I'm keeping up my once-a-week Magazine scan, but I decided to mix it up a bit this time. I know there are a lot of loyal Sega Saturn fans reading this, but I thought it would be interesting to take a look at the first issue of Playstation Magazine from September of 1997.
After posting the fanboy mags for Nintendo and Sega, why shouldn't we look at the ultimate Sony fanboy literature as well.
In this issue, you will find a number of good introductory topics. First off all, "Top 25 Playstation Games of All Time" (pg 26) rounds up the best titles up until the date of the publication. I found it interesting to see how different the prime Playstation library was before Final Fantasy VII made it big.
"Know Your Playstation" (pg 58) served as a beginner's guide to the hardware options availible to new Playstation owners. The writeup may still be handy if you are looking into buying a used machine.
I'd love to hear of any other little tidbits from the issue that you found interesting.
Just out of curiosity, was there a Saturn-dedicated magazine at any point in time? Or was any Sega-made magazine even available during the Saturn's lifespan here in the U.S.?
In either case, I'm still gonna give this a look. It's definitely interesting to take a look at old magazines to see what things used to be like. I have a bunch of old issues of GamePro hidden away in my closet, and it's always interested to look through those, just to see how things used to be in gaming at that point in time.
Another excellent download for us humble people that never owned a PSOne, but are eager to see what its fanboys used to read.
How 'bout a Dreamcast or (even better) a Jaguar mag?
I have almost all the DC magazines in mint condition.
I have a scanner, but never used it yet. I'll have to see about uploading some of them for you guys.
I really enjoyed the Sega magazine Racketboy!
Oh, the Dreamcast one's an even better idea!
Killer! Thanks for posting this!
There was a Saturn Mag in Europe. I have a copy of one issue and I'll have to post it sometime.
I think there may have been a 3rd short lived english one. And at least one non-english one.
Ahh yes the 3rd UK one was called 'Total Saturn' , very short lived… maybe half a year.
I live in the UK, I sometimes see old Saturn mags. If I see another I'll grab it for you.
I remember this mag gave you awesome stickers for your memory cards and big round ones for the top of the PS.
The third short-lived UK saturn mag was Total Saturn, which even had the odd demo discs with it for all the few issues that were released in 1996.
n fact, all three of the Saturn mags had demos at some point, which was nice as we only got deos from the official mag for the Dreamcast.
Thanks for posting this awesome magazine! PSM was my favorite! Would you happen to know where I can find any more issues of PSM?
So I have the real copy of this magazine anyone know if there is a chance it's worth anything?
i have a bunch of old ps1 magazines starting from june 1997.. are they worth any money or not?
The link is down. Does anyone know where i can get a PDF version of this?


There are 4 CPAs listed in the city of Selinsgrove. Listed below are CPAs and Tax Professionals we found in Selinsgrove. If you go to a detail page of an entry, you will find more information on this entry, maps and geolocal information.


text:
CatholicSTL
Top CatholicSTL Story
Infectious diseases pediatrician says schools, families must adopt strategies to mitigate virus' spread Read More
More CatholicSTL News
CYC sports grapples with return-to-play Knights of Peter Claver seek help with donations of socks for shelters St. Martha's Hall continues to do what it can to help women and children during pandemic
Top Living Our Faith Story
With the 75th anniversary of the end of World War II, Catholic veterans recall serving in the Pacific Read More
More Living Our Faith News
Catholic WWII veterans recall serving in the Pacific Prayer service personalizes atomic bombings
Top Universal Church Story
More Universal Church News
Dioceses ready to respond for those in need of help after Isaias Nation and world briefs Nicaraguan bishops denounce Managua cathedral arson attack as 'terrorism'
St. Martha's Hall continues to do what it can to help women and children during pandemic
Agency has limited shelter capacity; continues to receive steady flow of calls for help
Jennifer Brinker
jenniferbrinker
Submitted August 14, 2020 | 12:21 PM
Jennifer Brinker is a reporter for the St. Louis Review and Catholic St. Louis.
Beats: Life issues, Young adult and youth ministries, liturgies and devotions
Geographic areas covered: Parishes and schools in the North City, North County, West County and St. Charles Deaneries.
Read more articles by Jennifer Brinker
Woolbright
St. Martha's Hall continues to help abused women and their children, but the coronavirus outbreak has impacted how the Catholic Charities agency provides in-person services and shelter.
When the outbreak arrived in the St. Louis area, St. Martha's Hall noticed a decrease in calls at first. "With people working from home, it became harder for women to reach out and ask for services," said executive director Jessica Woolbright. "All of the things that normally made it difficult for a woman to leave were exaggerated because of the pandemic."
St. Martha's Hall is a federated agency of Catholic Charities of St. Louis, which receives support from the Annual Catholic Appeal. The agency assists abused women and their children break the cycle of violence in their lives by offering safe, confidential shelter and services, including crisis intervention, support groups and individual support, follow-up services, advocacy and community education.
Beyond isolation concerns, Woolbright said that increased financial problems, such as lost jobs and wages, have exacerbated domestic abuse situations. "Whether they lost a job, or lost their daycare and had to quit their job … if she does not have her own resources, it makes it harder for her to leave an abusive relationship," Woolbright said.
Calls to the shelter have since increased and remained consistent, with an average of 140-175 calls a month from March through July. However, shelter capacity was reduced to a maximum of 50 percent capacity, "so we are unable to offer shelter to a significant number of families," she added.
From March through July, the shelter was unable to provide in-person services to 381 women and 208 children who called the crisis line. Some of those numbers were likely duplicates, referring to women who called more than once during that time period, Woolbright added. However, those who were not able to receive in-person services received safety planning and referrals to other services. In some cases, women and their children have been given shelter at hotels, which Woolbright said isn't ideal, but helps them to escape their abusers.
In addition to reducing shelter capacity, St. Martha's Hall also asked each new family to isolate in a quarantine room for two weeks, to slow any potential spread of the virus.
St. Louis County Executive Sam Page announced in July that the county will reserve $1 million in federal pandemic relief funds for programs that help victims of domestic violence. The funding comes from the $173.5 million St. Louis County received through the federal Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act. St. Martha's Hall is among the service providers and others who have submitted proposals to receive some of the funding.
Woolbright credited St. Louis County for recently establishing a system to file orders of protection online. Legal Services of Eastern Missouri also has been helping clients to access court hearings virtually. "Most services we work with have done a good job of pivoting," she said. "I think everyone has done the best that they can under the circumstances. We're going to be dealing with the consequences of this for years to come."
>> If you need help
• Law enforcement agencies continue to respond to calls — dial 911 if you need immediate help.
• If it is safe to do so, contact your local domestic and sexual violence program for support and help in forming a safety plan. St. Martha's Hall is online at saintmarthas.org or at its 24-hour hotline, (314) 533-1313. For other resources, visit www.mocadsv.org/how-to-get-help/.
• You also can talk to an advocate when you call the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1 (800) 799-SAFE (7233) or live chat at www.thehotline.org.
>> Support St. Martha's Hall
• For information on donating online, including online shopping wish lists, see saintmarthas.org/ways-to-help.
• Or mail donations to St. Martha's Hall, Mailstop 472001, P.O. Box 953745, St. Louis, MO 63195-3745
• St. Martha's Hall is one of several Catholic Charities agencies supported by the Annual Catholic Appeal.
Saint Martha's Hall
Supported by the ACA
St. Louis Review Home
Related Articles Module
Related Articles View All
Year Review 2020
By: Joseph Kenny, Jennifer Brinker
Recent Articles Module
Other Recent CatholicSTL Articles View All
Expert in genetics puts it to use in helping patients
By: Joseph Kenny
Parishioners polar plunge for unity
By: Jennifer Brinker
Obituary | Sr. Stephanie Mertens, ASC
Obituary | Msgr. Raymond Orf
Special collections raised $5.7 million in 2020
Archdiocesan news briefs
Sacred artist sees her vocation as leading us to God
Chaminade student cites Dr. King, other civil rights leaders, as examples of working toward racial equality
From the Archive Module
St Marthas Hall continues to do what it can to help women and children during pandemic 5608
Sections CatholicSTL // Living Our Faith // Universal Church // Archbishop's Column // Pope's Message
Sunday Scripture // Editorials // Viewpoints // Dear Father // Obituaries

