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Q: Vulkan API calls to GPU drivers Background:
I have been eyeing writing an application which needs very basic but fast graphics (just drawing lines and squares), and I'm probably going to use a library such as GLFW, or Vulkano if i'm going with Rust.
I want to understand a specific, and I guess quite practical, detail of the Vulkan API. I understand that GPUs can be quite a complicated topic, but I want to emphasize that I don't have any background in low-level graphics or Vulkan, so I understand if my question cannot be answered, or if my question does not even make sense. I'll try my best to use the correct terminology. I have to admit, I'm not the best at skimming through and looking at large amounts of source code I don't quite understand and still grasp the overall concept, which is why I hope I can find my answer here. I've tried looking at the source code for Vulkan and Mesa drivers, but it bore no fruit.
ORIGINAL Question:
I want to understand how an API call is propagated to the GPU driver.
I have searched around, but couldn't find the specifics I am searching for. The closest posts I've found are these two:
https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/279069/how-does-a-program-talk-to-a-graphics-card
https://superuser.com/questions/461022/how-does-the-cpu-and-gpu-interact-in-displaying-computer-graphics
They both mention something similar to "In order to make the GPU do something, you have to make a call via a supported API". I know that, but neither of the two dig into the specifics of how that API call is made. Hopefully, the diagram below illustrates my question.
MyVulkanProgram.c with "#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>"
|
| (Makes call via Vulkan API)
v
This is the part I don't understand!
|
v
Driver (Mesa, for example) takes the request sent via the Vulkan API.
|
| (Driver asks GPU to perform task)
v
GPU does task

I don't care what or how the GPU does something. Just how it is invoked through the API call via Vulkan and how it propagates through the system. Ideally what I'm looking for is a code-snippet or link to where in the Vulkan source code the actual request is sent to the driver.
Or have I gotten it all wrong? Is Vulkan more part of the driver than I realize? Is it maybe the case that the driver includes the same Vulkan header as my "MyVulkanProgram.c" and the driver is linked together with library files such as libvulkan.so et al? Is it more like the diagram below?
MyVulkanProgram.c with "#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>"
|
| (Makes call via Vulkan API)
v
Driver (Mesa, for example, which includes the vulkan headers and is linked with the Vulkan shared object-files) takes the request sent via the Vulkan API.
|
| (Driver asks GPU to perform task)
v
GPU does task

Might be a basic question, might not be, but I'm confused nonetheless. Very thankful for any answers!
UPDATED Question:
After having read the answer from @krOoze (answer from krOoze), and given the "Vulkan loader" overview figure in the mentioned document, I can more precisely express my question.
How does an application, making a call via the Vulkan API, reach the ICD via the Vulkan loader?

A: You are looking for the Vulkan-Loader/LoaderAndLayerInterface.md documentation.
The app interfaces with The Loader (sometimes called Vulkan RT, or Vulkan Runtime). That is the vulkan-1.dll (or so).
The Loader also has vulkan-1.lib, which is classic dll shim. It is where the loading of core version and WSI commands happens, but you can skip the lib and do it all manually directly from the dll using vkGetInstanceProcAddr.
Then you have ICDs (Installable Client Drivers). Those are something like nvoglv64.dll, and you can have more of them on your PC (e.g. Intel iGPU + NV). The name is arbitrary and vendor specific. The Loader finds them via config files.
Now when you call something to a command obtained with vkGetInstanceProcAddress (which is everything if you use the *.lib only), you get onto a loader trampoline, which calls a chain of layers, after which the relevant ICD (or all of them) are called. Then the callstack is unwound, so it goes the other direction until the returned to the app. The loader mutexes and merges the the input and output to the ICD.
Commands obtained with vkGetDeviceProcAddress are little bit more streamlined, as they do not require to be mutexed or merged and are meant to be passed to the ICD without much intervention from the Loader.
The code is also at the same repo: trampoline.c, and loader.c. It's pretty straightforward; every layer just calls the layer below it. Starts at the trampoline, and ends with the terminator layer which in turn will call the ICD layer.


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Office of Education, Evangelization and Catechesis
After ten years with its current branding, the Office of Education, Evangelization and Catechesis (OEEC) in the Archdiocese of Hartford was ready to change its current tagline, "Education for a lifetime."
GEM's mission was to develop a new tagline and brand positioning statement that would serve OEEC for the next ten years, and accompany that tagline with a new website, social media marketing, content marketing, public relations plans and more, to help promote awareness for Catholic Schools.
Logo & Tagline
Browse GEM's logo design work for OEEC:
GEM went to work dissecting the unique value proposition of Catholic Schools versus other scholastic options in the State of Connecticut. Through many rounds of external focus group testing and internal feedback, we developed a tagline that could satisfy all constituents:
"Inspiring Faith, Knowledge and Community"
The idea of inspiration is the cornerstone of the tagline, as Catholic Schools fulfill their mission to inspire students every day. The three pillars of inspiration — faith, knowledge and community — helped create a brand promise to parents: that their children would not only learn academically, but also that they would be part of an integrated community that would support and nurture them in their most formative years.
Browse GEM's branding design work for OEEC:
GEM completely redesigned the OEEC website to modern, responsive standards using vivid images and strong copy based on OEEC's unique value proposition. Given the high amount of tablet and mobile usage among the target market, GEM developed a fully-responsive website that serves all screen sizes with one web interface.
With the customer-facing part of the website complete, GEM went to work designing a back-end content management system (CMS) so that the OEEC staff could log in and securely change content as they needed. This unique system also allowed schools to log in and upload important census data, and the CMS was designed to generate helpful reports to help the OEEC get the data they needed to manage their schools.
Social Media and Content Marketing
With this new website hub, GEM's copy and design departments began producing blog content to serve the website and social media marketing. The blogs included helpful information like homework tips, holiday explanations, Catholic tenets, nutrition guidelines for lunches, and a wide variety of other instructional content to be used by teachers, parents, administrators and the community at large.
Over time, these blogs have generated massive traffic to the website and have helped the community share information in an unprecedented way, both online and offline.
GEM developed a modern, responsive website for use by families and schools within the Archdiocese of Hartford. Visit the Site
OEEC's promoted blog posts on Facebook are consistently popular and reach an audience of thousands. Visit OEEC's Facebook
GEM also developed a basic, appealing website template for individual schools within the OEEC.
Public Relations and Crisis Communications
GEM's communications expertise includes:
Letters to Faculty
For almost half a decade, GEM has provided ongoing social media management, new school branding and collateral, content marketing and more for the OEEC.
In recent years, GEM has been proud to help the OEEC team communicate with their constituents during difficult school mergers and closings. The key to our work is that we honestly, clearly and consistently inspire a sense of community among the parents, teachers, clergy, administrators and students — so that together, your community can pull together for the greater good.
Part of what makes for an effective communications strategy overall is to have a communications system, including a consistent email and social media marketing schedule that helps you consistently communicate with your community. Designing and implementing this kind of system is what GEM excels at for its Catholic education and Archdiocesan clients.
Take a virtual tour of GEM's redesign of the East Shoreline Catholic Academy:
GEM can help you grow your community by sharing your story.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


