text:
Our BESTA agency, one of the best real estate agencies in Ulaanbaatar, is offering you a wide range of properties and services and helping you find apartments for sale and rent.
BESTA - Real estate agency Right now 86 properties in our website. Last modified 2019-03-03
The Asian Development Bank's (ADB) Board of Directors has approved USD 80 million loan to help transform ger areas in Ulaanbaatar into affordable, low-carbon, climate-resilient and livable eco-districts
ADB will additionally administer a USD 95 million loan and a USD 50 million grant from the Green Climate Fund (GCF), as well as a USD 3 million sector grant from the High-Level Technology Fund (HLTF).
A third of Mongolia's population live in urban ger areas, or settlements of low- and middle-income households. These districts suffer from poor sanitation, inadequate solid waste management, and limited water supply, which pose health and environmental hazards. A heavy reliance in these ger areas on coal and biofuels for heating and energy generates large carbon dioxide emissions and worsens air pollution, especially during winter.
"About 850 thousand people live in Ulaanbaatar's ger areas and have poor access to urban services," said ADB Senior Urban Development Specialist Mr. Arnaud Heckmann. "This project will improve the lives of around 100 thousand people, including 10 thousand direct beneficiary households that will have access to green housing units, by financing 20 new environmentally friendly districts with good services, green spaces, and access to shops and jobs."
Incremental growth and migration are increasing the population living in these poor conditions because affordable housing options for low- and middle-income households are very limited. A 2016 survey by the Capital City Housing Corporation estimated housing demand at 150 thousand units, while available affordable housing stock is about 4000 units, with 60 percent of ger area residents willing to move to apartment units if acceptable and affordable solutions are proposed.
The project is a large-scale initiative to provide sustainable and comprehensive solutions to transform sub-standard, highly vulnerable, highly emitting, and polluting ger areas into affordable, climate-resilient and livable eco-districts.
The Ulaanbaatar Green Affordable Housing and Resilient Urban Renewal Sector Project will build 1,500 social housing units along with key infrastructure such as roads, water, sewerage, and heating pipes, as well as green houses for urban farming and public and green spaces; social and public services; and rooftop solar panels and a smart monitoring system for building performance and renewable energy control financed by the HLTF. The solar panels will produce about 40 percent of all electricity demand.
The project will also provide USD 75.7 million out of the GCF loan to the eco-district and affordable housing fund (EDAF) that will make long-term loans to commercial banks, which will be passed on to real estate developers to build an additional 8,500 homes—including 5,500 affordable and 3,000 market rate units—and commercial activities, and to provide low-cost mortgages. The loan to EDAF is expected to leverage around USD 300 million more in investments from developers, commercial banks and beneficiaries. The Asset Management Company of the Development Bank of Mongolia will manage EDAF on behalf of the Ministry of Finance. The GCF grant will be used to provide performance-based grants to qualified developers for climate change mitigation and adaptation features.
A key element of the project is the voluntary land swapping approach for implementing the eco-districts. Under this approach, households owning or renting a plot of land within the proposed eco-district perimeter can choose to participate or not on the mechanism. If they opt to participate, households will have access to a housing unit in the eco-district, through land and asset swaps, rent-to-own schemes, or affordable rental arrangements. If they choose not to participate, the eco-district design will be adjusted to avoid affecting the non-participating household. A community participation plan, which includes skills training and linkages with job opportunities for poor households, will also be implemented.
Institutional and policy improvements, meanwhile, will guide the transformational impacts of the project with respect to regulations, standards, and sector capacity for climate-responsive urban planning; increased performance, energy efficiency, and renewable energy in buildings; improved supply and access to low-carbon affordable housing; sustainable green housing finance; and eco-efficient urban services.
The project is expected to be completed by the end of 2026 and will cost a total of USD 570.1 million.
Source: www.adb.org
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text:
Nathalie Gosselin (Lévis, 31 de marzo de 1966) es una deportista canadiense que compitió en judo. Ganó dos medallas de bronce en los Juegos Panamericanos en los años 1987 y 1995, y tres medallas de plata en el Campeonato Panamericano de Judo entre los años 1988 y 1994.

Palmarés internacional

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Judokas de Canadá

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Read full extension story here.
Extending your home can be hugely rewarding. It can make a big difference to your lifestyle and may even add value. Before you begin knocking down walls and imagining where to put bi-fold doors, it's worth talking to a local estate agent to find out what home improvements are popular in your area. Every street has a ceiling value so be careful not to overdevelop if you want to see a return on your investment.
"It's important to weigh up your options. If you're found your 'forever home' and an extension will provide you with the extra space to live and grow as a family then it's money well spent. It may not be worth extending if you intend to sell up after a few years," cautions Barry Ensor, estate agent with Sherry FitzGerald.
In this extension by Fionnuala O'Connor, Urban Architecture, Dublin, a large linear lightwell in the roof offers glimpses of the sky above and allows natural light to floor the space below.
Once you've decided that you want to build an extension, your process should begin with engaging a qualified professional. You can build an extension without an architect, and there are many qualified builders and experienced companies who offer such services. One of the best ways of finding an architect is through personal recommendation. Alternatively contact the RIAI (Royal Institute of Architects of Ireland) or visit their website to find architects with the best skills for your project.
An architect will not only help you come up with a design solution that maximises your space and budget, they can help you find a suitable builder, will deal with planning and building control and will monitor the progress of the build and ensure that all work complies with building regulations.
A brief is in effect your wish list. At the start of your project, sit down with your architect and discuss your needs and aspirations. It should be clear and unambiguous and as detailed as possible. Time spent at this initial stage is invaluable. Consider how the extension will function: do you want an open plan kitchen/living/dining room? Do you need an extra bedroom? Who will use the space? A future-proof design will allow your extension to adjust to you or your family's needs as they grow.
Think about the design. Interiors and architecture magazines are a good source of inspiration are social sources such as Pinterest and Instagram. Be realistic though: that Californian, frameless glass box extension may not be the best option for your plot, given our unpredictable climate. "Very often people have set ideas about what they want from an extension and how they want it to look. The end result is usually something completely different," says O'Connor.
An architect will analyse your brief and come up with several proposed drawings and sketches for you to look at. Out of these will come a more developed design. "We usually provide a 3D model of the design at this stage to help the client visualise how the space will look and work," says O'Connor. Once the design is agreed and finalised it's best not to make any further changes. "Onsite changes can be costly and lead to delays," cautions O'Connor.
The cost of extending can be considerable and the size and scope of the project will be dictated by how much money you have to spend. Out of this budget you'll also have to factor in architect's fees, planning costs – if your extension requires permission – site insurance, health and safety costs and certifiers fees, to name a few.
An extension should be an integral part of your home and often your architect will advise you to remodel your home's existing layout for better orientation as well as upgrade windows, plumbing, electrics and improve energy efficiency. This will add to the overall cost and should be factored into the timescale. "When it comes to extensions everything is up for grabs if it helps to create a more efficient space. It can mean moving stairs or removing a chimney, which can initially scare people," says O'Connor.
Additional factors such as site access, storing of materials/skips, ground conditions and relocating existing services can also impact on your budget. The more you have to spend on these things, the less you have to spend on the finished look of your extension, so be prepared to source alternative materials and products if necessary. As a rule, you should always allow a contingency sum of at least 10%, to be used only in emergencies.
The good news is that the Government has extended its Home Renovation Incentive (HRI) scheme until the end of 2018, allowing homeowners to claim an income tax credit on qualifying renovation works provided they meet the agreed criteria. The value of works carried out on a property must be at least €4,405, excluding VAT (up to €30,000); and only works which are chargeable at the 13.5pc VAT rate are counted towards the threshold. Further information, including how to claim, is available from the Revenue's website.
For a rough estimate on all costs associated with extension work, would-be renovators would do well to arm themselves with a copy of the Consumer Guide to Building/Construction Cost Guidelines which is published by the Royal Institute of Architects of Ireland (RIAI) and available to buy from their bookshop.
This extension in Clontarf merges old and new seamlessly. Architectural Farm created a cohesive sequence of space from the front door all the way to this rear garden, and from the ground floor to the enlarged landing on the first floor and onto the attic above.
Generally speaking, extensions up to 40sq m to the rear of a property do not require planning permission, although certain criteria applies, including the location of the extension as well as minimum distances to boundaries. Your architect will be able to advise you further. If your extension exceeds 40sq m, it will require planning. "Planning is not something to be afraid of and you should not let it restrict or dictate the size of your extension," cautions O'Connor. She says that many people initially opt to develop under 40sq m because they're afraid of the perceived hassle and complications of applying for permission, when a larger extension could give them greater scope and flexibility.
When making a planning application your architect will consider Local Authority Development Plans and zoning, previous planning decisions (which may impact on what is permitted), any legal issues regarding the area of the proposed extension, boundary issues, site levels as well as existing drainage and services. The planning authority will also require the inclusion of several documents with your application including public notices (newspaper and site notice) and six copies of drawings and any other documents specific to the project.
Provided no additional information is requested, planning permission normally takes three months. It takes up to eight weeks (from validated application receipt) to issue of a decision and a further four weeks (the appeal period) for issue of final grant. Even if a final grant has been made, a third party can challenge the decision by appeal to An Bord Pleanala.
During construction your architect will act on your behalf as an independent advisor, inspecting building work at different stages to ensure it's being carried out in accordance with regulations and to plan. The architect will also be the first port of call if problems arise.
Your architect will advise you on payments to the various trades which can be drawn down in stages once work complies. The final payment to the builder – retention – is payable up to 12 months after completion and only at the architect's instruction. It's advisable not to pay out until snagging is complete and any problems fixed.
According to recent statistics (2015) from the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage, there are over 42,000 protected structures in Ireland. Your house becomes protected when it's added to the Record of Protected Structures, which is compiled and added to by each local authority. You can check to see if a property is protected on the Buildings of Ireland register.
For advice and information regarding protected structures and extending them, would-be home improvers would do well to familiarise themselves with Architectural Heritage Protection, Guidelines for Planning Authorities, which can be downloaded from www.chg.gov.ie.
Read the full extension story here.
It's quicker, cheaper and less hassle than extending and could increase the value of your house if it's a 'habitable' space. To be considered a proper room it will need a permanent staircase, also 50pc of the floor area above 1.5m should have a height of at least 2.4m. Not all attics can be converted or are worthwhile converting. Expect to pay anywhere between €15,000 and €30,000, although this will increase depending on size, use, design and materials. While attic conversions are usually exempt from planning any work carried out must comply with building regulations, which set out minimum requirements for energy efficiency, fire safety, ventilation, etc. You will need a Certificate of Compliance on completion of works. The Department of the Environment's 'Loft Conversions: Protect Your Family' is a worthwhile read.
Converting a garage doesn't usually require planning but it's best to check with your local authority before you go knocking down walls or raising the roof. As garages aren't built to be habitable you'll need to think about insulating the walls (or roof if you plan to raise the height rather than dig down), damp proofing the floor, heating, electrics, etc. You'll also need to consider how the conversion will connect to the house and where best to position windows. Typically the cost to convert will depend on the quality of the original garage structure.
Digging down into the ground is expensive and a specialist job, so always hire an experienced architect or a dedicated basement extension company with good references. Generally a basement extension does not require planning unless you intend to use it as a 'habitable space', which will mean installing light wells, and so planning permission is needed. Dublin-born William Behan of London-based structural and civil engineering practice William Behan Design Partnership who designs basements in London's high-value neighbourhoods of Belgravia and Kensington cautions against such extensions to 'the average' Irish property at present. "Given that a full basement extension costs around €250K it doesn't make financial sense if your property is only worth around €400K. It would be easier just to move house," says Behan. He predicts it will take at least five years for house prices to rise significantly before 'digdowns' become economically viable again.
An outdoor room is probably the most cost effective and least disruptive method of getting extra space. According to John Sherry, managing director of Garden Rooms, an outdoor room can add as much as 7pc of the value of your home. "They usually don't require planning and work out cheaper per square metre than an extension. We can supply fully insulated turnkey rooms from as little as €20K".
Riai.ie The website of the Royal Institute of Architects of Ireland where you can search a database of registered architects in your area.
Architecture.com This is the website of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) and includes a database of architects based in Northern Ireland, many of which have experience working on projects in the Republic.
Housing.gov.ie The online planning resource of the Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government.
Scsi.ie The website of the Society of Chartered Surveyors of Ireland. The society publishes a range of online consumer guides with advice on everything from the role of chartered project managers to house rebuilding costs. Click on Advice Centre for information on attics, roofs, home issues and improvements and even boundary issues.
Constructionireland.ie The Irish Construction Industry's comprehensive online directory for all things building related, county by county. Includes contact details of builders, builders merchants, contractors, civil engineers, surveyors and valuers.
Revenue.ie For information on the Government's Home Renovation Initiative (HRI) – how it works, types of properties that qualify and how to claim HRI tax credit.
Simonopendoor.ie An initiative run by the Simon Communities of Ireland in partnership with the RIAI whereby members of the public can get a one hour long consultation with a certified RIAI Architect for a €90 donation to Simon. Run over a weekend, the event takes place each year in May.


