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Q: The expectation of $\frac{1}{1+X}$ where $X$ is Geometric($p$) Let $X$ be Geometric($p$). As an exercise from the book Probability Essentials, 2nd edition (Jacod, J., Protter, P., 2004, p.34), I have to compute $E[1/(1+X)]$. The answer is $\log((1-p)^{\frac{p}{1-p}})$ but I kept getting $\log(p^{\frac{p}{1-p}})$ or $\log(p^{-\frac{p}{1-p}})$. I don't see the mistake in my own calculation. One of my calculation can be seen below: $$ $$ We have
\begin{align*}
E\left[\frac{1}{1+X}\right] &= \sum_{j=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{1+j}(1-p)^jp\\
&= p\sum_{j=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{1+j}(1 - p)^j\\
&= \frac{p}{1-p}\sum_{j=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{1+j}(1-p)^{j+1}\\
&= \frac{p}{1-p}\sum_{j=0}^{\infty}\int_0^{1 - p} t^j \ dt
\end{align*}
The infinite series $\sum_{j=0}^{\infty}t^j$ converges uniformly to $\frac{1}{1-t}$ since $|t| < 1$, so we can interchange the integral sign and the sum sign
$$\frac{p}{1-p}\sum_{j=0}^{\infty}\int_0^{1 - p} t^j \ dt = \frac{p}{1-p}\int_0^{1-p}\sum_{j=0}^{\infty}t^j dt = \frac{p}{1-p}\int_0^{1-p}\frac{1}{1-t}\ dt.$$
This is equal to
$$-\frac{p}{1-p}\log(p) = \log(p^{-\frac{p}{1-p}}).$$
So my questions are: could you please point out the mistake? and what should I do so I get the correct answer. Or maybe it is a mistake from the book?
Edit. This is the definition of the Geometric distribution that is used in Probability Essential:
$X$ has a Geometric distribution with parameter $1 - p$:
$$P(X = k) = (1-p)^kp, \ \ \ \ \ \ k = 0, 1, 2, 3, \dotsc$$

A: You are right. By series expansion of $\ln(1-x)$ for $x\in[-1,1)$, we directly have
\begin{align}
\mathbb E\left[\frac1{1+X}\right]&=\frac p{1-p}\sum_{j=0}^\infty \frac{(1-p)^{1+j}}{1+j}
\\&=-\frac p{1-p}\ln(1-(1-p))
\\&=\ln \left(p^{-p/(1-p)}\right)
\end{align}
Alternatively,
\begin{align}
\mathbb E\left[\frac1{1+X}\right]&=\mathbb E\left[\int_0^1 t^X\,dt\right]
\\&\stackrel{(\star)}=\int_0^1 \mathbb E\left[t^X\right]dt
\\&=p\int_0^1\frac{1}{1-(1-p)t}\,dt
\\&=-\frac{p}{(1-p)}\ln p
\\&=\ln \left(p^{-p/(1-p)}\right)
\end{align}
Here the step $(\star)$ holds simply because of Fubini/Tonelli's theorem.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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William Shakespeare's JULIUS CAESAR - The Graphic Novel
Series: Campfire Classics
Publisher: Campfire (July 25, 2013)
Rome, 44BC, the great general Julius Caesar arrives home from war as the sole ruler of Rome. The citizens cheer the conquering hero, but not all are pleased to see him return. Many fear that with nobody to oppose him, this military genius will become a cruel dictator. A conspiracy takes shape that ensnares the noble Brutus, one of Caesar's most trusted allies, in an assassination plot that will change the course of history. What is most important, Shakespeare asks, loyalty to your leaders or to your country? Can good ever come of evil actions, and are those who speak of freedom always trustworthy? One of Shakespeare's most powerful dramas is brought to life in this stunning Campfire adaptation. Using Shakespeare's authentic text, this book is a must for all students of the Bard, making his works accessible to all. Julius Caesar follows Campfire's adaptations of Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, the Merchant of Venice and The Tempest as English literature's greatest works are given the full graphic novel treatment. All students of Shakespeare's works will benefit from this book as the play comes to life before your very eyes.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR: William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as both the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon". His extant works, including collaborations, consist of approximately 39 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.
ABOUT THE ARTIST: Naresh Kumar- A resident of New Delhi, India. Naresh describes himself as a seeker who is continuously trying to learn as much as he can, and his art is an expression of his curiosity towards the world. A firm believer in humanity, Naresh brings an experienced hand to the drawing board, and his photo-realistic style captures the subtle emotions of hsi characters. His work features in a number of titles from Campfire, which include Robinson Crusoe, A Christmas Carol, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Frankenstein, Kidnapped, and Sinbad: The Legacy.
ABOUT THE PUBLISHER: Campfire is to entertain and educate young minds by creating unique illustrated books that recount stories of human values, arouse curiosity in the world around us, and inspire with tales of great deeds of unforgettable people.
PRK B 1162
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE. Adapted by Dan Whitehead. Illustrated by Naresh Kumar.
Campfire Graphic Novels

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Orchard Street
Ludlow Street
Delancey Street
Rivington Street
Houston Street
Clinton Street
Grand Street
Allen Street
Essex Street
Broome Street
Stanton Street
Hester Street
Eldridge Street
Chrystie Street
Suffolk Street
The $6.4M Redesigned Seward Park Reopens Next Week
Posted on: December 2nd, 2019 at 5:09 am	by Elie
Years of planning, politicking, and fundraising culminates later this month in the opening of the redesigned Seward Park.
Completed in just about six months, this $6.4 million capital works project refreshed many of the deteriorating conditions of the park. And in arguably record timing.
As previously reported, the Seward Park Conservancy fought the last several years for funding to upgrade the 3.4-acre green space, the first municipal playground in the United States. The monetary boost came as part of the "Parks Without Borders" program to reinvigorate the century-old parkland.
The official ribbon-cutting photo-op is slated for December 12.
In the meantime, here are some quick hits about the remodeling of Seward Park:
The Seward Park Library plaza space (decommissioned part of Jefferson Street) replaced with surfacing in the "academic paving pattern" seen in places like the Columbia University; refreshed garden area, tables, lawn, and small amphitheater.
Schiff Mall – where the dry fountain sits – to receive new "blue stone" pavers. (The fountain itself is not part of the upgrade slate.)
New plantings along the perimeters.
Outdoor exercise area by the remodeled basketball courts.
Parks Without Borders Seward Park Seward Park Conservancy
East Broadway Subway Station Turns 85
The East Broadway subway station wasn't always a shady dungeon attracting crime. Once upon a time, the transit stop inspired celebrations across the Lower East Side. It was exactly eighty-five years ago – January 1, 1936 – that the East Broadway subway station debuted to the public. The feat of subterranean engineering, then known as […]
Looking at the New Ludlow House Annex Atop Demolished Libation Site
Well, that was quick. With Libation excised from the Lower East Side, the hole is now filled. Taken over by Ludlow House. The building at 137 Ludlow Street was demolished last year, and replaced in a matter of months. In fact, it's already operational. The architecture of this one-story newcomer mirrors design elements of its […]
Stringer Promises 'Fair Share' of PPP for City Businesses
City Comptroller (and mayoral candidate) Scott Stringer held a press conference yesterday at the Chinatown kiosk on Canal Street, announcing a plan to funnel federal Payroll Protection (PPP) dollars to New York city businesses. It certainly triggered an uncomfortable memory of last year's PPP fiasco. The first round of PPP went into effect just a […]
'Open Streets' Town Hall Yields More Questions than Answers
Tuesday night's Town Hall on Open Restaurants and Open Streets, hosted by Community Boards 3 and 6 – left residents with more questions than answers regarding the long-term impact these pandemic-era health and economic neighborhood solutions have on a post-COVID city. However, the online meetup did bring a wide scope of information in terms of […]
Unused Half of Bowery's Sunshine Hotel Flophouse Available to Rent
The leasing banner has been strung from the facade of 241 Bowery for more than two years. Without much success. The second and third floors (combined 8,938 square-feet) – once part of the Sunshine Hotel flophouse – are again on the market. And at a hefty price: $6,495 for a "raw" space that requires renovations […]
Bluestockings Bookstore Leans on Supporters to Survive Pandemic Winter and Open on Suffolk Street
Bluestockings Bookstore announced last week that its three-months-running crowdfunding campaign was a success, allowing the Lower East Side literary stalwart to realize its relocation. Over the summer, the first such fundraiser helped the so-called feminist bookstore foot the bill for the lease on 116 Suffolk Street after a pandemic rent hike at the original spot. […]
Little Gio's Pizza Rolls up Orchard Street Outpost
One less pizzeria for Hell Square. Little Gio's Pizza recently closed down its Orchard Street annex. Token butcher paper in the windows signals the end of this road. The expansion outpost of the First Avenue pizzeria lasted about a year. It replaced the locals favorite, Georgia's Eastside BBQ, which shuttered in May 2018 thanks to […]
Sunshine Cinema Office Development Reaches Halfway Mark
The Sunshine Cinema couldn't be further down the horizon. Especially as each steel beam is knocked into place. Progress on the new office building at 143 East Houston Street is certainly visible now. Its skeleton recently reached the halfway mark, as it climbs to a total height of about nine stories. As previously reported, owners […]
Wells Fargo Inspections Signal Extell's Loan Interest for Cherry Street Tower
It appears that Extell needs more money to operate 227 Cherry Street. Wavecrest Management, which oversees this affordable building in the shadow of One Manhattan Square, circulated a letter to tenants that Wells Fargo bank will be on-premise tomorrow for a "lender site inspection." So, it would appear that Extell seeks another loan for this […]
The Pandemic Newcomers to Chinatown Restaurant Scene
Opening a new business is always risky but opening in the middle of a pandemic takes "cojones." And that's exactly what three Chinatown entrepreneurs did. Recall that the economic devastation in Chinatown already dates back one year. The onset of Covid-19 overseas caused sharp declines in revenue for most businesses already struggling to survive on […]
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Cloud Storage Technology
Chernobyl Remembered
by ANS Nuclear Cafe | Apr 26, 2019 | Nuclear Energy
By Robby Kile
On April 25, 1986, early in the morning, operators at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant near Pripyat, Ukraine, began a test of their backup power supply during a planned outage of Unit 4. The first step of the test was to reduce the power in the reactors to about 20 percent power. By 2:00 pm, power had been reduced to 50 percent, and grid operators ordered the reactor to hold at a steady power to meet demand. At 11:10 pm, the power reduction resumed and, by 12:05 am on April 26, the reactor was at an appropriate power to conduct the test. At 12:28 am, the power dropped to one percent, far too low to conduct the intended test. Rather than abandon the test, operators decided to bring the reactor back up to power, and after about 45 minutes, power was stabilized near 6 percent, and emergency shutoff signals were disabled, in violation of operating procedure. Finally, at 1:23 am on April 26, 1986, the test began. Due to conditions beyond the test design, power began to rise rapidly, and control rods had been removed too far to compensate for unanticipated conditions, and by the time rods could be reinserted, the power had already increased to an estimated 100 times normal operating levels, leading to rapid boiling and a sudden steam explosion (not a nuclear explosion).
It's well worth noting that only the RBMK reactors designed in the Soviet Union could undergo this exact progression of events and lead to the rapid power increase that ultimately blew the roof off the reactor building. And those reactors – and their operating procedures – have since been modified to ensure nothing like the Chernobyl accident ever happens again.
A key feature of most nuclear power plant designs is the containment dome,
View Entire Article on ANSNuclearCafe.org
Nissan LEAF Nismo RC Debuts In Europe
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Official PA Treasury Twitter Account Sarcastically Call Musk Genius


