This Lovely Kia Sportage. SL Series II is delightful to look at and to drive.
The 2.) litre Engine, coupled to a 6 Speed Sports Auto, works great in conjunction with the All Wheel Drive.
Sink into the Partial Leather Seats, Set the Cruise Control, dial in the Auto Climate Control and enjoy the ride.
If the Rain comes, or the Sun goes down, the Auto Headlights and Auto Wipers will take care of that and if you need to back up, the Rear Sensors, plus Rear Camera will make that a breeze.
Don't miss out, call to organize a Test Drive now.


ST. PETERSBURG, FL, USA – The Women's Tennis Association (WTA) today announced that India's Sania Mirza will rise to the WTA World No.1 doubles ranking on Monday, April 13. Since the WTA doubles rankings were introduced on September 10, 1984, Mirza is the 33rd player to reach the top doubles ranking, the first from India and fourth from Asia, to do so.
In the last 52 weeks, which are used to calculate the WTA doubles rankings, Mirza has won seven doubles titles with three different partners: Portugal Open (Oeiras), Toray Pan Pacific Open (Tokyo) and the BNP Paribas WTA Finals Singapore presented by SC Global with Cara Black; Apia International Sydney with Bethanie Mattek-Sands; and BNP Paribas Open, Miami Open presented by Itau and Family Circle Cup with Martina Hingis.
In March this year, 28-year-old Mirza teamed up with nine-time Grand Slam doubles champion Martina Hingis, and the pair achieved instant success, winning 14-straight matches and claiming three successive titles. These results have propelled Mirza to the top of the WTA doubles rankings, and the team of Hingis/Mirza to the top of the Road to Singapore doubles leaderboard.
Among her notable achievements, Mirza was the first Indian woman to win a WTA singles title; the first to reach the third and fourth rounds of a Grand Slam; the first to surpass $1 million in career prize money; and the first to win a Grand Slam title of any kind when she claimed the 2009 Australian Open mixed doubles title with countryman Mahesh Bhupathi. She holds a total of 26 career doubles titles, and three Grand Slam mixed doubles titles.
Only three other Asian women have achieved the WTA World No.1 doubles ranking: Japan's Ai Sugiyama, China's Peng Shuai, and Chinese Taipei's Hsieh Su-Wei.


Many people work full-time with no benefits, cannot afford medical insurance on their very own or simply are unable to find a job that offers medical care. This service is offered by 2nd and third yr CQUniversity Oral Health students underneath medical supervision by a registered health professional in a partnership with Central Queensland Hospital and Health companies. It is a popular false impression that free clinics are now not wanted, because of the current changes to healthcare legislation. If the clinic is near your space, you should tour the facility to make sure it is clean and nicely maintained. Clinics helped patients navigate via the coverage and coverage modifications, while dental care and prescription assistance remained a vitally vital want solely serviced by many free clinics.
While clinics primarily provide normal care and never surgical procedures, they're important in serving to the affected person to find out if extra extensive medical remedy could also be required. Health science has innumerable branches should you begin referring to it. Some of them might be dietics, physiotherapy, occupational health, audiology, speech therapy and lots of extra. Health insurance and billing practices vary by clinic kind and should depend on the patient's age, household measurement and income.
The Dr. Gary Burnstein Community Health Clinic is located at 45580 Woodward Avenue, Pontiac MI, 48341. It will not be uncommon for health issues to occur on weekends, vacations, or while you are away out of your hometown and wish take care of a hassling healthcare downside comparable to a nagging ache or a scratch or gash. In the case of a sudden chilly or flu onset, some clinics have the power to just accept patients on a stroll-in basis. Patients will even have access to the Utah Quit Line for counseling and help as properly.
The total level of the clinic is to make the expertise as pleasant as possible for the guest in hopes that the constructive experience forges a lifelong bond between the clinic and the patient. When it comes to major care, all these clinics are nicely-rounded and they're going to provide you with prime quality medical care. Please don't go to the clinic to pay the Medical Services Fee, this is completed on the Student Accounts/Bursar's Office. Outpatient clinics are more susceptible to selling a quick diagnosis and therapy.
You should check whether the clinic is accredited or not before making a decision. Some of the great things these clinics supply except for exceptional dental work are before and after services. The overall wellbeing of a person is the sum total of his bodily, emotional and psychological well being together with the angle. The distinction in non-public and authorities clinics is that within the latter, a affected person can get healthcare at a much cheaper rate but must wait for a long time before he or she can see the physician as a result of giant number of patients there who additionally needs to seek for medical help.


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How to Ask a Customer If They Have Made a Decision
Business Technology & Customer Support
By Linda Ray
How to Write a Sales Marketing Script
How to Delete Available Credit in Quickbooks
Sales Techniques & Closing Scripts
How to Handle a Complaint Letter About a Rude Employee
Adding an Ask Link in Tumblr
From the point of view of a salesperson, there's nothing worse than making a knowledgeable, successful sales presentation and not knowing how to ask for the sale. Asking clients to sign a contract or write a check is a difficult step for many salespeople, yet it's the key to success. If you can't pin down customers about their final decisions, you and your company will eventually go broke.
Assume the customer has made a decision to purchase from you and continue processing the order. Without asking, start writing up the sale and present it to the client for a signature. Let the customer know the final costs after taxes and other fees and ask what form of payment he will use.
Come right out and ask the customer if he would like to take the product home today or if he is ready to make the purchase now. According to the National Association of Music Merchants, consumers appreciate a straightforward salesperson they believe is trustworthy and open.
Explain the features and benefits of the product or service you're selling and end your presentation with a closing statement asking for the sale. After making your pitch, you have every right to ask for a decision from customers. At the same time, customers expect you to ask them if they will make a purchase.
Use that implied permission to build your confidence and overcome whatever fears drive your reluctance to ask for the sale. Asking the questions you need to ask to close the sale is a part of your job. Asking for a decision is not an option in sales -- it is your obligation.
Prepare for a negative response with a backup of solutions to overcome the objections. While an affirmative answer guides you to finish up the sale, a negative response means the customer must provide reasons you can respond to and then ask for the sale again.
National Association of Music Merchants: Ask for the Sale
Think of closing the sale as a kindness you're performing for customers struggling with purchasing decisions. Until you ask for the sale, no decision has been made, according to the National Association of Music Merchants. Some customers have a difficult time making decisions and need your help to finally say yes.
If you don't ask for the sale, you may leave customers wondering if you are confident in the product or service. By not asking them if they've made a decision, you risk leaving them feeling as if you really don't care about their business. An uncaring salesperson adversely reflects on the whole company, and customers begin to question whether they'll be happy with the product or receive appropriate follow-up and customer service should they need it.
Retail Sales Closing Techniques
How to Overcome Rebuttals
Tips on Overcoming Sales Objections
Top 10 Sales Closing Techniques: Learn How to Seal the Deal
How to Sell to People Who Hate Salesmen
Telemarketing Tips for Angry Customers
Transactional Selling Vs. Transitional Selling
How to Deal With a Client Who Is a Bully
How to Deal With a Customer Who Insults You
1 Retail Sales Closing Techniques
2 How to Overcome Rebuttals
3 Tips on Overcoming Sales Objections
4 Top 10 Sales Closing Techniques: Learn How to Seal the Deal

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Movie of the Month: August 2011
On August 25, 1960, only 12 days after the director's 61st birthday, Alfred Hitchcock released his last black and white film. Psycho is not only his scariest film to date, but it was also his most controversial. The movie shocked audiences for a number of reasons, the first of which was the infamous shower sequence. After seeing the movie and recognizing how vulnerable people are in the shower, Janet Leigh reportedly took baths for the remainder of her life. The power of Psycho doesn't come from the music (although it may contribute). The primary reason that we are still frightened by it today is because Hitchcock shows the characters being attacked in the moment when they are most defenseless.
Alfred Hitchcock first had the idea to make Psycho after seeing the success of William Castle's House on Haunted Hill. He wanted to make his own low-budget thriller. It just so happened that it ended up being so good that it is arguably his best film. The movie did not have the star power of his previous projects, North by Northwest and Vertigo. Hitchcock instead used actors and actresses that required a smaller paycheck. Each of the players ended up moving on to other notable films such as Breakfast at Tiffany's, The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance, The Manchurian Candidate, and Bullitt.
The final shot of Psycho stands out in my mind as one of the most haunting that I have ever seen. I won't spoil the ending for those who have yet to see it, but I promise that it is one worth checking into. In fact, the whole movie is a rewarding experience. This is one of my three favorite Hitchcock films (the others being Vertigo and Rear Window), and without a doubt, my favorite horror film. It is a masterpiece, low-budget or not, and it contains the most shocking thrills that the Master of Suspense ever gave us. And if you don't believe me, watch the trailer below:
Posted in 1960s, Movie of the Month	| Tagged 1960, Alfred Hitchcock, Anthony Perkins, Bates Motel, horror, Janet Leigh, Norman Bates, Psycho, showers, the Master of Suspense	| 2 Replies
Film Review: The Tingler (1959)
During his sixty-three years on earth, William Castle made movies that had no other purpose than to entertain. The best of his mostly-forgotten works were a series of horror pictures released during the late '50s and early '60s. While they admittedly were not very well-made, their appeal to the audiences of that time made them hits at the box office. (One of these cheaply-made successes, House on Haunted Hill, even inspired Alfred Hitchcock to make his own low-budget classic, Psycho.) Castle was not a great filmmaker, but instead, an excellent showman. The gimmicks that he created for a small number of his films gave the audience an experience in the movies that they had never had before or since. One such example is his campy horror flick, The Tingler.
During showings of this Vincent Price vehicle, certain viewers experienced short electrical shocks due to small vibrators planted on the bottom of their seats. Not only did this deepen the audience's fear, but it also helped to sell tickets. Thanks to clever advertising, many moviegoers were intrigued to see the new Castle film because it featured the director's newest gimmick called, Percepto. Today however, Percepto no longer exists, and those watching The Tingler at home will not have any reason to jump. The fright that this film inspired of its audiences in 1959 has not survived either, yet there are still reasons to see it.
Despite being completely in black-and-white, there is one one memorable scene in the last half of the picture that displays a small splash of bright red. This brief image of blood is surprisingly effective. Perhaps the most significant landmark that The Tingler reaches lies within the scene in which Price's Dr. Warren experiments alone in his lab. Earlier in the film, Warren discovered a centipede-like creature called the "tingler" that lives clinging to the spinal cord of every human being. This horrid creature grows larger at the sign of fear in their host, making it medically possible to die of fright. At the beginning of his experiments, the doctor does what no other movie character in cinema history had done before. Warren used LSD for the purpose of experiencing fear and ultimately, the full impact of the tingler.
With a combination of Percepto and a desperate scene in which the tingler enters a movie theater full of unsuspecting watchers, Castle produced interactive entertainment. His gimmicks and his amusing references to his viewers treat us as one of the characters. Even though it has many visible flaws, it adds up to a film that B-movie fanatics should not miss.
Posted in 1950s, R - S - T	| Tagged 1959, B-movie, camp classic, horror, Percepto, Vincent Price, William Castle	| 2 Replies


