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Black Friday Statistics – By Demographics, Country, Habits, Products, Ways Of Shopping
Barry Elad
Updated · Jan 12, 2023
2 (Editor's Choice)
3 What is Black Friday?
4 General Black Friday Statistics
5 By Marketing Strategies
6 By Habit
7 By Country
8 By Reasons For Shopping/Not Shopping
9 By Method
10 By Region
11 By Product
12 By Demographic
Black Friday statistics: Everyone in this world loves shopping, not to mention Black Friday shopping. This is the beginning of the Holiday season, and many people are waiting for the day to come when big brands offer maximum and budget-friendly prices. Due to convenience and digitalization, more people have turned to online shopping.
In this Black Friday statistics, a variety of insights from around the world have been shared. Such information is further categorized by demographics, country, habits, products, ways of shopping, and many more exciting pieces of information.
(Editor's Choice)
The expected online spending during Black Friday 2022 was $9.8 billion.
37% of the people believe that deals offered on Black Friday can impact the loyalty of the brand.
88% of the people are more likely to purchase from authentic brands.
Around the world, 62% of people believe that Black Friday is associated with scams.
As of 2021, 88 million and 66.5 million people did online and in-store shopping respectively.
61% of the people shop for products recommended by their influencers.
46% of the people do not prefer to wait in the shopping line to enter the store for more than 30 minutes.
As of 2022, the expected black Friday shoppers in the United States of America were 114.9 million.
66% of people prefer to pay for sustainably produced products.
On black Friday, companies offer around 25% discounts by increasing the total sales to 80%.
Black Friday is considered a day after the US thanksgiving holiday and a start to the holiday shopping season. The sales during this season are a decision for the country of the increase in the total deals, discounts, and overall sales. Black Friday is always followed a Cyber Monday which is referred to as a back-to-workday after the long weekend. During Black Friday, stores open during the pre-dawn hours to attract a huge crowd of customers. Maximum discounts are offered on big brands and other goods such as electronics, jewelry, clothing, and much more… Many times, stampedes have been observed during Black Friday as people gather in large numbers.
General Black Friday Statistics
On average, a person spends around $430 on shopping on black Friday.
In 2021, there were around 155 million shoppers around the world on Black Friday.
13% of the retail sales accounts during Black Friday and Christmas in the United States of America.
44% of the people think that brands do not offer enough on Black Friday.
36% of the people feel pressure to shop during this season.
(Reference: financesonline)
49% of the people will buy the product online if the seller offers free shipping.
Whereas, as a shopping trend during black Friday, 36% will be influenced by limited-time sales/ promotions.
Considering the UI, the accessibility of the website or app will also decide the buyer's decision on influence.
Whereas 20% of the buying decisions also matter if the store offers to buy online and picks in store option
By Marketing Strategies
Considering online shopping, the rate of cart abandonment campaigns has a 34% open rate and only a 9% click-through rate.
Whereas sent order confirmation messages have a 60% open rate.
Emailers with $off have the highest rate of conversion rate by 14.8%.
By Habit
58% of the people are interested in Black Friday sales.
36% of the people search for deals on Google, while 25% search on social media.
On the other hand, 19% of shoppers directly visit shopping websites for deals.
88% of the people compare discounts before shopping resulting in 9 out of 10 shoppers.
57% of people use mobile phones to shop online during Black Friday.
67% of the people take advantage of Black Friday deals.
As stated by black Friday statistics, 31% of people start shopping on Thursdays for Black Friday.
As per the Black Friday Statistics 2022, the global online Black Friday shopping contribution is around 49%.
Germany has the highest contribution towards black Friday shopping resulting in 59%.
Whereas the United States of America and Italy share the same contribution by overall 58% in the year 2022.
While the United Kingdom, Sweden, Australia, and Poland have respective contributions in online black Friday shopping by 56%, 54%, 51%, and 50%.
In the year 2022, Spain contributed to black Friday online shopping by 49%.
Whereas, Portugal, New Zealand, and Norway shared the shopping by 47% with a similar percentage.
Other countries with almost 50% contributions are the Netherlands (46%), Finland (45%), France (42%), and Ireland (41%).
40% and 36% of the online black Friday shopping contribution for the year 2022 was done by Belgium and Austria respectively.
There are 55.9% of the people took part in Black Friday and Cyber Monday in the year 2022.
As of 2022, 33.4% of the resident in Poland said, it depends on their mood and other circumstances.
7% of the people said they were not going to take part in Black Friday and Cyber Monday.
By Reasons For Shopping/Not Shopping
In the year 2022, 74% of Germans wanted to buy Christmas gifts at lower prices on Black Friday.
On the other hand, 66% of residents in Germany wanted to save money rather than spend money on shopping on black Friday.
Around the world, many people do not participate in in-store shopping during Black Friday. The above chart explains the reason for not shopping in stores.
8% of the people deny in-store shopping because of too much crowd.
1% belongs to the populations which say they have safety and health concerns.
48% of the people say Black Friday in-store shopping is not worth the hassle, while 40% population says there are long lines in front of the stores.
On the other hand, 25% of people believe that they get cheaper rates online.
5% of people face parking issues.
9% of the population state they have financial issues while 9.3% don't have time for in-store shopping.
People with other reasons resulted in 4.6%.
As of 2022, in the United States of America, 85% of people decided to do in-store shopping.
In the United Kingdom, 1.87 billion people were expected to shop online as of 2022.
40% of the people in Austria wanted to shop offline than online.
On average 58% of people choose to shop online because of the crowd in stores.
(Reference: fitsmallbusiness)
In the United States of America, Walmart has 62% of the traffic on the premises.
Moreover, according to the Black Friday Statistics, Target stands at 58% and various shopping malls collectively have 34% of the total crowd during Black Fridays.
(source: financesonline)
The average share of online shopping during Black Friday for Amazon increased by 24.2%.
Best buy recorded 7.0% and Walmart recorded an overall online sale of 4.6%.
9% belongs to Macy's increase in sales whereas Kohl's has 2.1% during Black Friday.
Comparing the trends of online and offline shopping between the years 2021 and 2022, the year 2022 observed more shopping resulting in 69%. In the year 2021, it was 52%.
Whereas, offline shopping during Black Friday was more in the year 2021 resulting in 35% as compared to 2022's 32%.
As per the Black Friday statistics, offline shopping in the United Kingdom as of 2022 says that the overall retail destinations have around 15.9% of the crowd.
While 13.2% of people go to the high street and 16.3% of people prefer to go to the shopping center.
Retail parks in the United Kingdom in 2022 had 8.5% of the footfall.
53% of the shoppers in the United States of America planned to shop on Black Friday.
On average, 28% of the people in Canada shop on Black Friday.
Black Friday statistics say that Gen Z is more likely to shop offline in the United Kingdom.
As of 2022, the most preferred shopping method was online/delivery.
Residents in the United Kingdom say that Black Friday no longer offers better discounts.
The majority of the people in Germany shop more on Black Friday because they think that the prices will rise further.
As per the Black Friday statistics, 74% of the millennials and 70% of the Gen Z population in France planned online shopping on black Friday, 2022.
On average, 31% of the residents in Dutch plan to shop on black Fridays.
On a usual basis, the Italian population prefers to buy electronics during the season.
In the year 2022, 75% of residents in Poland decided to purchase clothing and footwear.
49% of people say that jewelry is the most discounted product for in-store shopping.
While 77% of people say clothing and shoes are the most discounted products for online shopping.
As of 2022, the electronic segment was in higher demand as the overall purchases increased by 221%.
Other products as per the Black Friday statistics were sold as: exercise equipment (218%), smart home products (271%), audio equipment (230%), and toys (285%).
Has The Best Discount In-store
Has The Best Discount Online
Clothing and Shoes 23% 77%
Electronics 48% 52%
Jewelry 49% 51%
Video Games 28% 71%
Home and Kitchen 46% 53%
Beauty and personal care 38% 61%
Books and music 40% 59%
(Source: Zippia)
On average, compared to offline and online shopping, 23% of people say that clothing and shoes have better discounts in stores while 77% say the opposite.
In the case of electronics, 48% of people believe in-store have better discount and 52% of people believe online shopping provide better options.
28% of people say that video games are cheaper in offline stores while 71% say the opposite.
On the other hand, 46% and 38% of the people say that home & kitchen and beauty and personal care products are cheaper in stores whiles 53% of the people and 61% of support the opposite opinion.
59% of the people say books and music is cheaper online while 40% say it is cheaper in offline stores.
By Demographic
Moreover, as of 2021, 53% of the male and 44% of females planned to shop during Black Friday in France including online and offline shopping.
On average around the globe, Black Friday statistics say that 73% of women and 65% of men shop on the day online.
As of 2022, Black Friday statistics in the United Kingdom say that 16% of Gen Z wished to purchase goods only from in-store on the occasion of black Friday.
There are 8% and 5% people from millennials and Gen X groups who intend to shop offline.
13% of the population is from the baby boomers club and 14% is from the silent age group who prefer to buy goods only in stores.
18-24 32.6%
65+ 24.4%
On average 32.6% of the people from the age group of 18 years to 24 years shop during Black Friday as stated by Black Friday statistics.
There are 24.2% of the population around the globe from the age group of 25 years to 34 years.
The highest percentage of participation is done by people from the age group of 35 years to 44 years resulting in 33.6%.
There are around 29.2% of the population from the age group of 45 years to 54 years and 24.6% of the population from the age group of 55 years to 65 years.
With a minor difference, there are 24.4% of people from the age group of 65 years and above.
Black Friday and Thanksgiving are the traditional way of starting the holiday shopping season. As seen in the above Black Friday statistics, the trend to shop online during this season is growing because of digitalization. Every day each year people shop but Black Friday offers special and huge discounts therefore, the data collected from the trend is useful for the country's economy. There are many other e-commerce websites that are available 24/7 and 365 days a year such as Amazon, Best buy, Etsy, etc. which promote shopping every day giving companies an opportunity to increase sales.
FinancesOnline
Fit Small Business
Why is Black Friday important for the economy?
Due to shopping trends, the maximum amount is spent on Black Friday, and it is the biggest measure for the economy. This data helps further in many research materials.
Which countries do not support Black Friday?
Countries such as Venezuela, Iran, North Korea, and Afghanistan do not support black Friday.
Why Black Friday is celebrated?
Black Friday is a colloquial term for the Friday after Thanksgiving in the United States. It traditionally marks the start of the Christmas shopping season in the United States.
Barry is a lover of everything technology. Figuring out how the software works and creating content to shed more light on the value it offers users is his favorite pastime. When not evaluating apps or programs, he's busy trying out new healthy recipes, doing yoga, meditating, or taking nature walks with his little one.


