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State Champs Sign With Pure Noise Records
Pure Noise Records announced the signing of Albany, New York pop punk band State Champs, who will release an EP late summer 2012 and will follow it up with a full length later this year.
Frontman Derek DiScanio said:
We couldn't be more excited to announce our signing with Pure Noise Records. We will be releasing a 7″ EP this summer and following it up with a debut full length record later this year. Though it seems like a high pointed accomplishment, this is only the beginning of a long road ahead. We plan to continue having fun putting in the work we do to write songs and connect with those who care enough to listen and follow this path with us. Cheers to the next step. Thank you!
April 27, 2012 rockdirt News No Comments
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I bought the 1000 piece jigsaw in a charity shop for 50 cent. We used the jigsaw pieces for the leaves. We simply drew the tree trunk and branches, glued the jigsaw pieces on, and painted them. A very simple, cheap and time efficient art lesson!


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Q: Property of first order differential equation I need help with following exercise:
Let $f$ be real function in $R$ of class $C^1$ and $f(r)=r$. Show that if $f'(r) \lt 1$ then no solution of the equation $x'=f(x/t)$ is tangent at $0$ to solution $x(t)=rt$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


← Atheism, Penn Jillette, Gerry and Me?
Well i have only just noticed that last post i had done had completely messed up somehow, now i can't seem to find anything else to post about.
Only thing i can think of is to post a picture of my new tattoo once it is coloured. I have recently had done a tattoo of 'Occams Razor', in the style of an old cutthroat razor with simple spirally decorations and Occams name upon it. It is also on the side of my elbow so it bends with it.
Right so i guess its time for me to get sorted for work.
Not so sure why i don't feel motivated to do much, i keep feeling abit down at the minute but it will pass of course.


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Gareth Southgate knighthood dreams DASHED over tax scheme
GARETH Southgate could miss out on a knighthood over his involvement in a company that used a tax avoidance scheme.
Martin Coulter
It was yesterday revealed a number of sporting legends - including David Beckham and Wayne Rooney - might have missed out on top gongs due to their tax affairs.
Southgate, 47, was reportedly ploughing £434million into a film production company involved in a tax avoidance scheme in 2016.
Its activities are understood to have been legal at the time, but are now considered illegal by HMRC.
The Sunday Times reports the England manager's involvement with Eclipse 35 might have ruined his chances of gaining a knighthood.
Beckham, 43, is said to have called the honours committee "a bunch of c****" after he was reportedly blocked from a knighthood last year.
Meanwhile Rooney, 32, is rumoured to have missed out after it was claimed he might have to pay up to £3.5million to HMRC after deferring a tax bill.
A memo sent by HMRC to the Tax Office read: "Poor tax behaviour is not consistent with the award of an honour".
A government spokesperson said: "Honours are given to reward outstanding service in a given field or area and each nomination is rigorously assessed.
(Image: GETTY)
"As a matter of longstanding policy, in order to protect the integrity of the system, Government departments which may have an interest in a particular nomination – including HMRC – are invited to contribute their views during this process."
Daily Star Online approached Southgate for comment.


