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Ultrafast laser spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique that uses ultrashort pulse lasers for the study of dynamics on extremely short time scales (attoseconds to nanoseconds). Different methods are used to examine the dynamics of charge carriers, atoms, and molecules. Many different procedures have been developed spanning different time scales and photon energy ranges; some common methods are listed below.

Attosecond-to-picosecond spectroscopy
Dynamics on the as to fs time scale are in general too fast to be measured electronically. Most measurements are done by employing a sequence of ultrashort light pulses to initiate a process and record its dynamics. The temporal width (duration) of the light pulses has to be on the same scale as the dynamics that are to be measured or even shorter.

Light sources

Titanium-sapphire laser
Ti-sapphire lasers are tunable lasers that emit red and near-infrared light (700 nm- 1100 nm).Ti-sapphire laser oscillators use Ti doped-sapphire crystals as a gain medium and Kerr-lens mode-locking to achieve sub-picosecond light pulses. Typical Ti:sapphire oscillator pulses have nJ energy and repetition rates 70-100 MHz. Chirped pulse amplification through regenerative amplification can be used to attain higher pulse energies. For amplification, laser pulses from the Ti:sapphire oscillator must first be stretched in time to prevent damage to optics, and then are injected into the cavity of another laser where pulses are amplified at a lower repetition rate. Regeneratively amplified pulses can be further amplified in a multi-pass amplifier. Following amplification, the pulses are recompressed to pulse widths similar to the original pulse widths.

Dye laser
A dye laser is a four-level laser that uses an organic dye as the gain medium. Pumped by a laser with a fixed wavelength, due to various dye types you use, different dye lasers can emit beams with different wavelengths. A ring laser design is most often used in a dye laser system. Also, tuning elements, such as a diffraction grating or prism, are usually incorporated in the cavity. This allows only light in a very narrow frequency range to resonate in the cavity and be emitted as laser emission. The wide tunability range, high output power, and pulsed or CW operation make the dye laser particularly useful in many physical & chemical studies.

Fiber laser
A fiber laser is usually generated first from a laser diode. The laser diode then couples the light into a fiber where it will be confined. Different wavelengths can be achieved with the use of doped fiber. The pump light from the laser diode will excite a state in the doped fiber which can then drop in energy causing a specific wavelength to be emitted. This wavelength may be different from that of the pump light and more useful for a particular experiment.

X-ray generation
Ultrafast optical pulses can be used to generate x-ray pulses in multiple ways. An optical pulse can excite an electron pulse via the photoelectric effect, and acceleration across a high potential gives the electrons kinetic energy. When the electrons hit a target they generate both characteristic x-rays and bremsstrahlung. A second method is via laser-induced plasma. When very high-intensity laser light is incident on a target, it strips electrons off the target creating a negatively charged plasma cloud. The strong Coulomb force due to the ionized material in the center of the cloud quickly accelerates the electrons back to the nuclei left behind. Upon collision with the nuclei, Bremsstrahlung and characteristic emission x-rays are given off. This method of x-ray generation scatters photons in all directions, but also generates picosecond x-ray pulses.

Conversion and characterization

Pulse characterization
For accurate spectroscopic measurements to be made, several characteristics of the laser pulse need to be known; pulse duration, pulse energy, spectral phase, and spectral shape are among some of these. Information about pulse duration can be determined through autocorrelation measurements, or from cross-correlation with another well-characterized pulse. Methods allowing for complete characterization of pulses include frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) and spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER).

Pulse shaping
Pulse shaping is to modify the pulses from the source in a well-defined manner, including manipulation on pulse's amplitude, phase, and duration.
To amplify pulse's intensity, chirped pulse amplification is generally applied, which includes a pulse stretcher, amplifier, and compressor. It will not change the duration or phase of the pulse during the amplification. Pulse compression (shorten the pulse duration) is achieved by first chirping the pulse in a nonlinear material and broadening the spectrum, with the following compressor for chirp compensation. A fiber compressor is generally used in this case.
Pulse shapers usually refer to optical modulators which apply Fourier transforms to a laser beam. Depending on which property of light is controlled, modulators are called intensity modulators, phase modulators, polarization modulators, spatial light modulators. Depending on the modulation mechanism, optical modulators are divided into Acoustic-optic modulators, Electro-optic modulators, Liquid crystal modulators, etc. Each is dedicated to different applications.

High harmonic generation
High harmonic generation (HHG) is the nonlinear process where intense laser radiation is converted from one fixed frequency to high harmonics of that frequency by ionization and recollision of an electron. It was first observed in 1987 by McPherson et al. who successfully generated harmonic emission up to the 17th order at 248 nm in neon gas.
HHG is seen by focusing an ultra-fast, high-intensity, near-IR pulse into a noble gas at intensities of (1013–1014 W/cm2) and it generates coherent pulses in the XUV to Soft X-ray (100–1 nm) region of the spectrum. It is realizable on a laboratory scale (table-top systems) as opposed to large free electron-laser facilities.

High harmonic generation in atoms is well understood in terms of the three-step model (ionization, propagation, and recombination).
Ionization: The intense laser field modifies the Coulomb potential of the atom, electron tunnels through the barrier and ionize.
Propagation: The free-electron accelerates in the laser field and gains momentum.
Recombination: When the field reverses, the electron is accelerated back toward the ionic parent and releases a photon with very high energy.

Frequency conversion techniques
Different spectroscopy experiments require different excitation or probe wavelengths. For this reason, frequency conversion techniques are commonly used to extend the operational spectrum of existing laser light sources.
The most widespread conversion techniques rely on using crystals with second-order non-linearity to perform either parametric amplification or frequency mixing.
Frequency mixing works by superimposing two beams of equal or different wavelengths to generate a signal which is a higher harmonic or the sum frequency of the first two.
Parametric amplification overlaps a weak probe beam with a higher energy pump beam in a non-linear crystal such that the weak beam gets amplified and the remaining energy goes out as a new beam called the idler. This approach has the capability of generating output pulses that are shorter than the input ones. Different schemes of this approach have been implemented. Examples are optical parametric oscillator (OPO), optical parametric amplifier (OPA), non-collinear parametric amplifier (NOPA).

Techniques

Ultrafast transient absorption
This method is typical of 'pump-probe' experiments, where a pulsed laser is used to excite the electrons in a material (such as a molecule or semiconducting solid) from their ground states to higher-energy excited states. A probing light source, typically a xenon arc lamp or broadband laser pulse created by supercontinuum generation, is used to obtain an absorption spectrum of the compound at various times following its excitation. As the excited molecules absorb the probe light, they are further excited to even higher states or induced to return to the ground state radiatively through stimulated emission. After passing through the sample, the unabsorbed probe light continues to a photodetector such as an avalanche photodiode array or CMOS camera, and the data is processed to generate an absorption spectrum of the excited state. Since all the molecules or excitation sites in the sample will not undergo the same dynamics simultaneously, this experiment must be carried out many times (where each "experiment" comes from a single pair of pump and probe laser pulse interactions), and the data must be averaged to generate spectra with accurate intensities and peaks. Because photobleaching and other photochemical or photothermal reactions can happen to the samples, this method requires evaluating these effects by measuring the same sample at the same location many times at different pump and probe intensities. Most time the liquid samples are stirred during measurement making relatively long-time kinetics difficult to measure due to flow and diffusion. Unlike time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC), this technique can be carried out on non-fluorescent samples. It can also be performed on non-transmissive samples in a reflection geometry.

Ultrafast transient absorption can use almost any probe light, so long as the probe is of a pertinent wavelength or set of wavelengths. A monochromator and photomultiplier tube in place of the avalanche photodiode array allows observation of a single probe wavelength, and thus allows probing of the decay kinetics of the excited species. The purpose of this setup is to take kinetic measurements of species that are otherwise nonradiative, and specifically it is useful for observing species that have short-lived and non-phosphorescent populations within the triplet manifold as part of their decay path. The pulsed laser in this setup is used both as a primary excitation source, and a clock signal for the ultrafast measurements. Although laborious and time-consuming, the monochromator position may also be shifted to allow absorbance decay profiles to be constructed, ultimately to the same effect as the above method.

The data of UTA measurements usually are reconstructed absorption spectra sequenced over the delay time between the pump and probe. Each spectrum resembles a normal steady-state absorption profile of the sample after the delay time of the excitation with the time resolution convoluted from the pump and probe time resolutions. The excitation wavelength is blinded by the pump laser and cut out. The rest of the spectra usually have a few bands such as ground-state absorption, excited-state absorption, and stimulated emission. Under normal conditions, the angles of the emission are randomly orientated and not detected in the absorption geometry. But in UTA measurement, the stimulated emission resembles the lasing effect, is highly oriented, and is detected. Many times this emission overlaps with the absorption bands and needs to be deconvoluted for quantitative analysis. The relationship and correlation among these bands can be visualized using the classical spectroscopic two-dimensional correlation analysis.

Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and two-photon photoelectron spectroscopy
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and two-photon photoelectron spectroscopy (2PPE) combine a pump-probe scheme with angle-resolved photoemission. A first laser pulse is used to excite a material, a second laser pulse ionizes the system. The kinetic energy of the electrons from this process is then detected, through various methods including energy mapping, time of flight measurements etc. As above, the process is repeated many times, with different time delays between the probe pulse and the pump pulse. This builds up a picture of how the molecule relaxes over time.
A variation of this method looks at the positive ions created in this process and is called time-resolved photo-ion spectroscopy (TRPIS)

Multidimensional spectroscopy
Using the same principles pioneered by 2D-NMR experiments, multidimensional optical or infrared spectroscopy is possible using ultrafast pulses. Different frequencies can probe various dynamic molecular processes to differentiate between inhomogeneous and homogeneous line broadening as well as identify coupling between the measured spectroscopic transitions. If two oscillators are coupled together, be it intramolecular vibrations or intermolecular electronic coupling, the added dimensionality will resolve anharmonic responses not identifiable in linear spectra. A typical 2D pulse sequence consists of an initial pulse to pump the system into a coherent superposition of states, followed by a phase conjugate second pulse that pushes the system into a non-oscillating excited state, and finally, a third pulse that converts back to a coherent state that produces a measurable pulse. A 2D frequency spectrum can then be recorded by plotting the Fourier transform of the delay between the first and second pulses on one axis, and the Fourier transform of the delay between a detection pulse relative to the signal-producing third pulse on the other axis. 2D spectroscopy is an example of a four-wave mixing experiment, and the wavevector of the signal will be the sum of the three incident wavevectors used in the pulse sequence. Multidimensional spectroscopies exist in infrared and visible variants as well as combinations using different wavelength regions.

Ultrafast imaging
Most ultrafast imaging techniques are variations on standard pump-probe experiments. Some commonly used techniques are Electron Diffraction imaging, Kerr Gated Microscopy, imaging with ultrafast electron pulses  and terahertz imaging.
This is particularly true in the biomedical community where safe and non-invasive techniques for diagnosis are always of interest. Terahertz imaging has recently been used to identify areas of decay in tooth enamel and image the layers of the skin. Additionally, it has shown to be able to successfully distinguish a region of breast carcinoma from healthy tissue.
Another technique called Serial Time-encoded amplified microscopy has shown to have the capability of even earlier detection of trace amounts of cancer cells in the blood. Other non-biomedical applications include ultrafast imaging around corners or through opaque objects.

Femtosecond up-conversion
Femtosecond up-conversion is a pump-probe technique that uses nonlinear optics to combine the fluorescence signal and probe signal to create a signal with a new frequency via photon upconversion, which is subsequently detected. The probe scans through delay times after the pump excites the sample, generating a plot of intensity over time.

Applications

Applications of femtosecond spectroscopy to biochemistry
Ultrafast processes are found throughout biology. Until the advent of femtosecond methods, many of the mechanism of such processes were unknown. Examples of these include the cis-trans photoisomerization of the rhodopsin chromophore retinal, excited state and population dynamics of DNA, and the charge transfer processes in photosynthetic reaction centers Charge transfer dynamics in photosynthetic reaction centers has a direct bearing on man's ability to develop light harvesting technology, while the excited state dynamics of DNA has implications in diseases such as skin cancer. Advances in femtosecond methods are crucial to the understanding of ultrafast phenomena in nature.

Photodissociation and femtosecond probing
Photodissociation is a chemical reaction in which a chemical compound is broken down by photons. It is defined as the interaction of one or more photons with one target molecule. Any photon with sufficient energy can affect the chemical bonds of a chemical compound, such as visible light, ultraviolet light, x-rays and gamma rays. The technique of probing chemical reactions has been successfully applied to unimolecular dissociations. The possibility of using a femtosecond technique to study bimolecular reactions at the individual collision level is complicated by the difficulties of spatial and temporal synchronization. One way to overcome this problem is through the use of Van der Waals complexes of weakly bound molecular cluster. Femtosecond techniques are not limited to the observation of the chemical reactions, but can even exploited to influence the course of the reaction. This can open new relaxation channels or increase the yield of certain reaction products.

Picosecond-to-nanosecond spectroscopy

Streak camera

Unlike attosecond and femtosecond pulses, the duration of pulses on the nanosecond timescale are slow enough to be measured through electronic means. Streak cameras translate the temporal profile of pulses into that of a spatial profile; that is, photons that arrive on the detector at different times arrive at different locations on the detector.

Time-correlated single photon counting
Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is used to analyze the relaxation of molecules from an excited state to a lower energy state. Since various molecules in a sample will emit photons at different times following their simultaneous excitation, the decay must be thought of as having a certain rate rather than occurring at a specific time after excitation. By observing how long individual molecules take to emit their photons, and then combining all these data points, an intensity vs. time graph can be generated that displays the exponential decay curve typical to these processes. However, it is difficult to simultaneously monitor multiple molecules. Instead, individual excitation-relaxation events are recorded and then averaged to generate the curve.

This technique analyzes the time difference between the excitation of the sample molecule and the release of energy as another photon. Repeating this process many times will give a decay profile. Pulsed lasers or LEDs can be used as a source of excitation. Part of the light passes through the sample, the other to the electronics as "sync" signal. The light emitted by the sample molecule is passed through a monochromator to select a specific wavelength. The light then is detected and amplified by a photomultiplier tube (PMT). The emitted light signal as well as reference light signal is processed through a constant fraction discriminator (CFD) which eliminates timing jitter. After passing through the CFD, the reference pulse activates a time-to-amplitude converter (TAC) circuit. The TAC charges a capacitor which will hold the signal until the next electrical pulse. In reverse TAC mode the signal of "sync" stops the TAC. This data is then further processed by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and multi-channel analyzer (MCA) to get a data output. To make sure that the decay is not biased to early arriving photons, the photon count rate is kept low (usually less than 1% of excitation rate).

This electrical pulse comes after the second laser pulse excites the molecule to a higher energy state, and a photon is eventually emitted from a single molecule upon returning to its original state. Thus, the longer a molecule takes to emit a photon, the higher the voltage of the resulting pulse. The central concept of this technique is that only a single photon is needed to discharge the capacitor. Thus, this experiment must be repeated many times to gather the full range of delays between excitation and emission of a photon. After each trial, a pre-calibrated computer converts the voltage sent out by the TAC into a time and records the event in a histogram of time since excitation. Since the probability that no molecule will have relaxed decreases with time, a decay curve emerges that can then be analyzed to find out the decay rate of the event.

A major complicating factor is that many decay processes involve multiple energy states, and thus multiple rate constants. Though non-linear least squares analysis can usually detect the different rate constants, determining the processes involved is often very difficult and requires the combination of multiple ultra-fast techniques. Even more complicating is the presence of inter-system crossing and other non-radiative processes in a molecule. A limiting factor of this technique is that it is limited to studying energy states that result in fluorescent decay. The technique can also be used to study relaxation of electrons from the conduction band to the valence band in semiconductors.

See also
Time-resolved spectroscopy
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS)
Electronic configuration
Atomic spectral line
Attosecond chronoscopy

References

External links
Ultrafast studies of single semiconductor and metal nanostructures through transient absorption microscopy, a Chemical Science mini review by Gregory Hartland
W. Becker: The bh TCSPC Handbook., Fifth Edition, 2012,  (Becker & Hickl GmbH, PDF file, 77 MB)
W. Becker: The bh TCSPC Handbook., 7th Edition, 2017 (Becker & Hickl GmbH, PDF file)
Ultrafast Lasers: An animated guide to the functioning of Ti:Sapphire lasers and amplifiers.

Ultrafast spectroscopy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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TwitchTVDownloader
==================

(Warning wrote this program to use for myself! Can be unstable!)

I suggest placing the EXE in the livestreamer catalog.

(Written in C# .net)

Downloads a list of twitch videos all parts using Livestreamer to export Json from twitch and features a concat list generator for FFMPEG to combine the files

Maximum concurrent downloads is 255 (Nothing stops this to be higher, check form1.load and change it)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Under the Hawthorn Tree
by admin | Nov 2, 2010 | Free | 7 comments
This is the first book in the famine trilogy where the Great Irish Famine is recreated through the story of three young survivors. Ireland in the 1840s is devastated by famine. When tragedy strikes their family Eily, Michael and Peggy are left to fend for themselves. Starving and in danger of ending up in the dreaded workhouse, they escape. Their one hope is to find the great-aunts they have heard about in their mother's stories. With tremendous courage they set out on a journey that will test every reserve of strength, love and loyalty they possess.
This book by Marita Conlon Mc Kenna is aimed at pupils in senior classes. These documents for the teacher contain suggestions on how to use the book as a cross-curricular resource in the Fifth Class classroom, as well as approaches to the film in the classroom. There are also worksheets for the pupils to complete.
Teaching Guide (.pdf file 131KB)
Teaching Ideas (.pdf file 77 KB)
Teaching Guide to the Novel and Film: Introduction and Episode 1 (.pdf file 349KB)
Teaching Guide to the Novel and Film: Episode 2 (.pdf file 179KB)
These resources have been made available to Seomra Ranga with the kind permission of the O' Brien Press. (http://www.obrien.ie) O' Brien Press retains the copyright of the resources.
Esther on 24/01/2013 at 12:07 pm
Hello looking at under the hawthorne tree, episode teaching guides are excellent, where would I get the episodes from? thank you
admin on 29/01/2013 at 7:24 pm
You may have to do an online search for the DVD at this stage.
Ruth on 18/02/2014 at 11:22 pm
It's available from http://www.bookdepository.co.uk
Susan McDonnell on 21/05/2018 at 12:12 pm
Unfortunately none of the teacher guides are available on the O' Brien Press website any more. The links are all dead.
Hi Susan, I've updated the links on this page and they now link to the resources on the O'Brien website.
Anne on 14/01/2019 at 10:45 pm
The links to the teacher guides are not working.
Hi Anne, I've checked the links to all of the resource material and they are all working.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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T-Mobile CEO John Legere reportedly has no plans to leave the company and take over WeWork after all
Bani Sapra
T-Mobile US CEO John Legere reportedly has no plans to join WeWork
Michael Loccisano/Getty Images
T-Mobile CEO John Legere has no plans to take over WeWork as chief exec, CNBC reported on Friday.
The We Company, WeWork's parent firm, is reportedly looking for a new chief executive to take over from Artie Minson and Sebastian Gunningham, who took over as co-CEOs after the ouster of founder Adam Neumann.
Legere, an executive known for his eccentric personality, was reportedly one of the company's candidates for the role.
Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.
T-Mobile CEO John Legere will not be leading the troubled office space company WeWork after all, a new report says.
Earlier this week, the Wall Street Journal reported that parent firm The We Company, which has been beset with a series of problems since its aborted IPO, was in talks with the famously eccentric T-Mobile CEO to fill the role of CEO.
But there are several candidates in the mix, and Legere — who is leading T-Mobile's proposed takeover of Sprint — has no plans to leave the company, according to Alex Sherman from CNBC.
Cofounder Adam Neumann was forced out as CEO of We in September, after its public offering turned into a debacle that saw WeWork's business model come under harsh scrutiny and its valuation tumble. SoftBank, We's largest outside investor, ultimately bought a majority stake of the company in a deal valuing it at $8 billion.
The Wall Street Journal's report on Monday said that We was searching for a new chief executive to replace current co-CEOs Sebastian Gunningham and Artie Minson, who took over after the ouster of Neumann.
Representatives for T-Mobile or WeWork were not immediately available for comment.
More: WeWork T-Mobile John Legere CEO]


