I recently returned from eleven days in Iran. Before I went, friends told me I was crazy to go. They said I'd meet a lot of anti-American hostility. I'd be in danger, even.
I don't want this article to become a list of what Iran isn't. That reminds me too much of my first interests in the country. I write fiction books for children and young adults. In 1999, I decided to write the tale of Beauty and the Beast from the lion's point of view. My searching through older versions of the story led to one by Charles Lamb, in which the lion says he is a prince from Persia and a wicked fairy put a spell on him. So I plunged into research on Iran: political and daily history, food, music, language, literature, fine arts, and, of course, religion. When I went to web sites on Islam, I found that many began with a list of what Islam is not. These were defensive, trying to dispel popular misperceptions. When I went to books on Islam, many likewise included a list of myths about the religion, showing how they were wrong. It made me sad to think the authors expected their readers to have been misinformed, and even sadder to admit that I, one of their readers, was, indeed, misinformed. Sites and books on Christianity do not, in general, begin by trying to disabuse the public of misconceptions.
So here's what I did find, rather than what I didn't.
Barry Furrow (my husband) and I got off the plane in Tehran and were met by Elvand (Hossein Ebrahimi), one of the best known translators from English into Farsi in Iran and the translator of my YA novel BEAST. A small group accompanied him. Later I learned they were a mix of employees of the House of Translation, children's writers, and representatives of the government. We were guests of the Ministry of Islamic Culture and Guidance, and for much of our trip, representatives from the ministry stayed with us.
We went to the hotel for tea (a pleasure we indulged in several times a day thereafter) and Elvand presented me with the gift of a scarf (it was my birthday - Feb. 28, 2005). The sequins on it delighted me and I quickly donned it in favor of the plain black shawl I'd brought from the US. From the moment I got off the plane till the moment I left Iran, I wore a scarf covering every wisp of my head hair. The women I saw in Iran, however, ranged from covering their heads and entire bodies except their hands and feet and face with a chador (usually plain black, but sometimes in lovely patterns and colors), to covering only the major part of their hair with a small, often glittery, scarf (letting bangs show and sometimes even curls from behind) and wearing otherwise fairly ordinary clothes with a long-sleeve jacket that went down at least to their knees.
That afternoon we visited the Institute for Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults. I sat with children aged 4 to 7 and watched them paint and interact with their teachers, while their parents waited out in the hall. This is a free, government-run, enrichment program, found throughout Iran. I am no stranger to children's artwork - I have five children, I worked in preschools for nine years, and I now do author visits to dozens of schools a year. But these children's artwork amazed me in two ways: it was exuberantly colorful, and it was invariably imbued with a developed sense of geometric design. The black clothing on the street was deceptive to the foreigner's eye. It's clear that inside the Iranian home these children are surrounded by the wonderful colors typical of Persian rugs and miniatures. They revel in them. Small children wear bright colors in public. But at the age of 9, girls switch to covering their hair.
That last bit, about things changing at 9 years old, brings me to an important issue. In Iran, a female is marriageable as of 9 years old. Marrying a nine-year old, however, is clearly an abuse - and it's recognized as an abuse in Iran as much as it is elsewhere. Women get married in Iran - not little girls. Yes, undoubtedly there are pedophiles in Iran, just as there are in America. Yes, some children suffer in Iran, just as they do in America. But the ordinary female gets married as an adult, just as in America.
After the Institute, we went to a museum that had artifacts going back as far as 5000 years (tablets in cuneiform, gold cups and jewelry, statues, Kufic script used in the ancient Arab world - though Iran is not an Arab country) and then to a ceramics and glassware museum. The way objects are set up in the museums is itself something to appreciate. Objects are arranged in columns that represent the columns of some famous building, perhaps at Persepolis or elsewhere. Strategically placed mirrors allow views from every side. Sand under pottery gives you a sense of where things were found. Lessons from my old grade school textbooks on the Tigris and the Euphrates areas as the cradle of western civilization came back to me. If you want to talk about countries with a long and pivotal history for mankind, Iran's your topic. Every map of the Silk Road features several cities of Iran.
The next day we visited mosques and a carpet museum and I'm not sure what else. Jet lag was getting to me. (Iran is 8 and a half hours later than East Coast time.) All I know is that the days were full of meals of kabob and delicious rice, and people I smiled at, who quickly burst into smiles back at me, and cars that drove in alarming ways. Stoplights in Iran seem to be a suggestion; stop signs a joke. I wouldn't dare cross a street alone in the capital. Gullies along the sides of the street carry water from the nearby mountains. You cross them on little bridges or, if bold, leap them. Women exchange laughter as they negotiate their paths. And often men and women walk together. Muslim men and women can and do shake hands in Iran, even in public, although, as guests of the Ministry, the women in our group were not allowed to do so. But I found that the women I met were surprised and happy at my hugs and kisses, which they warmly returned.
We flew on to Isfahan, which I think of as the blue city because of the color of the ceramics on the mosques and hotels and even on ordinary walls in the shopping districts. Isfahan has 4 million people, but after the 10 million of Tehran and the traffic and pollution of the capital (though there are beautiful snow-capped mountains to the north), it felt small and serene. There are mountains near Isfahan, too, but the land is mostly flat with palm trees. It made me think of Tucson. The hotel we stayed in was a palace (literally, in the past) with a magnificent courtyard of fountains overlooked by mosaic-covered balconies.
The main town square is enormous, larger than any square I've seen, except perhaps Tien An Men Square in Beijing. We went to a mosque that has more tiles than any other mosque in the world. Magnificent. It made me want to cover my home in tiles. There were two central domes, one inside the other, with space between them. The imam stands beneath the double dome and calls out, and the construction is such that even if he talks in an ordinary voice, everyone can hear his call to prayer from anywhere in the square. The columns here are built in two parts, one on top of the other, with a layer of soft lead in between, so that they can flex in an earthquake, without breaking. We climbed a minaret in pitch black (I'd have been terrified if I was alone), so many steps up, to emerge on a breathtaking view of Isfahan in every direction.
"We," at that point, meant Meghan Nuttall-Sayres (another American children's writer), Jamila Gavin (a British children's writer), Elvand, Barry, and I, a couple of Iranian children's writers whose names I never saw written down, and a few people from the government, who were supposed to watch how foreigners behave. But we became friends with the government men, and one of them wound up bargaining for me as I bought a backgammon game in the Isfahan square. They weren't really censoring us; they couldn't. Usually they knew little English, and since the Americans and Brits among us spoke no Farsi, they had close to no idea of what we said to each other and to the Iranians we interacted with. Rather, they seemed to be most concerned that we enjoyed ourselves and weren't pestered by anyone.
Isfahan has three bridges. We went on two of them. Both had a top level for traffic and a bottom level for other things. The traffic these days is all on foot or bicycle, but it used to be carts and donkeys and lots of sheep and goats, so there are narrow side passages where only people, single-file, can fit and be safe from hooves. The bottom level of the oldest bridge had low, enclosed rooms with windows that looked out over the river. Carpets covered the floor and part way up the walls. We took off our shoes, crawled in, drank tea, and smoked apple-flavored tobacco through hookas. I am not a smoker; never have been. But I smoked for the camaraderie of it just this one time. Smoking is a social event; people share hookas and tell stories. In all the time I was there, I saw only one Iranian smoking other than from a hooka in a tea house, and that was the driver of our van in Kerman (the next city we visited), who smoked even as he filled the van with fuel (diesel, but hey).
The bottom level of the other Isfahan bridge had a string of alcoves where young adults met at night. Men sang, surprisingly well, and sometimes the crowd that gathered around them (men and women) joined in for the chorus. The songs were about love, and generally they were banned from radio and public establishments. But no one bothered these groups of people under the bridge. We swayed to the music and watched the lights shine on the water. And the government men swayed right along with us.
Iran is a country of orality. Songs live. And the storytelling tradition lives. People say whatever they think, freely, to each other and to strangers. Taxi drivers often disseminate the daily news as they maneuver through traffic. The Internet quickly spreads the word. The press, however, is not free; but it hardly matters. Iranians are wired. They walk the streets glued to their cell phones. They check their computers often. They turn on their satellite TVs.
Many of the people I talked to were on the list of people I was supposed to meet: publishers, writers, illustrators, translators, educators, and government representatives. But I talked to just as many who were not on anyone's list. For example, in the bathroom of a large library in Isfahan a young woman came up to me and asked me where I was from. We walked out of the bathroom talking. Soon she called over some of her friends. For the next hour I stood talking with students who were in the university or studying for the entrance exams or in high school. They wanted to know what I thought of the situation between Iran and the United States. And they wanted to tell me what they thought.
Most of these women were studying science. The one who first approached me loved mathematics and wanted to know whether I thought a career in civil engineering or electrical engineering was better. Another was a chemist. And so it went. Later, when we flew on to Kerman, we visited a junior high and I asked what people wanted to become. More than half the girls had science careers in mind. And my Iranian friends confirmed for me the fact that many women work in science. They know what's going on in other places in the world; they want to be part of the larger world.
These people and the other people I met (often just at random in the bazaar) range from being fervently Muslim to being atheists, but their religion didn't seem to correlate with any particular attitude toward non-Muslims. Not once did anyone say anything negative about another religion to me. And they never put me on the defensive for being American. Iranian society has more variety in it than I had realized (despite having checked out a number of sources before I went - one of the more comprehensive of which can be found at: http://www.irantravelingcenter.com/iran_information.htm.) We visitors were interviewed for magazines, newspapers, radio, and TV. One of the interviewers I spent quite a bit of time with is a third generation Iranian of Armenian descent: a Christian. One of the interpreters we got to be dear friends with is a Kurd. We met one of his friends, who is Zoroastrian. All of them seemed to be as integrated into Iranian society as anyone else. I met no Jews, though around 40,000 live in Iran today. It's been twenty-six years since the revolution, and cultural and religious diversity is definitely present in this country.
In Kerman we visited an orphanage. There I asked the double question that had become my standard by then: what are your fears, what are your hopes? One girl told me her worst fears were earthquakes and George Bush. When I could finally manage to speak again, I simply whispered, "I'm sorry." Kerman is just a couple of hours drive away from Bam, where an earthquake killed 50,000 out of the population of 100,000 a little over a year ago. It is also less than half an hour away from another town where an earthquake hit just this February. So the fear of earthquakes is strong. There's a lot of suffering in Iran. To think that my president (and I didn't vote for him, but I'm American, so he's my president) was as frightening to these children as an earthquake took my breath away in shame. They know the famous speech in which Bush called Iran part of the "axis of evil." I have not visited Iraq or North Korea, so I cannot make a comparison. But the Iranian people are no axis of evil.
The distinction between a government and a people is important. The government of Iran is repressive; the laws stifle in ways Americans can hardly imagine. But, from what I can tell, that government has loosened up in the years since the revolution, allowing more daily freedoms every day, not with changing laws, but with simply not enforcing them. It's no surprise: the people are warm and open, both intellectually and emotionally - too warm and open to be easily controlled. They do not wish evil on other countries. They want what all of us want: to live decent lives, to see their children thrive, to have peace and harmony. In fact, after so many young women had told me they wanted careers in response to my question about their hopes, I asked if anyone wanted to become a mother. The answer, after a quiet look of astonishment from many faces was firm: "It is everyone's dream to be a mother."
Before I go further, I must say that not everyone I talked to is afraid of George Bush. The political views expressed to me ranged. Iran was in an eight-year war with Iraq in the 1980's. At least a million Iranian boys (from age ten and up) and men died. Perhaps as many Iraqi boys and men died, as well. Most of the people I talked to hate Saddam Hussein. (The idea our government circulated a couple of years ago that Iran would have entered into cahoots with Saddam Hussein's regime is so absurd as to be obscene). Some of the people I talked with are glad that George Bush led us into a war against Iraq.
After the orphanage, we visited a middle school in Kerman. There a seventh grader said, "We are all studying English. Are American children all studying Farsi?" What American children even know where Farsi is spoken? Again, I felt like a bully - the American bully, whose culture everyone else in the world is expected to adapt to. My head spun.
We visited a day care center in Bam (way to the south, in desert) and sat with children who had lost one or both parents in the horrendous earthquake. Some had lost their entire extended families. The teacher showed us artwork the children had done, bearing little resemblance to the exuberant art of the children in Tehran. Some had photos of their dead classmates, which they drew various things around. For many months after the earthquake, children chose black paper to paint on. Now, more than a year later, they are painting on papers of all different colors. They have a "grief train" they ride on. They hold photos of their dead relatives and when they are ready, they are supposed to toss them away at a fixed place. The children can ride the train as often as they want, and no one tells them when to let go of the photos. The children went home, while the teacher kept talking to us, so I was free to let go myself. I cried continually as she showed us their artwork: the sun weeping, flowers on fire. And I marveled at how much this wonderful Muslim woman, this lady of mercy, dressed like and looked like the Catholic nuns of my childhood. I vowed to do something to help these children - and I am now involved in proposing a writing project, the royalties from which will go to the children of Bam.
Not everything was sad. We ate fessenjen, duck in a sauce of walnuts and pomegranate juice. Amazing. And ghorme sabze, a stew of lamb in spinach. And abgoosht, which you need an Iranian host to teach you how to eat properly, it is such a wonderful ritual. And Bhaghali pulo, small chunks of meat in rice with cranberries, pistachios, dill, and other herbs. The goat yogurt is the thickest and creamiest I've ever had. The nonalcoholic beers are a surprise, especially the lemon ones. The fizzy yogurt drinks made some of us happy (not me, though).
We visited the tomb of a famous Sufi poet, four hundred years old - a huge, intricately tiled place, with a magnificent garden. Then they took us to what they considered the real garden, with seven pools of water and little waterfalls from one to the next. It was stunning. We climbed a minaret again and had a view of desert with snow-covered mountains in a half ring around the town. We ended with a stroll around the summer guest house of the crown prince of Ahmad Shah (whose rule ended in 1920) at nearby Mahan. The next day we visited a Zoroastrian fire house, which was not a temple for worship, but rather a place where believers went to get fire when they needed it. It was made of mud, eggs, and camel milk (more easy to find than water) and rose out of the desert like a giant hive; it was over a thousand years old.
The trip culminated with the First International Children's Literature Festival at Kerman, which opened on March 8, 2005, and lasted four days. It was the reason I was invited to Iran in the first place. The two American authors and the British author all gave talks. And we joined up with a Palestinian author, Sonia Namr, who gave a talk. My husband, who is a law professor and acts as my literary agent, also gave a talk. And we all participated in round tables and workshops with Iranian authors and illustrators. The most remarkable thing about this conference was that the writers' most pressing concerns were identical, regardless of the country we hailed from. All of us worry about censorship, from the religious fundamentalists on the one hand, and the PC mongers on the other. We are squeezed from both sides, no matter what country (Iran, America, Britain, Palestine). We came from different backgrounds, but we understood each other so well, we could have finished each other's sentences.
I hardly slept the whole time I was in Iran, I was so excited by the things that happened every day. Everyone I met was kind to me. Iranians are marvelous people, they have a marvelous and long culture. It is my fervent hope that we Americans do no harm to this superb country.
Postscript on June 30, 2005: For more information about the plight of Bam, visit http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,3-1665400,00.html. I have written a picture book about Bam which will come out with Hyperion Books (they just accepted it in June, 2005). The illustrator is not yet chosen. Part of the author's proceeds will go to the day care center of Bam.
Napoli and her husband join a gathering of editors, interpreters, writers, and government officials in Tehran.
A group of preschoolers work on art at the Institute for Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults.
Napoli talks to young college students at a library in Isfahan.
Napoli talks to students at a middle school in Kerman.
Napoli presents at the First International Children's Festival at Kerman.


