text:
Qur'an Contradiction
How many angels were talking to Mary?
Since the resurrection of Jesus is the main proof for his claims in regard to his deity, many have tried to disprove this account by pointing to contradictions in it. Since Muslims deny the crucifixion they obviously also have to deny the resurrection. One of the favorite items on the list of Bible contradictions, presented by atheists and Muslims alike, is therefore that in the Gospel according to Mark, chapter 16 [also Matthew 28], the women encounter at the grave on Jesus a man [angel] which is read to mean one and only one angel, while according to Luke, chapter 24 [also John 20], it is explicitely stated that they encountered two angels. I am not concerned about atheists here, but it is most interesting to see that these Muslims do not know their own Qur'an since otherwise they wouldn't make so much noise about things like this.
There are (at least) two passages in the Qur'an relating the announciation of Jesus' birth to Mary.
Behold! the angels said: "O Mary! Allah has chosen thee ...
Behold! the angels said: "O Mary! Allah gives thee glad tidings ...
-- Sura 3:42 & 45
... then we sent to her Our angel, and he appeared before her as a man in all respects.
She said: "I seek refuge from thee to (Allah) Most Gracious: (Come not near) If thou dost fear Allah."
-- Sura 19:17-18
How many angels came to Mary? In Sura 3, the Arabic uses the plural form, which means there were no less than three angels, but this could also mean that there were actually four, or a thousand, or a million etc.!
Why does Mary only seek refuge from one of the angels as she only addresses one in Sura 19:18? Were the others not like men and threatening to her?
Incidentally, this problem in the Qur'an is much harder to resolve for Muslims than the Biblical one for Christians, since in the Qur'an Mary addresses this one angel and it is clear she only speaks to one angel which would be strange if there are three or more around her. In the Bible the angels are not directly addressed by the women. Hence nothing establishes that there is only one. Mark and Matthew might have only mentioned the one who is prominent and who is the one talking while Luke and John make clear there were actually two of them.
After meeting the President and Vice-President on the street somewhere, I might come home and only say, I saw the President today. Nothing in such a statement precludes that I also met the second in command and maybe more people too.
I am happy to accept this same explanation for the Qur'an, but it is less convincing than for the Bible. One would have to explain why Mary twice addresses only one of them and also does not fear the other angels.
Jochen Katz
Postscript / update / correction : At the time of formulating the above observation, I used the translation of Abdullah Yusuf Ali. Only later it became clear that Yusuf Ali actually mistranslates S. 19:17 where the Arabic text does not speak of an angel, but says that "We sent her our spirit". Although Muslims generally assume that this spirit was the angel Gabriel (so that the above formulation is still relevant under this assumption), this identification is actually questionable, see these articles (1, 2). Fact is, the name Gabriel is not mentioned at all in either one of the quranic accounts. However, since the above version received so many Muslim responses and was discussed in the above stated form, I decided to rather add this note instead of changing the above text. The reader is advised to consult the below listed responses which provide detailed discussions on this and other issues related to these two texts in the Qur'an.
Muslim responses to the above are available from Randy Desmond, Misha'al Al-Kadhi, Moiz Amjad (Understanding Islam), Mahmoud Hussein, Ahmad al-Majed, Ansar Al-'Adl (Load Islam).
Muslim Response by Randy Desmond
There is an assumption that the author of the contradiction makes which I can not verify. That assumption is that 3:42-45 and 19:17-18 are the same occasion. Is it not reasonable that Mary (may God be pleased with her) was informed of what was to happen more than once? Keep in mind assumptions which do not contradict the Qur'an and allow an uncontradictory solution, like the one I am entertaining with respect to the number of times Mary was informed angelic beings, may not be the actual truth (and I am not saying that Mary was told this information once, twice, or many times), but nevertheless those assumptions which illustrate that a contradiction has not been proven are just as valid as assumptions which lead to contradictions. Therefore, the contradiction has not been proven at all, and with that I leave it with the following: God knows best how many times Mary was told this information and who told her.
So according to the criteria of proving a contradiction, the contradiction author's argument fails. If the reader is wondering what the criteria of proof of contradiction is, see my response to this web site's page on "Heavens or Earth, Which was created first?" In that response I detail how to determine whether or not a proposed contradiction has proven its point.
We observe that even the responding party is uncomfortable with his own proposed solution. I don't have much more to add. I don't have to prove contradictions in the Qur'an. I leave it to the reader to judge how credible the suggestion of multiple announcements is. After all, this would indicate the lack of belief on the part of Mary to the first announcement. Read the whole passage and observe that both times Mary reacts to the announcement of the son with the same question of "How can this be, having never been with a man". Can we really believe she would have forgotten such a momentous encounter with angelic messenger(s) and the explanation given then to the very same question?
Misha'al Al-Kadhi gave another response which was incredibly verbose (more than a dozen pages) ... maybe in the hope that the reader would be so overawed by his "scholarship" just because of the mere volume of it? Maybe he hoped nobody would read to the end and realize the crucial flaws in his argument? Anyway, I tortured myself and an Arab brother, Bassam Khoury, to study it, and here is the essence of it as well as the rebuttal. Al-Kadhi's full argument is available at this site. Mr. Al-Kadhi's arguments are indented.
This is why to this day we find the Queen of England, French dignitaries, and most Arab leaders referring to themselves, or referred to by others in the plural sense.
This is wrong already in English or French and is just as wrong in Arabic. Because in Arabic when using the "royal we" it takes a plural *verb*, but never a plural *noun*. That is exactly as in English, and it was Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher who announced the birth of a granddaughter by saying: "We are a grandmother," but she did not and could NEVER say "We are grandmothers". And it is the same in Arabic. Only the verb can be plural, not the noun. In the above text the noun is plural: "angels".
A similar case to the above is the one presented by our current author. The first three verses (Aal-Umran(3):42-45) do indeed use the word "angels." However, this plural form of the word is used to describe only one angel, specifically, angel Gabriel. Such constructs are used in the Arabic language as a symbol of dignity and respect for that person. This is a popular Arabic grammatical construct called "al-majaz al-mursal" which falls under the subheading of Arabic grammar titled "Balaghah" ...
Wrong again because:
"Al majaz al mursal" means "A word used in a different way than its original like saying "the fire has eaten the wood" the word "eaten" here is not in the normal use as eating is for human and animals but not for fire. There are two kinds of Majaz:
1- majaz aqli `logical metaphor'
2- majaz lughawi `lingustic metaphor'
(Quote translated from "Student reference in the Arabic language" by Raajee al Asmar, Beirut 1995 pg 381)
"Majaz mursal" is a type of the latter. "If there is no similarity between the new word and the referent (original word), it's called "majaz mursal". An example would be: I have drunk one glass". There is no similarity between the glass and what is in it; we drink what is in it not the glass itself (example also found in the above quoted text).
I cannot see how the above falls under this heading. Continuing where we left off:
... and which we can not get into here since it requires a basic knowledge of the Arabic language and its grammar. Suffice it to say that there are at least two quick clues to this matter which even non-Arabic speaking people can appreciate. The first one is that in the first set of verses, verses 46-48 say: "The angels said... Mary said... HE replied" meaning that we are speaking about an angel designated as "he" and not "they," in the same very verses themselves.
In the orginal Arabic text of the Qur'an it is clear that the "He" refers to God. At-Tabari in his comment on this verse 3:47 says: "Allah said to her "Even so; Allah createth what he willeth"
But even if it should refer to one angel here (against the witness of at-Tabari), then it only means that his particular answer to Mary's question was spoken by only one angel, and the others might have been silent. Plural nouns still can't be interpreted to be singular.
Secondly, a similar construct can be found elsewhere in the Qur'an which can hopefully clarify this construct to non-Arabic speakers. For example, in Al-Nahi(16):120 we read: "Verily Abraham was a nation obedient to Allah and he was not of the polytheists."
We notice here that prophet Abraham (pbuh) is described as a "nation." Does this mean that he is literally a few hundred thousand people? No. This is an Qur'anic term of exaltation and elevation for Abraham above all humans such that he is higher in regard and reward with God than an entire nation of mortals. In the same manner, the status of the angel Gabriel with God is of a similar stature among the angels. There are many other similar constructs in the Arabic language, many of which are applied to angel Gabriel in more than one location in the Qur'an to set him apart from all other angels....
I found this a lot these days: Muslims use Yusuf Ali's translation when they like what he says and they ignore it when they don't like it.
If we look at Ali's translation of this verse, we see that he says: Sura 16:120 - "Abraham was indeed a model..." Jalal as-Suyuti in his comment on this verse says: "Umma" - which Al Kadhi translates as nation - means "Imaman", i.e. a model/example/leader:
Truly Abraham was a community, a leader (imām), a [good] example, comprising [in his character] all the good traits, obedient to God, a hanīf, inclining towards the upright religion, and he was not of the idolaters; (Tafsir al-Jalalayn)
Ibn Abbas interprets similarly:
(Lo! Abraham was a nation) a leader who was emulated (obedient to Allah, by nature upright) sincerely surrendered to Allah, (and he was not of the idolaters) he did not follow the idolaters in their religion; (Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn 'Abbâs)
Moreover, the Quran may be using the word "Umma" in reference to Abraham being the federal head of a community of believers. The plural may be including the multitudes of believers from the descendants of Abraham, with Abraham standing in their place as their corporate head. This concept is not foreign to either the Holy Bible or the Quran since both books teach the concepts of federal headship and corporate solidarity, just as the following texts demonstrate:
"One might even say that Levi, who collects the tenth, paid the tenth through Abraham, because when Melchizedek met Abraham, Levi was still in the body of his ancestor." Hebrews 7:9-10
When thy Lord drew forth from the Children of Adam - from their loins - their descendants, and made them testify concerning themselves, (saying): "Am I not your Lord (who cherishes and sustains you)?"- They said: "Yea! We do testify!" (This), lest ye should say on the Day of Judgment: "Of this we were never mindful": Or lest ye should say: "Our fathers before us may have taken false gods, but we are (their) descendants after them: wilt Thou then destroy us because of the deeds of men who were futile?" S. 7:172-173
Yet such a usage provides no support for al-Kadhi's argument, since "Umma" is being used for Abraham and his seed whereas "angels", according to al-Kadhi, refers to Gabriel alone.
It is also possible that Sura 16:120 contains a grammatical error, that the author wrongly used a plural for a singular subject. That this is a plausible interpretation can be readily seen from the fact that the Quran contains dozens of grammatical errors, see this section.
Whatever the case maybe, Sura 16:120 does not support al-Kadhi's position.
Al-Kadhi continues:
Getting back to our current example, we find that in both of the quoted verses angel Gabriel is referred to through popular Arabic constructs of respect and exaltation. In the first it is demonstrated in the use of the plural construct, in the second it is demonstrated in the use of his official title of "Holy Spirit," where we see that the verse says that "We (God) sent unto her (Mary) Our Spirit (Gabriel)..."
So why doesn't the Qur'an say then: "We sent unto her our spirits"? Since elsewhere the singular word malaak (angel) becomes malaa'ika (angels)? The one with the highest honor among the angels is left in the singular?
Furthermore, it does only say "Spirit" and not "Holy Spirit".
Even in English is not too much of a stretch to understand the intent. If a president has a highly esteemed ambassador whom he has entrusted with a significant task, and this president wishes to bestow upon this ambassador and his message an air of importance, then he would not say "I have sent some guy...." or "I have sent one of my people.." since this would reflect badly on that ambassador as someone who is not even worthy to remember his name or his service. It would also reflect badly on the message itself since it would imply that the message was of such little importance that it was entrusted to someone of such little merit. Rather, one way to convey an air of dignity and importance to the messenger as well as the message would be to mention the man's office, such as to say "I sent my ambassador.." Another way would be to directly exalt him such as saying "I sent my most trusted and faithful aid..." And finally, in Arabic one could use the plural form such as to say "I sent THEM (him).."
... etc. etc. without end ... and without substance ... It should be clear by now that Mr. Al-Kadhi knows more about skillful propaganda than he knows Arabic.
No, we do NOT say "I sent THEM (him).." in Arabic. I wish he could find for me one single example of someone saying "we sent our ambassadors" when he means one man. This is a propaganda trick and plain false. "Bring your proof if you are truthful," is the charge of the Qur'an to you.
I have heard statements made by Arab leaders or even individuals using the pronoun "WE" for just themselves.
I have heard individuals addressing leaders, religious people, or even government employees, with "YOU" (in the plural form, like "Sie" in German or "Vouz" in French), or with words like "your majesty" or "excellency" in the plural form. But I never heard anybody using the third person pronoun in the plural form even if the third person was a king or president.
Arabs may address a president or anybody by the word "Hadratoukom", "Seyadatoukom", Jalalatoukom" ... but when mentioning those people as a third person, it is never said, "Hadratouhom, "Seyadatouhom", or Jalalatouhom", but in the singular third person form, i.e. "Hadratouhou", "Seyadatouhou" or "Jalalatouhou", regardless of the importance of that third person.
The use of the plural form when talking about the angel in 3:42 & 45 does not make any sense unless the Qur'an really means that there were more than one angel speaking with Mary. The Verse 47 in Sura 3 uses the verb "Qala" in the singular form refering to one angel.
And my Arab friend who wrote up this rebuttal, concludes:
Finally: it is *our* opinion that his argument does not hold water (or should that be *their* argument, or arguments, doesn't or don't hold water or waters) ??
My conclusion: The difficulty remains. I still think it is relatively weak in comparison to some of the others on this site, but it is nevertheless real.
The response by Mr. Al-Kadhi though is worth pondering well since it shows what amount of false propaganda some people are ready to produce in order to defend the indefensible and to deceive those whom they think cannot see through their schemes. The rebuttal fraud was worse then the difficulty we started out with. It certainly would have deserved an entry in the "Dictionary of Misinformation" by Tom Burnam, Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1975.
Muslim Response by Mahmoud Hussein
Date: Wed, 27 May 1998 12:09:27 +1000
From: COMP1001 Student <z1234567@student.unsw.edu.au>
Organization: School of Computer Science, UNSW
To: jkatz@math.gatech.edu
Subject: Errors on your web page
I am a muslim living in Sydney, Australia, my name and contact address
are listed below. I am writing to you with reference to your web page
titled "Difficulties in the Qur'an"
( http://answering-islam.org/Quran/Contra/ ). I am some what concerned
that even after I have written to you explaining your errors, that they
will remain on the page. So I have picked one such error ( under
internal contradictions (2), referring to the amount of angels that
visited Mary {may God be pleased with her}), after explaining the error
I would prefer a response and for the site to be corrected. I will then,
time permitting, go through as many as your claims as possible and
debunk them one by one. I would appreciate that this letter be posted in
it's entirety on the site, and just the correction.
In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
Your claim was that ( under the heading of  "how many angels were
talking to Mary") in one section of the Qurán {3:42-45} it was said that
several angels visited Mary ( may God be pleased with her ), then in
another section {19:17-21} it quoted that only one angel visited her. In
your haste, and excitement in thinking that you have found an error, you
let the simple response to this claim jump up and fly over your head.
This response is also given by M. A. Yusef in his commentary associated
with verse { 19:17-21}. The answer is basically this; that the Qurán is
referring to two separate situations.
When the glad tidings of the birth of a son was first revealed to her,
by several angels, she was confused as in her words "no man has touched
me"{3:42-45}. She then asked her Lord for clarification, in reply he
sends one angel to answer her query{19:17-21}. The angel again gives her
the glad tidings of a son named Jesus, who will be a mightier prophet
and messenger of God, and tells Mary (  may God be pleased with her )
even though no man had touched her that when God decrees a matter, "He
but says 'be' and it is".
So as you can see the error you claim you found in the Qurán, is but
your error; as are all the errors you claim on your site. So if you want
me to go through as many errors as one simple soul is able to I will, or
if you have a special request i.e. request some in particular errors
which you think are infallible; I will also sort out those for you. All
you have to do is to respond to this letter, and display it in full on
the web-site I am referring to.
And if you do not, you know that in your heart you are propagating lies,
and damned lies at that! And you should always remember ( even as a
Christian ) we believe in a day in which all falsehood and truth is
delta with by God, the All Knowing. And even if you able to hide your
lies now, on that day you will be questioned why you lied, claiming
truth as falsehood, and you shall get the punishment due to you.......
unless you repent. This is of course the Day of Judgement.
Mahmoud Hussein.
University of New South Wales.
e-mail address:- 2231338@sigma.maths.unsw.edu.au. If this doesn't work
try putting a "u" infront of the number; or h3096169@bohm.anu.edu.au.
Comment: What is the purpose of the accusations and threats? Can we not talk about this like civilized people? Have you not clearly seen that I offer to display or link to any answer? I already had three other answers here. Sure I will add yours. Even when you insult me. It is displayed exactly as received.
Muslim Response by Ahmad AL-MAJED
Assuming that it was one occasion is not correct at all. Thus, if u have two men talking to you today and only one man the next day is logical. Furthermore, the two subjects were completely different in the two different versus.I do not understand why u r choosing this as a contradiction!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
"The Learner" (Moiz Amjad) responds in a lengthy article at his own website Understanding Islam. We provide detailed rebuttals to both parts of his response: (1) The Annunciation Accounts of the Quran, (2) The Resurrection Accounts of the Bible.
Contradictions in the Qur'an
Answering Islam Home Page