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Home > Blog > Real Estate > Old Town Neighborhood
Old Town Neighborhood
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June 25, 2016	| Doni Perry
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When you walk through Old Town, with its historic brick warehouses that have been converted into modern offices and loft apartments, local bars and unique restaurants, it might seem as if the area had always been a popular place for locals and tourists alike. But it was the vision and efforts of members of the Wichita community that kept the area from wasting away into a derelict urban warehouse district common in so many other cities. We're fortunate to have such a charming, historical district.
Old Town sits at the eastern edge of downtown Wichita, spanning the area from Douglas to Central between Washington and Santa Fe.
The Old Town District wasn't always the thriving urban hub we see today. When Wichita was founded in 1870, it was a major stop on the cattle trails going into and out of Texas. Just as in other towns along the Chisholm Trail, the railroad soon followed the cowboys. The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe railway began operating in Wichita in 1872, running south from Central Avenue. Other tracks were added for the Frisco and Rock Island railroads, and the corridor became a large, thriving warehouse district serving the meat packing, real estate and tanning industries. The area was home to the manufacturing, distribution and retail services of companies like International Harvester and the Coleman Lamp Company.
Unfortunately, the railroad boom died out just as the cattle drives did, although not as quickly. Beginning in the late 1950s, the development of the country's interstate highway system caused a shift in the shipping industry from rail to trucks. This led to the construction of new warehouses on the outskirts of town, where they were easily accessible from the highway. Eventually, 70% of the historic brick shops and warehouses in the current Old Town neighborhood sat vacant and boarded up.
Fortunately, a group of Wichita community members envisioned a new life waiting to be uncovered in the abandoned buildings and empty streets. They wanted to create a mixed-use district that would house commercial and residential properties. In 1983, after nearly a decade of meetings and planning sessions, the Old Town Association, along with area business leaders and citizens, unveiled the Old Town Development Plan. This established the urban design standards for today's Old Town District and outlined opportunities for creating parking, as well as how to market and fund the project.
By 1991, Marketplace Properties had been chosen as the developer tasked with making street improvements, adding better lighting for pedestrians, widening the sidewalks and developing parking lots and garages. Not detail was left unaddressed, from removing curbs to make it easier for foot and bicycle traffic to get around, to preserving the area's historic feel by paving the streets with brick and maintaining the boardwalks. The plan also included open spaces for festivals and concerts. New restaurants and other businesses continued to open in Old Town throughout the 1990s, but the area's growth had only just begun.
In 2002, the Wichita Downtown Development Corporation (WDDC) embarked on a mission to revitalize the entire downtown area, including Old Town. Part of the WDDC's ongoing efforts include developing businesses and creating a thriving urban area for people to live, work and play. The following year, 2003, was a big year for Old Town: The District was added to the National Register of Historic Places, and construction began on the $7 million Old Town Warren Theatre, one of the most prominent businesses in Old Town Square today. In addition to the movie theater, the Square features a parking garage, restaurants, apartments, offices, retail shops and an open public area complete with a splash park.
Live, Work and Play Here
Today, with more than 130 businesses including restaurants and bars and two hotels, Old Town is a top destination for Wichita locals and visitors alike. The area's cultural offerings include a theater and several galleries. If you're looking for an evening out, the clubs and bars in the area are within easy walking distance of each other. On Saturday mornings from spring through fall, you can visit the Old Town Farmers Market to shop for local produce and tasty treats. And, upscale lofts and budget-friendly apartments allow you to live close to all the action. Find a business directory and list of upcoming events at www.oldtownwichita.com, and start planning your visit!
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Ever since I was a kid, my favorite place in the house has been the kitchen.
I work with software engineering. I love building great software.
I was born and raised in Luleå, Norbotten, Sweden. I attended the University at Umeå for six years. I studied Art history, Human Geography, Informatics, philosophy and a now extinct science called Museology.
I live in Gothenburg, Sweden with my darling wife and daughter. We have two Cornish Rex cats.
Copyright © Ragnar Roos. All Rights Reserved.


The Pearl Izumi Women's Vista Pants is the perfect pair of pants for when you must dress for the destination, not just the journey. This classic five-pocket design uses soft, four-way stretch polyester twill, which moves smoothly with your body as you pedal. The wide waistband flatters the female form and is a little higher in the back for more coverage in the riding position. In addition to the classic five pockets, Pearl included a hidden zippered security pocket for important items. It is designed at an angle to place items, like your phone, behind the leg so they won't interfere with pedaling. And an eco-friendly, durable water repellent finish sheds road spray so you will look fresh when you arrive.


Information technology, software, and other hi-tech industries represent a key industry cluster in the Greater Dubuque market. Companies located here include IBM, Change Healthcare, Cartegraph, and others.
Iowa's central time zone allows companies to stretch the regular work day to conveniently service customers on both coasts, as well as Canada and Mexico.
The Greater Dubuque region is equipped with dual fiber redundancy provided by CenturyLink. If an interruption occurs, service will be routed through the secondary line to prevent downtime.
Dubuque has an estimated total of 9,403 people in these industries within the laborshed area. To learn more about the region's available workforce in the IT and Software category, please view our laborshed information.
There are more than 326,000 college students within a 100-mile radius and 32,000 in the tri-state area providing a highly-skilled workforce pipeline.
The Greater Dubuque region offers a unique, targeted, and proven employee recruitment tool for the tri-state market called AccessDubuqueJobs.com.
The State of Iowa New Jobs Training Program, administered by Northeast Iowa Community College, provides funding for various costs associated with new worker training and education.
No sales tax on computers/peripherals used in the processing or storage of data.
No sales tax on custom software.
No sales tax on interstate or international telecommunications.


text:
'use strict';
describe('Main Server Tests', function() {

	process.env.LOOWID_HTTPS_PORT = 8080;
	process.env.JASMINE_PORT = 8001;
	process.env.JASMINE_NODES = Number(process.argv[2].substring(process.argv[2].indexOf(':')+2));
	//jasmine.getEnv().defaultTimeoutInterval = 5000;
	var proxy = null;
	var mongoose = require('mongoose');
	var log4js = require('../log.js');
	var logger = log4js.getLog('test');

	var server = require('../server.js');
	proxy = require('../proxy.js');

	var WebSocket = require('ws');

	var utils = {};

	utils.testDomain = 'http://localhost:'+process.env.LOOWID_HTTPS_PORT;
	utils.logger = logger;
	utils._events = {};

	utils.addListener = function(id,eventName, callback) {
		utils._events = utils._events || [];
		utils._events[id] = utils._events[id] || [];
		utils._events[id][eventName] = utils._events[id][eventName] || [];
		utils._events[id][eventName] = callback;
	};

	utils.call = function(id,eventName, _) {
		var events = utils._events[id][eventName];
		var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2);
		if (!events) {
			return;
		} else {
			events.apply(null, args);
		}
	};

	utils.multipleDone = function(fn) {
    	utils.checkDone -= 1;
    	if (utils.checkDone===0) { fn(); }
	};
	var temp = 1; // Allow to force different nodes for owner and viewer
	var maxNodes = Number(process.env.JASMINE_NODES)+1;
	var getNextPort = function() {
		var p = 8000+(temp%maxNodes);
		temp += 1;
		if ((temp%maxNodes)===0) { temp = 1; }
		return p;
	};
	var force = Math.floor(Math.random()*2);
	logger.info(force?'Forcing alternative cluster nodes on each socket.':'Calling proxy on each socket.');
	var getWebSocketUrl = function(usrid) {
		if (force) {
			return 'ws://localhost:'+getNextPort()+'/'+(usrid?usrid:'');
		} else {
			return 'ws://localhost:'+process.env.LOOWID_HTTPS_PORT+'/'+(usrid?usrid:'');
		}
	};
	utils.connect = function(id,usrid) {
		utils.ws = utils.ws || [];
		delete utils[id]; // Delete socket id
		delete utils._events[id]; // Delete socket events
		utils.ws[id] = new WebSocket(getWebSocketUrl(usrid));
		utils.ws[id].on('open', function(){
			// Initial call in open
			utils.ws[id].send(JSON.stringify({'eventName': 'update_server_config','data': {	'room': utils.roomID	}}));
		});
		utils.ws[id].on('message', function(msg){
			try {
				var json = JSON.parse(msg);
				utils.call(id,json.eventName,json.data);
			} catch (err) {
				logger.error(err);
			}
		});
		utils.ws[id].on('close', function(){
		});
	};