Email: sam (at) towingontario.ca .
Towing Ontario Auto Repair & Towing is a Local Toronto company that is always available to help drivers in the Scarborough, Ajax, Markham, Pickering, North York, Richmond Hill, Whitby, Oshawa and Toronto GTA Areas.
Towing Ontario's Auto Repair & Towing team will be happy to help you with any automotive emergency. We offer a wide variety of automotive repair and towing services in Ontario. All the members of our team have received an arduous training and have many years of experience we can help you with the different types of problems that arise along the way, including all types of trailers in Ontario.
Our work is of the highest quality and we adhere to all the required standards of the Industry. In order to preserve our high level of quality we make sure we have the newest technologies in the fields of car repair services.
We work 24 hours a day, every day of the year to always be available to help our customers, whether they need Emergency Towing and Recovery Services in Ontario.


text:
#ifndef DVPSPRT_H
#define DVPSPRT_H

#include "dcmtk/config/osconfig.h"    /* make sure OS specific configuration is included first */

#include "dcmtk/ofstd/ofstream.h"
#include "dcmtk/ofstd/ofstring.h"
#include "dcmtk/dcmpstat/dvpstyp.h"         /* for enum types */
#include "dcmtk/dcmpstat/dvpspll.h"         /* for class DVPSPresentationLUT_PList */
#include "dcmtk/dcmpstat/dvpsspl.h"         /* for class DVPSStoredPrint_PList */
#include "dcmtk/dcmnet/assoc.h"
#include "dcmtk/dcmnet/dimse.h"

class DVInterface;
class DVPSFilmSession;

/** the representation of a Print Management SCP. This class implements most of the
 *  DIMSE behaviour of a DICOM Print SCP and uses Stored Print and Hardcopy Grayscale
 *  objects to store received print jobs in the local database.
 */
class DCMTK_DCMPSTAT_EXPORT DVPSPrintSCP
{
 public:

  /** constructor
   *  @param iface Interface to database and config file
   *  @param cfname symbolic name of print SCP in config file
   */
  DVPSPrintSCP(DVInterface &iface, const char *cfname);

  /// destructor
  virtual ~DVPSPrintSCP();

  /** activates or deactivates dumping of the DIMSE communication
   *  in DICOM file format. This method should be called prior to
   *  association negotiation with negotiateAssociation().
   *  @param fname full path name of the file into which a log
   *   of the DIMSE communication is written after association release.
   *   NULL disables the DICOM DIMSE dump completely.
   */
  void setDimseLogPath(const char *fname);

  /** performs association negotiation for the Print SCP. Depending on the
   *  configuration file settings, Basic Grayscale Print and Presentation LUT
   *  are accepted with all uncompressed transfer syntaxes.
   *  If association negotiation is unsuccessful, an A-ASSOCIATE-RQ is sent
   *  and the association is dropped. If successful, an A-ASSOCIATE-AC is
   *  prepared but not (yet) sent.
   *  @param net DIMSE network over which to receive the association request
   *  @return result indicating whether association negotiation was successful,
   *    unsuccessful or whether termination of the server was requested.
   */
  DVPSAssociationNegotiationResult negotiateAssociation(T_ASC_Network &net);

  /** confirms an association negotiated with negotiateAssociation() and handles
   *  all DIMSE communication for the Print SCP. Returns after the association
   *  has been released or aborted.
   */
  void handleClient();

private:

  /// private undefined assignment operator
  DVPSPrintSCP& operator=(const DVPSPrintSCP&);

  /// private undefined copy constructor
  DVPSPrintSCP(const DVPSPrintSCP& copy);

  /** if the given condition indicates an error, prints the given string
   *  to the error log and returns true (nonzero), otherwise returns false.
   *  @param cond condition to be checked
   *  @param message to be printed, must not be NULL
   *  @return nonzero if cond indicates error, zero otherwise.
   */
  int errorCond(OFCondition cond, const char *message);

  /** sends A-ASSOCIATION-RQ as the result of an unsuccesful association
   *  negotiation.
   *  @param isBadContext defines the reason for the A-ASSOCIATE-RQ.
   *    true indicates an incorrect application context, false sends back
   *    an unspecified reject with no reason and is used when termination
   *    of the server application has been initiated.
   *  @return ASC_NORMAL if successful, an error code otherwise.
   */
  OFCondition refuseAssociation(OFBool isBadContext);

  /** destroys the association managed by this object.
   */
  void dropAssociation();

  /** handles any incoming N-GET-RQ message and sends back N-GET-RSP.
   *  @param rq request message
   *  @param presID presentation context over which the message was received
   *  @return DIMSE_NORMAL if successful, an error code otherwise
   */
  OFCondition handleNGet(T_DIMSE_Message& rq, T_ASC_PresentationContextID presID);

  /** handles any incoming N-SET-RQ message and sends back N-SET-RSP.
   *  @param rq request message
   *  @param presID presentation context over which the message was received
   *  @return DIMSE_NORMAL if successful, an error code otherwise
   */
  OFCondition handleNSet(T_DIMSE_Message& rq, T_ASC_PresentationContextID presID);

  /** handles any incoming N-ACTION-RQ message and sends back N-ACTION-RSP.
   *  @param rq request message
   *  @param presID presentation context over which the message was received
   *  @return DIMSE_NORMAL if successful, an error code otherwise
   */
  OFCondition handleNAction(T_DIMSE_Message& rq, T_ASC_PresentationContextID presID);

  /** handles any incoming N-CREATE-RQ message and sends back N-CREATE-RSP.
   *  @param rq request message
   *  @param presID presentation context over which the message was received
   *  @return DIMSE_NORMAL if successful, an error code otherwise
   */
  OFCondition handleNCreate(T_DIMSE_Message& rq, T_ASC_PresentationContextID presID);

  /** handles any incoming N-DELETE-RQ message and sends back N-DELETE-RSP.
   *  @param rq request message
   *  @param presID presentation context over which the message was received
   *  @return DIMSE_NORMAL if successful, an error code otherwise
   */
  OFCondition handleNDelete(T_DIMSE_Message& rq, T_ASC_PresentationContextID presID);

  /** handles any incoming C-ECHO-RQ message and sends back C-ECHO-RSP.
   *  @param rq request message
   *  @param presID presentation context over which the message was received
   *  @return DIMSE_NORMAL if successful, an error code otherwise
   */
  OFCondition handleCEcho(T_DIMSE_Message& rq, T_ASC_PresentationContextID presID);

  /** implements the N-GET operation for the Printer SOP Class.
   *  @param rq request message
   *  @param rsp response message, already initialized
   *  @param rspDataset response dataset passed back in this parameter (if any)
   */
  void printerNGet(T_DIMSE_Message& rq, T_DIMSE_Message& rsp, DcmDataset *& rspDataset);