We'll roll projector on some of the expanded cinema re-enactments we've been working on in the residency and some film prints we brought in for our research.
The prints come from the National Film & Video Lending Service in Canberra and from the Lux, the artist's film archive in London (why doesn't Australia have one of these?). Performance Space are most generously lending a pair of beautiful Eiki 16mm projectors for the occasion.
From our recent work, marvel at the stamina of those who were there for the 24 hours for the 'Long Film for Ambient Light'. As a kind of private experiment, we recreated the conditions for this 1975 work by Anthony McCall on March 16 and 17 down at the Performance Space. We'll show a time lapse video (where one hour becomes one minute) and invite those who were there during the event to share their mental residues".
Also marvel at the stamina of the participants in our attempt to re-create William Raban's 1974 film 'Breath'. The film documents a walk up a hill by a group of walkers carrying whistles. Each shot matches the length of a whistle and a breath. Rabans film was in the gentle English countryside. The Curham, Ihlein, Shaw version is North Era hill in the Royal National Park. We'll show 'Breath 2006′ and Raban's original.
Enjoy our versions on 16mm film and miniDV of William Raban's 1973 Expanded Cinema work 2'45″. In our reworkings (presented as '55 seconds' (16mm film), and '6 minutes' (mini DV)), we followed Raban's recipe and projected an image of the projector screen, re-filmed it, projected that image, re-filmed it, projected, re-filmed and so on. The miniDV version has a velvety softness, and reaction between the iterations is a delight. Be part of Iteration 8 as we show you Iteration 7.
Of the films from the archives, we have William Raban's 'Angles of Incidence' (1973). Raban describes this as an experiment in constructing three dimensional space on the two dimensional surface of the film. The film is exactly as it came out of the camera. It appears that Raban's method was to fix a length of rope between a window and the camera and film all the possible views of the window that the rope would allow.
Lis Rhodes 'Light Reading' (1979): Those who attended the NowNow film screenings would have seen Lis Rhodes' 'Dresden Dynamo', easily a stand out in visual dynamism with layer upon layer of re-printed lettraset stuck through the optical printer using all the printer lights. Light Reading has more of a polemic as a voice intones an essay on the role of the subject within the object of the film and the gaze of the camera, subverted by extended direct film animation and re-printing that is based on the light meter itself – the "eye" of the camera if you like. This is a dense film but we found it very rewarding.
And the very cute John Smith 1976 film called 'The Girl Chewing Gum' – a wonderful spoof where the film director literally directs passing traffic. A subtly formal as it deals with the split between sound and image.
Okay so hope you can come and we're looking forward to it immensely.


Streamline Enterprise offers more than new construction and renovation services, we are also renown for professional gutter cleaning in Kamloops and its surrounds. maintaining your gutters will prevent pooling water around your home's foundation and help you avoid the high costs of system replacement later on.
Don't take chances when looking for painters in Lees Summit, MO. Hire professional painters from Turner Painting Company who can deliver the kind of results you deserve. it's not necessary to compromise quality to save on the costs of painting- you can have it all when you call Turner Painting Company.


Getting to a far away stand location or backcountry hunt has never been easier than it is with the QuietKat FatKat Hunting bike.
The QuietKat FatKat is a powerful electric bike that is specifically designed for the purpose of hunting. There are two almost identical versions of the FatKat, the 1000W model and the 750W model. The only difference between the two versions is the size of the motor (1000W vs 750W), the brakes (Hydraulic disc brakes on the 1000W, Mechanical disc brakes on the 750W) and the suspension fork on the 1000W which is not integrated on the 750W model.
Wolf River Cam, gives you live footage of the Wisconsin Walleye spawn! Watch the live video feeds from many places around Wisconsin!


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La Catedral de Santa María (en tamil: புனித மரியா தலைமைக் கோயில) es la sede de la diócesis de Jaffna ubicada en el país asiático de Sri Lanka. La construcción de la iglesia de Santa María se inició en 1789 y se terminó en 1794.  El primer párroco fue el padre Leonard Rebeiro. La iglesia fue construida en el sitio de una casa con techo de paja que había servido previamente como un lugar de culto para los católicos de Jaffna. A principios del siglo XX la iglesia, que ahora era una catedral, se había vuelto demasiado pequeña para dar cabida a todos los fieles. La construcción de una nueva catedral se inició en 1939, pero no se terminó hasta 1975.

Véase también
Iglesia católica
Catedral de Santa Lucía de Colombo
Catedral de Santa María (Galle)

Referencias

Catedrales católicas de Sri Lanka
Jaffna
Arquitectura de Sri Lanka del siglo XVIII
Arquitectura de Sri Lanka del siglo XX

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: What is the correct keyword for this line of code? The purpose of the code is to extract the a number from a text file which is assigned to a variable called 3;
The code:
with open(three) as f:
    the_list = [int(l.strip().split()[1]) for l in f]

Can someone explain the reason as to why the text file is abbreviated to the letter 'f'.
and the_list = [int(l.strip().split()[1]) for l in f]

A: It's just a short name. You can use any valid name you want following the as keyword. Here, a short, one-letter name is used because there is no need to emphasize what the name of the file object actually is.
The second line creates a list of integers stored in the second field of each line of the file. Your input file looks something like
foo 3
hello 17
whatever 0

which produces a list like
[3, 17, 0]

(l.strip() removes leading and trailing whitespace from the line; split() creates a list consisting of the whitespace-separated fields, which is indexed to grab the second field; and the result is passed to int to produce an int object from the string.)