	utils.disconnect = function(id) {
		utils.ws[id].close();
	};

	var dropRequestFromCache = function() {
		for (var i in require.cache) {
			if (i.indexOf('/request/')) {
				delete require.cache[i];
			}
		}
	};

	utils.getBrowser = function(id,callback) {
		utils.browsers = utils.browsers || [];
		var req = require('request');
		var browser = utils.browsers[id] = {request:req.defaults({ strictSSL: false, rejectUnauthorized: false, jar: true })};
		dropRequestFromCache();
		// Get the session ID !!
        browser.request(utils.testDomain+'/', function(error, response, body){
            expect(error).toBeNull();
            expect(response.statusCode).toBe(200);
            expect(body.indexOf('loowid.min.js')>0).toBeTruthy();
            var textCsrf = body.substring(body.indexOf('window.csrf'),body.indexOf(';',body.indexOf('window.csrf'))).replace('window.csrf = ','');
            var textUsrid = body.substring(body.indexOf('window.usrid'),body.indexOf(';',body.indexOf('window.usrid'))).replace('window.usrid = ','');
            browser.csrf = textCsrf.replace(/'/g,'');
            browser.usrid = textUsrid.replace(/'/g,'');
            browser.node = response.headers['loowid-node'];
            expect(browser.usrid.length).toBe(16);
            callback(browser);
        });
	};

	beforeEach(function(done){
		// Wait for DB Connection
		var fn = function(){
			if (proxy && proxy.isReady() && server.dbReady) {
				if (!utils.Log) {
					utils.Log = mongoose.model('Log');
					utils.WSEvent = mongoose.model('WSEvent');
					utils.Room = mongoose.model('Room');
				}
				// Removing collections before start
				if (count===0) {
					// WSEvent can't be removed (is capped)
					utils.Log.remove().exec(function(err){
						if (err) { logger.error('Log: Error removing collection!!'); }
						utils.Room.remove().exec(function(err){
							if (err) { logger.error('Room: Error removing collection!!'); }
							done();
						});
					});
				}
				done();
			} else {
				setTimeout(fn,500);
			}
		};
		fn();
	});

	// Close Test DB
	var fin = function(done){
		var wsevt = new utils.WSEvent({eventName:'shutdown',eventServer:server.serverId,eventDate:new Date(),data:null,socket:null});
		wsevt.save(function(err,obj){
			if (err) {
				logger.error('Error shuting down server: '+err);
				done();
			} else {
				// Travis run mongo by itself
				var isTravis = process.argv[2].substring(process.argv[2].indexOf(':')+1,process.argv[2].indexOf(':')+2)==='t';
				if (!isTravis) {
					// Wait 2 seconds to propagate shutdown signal
					setTimeout(function(){
						var exec = require('child_process').exec;
						exec('mongo --eval "db.getSiblingDB(\'admin\').shutdownServer()"', function (error, stdout, stderr) { });
						done();
					},2000);
				} else {
					done();
				}
			}
		});
	};

	var total = 0;
    // Wrapper of it function to count number of tests
	utils.test = function(name,fn) {
		total+=1;
		it(name,fn);
	};

	var count = 0;

	afterEach(function(done){
		count+=1;
		if (count===total) {
			fin(done);
		} else {
			done();
		}
	});

	// Test collection
	var tests = ['init','lti_room','chat_talk','chat_oembed','change_log_level','new_room','join_room','chat_room','three_room',
	             'multi_join_room','move_room','owner_leaves_room','viewer_leaves_room','blocked_room','blocked_chat',
	             'private_room','permanent_room','edit_name_room','status_room','moderated_room','room_stats'];

	// Allow run a specific test
	if (process.env.LOOWID_TEST_CASE) {
		tests = [process.env.LOOWID_TEST_CASE];
	}

	for (var t=0; t<tests.length; t+=1) {
		require('./tests/'+tests[t])(utils);
	}

});


text:
MT SAFETY ACT
FREE SAFETY TEMPLATES
A program of the following ag organizations
Montana Ag Safety | Updated July 2019
Les Graham
Graham lives in the Bozeman area. He attended Dickinson State University where he received a B.S. in Business. He received his M.S. in Business and Marketing from Montana State University. For eighteen years he served with the Montana Dept. of Livestock as Administrator and Executive Director.
He now has his own business, Les Graham and Associates, where he serves as the Executive Secretary for the Montana Association of Livestock Auction Markets. He serves as Livestock Issues Advisor to the Montana Farm Bureau and is one of Montana's Ag Safety Program trainers/appraisers.
Jim Larson
Larson lives in the Columbus area. He attended Montana State University where he received a B.S. in Ag Education. For twenty five years he taught Ag Education in Montana Schools. After retiring, Jim worked for the next eight years as a satelite imaging (GIS) expert for Stillwater County. His latest venture was as a field rep for Dairyland Seed Company.
Larson is currently serving as one of Montana's Ag Safety Program trainers/appraisers.


Home remedies. ETOH. A medication review can be very helpful Were there new medications added recently? Is the person taking medications that affect the central nervous system, including the brain. 85 year old with AD and VD: moderate stage.
The State of Texas, whose home address is 12921 Ramona Bl vd., Suite 1, Irwindale, of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code b ecause all or a substantia l part of the events or omissions giving rise to this cause of action occurred in Dallas County.
Qu est ion rp vd th en c sary documents. TIP: Tell the triage nurse A L of yur smpt , incl ud g fyo are test results to take with you. Tips from Emergency Physicians date copies in your home, car, first aid kits and wallet. Take the forms you ne ed when you go the ER.


The Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA) provides for a new status of applicant/inventor as a "micro-entity". This enables a 75% reduction in the amount of some fees to be paid in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The USPTO has just issued (19 December 2012) rule 37 CFR Part 1, section 1.29, effective 16 March 2013 that sets out the requirements.
neither the applicant nor any inventor has granted (or is obliged to grant) any right in the patent application to an entity that had a gross income more than three times the median household income in the preceding calendar year.
the applicant has granted (or is obliged to grant) any right in the patent application to a US institution of higher education.
non-profit organisations, including universities, provided there has been no transfer of rights in the patent application to someone who is not a small entity.
applications resulting from a previous employment, if the applicant assigned, or was under an obligation to assign, all ownership rights in the application to the then employer.
However, continuation, parent and divisional applications all do count towards the four-maximum.
by being employed by, or by licensing the application in some way to, a US university.
Thus, UK universities will not be eligible for micro-entity status, unless they licence or transfer a right to a US university.
The "Micro Entity" 75% discount will apply to fees for filing, searching, examining, issuing, appealing, and maintaining patent applications and patents.
The USPTO will provide a self-certification form, which would need to be filed once in any application to give the applicant "Micro Entity" status. However, micro-entity status must still apply as and when a fee is paid. That is, it ends once the conditions are no longer applicable. The USPTO will publish the applicable income limit each year.
Micro Entity Fees were included in the proposed FY 2013 fee schedule, the first fee setting by the USPTO under the authority granted by the AIA. These fees might not actually be implemented until as late as March 2013.
For further advice, please contact your usual HGF representativewith your query or Mark Lunt mlunt@hgf.com.


text:
Home > Get Involved > Our Corporate Partners
FareShare's work wouldn't be possible without the support of our corporate partners, who help us fight food waste and hunger across the UK .
Get in touch with us at [email protected] or 020 7064 8921 to discuss how you could work with us too.
Sodexo's Stop Hunger Foundation has been supporting FareShare for over eleven years as part of their global initiative across 30 countries where they operate. This flagship partnership provides FareShare with financial, in-kind support and volunteering hours UK-wide. Sodexo volunteers support FareShare at our Regional Centres and during our Tesco Neighbourhood Food Collection each year.
Watch Sodexo volunteers at FareShare London in the Stop Hunger 2016 film.
"Aspen UK strongly supports efforts to reduce food waste in our society and is committed to backing the valuable work carried out by FareShare.
The charity benefits the most vulnerable and underserved in our communities and our colleagues are fully engaged with FareShare's activities.
We look forward to continuing to play a part in reducing food waste through volunteering, food donation drives and events in our offices."
Karen Green, Chief Executive Officer, Aspen UK,
Office of the CEO and Corporate Development, Aspen Group
"When we first met with FareShare in 2011 we were deeply impressed at their achievements. However we have been astounded by how they have been able to increase their impact month on month, year on year. The surplus food FareShare redistribute is now feeding 12 million people a year! We could not have chosen to support a better partner to help break the cycle of hunger in vulnerable communities across the UK and Northern Ireland."
Anna-Leigh Heffron, Clinical Research Consultant & Food Security Ambassador, Elanco Animal Health
"We support FareShare in the North West of England, giving grants to FareShare Greater Manchester and FareShare Merseyside. Since 2009, Cargill's support has helped these two Regional Centres provide over 2 million meals in areas of high deprivation.
There is clear synergy between Cargill and FareShare – we are both committed to feeding the world in a responsible way. We will continue to work together to underpin the sustainable expansion of surplus, in-date food redistribution in the North West. We look forward to continuing our partnership and further developing engagement opportunities for Cargill employees as FareShare's model evolves and develops."