It's like the 2000s in North America all over again.
With Latin America's biggest airlines in the process of reporting another lackluster quarter, the case for further consolidation may get a nudge.
Copa Holdings SA of Panama City said Wednesday that second- quarter revenue fell 20 percent, its fourth consecutive decline. On Thursday, Latam Airlines Group SA, the region's biggest carrier by market value, is projected to post a seventh straight sales drop. Brazil's Gol Linhas Aereas Inteligentes SA is poised to report the latest in a string of quarterly losses.
"The longer the pressure, the more there is a willing seller," said Savanthi Syth, an analyst at Raymond James Financial Inc. in St. Petersburg, Florida.
The same forces that compelled the biggest U.S. airlines to consolidate in the past decade — including high costs and overcapacity — are bearing down on the industry in Latin America. There have already been two big deals since 2009, leaving four major regional airlines in addition to more than a dozen smaller entities. The industry may have further to shrink.
Eventually, "it's going to be half a dozen, five, six airlines flying in the region," said Jose Efromovich, chief executive officer of closely held Avianca Brasil, the fourth- largest airline in Brazil.
Efromovich and his brother also control publicly-traded Avianca Holdings, which competes with Santiago-based Latam and Copa. Latam itself is the product of the merger of Chile's Lan and Brazil's Tam airlines in 2012.
Despite cost-cutting efforts and passenger traffic that has been growing at one of the fastest rates in the world, Latin America's publicly-traded airlines collectively lost money in two of the past three years.
Latam, Gol and Avianca Holdings are trading near all-time lows, while Copa's U.S.-listed shares slumped 42 percent in the past year as demand for flights has slowed across the region. Meanwhile, the Bloomberg World Airlines Index and Bloomberg U.S. Airlines Index have both climbed more than 30 percent in the past 12 months.
Since 2010, Latam and Gol have lost a combined $2.5 billion. Consolidation may be the answer to improve returns, according to a team of Bradesco BBI SA analysts led by Victor Mizusaki. Either Latam or Gol could target a stock-for-stock merger with Copa, which has a market value of $3.2 billion.
A Copa combination would offer cost savings, while helping to mitigate foreign-exchange risks — especially for Gol, which has been buffeted by a faltering economy, weakened currency and political turmoil in Brazil.
About 69 percent of Sao Paulo-based Gol's debt and its fuel costs are priced in U.S. dollars, while about 89 percent of revenue is in Brazilian reais. A representative for Gol, which bought Brazilian carrier Webjet in 2011, declined to comment.
Gol, in which Delta Air Lines Inc. holds a 2.9 percent stake, is prepared to get around foreign-ownership limitations, which might invite a buyer. The airline altered its capital structure this year to create a "super" preferred share that may facilitate dealmaking.
Gol announced in July that Delta will raise its equity stake in the airline with a stock purchase of as much as $56 million, while shareholder Fundo de Investimento em Participacoes Volluto will invest as much as $90 million.
While Gol has been focused on foreign routes to increase U.S. dollar revenue, a combination with closely held Brazilian carriers Azul SA, created by JetBlue Airways founder David Neeleman, or Avianca Brasil could make sense, Syth said. Azul declined to comment by e-mail.
Another target for Gol could include Mexico's Grupo Aeromexico SAB, worth $1.2 billion, Bradesco said. Delta holds stakes in Aeromexico and Gol, and the latter two both fly Boeing Co. planes.
Copa Chief Executive Officer Pedro Heilbron said that Latin America has already seen a good amount of consolidation, and airlines need to focus on dealing with the reality of fewer passengers and shrinking yields.
Latam has lost money over the past two years, and it is the second-most indebted airline in the region after Avianca Holdings, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.
Even so, Latam is an advocate for consolidation, and the union of the two carriers in 2012 was fundamental, the company said in an e-mailed statement.
"Aviation is a capital-intensive industry and because of that, larger companies have the conditions to have more routes and hubs to offer better connectivity to passengers," the company said.
This article was written by Christiana Sciaudone and Jonathan Levin from Bloomberg and was legally licensed through the NewsCred publisher network.


Dogs only have a handful of activities, eating, sleeping and playing. All three are important to keep a dog happy and healthy in their lives and all three need to have attention given to them to make sure they're done right. We've covered getting the best wet dog and the best dry dog food in their diet and now we're going to cover the best high fibre dog foods available. You may be wondering why dogs would need high fibre in their diets in the first place and this page will help you get the information you need to see if it will help with your canine's health.
Why feed your dog fibre?
Fibre is an extremely important part of a healthy diet for practically any living organism, not just dogs. Many people associate fibre with the digestive system and 'moving things along'. Fibre is a complex carbohydrate that comes in two forms – soluble and insoluble.
Soluble fibre is fibre that is broken down in the body with water.
Fibre is sometimes called roughage, or bulk, and can only be found in plants. Now you can see why many people, not just dogs, struggle to get enough fibre. Fibre is not present in meat, fish and dairy. Fibre also contains no nutritional value so it is useless on its own. Despite this, Fibre has enormous value to offer.
The benefits of high fibre foods for your dog are numerous. Dogs can get the same health problems as humans do despite their superior immune system and overall cardiovascular system. A dog with a poor diet and no exercise will develop the same problems a human would – except they won't tell you their having issues leaving the responsibility with the owner. You!
Please note, we do not recommend feeding your pooch the following, it's just to highlight some natural foods which contain high fibre. Please research or speak to a vet before feeding your dog any of these.
Fibre response dry food comes from the Royal Canin brand who have a reputation for making excellent dog food that is great for their health. As most high fibre foods are dry (wet dog foods contain the meat, protein, but no fibre) usually the fibre needs to come from the kibble. This stuff has a host of health benefits not just fibre and should keep your pup or pooch very happy.
Feed with a high dietary fibre content.
Another dry food option is the Pooch & Mutt brand of (love the name) high fibre dry food. High in fibre and containing Probiotics and Prebiotics (to aid digestion), Charcoal and Psyllium (a fibre source that promotes firm stools) this option is a great choice to go along with some wet food.
A wet food option which contains a lot of fibre is the Purina brand's Pro Plan. You can get this stuff in a pack o f 12 and is ideal for dogs who don't like kibble or dogs who have trouble chewing such as an elderly dog. High protein, low calories and high fibre make this a great choice if your dog is struggling with obesity.
Low calorie: reduced levels of fat to help reduce the number of calories consumed.
Some senior dogs have special dietary requirements, if you have one of those then try the OSCAR brand of Adult Care High Fibre dog food which has all the nutrition and adult hound needs as well as that all important fibre.
This low fat, high fibre diet is ideal for senior dogs as well as adult dogs, dogs with pancreatitis and / or diabetes and to prepare them for older age. The high fibre content and added Lignocellulose helps your dog feel fuller for longer. Ideal if you want your dog to lose a little weight at only 329 Kcals ME/100g and only 8% fat. High Fibre Lite also contains three times our usual amount of L-Carnitine to help your dog metabolise body fat.
Glucosamine for joints. Fish oils to help brain development, helping to keep your dog alert and attentive.
Biotin for a shiny coat and healthy paw pads. Chelated Zinc and Manganese to help the body absorb these essential elements faster.
The Burns brand dog food, much like the Purina wet food, is designed to help with obesity if your dog has already reached a place where they having problems. Hypoallergenic and easily digestible not only will this stuff help make your dog healthier but they'll enjoy eating it too!
Want to add fibre to their diet but don't want to switch foods? Try out the fibre supplements by Protexin. Easy to swallow and reduces the hassle of switching foods if you have a fussy dog.
Want a fun way to add fibre to your dog's diet! Try these treats! Extremely tasty and can be used to reward your dog and almost trick them into becoming healthier!


As I mentioned on Facebook last week, I have something to share.
I am having a Beach Bag Giveaway in celebration of the summer and my newest soon to be released book – "Run … You Can't Hide." Book #4, in the Texas Sorority Sisters series, will be released on July 28, 2015.
Everyone who registers at www.JaniceOlson.com will have a chance to win but only one lucky person will receive the huge Beach Bag filled with goodies.
Next week, I'll give a sneak peek into the first chapter of "Run … You Can't Hide" ~ Available July 28, 2015. So don't miss it. Sign up today.
I know some of the books I suggest won't be your cup of tea. But who knows? If you give them a try, you just might find a new author to add to your favorites. So here a re five more recommended options for summer reading.
"Mama B" by Michelle Stimpson, Books 1-3, "A Time to Speak," "A Time Dance," and "A Time to Love" … they are light-hearted, humorous reads, full of fun, wit, and humor. Michelle is a gifted writer who deals with ordinary issues and turns them into humorous stories that'll keep you smiling.
"Every Bride Needs a Groom" Brides with Style by Janice Thompson. (A great first name. J) Janice, a 20-year veteran author, gives the age-old story of being jilted a new twist. What better way to while away a good afternoon than by reading a good humorous romance that surely has a happier ever after. Let me know what you think.
"Buried" Mountain Cove Book 1 by Elizabeth Goddard. This one should cool you off during the hot summer day. It's a romantic suspense that takes place in Alaska. Elizabeth weaves a tale of running to stay alive in impossible odds.
"No Safe Harbor" Edge of Freedom Book 1 by Elizabeth Ludwig. A romantic suspense built in 1897, New York City, where an Irish lass comes to America to find her missing brother, yet doesn't know who to trust.
"Chameleon" Book No. 3 in Serenity's Deception by Janice Olson (moi). A romantic suspense that takes place in Athens, Texas. (Yes, Texas has an Athens.) Roni Reeves, a young Dallas attorney, unburies the 20 year-old mystery surrounding her parents' death while working to prove Drake Peters' innocence.
Have you read a good book lately? If you have, I'd love to hear about it. Tell me why it appealed to you and what about the book kept you turning the page.
Until next time … y'all come back, ya hear!


