text:
1 RezensionRezension schreiben
The American Journal of Horticulture and Florist's Companion, Band 1
covered with R. lacerata, its surrounding membrane prolonged into delicate lacerate teeth, which studded the whole fruit with soft white points, while the felty skin was timed orange gold with its constantly dropping spores. Another closely-related genus is Cystopus, which has white spores. It appears in oblong or linear white blotches on the leaves, and attacks cruciferous plants; among them, cabbages. The Polygona are sometimes almost covered with C. Candidas.
But the above-mentioned genera, though close allies, are far less injurious than the black-spored forms. These latter have been, for centuries, the pests of farmers. They are similar to Uredo in their general mode of growth; but their ravages are more extensive and fatal. The bunt of wheat (Ttlletia caries) takes possession of the whole grain, turning it into a mass of black dust. It does not, like Uredo, simply grow beneath the epidermis in a superficial manner: it permeates the whole substance of the grain, producing its powdery spores with immense rapidity and profusion. Ustilago Segetum, the smut of all the cereals, infests the stems, leaves, rachis, and grain. It grows within the tissues of the plant; its spores finally bursting forth in such vast quantities as to cover it with their jet-black powder, which is simply an immense mass of black globules. The rapidity of growth which will allow of the production from the apices of minute filaments of this dense volume of cells is certainly amazing. The number of them contained in an ear of smutty corn is simply inconceivable. They utterly vitiate the plant they infest, turning it into a dust, which, when moistened, becomes a disgusting inky mass. W. Mayidis, a kindred species, infests Indian corn.
Another genus, containing some of the most beautiful objects under the microscope, but ugly enough in the farmer's eye, is Puccinea. Many of its species attack plants of all orders, appearing in little dark, rounded spots on their leaves. But the dreaded species is the wheat-mildew, Puccinea graminis. This infests all cereals, attacking their culms and leaves. The spores of this genus are larger than those of the other genera: they can be almost individualized by the naked eye. They are borne on slender, diaphanous, elongated cells, and are variously ornamented by surface corrugations. They burst, like the others, from beneath the epidermis of the plants, in close masses, which become confluent lines in the grasses. The spores are double on the ends of the filaments, one above the other, looking like a single, oval spore, somewhat pointed at the top, which, by constriction and septation, had become resolved into two.
All of these fungi we have enumerated are of the simplest structure. Though the individual plants are so infinitesimally small, they reproduce with such woYiderful rapidity, and in such amazing profusion, as to destroy whole crops by their ravages. Their mycelium penetrates the soft tissues of their prey, and, on reaching the surface, breaks forth in an eruption which allows of no cure. A piece of glass, on which lie spread thousands of their spores, would exhibit to the eye a faint mist; and yet this mist will increase into a black cloud which envelops and destroys a field of nodding grain.
Experiments of all sorts have been resorted to to prevent the attack of these omnipresent parasites. But their occurrence is mainly clue to atmospheric influences. Their spores are everywhere, and can be called into germination by circumstances favorable to their growth, either moisture or drought. All fungi are more or less meteoric in occurrence. Season upon season may pass without a sign of them; and then, owing to favorable influence, often beyond our recognition, they spring broadcast into life and luxuriance. Dr. Berkeley says, "The surest remedy is to steep the seedgrain in some solution which at once washes off a portion of the spores, and poisons the rest. Many remedies have been proposed; as simple water, salt, lime, sulphate of copper, corrosive sublimate, arsenic. The best, perhaps, is sulphate of copper in solution (Glauber's salts), dried off with quicklime." These various parasites affect different localities with varying intensity. They are more or less common all over the world, and ravage the crops of England and Europe sometimes to a disastrous extent. The dry air of New England is not favorable to their propagation to an alarming degree. Chas. J. Spraguc.
Boston, March, 1867.
HEPATICA ANGULOSA.
Hepatica Angulosa is supposed to be a native of Hungary. It was introduced to cultivation in England by Messrs. Backhouse & Son of York, and is thus described in the Royal Horticultural Society's proceedings : —
"The leaves and flowers are about twice the size of the common Hepatica triloba; the former three inches broad, three-lobed; the lobes commonly
crenated, and again obscurely lobed; the latter numerous, each upwards of an inch and a half across, consisting of nine or ten (the numbers seven and eight being also found) oblong sepals of a pale blue-lilac color, prettily relieved by the central tufts of yellow styles. One of the finest hardy plants of recent introduction, and of a sturdy, vigorous habit."
Rose Mrs. Ward.—A hybrid perpetual obtained by Mr. Ward of Ipswich, the raiser of John Hopper, from Jules Margottin crossed with Comtesse de Chabrillant, and described as partaking of the qualities of both parents. "The outer petals have that brilliant rosy-pink color which the Countess possesses; while the centre of the flower has the color of Jules Margottin: the petals are of great substance, thicker almost than those of any rose with which we are acquainted. In shape, also, it is midway between the two; and we believe no better model for a rose exists. The wood is stout and thorny, the foliage large and ample; and the plant has the merit of being a good autumnal bloomer." — Florist.
Rhododendron Archiduc Etienne. — A hardy hybrid variety raised by M. A. Verschaffelt. The trusses, as well as the individual flowers, are large; the latter are white, densely covered in the upper petals with a multitude of small, dark, chestnut-brown spots, which at a little distance appear as if forming one large blotch; intersected lengthwise through the middle by a white vein. The spots do not extend so far as the margin of the petals; and, as they approach it, they are set farther apart: they also exist at the base of the lower petals. — L 'Illustration Horticole.
Urccolina pendula. — Described many years ago by Dean Herbert, and figured in "The Botanical Magazine " for 1864. The plant from which the plate is taken was found by Messrs. Veitch's collector, Mr. Pearce, in the woods of the Andes of Peru. It bears large umbels of drooping goldenyellow flowers, likened in shape to an inverted pitcher, and having the limb green, edged with white. — Ibid.
ORCHARD-SITES IN THE NORTH-WEST.
The belief that fruit cannot be raised on the prairie regions of the West is, happily, fast disappearing. Looking from the window at which I write, over an orchard of forty acres already in profitable bearing, located in the extreme northern part of Illinois, it is no difficult thing to say, that fruit-growing may be set down as a success in this region.
The many orchards that can be seen as one passes over the country, in which three-fourths of the trees are already dead, and the majority of the remainder in a dying condition, have done much to deter later settlers from planting as largely as they otherwise would; but each year gives greater evidence, in the success of other orchards, that these failures were the result of the ignorance and mistakes of the planters.
A few hints are here given with regard to orchard-sites, in the hope that they may be found useful. Scattered over our prairies are groves of timber of greater or less extent. These groves are generally found to be on higher ground than the surrounding prairie, and on that account are, to some extent, exempt from the frosts that are so destructive on the lower grounds. The soil, also, differs from the surrounding prairie; being much poorer in quality as a usual thing. The original growth of timber, when cleared away, leaves a mass of decaying roots in the ground, which serve for years as a natural under-drain. These reasons make these timbered spots eminently desirable for orchard-sites. Other things being equal, the higher the ground, the better. In an orchard planted by E. H. Skinner, one of the pioneer fruit-growers of Northern Illinois, which is two hundred feet above the level of the prairie, corn was not killed last fall until three or four weeks after it was killed on the prairie; and the late spring frosts are much lighter on this high ground. The poorer quality of soil is favorable, in that the wood is not stimulated to make a late fall growth, and is thus well ripened, and prepared to endure the rigors of a severe winter.
"Oak openings," as they are called, being sparsely covered with trees, make good sites for orchards.
On the open prairie, the high or " rolling " ground is considered best; but with proper cultivation before planting, and judicious cultivation after,
VOL. I. 37


Adventure photographer Tim Kemple has made a project of photographing some of the world's tallest peaks from high-altitude planes and helicopters. 'I've always been fascinated by the mountains. Call it a genuine obsession honestly,' he tells Resource Travel.
Given the potential risks – and great expense – to fly near these behemoths, Kemple has been working on his passion project slowly, crossing locations off his list one by one. When he's done, he hopes to have captured each of the seven summits and a number of his favorites photographed. We'd say he's off to an excellent start.


Mr. Casey is a leading expert in the energy utility industry with an outstanding record of driving growth and earnings both organically and through acquisitions, and is a partner of Acuity Partners.
As the founder and CEO of SourceOne, Mr. Casey was responsible for the overall management and technical efforts of the company. He successfully raised equity investments, targeted and acquired complementing businesses, and created a leading energy services company that is now recognized internationally. Under Mr. Casey's direction, SourceOne created award winning sustainable energy projects and secured high profile multi-million dollar energy efficiency and infrastructure contracts within both the private and public sectors. After SourceOne was acquired by Veolia Energy in April of 2007, Mr. Casey continued to grow SourceOne over the next several years, realizing double digit growth in both revenue and earnings.
Mr. Casey has deep project management and managerial experience in critical infrastructure assessment, sustainability initiatives, reliability projects, and asset optimization. He has also served as the technical lead on many data-center due diligence assessments and acquisitions, where utility and energy infrastructure requirement densities far exceed typical requirements for commercial industrial asset foot prints.
Mr. Casey received a B.S. in Electrical Engineering with a concentration in Power Systems & Delivery from Northeastern University . He is a frequent guest lecturer at various industry events and has authored several articles, including one on the 2003 Northeast Black Out. He has been active in many industry associations, including Governor Mitt Romney's task force on Electric Reliability, is a current member of the Northeast Energy and Commerce Association, and serves on the Board of Cantega Technologies.