text:
Muricodrupa is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Ergalataxinae of the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

Species
 Muricodrupa anaxares (Kiener, 1836) (previously Morula anaxares)
 Muricodrupa fenestrata (Blainville, 1832)

According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) before 2019, the following species were included within the genus Muricodrupa :
 Muricodrupa fiscellum (Gmelin, 1791), now Murichorda fiscellum (Gmelin, 1791)
 Muricodrupa jacobsoni Emerson & D'Attilio, 1981, now Murichorda jacobsoni (Emerson & D'Attilio, 1981) (original combination)

The Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database (2006) also includes the following names in current use
 Muricodrupa fusca (Küster, 1868 in 1859-68): synonym of Semiricinula fusca (Küster, 1862)
 Muricodrupa pothuanii (Souleyet in Eydoux & Souleyet, 1852)
 Muricodrupa stellaris (Hombron & Jaquinot, 1854)

Taxonomy
In 1918, Iredale noted that the shell then known as Ricinula (or Sistrum) cancellata Quoy and Gaimard 1833 was synonymous with the Purpura fenestrata of Blainville, 1832.  He asserted that the species was distinct from Drupa and Morula, creating a new monotypic genus Muricodrupa.

By 2013, the genus had been expanded to several species.  Claremont et al. found the type species Muricodrupa fenestrata was related to Morula anaxares, but not to other species that had been classified into Muricodrupa.  As a result, in 2019 Houart et al. proposed renaming Morula anaxares to Muricodrupa anaxares, and removing M. fiscellum and M. jacobsoni to a new genus Murichorda.  Muricodrupa as redefined is related to a group of former Morula species now called Tenguella.

References

External links

Gastropod genera


Wiseguyreports.Com Adds "Diamond – Global Market Demand, Growth, Opportunities, Manufacturers, Analysis of Top Key Players and Forecast to 2023" To Its Research Database.
Diamond Market Global Report 2018 from The Business Research Company provides the strategists, marketers and senior management with the critical information they need to assess the global diamond market.
Where is the largest and fastest growing market for the diamond? How does the market relate to the overall economy, demography and other similar markets? What forces will shape the market going forward? The diamond market global report from the Business Research Company answers all these questions and many more.
• The diamond market section of the report gives context. It compares the diamond market with other segments of the diamond market by size and growth, historic and forecast. It analyses Expenditure Per Capita, The Diamond Market Indicators Comparison.
Data: Ratios of market size and growth to related markets, GDP, Expenditure Per Capita, The Diamond Market Indicators Comparison.


This week, we're spotlighting persimmons -- a fruit that's native to the United States as well as China, where it's inspired such poetry as Li-Young Lee's lovely ode to the fruit called, simply, "Persimmons."
"I'm a big fan of the astringent variety current at our market from Lightsey Farms out of Mexia, Texas," says Urban Harvest market manager Tyler Horne. "Did you know that most golf clubs used to be made of persimmon wood because it was so dense?"
Persimmons themselves aren't dense, however, but have a fleshy sweetness that gets even juicier the riper they get. Fully ripe persimmons can be eaten like portable puddings: Just cut off the stem on top and dig into them with a spoon.
Picking persimmons can be tricky, however, because of the huge array of different varieties available. Because of this, I'd advise you to trust the farmer who's selling you the persimmon. They should be soft and heavy when ripe, but can easily be left to ripen on your counter at home -- so if you're not going to eat them for a few days, ask for a couple of unripened fruits (if there are any) to take home.
American persimmons (unlike Chinese persimmons) can't be eaten until fully ripe. At that point, though, the juicy, apple-flavored flesh can be used in a variety of different ways, including simply cut into quarters and sprinkled with sugar as seen above.
In the Midwest, persimmon pudding is the most popular application: It's easy to prepare, makes a tasty dessert and is a lovely, unusual fall dish to bring to a potluck or simply to end a meal with at home. Joy the Baker has a terrific recipe for a persimmon pudding that she calls a "sweet and super moist bread pudding meets spice cake."


ORDER NOW & Get this Incredible pair of half elevator insoles!
ELEVATE YOURSELF - Impossible? No! Now you can get taller by ½ an inch instantly while your secret stays hidden - How? -Well, our shoe lifts are an effective alternative to elevator shoes that not only increase your height but also help experience more impact in business, social and personal life.
HEEL AND ARCH SUPPORT- These half shoe inserts for height offers reasonable heel and arch cushion and support with a combination of an increase in your height. Our customers often claimed an excellent relief from foot problems such plantar fasciitis and heel pain.
ONE SIZE FITS ALL - Shoe size is not a problem anymore , we made universal size for half elevator insoles so that it fits almost all shoe sizes, they are lightweight with non-slip design, and come in a pair (2 pcs). They are soft ,comfortable, discourage the growth of odour & easy to clean to maintain a high level of hygiene.
GUARANTEE - We offer you 100% RISK-FREE SATISFACTION GUARANTEE on our shoe lift inserts to let you buy with confidence; no questions asked. However, we are quite sure that you will find these a way better alternative to shoes that make you taller - for some wearing elevator shoes might feel little embarrassing.


It has been a dream for us to get a puppy from Xanthos! We have the highest respect for the impact that Heather has made on the breed. The ideal opportunity came with the mating to "Archie". He earned the Golden Retriever Club Top Stud Dog in the United Kingdom in 2013. This means that he produced the most champions. Kate has been such a sweetheart from the time we met her. She is eager to please and constantly happy! We expect great things from her in the show ring. The more she develops the more beautiful she becomes.
Best of Breed, Best of Sporting Group, Reserve Best in Show.
June 21, 2015 IABCA Purina Farms. Show 1, 1st place open female.
Beautifully balance female. Correct texture and condition of coat. Head nicely formed and feminine. Alert, expressive eyes. Nice chest depth development. Sound, firm assembly. Proper muscle/toning. Very strong/firm topline. Very good movement and action.
June 21, 2015. Purina Farms.
Pretty outline. Eyes, large and dark. Chest well developed for age. Level topline. Covers ground well.
Excellent breed type overall. Top quality. Has all essentials. Bright future. Good stop with head, excellent pigment. Eyes have sweet, soft expression, dark, well set and shaped. Good spring of rib and depth of chest for age. Good neck into shoulder placement. Well angulated. Strong, level, firm topline.
June 19, 2015. Golden Retriever Specialty, Purina Farms.
Balanced female with plenty of scope. Balanced head with good pigment. Well developed chest. Very good front angulation. Well developed hind end. Tail, plenty of feathering. Excellent topline. Moved with drive.
June 19, 2015. Golden Retriever Specialty Show.
Trail Creek Dog Training Club Show, La Porte, Indiana.
Kate and Sky have a great show day, June 21, at Purina Farms.
Kate going 2nd in Sporting Group!
Kate going Reserve Best of Show!
Kate going Best of Sporting Group!
Lake Country Goldens provides outstanding English Cream golden retrievers from world-class championship lines. We lend our expertise to others so that they can have quality from the beginning.
Copyright © 2019 Lake Country Goldens. All rights reserved.