WONDERWHEEL Recordings is back with another set of songs from it's diverse pallet of releases. OnNickodemus' DJ travels he met up with these fine MC's & producer Wriggly Scott (aka DJ Solo) for the making of"A DUBAI MINUTE" (release date Dec 2012). The experience working with them has been smooth & easy… they blend right in with the WONDERWHEEL family. Wriggly Scott is originally from the UK but has been residing in the Middle East for the last ten years. A self-confessed hip hop purist, Scott has become an integral part of the local scene working with similarly like-minded artists from the UAEand across the region. His latest release is an honest depiction of his influences since his formative years of growing up with hip hop in the early 90s to his years living abroad, teaming-up once more with his long-term collaborators Feras Ibrahim (aka Toofless), Jibberish and also the renowned local soul vocalist Hamdan Al Abri.
On the lead track 'Back And Forth' we hear a delicate jazz piano sample coupled with a thick bassline and hard, yet swinging drums reminiscent of A Tribe Called Quest. This provides the background for Feras Ibrahim's self-exploratory rhymes set above Hamdan Al Abri's mesmerizing harmonies. On the track 'Names' Scott combines slick instrumentation with loose percussion sequencing to provide the organic groove that is often missing from a lot of contemporary hip hop, whilst the two MCs trade bars skillfully. On the third track 'The Ish' he provides a lounge hip hop vibe whilst Jibberish laces the beat with humorous metaphors, questioning where is the soul in much of modern-day music.


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Terence Crawford: 154 is Not in My Immediate Future
By Manouk Akopyan
Published On Sat Dec 14, 2019, 10:38 AM EST
Terence Crawford will be fighting for just the third time as a welterweight when he takes on Egidijus Kavaliauskas (21-0-1, 17 KOs) on Saturday on ESPN at the Madison Square Garden in New York.
Crawford (35-0, 26 KOs), the WBO welterweight champion, still plans on campaigning at 147 even though he's having a hard time landing career-defining fights so far within the division.
"I'm currently at 147. I just got here. I'm not looking at it right now in my immediate future. My main focus is 147, but who knows what the future may hold," Crawford told BoxingScene.com in an interview."
Already a three-division world champion at 135, 140 and 147, many speculated the Omaha-native would jump up to 154 to challenge recently crowned WBO champion Patrick Teixeira for a title in a fourth division, but for now, that does not appear to be on the docket.
Crawford stands at 5'8" and would give up plenty of size to any of the active champions at 154. For starters, Teixeira is 3 ½ inches taller than Crawford and would weigh much more once he re-hydrates. But what the switch-hitting slugger lacks in length, Crawford makes up in skills in speed.
"I just need to be me and keep on beating fighters the way that I have been," said Crawford.
Top Rank head Bob Arum said he's rekindled relationship with Al Haymon, thanks to the recent dealings around the Deontay Wilder and Tyson Fury rematch. The pleasant talks with PBC could lead to the much-desired super fight between Crawford and Errol Spence Jr. once the unified champion from Texas resumes his career after a scary car crash in October, said Arum.
In Crawford's immediate future may also be Shawn Porter, a good friend of Crawford's who's maintained friendly relations with the fighter going back to their days as teens competing as amateurs for USA Boxing.
Crawford will first look to comfortably get past Kavaliauskas as he has his sights set on bigger fights in 2020 within the welterweight division.
"[Kavaliauskas] has a lot of experience and he's been in the ring with a lot of great fighters," said Crawford. "He knows what he's doing in there. He's no dummy. He can present a lot of different things to me. I just have to go in there and win the fight."
Manouk Akopyan is a sports journalist and member of the Boxing Writers Assn. of America since 2011. He has written for the likes of the Guardian, USA Today, Philadelphia Inquirer, Men's Health and NFL.com and currently does TV commentary for combat sports programming that airs on Fox Sports and hosts his own radio show in Los Angeles. He can be reached on Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn and YouTube at @ManoukAkopyan or via email at [email protected].
Egis Kavaliauskas
Crawford vs. Kavaliauskas
Comment by Santa_ on 12-14-2019
Hell no. At least fight Ramirez at 147 first.
Comment by landotter on 12-14-2019
154 may be too much. Crawford needs to wait out the other 147 fighters. He is a good money fight for someone. I think once the dam breaks and someone on the PBC side agrees to fight him, the other…
Comment by TexasCowBoy on 12-14-2019
Where is spence?????
Comment by Htown-Finest on 12-14-2019
Smart Move. Let them PBC queers keep ducking and move down or up
Comment by Pigeons on 12-14-2019
154 will be his max. Bob was hoping Adames would win that fight so he could have an in-house 154 lb. title fight for Crawford.