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The magical March household, with its timeless, coming-of-age themes of sisterhood, love, ambition, growing, and the ups and downs that come with it all… When I think of Louisa May Alcott's Little Women, my childhood – particularly my early teen years – come flooding back. Just thinking about the story makes me smile.
You can only imagine my excitement when I heard that there was a new adaptation in the works to mark the 150th anniversary of the book's publication. Another opportunity to revisit it! The story has been beautifully reimagined with a fresh, modern twist. "New generation, same sisters." Having received a Utah state film incentive in 2017, the majority of the production was filmed in Salt Lake County, with the iconic March house set in suburban Holladay.
I had the pleasure of speaking to director and co-writer Clare Niederpruem (CN) and co-writer Kristi Shimek (KS) about the film, their careers and more. Clare makes her directorial debut with Little Women and most recently directed an episode of the new CW show, The Outpost, also filmed in Utah. She has previously taken roles as assistant director and production designer and acted in various features including the made-in-Utah Once I was a Beehive. Kristi has worked in television and film for the past decade as a writer and editor. She is a co-founder of the independent production company, Escapology, and has served as a producer on multiple award-winning feature films, including Looking Glass, also filmed in Utah.
Check out the trailer for Little Women if you haven't already, and be sure to go and see the film once it hits theaters on Friday, September 28.
Tell us about the inspiration for the film and what drove you to tell this story.
CN Little Women has always been my favorite story. I read the book and watched the films during my childhood, and when I revisited the book in my adulthood I found it to be even more inspirational and impactful. It also felt very relevant to my life and relatable to the relationships with other women. So, I went to Kristi (who is also a huge fan of the book) and together we explored what the March family would look like in 2018.
KS I grew up in a home that in many ways reflected the March family of Little Women. My siblings and I would create and perform plays for my parents, we played outside, we read voraciously, and we always had a lot of music, art, and film in the home. Little Women was treated as a sacred classic, and at a young age my sisters and I were each given our own copy to enjoy, which I did by reading it every year at Christmas time for many years. So, when Clare came to me with the idea of adapting Little Women into a screenplay, I jumped at the chance. I don't think she could have found a more avid fan of Little Women as a writing partner. We felt strongly that Little Women had universal themes that could translate into the modern era, and so we forged ahead with the hope that we could create something that would speak to a modern audience. More than anything, it was really important to us to tell a story of women empowering each other by supporting their unique dreams and aspirations, and Little Women is one of the greatest works of literature to portray that very idea.
Why do you think the story is still relevant and what makes it resonate with audiences 150 years on?
CN Little Women is a love story between four sisters. It's about the different stages in our life where we dream, hope, fail, learn and continue on – all human emotions that we still deal with today. Louisa May Alcott explored different female voices through the sisters, making each one of them dynamic and different, and so that everyone can relate to someone in this story. Also, the relationships between the women are complicated and lovely; I found them to be incredibly relevant to the relationships I have with the women in my life. The story also questions how we support each other even when we want different lives, have different ideals and take different paths, and how to love each other and lift one another up through those differences. All of these elements translated smoothly into a modern telling.
KS I truly believe that Louisa May Alcott was a visionary for her time, and could see a future where women were empowered and bold and an equal part of society. She was passionate about these ideas, and though we have taken many steps in that direction, there are things that we are still dealing with and working on as a society to this day. I think that is why it translates so well for the modern era. Through the four March sisters, she was able to portray the lives of four very different women with unique passions and goals, who find that their love and support of each other is more important than anything else. That theme is more relevant than ever now. We all need to support each other's dreams to create a better and brighter future for us all.
What drew you to Utah as a filming location?
KS Utah has very frequently been our home for filming, and Little Women was no exception when it came to where we wanted to shoot it. Utah is really unique in that it has many diverse landscapes, and we felt that we could get that great old-fashioned American feel out of the physical locations, which was important for the look of the film. I've also worked with the Utah Film Commission for years, and they have always been my greatest resource when it comes to finding anything I need, from locations to crew members. I always choose to shoot in Utah if I can, because I know that I will have support for Utah filmmakers in every regard.
CN First off, the amazing crews you can find in Utah. There is so much artist talent mixed with hard-working attitudes. From hair and makeup to the gaffer to the PAs – the caliber of talent is incredible. Utah embraces filming. The Film Commission is always available to help, they understand film making and are always trying to make the filmmaker's life easier. On this particular movie, they helped us find the perfect 'March Home', which was no easy task, but ended up being the perfect fit. Last, but not least, Utah has a way of making everyone feel at home. Whoever we bring from out of town is destined to have a love affair with Utah.
Can you tell us about your experience working in Utah? How much of a Utah presence did you feel on set (in terms of locations, cast and crew)?
CN See above – but to add to that, we also had a lot of local cast from Utah. We found our 'Younger Amy' who is a Utah native and she shines in the film. As well as Barta Heiner and Michael Flynn, two of Utah's greatest and most experienced actors.
KS Utah was a huge part of the filming experience of Little Women. Almost all of our locations were Utah based and the majority of our cast and crew were also Utah based. Even though we were going for the look of New England, I would say the presence of Utah is very strong in Little Women in that it gave us the ability to achieve what we were hoping and more with the film.
The film had a strong female presence both in front of and behind the camera (inc. writers, director, producers, cinematographer), which feels right to tell this story. Did you consciously seek out women to work on the film?
KS I would say that we did consciously seek out women to work on the film in some ways. Clare and I have both previously worked with a lot of the female filmmakers that joined us, including Lauren Spalding our Production Designer and Emily Jacobson our Wardrobe Designer who were both so influential to the physical look of the film. We were especially hoping to find a female Director of Photography, and we found an absolute gem in Anka Malatynska, who delivered on every level with her unique style and talent. That being said, we had some amazing men on the team who were our absolute support in making this happen and who were also extremely supportive of Clare's vision and of the feminine touch to this project. We really couldn't have done it without each and every player that came on board.
CN Because we were telling a female-driven story, we knew having a strong female crew behind the camera would be beneficial because they responded to the material so strongly. When your crew loves the story you are telling, it makes everything more meaningful and you can feel that on camera. Everyone cared about this film. Even though most people were working for under their pay grade and for longer hours than normal, everyone was passionate about the project. This created a collaborative, positive energy on set that made it a wonderful film to work on.
Did you always want to pursue a career in the film industry, and how did you start out?
CN I always knew I would be doing some sort of storytelling. I started off as an actress, and have always been a writer, so that was my first introduction into filmmaking. The first set I was on was Orcs (a Utah film) and I fell in love with the comradery of this creative outlet. I worked as a PA, an assistant, a costume designer, a script supervisor – pretty much every department possible and, in this way, I learned by experience how the filmmaking process works. Utah really embraces young, driven minds who want to learn and I was lucky enough to have opportunities to be on set and gain that experience.
KS I grew up watching, enjoying, and loving movies – from classic to modern films, but I found an interest in making a career out of filmmaking in high school. I had a media teacher who was connected to the film industry and thought I would be a good fit, so he set me up as a PA on a film set the summer before I went to university. It was a fantastic experience and I fell in love with the idea of making a career out of it and have been working at it ever since.
Clare, how did you experience being behind the camera, with this being your directorial debut?
CN It was exciting, terrifying and so rewarding. Directing is taking a piece of everyone else's art and creating one big piece of art. I love the collaboration of the process and seeing the end result is incredibly gratifying. I have a lot to learn since this is my first film, but it was my favorite role I have ever played.
What advice would you give to a local who is trying to get into the industry?
KS My advice to anyone trying to get into the industry would be to try to get on as many productions as possible and, when you land a job, work hard and show the team what you're made of. All experience is valuable, and every production will give you something to learn and grow from. Filmmaking is a lot of hard work, but it can be such a rewarding experience if you are open to what the production has to offer by way of learning.
CN Get on set as much as you can. It is the best way to learn. Even if you have to volunteer at first, there is no learning experience like being right there and seeing the process unfold. There are many productions going on in Utah at all times, and most of the time if you are polite and driven, people will enjoy having new faces on set.