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Presentation offers guidance on communicating with people suffering from dementia
CECILIA BROWN
Journal Staff Writer
cbrown@miningjournal.net
MARQUETTE — More than 16 million Americans provide unpaid care for people who have Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia, according to the Alzheimer's Association.
Dementia is not a specific disease, but rather a set of symptoms interfering with a person's functioning by affecting a person's cognitive abilities, memory, motor function, psychological state and communication skills. The most common form of dementia in people over age 65, is Alzheimer's disease, a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder.
Family members, friends and many of the 16.1 million caregivers of people who suffer from dementia may wonder how to continue making meaningful connections with the person who has dementia.
To help people find more ways to connect and communicate with those with dementia, Clinical Supervisor Carol Blashill and Susie Lefler, home health aide and volunteer coordinator, both of Lake Superior Life Care & Hospice, gave a presentation April 5 at Brookridge Heights Assisted Living and Memory Care in Marquette.
"We're here to talk about some of the positive things so that we can bring some treasures to your life and those that suffer from dementia," Blashill said.
Blashill explained people are socialized to communicate in certain ways; however, when people suffer from dementia, they often experience short-term memory loss, which can make it difficult for them to engage in a typical back-and-forth conversation.
Because of the socialization, people tend to ask questions like "What did you have for lunch today?" or "How was your visit with your son?" But there are better ways to communicate with a person who has dementia, presenters said.
"You're maybe going to be doing the talking, but you're going to be talking about things that are relevant to them; they're going to remember those things maybe from the past," Blashill said.
An example given by presenters was: "You had tomato soup for lunch. I know how much you like tomato soup, and a grilled cheese sandwich too. Who ever thought those things would go together?"
Another important point made by presenters is that while the person with dementia may have impairments in their short-term memory, their long-term memories may remain relatively intact, providing an important avenue for connecting with them.
"When we share a memory, sometimes it can trigger a memory in them. People with Alzheimer's have those memories too," Blashill said.
Stories, smells, sounds, songs, objects and photos can help trigger these memories in people who have dementia — just like a song a parent played while you were growing up triggers a memory of that parent.
"Maybe we know the songs that were important to them, and when we sing them, they'll know them too," Blashill said.
Lefler said it's also important to live and respect the personal truth of a person with dementia.
As dementia progresses, a person gets younger in their mind. They lose many of their more recent memories, while strong, long-term memories of their childhood and early adult life remain, presenters said.
This can mean when someone in their 80's is visited by their adult children, they may not recognize them. But it doesn't mean they don't remember them entirely; it's rather that they may be looking for a version of their family that is decades younger.
"Dementia patients don't forget who their family members are … Remember that they still love you as a family member, (but) they may not recognize you," Lefler said.
Presenters suggested that if a family member with dementia doesn't recognize you, avoid correcting them and claiming that you are a family member, as they may not believe you.
Rather, they suggested, show the person a photo of yourself when you were younger or make a treasure chest with significant personal objects from their lives — this may help you make a connection with them and even hear stories you have never heard before.
Because a person with dementia may think it is a different time in their lives, they may also say things and ask questions that are not congruent with what we perceive. The presenters said it is important to recognize that correcting a person with dementia does not work, and that it's best to align yourself with their truth.
Avoid correcting them, stay calm and stay in their truth: using those tips to improve connection and communication can help the person with dementia, as well as the people around them, feel connected.
"So, can we create a perfect day for those that suffer with dementia? Maybe not," Blashill said. "But we can create a perfect moment, can't we? Just by talking about a memory, making them think about a memory. When they have that memory, in five minutes, maybe they won't remember that memory, maybe they won't remember that conversation, but that feeling will remain and that will make them have a better day, put them in a more positive mood."
From firewood to refurbished canoes
By JACKIE JAHFETSON Journal Staff Writer MARQUETTE — Chiseled cedar ribs, fainted varnish and a busted stern ...
MONDAY CHATHAM noon-Senior Dining, Chatham Manor, call 228-6522 before 9 a.m. GWINN 8:30 a.m. Aerobics 10 ...
Talking TRAVEL
By JACKIE JAHFETSON Journal Staff Writer MARQUETTE — Traveling, whether it be domestic or international, has ...
MONDAY CHATHAM: noon-Senior Dining, Chatham Manor, call 228-6522 before 9 a.m. GWINN: 8:30 a.m. ...
MONDAY CHATHAM: Noon, Senior Dining, Chatham Manor, call 228-6522 before 9 a.m. GWINN: 8:30 a.m., ...


text:
Iran's Petrochemical Industry Under Khamenei And IRGC's Thumb
by Nikoo Amini September 2, 2018 September 2, 2018 03482
Image by National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC)
The petrochemical industry of Iran was privatized in a process that spanned from 2005 to 2009. This was a convenient way of placing the industry under the full control of Iran's Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei and the Revolutionary Guards Corps, allowing them to fund terrorist activities abroad. Although very important, this issue has not been talked about much by the mainstream media.
According to a statement made by the Ministry of Oil's Planning Deputy in 2012, "85% of the country's foreign exchange earnings and 25% of Iran's Gross National Income are made through the sale of petroleum products". This means that a large chunk of Iran's profits come from oil.
When the industry was first privatized, it was run and controlled by the Ministry of Intelligence.
Former Minister of Intelligence Ali Fallahian, made some significant remarks about the petrochemical industry in a 2013 interview.
"At that time (referring to his tenure is the Ministry during Rafsanjani's administration), many people, especially Leader Khamenei, were putting pressure on the government, wondering how long we had to be dependent on oil. Eventually, we decided to make petrochemicals", he said.
"At that time, our oil revenue was $16 billion and with the planning that we carried out we reached a revenue of $16 billion in the petrochemical industry", the former Intelligence Minister added.
Iranian Fishermen Out Of Jobs While Regime Allows China To Rape Persian Gulf Causing Environmental Crisis
During this period, the Ministry of Intelligence increased assassinations abroad and its main source of income was from the petrochemical industry.
Unlike petroleum and gas, petrochemicals create many products, providing an excellent way to deliver illegal money to the Iranian regime and the IRGC.
The expansion of this industry was essentially carried out after the revolution by the Islamic Republic. At the end of the Shah's era, there were no more than two refineries or petrochemical plants in Iran. There are currently 50.
One of the ways in which the regime operates is the sale of low-priced materials to its affiliates. They initially declare a price and put out a bid and since there are no customers, they reward the IRGC affiliate who then buys the goods at a low price and sells it in other countries. The money is transferred to IRGC accounts abroad which is then used for terrorist activities.
Is Washington Scrambling To Prevent Iran-Backed Parties From Forming Iraq's New Government?
A number of petrochemical companies owned by the IRGC are as follows:
A chain of companies affiliated with the all-powerful "Setad Ejraiye Farmane Hazrate Emam" (Headquarters for Executing the Order of the Imam), in reference to regime founder Ruhollah Khomeini. These include the Tadbir Energy Development Group, the Persian Oil and Gas Company, Pars Oil Company, Basij Petrochemical Products, North Drilling, Tadbir Drilling Development and the Persian Oil and Gas.
Other companies include the Social Security Organization of the IRGC Armed Forces, the Persian Gulf Petrochemical Company, the Petrochemical Commerce Company, and Iran Investment Company.
These companies are entirely under the control of Khamenei and the Revolutionary Guards. They illegally transfer all the profit from the petrochemical industry in the manner described above, to the IRGC and the Supreme Leader.
A six-month investigation by Reuters has said that Khamenei controls a "financial empire" worth approximately US$95 billion that is not overseen by the Iranian Parliament, a figure much larger than the estimated wealth of the late Shah of Iran. This "financial empire" is the one and only Setad Ejraiye Farmane Hazrate Emam.
IranIRGCpetrochemical industryShare00
Photos: In Donetsk, More Than 120 Thousand People Came To Farewell To Zakharchenko
UK Television Station Allegedly Colludes With Iranian Ministry Of Intelligence To Demonize Iranian Resistance…Regime's Desperate Measures Against Uprising
Nikoo Amini
My name is Nikoo Amini and I'm currently residing in Europe, where I am the editor of a number of Iran news websites namely irannewswire.org. Our goal is to publish the latest news from Iran for the general public and the media. Our editorial team relies on scores of contacts and sources throughout the country to provide us with unique reports. These include eyewitnesses and individuals who have exclusive access to firsthand information from Iran.
Turkey's Resurgence In The Western Balkans, A Peaceful Conquest?
Kozeta Çika April 15, 2018 April 18, 2018
The Road To Minya: Egypt's Christians Under Attack Again
MECRA November 8, 2018 November 8, 2018
Cheered On By International Bodies, Albanian Socialists Announce Illegal Election Of High Court Judges
Vincent W. J. van Gerven Oei December 11, 2018


The deliciously soft fitted is one size and comes in your choice of polyester fleece outside with a coordinating *organic bamboo inside.* These are three layers consisting of one polyester fleece, one super heavy organic bamboo, and one organic bamboo velour serged together all the way around. They are gathered at the back and legs for a smooth, snug fit around your little blessing.
Each fitted comes with a five layer soaker for added wetness protection. This soaker has one layer of super heavy organic bamboo, three layers of organic double looped terry bamboo, and topped with velour.
You can choose snaps or no closure so that you can customize the fit to your baby. Simply fold down the front as much or as little as needed and secure with pins, a snappi, or with a good fitting cover. You can easily fold the top down out of the way of the umbilical cord on newborns.
The final photo pictures two completed fitteds. This listing is for only ONE fitted.


text:
Roger Louis Gérard de Berny (18 February 1880 – 21 December 1957) was a French politician of the French Third Republic.

He was born in Amiens and died in his hôtel on Rue Victor Hugo in Amiens, now the Hotel de Berny Museum. He was elected senator for the Somme in January 1936 and was one of those who voted to give full power to Marshal Pétain on 10 July 1940. de Berny did not return to government after the Second World War.

Sources

 "Gérard de Berny", dans le Dictionnaire des parlementaires français (1889–1940), sous la direction de Jean Jolly, PUF, 1960

References

Senators of Somme (department)
French Senators of the Third Republic
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
1880 births
1957 deaths
People from Amiens

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
From the Closed Claim Files: A surprise for the plaintiff's expert
by Marc Clint
Many years ago, I attended a trial in Cleburne, Texas, which is about 40 miles south of Fort Worth, Texas. Our defense counsel was Bill Chamblee, who is known to be an aggressive and successful medical malpractice trial lawyer.
During the direct examination of the plaintiff's expert by the plaintiff's counsel, Mr. Chamblee objected on the grounds that this expert witness was not qualified to render such an opinion. The judge excused the jury while both sides got to question the expert about his qualifications and opinions outside the presence of the jury.
The judge ruled that the plaintiff's expert was not qualified. The judge told the witness not answer the question and asked plaintiff's counsel to move on.
Before the jury was brought back in, the plaintiff's expert told the court that he has testified in many trials directly on this subject and was questioning the judge's decision. The judge was not having any of it. He warned the plaintiff's expert that if he answered that question or any similar question from plaintiff's counsel, the witness would be held in contempt.
The judge then had the bailiff bring the jury back in. Plaintiff's counsel — much to the surprise of everyone — asked a very similar question, to which Mr. Chamblee again objected. Before the court could rule on the objection, the plaintiff's expert answered the question.
The judge admonished him in front of the jury and reiterated for the jury what was discussed behind closed doors. The plaintiff's expert tried to explain why he was qualified to testify over the court's ruling. The judge then calmly ruled the expert was in contempt and instructed the bailiff to arrest him. He was escorted off the stand and taken out of the courtroom in handcuffs.
After we won the case, the bailiff sent Mr. Chamblee a booking photo of plaintiff's expert in a white-and-black jail suit. He was kept overnight and fined an unknown amount.
TMLT risk management: Then and now
Risk management services are an integral part of TMLT's commitment to physicians.
From the Closed Claim Files: An abandoned case
A trial ends unexpectedly


text:
package ru.pravvich.iterator_lessons.prime_iterator;

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;