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Swiss Industry Still Squeezed by Currency Shock
Two years after the Swiss franc shock brought Switzerland to the brink of recession, Roland Goethe is still fighting for the future of the sheet metal company his grandfather set up 86 years ago.
Goethe AG is one of many manufacturers coping with the aftermath of the Swiss National Bank's decision in January 2015 to scrap a long-standing limit on the franc against the euro, Reuters reported.
The decision rocked currency markets and sent the franc rocketing against the euro, the currency of Switzerland's main export market. Swiss economic growth slowed to 0.8% in 2015, its lowest since the financial crisis year of 2009.
While Switzerland's overall economy has in some parts started to recover, many small and mid-sized manufacturers are still struggling with falling sales and profit margins.
"We've been battling the strong franc for years," said Goethe, whose company makes metal components for air conditioning units, lighting installations and machine tools.
"But it was really a shock when it went to 1-1 versus the euro last year. We can struggle through at the moment ... but the situation is bitterly difficult."
The strong franc not only hurts companies now but also reduces their ability to invest in technology to improve competitiveness.
"We are not earning enough to invest in the future," Goethe added. "Trends like digitalization, robotics, intelligent manufacturing are passing us by nearly untouched."
Swiss companies have lost sales as customers chose to buy products from the cheaper eurozone, while some have shifted operations abroad.
Margins tumbled when they cut prices to remain competitive, while the franc's rise has meant they earn less in francs from euro-denominated sales.
Goethe's sales fell by a fifth last year as it cut prices to limit lost orders, while its profit margin has shriveled to 3%.
"This year hasn't improved," said Goethe. "If it stays like this, there will be major problems for not just us, but for many companies across Switzerland."
A study by industry association SwissMechanic revealed half of the companies surveyed said earnings were unsatisfactory, while a third said they were not making enough sales.
Swissmem, another trade association, reported that sales in the first nine months of 2016 were down 3.4% from last year's already low figures.
Swiss Economy Accelerates in Q4
Swiss Manufacturing PMI Strongest Since 2011
SNB Says Strong Swiss Franc Hurting Country's Economy
Swiss PMI Highest Since 2011
Swiss GDP Stagnates in Q1
Swiss Manufacturing Output Steadies


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Home New Car Guide Ferrari 488 GTB
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Ferrari 488 GTB Overview
The 488 GTB is Ferrari's modern incarnation of the 8-cylinder mid-engined sportscar, introduced as the replacement to the 458. It provides track-level performance that can be enjoyed to the fullest even by non-professional drivers in everyday use. Standing for Gran Turismo Berlinetta, it pays homage to the brand's first-ever mid-engined V8 berlinetta, the 308. It's sculpted with classically clean, pure lines of Ferrari's legendary styling but with design elements that are nods to past models. Interweaving form and function, the 488 GTB's revolutionary aerodynamics, such as the blown spoiler and underbody, allows it to produce 325 kg of downforce. Ferrari also drew extensively on its experience in Formula 1, endurance racing, and XX program to develop the 488 GTB. The 3.9L twin-turbo V8 is rated at 670 hp or a full 100 hp more than the 458. Meanwhile, the 7-speed F1 dual-clutch gearbox with Variable Boost Management optimally distributes the 760 Nm of torque throughout the rev range, eliminating turbo lag. These figures allow it to accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h in 3.0 seconds. Despite turbocharging, Ferrari guarantees a signature deep, seductive soundtrack to come out of the 488 GTB. The prancing horse's new machine also employs new dynamic vehicle controls that keeps the 488 GTB flat and stable during complex maneuvers.
Ferrari 488 GTB Variant and Pricelist
Ferrari 488 GTB 3.9 V8
Select car model variant Ferrari 488 GTB 3.9 V8
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Key specifications & features of the Ferrari 488 GTB. View engine specs, dimensions, safety and technology features in our full variant pages.
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Read our expert reviews, up to date news, video features and road trips.
Ferrari to celebrate its 70th birthday with 350 unique models / News
Jacob Oliva · Jul 04, 2016
Have you been wanting to own a one-off sports car? In-line with its 70th birthday next year, the exquisite sports carmaker Ferrari decided to make that a reality by creating a total of 350 unique variants of their highly coveted lineup.
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Ferrari 488 GTB Review - Behind the Wheel / Video Review
It's not everyday that we get a date with an Italian hottie, but in this video, we did just that. We took the 488 GTB for a premium spin on the outskirts of the metro.
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From Casio G-Shock, this G-Steel resin watch introduces a slimmer case size in comparison to previous models. This durable watch has a black strap and a black stainless steel bezel with blue accenting the case, dial, and hands and the time is displayed in both analog and digital. The band is crafted in urethane which improves fit and lightens the load to the wrist during long-term wear. To make this watch even more efficient, G-Shock powered this G-Steel model with solar power.
Watch Type: DiversDivers: A type of watch that is designed specifically for those who will wear it when diving. Diver watches must have a minimum ATM (atmosphere) of 10.
Divers - A type of watch that is designed specifically for those who will wear it when diving. Diver watches must have a minimum ATM (atmosphere) of 10.