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Q: Why K-map has states in sequence of 00,01,11,10 instead of 00,01,10,11? Why K-map has states in sequence of 00,01,11,10 instead of 00,01,10,11?

A: It's because in the first sequence, each entry differs in only one bit whereas in the second sequence the transition from 01 to 10 changes two bits which produces a race condition. In asynchronous logic, nothing ever happens at the same time, so 01 to 10 is either 01 00 10 or 01 11 10 and that causes problems.

A: In the process of simplification, when 2 minterms, with one bit differing,r ORed, one variable gets eliminated as 1 + 0 = 1

A: This is because if we write 00 01 11 10 then in between two there is a difference of two bits and as smparkes told that asynchronous cannot take two values a time so that is the only way left now. As we take gray code in a similar way gray code of 00 is 00, of 01 is 01, of 11 is 10 and of 10 is 11. In this way k map is numbered.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


PETER Andre has been left devastated after Katie Price's mum said he and her other exes were to blame for her entering rehab.
Insiders say that Amy Price's comments that Katie's exes "won't leave her alone" and that "Pete likes to portray himself as perfect" will be "very upsetting" for Pete, who shares kids Princess and Junior with Katie.
"Peter will be really, really hurt by Amy's comments," says the insider.
"It's just so upsetting. Peter doesn't want anything bad to happen to Katie and he's never opened his mouth and commented on what she's going through publicly.
Katie's mum Amy spoke out as The Sun On Sunday exclusively revealed that the star had checked into rehab at The Priory.
Katie began 28 days of outpatient treatment at The Priory yesterday, where she's been disgnosed with post traumatic stress disorder.
It comes after her family and loved ones confronted her about The Sun On Sunday's footage of her drunkenly partying with two men in Majorca and rapping "I love coke".


Purchased from ezbuy at $25. Size stated 41, however I have wide feet & size run small. Heels would fit size 39-40 better. Selling at cost. Your gain, my loss. Self collect only.
Silver heels. Size 41. Brand New.
Comfy fabric heels, just that I don't prefer light beige heels. This is light yellow heels , with check prints. Heel height 3cm. I added heel pads inside but just never feel for this colour. I prefer my black heels. Pay $2 extra for registered mail.
Bought at og for $30 sell cheaply as not wearing. Worn once for event.
Used 2 days for my wedding only.


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Life with MS
Food and Fitness
How Loving Yourself Can Help You Battle MS
By Caroline Craven — Updated on February 2, 2018
Scientific proof now shows that the overall attitude you take toward yourself may help you manage multiple sclerosis. So why not shower yourself with love?
Have you loved yourself today?
Because now there is scientific proof that loving yourself may actually help your multiple sclerosis (MS).
In a 2016 study, researchers concluded that the quality of intimate relationships was strongly associated with self-concept and illness acceptance.
This, they said, suggested that self-concept could be used to contribute to better outcomes for those with MS.
While self-concept, the knowledge one has about themselves, is different than self-esteem, the overall attitude one takes toward themselves can benefit those with MS.
Read more: Vitamin D may help prevent, treat multiple sclerosis »
Using self-love
One way to improve both self-esteem and self-concept is to shower yourself with love.
Literally tell yourself how awesome you are, over and over, in a loving, positive way.
In a study that covered post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Syrian refugees, patients with MS saw that self-esteem and satisfaction with life were significantly improved after the use of repetitive positive reinforcement.
In general, researchers in the PTSD study said Treatment by Repeating Phrases of Positive Thought, or TRPPT, had a positive effect on people with MS with life factors such as stress and anxiety. TRPPT also shows significant success in helping decrease depressive symptoms.
By thinking positively, people who perceive stress as less threatening are able to cope with it more effectively, while people who think negatively do not expect things to go as planned and tend to anticipate bad outcomes.
In addition, TRPPT is free, has no side effects or limits, and is even accessible in places like war-torn Syria.
Read more: New drug to treat MS awaits FDA approval »
Helping people with MS
Strategies like TRPPT could benefit people with MS in particular because studies indicate there are high levels of depression among people with the disease.
One study looked at the first year after an MS diagnosis and the associated psychological impact. Many people with MS chose to avoid the illness, pretending they were not sick.
In addition, the study showed a high prevalence of depression. It also showed a reduction in quality of life as a result of lower self-concept and psychological well-being.
According to one study, there are two questions you need to ask to determine if you need a hug.
During the past two weeks, have you often been bothered by feeling down, depressed, or hopeless?
During the past two weeks, have you often been bothered by little interest or pleasure in doing things?
Answering "Yes" to one or both of these questions could signify some depression, a common and serious emotion that should be discussed with your doctor.
"When people struggle with physical discomfort, it's not uncommon to experience feeling depressed or a lack of motivation. Especially with MS, when you don't know exactly when the next flare-up will occur, it can be hard to keep your head up." Jennifer Johnston-Jones, PhD, a psychologist in Southern California, told Healthline.
"Often people turn toward Band-Aid treatments such as medication or distractions such as overuse of television, social media, or not committing to the work they are meant to do. Instead, one can focus their efforts on strategies that increase their self-concept and self-worth which will naturally decrease depression." Jones added. "Some of these strategies include: doing a daily gratitude journal, doing things a little out of your comfort zone, and sharing your vulnerability with others."
Read more: The effects of alcohol, coffee, and smoking on multiple sclerosis »
Stress on relationships
Having MS can also affect your relationships — creating situations that may require people to seek professional help.
One program based in Colorado, Relationship Matters (RM), is a relationship enrichment program that integrates information and resources of the National Multiple Sclerosis Society with marriage education.
The National MS Society has a variety of tips to help flame the romance.
One is to create rituals and traditions. Make it a habit to acknowledge and celebrate your relationship.
Another is to find ways to express caring and appreciation in your relationship every day. It could be as simple as a gentle stroke on the cheek.
Loving yourself can also help. Being positive can help traditional medicines work better due primarily to better adherence, while depression was associated with a lower likelihood of adherence.
MS takes a lot of self-management, according to a study at the University of Washington, and part of this is the ability to love oneself and to love others.
Editor's Note: Caroline Craven is a patient expert living with MS. Her award winning blog is GirlwithMS.com, and she can be found @thegirlwithms.
Healthline News Fact-Checking Standards
The Healthline News team is committed to delivering content that adheres to the highest editorial standards for accuracy, sourcing, and objective analysis. Every news article is thoroughly fact-checked by members of our Integrity Network. Furthermore, we have a zero-tolerance policy regarding any level of plagiarism or malicious intent from our writers and contributors.
All Healthline News articles adhere to the following standards:
All referenced studies and research papers must be from reputable and relevant peer-reviewed journals or academic associations.
All studies, quotes, and statistics used in a news article must link to or reference the original source. The article must also clearly indicate why any statistics presented are relevant.
All content related to new treatments, drugs, procedures, and so on must clearly describe availability, pricing, side effects, treatment target (e.g., HER2+), known interactions, and off-label use, if appropriate.
All news articles must include original commentary from at least two qualified sources with appropriate credentials and links to relevant associations or published works.
Any potential conflicts of interest related to a study or source must be clearly indicated to the reader.
All news articles must include appropriate background information and context for the specific condition or topic.
Learning to Advocate for Yourself with MS: A Guide
Do I Need MS Treatment if I Rarely Relapse? 5 Things to Know
How Close Are We to a Cure for Multiple Sclerosis?
15 Ways to Live Your Best Life with Multiple Sclerosis
Here's How to Get Involved During Multiple Sclerosis Awareness Month
If you have MS, it's important to advocate for the support you need. Here are some tips for communicating with your friends, family, co-workers, and…
Medically reviewed by Sharon Stoll, DO, MS
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a lifelong condition that has no cure, but it can be treated. And it's important to continue to take your prescribed MS…
Medically reviewed by Seunggu Han, M.D.
Research into new MS treatments is ongoing. Although there's no cure yet, the scientific study of MS has led to significant breakthroughs. Read on to…
Medically reviewed by Debra Sullivan, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., CNE, COI
A multiple sclerosis diagnosis can turn your world upside down, but it doesn't need to prevent you from doing what you love. By learning all you can…
Medically reviewed by Nancy Hammond, M.D.
Get involved every year for MS Awareness Month, whether you participate online or join an in-person or virtual event. Find out where to begin here.
What Vitamins Should You Avoid if You Have MS?
Research suggests vitamin C and B7 may worsen MS symptoms.
7 Tips for Meal Prepping with Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms can make daily activities, like cooking, more difficult. Here are planning and prepping tips to make mealtime easier.
Understanding Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Skin Lesions and What You Can Do About Them
Understanding Why Multiple Sclerosis Is Painful
Multiple sclerosis causes a wide variety of symptoms including pain. The variation in symptoms may treating MS pain and other symptoms difficult.
Can Benadryl Help with Multiple Sclerosis?
Some people with MS swear by taking Benadryl to manage certain symptoms and treatment reactions, but does it live up to the hype?