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Microsoft Teases Xbox Project Scarlett, Tons of Games, Keanu
Microsoft's upcoming gaming system, Project Scarlett, will hit stores in time for the 2020 holiday season, but details are scant, so much of today's E3 presser focused on games.
By Will Greenwald
June 10, 2019 12:01AM EST
(Photo by Christian Petersen/Getty Images)
LOS ANGELES—Microsoft led its E3 2019 press conference with games. Loads and loads of games
For a console generation about to roll over, the company's news about its upcoming system, codenamed "Project Scarlett," almost seemed like an afterthought, tacked on near the end of the presentation.
First, it doesn't have a name yet besides Project Scarlett. It could be Xbox Two, or Xbox Zero, or Xbox Infinity, or anything else. But even without a name, Microsoft revealed a very important detail: a launch date. Project Scarlett will hit stores in time for the 2020 holiday season alongside the next Halo game.
We even got a cinematic trailer for that game, which will be called Halo: Infinite. Master Chief is found floating in space, the Halos appear to have been activated or somehow destroyed, and humanity is in dire straits.
For hardware, Project Scarlett will use a custom CPU designed by AMD featuring Zen-2 architecture. It will use GDDR6 RAM and a solid state drive that itself can serve as a virtual RAM cache. The goal of Project Scarlett is to offer gaming with no loading times, and proposed resolution and framerate peaks of 8K and 120fps, with support for ray tracing. A comment about the console supporting "four generations of content" indicates backwards compatibility reaching back to the original Xbox, which would be in line with the Xbox One's current excellent backwards compatibility.
Of course, Project Scarlett and Halo: Infinite won't be coming out for a year and a half, and that's a long time for Xbox One users and their gaming PC siblings to go without games. That's why Microsoft showed off 60 other games planned for the Xbox One and Windows PCs, to be released over the next year.
Many games have already been announced, like The Outer Worlds, Minecraft: Dungeons, Star Wars: Jedi: Fallen Order, and Cyberpunk 2077. But there were still plenty of big announcements for Microsoft's console and PC gaming platforms.
To start, CD Projekt Red's Cyberpunk 2077, which has been in production for several years now, got a new trailer and a release date: April 16, 2020. It also has a celebrity attached: Keanu Reeves plays a major character in the game and made an appearance at Microsoft's E3 presser. He seemed very excited.
Double Fine Productions' cult classic Psychonauts is getting a sequel in the form of Psychonauts 2, and studio founder Tim Schafer also ended up on the stage to show off the game's trailer. This came alongside the announcement that Double Fine Productions is joining Xbox Game Studios, the latest in a string of developers that have come under Microsoft's gaming umbrella.
Reaching even farther back into beloved cult games, we got our first look at Battletoads. No representatives from Rare were present, but glimpses of gameplay indicate cel-shaded or otherwise 2D animated, cartoonish graphics for a brawler game that also features puzzle-solving elements.
Forza Horizon 4 is seeing its second major expansion in a surprising form. Lego Speed Champions brings Forza Horizon racing to a Lego world, where you can build your own Lego house and drive Lego versions of cars like the Ferrari F40 Competizione and McLaren Senna. The latter appeared in life-size Lego form onstage, the second McLaren Microsoft has shown off at an E3 press conference and the first Lego car.
The biggest surprise of Microsoft's press conference, however, came from Sega. After years of waiting, Sega's MMO Phantasy Star Online 2, released in Japan in 2012, will finally be coming to the West in 2020, in free-to-play form on Xbox One and Windows. This was an out-of-nowhere announcement on the same level as the Final Fantasy 7 remake and Nier: Automata reveals at Sony's 2015 E3 press conference.
Microsoft also announced a new version of the Xbox Game Pass for PC users. The $9.99 monthly subscription will be available to any gamer with a Windows 10 PC and provide a constantly updating library over around 100 games, similar to the library already offered to Xbox users with the original Xbox Game Pass. For gamers with both an Xbox One and PC, and a desire to play online with both, Microsoft also announced the $14.99 monthly Xbox Ultimate Game Pass, which includes access to the Xbox One and PC Xbox Games Pass libraries and the Xbox Live Gold service.
Microsoft reaffirmed its commitment to game streaming as a concept with Project xCloud, a game-streaming feature and service. Project xCloud will enable users to set up their Xbox One console as a game-streaming server, supporting remote play of Xbox One games on phones and tablets. The feature will begin a preview program this October.
E3: 8 Jaw-Dropping Moments From Years Past
I Need More Than a $50 Discount to Ditch the Xbox One S Optical Drive
