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Performance of Two Potato Cultivars Derived from In-vitro Plantlets, Mini-tubers and Stem Cuttings Using Aeroponics Technique
Jane Muthoni1 , M. Mbiyu2 , C. Lungaho2 , S. Otieno2 , P. Pwaipwai2
1 Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Genetic Resources Research Institute, P. O. Box 781 00902, Kikuyu, Kenya
2 Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Horticulture Research Institute (KALRO)-Tigoni, P.O Box 338 00217, Limuru, Kenya
Author Correspondence author
International Journal of Horticulture, 2017, Vol. 7, No. 27 doi: 10.5376/ijh.2017.07.0027
Received: 15&nbspSep., 2017 Accepted: 30&nbspSep., 2017 Published: 03&nbspNov., 2017
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Preferred citation for this article:
Muthoni J., Mbiyu M., Lung'aho C., Otieno S., and Pwaipwai P., 2017, Performance of two potato cultivars derived from in-vitro plantlets, mini-tubers and stem cuttings using aeroponics technique, International Journal of Horticulture, 7(27): 246-249 (doi: 10.5376/ijh.2017.07.0027)
An experiment was conducted at KALRO-Tigoni to assess the effect of starter plant material (in-vitro plantlets, stem cuttings and minitubers) on minituber production of two potato cultivars Asante and Tigoni under aeroponic conditions. The experiment was set up in the aeroponic unit at KALRO-Tigoni in randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times. Data were collected at each harvest on the number of minitubers produced per plant; the minitubers were later graded into three weights (0.1-5g, 5.1-12g, >12g). Cultivar Tigoni produced a higher total number of minitubers (49.96) and (52.67) compared to Asante which produced (39.63) and (46.39) minitubers in season one and two respectively. Additionally, in-vitro propagation materials gave the highest number of minitubers (56.44 and 62.94) compared to stem cuttings (43.53 and 51.44) and minitubers (34.42 and 34.19) during the two seasons respectively. The results of this study suggest that the starter materials have a significant effect on the number of potato minitubers produced under the aeroponic system regardless of the potato cultivar. Use of in-vitro plantlets as starter material optimizes minituber production in the aeroponic system. However, the study should be repeated so as to come up with concrete results.
Aeroponics Asante; Potato minitubers; Starter material; Tigoni
In Kenya potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the second most important staple crop after maize and plays a major role in national food and nutritional security (Janssen et al., 2013). Potato is grown by about 800,000 farmers cultivating about 161, 000 hectares per season with an annual production of about 3 million tonnes in two growing seasons (GTZ-PSDA, 2011; MoALF, 2016). The annual potato crop is valued at KSh. 50 billion (USD 500 million) at farm gate prices (GTZ-PSDA, 2011; MoALF, 2016). Beyond the farm, the industry employs about 3.3 million people as market agents, transporters, processors, vendors and exporters (ANN, 2009; MoALF, 2016). In addition potato is a vital source of calories, proteins, vitamins, potassium and fiber.
Most potato producers are small scale famers; it is estimated that 90% of them own less than 1 ha (Janssen et al., 2013). Most of these farmers depend on rainfall to produce their crops. Yields are low [4.4 to 10 t ha-1 with an average of 7.7 t ha-1 (MoA, 2008; Muthoni et al., 2010; Janssen et al., 2013)]. Low yields are mainly due to use of poor quality seed potato, low soil fertility, low and erratic rainfall, pests and diseases (Janssen et al., 2013). Certified seed potato is expensive (about US$ 30 for a 50 kg bag) yet one requires 16 such bags to plant one acre. In addition, certified seeds are scarce; certified seed potato producers supply less than 5% of the national demand. Consequently, most farmers plant seed tubers from informal sources such as own harvests, neighbours and local markets with own harvests being the major source of seed for most farmers. Continuous cultivation of these farm-saved seeds encourages buildup of diseases such as bacterial wilt and viruses.
Production of disease-free potato seed tubers starts with tissue culture using meristem tip culture (KARI, 2007). The in-vitro plantlets produced are then multiplied 3 to 4 times in the laboratory using nodal cuttings. Later, they are transferred into seedling trays containing sand substrate for hardening and further growth. They are then transplanted into the aeroponic boxes or soil-filled pots for production of minitubers (generation 0) (Muthoni et al., 2011). The minitubers are then multiplied in the field for three generations to produce basic seeds. The three generations (1, 2 and 3) are meant to increase the amount and size of seeds. The basic seeds are distributed to certified seed producers who produce certified seeds; the certified seeds are then sold to farmers for production of ware potatoes (KARI, 2007). At KALRO-Tigoni, there is low efficiency in basic seed potato production. This is mainly because minitubers are produced using the soil-filled pots; the technique has a low multiplication rate (6 to 8 tubers /plant) unlike aeroponics which can give 50 to 100 tubers per plant (Otazu, 2010; Muthoni et al., 2011). To counter this problem, an aeroponic unit was set up at KALRO-Tigoni in 2008 by the international potato centre (CIP) to enhance minituber production.
In addition to in vitro plantlets, minitubers can also be produced from stem cuttings as well as from minitubers. Stem cuttings can be made on plantlets in the seedling trays so as to increase the number of plants without incurring tissue culture costs. Stem cutting propagation is among the most productive and highly efficient low cost potato multiplication procedures. Using stem cuttings, a single plantlet can yield up to 100,000 progenies in 6 months (Ngaruiya et al., 2013).
In light of foregoing, a study was carried out to assess minituber production from three different starter planting materials (in-vitro, mini-tubers and stem cutting) of two potato varieties under aeroponic conditions.
The experiment was conducted for two successive growing periods (season one: July to December 2010 and season two: January to May 2011) at KALRO-Tigoni. The experiment was set up as a factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Factor one was the starter material i.e. in-vitro plantlets, mini-tubers and stem cutting) while factor two was the potato cultivar i.e. Asante and Tigoni. Each aeroponic growth chamber represented a replicate consisting of six treatments combinations. Each treatment consisted of thirty transplants at a spacing of 20 cm x 20 cm.
Plantlets originating from tissue culture (in vitro plantlets), stem cuttings and minitubers were planted in the aeroponic growth chamber. Each sub-plot consisted of 30 transplants at a spacing of 20 cm x 20 cm.
2.1 Preparation of planting materials
1. In-vitro plantlets: Nodal cuttings (one cm) of the two cultivars (Tigoni and Asante) were cut from preceding generation of in-vitro plantlets and cultured in Kilner jars containing 100ml Murashige and Skoog (1962) media supplemented with glycine 0. 2 g/L, nicotinic acid 0.05 g/L, pyridoxine 0.05 g/L, inositol 10 g/L thiamine 0.01 g/L, gibberellic acid 0.001 g/L, and sucrose 30 g/L. The cultures were then incubated for three weeks in the growth room maintained at 20 ± 2°C and a 16-hr photoperiod having light intensity of 3,000 lux. The plantlets were then transplanted into crates filled with steam-sterilized sand under greenhouse conditions for two weeks.
2. Stem cuttings: In-vitro plantlets of the two potato cultivars (Tigoni and Asante) were raised in crates filled with steam-sterilized sand for 10 days in a greenhouse. The growing points were nipped to allow the development of lateral shoots. When the lateral shoots attained a length of 6-10 cm, they were cut (using a sterile surgical blade). The cut ends were dipped into a rooting hormone (Roothom H (0.6%) Indolebutyric acid) and then planted in crates filled with steam sterilized sand for two weeks.
3. Minitubers: Minitubers (3 g each) harvested from soil-filled pots were sown in crates filled with steam-sterilized sand at a depth of two cm. The crates were kept in a greenhouse for two weeks.
Nutrient solution containing 2.2 gms KNO3, 1.4 gms NH4NO3, 0.8 gms Ca superphosphate, 0.8 gms MgSO4, 0.036 gms Fe(EDTA) 6% and 0.048 gms Micro (Fetrilon) at a pH of 6.5 was applied to the plants for the duration they were in the crates. The plants were then transplanted into the aeroponic boxes after attaining a height of 10-15 cm.
2.2 Aeroponic growth chamber
Three aeroponic growth chambers each measuring 600 cm long x 130 cm wide x 85 cm deep were used. Each chamber accommodated 180 plants at a spacing of 20 cm and represented a single replicate. The growth chambers were setup inside a screen house measuring 30 m x 6 m and the roof was made of clear asbestos sheets covered with a shade net on top to regulate the amount of sunlight entering and to lower the temperatures.
2.3 Data collection and analysis
Fifty two days after transplanting starter plant materials in the growth chambers, the first batch of minitubers were harvested, subsequent harvests were done at 14 days interval and continued until 180 days after transplanting making a total of 10 harvests. At each harvest, data were taken from the six middle plants in each treatment. The minitubers were sorted and graded into three weights (0-5 g, 6-12 g, >12 g). Data from all the 10 harvests were averaged before analysis. Data on the numbers of minitubers were subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Genstat statistical package 14th edition (Payne et al., 2011). Comparisons between treatments were made using Fisher's protected Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 5 % level of significance.
In each season, interaction between the starter materials and cultivars were not significant (P≤0.05), therefore cultivars and starter materials main effects were discussed separately. Generally, cultivar Tigoni produced significantly (P≤0.05) more minitubers than Asante in both seasons (Table 1), the difference was more pronounced among the small-sized tubers.
Table 1 The mean number of minitubers per plant for potato cultivars Tigoni and Asante
Note: Minituber weight (g): weight I = 0.1-5 g, weight II = 5.1-12 g, weight III = 12 g˂. Within a column, numbers followed by different letters are significantly different at P≤0.05
The three starter materials differed significantly (P≤0.05) in their effect on the number of minitubers produced under aeroponic conditions (Table 2). Among the three starter materials evaluated, in-vitro plantlets produced the highest total number of minitubers per plant for all weights in both seasons (Table 2).
Table 2 The mean number of minitubers for the three starter materials (in vitro plantlets, stem cuttings and minitubers)
4 Discussion Conclusion and Recommendation
From the results Tigoni produced more minitubers per plant than cultivar Asante. This could have been due to a longer growing period of Tigoni compared to Asante under aeroponic conditions. Tigoni is late maturing while Asante is early maturing. Generally, there were more small-sized minitubers than larger ones (Table 1 and Table 2). This could have been due to the short harvesting interval; maybe a longer interval would have yielded different results. Use of In-vitro plantlets as starter material resulted in production of more minitubers per plant than use of minitubers or stem cuttings. This result corroborates with the findings of Bandoni and Chauhan (2010). The results of this study support the view that in-vitro plantlet starter materials are appropriate for optimizing minituber production under aeroponic conditions. However, the experiment needs to be repeated especially with different potato cultivars so as to come up with useful recommendations.
The authors acknowledge and express their gratitude to the former Centre Director, KARI Tigoni for funding and allowing the undertaking of this experiment.
Badoni A., and Chauhan J.S., 2010, Conventional vis –a-vis Biotechnological methods of potato: A review, Stem Cell, 1: 1-6
Farran I.M.C., and Angel M., 2006, Potato minituber production using aeroponics: Effects of density and harvest intervals, American Journal of Potato Research, 831: 47-53
GIZ-PSDA, 2011, Potato value chain improving the livelihood of Kenyan farmers by growing profits, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) and Promotion of Private Sector Development in Agriculture (PSDA), Nairobi, Kenya
Janssens S.R.M., Wiersema S.G., Goos H., and Wiersma W., 2013, The value chain for seed and ware potatoes in Kenya; Opportunities for development, Wageningen University and Reearch Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Jonny E.S.P., Carlos A.B.M., Gerson R.L.F., and Arione S.P., 2009, Production of pre-basic potato seed by polyvinyl Chloride PVC-articulate gutters hydroponic system, Brazilian Archiology Technology, 52: 5
Kang J.G., Kim S.Y., Om Y.H., and Kim J.K., 1996, Growth and tuberization of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars in aeroponics, deep flow technique and nutrient film technique culture films, Journal of Korean Society Horticultural Science, 37: 24-27
Kim H.S., Lee E.M., Lee M.A., Woo I.S., Moon C.S., Lee Y.B., and Kim S.Y., 1999, Production of high quality potato plantlets by autotrophic culture for aeroponic systems. Journal of Korean Society Horticultural Science 123: 330- 333
Lung'aho C., M'makwa C., and Kidanemariam H.M., 1997, Effect of source of mother plant, variety and growing conditions on the production of stem cuttings and subsequent yield of mini-tubers in the Kenyan potato programme, In. Proceedings of the 4th Triennial Congress of the African Potato Association, 23-28 February, 1997: (275-277) Pretoria, South Africa. African Potato Association, Kampala, Uganda
MoALF, 2016, The National Potato Strategy, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries (MoALF), Nairobi, Kenya
MoA, 2008, National policy on potato industry, Policy reforms to revitalize the potato industry, Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), Nairobi, Kenya
MoA, 2005, National policy on potato industry: Policy and reforms in the industry to improve production, research, marketing and regulatory framework, Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), Nairobi, Kenya
Murashige T., and Skoog F.,1962, A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures, Physiologia Plantarum 15: 473-497
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Muthoni J., Mbiyu M.W., and Nyamongo D.O., 2010, A review of potato seed systems and germplasm conservation in Kenya, Journal of Agricultural and food information, 11: 157-167
Muthoni J., and Nyamongo D.O., 2009, A Review of constraints to ware Irish potatoes production in Kenya, Journal of Horticulture and Forestry, 1: 98—102
Muthoni J., Mbiyu M., and Kabira J. N., 2011, Up-scaling production of certified potato seed tubers in Kenya: Potential of aeroponics technology, Journal of Horticulture and Forestry, 3: 238-243
Ngaruiya J., Muthoni J., Nyongesa M., Lung'aho C., Wanjiku M., Otieno S., Onditi J., and Kabira J., 2013, Production of minitubers using stem cuttings in low and high light intensity greenhouse, Paper presented at the 9th African Potato Association Triennial Conference, Naivasha, Kenya, 30th June—4th July 2013
Nugaliyadde M.M., De Silva H.D.M., Perera R., Ariyaratna D., and Sangakkara U.R., 2005, An aeroponic system for the production of pre-basic seed potato, Annals of the Sri Lanka Department of Agriculture, 7: 199-288
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I am a photographer, filmmaker, multimedia producer and educator specialising in socially focused documentary and visual journalism projects. My work is largely concerned with identity and belonging in a contemporary setting, with more specific projects focusing on masculinity, ethnicity, language, modernisation and community.
I have a wide and varied skills base encompassing photography, video, infographics, text and audio reportage. I am a graduate with distinction of the MA programme in International Multimedia Journalism at Beijing Foreign Studies University.
I am available for commissions and educational workshops internationally and maintain a current base in Beijing, China.