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Q: How to consume a oauth2 secured REST API with WebClient? I have setup a REST API that uses Keycloak to secure its endpoints with oath2 (openid-connect).
Another application is the client of that API. The goal is to be able to make a secured call from this application to the API.
I am using spring-boot-starter-oath2-client:
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-oauth2-client</artifactId>
    </dependency>

The security configuration in application.yml looks like this:
spring:
  security:
    oauth2:
      client:
        registration:
          keycloak:
            client-id: omitted
            client-secret: omitted
            scope: roles
            authorization-grant-type: authorization_code
            redirect-uri: http://localhost:9090
        provider:
          keycloak:
            authorization-uri: omitted
            token-uri: omitted
            user-info-uri: omitted
            user-name-attribute: preferred_username

The setup of the client looks like this:
@Configuration
public class ApiClientConfig {

    @Value("${api.base.url}")
    private String apiBaseUrl;

    @Bean
    public WebClient apiClient(ClientRegistrationRepository clientRegistrationRepository, OAuth2AuthorizedClientRepository authorizedClientRepository) {
        ServletOAuth2AuthorizedClientExchangeFilterFunction oauth2 = new ServletOAuth2AuthorizedClientExchangeFilterFunction(clientRegistrationRepository, authorizedClientRepository);

        return WebClient.builder()
            .baseUrl(apiBaseUrl)
            .apply(oauth2.oauth2Configuration())
            .build();
    }

When I then use this WebClient, I get a null response with a vague exception (the nullpointer itself due to the response being null), before oath this request did return a response:
java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke "be.thibaulthelsmoortel.currencyconversionweb.frontend.conversion.Conversion.getResult()" because "conversion" is null
    at be.thibaulthelsmoortel.currencyconversionweb.frontend.conversion.presenter.ConversionPresenterImpl.convert(ConversionPresenterImpl.java:34) ~[classes/:na]
    at be.thibaulthelsmoortel.currencyconversionweb.frontend.conversion.ConversionView.lambda$new$6d00ec58$1(ConversionView.java:56) ~[classes/:na]
    at com.vaadin.flow.component.ComponentEventBus.fireEventForListener(ComponentEventBus.java:205) ~[flow-server-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at com.vaadin.flow.component.ComponentEventBus.handleDomEvent(ComponentEventBus.java:373) ~[flow-server-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at com.vaadin.flow.component.ComponentEventBus.lambda$addDomTrigger$dd1b7957$1(ComponentEventBus.java:264) ~[flow-server-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at com.vaadin.flow.internal.nodefeature.ElementListenerMap.lambda$fireEvent$2(ElementListenerMap.java:443) ~[flow-server-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511) ~[na:na]
    at com.vaadin.flow.internal.nodefeature.ElementListenerMap.fireEvent(ElementListenerMap.java:443) ~[flow-server-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at com.vaadin.flow.server.communication.rpc.EventRpcHandler.handleNode(EventRpcHandler.java:61) ~[flow-server-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at com.vaadin.flow.server.communication.rpc.AbstractRpcInvocationHandler.handle(AbstractRpcInvocationHandler.java:66) ~[flow-server-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at com.vaadin.flow.server.communication.ServerRpcHandler.handleInvocationData(ServerRpcHandler.java:412) ~[flow-server-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at com.vaadin.flow.server.communication.ServerRpcHandler.lambda$handleInvocations$1(ServerRpcHandler.java:393) ~[flow-server-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511) ~[na:na]
    at com.vaadin.flow.server.communication.ServerRpcHandler.handleInvocations(ServerRpcHandler.java:393) ~[flow-server-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at com.vaadin.flow.server.communication.ServerRpcHandler.handleRpc(ServerRpcHandler.java:320) ~[flow-server-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at com.vaadin.flow.server.communication.UidlRequestHandler.synchronizedHandleRequest(UidlRequestHandler.java:92) ~[flow-server-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at com.vaadin.flow.server.SynchronizedRequestHandler.handleRequest(SynchronizedRequestHandler.java:40) ~[flow-server-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at com.vaadin.flow.server.VaadinService.handleRequest(VaadinService.java:1570) ~[flow-server-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at com.vaadin.flow.server.VaadinServlet.service(VaadinServlet.java:252) ~[flow-server-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at com.vaadin.flow.spring.SpringServlet.service(SpringServlet.java:111) ~[vaadin-spring-12.4.0.jar:na]
    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:764) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:4.0.FR]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:227) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.invoke(ApplicationDispatcher.java:711) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.processRequest(ApplicationDispatcher.java:459) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.doForward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:353) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.forward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:313) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.ServletForwardingController.handleRequestInternal(ServletForwardingController.java:141) ~[spring-webmvc-5.3.10.jar:5.3.10]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractController.handleRequest(AbstractController.java:177) ~[spring-webmvc-5.3.10.jar:5.3.10]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter.handle(SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter.java:51) ~[spring-webmvc-5.3.10.jar:5.3.10]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1067) ~[spring-webmvc-5.3.10.jar:5.3.10]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:963) ~[spring-webmvc-5.3.10.jar:5.3.10]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1006) ~[spring-webmvc-5.3.10.jar:5.3.10]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doPost(FrameworkServlet.java:909) ~[spring-webmvc-5.3.10.jar:5.3.10]
    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:681) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:4.0.FR]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:883) ~[spring-webmvc-5.3.10.jar:5.3.10]
    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:764) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:4.0.FR]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:227) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:53) ~[tomcat-embed-websocket-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:327) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.access.intercept.FilterSecurityInterceptor.invoke(FilterSecurityInterceptor.java:115) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.access.intercept.FilterSecurityInterceptor.doFilter(FilterSecurityInterceptor.java:81) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:336) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.access.ExceptionTranslationFilter.doFilter(ExceptionTranslationFilter.java:121) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.access.ExceptionTranslationFilter.doFilter(ExceptionTranslationFilter.java:115) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:336) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.session.SessionManagementFilter.doFilter(SessionManagementFilter.java:126) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.session.SessionManagementFilter.doFilter(SessionManagementFilter.java:81) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:336) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.oauth2.client.web.OAuth2AuthorizationCodeGrantFilter.doFilterInternal(OAuth2AuthorizationCodeGrantFilter.java:168) ~[spring-security-oauth2-client-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119) ~[spring-web-5.3.10.jar:5.3.10]
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:336) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AnonymousAuthenticationFilter.doFilter(AnonymousAuthenticationFilter.java:105) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:336) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.servletapi.SecurityContextHolderAwareRequestFilter.doFilter(SecurityContextHolderAwareRequestFilter.java:149) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:336) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.savedrequest.RequestCacheAwareFilter.doFilter(RequestCacheAwareFilter.java:63) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:336) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.oauth2.client.web.OAuth2AuthorizationRequestRedirectFilter.doFilterInternal(OAuth2AuthorizationRequestRedirectFilter.java:178) ~[spring-security-oauth2-client-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119) ~[spring-web-5.3.10.jar:5.3.10]
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:336) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.LogoutFilter.doFilter(LogoutFilter.java:103) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.LogoutFilter.doFilter(LogoutFilter.java:89) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:336) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.header.HeaderWriterFilter.doHeadersAfter(HeaderWriterFilter.java:90) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.header.HeaderWriterFilter.doFilterInternal(HeaderWriterFilter.java:75) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119) ~[spring-web-5.3.10.jar:5.3.10]
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:336) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.context.SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.doFilter(SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.java:110) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.context.SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.doFilter(SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.java:80) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:336) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter.doFilterInternal(WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter.java:55) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119) ~[spring-web-5.3.10.jar:5.3.10]
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:336) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy.doFilterInternal(FilterChainProxy.java:211) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:183) ~[spring-security-web-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.invokeDelegate(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:358) ~[spring-web-5.3.10.jar:5.3.10]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.doFilter(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:271) ~[spring-web-5.3.10.jar:5.3.10]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:100) ~[spring-web-5.3.10.jar:5.3.10]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119) ~[spring-web-5.3.10.jar:5.3.10]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.FormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(FormContentFilter.java:93) ~[spring-web-5.3.10.jar:5.3.10]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119) ~[spring-web-5.3.10.jar:5.3.10]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:201) ~[spring-web-5.3.10.jar:5.3.10]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119) ~[spring-web-5.3.10.jar:5.3.10]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:197) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:97) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:540) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:135) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:78) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:357) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:382) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:65) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:893) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1726) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1191) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:659) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.53.jar:9.0.53]
    at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:833) ~[na:na]

It seems like some configuration isn't correct yet, however I have played around with it, but I couldn't get it to work. Also, when the call is initiaded I do not see any active session in Keycloak, which I would expect.
Any idea why my client isn't able to perform an authenticated call?

A: There is a separation here that you should understand:

*

*An API simply validates JWTs as in this code example - it acts as a resource server and does not use OIDC

*A server side web app implements OpenID Connect as in this code example

*The end user is meant to authenticate and gain access to the web app via Keycloak also, though it sounds like you don't want to do this, perhaps because you have an existing login mechanism.
BACK END CALLS
You can authenticate the web client using Keycloak and the client credentials flow. You don't need Spring Security for that - only a simple HTTPS POST is needed. And the config would not include the authorization code grant as in your example.
The problem is that this will lose user context, since server to server flows do not return access tokens with user info. This is because you are not meant to do things on the user's behalf without involving them in the flow.
SUMMARY
You need a more complete architecture design for web security solutions. Doing it piecemeal does not work and account for all of the important factors.