3 Ways Xbox Can Win Over PC Gamers at E3 2019
The Xbox Elite controller is also receiving a surprise refresh with the Xbox Elite Controller Series 2. The new gamepad is similar to the original Elite controller, with adjustable analog stick tension, shorter trigger locks, three customizable profiles, and Bluetooth connectivity. It will be even pricier than the first Xbox Elite controller (but not quite as expensive as the Editors' Choice Astro Gaming C40) at $179.99 when it ships this November.
Project Scarlett might not have a name yet, but now there's a date and some specs to go with Microsoft's next game console, and a slew of new games and features to explore in the meantime. Keep an eye here for more coverage of E3 2019 when the floor opens on Tuesday.
Russia to Block 9 VPNs for Rejecting Censorship Demand
Battle Royale Mode, NPCs Coming to Fallout 76
Will Greenwald Senior Analyst, Consumer Electronics
Will Greenwald has been covering consumer technology for a decade, and has served on the editorial staffs of CNET.com, Sound & Vision, and Maximum PC. His work and analysis has been seen in GamePro, Tested.com, Geek.com, and several other publications. He currently covers consumer electronics in the PC Labs as the in-house home entertainment expert... See Full Bio
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Will Smith returns to rap: hear his first song in a decade
The Fresh Prince re-joins the party. Or should we say, Fiesta.
Posted By Dani Marsland 5 years ago
It can't be easy being Will Smith these days. Between his singer daughter Willow making moves to be the next Erykah Badu and hanging out with Jared Leto, and actor/rapper son Jaden Smith always keeping celebrity press interest high with his weird deep tweets and weirder clothing line, Will's own career is now overshadowed by his childrens' more relevant-to-2015 achievements. But Will's still been trying to revive his rap career - recently doing the odd impromptu performance on late night talk shows and name-dropping Kanye and saying they've spent time in the studio together.
Today we heard some new material from Will, his first track in ten years. It's not a Kanye collab, it's not even a US collab - nup, Will's taken things to Colombia, appearing on a remix of the electro-trop track Fiesta, by Latin Grammy-nominated dance group Bomba Estéreo, off their album Amanacer, out on Sony Music.
Above: Will and his Colombian crew.
The track witnesses Will Smith going in Big Willie Style in an awkward kind of Spanglish: "Hola mamacita / Go get me a beer-a / The track is the heat / I couldn't let the beat go by without a feature." Smith himself was the one who reached out to the group while on holiday in Colombia. Smith even references his own hiatus in the track, along with his former rap persona: "No gas in me, I'm a Tesla / Teach game, sensei, professor/ Will Smith, Estéreo, the Fresh One."
Bomba Estéreo's Simón Mejia said of Smith's guest spot: "When I was told that Will Smith wanted to collaborate on a remix with Bomba, I couldn't believe it. This opportunity to work with Will was beyond anything we have dreamed of. It's not a traditional featuring – it's just magic."
A music video for the remix has recently been filmed in Los Angeles. "We all had a blast together at the video shoot, and we want to thank Will for being so warm and such a pleasure to work with ... and for rapping in Spanish!" said the band of the shoot. Will himself set the bar for beach party videos with Miami, whether Fiesta will be able to achieve Miami levels of greatness remains to be seen. Listen to the track below.
Listen: Joey Bada$$ & Glass Animals – Lose ControlA hot hook up between the English psych-poppers and the US hip hopper.
Listen: ZHU feat. Bone Thugs-N-Harmony - Hold Up, Wait A MinuteBrass and bass: ZHU's jazzy new project continues to unroll in fine form.
ScHoolboy Q drops latest taste of his upcoming Blank Face LP and performs on Colbert
Continuing the story in Tookie Knows II: Part (2).
By James Schofield
Vanessa Elisha is defs the new R&B gal with latest single Girls
Oo-la-la.
By Jasmine Cookson
EP Walkthrough: SUPEREGO break down their bold new EP, Nautilus
On their sound-defying new EP, the Fremantle outfit test the limits of experimental hip-hop and its relationship with electronica.
Naderi on his debut single: "I'm really happy that I can do exactly what I want."
The Australian musician, who you may recognise from his work with Alison Wonderland and What So Not, releases the first side of his own project.
NT-based rapper BIRDZ takes us through his compelling debut album, Train Of Thought
Hip hop with plenty to say - as it should be.
Miguel Coffee Stunt
Miguel sings his sexy ballad 'Coffee' to a customer in an actual cafe.
By Dani Marsland
Nice Of U 2 Turn Up - Wondagurl
Some Wondaful tunes to kickstart your evening to.
Premiere: Narli and JK-47 celebrate their ancestors in the clip for Land
The new video clip represents the connection between different tribes coming together, and it's some incredibly powerful stuff.