  /** implements the N-SET operation for the Basic Film Session SOP Class.
   *  @param rq request message
   *  @param rqDataset request dataset, may be NULL
   *  @param rsp response message, already initialized
   *  @param rspDataset response dataset passed back in this parameter (if any)
   */
  void filmSessionNSet(T_DIMSE_Message& rq, DcmDataset *rqDataset, T_DIMSE_Message& rsp, DcmDataset *& rspDataset);

  /** implements the N-SET operation for the Basic Film Box SOP Class.
   *  @param rq request message
   *  @param rqDataset request dataset, may be NULL
   *  @param rsp response message, already initialized
   *  @param rspDataset response dataset passed back in this parameter (if any)
   */
  void filmBoxNSet(T_DIMSE_Message& rq, DcmDataset *rqDataset, T_DIMSE_Message& rsp, DcmDataset *& rspDataset);

  /** implements the N-SET operation for the Basic Grayscale Image Box SOP Class.
   *  @param rq request message
   *  @param rqDataset request dataset, may be NULL
   *  @param rsp response message, already initialized
   *  @param rspDataset response dataset passed back in this parameter (if any)
   */
  void imageBoxNSet(T_DIMSE_Message& rq, DcmDataset *rqDataset, T_DIMSE_Message& rsp, DcmDataset *& rspDataset);

  /** implements the N-ACTION operation for the Basic Film Session SOP Class.
   *  @param rq request message
   *  @param rsp response message, already initialized
   */
  void filmSessionNAction(T_DIMSE_Message& rq, T_DIMSE_Message& rsp);

  /** implements the N-ACTION operation for the Basic Film Box SOP Class.
   *  @param rq request message
   *  @param rsp response message, already initialized
   */
  void filmBoxNAction(T_DIMSE_Message& rq, T_DIMSE_Message& rsp);

  /** implements the N-CREATE operation for the Basic Film Session SOP Class.
   *  @param rqDataset request dataset, may be NULL
   *  @param rsp response message, already initialized
   *  @param rspDataset response dataset passed back in this parameter (if any)
   */
  void filmSessionNCreate(DcmDataset *rqDataset, T_DIMSE_Message& rsp, DcmDataset *& rspDataset);

  /** implements the N-CREATE operation for the Basic Film Box SOP Class.
   *  @param rqDataset request dataset, may be NULL
   *  @param rsp response message, already initialized
   *  @param rspDataset response dataset passed back in this parameter (if any)
   */
  void filmBoxNCreate(DcmDataset *rqDataset, T_DIMSE_Message& rsp, DcmDataset *& rspDataset);

  /** implements the N-CREATE operation for the Presentation LUT SOP Class.
   *  @param rqDataset request dataset, may be NULL
   *  @param rsp response message, already initialized
   *  @param rspDataset response dataset passed back in this parameter (if any)
   */
  void presentationLUTNCreate(DcmDataset *rqDataset, T_DIMSE_Message& rsp, DcmDataset *& rspDataset);

  /** implements the N-DELETE operation for the Basic Film Session SOP Class.
   *  @param rq request message
   *  @param rsp response message, already initialized
   */
  void filmSessionNDelete(T_DIMSE_Message& rq, T_DIMSE_Message& rsp);

  /** implements the N-DELETE operation for the Basic Film Box SOP Class.
   *  @param rq request message
   *  @param rsp response message, already initialized
   */
  void filmBoxNDelete(T_DIMSE_Message& rq, T_DIMSE_Message& rsp);

  /** implements the N-DELETE operation for the Presentation LUT SOP Class.
   *  @param rq request message
   *  @param rsp response message, already initialized
   */
  void presentationLUTNDelete(T_DIMSE_Message& rq, T_DIMSE_Message& rsp);

  /** stores the binary log of the DIMSE communication in a DICOM file
   *  in the log directory.  Called upon association release or abort.
   */
  void saveDimseLog();

  /** adds an item to the given sequence containing the current date, time
   *  and the given text.
   *  @param seq sequence to which the item is added
   *  @param text text to be added, must not be NULL
   */
  static void addLogEntry(DcmSequenceOfItems *seq, const char *text);

  /** prints a dump of the given DIMSE message to the log stream.
   *  @param msg DIMSE message to be dumped
   *  @param dataset dataset to be dumped, may be NULL
   *  @param outgoing flag defining whether we are dumping an outgoing or an
   *    incoming message.
   */
  void dumpNMessage(T_DIMSE_Message &msg, DcmItem *dataset, OFBool outgoing);

  /* class data */

  /* Interface to database and config file
   */
  DVInterface& dviface;

  /* symbolic name of print SCP in config file, not NULL.
   */
  const char *cfgname;

  /** blocking mode for receive
   */
  T_DIMSE_BlockingMode blockMode;

  /** timeout for receive
   */
  int timeout;

  /** basic film session instance
   */
  DVPSFilmSession *filmSession;

  /* Presentation LUT List
   */
  DVPSPresentationLUT_PList presentationLUTList;

  /* Stored Print List (contains Basic Film Boxes plus hierarchy)
   */
  DVPSStoredPrint_PList storedPrintList;

  /* the network association over which the print SCP is operating
   */
  T_ASC_Association *assoc;

  /// study UID for stored print and hardcopy images of one print session
  DcmUniqueIdentifier      studyInstanceUID;

  /// series UID for presentation state objects
  DcmUniqueIdentifier      psSeriesInstanceUID;

  /// series UID for hardcopy image objects
  DcmUniqueIdentifier      imageSeriesInstanceUID;

  /// DIMSE communication logged in this object if present
  DcmSequenceOfItems       *logSequence;

  /// ACSE communication logged in this object if present
  DcmSequenceOfItems       *acseSequence;

  /// full path of the file into which the DIMSE log is written
  OFString logPath;

};

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The City of Sioux Falls, SD, requests formal bids for Sioux Area Metro Bus Stop Sign Replacements.
Sealed bids shall be received by Purchasing, Third Floor, City Hall, 224 W. Ninth St., P.O. Box 7402, Sioux Falls, SD 57117-7402, not later than 2 p.m., May 8, 2014. Bids shall be publicly opened and read in City Hall, First Floor, at 2:15 p.m.
Specifications and bid forms that must be used are available online at eplans.siouxfalls.org. Cite Bid Request No. 14-1061.
Bidders on this work will be required to comply with Title 40 CFR 33 and Executive Order 12138. The requirements for bidders and contractors under this regulation which concerns utilization of Disadvantaged/Minority Business Enterprises (DBE/MBE) and Women's Business Enterprises (WBE) are explained in the specifications. The DBE/MBE and WBE goals for participation in this contract in terms of percentage of contract value are as follows: MBE 7.2 percent; WBE 0.0 percent.
The low responsive bidder will be required to certify to compliance with the Buy American Iron, Steel, and Manufactured Goods provision of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.
Your special attention is invited to the attached Bidders Activity Report (BAR), and Forms A and B. The BAR form must be completed and submitted with your bid proposal, along with either Form A or Form B. Failure to submit the Form BAR and appropriate form A or B will cause the bid to be rejected. Completion of the Bidders Activity Report is necessary in order to fulfill the requirements of obtaining a complete list of contractors contacted with regard to this project, in accordance with 49 CFR 26.11c. Statistical information used from the Bidders Activity Report will be used in the calculation of the next year's DBE goals. By completing Form A, you are advising the City how the contract goal will be met. In the event you believe you will be unable to meet the goals, the attached Form B must be completed and submitted with the Bid Proposal. Please be advised that good-faith efforts will be subjected to close scrutiny and if the good-faith effort submission is unacceptable, your bid will be rejected.
The City of Sioux Falls has available the latest Disadvantaged Business Enterprise directory in the Community Development office to facilitate identifying those certified disadvantaged business enterprises within the state of South Dakota.
A Prebid Conference will be held on April 28 at 1:00 p.m. at the Engineering Conference Room, 2nd Floor, City Hall, 224 W. 9th St.