In a bid to curb global warming, fight pollution and solve transport problems in congested cities, political authorities in the West and in China are taking measures which will accelerate the growth of electric vehicles (EVs). This (r)evolution is opening up opportunities at every level of the value chain: materials (metals, chemical products used in batteries), electricity producers, EV makers, and carpooling services.
Growing transport woes (particularly in cities) call for a rethink of mobility. In the context of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, fighting pollution (micro particles), compounded with the growing difficulty of travelling to, from and around cities, political authorities and economic players are forced to invent new ways of getting around. Thanks to technological advance, electricity offers new opportunities in this area.
The automobile industry is undergoing a massive transformation, and in the coming decades it will see an acceleration in electric vehicles. Demands for a cleaner ecological environment in many countries coupled with the recent scandals in the industry will explode the number of cars made with a (part) electric engine. Although electric vehicles still have a small market share (less than 5%), an increasing number of users are planning to go electric when they purchase their next vehicle. The penetration of vehicles could exceed 11% of the world market in 2025 and 26% in 2030 (source: Exane, December 2016). In this context, electric cars are becoming a huge issue for automakers, particularly with the rising number of newcomers gradually emerging on this segment.
Even though the electrification of vehicles has its disadvantages (problem of autonomy and higher costs, albeit on a sliding scale thanks to innovation), it now meets the specific needs of consumers' mobility (e.g. short journeys across the city). Other means of transportation (electric bikes, other individual means of transport) are also riding the wave of this sales momentum thanks to electrification (although it may seem anecdotal, the use of hover-boards and scooters is very much on the rise!). These new means of transport are meeting consumers' needs to get around beyond car travel.
… but also in collective initiatives.
Better mobility is part of the "smart cities" concept which consists of investing in quality urban services. The effects of overpopulation in cities are fairly powerful, as economic players (companies and consumers alike) find an interest in concentrating in the same region. However, built-up cities bring inconveniences. Sprawling towns and congested city centres make getting around a real problem. To meet this challenge, large metropolis and governments are investing in cleaner and less noisy public transport (tramways, tube trains, high-speed trains). With or without support from public authorities, companies in the private sector are innovating too with new transport solutions (self-service electric cars, scooters, bikes and car sharing services, etc.).
How to invest in mobility electrification?
At the beginning of the value chain, massive demand for high-performance batteries will lead to a large surge in demand for lithium, graphite, nickel and cobalt. Moreover, as cobalt has become very dear and stock levels face political risks, battery manufacturers are turning to solutions that consume much larger quantities of nickel. Demand could reach 40% by 2025. Meanwhile, demand for copper should also rise but the impact will only be felt in 2025 when electric vehicles and recharging stations start to ramp up their market share.
Secondly, electricity providers and suppliers of components for electric vehicles (batteries, semi-conductors, etc.) and infrastructure companies will be sensitive to the growth in electrification.
Finally, at the end of the value chain, electric carmakers, but also end services offered to consumers (e.g. carpooling) might benefit from new trends in mobility. Mobility is a worldwide issue. Developed countries and emerging markets are confronted with pollution and congestion problems in towns and cities. Therefore mobility is becoming a top priority for town and country planners in most countries.
In conclusion, the mobility theme will benefit from a long-term market trend, in our view. Investors will benefit from opportunities in a very large number of activities, both in cyclical sectors (automobile, semi-conductors, etc.) and defensive sectors (utilities), but also services and manufacturing.
This theme is not immune from environmental scandals in view of the need to extract raw materials to make batteries.
It also depends on government initiatives (e.g. tax breaks).
A sharp fall in the oil price could modify the preference for electric transportation.
Although mobility benefits from long-term trends, we continue to favour cyclical sectors. Less appetite for risk might alter the bullish trend of the theme.


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Home » Community » About Olympia » History of Olympia, Washington » Elected Officials Chronology » Olympia Mayor (1932-34) - Earl N. Steele
E.N. Steele
E. N. (Earl) Steele was born April 19, 1881 in Altoona, Iowa, the son of John and Margaret (Newell) Steele. He married Clara Remdt of Findley, Ohio, on December 25, 1917. They had three children: Margaret Steele Everst, Richard N. Steele, and Bonnie J. Steele Lindsay.
Mr. Steele was public school teacher in Tenino, Washington in 1903-04. A lawyer, he was a member of the Washington State Bar Association engaged in private law practice in Olympia from 1904-45. He was owner and manager of the Oyster Company in Olympia, 1922-50, the Rockpoint Oyster Company at Samish Bay, Washington (1922-50), and past president of the Pacific Coast Oyster Growers Association. He authored two notable books about oysters, The Rise and Decline of the Olympia Oyster and The Immigrant (Pacific) Oyster.
In 1925, when the City of Olympia changed from a Mayor/Council form of government to the Commissioner form, Steele was elected Commissioner of Finance, a position he held until he was elected Mayor and Commissioner of Public Safety in 1932.
Steele was also elected to the Washington State Legislature as a State Senator representing the Thurston County area. Earl N. Steele died in 1968.
The Following is the Forward to Steele's The Immigrant Oyster. It was written by Charles R. Pollack of Seattle in 1962.
It is only occasionally that a man who starts the development of a new idea or industry, stays with it through the formative stages, meeting problems as they arise; and the fruition of his dreams in a successful industry developed; employing several hundred people; providing profits for not only those who worked with him through the trying periods of small successes, but to others later engaged in the industry; hampered by temporary obstacles and failures, to the achieved goal, such a man is the author of this book.
It has been this writer's privilege to know the author of this book since his Pacific oyster operations started in 1924, when his company imported the first large cargo of Japanese oyster spat (seed) from the Miyagi Prefecture area of Japan. Previous small shipments of trial spat had been imported for a few preceding years prior to Messrs. Steele and Barnes taking over the program under the name of the Rock Point Oyster Company at Blanchard, Washington.
Earl Newell Steele was born in Altoona near Des Moines, Iowa, April 19, 1881; lived at Perry, Iowa, where he graduated from high school and entered the University of Iowa in 1900; graduated in law the Spring of 1903. It is a recorded fact that Steele traveled from Perry, Iowa, to Iowa City by bicycle, and mainly through his own efforts financed his schooling and graduated in law from Iowa State University in 1903.
Coming to Washington in August, 1903, Steele taught school at Tenino near Olympia for eight months, and then having passed the State Bar examination, he opened his law office at Olympia in 1904, where he practiced his profession for over forty years.
Public spirited and interested in the development of his community, he served as a Director of the Olympia Chamber of Commerce three years and its President two years; elected Olympia City Commissioner of Finance he served seven years, and was appointed Mayor to replace the Mayor who passed away; he served two years in this position; elected State Senator from Thurston County in 1932, he served four years in the Washington State Senate with very considerable distinction.
In 1907 and continuing to this date, being so close to the Oyster operations around Olympia, Steele took a great interest in the practical growing of oysters and with it the scientific development and improvement of the industry. With his summer home on Oyster Bay, the large production area for the Native Olympia Oysters, his interest which might have been called a hobby, developed with the purchase of oyster acreage into a regular profitable business side line.
Jn 1912 he was elected Secretary of the Olympia Oyster Growers Association and held that office until 1941, over 35 years. Principally through his tireless efforts the advertising of the Olympia Oyster Growers Association developed the Pacific Coast demand for these succulent bivalves to the point where the entire available production was sold each year.
On December 25, 1917, Mr. Steele married Clara Ann Remdt in Findlay, Ohio, and their three children, now grown, with families of their own, are Margaret Ann, Richard N., and Bonny Jean. Richard N. and Margaret's husband, Marshall Hinton, now operate the Rock Point Oyster Company's plant.
In 1930, it was through his efforts the Pacific Coast Oyster Growers Association was formed. He was president and secretary until 1945, and a Trustee for several years afterwards, as well as a valued consultant to date.
Beginning with the scientific study of the propagation of the Native Olympia Oyster and since early in 1920 pioneering the importation of Japanese transplanted oysters, now known to the trade as the Pacific Oyster, and engaging in the culture of this species for these many years, it goes without Saying that Earl Newell Steele, known to all of us as the Daddy of the Pacific Oyster Industry, after fifty five years, should have a whole book full of interest, information, and observations on oysters for the permanent record.
In 1957, the Olympia Oyster Growers Association published Steele's book "The Rise and Decline of the Olympia Oyster". A story of men's lives, the life of the oyster which they cultivated, and the Olympia Oyster industry.
Personal and most agreeable contacts over the years since 1924 makes me welcome this opportunity to salute "E. N." and I feel deeply honored to be asked to provide this foreword.
CHARLES R. POLLOCK
Seattle, May 1, 1962
The following article about E. N. Steele is reprinted from The Olympian newspaper's Mainly About People series published in 1964.
A new chapter has been added to the long and varied career of E. N. Steele, pioneer lawyer, legislator and businessman from Thurston County.
Eighty-three year old Steele is the author of a book about Pacific Oysters - the oysters that grow from the Japanese seed he was first to import, cultivate and put on the market.
Titled The Immigrant Oyster (Ostrea Gigas), the book is published in cooperation with the Pacific Coast Oyster Growers Association Incorporated, and is being distributed now.
The Immigrant Oyster tells the story of the first planting of the Japanese seed in Bellingham's Samish Bay 42 years ago, problems with importing the seed to the West Coast, troubles with pollution and the growth of the experiment into a profitable industry.
Steele, who also wrote The Rise and Decline of the Olympia Oyster which was published in 1957, now lives in Des Moines, but spends his summers at Rock Point Oyster Company property on Oyster Bay, where his home is located.
Just beyond the rolltop desk in the study of his home is a window that opens on to a long line of dikes protecting the company's oyster bed.
Steele remembers when there were no dikes, and oyster growing was mostly an Indian occupation.
That was in 1903, the year the young lawyer named Steele was fresh out of the University of Minnesota and ready to make his mark in Olympia.
Steele and oysters is much a story of friendship. He tasted them, liked them, and by 1904 he was growing them on the same Toten Inlet Tidelands his home overlooks.
Young Steele was to have a colorful career in the Olympia area. In 1925 he became the first City of Olympia commissioner of finance when the city switched from the mayor-council form of government to the commission form.
He served until 1931 in this capacity, and from 1932 to 1934 he was Olympia's mayor and commissioner of public safety.
But he will likely to be remembered primarily in government circles as the senator from Thurston County who in 1933 wrote the Steele Act. The law provided for the state's control of liquor sales after the end of prohibition and established the State Liquor Control Board.
But oysters are his first love, and from 1933 to 1945 Steele served as the first president of the Pacific Coast Oyster Gorwers Association, comprised of the leading men in the industry.
A long-time friend, Jay Bolster, of Olympia, says Steele is probably the most widely known oyster grower in the United States.
Thank you to Bonnie Steele Lindsay, daughter of E. N. Steele, and family friend Maggie Dutch, for providing information about former Mayor Steele as part of the City of Olympia Mayors' Biography Project conducted in 2009 as part of the City's 150th birthday celebration. Photograph provided by and published with permission of Bonnie Steele Lindsay.