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Fresh Air Weekend
From street food in Thailand to a bakery in a Syrian refugee camp to how one scientist uses state of the art pollen analysis to track the origins of honey (and also to solve cold murder cases), Christopher Kimball's Milk Street Radio goes anywhere and everywhere to ask questions and get answers about cooking, food, culture, wine, farming, restaurants, literature, and the lives and cultures of the people who grow, produce, and create the food we eat.
House votes to expand legal safeguards for LGBTQ people
Kevin Freking
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi of Calif., center, speaks about the Congress Equality Act, Thursday, Feb. 25, 2021, with from left, Sen. Cory Booker, D-N.J., Sen. Jerry Nadler, D-N.Y., Sen. Jeff Merkley, D-Ore., Pelosi, Rep. David Cicilline, D-R.I., Sen. Tammy Baldwin, D-Wis., and Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., on Capitol Hill in Washington. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin)
The Democratic-led House passed a bill Thursday that would enshrine LGBTQ protections in the nation's labor and civil rights laws, a top priority of President Joe Biden, though the legislation faces an uphill battle in the Senate.
The bill passed by a vote of 224-206 with three Republicans joining Democrats in voting yes.
The Equality Act amends existing civil rights law to explicitly include sexual orientation and gender identification as protected characteristics. The protections would extend to employment, housing, loan applications, education, public accommodations and other areas. Supporters say the law before the House on Thursday is long overdue and would ensure that every person is treated equally under the law.
"The LGBT community has waited long enough," said Rep. David Cicilline, D-R.I., who is gay and the bill's lead sponsor. "The time has come to extend the blessings of liberty and equality to all of Americans regardless of who they are and who they love."
Republicans broadly opposed the legislation. They echoed concerns from religious groups and social conservatives who worry the bill would force people to take actions that contradict their religious beliefs. They warned that faith-based adoption agencies seeking to place children with a married mother and father could be forced to close, or that private schools would have to hire staff whose conduct violates tenets of the school's faith.
"This is unprecedented. It's dangerous. It's an attack on our first freedom, the first freedom listed in the Bill of Rights, religious liberty," said Rep. Mike Johnson, R-La.
The House passed the Equality Act in the last Congress with unanimous Democratic support and the backing of eight Republicans, but Donald Trump's White House opposed the measure and it was not considered in the Senate, where 60 votes will be needed to overcome procedural hurdles. Democrats are trying to revive it now that they have control of Congress and the White House, but passage still appears unlikely in the evenly divided Senate.
The Supreme Court provided the LGBTQ community with a resounding victory last year in a 6-3 ruling that said the Civil Rights Act of 1964 applied to LGBTQ workers when it comes to barring discrimination on the basis of sex. Civil rights groups have encouraged Congress to follow up that decision and ensure that anti-bias protections addressing such areas as housing, public accommodations, and public services are applied in all 50 states.
Biden made clear his support for the Equality Act in the lead-up to last year's election, saying it would be one of his first priorities.
Philly's only lesbian bar is shutting down, adding to a somber nationwide trend
Bars catering to queer women, like the Gayborhood's Toasted Walnut, are disappearing across the U.S.
Democratic Rep. Mary Gay Scanlon, D-Penn., said the Equality Act is needed to end "the patchwork of state laws" around gay rights and create "uniform nationwide protection."
"It's been personal since my baby sister came out to me almost 40 years ago," Scanlon said. "For many people all across this country and across this House, that is when the fight hits home."
The debate among lawmakers on Capitol Hill also become personal. Rep. Marie Newman, D-Ill., whose daughter is transgender, tweeted a video of herself placing a transgender flag outside her office. Her office is across the hall from Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Ga., who was recently blocked from serving on two committees because of past comments and tweets.
"Our neighbor, @RepMTG, tried to block the Equality Act because she believes prohibiting discrimination against trans Americans is "disgusting, immoral, and evil." Thought we'd put up our Transgender flag so she can look at it every time she opens her door.," Newman tweeted.
Greene responded with a video of her own in which she puts up a sign that reads: "There are Two genders: MALE and FEMALE. "Trust The Science!"
"Our neighbor, @RepMarieNewman, wants to pass the so-called "Equality" Act to destroy women's rights and religious freedoms. Thought we'd put up ours so she can look at it every time she opens her door," Greene tweeted.
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., pointed to the exchange to advocate for the bill Thursday.
"It breaks my heart that it is necessary, but the fact is, and in fact we had a sad event here even this morning, demonstrating the need for us to have respect," Pelosi said, at one point pausing and taking a deep sigh. "Not even just respect, but take pride, take pride in our LGBT community."
Philly advocates praise HUD investigations into LGBTQ discrimination
The new rule is a reaction to former HUD Secretary Ben Carson's move to withdraw certain protections.
Gay and lesbian members of Congress spoke about how meaningful the bill is for them.
"Look, we're not asking for anything that any other American doesn't already enjoy," said Rep. Chris Pappas, D-N.H. "We just want to be treated the same. We just want politicians in Washington to catch up with the times and the Constitution."
Leaders at the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops wrote lawmakers this week to say they had grave concerns about the bill. Among the concerns they raised is that the bill would expand the government's definition of public places, forcing church halls and equivalent facilities to host functions that violate their beliefs, which could lead to closing their doors to the broader community.
Republicans cited an array of consequences they said could occur if the bill passed into law, from eliminating the existing ban on the use of government funds for abortion to allowing transgender people into women's shelters and transgender youth into girls' sports. Democrats likened the effort to past civil rights battles in the nation's history.
Cicillini challenged Republicans, "I hope you will bear in mind how your vote will be remembered years from now."
Some of the nation's largest corporations are part of a coalition in support of the legislation, including Apple Inc., AT&T, Chevron, and 3M Co., just to name a few of the hundreds of companies that have endorsed it.
Get daily updates from WHYY News!
The free WHYY News Daily newsletter delivers the most important local stories to your inbox.
Same-sex marriage legislation clears key Senate hurdle
Twelve Republicans voted with all Democrats to move forward on the legislation, meaning a final vote could come as soon as this week, or later this month.
Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric could galvanize extremists, experts say
Experts warn that extremist groups may see anti-LGBTQ rhetoric by influencers as a call to action.
Disney in balancing act as some workers walk out in protest
Throughout Tuesday, pockets of employees staged demonstrations at various sites across the country.
About Associated Press


This auction is closed, but maybe you like the following items?
157324. BORDSLAMPA, mässing, Einar Bäckströms, Malmö, 1900-tal.
Höjd med lampställning. Höjd 79 cm.
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Machine translation. Auctionet.com is not responsible for this approximate translation. Feel free to contact our support for translation help.
BORDLAMPA, brass, Einar Bäckströms, Malmö, 20th century.
Height of lamp position. Height 79 cm.
Got something similar to sell?
Have your item valued free of charge.
Read more about the auction house.