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Back home page > Sector news > PerfoTec offers complete solution to double shelf life of fresh produce
Netherlands (the) 12/10/2021
PerfoTec offers complete solution to double shelf life of fresh produce
PerfoTec was founded in the Netherlands in 2004. Bas Groeneweg, CEO and founder, has explored how fine tuned perforated packaging could extend the shelf life of fresh produce. Three years later, in cooperation with Mundi Laser Technology, Groeneweg designed a laser that matches almost every packaging machine.
The PerfoTec Laser System extends the shelf life of fresh produce by optimising the permeability of the packaging. Film permeability is the key control point for the shelf life and quality of fresh products. The permeability can be controlled through microperforation.
The PerfoTec Laser makes a consistent amount and accurate size of holes, which are essential features for Active Modified Atmosphere Packaging.
At Fruit Attraction 2021, Fructidor had a chance to interview Bas Groeneweg, who has explained the uniqueness of solutions that the company offers today.
"While inside the pack, fresh produce is still breathing in and out CO2 and water, and then there appears acid. For this reason, we and our partners developed new films that allow excess moisture and CO2 to go out through the film. It's the same principle that works for all types of fresh products. With our solution we have doubled the shelf life of fresh spinach, from 7 to over 14 days. In the case of blueberries, the shelf life was extended from 4 to 8 weeks. Our film is versatile and works with different products.", explains Groeneweg.
In the following video, PerfoTec explains how its solution works
Today, PerfoTec's primary customers are producers, exporters, packers, and retailers of short shelf life products such as soft fruit, fresh cut salads, vegetables, and ready-to-eat meals.
"What we're doing now is very different from what we have been doing 10 years ago. Initially, with our technology we were able to extend the shelf life of fresh products up to only 1 or 2 days. Today we can increase it up to 70-100% extra.", comments the CEO.
For more information about PerfoTec, see the website
More company information: PerfoTec BV
Fruttella For Food Industry S.A.E. - Egypt - 1. Orange - 2. Grapefruit - 3. Mandarin
AG'POM - France - 1. Potato - 2. Carrot - 3. Onion


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WELS – WATER EFFICIENCY LABELLING SCHEME
We take our environmental responsibility seriously. The Water Efficiency Labelling Scheme (WELS) is designed to provide information through labelling at the point of sale, to consumers buying the products that use water. The purpose of the label is to help consumers choose products that use less water but still provide a satisfactory level of quality and performance.
The WELS Scheme applies to showers intended solely for personal bathing as specified in AS/NZS 3662:2005 – Performance of showers for bathing. Showers generate about 25 per cent of water savings under the WELS Scheme because:
A standard showerhead uses about 15 to 25 litres of water per minute – a three star rated water efficient showerhead uses as little as 6 or 7 litres per minute.
A standard shower head uses at least 120 litres of water per eight-minute shower whereas a water efficient model uses less than 72 litres or 40 per cent less water.
Installing a water-efficient showerhead saves about 14,500 litres per household each year.
Under the WELS Scheme a rating is given to a showerhead and any additional component supplied with the head such as pivoting arm, flexible hose or flow controller. However, additional components cannot be rated separately from the head.
The WELS Scheme applies to any tap or tap outlet for use over a basin, ablution trough, kitchen sink or laundry tub as specified in AS/NZS 3718:2005, Water supply-Tap ware. WELS taps save water because:
Typical taps discharge 15 to 18 litres per minute compared with low-flow and aerating models which use as little as 2 litres per minute depending on the intended application and
Taps with an aerator or flow restrictor may reduce flow to less than a third of standard taps.
The WELS label displays two key pieces of information:
A star rating indicating relative water efficiency
A water consumption or water flow figure.
Each product label displays a star rating out of six. The more stars the more water efficient. At the moment, showers will only have a maximum rating of three stars, while the other product types can achieve up to six stars. This is because New Zealand and Australia do not yet have a laboratory test to ensure that very low-flow shower products will deliver acceptable performance.
All WELS labels have a water consumption or flow figure in
Litres per minute (for showers and taps)
Litres per wash (for clothes washing machines and dishwashers)
Litres per flush (for lavatories and urinals). Labels on lavatories display figures for litres per half flush, full flush, and average flush (the average of four half flushes and one full flush).
WELS does not apply to: Bath mixers, Shower mixers or bath spouts.
More information can be found at https://www.mfe.govt.nz.
WATER EFFICIENCY LABELLING SCHEME
We take our environmental responsibility seriously. The Water Efficiency Labelling Scheme (WELS) is designed to provide information through labelling at the point of sale, to consumers buying the products that use water. The purpose of the label is to help consumers choose products that use less water but still provide a satisfactory level of quality and performance. All WELS products must be registered with the Australian regulator, rated and labelled according the requirements of the WELS Standard AS/NZS6400:2005 Water-efficient products-Rating and labelling.
WELS does not apply to: Bath mixers, Shower mixers or bath spouts
More information can be found on www.waterrating.govt.au.
All relevant Greens product carry the WaterMark™ certification mark. This confirms the product complies with the Plumbing Code of Australia and the relevant Australian Standards, which relate to product quality, including health and safety, and warrant that it is fit for purpose and has been tested independently. The WaterMark™ logo, the relevant product standard and the license number are required to be marked on the product itself.
More information can be found on www.abcb.gov.au/Product-Certification/WaterMark-Certification-Scheme.


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Vanessa Bates Ramirez
Vanessa is senior editor of Singularity Hub. She's interested in renewable energy, health and medicine, international development, and countless other topics. When she's not reading or writing you can usually find her outdoors, in water, or on a plane.
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Over the last three months I have been training and competing in the US. It was a really disrupted trip with events being cancelled and postponed. I had planned to compete at four Freeskiing World Tour events but with all the changes I only got to do two.
I had planned to use Salt Lake City as my training hub and travel to events from there however there was no real snow. So I headed to Revelstoke BC Canada where there was heaps of snow. After almost 2 months in Revelstoke my skiing had improved a tonne. It made me confident for the events at Snowbird FWT and the Moonlight basin FWTQ.
Unfortunately I didn't make it past the first day in either of the events.
Ski Ballet has now become an accepted part of big mountain skiing.
Snowbird was more bad luck than anything. Conditions were spring with hard snow and I was 6th runner.
I skied the top section of my run really fast and solid, but while skiing between my last 2 features my right ski fell off my foot, way to easily, but it's hard to say why.
It snowed mega tonnes in the canyons round Salt Lake City the night after the comp and the next 2 nights that followed.
It was great to have some new snow to boost the spirits after having a bad run in the comp.
The next stop was Moonlight basin.
I skied a really good top section, but I misjudged how much speed I needed to take into my last air.
I came up short and landed on rocks then tomahawked harder than I think I ever have.
I ended up with a concussion, but it was nothing serious.
The highlights from Moonlight Basin are at http://vimeo.com/39093335 -My crash is at 2:23.
Pretty gutted as once again I was skiing solid, but it's all learning.
Even though I fell in both events, I have been able to find a whole lot of positives from these two comps, I feel like I have a pretty good chance of doing well in finals, if I could just get there!
With Moonlight behind me the only thing left to do was catch a bus, and spend the next 26 hours of my life travelling up to Whistler BC.
I met up with my Dad in Whistler, and skied the next 13 days solid.
We had about 9 days of awesome powder, topping up every night.
Only thing was I spent the whole time coughing my guts out, I still managed to have fun though, turns out its hard to have a bad pow day!
I got home to Wanaka a couple of days ago, well rested due to getting a whole row of seats to myself on my long haul flight!
The End Of The Pow, For Now.
Hmmm. could be a little damaged..