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Share this Story: Adami: Stroke victim's family says Bruyère giving up too soon on treatment
Adami: Stroke victim's family says Bruyère giving up too soon on treatment
Three-and-a-half months after Ann MacDonald suffered a crippling stroke, the 59-year-old faces giving up her rental townhouse.
Hugh Adami • Ottawa Citizen
Feb 16, 2015 • June 1, 2020 • 3 minute read
Ann MacDonald, seen with boyfriend René Derowin, says, 'I get stressed and emotional' about the situation she's dealing with. Photo by Julie Oliver /OTTAWA CITIZEN
Three-and-a-half months after Ann MacDonald suffered a crippling stroke affecting her left side, the 59-year-old faces the heartbreak of giving up her rental townhouse that she manages to afford on her $1,800-$1,900 monthly income.
The mother of two grown daughters, who beat breast cancer a few years ago and lost her husband to a car accident in 1977, has been told she needs to move into a facility that will provide her with some level of assistance.
Adami: Stroke victim's family says Bruyère giving up too soon on treatment Back to video
At Bruyère Continuing Care, where MacDonald has been undergoing rehabilitation since December, she has been told it's time to leave as her intense physiotherapy is over and there are other people on the waiting list. The physiotherapy hasn't done much to improve her condition and Bruyère thinks she will use a wheelchair for the rest of her life. She needs to move to a facility where she will receive assistance such as bathroom care. It might be a retirement home or perhaps a seniors' facility such as the one at the Perley and Rideau Veterans' Health Centre. A nursing home is also a possibility.
Someone at Bruyère suggested a retirement home in Ottawa's south-end near the Airport Parkway. But it would cost about $2,700 a month and another $26 every time she needs help to go to the bathroom. A placement counsellor is trying to find MacDonald accommodation she can afford. The counsellor admits it isn't easy due to MacDonald's income and long waiting lists for cheaper, subsidized facilities.
Says MacDonald: "I get stressed and emotional."
Her boyfriend, René Derowin, and brother, Steve Burns, believe Bruyère is giving up on MacDonald too soon. "You're not allowed to get sick in this world," laments Burns.
Though MacDonald cannot move her left arm or hand, they say she has regained some movement in her left leg due to the physio. Bruyère has to give her treatment more time, they argue. Derowin believes MacDonald can improve and lead a more independent life even with some care.
Though Bruyère could not speak about MacDonald, it says its focus is always to get stroke or accident patients back into the community with followup rehab services. Kathy Green, who oversees patient admitting and discharging, says in the most recent three-month period, 87 per cent of Bruyère's patients were placed back into the community, though unfortunately some have to move into care facilities because they can no longer live at home.
"Part of (Bruyère's) job is to start working with patient and family (at) admission so people are aware it's a time-limited situation and we all start looking at what will be their next place."
Green says Bruyère looks at the rehabilitation needs of patients and their progress in determining how long they should remain there. The assessments are based on "comprehensive standards" set by the province.
Green says it's not uncommon for patients to think they will be at Bruyère for many months. But "evidence shows that people should be transitioned back to the community. They continue to make gains. Rehab is a process (that continues beyond being an in-patient).
"It's definitely an insecure time for people when they leave because they're still adapting to their stroke. … They want more improvement."
Deborah Desroches, Derowin's sister, has been through it all with her husband, who suffered a brain-stem stroke that affected both sides of his body. He, too, was told he would never walk again when he was being treated at the General.
Desroches says caregivers get impatient if they don't see improvement as quickly as they believe it should come. "And (patients) are told, 'This is as good as it's going to get.' "
When the push came to get him out of hospital in order to free up a bed for the next person on the waiting list, Desroches pushed back to give her time to sell their home, buy a bungalow and have it modified. Her husband spent nine months in hospital, and soon after he was in his new home he started using a walker. He continued receiving physio from personal support workers at home, supplied through the Champlain Community Care Access Centre, and enrolled in various therapy programs not covered by OHIP. He still has a balance problem, but almost all movement on his right side has been restored. He now uses a wheeled walker, with the brakes on, to get about indoors. Outdoors, he uses a wheelchair.
Now 58, Desroches' husband is looking for work after graduating last April from the University of Ottawa with a social-sciences degree. "He wants to get off disability." she says.
Is something bothering you? Please contact: the publiccitizen@ottawacitizen.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: jQuery select option - display content only for a specific option All i want to do is, display the class "other_option_content" only for the selected option "other" (value=18) & when any other option is selected e.g.: "facebook" the class "other_option_content" is not displayed (hidden).
HTML:
<Select id="userr_category_hear_id">
   <option value="">please choose</option>
   <option value="13">Google / Search Engine</option>
   <option value="14">Radio / TV</option>
   <option value="15">Facebook / LinkedIn</option>
   <option value="16">Someone from your company contacted me directly</option>
   <option value="17">A friend told me about it</option>
   <option value="18">Other</option>
</Select>

  <textarea class="text required" id="userr_hear" name="userr[hear]"  placeholder="www.google.com">
  </textarea>

A: Here you go:

// hide by default;
$('.other_option_content').hide();

$('#userr_category_hear_id').change(function() {
  if ($(this).val() == 18) {
    $('.other_option_content').show();
  } else {
    $('.other_option_content').hide();
  }
});

<Select id="userr_category_hear_id">
  <option value="">please choose</option>
  <option value="13">Google / Search Engine</option>
  <option value="14">Radio / TV</option>
  <option value="15">Facebook / LinkedIn</option>
  <option value="16">Someone from your company contacted me directly</option>
  <option value="17">A friend told me about it</option>
  <option value="18">Other</option>
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    <textarea class="text required" id="userr_hear" name="userr[hear]" placeholder="www.google.com">
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Unspeakably brutal guitar patterns, multi-layered and yet beautiful synth walls, ingenious arrangements combined with electronics, devastating drum parts, complex bass assaults and the unique vocals coming straight from the deep pits of Hell!
Formed in Kuopio Finland 1999, Shade Empire has developed its own genre. After three demos they inked deal with Italian label Avantgarde Records. Soon after that Shade Empire was ready to record the first full length album titled as 'Sinthetic' (2004). 'Sinthetic' got praising reviews from all over the world and also the fan base grew enormously worldwide!
In January 2006 Shade Empire entered the famous Studio Perkele to record the follow up to 'Sinthetic'. In May 2006 Shade Empire unleashed the next album, 'Intoxicate O.S'. 'Intoxicate O.S' was a huge success. In its opening week it achieved position 25 in the Official Finnish Charts!
Summer 06 was quite a hectic time for the band as they played several gigs and festival-shows in Finland and that continued until autumn due to fact that Shade Empire was chosen to headline Popkomm´s Metal Evening held in Berlin, October ´06. In spring 2007 Shade Empire started to write new material and did only a few, select shows during that time (i.e Tuska Metal Festival). In October ´07 band entered Studio 33 to record their third album.'Zero Nexus' was a concept album, taking the band to new dimensions! The album was released in spring 2008 and it raged to 15 at the official Finnish charts! After the release the band toured in Finland and did successful shows at Tuska Open Air 2008 and the main stage of Nummirock.
2008 concluded with a European tour featuring Unleashed, Krisiun and One Man Army And The Undead Quartet. The tour was a success and the fans over Europe were left aching for more! Fourth album Omega Arcane was released through Candlelight Records in 2014. The album consists of 11 songs and totals over 74 minutes in length! 'Omega Arcane' is massive, a heavily orchestrated concept album and took the band´s sound to a whole new level. Omega Arcane hit the official Finnish charts to position 13. After the album release band had numerous gigs in Finland and European tour with Borknagar etc.
The fifth album is going to hit the streets in spring 2017 through Spinefarm UK/Universal. Once again the newest album shows out how the band is capable to recur and develop it´s sound to even further from the Omega Arcane´s massiveness. Forthcoming album is going to be the most advanced and epic opus in band´s catalogue.


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Turkish Think Tank Hosts Discussion in US on Syria
Published in Academicians
WASHINGTON, USA - DECEMBER 12: (from left to right) Mona Yacoubian, Andrew Tabler, Hassan Hassan, and Kadir Ustun attend a panel discussion on "The Geneva Process: Toward a Political Solution in Syria" hosted by SETA DC in Washington, USA on December 12, 2017. ( Samuel Corum - Anadolu Agency )
A panel of experts in Washington held discussions Tuesday on a political solution to Syria's ongoing civil war. Hosted by Washington-based think tank SETA DC, the discussion was titled "The Geneva Process: Toward a Political Solution in Syria". Mona Yacoubian, a senior advisor at the U.S. Institute of Peace, Andrew Tabler, Martin J. Gross Fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Hassan Hassan, a senior fellow at the Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy, and Kadir Ustun, executive director at SETA DC, took part in the panel. The discussion was moderated by Kilic Kanat, a research director at SETA DC. Participants agreed that actual developments in the field in Syria as well as peace talks in Astana and Geneva would directly affect a political process in the country.
Ustun said if Bashar al-Assad remains in power, this would be a problem for the political process, especially for Turkey's expectations. "The YPG continues to be one of the main problems in Turkish-American relations," Ustun said. The PKK/PYD, also known as the YPG, is the Syrian wing of the PKK and has received U.S. support in the form of Special Forces back-up, air power and military supplies.
The U.S. use of the PKK/PYD in Syria has been a longstanding complaint for Turkey, which has been subjected to a decades-long terror campaign by the PKK, which is listed as a terrorist organization by Turkey, the EU and the U.S.
Earlier in the day, Hadi Bahra, a member of the Syrian opposition delegation, told Anadolu Agency that the opposition had demanded direct talks with the regime delegation on the political transition in Syria.
The UN-backed Syrian peace talks restarted in Geneva last week without the regime delegation. It joined the talks five days late on Monday without providing a reason.
The latest round of talks began on Nov. 28 with meetings between UN Special Envoy to Syria Staffan de Mistura and the opposition. The regime delegates conferred with de Mistura a day later.
This eighth round of peace talks will continue to Dec. 14.
The negotiations' "four baskets" -- a new constitution, governance, elections and combating terrorism -- have been discussed as well as issues such as detainees, abductees, missing persons and humanitarian access.
An eighth round of peace talks aimed at ending the Syrian civil war will begin next week in Kazakhstan's capital, Astana.
The talks, set for Dec. 21, will focus on cementing a cease-fire deal brokered by Turkey, Russia and Iran in December last year.
Syria has been locked in a vicious civil war since 2011, when the Assad regime cracked down on pro-democracy protests with unexpected ferocity. Since then, hundreds of thousands of people have been killed in the conflict, according to the UN.
Reporting by Hakan Copur:Writing by Handan Kazanci
US policy on Syria
More in this category: « Turkish-American Professor Named New Head of Engineering Department at MIT Betül Kaçar Invokes the Past in Modern Bacteria »


I love blue 🙂 Sometimes I even like having the blues, as long as they don't go too deep!
🙂 yes, it's a great colour!
Love you're posts, inspired to add some positivity to my blog now lol!
it's my favourite mug right now, i think i have one favourite each month.
i like having a few faves, good memories with each one ya!
My favorite color! I find it to be so soothing.
Yes, blue is really peaceful.
Great nail polish! Love the blue.
thanks, i like to keep my nails colorful during the summer.
Beautiful blues. My favourite colour.


