Modern teaching methods involving group work and individualised training create new acoustic requirements for schools. These are often a challenge for existing school buildings. One of the key challenges is to reduce reverberation.
Västerängsskolan in Bålsta, Sweden, presented the additional challenge of very high ceilings. To meet the requirements for better sound, the school, in cooperation with Gyproc, mounted Gyptone INSTANT in one of the school's classrooms. The effect was significant, and now the classroom enjoys a better sound environment.
INSTANT is designed to regulate the acoustics of rooms that require both shorter reverberation time and better speech intelligibility. The latter was a particular requirement for this school in Sweden as the level of reverberation was already acceptable.
An INSTANT board can be installed in just 20 minutes, so full installation at the school was quick. Furthermore, INSTANT is a robust board and so particularly suited to school environments.
The effect was significant, and now the classroom enjoys a better sound environment.
Gyptone Sixto 60 with edge D2 is a perforated plasterboard with hexagonal perforation that, together with acoustic backing tissue, provides good acoustic properties. The board has a durable, decorative and easy-to-maintain surface.


text:
Question: How Do You Use The Word Tension?
How do you fix tension in a relationship?
Is Tension good in a relationship?
What type of word is tension?
What is the game tension?
What is a stressed syllable example?
What does it mean to be in tension?
How do you describe tension?
What does tension mean in a relationship?
Does higher string tension mean?
Is force equal to tension?
Is tension negative or positive?
How do you use the word tension in a sentence?
How do you determine tension?
How do you get rid of tension in a relationship?
What is a high tension person?
Where is the stress in the word comfortable?
Where is the stress in a word?
How do you use the word stress?
10 Tips for Solving Relationship ConflictsBe direct.
Talk about how you feel without blaming your partner.
Never say never (or "always").
Pick your battles.
Really listen to your partner.
Don't automatically object to your partner's complaints.
Take a different perspective.
Do not show contempt for your partner.More items…•.
While "tension" sounds negative, it's really a sign your relationship is changing—possibly for the better. Even when all is status quo, infusing certain kinds of tension into your marriage can shake things up in a good way. Here, experts share how to use different types of tumult to get closer with your husband.
noun. the act of stretching or straining. the state of being stretched or strained. mental or emotional strain; intense, suppressed suspense, anxiety, or excitement.
Tension is a bestselling game in the UK, now available in North America. It's a riotous race to call out words that match a given subject…but only answers matching the 10 words on the card will score. … Tension is fast and frustrating, but a fantastic fun game for everyone!
The word present, for example is a two-syllable word. If we stress the first syllable, it is a noun (gift) or an adjective (opposite of absent). … More examples: the words export, import, contract and object can all be nouns or verbs depending on whether the stress is on the first or second syllable.
(Entry 1 of 2) 1a : inner striving, unrest, or imbalance often with physiological indication of emotion. b : a state of latent hostility or opposition between individuals or groups.
What is tension? Tension is a state of mental or emotional stress, usually with an element of suspense. Types of tension: There are many different types of tension.
The first thing that leads to relationship tension is a breakdown of romantic expectations. But that doesn't mean the other person pulled one over on you. What ends up tumbling down, at least partly, is that bundle of dreams and goals you usually start a new relationship with.
Most players are familiar with the general principle that low tension gives more power and high tension gives more control. The lower tension strings stretch more during impact and thus store more energy. … The claim that higher string tension gives more control is less easy to explain.
If there are no bends in the string, as occur with vibrations or pulleys, then tension is a constant along the string, equal to the magnitude of the forces applied by the ends of the string. By Newton's third law, these are the same forces exerted on the ends of the string by the objects to which the ends are attached.
The resultant forces at the ends must be equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, along the line of the joints of the member. These forces are called axial forces. The member is said to be in compression if T is negative (ie, the forces at each end are toward each other) or in tension if T is positive.
The city is being sundered by racial tension.The tension between Amy and Jim is palpable.Tension is building up between the two communities.There is mounting tension along the border.Her scalp crawled with tension. … He suffers from nervous tension.I could feel the tension in the room.More items…•
The tension on an object is equal to the mass of the object x gravitational force plus/minus the mass x acceleration.
Then, when you're ready, try some of the following strategies to help relieve the pressure and keep your relationship afloat.Communicate with each other. … Learn to compromise. … Reassure your partner of your feelings for them. … Get a fresh perspective. … Don't be afraid to spend time apart.More items…
It is not uncommon for the Japanese to use the term "high-tension" when describing someone who is very hyper and excited.
Stress on the first syllable. Comf-, comf-. We begin with the K consonant sound, where the back part of the tongue will reach up here and touch the soft palate, kk, kk. Then we have the UH as in BUTTER vowel, where the tongue and lips are totally relaxed, co-.
The rule: When a word ends in "ic," "sion" or "tion," the stress is usually on the second-to-last syllable. You count syllables backwards and put a stress on the second one from the end.
Normally when we say "I feel stressed" it means "I feel anxious". Stress is a kind of worried feeling about life or work. But there is another kind of stress that actually helps us understand. This other kind of stress is an accent that we make on certain syllables and words when speaking English.
Are Sharks Dinosaurs?
Do prehistoric sharks still exist? The earliest megalodon
Why Do Billiard Balls Turn Yellow?
Why are pool balls colored? The cue ball is the solid
Quick Answer: Can The World Function Without Money?
What is a society without money called? Without using
Quick Answer: Why Does My Dog'S Feet Smell Like Fritos?
Do dogs know when you accidentally hurt them?
Question: What Is Another Name For Plan?
What do you call someone who prepares for the apocalypse?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Since flowers are a product of Mother Nature and due to variation in monitor resolutions, the exact color tones of this flower may vary to some degree. Package contents and prices are based on availability and are subject to change due to weather and market conditions. Your flowers will arrive looking thirsty and sleepy. This is absolutely normal. Please refer to our Flower Care tab on this product page for a descriptive process on care and handling instructions.
Due to the nature of this particular item, time constraints may affect any possible replacement. Overnight replacements may not be available.
This selection contains 100 beautiful yellow roses. The roses are stunning alone or when added to a floral arrangement.
Stems measuring 23.6 - 27.6" long with bloom sizes of at least 2"
Due to differences in monitor resolutions, there may be shade variations from the picture online.
Rainforest Alliance certified farms eliminate deforestation, protect soil and waterways and provide decent wages, housing, education and health care to workers and their families.
Before shipping your flowers, they are prepared for their journey with the proper hydration methods required.


A Huawei exec has claimed that the company sold more smartphones than Apple last December, thus overtaking it to the global number two spot.
In a report from the Indian press agency PTI Huawei India Director for Product Centre Allen Wang said ""Huawei overtook Apple in global sales volume share in December." He also reckons the margin was considerable, with Huawei claiming a 13.2% share, compared to Apple's 12%. If accurate this is also significant because December is usually one of Apple's strongest moths for iPhone sales.
Our quarterly numbers for the global smartphone market, which are derived from a combination of publicly revealed numbers and those shared by market research firms, call this claim into question, however. The Q4 2016 numbers gave Apple a global smartphone share of 17.8% compared to Huawei's 10.2%, so it seems improbable that Huawei would have done so comparatively well in December, and there is nothing in the Q1 2017 numbers to indicate growing Huawei momentum.
Meanwhile here in the UK Huawei's smartphone legal issues still haven't gone away. In April Huawei lost a licensing court case against Unwired Planet that required it to cough up some smartphone royalties or face a UK injunction on the sale of its devices. At the time Huawei insisted that was actually a good result for it thanks to the level of the award, but it looks like it still hasn't handed over any cash.
The Telegraph reports that the UK court has tired of waiting and refreshed the injunction threat, effectively telling Huawei to get a move on. Once more it's unlikely that Huawei would let things get to the point when it couldn't flog its smartphones over here but it might now be inclined to just give Unwired Planet its royalties and move on.


text:
'Watergate' water "not value for money" even at half price according to Department
Research released by The Australia Institute today reveals new information on the Commonwealth's controversial purchase of water rights in the Condamine Balonne valley for $80 million in 2017.
Rough Estimates: Analysis of Senate Estimates documents on Australia's most controversial water
Recently released documents show that the vendors in an $80 million water sale had repeatedly offered far lower prices to the Commonwealth but these offers were rejected as 'not value for money'.
Australia's Interests in the Middle East Better Served by Diplomacy than a Military Deployment
AUSTRALIA'S INTERESTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST: A presence in search of a policy
Fossil Fuel Levy for Fire Recovery Would Boost SA Jobs and Economy
A National Climate Disaster Fund, financed by a levy on fossil fuel producers, would help South Australia to recover from the current bushfire crisis and prepare for the worsening fire seasons expected in the future, a leading think tank has said.
New Tasmanian Leader an Opportunity to Change Direction on Privatisation, Transparency
The Australia Institute wishes Premier Will Hodgman, one of Tasmania's most popular premiers, all the best for his future endeavours.
The Premier can be proud of many of his achievements, particularly leading the government into a pro-renewable energy stance.
Concern about climate escalates as bushfire crisis continues: Climate of the Nation polling
The current bushfire crisis has intensified Australians' concern about climate change and its impacts, according to new polling from the Australia Institute's Climate of the Nation.
Revenue Summit 2018 - Speeches and Papers
The Revenue Summit is a special initiative of The Australia Institute that discussed the need to increase public spending to strengthen our economy and society, and how to raise public revenue efficiently and equitably.
Tax is the price we pay to live in a civilised society, but in contemporary Australia, we rarely ask how much civilisation we would like to buy and what the best new ways way to fund any increase in civilisation might be.
Read more about Revenue Summit 2018 - Speeches and Papers
Cutting through the Company Tax Cuts Guff
Below you will find all research papers on company tax cuts produced by The Australia Institute to date [updated 25.06.18]
The big four banks get an extra $7.4 billion dollars:
Australia's big four banks are some of the most profitable banks in the world and are the big winners here, getting an extra $7.4 billion dollars in the first 10 years of the tax cuts when they're already making record profits. By the 2025–26 financial year, the tax cuts for the big four banks will be $3.2 billion every year.
Read more about Cutting through the Company Tax Cuts Guff
9,500+ participate in major study of impact of same sex marriage postal survey
With the House of Representatives set to commence debate on marriage equality, The Australia Institute and the National LGBTI Health Alliance have released preliminary* results of an a major survey into the stress impacts associated with the Australian marriage equality debate during the lead up to the postal survey results announcement.
More than 9,500 LGBTIQ people and their allies (friends, family etc.) participated in the self-selecting survey which investigated stress as a result of exposure to negative messages about LGBTIQ people and same-sex marriage and how people responded to this.
Read more about 9,500+ participate in major study of impact of same sex marriage postal survey
Why a bank levy is a great idea
The South Australian state government announced in late June 2017 that it was going to follow the Federal government and introduce a levy on the big banks. Episode 19 of Follow The Money, explains why the banks can absolutely afford the levy, why it's a good idea economically and just how small the levy really is compared to -- for example -- the salaries of the CEOs of the big 4 banks.
Host: Deputy Director Ebony Bennett // @ebony_bennett
Read more about Why a bank levy is a great idea
Report: Saving mega bucks with negawatts
Australian governments are proposing to fund and build billions of dollars' worth of new electricity generation capacity as the solution to our energy security crisis
Regardless of whether investments like Snowy 2.0 or ideas for 'clean' coal power stations go ahead, these supply-side solutions will require many years to build and will have no impact on security of supply next summer (2017-18).
Luckily, there are demand-side solutions that use energy more wisely, which could potentially secure hundreds of MW of supply headroom this year.
Read more about Report: Saving mega bucks with negawatts
Tweets by @TheAusInstitute