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What should the Cowboys do with Demarcus Lawrence?
Earlier this week, the Dallas Cowboys franchised pass rusher Demarcus Lawrence for the second consecutive season. His cap hit for 2019 is going to be $20 million. It had been reported that the Cowboys told Lawrence and his representatives that they would not use the franchise tag on him again.
Lawrence isn't happy with the franchise tag and is not expected to report to any of the teams offseason activities unless a deal is reached. The Cowboys have until July 15th to work out a long term deal. Over the past five years, roughly half of the franchised tagged players have agreed to such deals, including Dez Bryant with the Cowboys before the 2015 season.
However, this particular situation can't be compared to the other franchise tag situations around the league. The reason being, Lawrence is putting off his surgery on his torn labrum until a deal is reached. The recovery time is 3-4 months, so if the Cowboys wait until July 15th under their "deadlines make deals" policy, they will be without Lawrence until October or November.
With that being said, what should the Cowboys do?
There has been nothing reported as far as what Lawrence is looking for with his new deal, but it is expected to be near Khalil Mack territory. Mack signed a six-year, $141 million contract extension before the 2018 season. That deal included $90 million in guarantees with $60 million guaranteed at the signing.
The NFL works with a "next man up" type policy when it comes to contracts, meaning the next guy in line for a new contract expects more than the previous guy.
I don't blame the Cowboys for trying to avoid having to go there and I believe that the Cowboys should make their best offer before the draft starts on April 25th and if he declines, they should look to trade him.
Obviously, that's not the popular opinion but at that point Lawrence most likely signs his franchise tag at some point before November (the deadline for players to sign the franchise tag and get paid for that season) and collects his $20 million and gets paid to recover from the surgery and hits the open market next offseason and at that point, the bridge as been burned between the team and Lawrence.
Staff writer covering the Dallas Cowboys | Grew up in Plano, Texas. Graduated from Plano east in 2009, graduated from American broadcasting school in 2011. Big time DFW sports fan. Once went to Shawn Marions pool party the summer the Mavs won the championship.