It's not always easy to choose a dog, especially when you have children. After all, you want something that tends to be quite placid and laid back – particularly as children tend to be quite grabby and rough.
However, you also want it to be a great companion for you and a wonderful pet for the whole family.
That's why we have put this guide together, showcasing some of the best small dogs for kids, and what makes them so great. Hopefully, it will help you to make the right choice.
Before you choose a dog, it is important to think about what you want from your small companion. Is there a particular breed you have in mind?
Are there any traits that you would like to have (or not to have)? What gender would you prefer? You also need to think about whether or not your children are ready for a dog.
Kids can be stressful things for dogs to have around, especially as they tend to be quite grabby when they are young.
Leaving children and dogs along together is the main reason that dogs bite children and are put down as a result.
They should never be alone together, because even the most placid dog has a point where they will get fed up and tell the child off.
Your kids should be well-educated when it comes to looking after and respecting a dog – even a small breed.
Generally, small breed dogs tend to have been bred for specific purposes, and this is something that you should research carefully before you make your choice.
Nippy dogs, like Jack Russell's, have been bred that way and will often need a lot of training to get them to stop. Researching before you buy is the sensible way to go.
Below, we have a selection of the best small dog breeds to have with children and a family. They have been chosen based on general breed temperaments and characteristics.
It should be noted, that a dog's behaviour is down to the way it has been trained, and that just because you purchase a naturally calm dog doesn't mean that you don't have to train it. All dogs need a lot of training and positive reinforcement, so keep this in mind before you make the commitment to own one.
Beagles can be classed as a small to medium size dog, which is why they are on this list. They are scent hounds that were originally bred for hunting. Even today, they are known for their exceptional rabbiting skills.
They are quite active dogs, which is good for any adults in the home that want to walk a lot.
They are also very even-tempered, and renowned for being terrible guard dogs because they are so excited to meet new people. As a result, they can make excellent companions for children.
Pugs are some of the most fun and goofy dogs around, and they have great personalities that are sure to leave everyone laughing.
Full of love, they want nothing more than to snuggle up on the couch and have a sleep. Their sociable personality is what makes them such great companions for kids.
They are known for being strong-willed and exuberant, which can make them a little frustrating to train, but they are ultimately very lazy dogs.
As a result, they are one of the rare breeds that don't require a massive amount of exercise, because they would rather curl up and sleep all day. Of course, you should still make sure they get out every day to socialise and run.
Also known as a toy spaniel, they are small and friendly creatures that are sure to bring a lot of light into your home. They are playful and affectionate, so any child is sure to have a great time spending a few hours in the garden or living room with one of these great dogs.
They may be small, but they are also very hardy dogs. They are built well, and can withstand roughhousing with other dogs a lot of the time.
They find it easy to adapt to change as well, so they will settle into new environments and situations with little to no issues. Plus, they tend to be very patient with small children.
These truly are a silly and sociable breed. Nicknamed the American Gentleman, they are placid, sweet, and ready to play at all times. They have an adorable face and features, that leaves them reminiscent of a French Bulldog.
Their original purpose was to be a companion dog, and that is what they have been bred for ever since.
This is part of the reason they make such great companion dogs, and they have an amazing temperament that leaves them very tolerant towards children.
Border Terriers are sweet, wiry-haired, sooty-faced dogs that many of us know and love. Originally, they were bred to be vermin hunters, and were excellent at their job.
They excel at a variety of dog sports, and make incredibly active companions – so if you want a small dog that will go on very long walks with you, this is the one to pick.
They do have a habit of chasing cats and other small pets, but this is something that dedicated training can fix. Aside from this, they are very even tempered, which makes them fantastic companions for children.
These are classed as small to medium sized dogs, and the classification tends to vary from person to person.
These great dogs were originally bird hunters, and are still used for this purpose today. As a result, they can have a decent prey drive when they are out walking, but they are also very easy to train.
They are incredibly intelligent dogs, and they are known for becoming closely attached to their families – making them loyal companions. They are also very affectionate and excellent with children, which is what makes them such ideal family pets.
The Havanese is a toy breed, and they are exceptionally sweet. They form very close bonds with their family and are incredibly affectionate towards them.
While a hardy dog, they do not do well being left alone for extended periods of time, so this should be carefully considered before you decide to purchase or rescue one.
However, they have a wonderfully even temper and so are very well suited to family life.
Norfolk Terriers are absolutely adorable, and are considered to be the softest and most gentle terrier out of the entire group. They are incredibly social dogs, which makes them perfect for families and as companions for children.
They have a very soft temper, so they tend to tolerate a lot more than other breeds. In many ways, the Norfolk terrier is probably the best one to choose out of all the breeds listed here.
Of course, there are many crossbreeds that are amazing with children. It is worth visiting your local animal rescue to see if there are any dogs there that are suitable for your family.
After all, there are thousands of abandoned dogs looking for homes, and it is very possible that you could be the one to offer them that. Even if you are looking for a purebred dog, rescues tend to have a lot of those too.
Hopefully, this guide has given you a good idea of what to look for when it comes to choosing the perfect dog to be a companion for both you and your children.
It's important to take temperaments into consideration, but also to think about the kind of dog you want as well. After all, you are the one who will be looking after it.
If you buy from a breeder, always be responsible, and check the Kennel Club website to make sure the breeder is registered and confirmed.
What did you think of our guide to small family friendly dogs? Are there any breeds that you would have listed? We love hearing from you, so let us know in the comments below.


It is with great sadness that I advise you of the passing of DX League Life Member BARRY WILLIAMS earlier today. Barry had been battling health issues for some time. As a club member for some 65 years, Auckland branch activist and past National President of the DX League, Barry's contribution to the hobby and club was very significant.
Please post your tributes and memories of Barry on the DX Dialog.
Funeral details will be advised as soon as known.
bands. Barry was born in Australia and a printer by trade.
written articles, many of which grace the pages at radiodx.com.
I'll miss Barry and his ever-friendly manner.
What a sad piece of news to hear about Barry. I've always been somewhat of awe of Barry's standing in the NZRDXL, his experience, his stature, his practical manner. Over the years we've met all over the country, at conventions, DXpeditions, AGMs and I've always considered it a priviledge. To steal a line from the Queen, it has been an annus horribilus for the club to see member after member leave us this past 12 months or so. Barry was a good bloke. He'll be missed.
I'm sad to hear that another of Our Greats has passed away. Although I never met Barry in my main activity years, I'm sure he was the inspiration for my ending up chasing 60 and 90m Africans back in the mid-60's. We met at the Motu Moana/Auckland convention in 1980, and then spent several nights as room-mates with Frank Glen at Sandy and Bryan's gathering at Mangawhai to mark the League's 65th anniversary. That was a treat to have them exchanging tales way into the night. RIP, Barry.
I was very saddened to hear the news that Barry had passed away. My association with Barry goes back many years to when he and Tony Marr used to visit our Lake Taupo holiday home at Motutere Point, Mission Bay. It wasn't long after that that we combined on numerous dxpeditions to Te Araroa and later to Tony Marr's holiday home at Pauanui. Barry was a true friend and very easy to get along with and his company on those dx trips always made them more enjoyable. His friendship will be greatly missed.
person who is able to instill enthusiasm and put a smile on our faces.
Hamilton and Auckland is not conducive to good contact conditions.
reduced quite considerably during the past several months.
you did reach out to us. Thankyou for your company in our circle.


Valery Dzutsati is a Ph.D. Candidate in Political Science at Arizona State University and Senior Non-Resident Fellow at the Jamestown Foundation, Washington D.C. His research interests include ethnic and religious conflict, political violence, state secession, and the political evolution of the North Caucasus, Russia and countries across Eurasia. Valery is native to North Ossetia where he worked as a journalist.
From 'outpost' to 'outpostism' and then to 'outposter', North Ossetians are feeling increasingly alienated from the Russian centre.


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Wrongful Death Due to Georgia Security Guard's Negligence
A recent Georgia premises liability and wrongful death case shows how apportionment law can complicate a solid case.
The victim was murdered in the parking lot of a gated community. His wife sued the condominium complex and its security firm for negligence in failing to keep the premises safe despite numerous prior shootings. Remember that under Georgia law a property owner or manager is only liable for the third party crime if there were prior similar crimes enough to put the owner or manager on notice of the likelihood of more violence.
The case went to trial against the condominium association and security firm, and the jury found for the spouse, awarding her more than $3 million in damages for wrongful death.
Fault was apportioned among the defendants, with 25% of the fault apportioned to the condominium, 25% to the security firm, and the remainder against the assailants who'd murdered the victim. The condominium association argued that it should only be 25% to blame instead of also owing the 25% apportioned to the security company under a vicarious liability for a non-delegable duty theory as argued by the plaintiff.
The condominium appealed the trial court's decision to deny its motion for a directed verdict and the trial court's decision to find it liable for the security company's share of fault. The wife cross-appealed the trial court's decision before trial not to stop the condominium from arguing it wasn't legally responsible for its security firm and the security guard, and she also appealed the denial of her motion to prevent the apportionment of fault between the condominium and security firm.
The case arose when the condominium board became worried about how much crime was occurring in and around the community and took steps to provide greater security. The security firm was hired to provide all-hours security at the front gate. The victim had bought items at another location and the seller tipped off a criminal that the victim had money. They followed the decedent for 20 miles. The security guard let them come into the gated condominium community and the three men shot the victim while robbing him.
On appeal, the condominium argued that the evidence showed it hadn't breached a duty to the decedent under OCGA § 51-3-1. It claimed that the crime wasn't foreseeable and that it didn't have superior knowledge of the risk that caused the decedent's death. The appellate court explained that to recover compensation in a premises liability claim, a plaintiff must show that the defendant knew or should have known about the danger and that the plaintiff lacked knowledge of the danger, in spite of his ordinary care, due to actions or conditions within the owner's control.
Usually, an intervening crime insulates a property owner from liability, but not if the crime was foreseeable. To be considered foreseeable, the crime in question must be substantially similar to earlier criminal activities. The wife had presented evidence of many prior crimes nearby and inside the complex, including the armed robbery of a security guard and the attempted armed robbery of a residence inside the complex. The CEO of the condominium was personally aware of four incidents, and he once had to duck behind a car to avoid being shot. This was why they hired the security firm and took other security measures. The appellate court found this was sufficient to support a finding that the prior criminal activity made the incident reasonably foreseeable. The complex didn't present evidence to show that the victim knew of the prior criminal activity. Instead, they argued that he'd been identified as a robbery victim at a parking lot where he bought electronics. The appellate court found that a crime doesn't have to originate on the property in order to hold an owner liable.
The appellate court also reasoned that the condominium complex had a personal and non-delegable duty to use reasonable care to keep the premises safe, and if a wrongful act were a result of a violation of this non-delegable duty by the security firm, the condominium would be vicariously liable for it.
However, it found that the jury might have faulted the condominium only based on a nuisance theory, and imposing fault on the security firm under common law negligence in that case would be totally independent of the complex. Therefore, it found that the trial court had made a mistake in imposing liability on the condominium for the security firm's portion of fault. This aspect of the judgment was vacated, and the case was sent back to the lower court to enter judgment in accordance with the jury verdict.
This case is also important in that it shows that just because criminals targeted you off sight and followed you onto the premises, the complex still owes you a duty of reasonable security measures after they are on notice.
The Atlanta wrongful death attorneys at Christopher Simon Attorney at Law have considerable experience representing families who have lost their loved ones due to negligence and other wrongful conduct, and they are prepared to assist you with a possible claim. Indeed, if you believe you have a possibly meritorious claim and would like to discuss the options you may have for legal recovery, feel free to contact us to arrange a free case consultation.
Georgia Federal Judge Denies New Trial in Tractor Trailer Accident Case, Atlanta Injury Attorney Blog, published February 15, 2016
Georgia Federal Court Sanctions Defendants for Failing to Preserve Driver's Records in Tractor-Trailer Accident Case, Atlanta Injury Attorney Blog, published May 11, 2016
Posted in: Apartment Attack and Wrongful Death
Updated: May 1, 2017 3:46 pm