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10:12 am on Thursday February 11, 2010 | Posted by stepaheadinc
The Grand Strand Shines as Local Resort Named Tops in the Nation for Families
Families across the U.S. agree that Dunes Village Resort in Myrtle Beach, S.C., is one of the best in the country. TripAdvisor.com, a popular Web site that
lists traveler reviews, named the resort one of the Top Ten Family Resorts in
the United States.
Of the 10
hotels included on the list, Dunes Village, the only Myrtle Beach resort, was listed as
No. 5 along with resorts in New York City, San Diego, Charleston, Washington, D.C., and Hawaii. The resort also rates
fifth in the TripAdvisor popularity index that compares 231 hotels in the Myrtle Beach area.
Village Resort, located oceanfront in the northern end of Myrtle Beach, offers a variety of
family friendly amenities. They include two indoor waterparks for year-round play,
a silly submarine, a 250-foot lazy river, several pools, five spa tubs, four
adult-sized water slides and games like foosball, ping pong, pool and
basketball and tennis courts. They also offer a year-round Dunes Village Resort
Kidz program with arts and crafts, treasure hunts, pool games and other
TripAdvisor's
eighth annual Traveler's Choice awards honored more than 700 properties in the
organization's largest competition ever. Millions of opinions and reviews by
travelers using the TripAdvisor.com Web site determine the winners.
"We are so
excited that families chose us as one of their favorite accommodations across
the country," says Harold Barrett, general manager. "I think this
speaks to our wonderful staff, which does a phenomenal job of taking care of
our guests, and to all the fun activities we offer on site."
Dunes Village Resort
Dunes Village Resort, 5200 N. Ocean Blvd., is a family-friendly
oceanfront resort located in Myrtle Beach, S.C., that features a
variety of amenities, including spacious accommodations, indoor water parks, a
kids club and more. The resort consists of two 14-story resort towers with
direct access to the Atlantic Ocean and is centrally
located on the north end of the Grand Strand close to shops, restaurants,
nightlife and other entertainment. For more information, call 1-888-868-9574 or
visitdunesvillage.com.
Best free and/or cheap view in Charleston?
Pure Theatre to Present Two One-Man Shows During 2017 Piccolo Spoleto