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A History of the GREENVILLE CHORALE
Greenville's Choral Music History
Our Conductor
Herring Chamber Ensemble
Herring Chamber Ensemble Bios
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Herring Chamber Ensemble Repertoire History
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61st Season – 2022-2023
The Chorale opens the season with SONG…
Christmas with the Chorale – The Chorale Sings of Glory
The Herring Chamber Ensemble sings of Love
The Greenville Chorale & Greenville Symphony Celebrate Music and Resurrection
17th Annual Lakeside Patriotic Concert
A Message from Maestro Vick
Concert History
Concert History Highlights
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The Greenville Chorale, founded in 1961 and supported by the Greenville Rotary Club as a community service project, has just celebrated its 60th Anniversary Season. Under the leadership of Bingham Vick, Jr., artistic director and conductor since 1981, the Chorale has a well-deserved reputation as one of the Southeast's finest community choral organizations. Before the Greenville Chorale, there was the "Bach Choir of Greenville."
Bach Choir of Greenville
In 1937, Dr. Merrills Lewis, professor of organ and theory at Furman University, organized the Bach Choir with "interested members of the Furman University Music Faculty" according to early records. The purpose of the choir was "the bringing together singers, in Greenville and surrounding territory, who wished to learn and perform the great choral music of the masters." The singers for this choral ensemble were drawn from Greenville's church choirs, local colleges and Donaldson Air Force Base. "The only requirement for membership is the love for singing." The annual performance schedule featured Christmas and Spring concerts. The early members included twelve sopranos, twelve altos, six tenors and six basses.
The Bach Choir was disbanded in 1948 when Dr. Lewis moved away from Greenville. In 1951 the ensemble was reorganized under the direction of Frank Marynell, III. In 1953, the Choir was led by William H. Thomas, head of the music department at Holmes Bible College and principal violinist and assistant conductor of the Greenville Symphony. By 1956, the membership of the ensemble had grown to fifty singers.
The Bach Choir performed concerts at area churches and special events. Buncombe Street Methodist Church provided rehearsal space. Their concert programs included a variety of great choral classics by Brahms, Bach, Mendelssohn, Schubert, Bruckner, Randall Thompson, Vaughan Williams, and others, as well as madrigal selections. Their concert repertoire included the Bach Christmas Oratorio (1954), the Fauré Requiem (1952), Heinrich Schütz Seven Last Words of Christ, excerpts from Handel's Messiah, and other examples of great choral classics.
In 1946, they performed Mendelssohn's oratorio Elijah with the choir of First Baptist Church, Spartanburg; in 1948 the Bach Choir and the Greenville High School Chorus performed Haydn's The Creation; in 1956, the Bach Choir and Greenville Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Pedro San Juan, director of the GSO, performed the Mozart Requiem as a part of the Mozart Festival sponsored by Furman University.
The expenses for the Bach Choir were covered by small dues from the members and donations from the public.
The 20th Anniversary Concert was at Greenville High School on February 17, 1958. The Bach Choir was joined by members of the Greenville Symphony Orchestra, Peter Rickett, conductor. The program included Schubert's Mass in G Major. There is little information available after 1958.
~ Note: from scrapbook records B.Vick May 3, 2022
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Halfway Haus presents ArtHaus 3.0: Nineteen Ninety-Fierce (The 90's)!
Category is: Nineteen Ninety-Fierce (The 90's)!
Put down your Nokia phone & quit messing with your Tamagotchi — this month, we're rewinding back to the 1990's for a throwback to a decade that gave us floppy disks, 90210, and the hairstyle simply referred to as "The Rachel"! Which competing haus will move to the 2nd semi-final and who will be left Dazed & Confused? Find out March 4th at Kremwerk!


Fernando dropped me off at the airport at the hair-raising hour of 4:25am. Nary a café was open, which was probably fine, since at that time, I don't think I would have managed to choke down a cup of coffee anyway.
I have discovered there is a women's fitness magazine named "Glutes, " dedicated to providing tips on sculpting your sexiest backside.
I have seen two Euro-dudes dressed like cowboys, complete with jaunty neck kerchief. I actually smelled them before I saw them, as they both had evidently taken a bath in Drakkar Noir before arriving at the airport. Gah.
I have seen one burly tattooed guy displaying the teeniest black lace thong – clearly visible over the waistband of his ultra low-rise jeans when he bent over in his chair to get something out of his bag.
And it isn't even 6am yet!