Joao and AG start off by talking about what they think should be on Peppermint Seven but end up talking about more general distro stuff. And listener feedback.
And in the off tangent (starts at 43:12), they talk about historiography and art.
As promised, here's the Ubuntu manga.


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Another customer explains how the service center engineer fixed the iPhone screen in less than quarter of an hour.
These are just two examples of more than seven hundred positive reviews. Naturally, the customers love them a lot. No wonder, this center ranks No. 1 on Yelp as well as Google reviews. They richly deserve their top billing.


text:
Q: remove values less than a number in excel array I have a value that needs to calculate stock based on the previous years sales:
{=CEILING(SUM(IF('Inventory Transactions'!$H$2:$H$7137=LEFT($B6,3),IF('Inventory Transactions'!$O$2:$O$7137='Do Not Edit This Sheet'!C6,'Inventory Transactions'!$AD$2:$AD$7137,0),0))/12*2,25)}

In the cell I was testing this in that returns 50 (when I do the math manually this makes sense) calculating sales where the type of sale from do not edit this sheet is correct then dividing by 12 and multiplying by 2 to get a 2 month supply and rounding up to the next highest multiple of 25 units. however my boss now wants to make anything that sold less than 100 units last year or 17/month "0" and I have tried
{=CEILING(IF(SUM(IF('Inventory Transactions'!$H$2:$H$7137=LEFT($B6,3),IF('Inventory Transactions'!$O$2:$O$7137='Do Not Edit This Sheet'!C6,'Inventory Transactions'!$AD$2:$AD$7137,0),0))/12*2 <=17,0),25)}

and
{=CEILING(SUM(IF(IF('Inventory Transactions'!$H$2:$H$7137=LEFT($B6,3),IF('Inventory Transactions'!$O$2:$O$7137='Do Not Edit This Sheet'!C6,'Inventory Transactions'!$AD$2:$AD$7137,0),0))< 100,0)/12*2,25)}

with no luck it returns 0 either way and shouldn't because it returns 50 regularly which means the number/month is greater than 25
I'm sure its probably a relatively simple problem and I'm missing something simple.

A: I tried to analyze your first attempt at changing your formula. The three first functions

ceiling(IF(SUM(RestOfTheFormula)/12*2 <=17,0),25)

seem to read in plain English: If the sum of RestOfTheFormula is inferior or equal to 17 then  return a zero value or else return nothing (as the FALSE part of the conditionnal statement is not given) , then the result  will be rounded to 25 if superior to zero.
I'm not sure a 100%, but try to make you first IF statement return the value evalued; sthg like:

ceiling(IF(SUM(RestOfTheFormula)/12*2 <=17,0,SUM(RestOfTheFormula)),25)

or in your terms:

'=CEILING(IF(SUM(IF('Inventory Transactions'!$H$2:$H$7137=LEFT($B6,3),IF('Inventory Transactions'!$O$2:$O$7137='Do Not Edit This Sheet'!C6,'Inventory Transactions'!$AD$2:$AD$7137,0),0))/12*2 <=17,0,(IF('Inventory Transactions'!$H$2:$H$7137=LEFT($B6,3),IF('Inventory Transactions'!$O$2:$O$7137='Do Not Edit This Sheet'!C6,'Inventory Transactions'!$AD$2:$AD$7137,0),0))),25)