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


NASCAR veteran Morgan Shepherd will proudly carry The Salvation Army's logo on the hood of his #89 race car at this Saturday's Daytona 500 in Florida.
Rumor has it that the car has already been nicknamed "The Salvation Army car" at the race.
Since that event, he has been a devout Christian. But it wasn't until 2001, when he launched Faith Motorsports, that he could finally connect his faith with the race car world.
The close similarities between his ministry and The Salvation Army – donations, food for the hungry, clothing drives, etc. – are some of the reasons why Shepherd decided to display the red shield on the hood of his car.
"Well, you gotta respect anything that's been around longer than I have. (Laughs) But Man! What an honor. The Salvation Army has been around for what, over 130 years?" he said, in a statement.
"They are so dedicated to 'doing the most good' for those in need helping the needy and the impoverished and most importantly in a Christian manner that makes our team really excited to show off their Red Shield and 'Doing The Most Good' motto branding promise at Daytona."
Shepherd has never carried another logo in past races besides his own. His team doesn't have a major sponsor like most competitors. For them, it has always been "Racing with Jesus" on their #89 red Chevrolet. They currently carry "Racing for Souls" on the back of the car.
Even though sponsorship would help them financially, Shepherd insisted that driving for God and displaying faith are the most important things for the team members.
In its early years, NASCAR approached the team asking the members to remove the logo. But due to public outcry, the team was allowed to keep the message of Jesus on its race car.
David Pack, Shepherd's publicist, said, "We may not have a lot compared to the other teams, but what we do have is a race car and the opportunity to spread the message to America on a national level in the name of Christ.
"We are a team that can give something to help others. And if we can market for the Salvation Army to create awareness, we are certainly proud to have them on our car."
The Christian Post was scheduled to interview Shepherd, but due to his small crew and a few car troubles, he could not make it to the interview.
In reference to Shepherd, Pack shared, "He is 69 years old and doing 185-200 MPH in a race car that's over 130 plus degrees during the race. He is in strong shape and he has incredible faith.
"Faith is something you believe in when common sense tells you not to. He has the faith and NASCAR is very supportive of our team and what we do."
The Morgan Shepherd team qualified today at 4pm EST on ESPN 2 and will race on Saturday at 1pm EST. They currently have two special guests on their team. Two kids from the local Salvation Army program, siblings Kevante and Dijonae, will have the opportunity to walk through the track and check out the car.


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You are here: Home / Agriculture / Farmer frustrated with Corps plan for 2012 Missouri River
Farmer frustrated with Corps plan for 2012 Missouri River
October 27, 2011 By Radio Iowa Contributor
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has been holding meetings up and down the Missouri River to discuss 2011 flooding problems and its plans for 2012. Percival, Iowa farmer Leo Ettleman, is also a spokesman for a coalition called "Responsible River Management."
Ettleman describes the meetings as "frustrating," and says while the Corps is listening, they aren't planning any changes.
He says the Corps looks at 2008 at a "500-year event" and they have no reason to change their management plans over one such event, so he says they will manage the river in 2012 like they have in the past. Ettleman says any changes to the Corps' Missouri River operating plan will have to come from Congress.
Ettleman says that means there is no funding in the plan for flood recovery to build the levees back to the 100-year protection that they were. Ettleman lost two-thirds of his 23-hundred row crop acres to the flooding in 2011. He says it has left a tremendous amount of debris and sand deposits on his land.
"We have sand deposits probably, anywhere from two foot to four foot deep, just waves of sand.. scour holes, we have scour holes anywhere from two foot to five foot deep, it's tremendous," Ettleman says. Ettleman is concerned about a repeat of the flooding problems in 2012.
He says they are going into spring with a 25-year protection levee, if it gets finished,by spring, and "we're going to be extremely vulnerable in 2012 and perhaps even beyond, it depends on when the funding comes in." Ettleman says because the number of people directly affected by the flooding is relatively small, it has been a challenge to make their voices heard.
By Ken Anderson Brownfield Radio Network
Filed Under: Agriculture, Fires/Accidents/Disasters, News


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Minor girl raped a few months ago tests positive for HIV
Published: Dec 04, 2019, 13:17 IST | mid-day online correspondent | Rajasthan
The police were confused about whether the child or the accused had HIV and gave contradictory statements.
This image has been used for representational purposes only.
A few months after a minor girl was raped by a serial sexual offender in Jaipur, she has tested positive for HIV.
The police were confused about whether the child or the accused had HIV and gave contradictory statements, according to a Times of India report. "Just two days after the rape, a test was done for HIV and it was positive. Every month, we go to the
hospital to get medicines. The doctor has very clearly told us that she will have to continue taking medication for the rest of her life. It is quite possible that the accused has also infected other survivors," the girl's mother was quoted as saying in the TOI report.
It also said that the medical report stated that the child's "specimen is positive for HIV-1 antibodies".
The family said the girl is doing well and regularly goes to school. The mother said she goes to school and plays with the other children and is not facing any health issues currently alleging that the authorities have only given them half the promised compensation. The mother was also quoted in the report as saying that the police may not even be aware that the child had tested HIV positive.
The report added that the accused has a long criminal history including sexual assaults on minors.
He is currently in jail.
Jaipur police commissioner Anand Shrivastav said the accused was not tested at the time of his arrest and the medical report of one of the rape survivors tested negative for HIV.
However, later in the evening, the commissioner said when the accused was arrested, they were not aware of the fact that he was HIV positive. "We have now checked with jail authorities and confirmed that he is HIV positive and undergoing treatment."
The report further states that when the investigating officer was asked why the accused who is a sexual predator and has served prison sentences for the past crimes was not tested, he said, "We only test for HIV if we have prior knowledge that the accused is already infected. In the case of the minor girl who tested positive, the doctors did not inform us. The accused had also undergone medical.
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It's been a couple weeks since I posted my rough draft of my 25 things to do while I'm 25 list. I've finally developed a finalized list, and I'm already well on my way to checking some of these things off the list. Have any of you all made your list?
As most of you know, I recently reached a big milestone in my life. On July 16th I turned a quarter of a century old. My sweet friend Bailey decided to challenge me to make a list of 25 things I want to do while I'm 25. She is making a similar list for herself which helped spark some ideas for me. I think as a wife, it's important that I don't get lost in my role as a wife, and ensure that I keep my individuality and keep growing. This list will do just that. You'll see that I still have some gaps to fill. Can you help? I'm looking forward to your ideas.


Ice dams occur when the snow melts near the ridgelines of warm roofs (roofs without adequate ventilation). As the water runs down the roof to the overhang, it cools and freezes. If the snow continues this melt and freeze process, an ice dam can form that can seep under the shingles, through the decking and into the house. This, of course, can cause serious roof leaks even in freezing temperatures.
Temporary prevention of ice dams can also be done through the use of electric cables along the eaves of the roof (where the dams usually form). However, new ice dams can form above the cables and still cause extensive damage. Another emergency solution to ice dams is to fill a sock or nylon with calcium chloride. Lay the stocking vertically across the ice dam. The calcium chloride will melt the ice and release the water so that it can drain outside, and not inside your roof.
Yes, it is important to keep heavy snow cleared away from vents and other critical drainage areas of your roof.
Gutters should be cleaned at least once or twice in the fall.
WHAT IS SHINGLE BUNDLE DISTORTION?
Shingle bundle distortion is a phenomenon that can cause shingles to not lay flat after installation. The shingles do not flatten out or conform to the roof deck because they were "distorted" while in the bundle. After installation, an appearance of "bumpiness" or "lifted shingles" may be evident.
Shingle bundle distortion is caused by the shingles conforming to the underlying shingles during storage and shipment while in the bundle and on pallets. This occurs between the time they are manufactured and the time the bundles are opened and the shingles installed.
Is There A Remedy For Distorted Shingles?
In most cases, time and warmth are the remedy. The shingles need exposure to sunlight and warm temperatures so they can "relax" and lay flat. Depending on temperatures, this process can take from one week to several months.
What NOT To Do! Do not lift the shingles and add roofing cement. The shingles will settle on their own. Lifting and hand-sealing the shingles is an unnecessary step and may cause latent damage or other unrelated potential problems.
WHAT ARE ASPHALT ROOF SHINGLES?
The most common covering used on residential properties in the Calgary and Edmonton areas is Asphalt roof shingles. In general, they are made with fiberglass mat and Asphalt mineral combination with the top surface coated with mineral granules (sunlight and water resistance), and the bottom coated with materials to prevent the shingles from sticking together in storage or shipment.
CAN A NEW ROOF BE INSTALLED OVER THE OLD SHINGLES?
You should never install new shingles over the old shingle roof system. Installing over the old shingles can cause unusual shapes to form in your new roof system and the roof system will not look smooth and level.If the old roof system is not removed it will not be possible to inspect the plywood deck sheathing for rot or deterioration that can become a much larger problem in the future. Moisture from the previous roof system can be trapped under the new system and the increased surface temperatures from having two layers of shingles can accelerate roof aging.
WHERE SHOULD ICE AND WATER MEMBRANE UNDERLAYMENT GO?
The purpose of ice and water underlayment is to stop water from passing through the roof system into a home. Ice and water membrane is needed most to address ice damming issues during the winter.
Ice can build up on a roof slope, usually at the unheated area at the eaves, forming an ice dam that prevents water from draining off the roof. In turn, this water can creep up under the shingles causing a roof leak. Ice and water membrane must be installed far enough up the slope to cover the first few feet of heated space.
Ice and water membrane should be installed at least six feet up the slope of the roof from the eaves, 6 feet wide in all valley areas, and around any heat source such as a skylight, chimneystack or flange. Ice and water membrane is a good investment and strongly recommended on roof rafters longer than twenty-five feet, on roof pitches below 4/12, and above cathedral ceilings.
If a residential roof is over 15 years old, we recommend you call us out for a look. Sometimes the damage isn't visible to the untrained eye on the ground, and catching it early can avoid expensive interior repairs in the future.