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FEDERAL CONTRACT LAW
Low-income areas get a boost from SBA program
Joseph J. Petrillo
The evolution of the procurement system has generated good and bad news for small businesses. One bright spot in the picture is the new HUBZone program.
HUBZone stands for historically underutilized business zone. Unlike other special procurement policies for small businesses such as the 8(a) program, the HUBZone initiative targets employment rather than ownership. Its goal is to use federal buying power to increase investment and employment in pockets of poverty.
Areas of pervasive unemployment and underdevelopment get the HUBZone designation from the Small Business Administration. A full list of designated areas, with maps, is posted on the SBA's Web site at www.sba.gov/hubzone.
To qualify, a business must meet four criteria:
' It must be a small business as defined by SBA rules, which apply on an industry-by-industry basis.
' It must be owned and controlled by U.S. citizens.
' The principal office of the company must be in a HUBZone.
' At least 35 percent of its employees must reside in a HUBZone.
Companies that meet these criteria are certified by SBA and can be found through a search of the SBA's Procurement Marketing and Access Network, at pro-net.sba.gov. There are about 140 certified HUBZone companies.
These companies are eligible for three procurement preferences.
First, they can receive special sole-source contracts, roughly analogous to those under the 8(a) program. The contracts cannot exceed $3 million'except for manufacturing contracts, which can be for up to $5 million'and are subject to other restrictions.
Second, some contracts are set aside for HUBZone companies, and any HUBZone company can compete for such a contract provided it can do the work.
Third, HUBZone companies enjoy a 10 percent price evaluation preference when competing against other companies. The price preference doesn't apply, though, against other small businesses or when it would be barred by an international agreement, including the Trade Agreements Act. If a HUBZone company is also certified as a small disadvantaged business, it gets the benefit of that preference as well.
HUBZone companies cannot use their advantageous position in certain procurements, however. Exempt from the program are contracts that are performed by federal prison inmates;'those that are under a special program for the blind or severely handicapped; those with requirements being met by 8(a) concerns, including minority-owned small businesses admitted to a special program; and those that total less than $2,500.
The rules for HUBZone companies apply to 10 agencies, including the Defense Department, the General Services Administration and NASA. Beginning in fiscal 2001, they will apply to all agencies subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulation.
In another significant development, DOD announced that it had met its goal of awarding 5 percent of its prime contracts and subcontracts to small disadvantaged businesses. That accomplishment, however, triggered a legal requirement to discontinue the evaluation price differential for such companies, at least for DOD.
So all the news is not rosy for small businesses. GSA continues to expand the use of its Federal Supply Service Multiple-Award Schedule contracts. Getting orders under these contracts requires brand recognition or a large, nationwide sales force, areas in which small businesses are at a decided disadvantage.
Weak link
Small businesses continue to be challenged by contract bundling. Weak legal requirements on this issue were watered down further by the General Accounting Office's June 10 decision in a bid protest by S&K Electronics Inc. of Ronan, Mont.
The 8(a) vendor objected to the Treasury Department's decision to move its microcomputer needs to GSA's Seat Management Program. Although the Small Business Act says a decision to consolidate contract requirements must be justified by market research, the GAO decision made no mention of research by Treasury buyers.
Nevertheless, GAO upheld Treasury's decision to take its new bundled contract outside the 8(a) program. A logical assertion of expected benefits, without supporting market research, apparently was deemed sufficient.
Joseph J. Petrillo is an attorney with the Washington law firm of Petrillo & Powell PLLC. E-mail him at [email protected].


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August 12, 2016 by BothEyesShut
Reggae, dancehall musician Evaflow releases new single 'The Anthem'
The singer and songwriter known as Evaflow has released his new, flagship single, "The Anthem." The track has been proudly published on his own SkyStart Media independent record label without the direction of the corporate music industry. A jamming modern reggae track fitted with all the best elements of traditional dancehall and cutting-edge pop music, "The Anthem" is a clear sign that Evaflow and SkyStart Media are names to watch in 2016 and beyond.
Evaflow cites as main artistic influences Damian Marley, Nneka, Jay-Z, Sizzla, Jah Mason, Kings of Leon, UGK, and Drake. His own style is more contemporary than any of these without sounding avant garde or too experimental. He retains the attributes which made the great reggae artists of the '70s, '80s and '90s globally popular while adding his personality to the mic and a few hip-hop traits to the studio production for a blend that sounds part Jamaica, part urban jungle.
Speaking of his message for "The Anthem," Evaflow writes, "'The Anthem' is my sonic mission statement. It is a motivational manifesto promoting an unwavering commitment to actualize your aspirations. Its message … is self-reliance and determination. It promotes expressing your individuality instead of succumbing to societal expectations."
At its heart, Evaflow's "The Anthem" is a portrait of the victorious.
"Unfettered by superficial expectations and immune to expressions of doubt," he explains, "man develops the tenacity to endure failure and still be sure of success. 'The Anthem' is a description of the breaking point where man asserts himself as captain of his soul and ruler of his destiny."
SkyStart Media's Evaflow has founded a philosophy at which he is the spearhead. "Start from the sky," says his current official bio, which describes the 'sky' as a place of preparedness, great health and soundness of mind. It says Evaflow developed this philosophy through his "limitless way of looking at the world."
"The sky is not the limit," Evaflow says. "The sky is just the start. To start from the sky one must be able to fly and to fly is being in a place of consistent purposeful action."
Evaflow is also part of the InDiggNation Collective group of artists. "The Anthem" was produced by Christopher Cooper in collaboration with InDiggNation's the DrumKeys. An official music video is expected. "The Anthem" is the first public release from Evaflow's upcoming self-titled debut album, which he has termed a 'portfolio.'
"The Anthem" by Evaflow is available at over 700 online music stores worldwide now. Get in early, dancehall fans.
Links to Music –
https://soundcloud.com/evaflow/the-anthem
https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/id1141536324
https://play.google.com/store/music/album?id=Bdwnenoi5amqfupjxyhebszo3mq
https://open.spotify.com/album/29FfxKBJDZCM0zB32qwlEn
https://www.amazon.com/Anthem-Single-Evaflow/dp/B01JTWJV86/
Official Website –
http://www.evaflowmusic.com
This entry was tagged evaflow, evaflow skystart, indie dancehall, indie reggae, indiggnation, new dancehall, new reggae, skystart, skystart media, the anthem.


I'm going to write about the Whole Foods Pembroke Pines Grand Opening somewhere else in a little bit, and I'll link it here when I do. But I thought it would be worthwhile to show you a few beer photos from inside. BTW, I made the first beer purchase for this store. 9:05 am, 5 minutes after opening. A six pack of Lagunitas Imperial Red was the only thing I purchased. Mom would be so proud!
Honestly, though, I probably would have purchased more if the parking lot wasn't completely mobbed by thousands of crazed people, marching bands, cheerleaders, cameramen, the Mayor's entourage, etc, etc. Walking the quarter mile back to my car with one sixer was already too much.
Let's see. As you saw, I didn't stay too long, but some quick local points of interest. Torpedo 12-packs are on sale until April 20ish for $10.99. Forget Publix if you love that one like I do. They also have Lagunitas Imperial Red (as you read above) and Sierra Nevada Ruthless Rye, both of which have been long gone from the Total Wine up the road. I guess that stock probably won't last though so get on it.