If I'm wrong, let me know i'll just delete this post.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The Never-Ending 'Crisis'
On Friday the UK Parliament again voted down the a Brexit deal that UK Prime Minister Theresa May negotiated with the European Union. The vote leaves the UK in a simlar position as when Korn Ferry wrote about the situation two weeks ago: leave the EU without a deal, ask for a deadline extension, or go back to the drawing board. It's another reminder that UK leaders have to stay focus their organizations and themselves on long-term objectives.
Nearly three years running and still no answer.
The UK Parliament rejected the latest Brexit offer Prime Minister Theresa May negotiated. On Wednesday the legislative body said the UK wouldn't leave the European Union unless there was a deal covering immigration, trade, and other issues in place. Finally on Thursday UK politicians agreed to push the actual Brexit deadline to April 12 from its current date of March 29.
But even with the "crisis" dragging on, the UK's economy is still doing OK. Economists say that Brexit has dampened growth, but the main drivers of the nation's economy—services, production, manufacturing, and construction—all grew in January and, for the most part, have been growing since the original Brexit vote in June 2016. While the growth is slow, it's still growth. Unemployment, meanwhile, is at multi-decade lows. "I think business has been incredibly resilient in the way that people have carried on," says Sonamara Jeffreys, Korn Ferry's co-president of EMEA.
While that "carry on" culture may be mocked, it has gotten the UK out of long periods of uncertainty before, including major stagflation in the 1970s. Much like the shock of the first Brexit vote, it was head-turning when, in 1976, Prime Minister Jim Callaghan asked the International Monetary Fund for financial aid. Nevertheless, the UK muddled through the malaise until the 1980s, when the economy rebounded.
That isn't to say that Brexit limbo hasn't had its costs, particularly in terms of business opportunities forgone. Executives have postponed projects because they are unsure what rules or regulations will be in place in the near future, or spent money on contingencies that may never be needed. "I think the uncertainty experienced is in another league, and business always has lots of uncertainty," says Jeffreys.
Experts say that, at this point in the Brexit drama, it's critical for leaders to focus their firms—and themselves—on the long-term objectives of the company and not get sucked into every vote and maneuver by the UK's politicians. "Keep thinking of the strategic goals, not what the media says," says Mary Macleod, a former member of Parliament and head of Korn Ferry's Government & Public Enterprise practice in London. "Plan around the uncertainty and understand the impact it will have on your business."
In addition, experts say that the Brexit limbo is a chance to review whether an organization is particularly nimble. Does a firm have a flexible decision-making process that can help it succeed in a fast-changing environment? Does it have agile employees empowered to innovate and make changes? If the answer is no, then leaders can work on building those critical features into the organization now.
The lack of clarity in any business can, of course, make workers uneasy. But Macleod believes that's where superior leaders can make a world of positive difference. In particular, that means understanding what your people need to get their jobs done. "Listen to them," she says. "Give people certainty that you're there fighting for them, and at the same time show them that you believe in the possible—that success is just around the corner."
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Charles Arthur Hollick (February 6, 1857 – March 11, 1933), known widely as Arthur Hollick, was an American paleobotanist. He was curator of fossil plants at Columbia University and the New York Botanical Garden.

Biography
Arthur Hollick was born in New Brighton, Staten Island, New York on February 6, 1857. He received a Bachelor of Philosophy from Columbia School of Mines in 1879 and his doctorate at George Washington University (then known as Columbian College) in 1897.

He died on March 11, 1933.

References

External links

1857 births
1933 deaths
Paleobotanists
People from Staten Island
New York Botanical Garden
Columbian College of Arts and Sciences alumni
Columbia School of Mines alumni
Scientists from New York (state)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is in the onion family. For thousands of years it has been grown for culinary and medicinal uses. Garlic grows in a wide range of conditions; while most production is in mild areas, like California, some varieties grow well in cold climates, often with better flavor.
There are two types of garlic, hardneck (or topset) and softneck. Hardneck garlic produces false flower stalks, called scapes. It typically has a half dozen cloves per bulb, plus or minus, while softneck types have twice that many. Softneck garlic dominates commodity production but in New England many growers prefer hardneck types for retail sale due to their flavor and appearance, which often includes a reddish purple clove covering versus the white color common to softneck types. Softneck garlic generally has a longer storage life than hardneck and is easier to braid.
After centuries of cultivation garlic has lost the ability to produce seeds so it is vegetatively propagated by saving bulbs from year to year and planting the cloves. The small bulbils produced on hardneck scapes can be used for propagation, but it takes several years of planting and selection to achieve marketable size bulbs.
A well-drained soil with good tilth and plenty of organic matter is ideal for garlic. Excess moisture, compaction or droughty conditions will reduce yields. The optimum soil pH is between 6 and 7. Since garlic commences growth very early in the season it is important to avoid field that are slow to drain in the spring.
Garlic is planted in the fall since it requires a cold treatment to induce bulbs formation. Planting typically occurs from October in northern New England to early November in southern areas. The goal is to allow good development of roots but not enough time for the shoots to emerge from soil before winter. Many different planting arrangements are used by growers depending on their irrigation, mulching and weed control systems; spacing too close can reduce bulb size while spacing too far apart reduces yield per area of land. Planting arrangements include: 2 row beds 30 inches apart on center with 6 inch spacing in and between rows; 3 or 4 rows per bed, with 6 to 8 inches between and within rows; single rows spaced 24 to 30 inches with 6 inch spacing in the row. Wide row spacing between rows allows for easy mechanical cultivation for weed control; multiple rows per bed allow for use of plastic much to control weeds.
Garlic varieties differ in size and weight of cloves; generally, there are about 50 cloves per pound of cloves. Large cloves tend to produce the most vigorous plants and largest bulbs so small cloves are often not planted. Bulbs should be separated no more than a day or two before planting so they do not dry out. Cloves should always be planted with the root side down, about three inches deep. Only healthy-looking cloves should be planted to avoid disease and nematode problems.
A layer of clean straw mulch is typically applied to garlic to avoid soil temperature fluctuations in the winter and early spring. The mulch also will help conserve soil moisture and suppress weeds. However, it may be advisable to remove mulch in a very wet spring to allow soil to dry out and thus reduce the threat of soil borne diseases. In very cold growing areas, removal of mulch can also speed soil warming and garlic growth in the spring. Because garlic is shallow rooted irrigation is very beneficial to maintain a consistent water supply, and yields will suffer if it is not applied during dry periods. Removal of scapes from hardneck garlic once they fully emerge may improve bulb yield, especially on soils of low fertility; the scapes are edible.
Although variable depending on variety and growing conditions, one pound of garlic 'seed ' bulbs will usually yield between four and eight pounds at harvest. Depending on the varieties grown they may be ready to harvest over several weeks from late June to mid-July. When the lower third of leaves turn brown pull some bulbs, cut them across the cloves and look to see if the cloves have filled the skins and are ready to harvest. Pull, dig and/or undercut the bulbs to remove them. Unless a lot of soil is adhered to the bulbs they do not need to be washed at harvest although your markets may demand it. Place the harvested plants on wire racks or tie up in bundles and hang to cure for several weeks in a dry area with good ventilation. Then cut the tops off leaving an inch or so and trim the roots closely. If necessary bulbs may be brushed or the outer skin gently rubbed off to clean them.
Seed garlic should be stored at 50 degrees with relative humidity of 65-70%. Cloves sprout most rapidly between 40 to 50 degrees. Garlic for table stock should be stored at 32 degrees and 65-70% relative humidity. Well cured bulbs in good condition should keep for 6 to 7 months. Relative humidity in storage is lower than for most vegetables because high humidity causes root growth and mold.
For further information on production methods (including varieties, spacing, seeding, and fertility), weed, disease, and insect management, please visit the New England Vegetable Management Guide website.


Zhang Gil Jah is the woman who WMSCOG members believe is the "mother god". Members of the WMSCOG call her the "heavenly mother" or "heavenly mother Jerusalem". She is said to be the wife of Ahn Sahng Hong, who members believe was the second coming of Christ, though many have alleged that they were never in fact legally married. She is also the Chairwoman of the International We Love U Foundation.


text:
Articles, Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Cannabinoid Receptor Activation in the Basolateral Amygdala Blocks the Effects of Stress on the Conditioning and Extinction of Inhibitory Avoidance
Eti Ganon-Elazar and Irit Akirav
Journal of Neuroscience 9 September 2009, 29 (36) 11078-11088; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1223-09.2009
Eti Ganon-Elazar
Irit Akirav
Despite the efficacy of behavior therapy for human anxiety disorders, extinction-like treatments require repeated cue exposures and are vulnerable to reversal by a number of environmental factors, particularly stress. The endocannabinoid system has recently emerged as important in the regulation of extinction learning and in the regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Here, we aimed to examine the involvement of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in inhibitory avoidance (IA) conditioning and extinction and to test whether cannabinoid activation would reverse the effects of stress on these memory processes. The synthetic full agonist of the CB1/CB2 receptor WIN55,212-2 [R-(+)-(2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-[(4-morpholinyl)methyl]pyrol[1,2,3-de]-1,4- benzoxazin-6-yl)(1-naphthalenyl) methanone monomethanesulfonate] (5 μg/0.5 μl) microinjected into the BLA had no effect on IA conditioning or extinction by itself. However, microinjecting WIN55,212-2 into the BLA before exposing the rats to a stressor reversed the enhancing effects of the stressor on IA conditioning and its impairing effects on IA extinction. Importantly, WIN55,212-2 microinjected into the BLA reduced stress-induced elevations in corticosterone levels. Control experiments demonstrated the following: (1) the effects of WIN55,212-2 could not be attributed to sensorimotor deficits, because these parameters seemed unchanged by WIN55,212-2 microinjected into the BLA; and (2) the CB1 receptor in the BLA is crucially involved in the extinction of IA, because the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 [N-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-N-1-piperidinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide] (6 ng/0.5 μl) microinjected into the BLA significantly blocked extinction. Together, our findings may support a wide therapeutic application for cannabinoids in the treatment of conditions associated with the inappropriate retention of aversive memories and stress-related disorders.
You are going to email the following Cannabinoid Receptor Activation in the Basolateral Amygdala Blocks the Effects of Stress on the Conditioning and Extinction of Inhibitory Avoidance
Eti Ganon-Elazar, Irit Akirav
Journal of Neuroscience 9 September 2009, 29 (36) 11078-11088; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1223-09.2009
Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Episodic Reinstatement in the Medial Temporal Lobe
Musical Expertise Induces Audiovisual Integration of Abstract Congruency Rules
The Laminar Development of Direction Selectivity in Ferret Visual Cortex
Show more Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive


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text:
Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque (Contes grotescs i arabescs) és una col·lecció de contes d'Edgar Allan Poe editada al 1840. Els contes recollits en aquesta col·lecció ja s'havien publicat abans en distints periòdics.