text:
in: Articles with Polish-language external links, Articles using infobox military person, Articles containing German-language text,
Nazi leaders
German military personnel of World War I
German military personnel of World War II
Recipients of the Knight's Cross with Swords
Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Liberty, 2nd Class
Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Liberty, 3rd Class
People from Bielefeld
People from the Province of Westphalia
German people who died in prison custody
German people who died in Soviet detention
Warsaw Uprising German forces
Military personnel referenced in the Wehrmachtbericht
Prussian Army personnel
Finnish Army personnel
Reiner Stahel
Rainer Stahel
Rainer Stahel 1917
(1892-01-15)15 January 1892
30 November 1955(1955-11-30) (aged 63)
POW camp Voikovo
German Empire (to 1918)
Finland (to 1933)
Service/branch
Generalleutnant
Commands held
FlakRgt 99 (mot.)
Battles/wars
Finnish Civil War
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Reiner Joseph Karl August Stahel (15 January 1892 – 30 November 1955), also known as Rainer Stahel, was a German and Finnish military officer. He is best known for his retreat from Vilna and the command of the garrison of Warsaw during the Warsaw Uprising of 1944. Arrested by the NKVD in Romania, he spent the rest of his life in Soviet Gulags.
2.1 Wehrmachtbericht reference
3 Notes and references
Born in Bielefeld, Stahel joined the German Army during World War I. Initially a lieutenant in the 27th rifle battalion of the 130th Infantry Regiment, by the end of the war he had moved to Finland and joined the Finnish Army participating in the Finnish Civil War. By 1933 he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel and served as a commander of the garrison of the city of Turku. The same year he retired from the Finnish Army and returned to Nazi Germany, where his military grade reverted to captain.
Initially an officer at the Ministry of Aviation, Stahel became responsible for the development of German anti-air artillery. He became the commanding officer of the 71st reserve anti-air artillery battalion in 1938 and the commander of the anti-air defence of the city of Augsburg in June 1940. Soon afterwards he was dispatched to Vichy France as a military advisor, and then in March of the following year he was made the commanding officer of the 99th anti-air regiment. With that unit he served in southern Russia. For the defensive actions on the eastern front on January 18, 1942, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. On March 1 of that year he was promoted to the rank of colonel and by the end of that year he became the commanding officer of a Luftwaffe task force defending the German south-eastern front. On January 4 he was awarded the Oak Leaves to his Iron Cross. Three weeks later he was promoted to the rank of major general and in July of that year he was transferred to Italy, where he assumed command of the 2nd Anti-Air Artillery Brigade, with which he secured the Messina road.
Following the German retreat from Sicily and Italy's surrender, Stahel was made the military commander of the city of Rome in October 1943. In July 1944 he was transferred to Vilnius in German-occupied Lithuania, where he became the military commander of the city's garrison. Initially commanding roughly 500 men, soon he received reinforcements and was able to postpone the seizure of that city by Polish partisans and the Red Army. For his efforts, on July 28, 1944, he was awarded the Swords to the Knight's Cross and promoted to the rank of lieutenant general.
Stahel was transferred to Warsaw, where he was to defend the city against the advancing Red Army.[1] However, the Soviet offensive was halted and instead on August 1 the Warsaw Uprising was started by the Polish Home Army. On the first day of the uprising Stahel was surrounded in his headquarters in the Saxon Palace, and he lost control of the situation.[1] On August 4 the command over Nazi forces in Warsaw was given to General Erich von dem Bach and Stahel's pocket was subordinated to the new commander. Although by August 7 the troops of Oskar Dirlewanger managed to reach Stahel's positions in the city centre, he did not resume his command over the city's garrison. Instead, on August 24 he was dispatched to Bucharest, where similar urban fighting was anticipated by the German headquarters. However, Romania switched sides and the Red Army entered the city almost unopposed.
On September 20, 1944, Stahel was arrested by the NKVD together with Field Marshal Ion Antonescu. Interrogated on his part in the Warsaw Uprising, he was imprisoned in the Soviet Gulag system. The exact date of his death is a subject of controversy. According to Soviet sources Stahel died on November 30, 1952, in Vladimir central transfer prison. However, other sources mention that Stahel died in 1955 in Voikovo of a heart attack when he was informed of his possible transfer to Germany.
Iron Cross (1914)
2nd Class (12 October 1914)[2]
1st Class (24 March 1915)[2]
Cross of Honor
2nd Class (16 July 1941)[2]
1st Class (18 September 1941)[2]
Wound Badge in Silver
Eastern Front Medal
Cross of Liberty 2nd and 3rd Class (Finland)
Knight's Cross on 18 January 1942 as Oberstleutnant and commander of Flak-Regiment 99 (mot.)[3]
169th Oak Leaves on 4 January 1943 as Oberst and commander of a Luftwaffenkampfgruppe[4]
79th Swords on 18 July 1944 as Generalmajor and commander of Fester Platz Wilna[5]
Mentioned in the Wehrmachtbericht (14 July 1944)
Wehrmachtbericht reference
Original German Wehrmachtbericht wording
Direct English translation
15 July 1944 Die tapfere Besatzung der alten litauischen Hauptstadt Wilna unter Führung ihres Kommandanten Stahel, durchbrach nach fünftägigem Widerstand gegen überlegene feindliche Kräfte befehlsgemäß den sowjetischen Einschließungsring und kämpfte sich zu den westlich unter Oberst Tolsdorf bereitstehenden deutschen Truppen durch. Pflichterfüllung und Standhaftigkeit dieser beiden Kampftruppen verdienen höchste Anerkennung. Bei den Kämpfen um die Stadt hat sich auch eine Flakabteilung der Luftwaffe unter Hauptmann Müller hervorragend bewährt.[6] The brave garrison of the old Lithuanian capital Vilnius, led by their commander Stahel under orders broke through the Soviet encirclement after five days of resistance against superior enemy forces and fought through to the in the west waiting German troops under the command of Colonel Tolsdorf (sic). Duty and steadfastness of these combat troops deserve the highest recognition. In this battle for the city a Luftwaffe flak unit under command of Captain Müller has also distinguished itself.
↑ 1.0 1.1 (Polish) Władysław Bartoszewski; Muzeum Powstania Warszawskiego. Dni walczącej stolicy : kronika Powstania Warszawskiego. Warszawa: Muzeum Powstania Warszawskiego, Świat Książki. ISBN 978-83-7391-679-1. http://czytelnia.onet.pl/0,1190728,do_czytania.html.
↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Thomas 1998, p. 340.
↑ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 407.
↑ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 64.
↑ Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939–1945 Band 3, p. 162.
Berger, Florian (1999) (in German). Mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern. Die höchstdekorierten Soldaten des Zweiten Weltkrieges [With Oak Leaves and Swords. The Highest Decorated Soldiers of the Second World War]. Vienna, Austria: Selbstverlag Florian Berger. ISBN 978-3-9501307-0-6.
Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) (in German). Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 – Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtsteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches]. Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
Schaulen, Fritjof (2005) (in German). Eichenlaubträger 1940 – 1945 Zeitgeschichte in Farbe III Radusch – Zwernemann [Oak Leaves Bearers 1940 – 1945 Contemporary History in Color III Radusch – Zwernemann]. Selent, Germany: Pour le Mérite. ISBN 978-3-932381-22-5.
Scherzer, Veit (2007) (in German). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives]. Jena, Germany: Scherzers Miltaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
Thomas, Franz (1998) (in German). Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2: L–Z [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2: L–Z]. Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7648-2300-9.
(in German) Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939–1945 Band 3, 1. Januar 1944 bis 9. Mai 1945 [The Wehrmacht Reports 1939–1945 Volume 3, 1 January 1944 to 9 May 1945]. München, Germany: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH & Co. KG. 1985. ISBN 978-3-423-05944-2.
(Polish) Whatfor. "Reiner Stahel". Archived from the original on 2007-05-19. http://web.archive.org/web/20070519015553/http://powstanie-warszawskie-1944.ac.pl/cv_stahel.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-08.
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Ernst-Günther Baade
Franz Bäke
Hermann Balck (Diamonds)
Heinrich Bär
Erich Bärenfänger
Gerhard Barkhorn
Wilhelm Batz
Otto Baum
Werner Baumbach
Fritz Bayerlein
Hermann-Heinrich Behrend
Wilhelm Bittrich?
Johannes Blaskowitz
Georg Bochmann
Alwin Boerst
Georg Freiherr von Boeselager
Albrecht Brandi (Diamonds)
Hermann Breith
Josef Bremm?
Kurt Bühligen
Karl Decker?
August Dieckmann
Eduard Dietl
Sepp Dietrich (Diamonds)
Helmut Dörner
Hans Dorr
Alfred Druschel
Maximilian Reichsfreiherr von Edelsheim
Karl Eibl
Hermann Fegelein?
Fritz Feßmann
Walter Fries
Adolf Galland (Diamonds)
Waldemar von Gazen
Herbert Otto Gille (Diamonds)
Gordon Gollob (Diamonds)
Walter Gorn
Hermann Graf (Diamonds)
Fritz-Hubert Gräser?
Robert Ritter von Greim
Franz Griesbach
Anton Hackl
Heinz Harmel
Josef Harpe
Erich Hartmann (Diamonds)
Walter Hartmann
Paul Hausser
Richard Heidrich
Ludwig Heilmann
Gotthard Heinrici
Joachim Helbig
Traugott Herr
Hajo Herrmann
Otto Hitzfeld?
Hermann Hogeback
Hermann Hohn
Hermann Hoth
Hans Hube (Diamonds)
Herbert Ihlefeld
Hans Jordan
Arthur Jüttner
Hans Källner
Albert Kesselring (Diamonds)
Friedrich Kirchner
Otto Kittel
Ewald von Kleist
Günther von Kluge
Otto von Knobelsdorff
Alfons König
Wolfgang Kretzschmar
Otto Kretschmer
Hans Kreysing
Hans Kroh
Walter Krüger
Otto Kumm
Ernst Kupfer
Friedrich Lang
Heinz-Georg Lemm
Helmut Lent (Diamonds)
Wolfgang Lüth (Diamonds)
Heinrich Freiherr von Lüttwitz?
Smilo Freiherr von Lüttwitz
Günther Lützow
Hellmuth Mäder
Erich von Manstein
Hasso von Manteuffel (Diamonds)
Hans-Joachim Marseille (Diamonds)
Karl Mauss (Diamonds)
Egon Mayer
Johannes Mayer
Eugen Meindl?
Kurt Meyer
Walter Model (Diamonds)
Werner Mölders (Diamonds)
Dietrich von Müller
Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller
Werner Mummert
Joachim Müncheberg
Walther Nehring
Hermann Niehoff?
Horst Niemack
Theodor Nordmann
Walter Nowotny (Diamonds)
Hans von Obstfelder
Walter Oesau
Hermann von Oppeln-Bronikowski
Max-Hellmuth Ostermann
Joachim Peiper
Dietrich Peltz
Hans Philipp
Georg-Wilhelm Postel
Hermann Prieß
Josef Priller
Günther Rall
Hermann-Bernhard Ramcke (Diamonds)
Hermann Recknagel
Ernst-Wilhelm Reinert
Alfred-Hermann Reinhardt
Georg-Hans Reinhardt
Lothar Rendulic
Erwin Rommel (Diamonds)
Hans-Ulrich Rudel (Diamonds & Golden Oak Leaves)
Erich Rudorffer
Gerd von Rundstedt
Max Sachsenheimer
Dietrich von Saucken (Diamonds)
Heinrich Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein
Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer (Diamonds)
Fritz von Scholz Edler von Rarancze
Ferdinand Schörner (Diamonds)
Werner Schröer
Hinrich Schuldt
Adelbert Schulz (Diamonds)
Friedrich Schulz
Karl-Lothar Schulz
Gerhard Graf von Schwerin
Sylvester Stadler?
Leopold Steinbatz
Felix Steiner
Johannes Steinhoff
Hyacinth Graf Strachwitz von Groß-Zauche und Camminetz (Diamonds)
Werner Streib
Reinhard Suhren
Karl Thieme?
Theodor Tolsdorff (Diamonds)
Erich Topp
Erich Walther
Wilhelm Wegener
Otto Weidinger?
Helmuth Weidling
Maximilian Wengler
Wend von Wietersheim
Wolf-Dietrich Wilcke
Theodor Wisch
Günther-Eberhardt Wisliceny?
Michael Wittmann
Josef Wurmheller
Isoroku Yamamoto
Werner Ziegler
This along with the ? (question mark) indicates doubt regarding the veracity and formal correctness of the listing.
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients of the 10th Flak Division
Flak-Regiment 4 (motorized)
Oskar Bauer
Rudolf Cleve
Bernhard Hülsmann
Herbert Kompch
Fritz Petersen (Oak Leaves)
Max Wippermann
Theodor Triebe
Flak-Regiment 48 (motorized)
Hermann Sell
Eduard Obergethmann
Reiner Stahel1 (Oak Leaves & Swords)
Flak-Regiment 153 (motorized)
Kurt Andersen
Rudolph Erdmann
1 Oak Leaves with a Luftwaffenkampfgruppe, Swords in Fester Platz Wilna
Articles with Polish-language external links