The author is with General Motors Research Laboratories, Physics Department, Warren, Michigan 48090.
Infrared absorption by the water vapor continuum near 1200 cm−1 has been measured with a lead-tin-telluride diode laser over a 40.5-m optical path. The measurements were made as a function of temperature from 333 K to 473 K; thus, they overlap and extend previous measurements made at temperatures between 293 K and 388 K. Over the entire temperature range studied here, the continuum extinction coefficient increases quadratically with water-vapor partial pressure as expected for the relatively high partial pressures used in these measurements. At temperatures below 398 K, our measured extinction coefficients agree well with previously reported data. At higher temperatures, however, the extinction coefficient is almost independent of temperature and is substantially larger than predicted by empirical formulas. Values of the self-broadening coefficient for water vapor have been extracted from the experimental data, and a possible interpretation of the results involving both dimer and line-broadening effects is presented.


Features a removable, dishwasher-safe bowl for both accurate weighing and easy cleanup. Designed for the home cook who demands convenience and efficiency. Ideal for: weighing liquids, weighing chopped foods, weighing your options.
No liquid shall go unweighed.


Sadly, between a terrible cold that has left me wanting to do nothing for three weeks, and a debilitating addiction to Story of Seasons for the 3DS, there hasn't been much crafting happening in the last month.
Luckily, I was able to spend three days last week at the Creativ Festival in Toronto, Canada, which was a great way to get the crafty juices flowing again. The festival featured five days of hands on workshops and lectures, as well as a three day exhibit hall packed full of craft vendors. The workshops were definitely the highlight for me as I attended a wide range of classes on a number of different techniques, including chainmaille, crochet, needlework, and jewellery making. (More to come on all of these later!).
For now, here are a few pictures of my favourite parts of the exhibit hall.
All of the Crochet Crowd's workshops were held inside the igloo, which was a really neat idea, and gives you some idea of the scale, since it was large enough to easily accommodate chairs for 10-15 people.
Yarnspirations showed off its incredible Narnia-themed display, Yarnia, which featured a large number of creatures and characters from the Narnia world. My favourites were the small woodland creatures, who contain a ton of detail and show off a wide range of techniques.
The last thing that caught my eye was a Christmas tree covered in hedgehogs. I didn't catch who made it, but it was part of a competition where exhibitors were asked to decorate Christmas trees and attendees were able to vote on their favourite.
I absolutely must have a tree like this. I best get working on the hedgehogs!
What amazing creations you have captured. Can't believe I was unaware of this festival until you discovered it. Do I anticipate a yearly trip for you?


Our school community is very proud to share the first glimpses from our STEM Discovery Week activities at the school.
On Wednesday, we had the meeting with a professor from the Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences, Dr. Petras Kurlavichius. He talked to students about the different perspectives of being a scientist in the modern world.
On Thursday, we had a conference where students presented their research works. And on the same day, 6th form pupils visited The Centre for Civil Education with lesson about the geography of Lithuania.