text:
Lettings – Regulation Overload
by Heather Hilder on October 18, 2018
A residential buy-to-let property investment has long been regarded as a tax efficient and lucrative method of wealth creation. Anyone who was credit-worthy and had a reasonable deposit could become a landlord. Simple. But, as we know, things have changed. While property remains an excellent investment, usually yielding both respectable annual profits and capital growth, the sector has become so regulated that it has become almost impossible for the average landlord to ensure that they are "trading" legally, without the help of a specialist lettings management company.
Although our job is to find and vet and manage our landlord's investment properties, more than ever before we have had to become experts in the regulations surrounding property investment, in order to protect our clients. So if you are currently managing your own property or portfolio of properties, or you are thinking of going it alone, we'd urge you to think twice, as the implications (such as fines and unwitting criminal records) can be huge.
Here's a selection of over 120 laws and regulations that have implications for landlords:
• Housing and Planning Act 2016 (Banning Order Offences) Regulations 2018
• Housing and Planning Act 2016 (Database of Rogue Landlords and Property Agents) Regulations 2018
• Housing and Planning Act 2016
• Tenancy Notices and Prescribed Requirements Regulations 2015
• Selective Licensing of Houses (Additional Conditions) (England) Order 2015
• Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Alarm Regulations 2015
• Deregulation Act 2015
• Consumer Rights Act 2015
• Immigration Act 2014
• Growth and Infrastructure Act 2013
• Construction (Design and Management) Regulation 2012
• Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012
• Energy Performance of Building Regulations 2007 to 2012
• Social Security (Notification of Change of Circumstances) Regulations 2011
• Energy Act 2011
• Equalities Act 2011
• Misleading Marketing Regulations 2008
• Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008
• The Licensing and Management of Houses in Multiple Occupation (Additional Provisions) (England) Regulations 2007
• Housing (Tenancy Deposits) (Prescribed Information) Order 2007
• Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007
• The Administration Charges (Summary of Rights Obligations) (England) Regulations 2007
• Service Charges (Summary of Rights and Obligations and Transitional Provisions) (England) Regulations 2007
• Town and Country Planning (Control of Advertisements)(England) Regulations 2007
• Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and Inspections) (England and Wales) Regulations 2007
• Health Act 2006
• Management of Houses in Multiple Occupation (England) Regulations 2006
• Selective Licensing of Houses (Specific Exemptions) (England) Order 2006
• Licensing of Houses in Multiple Occupation (Prescribed Descriptions) (England) Order 2006
• Licensing and Management of Houses in Multiple Occupation and other houses (Miscellaneous Provisions) (England) Regulations 2006
• Housing Health and Safety Rating System Regulations 2005
• Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005
• General Product Safety Regulations 2005
• Consumer Protection (Distance Selling) Regulations 2005
• Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004
• Housing Act 2004
• The Electrical Safety Quality and Continuity Regulations 2002
• Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002
• Enterprise Act 2002
• Private Water Supply Regulations 2001
• Housing Benefit Regulations 2001
• Housing Benefit and Council Tax Benefit (Decisions and Appeals) Regulations 2001
• Child Support, Pensions and Social Security Act 2000
• Utilities Act 2000
• Building Regulations 2000
• Rent Act (Maximum Fair Rent) Order 1999
• The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
• Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations 1999
• Unfair Contract Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999
• Data Protection Act 1998
• Gas Safety Regulations 1998
• Assured Tenancies and Agricultural Occupancies (Forms) Regulations 1997
• Party Wall Etc Act 1996
• Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1996
• Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) Order 1995
• Gas Appliance (Safety) Regulations 1995
• Landlord and Tenant (Covenants) Act 1995
• Reporting of Injuries Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995
• Plugs and sockets etc (Safety) Regulations 1994
• Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 1994
• Law of Property (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1994
• Leasehold Reform etc Act 1993
• Furniture and Furnishings (Fire) (Safety) (Amendment) Regulations 1993
• Clean Air Act 1993
• Council Tax (Administration and Enforcement) Regulations 1992
• Local Government Finance Act 1992
• Council Tax (Chargeable Dwellings) Order 1992
• Council Tax (Exempt Dwellings) Order 1992
• Council Tax (Liability of Owners) Regulations 1992
• Social Security Administration Act 1992
• Water Industry Act 1991
• Environmental Protection Act 1990
• Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (as amended)
• Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990
• Electricity Act 1989
• Electricity at Work Regulation 1989
• Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations 1988
• Furniture and furnishings (Fire) (Safety) Regulations 1988
• Landlord and Tenant Act 1988
• Town and Country Planning (Use Classes) Order 1987
• Gas Act 1986
• Insolvency Act 1996 and Insolvency Rules 1986
• Business Names Act 1985
• County Courts Act 1984
• Building Act 1984
• Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982
• Rent Books (Form of Notices) Regulations 1982
• Limitation Act 1980
• Notices to Quit (Prescribed Information) Regulations 1980
• The Regulated Tenancies (Procedure) Regulations 1980
• Rent Regulation (Cancellation of Registration of Rent) Regulations 1980
• Torts (Interference with Goods) Act 1977
• Rent Act 1977
• Protection from Eviction Act 1977
• Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977
• Criminal Law Act 1977
• Control of Pollution Act 1974
• Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974
• Defective Premises Act 1972
• Misuse of Drugs Act 1971
• Cost of Leases Act 1958
• Rights of Entry (Gas and Electricity Boards) Act 1954
• Prevention of Damage by Pests Act 1949
• Leasehold Property (Repairs) Act 1938
• Public Health Act 1936
• Law of Property Act 1925
• Law of Distress (Amendment) Act 1908
• Common Law Procedure Act 1852
• Distress for Rent Act 1737
• Landlord & Tenant Act 1730
• General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679
• (Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation and Liability for Housing Standards) Bill 2018, (not yet law)
Most landlords recognise the benefit of using a specialist letting agency such as Callaways (licensed with ARLA Propertymark), as we have a deep understanding of these regulations, and hold regular training for our Lettings and Property Management teams. Part of our job is to ensure that YOU, our Landlords, are fully compliant so that you can sleep at night, knowing your investment is performing – legally!


As the Business Analyst, you will support and advise on data-driven decision making across the EU business. You will be responsible for the prioritization and execution of analyses on key performance metrics, and will help identify opportunities for optimization and growth. You will work primarily with the EU Marketing and CRM teams, but may be called upon to collaborate with teams working on all aspects of the business. The successful candidate will be self-motivated and independent, possess excellent analytical skills, and will have the ability to summarize complex ideas clearly and succinctly to a range of audiences.
Prioritize and undertake ad-hoc analyses (customer lifetime value, decile analysis, purchase behavior, etc.) through SQL queries to the internal database.
High proficiency in the full suite of Microsoft Office applications – advanced Excel and PowerPoint skills essential. Enthusiasm for sharing ideas and curiosity to understand the 'why'.
Be Passionate: Love your craft, contribute your ideas, foster debate, take initiative, our members feel this come through everything we do.
Be Entrepreneurial and Accountable: Make responsible decisions as if it were your own business, continually improve how we work and what we offer, follow-through on deliverables, proactively managing expectations, hold others to a high standard, minimize bureaucracy, respond effectively to change, challenges and the pace of our business, take ownership for our success, keep our members in mind.
Do the Right Work: Manage your tasks to meet your deliverables, organize your time so you can succeed, understand how your work impacts the business, think strategically to solve the right problems, proactively raise questions and issues that need attention, prioritize the most important work to help us achieve our goals.
Be a Team Player: Pitch in when needed, listen to others' concerns, identify dependencies within and across teams, be aware of your impact, keep others informed, collaborate effectively to ensure collective success.
Learn and Grow: Stretch and challenge yourself to keep learning, ask for help, apply feedback, look for where you can improve, keep developing in your role, continually increase your contribution to results.
Let's Not Take Ourselves Too Seriously: Work hard, but keep it fun and light-hearted, no ego, make this a great place for each other, be yourself, inspire others' best, help us not take ourselves too seriously, have a positive and constructive attitude.


text:
Crawford County Electoral Council Director Ruth Leuthold retires
By Christopher R. Tatum on	 December 29, 2021 Board Director
The first time Ruth Leuthold applied for a part-time job at the Crawford County Electoral Board office, she was not given the job.
"Dad was a member of the Central Committee at the time and he came home and said, 'They said at the meeting that they were looking for a part-time clerk at the election office,'" Leuthold recalled. early this month.
At the time, Leuthold's eldest daughter was two years away from going to college and "it was time for me to get back to work".
Leuthold applied, but the job went to Barb Blackford – who stepped down a few months later to take a position on the board. When the position reopened, Leuthold got the part-time job, earning $ 4.40 an hour. It was in 1990.
More than 30 years later, Leuthold, the longtime director of the electoral council, is retiring. His last day is Thursday.
When she joined the council staff, Leuthold was already familiar with the electoral system – her grandfather, father, and then her husband had all been members of the county central committee over the years, and her mother was a polling officer.
"So I always grew up knowing something about the process and loving it," she said.
When Joan Dilley retired in 1999, Leuthold became the director of the board.
Lots of changes over the years
Leuthold has gone through many changes over the past 30+ years. During this time, the office went through three voting systems.
When she was hired, the electoral board used a punch card system. Absentee ballots were sent along with a foam backing card and a small stylus.
The next system, AccuVote, was electronic, with a touchscreen. Eventually, a verified paper audit trail was added, but the printers it used caused problems for election workers.
"They were an add-on, and they were falling out – and people didn't even realize they had this," Leuthold recalls. "They could have opened that little window and checked their votes, but they didn't always remember it was there.
"But now, with the new card, what I like is that it prints your actual vote on it; it comes back to you. You can see it and see that everything is okay before you scan it. "
The ExpressVote system, which the county launched in November 2019, allows voters to mark their ballots using a touchscreen system, similar to previous machines in the county. Once each ballot is marked, it must be inserted into a tabulator-digitizer to be counted.
Deputy director fought breast cancer
Putting this system in place was part of the most stressful time of Leuthold's tenure, she said.
Immediately after the delivery of the new system in early June 2019, the deputy director of the electoral board, Kim Rudd, was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma, or advanced breast cancer.
"So I had this new equipment to install without it. But we had a really good staff, and everyone came together and we did," Leuthold said.
In addition to the director and the deputy director, the permanent staff of the council includes three clerks.
"But also during that time, we had a security directive from the secretary of state," she said. "It was quite extensive … we had to hire a consultant to help us, and we had to install new hardware and software on all of our equipment, an improved firewall, and register with different government services, so now our network traffic is being monitored. So it was quite important too. And then to prepare for 2020. "
Rudd – who will take over as director of the board on January 1 – returned to work just in time for the November 2019 general election.
"Most stressful day:" March 16, 2020
Then came 2020, and the COVID-19 pandemic.
"The most stressful day was March 16, the day before the primary elections," Leuthold said. "The day before the election is always stressful because we still have people trying to vote here, and we are trying to transport all of our equipment to our polling stations and get everything set up – lots of last minute things to do.
"So that day we had all the equipment delivered and it was set up. And we heard on the news that the governor canceled the primary elections, so we quickly call all of our rovers and say," Take your broken down gear. '"
Throughout the day, they responded to calls from election officials who did not want to work the next day because of the pandemic.
"Then we get a call from the secretary of state saying he's appealing, so we call our rovers and they put the equipment back in place," she laughed. "And again, we think it's done, and we ask them to take them apart and then put them back in. It wasn't really until 11:30 pm that night that we knew that for sure. , the equipment was, I think, most of the time put back in. And then the next day they went to take it apart.
"At 5:30 am that morning, election morning, I went to every polling station and put up a sign, in case there were any election officers we weren't in contact with. contact, or voters who did not know the polling stations were closed. So it was the most stressful day.
State officials have decided to give voters until April 28, 2020 to send out the postal ballots.
"While other places were closed and the courthouse was closed for two weeks, we were here," Leuthold said. "We never missed a day because now we had to send ballots to voters."
For council employees, the March 17 primary was not over until mid-May, when they had the official count.
"This one was unforgettable," said Leuthold.
It has also been an eventful year – several candidates have dropped out, others have had their petitions rejected. Then a race for the town hall of Galion ended in a tie.
"We've had several recounts over the years, but only twice have we had a tie, and one of them has come this year," she said. "And that's where you have to toss, pick a winner. So they tossed a coin."
Rudd had a silver dollar in his wallet so it was used for the raffle. A recount later confirmed the tie, so the result of the toss is valid, she explained.
"This year has not been as bad as last year," she said. "An easier ending, maybe."
"It was a privilege"
Having good staff made any challenges easier, she said.
"We have a great time together," said Leuthold. "We have a great staff and we get along well, so we can joke around during our stressful times, and we can complain to each other about the new election laws and continue to overcome them."
So what's next after retirement?
"Everyone asks me, 'What are your plans? And I have nothing specific, "she said." Right now we are free if the grandchildren have something in school that we want to go to, we can make it happen because they are in the Akron area and the Cleveland area. So we can't always go to everything. "
She could have retired several years ago, but wanted to participate in the commissioning of the new voting equipment. "And then the presidential election came, so I thought I should probably stay for that."
But now is the time.
"You have to enjoy the process to stay here this long," said Leuthold. "Yes, there have been stressful times, but just watching the process work has been very enjoyable. It has been a privilege to work for the citizens of our riding, and I hope they feel that our election were safe, fair and secure. "
Bridgeport resident, Queen C. Boyer, Esq. joins KEYS board of directors
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New Milford Public Library Board Appoints New Director
CPAB's CEO compensation averages $ 172,400
State Street calls for women on boards of directors around the world


