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OpEdNews Op Eds 4/4/2018 at 13:40:11 H3'ed 4/4/18
Uncertainty is the Root of the Current Market Craziness
By Thomas Knapp (Page 1 of 1 pages) (# of views) No comments
(Image by Wikipedia (commons.wikimedia.org)) Details DMCA
For months after his inauguration, US president Donald Trump bragged that he was single-handedly producing an economic boom, citing a rising stock market as evidence.
Recently, however, he's stopped that line of self-promotion. The market has seemingly gone nuts. Sudden one-day drops pare back weeks of gains, followed by a cautious recovery of the lost ground. There's a strong correlation between those swings and Trump's mouth, whether he's making formal policy announcements or just tweetstorming his latest obsession.
To understand the problem, let's look to the seemingly unrelated fields of economics and physics.
In a 1997 paper on the Great Depression, Austrian School economist Robert Higgs articulates his theory of "regime uncertainty." Simply put (if I get this wrong, blame me, not Higgs), investors dislike unpredictability.
Investors put their money into enterprises under certain tax and regulatory conditions. When those conditions start suddenly changing or looking like they may change, the investors worry. And when they worry, they get more cautious about where their money is and what it's being used for. They sell off, move their money into what they hope are less volatile assets, and the stock market takes a hit.
German physicist Werner Heisenberg studied uncertainty too, and likewise named a principle for it. Again simply put (and again, blame me, not Heisenberg, if I get this wrong), there are limits to what we can know about multiple aspects of things. Specifically, we cannot precisely determine both the position and the momentum of a particle at a particular moment. The more certain we are about one, the less certain we are about the other.
Donald Trump resembles one of Heisenberg's particles. Sometimes we know where he's at on an issue for the moment, but we needn't bother trying to predict how fast he's going to move or in what direction. He may double down, or he may turn 180 degrees.
One minute he's demanding that regulations be slashed. The next minute, he's nixing multi-billion-dollar aircraft deals over foreign policy. First it's tax reform and tax cuts. Then suddenly it's imposing new taxes -- tariffs -- on steel and aluminum.
This is not to say that any particular idea or policy he comes up with is bad, although some of them obviously are. What matters to investors is predictability.
If there's one predictable characteristic of Trump, it's that he is, and will remain, unpredictable. That unpredictability can only produce negative economic consequences.
Thomas Knapp Social Media Pages:
Thomas L. Knapp is director and senior news analyst at the William Lloyd Garrison Center for Libertarian Advocacy Journalism (thegarrisoncenter.org). He lives and works in north central Florida.
Related Topic(s): Markets, Add Tags
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"Rob explores the difference between a natural, organic, bottom-up connection consciousness and our corporately imposed top-down hierarchical collective consciousness. What Rob is speaking about is the difference between an artificial and ultimately stagnate way of organizing the world and a natural, organic growth, which starts with a seed, sends downs roots and sends up shoots which blossom. By returning to a Nature-based theory of connection, the Bottom-Up revolution brings us back into alignment with Earth's laws, returning humanity to its place in creation. Like a good gardener, Rob works into the soil of his thesis different voices that exemplify how this Bottom-Up revolution is expanding in politics, business, religion, personal self-awareness and story. And he places technology where it belongs—as a tool to further our connection consciousness, not an end in itself. The bottom-up revolution is about democracy finally living up to its original ideals, where we the people decide what we need from our society."
Cathy Pagano, author of Wisdom's Daughters: How Women Can Change the World


The production volumes at the Crystal diamond manufacturing plant in Smolensk are measured in carats and are worth millions of dollars. The unique Russian gem cut is the pride of the plant's jewelers – with all proportions strictly observed, the diamond reflects all the light that falls on it.
Related articles: Diamonds: Russia's new goldmine?


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The Science Fiction Horror and Fantasy Film Review
Film Themes
Avengers Grimm: Time Wars (2018)
29th April 2019 29th April 2019
Rating: ★
USA. 2018.
Director – Maximilian Elfeldt, Screenplay – Jeremy M. Inman, Producer – David Michael Latt, Photography – Josh Maas, Music – Christopher Cano & Chris Ridenhour, Visual Effects Supervisor – Glenn Campbell, Makeup – Denise M. Chavez, Production Design – Allison Schenker. Production Company – The Asylum.
Lauren Parkinson (Snow White), Christina Licciardi (Alice), Elizabeth Eileen (Red Riding Hood), Marah Fairclough (Sleeping Beauty), Katherine Maya (Magda), Eric Feltes (Rumpelstiltskin), Michael Marcel (Prince Charles Charming III), Randall Yarbrough (Hatter)
Magda, the Queen of Atlantis, emerges on the beaches of Los Angeles along with her armies and causes devastation as she moves across the city. Rumpelstiltskin realises that this is because she wants to marry Prince Charming. Alice thinks the best solution is to bring Prince Charming together with his beloved, Snow White. And so Alice retrieves Snow White, Red Riding Hood and Sleeping Beauty from across time and together they set out to stop Magda. In the course of this, Snow White falls back into Charming's arms. Angered, Magda breaks into Looking Glass and activates the magic device that banishes Snow White and others through a portal into the past. There they try to find a way back as Magda uses all her wiles to get Charming to marry her.
The Asylum is a company that specialise in mockbusters and have produced titles such as The Da Vinci Treasure (2006), Pirates of Treasure Island (2006), Snakes on a Train (2006), I Am Omega (2007), Transmorphers (2007), Allan Quatermain and the Temple of Skulls (2008), The Day the Earth Stopped (2008), Death Racers (2008), 100 Million B.C. (2008), Sunday School Musical (2008), The 18 Year Old Virgin (2009), Paranormal Entity (2009), The Terminators (2009), Almighty Thor (2011), Battle of Los Angeles (2011), Abraham Lincoln vs. Zombies (2012), Age of the Hobbits (2012) and Atlantic Rim (2013), among others, all of which are timed to come out at the same time as a high-profile Hollywood release but with soundalike titles in the hope that people won't took closely.
Avengers Grimm: Time Wars was the third film in The Asylum's Avengers Grimm series. The first of the series Avengers Grimm (2015) came out on the coattails of Marvel's Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), while the sequel Sinister Squad (2016) came on the back of DC's Suicide Squad (2016). Likewise, Avengers Grimm: Time Wars was intended to come out at the same time as Marvel's Avengers: Infinity Wars (2018).
Where Marvel's films were conceived as a team-up between their in-house superheroes, The Asylum imagine a crossover between fairytale characters where Snow White, Sleeping Beauty, Rapunzel, Goldilocks, Alice in Wonderland and Little Red Riding Hood team up to fight Rumpeltiltskin, the Big Bad Wolf, The Queen of Hearts and others. Some (but not all) of the same actresses (Lauren Parkinson, Marah Fairclough, Christina Licciardi) repeat previous roles, although other parts have been recast. The first two films were directed/written by Jeremy M. Inman who now steps back to a scripting-only position.
The Avengers Grimm – (l to r) Sleeping Beauty (Marah Fairclough), Snow White (Lauren Parkinson) and Red Riding Hood (Elizabeth Eileen)
There is an amusing idea at the heart of the Avengers Grimm films but in all three films it falls down in an ineptness of execution. For one, the films wrench the original fairytale characters radically out of shape – here Red Riding Hood wields two handguns and tosses hand grenades, while Sleeping Beauty has gained a superpower in being able to blasts walls of ice. All of the roles are cast with D-list nobodies, most of whom have credits either as extras, in short films or the total number of bit parts you could count on one hand. Not too surprisingly, the actresses look less like fairytale princesses than they do bored Hollywood party girls hanging around looking to find any way they can get a foot in the door – the exception to these might be the fresh-faced Elizabeth Eileen who is cast as Red Riding Hood.
The other complaint one has is Jeremy Inman's plotting, which runs to the frequently incoherent throughout the 'Avengers Grimm series. The plot here flips back and forward in time and has a slightly more coherent through story about getting Prince Charming to marry Snow White instead of Magda. Unfortunately, given The Asylum's typical low budget, none of this matters. There are one or two good effects – especially with Magda and her army of merpeople emerging out of the oceans. However, this is a film that involves battles across time, city-destroying wars and struggles to set things aright where all of this fails because the low-budget, indifferent performances and utterly average direction fails to create any drama, urgency or reason to care about the outcome.
Trailer here
Director: Maximilian Elfeldt
Actors: Lauren Parkinson, Christina Licciardi, Elizabeth Eileen, Marah Fairclough, Katherine Maya, Eric Feltes, Michael Marcel, Randall Yarbrough
Themes: Mockbusters, Crossovers, Fairytales, Portals, Merpeople, Time Travel, Atlantis, Film Series and Sequels, Films of 2018
Sinister Squad (2016)
Tomb Invader (2018)
The Last Sharknado: It's About Time (2018)
Sharknado 5: Global Swarming (2017)
6-Headed Shark Attack (2018)
Troy: The Odyssey (2017)
Sharknado: The 4th Awakens (2016)
Almighty Thor (2011)
5 Headed Shark Attack (2017)
King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table (2017)
Transmorphers (2007)
Sharknado 2: The Second One (2014)
Age of the Hobbits (2012)
Mega Shark vs Giant Octopus (2009)
Shrek Forever After (2010)
Princess of Mars (2009)
Review Ratings
5★ 4.5★ 4★ 3.5★ 3★ 2.5★ 2★ 1.5★ 1★ 0.5★ 0-★
I Was a Zombie for the FBI (1982)
Nightmare (1964)
Malicious (2018)
Fuck You All: The Uwe Boll Story (2019)
Charlie Says (2018)
The Raven (1915)
Amelia 2.0 (2017)
Catacombs (1988)
Leprechaun Returns (2018)
Select Year 2019 (194) 2018 (243) 2017 (421) 2016 (371) 2015 (478) 2014 (456) 2013 (448) 2012 (332) 2011 (418) 2010 (680) 2009 (319) 2008 (179) 2007 (161) 2006 (193) 2005 (208) 2004 (213) 2003 (370) 2002 (363) 2001 (469) 2000 (468) 1999 (332) 1998 (43) 1997 (35) 1996 (50) 1995 (49) 1994 (34)
© Copyright Richard Scheib 1999-2019
Theme by Joy Reynolds