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text:
Torres Strait Islander Women and the Pacific War
Elizabeth Osborne
$34.95 RRP incl. GST
Between 1942 and 1945, Torres Strait Islander women experienced the fears and uncertainties of living virtually on Australia's front line during the Pacific War. Some were forcibly evacuated with their children to the mainland, where they found themselves still restricted as to where and how they could live. Others were left on their tiny islands, deserted in the end by government and church, despite the constant threat of Japanese advance through the Torres Strait.
Many of the women remember here that traumatic time: hiding from the bombers and watching the dogfights overhead, struggling to feed and clothe their families, and praying continually for the safe return of their menfolk and for peace again in their beloved island homes.
Dr Elizabeth Osborne's association with Torres Strait began in 1967. For five years she lived on Thursday Island and became the foster mother of several local children. She and her husband continue to share a vision for education in Torres Strait. Her writing expresses her desire for recognition of those Torres Strait Islander women whose wartime courage had gone undocumented.
History War Service
Gugu Badhun: People of the Valley of Lagoons [Paperback]
Yvonne Cadet-James, Robert Andrew James, Sue McGinty, Russell McGregor
Australia: William Blandowski's illustrated encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia [Paperback]
Harry Allen, Mark Dugay-Grist, Luise Hercus, Thomas Darragh
Rare photo of Indigenous involvement in the Boer War [Explore article]
Searching for Charles and Clyde [News]
The road to Australia: Memoirs of Vladimir Kabo [Publication or resource]
Baskets Hold a History [Presentation]
Indifferent Inclusion: Aboriginal people and the Australian nation [Publication or resource]


text:
Serv-Wel 155
Brand: Ozark Pencil Co.
Very rare oversized point protector for an Ozark.
Specialty ferrule
About Ozark Pencil Co.
Established in 1911 in St. Louis, Missouri, Ozark Pencil Co. produced a pamphlet in 1928 stating they were the largest manufacturer of advertisement pencils and enameled whistles. According to the St. Louis Star and Times, the company's founder, Harry W. Brewer, was responsible for developing many of the machines and methods for producing pencils in the early 1930s. For example, he invented the first machine used to print two or three colors on a pencil at one time. The Ozark Pencil Co. also produced mechanical pencils and eyebrow pencils. It had a second manufacturing plant in Lewisburg, TN, that was destroyed by fire in 1935 (six employees were severely burned in the fire). Later that same year, Mr. Brewer filed for bankruptcy, but news reports indicated it was for him as an individual and did not involve the pencil company. He died in 1938.
Ranger 140 No.1
Serv-Wel Indelible 352 Hard


text:
Una fidanzata per papà (The Courtship of Eddie's Father) è un film del 1963 diretto da Vincente Minnelli.

Trama
Tom Corbett, rimasto vedovo e con un vivace figlio da accudire, Eddie, nonostante le insistenze e le preoccupazioni dei conoscenti che vorrebbero si accasasse sollecitamente una seconda volta, intende risolvere questo problema con calma. Tom si lega sempre più strettamente a Rita Behrens, un'esperta di moda. Questa relazione impedisce a Tom di notare l'interessamento nei suoi confronti ed il sincero affetto dimostrato per il bambino da Elizabeth Marten, una loro giovane vicina cui hanno spesso modo di ricorrere perché è un'infermiera diplomata. Tom infine decide di sposarsi con Rita ma il piccolo Eddie è istintivamente contrario a questa soluzione e, con sempre più vivaci interventi, la rende impossibile. Opportunamente guidato dal figlio, Tom finalmente si accorge dell'affetto che Elizabeth ha per lui e decide così di sposarla.

Produzione
Il film fu prodotto dalla Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), Euterpe e Venice Productions. Da notare che il titolo originale del film (che - tradotto in italiano - sarebbe qualcosa come "Il corteggiamento del padre di Eddie") è stato modificato nella versione italiana, escludendo il nome del ragazzo.

Distribuzione

Distribuito dalla Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), il film - dopo una prima a New York il 6 marzo - uscì nelle sale cinematografiche USA il 27 marzo 1963.