On today's agenda, we have another adventure with every-one's favorite vegan: Alicia Silverstone. OK, so she may not be your favorite vegan, she probably isn't even my favorite vegan (my boyfriend is), but I really enjoy her book. It has a lot of interesting recipes that I wouldn't usually make, and I find her focus on macrobiotic cooking to be informative. Case in point: I'm sure that you have seen smoked tofu at the grocery store. Well, if you live in West LA, go to Whole Foods, and spend a lot of time hanging around the vegan case, I am sure you have seen smoked tofu in the grocery store. It's exactly what it sounds like, in the sense that it's extra firm tofu which has been cooked in a smoker and infused with some additional flavors. Let me tell you, it's delicious.
Alicia has a recipe for smoked tofu with an orange-agave dipping sauce. It's as simple as slicing the tofu and sauteing it lightly in sesame oil. I suppose that it's more of a hint than a recipe, and that the real recipe is for the orange dipping sauce. I made a couple of substitutions with my sauce, but we still really enjoyed it, and it was a nice compliment to the complex flavors of the smoked tofu. As you can see from the picture, I may have cooked my tofu a touch too long, but I contend that it just helped compliment the smokey flavors. I used this recipe for a quick weeknight dinner after yoga class. Before I started the tofu, I put some string beans and Trader Joe's vegetable gyoza into the steamer of my rice cooker. When they were almost done, I tossed the tofu slices with cornstarch and threw them into a medium-hot pan that had been lightly coated with sesame oil. After the jump, check out my recipe for Alicia-inspired dipping sauce.


Down-regulation of ABCG2, a urate exporter, by parathyroid hormone enhances urate accumulation in secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Parathyroid hormone contributes to the down-regulation of cytochrome P450 3A through the cAMP/PI3K/PKC/PKA/NF-κB signaling pathway in secondary hyperparathyroidism.
New rapid detection test with a combination of polymerase chain reaction and immunochromatographic assay for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.
New rapid polymerase chain reaction-immunochromatographic assay for Porphyromonas gingivalis.


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Owen Suskind was a normal boy, until suddenly, at the age of three he was affected by a developmental disorder. What begins as a concern from his parents turns into a hopeless reality: Owen is diagnosed with autism. He can't speak properly and ends up disconnected from the world around him. One of the only things he can do is watch Disney animated movies with his older brother. At the moment when his parents had almost lost all hope that their son might talk again one day, Owen communicates with them, quoting something familiar: a sentence from one of the Disney movies he watches all day long. Soon, his parents discover that their son is only able to communicate through the fictional world he built up in his head, based on Disney cartoons. This discovery opens a whole new world of possibilities for Owen and his family that will lead them much further than they ever could have imagined.
This humane and astonishing documentary treats the case of Owen Suskind and the subject of autism with sensibility and hopefulness, and yet, with the rigour required. Life, animated moved deeply the crowds at each competition where it was presented and won numerous audience awards at festivals such as Full Frame Documentary Film Festival, Nantucket Film Festival and San Francisco International Film Festival in 2016. This impeccable documentary also seduced the juries: it was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize at last year's Sundance Film Festival. Furthermore, it is nominated for Best Documentary at the 2017 Oscars, it was selected among the Top Five Documentaries by the National Board of Review and it won the Directing Award at Sundance Film Festival in 2016. Without a doubt, Life, animated will move the audience at Americana Film Festival too, as we witness an absolutely incredible story. Maybe cinema never worked its magic as much as it did for Owen.
2016: Oscar – Shortlist
2016: Sundance Film Festival – Directing Award Documentary
2016: San Francisco International Film Festival – Audience Award
2016: Full Frame Film Festival – Audience Award
2016: Top Five documentaries in the National Board of Review
Direction: Roger Ross Williams
Screenplay: Ron Suskind
Cinematography: Thomas Bergmann
OST: T. Griffin, Dylan Stark
Subtitles: Subtitula'm
Contact: Dogwoof


text:
ETIC
Following the presidential elections which took place in Ivory Coast on the 31st of October, series of events and violence in the country have led to the death of 13 people to date. The outgoing president, Mr. Alassane Ouattara has been re-elected with 94.2% of the votes, but the opposition contests the results and the country is...
Protests against the police brutality have escalated on Monday 19th of October 2020 in Lagos and other towns of Nigeria. The Governor of Lagos State has imposed a 24hour curfew all over Lagos State starting from Tuesday 20th of October 4pm. It is however uncertain if curfew will be extended or if other similar measures...
Considering the increase of pirates attacks in the Gulf of Guinea, the authorities of Benin have shown concern and they have taken further measures to prevent such attacks. It is now imposed to every vessel bound for the Port of Benin to have an embarked armed security team. Failing this, the vessel will automatically be provided with a security service by the Benin...
The IVORY COAST government declared the state of health emergency up to 31/05/2020. A curfew has been imposed in Abidjan as from 21:00 to 05:00. Schools are closed up to 17/05/2020. All borders are closed for all passengers, gatherings of more 50 people are prohibited and working from home is advised. Offices bank and public bodies are till operational, working from 07:00 to...
State of Emergency has been declared by the Government of Liberia for 21-days as from 10/04/20 i.e. up to 30/04/20 in the county of Montserrado (which includes the city and port of Monrovia). Most of the public administration and commercial entities are closed except essential public and private bodies. Individuals have been requested to stay at home and are...
The Government has declared the full country in health emergency state The Government has declared the full country in health emergency state and a curfew has been in force from 7 pm to 6 am since 02/04/2020). All schools, universities and institutes have been closed since 19/03/2020 as well as churches and mosques. Social distancing has been recommended and the Government imposed the compulsory wearing of masks since 15/03/2020 until further notice. A...
Kenya – Bagging operations outside the port
The Kenya Ports Authorities (KPA) have issued a circular note on the 21st of April 2020 informing that vessels arriving in Mombasa with bulk cargo will be discharged directly on trucks without prior bagging. Usually the bagging operations take place at quay all along the discharging operations and trucks loaded with bagged cargo then leave the port area. As from the 24th of April 2020, the bagging operations are prohibited within the port area...
COVID 19 situation in Senegal
State of emergency was declared in Senegal on 24/03/2020. Hygiene measures and social distancing have been recommended Curfew from 8 pm to 6 am is still effective. Crew on board foreign vessels calling Senegalese ports for commercial operations are required to stay on board, to refrain from going ashore or to port installations without a special authorization. In addition, the government imposed the...
COVID 19 situation in Democratic Republic of Congo
The government has declared Health Emergency State in Democratic Republic of Congo. However people are free to work in compliance with sanitary measures (minimum personnel only is allowed to stand in the office, prohibition of gathering/groups etc…). The capital Kinshasa is much affected and people located at Gombe (Kinshasa neighborhood) are lock down in order to avoid...
COVID 19 situation in Kenya
Mass testing for the coronavirus commenced on 19/04 at the Port of Mombasa for the employees of the Kenya Ports Authority (KPA). Acting Managing Director Eng. Rashid Salim and General Manager Operations and Harbor Master Captain William Ruto coordinated the exercise and were among the first 50 KPA staff to undergo the COVID-19 test. Officials...


A complete set of tax maps and commitment books are now available.
The deadline for dog licensing is quickly approaching. All renewals must be made on or before January 31, 2018. Renewals after that dates will incur a $25 late fee. Licenses may be paid in the Town Office during normal busines hours. Learn more in the Animal Control page of our website.