text:
1 7 Table of Contents 9 90
How Choices are Made about Arbitration, Mediation, Litigation and Hybrid Mechanisms • International commercial arbitration remained the dispute resolution mechanism of choice among respondent users. • International commercial arbitration was more popular among Legal Users than Client Users. • Respondents ranked enforceability, neutrality/impartiality and cost as the top three most important factors in their choice of a dispute resolution mechanism. • Legal Users ranked enforceability as the most important consideration, whereas Client Users ranked neutrality/ impartiality as the most important factor in their choice of a dispute resolution mechanism. • Comparing user satisfaction, a larger proportion of mediation users were satisfied with speed and cost, as compared to arbitration and litigation users. Investor-State Dispute Resolution • Almost half of the users who responded to our survey indicated they had been involved in investor-state or multi-lateral investment disputes between 2016 and 2018. • International arbitration was the dispute settlement mechanism of choice with a majority of users opting for institutional or ad hoc arbitration to resolve investor-state disputes. • Users selected enforceability, political sensitivity and impartiality as the top three factors influencing their choice of dispute resolution mechanism in investor-state disputes. • Despite the dominance of arbitration in this field, users indicated an openness to selecting other dispute settlement mechanisms in investor-state matters such as litigation and mediation. • Users' responses suggest the need for reform in this field. Executive Summary The International Dispute Resolution Survey: 2020 Final Report presents the findings of the Singapore International Dispute Resolution Academy's inaugural examination into the preferences, experiences, practices and perspectives of international dispute resolution users around the globe. The survey examined three major international dispute resolution mechanisms: international commercial arbitration, international commercial mediation, international commercial litigation, as well as hybrid dispute resolution mechanisms such as mediation-arbitration and arbitration-mediation. The survey also inquired into the use of technology in international dispute resolution, such as predictive analytical tools and negotiation support systems, and asked the users to express whether they were satisfied with the use of technology. The report summarizes findings from each mechanism in turn and explores the key trends drawn from the data, identifying currents of change that impact international dispute resolution. Key findings of the report are set out as follows: SIDRA INTERNATIONAL DISPUTE RESOLUTION SURVEY vii

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Saniflo: Sanifos 110 wins Build It Award
Saniflo was delighted to finish 2022 on a high by winning the Build It Awards for the Sanifos 110 lifting station in the 'Best Plumbing or Drainage System or Product' category.
The Sanifos 110 is the best-selling underground lifting station model in the 6-strong Sanifos range. The compact unit provides a cost-effective solution for the discharge of black and grey water waste from new and existing buildings where gravity drainage isn't accessible.
With an integrated grinder pump and multiple connection points, the 110-litre capacity unit is capable of discharging all the waste from individual dwellings or industrial units, but is also commonly used for extensions, outbuildings, garden rooms, glamping pods etc.
The waste can be pumped vertically up to 14m and horizontally, which means that building projects are feasible even if they are sited beneath the level of the mains drains, sewer or water treatment plant.
The flexible unit can equally be sited on the ground, in a cupboard, basement or a shed and is simple to install above or beneath the ground. The popularity of hybrid working over the last few years has paid witness to a boom in garden offices and these are often sited at a distance from the main property.
These independent buildings are also widely used as gyms, salons, accommodation and hobby rooms. The Sanifos can facilitate the drainage for these buildings without the need for costly civils work, allowing the installation of bathrooms, kitchens, laundry rooms and any other application requiring a waste discharge.
Tim Pestell, Managing Director of Saniflo, was very pleased to receive the news from the Build-It team: "The Build It Awards have been in existence for over a decade and are a coveted accolade for any supplier in the self-build industry.
"Saniflo products have been widely used in the sector for many years, particularly in refurbishment, change of use and extension projects and it's great to receive formal recognition in the shape of the award.
"The Sanifos 110 is a highly appealing product for self-builders and renovators because it offers the ability to build in places that might otherwise not be considered. Our thanks to the judges who chose this product from Saniflo."


text: A new economic zone creation in Jordan and both countries Vice Chairman of greeting. 0 people A mayor began citizens attended the lecture Memorial lecture of the Ambassador of Jordan Ambassador month, was opened. Ambassador before you to return home in a month after the term of office of the year, Jordan's position and measures against the Palestinian problem (Middle East issue), told such as concrete prospects for conflict resolution. Lecture to Ambassador (at the hotel) Prior to the lecture, the Institute Chairman greeting. A city signed a friendship city relationship in Jerusalem City and 000 years, to 0 years, ask them to exchange leads to Israel and the Palestinian conflict orphans in Japan [Middle East peace project] is introduced, such as that which began in Ayabe . [Realization of Middle East peace is difficult in Japan is only mediate between Israel and Palestine. Jordan and Japan together, route and important] be made to the peace, and stressed that the large role played by neighboring Jordan.