Scientists at the University of Plymouth have been awarded access to cutting edge satellite data in order to gain a better understanding of our planet's geomorphology.
The three-dimensional global elevation model, captured using the TanDEM-X satellite mission operated by the German Aerospace Centre (DLR), provides a view of the world's mountain peaks and valley floors in greater detail than ever captured before.
Now scientists across the world have been given access to the dataset range, to assess its potential applications for fields including climate and environmental research, surveying and mapping, and infrastructure planning.
Among those scientists are Dr Sarah Boulton and Dr Martin Stokes, from the University's School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences.
The TanDEM-X satellite mission created a global elevation model which its coordinators say offers unprecedented accuracy compared with other global datasets.
Around 150 million square kilometres of land surface were scanned from space by two radar sensors orbiting in close formation, providing the level of accurate topographical data essential for all geoscientific applications.
In this video, Dr Boulton explains more about the data and its potential impact on our understanding of geological features in this region.


Hey, folks! This is the day you've been waiting for! On April 16, Raw Meat Vancouver Roller Skating returns to Royal City Curling Club, 75 East 6th Avenue in New Westminster. We'll be at RCCC from 10 AM to noon every Saturday all summer. Sessions are $12, and are always drop-in. Just come on by!
You'll love skating at RCCC. There's a full size roller derby track, plus plenty of extra space. The floor is polished concrete, and it's a joy to skate on. As always, skaters of all levels are welcome, from total beginners to experts looking for more time on eight wheels. At Raw Meat, you'll learn all the roller skating skills that you'll need to try out for a roller derby league in the fall. Skills include stops, falls, backwards skating, transitions, agility, jumps, weaving, skating with others and more. Plus, we'll through in some fun and games as well. If you aren't interested in roller derby, never fear, all of these skills will serve you well skating the seawall, too.
All skaters must have roller skates, helmet, mouth guard, and wrist, elbow and knee pads. If you have white tape on your pads from skating at Thunderbird Community Centre, remove it before you get to RCCC, and you'll have a lot more fun.
← April 9: Last session at Thunderbird, April 16: First session at RCCC!


1.1 `Company' shall mean National Custom Compounding Pty Ltd its successors and assigns or any person acting on behalf of and with the authority of National Custom Compounding international Pty Ltd.
1.2 'Customer' shall mean the Customer (or any person acting on behalf of and with the authority of the Customer) as described on any quotation, work authorisation or other form as provided by the Company to the Customer.
1.3 'Guarantee' means that person (or persons), of entity, who agrees to be liable for the debts of the Customer on a principal debtor basis.
1.5 'Price' shall mean the price payable for the Goods as agreed between the Company and the Customer in accordance with clause 5 of this contract.
(b) payment for approved Customer's shall be due thirty (30) days following the end of the month in which a Tax Invoice is dated and forwarded to the Customer's address or address for notices.
3.5 Payment will be made by cash, cheque, bank cheque, by direct credit, by credit card (VISA or MasterCard), or by any other method as agreed to between the Customer and the Company. Some payment methods may attract a surcharge.
3.6 GST and other taxes and duties that may be applicable shall be added to the Price.
4.1 At the Company's sole discretion delivery of the Goods shall take place when.
(b) the Customer takes possession of the Goods at the Customer's nominated address.
4.3 The Customer shall make all arrangements necessary to take delivery of the Goods whenever they are tendered for delivery. In the event that the Customer is unable to take delivery of the Goods as arranged then the Company shall be entitled to charge a reasonable fee for redelivery.
4.4 Delivery of the Goods to a third party nominated by the Customer is deemed to as delivery to the Customer for the purposes of this agreement.
4.5 The failure of the Company to deliver shall not entitle either party to treat this contract as repudiated.
4.6 The Company shalt not be liable for any loss or damage, due to failure by the Company to deliver the Goods (or any of them) promptly or at all, due to circumstances beyond the control of the Company.
4.7 Where the Customer has signed for Full Delivery of items, the Company will not be responsible for later claims of missing cartons.
5.1 If the Company retains ownership of the Goods nonetheless, all risk for the Goods passes to the Customer on delivery.
5.2 If any of the Goods are damaged or destroyed following delivery but prior to ownership passing to the Customer, the Company is entitled to receive all insurance proceeds payable for the Goods. The production of these terms and conditions by the Company is sufficient evidence of the Company's rights to receive the insurance proceeds without the need for any person dealing with the Company to make further enquiries.
(b) the Customer has met all other obligations due by the Customer to the Company in respect of all contracts between the Company and the Customer relating to the goods.
(e) the Customer is only a bailee of the Goods and until such time as the Company has received payment in full for the Goods then the Customer shall hold any proceeds from the sale or disposal of the Goods on trust for the Company.
9.1 Credits directly contribute to price rises and higher freight charges. Any discrepancies must be notified immediately to the Credit Department on (Tel) 1300 731 755 or (Fax) 07 5526 6207.
9.2 All stock returned for Credit (whether the stock is incorrect, damaged. or other) is to be placed aside, together with a copy of the Tax Invoice pertaining to the delivered Goods. Stock is NOT to be written on by the Customer. Resalable stock returned to the Company without correct packaging, or marked, will NOT be credited.
9.3 Stock sold as a 'unit' MUST be returned as an entire unit, unless faulty. When stock is collected by a sales representative of the Company, it is the responsibility of the Customer to ensure a numbered credit application form is received – detailing the nature of the credit, as future queries on the part of the Customer cannot be examined without this paperwork.
9.4 Customers have the option of exchanging low value credits for stock of same, or similar, value that is carried by a Company sales representative, if this is unsuitable, the Customer should apply for a standard retail credit.
9.5 Goods returned to the Company with store labels, pricing tickets or other retail markings will not be accepted for full credit.
10.1 The Customer and/or the Guarantor/s agree for the Company to obtain from a credit reporting agency a credit report containing personal credit information about the Customer and Guarantor/s in relation to credit provided by the Company.
11.1 Pursuant to Clause 3.3(b), once a Customer is approved for Credit Trading Account with the Company, the Customer will be granted thirty (30) days following the end of month in which a Tax Invoice is dated and forwarded to the Customer to effect payment in FULL.
11.2 If payment is not received by the Company in accordance with Clause 11.1 (above), then the Customer accepts that the Company may undertake appropriate action to enforce collection of outstanding debts.
11.3 Appropriate action includes, but is not limited to, use of a commercial Debt Recovery agent, the instigation of legal proceedings, or other.
11.4 The Customer understands that if such action as indicated in Clauses 11.2 and 11.3 is undertaken by the Company that ALL expenses incurred by the Company pertaining to this course at recovery action shall be borne in total by the Customer.
13.1 If any provision of these terms and conditions shall be invalid, void, illegal or unenforceable – the validity, existence, legality and enforceability of the remaining previsions shall not be affected, prejudiced or impaired.
13.2 These terms and conditions and any contract to which they apply shall be governed by the laws of Queensland and are subject to the jurisdiction of the law Courts of Queensland.
13.3 The Company shalt be under no liability whatsoever to the Customer for any indirect loss and/or expense (including loss of profit) suffered by the Customer arising out of a breach by the Company of these terms end conditions.
13.4 In the event of any breach of this contract by the Company, the remedies the Customer shall be limited to damages, which under no circumstances shall exceed the Price of the Goods.
13.5 The Customer shall not be entitled to set off against or deduct from, the Price any sums owed or claimed to be owed to the Customer by the Company.
13.6 The Company may license or sub-contract all or any part of its rights and obligations without the Customer's consent.
13.7 The Customer agrees that the Company may review these terms and conditions at any time. If, following any such review, there is to be any change to these terms and conditions, then that change will take effect from the date on which the Company notifies the Customer of such change.
13.8 Neither party shall be liable for any default due to any act of God, war, terrorism, strike. lock-out, industrial action, fire, flood, drought, storm or other event beyond the reasonable control of either party. The failure by the Company to enforce any provision of these terms and conditions shall not be treated as a waiver of that provision, nor shell it effect the Company's right to subsequently enforce that provision.


1000 Results for the Tag "Herbal"!
Herbal Care Products is a leading online herbal store providing cure for various ailments existing worldwide. We claim to be one of the best online herbal stores where you can have various facilities other than just buying the product.
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Say goodbye to Lipomas with the help of a natural formula manufactured after combining the world's best herbal ingredients together to form a mixture known as Mopical available in the form of tablets.