Publicació
Fou publicat per Filadèlfia Lea & Blanchard, i llançat en dos volums. L'editor estava disposat a imprimir l'antologia pel recent èxit del conte de Poe La caiguda de la casa Usher. Així i tot, Lea & Blanchard no li pagaria en diners; només li donaren 20 còpies gratis com a pagament. Poe havia intentat que Washington Irving li donara suport, i li escrigué dient: «Si se'm permetés afegir encara que sigui una paraula o dues de la seua part... la meua fortuna estaria feta.»

En el prefaci, Poe escrigué una, hui dia famosa, frase en què es defensava a si mateix de la crítica que clamava que els seus contes formaven part de l'"alemanyisme". Escrigué: «Si en alguna de les meues produccions la por ha estat la tesi, mantinc que el terror no és d'Alemanya, sinó de l'ànima.»

Li dedicà la col·lecció al coronel William Drayton, que Poe havia conegut quan estigué assignat a Charleston (Carolina del Sud) i amb qui mantingué correspondència quan Drayton es mudà a Filadèlfia. Drayton era un antic membre del congrés que s'havia convertir en jutge i que podria haver-ne col·laborat a la publicació.

Reaccions de la crítica
Les crítiques coetànies eren variades. Una crítica anònima en el Boston Notion suggerí que l'obra de Poe corresponia més a lectors del futur; les persones d'aquell temps ho considerarien «per sota del nivell d'escombraries de diaris... salvatge, sense sentit, sense propòsit... sense elevada extravagància o humor fi». D'altra banda, l'Alexander's Weekly Messenger remarcà que les històries eren la «juganera efusió d'un poderós i notable intel·lecte.» Així mateix, el New York Mirror afalagà la capacitat intel·lectual de l'autor, les seues vívides descripcions i la seua opulenta imaginació. Malgrat aquestes crítiques positives, l'edició no es vengué massa bé. Quan Poe en demanà un segon llançament el 1841 que inclouria vuit contes més, l'editor en declinà l'oferta.

"Grotesc" i "arabesc"
Quan s'anuncià la publicació en el Burton's Gentleman's Magazine, la seua descripció d'una línia deia que el títol «indicava molt bé el caràcter [de les històries].» Hi ha hagut un cert debat sobre el significat dels termes "grotesc" i "arabesc". Poe devia veure els termes usats en l'assaig de Walter Scott Del sobrenatural en la composició fictícia. Tots dos es refereixen a un tipus d'art islàmic utilitzat per a decorar parets, sobretot a les mesquites, i se'l coneix per la seua naturalesa complexa. En aquest sentit el diccionari francés Le Furetière, del s. XVII, indica que es diu grotescs, moriscs i arabescs les pintures i ornaments on no hi ha figures humanes. Poe havia usat el terme "arabesc" correctament en el seu assaig La filosofia dels mobles.
Podria haver usat aquests termes com a subdivisions de l'art gòtic o l'arquitectura gòtica en un intent d'establir subdivisions semblants en la novel·la gòtica. Per exemple, les històries "grotesques" eren aquelles en què el personatge es tornava una caricatura o una sàtira, com en L'home que es gastà. Les "arabesques" se centraven més en un sol aspecte del personatge, sovint en el psicològic, com en La caiguda de la casa Usher. Així i tot, és difícil definir amb precisió les intencions de Poe respecte als termes, i és fins i tot més difícil subdividir els seus contes en una categoria o una altra.

Contingut
 Vol. I

 Morella
 Els lleons
 William Wilson
 L'home que es gastà
 La caiguda de la Casa Usher
 El duc de L'Omelette
 Manuscrit trobat en una ampolla
 Bon-Bon
 Ombra - Paràbola
 El diable al campanar
 Ligeia
 El rei Pesta
 Sra. Zenobia (després conegut com Com escriure un article a la manera del Blackwood
 The Scythe of Time (després conegut com Una dissort)

 Vol. II

 Epimanes (després conegut com Quatre bèsties en una)
 Siope (després conegut com Silenci, rondalla)
 La incomparable aventura d'un tal Hans Pfaall
 Conte de Jerusalem
 Von Jung (després conegut com Mixtificació
 L'alé perdut
 Metzengerstein
 Berenice
 Per què el petit francés duu la mà en cabestrell
 The Visionary (després conegut com La cita
 La conversa d'Eiros i Charmion
 Apèndix (per ser afegit a la història d'Hans Pfaall)

Referències

Bibliografia

Obres d'Edgar Allan Poe


Members of the media are invited to the Companies Tribunal (Tribunal) seminar on Company Name Disputes.
The Tribunal is empowered by section 160 of the Companies Act no. 71 of 2008 to adjudicate on company name disputes. The objective of the seminar is to engage stakeholders on key issues relating to the adjudication of company name disputes.
mechanism for companies and ordinary people when their company name registration or reservation is refused, and for companies to protect their company name or trade mark.
Speakers include Judge of the Gauteng Local Division of the High Court, Judge Lebogang Modiba; UNISA Department of Mercantile Law, Associate Professor D Farisani; Tribunal Member, Professor Kasturi Moodaliyar; President of the South African Institute of Intellectual Property Law (SAIIPL), Mrs Debbie Mariott and CIPC Commissioner, Adv. Rory Voller.
The Companies Tribunal an agency of the Department of Trade and Industry (the dti).


"I'm jest 'bout new-aged up," said Windy Wilson, sitting down and flipping his coffee cup to the upright and fillable position. Mavis filled it.
The other members sipping caffeine at the philosophy counter at the Mule Barn truck stop looked over at Windy. No one wanted to ask, so by the process of mind reading and silent linguistics, they managed to hold their tongues. They all knew Windy would never be content to leave it like that, and they were anxious to see how the feedstore philosopher would introduce the subject.
Windy sipped and looked around. He had their attention, all right, but no one asked.
Still no one said anything.
Heads nodded, but were silent otherwise. Everyone waited to hear the latest attempt to drag the old cowboy and camp cook into modern times. They all knew Mamie gave it her best shot.
"T'other day it was," Windy continued. "I sluiced over to Mame's house to see if she had a cup of that five-dollar coffee, you know? But she smiled up at me and said, 'Why Windy, haven't you noticed how cold it's been?' Wellsir, I 'llowed as I had and then she said she was goin' ta give me a glue vine.
Windy was wondering why his friends were laughing and choking on their coffees. Strange guys, you know?