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JWsurvey
Giving a voice to the silent majority
Cedars' Blog
About JW Survey
2017 Global Survey
Global Survey: 1
JW Broadcasting
Montana Supreme Court Rules Church Doctrine Trumps Mandatory Abuse Reporting Law, $35M Verdict Against Jehovah's Witnesses Reversed
Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses Named as Defendants in Child Abuse Lawsuits
Jehovah's Witnesses Lose California Child Abuse Case, Appeal to U.S. Supreme Court – Part One
Watchtower: An Institution That Cannot Apologize
Life and Love After Watchtower: Breaking Free from Cycles of Emotional Abuse
Cedars' Blog Child Abuse News
Former elder convicted of rape and pedophilia amid claims of non-cooperation and destroyed evidence
June 29, 2014 June 30, 2014 Cedars 268 Views barry congregation, child abuse, child molestation, ciaran jones, governing body, jehovahs witnesses, judge richard twomlow, mark sewell, merthyr tydfil crown court, two witness rule, watchtower
The conviction of Mark Sewell as a pedophile and rapist casts a shadow over the Barry Congregation
One of the most alarming Jehovah's Witness sex abuse cases ever seen in the UK has ended with the conviction of former elder, Mark Sewell, on eight historic sex charges, including rape, between 1987 and 1995.
Sewell, 53, faces a lengthy jail sentence after the jury at the Merthyr Tydfil Crown Court delivered their verdicts, which included unanimous guilty verdicts on five counts of indecent assault against two young girls.
"By a combination of bullying, bluster and hypocrisy you managed to avoid being brought to account for this utterly disgraceful behaviour for many years," said Judge Richard Twomlow as he remanded Sewell into custody, adding: "Fortunately the jury were not fooled by you and you now face a very substantial prison sentence."
The businessman and former elder, who has now been utterly exposed as a "sexual predator" who used his "position of power" as an elder to "exploit and abuse" women and children, has brought shame on his local congregation in Barry, South Wales, and indeed Jehovah's Witnesses worldwide.
Clear negligence revealed
But perhaps just as disturbing as Sewell's litany of abuse has been the way allegations against him were mishandled by his local elders, who according to instructions from Watchtower were under the direction of the London Branch for all child abuse cases.
As full details of the trial continue to come to light, it has emerged that…
Evidence of allegations against Sewell dating back 20 years was "shredded" by the organization.
Of the "eight or nine" Barry Congregation elders involved in judicial committee hearings against Sewell, only one agreed to give evidence in his Crown Court trial. The rest refused, claiming that they either couldn't remember or were unwilling to assist.
Despite disfellowshipping Sewell 20 years ago, Jehovah's Witnesses provided no help to police and prosecutors in their investigations.
Merthyr Tydfil Crown Court – all but one elder involved with Mark Sewell refused to give evidence here
It was also revealed earlier in the case that the London Branch appointed a seven-man committee of elders to investigate allegations against Sewell. But although this resulted in Sewell being stripped of his position as an elder and disfellowshipped, this action was supposedly taken due to claims of his "belligerent and unforgiving attitude" rather than his sexually abusive behavior. His sex offenses were thus left unacknowledged and unreported.
And in a further indignity, Sewell's victims were made to confront him personally if they wished to see justice served. As SNAP director David Clohessy remarked in response to the judgment: "The internal church 'process' followed here was awful. Victims were sworn to silence and had to be in the room with this predator when they reported their pain, both of which are cruel demands to make on brave but deeply-suffering crime victims."
Statements conflicting with actions
All of the above flies in the face of PR statements made by Watchtower in the wake of the ruling.
A Watchtower spokesman has reportedly offered the following comment (bold is mine):
"As Jehovah's Witnesses we have an absolute and unequivocal abhorrence of child abuse and [offer] our support for any victim or parent who reports this crime to the authorities. This is in line with what the Bible says at Romans 12:9. We feel that the care and safeguarding of children and the promotion of their welfare is extremely important. Jehovah's Witnesses act in harmony with the law and do not condone child abuse in any circumstance or endeavour to shield from the authorities those committing offences of this nature. The spiritual and physical welfare of Jehovah's Witnesses is of paramount concern to the elders who have been appointed to 'shepherd the flock'. Individual members of the congregation who seek guidance on personal matters rightly expect that their concerns are treated confidentially. In the shepherding setting the elders offer personal support in a sensitive and caring manner. Therefore, we are unable to comment on the details of any specific case. Mark Sewell has not been a member of the Barry Congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses for 20 years."
If Jehovah's Witnesses truly have an "absolute and unequivocal abhorrence of child abuse" why were the allegations made against Sewell not reported to the police straight away?
And if Jehovah's Witnesses "act in harmony with the law" and do not "endeavour to shield from the authorities those committing offenses of this nature," why did all but one of the elders involved in judicial action against Sewell refuse to offer evidence at trial, why was evidence destroyed, and why was no help given to police or prosecutors during their investigations?
The Mark Sewell case clearly demonstrates that, when it comes to the handling of child sex abuse, Watchtower is willing to say whatever will tickle the ears of the public even if such statements entirely contradict their actions.
Justice finally served
Despite the horrific nature of Sewell's crimes and the way they were effectively covered up by his elders (and arguably the branch office), there can be at least some consolation in the fact that yet another predator has been brought to justice – even if this is with no thanks to Watchtower.
That Sewell's victims pursued justice so doggedly despite so many setbacks is worthy of huge admiration.
As SNAP's David Clohessy noted: "Given the mean-spirited treatment by JW officials, it's a miracle that Sewell's victims are willing to cooperate with the secular justice system. We applaud them for doing so. We hope they take some comfort from the jury's wise decision today."
Two witness rule increasingly exposed
The case has also been very helpful in bringing to light the shocking inadequacy of Watchtower's approach to child abuse, including its increasingly notorious "two witness rule."
In his coverage of the case, journalist Ciaran Jones told of how "Judge Richard Twomlow touched on the church's two-witness rule and told the jury it meant anything alleged to have happened in private 'can never be proved' unless both people involved agree."
Judge Richard Twomlow
Judge Twomlow is said to have remarked that "almost all sexual activity, whether consensual or not, happens in private," noting that the first victim must "challenge" an offender at a judicial committee. "How effective that can actually be as an actual judicial inquiry may be open to doubt," the judge reportedly commented.
It is a relief to see the absurd and immoral two witness rule finally receiving some much-deserved exposure, not just by journalists investigating these cases, but by law enforcers.
It remains to be seen whether Watchtower can continue its charade as a "charity" in the UK, where indifference and credulity by regulatory bodies such as the Charity Commission is slowly giving way to greater scrutiny – especially over safeguarding measures in which the organization falls so woefully short.
Though the Governing Body stubbornly refuses to bring its child protection policies into line with basic principles of decency and community responsibility, the tide is slowly turning as thinking Witnesses grow weary of having their children placed in harm's way out of mistaken allegiance to archaic traditions.
As this website has repeatedly insisted: "Let the bible judge sin, let the law judge crime."
Elders labelled "spiritually corrupt and morally bankrupt" in Mark Sewell trial
WalesOnline article: "Jehovah's Witnesses destroyed documents showing child abuse allegations against church elder"
WalesOnline article: "Jehovah's Witness leader guilty of rape and seven other indecent assaults"
BBC report
SNAP response to Sewell conviction
JWsurvey articles on child abuse
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December 30, 2012 December 31, 2012 Cedars
2016: The Year In Review – Part One: Jehovah's Witnesses and Child Abuse
January 1, 2017 Mark O'Donnell
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113 thoughts on "Former elder convicted of rape and pedophilia amid claims of non-cooperation and destroyed evidence"
On behalf of Mrs Knightowl :-
Judgement :- 14 years
not forgetting all the other victims :- Justice is served
14 years for a sick piece of sh,one,t: marvelous:-) Hang your head in shame Watchtower for doing FA.
Sisters your the real deal & I love you bits. Watchtower get that piece of crap of the platform now.
Sisters & I'm crying, you've just protected every innocent children. Lots of love & thank you xxxxxxx
The only real justice would be to see him swinging on the end of a rope,but as that wont happen glad he got a lenghthy sentence. So proud of those brave women ,it must of been horrendous from them to go through that ordeal.my heart goes out to them.hope they get a measure of closure.but shame on the elders who didn't support them.
Mrs Knightowl
Thank you Gary and Ang. Your comments are much appreciated. It's been a long time coming. Feels good to be vindicated. Not being believed by the Elders has taken a great toll on me and my family. Being shunned for telling the truth has been devastating. I hope the society is found guilty of criminal negligence and that anyone else out there who has suffered/is suffering, please please come forward. It's tough but worth it in the end. Thank you again for all your kind words of love and encouragement xxx
I agree with your sentiments but I believe that spending 14 years in jail is a far better punishment. Let that wicked man stew in a jail cell, abhorred and shunned by his fellow prisoners. Let him have to face the fact that he is a CONVICTED PAEDOPHILE for every second of every day of those 14 years.
Your daughter must be so proud of you. You, sir, are a fine and good man. I hope that you can help those ladies who want to expose YET ANOTHER child molester.
Ladies, you have gone through such a horrific experience. I hope that the conviction of this disgusting man helps you to continue with your lives on this wonderful world. All of us commenters on this site are on your side and we all wish you peace and love and a good life.
The more I peel away the tissue of decency of this repugnant religion, the more I see that they are as far from Christianity as it is possible to be.
Excelsior!