text:
Transdiagnostic development of internalizing psychopathology throughout the life course up to age 45: a World Mental Health Surveys report
WHO World Mental Health Survey collaborators
Background Depressive and anxiety disorders are highly comorbid, which has been theorized to be due to an underlying internalizing vulnerability. We aimed to identify groups of participants with differing vulnerabilities by examining the course of internalizing psychopathology up to age 45. Methods We used data from 24158 participants (aged 45+) in 23 population-based cross-sectional World Mental Health Surveys. Internalizing disorders were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). We applied latent class growth analysis (LCGA) and investigated the characteristics of identified classes using logistic or linear regression. Results The best-fitting LCGA solution identified eight classes: A healthy class (81.9%), three childhood-onset classes with mild (3.7%), moderate (2.0%), or severe (1.1%) internalizing comorbidity, two puberty-onset classes with mild (4.0%) or moderate (1.4%) comorbidity, and two adult-onset classes with mild comorbidity (2.7% and 3.2%). The childhood-onset severe class had particularly unfavorable sociodemographic outcomes compared to the healthy class, with increased risks of being never or previously married (OR = 2.2 and 2.0, p < 0.001), not being employed (OR = 3.5, p < 0.001), and having a low/low-Average income (OR = 2.2, p < 0.001). Moderate or severe (v. mild) comorbidity was associated with 12-month internalizing disorders (OR = 1.9 and 4.8, p < 0.001), disability (B = 1.1-2.3, p < 0.001), and suicidal ideation (OR = 4.2, p < 0.001 for severe comorbidity only). Adult (v. childhood) onset was associated with lower rates of 12-month internalizing disorders (OR = 0.2, p < 0.001). Conclusions We identified eight transdiagnostic trajectories of internalizing psychopathology. Unfavorable outcomes were concentrated in the 1% of participants with childhood onset and severe comorbidity. Early identification of this group may offer opportunities for preventive interventions.
E-pub ahead of print - 10 Nov 2020
Copyright © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press.
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
internalizing disorders
latent class growth analysis
10.1017/S0033291720004031Licence: CC BY
Final published versionFinal published version, 451 KBLicence: CC BY
Dive into the research topics of 'Transdiagnostic development of internalizing psychopathology throughout the life course up to age 45: a World Mental Health Surveys report'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
comorbidity Social Sciences 100%
psychopathology Social Sciences 81%
Psychopathology Medicine & Life Sciences 80%
Global Health Medicine & Life Sciences 80%
Health Surveys Medicine & Life Sciences 79%
Comorbidity Medicine & Life Sciences 64%
Mental Health Medicine & Life Sciences 64%
mental health Social Sciences 56%
WHO World Mental Health Survey collaborators (2020). Transdiagnostic development of internalizing psychopathology throughout the life course up to age 45: a World Mental Health Surveys report. Psychological Medicine, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720004031
WHO World Mental Health Survey collaborators. / Transdiagnostic development of internalizing psychopathology throughout the life course up to age 45: a World Mental Health Surveys report. In: Psychological Medicine. 2020 ; pp. 1-10.
@article{cf63f753ba4b45e2a4aa07b33f6a57d1,
title = "Transdiagnostic development of internalizing psychopathology throughout the life course up to age 45: a World Mental Health Surveys report",
abstract = "Background Depressive and anxiety disorders are highly comorbid, which has been theorized to be due to an underlying internalizing vulnerability. We aimed to identify groups of participants with differing vulnerabilities by examining the course of internalizing psychopathology up to age 45. Methods We used data from 24158 participants (aged 45+) in 23 population-based cross-sectional World Mental Health Surveys. Internalizing disorders were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). We applied latent class growth analysis (LCGA) and investigated the characteristics of identified classes using logistic or linear regression. Results The best-fitting LCGA solution identified eight classes: A healthy class (81.9%), three childhood-onset classes with mild (3.7%), moderate (2.0%), or severe (1.1%) internalizing comorbidity, two puberty-onset classes with mild (4.0%) or moderate (1.4%) comorbidity, and two adult-onset classes with mild comorbidity (2.7% and 3.2%). The childhood-onset severe class had particularly unfavorable sociodemographic outcomes compared to the healthy class, with increased risks of being never or previously married (OR = 2.2 and 2.0, p < 0.001), not being employed (OR = 3.5, p < 0.001), and having a low/low-Average income (OR = 2.2, p < 0.001). Moderate or severe (v. mild) comorbidity was associated with 12-month internalizing disorders (OR = 1.9 and 4.8, p < 0.001), disability (B = 1.1-2.3, p < 0.001), and suicidal ideation (OR = 4.2, p < 0.001 for severe comorbidity only). Adult (v. childhood) onset was associated with lower rates of 12-month internalizing disorders (OR = 0.2, p < 0.001). Conclusions We identified eight transdiagnostic trajectories of internalizing psychopathology. Unfavorable outcomes were concentrated in the 1% of participants with childhood onset and severe comorbidity. Early identification of this group may offer opportunities for preventive interventions.",
keywords = "Anxiety disorders, depression, internalizing disorders, latent class growth analysis",
author = "{WHO World Mental Health Survey collaborators} and {de Vries}, {Ymkje Anna} and Ali Al-Hamzawi and Jordi Alonso and Andrade, {Laura Helena} and Corina Benjet and Ronny Bruffaerts and Brendan Bunting and {de Girolamo}, Giovanni and Silvia Florescu and Oye Gureje and Haro, {Josep Maria} and Aimee Karam and Karam, {Elie G} and Norito Kawakami and Viviane Kovess-Masfety and Sing Lee and Zeina Mneimneh and Fernando Navarro-Mateu and Akin Ojagbemi and Jos{\'e} Posada-Villa and Kate Scott and Stagnaro, {Juan Carlos} and Yolanda Torres and Miguel Xavier and Zarkov, {Zahari N} and Kessler, {Ronald C} and {de Jonge}, Peter",
note = "Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press. Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
journal = "Psychological Medicine",
WHO World Mental Health Survey collaborators 2020, 'Transdiagnostic development of internalizing psychopathology throughout the life course up to age 45: a World Mental Health Surveys report', Psychological Medicine, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720004031
Transdiagnostic development of internalizing psychopathology throughout the life course up to age 45: a World Mental Health Surveys report. / WHO World Mental Health Survey collaborators.
In: Psychological Medicine, 10.11.2020, p. 1-10.
T1 - Transdiagnostic development of internalizing psychopathology throughout the life course up to age 45: a World Mental Health Surveys report
AU - WHO World Mental Health Survey collaborators
AU - de Vries, Ymkje Anna
AU - Al-Hamzawi, Ali
AU - Alonso, Jordi
AU - Andrade, Laura Helena
AU - Benjet, Corina
AU - Bruffaerts, Ronny
AU - Bunting, Brendan
AU - de Girolamo, Giovanni
AU - Florescu, Silvia
AU - Gureje, Oye
AU - Haro, Josep Maria
AU - Karam, Aimee
AU - Karam, Elie G
AU - Kawakami, Norito
AU - Kovess-Masfety, Viviane
AU - Lee, Sing
AU - Mneimneh, Zeina
AU - Navarro-Mateu, Fernando
AU - Ojagbemi, Akin
AU - Posada-Villa, José
AU - Scott, Kate
AU - Stagnaro, Juan Carlos
AU - Torres, Yolanda
AU - Xavier, Miguel
AU - Zarkov, Zahari N
AU - Kessler, Ronald C
AU - de Jonge, Peter
N1 - Publisher Copyright: Copyright © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press. Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
N2 - Background Depressive and anxiety disorders are highly comorbid, which has been theorized to be due to an underlying internalizing vulnerability. We aimed to identify groups of participants with differing vulnerabilities by examining the course of internalizing psychopathology up to age 45. Methods We used data from 24158 participants (aged 45+) in 23 population-based cross-sectional World Mental Health Surveys. Internalizing disorders were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). We applied latent class growth analysis (LCGA) and investigated the characteristics of identified classes using logistic or linear regression. Results The best-fitting LCGA solution identified eight classes: A healthy class (81.9%), three childhood-onset classes with mild (3.7%), moderate (2.0%), or severe (1.1%) internalizing comorbidity, two puberty-onset classes with mild (4.0%) or moderate (1.4%) comorbidity, and two adult-onset classes with mild comorbidity (2.7% and 3.2%). The childhood-onset severe class had particularly unfavorable sociodemographic outcomes compared to the healthy class, with increased risks of being never or previously married (OR = 2.2 and 2.0, p < 0.001), not being employed (OR = 3.5, p < 0.001), and having a low/low-Average income (OR = 2.2, p < 0.001). Moderate or severe (v. mild) comorbidity was associated with 12-month internalizing disorders (OR = 1.9 and 4.8, p < 0.001), disability (B = 1.1-2.3, p < 0.001), and suicidal ideation (OR = 4.2, p < 0.001 for severe comorbidity only). Adult (v. childhood) onset was associated with lower rates of 12-month internalizing disorders (OR = 0.2, p < 0.001). Conclusions We identified eight transdiagnostic trajectories of internalizing psychopathology. Unfavorable outcomes were concentrated in the 1% of participants with childhood onset and severe comorbidity. Early identification of this group may offer opportunities for preventive interventions.
AB - Background Depressive and anxiety disorders are highly comorbid, which has been theorized to be due to an underlying internalizing vulnerability. We aimed to identify groups of participants with differing vulnerabilities by examining the course of internalizing psychopathology up to age 45. Methods We used data from 24158 participants (aged 45+) in 23 population-based cross-sectional World Mental Health Surveys. Internalizing disorders were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). We applied latent class growth analysis (LCGA) and investigated the characteristics of identified classes using logistic or linear regression. Results The best-fitting LCGA solution identified eight classes: A healthy class (81.9%), three childhood-onset classes with mild (3.7%), moderate (2.0%), or severe (1.1%) internalizing comorbidity, two puberty-onset classes with mild (4.0%) or moderate (1.4%) comorbidity, and two adult-onset classes with mild comorbidity (2.7% and 3.2%). The childhood-onset severe class had particularly unfavorable sociodemographic outcomes compared to the healthy class, with increased risks of being never or previously married (OR = 2.2 and 2.0, p < 0.001), not being employed (OR = 3.5, p < 0.001), and having a low/low-Average income (OR = 2.2, p < 0.001). Moderate or severe (v. mild) comorbidity was associated with 12-month internalizing disorders (OR = 1.9 and 4.8, p < 0.001), disability (B = 1.1-2.3, p < 0.001), and suicidal ideation (OR = 4.2, p < 0.001 for severe comorbidity only). Adult (v. childhood) onset was associated with lower rates of 12-month internalizing disorders (OR = 0.2, p < 0.001). Conclusions We identified eight transdiagnostic trajectories of internalizing psychopathology. Unfavorable outcomes were concentrated in the 1% of participants with childhood onset and severe comorbidity. Early identification of this group may offer opportunities for preventive interventions.
KW - Anxiety disorders
KW - depression
KW - internalizing disorders
KW - latent class growth analysis
JO - Psychological Medicine
JF - Psychological Medicine
WHO World Mental Health Survey collaborators. Transdiagnostic development of internalizing psychopathology throughout the life course up to age 45: a World Mental Health Surveys report. Psychological Medicine. 2020 Nov 10;1-10. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720004031


text:
A Phymateus viridipes a rovarok (Insecta) osztályának egyenesszárnyúak (Orthoptera) rendjébe, ezen belül a Pyrgomorphidae családjába tartozó faj.

Előfordulása
A Phymateus viridipes előfordulási területe Afrika.

Alfajai

Phymateus viridipes brunneri
Phymateus viridipes viridipes Stål, 1873

Megjelenése
Ez a rovar körülbelül 7 centiméter hosszú. Az elülső szárnyai zöld színűek, míg a hátsók élénk vörös és kék mintázatúak. A feje mögött, vörös végű tüskék vannak. A nimfák élénk sárga és fekete mintázatúak.

Életmódja
A nimfák védekezési célokból nagy csoportokban ülnek, míg a felnőttek falevélnek próbálnak álcázódni. A nimfák többé-kevésbbé mindenevők, viszont az imágók a mérgező Acokanthera oppositifolia, Cascabela thevetia és Secamone alpinii növényeket kedvelik. Ha veszélyben van, akkor kellemetlen nedvet bocsát ki. Amikor az élőhelyéről elfogy a táplálék, nagy vándorutakat is megtehet.

Képek

Jegyzetek

Fordítás

További információk
Ofv. K. Vetensk. Akad. Forh. 30(4):39-53.