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After strong year, Toyota Alabama to begin hiring amid growth plans
HUNTSVILLE, Alabama -- Toyota's Alabama engine plant notched a strong performance in 2019, and it is kicking off 2020 with plans to...
At Alabama robotics facility, officials unveil expansion of training program
DECATUR, Alabama – Ivanka Trump, advisor to the president, joined leaders of Toyota Motor North America and the National Association of Manufacturers...
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With major new growth projects moving forward across Alabama, foreign direct investment continues to play a vital role in the state's economy,
Toyota to add 450 workers with $288M Alabama engine plant expansion
HUNTSVILLE, Alabama – Toyota announced plans today to install two new engine lines at its Alabama manufacturing facility through a $288 million expansion project that will create 450 jobs in Huntsville. Toyota said the investment will boost annual engine capacity at the Huntsville facility from...
Alabama workers built 1.6M engines in 2018 to add auto horsepower
Alabama's auto workers built nearly 1.6 million engines last year, as the state industry continues to carve out a place in global markets with innovative, high-performance parts, systems and finished vehicles. Last year also saw major new developments in engine manufacturing among the state's...
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Alabama team talks future with Mazda, Toyota officials in Japan
HIROSHIMA, Japan – Alabama Commerce Secretary Greg Canfield and Huntsville area officials engaged in meetings this week with executives of Mazda and Toyota to expand relationships as the automakers prepare to officially launch construction on a $1.6 billion Alabama assembly plant. The mission began...
Milestone: Toyota Alabama plant produces first next-gen engine
HUNTSVILLE, Alabama – Toyota's Alabama plant produced its first next-generation 4-cylinder engine after a $106 million investment to prepare the Huntsville facility for advanced production. The milestone occurred this week, exactly one year after the automaker announced the investment in Alabama to build next-gen...
Alabama team returns home after productive talks in Japan
TOKYO, Japan – Governor Kay Ivey said today that meetings with high-level executives from Mazda, Toyota and Honda in Japan helped to fortify the state's relationships with the global automakers and will facilitate their growth plans in Alabama. Governor Ivey, Commerce Secretary Greg Canfield...
What drove the Mazda-Toyota Team to the ideal plant site in Alabama?
Governor Ivey leads Alabama team in talks with Japanese automakers
MONTGOMERY, Alabama — Governor Kay Ivey is leading a small team of Alabama economic development specialists on a business development mission to Japan for high-level meetings with leaders of global automakers Toyota, Mazda and Honda. The Alabama delegation is departing for Japan today and...
Industry growth spurt drives opportunities for Alabama auto workers
HUNTSVILLE, Alabama -- Alabama's robust auto industry has transformed the state economy over the past two decades, as well as communities scattered from the Tennessee Valley to the Gulf Coast. But perhaps nowhere has the industry's prosperity been more acutely felt than in the...
Auto supplier Yorozu opens Jasper plant growing toward 300 jobs
JASPER, Alabama – Auto parts maker Yorozu on Tuesday marked the grand opening of its $110 million manufacturing plant in Walker County, where hiring has been ramping up and will continue to grow. A grand opening ceremony at the Yorozu facility included a ribbon...
Toyota-Mazda plant caps Alabama auto sector's successful year
Toyota-Mazda's plans to build a $1.6 billion, 4,000-job auto assembly plant in Huntsville form the latest chapter in the story of Alabama's robust auto industry, which just wrapped up another successful year. 2017 saw major investments and innovative plans for new technologies, as the...
Toyota-Mazda selects Alabama for $1.6 billion auto plant with 4,000 jobs
MONTGOMERY, Alabama -- Governor Kay Ivey joined Toyota and Mazda leaders today to announce that the automakers have selected Huntsville, Alabama, as the site of their new joint-venture manufacturing plant. The new plant will have the capacity to build 300,000 vehicles annually, with production...


A two-year, intensive program of study combining lecture-based learning with an extensive amount of direct laboratory training.
The program is designed to train the next generation of public health laboratory managers.
The University at Albany School of Public Health is a joint venture between the Department of Health and the University at Albany.
Wadsworth scientists serve as faculty in the School's Department of Biomedical Sciences and the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, where students may earn masters and doctoral degrees.


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This week, Ryan and guest Matt discuss some of the best handguns and cartridges for beginners and some tips and tricks for starting out the beginning handgun shooter.
Did some shooting with the Pietta Colt 1851 Navy reproduction. I have been unable to find any FFFg powder to properly use in the revolver. I am using FFg substitute, which works but the grains are too large to allow me to load a really hard-hitting charge. I also tried loading a shot charge with some #6 birdshot. I did a video on it which you can watch over at my YouTube Channel.
down last night and using my Lee Auto-Prime XR which is a wonderful product. I was able to prime about 200 .38 Special cases in a half-hour last night, so it really helps to cut down on the time you spend at the bench. I shoot .38 Special more than any other round so I go through quite a bit of it.
Posted an article over on the Firearms Insider about the history of the metallic cartridge and why I really appreciate it. Please give it a read and check out all the other great content at the Firearms Insider!
For people who are new to shooting, handguns can be somewhat intimidating. They are small, and can be somewhat more difficult to handle for a beginner. Starting a beginning shooter out on a handgun needs to be approached carefully to ensure that the new shooter has a good time and that the gun fits for him or her. The new shooter being comfortable is going to foster a desire to shoot more in the future.
Start beginners out on a gun that fits them. My wife has very small hands, and many guns do not fit her. I had her try a Ruger Single-Six and she did not like shooting it because it didn't "feel right" to her. Rather than say she was wrong or anything I handed her a Ruger SR-22 Pistol and she was far more comfortable handling that because it fit her. Fit is HUGELY important.
Grips can be changed out. If you cant afford a new gun if one doesnt work for the new shooter, consider a grip change. That can make a world of difference.
As much as I love revolvers, I do believe that semi-autos make more sense for a beginning shooter, especially if you are going to be having them start with a centerfire caliber. Many of the polymer frame guns can fit a wider variety of shooters, ensuring that they have the proper fit and control of the firearm.
Take the person you are training and bring them to a range where they can try several different handguns and see what fits for them.
.22 Long Rifle is CLEARLY going to be the most popular round for starting beginners. What about when you want to step up?
-Shoot with both eyes open!
When I take shooters out, I start out with some of my .22's then move on to the larger calibers without telling them what it is so their preconceived notions do get in the way.
Brownells helps make this show possible. Selection, service, satisfaction. Find it all at Brownells. Visit www.handgunradio.com/brownells. The holidays are soon approaching. Buy those handgun parts for your gun guy or girl!
Be sure to like us over on Facebook!!!
There are many great shows on the Firearms Radio Network. One of those shows is Gun Girl Radio! Go check out the great content that Randi Rogers and Julie Golob talk about regarding competition, gear guns and more!
Be sure to leave a review of the show on iTunes!!!


An Eye for Color: The Story of Josef Albers tells of the artist who spent his entire life studying color, and what he found revolutionized the way people look at art.
As a child, Josef Albers loved to watch his handyman father paint houses.When Josef grew up and became an artist, he reduced each image to its simplest shapes, breaking it down into blocks of color. He made an incredible discovery: he could alter the entire mood of a painting just by changing the way he combined the colors!
Albers was a student of and professor at Weimar Bauhaus before emigrating to the United States and joining the faculty of Black Mountain College in North Carolina, and then Yale.