Our company Cost Plus World Market is in the state of Wisconsin, the city of Brookfield. The legal address of the company is 625 Main Street Brookfield, WI (Wisconsin) 53005-4702. Company Cost Plus World Market is referred to category Furniture. For more information on the work of the company Cost Plus World Market, call (262) 786-4672 .


text:
namespace Fluent.Automation.Peers
{
    using System.Windows.Automation.Peers;
    using System.Windows.Automation.Provider;
    using JetBrains.Annotations;

    /// <summary>
    ///     Automation peer for <see cref="BackstageTabControl" />.
    /// </summary>
    public class RibbonBackstageTabControlAutomationPeer : SelectorAutomationPeer, ISelectionProvider
    {
        /// <summary>
        ///     Creates a new instance.
        /// </summary>
        public RibbonBackstageTabControlAutomationPeer([NotNull] BackstageTabControl owner)
            : base(owner)
        {
            this.OwningBackstageTabControl = owner;
        }

        private BackstageTabControl OwningBackstageTabControl { get; }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        protected override AutomationControlType GetAutomationControlTypeCore()
        {
            return AutomationControlType.Tab;
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        protected override ItemAutomationPeer CreateItemAutomationPeer(object item)
        {
            return new RibbonControlDataAutomationPeer(item, this);
        }

        bool ISelectionProvider.IsSelectionRequired => false;

        bool ISelectionProvider.CanSelectMultiple => false;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


WASHINGTON — President Donald Trump, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and outgoing Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto signed the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USCMA) Friday, a trade deal that the White House has touted as a replacement for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
"This is a model agreement that changes the trade landscape forever and this is an agreement that first and foremost benefits working people, something of great importance to all three of us here today," Trump said during a signing ceremony in Buenos Aires, Argentina, the site of the G20 summit.
While the bulk of the agreement aligns with what was already on the books with NAFTA, Trump touted changes that would benefit U.S. industries.
They includes requiring a portion of all cars manufactured in the three countries to be produced by workers making at least $16 an hour, or the foreign equivalent, a step that would give the U.S. an edge in the auto industry.
Trump made renegotiating NAFTA a centerpiece of his 2016 presidential campaign and the road to the new agreement was a long and, at times, bitter one.
All three leaders, however, expressed optimism Friday.
Peña Nieto had awarded White House aide Jared Kushner, the president's son-in-law, his nation's highest honor, the Mexican Order of the Aztec Eagle, earlier that day, partially due to Kushner's role in the trade negotiations.
The agreement is still subject to Congressional approval but Trump predicted that it will move forward easily, even with the House of Representatives set to shift to Democratic control in January.
"It's been so well reviewed, I don't expect to have very much of a problem," Trump said.
Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.), however, issued a statement signaling that Democratic support is not a surefire bet.


text:
Q: Drawing DXF Arc using WPF ArcSegment I'm trying to draw an imported DXF file using WPF over a canvas.
I've been using DXFLib (available here) to read and parse various files and it seems to work really well.
I'm now in the process to draw all the entities in the DXF but I'm stuck with ARC. My problem is similar to the one in this post (some arcs are drawn in wrong direction):
DXF Parser : Ellipses angle direction
In the DXF file the ARC is stored as: Center, Radius, StartAngle, EndAngle; in WPF the ArcSegment is instead described as: StartPoint, EndPoint, Size, IsLargeArc and SweepDirection.
The latter is the one that I think cause the problem, as I'm not able to determine direction by the DXF File. In the above question is stated to use the "Extrude Direction" which it happen NOT to be included in my file.
Following the relevant code:
private Load(string filename)
{
    DXFLib.DXFDocument doc = new DXFLib.DXFDocument();
    doc.Load(filename);

    if (doc.Entities.Count > 0)
    {
        foreach (DXFLib.DXFEntity entity in doc.Entities)
        {
            if (entity is DXFLib.DXFLine)
            {
                DXFLib.DXFLine line = (DXFLib.DXFLine)entity;
                PointF start = new PointF((float)line.Start.X, (float)line.Start.Y);
                PointF end = new PointF((float)line.End.X, (float)line.End.Y);

                Line drawLine = new Line();
                drawLine.Stroke = System.Windows.Media.Brushes.LightSteelBlue;
                drawLine.X1 = end.X * scaleX;
                drawLine.X2 = start.X * scaleX;
                drawLine.Y1 = end.Y * scaleY;
                drawLine.Y2 = start.Y * scaleY;
                drawLine.StrokeThickness = 1;
                canvas.Children.Add(drawLine);
            }
            else if (entity is DXFLib.DXFCircle)
            {
                DXFLib.DXFCircle circle = (DXFLib.DXFCircle)entity;
                Ellipse drawCircle = new Ellipse();
                SolidColorBrush solidBrush = new SolidColorBrush();
                solidBrush.Color = System.Windows.Media.Color.FromArgb(255, 255, 255, 0);
                drawCircle.Fill = solidBrush;
                drawCircle.StrokeThickness = 1;
                drawCircle.Stroke = System.Windows.Media.Brushes.RoyalBlue;
                drawCircle.Width = circle.Radius * 2 * scaleX;
                drawCircle.Height = circle.Radius * 2 * scaleY;
                drawCircle.Margin = new Thickness((circle.Center.X.Value - circle.Radius) * scaleX, (circle.Center.Y.Value - circle.Radius) * scaleY, 0, 0);
                canvas.Children.Add(drawCircle);
            }
            else if (entity is DXFLib.DXFArc)
            {
                DXFLib.DXFArc arc = (DXFLib.DXFArc)entity;

                Path path = new Path();
                path.Stroke = System.Windows.Media.Brushes.Black;
                path.StrokeThickness = 1;

                System.Windows.Point endPoint = new System.Windows.Point(
                    (arc.Center.X.Value + Math.Cos(arc.EndAngle * Math.PI / 180) * arc.Radius) * scaleX,
                    (arc.Center.Y.Value + Math.Sin(arc.EndAngle * Math.PI / 180) * arc.Radius) * scaleY);

                System.Windows.Point startPoint = new System.Windows.Point(
                    (arc.Center.X.Value + Math.Cos(arc.StartAngle * Math.PI / 180) * arc.Radius) * scaleX,
                    (arc.Center.Y.Value + Math.Sin(arc.StartAngle * Math.PI / 180) * arc.Radius) * scaleY);

                ArcSegment arcSegment = new ArcSegment();
                double sweep = 0.0;
                if (arc.EndAngle < arc.StartAngle)
                    sweep = (360 + arc.EndAngle) - arc.StartAngle;
                else sweep = Math.Abs(arc.EndAngle - arc.StartAngle);

                arcSegment.IsLargeArc = sweep >= 180;
                arcSegment.Point = endPoint;
                arcSegment.Size = new System.Windows.Size(arc.Radius * scaleX, arc.Radius * scaleY);
                arcSegment.SweepDirection = arc.ExtrusionDirection.Z >= 0 ? SweepDirection.Clockwise : SweepDirection.Counterclockwise;

                PathGeometry geometry = new PathGeometry();
                PathFigure pathFigure = new PathFigure();
                pathFigure.StartPoint = startPoint;
                pathFigure.Segments.Add(arcSegment);
                geometry.Figures.Add(pathFigure);

                path.Data = geometry;
                canvas.Children.Add(path);
            }
        }
    }
}

The XAML file is sample as:
<Window x:Class="DxfViewer.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">
    <Canvas Name="canvas">
        <Canvas.LayoutTransform>
            <ScaleTransform ScaleX="1" ScaleY="-1" CenterX=".5" CenterY=".5" />
        </Canvas.LayoutTransform>
    </Canvas>
</Window>

** UPDATE **
The issue has been resolved in the following way:
ArcSegment arcSegment = new ArcSegment();
double sweep = 0.0;
if (arc.EndAngle < arc.StartAngle)
    sweep = (360 + arc.EndAngle) - arc.StartAngle;
else sweep = Math.Abs(arc.EndAngle - arc.StartAngle);

arcSegment.IsLargeArc = sweep >= 180;
arcSegment.Point = endPoint;
arcSegment.Size = new System.Windows.Size(arc.Radius * scaleX, arc.Radius * scaleY);
arcSegment.SweepDirection = arc.ExtrusionDirection.Z >= 0 ? SweepDirection.Clockwise : SweepDirection.Counterclockwise;

A: Here is the DXF reference for arcs according to AutoDesk:
Group codes Description
100

Subclass marker (AcDbCircle)
39

Thickness (optional; default = 0)
10

Center point (in OCS)
DXF: X value; APP: 3D point
20, 30

DXF: Y and Z values of center point (in OCS)
40

Radius
100

Subclass marker (AcDbArc)
50

Start angle
51

End angle
210

Extrusion direction. (optional; default = 0, 0, 1)
DXF: X value; APP: 3D vector
220, 230

DXF: Y and Z values of extrusion direction (optional)

The author of DXFLib accounted for these in his DxfArc class, so are these values not set at all at runtime?  I don't see anything in his code for setting a default value, which probably needs to be added since AutoCAD is making the assumption.
The extrusion direction has to be stored as values 220, 230, otherwise the default should ALWAYS work.  If that's not the case, I'd take a close look at how these DFX files are being run.  Are they an earlier release that doesn't support this operation?
Update:
I think the DxfArc class really should be modified to set a null ExtrusionDirection to {0, 0, 1} based on the code and your project.  I modified your main routine with the following changes and it appears to work correctly:
// Changing the class will make this less ugly
var arc = (DXFLib.DXFArc)entity;
if (arc.ExtrusionDirection.X == null ||
    arc.ExtrusionDirection.Y == null ||
    arc.ExtrusionDirection.Z == null)
{
    arc.ExtrusionDirection.X = 0;
    arc.ExtrusionDirection.Y = 0;
    arc.ExtrusionDirection.Z = 1;
}

arcSegment.SweepDirection = arc.ExtrusionDirection.Z > 0
    ? SweepDirection.Clockwise
    : SweepDirection.Counterclockwise;

When you look at the Arc in AutoCAD, the ExtrusionDirection is listed as 'Normal' under the entity's properties.