http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/im-relieved-everybody-now-knows-7357125
English West Country TV: BBC
The Evil Eunice Spry is being released after serving 7 years of 14 for Child Abuse… and, will be housed within 20 miles of her victims.
Very emotional interview with one of her children, assumed to be free of Watchtower now. How did the congregation in Tewkesbury not know that this awful abuse was not going on?
Historic case of Child Abuse by a JW… rearing its head again.
Whizzywoo
I just want to commend all you ladies for your courageous actions, worldly justice has been served and there is one less predator prowling for victims.
As can be seen from the many high profile paedophile prosecutions, these revolting and unrecalcitrant people are adept at hiding in plain sight and will tell you darkness is light with a completely straight face, which is why those closest to them are often the most hoodwinked of all (and why they are often accompanied to court by supportive family). This adds up to a nasty cocktail which any church trial is particularly unqualified to deal with, making the admonition to JW elders to contact hq rather than police when faced with such allegations more reminiscent of damage limitation than victim protection.
As the Charity Commission defines dissemination of religion to be charitable, you may find that legal obligation to protect children from such monsters could be a good angle to approach the issue. The more information the Charity Commission has on how JWs operate from those who know the reality (as opposed to the official face of WTBTS), the more likely they will be able to act. I believe there are a few sites that deal with the international problems of hidden paedophilia?
Keep praying, God does not approve of his sheep being treated so badly xx
Excelsior my brother is in Durham prison ,he was convicted of 13 charges of child abuse in its many forms. He has visits from his wife,getting taught a trade,kept apart from other prisons (who would attack him) he hasn't got the worry of paying bills,making a living etc. He still denies he did anything wrong. He is sheltered .so now you may understand why i want the death penalty be brought back ,they don't deserve to be alive. Sorry for the rant .but my hatred for my brother is so intense. He to abused children under the guise of being " man of god".a ministerial servant.
Rudeawake says;
Kmorg & Nightoul it's good to know that in your hour and times of distress you have friends to turn to who will welcome and comfort you with open arms…we on this site have endeavored to do just that from the depth of our hearts,what ever the sentence this creep receive will be his just desert as the fruits of his ungodly acts of betrayal of trust and loyalty…now you're free from fear of man as you now can trump expressions of truth thereby helping others in the process…so in the words of the psalmist i say to you :Be courageous an let your heart be strong all you who are waiting on Jehovah,31:24…vs 21-23 has happened in your case…GOD HAS REWARDED YOU WITH VICTORY OVER YOUR OPPRESSORS !!!!! You will continue to be comforted…You have our loyal support,the GOD of love and comfort is watching over you.
Seems to me (after having 20 years experience) that, no offence, the Society will keep quiet & allow things to blow over.
(We have a duty to God to maintain confidentiality)
Would it not be possible to create some sort of database for each country of convicted molesters. Names, dates, nature of crimes, whether they pleaded guilty or not, & the hall they attend?
Sewell, The right verdict sure, But un satisfying in that
only the symptom has been dealt with, The underlying
cause of the cancer is the watchtower org, and it's two
witness rule, and the instructions (Command) to elders to
immediately inform the branch office in cases of child
molestation, The obvious reason for this is so they can find
a way to distance themselves from the crime.
Can an organization be blamed for the crimes of it's members,? Perhaps not initially when nothing was known
of their character, But when a serious crime is brushed aside as a direct result of the organizations published rules
then they become culpable in any other crimes of a similar
kind committed by a particular individual.
"Shepherd the flock of god", What hypocrisy, and what
Arrogance, placing themselves above the law of the land,
The watchtower organization is quite frankly diabolical in the
true sense of the word.
People have very short memories and often selective.
Truth is an abstract (consider that one)
MacArthurs Park is melting in the dark.
The suggestion of a database is open to a vast legal minefield ,in all honesty it's about people not surrendering their spirit to outside influences.
I was brought up in the RC faith and trust me they had their fair share of odd clergy violinists and scout masters who fiddled. To make worse born in a town where Cyril Smith had rule …thankfully I remained free from any such abuse other than the violent parental.
Until the cycle of surrendering spirit is broken that sins of the father thing will perpetuate .
It needs brave souls to stand tall which these ladies have.
Grains of sand need only vibrate a little to touch another for they to vibrate another but the beach has a lot of sand. Sadly there are many rocks too still to be worn down by the waves to find their place on the beach by the tranquil sea.
I hope this is the start of a ripple that becomes a tidal wave in this quarter and gives hope to others.
I'm humbled by the bravery of Mrs Knightowl.
Sewell, Right verdict sure, But it's still un satisfying, It's only treating the symptom, the cancers still there in the
watchtower org, with the two witness rule, and instruction
(Command) to elders to immediately inform the branch
office of any child molestation, The obvious reason for that
second rule , Is to create time to distance themselves from
any involvement.
Is any organization responsible for the crimes of it's members, Not initially when there's no evidence of any
Previous crime, But when a crime is known and is brushed
aside by the organizations own published rules, Thereby
allowing an individual to committ more of the same kind of
crime, Then the organization is culpable in those crimes.
"Shepherd the flock of god", What hypocrisy, What arrogance, placing it's self before the law of the land,
The watchtower organization is quite frankly "Diabolical in the true sense of the word.
Going back to the two witness rule in Deuteronomy, We know that ones easily demolished, As Christians are not
Under Mosaic law, We will then be referred to Jesus words at Matt, 18, "If your brother does not listen take along two
or three others as witnesses to establish the matter, : let's
now imagine a situation and then try to "Rigidly apply those
words,: (If your brother rapes your daughter go lay bare his fault his fault between him and you alone, If he does not
listen take along two or three others as witnesses), Without
pointing out the obvious , It would be impossible to produce the witnesses.
Good law is applied with equity, reasonableness, taking into
account each situation, That's how Jesus applied it, It was
the pharisees who were the hard line men the blinkered ones, What man wouldn't break the sabbath law to pull his
sheep out of the pit, How easily Jesus exposed their stunted reasoning.
The watchtower leaders are caricatures of the pharisees,
With a Talmud like dossier of over a thousand rigid rules that their members must keep, Glad I eventually got wise
to them, Although it took 25 years.
I cannot pretend to know how you have suffered with your brother being a paedophile. I think we should agree to disagree on the death penalty. You have my sincere sympathy and respect.
The days of increase for the Jehovah's Witnesses in the West are over. The fact that the WTBTS protects and shelters paedophiles is becoming common knowledge and the good people of the UK have zero tolerance for these despicable individuals.
The WTBTS solution? Get children to be baptised as soon as possible to lock them in to a life of high control by the GB.
We must press forward our defence of what is right. Facts are our ammunition and the WTBTS continues to provide us with damning evidence of their complete lack of any compassion for the innocent victims of domestic abuse and child abuse.
words,: (If your brother rapes your daughter go lay bare his fault, Between you and him alone, If he does not
pointing out the obvious , It would be impossible to produce
the witnesses.
from Mrs Nightowl
My sentiments exactly!!
The GB of the org should ultimately be responsible, it shouldn't stop at just one congregation or congregation level.
Cedars, Do our posts come up quick, Or are they moderated first, I don't want to be doing duplicates,
Thanks for enjoyable & worthwhile site.
CedarsPost author
I'm not sure how you're editing your comments but I notice they're getting flagged by our spam filter because they have an unusual format, namely lots of small lines in quick succession rather than continuous paragraphs. I suggest writing your comment in the box, copying and pasting it to notepad just in case there is a problem, and then submitting it. Hopefully that should work.
Going back to the two witness rule in Deuteronomy, that's
easily demolished as Christians are not under Mosaic Law,
But then we would be referred to Matt,18, Where in the case of an un resolved dispute Jesus says take along one or
two others as witnesses try to reach agreement, but would
that counsel work in every case, For instance: If your
brother rapes your daughter bring up his fault between you
and him alone, If he refuses to listen take along one or two
witnesses, Without stating the obvious it would be
impossible to produce witnesses.
account every situation, That's how Jesus applied the law,
It was the Pharisees that were the hard men rigid, stupid,
Un reasonable, How easily Jesus exposed them , what
man wouldn't break the Sabbath law to pull his sheep out of
The watchtower men are caricatures of the Pharisees, with
their Talmud dossier of over a thousand rules that you must
obey without question.
Absolutely right! This shambles is the responsibility of everyone who continues these disgusting policies. It starts with the seven men of the Governing Body, and it extends down through the Organisation to Congregation level.
As I have posted to go compare, every Elder has a copy of Shepherding the Flock of God, and they have training around this vile document. They co operate with its secrecy by not allowing it to be seen by anyone who is not an Elder.
They should be alarmed by this secret dossier, it should make them uncomfortable that God has decided to have hidden information for the first time in history!!
We are responsible for our individual actions. We cannot use the excuse that we were just following orders.
I always look forward to your comments, kat. I appreciate your unique perspective and the burdens you bear.
Since the Society insists on the 2 witness rule found in Deut. it is odd that they don't also insist on the rapist having to marry the girl and not being able to divorce her all his life too as found in Deut. 22:28,29.
A very valid point, Madam.
The two witness rule was about boundary disputes, pure and simple. Yet another scripture ripped from its meaning and context by the GB.