/**
 * Iterator which get only prime numbers.
 * @param <T> some type which extends interface Number.
 */
public class PrimeIterator<T extends Number> implements Iterator {
    /**
     * Content values for processing.
     */
    private final T[] values;
    /**
     * тут с сингл респонсобилити для этого индекса как-то не очень получилось но как по другому хз(((
     * Index moves pointer forward after use method next().
     * And contain last index to array by prime value.
     * @see #existMorePrime().
     */
    private int index = 0;

    /**
     * Default constructor.
     * @param values - array for processing.
     */
    public PrimeIterator(final T[] values) {
        this.values = values;
    }

    /**
     * Check exist next cell in values array.
     * @return exist - true, not exist - false.
     */
    @Override
    public boolean hasNext() {
        return index < values.length && existMorePrime();
    }

    /**
     * Get next value which is prime number.
     * @return next value.
     */
    @Override
    public T next() {
        if (existMorePrime())
            return values[index++];

        throw new NoSuchElementException();
    }

    /**
     * If array this.values contain prime number,
     * record index (i) by prime number, in this.index.
     * @return prime number more exist - true, not - false.
     */
    private boolean existMorePrime() {
        for (int i = index; i < values.length; i++) {
            if (isPrime(values[i])) {
                this.index = i;
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Check whether a number is prime.
     * @param number for check.
     * @return is prime - true, not prime - false.
     */
    private boolean isPrime(final T number) {
        long num = number.longValue();

        if (num <= 0 || num == 1)
            return false;

        for (int i = 2; i < num; i++) {
            if (num % i == 0) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


In response to several requests in our forums, Mark Elliott has written a couple of VB scripts that backup and restore policies stored in a Citrix Presentation Server 4.0 or 4.
In response to several requests in our forums, Mark Elliott has written a couple of VB scripts that backup and restore policies stored in a Citrix Presentation Server 4.0 or 4.5 farm.
Download a ZIP file containing these two scripts here.
Thank You! Thank You! Thank You! I am about to migrate 3 different farms into one and all 3 of them have a ton of policies. I was wondering how I was going to automate this because there was no way I was going to do it manualy. Thank You!
I was just writing a script my own to accomplish the same.
We all were waiting for someone writing a script to backup or restore polices. Thank you mark for writing it but more for sharing it with the community!
Is there a good comprehensive list of policies and how people design them?
For my own interest(question for all those who read this article) how many policies do people have implemented in their environments?
....Yeah, that's right. You may have 100 or more Citrix policies in your farm.
So how many policies have you implemented in your FARMs?
The script is very useful , my situation is very particular.
My problem is to test if exist a session printer policy without printer connections, I build a script from this script, but I'm not a programmer and I'm not able to test this condition. Before line 231 of BackupPolicy.vbs I want to test if exist any printer connection for the policy.
First, thanks a lot fot the scripts.
Can I backup the policies from 4.0 farm and restore them to 4.5 farm?
it worked fine in my test farm. Not sure why it wont in my production farm.
It is probably something simple. Any ideas?
Trying to use the script to simply migration to PS 4.5 and when attempting to backup the existing PS4.0 Session Printer policies receiving the following error message - "Object doesnt support this property or method: aSessionPrinter.UseCustomSettings". I have the line number somewhere will dig it out for you. Any help greatly appreciated.
I'm getting the same error, did you ever get it resolved?
It seems like I need to upgrade or apply any Citrix Patch. Does anybody know?
I had the same problem. Needed to have at least R03 on my PS4.0 server farm.
Any suggestions before I resort to the tried and tested way, manual entry.
It seams to revolve round the differences in policy content , the first bit is on speed screen. Around Speed screen progressive display compresion.
There is a difference between 4.0 & 4.5 policies, no surprise there.
I'm having the same issue. Were you able to resolve this issue with the script?
I've modified the scripts now so the backup script records in the XML file the version of PS the backup was run from. When the restore script runs, it shouldn't try and apply any 4.5 only settings as these settings won't exist in the XML file.
It still needs a lot more error checking in it but hopefully it will get some people out of trouble. Also, as a poster mentioned earlier, it needs PS4.0 R03 or higher.
Mark,I am getting the following error when trying to restore from a successful Backup XML file:C:\Temp>cscript RestorePolicy.vbs -file:COA-CTXProd-Policies.xml -pf:0 -po:1
Microsoft (R) Windows Script Host Version 5.6
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation 1996-2001. All rights reserved.C:\Temp\RestorePolicy.vbs(130, 9) Microsoft VBScript runtime error: This key is
already associated with an element of this collection Any ideas what this could be?
C:\TEMP>cscript backuppolicy.vbs -lo:3
Microsoft (R) Windows Script Host Version 5.6
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation 1996-2001. All rights reserved.

(I) Connecting to Citrix farm
(I) Setting XML File
(I) Processing policy: Domain Users
(I) Processing Bandwidth\Visual Effects policies in Domain Users
(I) Processing Bandwidth\Speedscreen policies in Domain Users
(I) Processing Bandwidth\Session Limits policy in Domain Users
(I) Processing Client Devices policies in Domain Users
(I) Processing Printing policies in Domain Users
(I) Processing User Workspace policies in Domain Users
(I) Processing Shadowing polices in Domain Users
(I) Processing User Workspace\Time Zone settings in Domain Users
(I) Processing User Workspace\Password Manager settings in Domain Users
(I) Processing Security settings in Domain Users
(I) Processing Virtual Channel settings in Domain Users
(I) Processing Policy Filter settings in Domain Users
(I) Processing Access Control filter for Domain Users
(I) Processing Client IP filter for Domain Users
(I) Processing Client Name filter for Domain Users
(I) Processing Server filter for Domain Users
(I) Processing User filter for Domain Users
C:\TEMP\backuppolicy.vbs(427, 7) (null): Unspecified error Line 427 is... For Each aAccount in aPolicy.PolicyFilter.AllowedAccounts Anyone? This is XenApp 4.5 R02 farm.
hi,i am really happy with that script, but i ran into some questions.i created a script that generates me around 700 printer-policies to import them on a new farm.i considered to make one big xml-file, though the handling with seperate xml-files is way better - especially when adding additional printers in the future.now, when i run the for-loop to import those policies (xml-files) i get a authentication-popup for each "printer", that means again 700 interactions :Sso here the questions:is it possible to suppress that checkback or to provide the password in the script ?while creating the xml-file i thought about making a growing counter that defines me the value "<priority>1....700</priority>" till i found out that the policy-priority will be set with the next higher value automatically even using the same value like "1" for example.so should i leave value "1" for all 700 policies since it works ? ro is there any "wildcard" to make it the proper way ? thx in advance!
now that i got one major xml-file that i could restore if my datastore ever get corrupted, i got furthermore 700 single xml-files (1 per printer).
when we get a new printer (ic printer No. 701) in the farm, the xml-file printer_bla_701.xml is created automatically and the major xml-file is properly updated.
now when i try to restore/import the "printer_bla_701.xml", it seems whole set of already included policies in the datastore is checked again, since it takes about 10-15 minutes till the new printer is imported.is there any way to speed this up ?
The farm is the same as the one backuped from so the are no differences in version or other.
The BIG change is that the print server where all the session printers are connected was changed from servernameA to ServernameB.
I backed upp the policies.
Did a Search and replace of the server name in the XML file so that it reflects the new server name.
Now I need to do the restore with the newly edited XML file.
Same problem here!!Someone who solved this and how?
I guess the script changes were never updated on the site. As someone mentioned above commenting out the following lines worked. Coment out lines :--234-239251-253418-422Thanks for sharing Mark!
I wrote a tool to backup/restore or import/export policies between farms (I need to move 464 policies from 4.0 farm to 4.5 farm).
I tried to run the backup script created by Mark on my 4.0 farm and fails, I review the code and made a couple of changes and still fails... so I check my code and found some code to export session printers I wrote in June 2008, I took some pieces of code from Mark scripts (I loved the XML file option...my old code used a TXT file) and review MFCOM guide and got more code from there.
Ctx Policies Manager backup/restore/migrate Citrix Presentation Server 4.0 and Citrix XenApp 4.5 farms. I backup policies in both Citrix Presentation Server 4.0 and Citrix XenApp 4.5 farms and restore successfully in the Citrix XenApp 5.0 farm. Backup/Restore/Migration between Citrix XenApp 5.0 farms is not fully supported in this version.
Inspired by Mark's script I've also wrote a tool to manage Policies Export / Import.
My tool has been designed to be compatible with the XML files built by Mark's Scripts.
I've only added a tag to know from wich XenApp Version the Export was run.
XenApp Policies Export Manager has two components : A GUI and a Command Line version in case you want to run it programmatically.
You can also select the policies you want to backup / restore and if you want to apply filters or even disable the policy just after import.
It has been designed to run on XenApp 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 although new XenApp 5.0 policies are not integrated in the initial release.


text:
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class level3_marcopolo : MonoBehaviour {
    public Transform other;
    public Transform player;
    public float dist;
    public GameObject go;

    // Use this for initialization
    void Start () {
        go = GameObject.Find("marcopolo");
        dist = 999999f;
    }

	// Update is called once per frame
	void Update () {
		dist = Vector3.Distance(other.position, player.position);
        go.GetComponent<AudioSource>().volume = 0.5f;
    }
}


Feeling creative? Kids can invent their own moves and show them off with Freestyle Challenges! Challenge other players from all over the world and compete under the required time to determine the winner.