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Ted Cruz and Beto O'Rourke entered Congress at the same time. Here's what they have accomplished.
Over their six years in Congress, what have Cruz and O'Rourke gotten done? The Texas Tribune dug into their legislative histories and asked both men for their top accomplishments in the Capitol.
Author: Andrew Eversden, The Texas Tribune
Published: 6:05 PM CST November 5, 2018
Updated: 6:05 PM CST November 5, 2018
SAN ANTONIO —
Since launching his bid for U.S. Senate last year, U.S. Rep. Beto O'Rourke has painted Republican incumbent Ted Cruz as a senator whose national ambitions havedistracted him from his Texas duties. Cruz has questioned what accomplishments the congressman from El Paso has to his name.
How exactly do the two men's records stack up? Their legislative achievements are easy to compare, given that both men entered Congress on the same day — Jan. 3, 2013.
They both joined chambers out of their party's control. Two years later, the Republicans regained control of the Senate, while the Democrats maintained their minority status in the House — as would be the case for all of O'Rourke's three terms.
Since the pair entered Congress, Cruz has introduced 105 bills, compared to the 65 bills O'Rourke has introduced over the same period, according to Congress.gov. The vast majority of those bills died in various stages of the legislative process, which is often the case with most legislation.
Cruz has passed five Senate bills into law, including bills authored and incorporated into larger legislation, according to GovTrack, an organization that tracks member voting and legislative data. Not included in the GovTrack count is a Cruz bill that requires hot air balloon pilots to undergo medical exams. That measure passed as part of a FAA reauthorization bill the Senate sent to President Donald Trump last month. Govtrack shows O'Rourke has passed three bills into law.
Obama years vs. Trump years
For their first four years in Congress, Obama was in the White House. According to GovTrack, O'Rourke passed two bills into law while the president of his same party held the Oval Office. His first bill continued tuition assistance programs for service members. That measure was included as part of a larger appropriations bill in 2013.
O'Rourke's other bill under Obama named a federal courthouse in El Paso.
Cruz also authored a courthouse renaming bill that passed under House legislation, one of three pieces of legislation he passed under Obama. GovTrack credits congressional members with passage if they've sponsored companion bills that passed into law. Another successful measure prohibited the U.S. from giving visas to U.N diplomats that previously engaged in terrorist or espionage activities against the United States. The bill came in response to Iran naming a U.N ambassador that was tied to the Iranian Hostage Crisis.
When the Republicans took the Senate back in 2015, Cruz became chairman of the Senate Commerce Committee's Subcommittee on Space. In that position, he shepherded the U.S. Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act through Congress. The bill, intended to encourage the development of the commercial space sector, originally passed as House legislation, but Cruz authored the companion bill in the Senate.
With Trump in the White House, O'Rourke managed to get his Express Appeals Act signed into law as part of a larger measure. The legislation directed the veteran affairs secretary to start a pilot program that provided veterans with an alternative and faster route to appeal for disability compensation.
Meanwhile, Cruz has had three bills enacted under Trump. The first was a bill reauthorizing NASA that passed the Senate unanimously. The second was a measure to give tax breaks to victims of three hurricanes — Harvey, Irma and Maria — a measure that was incorporated into a larger House relief package that the president signed. Most recently, Cruz had his hot air balloon safety bill included in larger legislation.
But legislative records are not the sole measure of productivity. Because it is difficult to get legislation enacted on their own, members routinely push for certain provisions to be included in larger bills, particularly through amendment processes both on the floor and in committee mark-ups. They also spend time fighting measures they oppose.
"(With) the way that Congress operates these days, much of it's gonna be pieces of legislation rather than whole bills because now, the past two years in particular, Congress has done very little," said Rich Cohen, co-author of The Almanac of American Politics from 2001 through 2010. "When Congress does act, the legislation often is comprehensive ... They're big bills and there's a lot going on in them so it shouldn't be surprising that someone would take credit for a part of a bill rather than a whole bill."
Committee work is also a measure of productivity. Both Cruz and O'Rourke sit on their respective chamber's Armed Services Committee. Cohen said neither committee churns out much legislation, but rather spends much of its time working on a massive yearly Pentagon spending bill, the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA).
Provisions members get included in those bills don't necessarily show up on their legislative record. A list on the Cruz campaign's website details 34 legislative accomplishments includes 23 provisions he got included into different NDAAs over his six years. And in several posts on O'Rourke's Medium blog, he has mentioned multiple items he pushed for inclusion. But it's not simple to verify either lawmaker's efforts in larger bills.
"It's awfully difficult ... to prove it or challenge it one way or another," Cohen said. "It's the opposite of transparent. It's difficult to figure out what happened when you have this 1,000 page bill with lots of moving pieces."
Top three accomplishments
The Texas Tribune asked both Cruz and O'Rourke to provide the three legislative accomplishments of which they are most proud.
The O'Rourke campaign passed along three measures that the El Paso Democrat saw signed into law by Trump.
Expanding Veterans' Access to Mental Health Care
O'Rourke was the primary sponsor of the "Honor Our Commitment Act," which expanded mental health care through the VA to veterans with "other-than-honorable" discharges from the military. The measure was included an omnibus spending bill in March. In a blog post a year earlier, O'Rourke said the legislation was needed because "(20) veterans a day are committing suicide, and 14 of those we know are not receiving healthcare from the VA."
Requiring Mental Health Screenings for Separating Service Members
Tucked deep within the NDAA for the last fiscal year is an O'Rourke measure mandating that service members leaving the military receive a mental health examination, in addition to the already required exit physical exam.
"Ensuring that our service members receive comprehensive mental healthcare evaluations prior to returning to civilian life is critically important because doing so increases the chances we get veterans the treatment they need," O'Rourke said in a blog post when the bill was added to the NDAA.
Permanently Protecting Castner Range
In last year's annual defense spending bill, O'Rourke got a provision included to permanently protect the Castner Range, nearly 7,000 acres of land surrounded by the Franklin Mountains around El Paso. The provision was signed into law by Trump as part of a larger defense spending package. The bill prevents any commercial development in a space that O'Rourke said environmental activists have been fighting to preserve since 1971.
"This is an incredible opportunity to ensure that we pass on Castner Range, and all that it means to us as a country, to not just this generation but the generations that follow," O'Rourke said in a floor speech at the time. He also has a pending bill to designate the range as a national monument.
In response to the request for three top legislative accomplishments, the Cruz campaign sent nine. Here's a sample:
Hurricane tax relief
In the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey, Cruz pushed for tax break legislation for victims of Hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria. The Cruz-led legislation ultimately was included in the final, larger relief bill that passed through both chambers and was signed into law by the president.
Cruz has used this legislation to attack O'Rourke's voting record because O'Rourke voted against passage of the bill. O'Rourke has defended his vote by saying that the final bill didn't have tax breaks as generous as those given to victims of Hurricanes Katrina, Rita and Wilma.
Purple Hearts for Fort Hood victims
In late 2014, Obama signed an NDAA that included a Cruz provision allowing victims of the 2009 terrorist attack at Fort Hood to be eligible for Purple Hearts. Thirteen people died in the attack.
"This designation is long overdue for the victims of the Fort Hood shooting and their families who deserve our prayers and support in dealing with this horrific act of terrorism," said Cruz when the amendment was announced.
U.S. Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act
Cruz was the primary sponsor of this 2015 bill in the Senate, which was a companion to the House bill that ultimately passed. This bill prevented the federal government from introducing further regulation on the commercial space industry for seven and a half years. The bill also reauthorized use of the International Space Station through 2024.
"This legislation makes a commitment to supporting the continued development of a strong commercial space sector and recognizes the major stake Texas has in space exploration," Cruz said in a statement at 2015.
Cruz is the chairman of the Commerce Committee's Subcommittee on Space, Science, and Competitiveness and is from Houston, home to NASA.
The filibuster and the sit-in
Both Cruz and O'Rourke have had moments in Congress that elevated their profiles nationally.
For Cruz, it came just months into his first term, in which his outspoken opposition to the Affordable Care Act placed him at the center of a contentious government shutdown that lasted over two weeks and left many Republicans upset with him. Amid the efforts by congressional leaders to avoid a shutdown in September 2013, Cruz seized on an opportunity to speak on the Senate floor for 21 hours to highlight his opposition to the sweeping health care law.
But when he wasn't railing against Obamacare, Cruz strayed off topic to keep the clock running on what is now the fourth-longest speech in U.S. Senate history. Most notoriously, the freshman senator read Dr. Seuss' "Green Eggs and Ham" from the floor.
On the south side of Capitol Hill, O'Rourke presided over his own marathon political gamesmanship three years later. Shortly after the Pulse Nightclub shooting in Orlando in 2016, House Democrats staged a sit-in on the House floor to protest the Republicans' decision not to bring gun control legislation to a vote. When the Democrats staged their sit-in however, House Republicans adjourned, resulting in C-SPAN turning off its live cameras and leaving interested Americans without an option to watch the remainder of the sit-in.
But O'Rourke quickly found a way around the situation by using his phone to broadcast the sit-in live over Facebook with a fellow congressman, according to the El Paso Times. O'Rourke's broadcasts were picked up by C-SPAN and CNN while the Democrats held the House floor for over 24 hours. Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg later said that the Facebook Live streams related to the sit-in reached 3 million people.
This article was originally published at TexasTribune.org.
The Texas Tribune is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media organization that informs Texans — and engages with them — about public policy, politics, government and statewide issues.
© Texas Tribune