Sáskák
Rovarfajok
Afrika ízeltlábúi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
There are many of us out there who love exploring spooky, haunted locations. But no matter how brave the explorer, there are some places that are simply too terrifying to set foot in!
So here is a list of 5 Nightmarish Places You Don't Want to Visit! And I've saved the scariest till last, so make sure to read to the end as you don't want to miss number 5!
1. Poveglia Island
Less than half a mile from the splendor of Venice lurks an island so terrifying the locals refuse to go near it. This is known as Poveglia Island, and its history is about as chilling as they come.
The history of Poveglia begins all the way back to the Roman era, when the Romans took advantage of it in order to reduce the spread of the bubonic plague. By which I mean the island literally became a gruesome dumping ground for the dead and dying alike.
Its unsettling history continued as the location became the site of an asylum in the 1920's, housing those with mental illnesses. But far from receiving the necessary care, these helpless patients were instead subjected to brutal, experimental procedures, including horrific lobotomies.
The doctor who carried out these barbaric cruelties later went on to commit suicide by jumping from the asylums bell tower. Some say he became racked with guilt over his crimes, but others say he was driven mad by the many spirits patients insisted populated Poveglia.
The asylum was closed in the 60's and the island has been abandoned ever since. Local rumours say that fishermen refuse to fish near the site for fear of netting human bones, and the island itself is said to be incredibly haunted.
Visitors and explorers report disembodied voices, unexplained bangs, and the unshakable sense of a malicious entity stalking nearby. Some locals claim this is the doctor himself, who continues to be as nasty a piece of work in spirit as he was in life.
2. Waverly Hills Sanitorium
It's fair to say that abandoned hospitals have a pretty scary reputation. And the Waverly Hills Sanitorium has a scarier one than most.
Opened in 1926 in the grip of an US tuberculosis epidemic, Waverly Hills is an example of a place that genuinely tried to help but ended up doing much more harm than good.
The experimental treatments attempted in the facility ranged from the useless to the just plain gruesome. On the less disturbing side of the scale, treatments included deliberate exposure to cold air. But on the more disturbing – and bloodier – side, other procedures included removing ribs, and inserting balloons in to patient's lungs in order to inflate them.
Needless to say these 'treatments' didn't exactly reduce Waverly Hill's death rates. It raised them. To the point that a hidden 'death chute' was created to transport dead bodies out of the hospital, to avoid alarming the other patients.
Following the discovery of effective drugs to treat TB, the hospital was finally closed in the 1960's. However it soon after opened it's doors again, this time as a home for people with dementia and learning disabilities. But this too closed two decades later, due to appalling levels of abuse and neglect within the institution.
In the 21st Century Waverly Hills has finally closed for good, but it remains far from empty.
Now the home of regular ghost tours, Waverly Hills is said to be home to many cold spots, shadow figures, unexplained voices and inexplicably slamming doors.
Waverly Hill's two most famous ghosts include that of a little boy named 'Timmy', who is said to roll balls across the empty rooms, and that of a nurse who hung herself in room 502. Another nurse is also rumoured to have committed suicide by jumping from the window of room 502, leading many to speculate that room is cursed. Or quite possibly the residence of a negative entity, that has been sensed by several psychics over the years.
3. Holy Land
Abandoned theme parks are incredibly spooky, but those with a biblical theme are somehow even creepier.
Created in the 1950's by Roman Catholic John Baptist Greco, Holy Land was conceived as a place were people of all races could join together in faith, in Christianity's very own answer to Disneyland!
The park was modeled in an imitation of biblical era Jerusalem and Bethlehem, and included towering illuminated crosses, models depicting various biblical scenes, and even its own 'Garden of Eden'.
In its heyday the park saw over 40,000 visitors a year, but in 1984 the park was closed for good, after it's owners became unable to afford hefty restoration costs. The park was simply left to rot, and more than 30 years later it is a deeply unsettling place, and a magnet for urban explorers.
Nowadays the once grand park is now a mass of crumbling Israelite buildings, decaying statues and rusted crosses, amongst a sea of overgrown greenery which is steadily consuming the park.
What was once a place of splendor is now one of intense eerieness, which over the last few decades has also begun to attract vandals, in addition to curious trespassers.
But the general creepiness of Holy Land took a sinister turn in 2010, when the lifeless body of a 16-year-old girl was found below one of the parks enormous crosses, having been assaulted and strangled by a male acquaintance.
While this tragic murder was unconnected to the history of the site itself, it has certainly added to the aura of negativity attached to the park in subsequent years.
4. The Bell Witch Cave
Caves can be pretty creepy places, especially if you suffer from claustrophobia. But the back story of the Bell Witch Cave in Tennessee makes it an especially terrifying place.
The origin of the Bell 'Witch Legend' stems from the haunting of the Bell family, who in 1817 began being tormented by an unseen but deeply malicious entity. While the entity was never actually seen, it was frequently heard speaking; taunting the petrified family.
Identifying itself as a 'witch', the entity harbored a strong hatred of the father, John Bell, physically attacking him, and repeatedly stating it's intent to kill him.
And, if the witch is to be believed, it eventually succeeded. When in 1820 John Bell died following an illness, the witch took gleeful responsibility, claiming to have 'poisoned' him with a mysterious liquid discovered shortly after in a glass vial. Satisfied with its handy work, the witch reportedly disappeared from the property shortly after.
So where does the cave come in? Well, many believe that the cave, located on the Bell's former property, acted as a paranormal portal through witch both 'arrived', and to which she later 'returned' to following the death of John Bell.
Fast-forwarding to the present day, and the caves are now a tourist attraction. The Bell Witch Legend lives on and so, apparently, does the Bell Witch. Both former and current owners claim to have seen a faint, misty figure stalking the cave, and the echo of unexplained footsteps are another common occurence.
The caves are also allegedly haunted by the spirits of native americans – a legend stemming from the discovery of a native american grave inside the caves. Some believe this grave belongs to the 'witch' herself, which could go a way to explain her grudge against the Bell Family. Afterall, no one likes noisy new neighbors ruining your peace and quiet.
5. Island of the Dolls
There are few things quite as horrifying as possessed dolls. But did you know there is an entire island full of them in Mexico?
Known as Isla de la Munecas – or 'Island of the Dolls' – it is home to literally hundreds of decaying, dismembered dolls. And the story of how they came to be there is even more unsettling.
The tale of the island begins a little over 60 years ago, with the discovery of a drowned girl by Julian Santana Barrera, a hermit living on the island. Profoundly affected by the discovery, when Julian found a toy doll floating in the same canal he had found the little girl, he decided to hang it from a tree as a mark of respect.
But the story didn't end there. Over the next 50 years, Julian continued to feverishly collect as many dolls as he could get his hands on, even trading his own home-grown crops in exchange for them.
Why did he do this? Because he claimed he was being haunted by the unhappy spirit of the little girl, and hoped to appease her spirit through these offerings. He also strongly believed that the dolls themselves were being used as vessels for possession, by the numerous spirits who inhabited the island.
So did Julian Santana Barrera ever manage to appease the child's spirit? We will never know for sure, as Julian himself was found dead in 2001. Drowned, rumours say, in the exact same spot his discovered the little girl all those decades ago.
Following his death the island is now a tourist attraction, and the dolls are apparently as active as ever. Visitors and locals alike insist that they've witnessed the dolls moving their limbs or heads, and many people have claimed to hear them whisper and giggle amongst themselves as well.
Other common reports include the mysterious screams of a woman, a occurance that also troubled Julian himself during his time living on the island.
So that was 5 Nightmarish Places You Don't Want to Visit! What terrifying places are you too scared to enter? Do let me know in the comments below!
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5 thoughts on "5 Nightmarish Places You Don't Want to Visit!"
davemcclane
where is Holy Land? Sounds incredibly weird! I HAVE to go!
It's in a place called Waterbury, Conneticut – I think. It IS off limits to the public unfortunately – but what an amazing place to dream of exploring!
everydayissues
I enjoy your writing. The sanitarium gave me the creeps!
ermaktravel
Waverly Hills Sanatorium is an awesome place. But the grounds around the hospital are off limits, which sucks. The main hospital is an impressive structure, but there were more buildings in the area including the Colored Hospital, kids quarters, private homes and etc. It would be nice to search the area with a metal detector.
http://ermakvagus.com/North%20America/usa/Midwest/Waverly/waverly.htm
Waverly Hills is one of those places I'd love to explore, but as much as I like to fancy myself as a fearless ghost hunter would probably be too much of a wuss in reality. One suspicious bang or unexplained echoe and I'd be out there like a shot! And possibly crying.


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Investigators Hold Last Scheduled Water Search In Sierra LaMar Case
Filed Under:Abduction, Antolin Garcia-Torres, Crime, Homicide, Jose Cardoza, Kidnapping, Mike Colgan, Missing, Missing Girl, Morgan Hill, Murder, Santa Clara County Sheriff's Department, Sierra Lamar, Uvas Reservoir
Sierra LaMar (Santa Clara Co. Sheriff's Dept.)
MORGAN HILL (KCBS) — The Santa Clara County Sheriff's Department dive team announced there would be no further water searches scheduled in the Sierra LaMar case.
Monday's search of the Uvas Reservoir was the last of its kind and marks the end of a chapter. Sheriff's spokesman Sgt. Jose Cardoza said future water searches will be based on tips.
"To date, the dive team has searched over half a dozen reservoirs; Uvas, Chesborough, Coyote, Calero, Almaden, Anderson, and Guadalupe. [They've] been searched more than once and there's been over 40 small ponds and lakes in that search as well," Cardoza said.
KCBS' Mike Colgan Reports:
The mother of defendant Antolin Garcia-Torres, who has been charged with Sierra LaMar's murder, has said that he went fishing on the day of LaMar's disappearance. LaMar, 15, was last seen on the morning of March 16th.
But Cardoza said that's not something they're talking about.
"There has been some information out there as far as Garcia-Torres' hobbies or activities and fishing. We just can't comment on that one way or another. He is in custody that is a fact. The case does remain open; we're still focused and targeted on finding Sierra and locating her," Cardoza said.
The defendant, who has not entered a plea, is expected to be back in court on July 10th.


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Q: Automatically load files from gcs bucket to bigquery in the order of object created time I want to load multiple CSV files from my google cloud storage bucket to Bigquery table. Consider that I have the same schema for all the CSV files and want to store all files in a single Bigquery table. The condition is 'I have to load them in the order of file created time'. If I mention the file names in the source_objects, it loads data in random order.
Here is my code.
with models.DAG(
    dag_id="sample_id",
    start_date=days_ago(1),
    schedule_interval='@once'
) as dag:
    GCS_to_BQ= GoogleCloudStorageToBigQueryOperator(
        task_id='gcs-bq',
        bucket='bucket_name',
        source_objects=['sample*.csv'], #wildcard
        skip_leading_rows=1,
        destination_project_dataset_table='dataset.dest_table_name',
        schema_fields=[{"name":"ID", "type":"INTEGER"},{"name":"Name","type":"String"},{"name":"Email","type":"STRING"},] ,
        source_format='CSV',
        #create_disposition='CREATE_IF_NEEDED',
        write_disposition='WRITE_TRUNCATE',
        dag=dag
        )

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Memphis is turning 200! The Pink Palace is celebrating with a special exhibition. Making Memphis 200 years of community is currently on display. Spillit is joining the fun by participating in a community storytelling day. We have rounded up some of our best storytellers for your entertainment. Tickets are included in museum admission price. See you there!
Click here to learn more about Making Memphis at the Pink Palace.