Mouse not captured in Remote Desktop session.
It is however, possible to remotely manage Hyper-V from within a Windows Vista MMC snap-in upon installation of an optional update. To download the Hyper-V Remote Management Update, follow these links.
Upon installation, you will find a 'Hyper-V Manager' icon in the Administrative Tools folder on your Start Menu.
One of the passive nodes of a SQL Server 2005 cluster had died a sudden death (hard drive and RAID failed under mysterious circumstances) which necessitated a total rebuild of the failed node.
So I went ahead and evicted passive node from the Cluster Administrator on the surviving active node. After the server rebuild was over, I configured Windows clustering on the second node using Cluster Administrator. Next, I started setup on the active node (from Control Panel –> Add/Remove Programs –> SQL Server 2005 –> Change).
Now that's very helpful, isn't it?
A few minutes of head-scratching and web-searching yielded what I was missing – I was working on the servers connected via Remote Desktop! For the installation to start successfully on the remote (new) node, it should not have any active remote desktop sessions on it. I went ahead and closed all RDP sessions on the new node being rebuilt using Task Manager (Users tab) and also logged off the session that I was connected to.
Another retry from the first node, and setup now progressed without any errors.
Thats' right. No more /console switch on the Windows Remote Desktop Connection tool, MSTSC.exe, starting from Windows XP Service Pack 3, Windows Vista Service Pack 1 and Windows Server 2008.
This is because of the design enhancements in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008, by virtue of which you cannot connect to Session 0, which is the default session. Running services and user applications together in Session 0 poses a security risk because services in Session 0 run at elevated privileges and therefore can be targeted by malware that attack by attempting and exploiting a privilege escalation.
Session Zero in Windows XP/Windows Server 2003: The first user logs in to Session Zero itself.
Session Zero Isolation in Windows XP SP3/Windows Vista SP1/Windows Server 2008: First user's Session is not within Session Zero, a separate session is created, thereby improving security.
Since there is no longer the ability to connect to Session 0, the /console switch is no longer required. But, what if I want to connect to Session 0 on a Windows Server 2003/XP or earlier machine using RDP 6.1? Let's find out.
Notice that the /console option is not available, but there is a /admin option. The /admin option lets you connect to Session 0 on a remote computer that doesn't have Windows Vista SP1, Windows XP SP3 or Windows Server 2008 or later installed.
However, if you try to pull the /console switch on a Windows Server 2008 or Vista SP1 machine, you get an error "An unknown parameter was specified in the computer name field".
I hope you found this post interesting – subscribe to my blog to get instant updates on new posts!


Kids require good care and love in their growing years. Therefore, the toys they use, the games they play and even the environment they stay in is required to be very colourful, full of life and healthy for the kids. Shiksha Valley School takes pride in hosting a completely cared environment for the kids to play in their growing years.
The junior play area at Shiksha Valley School has been specially designed keeping in mind the playful nature of the kids. The games, slides, puzzles, pictures etc are all depictory of what the students learn at school but with a playful touch. The furniture is carefully crafted so that students aren't hurt while adding a touch of colours and fun to them. With a world class plat centre which is made with handpicked equipments of highest standards in safety and quality – the kids are made to play in a zone which is most relevant to their innocent selves.
As the kids of different age have different gaming requirements, the Junior Play area is smartly divided into different zones i.e. the Toddlers zones and the Junior zones to make it most enjoyable for them. With themes like Jungle book, monkeys, wonderland and more, we at Shiksha Valley School try to nurture the best in the kids for their learning while playing!


The Church is expanding at a rapid pace in Africa, Latin America, and Asia. And the Church in the Northern regions of the world needs desperately to give a complete answer to the Hope we have, for such a time as this Alexander Biblical Learning Centre.
As the Body grows, so too does the need for trained Shepherds. You may be aware of the reports that the Church in China now numbers 120 million believers and is expected to grow by 20 million additional new followers of our Messiah Jesus by 2020. Assuming these numbers to be accurate, then in keeping with a ratio of 1 shepherd to 100 lay people, the critical need is to train 200,000 new pastors. With the world's current mechanisms of bible colleges that are in place,this is an impossible task. A new method of education using social media and technology needs to be implemented. Thankfully, we have the technology to accomplish this, with you as a stakeholder we can do the task God has called us to serve others with in Israel.
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The Alexander College will refrain from providing advice about the tax or other treatment of gifts and will encourage donors to seek guidance from their own professional advisers to assist them in the process of making their donation.
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The Alexander College will not compensate, whether through commissions, finders' fees, or other means, any third party for directing a gift or a donor to the Alexander College. Every stakeholder with Alexander College will receive a copy of "Stakeholder Bill of Rights" upon request and in our yearly Achievement Report to all stakeholders.


text:
Q: Python bit manipulation to get usable data out of a lidar sensor I am trying to write a python driver for a lidar sensor that only has a package for robot OS.
I was able to get the communication working on a Raspberry Pi and I am getting the data that I need.
I never really worked with bytearrays before and even python is pretty new to me.
The received data looks like this (png), but you can take a look at the documentation (pdf) as well.
So if I'm not mistaken, I have to combine three bits into two like this:
[0x5D, 0xC7, 0xD0] => [0x5DC, 0x7D0]

I think the aforementioned robot OS library does this here, but my c++ is even worse than my python :)
After I have the correct data I want to sort it into a 2D array but that's not a problem.
Can you point me in the right direction, or just suggest how to search for a solution?
Thank you for your help

A: So here's one solution (maybe not the cleanest but it's bit-manipulation so...):
arr = [0x5D, 0xC7, 0xD0]
byte_0 = arr[0] << 4 | (arr[1] >> 4)
byte_1 = (arr[1] & 0xF) << 8 | arr[2]

I'll try to go over this step by step. The three bytes are, in binary representation:
0b0101_1101
0b1100_0111
0b1101_0000

The << operator is the shift-operator. It moves the bits to the left the specified amount. Applying this to the first byte yields:
0b0101_1101 << 4 = 0b0101_1101_0000, effectively appending four zero's at the end.
The >> operator is basically equivalent to the << operator, just shifting it the other way round. It discards bits when they would go below position 0:
0b1100_0111 >> 4 = 0b1100
Finally, the | operator is the logical 'or' operator. It performs a bit-wise or operation where each result bit is '1' if one or both of the initial bits is '1'. It is only '0' when both bits are '0'. We can make use of this to 'override' the contents of the lower four bits of our result so far. Note that I have omitted leading zero's for simplicity, but here are the numbers padded with zeroes
0b0101_1101_0000 | 0b0000_0000_1100 = 0b0101_1101_1100. And there you have your first number. Now note that this is not a byte, rather you now need 12 bits to represent the number.
The same is done with the second byte. The only thing new here is the logical and operator (&). This operator yields '1' only if both bits are '1'. We can use this to mask out a part of interest of the byte:
0b1100_0111 & 0x1111 = 0b0111