For the past 2 days I've been playing around with Android Studio, and I don't know what's been more frustrating, the fact that it crashes my Windows 8.1 every now and then or that Windows 8's Blue Screen of Death (BSoD) has an emoticon.
I would like to know who first thought of the idea of including a sad emoticon in this screen, and what train of thought led him to believe that it was, in fact, a good idea.
But what surprises me most is that probably someone else ratified the notion that it was a nice idea and that it should be there in the final release!!


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Title 8. Aliens and Nationality
Chapter I. Department of Homeland Security
Subchapter B. Immigration Regulations
Part 208. Procedures For Asylum and Withholding of Removal
Subpart A. Asylum and Withholding of Removal
8 CFR 208.24 - Termination of asylum or withholding of removal or deportation
Cited in 101 Related
Cite as 8 CFR 208.24
...proceedings. An alien who has been granted asylum may not be deported or removed unless his or her asylum status is terminated pursuant to 8 CFR 208.24 or Sec. 1208.24. An alien who is granted withholding of removal or deportation, or deferral of removal, may not be deported or removed to t......
Shi Liang Lin v. U.S. Dept. of Justice, Docket No. 02-4611-ag.
U.S. Court of Appeals — Second Circuit
...membership in a particular social group, or political opinion in the country from which deportation or removal was withheld." 8 C.F.R. § 208.24(b)(1) (emphasis added). Just as a change in United States asylum law does not qualify as a "change in circumstances" sufficient to reopen an asylum......
Bare v. Barr, No. 17-73269
...are provided by regulation. Where, as here, asylum was granted by an IJ, the IJ may reopen the case to terminate a grant of asylum. 8 C.F.R. §§ 208.24(f), 1208.24(f). The USCIS may make a motion to an IJ to have a case reopened. See id. § 1003.23(b)(1), (3). There is no time limit for how l......
Xiao v. Reno, No. C-90-0350 WHO.
...that asylum is an inadequate remedy because the Attorney General may revoke it under certain circumstances. See 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b); 8 C.F.R. § 208.24. In pressing their argument, defendants relied on Pangilinan for the proposition that this Court lacked jurisdiction to provide Wang his requ......
Singh v. Napolitano, No. 10–CV–0462 (MAT).
...Services, 2011 WL 1485368, at *7 (N.D.Ill. Apr. 11, 2011) ("The complaint alleges that defendants violated [819 F.Supp.2d 211] 8 C.F.R. § 208.24(c) by failing to supply the reasons for their intent to terminate plaintiff's asylum status in the NOIT, by failing to provide plaintiff with a me......
Ngwanyia v. Ashcroft, No. Civ. 02-502(RHK/AJB).
United States District Courts. 8th Circuit. United States District Court of Minnesota
...to that of a lawful permanent resident, see 8 U.S.C. § 1159(b), or (2) the asylee's status is terminated, see 8 U.S.C. § 1158(c)(2); 8 C.F.R. § 208.24.4 Page Aliens may be granted asylum by either the executive branch or the judiciary. In general, an alien who has not been placed in immigra......
1 firm's commentaries
The Asylum Backlog, Ad Nauseam Edition
LexBlog United States
...specific evidence that an individual asylee may be subject to termination of asylum status for any of the applicable grounds under 8 C.F.R. § 208.24. We have not issued any policy memos/directives/other information regarding the termination of asylum status based on the individual no longer......
Asylum, Withholding of Removal, and Relief Under the Convention Against Torture
Immigration Relief: Legal Assistance for Noncitizen Crime Victims
...Family of Refugees & Asylees, http:// www .uscis .gov /family /family‑refugees‑asylees (last visited Apr. 10, 2014). 80. Id. 81. 8 C.F.R. § 208.24(b)(1), (f) (2013). Settlage_ImmRelief_20140717_09-11_Final.indd 99 7/17/14 9:12 AM 100 ChApter 6 country that accepts him. 82 There is no path t......


Στα τέλη Δεκεμβρίου 2014, μια έκθεση-σταθμός για την Ελλάδα παρουσίασε για πρώτη φορά εις βάθος και λεπτομερώς το πώς η αντιμετώπιση της οικονομικής κρίσης επηρέασε τα δικαιώματα και τις ελευθερίες στη χώρα. Η έκθεση εξηγεί πώς προσβλήθηκαν ή υπονομεύθηκαν τα οικονομικά, κοινωνικά και πολιτιστικά δικαιώματα εν μέσω κρίσης, ενώ παράλληλα περιγράφει τους περιορισμούς και τις επιθέσεις ενάντια στα ατομικά και πολιτικά δικαιώματα. Σε αυτό το πλαίσιο, η έκθεση εξετάζει την άνοδο της Ακροδεξιάς, που οικοδομήθηκε πάνω στη ματαίωση και την οργή τις οποίες παρήγαγε η κρίση, με τραγικό αντίκτυπο στις ζωές εκατοντάδων μεταναστών και προσφύγων στην Ελλάδα.
«Θα χρειαστεί μεγαλύτερη προσπάθεια, από τη μεριά του κράτους και της κοινωνίας, για να αντιμετωπιστούν αποτελεσματικά οι κοινωνικές, πολιτικές και οικονομικές συνθήκες οι οποίες εξέθρεψαν τον ακροδεξιό εξτρεμισμό», σημειώνουν οι συντάκτες της έκθεσης – η Διεθνής Ομοσπονδία για τα Δικαιώματα του Ανθρώπου (FIDH) και η οργάνωση-μέλος της, Ελληνική Ένωση για τα Δικαιώματα του Ανθρώπου (ΕλΕΔΑ). Κατά την παρουσίαση των συμπερασμάτων της έκθεσης, ο πρόεδρος της FIDH, Karim Lahidji, μίλησε στο 1againstracism.gr για τις επιπτώσεις της διαχείρισης της κρίσης στα άτομα αλλοδαπής καταγωγής που βρίσκονται στη χώρα.
1 wish to take this opportunity to share with you, as a highly-valued member of the family of UNHCR Goodwill Ambassadors and High Profile Supporters, my reflections on the past year, as well as to convey my deepest appreciation to you for the contributions you have made on behalf of refugees. The work you do to help us raise awareness and support for people whose lives have been torn apart by war and violence is vital. Collectively, your field missions, films, social media outreach and participation in special events have enabled us to reach millions of people with advocacy messages and calls to action. Given the state of the world today, these humanitarian efforts are more important than ever.
The number of persons of concern to UNHCR stands at an all-time high. By June 2014, the level of human displacement had exceeded 51 million people; the highest numbers since World War Two. Old and new conflicts, violence and persecution forced at least 7 million people from their homes in 2014 alone, and many thousands died trying to get to safety.
During my missions to emergency operations last year, I met with many refugees and displaced families. They shared their heartbreaking stories, bringing to light the true cost of war and violent conflict. Despite all they have endured, they showed me the unassailable strength of the human spirit. Their hope and perseverance are inspirational and contribute enormously to the courage and resilience of UNHCR staff who work in some of the most difficult and dangerous places on earth.
While we work to protect, assist and uphold the dignity of the people we serve, refugees are not always made to feel welcome, and the rising sentiments of xenophobia and intolerance in some parts of the world affect them deeply. I am grateful that the vast majority of host countries and communities around the globe continue to challenge these sentiments by taking in refugees and sheltering them from conflict and persecution. In neighbourhoods and camps, in schools and hospitals, in community centres and places of worship, in government oftices and grassroots organizations, there are countless examples every day of people sharing what they have with those who have lost everything to violence and war. We must do everything we can to support and promote humanitarian action, in all its forms and at all levels, throughout our societies.
The year also marked the launch of UNHCR's campaign to end statelessness within a decade. Statelessness violates the human rights of over 10 million people who are made to feel that their very existence is a crime. We have a clear and realistic path to eliminate statelessness. The campaign is the first step in what will have to be a sustained effort, working closely with governments and civil society across the globe, to bring about the necessary legislative changes to prevent new cases of statelessness and resolve existing situations by 2024. Many of you, as Goodwill Ambassadors and High Profile Supporters, have already joined the campaign by signing the #iBelong open letter on http://ibelong.unhcr.org/. 1 hope you will continue to bring visibility and inspire highlevel support for this important initiative.
In the past year, UNHCR received strong support from donors, but the needs were unprecedented. With an increasing share of our resources being required for the Syria emergency, many operations around the world have become "forgotten crises" and more funds are urgently needed. I will not shy away from saying that I am concerned about the year ahead; March 2015 will mark the fourth anniversary of the Syrian conflict and a number of massive humanitarian crises rage on, displacing thousands of people each day. For eveiy refugee who we are able to assist to return home or resettle in a new country, there are countless more being forced from their homes or living in protracted displacement.
forcibly displaced people worldwide has a story that needs to be heard, a family that needs to be reunited and a life that needs to be rebuilt, I am grateful to call you a partner in this important fight and look forward to our continued work together.


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Printable Homestead Exemption Form - Proof of eligibility must be submitted with this form. Those 65 or older must include a copy of their driver's license, Medicare card or birth certificate. Those with disabilities must submit their award letter from a retirement system (Social Security, Veteran's Administration, etc.).