A: I would like to modify your solution since the situation was exactly same in my case and this solved it.
ARC goes always counter clockwise around the extrusion vector, which is (0, 0, 1) by default and the usual case for 2D arcs.
    arcSegment.SweepDirection = arc.ExtrusionDirection.Z > 0
    ? SweepDirection.Counterclockwise
    : SweepDirection.Clockwise;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I love potluck events at the S&A Cherokee office because we have some super skilled food MacGyvers who can take any theme and come up with a tasty treat. We put their skills to the test this year and challenged our staff to submit their suggestions for innovative ways to use up the remainder of a holiday bird — because let's face it, turkey sandwiches get old. We taste tested the entries, and these were the resounding favorites.
Inspired by the barbecue pork nachos at Raleigh Times, automotive staff writer Joe Overby thought up a decadent snack time use for turkey that resonated very well with our staff.
Chop tomatoes, onion, jalapenos and green pepper finely. Add 2-3 pinches chopped cilantro.
Squeeze juice of lime over all ingredients and stir. Set in refrigerator to blend flavors.
Warm turkey and black beans separately. Place turkey on the bottom of a medium-sized casserole dish; top with beans.
Scatter cheese on top of turkey and beans. Bake or microwave on high for 2-3 minutes or until cheese is melted.
Pour salsa mix on top.
Add a few spoonfuls of sour cream to taste. Serve with tortilla chips.
Graphic Designer Jessica Rose got in touch with her creative by crafting a recipe all her own. Her goal was to clear up pantry space from little-used items purchased for the big meal. "Knowing that making a large dinner using ingredients that are not a staple in most households may yield leftover ingredients that will more than likely get tossed, I was determined to use those ingredients in my pasta salad," she said.
"After a heavy and filling Thanksgiving day dinner, it's nice to have something to eat the next day that is on the lighter side and refreshing," she added. We agree, and the blend of flavors in this dish is surprisingly complex.
Cook the pasta according to package directions. Drain and immediately rinse with cold water to stop the cooking process. Toss with 1 tablespoon of olive oil and spread on a baking pan. Place baking pan into the refrigerator to completely chill while you assemble the other ingredients.
Separate the celery leaves from the stalks. Rinse leaves well and roughly chop. Add to a large mixing or serving bowl.
Slice the celery stalks against the grain into 2-3 inch pieces, then slice with the grain to create thin, ribbon-like strips. Add the celery to the bowl.
Dice the onion and add to the bowl.
Add pasta, turkey, raisins, cranberries and remaining 3 tablespoons of oil. Toss well and refrigerate.
Just before serving, chop the chives and add to the salad. Then heat a pan over low to medium heat and add the pecan pieces. Toast pieces until fragrant, remove from heat and add to the salad. Give one final toss, add salt and pepper to taste and serve.
"You can serve this salad atop crackers, breads or lettuce leaves or in sandwiches with your choice of additional veggies," she recommends.
Combine mayonnaise and mustard. Toss lightly with remaining ingredients; chill.
Gillen encourages substituting other combinations of meat and vegetables based on what you have on hand. "Another beauty of stir frying is that after all the prep work of cutting, chopping and measuring is done, the actual cooking time is relatively brief," he noted.
Heat 1 teaspoon cooking oil on high in a large wok. Scramble the egg and break into small pieces with a spatula. Remove the egg.
Heat 3 tablespoons cooking oil on high in the wok. Add the onions and let them cook until translucent (about 1-2 minutes), stirring occasionally.
Add the carrots and cook for an additional 1-2 minutes until the onion just starts to turn brown.
Add the turkey meat and stir-fry 2-3 minutes until heated through and slightly seared.
Add the rice and stir to coat evenly with oil and break up any clumps.
Add a few dashes of soy sauce to taste (add more if you like it saltier).
Fold in the peas and scrambled egg and heat through, stirring constantly.
Season with ground pepper to taste and serve.
Feel free to experiment and add chopped green peppers, chopped scallions, bean sprouts, hot sauce, etc.


text:
F3D-1
USAV Rank
Jet fighterClass
10 668 mCeiling
2 х Westinghouse J34-WE-34Engine
JetType
4 x 20 mm M3 cannonWeapon 1
2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombSetup 1
2 x Tiny Tim rocketsSetup 2
2 x 1000 lb AN-M65A1 bombSetup 3
92 000 Research
370 000 Purchase
10 360 / 13 861/7 990 / 10 690/2 860 / 3 826Repair
110 000 Crew training
370 000 Experts
1 700 Aces
4.1 Radars
The F3D-1 is a rank V American naval jet fighter with a battle rating of 7.0 (AB/RB/SB). It was introduced in Update 1.75 "La Résistance".
810 786 10 668 31.3 32.0 14.7 13.7 700
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
932 314 460 ~?? ~?
< 620 < 650 < 620 No radiator
0 m 1470 kgf No WEP
38 mm Bulletproof glass in cockpit front.
5 mm Steel plates in the nose.
3 mm Steel boxes in the tail.
Main article: AN/M3 (20 mm)
The F3D-1 is armed with:
4 х 20 mm AN/M3 cannons, chin-mounted (200 rpg = 800 total)
Main articles: AN-M64A1 (500 lb), Tiny Tim, AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb), AN-M66A2 (2,000 lb)
The F3D-1 can be outfitted with the following ordnance:
2 х 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 lb total)
2 х Tiny Tim rockets
2 х 1000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
The main thing to take into account when using the F3D-1 is that it is not made to combat other planes. It has four great cannons, but you will rarely be able to get them on target unless you are fighting lower rank vehicles or you manage to take an enemy aircraft by surprise. It is unsuited to the complexities of high-rank jet combat, having a poor climb rate, below average top speed and mediocre manoeuvrability. Instead, this plane works best as a ground pounder, working closely with fighters to keep it safe from harm. In other words, your team needs to have air superiority in order for you to be effective. Your cannons are effective against light vehicles and vehicle top armour. The 2000 lb bombs are powerful enough to destroy any target, allowing you to pinpoint dug in vehicles and end their game quickly. You also have access to Tiny Tim Rockets, which have extremely high penetration and post penetration damage. After dropping your payload and strafing targets, you can quickly return to base and rearm.
It is best not to linger over a combat zone, as your presence will attract the attention of players, who may spawn in fighters or SPAA and try to shoot you down. In higher rank matches, SPAA will jump at the chance to shoot down a slow, lumbering jet like you. Instead, it is best to quickly pinpoint a target, destroy it and then return to base. Keep on doing this as many times as you can. Fly low and around the edge of the map in order to avoid any anti-aircraft guns, observing the map and looking out for any potential targets. If you attract any unwanted attention from an enemy aircraft, your first point of call should be to call for help. It can save you a lot of hassle if a friendly SPAA or fighter can take out the enemy plane. If not you will need to analyse your enemy and work out if you have any advantages over it. If it is a high-rank plane like a Mig 15 or Sabre, your options are pretty limited. Your chances mostly depend on your skill to outwit your opponent, or their skill to outwit you.
Main articles: AN/APS-21, AN/APG-26
The F3D-1 is equipped with an AN/APS-21 search radar, as well as an AN/APG-26 target tracking radar. Both radars are located in the nose of the aircraft.
AN/APS-21 - Target Detection Radar
Max Azimuth
Scan Angle
45,000 m 28,000 m ±85° ±16°
AN/APG-26 - Target Tracking Radar
Azimuth Tracking
Elevation Tracking
4,000 m 150 m ±60° ±60°
I Fuselage Repair Compressor Offensive 20 mm SBC mk.I
II New boosters Airframe LFRC mk.12
III Wings Repair Engine New 20 mm Cannons MBC mk.I
IV G-Suit Cover LBC mk.I
Is equipped with the AN/APS-21 target detection radar and AN/APG-26 target tracking radar, with the best target detection range in the game
Possesses target tracking radar with favourable matchmaking characteristics
Decent bombload
Can turn better than some other jets
Good cannons
Has a tail wheel so you cannot strike tail on takeoff or landing
Can make it back to base on only one engine (you should be able to maintain ~400 kph in level flight)
Engines mounted close to the centre line of aircraft means loss of an engine has less impact on controllability
Not at all fast enough to compete with top rank fighters
Poor climb rate makes it impractical to engage bombers
Not very maneuverable at low speeds
In late 1945, the US Navy was in search of a new carrier-based fighter that was to be jet-powered and able to fly in all weather. The two-seated, twin-engine fighter was to be equipped with a radar and with specifications for a top speed of 500 mph (805 km/h), an operating altitude of 40,000 ft (12,192 m),[1] and able to detect an enemy 125 miles (201 km) away.[2] The Douglas Aircraft Company were among the many companies that were asked to produce an aircraft able to meet these specifications. Led by designer Ed Heineman, Douglas produced the designs that the US Navy thought suited best and were offered a contract for three prototypes under the designation XF3D-1, with the nickname Skyknight, on 03 April 1946.[2]
The XF3D-1 prototype made its first flight on 23 March 1948.[3] Due to the favorable performance, the plane was then ordered on May 11th for production of 28 units as the F3D-1. The first production F3D-1 was delivered in early 1950.[2] By February 1951, the F3D-1 was put into service. However, despite its status, the F3D-1 did not meet all standards for aircraft carrier operations, mainly due to underpowered engines.[3] As such, priority shifted over towards the F3D-2 variant and only 28 F3D-1 planes were produced.[2] In all, Douglas would produce 268 F3D Skyknights for U.S. service.[1]
While the F3D-1 stayed stateside to train pilots and radar operators, the F3D-2 were sent to the Korea War in Spring of 1952.[2] The F3D-2 Skyknights were assigned to Marine Corps night fighter squadrons to escort bombers in nighttime raids.[3] While there, the F3D Skyknights racked up one of the best aerial victory record in Korea for a night-fighter, even scoring the first aerial jet-to-jet night victory against a Yak-15 in 03 November 1952. Only one F3D Skyknights were shot down during the rest of the Korean War.[4]
After the Korean War, the F3D Skyknights became used as trainers or testing beds for the then-new air-to-air missiles (AAM) such as the AIM-7 Sparrow missiles. In the 1962, the F3Ds were renamed to the F-10 Skyknights, with the F3D-1 and F3D-2 being redesignated as F-10A and F-10B respectively. These would later be used in Vietnam, making the Skyknights the only jet fighter to have flown in the Korean and Vietnam War. The Skyknight's role in Vietnam was reduced, focusing more on electronic warfare with electronic countermeasure (ECM) equipment as the EF-10B in order to counter the new SA-2 Guideline surface-to-air missile. The Skyknights were also used to conduct reconnaissance over Cuba during the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis.[4]
In 1969 though, all US Navy F-10s were retired and used for testing on the new avionics systems which were implemented into the F-14 Tomcats. The Marines used their F-10s until May 1970.
[Wikipedia] Douglas F3D Skyknight
[Combatairmuseum.org] Douglas F-3D-2T2 (TF-10B) Skyknight
[Boeing.com] Historical Snapshot - F3D/F-10 SKYKNIGHT FIGHTER
[Airvectors.net] The Douglas F3D Skyknight
[Joebaugher.com] Douglas F3D-1/F-10A Skyknight
Douglas Aircraft Company
Attackers A-20G-25 · A-26B-10 · A-26B-50 · AD-2 · AD-4
Bombers A-26C-45 · A-26C-45DT · B-18A · BTD-1 · SBD-3 · TBD-1
Turboprop A2D-1
Jet Fighters F3D-1
Export ▄AD-4 · ▄Boston Mk I · ▄DB-7 · ▄Havoc Mk I
USA jet aircraft
F-4 F-4C Phantom II
F-80 F-80A-5 Shooting Star · F-80C-10 Shooting Star
F-84 F-84B-26 Thunderjet · F-84G-21-RE
F-86 F-86A-5 Sabre · F-86F-25 Sabre · F-86F-2 Sabre · F-86F-35 Sabre
F-89 F-89B · F-89D
F9F F9F-2 Panther · F9F-5 Panther · F9F-8 Cougar
Other P-59A · F3D-1 · F2H-2 Banshee · FJ-4B · FJ-4B VMF-232 · F-100D
B-57 B-57A Canberra · B-57B Canberra
↑ 1.0 1.1 Boeing. "Historical Snapshot: F3D/F-10 SKYKNIGHT FIGHTER." Boeing, Website.
↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Baugher, Joseph F. "Douglas F3D-1/F-10A Skyknight" joebaugher.com, 30 Jan. 2000, Website.
↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Combat Air Museum. "Douglas F-3D-2T2 (TF-10B) Skyknight" Combat Air Museum, Website.
↑ 4.0 4.1 Military Factory. "Douglas F3D-1/F-10A Skyknight" Military Factory, 31 May 2016, Website.
Retrieved from "https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=F3D-1&oldid=40282"
USA aircraft
Fifth rank aircraft