Serie televisiva
Il film generò una serie televisiva, Una moglie per papà, trasmessa sulla ABC dal 1969 al 1972, con protagonista Bill Bixby.

Curiosità
In una clip che passa in televisione, si vede un frammento di Mogambo (1953) con Clark Gable e Grace Kelly.

Collegamenti esterni

Film commedia drammatica
Film diretti da Vincente Minnelli
Film basati su opere di narrativa

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
The Baroness Hale of Richmond
since 28 June 2013
The Right Honourable
Appointer
UK Monarch, on advice of a Selection commission
Life tenure; may be removed on the address of both Houses of Parliament[1]
Inaugural holder
Lord Hope of Craighead
Constitutional Reform Act 2005
£206,857[2]
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Cabinet Manual
Erskine May
British Monarchy
Charles, Prince of Wales
Succession to the British throne
Royal prerogative
HM Government
96th ministry
Her Majesty's Civil Service
Executive agencies
Public bodies
Crown-in-Council
(56th Parliament)
Crown-in-Parliament
Lord Speaker
Baroness D'Souza
John Bercow
Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition
State Opening of Parliament
Act of Parliament
Statutory Instruments
Lord Neuberger
Lady Hale
Justices of the Supreme Court
Courts of the United Kingdom
Courts of England and Wales
Courts of Northern Ireland
Courts of Scotland
Reserved matters
Joint Ministerial Committee
Administrative geography
Subdivisions of England
Local government in England
Local government in Northern Ireland
Subdivisions of Scotland
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The Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the second most senior judge of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, after the President of the Supreme Court. The office is equivalent to the now-defunct position of Second Senior Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, also known as the Second Senior Law Lord, who was the second highest-ranking Lord of Appeal in Ordinary.
The office is currently held by the Baroness Hale of Richmond, having succeeded Lord Hope of Craighead on his retirement on June 26, 2013. Lord Hope had been the Second Senior Lord of Appeal in Ordinary in 2009, when the judicial functions of the House of Lords were transferred to the new Supreme Court on 1 October 2009 under the provisions of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005.
By Royal Warrant published on 1 October 2009 Queen Elizabeth II established a place for the Deputy President of the Supreme Court in the order of precedence: the Deputy President of the Supreme Court ranks after the Master of the Rolls and before the other Justices of the Supreme Court.[3]
List of Second Senior Lords of Appeal in Ordinary
Lord Goff of Chieveley (1994 – 1996)
Lord Slynn of Hadley (2000 – 2002)
Lord Nicholls of Birkenhead (2002 – 2007)
Lord Hoffman (2007 – 2009)
Lord Hope of Craighead (20 April 2009 – 1 October 2009)
List of Deputy Presidents of the Supreme Court
Lord Hope of Craighead (1 October 2009 – 26 June 2013)
Lady Hale of Richmond (28 June 2013 – present)
↑ http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2005/ukpga_20050004_en_3#pt3-pb3-l1g33
↑ "Judicial salaries from 1 April 2010" (PDF). Ministry of Justice. 2010-03-10. Retrieved 2010-05-16.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 59201. p. 16957. 1 October 2009.
Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
President: Lord Neuberger
Deputy President: Lady Hale
Lord Mance
Lord Kerr
Lord Clarke
Lord Wilson
Lord Sumption
Lord Reed
Lord Carnwath
Lord Hughes
Lord Hodge
Mark Ormerod
Former justices
Lord Saville
Lord Collins
Lord Rodger
Lord Phillips
Lord Brown
Lord Dyson
Lord Walker
Lord Hope
Lord Toulson
Middlesex Guildhall
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 9/7/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.


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Guide to Bass Pedal
During the earlier times, pedal boards have been the standard feature on pipe organs for about centuries. In fact, electromechanical organs like the Hammond organ has a pedal board. However, in the 1970s, electronic organ makers noticed that musicians seek for organs that they could take on a gig at bars or festivals. Consequently, to make organs more portable, makers replaced the heavy chassis organs with a detachable one.
Once the organ makers have made portable organs, manufacturers began to create bass pedals that could function separately from the organ console. With this, the 1970s standalone bass pedal was invented. This bass pedal could be used under an organ for several sets.
Bass Pedals are foot-operated pedal keyboards that had a range of one or more octaves. This electronic musical instrument from the 1970s consists of a pedalboard and an analog synthesizer. The bass pedals were plugged into a bass amplifier or a PA system so that their sound can be heard. In the 1990s, these electronic instruments were MIDI controllers that are connected to a MIDI-compatible computer, synthesizer keyboards, or sound modules to produce music. By 2010, the bass pedal has a MIDI output and an onboard synthesizer.
Similar to an electric organ and pipe organ, the bass pedal serves as a pedalboard. However, the bass pedal produces a bass range with a 16′ stop. Some bass pedal has an 8′ stop that can be used by itself or combined with a 16′ stop. In addition, the bass pedal was usually used by keyboard performers as an accompanimentto their full-range manual keyboards. Aside from the keyboard players, bass pedals were also used by other musical performers, including electric bass and electric guitar players.
The units of the bass pedals usually have a smaller range of about thirteen notes. The bass pedal notes were smaller in comparison to the church pipe organ's pedal notes of about thirty-two notes standard pedalboard for an American Guild of Organists. Also, bass pedals have shorter pedals compared to the church pipe organ's pedalboard. Moreover, although a larger range of bass pedals was rare to find, these kinds still do exist. Some of these were the seventeen notes which have a range from C to E, twenty notes from C to G, and twenty-five notes from C to C, two octaves higher.
All these base pedals consist of foot-operated pedals attached to its chassis. The bass pedals chassis have buttons on top and are designed to be operated with the feet. These buttons enable the performer to change the sound. Typical buttons in this electronic instrument include a 16′ and 8′ buttons to provide a bass sound. Some models of the bass pedal have a sustain button. However, this button has a different function than the electronic piano's sustain button. The sustain button of an electronic piano is momentary and a non-latching switch that sustains all notes for a short period of time after the pedal was released. Meanwhile, the purpose of the bass pedal is to facilitate legato, as well as a sostenuto basslines for slow ballads. In addition to that, some bass pedal units with a sustain had a rolling dial that enables the setting of the automatic sustain length.
Few of the bass pedals that were designed to be used with an electronic organ or a clonewheel organ have features that enable the user to operate the upper manual keyboards. These upper manual keyboards include a swell pedal or expression pedal, a thread style potentiometer that controls the volume, on and off buttons, including the option to change the speed and program change buttons.
Also, these bass pedals can be used with electronic organs that have a MIDI merge feature. With this, one or more keyboards can be plugged into the bass pedal. These bass pedals then merge the MIDI messages and send them thru the instrument's MIDI out to the sound module. This feature could be used when the performer wants to send the MIDI messages from the three controllers (two MIDI controller keyboards and bass pedals) to the sound modules.