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Book(s) 1-28 of 28 records.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: WITH ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB SURVIAL GUIDE, 6R.E.
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Charity Navigator - Rating for Toledo Northwestern Ohio Food Bank, Inc.
Toledo Northwestern Ohio Food Bank, Inc.
Established in 1984, the Toledo Northwestern Ohio Food Bank, Inc. works to enable other community organizations to end hunger. We strive to maximize community resources by effectively obtaining and distributing food through a food collection and distribution system. The Food Bank currently serves more than 250 non-profit member agencies in eight counties in Northwest Ohio including Defiance, Fulton, Henry, Lucas, Ottawa, Sandusky, Wood and Williams. In effect, the Food Bank is a cooperative effort to solicit, transport, sort, repack and distribute large amounts of food and grocery products.
All data for Financial Performance Metrics calculations was provided by Toledo Northwestern Ohio Food Bank, Inc. on recent 990s filed with the IRS.
Toledo Northwestern Ohio Food Bank, Inc. has received 7 consecutive 4-star ratings from Charity Navigator.
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Status: Online registration is not available for this event. Please bring $10 cash to pay for this event on site.
All proceeds from this event go towards the APEGBC Central Interior Branch/University of Northern BC Vladimir Pasicnyk Scholarship fund.
Please join the Central Interior Branch for their Tour of the Wood Innovation and Design Centre construction site. Online registration is not available for this tour. Members are asked to bring $10 cash or a cheque to the event. All proceeds from this event will go to the APEGBC Central Interior Branch Scholarship Fund. For more details about this event please click below.
Dr. Dan Ryan, Dean of the College of Science and Management (CSAM), will lead us on a tour of the innovative WIDC as its construction progresses, and speak to the new engineer programs being developed at UNBC.
The Wood Innovation & Design Centre will be an iconic multi-use wood building in the heart of downtown Prince George. The building will house academic and research programs from UNBC focused on advanced building systems, engineered wood products, interior wood design and applications, and other value-added wood products.
Dr. Ryan's research interests lie in the area of environmetrics: the application and development of statistical techniques in the environmental sciences. This area of research allows him to combine his strong belief that we must be more sensitive to the delicate balance of nature, with his academic strengths that include a quantitative, precise approach to problems and an intense curiosity about the world around us.
Please bring Person Protect Equipment (PPE) with you. The building contractor, PCL, only has a limited amount of PPE that may be borrowed.


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Affordable HR Management Software for Small Business
By Julie Knudson
WalkMe Review: On-screen Tutorials Made Easy
50 Productivity Tips By and For Small Business Owners
125 DIY Email Marketing Tips
Managing the various responsibilities that fall under the human resources umbrella can consume a huge amount of any business owner's time. But HR management software can take the load off of your shoulders.
Whether you need to find and hire new employees, oversee benefits and health insurance offerings, track employees' hours and accrued time off—or all of the above—a bevy of powerful HR management software solutions stands ready to help you offload those tasks and reclaim your calendar.
[Learn more: Does Automated Human Resources Make Sense for SMBs?]
3 HR Management Software Platforms Designed for Small Business
In this article, we look at three HR management software platforms for entrepreneurs. Read the entire article, or click on a link below to jump to a specific product.
SutiHR
SentricWorkforce
Designed to automate many of the more tedious and time-consuming tasks, the SutiHR HR management software platform offers small businesses a streamlined system to oversee personnel management, time tracking, payroll, and a number of other core capabilities.
SutiHR's enroll-in-benefits capability.
You can easily create each employee's profile during the onboarding process, during which the HR management software ties in additional information such as your company's confidentiality agreement or yearly performance reviews. Maintaining accurate records—a straightforward process—includes an option to track department transfers or job promotions as appropriate.
The system lets you track flexible benefit options, plus your employees can easily review—and change—their benefits to suit their individual needs. In addition to tracking conventional insurance plans, SutiHR can also manage bonuses and other benefit types. Your company can also use SutiHR to manage requests for time off, log approvals or rejections directly into the system, and quickly access reports any time you want to monitor attendance trends.
SutiHR pricing starts at $5 per employee, per month for the Professional package. Bumping up to the Premium or Enterprise packages provides additional services, including, among other capabilities, recruitment and training administration.
SentricWorkforce, integrated HR management software for small business, lets you track and analyze work eligibility, training requirements, performance appraisals, and attendance. It makes adding new employees to the system fast and simple. Need to keep multiple groups in the loop on new hires? The system can save you time along the way by emailing documentation to different people.
The SentricWorkforce payroll feature.
The HR management software's group enrollment options—and the capability to send individual-level changes directly to carriers—simplify benefits management. You can also track real-time and historical benefit costs, along with COBRA benefits and total compensation statements. Workers can also access critical information, such as employee handbooks and directories, through SentricWorkforce. They can quickly route time-off requests to the appropriate managers and even update their own personal information.
SentricWorkforce offers a flexible payroll module that accommodates off-cycle checks for commissions and bonuses without a lot of fuss. Employees can also access W-2s and other tax filings through the system.
SentricWorkforce pricing begins at $2 per employee per month for the Starter package, which focuses on personnel records, absence management, and performance tracking. Bump up to Pro ($6/pe/pm) and Premium ($12/pe/pm) tiers for additional features, such as employee and manager self-service, benefits and open enrollment, and recruitment and training.
Zoho People HR management software simplifies and streamlines business owners' workflows. For example, employees at different experience levels or in different locations may have their own parameters for vacation time or training. Rather than forcing you to fit your company's business model into a predefined structure, Zoho People lets you define the types of leave available to your employees—vacation, sick days, training time, PTO, etc. You can also specify leave accrual levels for each worker.
The ZoHo People time tracker.
You and your employees can track time through the Web or through mobile check-in and check-out, and you can customize the settings are customizable to fit your company's specific needs. In addition, you can use Zoho People to track both billable and non-billable hours, as well as multiple shifts, which makes shift mapping and other tasks quick and painless.
A powerful performance-appraisal feature lets you (or managers and supervisors) record feedback from several sources, and it can even include self-appraisal data straight from the employees themselves. You can analyze performance trends over time to see where improvement opportunities exist.
[Learn more: Jazz Tunes into SMB Hiring and Talent Retention]
Zoho People offers a free plan for businesses with up to five employees. The Basic plan (up to 10 employees) costs $19 per month; the Standard plan (up to 25 employees) costs $49 per month, the Premium plan (up to 50 employees) costs $99 per month, and the Enterprise plan (up to 100 employees) costs $199 per month. Yearly plans are also available.
Julie Knudson is a freelance writer whose articles have appeared in technology magazines including BizTech, Processor, and For The Record. She has covered technology issues for publications in other industries, from food service to insurance, and she also writes a recurring column in Integrated Systems Contractor magazine.


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A litigation guardian can be appointed by a court or tribunal, pursuant to the rules of the court or tribunal, when a person does not have the capacity to instruct their lawyer due to cognitive impairment or being under 18 years of age.
The fact a person has a disability does not, in and of itself, mean that they cannot provide instructions to a lawyer.
A litigation guardian effectively stands in the shoes of the litigant and provides instructions to a lawyer. The purpose of the role is to protect court process and the rights of litigants who would otherwise be disadvantaged.
Please note, OPA is not funded to provide a litigation guardian service
VCAT cannot appoint a litigation guardian. However, VCAT can appoint a guardian or administrator with power to undertake legal proceedings in the name of, and on behalf of the represented person, in relation to personal or financial matters named in the order. In this situation, the guardian or administrator does not need to be appointed litigation guardian in accordance with the rules of the relevant court or tribunal.
Guardians and administrators must have regard to general principles and decision-making principles set out in the Guardianship and Administration Act 2019.
Firstly, the Public Advocate may be appointed guardian with powers to bring and defend legal proceedings in relation to a personal matter, as described above.
Secondly, the Public Advocate may with the leave of a court or VCAT join as a party to proceedings or assist a court or VCAT as amicus curiae in proceedings that involve the rights and interests of a person with a disability.
Thirdly, the Public Advocate may advocate for the human rights and interests of a person with a disability by making representations or acting their behalf. It is on this basis that the Public Advocate may consider accepting appointment as litigation guardian under the rules of a court or tribunal.
In general, the Public Advocate is only prepared to be litigation guardian in matters which relate to a person's contact with their children. If the litigation relates to financial matters, then it may be possible for VCAT to appoint an administrator with powers to bring and defend legal proceedings.
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Fresh spinach leaves are tossed with crisp-chewy cubes of bacon, sliced mushrooms and a homemade toasted curry vinaigrette.
This is a delicious and easy dressing recipe using chicken. It can be moist or dry depending on the amount of broth used.
A tasty cabbage and potato colcannon is enriched with sour cream and butter, then baked until hot and topped with melted Cheddar cheese. Make it as a side or a meal.
French bread slices topped with a bubbly Cheddar cheese mixture, olives and green onions make great hot appetizers that everyone will enjoy.
Butter combined with cream cheese and flavored with fresh parsley, onion and garlic.
Chicken breast chunks, black beans, and great Northern beans mingle with green, red, and yellow bell pepper in this tomato-based chili recipe.
These cookies have a sweet peanut butter cup center.
Pumpkin soup on white wood background.


Come and join us for a Play Event at the prestigious Wentworth Tennis Club.
Welcome to our 'Play' Event at the prestigious Wentworth Club.
A high quality tennis event is the perfect way to entertain and reward your clients!


Flight Engineers Ltd was a joint company formed by agricultural operator Barr Brothers and Marine Helicopters Ltd. to maintain own fleets, but also undertook license-assembly of Transavia PL-12 Airtruk agricultural aircraft from 1973. T320 version powered by Continental Tiara engine introduced 1977. Production ended 1980.