text:
title: "Käsienpesun ohje"
excerpt: "Käsien pesuohje"
sidebar:
    nav: "riihimenu"

modified: 2016-12-01

---
# Liite

**Pese kädet aina silloin, kun:**

- Ne ovat likaantuneet
- Ennen kuin aloitat työt teurastamolla
- Aina taukojen jälkeen
- Aina likaisen työvaiheen jälkeen
- Tarvittaessa työvaiheiden välillä ja siirryttäessä työpisteestä toiseen
- Aina niistämisen ja aivastamisen jälkeen
- Aina WC-käynnin jälkeen

Käytä desinfioivaa huuhdetta tarpeen mukaan

## Käsihygienian ylläpito työpisteessä

Kädet on pestävä ennen työn aloittamista, vaikka työskenneltäessä käytettäisiinkin kertakäsineitä.  Työpisteessä työskennellessä voi välillä joutua koskettelemaan pintoja, jotka eivät ole yhtä puhtaita kuin pakkaamaton elintarvike, mutta näkyvää likaa käsiin tai käsineisiin ei tule. Tällöin on nopeaa varmistaa käsien tai käsineiden puhtaus desinfioivalla huuhteella, jonka annostelija on asennettu työpisteen välittömään läheisyyteen.
Muista, että käsineet likaantuvat ja keräävät likaa lähes yhtä hyvin kuin paljaat kädet. Käsineet pitää vaihtaa uusiin samoilla periaatteella kuin kädet pestään.
Jos käytät pestäviä talouskäsineitä, huolehdi että käsineet menevät pesuun työpäivän päätteeksi, eivätkä jää työpisteeseen. Vaihda talouskäsineitä uusiin riittävän usein.

## Käsien peseminen – oikea käsienpesutekniikka

 1.  Kastele kädet ja levitä niihin annostelijasta nestemäinen pesuaine.
 2.  Pese kämmenet, kämmenselät, käsien sivut, sormien välit, kynsinauhat ja kynsien aluset.
 3.  Huuhtele runsaalla juoksevalla ja lämpimällä vedellä.
 4.  Kuivaa huolellisesti kertakäyttöpyyhkeellä.
 5.  Sulje hana käsipyyhkeen avulla, mikäli ei automaattihana.
 6.  Tarvittaessa ota annostelijasta desinfioimisnestettä ja levitä se käsiin.


text:
Ecce Homo — «Оце Людина!» або «Ось чоловік!» — слова Понтія Пілата про Ісуса Христа.

Класичний латинський вираз  та походить з латинського перекладу у Вульгаті грецького виразу , з яким, за Євангелієм від Івана (гл. 19) прокуратор Юдеї Понтій Пілат показав народу Єрусалима після бичування Ісуса Христа, одягненого в багряницю і увінчаного терновим вінцем, бажаючи отримати співчуття натовпу.

Тоді вийшов назовні ізнову Пілат та й говорить до них: Ось Його я виводжу назовні до вас, щоб ви переконались, що провини ніякої в Нім не знаходжу. І вийшов назовні Ісус, у терновім вінку та в багрянім плащі. А Пілат до них каже: Оце Людина! Як побачили ж Його первосвященики й служба, то закричали, говорячи: Розіпни, розіпни! Пілат каже до них: То візьміть Його ви й розіпніть, бо провини я в Нім не знаходжу!

Подія ця відбувалася пізнього ранку Страсної п'ятниці, в єрусалимській преторії поруч з вежею замку Антонія. Зараз на цьому місці розташована Базиліка Ecce Homo.

Вираз став крилатим. Його вживають, зокрема, коли хочуть вказати на положення гідне співчуттю цивілізованої людини нашого часу.

Галерея
В іконографії Ісуса Христа, Ecce Homo — назва типу зображення, що входить до циклу Страстей Господніх: Ісус страждає, у терновому вінці, що впивається шипами в шкіру, закривавлений після бичування, в руках може бути гілка, що символізує скіпетр, на плечах червона багряниця — так як Його карикатурно переодягнули царем римські солдати, що знущалися над Ним ().

Див. також
 Ecce Mono

Література

 Дж. Холл. Словарь сюжетов и символов в искусстве. М.: Крон-пресс, 1996.

Латинські вирази
Ісус Христос
Біблійні вислови
Євангеліє від Івана
Страсті Христові

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Státní znak Laosu byl v současné podobě přijat roku 1991 na základě nové ústavy. Má podobu kruhu, v němž jsou realisticky vyobrazeny zleva přehrada Nam Ngun, asfaltová silnice, rýžové pole a les, horní část kruhu vyplňuje stúpa Pha That Luang a spodní část ozubené kolo. Vše je ohraničeno věncem z rýžových klasů svázaných rudou stuhou, která nese bílé nápisy v laoském písmu: ສັນຕິພາບ ເອກະລາດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ (), ເອກະພາບ ວັດຖະນາຖາວອນ () a ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ (název státu, ).

Historie
Znak Laoského království do roku 1975 nesl stejně jako státní vlajka obraz mytického bílého tříhlavého slona na červeném pozadí.

Po nástupu Lidové revoluční strany Laosu k moci byl přijat znak vytvořený podle zásad socialistické heraldiky.

Roku 1991 se strana zřekla ortodoxní marxisticko-leninské ideologie (i když mocenský monopol si ponechala) a nahradila ve znaku srp a kladivo vyobrazením buddhistického chrámu.

Odkazy

Související články
 Laoská vlajka
 Laoská hymna

Externí odkazy

 http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/laos/laflags.htm
 http://na.gov.la/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=78&Itemid=217&lang=en
 https://flagspot.net/flags/la.html

Laos
Znak


text:
Педро Луїз Вісенсоте (), відоміший під прізвиськом Педріньйо (,  22 жовтня 1957, Санту-Андре) — бразильський футболіст, що грав на позиції захисника. Відомий за виступами в низці бразильських клубів, зокрема за «Палмейрас» та «Васко да Гама», у складі італійського клубу «Катанія», а також у складі національної збірної Бразилії. Переможець Ліги Каріока

Клубна кар'єра
Педро Луїз Вісенсоте народився 1957 року в місті Санту-Андре, та є вихованцем футбольної школи клубу «Палмейрас». Дорослу футбольну кар'єру розпочав 1977 року в основній команді того ж клубу, в якій грав до 1981 року.

У 1981 Педріньйо став гравцем клубу «Васко да Гама», з яким наступного року став переможцем Ліги Каріока. У 1983 році футболіст став гравцем італійського клубу Серії A «Катанія», утім цього сезону клуб вибув до Серії B, і Педріньйо ще два роки грав у складі «Катанії» в другому італійському дивізіоні.

У 1986 році Педріньйо повернувся до клубу «Васко да Гама», в якому грав до кінця року. Наступного року став гравцем клубу «Бангу», в якому завершив виступи на футбольних полях у 1988 році.

Виступи за збірну
У 1979 року Педрінйьо дебютував в офіційних матчах у складі національної збірної Бразилії. У складі збірної був учасником розіграшу Кубка Америки 1979 року, на якому команда здобула бронзові нагороди. Перебував у складі збірної на чемпіонаті світу 1982 року в Іспанії, проте на поле не виходив. Загалом протягом кар'єри у національній команді, яка тривала до 1983 року, провів у її формі 13 матчів, забивши 1 гол.