ROME � Italy�s RAI is deeming the expansion of DAB+ as more important after the government's decision, included in the 2018 budget, mandating that all FM receivers sold after Jan. 1, 2019, must also be able to receive DAB. �With consumers who buy more and more [of this] new equipment…RAI could no longer afford to remain at the window, with a leopard-like coverage of the national territory,� according to ilnordestquotidiano.com.
In fact, a recent tender for the purchase of equipment for the distribution of content in RAI�s DAB+ appeared on the site of �RaiWay Suppliers.� It calls for 42 transmitters (fourrenewed and 38 new) with power ranging between 2.5 W and 1 kW to be activated in the years 2019-2019, providing coverage to Aosta, Piedmont, Lombardy, Trentino Alto Adige, Veneto, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Emilia Romagna, Tuscany, Lazio and Campania.
The Flanders region of Belgium is going to speed up the digitization of radio. Minister of Media Sven Gatz will make additional capacity available on DAB + in 2018, according to radio.nl. Previously Gatz had said that by Sept. 1 the national radio stations in Flanders should be broadcasting via DAB+.
The Swiss Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications released an additional DAB + frequency block, on Dec. 20, for the German, French and Italian language regions of Switzerland, reports schwiezmagazine.ch.


"TURRET, TRAINING TYPE A-8 FOR MODEL AT-11 AIRCRAFT"
I thought, 'wow, what a great gift. My very own gun turret. Just what every kid should have.' I then thought 'what the heck is an AT-11?' My Dad proceeded to explain to me that an AT-11 was a bombardier and gunnery trainer from WWII. The AT-11 was based on the Beech 18 but had a glass nose for the bombsight and a twin 30 caliber gun turret. It turned out that my dad and a buddy of his flew an AT-11off of Saipan in the South Pacific in 1945. They buzzed the control tower on the Japanese held island of Rota and made the lookouts jump from the tower. This is documented combat use of the AT-11!
I set my mind to finding an AT-11 to go along with my new gun turret. After the Christmas vacation was over, I returned to San Jose State's Aeronautics Department where they had two old Beech 18's that were used as instructional airframes. I was sitting in the cockpit of one of the aircraft imagining what it would be like to own one of these someday. I noticed that the other Beech 18 had a large circle of rivets on the top of the fuselage. The rivet pattern was the perfect size for a turret. Since that Beech 18 had a standard round metal nose and didn't have a Plexiglas nose for a bombardier, I didn't think that it was actually an AT-11. I ran over to it and looked under the floorboards and found the turret mounting plate. This Beech was an AT-11 at one time and had been modified.
My next stop was to see Professor Tom Leonard, the Department Chairman. As it turned out the department had just decided to get rid of the two Beech airframes and I was able to purchase the AT-11 for $250 without engines. Being the wealthy college student that I was, I had to borrow the $250 from my mother. I was now the proud owner of a 1942 Beechcraft AT-11. My first airplane! Life was good.
AT-11 42-37403 N7351C...My first airplane!
Little did I or my father know what an impact that Christmas gift would have on my life. I began to learn all I could about the AT-11 and the Beech 18. Over the years since I have owned many Beech 18's. six AT-11's, One SNB-1 (Navy version of the AT-11), three UC-45J(SNB-5) and two RC-45J's (SNB-5P). I have turned that Christmas gift into a business that specializes in the Twin Beech and it's military counterparts.
I was thankfully able to install the turret in the SNB-1and take my dad up for a flight before he died in 1994. He was thrilled to see his Christmas gift flying in an AT-11 again. I wish my Father could see the impact that his extraordinary gift had on my life. That gift along with some uncanny timing at San Jose State University directed me to where I am now with Vintage Aircraft and twinbeech.com.
This is Henry J. Ramey Jr. and Alyce Ramey the best parents that ever lived!
Thanks Mom and Dad, for giving me the most incredible opportunities that a kid could ever imagine.


The Apple Watch won't be available until 2015 but its first announced game, iArm Wrestle Champs, is already available for download on iTunes. Right now the game can only be used as seen in the video below, but once the Apple Watch is available, you'll need only to wear the watch with the game installed and begin arm wrestling: the rest is like magic.
Twitch's mobile SDK, announced only weeks ago, allows developers to implement live streaming and other goodies on a game-by-game basis. The first to do so? Asphalt 8: Airborne. A new update to the title arrives today and will be celebrated with a 24-hour livestream hosted by Gameloft.
Square Enix has announced special pricing for several of their titles for iOS as part of a sale, including Deus Ex: The Fall, Tomb Raider, and Lara Croft and the Guardian of Light.
Twitch today announced their mobile SDK, which aims to overcome certain limitations present in iOS and other mobile devices in order to allows gamers to capture live video of their virtual adventures for sharing or saving for later viewing.
For some like Dong Nguyen, creator of Flappy Bird, a successful app is too much to handle. For others, dollar signs are enough reason to cheat the system. One such app scam artist is exposed.
The craze around Candy Crush Saga has died down a bit (we blame Flappy Bird), but the title remains a cash cow for publisher King. Just how much money did the puzzle game rake in last year?
As Apple and Google take a scorched earth approach to Flappy Bird clones, a small development house out of San Francisco is seeking to capitalize on the success that original creator Dong Nguyen was so willing to give up. Along with several others, they are attempting to do so behind the protection of a trademark.


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Home » SketchUp Blog » Arquitectura Fantástica: SketchUp as School of the Mind
Arquitectura Fantástica: SketchUp as School of the Mind
Ed. note: When we first glimpsed the work being done by Professor Joaquin Lorda and the architectural history students at the University of Navarra in Spain, we knew this story, a melding of tradition and whimsy, had to be shared. Sadly, shortly after concluding the following interviews, we received word that Professor Lorda had passed away. Despite this somber news, Professor Lorda's boundary-pushing work continues to inspire us all. After consulting with the University of Navarra, we decided to publish this blog post in tribute to Professor Lorda and his dedication to the crafts of Architecture and Education.
Each semester, Professor Joaquin Lorda assigns a supplemental project that asks students to explore classical architectural methodologies, while iterating upon those prolific traditions. Students work in small teams, employing elements from Late Roman, Byzantine, Persian, Gothic, Mexican, Spanish and other time-honored styles, into collaborative architectural models limited only by imagination and processor speeds.
We asked Professor Lorda and students Álvaro Martínez Alcalde Tejerina and Miguel Acebrón to talk about the benefits of using SketchUp to collaborate in a classroom setting.
Professor Lorda's class is divided in groups of two or three students, and a timetable is used to meet the organizational demands of complex collaborative modeling like this.
Your students' projects revolve around collaboration. Can you talk about the challenges this presents, and how you overcome those challenges?
Professor Lorda: Time and organization are the greatest challenges. This exercise is not a traditional architectural design project where each student presents an individual design. It's a complementary exercise within the History of Architecture course. Students learn historical architectural composition, bringing out the best of its forms, while making progress using 3D programs. The exercise must be done in a short period of time, and students must not do an individual project; they must work one over the other, as artists did in medieval cathedrals.
"Students develop the design in couples, taking different elements of the whole building or complex. Professor Lorda sets the main space structure and then all students have to keep the same compositional style during the process." – Miguel
How does the class approach the presentation phase? Is rendering or photo editing software used?
Miguel: We don't use any rendering software. We export the model in a 2D graphic (.jpg) with high quality and then Professor Lorda highlights the volume drafting with ink pens. It's not a very common process but the results are quite impressive. Occasionally we add characters from William Walcot via Photoshop in order to show the scale of a building complex.
These images were exported directly from SketchUp; no rendering software was used.
How does SketchUp affect traditional modeling and drafting methods in the classroom?
Professor Lorda: SketchUp is an ideal tool for working on this kind of expressive architecture by adding or taking away a little bit in the composition, in the same way as if you were drafting or sculpting with your own hands. Modeling gives expressivity to architecture: a building may be strong, delicate, proud, or implacable… these qualities were acquired traditionally by drawing multiple drafts.
"We use SketchUp because it allows for the development of 3D designs in an intuitive way, making lessons more fluent and articulate, ultimately getting quick visual results needed to understand the space." – Miguel
Álvaro: In my case, this was the first time that I used SketchUp and it was really useful. Since that moment it was, and is, as important a tool as the pencil when you want to design.
The collaboration and complexity of projects in Professor Lorda's class often requires best practices in model organization and file-size management.
The projects you model are very large. How do you employ lean modeling practices to navigate the model with ease?
Miguel: Each piece of modeling is developed by a couple of students in a different SketchUp file. The complete model takes a lot of time to process when navigating so we work in separated layers, hiding the areas we are not working on at that moment.
Álvaro: We work with a lot of components, only changing the scale or symmetry. Working this way is really very efficient.
Ed. note: Using layers to help you organize your model is a great way to save time and model faster. Here's some more information on getting started with Layers.
"We intend that our projects are practicable buildings employing ancient technology, due to the subjects studied in the History of Architecture. Nevertheless, there are no limits concerning forms or architectural composition. We encourage students to be very creative." – Professor Lorda
What SketchUp functions proved fundamental to this design process?
Professor Lorda: Components proved invaluable, since almost every element or building is symmetrical. We can easily divide in 2, 4, 8, etc. equal or symmetrical pieces (inverted vertically or horizontally). For instance, any cuboid modeled is made into a component.
The Scale Tool was used to quickly adjust cuboid shapes into any size and dimension. We create all basic volumes (thick or thin, high or low) within an architectural composition. Walls, plinths, bases, baseboards, roofs, floors, moldings, etc. all are made the same way; a basic piece is made into a component and is stretched with the Scale Tool to fit any particular place.
Using Components, Push Pull, Follow Me, Arc, Circle, Scale, Offset, and other basic SketchUp tools, Professor Lorda's students are able to create wonderfully detailed models.
Miguel: We try to generate the fewest amount of different components we can and later combine them in a wide range of dispositions, similar to traditional architecture's handling of symmetry and radial display.
"The majority of this model was completed with just two tools: Push/Pull and Scale. These common tools proved powerful enough to solve most of the details." – Miguel
To learn more about the program at University of Navarra, or to learn more about Professor Lorda, please visit the University of Navarra website.
SketchUp resources for children with autism
Project Spectrum is a special program. See how Bonnie Roskes, a parent of a child with autism, was able to ...
Quick poché for your section cuts
Poché is a special technique used to fill and add areas. Learn how Bob Pineo, a licensed architect, uses Sk...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A complimentary breakfast is offered. Wireless Internet access is complimentary. Onsite self parking is complimentary.
Auberge Au Fil des Saisons is a smoke-free property.
Located in the heart of Perce, this bed & breakfast is within 1 mi (2 km) of Musee Le Chaffaud and Perce Rock. St. Michael's Church of Perce and Bonaventure Island are also within 1 mi (2 km).
Free breakfast, free self parking, and free WiFi in public areas are available at this smoke-free bed & breakfast.
All 6 rooms feature modern comforts like flat-screen TVs with satellite channels, plus free WiFi and free wired Internet. Other amenities available to guests include premium bedding, hair dryers, and free toiletries.
The property is closed between 24 November and 30 April.
Auberge Au Fil des Saisons offers 6 accommodations with hair dryers and complimentary toiletries. Beds feature premium bedding. Flat-screen televisions come with satellite channels. Bathrooms include shower/tub combinations. Guests can surf the web using the complimentary wired and wireless Internet access. Housekeeping is offered daily and irons/ironing boards can be requested.