text:
January 9, 1905: "Bloody Sunday" – The Start of the First Russian Revolution
On January 9th 1905, hundreds of thousands of Russian workers flooded out on a massive demonstration in Petersburg, then the capital of Russia, to demand from the Tsar that he implement their demands. They were met by the Imperial Guard, who brutally shot into the crowds leaving over 200 dead, hundreds wounded and thousands under arrest. But the day, which became known as "Bloody Sunday" marked the start of what was to become the 1905 Russian Revolution, a dress rehearsal for 1917, during which the "Soviet of Workers' Deputies" emerged as the organizer of revolutionary action.
The events of 1905 provide many lessons for today. As with many of the protests we see around the world today, the consciousness of those participating in the early stages is undeveloped, many have illusions and hopes that sections of the ruling class will help them. But as they meet with reaction and repression, ideas are tested out and new methods of struggle are developed. The existence of a youthful, organized revolutionary force capable of guiding these processes are essential.
In October 1905, Lev Davidovich Trotsky was elected, at just 25 years of age, to head the Soviet. Below, we reprint an excerpt from Trotsky's book The Year 1905 entitled "January Ninth". In this chapter, Trotsky offered his description of the events of "Bloody Sunday".
"Sire! We workers, our children and wives, the helpless old people who are our parents, we have come to you, Sire, to seek justice and protection. We are in great poverty, we are oppressed and weighed down with labors beyond our strength; we are insulted, we are not recognized as human beings, we are treated like slaves who must suffer their lot in silence. And we have suffered it, but we are being driven ever deeper into beggary, lawlessness, and ignorance. Despotism and arbitrary rule are strangling us, and we are suffocating. Sire, our strength is at an end! The limit of our patience has been reached; the terrible moment has come for us when it is better to die than to continue suffering intolerable torment".
Thus began the celebrated petition of the Petersburg workers. In these words the proletarian threat may ring more true than the pleading of loyal subjects. The petition went on to describe all the oppressions and insults which the people had to suffer. It listed everything, from unheated factories to political lawlessness in the land. It demanded amnesty, public freedoms, separation of church from state, the eight-hour working day, a fair wage, and the gradual transfer of land to the people. But at the head of everything it placed the convening of a Constituent Assembly by universal and equal suffrage.
The petition ended:
"These, Sire, are our greatest needs which we bring before you. Command and swear that they will be satisfied, and you will make Russia great and glorious and imprint your name eternally upon our hearts and the hearts of our descendants. But if you do not grant them, if you fail to hear our plea, we shall die here, in this square in front of your palace. We have nowhere else to go and no other cause to serve. Before us lie only two paths: to freedom and happiness, or to the grave. Sire, point either of those paths to us and we shall follow, even if it is the path towards death. Let our lives be sacrificed for long-suffering Russia. We are not sorry to make this sacrifice; we shall make it willingly".
And they made the sacrifice.
The workers' petition not only replaced the hazy phraseology of liberal resolutions with the incisive slogans of political democracy, but also filled those slogans with class content by demanding the right to strike and the eight-hour day. Its historical significance lies, however, not in the text but in the fact. The petition was only a prologue to an action which united the working masses. They were united momentarily in their appeal to an idealized monarchy; then, in the recognition that the proletariat and the real monarchy were mortal enemies.
The course of events is still alive in the memories of all. It covered only a few days and it unfolded in a strange way, as though according to a plan. On January 3 a strike broke out at the Putilov works. By January 7 the number of strikers had reached 140,000. The culminating point of the strike was on January 10. By the thirteenth, work was already resuming. Thus, there was first an economic strike sparked off by incidental causes. It spread to tens of thousands of workers and so became transformed into a political event. The strike was organized by the "Association of Factory and Plant Workers," an organization which had its origins in the police. The radicals, whose banqueting policy had reached a dead end, were burning with impatience. Dissatisfied with the purely economic character of the strike, they pushed Gapon, its leader, forward to a more political position; but he found such discontent, anger, and revolutionary energy among the workers that the petty plans of his liberal backers were completely swamped. The social democrats moved to the fore. Met with hostility at first, they quickly adapted themselves to their audience and took control of it. Their slogans were taken up by the masses and incorporated in the petition.
The government withdrew into complete inactivity. For what reason? Cunning provocation? Pathetic confusion? Both. The bureaucrats of Prince Svyatopolk's type lost their heads stupidly. Trepov's gang, anxious to put an end to the "spring" and for that reason consciously hoping for a massacre, let events develop to their logical conclusion. The telegraph was allowed complete freedom to inform the entire world about every stage of the January strike. Every Paris concierge knew three days in advance that there was going to be a revolution in Petersburg on Sunday, January 9. And the Russian government did not move a finger to avoid the massacre.
Meetings went on incessantly in eleven sections of the workers' "Association." The petition was drafted and plans for the march to the palace were discussed. Gapon went from section to section; the social-democratic agitators grew hoarse and dropped to the floor with exhaustion. The police did nothing to intervene. The police did not exist.
As agreed, the march to the palace was a peaceful one, without songs, banners, or speeches. People wore their Sunday clothes. In some parts of the city they carried icons and church banners. Everywhere the petitioners encountered troops. They begged to be allowed to pass. They wept, they tried to go around the barrier, they tried to break through it. The soldiers fired all day long. The dead were counted in the hundreds, the wounded in the thousands. An exact count was impossible since the police carted away and secretly buried the bodies of the dead at night.
At midnight on January 9, Georgiy Gapon wrote:
"My pastor's curse upon the soldiers and officers who are killing their innocent brothers and their wives and children, upon the oppressors of the people. My blessing on those soldiers who help the people to strive for freedom. I absolve them from their military oath to the traitor Tsar who ordered the shedding of innocent blood."
History used Gapon's fantastic plan for its own ends – and all that was left for Gapon to do was to sanction its revolutionary conclusion with his authority as a priest.
At a meeting of the Committee of Ministers on January 11, Count Witte, not then in power, proposed that the events which had taken place on the ninth and the measures "for the future prevention of such regrettable events" be discussed. Witte's proposal was rejected as "not falling within the Committee's competence and not included in the agenda for the present meeting." The Committee of Ministers allowed the beginning of the Russian revolution to go unnoticed because the Russian revolution was not on its agenda.
The forms taken by the historic events of January 9 could not, of course, have been foreseen by anyone. The priest whom history had so unexpectedly placed for a few days at the head of the working masses imposed the imprint of his personality, his views and his priestly status on the events. The real content of these events was concealed from many eyes by their form. But the inner significance of January 9 goes far beyond the symbolism of the procession to the Winter Palace. Gapon's priestly robe was only a prop in that drama; the protagonist was the proletariat. The proletariat began with a strike, united itself, advanced political demands, came out into the streets, drew to itself the enthusiastic sympathy of the entire population, clashed with the troops and set off the Russian revolution. Gapon did not create the revolutionary energy of the workers of St. Petersburg; he merely released it, to his own surprise. The son of a priest, and then a seminarian and student at the Aeligious Academy, this agitator, so obviously encouraged by the police, suddenly found himself at the head of a crowd of a hundred thousand men and women. The political situation, his priestly robe, the elemental excitement of the masses which, as yet, had little political consciousness, and the fabulously rapid course of events turned Gapon into a "leader."
A spinner of fantasies on a psychological subsoil of adventurism, a southerner of sanguine temperament with a touch of the confidence man about him, a total ignoramus in social matters, Gapon was as little able to guide events as he was to foresee them. Events completely overtook him.
The liberals persisted for a long time in the belief that the entire secret of the events of January 9 lay in Gapon's personality. It contrasted him with the social democrats as though he were a political leader who knew the secret of controlling the masses and they a doctrinaire sect. In doing so they forgot that January 9 would not have taken place if Gapon had not encountered several thousand politically conscious workers who had been through the school of socialism. These men immediately formed an iron ring around him, a ring from which he could not have broken loose even if he had wanted to. But he made no attempt to break loose. Hypnotized by his own success, he let himself be carried by the waves.
But although, on the very next day after Bloody Sunday, we ascribed to Gapon a wholly subordinate political role, we all undoubtedly overestimated his personality. With his halo of holy anger, with a pastor's curses on his lips, he seemed from afar almost to be a Biblical figure. It seemed as though powerful revolutionary passions had been awakened in the breast of this young priest employed at a Petersburg transit prison. And what happened? When the lights burned low, Gapon was seen by every one to be the utter political and moral nonentity he really was. His posturing before socialist Europe, his pathetic "revolutionary" writings from abroad, both crude and naive, his return to Russia, his conspiratorial relations with the government, the pieces of silver dealt out by Count Witte, Gapon's pretentious and absurd interviews with representatives of the conservative press, and finally, the wretched betrayal which caused his end – all these finally destroyed any illusions concerning the Gapon of January 9.
We cannot help recalling the shrewd words of Viktor Adler, the leader of the Austrian social democrats, who, on reading the first telegram which announced Gapon's departure from Russia, said: "A pity … It would have been better for his name in history if he had disappeared from the scene as mysteriously as he had come upon it. We would have been left with a beautiful romantic legend about the priest who opened the floodgates of the Russian revolution. There are men," Adler added with the subtle irony so characteristic of him, "whom the role of martyrs suits better than that of party comrades."
"There is not yet such a thing as a revolutionary people in Russia." Thus wrote Peter Struve in his paper Osvobozhdenie (Liberation), published abroad, on January 7, 1905 – precisely two days before the guards regiments crushed the Petersburg workers' demonstration.
"There is no such thing as a revolutionary people in Russia," said Russian liberalism through the lips of a renegade socialist, having managed to persuade itself in the course of a three-months' banqueting jamboree that it was the principal actor on the political scene. The statement had not had time to reach Russia before the telegraph wires carried to all corners of the earth the great news of the beginning of the Russian revolution.
We had waited for it; we had never doubted it. For long years it had been for us the only logical conclusion of our "doctrine" which was mocked by nonentities of every political hue. They did not believe in the revolutionary role of the proletariat; instead, they believed in the force of the zemtsy's petitions, in Witte, in Svyatopolk-Mirsky, in jars of dynamite. There was no political prejudice in which they did not believe. Our belief in the proletariat was the only thing they regarded as prejudice.
Not only Struve, but also that "educated public" whose service he had lately joined were taken by surprise. With eyes gaping in terror and impotence they watched through their windows the unfolding of the historical drama. The intelligentsia's intervention in the events was truly pitiful and negligible. A deputation of several literary men and professors visited Prince Svyatopolk-Mirsky and Count Witte "in the hope," as the liberal press explained, "of illuminating the problem in such a way that the use of military force might be avoided." A mountain was moving against another mountain and meanwhile this democratic handful believed that a visit to a couple of ministerial ante-rooms would suffice to avoid the inevitable. Svyatopolk refused to receive the deputation. Witte only gestured hopelessly. And then, as though availing themselves of Shakespeare's license to introduce an element of farce into the greatest tragedy, the police declared the pathetic deputation to be the "provisional government" and dispatched it to the Fortress of Peter and Paul.
Yet the January days drew a sharp dividing line across the amorphous blurred field of the intelligentsia's political conscience. The intelligentsia temporarily relegated to the archives our traditional liberalism with its faith in the happy succession of governmental personalities. Svyatopolk-Mirksy's foolish reign had been the era of such liberalism's finest flowering, the reformist ukase of December 12 its ripest fruit. But January 9 swept away the "spring," replacing it by a military dictatorship and giving unlimited powers to Trepov, the unforgotten general, whom the liberal opposition had only just removed from the post of Moscow's police chief. At the same time the distinction between democrats and the official opposition became increasingly clear in liberal society. The workers' action strengthened the position of the radical elements within the intelligentsia, just as the zemtsy's conference had earlier put a trump card in the hands of the opportunist elements. The question of political freedom took on concrete form for the first time in the consciousness of the left wing of the opposition. They saw it in terms of struggle, the balance of forces, the onslaught of powerful popular masses. And now, the revolutionary proletariat – yesterday's "political fiction of the Marxists" – was seen to be a powerful reality.
"Is this the moment," wrote the influential liberal weekly Pravo, "after the bloody January days, to cast doubt on the historic mission of the Russian urban proletariat? It is evident that this question, for the present moment in history at least, has been solved – not solved by us, but by those workers who, during the memorable January days, by the force of the terrible and bloody events, wrote their names in the sacred book of Russia's social movement." Only a week had passed between the publication of Struve's article and the writing of those lines; yet a whole historical epoch lies between them.
January 9 was a turning point in the political consciousness of the capitalist bourgeoisie.
During the years just preceding the revolution and to the great dissatisfaction of capital, a whole school of government demagogy (the so-called Zubatov school) had come into being.
Its aim was to provoke workers towards economic clashes with the manufacturers and thus divert them from a clash with the state. But now, after Bloody Sunday, the normal course of industrial life came to a complete standstill. Work was only done in snatches, in the intervals between moments of unrest. The enormous profits from deliveries to the armed forces did not go to industry, which was in a state of crisis, but to a small group of privileged and predatory monopolists. There was nothing to reconcile industry with the state of growing chaos. One branch of industry after another passed to the opposition. Stock-exchange associations, industrial congresses, so-called "consultative bureaus" – that is to say, camouflaged syndicates – and other organizations of capital, politically virginal only yesterday, now vented their distrust of the autocratic police-state system and began to speak the language of liberalism. The city merchant showed that in the cause of opposition he had nothing to yield to the "enlightened" landowner. The dumas not only joined the zemstvos but, in some cases, placed themselves at their head. And the Moscow duma, which was an organization of merchants, moved into the front rank.
The struggle of various branches of capital among themselves for the favors and bounties of the Ministry of Finance temporarily receded in face of the universal demand for the renewal of civil and state order. Instead of simple notions about concessions and subsidies, or side by side with these, more complex ideas about the development of productive forces and the expansion of the domestic market began to emerge. Side by side with these dominant ideas, a sharp interest in calming the worker and peasant masses made its appearance in all the petitions, memoranda and resolutions of the employers' organizations. Capital was disillusioned with the panacea of police repression, which is like a rope that lashes at the living bodies of the workers with one end and whacks the industrialists' pockets with the other; and so it arrived at the solemn conclusion that the peaceful course of capitalist exploitation needed a liberal regime. "Et tu, Brute!" the reactionary press howled as it watched the Old Believer merchants of Moscow, pillars of ancient tradition, supporting the constitutional "platforms." But the howling did not bring the Brutus of the textile industry to a stop. He had to describe his political parabola, in order, at the end of the year, when the proletarian movement reached its apex, to claim once more the protection of the holy, the one and indivisible policeman's whip.
But the most profound and significant effect of the January massacre was upon the Russian proletariat. A tremendous wave of strikes swept the country from end to end, convulsing the entire body of the nation. According to approximate calculations, the strike spread to 122 towns and localities, several mines in the Donets basin and to railways. The proletarian masses were stirred to the very core of their being. The strike involved something like a million men and women. For almost two months, without any plan, in many eases without advancing any claims, stopping and starting, obedient only to the instinct of solidarity, the strike ruled the land.
At the height of the storm of strikes, in February 1905, we wrote:
"After January 9 the revolution knows no stopping. It is no longer satisfied with the hidden underground work of continually arousing new strata of the population; it is now making an overt and urgent roll call of its fighting companies, its regiments, battalions and divisions. The proletariat is the main force of its army and that is why the revolution has made the strike its means of carrying out this roll call.
"Trade after trade, factory after factory, town after town are stopping work. The railway personnel act as the detonators of the strike; the railway lines are the channels along which the strike epidemic spreads. Economic claims are advanced and are satisfied, wholly or in part, almost at once. But neither the beginning of the strike nor its end is fully determined by the nature of the claims made or by the form in which they are met. The strike does not occur because the economic struggle has found expression in certain well-defined demands; on the contrary, the demands are chosen and formulated because there has to be a strike. The workers have to reveal to themselves, to the proletariat in other parts of the country, finally to the nation at large, their accumulated strength, their class responsiveness, their fighting readiness. Everything has to be submitted to the universal revolutionary appraisal. The strikers themselves and those who support them, those who fear them and those who hate them, all realize or dimly sense that this furious strike which leaps from place to place, then takes off again and rushes forward like a whirlwind – that this strike is not merely itself, that it is obedient to the will of the revolution which has sent it down upon the land. Over the operational area of the strike – and that operational area is the country at large – there hangs something menacing, sinister and defiant.
"After January 9 the revolution knows no stopping. Without a care for military secrecy, openly, noisily, mocking the routine of life, dispelling its drugged dullness, the revolution leads us to its own culminating point".
Historical Reprint
Previous articleIndia: Massive Protest Against Communal Division and General Strike
Next articleGreece: Wave of Repression and Attacks on Workers' and Democratic Rights
Nagorno-Karabakh: Azerbaijan and Armenia Move Towards Open War
Inter-Imperialist Conflict and a New Cold War
Thousands of Nameless and Faceless Heroes: The History of the Trotskyist Left Opposition