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This past weekend, I went away to my family's house on Whidbey Island for a girls' weekend with my mom and sisters. There was a lot of laughing, eating, dancing, and of course, girl talk. Because I'm a few years older than my sisters, we have a tradition where we'll have a "girls workshop" at significant points of my sisters' lives. We'll chat about various topics, they'll ask questions, and I'll offer advice. We've covered identifying (and keeping) true friends, ignoring the catty girls in high school, having your first "real" boyfriend, and the list goes on.
This weekend, the topic was college, as they're about to head into their first year. One of my sisters asked, "what do you wish you had known when you first started college?" and it got me thinking. In hindsight, if I could give my 18 year old self some advice, what would I say? I brought this up with Ashley and we thought we'd share a few of the ideas we reflected on.
H: Don't take things so seriously. Chances are, this will not matter in 5 years. Heck, it probably won't even matter in 5 months. I've always had the tendency to over analyze, over think, and over stress. But in reflecting on some of the matters that caused me so much stress a few years ago, I see even more clearly how sweating the small stuff really only does me harm in the moment.
A: Your #GirlGang will get you through anything and everything. Take advantage of being within steps, feet or blocks of your besties for the good times, the bad times, and basically, just anytime. The college years are some of the best in your life, but they're also going to be challenging. Don't fret though…a night with your best friends can cure almost anything. Spoiler: this is still true today. That seven minute drive between us now feels like forever!
H: Don't be shy, they're probably just as nervous as you are. I've gotten much better at this over the years, but I used to be extremely shy upon first meeting someone, and then would gradually open up over time. I would get so caught up in worrying about what others' impressions of me were, that I'd have a hard time saying much at all. But in reflecting on many of these first meetings, I realize that everyone is in the same boat — awkwardly trying to make new friends and get to know one another. So, rather than judging you for introducing yourself, they're more likely to be grateful that you made the first move and opened up the opportunity to make a new friend.
H: You won't regret stepping out of your comfort zone. College is the time to try new things, and figure out what your passions and interests are. While it can be tempting to stay in and binge watch another season of Grey's Anatomy (no one is monitoring your TV watching anymore), some of my favorite memories from college are from when I sporadically went to an on-campus fashion show with a friend, tried out a new exercise class (ultimately discovering hot yoga!), or joined a group to attend a concert last minute. Sure, you won't love everything, but it's the best opportunity to take, "you don't know if you don't try" to heart.
A: Make working out a priority. In high school, I was working out five days a week and it was absolutely a priority for me. I had a routine and it was pretty consistent week to week, which made it easy to stick to. College totally threw that off. Between a busy class schedule, homework, friends and a job, it was tough to stick to that same routine. My advice is to make time for it, and stick to it as much as possible.
H: Take your make up off. Your future self will thank you for establishing a solid skin care routine early. Invest in whatever it takes to encourage yourself to take off your make up and moisturize (at minimum) every night.
A: Drink tons of H20. I promise, your skin will thank you, and you'll just feel so much better. Speaking from personal experience, I was horrible at drinking water when I was younger. It wasn't until recently that it became clear how powerful it really is. The younger you start making it a habit, the better you'll feel.
H: Find good friends and don't let them get away. I met some of my very best friends in college (hello, that's how this whole blog began), and am so incredibly grateful for it. So, make yourself open to meeting new people, and when you find people that you click with, invest time and energy into the relationship.
A: Don't sweat the small stuff…and it's (almost) all small stuff. This is kinda along the lines of Haley's first lesson, but there's no point in stressing about the little things. Did someone make a rude comment to you? Missed the bus by thirty seconds? Trip and fall in front of your crush? It doesn't matter. Pick yourself up and know you'll be better than OK.
If you had opportunity to go back in time and talk to your 18 year old self, what advice would you offer? We realized, after sitting down and putting our thoughts on paper, is that the funny thing is, regardless of age, these lessons and advice apply at any stage of your life. Even though we now have a few more years under our belts, we're still just figuring it out as we go.


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Aid, Armed Conflicts, Climate Change, Combating Desertification and Drought, Development & Aid, Economy & Trade, Environment, Featured, Food & Agriculture, Global, Green Economy, Headlines, Human Rights, Labour, Migration & Refugees, Poverty & SDGs, TerraViva United Nations, Trade & Investment, Water & Sanitation
IFAD's President Houngbo Calls for Investment in Climate-Smart Agriculture for Poverty-Free Future
By Tharanga Yakupitiyage	Reprint | | Print |
IFAD President Gilbert Houngbo's first official visit to Uganda where he met with small holder farmers in financial saving groups. Credit: IFAD
UNITED NATIONS, Jun 16 2017 (IPS) - Implementing climate-smart agriculture is critical to reduce hunger and poverty, according to International Fund for Agricultural Development's (IFAD) new president Gilbert Houngbo.
Approximately 20 million are at the brink of starvation.
Over 65 million have been forcibly displaced by conflict.
One in five people in developing regions live on less than 1.25 dollars per day, and many risk slipping back into poverty.
A former Prime Minister of Togo, Houngbo entered IFAD's presidency at a time of extreme suffering around the world. Though the global picture seems bleak, Houngbo remains optimistic and highlights the importance of long-term investments and development in agriculture in rural areas.
Though often neglected, rural areas are home to 80 percent of the world. Such areas are also responsible for most countries' agriculture, and small farms in particular account for up to 80 percent of food production in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia.
Agriculture is therefore often the main route out of poverty and food insecurity for rural people, and focus on it will allow for progress in the internationally agreed 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
However, climate change is among the challenges that stand in the way.
As World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought approaches, IPS spoke to Houngbo briefly about the ambitious goals and increasingly complex challenges to make hunger and poverty things of the past.
Q: How realistic is it to eradicate hunger and poverty by 2030? Is this feasible? If not, why? What are or what could be some of the obstacles in trying to achieve those goals?
A: I'm maybe the wrong person to ask this question because I'm always really optimistic. When we started 2000 with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), everybody said that nothing there was realistic. Yet, we know that a lot has been achieved.
I do believe it is doable. Yes, it is very challenging. The point for me is not to say there is no more famine—that can happen as much as it is contained and eradicated quickly and that too is a challenge.
The most important thing for us to increase our chances to achieve the goal by 2030 is to make sure that one, we focus on long-term investment. Second, we also deal with the governance and the leadership dimension to minimize the risk of civil unrest—that's the nexus of the common famine and the man-made crises.
But the long-term investment and scaling up what has been working really well is important. And I was hoping that with innovation, not only in technology, but among the small-scale or smallholder [farmers] we are focusing on—by adopting much more climate smart agricultural techniques and with innovation, it's really doable.
Yes, the population is increasing. We need to increase food production by 60 percent by 2050. You have to see that as an opportunity for the smallholders to also increase [yields] and make money. Productivity for me and innovation is really the source.
Q: Would information and communication technologies (ICTs) be helping rural development in terms of food production?
A: Not only food production but also food transformation and access and the linkage to the food system. And to the market at the national level, regional level, or international level.
So we need to also look at agriculture not just as producing food but also business, as a way for the smallholders, for the rural citizens to earn in their daily lives a decent income, so that they don't feel like they need to move to the city or move out of the country. So we are also talking about a rural transformation.
Q: Do you think advances in ICTs could threaten farmers because of the mechanization of certain jobs?
A: No, I don't think so.
A couple of year ago a report issued not by IFAD but by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) demonstrated very clearly that yes there will be some jobs that will be lost in some sectors, but also when you think about the jobs that will be created, the net result is a positive. So we should not see that as an issue.
To the contrary, I do not think that commercial farms will ever replace the smallholder farms. In Africa, in Asia today, the smallholders are responsible for 80 percent of the [food] production. What we need to do is to bring technology that will help productivity and that will help with quick access to capital, access to the markets. By bringing that technology, coupled with what I call a rural transformation, then we will make it.
In other words, when you bring the technology here today, in a lot of low-income countries, agriculture contributes 25-35 percent to the gross domestic product (GDP) compared to most advanced economies where agriculture will contribute maybe 5 percent or 2 percent of the GDP.
So it's true that over time, you will also expect the low-income countries' agricultural contributions to decrease. That's why people worry that there will be unemployment. But on the contrary, if you are doing the rural transformation instead of being at the production level, they might be at the transformation level or there may also be a vocational training in other domains yet remain at the rural level.
Q: Do you think that the United States' announcement to withdraw from the Paris climate agreement is a setback? How are member states strategizing with IFAD to advance climate mitigation and adaptation?
A: First of all, we need to respect the decisions made by member states, whether it be the U.S. or any other country. I want to be very clear that we have to respect their decisions.
Secondly, our plan integrating climate-smart agriculture in our assistance to rural areas is very high on the agenda of all our member states. Obviously, I am concerned about the possible impact on the Green Climate Fund, and therefore the ability of the smallholders to access that financing.
I hope that one way or the other, the international community will find a way to overcome this new challenge.
Q: Do you have a message for the upcoming World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought?
A: For me, it is important that we start really thinking about the techniques that will help us in embedding climate-smart agriculture.
In Africa, for example, it is really affordable and basic irrigation systems and the use of climate or drought-resistant seeds and so forth—that will really help. But really it's the irrigation dimension that I would like to encourage, to find ways to make it affordable, particularly in Africa because compared to Asia, Africa is very, very much behind.
IFAD is an international financial institution and a UN specialised agency which invests in rural areas of developing countries to help eradicate poverty and hunger.
Follow @https://twitter.com/tharanga_yaku
Climate-Smart Agriculture