We found more records about Breno Helio Baron.
Breno Helio Baron is buried in the Cemitério do Guarani (Brusque) at the location displayed on the map below. This GPS information is ONLY available at BillionGraves. Our technology can help you find the gravesite and other family members buried nearby.
Breno Helio Baron was 5 years old when Jonas Salk announced the successful test of his polio vaccine on a small group of adults and children (vaccination pictured). Jonas Edward Salk was an American medical researcher and virologist. He discovered and developed one of the first successful polio vaccines. Born in New York City, he attended New York University School of Medicine, later choosing to do medical research instead of becoming a practicing physician. In 1939, after earning his medical degree, Salk began an internship as a physician scientist at Mount Sinai Hospital. Two years later he was granted a fellowship at the University of Michigan, where he would study flu viruses with his mentor Thomas Francis, Jr.
Breno Helio Baron was 22 years old when During the Apollo 11 mission, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first humans to walk on the Moon. Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first two people on the Moon. Mission commander Neil Armstrong and pilot Buzz Aldrin, both American, landed the lunar module Eagle on July 20, 1969, at 20:17 UTC. Armstrong became the first person to step onto the lunar surface six hours after landing on July 21 at 02:56:15 UTC; Aldrin joined him about 20 minutes later. They spent about two and a quarter hours together outside the spacecraft, and collected 47.5 pounds (21.5 kg) of lunar material to bring back to Earth. Michael Collins piloted the command module Columbia alone in lunar orbit while they were on the Moon's surface. Armstrong and Aldrin spent 21.5 hours on the lunar surface before rejoining Columbia in lunar orbit.
Breno Helio Baron was 31 years old when Jim Jones led more than 900 members of the Peoples Temple to mass murder/suicide in Jonestown, Guyana, hours after some of its members assassinated U.S. Congressman Leo Ryan (pictured). James Warren Jones was an American religious cult leader who initiated and was responsible for a mass suicide and mass murder in Jonestown, Guyana. He considered Jesus Christ as being in compliance with an overarching belief in socialism as the correct social order. Jones was ordained as a Disciples of Christ pastor, and he achieved notoriety as the founder and leader of the Peoples Temple cult.
Breno Helio Baron was 41 years old when The tanker Exxon Valdez spilled 10.8 million US gallons (260,000 bbl; 41,000 m3) of oil into Prince William Sound, Alaska, causing one of the most devastating man-made maritime environmental disasters. A tanker is a ship designed to transport or store liquids or gases in bulk. Major types of tankship include the oil tanker, the chemical tanker, and gas carrier. Tankers also carry commodities such as vegetable oils, molasses and wine. In the United States Navy and Military Sealift Command, a tanker used to refuel other ships is called an oiler but many other navies use the terms tanker and replenishment tanker.
Breno Helio Baron was 52 years old when Columbine High School massacre: Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold killed 13 people and injured 24 others before committing suicide at Columbine High School in Columbine, Colorado. The Columbine High School massacre was a school shooting that occurred on April 20, 1999, at Columbine High School in Columbine, an unincorporated area of Jefferson County, Colorado, United States, in the Denver metropolitan area. In addition to the shootings, the complex and highly planned attack involved a fire bomb to divert firefighters, propane tanks converted to bombs placed in the cafeteria, 99 explosive devices, and car bombs. The perpetrators, senior students Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, murdered 12 students and one teacher. They injured 21 additional people, and three more were injured while attempting to escape the school. The pair subsequently committed suicide.
Breno Helio Baron was 56 years old when Facebook, a mainstream online social networking site, is founded by Mark Zuckerberg. Facebook is an American online social media and social networking service company based in Menlo Park, California. Its website was launched on February 4, 2004, by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes.


Our June issue is out today and it's all about living well, keeping it simple, being fulfilled and enjoying the moment.
We have 35 best kept instant style secrets for you to incorporate into your summer wardrobe plus ways to a tailor made tan to achieve a natural bronze.
This month we speak to Ruth Langsford about being the happiest she's ever been and hear from four famous faces as they share their happy place – where they go to feel like the best version of themselves. If you can't wait until you've got your hands on the issue, read a little snippet of Ruth's great loves here.
Be inspired by our array of top tips, from hair and beauty, style advice on how to embrace florals to delicious dishes that will revive your weekday supper.
Flick through for you new issue preview now and make sure you download the June issue today!


text:
Former Twitch Executive Matthew DiPietro Appointed CMO of Kin
DiPietro to drive marketing strategy for the Kin brand, platform, and product suite
Kin Ecosystem Foundation
Sep 18, 2018, 12:00 ET
WATERLOO, Ontario, Sept. 18, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- The Kin Ecosystem Foundation, the nonprofit governance organization for the cryptocurrency Kin, in conjunction with Kik Interactive Inc., maker of the popular chat platform Kik, today announced the appointment of Matthew DiPietro as chief marketing officer (CMO). Formerly senior vice president of marketing at popular live streaming platform Twitch, DiPietro will lead marketing and brand strategy for Kin and its associated products and services, including the Kin Developer Program.
Matt DiPietro, CMO of Kin
"Educating developers on the benefits of cryptocurrency and its potential use cases in everyday life is crucial to Kin's success," said Ted Livingston, founder of Kik and Kin. "Matt's previous experience at Twitch, where he defined a new industry and helped drive mainstream adoption of live streaming, is a perfect fit as we work towards making Kin the most used cryptocurrency in the world."
"Kin's audacious goal is to be the world's most used cryptocurrency," said DiPietro. "We have a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to drive adoption of a transformative technology that can fundamentally change the relationship between consumers and developers. I'm looking forward to creating and executing a marketing strategy that helps make that happen."
DiPietro joins Kin after eight years at Twitch where he launched the company's brand and led all marketing initiatives, including the creation of TwitchCon, the company's annual convention that engages Twitch creators and their communities. Starting as the only marketing employee at Twitch, DiPietro successfully grew the team to more than 40 people working on brand marketing, communications, content marketing, creative services, events, and product marketing.
The announcement comes on the heels of Kin's increasing momentum in the space. The project recently announced the Kin Developer Program, an initiative that empowers developers to build Kin-powered experiences, along with the launch of the Kinit Beta app, the first publicly available app dedicated to Kin. For more information, please visit http://www.kinecosystem.org/.
About Kik Interactive, Inc.
Kik Interactive, Inc., connects the world through chat. The company is the maker of Kik, a popular chat platform, and the creator of Kin, the cryptocurrency for consumer apps. Founded in 2009, Kik Interactive, Inc. is headquartered in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. For more information on Kik, please visit https://www.kik.com/. For more information on Kin, please visit https://www.kinecosystem.org.
About Kin Ecosystem Foundation
The Kin Ecosystem Foundation is a Canadian nonprofit corporation established for the governance of the cryptocurrency Kin and is tasked with growing an open ecosystem of digital services. The foundation will oversee the Kin Ecosystem on matters, including development of the Kin Rewards Engine, membership, security, and the ecosystem's transition to a fully decentralized model. For more information, please visit http://kinecosystem.org.
Alec Booker
SOURCE Kin Ecosystem Foundation
http://www.kinecosystem.org