Livingston Taylor enlists the help of a varied backing group including his brother James for a collection of tunes that are more rootsy and eclectic than much of his previous work.
"A 'healing' album with jazz, blues and pop influences... Embrace this one, it is something special."


← Wordless Wednesday – The Real Reason Why the Chicken Crossed the Road?
Earlier this summer while on a mini-vacation road trip in Québec's Eastern Townships we visited the Benedictine Abbey at Saint-Benoit-du-Lac.
The monastery was established in 1912 by a group of exiled monks from the Fontanelle Abbey of St. Wandrille France. The current structure was built in 1934/35 and is situated on a multi-acre site overlooking the western shores of Lake Memphremagog, not far from the U.S. border, about a ninety minute drive southeast of Montréal.
The abbey is home to roughly thirty monks in full-time residence who live a monastic life that is devoted to prayer, hard work, and service to the community, all while maintaining a vow of silence.
In fact for those who are looking to get away from it all for a few days of peace and quiet, or if you're interested in experiencing monastic living, the abbey does accept a limited number of overnight guests. Dorm rooms can be reserved for short stays for a suggested donation of only $60.00 per night which includes three meals per day.
To finance the abbey's operations there is a gift shop on-site that sells artisanal cheeses, jams, honey, and other products made by the monks from produce grown on the complex and in their nearby orchards.
As we stroll around admiring the doors you'll notice one of the main features of the abbey is the multi-colored patterned tile and brickwork, that is repeated throughout the building.
Whether you're religious or not, walking through a place like this slows you down, quiets and clears the mind, and offers you the opportunity for somber reflection.
This hallway leads to the main chapel where the monks perform their prayers multiple times per day, in the form of Gregorian Chant. The hallway is lined with display signs that describe the history of the benedictine 'movement' and how these monks ended up in rural Québec.
Photography in the chapel is not permitted when the monks are in prayer. So though I have no photos of the chapel for you, the good news is that it meant we were there while the monks were chanting.
After touring the main building we decided to walk around the grounds for a bit and I'm glad we did.
Up a small hill on the other side of the parking lot we discovered this tiny secondary chapel hidden among the trees.
It was so dark that none of my interior shots came out, but hey, it sure has a pretty door don't you think?
Located at 1 rue Principale in Saint-Benoit-du-Lac, Québec, the Abbey and its gift shop are open seven days a week, 9:00 am to 6:00 pm from May through October, and 9:00 am to 5:00 pm from November through April.
Gallery | This entry was posted in Photography, Thursday Doors and tagged Abbey, Doors, Eastern Townships, Gregorian Chants, Magog, Monks, Québec, Saint-Benoit-du-Lac, Thursday Doors, Tourism. Bookmark the permalink.
What a beautiful, tranquil place, Norm. I love those coloured tiles, so unusual to see them in an abbey. The idea of an overnight stay really appeals, especially at such a great price.
Norm, I didn't get a Thursday's Doors post out this week. Your collection is elegant, grand and beautiful. Abbey's seem to me to be the best places to capture intriguing elements, on every turn.
Oh, I just want to retire and do my blog: ha ha! Anyway, the Benedictine Abbey in Quebec is a really unique site and resembles European and also, Turkish influences. Those tan, brown and red brick tiles and their patterns have Eastern influences.
What a great place and great photos! I loved all of them! I would find it difficult though to be restful and peaceful with all the colored tiles!
Thanks. You're right, the patterns and colours are visually jarring.
Absolutely exquisite. Reminds me of a church in Nova Scotia. Thank you for sharing these vivid and creative photos.
A lot of fancy brick and stone work – those monks are very talented.
Wow! Beautiful and awesome, Norm. You're managing to find and photographing some fantastic doorscursions! The hidden chapel was great too! I'm curious, if you take a guided of the monastery do the guides speak or do they just point to signs.
Thanks I had the same reaction to the tiles, I really wasn't expecting that.
Beautiful collection of doors! And a remarkable place. Definitely worth a visit.
I love the vividness of your photos today.
Stunning, peaceful, beautiful – what else can I say, this is a wonderful place and gorgeously photographed!
This is and especially wonderful post today. The pictures are beautiful, and the narrative makes them even more interesting. This is a place I would love to visit.
Thanks Charles. Places that are designed to promote calm quiet introspection are good for the spirit and for our sanity!
That confessional looks pretty serious! My favorite shot was the one taken from below the stone steps that lead up to the chapel. It is beautiful to see the steps of time worn into those stones. Great photos this week Norm.
Thanks for the kind words about the pics, I'm glad you liked them.
Ah. I wondered about that. I tried refreshing several times but didn't see my link.
You never cease to amaze and delight me with your doors.
I only have one door for you today.
Beautiful building inside and outside. Love the doors, floors, and walls. I know I'm weird, but I do love listening to monks chant.
You're not weird at all. It is very soothing to listen to.
For a while, about 20 years ago there was bit of a resurgence in the popularity of Gregorian chants. There was one really popular CD put out by a group of monks in Spain that actually made it onto the charts in a few countries.
Thanks so much for sharing these doors and other photos, Norm. That shot down the hallway through the open doors is my favorite. I can feel the stress draining, just looking at the photo. These are beautiful doors and the building itself is amazing. I;m so glad you stumbled onto the mini-chapel – what a lovely building to find hiding in the woods.
Thanks Dan. It was such a peaceful way to spend an afternoon. I can see why some people go back and spend a few days a year there.
Absolutely stunning! Nothing dull about those corridors and rooms! There's creativity and joy in every square inch. But I'm curious about decent dress: Since God created us naked, does that mean you had to take off all your clothes to go into the church? –Seriously, what a wonderful tour you shared with us! Tiny-house nut that I am, I LOVE the tiny chapel.
It was an interesting place to visit, and the chanting was…heavenly of course!
Gorgeous, stunning, amazing, beautiful place! Oh little secondary chapel has stolen my heart. How fabulous are those doors? Great stuff, Norm!
Thanks Joey. That little chapel was so pretty inside too. It's too bad none of those shots turned out.
What a glorious place, one filled with workmanship showing that the creators used their skills from the Creator in marvelous ways, even though, as Judy says, it might be a bit over the top.. I love both the structures, large and small. What wonderful stone! Thanks for sharing this, Norm.
Thanks Judy. It's a little off the beaten path and not mentioned in most of the tourism guide books which is exactly the kind of place I like to discover and share with others.
For such a quiet place, the visual stimulation is shouting out loud!! It's interesting that while they have forsaken speech, they seem to have compensated with all this "eye candy". I'm assuming that while it was very quiet and peaceful inside, it was also energizing.
My favourite photo is the one of the stairs leading up to the small chapel. I feel like I could walk into that picture.
Thanks Joanne. It took me a few tries to get that stair shop exactly the way I wanted it, but I'm glad I went through the extra effort.
Oooh, I could feel how befitting grand time you were having there! Amazing shots!