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Global Ethics
South African AIDS Activism and Global Health Politics
Authors: Mbali, M.
South Africa has the world's largest number of people living with HIV. This book offers a history of AIDS activism in South Africa from its origins in gay and anti-apartheid activism to the formation and consolidation of the Treatment Action Campaign (TAC), including its central role in the global HIV treatment access movement.
Mandisa Mbali is a Lecturer in the Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology at the University of Stellenbosch in South Africa. She is a Rhodes scholar and obtained her doctorate in Modern History at the University of Oxford, UK. Mbali completed postdoctoral training at Yale University, USA and has published a journal article and book chapters on post–apartheid AIDS activism and policy-making.
"The book is particularly good at demonstrating the ways in which the historical context affected the development of AIDS activism, and how the transition to democracy both opened up new opportunities and brought new difficulties . . . As Mbali's book rightly reminds us, the struggle for global health justice is founded on the work of grassroots campaigners. Activists really can make a difference." - International Affairs
Introduction: South African AIDS Activism and Global Health Justice
Mbali, Mandisa
Health for All? Healthworker AIDS Activism, 1982–1994
From Pride to Political Funeral: Gay AIDS Activism, 1990–1994
Women, Science and Sexism in AIDS Activism in the 1990s
Science and Sexuality in the Formation of the TAC, 1994–2001
'Pharma' v Mandela: South African Moral Capital in a Global Movement, 1998–2001
Radical Legitimacy: Rights and 'Reasonableness' in the TAC, 2001–2003
'The Durban Effect': The TAC's Impact on Global Health Diplomacy and Governance, 2001–2003
Postscript: Recession and Reinventions
M. Mbali
Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited
10.1057/9781137312167


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8 Elements of Horror by Irhaboggler
Fiction » Horror Rated: K+, English, Supernatural, Words: 21k+, Published: 1/2/2020 Updated: 8/2/2021}
Chapter 1: The Mind Was a House
The walls began to crack open, rotting and peeling away. The paint seemed to turn into skin, rolling back to expose a putrid and decaying wall underneath. The cracks got even bigger, spiderwebbing across the house. And some of the cracks were an abysmal black while others were an eerie red, as if the house itself was bleeding. In fact, blood actually did begin to seep out of the walls of the house, running down the peeling paint to stain the hardwood floors. Then cracks began to appear across the floor as well, snaking all around the house.
Then the furniture began to break and the appliances began to malfunction. Lights flickered and sparked, half of them on and half of them off. Water pipes burst wide open, but the water quickly turned dark and rotten. It stank, reeking of death and decay. Vile and putrid water riddled with contamination flooded from the pipes and quickly began to overflow the sinks, toilets and baths. The water then began to mix with the blood.
Suddenly, the fridge doors burst open. All the food inside was spoiled rotten, crawling with worms, maggots, flies, spiders and other insects. And the shelves were coated in slime, the food molding where it touched the shelf as it was slowly devoured by the insects. The cupboard was barren too, shelves falling apart inside even though there was nothing on them. There was no unspoiled food anywhere…
The countertops cracked with thunderous gusto. Black lines crisscrossed overhead on the ceiling, causing more material to come raining down from above. It was only ceiling material, but as it continued to flake down, it turned into cinders and ash, coating the floor in a fine powder that smelled vaguely of something burning.
In the distance, a few seconds later, the TV flickered to life. It blared disturbing and horrific images of murder, torture, rape, suicide, despair and condemnation. Faces flashed on screen faster and faster, screaming and swearing at the house's owner, cursing his name and demanding his blood for his sins. They pointed damningly at him as everything else flashed on the screen behind them. Anger and hatred, that was all that was on the screen. Damnation and accusation. It did not matter what button was pressed, the TV would not turn off. The graphic imagery was endless.
Upstairs in the bedroom, all the clothes in his closet morphed into nooses, tied and ready. The bathroom faucets were pouring blood. Pill bottles rattled in their cabinets, some of those cabinets bursting open in an explosion of pills and ash. Tiles shattered and broke, falling clean off the wall to reveal the stones underneath.
Back in the bedroom, pants tightened, and shirts morphed into straightjackets. Shoes were suddenly full of holes and underwear became stained with all sorts of disgusting colors. Suddenly, everything was tattered, torn and ugly. All the clothing that used to be so gorgeous and trendy had become ugly, old and plain, like off-gray nightgowns that only someone in a psych ward from a century ago would wear. There was a giant hole in the center of the bed where a man and his lover might've once slept and embraced, but the hole was so large and hollow that it was impossible to find any rest, whether as a couple or individual.
Back down in the kitchen, the stove and oven began to smoke, but nothing burned. The knife block oozed blood. The spare drawer did likewise. The stairs became crooked, broken, unbalanced and splintered. They twisted apart and fragmented, impossible to use without cutting someone's feet. The wood chipped as the stairs continued to fall into vast disrepair.
Then outside, fences became bars and steel became iron. The tips of the bars suddenly grew much higher and were sharpened into deadly spikes. All along the way, grass and plants withered and died. Flowers lost their color before shriveling up. Grass turned brittle and cracked away. Fog from outside flooded the house, thick and heavy with despair. It was like being trapped in a swarm of ghosts and it was impossible to breathe.
The entire house seemed to come alive in its grief, a great and roaring beast of pain and suffering. The very foundation howled, mourned and cried out in agony. The house moaned and groaned just like its owner. It twisted, shook, shuddered and bellowed as its foundation grew unstable and crumbled. Support beams finally cracked. Walls finally caved.
Everywhere the owner treaded, holes opened under his feet and began to bleed black. Everything he touched decayed into ooze. He left destruction in his wake, but he was so lost and hazy in his grief he didn't even notice a thing. Even as his house literally crashed down around him, he noticed nothing. He was left unscathed, for better or worse.
He was haggard, thin, sick, tired and gangly. He was wild, dirty, ratty, unshaven, misshapen, broken and uneven. Red eyes, crooked nose, messy hair, ratty beard, rife with oil. Dry, scarred skin. Bleeding. Bruising. Breaking. Crying. Ingrown nails, tattered clothes, limping, splintered. Then he collapsed with a howl of grief and cried and cried and cried and cried and cried and cried, louder and longer even than the destruction of the house and the TV still blaring damning accusations and horrific imagery.
It faded away into haunting static before he stopped crying. It was the prison of his mind. The mind was his house. When the mind was in disrepair, so too was the house. Now he was trapped in a dying world, his house and his mind. They were both coming undone.
But come morning, as the first light of dawn peeked through the cracked (but not broken) glass windows, the rays of warmth cleansed and repaired all that they touched. The cracks healed. The blood flow reversed. The rust and decay did likewise. Things rose up again, no longer wilted, twisted or crooked. The uneven became smooth and the broken became fixed. Food filled the cabinets again, fresh and wholesome. The lights turned off, but there was a secret reassurance that they would come back on whenever the master of the house desired. It was peaceful and quiet.
The nooses unwound themselves back into clothing. The pills returned to their bottles and the bottles to their cabinets. Poison labels switched back to medicinal lists. The toilets were fresh, clean and empty again. So was the tub. No blood, just water. It was all sterile. The bed was whole and soft again, the sheets smooth. The clothing was fashionable and complete, no more discomfort or disrepair.
No more blood, dirt or scum. Not on the tables, floors, counters, utensils or living rooms. Carpets and couches were whole again and the TV was no longer broken, bent or malfunctioning. It played a pleasant morning newscast about the sunny weather outside. Happy faces, happy reporters. Bright screens, bright sun. No more graphic imagery or static, just a pleasant weather report. The furniture was fixed and clean once more.
And him? He was happy again. Not fully recovered, but peaceful. No more blood or ragged weariness. Clean, smooth, bright skin and hair. Kempt, controlled, relaxed, easy. Upright, straight, self-sufficient and dry-eyed. He sauntered into the kitchen and poured himself a warm, fresh, sweet brew. White steam curled around his face with a lovely aroma. He peeked out the restored windows past the solidified walls and supports.
The pictures weren't moving anymore, the clock had the correct time, all the appliances was functional. It was so bright, sweet, merry and paradisiacal. Warm golden glow. Peaceful white smile. No more wilting or crying. No more hopelessness or fog, just clarity and morning dew, cool, crisp and refreshing. Not stifling, smoggy or hot. It ghosted through the clean windows past the refurbished floors and walls, bright and gilded. The paint was fresh and bright. Floors smooth, walls unbroken, he could move freely and safely wherever he pleased. The house was his again.
It did not bow to him like a slave, but worked with and accommodated him like a friend. No more disagreement or discord, just unity and harmony again. It did not strike him or rise up against him or slip out of his control. It worked at his side to protect and fill him with life once more. He was happy and he was home and he was healing. The house and mind were, once more, right and aligned. The mind was a home and when the mind worked, so too did the home.
AN: Just wanted to try a story where someone's house reflects their mood
Ch 1 of 16 Next »