Published 04/26/2019 10:15:52 am at 04/26/2019 10:15:52 am in What Does Cree Mean In Led Lighting.
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Hey ! I would like to request a showing of 6344 Oriole Drive. Let me know what times you are available. Thank you!
Beautiful townhome located in gated community with pool and private 2 car garage. 3 stories with many upgrades, hardwood floors, crown molding, plantation shutters and 2 balconies to enjoy the outdoors. 2nd floor with kitchen, dining and living areas with an open floorplan. Kitchen features gas cooktop, granite counters, island and large pantry. 3rd floor with master bedroom, dual large master closets, 2 full	read more baths and another living area. 1st floor has office and 2nd bedroom with full bath. Easy access to Dallas North Tollway, shopping, restaurants, and entertainment.
This listing is courtesy of the listing agent Cindy Schmidt (#0524885), with the office RE/MAX Associates of Mansfield.
All data for this listing was last updated on April 23, 2019 at 08:08PM.


On Monday of this week, we were hired to perform DIT and editing duties on a very special recording session at Abbey Road Studios, marking the 50th anniversary of the famous 12-hour session that resulted in The Beatles' debut album Please Please Me. That's right – a 12-hour session in 1963, produced by George Martin, during which the band recorded 11 songs that featured on the finished album. The fact that most bands struggle to record an album in a year these days is a testament to what was achieved that day in Studio 2 at Abbey Road. That it also launched the band that changed the history of music is even more remarkable. All in 12 hours.
To mark this special day, BBC Radio 2 were attempting to re-enact that famous session, with a house band and 11 special guests, all in the same timescale, with a subsequent documentary about the day due to air on Friday 15th February on BBC4. I was hired to edit the music performances for that show, with my assistant Darren Martin performing on-set DIT duties. My challenge was to edit rough cuts of as many tracks as possible on the day, and finish all 11 edits by the end of the following day, so that the programme would be ready to assemble and grade for broadcast on the Friday. We've worked to some pretty gruelling schedules in the past, most notably on the Paul Weller show from Abbey Road, but cutting 11 songs in two days was a new challenge.
The first technical decision we had to make was what tools we would use to complete the job. I was informed by Producer Phil Critchlow of TBI Media that the show was to be compiled on FCP 7 in a leading post house in Soho. Ideally we would be expected to work using the same system. This was the first hurdle. To edit Canon C300 rushes on FCP 7 would involve transcoding to Pro Res. With 11 tracks to cut in such a short space of time, this wasn't an option. The only way we could work to this timeframe was to use Adobe Premiere CS6, which allows editors to work with camera native files immediately. These edits, once approved, would then be exported to Pro Res to drop in to the main edit on FCP 7, meaning that I could begin editing straight away on set. Instead of waiting around for rushes to transcode, with Premiere I was up and running, cutting 5-stream multicamera performances in the corner of Studio 2, as the bands were performing.
With me working away on the HP Z820 workstation, Darren was beside me on the HP Z1, feeding me rushes as they came off the cameras' CF cards via Shot Put Pro. With 5 cameras recording 11 songs, that was a considerable amount of media to deal with – a major task in itself to get backed up 3 times on set in such a short space of time. The role of a DIT is really a thankless task, left behind transferring rushes at the end of the day, whilst everyone else is having a pint. But a good DIT is worth their weight in gold, and Darren's attention to detail paid off on this shoot – none of my time was wasted looking for rushes, meaning I was able to focus on the job at hand. Darren was rewarded for all his hard work when his Mum texted him to let him know she spotted him on a report featured on the One Show that night!
Darren, to the left of Gyles Brandreth, on The One Show. He doesn't always walk with his eyes shut.
With the first performance in the can, it was a half hour wait while the 5 cards were transferred and backed-up 3 times. Within an hour the initial cut of the first track was complete, and had been viewed by the director and producer, with just a couple of changes to make once in the edit suite the following day. The rest of the day proceeded in a similar fashion and ended with me completing 8 of the 11 first cuts on set, with just another 3 to complete the following day.
After a night in one of the worst hotels in London, on Tuesday morning we transported our machines to the post house in Soho, and effectively built our own edit suite on the premises, as they were not running Premiere in any of their 14 suites. Hopefully with the growing demise of FCP 7 and with people realising the capabilities of CS6, more and more post houses will start adopting Premiere as the natural successor to their out of date FCP 7 suites. As stated above, for me it was the only possible tool to use for this job, and I would have preferred a complete Premiere workflow from start to finish, including the documentary edit. With the suite built, I spent the morning cutting the final 3 tracks, and the remainder of the day fine tuning all 11 edits with director Matthew Amos, before calling it a day at 10pm.
The brilliant Beverley Knight performing Twist & Shout.
At the time of writing this blog, I haven't seen the finished show, so have no idea how it has all come together as a documentary. Of the music performances, the highlights for me were Gabrielle Aplin, Stereophonics, I Am Kloot, Graham Coxon and Joss Stone. But the absolute standout was Beverley Knight performing Twist & Shout with a gospel choir, who almost raised the roof off that old famous studio with the energy of their performance. A fitting way to end that 12-hour session and bring to a close an amazing day.


Bottoms up! We had a most excellent time and we all look forward to the next meet, see you there!
nah thats the tia maria and baileys :shudder:. that was one of the nicer ones.
The warm one was the tequilla and sambuca!
I gave mine to Andy then all the others that everyone else had put down when they realised it was a bad idea to him and Pip aswell! My bad.
Frohanlon wrote: nah thats the tia maria and baileys :shudder:. that was one of the nicer ones.


4 story brownstone needing some love. 20x45 on 100 foot lot with wonderful original detail including wedding cake molding, etched glass and hardwood floors. Unique kitchen built into glass atrium extension off of the formal dining room. Currently used as an owners triplex over rental with excellent month to month tenant in place. Full bath on 1st, 3rd and 4th floors with half bath on parlor level. 4th floor will need a complete redo.


text:
Q: Angular 2 Doing an else with ngClass I have the following template :
<p [ngClass]="{checked: condition, unchecked: !condition}">

While this is working, I find it a bit ugly as I have to repeat twice the condition. Is there a way to something like : [ngClass]={condition ? checked : unchecked} (which is not working)
Thanks

A: Indeed
<p class="{{condition ? 'checked' : 'unchecked'}}">

or
<p [ngClass]="condition ? 'checked' : 'unchecked'">

or
<p [ngClass]="[condition ? 'checked' : 'unchecked']">

Angular 9 Update
But you should know that there's a difference in how different types of class bindings behave, especially when there are multiple types of class bindings on the same element.
And the new compiler, Ivy, brings more clarity and predictability to it. Read More about it here