text:
Here are Your Peak 2017 Emmy Moments & Winners
This year's Emmy awards was one of the most exciting nights on television, and, as the show proved, there's a ton of quality TV being made by a diverse group of talented storytellers.
Julia Louis-Dreyfuss broke the record for the most awards won by one actor for a single role. She is perfection as Selina Meyer in Veep, and has won for her portrayal six years running. The show also won for Outstanding Comedy Series, which is a real affirmation of the show's consistent caliber. It's very difficult for shows to maintain high quality writing and momentum for six seasons, but Louis-Dreyfuss is a true contemporary legend, and the team at Veep is as good as it gets.
Lena Waithe also had a historic win, becoming the first black woman to win a comedy writing Emmy for Master of None. The applause was so thunderous that she had to settle the crowd to avoid being played off stage prematurely. It's good that they gave her time to speak because her remarks were the most endearing of the night.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMMjEeI78Ag
Reed Morano was among the bevy of Handmaid's Tale cast and crew to come out on top. She's the first woman to win the Emmy for directing a drama in more than two decades. The show also won Outstanding Drama Series and scored three acting awards for Elisabeth Moss, Ann Dowd and Alexis Bledel.
The night's other big winner, Big Little Lies, dominated the Limited Series category. Nicole Kidman, Laura Dern, Alexander Skarsgard, and director Jean-Marc Vallee all won.
The night's biggest surprise was a win for Netflix's Black Mirror as Outstanding Television Movie. The nominated episode San Junipero was a strikingly emotional exploration of true love and the afterlife. It's proof that the show is intellectual, insightful, and can hit a lot of notes, not only sci-fi and horror.
Sterling K. Brown has been tearing it up with standout performances on This is Us, Amercian Crime Story, and will appear in Black Panther this winter. He became the first African American to win best actor in 19 years.
Donald Glover also hit the stage twice for directing and starring in Atlanta. Glover is the man of the moment, playing a young Lando in the Han Solo film and Simba in Disney's live action adaptation of The Lion King.
Saturday Night Live also got recognition for the long-running show's standout year. Kate McKinnon and Alec Baldwin both received performance Emmy's and the show scored another Outstanding Variety Sketch Series win. This has been a peak in talent and content for a consistently high caliber series.
Those were some of our favorite moments, but here's a list of the night's nominees and winners:
Outstanding Drama Series
WINNER The Handmaid's Tale
Outstanding Comedy Series
WINNER Veep
Lead Actress in a Drama Series
Viola Davis – How to Get Away With Murder
WINNER Elisabeth Moss – The Handmaid's Tale
Keri Russell – The Americans
Evan Rachel Wood – Westworld
Robin Wright – House of Cards
Lead Actor in a Drama Series
WINNER Sterling K. Brown – This Is Us
Anthony Hopkins – Westworld
Matthew Rhys – The Americans
Live Schreiber – Ray Donovan
Kevin Spacey – House of Cards
Milo Ventimiglia – This Is Us
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series
Jonathan Banks – Better Call Saul
WINNER John Lithgow – The Crown
Mandy Patinkin – Homeland
Michael Kelly – House of Cards
Ron Cephas Jonas – This Is Us
Jeffrey Wright – Westworld
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
WINNER Ann Dowd – The Handmaid's Tale
Samira Wiley – The Handmaid's Tale
Uzo Aduba – Orange Is the New Black
Millie Bobby Brown – Stranger Things
Thandie Newton – Westworld
Lead Actress in a Comedy Series
Jane Fonda – Grace and Frankie
Allison Janney – Mom
WINNER Julia Louis-Dreyfus – Veep
Ellie Kemper – Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt
Tracee Ellis Ross – Black-ish
Lily Tomlin – Grace and Frankie
Lead Actor in a Comedy Series
Zach Galifianakis – Baskets
WINNER Donald Glover – Atlanta
Jeffrey Tambor – Transparent
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series
Louie Anderson – Baskets
Ty Burrell – Modern Family
WINNER Alec Baldwin – Saturday Night Live
Tituss Burgess – Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt
Tony Hale – Veep
Matt Walsh – Veep
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Vanessa Bayer – Saturday Night Live
Leslie Jones – Saturday Night Live
WINNER Kate McKinnon – Saturday Night Live
Kathryn Hahn – Transparent
Judith Light – Transparent
Anna Chlumsky – Veep
Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie
Felicity Huffman – American Crime
WINNER Nicole Kidman – Big Little Lies
Carrie Coon – Fargo
Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie
WINNER Riz Ahmed – The Night Of
John Turturro – The Night Of
Benedict Cumberbatch – Sherlock: The Lying Detective
Robert De Niro – The Wizard of Lies
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie
WINNER Alexander Skarsgard – Big Little Lies
Stanley Tucci – FEUD: Bette and Joan
Bill Camp – The Night Of
Michael Kenneth Williams – The Night Of
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie
WINNER Laura Dern – Big Little Lies
Judy Davis – FEUD: Bette and Joan
Jackie Hoffman – FEUD: Bette and Joan
Michelle Pfeiffer – The Wizard of Lies
WINNER The Voice
Variety Talk Series
WINNER Last Week Tonight With John Oliver
Limited Series or Movie
WINNER Big Little Lies
Featured images: L-r clockwise: Julia Louis-Drefyus, Donald Glover and Lena Waithe. Courtesy CBS.
TAGSAtlanta Master of None Veep
HBO Makes 500 Hours' Worth of Programming Available for Free
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The de facto currency of Kosovo is the euro. | Kosovo's Olympic team won its first gold medal at the 2016 Rio Olympics.
The majority of Kosovars speak Albanian.
Serbia does not recognize Kosovan independence. | Sara is extremely proud of her Kosovar heritage.


Amazon (NASDAQ: AMZN) has revealed that over 100 million Alexa-enabled units have been sold in the just more than four years since the digital voice assistant first launched, according to a Jan. 4 article from The Verge. Some of the devices were sold by Amazon, like the Echo or Dot, while others were made by third-party manufacturers.
Reaching the 100 million mark is an important milestone. Knowing that Amazon needed four years to hit this goal made me wonder how long it took other companies to reach that mark. Here's how long it took the six fastest-growing social media platforms to reach 100 million users, according to data compiled by MyVoucherCodes.
Facebook took four-and-a-half years to reach 100 million users. Image source: Facebook.
Yes, that's right. The social media site that hit 100 million users the fastest is the one from Alphabet's (NASDAQ: GOOGL) (NASDAQ: GOOG) Google that never took off and will be shut down this year. When it launched in 2011, everyone was sure Google+ would become the new Facebook, so they rushed to establish a presence on the platform.
Twice in 2018, Google+ was found to have serious security flaws that exposed user data. After the public learned about the second data leak, which impacted over 50 million users, Google announced that it had decided to shut Google+ down in April 2019, rather than August 2019 as it had originally planned.
Instagram's popularity was evident early on as it only took a little over two years for it to hit 100 million users. The photo-sharing platform was launched in late 2010 and quickly scooped up by Facebook (NASDAQ: FB) in early 2012, about a year before Instagram hit the 100 million mark in early 2013. This past June, Instagram hit another milestone: 1 billion monthly users.
You might be surprised to hear that Myspace still exists in 2019 and has a group of loyal users. However, it was once the go-to platform for young people to connect on, racking up 100 million users in three years. That's faster than Facebook, Twitter, or Snapchat. This is especially impressive because it came during a time when people were still warming up to the idea of social media and sharing their lives online.
If you're wondering what happened to Myspace, it was sold to News Corp. for $580 million in 2009 and then to Viant in 2011 for $35 million. A few months later, it was sold one last time when Time Inc. bought Viant's assets for an undisclosed amount. It's hard to believe what Myspace sold for when you remember that its worth was once thought to be in the billions back around 2007.
Snap's (NYSE: SNAP) Snapchat had a strong start as the social media platform that popularized the concept of photos and videos that disappear after 24 hours. The app hit 100 million users in a little over three-and-a-half years.
In October 2018, Snap said 186 million users logged into its app in the most recent quarter, down from 188 million users in the previous period. The company has taken a hit from users flocking to Instagram now that it offers a feature that allows pictures and videos to disappear after a day.
The struggling company said that the drop-off in usage mainly came from Android users and should stop once the updated Android app comes out. Snap has been promising a new Android app for some time, but there's still no definitive launch date.
Facebook needed four-and-a-half years to reach 100 million users. Today, it boasts over 2 billion monthly active users. However, the once-revered social media company has seen its reputation tarnished in the past year due to a series of data and privacy issues.
In addition, Facebook's user growth has largely stalled. Last quarter, the company's monthly users grew by just 1.8% to 2.27 billion. And the previous quarter was Facebook's worst quarter ever for user growth at just 1.54%.
On Jan. 8, CEO Mark Zuckerberg announced that his goal for 2019 was to hold public conversations about the future of technology in society. This announcement came after a year of intense public discourse about Facebook's data-sharing policies and the addictive nature of both Facebook and Instagram.
If you haven't noticed yet, 2018 was a rough year for social media platforms, and Twitter (NYSE: TWTR) was no exception. The company said it lost 9 million monthly users last quarter, mostly because it's been purging the site of bots. The site's 326 million monthly users are a far cry from Facebook and Instagram, which are both measuring users in the billions now. But despite the loss of users, Twitter's revenue did grow by 29% to $758.1 million, mainly thanks to ads.
As you can see, the rise of social media platforms has been quick. Just 10 years ago, people were understandably suspicious and used them sparingly. Now, kids and parents alike use social media as part of their daily life, and many would even say they're addicted to it. In 2019, we can expect to see more debates about the negative effects social media has on our mental health, as well as whether they should be put under new data privacy regulations.
John Mackey, CEO of Whole Foods Market, an Amazon subsidiary, is a member of The Motley Fool's board of directors. Suzanne Frey, an executive at Alphabet, is a member of The Motley Fool's board of directors. Natalie Walters has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool owns shares of and recommends Alphabet (A shares), Alphabet (C shares), Amazon, Facebook, and Twitter. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.