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Bali Tranquility Tours
Bali Private Driver
Tours Package
Bedugul Tours
Jatiluwih Tours
Ubud Tours Day 1
Uluwatu Tours
Kuta Tours
Lovina Tours
Besakih Tours
Kintamani Tours
Lempuyang Tours
Karangasem Tours
Bali Activities
Elephant Riding
TAMAN UJUNG IS FIRST PLACE VISITED FOR KARANGASEM TOURS
Taman Ujung 'water palace', with its complete and official designation of Taman Sukasada Ujung, is located in the village of Seraya in Karangasem regency. It is the sister site of Tirta Gangga, also built by the late raja of Karangasem. The complex consists of various large pools and historic structures set against a backdrop of Mount Agung and the eastern shoreline. The site suffered near devastation by showers of hot ash following the eruption of nearby Mount Agung in 1963, and also weathered an earthquake in 1979. Restoration efforts throughout the decades made way to its current splendour, and it continues to appeal to both locals and visitors.
The Taman Ujung complex has a combination of Balinese and European architecture throughout three large ponds connected by long elegant bridges and pathways. The physical features and superb mountainous backdrop to its north, and sea to its southwest, make it a favourite location for pre-wedding and artistic photographers. The name 'Ujung', means 'extremity' in Indonesian, and it often makes it easy for locals to describe its location as being one of the island's largest historical landmarks and places of interest in the easternmost part of the island.
The whole park covers an approximate 10 Ha of land located approximately 11 km southeast of Karangasem's capital of Amlapura. Its foundations were first laid out in 1919, under the rule of then raja I Gusti Bagus Djelantik who was best known by his noble title, 'Agung Anglurah Ketut Karangasem'. The complex underwent a series of expansions and pool additions around a single existing pool which served not as a royal bathing place, but instead a site for punishment of accused proponents of black magic or Balinese witchcraft known as 'pangiwa' and 'leyaks'.
This pool was known as 'Kolam Dirah' and was said to have been built during the rule of the previous raja of Karangasem, dating back to 1901. The Dirah pool is located in the southeast corner of the current layout, and takes its name from the witch queen of the Calonarang legend. Two ensuing pools were built adding to the Dirah pool, as well as a number of resting pavilions, the raja's meditation quarters, and the Taman Gili floating pavilions. The complex then shifted purpose to serve as a retreat and a place to welcome dignitaries on their visit to the Karangasem kingdom. In 1921, during the Dutch occupation of Indonesia, Taman Ujung became an officially open to the public and became known as a royal water garden complex.
Combinations of Balinese and European architecture are evident through its ornate pillars, statues and garden and pool features. And much of its scenic appeal owes to the blend of manmade structures amidst nature panoramas. To the southeast is a hilly range known as Bukit Bisbis; and in the south is the namesake Ujung Beach with its blue horizon. An expanse of verdant rice paddies lies to its east, while in the west are residential housings. To the northwest of Taman Ujung is a collection of cottages meant for overnight visitors. A temple known as Pura Manikan can be found within the grounds of Taman Ujung. Here a revered water spring is used by devotees and pilgrims. Taman Ujung is open to the public. Visitors to the eastern parts of Bali may visit Taman Ujung along their tour itineraries, adding to the memorable and scenic photo opportunities with its unique architectural features. A favourite lookout and high vantage point can be had at one of the 'warak' pavilions built on an eastern hill, accessible from a five-minute drive uphill from the site.
VIRGIN BEACH IS SECOND PLACE VISITED FOR KARANGASEM TOURS
Virgin Beach Bali located close to Candidasa Bali. Perasi beach has many names, but it is only one beach. Recommend to visit this beach during your holiday in Bali as one of your outdoor attractions in Bali. White sand beach Bali can be said as one of the best beaches in Bali if you are looking for a less crowded beach. The Beach location very far away from most of the tourist site in Bali.
The sand here isn't pure white, it close to white rather than yellow also mixes with black-sand but well-known as a white sand beach. Virgin Beach Bali still offer you cleanness, beautiful scenery, and clean seawater. Many small cafes are available at Virgin Beach Bali and sell good food and consider cheap to most people. Not only beach and cafe, but you also will be able to see Balinese traditional boat that uses by local fisherman. The weather of Virgin Beach Bali is clear; you will see clear blue seawater and exceedingly delight to set your eyes and exquisite for swimming.
Best things to do at Perasi beach Bali is swimming and snorkeling. You can hire snorkel equipment here, so you do not need to bring one unless you already have one.
A natural environment like on the sea sometimes can get rough, so you need to be very careful especially if you travel with kids.
Virgin Beach Bali also provide deck chairs and umbrellas, that located in front of the small cafe. Also, if you want to use it, just ask the staff at the cafe. Balinese massage you can get it here. There are plenty of local masseurs available on the beach with affordable price.
TENGANAN VILLAGE IS THIRD PLACE VISITED FOR KARANGASEM TOURS
Tenganan Village in East Bali is one of the Bali Aga (original Balinese) communities in Bali and it is famous for its well-preserved village layout and the ongoing survival of its traditional crafts. The village is only an 8-minute drive from the main resort hub of Candidasa, East Bali. It comprises two sub-villages: Dauh Tukad (loosely, "west of the river") and Pegringsingan. Pegringsingan is best known for its traditional gringsing tie-dyed 'double ikat' cloth. The annual Perang Pandan war dance, featuring friendly duels among village males, is definitely worth seeing if your visit coincides with this event.
Pick up time: 08:30 am
Duration: approx. 10 hours
Super comfort and fully air-conditioned vehicle
Experienced English-speaking driver
Exclusive private touring
All parking fee as per itinerary
Petrol for vehicle
Tour excludes: entrance fee as per itinerary, meals fee and any other personal (optional) expenses
Area Covered for Pick Up:
Seminyak, Legian, Kuta, Nusa Dua, Jimbaran, Sanur, Ubud, Denpasar, Benoa Harbour, Airport
Please contact us for pick up in different area
IDR 850.000 / Minibus ( 1 till 4 person included)
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Copyright © Bali Tranquility Tours


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The window for submitting talks for this years YACP::Europe conference has been closed. We have received about 94 talks we have to shuffle into the regular schedule.
We hope we can make a schedule for interest of all, but due to time constraints, some talks will not be accepted for various reasons, but we hope we can schedule a marvelous YAPC::Europe with something for everybody. The diversity in topics in the submitted talks certainly gives us the opportunity to do so.


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84cm studio umbrella with translucent white face.
The material is neutral and allows about 50% transmission.
This translucent umbrellas, which are lightweight, easy to use and assemble, provide a wide, even and soft illumination.
These translucent umbrellas, which are lightweight, easy to use and assemble, provide a wide, even and soft illumination that is great for both portraits and group shots or for product shooting of larger objects.


After producing long-lasting organic search engine optimization (SEO) results for brands of all shapes and sizes for more than a decade, our company understands that each organization is unique. That is why we approach every project as an individual and come up with custom solutions tailored to your specific Internet Marketing needs. As a business, we have one goal in mind: help you find – and convert – new clients.