text:
Great story in SF Chronicle on a Roof Deck
One August night, on a roof terrace in Rome, a young architect in a state of repose observes a speckled sky. It's the Night of San Lorenzo, the best night of the year to spot shooting stars.
"The air was cool, drifting from the sea, but the deck was still warm from the heat of the day," recalls architect Matthew Peek, who studied architecture in Italy on a Fulbright Fellowship in the late '90s. "I absorbed the warmth of the deck through my back, gazing up into the stars. It was kind of magical. I knew I had fallen in love with roofscapes in Italy."
Peek, now principal of San Francisco's Studio Peek Ancona, summons more memories of life above the fray in Italy: the "sea of domes" as seen from his Roman rooftop, and, from a modest terrace in Florence, adorned with lemon and olive trees, a postcard view of the famous Duomo. More than a decade later, Peek's enchantment with rooftops has long surpassed its statute of limitations as mere nostalgia for a hopeful and adventurous time in his life – the impact of these Italian terraces lingers, imbuing his architectural career.
Read more: http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2012/05/31/HOMS1NPQMD.DTL#ixzz1xnWMIZ1O
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text:
best of 2018 Dec. 18, 2018
The 10 Biggest Late-Night Sagas of 2018
From Kanye to Feckless Cuntgate and everything in between.
By Bethy Squires
The best entertainment of 2018, as chosen by Vulture's critics. Click here to see selections for every subject and more.
Photo-Illustration: Maya Robinson/Vulture and TBS
All of art is supposed to hold a mirror up to society, but late-night television might be the most mirrorlike art form there is. If you want to understand an era, watch its late night. We are living in a disaster movie, and as is the style in disaster movies, a supercut of late-night monologues let us know what the stakes are. Upheavaly isn't a word, but 2018 was a truly upheavaly year: Les Moonves exposed, Koreas talking to each other, Kim Kardashian West working toward prison reform. Not even Dr. Peter Venkman could predict a more topsy-turvy "dogs and cats living together" scenario. These moments spanned nights, shows, and networks.
That's why we're counting down the biggest moments in late night, not the funniest. The funniest moments in late night were small: the light leaving Jimmy Fallon's eyes as someone plays a melodica with their nose, Julia Roberts saying "I cannot believe this is what we've come to" when she aims a leaf blower at Busy Philipps's face. The funniest stuff didn't give us the cheat sheet for the cultural moment. The biggest moments were funny, but more importantly, they had impact. Like a meteor, or that one font. Let's take a look.
10. Gaga's "100 People in a Room" Worldwide Tour
A Star Is Born's publicity machine was as unstoppable as the movie was improbable. This movie was good, who'da thought?! Gaga got dragged for her devotion to the talking points, but only because Bradley Cooper paraphrased his anecdotes. Taffy Brodesser-Akner's New York Times profile rehashed Coop's talking points. Gaga, on the other hand, read the copy word for word like a Blue Apron podcast ad. I saw my first "100 People" on The Late Show, and it rang true as hell to me. I was entranced. It was probably her fifth or sixth, but it felt like the first. And as Jonah Hill recently pointed out, that's acting, baby.
9. BTS Does the Fortnite Dance Challenge on The Tonight Show
Is any sentence more 2018 than "BTS Does the Fortnite Dance Challenge"? If Paul McCartney's "Carpool Karaoke" was TV attempting to harness the fading attention of boomers, BTS's late-night debut was TV's admission that both American cultural supremacy and television itself are basically over. This was a YouTube clip that aired on television, not a TV segment that ran on YouTube. And when the boys of BTS actually appeared on The Tonight Show, the teen-girl screams were deafening. It was perhaps as seismic a change as the Doors talking about drugs on Ed Sullivan. The young people might have been incomprehensible to Ed, but BTS literally speaks a different language than Jimmy.
8. Trump Hastens the Death of Comedy
Trump lowered the bar on discourse and dick jokes — no easy feat. But when the president is more caricature than man, the jokes can get pretty hacky. One week in March, five late-night hosts told the same Stormy Daniels joke. Donald Trump didn't sign the NDA, and five comedy professionals went "THAT'S THE ONLY THING HE WON'T PUT HIS NAME ON WOCKA WOCKA WOCKA." And when The Bachelorette coincided with the North Korea summit, lots of comics squished the two ideas together for one perfect gay joke. In fact, it's been a banner year for borderline homophobia. Here's the plot of a recent SNL cold open: Trump loves Putin. Putin's new squeeze is the crown prince of Saudi Arabia. Trump feels like the neglected sidepiece. Nothing is funnier than jokes about how womanly a president is who won in part because his opponent was a woman. Classic.
7. Cardi B's Baby Bump Reveal on SNL
Cardi B is a celebrity who would never have happened without Instagram. Her popularity is based on being foul-mouthed and off-the-cuff nearly 24/7. Yet when she wanted to announce her pregnancy, she did it on a 44-year-old network show. A variety show, no less. The oldest of TV-show formats. Cardi showed the bump that would become Kulture during her second song on Saturday Night Live. This is an untoppable stunt — hiding your pregnancy during your first performance of the night, then BAM!, a Christian Siriano pregnancy-hugging dress. That is an old-school Hollywood star move. Cardi B uses every medium to its fullest potential.
6. The Lowlifes of Late Night
Donald Trump took time out of his busy schedule of tweeting insults to TV personalities to say some in person at a rally in June. He called Fallon a "lost soul," Colbert a "lowlife," and said that Kimmel's show was "terrible." According to Trump, Kimmel "would stand outside of the sidewalk waiting for me: 'Oh, here he comes, Donald Trump.' … He opens my door. I said, 'Does he do this to everybody?' to his people, [who said], 'He does it for nobody.'" Colbert, Fallon, and Conan O'Brien responded by recording a joint cold open, while Kimmel refuted his story during his monologue. This was just one example of how late night has become radicalized by Trump. Never have I seen so many "Get Out the Vote" segments than in the run-up to the midterms. When your job is to comment on the news, it's definitely in your best interest to make the news happier.
5. Colbert Calls Out Moonves on CBS
CBS appears to be rotten to its core. The news division, the procedural dramas, and even their head of comedy booking are mired in allegations of sexism and harassment. And of course, the head of the company was a brigand of Les Moonves proportions. This puts Stephen Colbert in an awkward position. "Everybody believes in accountability until it's their guy," said Colbert after the Moonves allegations came out. "And make no mistake, Les is my guy. He hired me to sit in this chair." There has been a lot of debate about how "good men" should address the actions of their friends. Do they hold them accountable? Do they maybe reflect on how their alleged ignorance hurt others? Hopefully both. Colbert has made his career from being a woke bae before that was even a thing. He walked so Matt McGorry could fly. When Les Moonves's crimes were laid bare, a lot of eyes were on Colbert to see if and how he would address it. (Way more eyes than were on James Corden, who has carved out an impish apolitical space for himself.) Colbert dedicated two segments to the Moonves ousting: one making fun of him for being a perv, and one plainly stating that "accountability is meaningless unless it's for everybody."
4. Michelle Wolf
God, I miss The Break. Netflix only gave us ten glorious episodes, but they were so good, biting, and silly in equal measure. Michelle Wolf's biggest moment of 2018 didn't occur on her late-night show, but when she appeared as the featured entertainer at the White House Correspondents' Dinner and said that Sarah Huckabee Sanders had nice eye shadow. The right went apeshit and the journalists decided to never have a comic at their very fancy party ever again. Unlike someone further down on this list, Wolf never apologized. If anything, she doubled down, doing a mini-roast of people in the Trump administration on The Break. If Wolf had capitulated to right-wing kooks, would she still have a show? Who knows. But I salute an uncompromising artist who's not afraid to talk about necrophiliac crow sex.
3. Ariana and Pete's Entire Relationship Playing Out on Late Night
It was the whirlwind summer romance that still has its nasty little claws in our brains: Ariana Grande and Pete Davidson fell in love, got engaged, then broke up this year. And late night was pivotal in every step of that process. Ariana talked about how she fell in love with Pete on The Tonight Show. Her giant engagement ring was visible taping "Carpool Karaoke." Pete gloated about their relationship and baby pig on Seth Meyers's show. He said he was sabotaging her birth control on "Weekend Update." Perhaps that was the first warning sign. And when their love turned sour, that played out on late night, too. Ariana released "Thank U, Next" less than an hour before SNL, where Pete was supposedly going to have a sketch about their relationship. The sketch allegedly got cut, and Pete gave a brief address on the matter during his "Update" piece where he made fun of the pro-life representative with the eye patch. Even into December, late night is the stage for their drama. Pete commented on Ariana's comments on Kanye's comments on Drake (I'm exhausted), alluded to suicide on his Instagram, then deleted his IG altogether. Fans watched SNL eagle-eyed to see if he'd show up, which he did briefly to introduce Miley Cyrus.
2. Kanye
Late Night Saga No. 3 blends seamlessly into Late Night Saga No. 2. One of Kanye's biggest moments of 2018 was his SNL rant, during what are usually good-byes. He donned a MAGA hat and said, "So many times I talk to a white person and [they] say, 'How could you like Trump, he's racist?' Well, if I was concerned about racism, I would have moved out of America a long time ago." Kenan went on Seth Meyers and said the cast was "held hostage" by Ye. Earlier in the year, Kanye had gone on Jimmy Kimmel Live!, where he defended his Trump stanning, despite most people in his life (including Kim, allegedly) advising him against it. "You so famously and so powerfully said George Bush doesn't care about black people. Makes me wonder what makes you think that Donald Trump does," Kimmel asked. When Kanye had no answer, Kimmel cut to commercial.
1. The C-Word
Twenty eighteen was the year we weaponized outrage, and no late-night moment exemplified that more than what I've taken to calling Feckless Cuntgate. The right lost their flipping gourds when Samantha Bee called Ivanka Trump a feckless cunt. It was an uncalled for response because (1) they said nothing when Bee said the same thing about Woodrow Wilson, and (2) it's fucking true. People acted like Ivanka was going to be the Fay Wray to her dad's King Kong, but she does not give a feck. Bee eventually apologized, saying "it was inappropriate and inexcusable," and TBS promised to have more editorial oversight of Full Frontal in the future. This gave everyone a blueprint for how to get people censured or fired: Find a thing that was said, construe it as targeting a protected group, and yell until the person who said it goes away. It's a tactic that can be used in good faith (Kevin Hart) and bad (James Gunn). Bee called Ivanka a cunt during her segment on the children separated at the border from their parents. The actually hurt group gets lost to the group with the loudest cheering section. If that doesn't represent this year, I don't know what does.
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text:
Union-Bashing Is on the Menu at Tim Hortons
Mitchell Thompson
A US firm, Positive Management Leadership, is teaching some of Canada's leading businesses how to snuff out union organizing before it gets off the ground. Their investment in union-bashing shows how much those companies fear organized and empowered workers.
Employers, active across very different sectors, all appear happy to share resources and best practices when it comes to keeping their workplaces unorganized.
The training firm Positive Management Leadership (PML), based in South Carolina, boasts some of Canada's biggest companies among its clients, including household names like Canadian Tire, Staples, Best Buy, and juggernaut fast-food coffee purveyor, Tim Hortons.
PML offers them advice and support in one important task: keeping out trade unions. During a 2019 anti-union conference in Toronto, Honda Canada representative John Moulding credited PML president Terry Dunn with helping keep his company "union-free."
A close look at PML's client base and the gushing testimonials they offer for its training programs tells us a lot about the anti-union mentality that holds sway in corporate Canada. But it also shows us that these companies are deeply worried about the potential power of their workers.
Dunn's firm, which was set up in 1986, purports to simply offer its clients lessons in leadership so as to avoid "crisis situations." PML's website boasts that "over 17,000 mid- to senior-level executives are graduates of our programs." It offers such graduates "rapid response team" training, where would-be union busters learn how to fight organizing drives.
At PML, according to the company's website, managers learn "how to shut off card-signing, quickly." That means learning how to "monitor" employee discussions, "conduct captive audience meetings," and deal with "disruptive union supporters" who are intent on submitting workplaces to what PML calls "mob rule."
PML also runs simulated "union meetings" where managers go head-to-head against a "well-trained, aggressive and articulate union official." Others play rounds of "Pyramid Power" — PML's anti-union version of Trivial Pursuit.
PML's core leadership consists of Terry and Michelle Dunn. Terry Dunn boasts that he previously served as a manager at Kraft and General Electric. He is also a board member at CUE, Inc. — another anti-union organization, set up by the National Association of Manufacturers in 1977. According to his official bio:
During his corporate career, Terry led change management processes and crisis management teams for maintaining union-free operations. Throughout his service, he was also directly involved in thirty-three organizing campaigns, including de-certifications in the U.S. and Canada.
PML's site lists "leadership consultants" that include a onetime Walmart "labor response team" member, former HR directors from Sobeys Canada and IBM, and a retired US army colonel, Bart Rovins.
Big-Ticket Clients
As well as Honda, past and present clients of PML include some other big automakers and manufacturing companies such as Hyundai, BMW, Toyota, Boeing, Michelin, Holcim, and the Triumph Group. Many of these companies have fought long anti-union battles, going back decades in some cases.
Michelin North America, for example, is infamous in Eastern Canada for its fight with the United Rubber Workers' Union. In the 1970s, tensions between workers and management came to a head when the company used its influence to push for anti-union laws.
These laws led to bans on picketing Michelin construction sites, and later to the retroactive overriding of union certifications. Current Michelin North America HR consultant Mark King boasts that he's served on PML's "simulation team" since 2019.
Boeing, meanwhile, made headlines in 2017 for its "hardball" campaign against the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM) in South Carolina. The company opted to "flood the airwaves" with anti-union ads — including approximately 485 TV spots outside the workplace and others on televisions placed strategically inside it, urging workers to "Just say NO to the IAM."
Current PML consultant Steve Przybelinski previously served as Boeing's director of manufacturing engineering. At Boeing, he offered "secondary support to union avoidance while building productive teams in both engineering and technical areas."
The appearance of BMW, Hyundai, and Toyota on the list is unsurprising. As London School of Economics professor John Logan noted in 2019, all three companies are also prominent clients of Ogletree Deakins, America's second-largest employer-side law firm specializing in union avoidance.
Service-Sector Clients
Some of PML's other clients are service-industry firms, whose employees are already harder for unions to organize than manufacturing workers. These companies include JCPenney, Canadian Tire, Dick's Sporting Goods, Gap, Hallmark Cards, Best Buy, and Tim Hortons.
Best Buy, via email, has denied being a PML client. However, as John Logan observes, the company is a client of former IBM management consultant Charles L. Hughes, through his organization, the Centre for Values Research (CVR) — along with Hyundai, Mercedes-Benz, and others. CVR's home page promises its prospective clients insights into "making unions unnecessary through positive employee relations."
Additionally, Best Buy has other ties to "union avoidance" schemes. Last Spring, Vice leaked an anti-union video that Best Buy had posted internally for members of its HR team. The company's HR VP Howard Rankin's LinkedIn profile notes that he, as employee relations senior director:
. . . developed a comprehensive strategy to identify and partner with field locations at risk for union organizing activity. In partnership with field HR and operations leaders, the ER team develops and implements plans to drive sustained employee engagement in order to reduce risk.
Rankin's LinkedIn further notes that he led Target's HR strategy, when it opened its stores in Canada. In 2019, former Best Buy Canada CFO Philippe Arrata moved on to become CEO of Mountain Equipment Co-op, where he attached his name to "Updates from Phil" — letters meant to dissuade workers from unionizing.
Staples is also on PML's list. While the company did not respond to requests for comment, its Canadian office published a job posting in 2018, based in Richmond Hill, Ontario, for an HR business partner capable of reporting on "progressive discipline" and "union avoidance."
Hallmark Cards is another company that appears on PML's client list. While the company did not respond to requests for comment, two of its former HR managers in the United States and Canada have listed "union avoidance" and working to "retain union-free environment" among their responsibilities.
A Double-Double of Union Avoidance
Tim Hortons is listed as a previous PML client — but the version of the list the company appears on is cached. However, the company is listed again as a PML client on the firm's Greenville Chamber of Commerce page. And while its parent firm, Restaurant Brands International, denied being a PML client, it certainly has clear ties to union avoidance activity.
According to former Tim Hortons CEO, Donald Schroeder, from 1995 onward, he "oversaw the design and implementation of a union avoidance strategy for our storeowners that enabled them to become very pro-active in creating and maintaining a positive workplace environment for their staff."
In early 2020, Tim Hortons locked out staff at one of its few unionized restaurants. During this union drive, the franchise owner also held a captive audience meeting, supposedly at the behest of the company's head office, and threatened the workers' jobs.
The GAP Inc. is another company featured on PML's list of clients. The company's global HR director, Kyle Hargreaves, following employment history at Walmart's Mississauga, Ontario office and its Chicago office, boasted that he has "significant experience in union avoidance."
Canadian Tire is particularly happy with the services rendered by PML, offering a favorable testimonial for its website, thanking the firm for supplying "a tremendous amount of thought-provoking ideas and concepts":
I will absolutely become better at hearing what our employees are feeling. I am taking away a renewed sense of what leadership is all about, the idea that (in a number of ways) the journey is just beginning, and (hopefully) a few ounces of the tremendous passion you all put into PML.
A representative of International Paper was equally enthusiastic: "I found the training to be career- and life-changing events; I will surely use the experiences of this week in both my professional/career leadership roles and personal life." And an anonymous representative of BMW described the PML course as an "eye-opener" that was "well worth my time and the company's time and money. I will take away a much-improved knowledge of unions and the various issues which cause union activity."
These employers, active across very different sectors, all appear happy to share resources and best practices when it comes to keeping their workplaces unorganized. They may compete with each other for market share, but when it comes to union avoidance, the business class operates like a cozy cartel.
Workers shouldn't lose heart, however. Even minimum-wage employers in sectors that are generally seen as very hard to organize clearly feel the need to spend serious money on professional assistance for their anti-union efforts. They wouldn't stump up the cash if they didn't feel vulnerable. Retail and service-sector workers should take note of that vulnerability and exploit it to the hilt.
Mitchell Thompson is a writer, researcher, and occasional radio producer in Toronto.
Anti-union
The training firm Positive Management Leadership (PML), based in South Carolina, boasts some of Canada's biggest companies among its clients, including household names like Canadian Tire, Staples, Best Buy, and juggernaut fast-food coffee purveyor, Tim Hortons. PML offers them advice and support in one important task: keeping out trade unions. During a 2019 anti-union conference […]
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My dear friends, have you ever received a special gift from Mom, sister, or a friend? A gift you have been hoping against hope to receive. First, you open the box with anticipation, remove all the tissue and there nestled in the protection of the wrapping is the gift you most wanted. You jump up and down, you stare in shock or you squeal with delight, either way your response is due to the overwhelming joy you feel at receiving this gift from your loved one.
Ultreyas are opportunities for people to gather, pray, and share personal stories about living a life in God's Grace. It is a weekly or a monthly follow-up, open to the community, by people who have made a conscious commitment to grow closer to Jesus Christ in accordance with their personal vocation.