On Friday, May 25th, 2018 Team McAfee published the Declaration of Currency Independence which is a pledge of solidarity to what many would say are the core principles of the cryptocurrency movement. Although I do not speak for the authors, I was given an advanced copy prior to the mass distribution and have direct contact with some of those inside Team McAfee and can speak to the document's authenticity and altruistic intentions. Under the leadership of the famous cryptocurrency evangelist John McAfee, Team McAfee is requesting readership of and signatories to this declaration. The promise of cryptocurrency is essentially the freedom to transact online without government intervention. Most governments form not to oppress, but simply to organize, to manage and to do good for others through unity. But when an organization forms it has a purpose, a problem or many problems that it tries to solve. Eventually, those problems are solved or at least under control and then the organization's purpose tends to shift. At that point, most organizations change from trying to solve a problem, to simply trying to remain relevant, to survive, and often to grow.
When governments start to grow political debates arise over the parallel "expansion of powers" that ensue. One side will argue the government needs more authority in order to solve more problems while the other side will argue the government needs less authority and more power is just the byproduct of its search for relevance, sustainment, and growth.
The parallels between the Declaration of Currency Independence and the United States Declaration of Independence are clear. Both documents start the same way "When in the Course of human events…" Both documents seek the support of the people. But perhaps most importantly, the principles of self-determination are espoused in both. The United States Declaration of Independence says, "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." In the United States, the government is constructed of the people, for people, and by the people, and it is the people who run their own government. While all the world does not operate under those same freedoms, this principle of a government that serves the people likely led the authors of this document to publish it in the hopes to remind us all that everyone deserves to be free.
Blockchain and cryptocurrency are spreading freedom throughout the world and for the most part, reasonable governments have supported that expansion. While almost all governments have reacted with some fear and taken some actions to slow the growth, reasonable people recognize that in the modern world, an Internet-based peer to peer network is an uncontrollable force. Some try to control it, most tend to ignore it, but as with all apps, when an app is useful enough to gain a lot of users, that app can eventually take its place in human history as a new pillar of society. Will Bitcoin, Ethereum, Stellar, MilitaryToken, and other cryptocurrencies take their place as pillars of society…they already have. The only question that remains is for how long, and what comes next?
In today's edition of Crypto Daily News, we'll cover Coinbase adding the British Pound to its trading pairs and John McAfee's "unhackable" Bitcoin wallet that gets, well, hacked.
Day 1 of the Crypto World cup has concluded, and Day 2 is officially underway! Day 2 of the Crypto World Cup has three matches and the competition is fierce.


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Halloween then vs. now
By Riley Spivey, Staff Writer|October 29, 2020
Photo courtesy of Riley Spivey
The ghost of Riley Spivey
Halloween is a holiday everyone knows and loves. There is trick or treating for children and costume parties for adults, but where did it all start?
The holiday originated from the Celtic festival Samhain. The Celtic people, who lived over 2,000 years ago, in what is now modern day Ireland and the United Kingdom; would light bonfires and wear costumes to ward off evil spirits and ghosts. The celebration marked the end of summer and the beginning of harvest season; it was associated with the dark, cold winter months.
These months were closely associated with human death when the boundary between life and death became blurred. On the night of October 31, the Celts celebrated Samhain, which is when it was believed that the spirits crossed over to the living world.
In the eighth century, Pope Gregory III designated the second of November as a time to honor saints, known as All Saints' Day. All Saints' Day had many traditions similar to Samhain such as big bonfires, parades, and dressing up as saints, angels, and devils. People believed that impersonating spirits, such as angels or devils would protect them from the evil spirits. All Saints Day came to be known as All-hallows, or All-hallowmas from the Middle English word alholowmesse meaning "All Saints' Day." Soon, All Saints' Day was incorporated into Samhain and became commonly known as All Hallows Eve.
Over time, All Hallows Eve became the Halloween people know and love today. Modern-day Halloween traditions include trick-or-treating, dressing up in costumes with friends, watching scary movies, and carving pumpkins. Jordan Eduardo says her favorite tradition is "pumpkin carving and pumpkin fighting." While Gracie Atkinson's favorite thing to do is" dress up and go to parties on Halloween night." Some traditions have changed and the meaning of the holiday has differed over the years, but Halloween has always been a celebration for everyone and a night of fright.
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Baty Newman, from Mississippi to Africa and back again
Governor's Mansion shines during Christmas season
Hidden Features: The Vault


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93: Cryogenic energy storage (CES)
No Comments on 93: Cryogenic energy storage (CES)
What to do with excess energy from thermal generation plants, steel mills and LNG terminals.
A CRYOBattery
Cryogenic energy storage makes use of excess energy, such as that generated by renewable sources, which cannot be sent immediately to the grid to liquefy air and store the liquid until the electricity is needed and can be distributed. At this point, the liquid air is allowed to evaporate and expand through a turbine, where its latent energy of vaporisation is converted into electric current.
Connecting to thermal generation plants, steel mills and LNG terminals can further boost the system's efficiency and diversify its offering.
In 2011, a 300 kW, 2.5 MWh storage capacity pilot cryogenic energy system was developed by researchers at the University of Leeds and Highview Power that used liquid air (with the CO2 and water removed as they would turn solid at the storage temperature) as the energy store, and low-grade waste heat to boost the thermal re-expansion of the air.
In April 2014 the UK government announced it had given £8 million to Viridor and Highview Power to fund the next stage of the demonstration. The resulting grid-scale demonstrator plant at Pilsworth Landfill facility in Bury, Greater Manchester, UK, started operation in April 2018.
This was based on research by the Birmingham Centre for Cryogenic Energy Storage (BCCES) associated with the University of Birmingham, and had storage for up to 15 MWh, with a peak supply of 5 MW (so when fully charged lasts for three hours at maximum output) and is designed for an operational life of 40 years.
With Highview Power's Potentially CRYOBattery is able to deliver anywhere from 20 MW/80 MWh to more than 200 MW/1.2 GWh of energy to power up to 200,000 homes for a whole day.
In June 2020, Highview, teamed up with Carlton Power and announced construction of the world's biggest liquid air battery with a capacity of 50 MW/250 MWh at a the Trafford Energy Park, a decommissioned thermal power station site in the North of England. With the first system scheduled to go into operation by 2022, another four will be set up in the UK, able to deliver a total of over 1GWh.
Discover Solution 94: Bringing extinct animals back to life.
← 92 :Crowdfunding → 94: De-extinction


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Daniel Shen
Junior Matt Braga delivers a spine-chilling rendition of Jason Mraz's "I Won't Give Up," bringing his voice to power as he stood up defiantly at the second chorus. "'I Won't Give Up' gives the idea that for every tragedy or heartbreak there is always hope waiting around the corner … for all of us who feel broken on the inside," Matt said.
I Won't Give Up
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If I do something in the crock pot, I want it to be quick and simple. I don't do the whole "prepare this" and "prepare that" before putting it in the crock pot. In my mind, that defeats the whole point of even using the crock pot. Well Slow Cooker Hawaiian Haystacks is the ultimate simple crock pot meal. It literally took me 2 minutes to put it in the crock pot, and another 30 seconds to put the rice in the rice cooker. Dinner, DONE! I don't remember where I found this recipe, but it is truly genius!
You can top your Haystacks with any of your favorite toppings. I like to keep mine simple, just using pineapple and chow mein noodles, but you can use toppings such as green onions, almonds, cashews, tomatoes, cheese, olives and anything else your heart desires!
Put the frozen chicken breasts and the Cream of Chicken soup in a crock pot. Don't add any other liquids. I tried this and it turned out too runny, and I had to thicken it again. Cook on high for 4 hours. Once the chicken is done cooking, shred it and place it back into the sauce.
Serve over rice with any toppings that you want!