Some iPhone users complain about the small size of iPhone screen reduce much fun of watching videos, playing games and so on. Therefore, more and more iPhone users choose to mirror iPhone to a bigger screen, such as your computer. It really is an enjoyable thing to use your iPhone with a large enough screen. But some of users still not know how to display iPhone on computer.
Actually there are two major ways to display iPhone on computer. One is using AirPlay with a 3rd party program, the other is using a wired connection between computer and iPhone. The previous one should be simply while the latter is much more stable. What is more, when you display iPhone on computer, we list 6 methods for you to help you project iPhone to computer.
LonlyScreen is excellent tool we want to recommend to you which you can display iPhone on computer with. It is commented as the smoothest way to mirror iPhone or iPad screen to PC or Mac easily. Just with a single click, your iPhone screen will be displayed on the bigger screen. You can share your presentation, app demo, game play or family pictures with this wonderful software. It is one of the most popular software people use in classroom, meeting room or living room. What's more, it also allows you capture and save your iPhone game play or other videos or pictures. Meanwhile, it supports you upload these files to YouTube or Vimeo in one click. To display iPhone on computer, you can follow the below steps.
First of all, download LonlyScreen from its official website. And then install it on your computer patiently. Once it is installed, this program will launch itself.
If you want to display iPhone on computer, you must insure your iPhone and the computer are connected with the same Wi-Fi. If not, just change one of the network connection.
Now it is time to swipe up your finger from the bottom of your iPhone screen to access Control Center, and then initiate AirPlay. If you are using iOS 7, iOS 8 and iOS 9, you need to tap AirPlay. For iOS 10, just tap on AirPlay Mirroring to initiate AirPlay. For iOS 11/12, you need to choose Screen Mirroring. Check this post if the AirPlay not working.
Next choose LonlyScreen from the list your AirPlay shows to you and enable display iPhone to computer. Now back to your computer, and you can see your iPhone screen on your computer via LonlyScreen.
The best way we want to recommend to you is using Apeaksoft iOS Screen Recorder to display iPhone on computer. It is the best software which can help you mirror and record your iPhone, iPad, iPod touch to your Windows computer. It provides you an easy yet professional way to project iPhone to computer.
What's more, it fully supports all models of iPhone, iPad and iPod. It is compatible with iOS 12/11 and later. Moreover, you can record your screen in one click and customize recording settings according your needs. After you finish your iPhone screen recording, you can output HD videos in MP4 with high quality. In what follows we will teach you how to display iPhone on computer.
First of all, go to the official website to download Apeaksoft iOS Screen Recorder on your computer. And then install it. When it is installed, you can launch this software.
The most important step to project iPhone to computer is connect your iPhone and your computer with the same network. So that your iPhone can recognize your computer when you want to mirror your device.
After you make sure your iPhone are connected with the same Wi-Fi as your computer, you are able to display iPhone on computer with the help of AirPlay. So you need to turn on AirPlay firstly.
Double-tap your iPhone's Home button and then swipe right to tap the AirPlay icon. Then select Apeaksoft iOS Screen Recorder in the list it shows to you. Next turn on Mirroring and tap Done.
Swipe up from the bottom of the screen to access control center, and then tap on AirPlay icon. Next select Apeaksoft iOS Screen Recorder and turn on Mirroring.
For iOS 10, you need to swipe up from the bottom of the screen to open control center. Then tap AirPlay Mirroring and choose Apeaksoft iOS Screen Recorder from the list.
Swipe up from the bottom of the screen to access control center and find Screen Mirroring to tap it. Then select Apeaksoft iOS Screen Recorder.
When you done these things, you can see your iPhone screen on your computer. Now you are successfully display iPhone on computer. If you want to finish the mirroring, you can tap Stop Mirroring on your iPhone.
If you want to record your iPhone screen, you can click the circle button to begin recording. When you want to stop, click the button again, and this software will lead you to the destination where your recorded videos saved.
Apowersoft Phone Manager is a comprehensive program that can help you display iPhone on computer. It is one of the most professional phone manager for Android and iOS, which can be used in Windows and Mac. Except helping you manage your phone, it also is a good software you can mirror your iPhone. It provides two ways for you to choose according to your needs. You can follow the below steps.
First of all, you need to download Apowersoft Phone Manager on your computer. Then install it. Next you can begin to project iPhone to computer. There are two ways you can display iPhone on computer via Apowersoft Phone Manager.
Connect your iPhone with computer via your USB cable, and then there will pop up a window asking you to trust this computer or not. You need to click "Trust" button to continue your operation.
Now you can launch Apowersoft Phone Manager on your computer. Once it opened, it will ask you to install a driver. Just follow the guide it gives you to install it. Next time you run this software on your computer, you won't need to install the driver anymore. Next this software will help you project iPhone to computer.
Before you display iPhone on computer, you need to make sure that you have set up iPhone and your computer in the same Wi-Fi network. If not, change one of the network connection.
Run Apowersoft Phone Manager on computer and then click "iOS Recorder" which you can find in Tools icon. After that, your computer will pop up a window which is a regular alert. Tick the two boxes and then click "Allow access" to continue.
Swipe up from the button of your iPhone screen to access control center. Find AirPlay and tap on it for iOS 7, iOS 8 and iOS 9. If you are using iOS 10, you need to tap AirPlay mirroring. For iOS 11/12, just tap Screen Mirroring.
Now you can find a TV icon named by Apowersoft [your computer's name] and select it. In iPhone running in iOS 7, iOS 8 and iOS 9, you need to open the Mirroring function. And now you are successfully display iPhone on computer and you can see your iPhone screen on computer.
X-Mirage is the most professional AirPlay sever for Mac and Windows PC. With such a good software, you can easily display iPhone to computer wirelessly. The device it supports including your iPhone, iPad and iPod touch. It allows you to mirror iPhone to Mac and PC. You can record your iPhone screen with one click. Just follow the next steps to project iPhone to computer.
Go to the official website and download X-Mirage on your computer. If you are using Mac, then you need to drag X-Mirage to Applications folder. If you are using Windows PC, just install it according the guide.
Now you can launch X-Mirage on your computer. If you want to try the trial version, just click Continue button. Or click Buy Now to purchase a license code. Then enter the code you bought and click Enter Key to register. And then you can see the main interface where you can set AirPlay display size, airplay name, password, etc.
The pre-condition of mirroring your iPhone screen is that your computer and iPhone are connected with the same network. So make sure your Mac or Windows PC and your iOS devices are in the same Wi-Fi network.
Now you can project iPhone to computer. Firstly, swipe up from the button of your screen to access control center. For iOS 7, iOS 8 and iOS 9, you need to tap AirPlay icon. For iOS 10, tap on AirPlay Mirroring. For iOS 11, you need to choose Screen Mirroring. Next choose X-Mirage [your computer's name]. And then you are successfully display iPhone to computer.
The last way we want to recommend to you to display iPhone on computer is using Reflector to project iPhone to computer. With it, you can mirror your iOS device to computer wirelessly. And it is one of the most professional software for you to use. The way to display iPhone on computer with Reflector is very easy to follow. You can refer the below steps.
Find Reflector with your browser and then download the latest version to your computer. Next install this software according to the installation guide. When it is installed, launch it. Be attention it is not a free software, but you can use the free trial version for 7 days.
Make sure your iPhone and computer are connected with the same Wi-Fi network. So that you can use AirPlay to display iPhone on computer depend on the network connection in next steps.
Swipe up from the bottom of your iPhone screen, after that you can access the control center. And then turn on AirPlay. If you are using iOS 7, iOS 8 or iOS 9, you need to tap on AirPlay. if you are using iOS 10, tap AirPlay Mirroring. For iOS 11, just select Screen Mirroring.
When you see the window searching for Apple TV, you can select your computer name from the list. And then you are successfully displaying iPhone to computer with Reflector. You can see your iPhone screen on your computer's bigger screen.
After you finish reading this article, you must get the skill to project iPhone to computer with different ways. As you can see from above, Apeaksoft iOS Screen Recorder provides a convenient way to mirror iPhone to PC. Just free download it and have a try.
Next time you have the same demand, you can easily display iPhone on computer. If you think this article useful, just share it with your friends who are in need. Hope you guys enjoyed.


It was once a common platitude in international aid circles to say that anyone could be enslaved. The fear of so-called white slavery is what spawned the Liam Neeson movie Taken. A rich American girl is kidnapped while on holiday in Paris and is destined for a life of (sexual) servitude unless her father saves her.


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Q: Bootstrap 4 popover JS ошибка Сначала делаю фокус в input и если следующий клик это label для этого инпута, то вылетает ошибка в консоль:

Uncaught Error: Tooltip is transitioning
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Как исправить?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


First, if you see a zebra crossing you go to it and if there is a button press it and wait. When you hear the beep you can cross the road. This is good for blind people.
You should stop look and listen to check if it is clear. You have to wait because if you can hear cars you can't cross.
If you see a little gap you can't squeeze into the road because it is dangerous. You have to wait for it to be clear, listen and be careful.