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The Scenographia Americana (1768)
John E. Crowley
The Scenographia Americana corresponded closely with imperial optimism in 1768.
Save to PDF Print
A transnational landscape for early America
Visually retentive readers of Fred Anderson's award-winning Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766 (2000) will recall its centerpiece, the Scenographia Americana: or, A Collection of Views of North America and the West Indies . . . From Drawings Taken on the Spot, by Several Officers of the British Army and Navy, a twenty-eight print series of North American landscapes from Quebec to Guadeloupe, published in London in 1768. It is unquestionably the most impressive representation of Anglo-American landscapes in the eighteenth century, with no subsequent rivals until the publication of William Birch's Views of Philadelphia in 1800 or, more appositely, Joshua Shaw and John Hills's Picturesque Views of American Scenery (Philadelphia, 1819-21). Anderson and his publisher, Alfred A. Knopf, performed a much-needed service to scholarship in reproducing the series in full for the first time since the eighteenth century.
Assiduous readers of this journal will recall that its first issue featured a roundtable on Anderson's book. None of its participants mentioned the Scenographia Americana. Indeed, no reviewer of Crucible of War mentioned these landscapes, with the telling exception of my fellow Canadian historian Ian K. Steele. Something about the Scenographia Americana causes visual amnesia. The William and Mary Quarterly has never indexed the Scenographia Americana, despite publishing its prints as illustrations. My quixotic task here is to try to gain for this remarkable work more of the recognition it deserves.
The Scenographia Americana begins with views from Canada: Quebec City, the Montmorency Falls, Cape Rouge, the Gaspé, Rock Percé, the Miramichi Valley, Montreal, and Louisbourg (fig. 1). Then follow four views of cities in long-settled British North America: New York (twice), Boston, and Charleston. Next are four views of dramatic riverine landscapes in New York and New Jersey: the Jersey Palisades, the Catskills as seen from the Hudson, the Great Cohoes Falls on the Mohawk River, and the Passaic River Falls (fig. 2). The next two prints show the Moravian settlement at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and an imaginary scene of an American farm (fig. 3). The rest of the series shifts to the Caribbean, with four views of the harbor and city of Havana, two street scenes of Havana, one view of the British attack on Roseau, Dominique, and three scenes around Guadeloupe (one of a battle and two of the British occupation forces).
Fig. 1. After the conquest, the Montmorency Falls became the visual metonymy of the Quebec landscape. "A View of the Fall of Montmorenci and the Attack made by General Wolfe, on the French Intrenchments near Beauport, with the Grenadiers of the Army, July 31, 1759 . . . Drawn on the Spot by Capt. Hervey Smyth. Engraved by Wm. Elliot," in Scenographia Americana. Courtesy of the American Antiquarian Society.
What view of the world could consistently include the fortifications of Havana, the Passaic Falls, and a village on the Miramichi River? The answer is: a global perspective on the vastly expanded British Empire that developed after the Seven Years' War. Though some of its most striking scenes are of places in what would become the United States, the landscape of the Scenographia Americana does not fit an American national paradigm. (Perhaps for this reason, Crucible of War silently reordered the series, so that it began with the views of places that became parts of the United States: Boston, Charleston, and New York, and then landscapes in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania—in defiance of the series' table of contents.) The Scenographia Americana is implicitly an imperial travelogue through the British North American colonies, drawing eclectically on previously published visual narratives of events during the recently concluded war. While it has elements of a battlefields tour, its strongest emphasis was geographically scenic: how did places of British involvement during the Seven Years' War look?
In defiance of the war's narrative, the series takes the viewer down the Saint Lawrence from Quebec, passing by Louisbourg when chronology would dictate that it begin with the siege of that fortress in the year before the attack on Quebec. General James Wolfe's aide-de-camp Captain Hervey Smith drew the Miramichi valley, the Gaspé coast, and the Rock Percé while the invasion fleet sailed from Halifax up the Saint Lawrence to Québec in 1759. The series privileges scenic itinerary over historical narrative.
As a commemoration of victory, the Scenographia Americana has an oddly tranquil, picturesque quality (fig. 4). Why have views of three long-British ports where no battles took place? Why the scenes of waterfalls? Why so much dramatic scenery along the invasion route to Québec? Why such emphasis on the exoticism of Havana's peoples and vegetation? Why conclude with British military lounging at Fort Royal on Guadeloupe? For that matter, why remind British viewers at all that Guadeloupe and Havana had been given up in the Treaty of Paris after massive British losses to take them? The overall impression conveys satisfaction with the peaceful beauty of Britain's North American realms, with an aversion to conflict and triumphalism (fig. 5).