Jan. 7, 2015 3:00 p.m.
CALGARY AB – As the Progressive Conservatives swallow the Wildrose, there will undoubtedly be teeth gnashing and garment rending as commentators reflect on the health of democracy in Alberta.
Certainly the Conservatives' electoral grip will only strengthen going forward, and Premier Jim Prentice can put the champagne on ice as his party plans for its 50th year in office in 2021.
This demise leaves Albertans in the uncomfortable position of living indefinitely in a one-party state, and thus we can expect a raft of proposals to resuscitate the opposition, to merge existing parties or create new ones to challenge the Conservative big tent from the left or right. All of this noise, however, may preclude a more constructive conversation about the future of democracy in the province.
The starting point for that conversation is to accept the reality of a one-party state, as Danielle Smith appears to have done, while also recognizing that a good measure of democracy can nonetheless exist. Here we can learn from the Americans who have been adept at using primary elections to replace electoral competition between parties with competition within parties.
In the South following the end of the Civil War it was next to impossible to elect anyone other than Democrats. Voters, it was alleged, would vote for a yellow dog before they would vote for a Republican. Yet democracy did not die with the death of party competition. It moved, or at least staggered, into the use of primaries to select Democratic candidates for state and federal office.
Since then, primary elections have become commonplace across the country, and in many cases are the only meaningful contests. Given that 96 per cent of incumbents in the House of Representatives win if they stand for re-election, the only true competitions take place in the primaries.
Maybe, then, Albertans can redirect their longstanding interest in democratic reform to intra-party reform. If Conservative candidates are virtually assured of election in the one-party province it has become, maybe we have to open up the nomination process to much broader public participation.
Now admittedly, this would mean that provincial elections would be a mere formality with respect to choosing a government, and the Legislative Assembly would cease to be a significant forum for political debate. But surely this point has been reached already?
If we're clever, we could use provincial elections as a platform for citizen initiatives and referendums, as a new way to hold the government in check.
It is useful to note the absence of references to California, the largest state, in the recent mid-term elections. Congressional seats were locked down well before the election, leaving no hot contests to report, but there were numerous and vigorous referendum campaigns. Democracy in California has been redirected more than muzzled.


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Карага́нський () — селище у складі Кваркенського району Оренбурзької області, Росія.

Населення
Населення — 92 особи (2010; 140 у 2002).