text:
Q: How to prevant request by guzzle get redirected by client? How to prevant request by guzzle get redirected by client?
screnshoot
i already give the parameter allow_redirects set to false but still my request get redirected.
$client = new \GuzzleHttp\Client([
  'headers' => [
    'User-Agent' => 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/85.0.4183.102 Safari/537.36',
  ], 'verify' => false
]);
$response = $client->post(
  "{$value->url}/wp-json/apg/v1/webhooks",
  [
    'form_params' => [
      'token_auth'   => $this->setting->token_auth,
      'webhooks_type'=> 'theme',
      'theme'        => $theme,
      'url_download' => url('/storage/themes')
    ],
    'allow_redirects' => FALSE
  ]
);
$jsonResponse = json_decode($response->getBody()->getContents());


a genus of flagellate protozoa parasitic in the intestines of humans and other animals, which may cause protracted, intermittent diarrhea with symptoms suggesting malabsorption. G. lamb´lia (called also G. intestina´lis) causes giardiasis.
(jē-ar'dē-ă), Avoid the misspelling/mispronunciation Girardia.
A genus of parasitic flagellates that parasitize the small intestine of many mammals, including most domestic animals and humans; for example, Giardia bovis in cattle, Giardia canis in dogs, and Giardia cati in cats. Many species have been described, but current research suggests that these should be reduced to only two or three.
/Gi·ar·dia/ (je-ahr´de-ah) a genus of flagellate protozoa parasitic in the intestinal tract of humans and other animals, which may cause giardiasis; G. lam´blia (G. intestina´lis) is the species found in humans.
Any of various flagellated, usually nonpathogenic protozoa of the genus Giardia that may be parasitic in the intestines of vertebrates including humans and most domestic animals.
a common genus of flagellate protozoans and a major cause of nonbacterial diarrhea in North America and of intestinal disease globally. Many species of Giardia normally inhabit the digestive tract and cause inflammation in association with other factors that produce rapid proliferation of the organism. See also giardiasis.
A genus of flagellates that parasitize the small intestine of human beings, domestic and wild mammals, and birds.
A genus of flagellates that parasitizes the small intestine of human beings, domestic and wild mammals, and birds.
a genus of flagellate protozoa parasitic in the intestines of most animals. They are capable of causing protracted, intermittent diarrhea suggestive of malabsorption, sometimes dysentery, but many infections may be non-symptomatic. Includes G. bovis (cattle), G. canis (dogs), G. caprae (goats), G. cati or G. felis (cats), G. caviae (guinea pigs), G. chinchillae (chinchillas), G. duodenalis (rabbits), G. equi (horses), G. felis (cats), G. intestinalis (G. lamblia; found in humans, pigs, budgerigars, monkeys), G. muris (mice, rats).
The most common parasites in males were; Giardia lamblia (2.
The presence of Giardia in the gut causes the intestinal epithelial barrier to lose proper function, although scientists are still trying to figure out the precise biochemical mechanisms responsible for this.
Malatya'da yapilan calismalarda %5,2, %26,3 ve %6,2 oraninda Giardia intestinalis saptanmistir.
El diagnostico de la presencia de Giardia spp se realiza por la observacion directa de trofozoitos y quistes en heces por el metodo del frotis directo [12, 39] y el metodo de flotacion con sulfato de zinc , en el cual se evidencia la presencia de quistes, la cuantificacion se realiza por conteo de formas quisticas y trofozoitos en una escala cualitativa dada en cruces [6, 12, 35].
Giardia is a one-celled parasite that's visible under a microscope as a flattish droplet shape with flagella, whip-like structures that help it move.
Giardia is a one-celled parasite that's visible under a microscope as a flat droplet shape with flagella, whip-like structures that help it move.
The O&P test came back positive for Giardia lamblia, which was addressed by the therapy that was administered.
Gordts et al (22) ensayaron con 25 aislamientos de Giardia y declararon que mas de la mitad de los aislamientos de Giardia fueron muy susceptibles a la Cq in-vitro.
The authors attributed these mucosal changes to the direct in jury by grasping action of the adhesive discs of Giardia trophozoites, toxic byproducts elaborated by the parasites .
Protozoan parasites "as: cysts": 1 Giardia lamblia 04.
Caccio, "Zoonotic potential of Giardia," International Journal for Parasitology, vol.
Dogs that contract giardia often exhibit excessive diarrhea and, after prolonged exposure, weakness, even despite a healthy appetite and ample fluids.


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Deep-brain stimulation service discussions now at 'advanced stage'
By sa | May 27, 2015 | 0
"There is no formally agreed DBS service as yet at Belfast Health and Social Care Trust," a Belfast Trust spokesperson told the Medical Independent (MI).
"Patients from RoI (Republic of Ireland) and NI (Northern Ireland) requiring urgent battery replacements have been facilitated with agreement from the HSCB [Health and Social Care Board] and the HSE.
"It is not yet clear when a formal service will commence, although discussions are at an advanced stage."
People from the South access treatment in the Belfast Royal Victoria Hospital, following agreement by the HSE to fund treatment in Belfast in late 2014.
A total of six patients have to date received treatment, a Department of Health spokesperson told MI.
The DBS service was mentioned by Minister for Health Leo Varadkar at a visit to Altnagelvin Hospital in Derry last month, as one example of North-South co-operation on health.
Health co-operation was one of the "unsung successes" of the Good Friday Agreement, the Minister tweeted at the time.
DBS is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, essential tremor and dystonia, but there is currently no programme in the Republic and patients have had to go overseas for treatment.
See feature 'Bridge over troubled borders'
'Practical solutions' required for HCWs with children during current surge


text:
Home » Events » 2023 » January
Events - January, 2023
Positive Volunteer Management and Dealing with Performance Issues
Tue, 31 Jan 2023 (10:30 - 12:30)
International / Online
Voluntary Action LeicesterShire is running an interactive 2 hour training session for those involved in managing volunteers.
Club Matters: Building Back Stronger Workshop
Fri, 27 Jan 2023 (10:30 - 12:30)
The Pandemic has seriously impacted on all aspects of life, including the running of sports clubs. As we return to play and approach a new normal, we understand that clubs need support to assess their current situation, tackle any issues, implement recovery strategies and look to the future.
Club Matters - Planning for your Future
Sun, 22 Jan 2023 (10:00 - 12:00)
Does your club have a plan for the future? This workshop identifies how to effectively plan and develop specific objectives to enable your club to tackle key issues and become sustainable.
Club Matters: Leadership Teams Workshop
Thu, 12 Jan 2023 (12:00 - 14:00)
Do you have the right committee structure? This workshop explores how your club can be structured to not only effectively run the club, but also plan for the future. The workshop also looks at how you make sure the right people are in the right roles to take the club forward.
Supporting Transgender Students in PE
Trans young people struggle to access sport and physical education for a number of reasons. In this workshop, we will explore what it means to be transgender, the barriers faced in PE and sporting activities and how you can best support trans students in your lessons and clubs so they feel safe and included. Created and delivered by young people and staff from CAMHS and Mack Mclean from Rainbow Bedfordshire. This will be an online session, with plenty of opportunities to have discussions and ask questions in a safe space without judgement for saying the 'wrong thing'
Level 5 and 6 Certificate And Award In Primary PE Specialism
Fri, 13 Jan 2023 - Sun, 31 Dec 2023 (09:00 - 16:00)
VOTED BEST COURSE CENTRE 2016 by the Association for PE and Sports Leaders UK
Virtual Multi-Sports Time to Listen Course (Club Welfare Officers)
Time to Listen is a virtual online workshop for Club Welfare Officers (CWO). This course will be delivered via Zoom over 3.5 hours and multiple dates are available. CWOs must have attended a Safeguarding & Protecting Children workshop previously and will need to be familiar with their own NGB or organisation reporting procedures to the workshop. *Please ensure that your National Governing Body accepts the multisport version of this course before booking.


Sharp-eyed visitors may have noticed that we're starting to augment our YouTube channel with some stand-alone reviews - not just a few clips which support written reviews. To that end, we've been on the lookout for bits of kit to help us do that, and discovered a real need for an action pole - a selfie stick that is tougher and more adjustable. With two landing on the doormat on the same day, we just had to give them both a go. Prepare for the Action Pole standoff!
The thinner one is the Manfrotto, while the chunkier blue pole is from PNY. There are actually two models from Manfrotto; one with an action cam mount, and one with a ball-socket mount with a tripod screw (which is what we requested). However, most action cams will ship with a screw adaptor, so if you're swapping between a camera and an action cam, either should be fine. Meanwhile, the PNY pole comes with attachments for both included.
Oh, and both come with a wrist strap, while the PNY Action Pole also features a carabina clip.
In terms of maximum extension, the Manfrotto wins out, stretching out to 90cm, while the PNY extends to 68cm. However (and that's an important 'however'), the Manfrotto is either fully extended or not at all, with no options to lock the pole in between. The PNY twist locks to any extension, so there is a greater choice there.
Because look: the Manfrotto pole uses telescopic fibreglass sections with wedge together to lock - a bit like a toy lightsaber. This makes it light and thin, but there is no way to lock the pole at a shorter length. It does however screw closed, so it will stay compact and together while stored.
Meanwhile in the PNY camp, the pole is made from three sections of aluminium. This makes the whole assembly heavier, but means you can lock off the pole at any length - even just a few centimetres if you want.
As we said, we were sent the ball-mount version of the Manfrotto pole, and a really good mount it is too. That screw locks the joint very tightly, and we had no nervous feeling about attaching a full sized camera to it, then hoisting it above our heads. As well as locking off the ball, the screw will also close the rotation of the head, so a very handy and easily adjustable fully metal thing.
Meanwhile in plastic world... yes, the mounts on the PNY stick are plastic, but they are fortified with lots of metal. Also, there is a lot more going on here as we left the screw mount on top. Unscrew that highest bar, and you'll be left with the action cam three-prong. Below that you have the rotating section which is tightened by the lowest most screw. All that is very solid and secure, but we're always going to prefer metal in joints like these - especially if you put an expensive DSLR or GoPro on there.
And in terms of compactivity (yes, that is a new word), both are pretty good. The Manfrotto pole is longer, but also thinner, while the PNY pole folds up shorter, but is much wider. This all depends on what kind of space you have, and what you prefer to carry. Remember, the PNY pole comes with a carabina so you can hang it from your bag, but the Manfrotto pole can be easily slipped into a pocket.
And the winner? Well, this is tough one, because overall we preferred the PNY Action Pole, but only because of the adjustable length of the pole. However (and this is another big and resounding 'however') the RRP of the PNY stick is £39, compared to Manfrotto's price of (at time of press) £19.99. Yes, you can't pick your length, but you're paying half as much.
Okay, nailed it. For photographers and vloggers, go for Manfrotto. Your heavier, more expensive cameras will (possibly) be safer on the Off road Stunt Pole. Action cammers and people filming with smaller, lighter cameras in adventure situations, go for the PNY. There, kind of decided.