Титули і досягнення
 Переможець Ліги Каріока (1):
 «Васко да Гама»: 1982
 Володар Кубка Кірін: (1):
 «Палмейрас»: 1978
 Володар Кубка Жоао Авеланжа (1):
 «Палмейрас»: 1981
 Бразильський Срібний м'яч: 1979

Посилання

бразильські футболісти
Гравці збірної Бразилії з футболу
Гравці розіграшу Кубка Америки з футболу 1979
Гравці чемпіонату світу з футболу 1982
Футболісти «Палмейраса»
Футболісти «Васко да Гама»
Футболісти «Катанії»
Футболісти «Бангу»
бразильські футбольні легіонери
Футбольні легіонери в Італії
Уродженці штату Сан-Паулу


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Research: Did that beaker just moo?
Chris Young, a former computer help-desk technician living in Denver, woke up one morning in June 2004 barely able to move the right side of his body. He felt spasms in the muscles between his ribs and a painful squeezing in his torso. When he tried to walk, he had trouble lifting his right foot. "I was scared out of my mind," he recalls. A few days later, an MRI scan confirmed what Young already suspected from looking up his symptoms on the Internet: He had multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic disease in which the body attacks its own nerve fibers. The day of the diagnosis was his 29th birthday.
As his symptoms worsened over the next few years, Young frequently visited Internet forums for MS patients. In October 2007, a forum member described a new clinical trial at Johns Hopkins: Researchers would be testing cyclophosphamide, a chemotherapy drug ordinarily used to treat cancer, on patients with severe MS symptoms. By now Young had tried every known MS drug and nothing had helped. "I was dropping like a rock at that point," Young says. "So I figured, what have I got to lose?" He called the clinical trial's sponsor, Hopkins neurologist Doug Kerr, and was accepted for the study. On March 13, he was wheeled into Johns Hopkins Hospital to begin four days of intense chemotherapy.
Hopkins neurologist Doug Kerr thought HiCy might "reboot" an MS patient's immune system, allowing nerve cells to repair themselves. "The ideas was to get rid of the inflammation entirely, in one fell swoop. When the immune system comes back up, we hoped, it would begin to behave better." Before the treatment, Young's abysmal short-term memory had him trapped in a state of fuzziness similar, he says, to what students feel after pulling an all-nighter. His wife would make lists to help him remember even two or three items-and he would promptly forget where he put the lists. Five days after treatment, Young woke up in the middle of the night and "everything was crystal clear," he recalls. The fog had lifted. "It was the freshest nap I've ever had."
Within a week of treatment, he could stand in a bathtub without having to hang on to the walls. Three months after that, he was walking without a cane.
Researchers began testing low-dose, long-term cyclophosphamide treatments in the 1980s. But that approach came with serious side effects. "It took the edge off inflammation, but it also made patients much more susceptible to infection, and even tumors," explains Kerr.
He and Hopkins colleagues Richard Jones and Robert Brodsky had for years used high doses of cyclophosphamide, given over just a few days, on hundreds of patients with various autoimmune disorders such as aplastic anemia and lupus. In those patients, "HiCy" therapy reversed disease progression with minimal toxicity. Kerr thought HiCy might "reboot" an MS patient's immune system, allowing nerve cells to repair themselves. "The idea was to get rid of the inflammation entirely, in one fell swoop," Kerr says. "When the immune system comes back up, we hoped, it would begin to behave better."
They were right. Of the first nine patients they treated with a high dose of cyclophosphamide, seven had a reduction in disability after two years. The results were published in June in the Archives of Neurology. Twenty-nine patients, including Young, have now been enrolled in a second trial, with similar motor improvements and no adverse drug effects so far.
"In most therapies for MS, the goal is only to make the disease slow down a little bit. Here, people actually got better," says hematologist and oncologist Douglas Gladstone of Hematology Oncology Associates of Western Suffolk, in New York. Additional research by Gladstone, who served a fellowship at Hopkins in the late 1990s, has also shown the effectiveness of HiCy on 14 MS patients. "This potentially represents a new standard of care," he adds.
The next step for HiCy development will be a phase-3, blinded clinical trial at multiple centers, Kerr says. For those patients whose disease did not go completely quiet with HiCy therapy, his team is also working on combination drug therapies that could be used after HiCy to increase its effectiveness. "These results are quite encouraging, but we certainly need to go further," he says. "This is only the first generation of trials."
Richard Conn Henry's extraterrestrial epiphany came two years ago, at the Space Telescope Science Institute, a NASA research outpost on Johns Hopkins' Homewood campus. An old friend, Ed Weiler, now NASA's chief of science, was giving a talk in which he cast Earth's story as a science fiction tale viewed from a faraway galaxy. Suddenly, The Idea smashed into Henry like an asteroid. Henry, a professor of physics in the Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, recalls, "Ed said that in his story, there's this civilization somewhere in the galaxy that learned about our existence from observing the transit of our planet across the sun. I'm sitting there thinking, 'Holy smokes! Now I know where to look for other civilizations in the universe!'"
Clementine star tracker camera image showing celestial bodies along the ecliptic plane: (from right to left) the moon lit by earthshine, the sun's corona rising over the moon's dark horizon, and the planets Saturn, Mars, and Mercury. Richard Conn Henry thinks the ecliptic plane is the place to look for extraterrestrial life.
Photo courtesy NASA For more than 60 years, scientists have combed the skies for optical or radio signals from those hypothetical other civilizations. An aphorism coined during the 1950s by famed physicist Enrico Fermi — "Where is everybody?" — cast a spotlight on the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence, which has grown into a bona fide field of astronomical research known by the acronym SETI. Henry believes that if alien societies exist and are situated along the "ecliptic plane," which is the plane of Earth's orbit extended through the Milky Way galaxy to infinity, they might, as Weiler proposed, have noticed the circling Earth transposed against the sun. If those faraway (and presumably technologically advanced) civilizations studied our planet, they might have noted that Earth is bathed in life-sustaining oxygen, and perhaps sent radio waves in our direction hoping to contact other beings — us.
"My supposition is that if civilizations elsewhere have seen us through the ecliptic plane, they will have tried to contact us," says Henry. "If we find that they haven't after a while, then we'll likely know they're not out there." By limiting the search, Henry hopes to increase the chances for contact with The Great Beyond. "What we're doing is narrowing it down," says Henry, who compares parsing the ecliptic plane to finding a needle in a haystack by concentrating on the part of the haystack where you dropped the needle. "It's not done all that often. What we [ordinarily] see are scientists looking at the nearest stars, which I don't agree with because if civilizations were there, we certainly would have heard from them by now."
The Hopkins physicist and two other scientists — Seth Shostak, of the SETI Institute, a private research organization in Mountain View, California, and Steven Kilston, a researcher now with the Henry Foundation, a family foundation run by Henry to promote scientific education — independently came up with the idea. The trio created a stir at the American Astronomical Society's annual meeting in June by constructing a poster noting that inhabitants of any planet situated within a fraction of a degree of the ecliptic plane could detect Earth passing in front of the sun every year. Were scientists to limit a SETI search to those planets, they could narrow the focus to 3 percent of the sky. The trio has put in a request for time on the Allen Telescope Array, a radio wave-sensitive device run by the SETI Institute and the University of California, Berkeley, to search for transmissions within the ecliptic plane.
Henry has spent much of his 40-year career at Hopkins studying cosmic diffuse background radiation — rays in the universe that give hints as to its origins and physical makeup. But every now and again, "SETI finds me — I get drawn into it," he says. His hope is that a planet some 10,000 light-years away will have transmitted a signal and that earthbound scientists will detect it. But, he adds, that signal would now be 10,000 years old — perhaps from a species that no longer exists. "The odds that we find some civilization that is around our age and state of development are extremely rare, given all the possibilities," Henry says. Which is to say that, even if aliens have tried to contact us, we might still be all alone.
As a young cardiologist, Victor Almon McKusick, Med '46*, became fascinated by Marfan syndrome, a disorder that affects a small group of especially long and lean people, many of whom ultimately die of a ruptured aorta. But it wasn't the involvement of the heart's main artery that captured his interest. It was genetics. McKusick made a career U-turn to study inherited diseases such as Marfan in hope of uncovering the genetic secrets behind them.
Photo by Keith Weller Some colleagues "thought I was committing professional suicide in leaving cardiology to focus on rare and unimportant genetic disorders," he would later recall.
But McKusick, who died of cancer July 22 at age 86, was ahead of his time. He became one of the first physicians in the country to start a medical genetics clinic, which opened at Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1957. Throughout the next several decades, he would become a world leader in mapping genes and identifying those responsible for thousands of inherited diseases, including a prevalent type of muscular dystrophy and several forms of dwarfism. More than 30 years before the sequencing of genes was laid out in 2001, he called for the complete mapping of the human genome, seeing it as a valuable tool in predicting and treating a host of illnesses.
McKusick has long been regarded widely as a founding father of genetics research. His 1966 compilation of inherited disease genes — Mendelian Inheritance in Man — is now in its 12th edition, and has grown to three volumes that are continuously updated on the Internet.
remained active until last year as University Professor of Medical Genetics. His 60-year legacy at Hopkins lives on through scientists who continue to unlock the genetic underpinnings of disease, some of whom perform their work at the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine. This Hopkins research center bears his name and that of the late Daniel Nathans, a Nobel laureate and fellow Hopkins genetics researcher.
This much could be gleaned from one day spent observing Marina Piccinini's flute master class at Peabody Conservatory: If you aspire to be a flautist of the first rank, you need a deep knowledge of the standard repertoire. You should know practice books by heart. You should stand up straight and always be in control of your air stream. Don't be too reverent. Be expressive. Practice kung fu.
Marina Piccinini has taught flute master classes in Zurich for decades. This summer, for the first time she conducted a five-day class at Peabody.
Photo by Marco Borggreve Piccinini, a Peabody faculty artist and director of the conservatory's flute program, lives part time in Europe and began leading annual master classes in Zurich, Switzerland, 10 years ago. But she wanted a class that more American students could attend, so this year for the first time she conducted a master class at Peabody. On June 1, 18 students from around the country, including four high school musicians, checked into the conservatory for five days of intense study and performance.
On their second full day, students found seats in Griswold Hall for the morning session. Piccinini took the stage, surveyed the group, and said, "Is there an allergy to the first row?" A few people chuckled and moved closer to the stage. One by one, each student performed a piece of his or her choosing, standing onstage beside the seated Piccinini and accompanist Colette Valentine. A young woman named Katrina King played J. S. Bach's Sonata in C major. Piccinini listened, applauded with the audience, then asked King if she knew how to ride a bicycle. "Right now," Piccinini said, "you're on training wheels with your air stream." She pointed out a C that had sounded a bit flat because King was running out of air, and suggested that she stand more upright and not bob around so much while playing. "Whenever you do something physical, you change the music," Piccinini said.
All morning, for any piece, the teacher could demonstrate passages from memory, not just for standard works by Bach or Mozart but compositions by Sigfrid Karg-Elert and Jacques Ibert and Pierre-Octave Ferroud. She knew the standard exercise books so well she could recommend specific lessons. When she examined the sheet music King used for the Bach sonata, Piccinini noted that many of the articulation and dynamic markings, added decades after Bach by an editor, were incorrect for baroque music. "Buy clean copies not marked up by editors," she advised the room.
At the end of the day, after two rehearsal sessions, four hours with Piccinini, plus a two-hour piccolo class with Peabody faculty member Laurie Sokoloff, about 10 shy but game students assembled in a Peabody dance studio for a much different lesson. Piccinini is a dedicated martial arts student who believes musicians, whose work involves considerable stress from holding the same physical position for hours at a time, benefit from training in disciplines like yoga, kung fu, and tai chi. For her Peabody class, she imported from Vienna her friend and fellow advanced martial arts student Oluwafemi Oladeji to teach classes in breath control and relaxation. He led the students in breathing exercises and various stretches and movements to work out tension. "If you do not like pain," Oladeji told them, "breathe and ask it to leave." The students did their best, sweating in the hot studio and laughing a little as they began to feel less awkward. "Move. Shake. Shake," Oladeji advised. "It's your body, let it go. Relax. Relax." They let it go, they relaxed, and after 90 minutes they raced off to dinner.
In the face of soaring utility costs, Johns Hopkins has decided to take energy production into its own hands and get a little greener in the process. Next year, the university plans to build a cogeneration power plant on the Homewood campus to supply a significant portion of the campus's energy needs. The plant will generate 3.5 megawatts of electricity, roughly 20 percent of the campus's current peak requirements.
In 2007, the university paid energy suppliers an eye-popping $10 million to keep the lights on. David Ashwood, director of plant operations for the Homewood campus, says the proposed new plant, which will run on natural gas, could save $1.5 million annually and pay for itself in less than five years. "This is a significant money-saver for us," Ashwood says. "We looked into cogeneration as far back as 2000. What made this more viable [now] is that fuel and electricity prices have gone up dramatically in recent years. The economics never made sense until now."
"Cogeneration" refers to creation of both power and heat. Ashwood described the plant as a small jet engine. Natural gas spins a turbine that drives a generator that creates electricity. Meanwhile, a heat recovery unit captures the "engine's" exhaust to make 20,000 pounds of steam per hour. The steam will be used to heat the Homewood campus's water and its buildings, power coolers for air conditioning, and provide steam to kitchens in campus dormitories and the Hopkins Club.
The new plant, an addition to the existing campus power house, will be built on the parking deck next to Whitehead Hall. The university expects to put out a request for bid in January 2009. If all goes as planned, construction will begin the following March and the plant will come online in October 2009. State-issued bonds will help cover the plant's $7.5 million cost.
Because the plant will run on natural gas, Ashwood says it could provide emergency power to a significant portion of campus and critical facilities in the event of a blackout. "Fortunately, gas outages are very rare," he says. He also likes the plant's environmental aspects. It will reduce the campus's carbon footprint because the university will purchase less electricity from regional coal-burning power plants. Ashwood says the new plant should allow the university to turn off the power house boilers during the summer months.
Nationwide, dozens of universities have gone the cogeneration route, including Cornell, Rice, Princeton, and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Johns Hopkins will be the second university in the state to have its own cogeneration plant. The University of Maryland constructed a $70 million, 27-megawatt plant in 2003 to help reduce its own massive energy bill in College Park.
Thomas LaVeist first heard the buzz in health care circles about cultural competency in the early 1990s. Hospitals faced no end of challenges in dealing more effectively with people from a wide array of cultures. One day, it might be a patient who believes his bacterial infection has a spiritual cause and asks that his treatment include drinking green tea. The next day might bring a female patient from a culture in which women feel uncomfortable disrobing in front of male doctors. Such challenges dovetailed with his interest in studying race disparities in health care outcomes. But LaVeist, now director of the Bloomberg School of Public Health's Center for Health Disparities Solutions, was skeptical. Cultural competency was so loosely defined. Could it be measured? How could hospitals monitor how they were doing?