Національний склад (станом на 2002 рік):
 росіяни — 53 %
 казахи — 39 %

Джерела

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Naming and nationality
Named after Ptolemy
2nd-century Greco-Egyptian writer and astronomer
Claudius Ptolemy
Early Baroque artist's rendition[1]
c. 100 AD[2]
Egypt, Roman Empire
c. 170 (aged 69–70) AD[2]
Alexandria, Egypt, Roman Empire
Claudius Ptolemy (/ˈtɒləmi/; Koinē Greek: Κλαύδιος Πτολεμαῖος, Klaúdios Ptolemaîos [kláwdios ptolɛmɛ́os]; Latin: Claudius Ptolemaeus; c. 100 – c. 170 AD)[2] was a mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, geographer and astrologer who wrote several scientific treatises, three of which were of importance to later Byzantine, Islamic and Western European science. The first is the astronomical treatise now known as the Almagest, although it was originally entitled the Mathematical Treatise (Μαθηματικὴ Σύνταξις) and then known as The Great Treatise (Ἡ Μεγάλη Σύνταξις). The second is the Geography, which is a thorough discussion of the geographic knowledge of the Greco-Roman world. The third is the astrological treatise in which he attempted to adapt horoscopic astrology to the Aristotelian natural philosophy of his day. This is sometimes known as the Apotelesmatiká (Ἀποτελεσματικά) but more commonly known as the Tetrábiblos from the Koine Greek (Τετράβιβλος) meaning "Four Books" or by the Latin Quadripartitum.
Ptolemy lived in the city of Alexandria in the Roman province of Egypt under the rule of the Roman Empire,[3] had a Latin name (which several historians have taken to imply he was also a Roman citizen),[4] cited Greek philosophers, and used Babylonian observations and Babylonian lunar theory. The 14th-century astronomer Theodore Meliteniotes gave his birthplace as the prominent Greek city Ptolemais Hermiou (Πτολεμαΐς 'Ερμείου) in the Thebaid (Θηβᾱΐς). This attestation is quite late, however, and there is no other evidence to confirm or contradict it.[5] He died in Alexandria around 168.[6]
Engraving of a crowned Ptolemy being guided by the muse of Astronomy, Urania, from Margarita Philosophica by Gregor Reisch, 1508. Although Abu Ma'shar believed Ptolemy to be one of the Ptolemaic pharaohs who ruled Egypt after the conquest of Alexander the Great, the title "King Ptolemy" is generally viewed as a mark of respect for Ptolemy's elevated standing in science.
Ptolemaeus (Πτολεμαῖος Ptolemaîos) is an ancient Greek personal name. It occurs once in Greek mythology and is of Homeric form.[7] It was common among the Macedonian upper class at the time of Alexander the Great and there were several of this name among Alexander's army, one of whom made himself pharaoh in 323 BC: Ptolemy I Soter, the first pharaoh of the Ptolemaic Kingdom. All subsequent pharaohs of Egypt until Egypt became a Roman province in 30 BC, ending the Macedonian family's rule, were also Ptolemies.[8][9]
The name Claudius is a Roman name, belonging to the gens Claudia; the peculiar multipart form of the whole name Claudius Ptolemaeus is a Roman custom, characteristic of Roman citizens. Several historians have made the deduction that this indicates that Ptolemy would have been a Roman citizen.[11] Gerald Toomer, the translator of Ptolemy's Almagest into English, suggests that citizenship was probably granted to one of Ptolemy's ancestors by either the emperor Claudius or the emperor Nero.[12]
The 9th century Persian astronomer Abu Maʻshar presents Ptolemy as a member of Egypt's royal lineage, stating that the descendants of the Alexandrine general and Pharaoh Ptolemy I Soter, were wise "and included Ptolemy the Wise, who composed the book of the Almagest". Abu Maʻshar recorded a belief that a different member of this royal line "composed the book on astrology and attributed it to Ptolemy". We can evidence historical confusion on this point from Abu Maʿshar's subsequent remark: "It is sometimes said that the very learned man who wrote the book of astrology also wrote the book of the Almagest. The correct answer is not known."[13] Not much positive evidence is known on the subject of Ptolemy's ancestry, apart from what can be drawn from the details of his name (see above), although modern scholars have concluded that Abu Maʻshar's account is erroneous.[14] It is no longer doubted that the astronomer who wrote the Almagest also wrote the Tetrabiblos as its astrological counterpart.[15]
Ptolemy wrote in ancient Greek and can be shown to have utilized Babylonian astronomical data.[16][17] He might have been a Roman citizen, but was ethnically either a Greek[2][18][19] or a Hellenized Egyptian.[18][20][21] He was often known in later Arabic sources as "the Upper Egyptian",[22] suggesting he may have had origins in southern Egypt.[23] Later Arabic astronomers, geographers and physicists referred to him as Baṭlumyus (Arabic: بَطْلُمْيوس).[24]
Ptolemy with an armillary sphere model, by Joos van Ghent and Pedro Berruguete, 1476, Louvre, Paris
Ptolemy's Almagest is the only surviving comprehensive ancient treatise on astronomy. Babylonian astronomers had developed arithmetical techniques for calculating astronomical phenomena; Greek astronomers such as Hipparchus had produced geometric models for calculating celestial motions. Ptolemy, however, claimed to have derived his geometrical models from selected astronomical observations by his predecessors spanning more than 800 years, though astronomers have for centuries suspected that his models' parameters were adopted independently of observations.[25] Ptolemy presented his astronomical models in convenient tables, which could be used to compute the future or past position of the planets.[26] The Almagest also contains a star catalogue, which is a version of a catalogue created by Hipparchus. Its list of forty-eight constellations is ancestral to the modern system of constellations, but unlike the modern system they did not cover the whole sky (only the sky Hipparchus could see). Across Europe, the Middle East and North Africa in the Medieval period, it was the authoritative text on astronomy, with its author becoming an almost mythical figure, called Ptolemy, King of Alexandria.[27] The Almagest was preserved, like most of extant Classical Greek science, in Arabic manuscripts (hence its familiar name). Because of its reputation, it was widely sought and was translated twice into Latin in the 12th century, once in Sicily and again in Spain.[28] Ptolemy's model, like those of his predecessors, was geocentric and was almost universally accepted until the appearance of simpler heliocentric models during the scientific revolution.
His Planetary Hypotheses went beyond the mathematical model of the Almagest to present a physical realization of the universe as a set of nested spheres,[29] in which he used the epicycles of his planetary model to compute the dimensions of the universe. He estimated the Sun was at an average distance of 1,210 Earth radii, while the radius of the sphere of the fixed stars was 20,000 times the radius of the Earth.[30]
Ptolemy presented a useful tool for astronomical calculations in his Handy Tables, which tabulated all the data needed to compute the positions of the Sun, Moon and planets, the rising and setting of the stars, and eclipses of the Sun and Moon. Ptolemy's Handy Tables provided the model for later astronomical tables or zījes. In the Phaseis (Risings of the Fixed Stars), Ptolemy gave a parapegma, a star calendar or almanac, based on the appearances and disappearances of stars over the course of the solar year.[31]
Geography by Ptolemy, Latin manuscript of the early 15th century
Ptolemy's second main work is his Geography (also called the Geographia), a compilation of geographical coordinates of the part of the world known to the Roman Empire during his time. He relied somewhat on the work of an earlier geographer, Marinos of Tyre, and on gazetteers of the Roman and ancient Persian Empire.[citation needed] He also acknowledged ancient astronomer Hipparchus for having provided the elevation of the north celestial pole[32] for a few cities.[33]
The first part of the Geography is a discussion of the data and of the methods he used. As with the model of the Solar System in the Almagest, Ptolemy put all this information into a grand scheme. Following Marinos, he assigned coordinates to all the places and geographic features he knew, in a grid that spanned the globe. Latitude was measured from the equator, as it is today, but Ptolemy preferred[34] to express it as climata, the length of the longest day rather than degrees of arc: the length of the midsummer day increases from 12h to 24h as one goes from the equator to the polar circle. In books 2 through 7, he used degrees and put the meridian of 0 longitude at the most western land he knew, the "Blessed Islands", often identified as the Canary Islands, as suggested by the location of the six dots labelled the "FORTUNATA" islands near the left extreme of the blue sea of Ptolemy's map here reproduced.
A 15th-century manuscript copy of the Ptolemy world map, reconstituted from Ptolemy's Geography (circa AD 150), indicating the countries of "Serica" and "Sinae" (China) at the extreme east, beyond the island of "Taprobane" (Sri Lanka, oversized) and the "Aurea Chersonesus" (Malay Peninsula).
Prima Europe tabula. A 15th-century copy of Ptolemy's map of Britain and Ireland.
Ptolemy also devised and provided instructions on how to create maps both of the whole inhabited world (oikoumenè) and of the Roman provinces. In the second part of the Geography, he provided the necessary topographic lists, and captions for the maps. His oikoumenè spanned 180 degrees of longitude from the Blessed Islands in the Atlantic Ocean to the middle of China, and about 80 degrees of latitude from Shetland to anti-Meroe (east coast of Africa); Ptolemy was well aware that he knew about only a quarter of the globe, and an erroneous extension of China southward suggests his sources did not reach all the way to the Pacific Ocean.
The maps in surviving manuscripts of Ptolemy's Geography, however, only date from about 1300, after the text was rediscovered by Maximus Planudes. It seems likely that the topographical tables in books 2–7 are cumulative texts – texts which were altered and added to as new knowledge became available in the centuries after Ptolemy.[35] This means that information contained in different parts of the Geography is likely to be of different dates.
A printed map from the 15th century depicting Ptolemy's description of the Ecumene, (1482, Johannes Schnitzer, engraver).
Maps based on scientific principles had been made since the time of Eratosthenes, in the 3rd century BC, but Ptolemy improved map projections. It is known from a speech by Eumenius that a world map, an orbis pictus, doubtless based on the Geography, was on display in a school in Augustodunum, Gaul in the 3rd century.[36] In the 15th century, Ptolemy's Geography began to be printed with engraved maps; the earliest printed edition with engraved maps was produced in Bologna in 1477, followed quickly by a Roman edition in 1478 (Campbell, 1987). An edition printed at Ulm in 1482, including woodcut maps, was the first one printed north of the Alps. The maps look distorted when compared to modern maps, because Ptolemy's data were inaccurate. One reason is that Ptolemy estimated the size of the Earth as too small: while Eratosthenes found 700 stadia for a great circle degree on the globe, Ptolemy uses 500 stadia in the Geography. It is highly probable that these were the same stadion, since Ptolemy switched from the former scale to the latter between the Syntaxis and the Geography, and severely readjusted longitude degrees accordingly. See also Ancient Greek units of measurement and History of geodesy.
