues Rob Abercrombie. Granted, there's limited space to think about newer issues when times are already tough. But if the voluntary sector is only focused on the financial implications of Brexit, they'll miss both threats and opportunities related to their wider missions. Here he outlines three areas that need more attention.


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The Growing Importance of Natural Gas
Clean and abundant natural gas could replace oil as the fuel of the future according to industry observers. Ozge Ibrahim looks at project plans that reveal how natural gas is becoming the world's fastest-growing fuel source.
A quick turnaround in the fortunes of the global economy may be a distant dream but most analysts do expect oil and gas production to return to more healthy levels during 2010. But some say that oil production will not reach pre-recession rates, especially at some of the world's largest projects – namely Brazil, parts of Africa and Iraq. Analysts are looking more closely at natural gas, which some believe may take over as the primary energy source to ensure future world energy demand is met.
In a recent oil and gas market outlook, Ernst & Young outlined the reasons why economic recovery would be slow and fragile. While the report says the short-term fundamentals for gas remain relatively weak, the outcome of a summit like Copenhagen means environmental concerns and the push towards a low-carbon future will make natural gas increasingly attractive.
Ernst & Young LLP, Americas oil and gas sector leader Marcela Donadio said, "As Copenhagen demonstrated, environmental concerns and the focus on carbon management are clearly going to affect the future of this industry. In addition, there is still uncertainty around the future of energy policy. This has opened the door for natural gas.
"Environmental concerns and the focus on carbon management are clearly going to affect the future of the oil and gas industry."
"Recent transactions indicate that gas development is seen as a long-term hedge against prospective carbon emission regulations" he added.
Oil and gas analyst David Hart of London-based Westhouse is also keen to highlight that some of the biggest projects set to come on stream this year and beyond are natural gas projects. While large oil projects in Brazil, Iraq and parts of Africa may dominate the headlines, there has been a large push towards developing natural gas in other parts of the world. The continued importance of securing energy for the future, more importantly energy that is clean and low in carbon, drives the popularity natural gas.
"Natural gas is a big area – the Gorgon LNG project in Australia is an example. Qatar is also one to watch, a lot of natural gas will be coming online there," says Hart. While much has been written about the large Gorgon project, US and European suppliers have also been keen to take a bigger role in the push towards producing more and selling more natural gas.
Russian dominance and US growth
In Europe, Russian state gas giant Gazprom is being increasingly vocal about its aim to boost supply to the European and Asian markets. The company, which is one of the biggest players in the global gas game, announced at the start of 2010 that it expected a rise in gas demand as the economy returns to normal, "We expect an increase in demand for Russian gas and other supplies by 2012 or 2013 at the latest," Gazprom deputy chief executive Alexander Medvedev told media at an energy conference in Berlin in January.
Russia has shipped more than 5.5 million tons of liquefied natural gas (LNG) to the Asian markets since launching its first LNG plant on the Pacific island of Sakhalin almost a year ago. The company, which is also run by state giant Gazprom, said that the hundredth tanker from its LNG plant had arrived in Japan, which is where more than half of the LNG delivered by the company has gone to date.
"Most analysts expect oil and gas production to return to more healthy levels during 2010."
Another important region to focus on will be Alaska, which is, according to energy giant ExxonMobil, currently gearing up to support US and Canadian energy demand. Speaking at a keynote address in February 2010, president of ExxonMobil Production Company, Rich Kruger, said Alaska was in the enviable position of being able to meet the natural gas requirements of the US and called for the state to "step up" in preparation to do so in 2010 and beyond. One of Alaska's biggest natural gas wells is Point Thomson and the energy giant said it was hoping to develop larger resources at the project.
Much of the future global gas demand will come from the power-generation sector, reflecting the fact that cleaner-burning natural gas is becoming the fuel of choice, according to ExxonMobil.
European LNG market
Meanwhile in Europe, at the beginning of 2010 German energy giant E.On Ruhgas announced it had been locked in expensive deals for part of the contracted gas volumes it intends to take at a later date, while cheap gas is available in spot markets. Company CEO Bernhard Reutersberg said he expected cheaper spot market conditions until 2011 as the global market for LNG on tankers expands and cheap new gas exploration in the US contributes to oversupply. He said the index linking of gas prices to oil within pipeline gas contracts should continue, although more gas is around at virtual trading hubs from new market entrants.
To add to this prediction, some industry analysts believe falling investment in oilfields means non-OPEC oil output could soon fall, raising prices and potentially derailing any global economic recovery. If this were to happen, the outlook for both oil and gas will be grim as larger oil projects become less likely to come to fruition. But if ExxonMobil is correct in its prediction that demand for natural gas is expected to be 55% higher in 2030 than in 2005, natural gas will play an increasingly prominent role in meeting the ever-growing supply-and-demand quota around the world.
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The Future of Coaching: 2013 Trends in Business and Life Coaching
If you think you understand trends in business and life coaching, you're probably dead wrong.
Why? Because the future of humanity is about to change at even more breathtaking rates. That means the future of coaching is not what you think. Not even close.