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The Kind of Face You Hate - Day 11: Let Us Destroy
Now comes the time in this series when I just start grabbing at all the new anthologies I picked up in preparation for October and start, like, reading them. This generally lasts three or four days. Three or four quite fruitful days, I'm hoping, because there are some interesting, or potentially interesting, ones in the mix. For instance, today's book, called The Monster's corner, edited by Christopher Golden. It features stopries by several of your hottest young-ish horror writers, and has a solid core theme, to boot. In his introduction, Golden gives you the gist:
As my literary interest grew, I found myself gravitating toward such [sympathetic] portrayals of monstrosity again and again. I read Mary Shelley's Frankenstein at last, and finally realized something that I had known in my heart for years by that time -- the monster was the hero. The monster was the protagonist. Though the story might be structured otherwise, the language and characterization made it an inescapable truth.
I think Golden is slightly missing how completely Victor Frankenstein fits the bill, but otherwise point taken. And that, in essence, should tell you what kind of stories one should expect from The Monster's Corner. So going into this, I was thinking I might read a story about a married couple who wake up in the morning and lovingly kiss each other and then go eat breakfast and get their kids ready for school and the parents make the kids' lunches and pat them of the heads and put them on the bus and the dad gets ready for work, and while doing so he looks in the bathroom mirror and the story ends: "And he was a goblin all along." You know, something really good like that.
But no, Golden and his writers had quite different ideas, to the point that one of the two stories I read has nothing whatsoever with Golden's stated premise. That story is called "The Other One", by Michael Marshall Smith. Smith is a writer who wants to be clever like Iain Banks, because Banks writers what I guess might be called "literary thrillers", of a very odd sort but we'll stay with that, under the name "Iain Banks" and hard science fiction under the name "Iain M. Banks." It's just a simple way to divide the two parts of his bibliography without going for a full-blown pseudonym. Smith does this too, by writing thrillers under the name "Michael Marshall", but so far I haven't detected anywhere near the difference among his work to justify the confusion (just a quick note, "Iain Banks" and "Iain M. Banks" doesn't fuck up anybody's bookshelves, just so you know). Smith wrote science fiction early on, but hasn't written anything in that genre in a while, so I can no longer see the worth of this decision. But whatever. I actually like Smith. Though I haven't read the third and feel like I'd need to reread the first two books in order to do so, I have so far thoroughly enjoyed his pretty much insane ancient-serial-killer-cult thriller series that began with The Straw Men and has continued with The Upright Man and Blood of Angels. The Upright Man has sasquatches in it. That's all I'm going to say.
So I approached "The Other One" with no little interest only to be disappointed twice over. First, it's not any good. Second, I can't detect even a passing resemblance in it to Golden's idea. There isn't a monster to be found in it. Something supernatural is going on, and in fact it belongs to a very specific subgenre of horror, or supernatural stories anyway, that I can't name without giving away the ending, such as it is, but there's no monster. And the only character we really have is not sympathetic. She's a thirty-eight-year-old woman named Kerry who, when we meet her, is flying back to England from Washington, DC, where she attending a friends' wedding, and also partying it up and cheating on her boyfriend Richard. Who's an asshole, though, so that's okay (honestly it is, I'm not really being saracastic). Also, and this is going to come off as some weird off-topic tangent, but "The Other Woman" put me off quite early when Kerry mentally bitched her way through airport security. I guess I'm supposed to be nodding to myself in agreement with Kerry and, more to the point, Smith, who can't believe this security woman has the gall to do the job she's being paid to do, and the whole seen makes me think that Kerry -- oh, okay, that Smith -- is the kind of person who is able to think, depending on which better suits the situation, both "How dare they search that person, that's profiling" and "Oh for God's sake, do I look like a terrorist?"
Plus, what's this shit:
Nobody hated anybody else's choice in music anymore, either...Noboday had the backbone to truly hate anything, these days: They were too busy liking -- Facebooking or tweeting whatever track they were listening to...
Etc. But so, do they have a different internet in England than the one we have here? Because if so, theirs sounds a lot nicer. Which...okay, I just realized that now I look like the asshole here.
So anyway.
There's not much more to say about "The Other One", frankly. I can't examine it on the terms Golden laid out because it's not that kind of story, and it's also a twist story, which means it plays like some kind straightforward tale of early mid-life angst until the supernatural makes Kerry think that she should have been braver about her life choices but now it's too late. In short, I do not know why this story was in this book.
Meanwhile, Gary A. Braunbeck's story, "And Still You Wonder Why Our First Impulse is to Kill You: An Alphabetized Faux-Manifesto transcribed, edited, and annotated (under duress and protest)" is more like it. I guess. After reading that title, it probably won't shock you to learn that Braunbeck's story is a bit on the odd side. It brings to mind Steve Rasnic and Melanie Tem's The Man on the Ceiling, Thomas Ligotti's "Notes on the Writing of Horror: A Story" as well as, more clearly, Harlan Ellison's "From A to Z, in the Chocolate Alphabet" and "The Deathbird", the former because like that story, Braunbeck's "And Still You Wonder Why Our First Impulse is to Kill You..." is a series of fragments about whatever word he's associated with the next sequential letter in the alphabet (A is for Abomination, B is for Bogeyman, and so on). Then on top of that is the gimmick that Braunbeck is writing all of this under threat of death, his and his family's, under the supervision of a great host of monsters, all the monsters ever it would seem, who are sick of how their lives and ancient existence and powers have been subverted by our, humanity's, use of them, and of the language used to describe them. And then there's the awful description at the beginning of the death of Braunbeck's cat, Ruben, given instant end stage feline AIDS and leukemia by the monsters as proof they are serious:
And if you found that hard to read, imagine how I felt having to sit there and watch it happen, completely powerless to ease even an iota of his suffering.
I wondered if maybe this, the death of his cat named Ruben, was perhaps true and was being filtered in, which made me think of Ellison's brilliant "The Deathbird" in which Ellison inserts a completely nonfiction, short memoir piece about the death of his dog, Abu.
So there's a lot going on here, referentially speaking. Braunbeck is a very prolific writer, and rather beloved in a cult sort of way. I read his novel In Silent Graves, supposedly one his major works, and I confess I was not a fan. Despite some really awful -- in the good sense -- imagery early on, that novel began to drift into fantasy pretty quickly, and not to the novel's benefit. This story has its share of problems as well. For one thing -- it's frankly debatable how much of a problem this really is -- the gimmick of the story, specifically the monsters supposedly hanging over Braunbeck, trying to make their demands known, never really come through in a way that Golden seems to be intending in this anthology. I never sympathized with them, in other words, because it's all too abstract and post-modern. But that's a nitpick at best, as I'm not sure that kind of suspension of disbelief is really an aim here. Worse, for me, is some of the points Braunbeck is trying to make. Similar to my objections to the Max Brooks story from last week, Braunbeck tries to take a jab at epistolary horror fiction by making stuff up:
[Author's Note: Yet have you noticed that the narrators of these stories always seem to have time to write "Gaaaah!" or "Arrrrrrgh!" or something like that?]
Well, actually, no, I haven't. I did notice that this was a joke in Monty Python and the Holy Grail, and that, for instance, Geoffrey Household's Dance of the Dwarfs, which takes the form of the narrator's journal, ends mid-sentence. What pray-tell are you referring to? There's also a passage involving Braunbeck and fellow horror writer Tim Waggoner eating at McDonald's and comparing the other customers to the children from The Midwich Cuckoos/Village of the Damned. Look at the people who eat at McDonald's! Thank God we're not like them. Anyway, that's what comes across, whatever Braunbeck thought he was up to, and it's cheap.
But there's much to praise, too. "And Still You Wonder Why Our First Impulse is to Kill You..." is relentlessly chatty and weird and maybe not even a horror story, but a horror story about horror stories. If Braunbeck himself sounds up his own ass here, I would think it's impossible to write a story like this and not sound that way. Even if he's occasionally too jokey here, Braunbeck's actual prose is generally much, much better than what I encountered in In Silent Graves, in large part, I suspect, because the total lack of any kind of boundaries inherent in this sort of thing instill in him and the story with a great deal of energy that you can absolutely feel as you read. As plain as the comparisons to Ellison might be (and yes, I bring him up a lot lately, but there was truly no choice in this case), and Braunbeck actually includes an acknowledgments section where he tips his hat to Ellison, there was still a sense while reading "And Still You Wonder Why Our First Impulse is to Kill You" that I didn't quite know what this was. I'd say that's too rare an experience.
Posted by bill r. at 12:13 PM
Labels: Christopher Golden, Gary A. Braunbeck, Michael Marshall Smith, The Monster's Corner
Taidan said...
I feel like Michael Marshall Smith is hit and miss. Just read a short story of his the other day, though, "What Happens When you Wake in the Night," which I thought was simple but quite good.
He is good. I liked the two novels I mentioned and really look forward to reading more, but this story just felt like nothing.