Because Ptolemy derived many of his key latitudes from crude longest day values, his latitudes are erroneous on average by roughly 1 degree (2 degrees for Byzantium, 4 degrees for Carthage), though capable ancient astronomers knew their latitudes to more like a minute. (Ptolemy's own latitude was in error by 14'.) He agreed (Geography 1.4) that longitude was best determined by simultaneous observation of lunar eclipses, yet he was so out of touch with the scientists of his day that he knew of no such data more recent than 500 years before (Arbela eclipse). When switching from 700 stadia per degree to 500, he (or Marinos) expanded longitude differences between cities accordingly (a point first realized by P. Gosselin in 1790), resulting in serious over-stretching of the Earth's east-west scale in degrees, though not distance. Achieving highly precise longitude remained a problem in geography until the application of Galileo's Jovian moon method in the 18th century. It must be added that his original topographic list cannot be reconstructed: the long tables with numbers were transmitted to posterity through copies containing many scribal errors, and people have always been adding or improving the topographic data: this is a testimony to the persistent popularity of this influential work in the history of cartography.
The mathematician Claudius Ptolemy 'the Alexandrian', as depicted by a 16th-century engraving[1]
Ptolemy has been referred to as "a pro-astrological authority of the highest magnitude".[37] His astrological treatise, a work in four parts, is known by the Greek term Tetrabiblos, or the Latin equivalent Quadripartitum: "Four Books". Ptolemy's own title is unknown, but may have been the term found in some Greek manuscripts: Apotelesmatika, roughly meaning "Astrological Outcomes", "Effects" or "Prognostics".[38][39]
As a source of reference, the Tetrabiblos is said to have "enjoyed almost the authority of a Bible among the astrological writers of a thousand years or more".[40] It was first translated from Arabic into Latin by Plato of Tivoli (Tiburtinus) in 1138, while he was in Spain.[41] The Tetrabiblos is an extensive and continually reprinted treatise on the ancient principles of horoscopic astrology. That it did not quite attain the unrivaled status of the Almagest was, perhaps, because it did not cover some popular areas of the subject, particularly electional astrology (interpreting astrological charts for a particular moment to determine the outcome of a course of action to be initiated at that time), and medical astrology, which were later adoptions.
The great popularity that the Tetrabiblos did possess might be attributed to its nature as an exposition of the art of astrology, and as a compendium of astrological lore, rather than as a manual. It speaks in general terms, avoiding illustrations and details of practice. Ptolemy was concerned to defend astrology by defining its limits, compiling astronomical data that he believed was reliable and dismissing practices (such as considering the numerological significance of names) that he believed to be without sound basis.
Much of the content of the Tetrabiblos was collected from earlier sources; Ptolemy's achievement was to order his material in a systematic way, showing how the subject could, in his view, be rationalized. It is, indeed, presented as the second part of the study of astronomy of which the Almagest was the first, concerned with the influences of the celestial bodies in the sublunary sphere. Thus explanations of a sort are provided for the astrological effects of the planets, based upon their combined effects of heating, cooling, moistening, and drying.
Ptolemy's astrological outlook was quite practical: he thought that astrology was like medicine, that is conjectural, because of the many variable factors to be taken into account: the race, country, and upbringing of a person affects an individual's personality as much as, if not more than, the positions of the Sun, Moon, and planets at the precise moment of their birth, so Ptolemy saw astrology as something to be used in life but in no way relied on entirely.
A collection of one hundred aphorisms about astrology called the Centiloquium, ascribed to Ptolemy, was widely reproduced and commented on by Arabic, Latin and Hebrew scholars, and often bound together in medieval manuscripts after the Tetrabiblos as a kind of summation. It is now believed to be a much later pseudepigraphical composition. The identity and date of the actual author of the work, referred to now as Pseudo-Ptolemy, remains the subject of conjecture.[dubious – discuss]
Despite Ptolemy's prominence as a philosopher, the Dutch historian of science Eduard Jan Dijksterhuis criticizes the Tetrabiblos, stating that "it only remain puzzling that the very writer of the Almagest, who had taught how to develop astronomy from accurate observations and mathematical constructions, could put together such a system of superficial analogies and unfounded assertions."[42]
Ptolemy also wrote an influential work, Harmonics, on music theory and the mathematics of music.[43] After criticizing the approaches of his predecessors, Ptolemy argued for basing musical intervals on mathematical ratios (in contrast to the followers of Aristoxenus and in agreement with the followers of Pythagoras), backed up by empirical observation (in contrast to the overly theoretical approach of the Pythagoreans). Ptolemy wrote about how musical notes could be translated into mathematical equations and vice versa in Harmonics. This is called Pythagorean tuning because it was first discovered by Pythagoras. However, Pythagoras believed that the mathematics of music should be based on the specific ratio of 3:2, whereas Ptolemy merely believed that it should just generally involve tetrachords and octaves. He presented his own divisions of the tetrachord and the octave, which he derived with the help of a monochord. His Harmonics never had the influence of his Almagest or Planetary Hypotheses, but a part of it (Book III) did encourage Kepler in his own musings on the harmony of the world (Kepler, Harmonice Mundi, Appendix to Book V).[44] Ptolemy's astronomical interests also appeared in a discussion of the "music of the spheres".
His Optics is a work that survives only in a poor Arabic translation and in about twenty manuscripts of a Latin version of the Arabic, which was translated by Eugenius of Palermo (c. 1154). In it, Ptolemy writes about properties of sight (not light), including reflection, refraction, and colour. The work is a significant part of the early history of optics[45] and influenced the more famous 11th-century Book of Optics by Ibn al-Haytham. It contains the earliest surviving table of refraction from air to water, for which the values (with the exception of the 60° angle of incidence), although historically praised as experimentally derived, appear to have been obtained from an arithmetic progression.[46] However according to Mark Smith, Ptolemy's table were based on real experiments[47]
The work is also important for the early history of perception. Ptolemy combined the mathematical, philosophical and physiological traditions. He held an extramission-intromission theory of vision: the rays (or flux) from the eye formed a cone, the vertex being within the eye, and the base defining the visual field. The rays were sensitive, and conveyed information back to the observer's intellect about the distance and orientation of surfaces. Size and shape were determined by the visual angle subtended at the eye combined with perceived distance and orientation. This was one of the early statements of size-distance invariance as a cause of perceptual size and shape constancy, a view supported by the Stoics.[48] Ptolemy offered explanations for many phenomena concerning illumination and colour, size, shape, movement and binocular vision. He also divided illusions into those caused by physical or optical factors and those caused by judgmental factors. He offered an obscure explanation of the sun or moon illusion (the enlarged apparent size on the horizon) based on the difficulty of looking upwards.[49][50]
There are several characters or items named after Ptolemy, including:
The crater Ptolemaeus on the Moon
The crater Ptolemaeus on Mars
The asteroid 4001 Ptolemaeus
Messier 7, sometimes known as the Ptolemy Cluster, an open cluster of stars in the constellation of Scorpius
The Ptolemy stone used in the mathematics courses at both St. John's College campuses in the U.S.
Ptolemy's theorem on distances in a cyclic quadrilateral, and its generalization, Ptolemy's inequality, to non-cyclic quadrilaterals
Ptolemaic graphs, the graphs whose distances obey Ptolemy's inequality
Ptolemy Project, a project at University of California, Berkeley, aimed at modeling, simulating and designing concurrent, real-time, embedded systems
Ptolemy Slocum, actor
Astronomy portal
Equant
Messier 7 – Ptolemy Cluster, star cluster described by Ptolemaeus
Pei Xiu
Ptolemy's Canon – a dated list of kings used by ancient astronomers.
Ptolemy's table of chords
Zhang Heng
^ a b Since no contemporary depictions or descriptions of Ptolemy are known to have existed, later artists' impressions are unlikely to have reproduced his appearance accurately.
^ a b c d Ptolemy at the Encyclopædia Britannica
^ Heath, Sir Thomas (1921). A History of Greek Mathematics. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. vii, 273.
^ Neugebauer, Otto E. (2004). A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 834. ISBN 978-3-540-06995-9. ; "Ptolemy | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com.
^ a b Neugebauer (1975, p. 834); G. J. Toomer, "Ptolemy (or Claudius Ptolemaeus)". Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. 2008. Retrieved from Encyclopedia.com. 21 January 2013. Concerning the possibility that Ptolemy might have been born in Ptolemais Hermiou, Toomer writes:
[T]he only place mentioned in any of Ptolemy's observations is Alexandria, and there is no reason to suppose that he ever lived anywhere else. The statement by Theodore Meliteniotes that he was born in Ptolemais Hermiou (in Upper Egypt) could be correct, but it is late (ca. 1360) and unsupported.
^ Jean Claude Pecker (2001), Understanding the Heavens: Thirty Centuries of Astronomical Ideas from Ancient Thinking to Modern Cosmology, p. 311, Springer, ISBN 3-540-63198-4.
^ "Georg Autenrieth, A Homeric Dictionary, Πτολεμαῖος". www.perseus.tufts.edu.
^ Hill, Marsha (2006). "Egypt in the Ptolemaic Period". Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
^ Pearson, Richard. The History of Astronomy. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-0-244-86650-1.
^ Solin (2012).
^ .[5] "Claudius" is a Roman nomen. These were not borne by provincial non-citizens.[10]
^ Toomer (1970, p. 187)
^ Abu Maʻshar, De magnis coniunctionibus, ed.-transl. K. Yamamoto, Ch. Burnett, Leiden, 2000, 2 vols. (Arabic & Latin text); 4.1.4.
^ Jones (2010). "Ptolemy's Doctrine of the Terms and Its Reception" by Stephan Heilen, p. 68.
^ Robbins, Ptolemy Tetrabiblos "Introduction"; p. x.
^ Asger Aaboe, Episodes from the Early History of Astronomy, New York: Springer, 2001, pp. 62–65.
^ Alexander Jones, "The Adaptation of Babylonian Methods in Greek Numerical Astronomy", in The Scientific Enterprise in Antiquity and the Middle Ages, p. 99.
^ a b
But what we really want to know is to what extent the Alexandrian mathematicians of the period from the 1st to the 5th centuries AD were Greek. Certainly, all of them wrote in Greek and were part of the Greek intellectual community of Alexandria. Most modern studies conclude that the Greek community coexisted ... So should we assume that Ptolemy and Diophantus, Pappus and Hypatia were ethnically Greek, that their ancestors had come from Greece at some point in the past but had remained effectively isolated from the Egyptians? It is, of course, impossible to answer this question definitively. But research in papyri dating from the early centuries of the common era demonstrates that a significant amount of intermarriage took place between the Greek and Egyptian communities ... And it is known that Greek marriage contracts increasingly came to resemble Egyptian ones. In addition, even from the founding of Alexandria, small numbers of Egyptians were admitted to the privileged classes in the city to fulfill numerous civic roles. Of course, it was essential in such cases for the Egyptians to become "Hellenized", to adopt Greek habits and the Greek language. Given that the Alexandrian mathematicians mentioned here were active several hundred years after the founding of the city, it would seem at least equally possible that they were ethnically Egyptian as that they remained ethnically Greek. In any case, it is unreasonable to portray them with purely European features when no physical descriptions exist.