c.1300, demeyne (modern spelling by late 15c.), from Anglo-French demesne, demeine, Old French demaine "land held for a lord's own use," from Latin dominicus "belonging to a master," from dominus "lord." Re-spelled by Anglo-French legal scribes under influence of Old French mesnie "household" (and the concept of a demesne as "land attached to a mansion") and their fondness for inserting -s- before -n-. Essentially the same word as domain.
He lived by himself with his niece Albine in an old house on the border of the demesne.
I of course could not resist such temptation, and entered the demesne.
I speculated what demesne this might be, and I realized that it was probably Lavedan.
This child was the daughter of some custodian of the demesne before me.
Thereafter it was his purpose to take his bride home to his Sicilian demesne.
The name arose from its being the western terminus of the demesne lands.
All this land might be in one large tract, or the demesne might be separate from the other.
Not that fishing lodge beside the river, in an angle of your own demesne?
Inside this low gate you are within the demesne, and I may bid you welcome to Kilgobbin.
A peremptory order to surrender the house and demesne was also issued.


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text:
Q: Scala: Simple webservice I'd like to create a simple webservice in scala similar to:
http://www.artima.com/lejava/articles/threeminutes.html
Is there an easy way to do this?
EDIT: I found a tutorial for lift http://wiki.liftweb.net/index.php/HowTo_do_Web_Services. However this seems to be way too complicated for what I'm looking for.

A: Can't you just "port" that example to Scala? Importing and using Java classes should "just work", as should annotations (see http://www.scala-lang.org/node/106 for more details on those). Then it's just a case of invoking the framework as normal, which should pick up your Scala class just as it would a Java one (it's all JVM bytecode, after all...).
Or am I missing something?

A: Might be a bit of a late reply for you, but for future reference, there I've posted a very short snippet that should do what you need here:
http://scalabound.org/?p=179
Good luck !