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Bad Ideas: Staying "Awake" While Getting Breast Implants From A Non-Plastic Surgeon
Filed to: breastFiled to: breast
Sugery
"They are talking to me the entire time," Dr. Robert. L. True says of his patients who opt to be "awake" during implant surgery. Yikes!
According to a New York Times piece by Catherine St. Louis, Dr. True is an obstetrician and gynecologist by training. Repeat: OB/GYN. Not a plastic surgeon by training. And this is not uncommon:
Dr. Anil K. Gandhi, who performs both awake procedures at his office in Cerritos, Calif., said he had taught "more than 100 doctors" in two-day $7,000 seminars for the National Society of Cosmetic Physicians. His students are doctors who typically did their residencies in ob/gyn or family medicine and who take a weekend course (or two) to learn how to do aesthetic surgeries with local anesthesia and sedation.
A two-day course! Dr. William P. Adams Jr., a plastic surgeon in Dallas, says, "it's just crazy."
But back to being "awake." What Dr. True and others like him do is prop up a patient — in the middle of surgery — ask if the implants look okay, and then sew the ladies up.
Jane Z. had an "awake" procedure done, and tells the Times she felt "pretty much out of it." She adds: "You're technically awake, but you remember nothing."
Sounds like these doctors are giving patients a false sense of control. Which is exactly what people who have decided to get implants want — the feeling that they can design their own body, regardless of what Mother Nature has given them. The problem? Surgery can have complications; humans are meant to age and sag, life is not completely under your control, etc.
Plus. Dr. Adams from Dallas puts it this way:
"They don't let people drive after a six-pack of beers. How well will people choose an implant size after narcotics?"
Awake for Breast Implants? If You Wish [NY Times]


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Last updated: December 28, 2020 – 7:36 PM
For most of us, 2020 has been a year of trials and tribulations. A seemingly never-ending barrage of new challenges has confronted us at the turn of each season. As Chicagoans continue to grapple with a deadly global pandemic, many are struggling desperately to hang on to the only thing that can keep them safe: their homes.
After moving into her two-bedroom Albany Park apartment with her teenage daughter in January, Ferrus Najemba felt safe and secure. Victor Munoz, who had lived next door with his wife and two daughters for 13 years, felt the same way. But that all had changed by May of this year, when all 20 or so tenants in the seven-unit building were told that they had to go. Just five days after purchasing the building on May 23rd, the new owner, Brian McFadden, sent 30-day notices to the tenants telling them they must leave by the end of June.
Salvadore Alvarez holds up a copy of the 30-day notice he received outside of his apartment building on September 4, 2020.
Everyone in the building had always paid rent dutifully. Many of the tenants, most of whom are immigrants with children, have lived in the building for years. Their former landlord never mentioned anything about selling the building. The tenants were surprised, confused, and angry. In hopes of delaying their ouster from the building, Ferrus and her neighbors worked with organizers from Metropolitan Tenants Organization and the Autonomous Tenants Union to form a tenants union and demand one-year leases for all current residents.
The newly formed Leland Tenants Union (named after the street where they reside) tried to meet with the owner, but he ignored them for weeks. They worked with their Alderman (Carlos Ramirez Rosa (35th), and held a press conference outside their building in September. "He has not called me back. Pick up the phone, Brian. Sit down with these tenants. They're prepared to sign permanent leases. They're prepared to pay rent. Do the right thing," Rosa said. One by one, tenants from the building shared their stories and demanded a meeting with McFadden. "When we got the eviction notices, it was heartbreaking and scary. I was angry," Victor Muñoz said during the press conference, his voice cracking with emotion. "I started worrying about my kids. How am I going to keep a roof over their heads during this pandemic?".
Victor Munoz speaks during the press conference outside his apartment on September 4, 2020.
The tenants union didn't stop making their demands, and their dedication paid off. A week after their protest, negotiations with McFadden resumed. In October, McFadden agreed to waive back rent and give all the tenants one-year leases.
Today, MTO is joining the Leland Tenants Union and the thousands of renters across Chicago calling for a Just Cause bill, which would eliminate no-cause evictions, give more time to tenants who do have to move, and put certain limits on reasons why a landlord can displace a tenant. With such a bill, tenants like Victor and Ferrus would be protected, and our communities would be that much safer.
Save-the Date for Shining Stars for Fair Housing Fundraiser 4.21.2020
Thank You to MTO supporters and volunteers on #Giving Tuesday
You're Invited to the Party
Get Ready for Bowl-a-thon 2018 this August!
"How-To" Guide – Dealing with Extreme Cold
Federal Register Notice: Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions to Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19
What to Know About Illinois Housing Development Authority Emergency Rental Assistance Program