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Home Security Systems Market Could Exceed $78 Billion By 2025
By: FinancialNewsMedia.com Newswire for Stock Alerts, Public Company News Alert
Palm Beach, FL – July 28, 2020 – Although the recent global health crisis has hampered the growth in the home security systems market, experts predict that stronger growth is on the horizon. A report from MarketsAndMarkets projects that, the global home security systems market size, which is valued at USD 53.6 billion in 2020, is expected to reach USD $78.9 billion by 2025, at a CAGR of 8.0% during the forecast period. The growth of the home security systems market is driven by factors such as growing awareness regarding home security systems, the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless technologies and increasing adoption of IP cameras for video surveillance amid COVID-19 crisis. The report said: "The pandemic COVID-19 has severely impacted the growth of the global home security systems market. Global sales are expected to decline by 5–10% in this fiscal year, depending upon the progression of the virus spread. The impact of COVID-19 on major markets such as the US and China has been significantly adverse, as supply chain disruption in China has resulted in a decline in the demand for home security systems. The decrease in the number of new construction projects and the closure of manufacturing facilities are some of the factors affecting the demand in China. The market in the US is expected to show stronger growth in comparison to other countries in the Americas region." Active companies in the markets this week include: ATWEC Technologies, Inc. (OTCPK: ATWT), ADT Inc. (NYSE: ADT), Alarm.com Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: ALRM), Digital Ally, Inc. (NASDAQ: DGLY), Wrap Technologies, Inc. (NASDAQ: WRTC).
The article continued: "The introduction of security solutions based on data-driven machine learning and AI is the emerging trend in the home security systems market. The intelligent virtual assistants (IVA), such as Alexa and Google, have already been integrated by companies in different home security systems. The surveillance cameras today use AI and deep learning to empower security with more reliability and accuracy… The key benefits of this new technology include human body detection, facial recognition, people counting, and vehicle management. The AI-based deep learning and computer vision predict the occurrence of a crime before the actual event. The system can recognize the owners of the house. It learns the residing family's daily routine, especially with the families having frequent visitors, and any unusual event. AI powers the surveillance cameras enabling them to analyze live video."
ATWEC Technologies, Inc. (OTCPK: ATWT) BREAKING NEWS: ATWEC Technologies Acquires Level Three Security for Cash and Stock – ATWEC Technologies, a US-based technology company specializing in child safety, today announced it has signed a binding Letter of Intent with Level Three Security, a Memphis-based security company specializing in residential and commercial alarm services throughout the Southeast US.
Level Three agreed to be acquired for cash and stock, and will become a new business division of ATWT, adding its powerful surveillance products and services to ATWEC's unique line of child safety and security products. Level Three's President, Calvin Keys was enthusiastic about the deal, stating, "We utilize a robust surveillance and monitoring system to strengthen residential and workplace security in real time environments. We love being able to expand ATWEC's target markets beyond vehicle safety, and into the homes and businesses of the community."
The Company held a Board of Directors meeting on July 27, where the directors discussed the Company's 2020 growth strategy, and unanimously approved the Level Three Security acquisition. The Company will immediately acquire substantially all of Level Three's assets and liabilities, while adding new resources to assume the operations of its new security division. Specific terms of the transaction were not disclosed.
Alex Wiley, ATWEC's President and CEO, said, "At a total projected cost of more than $1M, this acquisition is significant to our near-term financial outlook and our growth strategy. It is one of several transactions that the Board has been working on since early January, and represents the first step in our comprehensive growth by acquisition plan." The Board likewise approved the acquisitions plan of offering the target companies cash and restricted stock, facilitated through a new liabilities funding program, scheduled to commence during 3Q 2020.
Additionally, the Company unanimously approved a plan to pursue a move from over-the-counter market to the OTCQB by 2021. The move will require financial audits and other minimum requirements, and the Company is now evaluating several PCAOB registered accounting firms to complete financial audits.
Mr. Wiley continued, "Today the Board approved a plan to get ATWEC to the OTCQB by 2021. The move will require financial audits and other specific requirements, but we are confident that we can get there quickly. This will be another milestone in our development from startup company to major player in security technology, working to make the world a safer place." Read this entire release and more news for ATWT at: https://quotemedia.com/portal/news?qm_symbol=ATWT
Other recent developments in the markets include:
ADT Inc. (NYSE: ADT) recently announced that, via ADT Commercial, its commercial channel, it is joining forces with Dollar Tree, Inc (DLTR), to help provide protection to its retail locations nationwide. ADT Commercial, a premier provider of commercial security, fire, life safety and risk consulting services in the U.S., will provide comprehensive and innovative security solutions and monitoring services at the majority of Dollar Tree and Family Dollar locations across the U.S.
"In these rapidly evolving times, we're thrilled to be partnering with Dollar Tree for what marks the largest contract to-date for ADT Commercial," said Jim DeVries, President and CEO of ADT. "Dollar Tree has shown itself to be a true industry leader by seeking out some of the most groundbreaking, enterprise-level security solutions on the market."
Alarm.com Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: ALRM) has recently won a New Product Showcase Award from the Security Industry Association (SIA), earning recognition in two categories for 2020. The Alarm.com Smart Water Valve+Meter, which redefines water management in smart homes and businesses, won the Smart Home Solutions category. On-Site Wrap Up, an Alarm.com MobileTech application that helps validate partner-defined installation procedures and improve customer satisfaction, was selected for the Design, Diagnostic and Installation Tools category.
"SIA's recognition of our On-Site Wrap Up feature and Smart Water Valve+Meter underscores our commitment to creating innovative products and solutions that help our partners provide world-class service," said Alarm.com Chief Product Officer Dan Kerzner. "We understand the value of having integrated devices controlled by a single platform. Equally important is making sure they're simple to install and easy to use. Especially in today's environment, we want to enable technicians to be as thorough and efficient as possible, so they can deliver the best professional service to customers using our technology."
Digital Ally, Inc. (NASDAQ: DGLY) recently announced the receipt of notable orders for its Asset Tracking Unit (ATU) from zTrip, Inc. ("zTrip") and Gila River Emergency Medical Transportation Services (Gila River). These two orders total over 600 ATUs with revenue exceeding $300,000 over the lifetime of the contracts.
The Company's ATU features 4G cellular connectivity, allowing the unit to serve as a mobile hotspot and upload crucial video evidence and data directly to the cloud when the vehicles are in use. Additional features include GPS tracking, fuel consumption reports, and other customizable data.
Wrap Technologies, Inc. (NASDAQ: WRTC) recently reported another successful deployment of the BolaWrap remote restraint device on a noncompliant suspect. BolaWrap is carried by more than 150 police agencies across the United States and has been used to safely end dangerous police encounters in various cities across Texas, California, Florida, Minnesota, and now, New Mexico.
"We are pleased to see the BolaWrap continue to serve its purpose in the field on real subjects," said Mike Rothans, Chief Operating Officer at Wrap Technologies and retired Assistant Sheriff of the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department. "When you think about the potential outcome of this encounter in light of recent events in Atlanta and Minneapolis, you can appreciate the outstanding policework done by Bernalillo County Sheriff's Office and the potential life saved when they chose to use the BolaWrap.
DISCLAIMER: FN Media Group LLC (FNM), which owns and operates FinancialNewsMedia.com and MarketNewsUpdates.com, is a third party publisher and news dissemination service provider, which disseminates electronic information through multiple online media channels. FNM is NOT affiliated in any manner with any company mentioned herein. FNM and its affiliated companies are a news dissemination solutions provider and are NOT a registered broker/dealer/analyst/adviser, holds no investment licenses and may NOT sell, offer to sell or offer to buy any security. FNM's market updates, news alerts and corporate profiles are NOT a solicitation or recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities. The material in this release is intended to be strictly informational and is NEVER to be construed or interpreted as research material. All readers are strongly urged to perform research and due diligence on their own and consult a licensed financial professional before considering any level of investing in stocks. All material included herein is republished content and details which were previously disseminated by the companies mentioned in this release. FNM is not liable for any investment decisions by its readers or subscribers. Investors are cautioned that they may lose all or a portion of their investment when investing in stocks. For current services performed FNM has been compensated forty six hundred dollars for news coverage of the current press releases issued by ATWEC Technologies, Inc. by a non-affiliated third party. FNM HOLDS NO SHARES OF ANY COMPANY NAMED IN THIS RELEASE.
This release contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and such forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. "Forward-looking statements" describe future expectations, plans, results, or strategies and are generally preceded by words such as "may", "future", "plan" or "planned", "will" or "should", "expected," "anticipates", "draft", "eventually" or "projected". You are cautioned that such statements are subject to a multitude of risks and uncertainties that could cause future circumstances, events, or results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements, including the risks that actual results may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, and other risks identified in a company's annual report on Form 10-K or 10-KSB and other filings made by such company with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You should consider these factors in evaluating the forward-looking statements included herein, and not place undue reliance on such statements. The forward-looking statements in this release are made as of the date hereof and FNM undertakes no obligation to update such statements.
Media Contact email: editor@financialnewsmedia.com – +1(561)325-8757
ADT Inc Alarm.com Atwec Tech Inc Digital Ally Inc Wrap Technologies Inc


Symbiosis Institute of Operations Management (SIOM) Nashik released final MBA placement report for the batch 2015-17. Symbiosis Institute of Operations Management (SIOM), Nasik, under the gamut of Symbiosis, is a sui generis institution which aims at providing world class education in Operations Management. (SIOM's endeavor is to mould competent Techno-Business Managers who are capable of handling people intensive management processes, leading organization towards success. For the batch 2015-17 highest CTC 17.5 LPA and average CTC is INR 9.745 LPA and average CTC for freshers is 7.18 LPA. SIOM witnessed 91% placements for the MBA Batch of 2017. Students have bagged coveted profiles and lucrative packages across various sectors and verticals ranging from Consulting, E-Commerce, FMCG, IT/ITES, Logistics, Manufacturing, Pharmaceuticals, Financial Services, Telecom, Retail etc. The campus saw proactive participation by a large number of diverse conglomerates.
For the batch 2015-17 highest CTC 17.5 LPA and average CTC is INR 9.745 LPA and average CTC for freshers is 7.18 LPA. SIOM witnessed 91% placements for the MBA Batch of 2017.