text:
Visit At Home Events Exhibitions
Upcoming Past
Collection Learn + Play Membership Support Get Involved Museum Info Shop
The Incisive Imagination: Jacques Callot and His Contemporaries
February 6–May 2, 2004
Prints, Drawings and Photography Gallery
Jacques Callot (French, 1592–1635) had a significant impact on the history of printmaking, earning renown for his inventive imagery and his innovative techniques, and crafting a uniquely personal brand of Mannerism. After initial training in France, Callot launched his career in Italy, where he earned the patronage of Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. The highly spectacular Florentine theater inspired Callot to create prints, distinguished by extraordinary depth of field and lively tonal range that document the spirit of the age and commemorate its elaborate civic festivals. An exhibition highlight and recent acquisition, The Fair at Impruneta (1620) is an outstanding example that depicts some 1800 human and animal figures.
The Incisive Imagination: Jacques Callot and His Contemporaries traces the artist's extraordinary achievement, beginning with the artistic culture of his own day and then considering his impact on later generations of printmakers.
The exhibition is organized by the Milwaukee Art Museum and curated by Britt Salvesen, associate curator of prints, drawings and photographs and Sarah Kirk, assistant curator of prints, drawings and photographs.
Jacques Callot, The Fair at Impruneta, 1620. Etching. Milwaukee Art Museum, Purchase with funds given by Ethel K. Hockerman, from the collection of Philip and Dorothy Pearlstein.