"Cultural competency means looking at a patient's beliefs, values, how they perceive illness, their views about when to seek medical care. LaVeist had crafted other assessment tools, including one to measure patients' appraisals of racism in health care. He decided to tackle cultural competency, and spent four years developing a tool for hospitals and other health care organizations that would gauge whether they are providing quality care to ethnically and culturally diverse patients. Called the Cultural Competency Organizational Assessment-360 (COA360), the tool is a comprehensive Web-based questionnaire that measures how well hospitals are meeting the needs of patients of different races, nationalities, religions, and tribal affiliations.
Here's how it works: Department administrators at a hospital answer 85 questions on the COA360 Web site about their perceptions of how well their organization interacts with diverse patients. Questions include: How well does the health care organization deal with the language needs of its clients/patients? How well does it deal with cultural differences? Physicians, nurses, and staff answer a subset of those questions. So do patients or their family members, and people who live in the hospital's service area. Furthermore, an administrator completes a 113-question statistical survey. The answers and data are then collated, and the final scores are compared to the cultural competency standards of the Joint Commission, the main health care accreditation body in the United States. The results help pinpoint where a hospital might be having problems meeting the needs of its diverse clientele.
Photo by Tim Christmas "The nation is changing and rapidly becoming more diverse," says LaVeist. The U.S. Census Bureau projects that by the middle of this century, whites will be a racial minority of the U.S. population; already there are four states — Hawaii, California, New Mexico, and Texas — in which whites are not the majority. "As the patient population changes, health care organizations need to change to meet the needs of different races, ethnicities, languages, cultures, and countries of origin."
LaVeist says his is the most comprehensive assessment tool of its type, and the only one that is Web based. "Much of what's being done focuses on individuals, on training health care providers to be culturally competent. But that approach may not be as effective as we need it to be," says LaVeist. "My approach is to try to create a culture within an entire health care organization that is respectful in regards to the diversity of the patients coming there."
At the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, the international call center receives more than 1,000 calls per month from Hopkins units requesting language interpretation services. But cultural competency goes beyond providing interpreters, says Nadia Sawaya, program consultant for the cultural competency program at Johns Hopkins Medicine International. "We look at every encounter as an intercultural encounter," she says. "Cultural competency means looking at a patient's beliefs, values, how they perceive illness, their views about when to seek medical care. Everyone has the best intentions to care for patients, but there are these nuances that come into play."
The COA360 is currently being tested and could become available to hospitals by this winter. Once it is complete, LaVeist wants to develop a new Web site that takes cultural competency one step further. He doesn't just want to measure it. He wants to help hospitals work on areas where they scored poorly.
"The next step is to create another site that deals with intervention, to provide hospitals with guidance on how they can improve," he says.
This summer, the Johns Hopkins community learned that Nicole Suveges, a graduate student in the Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, had died in Iraq. She and 10 others, including three Americans, were killed on June 24 when a bomb exploded in the offices of the district council in the Sadr City section of Baghdad.
Nicole Suveges Suveges, 38, was working as a civilian political scientist, advising the 3rd Brigade Combat Team of the 4th Infantry Division. She was part of the Army's Human Terrain System program, which embeds social scientists with military units to help commanders better understand local populations. According to BAE Systems, the defense company that employed her, Suveges was helping to reduce violence and to rebuild infrastructure in the area.
She was also researching her dissertation. Her adviser, Mark Blyth, an associate professor of political science at Johns Hopkins, says her academic work focused on the process of transitioning from an authoritarian regime, especially how that process affects ordinary citizens. In 2006, Suveges spent a year in Iraq as a civilian contractor and social science adviser to the military, collecting data for her thesis. Her second tour in Iraq would have supplied the rest of the data necessary to begin writing.
University President William R. Brody told students, faculty, and staff about the loss of "one of our own" in an announcement the day after Suveges' death. "Members of the Political Science Department describe Nicole as an extraordinarily bright, engaging, kind person, intellectually curious and outgoing," he said. "She also was known as an active citizen of the department, regularly attending seminars and helping to organize graduate student activities. As a former Reserve soldier herself and as a person in her mid-30s, she brought a different and valuable perspective to the intellectual life of the department."
Brody continued, "Nicole was committed to using her learning and experience to make the world a better place, especially for people who have suffered through war and conflict. In that, she exemplifies all that we seek to do at Johns Hopkins: to use knowledge for the good of humanity."
Suveges is survived by her husband, retired Army Master Sgt. David Iverson, her two stepdaughters, and her parents.Iverson is creating the Nicole Suveges Fellowship at Johns Hopkins. Though the planning is in the very early stages, he says the fellowship will support national and international field work for political science graduate students.
For most of 18 centuries, China was a world power, a major player in the global economy. But beginning with the First Opium War, from 1839 to 1842, the country entered a long period of national weakness. Now China has the world's fastest growing major economy and continues to invest significantly in modernizing its military.
The U.S., says David Lampton, is too concerned with China's military power and needs to compete better economically and intellectually.
Photo © Jupiter Images Corporation David M. Lampton, director of China studies and dean of faculty at the Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, begins his latest book, The Three Faces of Chinese Power: Might, Money, and Minds (University of California Press, 2008), by adapting political theorist Joseph Nye's definition of power as "the ability to define and achieve one's purposes or goals." After speaking with dozens of senior policymakers, mid-level officers, scholars, government officials, and policy analysts in China, countries on its periphery, and the United States, Lampton says it is clear that Chinese officials are looking for modernization to boost not only China's armed might, but also its economic and intellectual power. In his view, the United States seems too concerned about the first and insufficiently attentive to the rest. And he thinks that is a mistake.
"Maybe since 9/11, maybe as a result of the Cold War, we gradually put more importance on the coercive elements of power," he says. "Seeing the largest [U.S.] problem with China as its military is unwarranted." Lampton argues that the U.S. should strengthen its own economic and intellectual capabilities to keep up with China's dynamic population, which now comprises 20 percent of the world's inhabitants. He says his book is meant to serve as a "mirror in which Americans can contemplate their own conception of power, its uses, and its limitations."
Lampton notes that China still has a long way to go in solving its internal problems. In his book, he cites several obstacles to China's growth, among them demographic changes, pollution, water scarcity and other resource issues, social and leadership fragmentation, and gross energy demand. Taiwan continues to loom as a potential problem, especially if a conflict in the Taiwan Strait draws Beijing into military confrontation with the United States. The recent earthquake in Sichuan province shed light on a crumbling infrastructure, some of it left over from the days of Mao Zedong, and a local system of often corrupt officials whose only concern is maximizing gross domestic product. Rapid growth has already severely affected the environment within the country, Lampton explains, and will increasingly affect the global environment. "This is a long-term development problem that for generations will keep the Chinese occupied internally," says Lampton. "They realize that if they can't fix those problems, they won't remain in power."
Despite China's rising might, Lampton does not think there's a large chance of an armed confrontation. The country's internal problems are of such magnitude, he says, its leaders will want to stay focused on domestic issues and resist getting sucked into any external conflict. "I think honesty requires that nobody can predict what something as large and rapidly changing as China is going to be like 20 or 30 years from now," Lampton says. "But if we treat China as a threat today, we will create the reality we seek to avoid tomorrow."
Critically ill, bedridden patients often suffer from profoundly atrophied muscles, the result of long hospital stays with little exercise and large doses of pain medications that keep them still. Even after recovering from surgery, injury, or prolonged illness, many patients need additional care because they have become too weak to function. Bedridden patients are also more prone to depression and bedsores. Studies by Dale Needham, assistant professor of pulmonary and critical care medicine at the School of Medicine, have demonstrated that patients with life-threatening respiratory ailments and other conditions enjoy better outcomes when they begin rehab sooner. But intensive-care patients often are unsteady on their feet, and must stay connected to ventilators, heart monitors, and intravenous lines. For a patient to simply rise from bed and walk a short distance requires assistance from four hospital staff members.
Engineering students designed this walker/chair/instrument tower to help ICU patients get up and about sooner.
Confounded by this problem, Needham challenged biomedical engineering students at the Whiting School of Engineering to devise a solution. The result is the MOVER, a combination walker, wheelchair, and instrument tower that enables a patient to walk with the help of only two people — a nurse in front and a physical therapist behind.
Designed by a team of eight Whiting undergraduates over the past year, MOVER tested the ingenuity of would-be engineers by presenting them with a batch of problems. What materials should the seat be made from? How could the walker best be integrated with a chair to catch a patient who suddenly becomes too weak to continue walking and has to sit down abruptly? How big should the contraption's wheels be to navigate hallways and avoid getting stuck in the floor slots of elevator entryways?
The students came up with some novel solutions, such as using bulletproof nylon for the seat because it is easy to clean and resists infection. They also made the walker extend farther behind the patient than a conventional model, to ensure he or she has room to walk but can fall back into the attached seat if necessary. Despite their ingenuity, the device has yet to pass muster with Hopkins clinicians who want more improvements before patients use it. "It's been a very iterative process because we've constantly been told by clinical people how we need to change the design," says Joshua Lerman, Engr '08, the leader of the student team. "It has gone back and forth from the shop to the hospital 12 or 13 times, which is good for the students because that's the kind of thing we'll face when we're out in the world."
Needham is confident that the MOVER, once it passes a final test or two, will catch on at Hopkins despite a medical culture nationwide that has been slow to grasp the virtues of incorporating regular rehab into a patient's recovery plan. "The goal is to minimize the morbidities ICU patients face when they leave the hospital," says Needham. "We're doing a very good job of helping our patients survive. Now, we need to do a better job of preparing them for when they leave here."
Did that beaker just moo?
Jason Matheny was shocked to see huge industrial poultry farms dotting the countryside of India. The public health researcher was already concerned about the environmental consequences of factory farming in the United States. Now large metal sheds containing thousands of chickens pumped with antibiotics and living in their own waste had come to the East. Factory farming had gone global.
Robert Neubecker Some people might react by going local — eating organic "slow" food, and campaigning for others to do the same. Matheny instead decided to go to the lab. He thought he could use technology to give consumers an alternative to conventional meat. In 2004 he founded New Harvest, a nonprofit research group devoted to developing in vitro meat. Yes, that's meat grown in a lab, without a body attached.
"The idea of in vitro meat has been around a long time, but it's only now that the technology is within reach to make this a practical possibility," says Matheny, a PhD candidate in health economics at the Bloomberg School of Public Health.
Using tissue-engineering techniques, scientists regularly grow small amounts of tissue in the lab for medical procedures. To make in vitro meat, they use similar techniques to culture animal cells, which they then grow in a medium rich with nutrients. "Muscle tissue and connective tissue needs to attach to something to grow properly," Matheny says. "To make tissue out of these cultured cells, you have to grow them on a surface." One technique is to grow the tissue on a sheet of material containing thin grooves. The tissue cells align on these grooves and fuse to form myotubes, which eventually form myofibers, the building blocks of muscle. "The state of the art right now is creating one square centimeter of this muscle tissue," Matheny says.
Cost is the biggest roadblock to getting past single-centimeter squares and growing in vitro meat in bulk, he says. The current process is so labor intensive, the meat costs thousands of dollars per pound. Matheny hopes that over the next decade, automation and the development of a less expensive growth medium for tissue cells will help bring the cost in line with that of conventional meat. Last April, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) offered a $1 million prize to the first person to produce commercially viable quantities of in vitro chicken at competitive prices by June 30, 2012.
"The idea of in vitro meat has been around a long time, but it's only now that the technology is within reach to make this a practical possibility.
— Jason Matheny New Harvest, which gets its money from individual donations, currently funds researchers at Utrecht University in the Netherlands. "The Dutch are the only group working on this technology full time," says Matheny, who is also New Harvest's director. Scientists are focusing on developing in vitro burgers and chicken nuggets instead of T-bone steaks and drumsticks because ground meat is easier to engineer, creates less waste, and is popular with consumers. "About half of the meat we eat is ground," notes Matheny. He adds that the flavor of in vitro meat should be comparable to that of conventional meat. "Ground meat is made mostly of muscle, fat, and connective tissue," he says. "We can make all of that in vitro. The other ingredients added to ground meat, like binder and seasoning, can similarly be added to cultured meat."
Test tube meat has a number of potential advantages over conventional ground meat, Matheny says. For example, it could be engineered to be healthier and have a higher ratio of so-called "good fat," like the fat in salmon. In vitro meat could be produced under more hygienic conditions than those found in slaughterhouses and packing houses. "And you aren't producing the massive amounts of waste that we see in traditional livestock production because you are only producing the meat that eventually gets eaten," Matheny says.
Matheny is a vegetarian. But when affordable in vitro meat becomes available, he has every intention of wolfing down a burger or a plate of chicken nuggets that began life in a lab, he says. "It's the only kind of meat I would eat."
Photo © istockphoto.com / Siobhan Barton "With the case of oil, our brain isn't wired, but our nation has been rewired. Our national infrastructure has been wired by cheap, plentiful oil. ... The most important single driver to get people to quit smoking is the rising cost of cigarettes. So with addictions, whether it's cocaine, nicotine, or oil, money talks."
— Jack Henningfield, an adjunct professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the School of Medicine, talking to Elaine Quijano of CNN's "American Morning" about oil as an addiction.
* This corrects earlier information published in the September issue print edition.