—  Victor J. Katz (1998). A History of Mathematics: An Introduction, p. 184. Addison Wesley, ISBN 0-321-01618-1
^ "Ptolemy". Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2006.
^ George Sarton (1936). "The Unity and Diversity of the Mediterranean World", Osiris 2, p. 406–463 [429].
^ John Horace Parry (1981). The Age of Reconnaissance, p. 10. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-04235-2.
^ J. F. Weidler (1741). Historia astronomiae, p. 177. Wittenberg: Gottlieb. (cf. Martin Bernal (1992). "Animadversions on the Origins of Western Science", Isis 83 (4), p. 596–607 [606].)
^ Martin Bernal (1992). "Animadversions on the Origins of Western Science", Isis 83 (4), p. 596–607 [602, 606].
^ Shahid Rahman; Tony Street; Hassan Tahiri, eds. (2008). "The Birth of Scientific Controversies, The Dynamics of the Arabic Tradition and Its Impact on the Development of Science: Ibn al-Haytham's Challenge of Ptolemy's Almagest". The Unity of Science in the Arabic Tradition. 11. Springer Netherlands. pp. 183–225 [183]. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8405-8. ISBN 978-1-4020-8404-1.
^ "Dennis Rawlins". The International Journal of Scientific History. Retrieved 2009-10-07.
^ Goldstein, Bernard R. (1997). "Saving the Phenomena: The Background to Ptolemy's Planetary Theory". Journal for the History of Astronomy. 28 (1): 1–12. Bibcode:1997JHA....28....1G. doi:10.1177/002182869702800101. S2CID 118875902.
^ S. C. McCluskey, Astronomies and Cultures in Early Medieval Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Pr. 1998, pp. 20–21.
^ Charles Homer Haskins, Studies in the History of Mediaeval Science, New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing, 1967, reprint of the Cambridge, Mass., 1927 edition
^ Dennis Duke, Ptolemy's Cosmology
^ Bernard R. Goldstein, ed., The Arabic Version of Ptolemy's Planetary Hypotheses, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 57, no. 4 (1967), pp. 9–12. Note that the Sun is actually on average at a distance of over 23,000 Earth radii from the Earth, so Ptolemy's estimate of 1210 was off by a factor of almost 20.
^ Evans, James; Berggren, J. Lennart (2018-06-05). Geminos's Introduction to the Phenomena: A Translation and Study of a Hellenistic Survey of Astronomy. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-18715-0.
^ The north celestial pole is the point in the sky lying at the common centre of the circles which the stars appear to people in the northern hemisphere to trace out during the course of a sidereal day.
^ Shcheglov D.A. (2002–2007): "Hipparchus' Table of Climata and Ptolemy's Geography", Orbis Terrarum 9 (2003–2007), 177–180.
^ "DIO". www.dioi.org.
^ Bagrow 1945.
^ Talbert, Richard J. A. (2012). "Urbs Roma to Orbis Romanus". In Talbert (ed.). Ancient Perspectives: Maps and Their Places in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and Rome. Chicago. pp. 170–72. ISBN 978-0-226-78940-8.
^ Jones (2010). The Use and Abuse of Ptolemy's Tetrabiblos in Renaissance and Early Modern Europe by H. Darrel Rutkin, p. 135.
^ Robbins, Ptolemy Tetrabiblos, "Introduction" p. x.
^ Jones (2010) p. xii.
^ Robbins, Ptolemy Tetrabiblos, 'Introduction' p. xii.
^ F. A. Robbins, 1940; Thorndike 1923
^ Dijksterhuis, Eduard Jan (1969). The mechanization of the world picture. Translated by C. Dikshoorn. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 88.
^ Wardhaugh, Benjamin (2017-07-05). Music, Experiment and Mathematics in England, 1653–1705. London and New York: Routledge. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-351-55708-5.
^ Hetherington, Norriss S. Encyclopedia of Cosmology (Routledge Revivals): Historical, Philosophical, and Scientific Foundations of Modern Cosmology Routledge, 8 apr. 2014 ISBN 978-1-317-67766-6 p 527
^ Smith, A. Mark (1996). Ptolemy's Theory of Visual Perception– An English translation of the Optics. The American Philosophical Society. ISBN 0-87169-862-5. Retrieved 27 June 2009.
^ Carl Benjamin Boyer, The Rainbow: From Myth to Mathematics (1959)
^ Smith, Mark (2015). From Sight to Light: The Passage from Ancient to Modern Optics. The University of Chicago Press. pp. 116–118.
^ H. W. Ross and C. Plug, "The History of Size Constancy and Size Illusions", in V. Walsh & J. Kulikowski (eds.) Perceptual Constancy: Why Things Look as They Do. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998, pp. 499–528.
^ H. E. Ross and G. M. Ross, "Did Ptolemy Understand the Moon Illusion?", Perception 5 (1976): 377–395.
^ A. I. Sabra, "Psychology Versus Mathematics: Ptolemy and Alhazen on the Moon Illusion", in E. Grant & J. E. Murdoch (eds.) Mathematics and Its Application to Science and Natural Philosophy in the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987, pp. 217–247.
Quadripartitum, 1622
Bagrow, L. (January 1, 1945). "The Origin of Ptolemy's Geographia". Geografiska Annaler. Geografiska Annaler, Vol. 27. 27: 318–387. doi:10.2307/520071. ISSN 1651-3215. JSTOR 520071.
Berggren, J. Lennart, and Alexander Jones. 2000. Ptolemy's Geography: An Annotated Translation of the Theoretical Chapters. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-01042-0.
Campbell, T. (1987). The Earliest Printed Maps. British Museum Press.
Hübner, Wolfgang, ed. 1998. Claudius Ptolemaeus, Opera quae exstant omnia Vol III/Fasc 1: ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΙΚΑ (= Tetrabiblos). De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-598-71746-8 (Bibliotheca scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana). (The most recent edition of the Greek text of Ptolemy's astrological work, based on earlier editions by F. Boll and E. Boer.)
Lejeune, A. (1989) L'Optique de Claude Ptolémée dans la version latine d'après l'arabe de l'émir Eugène de Sicile. [Latin text with French translation]. Collection de travaux de l'Académie International d'Histoire des Sciences, No. 31. Leiden: E.J.Brill.
Neugebauer, Otto (1975). A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy. I–III. Berlin and New York: Springer Verlag.
Nobbe, C. F. A., ed. 1843. Claudii Ptolemaei Geographia. 3 vols. Leipzig: Carolus Tauchnitus. (Until Stückelberger (2006), this was the most recent edition of the complete Greek text.)
Peerlings, R.H.J., Laurentius F., van den Bovenkamp J.,(2017) The watermarks in the Rome editions of Ptolemy's Cosmography and more, In Quaerendo 47: 307-327, 2017.
Peerlings, R.H.J., Laurentius F., van den Bovenkamp J.,(2018) New findings and discoveries in the 1507/8 Rome edition of Ptolemy's Cosmography, In Quaerendo 48: 139-162, 2018.
Ptolemy. 1930. Die Harmonielehre des Klaudios Ptolemaios, edited by Ingemar Düring. Göteborgs högskolas årsskrift 36, 1930:1. Göteborg: Elanders boktr. aktiebolag. Reprint, New York: Garland Publishing, 1980.
Ptolemy. 2000. Harmonics, translated and commentary by Jon Solomon. Mnemosyne, Bibliotheca Classica Batava, Supplementum, 0169-8958, 203. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. ISBN 90-04-11591-9
Robbins, Frank E. (ed.) 1940. Ptolemy Tetrabiblos. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press (Loeb Classical Library). ISBN 0-674-99479-5 .
Sidoli, Nathan; J. L. Berggren (2007). "The Arabic version of Ptolemy's Planisphere or Flattening the Surface of the Sphere: Text, Translation, Commentary" (PDF). Sciamvs. 37. 8 (139).
Smith, A.M. (1996) Ptolemy's theory of visual perception: An English translation of the Optics with introduction and commentary. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 86, Part 2. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society.
Solin, Heikke (2012), "names, personal, Roman.", in Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (eds.), The Oxford Classical Dictionary, Oxford University Press, retrieved June 8, 2019 .
Stevenson, Edward Luther (trans. and ed.). 1932. Claudius Ptolemy: The Geography. New York: New York Public Library. Reprint, New York: Dover, 1991. (This is the only complete English translation of Ptolemy's most famous work. Unfortunately, it is marred by numerous mistakes and the placenames are given in Latinised forms, rather than in the original Greek).
Stückelberger, Alfred, and Gerd Graßhoff (eds). 2006. Ptolemaios, Handbuch der Geographie, Griechisch-Deutsch. 2 vols. Basel: Schwabe Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7965-2148-5. (Massive 1018 pp. scholarly edition by a team of a dozen scholars that takes account of all known manuscripts, with facing Greek and German text, footnotes on manuscript variations, color maps, and a CD with the geographical data)
Taub, Liba Chia (1993). Ptolemy's Universe: The Natural Philosophical and Ethical Foundations of Ptolemy's Astronomy. Chicago: Open Court Press. ISBN 0-8126-9229-2.
Ptolemy's Almagest, Translated and annotated by G. J. Toomer. Princeton University Press, 1998
Sir Thomas Heath, A History of Greek Mathematics, Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1921.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ptolemy.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Ptolemy
Ptolemy's Tetrabiblos at LacusCurtius (Transcription of the Loeb Classical Library's English translation)
Entire Tetrabiblos of J.M. Ashmand's 1822 translation.
Ptolemy's Geography at LacusCurtius (English translation, incomplete)
Extracts of Ptolemy on the country of the Seres (China) (English translation)
Almagest books 1–13 The complete text of Heiberg's edition (PDF) Greek.
Almagest books 1–6 (in Greek) with preface (in Latin) at archive.org
Geography, digitized codex made in Italy between 1460 and 1477, translated to Latin by Jacobus Angelus at Somni. Also known as codex valentinus, it is the oldest manuscript of the codices with maps of Ptolemy with the donis projections.
Hieronymi Cardani ... In Cl. Ptolemaei ... IIII De astrorum judiciis From the Rare Book and Special Collection Division at the Library of Congress
Almagestū Cl. Ptolemei From the Rare Book and Special Collection Division at the Library of Congress
Franz Boll (1894), "Studien über Claudius Ptolemaeus. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der griechischen Philosophie und Astrologie" In: Neue Jahrbücher für Philologie und Pädagogik, Supplementband 21,2. Teubner, Leipzig, pp. 49–244.
Arnett, Bill (2008). "Ptolemy, the Man". obs.nineplanets.org. Archived from the original on 2005-05-29. Retrieved 2008-11-24.
Danzer, Gerald (1988). "Cartographic Images of the World on the Eve of the Discoveries". The Newberry Library. Retrieved 26 November 2008.
Haselein, Frank (2007). "Κλαυδιου Πτολεμιου: Γεωγραφικῆς Ύφηγήσεως (Geographie)" (in German and English). Frank Haselein. Archived from the original on 2008-09-18. Retrieved 2008-11-24.
Houlding, Deborah (2003). "The Life & Work of Ptolemy". Skyscript.co. Retrieved 2008-11-24.
Jones, Alexander (ed.) 2010. Ptolemy in Perspective: Use and Criticism of his Work from Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century. New York: Series: Archimedes, Vol. 23., ISBN 978-90-481-2787-0
Toomer, Gerald J. (1970). "Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemæus)" (PDF). In Gillispie, Charles (ed.). Dictionary of Scientific Biography. 11. New York: Scribner & American Council of Learned Societies. pp. 186–206. ISBN 978-0-684-10114-9.
Sprague, Ben (2001–2007). "Claudius Ptolemaeus (Ptolemy): Representation, Understanding, and Mathematical Labeling of the Spherical Earth". Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science. Retrieved 26 November 2008.
Java simulation of the Ptolemaic System – at Paul Stoddard's Animated Virtual Planetarium, Northern Illinois University
Animation of Ptolemy's Two Solar Hypotheses on YouTube
Epicycle and Deferent Demo – at Rosemary Kennett's website at the University of Syracuse
Flash animation of Ptolemy's universe. (best in Internet Explorer)
Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries. High resolution images of works by Ptolemy in .jpg and .tiff format.
Codex Vaticanus graecus 1291 (Vat.gr.1291) in Vatican Digital Library - Complete reproduction of the 9th century manuscript of Ptolemy's Handy Tables.
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in Epirus
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BNF: cb11920750r (data)
SNAC: w6sb49q2
TDVİA: batlamyus
VcBA: 495/45680