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The genes for lumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) are tandemly arranged on chromosome 17 of the mouse
S. A. Nedospasov, B. Hirt, A. N. Shakhov, V. N. Dobrynin, E. Kawashima, R. S. Accolla, C. V. Jongeneel
National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA)
We have isolated clones containing the gene for tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) from a mouse genomic library. Four out of five clones containing the TNF-alpha gene also hybridized to a human lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) probe. We constructed a restriction enzyme cleavage map of a 6.4 kb region from one of the genomic clones. From partial sequencing data and hybridizations with exon-specific oligonucleotide probes, we conclude that this region contains the mouse TNF-alpha and TNF-beta genes in a tandem arrangement, that they are separated by only about 1100 bases, and that their intron-exon structure is very similar to that seen in man. We probed genomic blots of DNA from human/mouse hybrids containing single mouse chromosomes for the presence of the mouse TNF genes. The results show that the genes are located on mouse chromosome 17, which also contains the major histocompatibi1ity complex. Therefore, both the mouse and the human TNF genes are tandemly arranged and located on the same chromosome as the MHC.
https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/14.19.7713
10.1093/nar/14.19.7713
Dive into the research topics of 'The genes for lumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) are tandemly arranged on chromosome 17 of the mouse'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Lymphotoxin-beta Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Lymphotoxin-alpha Medicine & Life Sciences 85%
Necrosis Medicine & Life Sciences 50%
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Medicine & Life Sciences 46%
Genes Medicine & Life Sciences 26%
human LTB protein Medicine & Life Sciences 20%
Exons Medicine & Life Sciences 15%
Chromosomes Medicine & Life Sciences 14%
Nedospasov, S. A., Hirt, B., Shakhov, A. N., Dobrynin, V. N., Kawashima, E., Accolla, R. S., & Jongeneel, C. V. (1986). The genes for lumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) are tandemly arranged on chromosome 17 of the mouse. Nucleic acids research, 14(19), 7713-7725. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/14.19.7713
The genes for lumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) are tandemly arranged on chromosome 17 of the mouse. / Nedospasov, S. A.; Hirt, B.; Shakhov, A. N.; Dobrynin, V. N.; Kawashima, E.; Accolla, R. S.; Jongeneel, C. V.
In: Nucleic acids research, Vol. 14, No. 19, 10.1986, p. 7713-7725.
Nedospasov, SA, Hirt, B, Shakhov, AN, Dobrynin, VN, Kawashima, E, Accolla, RS & Jongeneel, CV 1986, 'The genes for lumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) are tandemly arranged on chromosome 17 of the mouse', Nucleic acids research, vol. 14, no. 19, pp. 7713-7725. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/14.19.7713
Nedospasov SA, Hirt B, Shakhov AN, Dobrynin VN, Kawashima E, Accolla RS et al. The genes for lumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) are tandemly arranged on chromosome 17 of the mouse. Nucleic acids research. 1986 Oct;14(19):7713-7725. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/14.19.7713
Nedospasov, S. A. ; Hirt, B. ; Shakhov, A. N. ; Dobrynin, V. N. ; Kawashima, E. ; Accolla, R. S. ; Jongeneel, C. V. / The genes for lumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) are tandemly arranged on chromosome 17 of the mouse. In: Nucleic acids research. 1986 ; Vol. 14, No. 19. pp. 7713-7725.
@article{2889ad8ecf23452799e1b85fadc48a5c,
title = "The genes for lumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) are tandemly arranged on chromosome 17 of the mouse",
abstract = "We have isolated clones containing the gene for tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) from a mouse genomic library. Four out of five clones containing the TNF-alpha gene also hybridized to a human lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) probe. We constructed a restriction enzyme cleavage map of a 6.4 kb region from one of the genomic clones. From partial sequencing data and hybridizations with exon-specific oligonucleotide probes, we conclude that this region contains the mouse TNF-alpha and TNF-beta genes in a tandem arrangement, that they are separated by only about 1100 bases, and that their intron-exon structure is very similar to that seen in man. We probed genomic blots of DNA from human/mouse hybrids containing single mouse chromosomes for the presence of the mouse TNF genes. The results show that the genes are located on mouse chromosome 17, which also contains the major histocompatibi1ity complex. Therefore, both the mouse and the human TNF genes are tandemly arranged and located on the same chromosome as the MHC.",
author = "Nedospasov, {S. A.} and B. Hirt and Shakhov, {A. N.} and Dobrynin, {V. N.} and E. Kawashima and Accolla, {R. S.} and Jongeneel, {C. V.}",
note = "Funding Information: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank L. Mori and M. Steinmetz (Basel Institute for Immunology) for the mouse genomic library. S.A.N. was partially supported by a fellowship from the Swiss Cancer League during the course of this work. The work was funded in part by grants from the Swiss National Science Fund.",
doi = "10.1093/nar/14.19.7713",
journal = "Nucleic Acids Research",
T1 - The genes for lumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) are tandemly arranged on chromosome 17 of the mouse
AU - Nedospasov, S. A.
AU - Hirt, B.
AU - Shakhov, A. N.
AU - Dobrynin, V. N.
AU - Kawashima, E.
AU - Accolla, R. S.
AU - Jongeneel, C. V.
N1 - Funding Information: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank L. Mori and M. Steinmetz (Basel Institute for Immunology) for the mouse genomic library. S.A.N. was partially supported by a fellowship from the Swiss Cancer League during the course of this work. The work was funded in part by grants from the Swiss National Science Fund.
N2 - We have isolated clones containing the gene for tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) from a mouse genomic library. Four out of five clones containing the TNF-alpha gene also hybridized to a human lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) probe. We constructed a restriction enzyme cleavage map of a 6.4 kb region from one of the genomic clones. From partial sequencing data and hybridizations with exon-specific oligonucleotide probes, we conclude that this region contains the mouse TNF-alpha and TNF-beta genes in a tandem arrangement, that they are separated by only about 1100 bases, and that their intron-exon structure is very similar to that seen in man. We probed genomic blots of DNA from human/mouse hybrids containing single mouse chromosomes for the presence of the mouse TNF genes. The results show that the genes are located on mouse chromosome 17, which also contains the major histocompatibi1ity complex. Therefore, both the mouse and the human TNF genes are tandemly arranged and located on the same chromosome as the MHC.
AB - We have isolated clones containing the gene for tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) from a mouse genomic library. Four out of five clones containing the TNF-alpha gene also hybridized to a human lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) probe. We constructed a restriction enzyme cleavage map of a 6.4 kb region from one of the genomic clones. From partial sequencing data and hybridizations with exon-specific oligonucleotide probes, we conclude that this region contains the mouse TNF-alpha and TNF-beta genes in a tandem arrangement, that they are separated by only about 1100 bases, and that their intron-exon structure is very similar to that seen in man. We probed genomic blots of DNA from human/mouse hybrids containing single mouse chromosomes for the presence of the mouse TNF genes. The results show that the genes are located on mouse chromosome 17, which also contains the major histocompatibi1ity complex. Therefore, both the mouse and the human TNF genes are tandemly arranged and located on the same chromosome as the MHC.
U2 - 10.1093/nar/14.19.7713
DO - 10.1093/nar/14.19.7713
JO - Nucleic Acids Research
JF - Nucleic Acids Research


text:
Osoby:
 August Kammer – amerykański hokeista
 Bernd Kammer – niemiecki piłkarz
 Heinz Kammer – niemiecki aktor
 Salome Kammer – niemiecka aktorka

Zobacz też:
 Kamer
 Kammern

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
November 13th, 2009 / 8:41 pm nicolle elizabeth —
i love neuromancer so much and burning chrome.
and i wonder sometimes if sasha gray's vagina will someday look like a rotting kiwi is in her underpants.
November 13th, 2009 / 8:50 pm Nick —
Is this really six hours long?
"BRODY CONDON: CASE
Sunday, November 22, 2009, 12:00 – 6:00PM
Please Note: There will be no late seating for these events. "
November 13th, 2009 / 8:55 pm Rebekah —
Sasha Gray will make an OK Molly I guess.
November 14th, 2009 / 2:37 am Ben White —
Haha they called Sasha Gray an 'actress'
November 13th, 2009 / 10:37 pm Ben White —
November 15th, 2009 / 4:07 pm Merzmensch aka kosmopol —
Oh, Molly…
November 15th, 2009 / 12:07 pm Merzmensch aka kosmopol —
November 16th, 2009 / 6:30 pm Tadd Adcox —
I am so excited about this. Like, that it exists.
and also sad that it's so far away.


As paradoxical as it may sound, deep in the heartland of the Bikaner desert, in secret enclaves between rocky escarpments are found acres of soft green pastures and lush oases, mystifying the eye and delighting the spirit. It is here that we find ourselves far away from the bustle of people in pristine settings that are almost biblical, celebrating our legendary Narendra Bhawan sundowners.
It is in this hope that we re-render the Kings table with recipes culled from the annals in history. The Maharaja's interest in food and love of cuisine is on offer.


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text:
I'm Going to Need Rep. Nancy Mace to Keep Auntie Maxine's Good Name Out of Her Mouth
Stephen A. Crockett Jr.
Photo: Chip Somodevilla (Getty Images)
There are certain things Black people don't play with:
And Auntie Maxine.
For some reason, Rep. Nancy Mace (R-S.C.) thought it was a good idea to mention Auntie Maxine Waters' name in vain. Yes, on this day of our lord Bridgerton, Mace found it to be the day that she wanted to blow it all up and mention the holy name of Auntie Maxine alongside "QAren" Marjorie Taylor Greene as if they are somehow related.
"There are crazies on both sides of the aisle," Mace, who left Bad Boy to pursue a career as a pastor, said. "We've seen that. It's not just Republicans that have our own issues. Democrats have them, too. We've seen Maxine Waters tell folks to go and threaten and harm members of the Trump administration," Mace, who may or may not still be friends with Puffy, said during an appearance on Fox News.
Managing Editor G. Adams: Stephen, Nancy Mace is not a rapper. She is a stupid woman who spouts dumb things and I believe she's from one of those shithole countries like South Carolina.
Me: Well, why doesn't she ever do any shows about missing Black girls?
G. Adams: That's Nancy Grace!
Me: Fine.
For some reason, white Republican women have gotten a little too comfortable attacking competent Democratic Black women. We've seen this before and we know this dance. So let's examine where all of this comes from. What Mace, who was much better as Murda Mace, is referring to is a statement made by Waters while America was reeling from the antichrist draconian border policy that was separating children from their parents and throwing them in cages.
Because context matters, Waters was encouraging her crowd to harass state officials so that they would change the policy.
"Let's make sure we show up wherever we have to show up. And if you see anybody from that Cabinet in a restaurant, in a department store, at a gasoline station, you get out and you create a crowd. And you push back on them. And you tell them they're not welcome anymore, anywhere," Waters said in June 2018.
"We've got to get the children connected to their parents. We don't know what damage has been done to these children. All that we know is they're in cages. They're in prisons. They're in jails. I don't care what they call it, that's where they are and Mr. President, we will see you every day, every hour of the day, everywhere that we are to let you know you cannot get away with this," she added.
See, while some may argue that Waters' style is aggressive and confrontational, fuck those people. Waters was trying to get kids out of fucking cages and back with their families, and she did it all without mentioning Jewish lasers, which is the crazy shit that Greene's been rambling about. While Waters was tough on Trump and called it as she saw it (and she was right, by the way), she never once liked a post calling for someone to murder him. While Waters has the ability to put in a phone call to Rick Ross–the real Rick Ross, not the rapper who stole his name–(Waters and Ross are friends), she never has, but a maskless Greene harassed Missouri Rep. Cori Bush so badly that she had to move her office.
There are levels to this, and if you want to call Waters crazy then she's the kind of crazy you want on your side. She's just crazy enough to fly to Nicaragua at the height of the drug wars in the 1980s to try and find out where and why cocaine was flooding the inner cities she was elected to represent, and then there is Greene crazy, who believes that massacres at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High in Parkland, Fla. and Sandy Hook Elementary in Newtown, Conn. were staged events to keep guns away from white people.
The two are not the same. So I'm going to need Mace to stop rapping about Auntie Maxine and find religion, again.