text:
CWC DBA Championship Report
Somewhat delayed, here's the report of my five battles at the Christchurch Wargaming Club's DBA Competition. Sunday 18 July was the first half of this competition; it was for armies before AD 450. This was the competition that I'd been preparing for with the Carthaginians. It's also has the same format as the DBA competition at the IWC next year, so I could see it as practice for that. The standings at the end of the day are available at Across The Table. As you can see I came near the bottom with three draws, a loss and a victory, and that victory with the last dice roll of the competition!
It's now over a week since these games; I have a few photos of them, but not a complete record, though an improvement on my previous competition, where I took no photos. I didn't keep a record of elements killed for each of the games, so the reports will be somewhat short on detail.
Game 1: Eastern Patrician Romans, II/83b (Dave Batchelor)
Dave and I have been asked to be umpires at the IWC competition next year, so it was fitting we should square off at the start here. We were umpires at this competition; not that anything tricky came up.
I was the defender and deployed the waterway and a marsh and a wood, leaving an open centre for a faster result, especially as Dave had auxilia and warband who liked BGo. However, Dave got the waterway behind me and the marsh in his centre, which was not what I'd hoped for. I'd taken two elephants and two warbands. When I saw where Dave had put his knights, I swapped my warbands for the elephants.
Initial Deployments against Patrician Romans.
Dave played a defensive game, and by the end of it, when we ran out of time, I had a couple of his elements and he had at least one of mine. I had the edge on the left flank, and had been hoping to get his 3Cv general with my elephant: two rounds at 5-2 when he was double overlapped only got me pushbacks. However, facing the marsh Dave had the edge. I like to think that when time was called I had the advantage.
Midgame; I'd advanced across most of the board to get at the Patsies.
Game 2: Ariarathid Kappadokian, II/14 (Andrew Taylor)
My next game was against Andrew Taylor, who I've now played three times. He had a fantastic looking army, which had matching terrain; the cliffsides of Cappadocia complete with cave dwellings. He'd made them out of egg cartons, and they really looked great.
Against this army I opted to take only one elephant and no warbands. That gave me an extra 3Cv and four 2Ps. I didn't fancy facing this army on it own ground, but with my aggression of 3, that's what happened. Andrew loaded the table with hills and woods.
Initial Deployment against Ariarathid Kappadokians.
In response to his deployment I put a spear and psiloi on the left flank to block his cavalry and two psiloi on the right flank with the plan that if I got enough PIPs in the first turn I'd zip them across to the other side and hem him in. I got to do this, but it backfired on me. Not only did those two psiloi run into trouble, but it trapped him in the BGo where my cavalry couldn't get at him. With hindsight it would have been far better to let him out into the centre of the table where I could have used my mounted troops.
Late in the game; the Carthaginian general goes for broke.
As the game played out I lost those two psiloi on the right and the elephant. I managed to get one of his psiloi. We were running out of time and in what I thought would be the last turn I sent my general in against some of his auxilia. I didn't have much to lose, though little to gain. Unfortunately, the game went on for a few more turns, while my general was at real risk of dying. I was glad he hung on for a draw; I'd have been annoyed if he been lost to a form of miscommunication. I wonder if the calling of time couldn't be clearer, as some games seemed to go on for longer than others.
Anyway, this was a game that I was lucky not to lose, mainly because I felt the whole time that we would be short of time (I actually didn't know when it would end, so this was more an impression). Andrew suffered from command and control problems owing to his general and his right flank having a hill between them. I'd have been better to take my time and make him take some risks. My efforts to hurry things on only brought me close to defeat.
Game 3: Early Imperial Romans, II/56 (Stephen Malone)
The first two rounds had been played with random match-ups with the main intent to avoid having the Timaru players play each other. After lunch the competition used a Swiss chess method, so I started to play games against people at the bottom of the table. My first battle was against Steve Malone, who brought the Romans that he'd won at Conquest last year. They looked very nice. Not that they provided much nice for the Carthaginians to face. I opted not to play the elephants against a combination of auxilia and artillery. I also took all the warbands, hoping they might run into his blade.
Initial Deployment against Early Imperial Romans.
I was the defender and played a waterway with two small pieces of terrain near it and a long marsh parallel to it on the other side of the board. Steve deployed on a narrow frontage and advanced his auxilia through the marsh and his cavalry on the left wing. I saw no advantage to contesting the marsh, but took the bait (as Steve later revealed it was) of the cavalry, and advanced mine to meet it. Once my cavalry was in the middle of the table, his turned tail. I was in range of his artillery, and also being ZOCed, I think, in places by his auxilia. Before long, aided by some execrable dice (and, boy, did I execrate!), I'd lost all the cavalry besides the general, who beat a retreat to the right flank. I actually cycled through six dice that had all rolled 1s, most in combat.
Late game after the Carthaginian cavalry has been demolished.
However, my PIP dice were somewhat better, and the general took shelter near the marsh supported by the Gauls. And the dice must have started to even out, as I got one of the auxilia before time and held on for a lucky draw. I could blame the dice all I liked, and they didn't help, but I didn't really have a plan to face these Romans, and who knows, if the cavalry hadn't been so quick to die I might have dug myself into a deeper hole!
Game 4: Marian Romans, II/49 (Barrie Cameron)
My next game was against Marian Romans, an army I ought to know about after facing Joel's so many times, but on this occasion I was bereft of ideas. I took both elephants and all the Gauls as the best stuff to scare blades. I was the attacker and Barrie put out very little terrain. He deployed in a line, and I can only blame tiredness for copying him. With hindsight I could have gone for one wing, forcing his slower force to redeploy and tried to win with weight of numbers.
Initial Deployment against Marian Romans.
Instead I sent the Numidians out around the flank to take his camp. It failed on the first combat and then PIPs started to become scarce and I started to look at all the unattractive match-ups that were looming. I tried to get my elephant on the left flank to face his cavalry, but before I could get the line all matched up I rolled a 1 for PIPs just when we were inches apart. I couldn't even get the elephant into the line. And the next turn Barrie ploughed into me taking out four elements in one turn, my first defeat.
After contact.
Once I made this a frontal slog I was always likely to lose. It was made more final by Barrie getting to make the contact. He took out the auxilia (blades on overlapped auxilia in the open—ouch!), the double-ranked warband, who were double-overlapped and even an unlucky element of spear. My elephant pushed back his blade as did one of my spears, but there were no face-saving kills!
Game 5: Alexandrian Imperial, II/15 (Nigel Write)
The final battle, fighting for the wooden spoon, was with Nigel. I went for two elephants and two warbands. I was the defender and decided on a littoral landing (the Spanish and the Numidians: 1x3Ax, 1x2Ps and 1x2LH). After Nigel deployed I swapped an elephant and a spear to get the warband onto the right flank to support this littoral landing.
Initial Deployment against Imperial Alexander.
Nigel quickly showed that my complaints about bad dice were child's play as his first four PIP dice were 1, 4, 1 and 1 and first three combat rolls were all 1s (I kept a record, as it was getting embarrassing). I only had a 1 for my first PIPs, which got the landing down. Unfortunately, I got so wrapped up in this game I didn't take any photos after the first.
The littoral landing got off to a great start, as Alexander's troops floundered. His light horse were doubled by the Numidians in an even odds fight and then his auxilia went down to the Scutarii (as will happen when you roll 1s in combat). I'm not sure if his psiloi went down in the third combat, which was a 1-1 on the dice. I do know that the dice even up from there, but with my control of the right flank I had the advantage. I moved the Gauls into the top of the marsh and in the melee with the Spanish I went three up. At this point I reckoned Nigel was toast, but he stuck at it, and got both my Gauls with his knights (contacted on their flanks they came out of the BGo). Then he took out an elephant with his own. Very quickly it was 3-3 and we were getting close to time. Nigel let me have one more turn. I got 1 for the PIP die. I could move only one element, and the only thing that was at all attractive was the forlorn hope of a spear against a pike element with no overlap support either way. Fortune smiled on me as we rolled 5-1. The 1 returned to scuttle Nigel in the last roll and I got my only victory.
Clearly the practice against pike armies of the three days before paid off, as my only victory was against one! My other results I think pretty fairly reflect my relative inexperience in competitions. I might have won the opening game if I'd played a little faster, I might have had a closer game against Andrew if I'd not been in such a hurry, I might have had some answer to Steve's Romans, and I really have no one to blame but myself for the defeat against Barrie.
There was a first in this competition for me: my first littoral landing that didn't lose me the game! It actually worked out very well for me, though the dice added it a good deal.
I definitely feel I'm getting the hang of the Carthaginians. They've got an interesting mix of troop types. One could wish for a lot of things to make the perfect army, but for the Carthaginians two changes would be very nice:
allow them to have another Auxilia, as the Spanish seem underrepresented in their armies. This would give them a big edge when contesting BGo against all those armies that have one Auxilia and one Psiloi.
allow the Libyan spear the option to be fielded as 4Bd as Hannibal's veterans.
Arguments for both of these can be made, and they would make the Carthaginians a very nasty opponent. The second option reminds me of the Mithridatic (II/48) army that came third at this competition. It has the potent option to take pikes or blades, which Arne used, I believe, to effect. As a determined enemy of the Romans this is an army I could get interested in, but I won't go there just now!
Anyway, it was a very enjoyable day. Thanks to Brian for organizing it, and to Keith, my generous host for the occasion. I liked the venue; the Working Men's Club was warm and had food and drinks, a far cry from the Scout Halls used in Auckland! It was good to see people I'd met at Conquest last year, and in particular Craig, whose blog I've been following.
Filed in Battle Reports, Competitions, DBA, II/14: Ariarathid Kappadokians, II/15: Alexandrian Imperial, II/32: Later Carthaginians, II/49: Marian Romans, II/56: Early Imperial Romans, II/83: Patrician Romans


This was the 'Ethiopia's endemics' trip with Naturetrek. We visited the Simien Mountains, the Awash National Park, Lake Awassa in the Great Rift Valley, the Bale Mountains and the shores of Lake Langano amongst other places. We also stayed on for a few nights in Addis on our own. The tour was good and the leader, an Eritrean, Merid, was excellent. Unfortunately this opinion was not shared by other members of the party that put something of a sour note on the trip. We nevertheless enjoyed it.
I have split the photos into two groups. The birds page is just a small selection of the species seen, and the people and places is a fairly random selection of photos that I hope gives a feel for the trip.


text:
ICBC benefits double to better support crash victims
Friday, June 1, 2018 9:15 AM
People injured in a traffic crash on or after Jan. 1, 2018, are now eligible for up to $300,000 from ICBC toward their medical care and recovery, up from a previous maximum of $150,000.
This improvement will help the 35 British Columbians on average each year who are catastrophically injured in crashes, and face lifetime care expenses that would have exceeded the previous limit. In addition to wage loss and medical appointments, accident benefits can cover extraordinary supports, such as home care, wheelchairs and vehicle upgrades for accessibility.
"This is the first major improvement to ICBC's accident benefits in more than 25 years, made possible by reining in out-of-control legal and other costs, which will also put ICBC on the road to fiscal sustainability," said Attorney General David Eby. "We're shifting the focus to a care-focused insurance system — one that makes taking care of people injured in a crash the top priority, with more money for the treatments and support they need to get better, and firm control on legal and autobody repair costs."
"The doubling of benefits to $300,000 means those facing severe injuries will be able to live with dignity," said Lorraine Tran, who was catastrophically injured in a collision with a moose. "When I was injured, I knew the $150,000 wasn't going to last. A wheelchair, a suitable van and a bed are just basic, initial necessities."
"Disability Alliance BC (DABC) has been advocating for improvements to accident benefits for 12 years," said Jane Dyson, DABC executive director. "The doubling of the overall allowance for medical care and recovery is a significant improvement, and we welcome these long overdue changes, which will mean that people who are catastrophically injured in motor vehicle accidents have better supports available to help them rebuild their lives. We are very happy to know that the regulations governing this important change have been completed."
Additional improvements are planned for April 1, 2019.
The previous limit of $150,000 for medical care and recovery expenses was set in 1991.
Accident benefits are available to anyone injured in a crash, regardless of who is at fault.
Effective April 1, 2019, when cost-saving reforms around the resolutions of minor injury claims come into force, additional improvements to ICBC accident benefits will include:
Wage loss payments for customers injured and unable to work will increase to $740 per week from $300 — up 147%.
Benefits to help with household tasks like cooking, cleaning and grocery shopping will increase to $280 per week from $145 — up 93%.
The funeral cost benefit will increase 200%, to $7,500 from $2,500.
Death benefits, which include payments to surviving family members, will rise to $30,000 from $18,000.
These changes, along with a limit on payouts for pain and suffering for minor injuries and use of the Civil Resolution Tribunal, will enable not just these benefit improvements, but are also expected to reduce ICBC's claim costs by more than $1 billion per year.
These changes help address the massive growth in injury costs in B.C., which rose by 80% between 2009 and 2016, to $2.7 billion from $1.5 billion.
Video: Car Insurance in B.C. – Increasing Care: https://bit.ly/2skq5yL
ICBC product changes announced Feb. 6, 2018: https://news.gov.bc.ca/releases/2018ag0003-000164
ICBC legislation focuses on affordability and supporting crash victims: https://news.gov.bc.ca/releases/2018AG0025-000716


There are not many things in life people agree about. So, if a holiday is called a worldwide or international one, and people agree to celebrate, or commemorate something at the global level, it means that this holiday (or commemoration) is based on things that are REALLY important. We're sure that you don't want to miss anything important, so we give you a complete list of Holidays and Special days observed all over the world.
Most such holidays are intended to unite people from different culture by focusing on issues that matter to everyone.