You're in a career you love but want to move up the ladder. You're stuck in what feels like a dead-end job and want to jump ship, but you don't know where you'll land. You love learning and are longing for the chance to challenge yourself and learn something new. You recognize the world is changing quickly, and you want to have the latest skills to keep up.
Does one or more of these statements apply to you? If so, consider going back to school as an adult. Earning a degree as a working adult can be the catalyst for an exhilarating journey that has the potential to advance your skills and position, boost your salary, or support a whole new career path. And if you choose to take this journey, you'll be in good company: in 2015, 8.1 million students 25 years old and over were enrolled in college and university.
From test-taking tips to how to talk to your supervisor about going back to school, this guide will help you take the first step toward campus, courses, and a whole new chapter in your life.
Don't live near a campus or have time to commute? That's no longer a barrier for adults going back to college. There are an increasing number of online degree and certificate programs offered by well-established and reputable, non-profit universities that are available for working adults and other learners who are seeking a more convenient way to complete their schooling. Here are a few reasons why online college is a great option for adults working full time and going to school.
When you're taking online classes, you typically don't have to worry about making it to class on time. Online classes offered in asynchronous formats provide flexibility for you to finish coursework on your own schedule within provided time frames each week. Regardless of whether you're an early bird or a night owl, or only have time to complete coursework on weekends, online classes are usually always accessible.
While there will be deadlines to meet and scheduled exams, online classes offer the convenience for you to schedule in your schooling when it works for you. Furthermore, you can choose how many courses you want to take at a time, and many online students pursue their degree part-time in order to continue working.
Learning from home may help save you both time and money. You likely already commute to work; why add more travel time, gas money, or transit fares into your day? Online courses provide virtual classrooms that allow you to interact with your instructors and classmates—from the comfort of your home or office.
Extra education can lead to better job and financial prospects, as many employers are likely to recognize and appreciate your commitment to furthering your education and learning new skills. You may also be fortunate enough to work for a company that offers to cover some or all of your tuition if your coursework is related to your current role. If you're looking to move into management, for example, higher education may grant you the qualifications needed to one day make that leap.
It may not be financially feasible for you to quit your job and go to school full time. An online degree program gives you the flexibility to pursue a bachelor's degree, master's degree or doctorate while maintaining your regular work schedule.
Not having to register for a full course load at once means you can pursue your education in a time frame that allows you to effectively balance not only your time but also your checkbook. There are also many scholarships available for adults going back to college.
As an adult going back to college, you're not alone. A 2016 survey found that online undergrad and graduate students are 29 and 33 years old on average, respectively. Going back to school can help you to form or expand professional networks and meet new people in new industries.
Are you considering making the leap into a new career or industry? Taking classes online allows you to gain the skills and education you'll need to transition into a new field while maintaining your current job.
If it's been a while since you were last in school, you'll likely notice technology has changed quite a bit! When enrolled in an online degree program, you may be required to use different learning management systems, as well as other computer and online programs that may be unfamiliar to you. Improved computer literacy can benefit you in the digitally-connected world in which we live.
Working full time and going to school isn't without its own set of challenges. Time management will become a crucial element to your success at work, home, and school, and you will also have to learn to balance deadlines, multiple assignments, and exams.
Here are some tips that can help you effectively balance the demands of work, home, and school.
Going back to school as a working adult is a rewarding choice, but it's one that requires both time and commitment. That's one of the reasons why online schooling is such a great option if you're working full time. These are some things that can help you become a time management pro as you navigate this new chapter in your life.
Get a day planner or scheduling app. Catalog all your to-do's for school, work, and the rest of your life in one place so you always have an idea of what's on your plate and how much time you'll need to dedicate to each task.
Prioritize. One exam, two papers, an approaching deadline at work… Where do you begin? Once you've listed everything that's coming up in the next week or month, you'll be better prepared to determine which tasks need your immediate attention and which ones can wait.
Compromise. You may encounter situations where it simply isn't possible to get everything done at once. In these situations, consider what is most important to you. Start there, and work on your tasks in order of priority.
Be realistic with the demands on your time. You may not be able to grab after-work drinks or dinner with colleagues as often as you used to. Consider time-blocking in your schedule: Set out specific blocks of time during each day or week to devote to certain tasks, whether that's housework, exam prep, or simply relaxing and spending time with friends and family.
There are a number of things you can do to help ensure that going back to school as an adult doesn't add additional stress to your life.
Form study groups. There's a good chance that other people in your program are in a situation that's similar to yours: going to work full time and balancing those demands with school. By connecting with those people—even virtually—you can ask questions about coursework, get support when needed, and develop a sense of community.
Approach test taking with ease. Exams and other tests can certainly heighten your stress levels, but it's also possible to reduce those anxieties. When you're taking a test, take your time. Read the instructions—and the questions—carefully, answer the questions you know first, and then return to focus on the more difficult ones.
Don't procrastinate. Have a few pending assignments, including one that you really don't want to complete? Do that one first, and feel the stress lift off your shoulders.
When you're working and going to school, it's easy to let some basic things fall by the wayside. However, this busy schedule means that maintaining healthy eating habits, exercising regularly, and sleeping enough become particularly important. Proper sleep and nutrition can increase your test-taking success, and exercise can be a great way to relieve stress, relax your mind, and refresh your focus.
Going back to school as an adult will be a change not only for you but also for your family and colleagues. That's why it's important to have open communication with everyone in your life about what you're doing. Talk with your supervisor and explain to that individual that you've enrolled in some classes or a degree program, and be sure to reassure him or her that your new adventure won't detract from the quality of your work. That openness may lead to extra support or flexibility from your supervisor, and your company may have financial support to offer as well.
At home, the way you spend your time may shift. Rather than relaxing after dinner with your spouse, you may have assignments to complete. Some weekend chores may need to be postponed while you're finishing an assignment. Additionally, your friends may wonder why you're suddenly a lot less available for getting together.
Be proud of your commitment to your classes, and be sure to let those who are important to you know about this exciting development.
Most working adults don't have the time to attend a university or college full time or enroll in a traditional degree program. Fortunately for adults like you interested in getting back to the books, there are some more flexible options out there.
It's possible to earn your degree without setting foot on a university or college campus. Many schools offer degree programs at the bachelor, master and doctorate level that are 100 percent online. These programs are ideal for working adults who don't have the time to get to a campus and prefer to pursue their studies from home.
Many schools offer an accelerated degree program that allows students to complete their degrees in a much shorter time frame than usual. Classes run year-round, with no breaks between semesters. These types of programs—where you can earn a degree in as little as 12 to 18 months—are worth considering if you are looking to get in, get your degree, and get out!
Weekend and evening classes offer working adults the chance to complete their courses without having to disrupt their regular work schedules. By enrolling in one or two courses per semester, adult learners can effectively balance the demands of a full-time job with their studies. These types of classes are right for you if you are seeking a way to attend classes in person while still going to work.
A blended degree program gives you the best of both worlds, as you get the face-to-face interaction of on-campus schooling and the flexibility afforded by online coursework. A blended degree program is ideal if you value in-person interactions with your peers and instructors, as well as the ability to work from home or your office online. Many blended programs feature an on-campus portion of the semester, which is then followed by online course completion.
Flexible degree programs offer more than one way for students to earn their degrees. Traditional degree programs often have students complete their studies in a set time frame, such as two to four years. But with a flexible program, the time frame is little more open. Some programs, for instance, offer students the chance to complete a degree program in five years instead of four. A flexible time frame like this allows a student to spread out their course-load, making it a little easier to balance their work and personal responsibilities.
You want to move up that corporate ladder. Or you want to move on to doing something completely different in your career. So why not climb higher with your education?
To learn more about how you can start the process of going back to school for a bachelor's, master's, or doctorate degree, do your research and contact an enrollment advisor today. With the support of friends and family, financial assistance from various organizations, and the guidance of a school counselor and an enrollment advisor, you'll be well prepared to take control of your future.


Terry Moran served as Secretary of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Australia's most senior public servant position, from 2008 to 2011. As Secretary, Terry was responsible for leading the work of the Department on national security and international policy; environment, industry and economic policy; social policy and reforms negotiated by the Council of Australian Governments; and coordination of government administration, including Cabinet support. During the global financial crisis in 2008 and 2009, he helped to lead the development of Australia's highly successful policy responses. He also chaired the Advisory Group on the Reform of Australian Government Administration, which developed a blueprint for reform of the Australian Public Service. Prior to joining PM&C, Terry held a number of senior positions at state and federal level, including Secretary of the Department of Premier and Cabinet in Victoria, Director-General of Education in Queensland and CEO of the Australian National Training Authority. In 2012 Terry was named a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) for "eminent service to the community through public sector leadership, as a significant contributor to policy development, program delivery and effective governance, and to the implementation of contemporary government administration". Terry is also Chair of the NSW Barangaroo Delivery Authority, Chair of the Melbourne Theatre Company, a member of CEDA's Board of Governors, and a Special Adviser at the Boston Consulting Group.