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Bastian Hagmaier[1], Center for Global Sustainability and Cultural Transformation (CGSC), Leuphana University of Lüneburg
This article elaborates on sustainable entrepreneurs acting as change agents with a focus on their relevant key competencies for sustainability. For this purpose, the existing set of key competencies for sustainability by Wiek et al. (2011a) is combined with entrepreneurial competencies. The specific form of required competencies to act as change agents should inspire future design of curricula.
A literature review regarding key competencies, change agent concepts and sustainable entrepreneurs and their competencies forms the foundation. Ten semi-structured, qualitative expert interviews with entrepreneurs emphasise the relevance that the practitioners assign to each of the different competencies. Applying this framework of different competencies, the entrepreneurs' change agent behaviour identifies a specific competence profile of sustainable entrepreneurs of two axes: the importance of key competencies and the addition of specific entrepreneurial competencies. This is of high relevance to design specific programs to educate future change agents.
This research limits its findings to sustainable entrepreneurs. A larger number of interviews and an expansion to other expert groups, such as entrepreneurs without sustainable projects, could strengthen the results. With this article the author contributes to the debate key competencies and entrepreneurial competencies in higher education as well as their practical relevance.
Keywords: Key competencies for sustainability, entrepreneurship education, change agents, sustainable entrepreneur, entrepreneurial competencies, competence sets.
'Welcome to the Anthropocene!' (Nature Editorial, 2003: 709). What started as a catchphrase to raise awareness of global trends in an editorial in Nature in 2003 is now an officially recognised geological epoch in which human activities have grown to become significant geological forces (Steffen et al., 2015: 82). The Anthropocene is characterised by an unprecedented impact of humans on ecosystems, which ultimately poses a global threat to the long-term viability and integrity of social-ecological systems (Rockström et al., 2009). For the first time in history, human activities are the major driver contributing to global change, witnessed through accelerated climate change, loss of biodiversity and increasing social injustice (Leach et al., 2013: 85–86).
In response, the concept of sustainable development is interpreted as a pathway for a development within safe and just borders gained momentum (Raworth, 2012: 7). Today not only is sustainable development increasingly considered and discussed in the political sector, but also in economic research (Costanza, 1992). Recent changes led to an adjustment of the original Brundtland definition to include the security of people and the planet. The revised definition of sustainable development in the Anthropocene states: 'Development that meets the needs of the present while safeguarding Earth's life-support system, on which the welfare of current and future generations depends' (Griggs et al., 2013: 306). This definition is the guideline for this article.
Entrepreneurial activity can create this welfare for businesses and the ability to incorporate sustainability into their strategies is becoming increasingly more important (Figge et al., 2002: 269). In order to fully address the challenges that come with sustainability, more is needed than just a general commitment or greening of existing business models. Ultimately, it will depend on competent and committed multipliers, initiating sustainability-related projects, who act as change agents and not only want to, but are able to bring about change in economy and society as such (Caldwell, 2003; Hesselbarth and Schaltegger, 2014).
Entrepreneurs who are able to manage and participate in value-creating processes can play a pivotal role and act as these change agents. As sustainable entrepreneurs they innovate, take advantage of opportunities and create an additional value. Entrepreneurial activities can bring change by introducing new and more sustainable business models and ultimately allow for transformations towards the sustainability of markets and society (Schaltegger and Wagner, 2011). Sustainable entrepreneurs aim not just to reduce the negative environmental and social impacts of their organisations, but also to create positive contributions to sustainable development (Hockerts and Wüstenhagen, 2010).
To do so, entrepreneurs will need a set of specific abilities that encompass motivation, skill and experience, which make it possible to be entrepreneurial (Moberg et al., 2014: 14–20). While there is a general agreement on the need for such competencies, little is known about what these specific competencies are and how they can be developed (Frese and Gielnik, 2014). With this article we address that gap and investigate the specifics of competencies for sustainable entrepreneurs. Sustainable entrepreneurs act as sustainability experts and entrepreneurs, so the competence framework for sustainability experts developed by Wiek et al. is used and analysed. On the one hand, the concept of key competencies for sustainability (Wiek et al., 2011b: 6–8) is joined with insights into general entrepreneurial competencies. On the other hand, we draw on feedback from entrepreneurial practitioners to capture their insights as experts of sustainable entrepreneurship.
Specific change agent skills might be acquired via specific teaching formats (Svanström et al., 2008: 346). Such skills related to sustainability can be defined as the power to collectively analyse complex systems within different spheres (i.e. society, environment or economy). These can be analysed from a local to global scale and taking cascading effects, passivity, feedback loops and other systemic features into account (Wiek et al., 2011a: 207). Teaching formats have successfully educated students in those competencies including their real-world application, but their use and relevance in professional careers has not been analysed yet. This causes the need for deeper and more specific analysis of key competencies for sustainability depending on specific professional roles to prove their effectiveness (Wiek et al., 2011a: 204).
This work aims to examine which key competencies sustainable entrepreneurs need to find long-term solutions as change agents for sustainability. This research will be conducted in two main steps. First, a literature review regarding the overall concept of key competencies for sustainability, including their development and specific definitions for all six key competencies, will be conducted. This classification will be used in the second step by an analysis of the specific target group of sustainable entrepreneurs based on qualitative interviews.
Key competencies for sustainable entrepreneurs
Sustainable entrepreneurs as change agents
The model of entrepreneurship as 'the process of doing something new and something different for the purpose of creating wealth for the individual and adding value to society' (Kao, 1993: 69) can be defined in three parts. Entrepreneurship is the process of making changes, doing something more effectively than others, and identifying opportunities beyond the resources that are currently under control (Kao, 1993: 69). Sustainable entrepreneurship can be described as a form of creating economic and societal value by using innovative, market-oriented and personality driven approaches to achieve a 'break-through [for] environmentally or socially beneficial market[s]' (Schaltegger and Wagner, 2011: 226). In addition to these positive benefits, discovering and developing economic opportunities might also initiate and support the 'transformation of a sector towards an environmentally and socially more sustainable state' (Hockerts and Wüstenhagen, 2010: 482). Within the scope of this article, sustainable entrepreneurs are defined as individuals who act as chief executive officers and/or founders of their own sustainability-oriented organisation and foster the process of sustainable entrepreneurship. It is important to acknowledge the role of being an entrepreneur within the hierarchy of a larger organisation which may require an adjustment to the competencies for that setting. More insights on the required competencies are necessary as '(start-up) businesses are in need […] to address sustainability challenges' (Ploum et al., 2017: 2).
The role of change agents in organisations has raised enormous interest over the last two decades (Caldwell, 2003: 131). Established out of the economic discipline of management, a change agent can be considered as an 'internal and external individual […] responsible for initiating, sponsoring, directing, managing or implementing a specific change initiative, project or complete change programme' (Caldwell, 2003: 139–40). Individuals who act as change agents can be characterised as driving forces in an organisation's change process and have the leadership to convince and motivate others to leave established pathways and inspire their employees (Hesselbarth and Schaltegger, 2014: 26).
One specific form of change agents is 'change agents for sustainability' (Hesselbarth and Schaltegger, 2014: 24). It describes people who work on social and ecological problems with entrepreneurial tools. The goal is to contribute towards a sustainable transformation of the whole of society through implementing sustainability management as common practice in organisations. These individuals can either be decision makers in a company or people who promote changes out of their position in a lower hierarchy level. They might also have no specific role related to sustainable development (Hesselbarth and Schaltegger, 2014: 26).
The concept of key competencies
The concept of key competencies is increasingly popular and witnesses a general turn from an input to an output orientation in teaching and learning (Hartig et al., 2007: 3–4). Gnahs describes competence as, 'a potential of knowledge and skills that enables to act appropriately' (Gnahs, 2011:18–19). What makes this competency approach so special is that it does not focus on a specific situation or task, but presumes that it consists of a set of abilities to deal with various complex demands. For this, the interplay of internal structures such as cognitive, emotional and motivational dispositions is necessary. Weinert (2001) explains skills in more detail, based on the original competence definition of Gnahs. He refers in particular to 'intellectual abilities, content-specific knowledge, cognitive skills, domain-specific strategies, routines and subroutines, motivational tendencies, volitional control systems, personal value orientations, and social behaviours'.
The focus on competencies to successfully master the many challenges of an increasingly complex world acknowledges the mediating role of attitudes and motivational aspects in addition to knowledge, and emphasises the autonomous learner's abilities rather than a specific behaviour as a learning outcome. The term key competencies represents a qualitative extension that highlights the significance of certain competencies. Key competencies are relevant across different spheres of life and for all individuals (Rychen and Salganik, 2003: 54). They do not replace, but rather comprise domain-specific competencies, which are necessary for successful action in certain situations and contexts.
Key competencies for sustainability and entrepreneurship
In the literature on sustainability-related competencies, a number of approaches offer frameworks that define such learning objectives. They share the goal of enabling people not just to acquire and generate knowledge, but also to reflect on further effects and the complexity of behaviour and decisions in a future-oriented, global perspective of responsibility (Barth, 2015).
In a systematic review, Wiek et al. (2011b) identify five competencies for sustainability based on a broad literature review: systems-thinking competence; anticipatory competence or future thinking; normative competence or value thinking; strategic competence; and interpersonal competence. Together they form a sixth, integrative, competence, the problem-solving competence. The systems-thinking competence supports the understanding of a complex problem constellation. The central ability is 'to collectively analyze complex systems across different domains (society, environment, economy, etc.) and across different scales (local to global)' (Wiek et al., 2011a: 207). This competence is a central competence for future sustainable entrepreneurs. The systematic understanding of change processes is continuously ongoing. Furthermore, it also has a high relevance to some sustainable entrepreneurs, leading and establishing their company in its complex structure. The anticipatory competence reinforces the anticipation of the effects of sustainability problems and consideration of alternative future scenarios with or without intervention. It is the capability to 'analyze, evaluate, and craft rich "pictures" of the future' (Wiek et al., 2011a: 207–09). The normative competence guides the selection of a more desirable sustainable future (Wiek et al., 2011a: 209). Necessary skills are to specify, compare, apply, reconcile and negotiate sustainability values, principles, goals and targets.