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Last edited by Gozil
2 edition of intentional fallacy found in the catalog.
W. K. Wimsatt
by W. K. Wimsatt
Published 1946 by Universityof the South in Sewanee, Tenn .
Photocopy from Sewanee review, v.54, no.3, pp.468-88.
Other titles Sewanee Review.
Statement by W.K. Wimsatt Jr. and M.C. Beardsley.
Contributions Beardsley, Monroe C. 1915-
Wimsatt and Beardsley's arguments in "The Intentional Fallacy" were neither totally original nor the last word on the subject. T.S. Eliot had a few choice words on the subject in his essay "Tradition and the Individual Talent" (), and even Oscar Wilde put his two cents in . The Intentional Fallacy. / Lamarque, Peter Vaudreuil. Oxford Guide to the Theory and Practice of Literary Criticism. ed. / Patricia Waugh. Oxford University Press, p.
William K. Wimsatt is the author of The Intentional Fallacy ( avg rating, 56 ratings, 6 reviews), The Verbal Icon ( avg rating, 41 ratings, 5 rev /5. Intentional Fallacy. Authorial Intent with special consideration given to Wimsatt and Beardsley's Intentional Fallacy of This provided a base for analysing Frankenstein without being clouded by the presumed design or intention of the author which according to Wimsatt and Beardsley, "is neither available nor desirable as a standard for judging the success of a literary work of art.
Each fallacy has just one page of exposition, and so the terseness of the prose is intentional. Reading about things that one should not do is actually a useful learning experience. In his book, On Writing, Stephen King writes: "One learns most clearly what not to do by reading bad prose." He describes his experience of reading a. External evidence is verboten in criticism, Beardsley thinks, but at least at the time of "The Intentional Fallacy," intermediate evidence was admissible, the reason being that "the meaning of words is the history of words, and the biography of an author, his use of a word, and the associations the word had for him, are part of the word's.
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Intentional fallacy by W. K. Wimsatt Download PDF EPUB FB2
Intentional fallacy, term used in 20th-century literary criticism to describe the problem inherent in trying to judge a work of art by assuming the intent or purpose of the artist who created it.
Introduced by W.K. Wimsatt, Jr., and Monroe C. Beardsley in The Verbal Icon (), the approach was a. W.K. Wimsatt and Monroe Beardsley wrote in their essay The Intentional Fallacy: "the design or intention of the author is neither available nor desirable as a standard for judging the success of a work of literary art."[1] The author, they argue, cannot be reconstructed from a writing - the text is the only source of meaning, and any details of the author's desires or life/5.
Home › Uncategorized › Intentional Fallacy. Intentional Fallacy By Nasrullah Mambrol on Ma • (1). One of the critical concepts of New Criticism, "Intentional Fallacy" was formulated by Wimsatt and Beardsley in an essay in The Verbal Icon () as the mistake of attempting to understand the author's intentions when interpreting a literary work.
Beardsley and Wimsatt divide this essay into five sub-essays. They begin the first with a general statement of purpose: "We argued that the design or intention of the author is neither available nor desirable as a standard for judging the success. 'The Intentional Fallacy,' a 20th century article that proposes that a work of art's meaning is not tied to the intention of its creator, is one that has greatly shaped contemporary criticism.
William K. Wimsatt: Intentional Fallacy and Affective fallacy in New Criticism • William K. Wimsatt () was an American literary theorist and professor.
Wimsatt's The Verbal Icon,was co-written by Beardsley. In this book, Wimsatt brought out the idea of "Intentional Fallacy". intentional fallacy book In their essay, 'The Intentional Fallacy' (), William K.
Wimsatt Jr. and Monroe C. Beardsley, two of the most eminent figures of the New Criticism school of thought of Literary Criticism, argue that the 'intention' of the author is not a necessary factor in the reading of a text.
This book explores the logic and historical origins of a strange taboo that has haunted literary critics since the s, keeping them from referring to the intentions of authors without apology.
The taboo was enforced by a seminal article, "The Intentional Fallacy," and it 5/5(1). Intentional fallacy Sometimes a speaker or writer uses a fallacy intentionally.
In any context, including academic debate, a conversation among friends, political discourse, advertising, or for comedic purposes, the arguer may use fallacious reasoning to try to persuade the listener or reader, by means other than offering relevant evidence.
Intentional fallacy definition is - the fallacy that the value or meaning of a work of art (as a poem) may be judged or defined in terms of the artist's intention. The intentional fallacy is a misnomer in that the fallacy is not committed intentionally, but rather it relates to intentions.
The intentional fallacy is the fallacy of using authors' intentions in interpreting literary works as opposed to interpreting the texts itself. Yes, it is very.
THE INTENTIONAL FALLACY. From The Verbal Icon: Studies in the Meaning of Poetry. W.K. Wimsatt, Jr., and Monroe C. Beardsley. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, THE CLAIM of the author's "intention" upon the critic's judgment has been challenged in a number of recent discussions, notably in the debate entitled The Personal Heresy, between Professors Lewis and Tillyard.
I like the Intentional Fallacy for similar reasons. I'm not up enough on the heresiology of New Criticism to join in with Michael and Henry, but my favourite close readers spend a lot of time talking about intention; at least, if not intention, then "choice" -- the rhetoric of "poets making the choice to do" X, to do Y, with sound and syntax.
Intentional fallacy definition, (in literary criticism) an assertion that the intended meaning of the author is not the only or most important meaning; a fallacy involving an assessment of a literary work based on the author's intended meaning rather than on actual response to the work.
See more. The intensional fallacy occurs when this argument is used with properties that are intensional, that is, when the property depends on the description of the object used. In this case, although the object may have a given property under one description, and not have that property under a different description, they may nonetheless be the same.
One commits the "intentional fallacy" when one argues like this: "This essay is consistent and one of the reasons I know it is is because the author intended to be consistent when he wrote it." This is a fallacy because the true criteria for judging consistency do.
"The Intentional Fallacy" was published by W.K. Wimsatt, Jr. and Monroe C. Beardsley in their book The Verbal Icon in It is widely considered a landmark. Intentional Fallacy. William K. Wimsatt Jr. & Monroe C. Beardsley., revised in. The claim of the. THE INTENTIONAL FALLACY ful if and only if we correctly infer the intention.
They are more abstract than poetry. The meaning of a poem may certainly be a personal one, in the sense that a poem expresses a personality or state of soul rather than, a.
"The Intentional Fallacy" by William K. Wimsatt and Monroe Beardsley () In this master essay, Wimsatt and Beardsley call out readers who just go through texts. New Criticism W.K. Wimsatt and Monroe Beardsley wrote in their essay The Intentional Fallacy: "the design or intention of the author is neither available nor desirable as a standard for judging the success of a work of literary art.".
Kent highlights one of the key elements of why the book makes an impression: the intentional fallacy. Although Frank suggested meaning in his images, he allowed the audience to interpret them in a personal way. Kent makes a good point in noting how Frank's images were interpreted by others: differently and with varied meaning.This book explores the logic and historical origins of a strange taboo that has haunted literary critics since the s, keeping them from referring to the intentions of authors without apology.
The taboo was enforced by a seminal article, "The Intentional Fallacy," and it deepened during the era.tional Fallacy"; because no attempts have been made to infer and make explicit these assumptions, the controversy re-mains in very nearly the same condition as it did in "The Intentional Fallacy," in its sim-plicity, is a reaction to the complexities of Lewis' argument; it avoids one ex-treme (confusion) only to fall prey to the other.
certifiedneighborhoodspecialist.com - Intentional fallacy book © 2020


One of my high-school favorites just stayed with us as he passed through DC (embassy headaches = unexpected visit to my house = the bright side). We talked, we laughed, we speculated, we celebrated, we drank way too much wine... and life is good today. (Much better than this weekend, for example, when fertility drugs made me feel like I was trapped in one of those medieval torture devices that squeezes people to death. Seriously.) But last night and today: better. At last. And so I'm rushing through the day in order to land in another happy moment by night's end, when we'll meet up with my family at the beach.
I'm sure I'll be Instagramming too (it's a sibling obsession), if you want to see more of these cuties. I can't wait to get down there already. Have a fabulous 4th, everyone!
your wedding looks like it was so fabulous!
hope you're having a fabulous time with your family!!!


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Posted on September 15, 2021 by Gallipolis Daily Tribune
White Falcons win at Riverside
By Colton Jeffries - cjeffries@aimmediamidwest.com
MASON, W.Va. — Another win in the books.
The Wahama High School golf team finished in first place out of three other teams Tuesday afternoon at the Riverside Golf Club in Mason County.
The White Falcons commanded the top-2 scores at the meet, getting a combined score of 164, while also ending up 23 strokes better than runner-up Gilmer.
Coming in third was Wirt County with a score of 240. Ravenswood also competed, but did not have enough golfers to record a final team score.
Connor Ingels of Wahama had the best individual score of the meet, with a 1-under par round of 34, following him was teammate Ethan Gray, who went 4-over par with a round of 39.
To complete the winning score for the White Falcons, Mattie Ohlinger, who scored 45 and Bryson Bumgarner and Ethan Mitchell, who both scored a round of 46, though only one of those scores counted toward the final tally.
Leading the Titans was Adam Stewart with a score of 41 and Will Conrad had a round of 54 for the Tigers.
Cameron Taylor, the lone golfer for the Red Devils, put in a round of 41, which tied Stewart for the third-best score of the meet.
The White Falcons also honored their seniors — Ohlinger, Ethan Mitchell, Casey Greer, Josh Roque and Jillian Love — at the event.
Ohlinger and Mitchell will finish their high school golf careers as 4-time lettermen.
© 2021 Ohio Valley Publishing, all rights reserved.
By Colton Jeffries
cjeffries@aimmediamidwest.com
Colton Jeffries can be reached at 740-446-2342, ext. 2100.
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