Weekly Luncheon Club and Signposting Service as well as running organised coach trips and outings. Anyone in Harworth and Bircotes interested in attending please contact the Secretary.
Our friendly lunch club is a good opportunity to meet new people. We offer hot nutritious meals and a range of activities.


With these felt ornaments you can enjoy the look of antique ornaments without worrying about breaking them.
Create templates based on antique ornament designs. Fold the cardboard in half and draw half of the ornament along the folded edge to create a symmetrical shape. Create a top for the ornament if desired. NOTE: I looked online for inspiration.
Attach the templates to the felt using rolls of tape. Cut out each shape.
Sew the top to the ornament using coordinating embroidery floss.


Public notice advertisements published in newspapers that alert citizens of important events in their community are "pushed" into millions of Utah households. These published public notices inform not just the political insiders who might occasionally visit a government website or sign up for mailed alerts, or even those with a direct stake in the matter, but the entire community.
• Publication is verifiable (by way of an affidavit of publication by the newspaper)..
This website is designed to provide increased value to the public by providing a snapshot of public notices published throughout Utah in a convenient and searchable format and at no cost to the taxpayer.


Rereading the Fellowship of the Ring this fine spring I've been struck by Frodo's journey as the hero of the story. Most particularly, how there is very little of said journey at the start. Learning of his Ring and the gathering darkness outside the Shire he recoils in horror. He didn't choose to have the Ring and despite Gandalf's assurance that he was 'meant' to have it, no sign of courage seems to spark in his heart.
There is much he now must do. But each thing he procrastinates into the last moment. He clings to his birthday tradition, to every shred of comfort, saying goodbye slowly. He lingers. There is little urgency and whether facing neighbors, the Sackville-Baggins, Black Riders, Farmer Maggot, or even his own friends he avoids and delays confrontation. This is no flight from the Shire. His friends in fact show more cunning and bravery than he, conspiring to protect and attend to him even if he won't do so himself.
Frodo appears as a character filled with regret and depression. Doubting. Second guessing. Pretending he would leave his friends behind to protect them, but appearing more like he rather not have a tough conversation. Not even the prospect of seeing Bilbo again gets his feet moving. He has some head knowledge and wisdom and can speak with Elves, but little else to recommend him. Certainly nothing to justify Gandalf and Bilbo's high regarding for him.
In fact, faced with his first true test against Old Man Willow it is Sam who shows some sense and bravery. Frodo ultimately runs away crying for help. Throughout the story Frodo even ignores good advice from Gandalf, Gilder, Farmer Maggot, and Tom Bombadil. This may be the journey he is meant to go on, but he does not do so willingly or wisely.
He says as much himself: "I wish the ring had never come to me. I wish none of this had happened"
To which Gandalf replies: "So do all who live to see such times. But that is not for us to decide. All we have to decide is what to do with the time that is given us."
Frodo seems determined to not decide. Like you or I drafted into such a perilous quest he resists. He objects. The addition of years has matured him little from his days as a mushroom thief.
But then the Hobbits get caught by the Barrow-wight. And here at last Frodo is alone. His friends are in a frozen enchantment. Doom crawls like a spider around the corner. And he is awake. Why? Why was he not frozen like the others?
Then the thought took me, is it because of the Ring? As the greater power, did the ring give him some resistance to the Barrow-wight's spell? And now it feeds on him, offering him what he wants most - escape. Just slip it on and vanish. He could run free on the grass. Even Gandalf would agree there was nothing he could do. He would mourn his friends - but he would be free and alive.
And here, perhaps, we see the Ring undone ultimately by its own power. For while it could feed his selfishness and inflate his sense of being a victim of circumstance - it may even be able to offer protection from death. It could only do so by robbing him of his honor and his friends. And here, finally, we see the same spark Gandalf and Bilbo saw in Frodo kindle into a flame. He puts the ring away, takes the sword, approaches the enemy, and hews the Barrow-wight no thought of himself. Here, at the very last, he decides. He may not have hope of victory or escape, but he will do what he can with the time that is given to him.
This is the hero's choice - fleeing from comfort towards trial. Sacrificing for what is sacred. Risking for what is right.


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Fiscal Policy, Labor Markets, and the Poor
IMF Working Paper No. 90/62
32 Pages Posted: 15 Feb 2006
See all articles by Mario I. Blejer
Mario I. Blejer
Central Bank of Argentina
Ke-young Chu
International Monetary Fund (IMF) - Fiscal Affairs Department
Date Written: July 1990
In designing policy measures, including possible social safety nets, targeted to the poor, it is important to fully understand the efficiency implications of these measures. There is abundant macroeconomic literature on their negative effects on the poor`s work effort. The literature, however, does not adequately recognize the positive effects of these measures on improved nutrition and health of the poor or on aggregate supply. This paper presents an analytical framework to trace both the positive efficiency implications, as well as the resource (or cost) implications of such policies.
JEL Classification: 0820, 0914
Blejer, Mario I. and Chu, Ke-young, Fiscal Policy, Labor Markets, and the Poor (July 1990). IMF Working Paper No. 90/62, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=884893
Mario I. Blejer (Contact Author)
Reconquista 266
Edificio Central, piso 7
International Monetary Fund (IMF) - Fiscal Affairs Department ( email )
700 19th Street, NW


text:
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Why it matters to have a strong company culture
Over the last two years, many organisations have found themselves under enormous pressure to adapt to a rapidly changing world. During these times of uncertainty and recovery, the role of a robust company culture shouldn't be forgotten. By looking inward to find ways of overcoming challenges and promoting a unified company culture, organisations can move forward through uncertainty and emerge in a far stronger position than they were before.
Why is a strong company culture important?
Your company culture is defined by how your identity and core values unify your employees towards a single goal, and how your brand is represented in the public mind.
When an organisation has a strong and positive culture, employees understand their unique purpose and are motivated to give their best.
By inspiring employees and aligning organisational goals with core values, a strong culture creates a powerful environment for problem-solving, innovation, and agility. Essentially, a strong company culture creates an environment where everyone can get on board to achieve goals together.
What are the characteristics of a good company culture?
There is no one-size-fits-all company culture to adhere to. Instead, it's about ensuring that the culture actively works to support the growth and position of your organisation. In general terms, a strong company culture has the following elements:
Bold vision – An organisation's 'vision' outlines the core values of the company and what it wants to achieve, so everyone is working towards a common long-term goal. Simple, unambiguous, and grand, great company visions can be summed up in one sentence or phrase. Oxfam, for example, has "a just world without poverty". It is a straightforward and compelling statement about what they care about and what they're here to achieve.
Clear values – Clear values are next, providing a type of roadmap that not only attracts talent and investors who share those values but shows employees what matters in the workplace. Values shouldn't be vague or too general or they won't resonate. Instead, think of clear core ideas that people can unify behind and become excited about.
People power – A company culture means nothing if there aren't people who embody its values on a day-to-day basis. Employees need to feel empowered by the company culture and want to represent it by acting as brand ambassadors or 'cultural influencers' for new employees. When this is the case, employees are far more likely to be motivated, engaged and satisfied with their work.
Aligned practices – In a positive and robust work environment, company culture is backed up by practices that align with your mission and core values. These should be designed so that employees can be supported at every level in their efforts to embody the company culture.
If you are unsure about the strength of your organisational culture, we have a useful article on how to measure organisational culture, complete with actionable, practical methods of achieving this.
What are the benefits of company culture?
A strong organisational culture has many benefits, with the most notable being:
Talent acquisition – A positive company culture is foundational to your Employer Value Proposition (EVP), showing potential employees who you are, what you stand for, and why they would want to work with you. A strong culture will not only help attract new hires but it can be influential during the onboarding process, as new hires will better understand expectations whilst also connecting with their peers over shared goals and values.
Lower employee turnover – High turnover rates often reflect a poor organisational culture. This is because when organisational values aren't clear or aligned with employee values, people are more likely to become disengaged and seek out a job where they feel as though their role has more clarity and purpose.
Higher employee morale and engagement – A strong purpose and vision, when matched by meaningful practices, provides great support to employees, helping them further their own careers and find meaning in their role. This motivates people to be more engaged, enthusiastic and dedicated to their work.
A stronger public image of your brand – Organisational culture has a powerful impact on how the public sees your brand. When you tell people who you are and can back your vision up with practices, projects and achievements that support it, you build authenticity, trust, and respect amongst the general public.
How a company culture attracts and retains talent
When a company culture is working, it brings existing employees together under a single banner and attracts new hires who want to be a part of this vision. 77% of people consider a company's culture before applying for a job, and half of all surveyed workers in the US, UK, France and Germany feel that a good culture is more important than the salary itself.
The stronger your company culture, the better your access to great employees who share these values which in turn makes your culture even more impactful. This creates a cycle that can develop into an effective and rewarding team development and talent funnel.
A good example of the power of a strong, positive workplace culture for attracting and retaining talent is AstraZeneca. According to Glassdoor, the company has been voted the best place to work in the UK by employees - and their culture is directly cited as a key reason for this. In their drive to innovate and lead the industry, they actively promote diversity and inclusion, and the hiring process includes value-based questions to ensure that their culture and values are supported by the people they hire.
If your company culture is not working, the effects can be significantly reversed. Employees who feel unsupported or undervalued in their role, who feel their values are being compromised or their work does not have a meaningful purpose are more likely to become disengaged or leave. And these effects should not be underestimated – around 1 in 5 UK employees have left their place of work as a direct result of negative company culture.
This has a significant impact on geographic, gender, and generational diversity, affecting the ability of an organisation to hold onto talent in specific, key demographics. Reports show that in London alone, 36% of employees left their job due to a culture issue, 23% of women and 23.5% of 18–34-year-olds in the UK chose to leave a company for reasons relating to toxic workplace culture. All in, toxic workplace culture or poor workplace culture is costing the economy an astonishing £15.7 billion each year.
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These classes are helpful to those separated, divorcing or ending a love relationship and are intended for individuals, rather than couples. They provide both education and support. Come the first night, with no obligation, to see if the class is a fit for you.
Led by Beth and/or Paul Walker. Beth is a Certified Professional Coach, providing premarital, relationship and individual coaching. Paul is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker working with individuals, couples and families in private practice.
Required texts: "Rebuilding: When Your Relationship Ends" (3rd ed.) and "Rebuilding Workbook" (2nd ed.), Bruce Fisher.
Cost $250 – Partial scholarships available.
Please contact the Child Care Coordinator at 303-794-2683, ext.151.