For people who actually believe in God and a resurrected Jesus, the WTBTS have a great line in blasphemy!!!!
They dare to suggest that a God that personifies Love would want innocent victims to suffer in silence from the horror of child abuse because they choose to apply a scripture that evidently applies to boundary disputes. They dare to state that Jesus has chosen the GB personally, and that every elder (including the disgusting man just convicted) is appointed by Holy Spirit.
I don't believe in God anymore. But they do. How can they believe that they have God's blessing?
Whatever our beliefs, folks, we are all united in our complete rejection of the WTBTS' child protection policy. We all want to see victims acknowledged and compensated, and a fit for purpose child protection policy vigorously enforced.
Mandelay
A nice victory for the U.K. It's revolting that Watchtower leadership does nothing to acknowledge and support the victims of these crimes compared to the current Pope, who has defrocked 400 priests in the past two years and this year has met face-to-face with victims and apologized to them. I'm not Roman Catholic, but that Pope, you gotta love him!
Art Fern
Some random thoughts on the subject:
Please watch the BBC Documentary Louis Theroux-"A Place For Pedophiles". This documentary is a shocking report on the men who commit these crimes, outlines how a sociopathic mind really works, and finally why the likelihood of turning these criminals into non-threatening, non-abusers, is beyond remote. Surely the Tower understands, from their volume of experience, that neither Jesus, science, or modern pharmaceuticals, will cure a pedophile, hence protecting the flock "should" be job 1.
The PR reps statement was so sickening self-serving I couldn't stomach reading the entire paragraph. IF THEY CARED it would seem that bringing the sins of an APOSTATE into the open to save JW children might be a priority. Not so, protecting the Tower is the first and ONLY goal followed by deny, deny, deny.
A JW pedophile is living in his PARADISE, who cares about what happens after the tribulation. The man is surrounded by victims who are taught to KEEP QUIET, if word gets out, the discipline faced by the abuser is weak and temporary with no chance his leaders will take it to the law or encourage the victims to report the crimes. If the man is in a leadership capacity he will either remain or be restored to his position at a later time.
The doctrine and procedures dealing with child sex crime is a perfect storm to maintain the abuse and attract more men with this "issue". I don't have any stats but if pedophiles do not have a higher rate of recidivism than all other categories of criminals, I would be stunned, they seem to just keep on, keeping on, prison or no prison. I would like to see mandatory minimums return, with a very heavy sentence for the second offence and life for the third.
I agree and that is the result when you pull a verse out of its context and apply it to a time, people and to a situation where it was never intended. "We follow the Bible, ain't we special" is a joke, if you ignore the basis for the words, you are misusing and abusing the Bible.
Good point Ted. You don't deal with an epidemic on a case by case basis, you go to the conditions that allow the disease to spread and eliminate, or change, those conditions. Its just silly to think a pedophile preforms before an audience, common sense screams loud and clear that the policy cannot be applied to child sexual abuse.
Typing in "child protection policy" into JW.org brings up an article about sex as it's first choice.
The article tells parents to teach their children to say that they will tell their parents if they are abused.
This is disingenuous. If the child "tells" then the paedophile will not even break a sweat! He/she will simply deny that it happened, and because there are not two witnesses, NOTHING will be done.
It sickens me to my soul that these despicable scumbags can have an open season on Witness children and young people.
another victim of sewell speaks to the press.
http://www.barryanddistrictnews.co.uk/news/latestnews/11362531.Second_victim_of_jailed_church_elder_speaks_out/?ref=var_0
Thanks for the link. What a revolting man Sewell is! I am so glad that he is in jail where he belongs.
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text:
Tris(methylphenyl) phosphate
Summary of results:
Studies are presented for a variety of species as follows:
Rainbow trout: LC50 (96- h): 0.6 mg/L test mat. (nominal) (K2)
Fathead minnow:LC50 (96- h): 44.8 mg/L test mat. (nominal) (K2)
Salmo gairdneri (new name: Oncorhynchus mykiss):LC50 (96- h): 0.6 mg/L test mat. (nominal) & 0.75 mg/L test mat. (nominal) (K2)
Pimephales promelas:LC50 (96- h): > 100 mg/L test mat. (nominal) (K2)
Lepomis macrochirus:LC50 (96- h): 7000 ppm test mat. (nominal) (K4)
Menidia beryllina:LC50 (96- h): 8700 ppm test mat. (nominal) (K4)
The results demonstrate that toxicity is prevalent in certain species, but not others. However, this may be due to differences in the methodology and testing procedures utilised.
As it is known that the phosphates as a group demonstrate toxicity to aquatic organisms, the LC50 value for hazard assessment is taken as 0.6 mg/l.. The risk phrase "Very toxic to aquatic organisms" is applicable.
Review of the data set available for the phosphates as a group indicates that these do pose hazardous effects to fish in chronic studies. Long-term toxicity of tris(methylphenyl)phosphate was assessed in an early-life stage toxicity test with Jordanella floridae. The experimental procedure was based on the dutch national standard method NEN 6504: Acute toxicity test with Poecilia reticulata. The early-life stages of fish are exposed for 28 days to 5 concentrations of the test substance dissolved in water, first under static conditions, and after hatching under semi-static conditions. The test begun by placing fertilised eggs in the test chambers and is continued at least until all the fish are free-feeding. Lethal effects and quantitative growth (weight and length) as sub-lethal effects are assessed and compared with control values to determine the no observed effect concentration (NOLC/NOEC). Stability of test substance was monitored during the experiment. All results refer to measured concentration. Embryonic development took place for 5 to 6 days and within one day all fish hatched. It was shown that hatched fish are more sensitive than embryos (eggs). For the endpoint egg development, a NOEC of 1.0 mg/l was obtained. Observation on mortality and sub-lethal effects results in a NOLC and NOEC of 0.01 mg/l. As analytical monitoring was carried out, the results relate to measured concentrations. This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies generally accepted scientific standards for the early-life stage toxicity test.
3 additional studies are also included. Although limited data is reported within these, the results are considered to support a weight of evidence approach, as these are comparable to other values for long term toxicity to fish in other studies, including those on analogues.
A NOEC for long term fish toxicity is assigned as 0.01 mg/l
Daphnia
Three studies are presented for acute toxicity to Daphnia Magna, with the following results:
EC50 (48- h): 146 µg/L test mat. (estimated) based on: mortality (and mobility)
LC50 (48- h): 0.27 mg/L test mat. (nominal) based on: mortality
The results clearly demonstrate that toxicity is prevalent. As it is known that the phosphates as a group demonstrate toxicity to aquatic organisms, the LC50 value for hazard assessment is taken as146 µg/L. The risk phrase "Very toxic to aquatic organisms" is applicable.
A study was performed to assess the effects of tris(methylphenyl) phosphate on the reproductive output of parthenogenetic Daphnia magna under semi-static conditions. The study was conducted in accordance with the national standard method NEN 6502 (1980): Determination of the chronic toxicity with Daphnia magna. Young female Daphnia, aged less than 24 hours at the start of the test, were exposed to various concentrations. After a 21d-exposure period, the total number of offspring produced per parent animal at the end of the test was assessed. The reproductive output of the Daphnia exposed to the substance was compared to that of the control in order to determine the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC). A NOEC of 0.1 mg/l was obtained, expressed in terms of measured concentrations. This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies generally accepted scientific standards for the long-term toxicity test.
A NOEC for long term daphnia toxicity is assigned as 0. 1 mg/l
Two studies are available for inspection as follows;
1) K1 study: Selenastrum capricornutum were exposed to a 2500 µg/L accommodated fraction (WAF) loading rate of tricresyl phosphate (TCP) and evaluated for effects on cell density, area under the growth curve and growth rate. The 72 and 96-hour EL50, based on cell density, biomass and growth rate, was >2500 µg/L. The 72-hour NOAEL for cell density, biomass and growth rate was 2400, >2500 and >2500 µg/L, respectively, based on a calculated EL10 value. The 96 hour NOAEL, based on cell density, biomass and growth rate was 2500 µg/L.
2) K1 Study Conducted on 'Reaction mass of bis(methylphenyl) phenyl phosphate and diphenyl tolyl phosphate and tris(methylphenyl) phosphate', Desmodesmus subspicatus was exposed for a period of 72 h to test solutions with concentrations, nominally 0.0122, 0.0243, 0.0486, 0.0972 and 0.194 mg/L. The cell densities were measured at 24 hour intervals. Inhibition of the algal population was measured as reduction in growth rate (index r), relative to control cultures grown under identical conditions. Growth rates were also used to calculate a No Observed Effect Concentration and a Lowest Observed Effect Concentration according to Williams Multiple Sequential t-Test Procedure. The following values were determined: ErC 50: 0.4042 mg/L and ErC 10: 0.016 mg/L. As analytical monitoring was carried out, the results are expressed in terms of geometric mean measured concentrations. Effective concentrations ranged from 65.5-69.1% of nominal values at 0 hours, and from 49.0-52.1% of nominal values at 72 hours, respectively. This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirements for the acute algae study.
No toxicity at the limit of solubility in water was therefore noted in either study, and it is proposed that the substance does not cause algistatic effects at the limit of solubility.
A laboratory test was carried out with Kronitex TCP to evaluate the effect of the test item on microorganisms by measuring the respiration rate.
The NOEC was determined to be 1000 mg/L.
The NOEC for respiration rates was not based on the results of a statistical analysis, but it is biologically justified. The respiration rates were not inhibited and influenced dose dependently in the whole concentration range, and the observed slight inhibition (14.6 %) at the concentration level of 1000 mg/L was evaluated as reflecting the biological variability in the test. The calculated respiration rate, 0.350 (at 1000 mg/L) was below the historical control data range (0.522 +/- 0.069), but the deviation from the control was within +/- 15 %, it can be considered as a biological variability of the test system.