The strategic competence is used to develop a strategy working towards the chosen future. Hence, 'the ability to collectively design and implement interventions, transitions, and transformative governance strategies' (Wiek et al., 2011a: 210) is crucial to develop such strategic thinking. These new future strategies require a change of perspectives to transfer the new visions into action (Hesselbarth and Schaltegger, 2014: 26). This is important as understanding 'what must be done, why, when, how, and by whom' (Ford and Ford, 1995: 557) is crucial to the success of a change process. Entrepreneurs, as the most influential individuals in a business, act largely as decision makers (Westhead et al., 2005: 395). Interactions with various stakeholders require an interpersonal competence to handle relations between people (Wiek et al., 2011a: 206). Required abilities are expertise in project management, communication skills, collaboration, leadership, cultural understanding and empathy (Wiek et al., 2011a: 211). Going beyond that, the potential of using human capital from the entrepreneur as well as initiating this potential in others is one precondition for successful entrepreneurship (Westhead et al., 2005: 397). Along these lines, Ford and Ford consider 'change as a communication-based and communication-driven phenomenon' (Ford and Ford, 1995: 541) where motivation is a crucial factor of success (McMullen and Shepherd, 2006: 138). Furthermore the ability to create and maintain network figures prominently, as social networks may lead to a higher business success (Frese and Gielnik, 2014: 426; Svanström et al., 2008: 348). A potential that entrepreneurship has is the huge market impact by the formation of new companies which is an already widespread concept (McMullen and Shepherd, 2006: 132; Shane and Venkataraman, 2000: 223).
The integrated problem-solving competence enables individuals to apply different frameworks to complex sustainability problems and developing practical solution options. Thus, it includes conducting integrated problem analysis, sustainability assessments and visioning as well as strategy building (Wiek et al., 2011a: 205). Key competencies for sustainability build upon general skills and knowledge (Wiek et al., 2011a: 214). Entrepreneurial competencies for the entrepreneurship process mentioned above are related to the role of being an entrepreneur and can cover divergent thinking, active information search, business opportunity identification and innovativeness of product/service innovations (Frese and Gielnik, 2014: 417–18).
Empirical design
The question of which competencies are relevant for the professional role of sustainable entrepreneurs acting as change agents guides this research. To identify these competencies and their perceived importance and practical relevance, semi-structured qualitative expert interviews were carried out. As the research field is partially unknown, existing sources are used to structure the field, concretise the research questions and identify the first experts (Wassermann, 2015: 55).The interviews were analysed in a procedural model by using qualitative content analysis based on Mayring (2014: 39).
Interviewees were selected with a maximum of variation in potential perceptions and answers. The theoretical sampling was used to select ten appropriate interviewees, explained in detail by our colleagues Hesselbarth and Schaltegger, to identify different interview partners (Glaser and Strauss, 2010: 61–91; Hesselbarth and Schaltegger, 2014). The two criteria for selection were the field of companies' business activities and the interviewees' experience in the business sector (see Figure 1).
Figure 1: Matrix for theoretical sampling of sustainable entrepreneurs.
Business experience is a relevant criterion to differentiate entrepreneurs whereas the industrial sector in which they operate might influence the activities of the entrepreneurs and thereby the required competencies (Westhead et al., 2005: 396). The measurement is the experience in entrepreneurial activities in years, where up to five years' experience is considered a start-up and experience of more than five years is considered an established company (Ucbasaran et al., 2008: 164; Westhead et al., 2005: 412). The focus of this work is on the individual as an entrepreneur and their individual experience, therefore a distinction by years of experience is appropriate as it considers different types of entrepreneurs in the same manner. The age of a venture in years is not applicable for competency evaluation, as their development does not relate directly to entrepreneur's development (Westhead et al., 2005: 394).
Sustainable entrepreneurs can address both environmental and social advantages. Sub-types of sustainable entrepreneurs acting with a specific focus are ecopreneurs and social entrepreneurs. While ecopreneurs aim to solve environmental problems and create economic value, social entrepreneurs intend to solve societal problems and create value for the society (Schaltegger and Wagner, 2011: 224).
The final sampling includes ten experts from various backgrounds, including seven established entrepreneurs (three social entrepreneurs and four ecopreneurs) and three start-up entrepreneurs (one social entrepreneur and two ecopreneurs). The age distribution covers one expert between 21 to 30 years, three interviewees between 31 to 40 years and six experts between 51 and 60 years old. The gender distribution is 30% female and 70% male participants.
The interview focuses on the specific role of sustainable entrepreneurs. A pilot of the interview questions was carried out to verify their functionality and that it would gain results in the appropriate manner (Bogner et al., 2014: 34). Interviews were conducted in January 2017 with an average duration of 30 minutes. Experts were not given the descriptions for the competencies provided.
The questionnaire is structured in four thematic blocks with main questions where each block deals with a central question and leads over to the following one (Bogner et al., 2014: 28). The guideline starts with an introduction block consisting out of two questions regarding the current business and the primary responsibilities. The next section addresses activities and own contributions of each entrepreneur. The main questions here are 'Currently, how do you see your business contributing to sustainability? What are the primary goals of your business activities?'. Accompanied by four sub-questions such as 'What activities did (or do) implement in order to achieve the outcomes?' the aim is to receive an overview of different contexts and roles the interviewee acts in. The third block addresses skills and knowledge and thereby the awareness of competencies and has three main questions. The last section addresses future projections regarding entrepreneurship and its potential in contributing towards transformational sustainability. The enquiry includes questioning skills and knowledge that a successful entrepreneur needs today as well as in future.
To code the data, a prior defined code book was used to guide the interpretation of the interviews (Mayring, 2014: 97). Its creation followed a three-step process of first defining nominal categories, then anchoring examples, and finally formulating coding rules (see Table 1 for an example). Categories were based on key competencies for sustainability (Wiek et al., 2011b: 6–8), entrepreneurial competencies and other competencies of relevance such as critical thinking and basic communication skills. Newly emerging concepts were integrated as In-Vivo Codes.
Example of results
Anticipatory competence or future thinking
Exploring different future pathways and solution visions
Applying scenario methodology and forecasting from statistical and simulation models
Back casting and envisioning methods
Anticipatory multi-methodologies as well as participatory anticipatory approaches
'Adaptability'
'You also need flexibility'
Entrepreneurial competencies/business competencies
Divergent thinking, active information search, business opportunity identification and innovativeness of product/service innovations
Other business and entrepreneurship related competencies
'Observation of the market'
'Creativity, tenacity and resilience'
'Recognising opportunities'
Table 1: Examples for coding
A deductive code system was derived during the analysis of the interview transcript. The generated results were then compared with regard to the frequency of occurrence and the specific descriptions related to the key competencies for sustainability.
Data from the interviews confirms and expands the relevance of the three competence areas: (1) key competencies for sustainability, (2) entrepreneurial competencies, and (3) general competencies. It also shows a twofold role of entrepreneurial activities: on the one hand there is a specific context in which key competencies for sustainability are perceived and utilised, and on the other hand they form a distinct area of competencies that are specifically addressed through sustainable entrepreneurs.
Analysis of key competencies for sustainability
Across all ten interviews key competencies for sustainability are addressed 82 times, entrepreneurial competencies have 49 related items, and the regular competencies are characterised by 31 items. Thereby the identified key competencies are not just mentioned for themselves, but in connection with complementing entrepreneurial and regular competencies. This leads to an area of conflict between key competencies as broad and transferable skills and very specific application of these competencies. The following paragraphs provide a short description of the specific application and context in which each key competence for sustainability is described. Figure 2 shows the number of identified items for each competence. Results fit the selected categories as all competencies have several items. These numbers provide some information, but the focus is on the content and relation to entrepreneurial competencies. The most prominent are normative and strategic competence, followed by the interpersonal competence.
Figure 2: Number of identified items within key competencies for sustainability.
There is a high awareness of anticipatory competence which was directly referred to by the interviewees as 'adaptability' (ID#01, par. 44) or 'you also need flexibility' (ID#04, par. 30). One ecopreneur explains that he has already taken existing companies into account to develop his own sustainable business (ID#02, par. 28). Anticipatory competence is not only relevant to identify the companies' values in the beginning, it becomes more important in the 'conception of projects to construct them in a way that they meet the requirements' (ID#03, par. 10).
Items for value thinking are related to the values, beliefs, goals and criteria for activities of the organisations. One entrepreneur stated, 'I think it's simply about other values' (ID#09, par. 38) when addressing important factors of successful sustainable entrepreneurship. Addressing the system level via a normative approach, another expert explained that 'we need to rethink completely. Today, companies are no longer capital-oriented, but socially or publicly oriented' (ID#02, par. 40). It is essential to 'keep both feet firmly on the ground' (ID#03, par. 20) when acting in the field of sustainability. Normative competence and its relevance were expressed as 'the overall goal to make the world a little better place in every little detail' (ID#07, par. 10).
Regarding the strategic competence, one expert described that he 'developed future strategies' (ID#10, par. 6) as part of his function as leader in the company. Another entrepreneur described her duties as being responsible 'for the development of the programs in the organisation; so how and where to is it going' (ID#04, par. 6) as she builds up new opportunities to introduce her customers to a more sustainable lifestyle. When it comes to implementing such change, decision making has a high relevance for entrepreneurial actions. The main step is to 'put projects into practice' (ID#09, par.16). Crucial actions within strategic competence are to perform well in decision making (including ongoing evaluation of actions) (ID#03, par. 8), a precise deliberation on your own perception (ID#06, par. 28) and moving from a niche to trendsetter and increase the overall societal impact (ID#04, par. 14).
Related to human resources, interpersonal competence was mentioned as 'enthusiasm among employees' (ID#02, par. 10). It was described as 'the empathy in another person or partners and willingness/motivation to discover their interests' (ID#03, par. 14), which is an important personal skill to develop a competence regarding interactions with others. The relevance of successful exchange in networks and alliances was explained by the 'exchange with different stakeholders' (ID#03, par. 20) has a high impact on goal setting. To be successful in these relationships with other people, being authentic was mentioned as key issue. Overall it was described that acting 'as a motivator' (ID#10, par. 27) and to actively 'build-up networks' (ID#07, par. 28) can lead people to 'emerge from society and act as a stimulus' (ID#10, par. 27) to facilitate sustainability problem solving.