How's that? We're about to reach a technological 'tipping point' across several technologies and this runaway world we live in is about get a million times faster.
You've heard of Moore's Law? It's the well-established prediction that computing power will double every 18 months, while prices plummit. In other words, exponential growth. Moore's Law has held true for decades. The current result is an iPhone processor that's more powerful than the 1970's Apollo rockets that travelled to the Moon. (which makes Apple's recent map app blunder seem especially silly)
If you were to graph exponential growth, you'd get what's known as a 'hockey stick' curve. At first you get a relatively long period of slow growth, with a slight incline, but at some point the numbers that are doubling become so huge that the curve goes virtually vertical. That's the tipping point or 'escape velocity' that we've just about reached with computing power.
Moore's Law is what futurists call a hard trend. It's a prediction that you can count on. Some futurists say that Moore's Law can be applied to other technologies as well, such as nanotech and artificial intelligence, and that when you combine these technologies, as they are doing at Singularity University, you get even more explosive growth and more escape velocity.
What does all this tech mean to coaches, other than the possibility that someday, Skype will stop bumping us off our free international video calls? Well if you consider Adizes' Change Constant (Change leads to problems, which lead to solutions, which lead to more change, etc.), our potential clients are about to have a lot more problems. They're mostly the kind of problems you want to have, as we say, but they still will feel like big problems to them. And that's when they hire coaches. But wait, before you cheer...
What kinds or problems are caused by explosive growth in the tech fields? Well first there are new jobs created, like IT professionals, website designers and virtual assistants; jobs most people couldn't conceive of 50 years ago. And then there is the elimination of jobs that are replaced by technology, like librarians, sign painters and secretaries. Painful! Except, every time technology replaces some jobs, it creates new ones, such as international tech support, robot repair, and home-based manufacturing. That's a cycle you can count on. New high-paid jobs are always on the horizon, only most people can't even conceive of them, much less get ready. That's scary.
Let's face it, our ancestors evolved back when exponential change equaled the invention of the wheel, the bow and arrow and roasted mastadon instead of raw. Those changes occured at the slow-sloping left side of the hockey stick curve and that's what your nervous system today is wired for, not change at the rate of a new job every year. Jeez.
People are going to need assistance in making constant life-changing transitions, the kinds our grandparents only made once or twice in a lifetime. Maybe we'll need more psychotherapists to talk us down off the ledge, but in this month's Wired magazine, Founding Editor, Kevin Kelly says robots will soon replace therapists. I don't know about that, but he also says nurses, teachers, personal trainers, waiters and surgeons will soon be robotic. The jobs will go to the people who manage the bots.
The best-paying jobs will go to those who can leverage the added value that technology is constantly creating. Beyond that, we can spend our time doing what we want.
So what's the one job Kevin Kelly says robots can't replace? The job of deciding what people really want to do.
Coaches help people decide what they really want to do.
Coaching is not a tech job, but technology creates the need for coaches. And it's creating more of that need all the time for coaches who are ready.
Can coaches be replaced by artificial intelligence? We're a long way from that, because coaching relies at least as much on 'right brain' intuitive skills, which have been a challenge to the computing field so far, as it does on linear processing skills. But they'll probably crack intuition, eventually.
However, no amount of AI will ever make robots human. You could program 3CPO to say, 'I believe in you', but those words ring hollow unless you hear them from someone whose opinion matters to you.
Coaching will likely be with us for several more decades, or at least until Siri gets programed to ask more than she tells.
What else is about to change? Everything from the demise of our current too-slow, too-expensive, too-ineffective system of higher education (watch this video of new Google University for what might be next); to the rise of the 'bottom billion' as a result of cheap smart phones that now connect impoverished people to unlimited information, to vertical farming that can scale up to feed 10 billion of us. To get a more complete picture, I highly recommend you read Abundance by venture capitalist and X Prize founder Peter Diamandis.
How can you get ready to coach in the coming decades?
Surprisingly, you don't need to chase every trend. And you don't need to coach huge numbers of people for less. Because the rise of technologies means there is also a trend at the other side of the spectrum. It's the one that leverages Kevin Kelly's 1000 True Fans concept and focuses on hyper-customization and hyper-personalization.
Chris Brogan calls this the 'bespoke business'. This is the type of business most successful coaches have. It includes just a few clients who each pay a hefty fee. It usually also includes some lower-priced options and free content in order to build relationships and true fans. This type of business is on the rise and looks like it's here to stay.
More people will need and want coaching in the coming future. Less expensive goods and services provided by automation will free up money. And with the coming need to prepare for new professions every year, the savvy will use that money to hire tutors, mentors and coaches to help them get where they need to go faster.
What's a good strategy for a coach moving forward into the super-high-tech world of the future? Become the best - perhaps the only - in your specialty. Get just the training you need, be nimble and ready to pivot when things change dramatically, have your own coach and take super great care of yourself - you'll need it.
And have fun. Technology is designed to free us from drudgery. Coaching is the perfect profession for enjoying that freedom.
Need some coach training?
Topics: business coach, Coaching, coach training, iPhone, future of coaching, successful business, Life Coaching, life coach training, Kevin Kelly