Zenith Power Products manufacturers a full line of fuel efficient, clean burning, EPA Certified industrial engines. Zenith provides solutions for the natural gas, propane, and gasoline engines ranging from 1.6L to 12.0L of displacement. If you are needing to power industry Zenith has a solution.
Dealer Login. Zenith Firearms welcomes the opportunity to expand business by partnering with others who share our interests and ideals. Dealers and Distributors receive priority attention, and while we will not sell our firearms for less than the MSRP, we do offer a tiered pricing structure for qualified distributors and dealers.
Salon Furniture & Spa Equipment packages at wholesale price in Toronto, Canada. We offer barber chair, shampoo sink unit, salon styling chair, hair trolley, styling station, reception desk, spa chair, pedicure chair, manicure table and aesthetic massage beds are on sale. We are the largest manufacturer, wholesaler and supplier for hair salons, salon schools, spas and salon retailers in Ontario.
Zenith watches was founded in 1865 by Georges Favre-Jacot, who, at the young age of 22, was one of the first watchmakers to understand the importance of the principle of interchangeable parts.
This Zenith 1911 from Tisas is the all-stainless version with an accessory rail. It retails for $599.99, and I can say that, after I pulled the pistol from the box and opened the red case, I was impressed by its look. While it took me a minute to get used to the rail, this 1911 is .
Zenith watches are meant for the young at heart who have an appreciation for tradition, high-quality in-house work, and innovative technology. Movements developed and produced in-house are even featured in some of the Elite collection 's introductory models.
ZENITH WATCHES . Zenith watches have been at the forefront of cutting edge technology as well as innovative designs. Founded in 1865 by George Favre-Jacot and named for the North Star, the zenith of the night sky, Zenith has revolutionized the watch industry with its dedication to precision and revolutionary design.
The Timepiece Collection is a Zenith authorized dealer in Bergen County, New Jersey with an excellent assortment of Zenith watches and chronographs from the Zenith El Primero and Heritage collections to the Zenith Captain, Pilot, Elite and Star watches.
Xenith products are distributed through a global network of authorized dealers and distributors.
HeathZenith products can be found at Home Improvement Centers, Electrical Distributors, Hardware Stores, Lighting Showrooms and select Wholesale Clubs across the U.S and Canada. Check with your local Electrical Distributor, Lighting Showroom or retailer for more information.
Zenith's experience and expertise delivers high-quality, high value contract manufacturing results. Zenith is a quality driven manufacturer of high value, competitively priced products.


text:
Codul rutier din România, intrat în vigoare de la 1 decembrie 2006, prevede sancționarea șoferilor indisciplinați cu puncte de penalizare. La acumularea a 15 puncte de penalizare se suspendă permisul de conducere pe o perioadă de 30 zile. Dacă în următoarele 12 luni (de la data expirarii ultimei suspendari a exercitarii dreptului de a conduce) se recidivează, permisul este suspendat pe o perioadă de 60 de zile.

 Punctele de penalizare se anulează la împlinirea termenului de 6 luni de la data constatării contravenției.
 Suspendarea exercitării dreptului de a conduce anulează toate punctele de penalizare acumulate până în acel moment.
 Un punct-amendă reprezintă, valoric, 10% din venitul minim brut pe economie, fiind inghetat la valoarea venitului minim brut din 1 februarie 2017, 1450 lei, adica 145 lei per punct amenda, stabilit prin OUG 130/2021.

Puncte de penalizare

2 puncte de penalizare
 folosirea incorectă a luminilor de drum la întâlnirea cu un autovehicul care circulă din sens opus;
 folosirea telefoanelor mobile în timpul conducerii, cu excepția celor prevăzute cu dispozitive de tip "mâini libere";
 lipsa centurii de siguranță;
 depășirea cu 11-20 km/h a vitezei admise;
 circulația pe un sector de drum pe care accesul este interzis;
 nerespectarea regulilor privind manevra de întoarcere, mersul înapoi, schimbarea benzii sau a direcției de mers;
 nerespectarea obligației de a folosi luminile de întâlnire și pe timpul zilei;
 staționarea neregulamentară;
 refuzul înmânării actelor polițistului, precum și refuzul de a permite verificarea vehiculului;

3 puncte de penalizare
 oprirea nejustificată ;
 circulația pe bandă de urgență a autostrăzilor ;
 depășirea cu 21-30 km/h a vitezei admise;
 nerespectarea regulilor privind manevra de întoarcere, mersul înapoi, schimbarea benzii de circulație sau a direcției de mers;
 nepăstrarea unei distanțe corespunzătoare față de vehiculul care îl precede;
 nerespectarea semnificației indicatorului "ocolire", instalat pe refugiul stațiilor de tramvai;
 pătrunderea într-o intersecție atunci când circulația în interiorul acesteia este blocată;
nerespectarea condițiilor privind transportarea copiilor minori;

4 puncte de penalizare
 nerespectarea obligațiilor în cazul vehiculelor rămase în pană sau avariate;
 nerespectarea semnificației indicatorului "STOP";
 depășirea cu 31-40 km/h a vitezei admise;
 circulația în timpul nopții sau ziua, pe timp de ceață, ninsoare abundentă sau ploaie torențială, cu un autovehicul fără lumini sau fără semnalizare;
 conducerea unui autovehicul fără certificate de înmatriculare;
 conducerea autovehiculului pe spațiul destinat circulației tramvaiului când drumul e prevăzut cu mai multe benzi;

6 puncte de penalizare
 refuzul de a permite imobilizarea vehiculului / verificării tehnice;
 nerespectarea semnalelor agentilor de cale ferată ;
 depășirea cu 41-50 km/h a vitezei admise;
 conducerea unui vehicul care nu are montată una dintre plăcuțele cu numărul de înmatriculare, sau cu plăcuța de înmatriculare așezată în alt loc decât în cel omologat;
 circulația sau staționarea pe spațiul interzis;
 staționarea ori parcarea autovehiculelor pe autostradă, în alte locuri decât cele special amenajate și semnalizate;
 executarea pe autostradă a manevrei de întoarcere sau de mers înapoi;
 nerespectarea semnificației indicatoarelor:
 Trecere la nivel cu o cale ferată simplă, fără bariere
 Trecere la nivel cu o cale ferată dublă, fără bariere
 Oprire instalată la trecerea la nivel cu o cale ferata;
 schimbarea direcției de mers dacă se încalcă marcajul longitudinal continuu care separă sensurile de circulație;
 pătrunderea într-o intersecție dirijată prin semafoare, dacă prin aceasta se produce blocarea circulației;

Evidenta puncte de penalizare
În conformitate cu prevederile art. 208 din O.U.G. 195/2002 Republicată titularul permisului de conducere, la cerere, are dreptul să obțină, personal, la sediul poliției rutiere din județul care îl are în evidență, informații cu privire la numărul de puncte ce i-au fost aplicate.

Legături externe

 Codul Rutier - Consulta rapid folosind motorul de cautare prevederile OUG 195/2002 si ale HG 1391/2006 - Regulamentul de aplicare al OUG 195/2002
 punctepenalizare.com - aplicație online pentru evidența punctelor de penalizare
 Odat.ro - lista tuturor penalizarilor auto explicate pe indelete in functie de numarul de puncte alocat fiecarei greseli.
http://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocument/74028
Fondări în 2006
Coduri
Transporturi rutiere
Legislație rutieră