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Wall Street feasts on federal coronavirus aid while Main Street starves
Last Updated: April 16, 2020/Daniel Plainview
In broad strokes, President Donald Trump, Congress and the Fed are doing the right things to help the entire economy recover. AFP via Getty Images
Judging by the performance of the stock market, the economic recovery from the pandemic lockdown should be swift and dramatic, a so-called V-shaped recovery.
If only it were true.
The stock market's recent gains don't tell the full story of the absolute mess the US economy finds itself in, even as the worst of the coronavirus is behind us. Rather, the gains in equity prices are more of an indication of the uneven stimulus methods employed by the feds. These measures will almost certainly benefit Wall Street and market speculation — even as their impact on Main Street will be slow to come.
Wall Street executives and analysts predict a tale of two economies: Wall Street traders will make money, while Main Street businesses face economic conditions not seen since the Great Depression.
I hope my Wall Street sources are wrong. I hope the money earmarked for small businesses and individuals as part of the $2 trillion rescue package will prevent the economy from falling off a cliff. I hope the money made on Wall Street trades will trickle down to small businesses when the economy opens up.
But there is good reason to believe the trickle-down will be pretty thin. Wall Street may recover fast as the economy founders.
The Federal Reserve is pumping an estimated $10 trillion in liquidity into the financial system. That's essentially earmarked for Wall Street. These trillions flowed into just about every corner of high finance; the Fed's new programs even allowed it to buy up mortgage-backed securities pegged to strip malls that were teetering before the pandemic hit.
You read that right: The Fed is now bailing out Wall Streeters who bet on strip malls.
What do the rest of us get? Initially, the White House bragged that the rescue package for individuals and mom-and-pop shops was far larger than $2 trillion, because that headline figure didn't count loan forgiveness and other measures that were coming.
In reality, the Main Street rescue hasn't measured up to these boasts. Congress is still fighting over whether to add an extra $250 billion on top of the $350 billion in low-interest and forgivable loans to support small businesses, which employ nearly half of all Americans.
Meanwhile, the programs to aid small business through grants and low-interest loans are bureaucratic and a fraction of what is being showered on Wall Street.
The small-biz loans were supposed to begin two Fridays ago, yet the money was slow in coming because of confusion on how to administer the program. Thousands of small businesses applied, but many were turned away, even though they operated thriving companies.
These weren't seedy strip malls already near default, but companies that made money and through no fault of their own faced a black-swan event that is on the verge of putting them out of business.
The government now says more than a million loan applications have been approved totaling $257 billion. OK, but most of the cash hasn't been delivered. And those who have gotten the money began receiving their checks late last week and early this week, small-business lobby groups tell me. The result is what you expected: Small businesses are now laying off workers in droves just to keep the lights on.
Wall Street execs are scared. They vividly recall the last time economic bailouts were skewed to high finance in the aftermath of the 2008 banking crisis, when firms like Goldman Sachs began announcing record profits, largely on trading, when the Fed slashed rates while Main Street was mired in the Great Recession.
The result was public scorn and the Occupy Wall Street movement. Wall Street fears that, given the manifestly unjust disparities now, the country could soon see social unrest not seen since the 1930s.
Still, the Trump administration and Congress aren't looking to raise taxes and increase regulations, policy mistakes that magnified the Great Depression and the Great Recession. In broad strokes, Team Trump, Congress and the Fed are doing the right thing, and that should help the entire economy recover.
But the economic calamity we face now is far different than ones we faced in the past: A $20 trillion economy has largely been shut down, while devils swarm in the details of the pandemic rescue package. There are good reasons to doubt whether Main Street will share in the economy's V-shaped return to triumph.
Charles Gasparino is a senior correspondent at Fox Business Network. Twitter: @CGasparino
Read Original Article at nypost.com
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Rattlers strike against Pirates: Live Blog
February 22, 2010 12:00 am by Cameron Daniels
Please refresh frequently, all updates will come with real time stamps.
Stay tuned for live updates from tonights game against the Hampton University Pirates tip off is approximately 20 minutes away.
The Rattlers are looking to pick up their first win streak in MEAC play with a win tonight against Hampton. FAMU is coming off of a dramatic 72-67 overtime win over Howard University on Saturday. Hampton cruised past Bethune-Cookman on Saturday 71-44.
FAMU is 7-19 overall, and 4-9 in the MEAC. Hampton is one spot ahead of the Rattlers in the conference standings. The Pirates are 9-17 overall, and 5-8 in the MEAC. This should be a highly competitive game, as both teams could desperately use a conference win. We're 10 minutes from tip off. Stay tuned!
The Pirates have three players who average double figures in scoring, led by Vincent Simpson who puts up 13.5 points per contest. Brandon Bryant is the leading scorer for the Rattlers, he averages 9.5 points per game. The National Anthem will be played shortly, and after that it will be time for some Rattler basketball! Stay tuned for live updates.
The Rattlers have come out on fire with back to back three-pointers by Stevens and Jenkins. The Pirates, on the other hand, have "airballed" on back to back three-point attempts. The Rattlers have started the game on a run, let's see if the trend will continue.
8-2 FAMU
The Pirates have taken the lead early in the first half. They were down earlier but they have fought back, the Rattlers will need to do the same if they want to stay in the game.
16-11 Hampton (10:30 left in the 1st)
The Rattlers are still trailing, but the game is close. It's been a fast-paced game thus far, and both teams have been trying to get out in the break to score in transition. Cecil Bent just gave the Al Lawson Center a little life with a nice reverse lay up.
30-27 Hampton (3:18 left in the 1st)
The game was tied at 34-34 at halftime and the 2nd half has started. Sorry for the delay, we were trying to post some pictures.
43-42 Hampton
FAMU has been getting dominated on the boards. They were outrebounded 23-7 in the first half, and the trend has continued in the second half. The Rattlers have the lead, but if they want to secure a victory they've got to hit the boards.
48-47 FAMU (11:45 left to play)
There's a little over five minutes left to play, and the Rattlers are still down. The lead is not insurmountable, but the Rattlers need to do something fast if they're going to catch back up.
59-51 Hampton (5:23 left to play)
Dale Hughes just connected on a huge three-pointer to help cut into the lead, but the Pirates are still up. Turnovers, turnovers, turnovers. I'm echoing the word 'turnover' because I feel like that's what I have been doing all season. The Rattlers still have issues holding onto the ball, and a team can't score if it can't keep the ball.
That's the ball game, the Rattlers fell to the Hampton Pirates and they were unable to put together back to back wins in the Al Lawson Center. The Rattlers next game will be the on Saturday against the Winston-Salem State University Rams in North Carolina.
70-61 Hampton (Final)


Starting in McCall, the first 2.5 miles of the run down to Sheep Bridge has been a training ground for local paddlers for many years during the spring. One class III rapid is approximatley a mile downstream of the McCall Fish Hatchery. Flows of 1000 to 3500 cfs are ideal for this reach.
Downstream of Sheep Bridge, the river river meanders back and forth across this lush valley just downstream of McCall and makes for a good day trip. This lower reach can be run at lower flows (above 200 cfs) as a float trip through the summer.
Division point between the class III section (upstream) and the class II (downstream).
Flows are regulated by release from the Payette Lake, where a dam raised the elevation of the lake by 7 feet.


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Does Tori Stafford's killer belong in a healing lodge?
The three-month-long search for nine-year-old Tori Stafford's body in 2009 was the largest in Ontario history. When it was over, the crimes committed against the girl and the investigation and trial that followed crushed her community of Woodstock, Ontario. Now one of her killers, Terri-Lynn McClintic, who was convicted of first-degree murder in Tori's death, has been transferred from a prison to a minimum security healing lodge with independent living, spiritual and cultural training.
How was this decision made? Why did the public find out about the move months after the fact? What happens now that the outrage over this has risen to the highest level of Canadian government? And, in the big picture, if the end goal of our correctional system is rehabilitation, does that only apply to some prisoners? Are McClintic's crimes too horrific to atone for? Randy Richmond, a London Free Press reporter who covered Tori's abduction and murder in 2009 and has stayed with her story for the past decade, takes us inside the decision and the fallout that is spreading quickly.
https://media.blubrry.com/thebigstory/p/rogers-aod.leanstream.co/rogers/thebigstory_dai/tbs_1003_dai.mp3


text:
original-bitcoin
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This is a historical repository of Satoshi Nakamoto's original bitcoin sourcecode

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


For anyone who dreams of going to the moon we have created a bold and fun wall light made from our Pompom fairy lights around a crescent moon form.
Every light is hand wrapped with fairy lights which are hand spun with pompoms and fine metallic threads.
Wire frame wrapped with 2m Led light string decorated with nylon pompoms and a gold thread.