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
import {
	defaultLocale,
	getDocumentLocaleSettings,
	getLanguage,
	supportedBaseLocales,
	supportedLocales
} from '../lib/common.js';

var expect = chai.expect;

describe('common', () => {

	const htmlElem = window.document.getElementsByTagName('html')[0];

	const documentLocaleSettings = getDocumentLocaleSettings();

	afterEach(() => {
		htmlElem.removeAttribute('lang');
		htmlElem.removeAttribute('data-lang-default');
		htmlElem.removeAttribute('data-intl-overrides');
		htmlElem.removeAttribute('data-timezone');
		documentLocaleSettings.reset();
	});

	it('should default to "en"', () => {
		expect(defaultLocale).to.equal('en');
	});

	describe('getLanguage', () => {
		it('should use "fallback" if no "lang" is present', async() => {
			htmlElem.setAttribute('data-lang-default', 'fr');
			documentLocaleSettings.sync();
			const value = getLanguage();
			expect(value).to.equal('fr');
		});
		it('should use "lang" if no "fallback" is present', async() => {
			htmlElem.setAttribute('lang', 'ar');
			documentLocaleSettings.sync();
			const value = getLanguage();
			expect(value).to.equal('ar');
		});
		it('should use "fallback" if "lang" is invalid', async() => {
			htmlElem.setAttribute('lang', 'zz');
			htmlElem.setAttribute('data-lang-default', 'pt');
			documentLocaleSettings.sync();
			const value = getLanguage();
			expect(value).to.equal('pt');
		});
		it('should use "lang" when "fallback" is invalid', async() => {
			htmlElem.setAttribute('lang', 'de');
			htmlElem.setAttribute('data-lang-default', 'zz');
			documentLocaleSettings.sync();
			const value = getLanguage();
			expect(value).to.equal('de');
		});
		it('should use "lang" over "fallback" when both are valid', async() => {
			htmlElem.setAttribute('lang', 'de');
			htmlElem.setAttribute('data-lang-default', 'es');
			documentLocaleSettings.sync();
			const value = getLanguage();
			expect(value).to.equal('de');
		});
		it('should use default if "lang" and "fallback" are invalid', async() => {
			htmlElem.setAttribute('lang', 'zz');
			htmlElem.setAttribute('data-lang-default', 'yy');
			documentLocaleSettings.sync();
			const value = getLanguage();
			expect(value).to.equal(defaultLocale);
		});
		it('should use default if "lang" and "fallback" are missing', async() => {
			const value = getLanguage();
			expect(value).to.equal(defaultLocale);
		});
		it('should use regional if specified', async() => {
			htmlElem.setAttribute('lang', 'en-CA');
			documentLocaleSettings.sync();
			const value = getLanguage();
			expect(value).to.equal('en-ca');
		});
		it('should use base language if regional is missing', async() => {
			htmlElem.setAttribute('lang', 'en-AU');
			documentLocaleSettings.sync();
			const value = getLanguage();
			expect(value).to.equal('en');
		});
		it('should match language in a case-insensitive way', async() => {
			htmlElem.setAttribute('lang', 'zH-Cn');
			documentLocaleSettings.sync();
			const value = getLanguage();
			expect(value).to.equal('zh-cn');
		});
		supportedLocales.forEach((locale) => {
			it(`should resolve supported locale "${locale}"`, () => {
				htmlElem.setAttribute('lang', locale);
				documentLocaleSettings.sync();
				const value = getLanguage();
				expect(value).to.equal(locale);
			});
		});
		supportedBaseLocales.forEach((baseLocale) => {
			it(`should resolve supported base locale "${baseLocale}"`, () => {
				htmlElem.setAttribute('lang', baseLocale);
				documentLocaleSettings.sync();
				const value = getLanguage();
				expect(value).to.equal(baseLocale);
			});
		});
	});

	describe('document mutations', () => {
		it('should update language if "lang" gets set', (done) => {
			documentLocaleSettings.addChangeListener(() => {
				expect(getLanguage()).to.equal('fr');
				done();
			});
			htmlElem.setAttribute('lang', 'fr');
		});
		it('should update language if "lang" is not set and "fallback" gets set', (done) => {
			documentLocaleSettings.addChangeListener(() => {
				expect(getLanguage()).to.equal('de');
				done();
			});
			htmlElem.setAttribute('data-lang-default', 'de');
		});
		it('should not update language if "lang" is set and "fallback" gets set', (done) => {
			let count = 0;
			documentLocaleSettings.addChangeListener(() => {
				count++;
				if (count === 1) {
					expect(getLanguage()).to.equal('fr');
					htmlElem.setAttribute('data-lang-default', 'de');
				} else if (count === 2) {
					expect(getLanguage()).to.equal('fr');
					done();
				}
			});
			htmlElem.setAttribute('lang', 'fr');
		});
		it('should use default if "lang" is removed', (done) => {
			let count = 0;
			documentLocaleSettings.addChangeListener(() => {
				count++;
				if (count === 1) {
					expect(getLanguage()).to.equal('es');
					htmlElem.removeAttribute('lang');
				} else if (count === 2) {
					expect(getLanguage()).to.equal(defaultLocale);
					done();
				}
			});
			htmlElem.setAttribute('lang', 'es');
		});
		it('should use default if "fallback" is removed', (done) => {
			let count = 0;
			documentLocaleSettings.addChangeListener(() => {
				count++;
				if (count === 1) {
					expect(getLanguage()).to.equal('es');
					htmlElem.removeAttribute('data-lang-default');
				} else if (count === 2) {
					expect(getLanguage()).to.equal(defaultLocale);
					done();
				}
			});
			htmlElem.setAttribute('data-lang-default', 'es');
		});
	});

	describe('setDocumentLanguage', () => {

		it('should set underlying language', () => {
			documentLocaleSettings.language = 'fr-ca';
			expect(documentLocaleSettings.language).to.equal('fr-ca');
		});

		it('should trigger change listeners', (done) => {
			documentLocaleSettings.addChangeListener(() => {
				expect(documentLocaleSettings.language).to.equal('fr-ca');
				done();
			});
			documentLocaleSettings.language = 'fr-ca';
		});

		it('should not trigger change listeners if normalized value does not change', (done) => {
			documentLocaleSettings.language = 'en';
			documentLocaleSettings.addChangeListener(() => {
				expect(documentLocaleSettings.language).to.equal('fr-fr');
				done();
			});
			documentLocaleSettings.language = 'EN ';
			documentLocaleSettings.language = 'fr-fr';
		});

		[undefined, null].forEach((locale) => {
			it(`should normalize "${locale}" to null`, () => {
				documentLocaleSettings.language = locale;
				expect(documentLocaleSettings.language).to.be.null;
			});
		});

		[
			'en-US',
			'EN-us',
			'  en-Us ',
			'en-ab-cd-ef-US'
		].forEach((locale) => {
			it(`should normalize "${locale}" to "en-us"`, () => {
				documentLocaleSettings.language = locale;
				expect(documentLocaleSettings.language).to.equal('en-us');
			});
		});

	});

});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
XPO Logistics to settle class action suit for $16.5M over driver classification
Jennifer Carsen Contributor
A class of approximately 847 current and former delivery drivers will receive a payout of $16.5 million as XPO Logistics settled federal and California wage and hour claims (Carter v. XPO Logistics, Inc., No. 16-cv-01231-WHO (N.D. Calif. June 27, 2019)).
The drivers claim they were employees entitled to minimum wage and overtime pay but were required to sign Delivery Service Agreements that misclassified them as independent contractors.
The employer is not admitting any fault or wrongdoing as part of the settlement. In an unrelated incident, XPO recently shut down a Tennessee warehouse amid allegations of sexual harassment and pregnancy bias.
Employers have to be careful about classifying workers as independent contractors. Enforcement agencies and courts use a variety of different tests, but most boil down to how much control an employer exerts — or has a right to exert — over someone's work and working conditions.
Even a written agreement stipulating independent contractor status will not negate a finding of an employment relationship if the facts point in that direction. In a recent case involving 7-Eleven, the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that a trial court incorrectly focused on an agreement between 7-Eleven and its franchisees instead of looking at how much control 7-Eleven actually exerted over the franchisees.
Another court recently concluded, similarly, that a signed independent contractor form did not trump a delivery driver's claims that he was actually an employee.
Earlier this year, Flowers Foods agreed to pay out $9 million to settle allegations that it misclassified its distributors as independent contractors. Flower Foods controlled all aspects of the distributors' relationships with the company and their customers, the plaintiffs claimed, supporting a finding that they were actually employees who were entitled to overtime pay.
In light of a new California bill seeking to codify a new independent contractor test at the state level, employers around the country may want to review their current practices relating to independent contractors to ensure they are legally sound.
Filed Under: Compliance
Top trends in compensation
As employees retain the upper hand in the labor market, pay equity and pay transparency have taken center stage.
Photo by Tima Miroshnichenko on Pexels
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Jessie Raes (31 januari 1990) is een Belgische voormalige atlete, die gespecialiseerd was in de middellange afstand. Zij werd eenmaal Belgisch kampioene.

Loopbaan
Raes werd in 2008 voor het eerst Belgisch kampioene op de 400 m horden. Het jaar nadien nam ze op dat nummer deel aan de Europese kampioenschappen U20 in Novi Sad.  Ze werd uitgeschakeld in de series. Op de 4 x 400 m estafette werd ze met de Belgische ploeg vijfde in de finale. Later schakelde ze over naar de 800 m, maar op die afstand slaagde ze er niet in Belgisch kampioene te worden.

Raes was aangesloten bij Houtland Atletiekclub.

Belgische kampioenschappen
Outdoor

Persoonlijke records
Outdoor

Indoor

Palmares

400 m
2008:  BK indoor AC – 57,39 s
2009:  BK indoor AC – 56,80 s

800 m
2016:  BK indoor AC – 2.14,99
2016:  BK AC – 2.12,19

400 m horden
2008:  BK AC – 59,90 s
2009:  BK AC – 60,42 s
2009: 5e in series EK U20 te Novi Sad – 59,92 s

4 x 400 m
2009: 5e EK U20 te Novi Sad – 3.41,86

Belgisch middellangeafstandsloper
Belgisch hordeloper

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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