text:
Q: Assignment in anonymous inner class Java Here I have a class that contains an anonymous inner class:
public class Example {
    int value;
    Example(int value) {
        this.value = value;
    }

    void bumpUp() {
        value++;
    }
    static Example makeExample(int startVal) {
        return new Counter(startVal) {

            int bumpValue = 2;
//          value = startVal;

            void bumpUp() {
                bumpValue = (bumpValue == 2) ? 1: 2;
                value+= bumpValue;
            }
        };
    }
}

If I uncomment the line that says value = startVal, Eclipse throws an error saying the above line is an error. Why can't I put value = startVal there?
Thanks!

A: First of all, putting that line there is a syntax error, because you cannot have instructions outside of a method. And you're attempting to put an instruction within the body of the anonymous inner class.
But above all, you don't need that line, neither in a constructor (which is impossible for an anonymous inner class), nor in an initializer block.
The constructor of the superclass is automatically invoked when constructing the anonymous inner class instance, and startVal is passed along to the constructor of Example, where it's finally assigned to the attribute value.
Finally, new Counter(startVal) doesn't make any sense (where's the Counter class)? I believe it's either a copy-paste error, or that you have the Counter class declared somewhere else. In this latter case, Counter should extend Example, or you'd get a compilation error.
Here's the code with all the fixes:
public class Example {

    int value;

    Example(int value) {
        this.value = value;
    }

    void bumpUp() {
        this.value++;
    }

    static Example makeExample(int startVal) {
        return new Example(startVal) {

            int bumpValue = 2;

            @Override
            void bumpUp() {
                this.bumpValue = (this.bumpValue == 2) ? 1 : 2;
                this.value += this.bumpValue;
            }
        };
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Example a = Example.makeExample(7);
        System.out.println(a.value);
        a.bumpUp();
        System.out.println(a.value);
        a.bumpUp();
        System.out.println(a.value);
        a.bumpUp();
        System.out.println(a.value);
        a.bumpUp();
        System.out.println(a.value);
        a.bumpUp();
        System.out.println(a.value);
    }
}

This prints:
7
8
10
11
13
14

A: Two problems here:
you are using a statement in your class body
value = startVal;

even if it's fixed you will still refer to a non-static field from a static method
static Example makeExample(int startVal)


text:
File #: Int 1192-2016 Version: * A Name: Foster care task force.
Type: Introduction Status: Enacted
Committee: Committee on General Welfare
Enactment date: 11/16/2016 Law number: 2016/144
Title: A Local Law in relation to a foster care task force
Sponsors: Stephen T. Levin, Donovan J. Richards, Inez E. Dickens, Daniel Dromm , Rafael Salamanca, Jr., Mathieu Eugene, Margaret S. Chin, Barry S. Grodenchik, I. Daneek Miller, Corey D. Johnson, Andrew Cohen, Carlos Menchaca, Brad S. Lander, James G. Van Bramer, Helen K. Rosenthal, Ben Kallos
Council Member Sponsors: 16
Summary: This bill would require an interagency task force to develop and submit to the Mayor and the Speaker recommendations for improving services for youth in foster care and outcomes for youth aging out of foster care. The task force would include representatives of ACS, DSS, DOE, DYCD, DOMHM, NYCHA, the City Council, the Public Advocate, foster care providers, advocacy organizations, and youth who are in foster care and youth who have recently aged out of foster care, and a parent with child welfare experience. The task force would submit recommendations regarding education, housing, financial literacy, health and mental health services, parenting, decreasing the number of youth who age out of foster care, and prioritizing permanent placements of youth with families before they age out. The task force would submit follow-up reports regarding implementation of the recommendations one and two years after the submissions of the initial report, and would then cease to exist.
Indexes: Council Appointment Required, Other Appointment Required, Report Required, Sunset Date Applies
Attachments: 1. Legislative History Report, 2. Summary of Int. No. 1192-A, 3. Summary of Int. No. 1192, 4. Int. No. 1192 - 5/25/16, 5. May 25, 2016 - Stated Meeting Agenda with Links to Files, 6. Committee Report 6/16/16, 7. Hearing Testimony 6/16/16, 8. Hearing Transcript 6/16/16, 9. Committee Report 10/26/16, 10. Hearing Transcript 10/26/16, 11. Fiscal Impact Statement, 12. Committee Report - Stated Meeting, 13. Int. No. 1192-A (FINAL), 14. Mayor's Letter, 15. Hearing Transcript - Stated Meeting 10-27-16, 16. Local Law 144, 17. Minutes of the Stated Meeting - October 27, 2016
11/17/2016 A Stephen T. Levin City Council Recved from Mayor by Council Action details Meeting details Not available
11/16/2016 A Stephen T. Levin Mayor Signed Into Law by Mayor Action details Meeting details Not available
11/16/2016 A Stephen T. Levin Mayor Hearing Held by Mayor Action details Meeting details Not available
10/27/2016 A Stephen T. Levin City Council Sent to Mayor by Council Action details Meeting details Not available
10/27/2016 A Stephen T. Levin City Council Approved by Council Pass Action details Meeting details Not available
10/26/2016 * Stephen T. Levin Committee on General Welfare Hearing Held by Committee Action details Meeting details Not available
10/26/2016 * Stephen T. Levin Committee on General Welfare Amendment Proposed by Comm Action details Meeting details Not available
10/26/2016 * Stephen T. Levin Committee on General Welfare Amended by Committee Action details Meeting details Not available
10/26/2016 A Stephen T. Levin Committee on General Welfare Approved by Committee Pass Action details Meeting details Not available
6/16/2016 * Stephen T. Levin Committee on General Welfare Hearing Held by Committee Action details Meeting details Not available
6/16/2016 * Stephen T. Levin Committee on General Welfare Laid Over by Committee Action details Meeting details Not available
5/25/2016 * Stephen T. Levin City Council Referred to Comm by Council Action details Meeting details Not available
5/25/2016 * Stephen T. Levin City Council Introduced by Council Action details Meeting details Not available
Int. No. 1192-A
By Council Members Levin, Richards, Dickens, Dromm, Salamanca, Eugene, Chin, Grodenchik, Miller, Johnson, Cohen, Menchaca, Lander, Van Bramer, Rosenthal and Kallos
A Local Law in relation to a foster care task force
Be it enacted by the Council as follows:
Section 1. a. There shall be an interagency task force to issue recommendations for improving services for youth in foster care and outcomes for youth aging out of foster care.
b. The task force shall consist of 21 members which shall be:
1. the commissioner of children's services, or their designee, who shall serve as chair;
2. the commissioner of the department of social services, or their designee;
3. the chancellor of the city school district, or their designee;
4. the commissioner of youth and community development, or their designee;
5. the commissioner of health and mental hygiene, or their designee;
6. the chairperson of the New York city housing authority, or their designee;
7. six members appointed by the mayor, including one member who shall represent foster care service providers, one member who shall represent advocacy organizations with relevant expertise, one youth currently in foster care and two youth who have aged out of the system in the previous 48 months, and one member who shall be a birth parent of a child who has spent a period of time in the child welfare system;
8. six members appointed by the speaker of the city council, including one member who shall represent foster care service providers, one member who shall represent advocacy organizations with relevant expertise, one youth currently in foster care and two youth who have aged out of the system in the previous 48 months, and one member who shall be a birth parent of a child who has spent a period of time in the child welfare system;
9. the speaker of the city council, or their designee, and the chairperson of the council committee on general welfare, or their designee; and
10. the public advocate, or their designee.
c. All members shall be appointed within 60 days of the enactment of this local law. All members of such task force shall serve without additional compensation. No member of the task force shall be removed except for cause and upon notice and hearing by the appropriate appointing official. Any vacancies in the membership of the task force shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment.
d. Such task force shall submit a report of its findings and recommendations to the mayor and the council no later than 14 months after the effective date of the local law that added this section. Such recommendations shall address areas including, but not limited to education, housing, financial literacy, health and mental health services, parenting, decreasing the number of youth who age out of foster care, post-permanency services, and prioritizing permanent placements of youth with families before they age out. Annual reports on the implementation of such recommendations shall be submitted to the mayor and the council no later than 12 and 24 months following the submission of the initial report, after which the task force will cease to exist. Each report required pursuant to this section shall be posted on the administration for children's services' website.
§ 2. This local law takes effect immediately and is expired and deemed repealed three years after the date of the local law that added this section.
LS #6167/6757
10/19/16, 7:48pm


text:
Synagoga w Husiatynie () – bóżnica w byłem mieście Husiatynie (obecnie osiedle typu miejskiego, siedziba rejonu husiatyńskiego w obwodzie tarnopolskim na Ukrainie) przypuszczalnie pochodząca z okresu renesansu, obecnie ulega stopniowej dewastacji (po zlikwidowaniu Husiatyńskiego Rejonowego Muzeum Krajoznawczego).