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Back to the Movies! How Digital Advertising Faired for Theater Chains
April 07 2021 by Matthew Bozin
There's been no shortage of content to watch as the streaming platforms have exploded during the last year. And, although most people have been able to watch movies on their TV's or phones, in the comfort of their living rooms, there's just nothing like the experience of a darkened theater, 30 foot screen, body-shaking surround sound, and a bucket of buttery popcorn that gives you a stomachache near Act III. And as we round the corner back to normalcy, we take a look back at how movie theaters digital marketing reacted and adapted to the pandemic.
Across the US, there are 4 major theater chains: AMC, Cineplex, Regal and CineMark. And, when quarantine hit, not only did theaters have to shutter their doors, but Movie Studios were left with a decision to wait it out, or recoup their losses with streaming deals. The result: Digital Marketing plummeted in 2020. In fact, we can basically track major covid events that corresponded to their spend, as covid cases dropped in September, prompting states to allow limited re-openings, and similarly, dropped again for each brand in November/December, when cases dramatically increased during a second wave of the virus.
With the serious loss of revenue for an industry that was already dealing with major change, the advertisers began adapting anyway they could. Both CineMark and AMC released creatives, advertising their spaces to rent for private showings.
AMC and Cineplex also advertised a service where customers could order movie snacks from their mobile app and pick them up at their local theater.
Facebook Gets Top-Billing
Even before the pandemic, Facebook carried the lions share of digital spend for the theater brands, and 2021 appears no different. However, more interesting - where and when they were spending. Both AMC and CineMark focused major Facebook spend in Texas and California, two states on opposite ends of implementing covid restrictions.
But taking a closer look, the date range is a significant indicator. From January 2021 through February 2021, California was ranked 11th with 3% investment from AMC, and 20th with 1% investment from CineMark. However, Texas, and its relaxed restrictions, garnered the most Facebook spend from both, in the same date range, with 13% and 24%, respectively.
Fast forward to March, where California has opened limited theater capacity: 19% investment for AMC and 24% for CineMark - both in the top spot.
The Light at The End of The Projector
While stock in each of the companies fell significantly, the new year has shown signs of life for both AMC and CineMark, who's digital spend began steadily increasing through the end of March. Cineplex, however, headquartered in Canada, hasn't invested much in the US, though has advertised in its home country, where the pandemic restrictions have been different than the States.
Regal Entertainment unfortunately, struggled more than the others during the pandemic, facing chapter 11 bankruptcy, and a last minute loan from its creditors to reorganize. That also meant no investment in digital advertising for 2021.
While many industries will face an uphill climb after a history-making year, we're glad the movie-going experience will endure for the next generation. That is...until they have to pivot to virtual reality theater experiences. But that's at least 6 months away?
So, get your popcorn ready. And if you're looking for more insights CLICK HERE!
Matthew Bozin
After earning his BS in Communications, Matt cut his teeth in the entertainment industry, spending fifteen years writing everything from feature screenplays for A-List directors, to celebrity bios for some of Hollywood's top actors. That creative drive made it an easy transition to Marketing, bringing his eye for storytelling to the digital advertising ecosystem.
The Music Streaming Wars: Spotify Outspends Amazon Music on Digital Ads
Hitting the slopes - How digital strategy is shaping up for ski & mountain resorts
A Sellers Market: Analyzing Real Estate Digital Spend in a Pandemic World


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News • 08/31/2018
Minnesota Women's Press: The Governor's Office and the Women's Foundation of Minnesota join together on a program for young women — the first of its kind in the United States
EXCERPT: "Gather together 500 young women from around the state in listening sessions about their greatest challenges and hopes. Match them up with the resources of the Women's Foundation of Minnesota and the power of the Governor's office. Create a paid Cabinet of 25 young women ages 16 to 24, representing eight diverse communities, and a Council of 70 private/public leaders from corporations, government, philanthropy, universities and nonprofits. The intent of this seven-year, $9-million initiative is to make deep structural changes in economics, cultural narratives, safety, inequity in gender norms and advance educational opportunities. That is the collective scale of the Young Women's Initiative of Minnesota, the first statewide program of its kind in the nation." FULLSTORY: http://bit.ly/2PmfrAQ


Privately or in groups, large or small, your support comes in all shapes and sizes, in ways most meaningful to you. Learn more -- then surprise us!
For over four decades, The Clay Studio has nurtured established and emerging artists in studios where they can create, learn and share skills, and build their body of work.
Our Claymobile and other innovative programs bring art education to Philadelphia schoolchildren so that their education includes creative opportunity.
We are a creative engine for our community and a destination where people from all walks of life can explore the vast world of clay.
When you shop at Amazon Smile, Amazon donates 0.5% of the purchase price to The Clay Studio. There is no additional cost to you! Visit our Amazon Smiles and support us every time you shop.
Donate your car, boat, truck, RV, jet ski, or snowmobile to The Clay Studio and receive a tax deduction, with no cost and no hassle. Request a pickup with this online form, or contact our fundraising partner Donation Line LLC at 877-227-7487 (be sure to ask for The Clay Studio by name or our extension #3086).
The Clay Studio is a United Way donor choice option with proceeds supporting our mission. To make a gift through the United Way, please use our agency #47896.
The Clay Studio is an Educational Improvement Organization (EIO) under Pennsylvania's Educational Improvement Tax Credit program. These credits are awarded to businesses that make contributions to EIOs like The Clay Studio.
The Education Improvement Tax Credit Program (EITC) provides tax credits to eligible businesses. These tax credits can be donated to The Clay Studio's Claymobile program in the form of a contribution.
The Pennsylvania Department of Revenue will consider tax credits awarded under this program to be effective on the first day of the taxable year in which the contribution was made.
Your business can receive tax credits up to 75% of your contribution (up to $750,000 per taxable year), or up to 90% for two-year charitable commitments (up to $900,000 per charitable year).
Review this overview of the EITC program and these detailed guidelines, both provided by the PA Department of Community and Economic Development (DCED).
It is recommended that you consult with your tax advisor.
Apply online through the DCED application system.
Upon receipt of written notification from DCED that you have been approved for tax credits your business has 60 days to make a contribution.
You will receive an acknowledgement letter from The Clay Studio.
You must submit the acknowledgement letter received from The Clay Studio to the DCED within 90 days from your original written notification approval from DCED.
DCED will communicate with the PA Department of Revenue and the applicable tax credit is applied to your business tax account.
The credit is taken as a payment on your business's annual tax return filing.


Find the perfect hotel for your next trip to downtown Toronto.
Experience History at Hotel Victoria in downtown Toronto.
Old meets new in this 56-room boutique hotel. Dating back to the early 1900s, Hotel Victoria has stood the test of time. Immerse yourself in the buildings old world original architecture, while enjoying modern conveniences and furnishings in-room.
Welcoming guests both locally and globally at the Strathcona Hotel.
Centrally located, this downtown Toronto hotel is steps away from connecting you to anywhere you want to go. Start your day with a fresh breakfast in the York Street Cafe. Head down to the vintage pub for a pint or two. Relax in the clean and contemporary rooms after a long day in the city.
Your adventure begins at The Bond Hotel at Yonge & Dundas Square.
Location, location, location. It doesn't get more downtown than this. Rest your head on soft pillows in curated rooms, designed with the modern traveler in mind. Stationed in the middle of Toronto's playground, The Bond Hotel welcomes guests to experience everything the city has to offer right outside its doors.
Set in the heart of Toronto's theatre district, the Pantages Hotel welcomes guests to stay sophisticated between Yonge and Victoria.
This boutique hotel in downtown Toronto is surrounded by some of the best shopping, restaurants, and concert venues the city has to offer. Experience condo-style rooms and suites, "The Third" event floor, and the intimate Stages Restaurant and Lounge at Pantages Hotel.
Enjoy a mix of city and zen at the Radisson Admiral Hotel Toronto-Harbourfront.
Whether you're visiting for business or leisure, we invite you to bask in the serenity of Lake Ontario, while enjoying the energy of downtown Toronto from the central location of the Radisson Admiral.
A new experience awaits you in Old Town Toronto at the Novotel Toronto Centre.
Relax in comfort in the heart of the St. Lawrence Neighborhood at this downtown Toronto hotel. The spacious and contemporary rooms allow you to stretch out and unwind beneath cloud-covered walls. Curb cravings in the stylish Cafe Nicole, located in the lobby.
Stay at our House on your next visit to Toronto. Revamped to be your new favorite destination, The Anndore House is the perfect place to seize the day, and spend the night in Toronto.
Our House has soul. We've created a one-of-a-kind experience that shares and reflects our passion for art and culture. Some of Toronto's most talented artistry is waiting to be discovered within the walls of The Anndore House.


Westport, Conn. : : Greenwood Press, 1982.
Holmes, J. L. (1982). Conductors on record. Westport, Conn. :: Greenwood Press.
Holmes, John L. 1982. Conductors On Record. Westport, Conn. :: Greenwood Press.
Holmes, John L, Conductors On Record. Westport, Conn. :: Greenwood Press, 1982.
Holmes, John L. Conductors On Record. Westport, Conn. :: Greenwood Press, 1982. Print.
|a Holmes, John L. |0 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/nr92014585.
|a Conductors on record / |c John L.. Holmes.
|a Westport, Conn. : : |b Greenwood Press, |c 1982.
|a Conductors (Music) |0 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85030810 |v Discography. |0 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh00007650.
|a Discographies. |2 lcgft |0 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/genreForms/gf2014026088.