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
RBA wants us a bit more tipsy before it takes the punch bowl away
Clancy Yeates
Banking reporter
The financial world has recently been hugely excited about the bond markets, as yields surged on investor bets we are getting closer to the day when higher inflation drives up interest rates from record lows.
But you might wonder: how does all that market fuss affect the real economy, here and now? And are these recent moves a meaningful sign of financial conditions getting tighter?
There's a famous quote from a former US Federal Reserve governor from last century, who said the Fed's job was to "take away the punch bowl just as the party gets going." Are we really getting closer to that happening in Australia?
RBA governor Phil Lowe: A bit more imbibing please. Credit:Matt Davidson
Given property is somewhat of a national obsession, one way to look at this is through the prism of home loans. That's because one consequence of the recent jump in bond yields is that the number of fixed-rate home loans being advertised with rates of under 2 per cent is falling quickly.
National Australia Bank and ANZ Bank were the latest lenders to hike fixed rates this week, following similar moves from Westpac and Commonwealth Bank a week earlier.
It's highly likely there will be more fixed rate increases because the price of these loans is heavily influenced by the financial market's view on where the Reserve Bank will take the cash rate. And lately, markets have been betting interest rates will lift next year, while the RBA also this month wound back some of its extraordinary stimulus by no longer targeting a 0.1 per cent yield on three-year government bonds.
But how much do a few increase in fixed rates movements matter for the wider economy?
Some economists think they are significant enough to take a bit of heat out of the surging property market, at the same time as regulators are also tapping on the brakes to slow higher-risk lending.
ANZ Bank economists this week pointed out there has been a fixed-rate bonanza since COVID struck, so the recent changes in fixed rates matter more than they usually would. Normally, only about 15 per cent of new lending is for fixed rates, but since banks slashed the cost of these loans last year, this percentage has surged to almost half. As a result, the end of ultra-cheap rates of under 2 per cent may well cause people to be a bit less gung ho about borrowing to the maximum.
It's also true that the many people who locked in a rock-bottom fixed rate will face a sharp rise in their repayments when their fixed terms end over the coming few years.
Even so, recent hikes in fixed rates should be kept in perspective.
The cost of borrowing money remains extremely low, and the recent fixed-rate changes will, by definition, only affect people taking out new loans, not existing customers on fixed or variable rates.
Earlier this year, Reserve Bank assistant governor Christopher Kent said increases in fixed rates at the time had a "minimal" impact on broader financial conditions. Besides, new borrowers are already responding to the latest moves in fixed rates by switching back towards variable rates, where banks are now competing harder.
The fact is, the RBA's most important interest rate for influencing the economy remains the overnight cash rate. That's the rate that drives what banks charge the vast bulk of their mortgage customers, and it is still at just 0.1 per cent.
RBA governor Philip Lowe has rejected predictions he'll need to raise interest rates next year in response to higher inflation. He's repeatedly said rate rises would require wage growth to be much higher than it is now, and inflation to be "sustainably" in the 2 to 3 per cent target range. No one knows exactly when rates will rise, but he thinks these conditions will probably be met in 2024, though 2023 is also plausible.
Undoubtedly, that inevitable rise in interest rates will affect the housing market. Over the last 30 years, Australians have responded to ever-falling borrowing costs by taking out bigger mortgages, and using borrowed money to bid up house prices. When borrowing becomes more expensive, you'd expect prices to fall a bit.
But the fact households are so sensitive to even small changes in borrowing costs is also a reason why any future rate hikes will probably be gradual, and small.
Another important point is that many central banks - including ours - are going out of their way to stress that they will be patient in waiting for sustainable inflation and wage growth to return. They no longer see their job as taking away the "punch bowl" just as the party is getting started.
Ultra-low interest rates on fixed-rate loans continue to rise. Credit:James Alcock
Economist Saul Eslake explains that given inflation has been so low for so long, central banks' way of thinking has changed, and the RBA has instead made it clear it will only respond when it sees actual inflation - not just forecasts of prices going up.
"In a sense, it's almost saying actually it's the central bank's job to encourage people to get a bit tipsy before they take the booze away," Eslake says. "Phil Lowe is saying, we're all still sober - people need to keep imbibing for a bit longer."
For all the market excitement about the possibility that interest rates may rise earlier than expected, the bottom line is monetary policy is extremely loose.
Sure, financial conditions have tightened a tad. But the recent changes are baby steps in the long journey away from ultra-cheap debt.
Ross Gittins is on leave.
The Market Recap newsletter is a wrap of the day's trading. Get it each weekday afternoon.
Philip Lowe


Examples of words with the root sā-: asset, hadron, sad, sate, satiate, satiety, satire, satisfy, saturate.
Oldest form *seh2-, colored to *sah2-, becoming *sā-.
1. Suffixed zero-grade form *sə-to-.
b. sate1 from Old English sadian, to sate, from derivative Germanic verb *sadōn, to satisfy, sate.
2. Suffixed zero-grade form *sə-ti-. satiate, satiety; assai, asset, satisfy from Latin satis, enough, sufficient.
3. Suffixed zero-grade form *sə-tu-ro-. satire, saturate from Latin satur, full (of food), sated.
4. Suffixed zero-grade form *sə-d-ro-. hadron from Greek hadros, thick.


text:
St. Benedict Catholic Elementary School menu
Bell Let's Talk - January 29th
Notice to Parents regarding School Bus Transportation
Faith Development Day on Feb 4th - No School
More Info
Tuesday, Feb 4, 2020
Faith Development Day (Schools Closed)
All Day | Important Notification
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ECSD Health and Safety Fact Sheet
October 02, 2019 Read More…
100 Voices Application
January 08, 2020 Read More…
ECSD Division Prayer
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Why Choose St. Benedict Hockey Academy
Academy Calendar
Academy Fees and Budgets
Parent Weblinks
Teacher Weblinks
School Growth Plan
St. Benedict Catholic Elementary School Focus Programs
St. Benedict 18015-93 Avenue
T5T1X5
View Map Online
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Mona Dombroski
Debbie Engel - Ward 74
Block Mon Tue Wed Thur Fri
Block 1 8:50 a.m.-10:30 a.m. 8:50 a.m.-10:30 a.m. 8:50 a.m.-10:30 a.m. 8:50 a.m.-10:30 a.m. 8:50 a.m.-10:30 a.m.
Recess 10:30 a.m.-10:45 a.m. 10:30 a.m.-10:45 a.m. 10:30 a.m.-10:45 a.m. 10:30 a.m.-10:45 a.m. 10:30 a.m.-10:45 a.m.
Block 2 11:45 a.m. - 12:15 p.m. 11:45 a.m. - 12:15 p.m. 11:45 a.m. - 12:15 p.m. 11:45 a.m. - 12:15 p.m. 11:45 a.m. - 12:15 p.m.
Lunch and Recess 12:15 p.m. - 1 p.m. 12:15 p.m. - 1 p.m. 12:15 p.m. - 1 p.m. 12:15 p.m. - 1 p.m.
Block 3 1:00 p.m. - 2:15 p.m. 1:00 p.m. - 2:15 p.m. 1:00 p.m. - 2:15 p.m. 1:00 p.m. - 2:15 p.m.
Block 4 2:20 p.m. - 3:23 p.m. 2:20 p.m.-3:23 p.m. 2:20 p.m.-3:23 p.m. 2:20 p.m. - 3:23 p.m.


Removing the IR Filter from a Raspberry Pi Camera #piday #raspberrypi @Raspberry_Pi « Adafruit Industries – Makers, hackers, artists, designers and engineers!
Tonight at Reading Hackspace we spent a good hour or two dissecting the Raspberry Pi cameras and figured out how to remove the cameras IR filter, which makes it super fab for night time use with infrared LEDs, this opens up the opportunity to use it with security, wildlife and astronomy applications in mind.
Don't try this at home, we did break a camera on our first go. We took both the lens and sensor apart and tested them to find the IR filter, it sits just above the CMOS sensor. it's fairly easy to remove if you are very careful, very patient and have a good thin scalpel blade. Be incredibly careful and note all those normal H&S guidelines when using blades and also don't take these instructions as gospel as there may be a better way!
They are right that the sensor is unprotected under the lens, so you will want to avoid dust.
For me, a single edged razor, working it around the corners opposite the connector was the easiest – the lens comes off like a hinge. The filter was a different matter, fragile glass, it shattered in the corners. I probably needed to use an x-acto and be more careful.
I copied Gary's instructions under a video microscope, for a closer view.
I ended up stupidly shorted the camera after successfully getting the filter out and testing it… but third time's a charm, right?


(Tuscaloosa, Ala.) "Celebration & Preservation" is an Alabama Bicentennial Commission Commemorative project celebrating two centuries of Alabama's architectural history. Twenty-five pen-and-ink drawings of buildings from throughout the state have been created by Melissa B. Tubbs for a traveling exhibition that will be shown at six venues. The Arts Council of Tuscaloosa will host this exhibit May 4-25, 2018 at the Dinah Washington Cultural Arts Center with an opening reception taking place in the gallery on First Friday, May 4, from 5-8 p.m.
Tubbs has traveled the state photographing the buildings she selected to draw, as well as gathering their histories and facts for a 32-page catalog accompanying the exhibition. The drawings depict homes and businesses from 1820, one year after statehood, through 1997 with a project from the Rural Studio run by Auburn University. Pen and ink is a method of drawing with lines. Volume of objects and shadows are created using layers of lines know as hatching or cross-hatching. Pen-and-ink drawings encompass simple sketches to detailed, full blown drawings such as the images in the exhibition.
Gallery Hours are weekdays from 9 a.m.-noon and 1 p.m.-4 p.m.