An interviewee addressed the integrated problem-solving competence as 'self-evident initiatives, recognising problems, seeing solutions and applying and adapting them' (ID#01, par. 42). The integrative competence could also be identified in mentioned activities. For example, the founder of a consulting agency figured out 'when we often come and bring the issue of sustainability, everyone else thinks think we just cost money. This is true, but we are also showing how money can be saved through many measures' (ID#09, par. 8). He presented how it is possible to develop practical solution options for acting against prejudices of his customers to implement sustainability in their business activities.
Analysis of entrepreneurial competencies/business competencies
Overall, entrepreneurial competencies are described as being equally as relevant as key competencies for sustainability. There are 49 items describing the different entrepreneurial competencies.
In employee interaction, 'human resources management' (ID#06, par. 6 and ID#08, par. 18) was described by several interviewees as crucial task for sustainable entrepreneurs. This role was also addressed by the required 'leadership competence' (ID#03, par. 22) which was supported by several statements in the interviews.
The opportunity identification was described quite often as 'recognising opportunities' (ID#06, par. 28) or to 'risk starting something new' (ID#04, par. 23). An entrepreneur saw the core of being successful in the differentiation in opportunity identification, 'if one wants to be entrepreneurially successful, then one shall behave different than the majority of the population' (ID#06, par. 28). Another expert supported this approach with the goal to 'develop creative solutions' (ID#09, par. 16).
The 'analysis of the market and the link to the company goal' (ID#02, par. 16) was mentioned as a fundamental success factor by the interviewed expert. The role of taking entrepreneurial action includes giving 'impulses and ideas on how we present ourselves on the market' (ID#06, par. 8).
Marketing and sales was described as having 'a bit of marketing expertise' (ID#07, par. 28). In addition another entrepreneur saw drawing 'process visualisation and user stories' (ID#10, par. 16) as an important part in creating the image of his firm.
Activities in finance were mentioned as important in some of the interviews as the goal of these is to make 'financial profit' (ID#04, par. 6) a reality. This is interpreted in various ways of execution, for example as 'potential financing, foundation, fundraising' (ID#01, par. 12).
Analysis of regular competencies
There are 31 items identified in the code of regular competencies. The most prominent content in all items is communication related competencies. Such a 'communication competence' (ID#03, par. 22) was directly mentioned and addressed by more than half of the entrepreneurs. On behalf of this interaction with other people it is important to have a 'flair for people, situations, and for needs' (ID#07, par. 28). Experts also addressed rhetorical expertise as important to their success. These are key skills when it comes 'to hold their own workshops or lectures as an expert also to be perceived professionally' (ID#01, par. 32). 'Willingness to learn' (ID#06, par. 28) adapting from experiences and the development of tacit knowledge were also described in the regular competency items. This is expressed as 'the principle of trial and error, learning from the results, reflecting if this is tested quasi-playfully' (ID#10, par. 30). Often, the regular competencies were mentioned in relation to key competencies supporting the application. Overall, including the regular competencies was useful to complement the description of the required competencies to act as change agents.
Discussion of results
It is the competence profile of successful sustainable entrepreneurs that brings together the two axes of key competencies for sustainability and entrepreneurial-specific competencies that are of importance for sustainable entrepreneurs as well. The two axes complement each other and form a specific competence profile, supported by regular competencies that describe sustainable entrepreneurs as highly relevant agents of change in the sustainability transformation.
The results clearly indicate that sustainable entrepreneurs represent a specific competence profile, going beyond key competencies for sustainability. This is characterised by the clearly identified competencies of relevance for sustainable entrepreneurs acting as change agents. A specific contextualisation elaborates this specific profile even more, e.g. in future thinking developing a transition strategy is supported by the principle of trial and error to create multiple scenarios, combining sustainability competencies with entrepreneurial tools. This competence profile can be described along these two axes.
First, sustainable entrepreneurs reconfirm the importance of key competencies for sustainability as they are specified by Wiek et al. (2011b). Data indicates not only the existence and importance of these competencies but also that entrepreneurial activities form a specific context in which these competencies come into play and need to be applied. For example, the need for flexibility and adaptability, essential for entrepreneurs, which can be connected to the anticipatory competence.
While the need for future thinking is confirmed for entrepreneurial activities in general as well, it is also contextualised in companies as adaptation based on other competitors and with regards to changing conditions in the environment of a company. Furthermore, dealing with future scenarios is a way to identify entrepreneurial opportunities beforehand as central part of action enabling change affecting the world (Frese and Gielnik, 2014: 417–18).
Strategic competence, which can be seen as a third example of how these sustainability key competencies are contextualised in entrepreneurial activities, plays an important role for sustainable entrepreneurs. This is also mentioned in the interviews as power to implement strategies and the duty to decide on essential issues. More detailed descriptions of the strategic changes to be achieved refer to the potential as the huge market impact of entrepreneurship by the formation of new companies.
The second axis that forms the specific competence profile of sustainable entrepreneurs is the addition of entrepreneurial-specific competencies that complement the sustainability-specific key competencies. Here six different areas are addressed: use of human capital; opportunity identification; market analysis; marketing and sales; finance; and networking and relationships. While there are several overlaps and strong links to key competencies for sustainability, we argue that these areas represent distinct competencies for entrepreneurial and business competencies that complement sustainability-related competencies. While it is part of the interpersonal competence to be able to interact with other and to convince other stakeholders both inside and outside of the area of entrepreneurial activities, there are specific competencies for entrepreneurs that go beyond that. Motivation as a crucial factor of success, as described by McMullen and Shepherd (2006), is also confirmed in this study as entrepreneurs describe the enthusiasm and motivation as key factors of their actions.
It must be kept in mind that the small sample size and the methodology used make this a qualitative, exploratory study. Therefore, additional research is required to confirm the findings and extend to a statistical significance.
In this study we investigated the perceived relevance of competencies to be a successful sustainable entrepreneur. Although the study is of explorative nature and the relatively small sample size by no means is exhaustive, it offers relevant insights in what competence profile enables the sustainable entrepreneur best to act as a change agent. Results can be linked to both the discourse about key competencies for sustainability and about entrepreneurial competencies. Furthermore, these sustainability competencies are complemented by general competencies of successful entrepreneurs. Thus, it is only if we understand the competencies of sustainable entrepreneurs as a combination of both key competencies for sustainability and entrepreneurial competencies that we fully capture their potential to become a change agent. This calls for an increasing relevance to include both competence sets as interrelated in future curricula design, not only in specific programs but also on a general level.
Following the development of these specific competencies needs a meaningful learning setting. This may be best characterised by insights of both sustainability education and entrepreneurial education. To fully support the specific competence profile of a sustainable entrepreneur we will also need tailored teaching and learning environments where the specific links between key competencies for sustainability and entrepreneurial competencies can be made and experienced. Thus, this will need contextualised learning to happen in which students can learn how to act as a sustainable entrepreneur and to contribute to change through entrepreneurial activities.
Our findings have a high importance for specific programs, such as the Global Sustainability Science program, a double degree master's program of Arizona State University and Leuphana University Lüneburg. Here we have created a new curriculum addressing the urgent need for highly qualified graduates being able to act as change agents for sustainability in different fields, including entrepreneurship. This work shows that an integrated interdisciplinary teaching approach addressing both entrepreneurial and sustainability-related competencies is the right way to go. How this can be best supported and rolled out to all kinds of programs and beyond higher education must be the focus of future studies.
[1] Bastian has a keen interest in global sustainability and entrepreneurship and innovation, achieving a BSc in International Business Administration & Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Sciences from Leuphana University of Lüneburg, as well as achieving his MSc in Global Sustainability Science from Leuphana University and Arizona State University. His expertise ranges from international business development via entrepreneurship & innovation to implementing sustainable solutions complemented by in-depth experience in project management, research and training as well as consultancy for early-stage businesses.
Being globally minded and dedicated to strategic thinking Bastian aims to utilize proven research, management and teamwork skills to advocate for and implement sustainability within organizations and beyond. Bastian looks forward to being challenged by new projects and aims to have a positive impact for business, stakeholders, our society and environment. Bastian's profile can be found at www.linkedin.com/in/bastianhagmaier
I would like to acknowledge that this work would not have been possible without the support of others. First of all, I would like to thank my supervisors Daniel Lang and Matthias Barth for their continuing support and time spent to support me in this project and enabling this opportunity.
The advice regarding my initial research approach and further details of Maike Buhr, Michael Gielnik, Jantje Halberstadt and Adalbert Pakura was a great experience for me and I highly appreciate all support you gave me.
Without the ten great sustainable entrepreneurs who supported this work with their knowledge and time for interviews, these results would be there. Thanks to each of you as it was not only gathering data but also a great pleasure to meet you all.
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To cite this paper please use the following details: Hagmaier, B. (2019), 'Sustainable Entrepreneurs as Change Agents: Relevant Key Competencies for Sustainability', Reinvention: an International Journal of Undergraduate Research, Volume 12, Issue 1, https://reinventionjournal.org/article/view/431/389. Date accessed [insert date]. If you cite this article or use it in any teaching or other related activities please let us know by e-mailing us at Reinventionjournal@warwick.ac.uk.


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Justin Laffan
"I like to think that my work is a direct, to the point, fast study of 3D form, with the understanding of materials as part of the narrative."
Justin LaffaninsightB2018-11-23T16:03:54+00:00
Justin Laffan, born1952, son of George Laffan sculptor and art dealer. He was exposed to art from an early age and went to the National Collage of Art in the early 1970s. Justin worked in the Dublin Art Foundry casting bronze with John Behan.
Justin went to California in the mid 70s and worked with a conceptual art group, where he soon realized that ideas were not all important and that that the material must speak as well. On his return he helped promote a revival of stone carving in Ireland, with the Independent Artists sculpture group.
Justin Laffan grew up in a world of art; his father George was a sculptor, and an art dealer. He has a great understanding of materials and how to use them. His skills extend beyond sculpture; he is an accomplished art conservator and restorer. His work is also in great demand from interior designers.
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