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Asthma is the most common chronic illness seen in childhood, affecting 5 to 15 percent of children in the United States, approximately 3 million children younger than eighteen years of age. One-third of these children have severe asthma. Over the last twenty-five years, there has been an increase in the prevalence of asthma. Although part of this may be attributed to physicians diagnosing asthma earlier in children, there still seems to be a real rise in the number of children worldwide with asthma. In the United States, African-American children are more likely to have asthma and more severe instances of the disease compared to Caucasian children. African-American children under four years of age are hospitalized four times as often for their asthma. Crowded inner city living also has been shown to increase a child's likelihood of having asthma, regardless of race. The inner city environment has particles or allergens such as air pollutants that sensitize these children to develop asthma. Urban settings provide increased allergic exposures and increased viral infections early in life (possibly secondary to earlier daycare placement), and crowding. Furthermore, asthma tends to be more severe among children, resulting in higher death rates for children with asthma. Other associated factors include prematurity, low birthweight, poor nutrition, lack of breastfeeding, and low family income. Genetics also plays a role in developing asthma. If one parent is affected with asthma, the child is three times as likely to develop asthma compared to a child with non-asthmatic parents; if both parents have asthma, the risk increases sixfold.
Asthma is an illness that affects the lungs, specifically the airways. Air enters the body through the nose or mouth. It then enters the trachea, also known as the windpipe. This is the large main airway of the lungs. The trachea then divides into two smaller pipes called bronchi that bring air to both the right and left lungs. These airways then divide into many smaller airways called bronchioles. These small airways eventually bring air (and oxygen) to the smallest sub-unit of the lung called the alveolus. The alveolus is where oxygen enters the blood and where carbon dioxide is released. There are hundreds of thousands of alveoli in each lung.
The airways are made up of three parts. First there are the smooth muscle cells that surround the airway. These cells allow the airway to get bigger or smaller by relaxing or contracting. These muscles are involuntary, meaning that they cannot be consciously moved. They respond to local chemicals and nerves to relax and contract. The second part is the lining of the tube, which is made of normally thin cells called epithelial cells. These cells help to protect the body Children who suffer from asthma use inhalers, or bronchodilators, which allow them to breathe easier. (B. S. I. P./Custom Medical Stock Photo) from particles (such as viruses or bacteria) that may be breathed in but that should not be absorbed into the lungs or the body. The cells do this by trapping particles in mucus and moving them out by a brush border, which acts as a moving carpet by beating and bringing the particle laden mucus back out of the lungs. When the particles get closer to the throat, a person can feel them and is then stimulated to cough to get them out of the lungs. The third part is the lumen, or airway opening through which the air passes on its way to the alveolus to bring oxygen to the lungs (that will then be used by the body). The size of this lumen is affected by the smooth muscle, the lining cells, and by any debris (mucus and particles).
When someone has an acute asthma attack, their airways narrow because of smooth muscles, swelling or edema of the airway lining cells, and production of excessive mucus by these cells, making it more difficult to move air in and out of the lungs. When this happens, the patient will often cough, breathe more quickly than normal, and feel short of breath. People with asthma may also have noisy breathing, or wheezing. Wheezing occurs because the patient must still move the same amount of air through a narrower airway in the same amount of time. This means the air has to move faster to move past these narrow areas. This is heard as wheezing. The process is similar to water flowing through a narrowed pipe or tube; for example, through a nozzle. Water flow becomes noisy and audible, where it is normally quiet. Wheezing, however, may also occur in patients who do not have asthma but may have airway narrowing for other reasons such as a foreign body in the airway. Very young children may wheeze in response to a cold but may not have asthma when they get older. Patients having an asthma attack also can appear to be breathing hard, using extra muscles like their abdomen, shoulders and rib muscles to breathe. If allowed to continue without treatment, a patient will continue to work harder and harder until the muscles of breathing are exhausted, thus leading to death. Patients with asthma may be mildly to severely ill with an asthma attack, and symptoms can progress very quickly if not treated.
Many things can cause asthma attacks. For some people key triggers can be identified. Triggers are environmental, infectious, or social causes that set off a person's asthma. Common triggers include pollens, cigarette smoking, secondhand smoke exposure, dust mites, molds, pet dander, colds, cold air, exercise, stress, and changes in weather. These triggers are sensed by the lungs and the body over-responds, causing an asthma attack. Some patients have asthma where no clear trigger can be identified. Individuals with many allergies are at higher risk for getting asthma. People with eczema (an itchy dry skin condition often associated with allergies) also are more likely to have asthma.
Treatment of asthma requires a whole life approach. Prevention of attacks is extremely important, especially in children with moderate to severe asthma. This requires a multifactorial approach involving attention to and potential changes in all spheres of a child's life, including home and school. Environmental modification includes elimination of triggers such as cigarette smoke, pet dander, dust, molds, pollens, and insects (especially cockroaches). Special care to avoid colds is also important. Furthermore, some children require preventive or prophylactic medicine daily to decrease the number of attacks. These include anti-inflammatory medications in more severe cases of asthma, to help decrease inflammation and swelling of airway lining cells. Once an acute asthma attack has started, treatment consists of albuterol, which immediately relaxes the smooth muscle to help open the airway. Steroids can also increase airway size by decreasing acute inflammation. Oxygen may also be needed. Education of patient, family, and other caregivers in the early recognition of symptoms is key to successful treatment of an asthmatic attack, and improving baseline lung functioning.
Asthma, like any chronic illness, can have a significant impact on a child's psychosocial functioning and development. Children with asthma exhibit a threefold increase in school absences (on average) when compared to children without asthma. A study by Fowler from 1992 also suggests a potential link between asthma and learning disabilities in children with poor to fair health because of severe asthma with poorer school performance. Children with asthma who come from lower income families (household income less than $20,000 per year) were twice as likely to fail a grade than healthy children from low income homes in this study.
Children with asthma also exhibit increased emotional vulnerability. They may demonstrate anxiety regarding their asthma, and feel physically vulnerable as well, sometimes out of proportion to the severity of their asthma. Anxiety with hyperventilation can be a trigger for stress-induced asthma attacks. Young children with moderate to severe asthma may have great fears and anxieties regarding their health and fear of death at a very young age. In addition to the child, parents also develop fear and anxiety in relation to their child with chronic illness, which also may be out of proportion to the severity of the child's asthma. This can lead to increased parental sheltering and over protectiveness, giving rise to the vulnerable child syndrome and feeding the child's anxiety.
Asthma can also be an isolating illness for school-age children. Increased school absences take them away from their friends and peers. Having to leave the classroom to receive medicines or treatments also may give the child a sense of being set apart from peers and therefore different. Furthermore, classmates may perceive the child as being "sick" and may treat him differently as a result, further impairing bonding with peers.
In conclusion, asthma is a common illness among children. It affects their physical, psychosocial, and emotional lives. Effective management involves the child, family, pediatrician, school personnel, and when needed, allergy specialists to minimize symptoms and allow children with asthma to thrive.
See also: CHRONIC ILLNESS
Bloomberg, G. R. "Crisis in Asthma Care." Pediatric Clinics of North America 39 (1992):1225-1241.
Brugman, S. M. "Asthma in Infants and Small Children." Clinics inChest Medicine 16 (1995):637-656.
Fowler, M. G. "School Functioning of U.S. Children with Asthma."Pediatrics 90 (1992):939-944.
Gern, J. E. "Childhood Asthma: Older Children and Adolescents."Clinics in Chest Medicine 16 (1995):657-670.
Hoekelman, Robert, Stanford B. Friedman, and Modena E. H. Wilson, eds. Primary Pediatric Care, 3rd edition. St. Louis: Mosby, 1997.
Morgan, W. J. "Risk Factors for Developing Wheezing and Asthma in Childhood."Pediatric Clinics of North America 39 (1992):1185-1203.
Warner, J. O. "Third International Pediatric Consensus Statement on the Management of Childhood Asthma."Pediatric Pulmonology 25 (1998):1-17.
Ericka V. Hayes
Attachment - History Of Attachment Theory, Three Main Propositions Of Attachment Theory, Mary Dinsmore Salter Ainsworth And The Strange Situation
Asian-American Children - The Shared Asian-American Heritage, Differences among Asian-American Cultures


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Susan Anderson has led a distinguished career in Philadelphia-area archives for the last three decades. Before coming to the APS, she worked at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, where she was The Martha Hamilton Morris Archivist. She also previously worked in the archives at Pennsylvania Hospital. Susan is a leader in collections management and has published essays on "Fundraising" and "Ethics, Privacy, and Restrictions" in the Society of American Archivists' publication Museum Archives: An Introduction. She holds a Bachelors of Fine Arts from University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; a Masters of Fine Arts from Southern Illinois University; and her MLIS from Drexel University
Anatomist at Large: George Washington Corner
"Much of you in it:" Art, Archives, and Henry Allen Moe
Duly Noted: A Brief Survey of Dr. Barton's Treatments
A Bit Punchy: Festive Beverages & APS
How Shall I File It? Records Management, Then & Now
A Traveller's Tale: What Does DNA Have to Say About Me?
Osterhout and His Algae, or What's Going On In This Picture?!
Barbara McClintock's Early Scientific Ephemera
Hampton Carson and His Scientific Network—Part II
Hampton Carson and His Scientific Network


constrained (array) – Constrained parameters of, e.g., an autoregressive or moving average component, to be transformed to arbitrary parameters used by the optimizer.
unconstrained – Unconstrained parameters used by the optimizer, to be transformed to stationary coefficients of, e.g., an autoregressive or moving average component.
[*] Monahan, John F. 1984. "A Note on Enforcing Stationarity in Autoregressive-moving Average Models." Biometrika 71 (2) (August 1): 403-404.


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Family and friends To get a small amount quickly (ex.: to buy clothes, a DVD, etc.). The relationship with your family member or friend could fall apart if you don't pay back your loan as initially agreed. Remember that fair and square keep friends together!
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