Background. There is limited research conducted on uncorrected refractive errors, presbyopia, and spectacles use among the elderly population in residential care in developing countries such as India. We conducted a cross-sectional study among elderly in residential care to assess the spectacle coverage and spectacles usage in the south Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Methods. All 524 residents in the 26 "homes for aged" institutions in the district were enumerated. Eye examination was performed that included visual acuity (VA) assessment for distant and near vision. A questionnaire was used to collect information on spectacles use. Results. 494/524 individuals were examined, 78% were women, and 72% had no education. The mean age of participants was 70 years. The spectacle coverage for refractive errors was 35.1% and 23.9% for presbyopia. The prevalence of current use and past use of spectacles was 38.5% (95% CI: 34.2–42.8; ) and 17.2% (95% CI: 13.9–42.8), respectively. Conclusions. There is low spectacle coverage for both refractive errors and presbyopia among elderly individuals in residential care in the south Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Appropriate service delivery systems should be developed to reach out this vulnerable group of seniors on a priority basis.
Uncorrected refractive errors remain the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide . It is one of the priorities of VISION 2020, The Right to Sight initiative. Uncorrected refractive errors that result in visual impairment are termed as correctable visual impairment by few authors . Presbyopia is now recognized as a major problem affecting over a billion people globally out of which 517 million are in need of correction for near vision . By far, spectacles remain the most common and cost-effective intervention for refraction errors and presbyopia worldwide. Despite this, the data on spectacle usage patterns is limited.
There is limited research conducted on uncorrected refractive errors and spectacles use among the elderly population in residential care in developing countries such as India. Elderly people living in residential care are a vulnerable group and tend to have a higher prevalence of visual impairment compared to the general population as evidenced in studies from developed countries [4–9]. Higher prevalences were also found in the studies conducted in developing countries [10–12]. In both developed and developing countries, uncorrected refractive errors were major causes of visual impairment.
In a recent study among the elderly in residential care in the state of Andhra Pradesh, we discovered that uncorrected refractive errors were the second leading cause of visual impairment after cataract . This follow-up paper from the same study extends beyond prevalence and causes of visual impairment and reports on uncorrected refractive errors, spectacles use and coverage. We also report on uncorrected presbyopia among this elderly population. As both refractive errors and presbyopia can be easily addressed through primary eye care approach of eye screening by paramedical personnel and dispensing of spectacles, our results have implications for planning such services for elderly population in residential care in India. The data from both papers together provide a comprehensive overview of the eye care needed among elderly population in residential care in the south Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
The study was approved by the institutional review board of L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Indian and followed the tenets of declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all the study participants before commencing with the study procedures.
The details of the eye examination protocol are described elsewhere . In brief, a team consisting of an ophthalmic officer (paramedical ophthalmic personnel) and a field assistant visited the "home for the aged" institutions and conducted eye examinations. Distant and near visual acuity (VA) were assessed. A questionnaire was used to collect information on present and past spectacles use, the spectacles provider, and the purpose of using the spectacles. The spectacles providers were classified as private eye clinics (small clinics usually staffed by paramedical ophthalmic personnel who are available and eye examination is performed; few clinics also have a visiting ophthalmologist at a regular frequency), nongovernment eye hospitals, optical shops (shops where there are no formally trained eye care personnel available and spectacles are prescribed based on subjective correction or based autorefraction), and eye camps (make-shift eye clinics where refraction is performed and spectacles are provided free of cost).
To calculate the spectacle coverage, "met need" was defined as the number of subjects who were using their spectacles to correct refractive error and/or presbyopia. For refractive errors, all subjects who had unaided VA < 6/18 in either eye, which improved to 6/18 or better with spectacles, were considered to have had their need met; that is, their refractive error was corrected. "Unmet need" was defined as the number of subjects who had unaided VA < 6/18 in either eye but improved to 6/18 or better with pinhole and had no spectacles. Total need, which is the sum of met and unmet needs, gives the prevalence of refractive error in the population. The concept of spectacle coverage is similar to that used in previous studies [14, 15]. The spectacle coverage (%) for refractive errors was calculated as follows: spectacle coverage (%) = (met need/met need + unmet need) 100.
For presbyopia, "met need" was defined as unaided near vision <N8, but improved to N8 or better with the spectacles they were using. "Unmet need" was defined as unaided near vision <N8 and had no spectacles for near vision but improved to N8 or better with a near addition, that is, uncorrected presbyopia. Total need, which is the total of unmet and met needs, gives the prevalence of presbyopia in the population. The same formula described earlier was used to calculate the spectacle coverage for presbyopia. The N8 criterion was used as a conservative estimate of corrected presbyopia. It also corresponds to newsprint in India, and this criterion was also used in previous studies [14, 16].
Data management and analysis were done using SPSS 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Point prevalence estimates and 95% CI (confidence intervals) were calculated. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between current use of spectacles and demographic variables. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI is presented.
A total of 524 subjects were enumerated from 26 institutions for the elderly, and 494 (94.3%) were examined. Data was not available on 15 participants who had systemic conditions and hence eye examination was not possible. Another 15 subjects were not available during the visit. Among those who were examined, 78.1% of the subjects were female, and 72.1% had no education. Nearly 57% of those examined were aged 70 years or older. The mean age of the participants was 70 years (standard deviation = 8.6 years).
Refractive errors were present in 114/494 (23.1%; 95% CI: 19.4–26.8) individuals. These were uncorrected (unmet need) in 74 individuals (7.8%; 95% CI: 5.4–10.2) and corrected (met need) in 40 individuals. Based on these, the spectacle coverage for refractive errors was 35.1%. The spectacle coverage for refractive errors was higher among older individuals, men, and those with any education. The unmet need for refractive errors was associated significantly with the level of education ; no significant association was found with age and gender (Table 1).
Presbyopia was present in 271 individuals (55.1%; 95% CI: 50.7–59.4). It was uncorrected (unmet need) in 207 individuals (41.9%; 95% CI: 73.5–46.3) and corrected (met need) in 65 individuals. Based on this the spectacle coverage for presbyopia was 23.9%. The spectacle coverage for presbyopia was higher among men and those with any education. The unmet need for presbyopia was significantly associated with age and levels of education but not with gender (Table 1).
The prevalence of current spectacles use was 38.5% (95% CI: 34.2–42.8; ). It was significantly higher in older individuals and those with education . Though spectacle use was higher among men than women, it was not statistically significant . A total of 85/494 (17.2%; 95% CI: 13.9–42.8) individuals reported the use of spectacles in the past. The common reasons quoted for discontinuation of spectacles were "lost spectacles and no money to buy a new pair" ( ; 44.7%), "no benefit from use of spectacles" ( ; 27.1%), "broken or scratches on the lenses" ( ; 24.8%), and "discomfort with spectacles" ( ; 3.5%). The past use of spectacles was not associated with age, gender, or education (Table 2).
Table 2: Present and past spectacles uses.
On applying multiple logistic regression, the current use of spectacles was associated with older age, any level of education and history of surgery in either eye. Though the odds of spectacles use were higher among women than men, it was not statistically significant (Table 3).
Table 3: Multivariate analysis showing associations with spectacles use.
Among the current users of spectacles, the single vision for distance was the most commonly used type of spectacles ( ; 51.1%) followed by bifocals ( ; 45.3%). Single vision spectacles for near vision only were being used by seven individuals (3.7%). Private eye clinics ( ; 72.6%) were the leading service providers for spectacles followed by local nongovernment organizations ( ; 13.2). Fourteen individuals (7.4%) procured their spectacles directly from an optical shop, and the remaining 13 (6.8%) individuals got their spectacles at no cost from a government screening camp.
We found a high prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors, presbyopia, and low spectacle coverage in elderly population in residential care in the south Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Previously, we had reported a high prevalence of visual impairment in this population out of which over 26% was due to uncorrected refractive errors . Several papers have reported the prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors in the elderly in general population [2, 11, 17–19], 10% in Taiwan , 3.0% and 3.2% in the United Kingdom [8, 17, 20], 13.4% in Hong Kong  compared to 7.8% in the present study. The cross-comparisons of the results across the studies are of limited value owing to differences in the definition of uncorrected refractive errors, study settings, and population. The data from population-based cross-sectional studies cannot be used to compare our findings from residential care as both populations are very different. The residential care institutions tend to have more elderly people who are predominantly women.
Uncorrected refractive errors are the easiest of the public eye heath challenges that can be addressed, especially in elderly people in residential care. It is cost effective and the benefit is immediate which in turn can vastly improve the quality of life of these people .
We found a prevalence of presbyopia that was similar to a previous study from the state of Andhra Pradesh . However our reported prevalence was higher than that reported from a previous study that had a younger age group , which was expected. Both of these studies were population-based compared to a specific group of elderly population in the present study.
Spectacles use was not frequently reported in studies on the elderly. The study from Andhra Pradesh reported 17.4% prevalence of current spectacles use [22, 23], and the Chennai study revealed a prevalence of 17.6% and 52.6% in the rural and urban samples, respectively . While the study from Andhra Pradesh included participants of all ages, the Chennai study was limited to those aged ≥40 years [22, 23]. Our finding of prevalence of 38.5% was higher than that reported from Andhra Pradesh and rural segment of Chennai study. However, it is less than that found in urban area in the Chennai study. The spectacle coverage for refractive errors was previously reported as 28.4% and 29% compared to 35% in the present study [14, 15]. Similarly the spectacle coverage for presbyopia was reported as 11.1% and 19% compared to 24% in the present study [14, 15]. The higher coverage can be attributed to the older population in the present study compared to the other two studies.
The use of pinhole based definition for refractive errors as a surrogate measure of refractive errors, though helpful for rapid evaluation of the individuals who could benefit from spectacle correction, is not free from limitations. The results may vary if refraction was conducted on all the individuals. The inclusion of data regarding quality of life and visual function of participants could have provided more insights; however, these were not assessed due to time constraints. The visual needs of older people in residential care may differ from those in the general population and other populations, so this may be an important area for future research.
In summary, we found a high prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors, uncorrected presbyopia, and low spectacle coverage. Appropriate service delivery systems including eye screening and spectacles dispensing programmes should be developed to reach out this vulnerable group of seniors on a priority basis. The correction of refractive errors and presbyopia may indirectly impact their general well-being, quality of life and contribute to a more independent living.
Srinivas Marmamula and L. V. Chandra Sekhar Ravuri contributed to the design and conduct of the study, data collection, and management; Srinivas Marmamula, L. V. Chandra Sekhar Ravuri and Mei Ying Boon were involved in analyses and interpretation of data; Srinivas Marmamula, Mei Ying Boon, and Rohit C. Khanna were involved in preparation of paper; and Srinivas Marmamula, Mei Ying Boon, L. V. Chandra Sekhar Ravuri, and Rohit C. Khanna reviewed and approved the paper.
The financial support for this study was provided in part by the Andhra Pradesh Right to Sight Society, India and by Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, India. The authors thank the volunteers for their participation in the study. The authors acknowledge Dr. Sreedevi Yadavalli for her assistance with language editing of the paper.


The Library of the Hamburg Institute for Social Research is a member of the DigiBib, a cooperative partnership of more than 200 German libraries. Through this network, partner libraries offer access to their collections and data bases and collaborate in using web resources.
Searches: Parallel or individual searches can be conducted in library catalogs and data bases (30 local and international catalogs, data bases for specific fields and for full text publications) and full text sources.
Link Collection / Databases: Users have direct access to licensed and open access data bases (e.g. encyclopedia, special subject collections), electronic periodicals, and university publications.
The guest login gives you access to DigiBib, the Digital Library. You will need a personal login to save search profiles, search results, and personal settings.
The library assigns a login ID/password to staff members at the Hamburg Institute for Social Research (HIS), guests of HIS, and the staff of other institutes that cooperate with HIS. With their login and password, users can store personal settings and search profiles in the DigiBib and access databases subject to license terms from computers that do not have an HIS IP address.