Exclusively designed, and hand polished this small signet ring, has a slender band. Designed with long term wear in mind, artfully display a fingerprint or text on the oval shaped face. This is sure to be a memento to last a lifetime.


I've seen Veterans lose their TDIU Claim just because they didn't fill out and submit VA Form 21-8940. Imagine that – losing your case because of a piece of paper.
Here's how the scenario usually plays out.
The Veteran calls or emails – tells me that they haven't worked in several years because of their service connected disabilities.
They may also tell me that they are receiving Social Security Disability for the same service-connected injuries.
With all of that information, I suspect that the VA should have granted TDIU pretty quickly (quick for the VA at least). I'll ask to take a look at the Ratings Decision…..and then it all makes sense.
9 times out of 10, this means that the Veteran simply didn't file VA Form 21-8940 when they claimed – or were eligible for – TDIU.
I call the Vet up, tell them to file VA Form 21-8940, and usually, the problem is solved.
Click here to access a copy of VA Form 21-8940.
VA Form 21-8940 and TDIU Effective Dates.
I want you to be cautious when the VA grants your TDIU, though.
Because the VA is an Award-Winning producer of "red-tape", they will try to play a trick on you using this Administrative Denial loophole.
Sometimes, they overlook the fact that you have filed VA Form 21-8940 a half dozen times in the past 5 years.
This happened to a client of mine – he's claimed TDIU no less than 10 times in 8 years, sent in 10 copies of the VA Form, and the VA was still administratively denying his claim. When they finally granted him TDIU, they used the most recent filing of the VA Form 21-8940 as the Effective Date.
Sometimes, even after you file theVA Form 21-8940, the VA will assign the Effective date of the compensation as the date that the VA received VA Form 21-8940.
Here's how a TDIU Claim Effective Date Should Be Handled by the VA.
The TDIU Field Manual is your guide to properly filing and developing your VA TDIU Claim.
A TDIU claim's effective date should be the date that the claim is received.
The VA has published an Unemployability Training Letter TL07-01E) for its employees handling TDIU claims.
2) If VA Form 21-8940 is not returned by the Veteran within 60 days, a decision can be made on the record without it. However, if the VA Form 21-8940 is returned after the rating decision is issued, but within one year of the date sent, the claim should be re-rated.
The TDIU training letter lists 3 situations where a claim can be made for TDIU, only one of which includes the filing of the VA Form 21-8940.
3) In the course of developing a claim for an increased rating, VA obtains evidence of unemployability and VA grants the veteran a rating that makes the veteran eligible for IU.
However, because the VA is an enormous red-tape dispenser, it is always best to follow the Golden Rule: File now, fight later.
File the VA Form 21-8940 as soon as the VA asks for it.
Then, if the VA tries to establish your TDIU Effective Date as of the date of the filing of that Form, be aware that you may be eligible for a much earlier effective date based on the information in the Training Letter published above.
One Last Word of caution – there is special language that I think the Veteran needs to include in their VA Form 21-8940. I include – and explain – this language in my training program: "How to File a VA Claim".


text:
Q: Java compare array to ArrayList I'm really stuck over here. I'm just wondering if there's another way to compare the array to key of HashMap? Please see my comments on my code
          ArrayList<String> datalist = new ArrayList();
                datalist.add("test,test2,test3,test4");
                datalist.add("test2,test,test3,test4");
                datalist.add("test3,test4,test,test2");

         Map<String,String> hashdata = new HashMap();
                        hashdata= setHashMap(datalist);
     Set data_key = hashdata.keySet(); // so i get now the all Key of Hashmap

                String line;
                String[] data;
                LineIterator it = FileUtils.lineIterator(file,"UTF-8");

                while(it.hasNext()){
                    line = it.nextLine();

                    data = StringUtils.split(line,(","));

                    //I have this code compare line splitted by ',' compare to key
                    if(!(data_key.contains(data[0]))){
System.out.println("Invalid");

                    //But what I want is to compare KeySet to line splitted by ','
                    if(//statement here){

                    }

                }

            private static Map<String,String> setHashMap(ArrayList<String> inputlist){
                   String[] data;
                   Map<String,String> hashmap = new HashMap<String,String>();
                   for(int i=0; i<inputlist.size(); i++){
                       data = inputlist.get(i).split(",");
                       hashmap.put(data[0], data[1]);
                   }
                   return hashmap;
                }

Data on file :
test1,test2,test3
test2,test3,test1
test3,test2,test1

Thank you in advance guys!

A: I would join your list using StringUtils.join to create one single string, and the compare it to each line, rather thansplitting the file into an array and iterate both the array against the list.
You can use a java code like this:
ArrayList<String> datalist = new ArrayList<String>();
datalist.add("test");
datalist.add("test2");
datalist.add("test3");

String line;
String data = StringUtils.join(datalist, ',');

LineIterator it = FileUtils.lineIterator(file,"UTF-8");

while (it.hasNext()) {
    line = it.nextLine();

    if (data.equals(line)) {
        System.out.println("Valid");
    }
}

A: The get() method will allow you to pick a specific index from an ArrayList. (See Javadoc)
Here are a few ways to compare your defined ArrayList with an input array.  If one of theses satisfies your needs, please let us know which one. ;)
public class temp {
    ArrayList<String> datalist = new ArrayList();
    datalist.add("test");
    datalist.add("test2");
    datalist.add("test3");

    String line;
    String[] data;
    LineIterator it = FileUtils.lineIterator(file,"UTF-8");

    while(it.hasNext()){
        line = it.nextLine();

        data = StringUtils.split(line,(","));

        //I have this code compare line to elements of arraylist
        if(datalist.contains(data[0]){
            System.out.println("Valid A");
        }

        // Test specific element of array list against a specific index in the file
        if(data[0] == datalist.get(0)){
            System.out.println("Valid B");
        }

        //test specific element in array list against each element in line
        for(int i = 0; i < data.length; i++)
            if(data[i] == datalist.get(0)){
                System.out.println("Valid C for index " + i);
            }

        //test if array list contains any element in line
        for (String element : datalist) {
            for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++)
                if (datalist.contains(data[0])){
                    System.out.println("Valid D for index " + i);
                }
        }

    }

}


text:
ACCEPTED

#### According to
Index Fungorum

#### Published in
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#### Original name
Filaspora umbonata Preuss

### Remarks
null

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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There are abundant opportunities for W&M faculty in the Nation's Capital!
Faculty can teach in many different W&M Study in DC academic opportunities. Learn More.
Faculty can use the W&M Washington Center in a variety of ways -- to check email for an hour, arrange a single day class visit for students, plan a multi-day conference with speakers... and anything in between or beyond!
Put together a day trip to DC for your class -- letting your students talk with experts from virtually any field. From transportation, food, and speakers, to classroom space and site visits -- we've got you covered.
Plan a conference -- we can arrange space, advertise, work with caterers, connect you with area hotels... and more!
Research -- we can give you a workspace, phone, and computer, or connect you with experts at the Library of Congress! You name it and we can arrange it.
Work from our center -- use our conference room to meet with alumni or videoconference into a seminar. We have offices and rooms you can use!
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