Została zbudowana na przełomie XVI wieku i XVII wieku jako obiekt obronny na planie kwadratu, później wielokrotnie przebudowywana – .

Istniejąca do dzisiaj obronna synagoga powstała w Husiatynie po 1683 roku, w okresie gdy miasto było własnością Potockich, być może po przebudowie starej renesansowej synagogi. Budowie sprzeciwiał się biskup kamieniecki Wacław Hieronim Sierakowski, jednak ówczesny właściciel Husiatyna Antoni Michał Potocki nie uznał jego prawa do ingerowania w sprawy prywatnego miasta.

W czasie I wojny światowej synagoga uległa uszkodzeniu, jednak po wojnie ją odnowiono. W latach 70. XX wieku przeszła renowację, przez co straciła nieco zabytkowych elementów. Do połowy lat 90. działało w niej muzeum, zamknięte z braku funduszy; obecnie budynek jest opuszczony.

Linki zewnętrzne
 Spacer po Husiatynie, m.in. zdjęcie bóżnicy.

Przypisy

Husiatyn
Husiatyn
Synagogi w obwodzie tarnopolskim


text:
Acquisition to propel Symrise's US growth
By Chris Jones
06-Mar-2008 - Last updated on 19-Jul-2008 at 21:58 GMT
Related tags: North america, Flavor
German flavors and fragrances group Symrise has said it will use
the acquisition of Chr. Hansen's North American flavors unit as a
springboard for greater US growth.
The company, which yesterday announced an agreement to buy the Danish company's flavors business for an undisclosed sum, said that the deal would finally give it the critical mass it had lacked in the US market, adding "significant production capacity in North America". "The purchase of Chr. Hansen's flavor business is in line with Symrise's long-term strategy for selecting intelligent acquisitions that complement our product portfolio," said CEO Dr. Gerold Linzbach. "This is our biggest acquisition to date. It will strengthen Symrise's current industry position and accelerate our growth opportunities."  Although it is headquartered Germany, Symrise operates across the globe, with 31 sites in Europe, Asia, the United States and South America. It has seen strong performance from emerging markets in recent times, but today's message that North America is a strategic priority is the second it has issued this year so far. In January the company signed an agreement with the The Ingredient Company to build its distrubution of ingredients to the Canadian market. Chr Hansen's flavors division saw sales of around US$70m (€50m) in 2007, the majority of which were in the US market. Dr. Heinz-Juergen Bertram, global president of Symrise's flavor and nutrition division, added that the "client structure and core competences of both companies are a perfect match." "Chr. Hansen offers us excellent research and application expertise and has technologies which complement our equipment. Combining our strengths will create new market possibilities and business models for us."  The businesses bought by Symrise are based in Mahwah, NJ, Elyria, OH and Milwaukee, WI, and sell flavors to a wide range of US customers, including both packaged food producers and food service groups. The companies expect the sale to be completed by April 2008, following approval from the US regulators. Symrise is one of the world's top four flavors and fragrances groups, with global sales in 2007 - published just yesterday - in excess of €1.2m in 2007. Symrise's Flavor & Nutrition division posted a sales increase in local currencies of 5.8 per cent to €603.2m, and a 21.6 per cent rise in EBITDA to €137.4m. The company has attributed the strong result for flavours in 2007 to an increase in sales, with its Taste-for-Life range, intended to allow for less sugar, salt and fat without impairing taste, aiding the performance of both sweet and savoury divisions. According to Leffingwell and Associates, the global flavours and fragrance market it worth an estimated US.$19.9 bn. Flavours are thought to make up just under half of this, and North America alone to account for just over a third.
Related topics: Flavours and colours
Consolidation to continue for $18bn flavor market
Symrise completes its drive into US flavors with Chr Hansen purchase
Chr Hansen divests flavor activities
Symrise steps up distribution in Canada
New EXBERRY® Colors give the possibilities for clean greens
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text:
Q: Dictation just stopped working I've been using Dictation in TextEdit for several months now. Yesterday, out of the blue, it stopped working. The microphone icon appears and it responds to my voice, but no text appears. I've been using it with "Use Enhanced Dictation". I tried unchecking and checking again,turning Dictation On/Off, and switching languages (English (United States) and English (United Kingdom)) but this did not help. What is wrong?

A: I know you said you already tried restarting, but here are some specific steps, in a specific order, for you to try.

*

*Try turning off dictation.

*Quit TextEdit.

*Restart your computer.

*Then turning dictation back on.
Let us know if that helped.


text:
Appendix A. Useful Philosophy Research Links
View of North America from Apollo 16, NASA
Dictionary of the History of Ideas. Dictionary searchable by a variety of methods; edited by Philip P. Wiener.
Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology, ed. James Mark Baldwin. Reprint being developed by Christopher D. Green for Classics in the History of Psychology. Entries A—O complete as of 08.15.03.
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edited by James Fieser, general editor, and Bradley Dowden, assistant general editor.
Meta-Encyclopedia of Philosophy. A resource omparing entries from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Dictionary of the Philosophy of Mind, The Ism Book, The Catholic Encyclopedia (1913), A Dictionary of Philosophical Terms and Names, and the Encyclopedia of Philosophy of Education, maintained by Andrew Chrucky.
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. A Publication of: the Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information Stanford University, edited by Edward N. Zalta.
Related Ideas Philosophy Gateways


immediately after the storm, and different types of roofing materials will experience different kinds of damage.
Though 'hail-proof' roof materials are not available, 'hail-resistant' materials are available. The official standard in hail-resistance is given by the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) and is rated class 1 through class 4 (the best). In general, clay tile and wood roofs are not likely to survive many hailstorms unscathed. Concrete tile, composite shingles and metal roofs are more likely to endure hail with minimal or no damage.
If you are interested in an impact resistant roofing system an BZ Roof'N consultant can advise you on what is available for your home.
Insurance companies may question a damage claim after a hailstorm for at least two reasons. First, the damage may not be apparent immediately. And second, damage from hailstorms may simply be cosmetic—and the life and effectiveness of the roof will not be impacted.
To determine if you really have damage that warrants repairs talk with your insurance company about how they determine damage under their policy. If a company requires a certain number of damaged-spots (impacts) per roof square, then you will need to document that you do, in fact, have the required damaged areas to have a claim covered. One way to document hail damage is to measure off one square of roof (100 square feet or a 10′ by 10′ area) and count the number of hail impacts (dents, cracks, bare asphalt, etc.) in that area. Do this in three or four locations on your roof, and take the average number of 'hits' in each area. The resulting number will be how many 'impacts/square', and will help the insurance company determine whether or not your roof damage qualifies for coverage.
Composite shingles are designed to protect your roof from water by using a tar/asphalt layer covered by gravel and granules that protect the tar from the UV rays of the sun. This means that hail can cause future damage to a roof by dislodging the granules on the surface of shingles. To document damage from hailstorms that may not be immediately visible, track changes in shingle appearance and excess granules in gutters or under eaves for weeks and months after a hailstorm. We recommend calling your insurance company immediately after the storm, and note that there is no apparent damage after the storm, but that you will document any future loss of granules or appearance of bare shingles in the next few months. Make notes on any changes in your roof after each rainstorm, with the date and observed change (e.g. rain on May 12, 2 weeks after hail storm, significant granules found in gutters). Photographs can also help support your case, as long as the date is included on the picture.
The good news is that most damage from hailstorms is cosmetic and won't adversely affect the life of the roof. Moderately severe hail damage that strips shingles of their mineral coatings may shorten the life of the roof (and may qualify for repairs covered by your insurance). If the damage is more than surface and causing leaks, address the issues (holes, cracked shingles, etc.) as necessary by covering exposed areas with tarps held in place with wood strips and nails. When you are able to access the roof, permanently repair the sheathing and replace the missing and damaged shingles, tiles or shakes.


The Nilson Report, has recently introduced the world's top 150 Acquirers in 2014. Saman Electronic Payment (SEP) is ranked 35 in the world and second in iran.
According to this ranking, 6 payment service provider in iran, were recorded totaly 4.7 billion transactions in 2014.
Saman electronic Payment (SEP), providing payment services over 14 banks in iran, ranked 35 in the world rankings and won the second in the country.


Damarques What about Lester and the UFC?
I do not see the fight card at the end of The Ultimate Fighter? guida vs. Sanchez fight? I see the 2 guys English is the spectacle of ultimate fighting, and what he thinks Kimbo Slice on the next season of The Ultimate Fighter?
Having done business cards can be a costly task, especially when they outsource the work to a printer. But did you know that you can create Your Own cards at home? With the increase of software desktop publishing and laser printers, has Never Been easier Create Your own card. Special machines can help produce a professional research, maps of High Quality. A machine that is instant card Tamerici cutter. This test report on how the team can help you with your business card needs.
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