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October 9, 2020 0Comments admin
Parshat Vezot HaBracha / Simchat Torah
Sponsored by Rabbi Moshe and Chana Gorin in memory of Mendy Gorin – Menachem Mendel ben Elchanan. May his Neshama have an Aliyah.
To sponsor or subscribe, please email rabbicitron@hotmail.com
Parsha Halacha is underwritten by a grant from Dr. Stephen and Bella Brenner in loving memory of Stephen's father, Shmuel Tzvi ben Pinchas, and Bella's parents, Avraham ben Yitzchak and Leah bas HaRav Sholom Zev HaCohen
When calling up the Chatan Torah to receive the final aliyah of the Torah, the gabbai reads an introduction which praises the Torah in various ways. Here is some of that introduction:
"Who has given us life to… rejoice in the rejoicing of the Torah which gladdens the heart, brightens the eyes, grants us life and wealth, honor and beauty… that lengthens the days and adds strength to those who love it, guard it… toil in it and preserve it with love and fear."
Apropos to the fact that the Torah gives strength and long life, this article will focus on the healing powers of the Torah.
A Cure for Headache and all Aches
The Talmud (Eiruvin 54a) says, "Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi says… One who feels pain in his head should engage in Torah study, as it says (Proverbs 1:9), 'For they shall be a graceful wreath for your head.' One who feels pain in his throat should engage in Torah study, as it says (ibid), 'And a necklace about your neck.' One who feels pain in his stomach should engage in Torah study, as it is says, 'It shall be health to your navel (Proverbs 3:8).' One who feels pain in his bones should engage in Torah study, as it says, 'And marrow to your bones (ibid).' One who feels pain in his entire body should engage in Torah study, as it says, "And health to all their flesh (Proverbs 4:22).'"
No Visitors
The Maharsha explains that, in fact, the Torah heals all illnesses. The Talmud chooses these as examples because one who has these ailments does not usually accept visitors, as the Talmud says (Nedarim 41a), one should not visit a person with intestinal pain (as it can embarrass the sick person) or a person with a headache (as it is difficult for them to converse). Therefore, those who suffer from these ailments are deprived of the healing benefits of such visits. (See Bava Metziah 30b that visiting the sick can somewhat lessen their illness.) However, Torah study can help cure these ailments.
The commentaries offer various explanations as to how Torah study heals illnesses:
Close to Hashem
The Pri Megadim (Eishel Avraham O.C. 239:7) explains that the Torah does not heal directly. Rather, it causes a person to cleave to Hashem since G-d's presence is most acutely felt within the confines (four cubits) of Halacha (see Brachot 8a). When a person is connected to G-d, he is automatically more protected from suffering.
Torah Atones Just As Suffering Atones
Rabbi Shlomo Kluger explains (Responsa Ha'ElefLecha Shlomo O.C. 358) that suffering is often visited upon a person to atone for his sins. The Talmud (Menachot 110a) says that Torah study also atones for sins. As such, by studying Torah one can achieve the same atonement that is accomplished through suffering, and thus one no longer needs to suffer.
Every Mitzvah Corresponds to a Different Limb
According to our sages each positive mitzvah corresponds to a different limb of one's body, and each negative command corresponds to a different blood vessel. As such, when one has an illness, one simply needs to study the aspect of the Torah that discusses the mitzvah which corresponds to the affected limb and begin to observe that mitzvah in a more exemplary manner, and he will be healed (Iyun Ya'akov). (See also Nefesh Hachayim 4:29)
Spiritual Maladies
The Ben Ish Chai interprets this Talmudic teaching (in the Ben Yehoyada) as referring to spiritual maladies. Specifically,
"One who has a headache" refers to one who is arrogant (and "holds his head high"). Torah study will assist him in achieving humility, as we learn in Pirkei Avot (6:1) "And it cloaks him with humility and fear of Heaven."
Lashon Hara
"One who has pain in his throat" alludes to one who engages in slanderous talk (lashonhara) which begins in the throat. He should heal this by studying Torah which will teach him to mend his treacherous speech, as it says (Proverbs 15:4) "The Tree of Life (Torah) is a healing for the tongue."
Forbidden Foods
One who sinned and consumed forbidden foods (this is referred to as "one who has an ache in his stomach") should repent and heal this blemish by studying Torah. The Torah is compared to various foods, as it says (Proverbs 9:5), "Come, partake of My bread and drink of the wine I have mingled." As such, it can heal the blemishes caused by consuming forbidden foods.
Improper Relationships
One who sinned in matters of improper relationships (or mingling) of men and women should atone for this by increasing in Torah study. The Talmud alludes to this sin when it says "one who has an ache in his bones." A "bone" refers to one's wife as the verse (Gen. 2:23) says that Adam (the first man) referred to Chava (his wife) and said, "This time, it is bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh." Studying Torah can repair such sins since the Torah is compared to a wife (of the Jewish people) and enables one to spiritually procreate.
Sins that Affect the Soul
"One who has an ache in his entire body" refers to one who has not repaired his soul properly. The soul is referred to as a "body" since the Talmud (Avodah Zarah 5a) says that our souls are stored in the Heavenly treasury called "guf" – body. One can go about repairing one's soul by studying Torah which has the power to repair all spiritual deficiencies.
Know What to Learn
Rabbi Levi Yitzchak of Berdichov explains (Kedushat Levi, Likutim, 141) that there are certain sections of the Torah that are a segulah (spiritually propitious) to heal headaches, other sections to heal throat aches, and the same is true for all the limbs of one's body. (See above that each mitzvah corresponds to a certain limb.) There is also a section of the Torah that has the power to heal any and all of the maladies that one may have. Most people do not know which section is appropriate to study for their particular illness. This is why one should go to a tzadik (a righteous sage) who can instruct one as to what he should study.
Using Torah for Healing
The commentaries question the above teaching in light of the fact that elsewhere in the Talmud Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi says (Shavu'ot 15b) that one may not utilize the Torah for healing purposes.
Here are several of the answers offered by the commentaries:
Although the Torah is a remedy for all ailments, one should not specifically learn with the intent that he be healed. Rather he should study Torah for the sake of Heaven, and the Torah will "do its work" and heal him (Maharsha).
The Talmud here is referring to a person who is just starting to get sick. He can then study Torah which will prevent the illness from becoming serious (ibid).
The Talmud in Shavu'ot which forbids using Torah for healing is referring to one who chants verses and expects them to "magically" cure him. This is not appropriate as he is "using the Torah" for his own personal benefit. On the other hand, the Talmud in Eiruvin permits Torah study to heal illnesses as it is referring to one who studies the Torah earnestly with the intent to observe it. This earnest kind of study and observance is actually eradicating the spiritual root of his illness and, as such, is entirely appropriate (Iyun Ya'akov). [I.e., One who studies Torah in this manner is connecting himself to Hashem in a deeper way through the Torah. The healing is simply a byproduct of this deeper spiritual connection to G-d.]
The Shevet Musar (chapter 22) says that the Talmud doesn't mean that if one has a headache and he studies Torah that he will be healed as we see that this is not always effective. Rather, the Talmud means that one who has a headache should study Torah despite his pain. The same applies to one who has other illnesses; he should strengthen himself and study Torah despite his pain. If one does this, G-d will surely repay him in kind and heal him of his malady.
According to the Iyun Yakov, when the Talmud says that one who feels pain in his head "should engage in Torah study ( יַעֲסוֹק בְּתוֹרָה)," it doesn't mean he should actually study Torah as this may not be possible because of his pain and illness. Rather, it means that he should involve himself in Torah matters. For example, the Talmud (Eiruvin 28b) says that when Rabbi Zeira was too weak to study, he would instead place himself outside the study hall so that he could stand up in honor of the rabbis as they entered and exited.
Don't Mistake a Headache for a Foot Ache
Sometimes a person has an illness in his head, but it manifests itself as a pain in his foot. A competent doctor will recognize this and will treat the source of the illness in the head which will cause the pain in the foot to disappear whereas less competent doctors might waste time and energy treating the symptom instead of the root cause.
Spiritually too, a person may have a weakness in a certain mitzvah which can affect him in various ways. For example, one may be deficient in Torah study which is considered a headache. This may cause him to lose some of his parnassah (income) which is referred to as a "foot ache" as a person's livelihood enables him to "stand up" in this world. Instead of focusing on his business affairs and trying to fix them, the person should fix the source of the problem by rededicating himself to Torah study. Once this problem is corrected, his parnassah will automatically be blessed (Likutei Divrei Yisrael, Pinchas, quoted in Kaftor VaFerach in the Metivta Shas on Eiruvin, ibid).
Wishing you a Shabbat Shalom UMevorach, a Chag Same'ach and a Good Year!
January 3, 2020 0Comments admin
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