text:
Q: Formatting Request Header Values Trying to figure out if I need to escape characters in my header value.  Much like the example belowif I'm sending a header authorization over for OAuth to a server resource:
"PUT /api/v1/articles/6.json HTTP/1.1\r\nAccept: /\r\nUser-Agent: OAuth gem v0.4.5\r\nContent-Length: 9\r\nContent-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\nAuthorization: OAuth oauth_consumer_key=\"nMu4u9pLRfDrxhPVK5yn\", oauth_nonce=\"5346IG1e5bV3ytQwdFqkP8Rgr0VJiA9Xb4FE0\", oauth_signature=\"64545G%2Byp%2F2BsqJ%2BUUgbjIIIV9E%3D\", oauth_signature_method=\"HMAC-SHA1\", oauth_timestamp=\"1330022891\", oauth_token=\"ivouGxpsJbyIU5viPKOO\", oauth_version=\"1.0\"\r\nConnection: close\r\nHost: someHostNameHere\r\n\r\n"

Right now I'm sending it (the value portion for my Authorization collection) over as one big string like this for my value for the authorization key:
"OAuth oauth_consumer_key=Mu4u9pLRfDrxhPVK5y, oauth_nonce=5346IG1e5bV3ytQwdFqkP8Rgr0VJiA9Xb4FE0, oauth_signature=64545G%2Byp%2F2BsqJ%2BUUgbjIIIV9E%3D, oauth_signature_method=HMAC-SHA1, oauth_timestamp=1330022891, oauth_token=ivouGxpsJbyIU5viPKOO, oauth_version=1.0"

A: Here's how I would do it:
var url = "https://somedomain.com/resource/v1/";
var request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;
request.Method = "POST";
request.ContentType = "text/xml";
var oAuthHeader = "OAuth oauth_consumer_key=Mu4u9pLRfDrxhPVK5y, oauth_nonce=5346IG1e5bV3ytQwdFqkP8Rgr0VJiA9Xb4FE0, oauth_signature=64545G%2Byp%2F2BsqJ%2BUUgbjIIIV9E%3D, oauth_signature_method=HMAC-SHA1, oauth_timestamp=1330022891, oauth_token=ivouGxpsJbyIU5viPKOO, oauth_version=1.0";
request.Headers.Add("Authorization", oAuthHeader);
var response = request.GetResponse();

Not sure why you would want to construct your own raw HttpRequest.  Obviously you would call some function to generate your OAuth header values, this is demonstrative only.


This is sad. Zsa Zsa, an English bulldog that won the World's Ugliest Dog contest just weeks ago, has died.
According to the Associated Press, Zsa Zsa died in her sleep on Tuesday at the age of nine. Zsa Zsa was named the 2018 World's Ugliest Dog on June 23 at the Sonoma-Marin Fairgrounds in Petaluma, California. Zsa Zsa has an enormous tongue, crooked teeth, and was decked out with pink toenails for the competition. After winning, Zsa Zsa was featured on NBC's Today, and was spotted at the Dan + Shay concert as part of the show's summer concert series.
A trophy and cash prize is awarded to the owner of the world's ugliest dog each summer. "For 25 years, the Contest has been a testament that all dogs do not have to meet AKC pedigree standards to be man's (or woman's) best friend," says the Sonoma-Marin Fairgrounds' website.


Utazi (Gongronema latifolium ) just like other tropical plants is highly medicinal and has been used over the years traditionally in the treatment of various ailments and diseases. With the recent increase in cases of deadly diseases, it is very important that one should have a good understanding of the chemical composition of the food we eat.
G. latifolium is a perennial edible shrub of the family, Asclepiadaceae widely employed in Nigeria for various medicinal and nutritional purposes. It is cultivated mostly in West African countries such as Nigeria, Côte d'Ivoire, Sierra Leone, Ghana and Senegal, etc. In the southern part of Nigeria were it is commonly grown it is known as Utazi by the igbos, the Yoruba's call it arokeke, Efik and Ibibio call it Urasi.
Gongronema latifolium has a characteristics sharp, bitter and slightly sweet taste, especially when eaten fresh. It is used in preparing local delicacies such as nkwobi, isi ewu, abacha, ugba, plantain porridge and soup. The parts commonly used are leaves, stem and root.
G. Latifolium contains essential oils, glycoside, alkaloids, saponins and tannin, various minerals, vitamins and some essential amino acids.
Utazi leaf can be used to relieve pain caused by bruises, cuts, inflammation, rashes etc. A paste of the leaf should be made and applied to the affected area. (external application). Also aqueous extract of the leaf can be taken to provide relief from internal pain.
According to research, the methanol extracts of G. Latifolium show activity against S. aureus, L.monocytogenes, S. enteritidis, P. aeruginosa and S. Cholerasius ser typhimurium.
Gongronema Latifolium is good for management of diabetes because its useful in maintaining healthy blood glucose level. In a small clinical trial, the blood glucose concentration of healthy humans was determined after consumption of the leaves, and it showed a significant reduction in blood glucose level.
A decoction of the roots, combined with other plant species is taken to treat sickle cell anaemia.
The antioxidant property of Utazi makes a useful tool for treating cancer. The antioxidant protects the body by acting as free radical scavengers. G. latifolium leaf extracts were reported to exhibit strong inhibitory activity against human lung carcinoma and human breast adenocarcinoma in vitro.
Research has it that Gongronema Latifolium has anti-ashmatic potential. Asthmatic patients can chew the fresh leaves of G.latifolium to relieve wheezing while a cold maceration of the roots of the plant can be consumed as treatment for asthma.
G. Latifolium used for treating inflammation such as arthritis, muscular pain and orchitis. To test for possible anti-inflammatory property of the plant in chronic inflammatory conditions, arthritis was induced in experimental rats and G.latifolium extracts were found to significantly and dose-dependently inhibit the arthritis formation.
The stem bark extract of Gongronema Latifolium has equally been reported to have anti-ulcerative property.
Aqueous extract from Utazi leaf can be used to treat malaria. Gongronema Latifolium has antiplasmodal activity, this supports the traditional use of the leaf extract of the plant for local treatment of malaria.
Essien et al. reported that G. latifolium is used to treat cough in Nigeria. The leaves when chewed raw or infused with hot water can act as a fast relief for catarrh, congested chest, running nose and cough.
Utazi leaves can promote the detoxification actions of the liver. It can be macerated in alcohol and used for the treatment of viral hepatitis and bilharzia. It can be used to prevent drunkenness because it neutralises the intoxicating properties of alcohol and its harmful effects on the liver.
An ethanolic leaf extract possessed significant anti-lipid peroxidative activities.
Utazi leaves aids digestion by stimulating the digestive system. It stimulates the flow of bile and increase appetite for food. Juice extracted from Utazi leaves can used in the home treatment of sore gums, colic, dyspepsia,loss of appetite, stomach ache, constipation,dysentery and intestinal worms.


text:
NY Jets Forum
NY Jets Talk
WR Lawrence Cager Signs With Browns
By jetsrule128,
October 5, 2021 in NY Jets Forum
jetsrule128 374,725
jetsrule128
WORST. CAPTAIN. EVER.
The Cleveland Browns have signed WR Lawrence Cager to the practice squad.
Cager is a 6-5, 220-pound second year player out of Georgia. He signed to the New York Jets as an undrafted free agent in 2020 and spent the first 10 weeks on the Jets' practice squad before signing to the active roster during Week 13. He has totaled 35 receiving yards on two catches, all in his NFL debut and first start in Week 3 against Indianapolis after getting elevated from the practice squad for Weeks 3 and 4. Cager spent his first four years of college at Miami (Fla.) before transferring as a grad student to Georgia in 2019, finishing his career with 78 receptions for 1,157 yards and 14 touchdowns. Cager hails from Baltimore, Md.
fltflo 888
fltflo
2nd Year Veteran
Always like the kid at Miami, just could not stay healthy. Best of luck on his journey of playing full time in the NFL.
Sent from my iPhone using JetNation.com mobile app


Set in Texas hill country, La Hacienda is on a stunning 40 acres of limestone and granite that will truly impress. La Hacienda Treatment Center is a private addiction treatment facility for those 16 years of age and older. La Hacienda also offer on-site medical detox services, and is staffed to manage anyone requiring dual diagnosis treatment. This center is known as one of the top Texas rehabilitation centers available in the state.
La Hacienda is a 12-step based recovery program at its core. They utilize addiction medicine, group counseling, and individual therapy to aid their residence in recovery. What we really enjoy about La Hacienda, is that is places an emphasis on the emotional and physical changes people go through in early recovery. Because of this, La Hacienda residence will see a doctor every day they are in treatment. This is unheard of in the industry, and really shows the extra mile La Hacienda is willing to go for their clients.
Although a 12-step program is not faith based at its core, La Hacienda Rehab Center offers a Christian focused program for residence seeing a more faith-based or Christian rehab center. They also offer a recovering professionals program geared to those with professional careers that need help, youth help for young adults, and finally, a family program that spans over the course of several days.
At La Hacienda, residence share rooms, which are well equipped. The grounds of La Hacienda are beautiful with lush, mature landscape. The food here is chef-prepared for all three meals each day. Staff and residence all eat together as to form more community in treatment. As for getting out and enjoying the acres of land, La Hacienda takes full advantage. Offering Rope courses, a pool, and field trips on a frequent basis.
The VAST majority of the reviews from several websites were highly positive. Don't let the star rank of 4 out of 5 fool you. Read the reviews. Most people talk about the value in daily medical attention. As we mentioned before, this is not something that is often done, so it is no wonder patients love it!


The 5th Annual Taste of Adams Avenue is June 27th, 2004. This year the event will cover restaurants from the Kensington, Normal Heights, and Antique Row areas of Adams Avenue. Passes are a reasonable $10.00 considering all the food samples you will have access to. There will be several convenient trolley bus tour stops along Adams Avenue. See event details below.