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Business and the Workforce
Due Process and the Courts
Economics of Immigration
Humanitarian Protection
Immigration 101
Immigration Benefits and Relief
People Forced to Stand on Toilets, Wear Soiled Clothing for Days at Border Patrol Facility
Posted by Melissa Cruz | Jun 4, 2019 | Abuses, Asylum, Border Enforcement, Detention, Enforcement
The internal watchdog for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) found "dangerous overcrowding" and unsanitary conditions at a Border Patrol processing facility in El Paso, Texas during an unannounced inspection last month. The watchdog said conditions were so bad they posed an "immediate risk to the health and safety not just of the detainees, but also DHS agents and officers."
Details of the facility's unsafe, filthy environment emerged in a scathing new report from the Office of Inspector General (OIG) on Friday. The OIG report notes that the facility has a maximum capacity of 125 people but held up to 900 during their inspection. One cell at the facility, for instance, had a maximum capacity of 12 people, but 76 people had been forced into the cell.
The space was so overcrowded that some people—many of them Central American families seeking asylum—were forced into "standing-room-only" conditions for days or weeks at a time. People are supposed to stay at these facilities for a maximum of 72 hours, according to a U.S. Customs and Border Protection policy. But OIG found that many had been held far past that limit, including 33 people held for more than two weeks.
The OIG report included other disturbing findings:
Many individuals stood on toilets in the cells "to make room and gain breathing space." Because of this, access to the toilets themselves was severely limited.
People had to wear soiled clothing "for days or weeks at a time," with limited access to showers.
The facility did not have the capacity to maintain basic hygiene, and people who had fallen ill were not always separated from the general population.
DHS said individuals' personal belongings—like bookbags and suitcases—were a "biohazard" and threw them away in nearby dumpsters. But money and phones were turned over to staff.
In response to the report's recommendations, DHS said it had constructed a tent which could hold up to 500 people and is working to complete another tent by the end of July. But the agency admitted to the watchdogs that it "had not identified a process to alleviate issues with overcrowding" in the short term and wanted until November 2020 to fix the problem in the long term. The OIG found this respond inadequate, refusing to close their investigation until more immediate solutions were presented.
The OIG report is further evidence that the current system at the U.S.-Mexico border is outdated and inadequate. These holding facilities were originally made to process single adult men mostly coming from Mexico. Instead, they are now primarily holding asylum-seeking families from Central America.
The Trump administration's efforts at curbing such migration—through the cruel practice of family separation, forcing people to wait on the Mexico side of the border, and proposing tariffs on Mexican goods—has not helped. Instead, the root causes of migration are ignored, putting the safety and health of vulnerable individuals at risk.
No person should ever be locked into a "standing-room only" cell for days at a time. Rather than lock people up in dangerous conditions, the government should focus on processing people more quickly and finding ways to release them.
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Melissa Cruz
Melissa Cruz is the Communications and Program Associate at the American Immigration Council. She oversees media relations and content creation for ImmigrationImpact.com, the Council's daily online publication. Previously, she worked as a political reporter for RealClearPolitics and Bustle, as well as a writer for the Human Rights Campaign. Melissa received her B.A. in English and Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies from Georgia State University.
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