Fig. 2. In his Topographical Description . . . of North America (1776), Thomas Pownall wrote of the Hudson: "The Reader may imagine that the Scenes of this River must exhibit some of the finest Landscapes in the World; I thought so, and made many Sketches of the different Scenes." "A View in Hudson's River of the Entrance of what is called the Tapon Sea . . . Sketched on the Spot by His Excellency Governor Pownal. Painted by Paul Sandby. Engraved by Paul Benazech," in Scenographia Americana. Courtesy of the American Antiquarian Society.
Nearly all of the ScenographiaAmericana's prints had already been published as parts of shorter series issued during or shortly after the Seven Years' War. Captain Smyth had dedicated Six Views of the Most Remarkable Places in the Gulf and River of St. Laurence to prime minister William Pitt in 1760, when his war strategy still prevailed. Former Massachusetts governor Thomas Pownall had published Six Remarkable Views in the Provinces of New-York, New-Jersey, and Pennsylvania in North America/ Sketched on the Spot in 1761, shortly after his return from the colonies and just before he became commissary of British forces on the Continent. Lieutenant Archibald Campbell, royal engineer, had already published his views of Dominica and Guadeloupe in 1762 and 1764. In 1764, Elias Durnford, royal engineer, dedicated his Six Views of the City, Harbour, and Country of Havana to the Earl of Albemarle, commander in chief of the expedition to Cuba, to whom Durnford was aide-de-camp.
An apparent peculiarity of these earlier wartime series is their use of bi- and trilingual titles, including the languages of Britain's defeated foes, France and Spain. This multilingualism signaled a profound shift in Britain's cultural relations with the Continent: it had become a net exporter of graphic art. The publishers of the Scenographia Americana—John Bowles, Robert Sayers, Thomas Jeffreys, and Henry Parker—were among the foremost entrepreneurs of the British print industry, and Pownall's artistic collaborator, Paul Sandby, was a successful promoter of topographic landscape art. In the same year that the Scenographia Americana was published, Sandby helped found the Royal Academy (an institution dedicated to the improvement and dissemination of visual art in Britain), and he became drawing master at the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich. In these roles he helped redirect British landscape art toward recording scenes "on the spot" and trained British officers to do so wherever they went in Britain's newly global empire.
Fig. 3. This visual cliché, which disclaims authenticity, is early American historians' favorite illustration from the series. "A Design to Represent the Beginning and Completion of an American Settlement or Farm. Painted by Paul Sandby, from a Design Made by His Excellency Governor Pownal. Engraved by James Peake," in Scenographia Americana. Courtesy of the American Antiquarian Society.
Students of early America may also neglect Scenographia Americana because its most powerful appreciations of distinctively American scenes were drawn by Thomas Pownall, erstwhile lieutenant governor of New Jersey, governor of Massachusetts, and appointee to the governorship of South Carolina—all provinces represented in the Scenographia Americana. Pownall secured these appointments as a favorite of Lord Halifax, president of the Board of Trade, and he actively supported William Pitt's strategy of eliminating France's colonies in North America. His governorships allowed him military ambitions on a continental scale, and he took a keen interest in the strategic implications of North American topography. In 1755 he sent survey parties up each of the major rivers of northern New England, with orders to pay particular attention to waterfalls and riverine defiles. In that same year, Lewis Evans published his Map of the Middle British Colonies in North America and dedicated it to Pownall. As the prints from his drawings show, Pownall's military interest in topography was entirely harmonious with the practice of a landscape art that appreciated American scenery, especially its wondrous rivers.
Pownall was an arch exponent of a reorganized British empire that would have benignly integrated the American provinces' social and economic development—including their representation in an imperial Parliament. In 1768, the year of the Scenographia Americana, Pownall, now a member of Parliament, reiterated and elaborated these views in the fourth edition of his Administration of the Colonies, first published in 1764.
The winter of 1767/68 was the highpoint of British governmental optimism about administration of its North American colonies. The year before, Parliament had rescinded the miscalculated Stamp Act. Under the leadership of Charles Townsend, Parliament then devised a hopefully inoffensive fiscal program for the North American colonies and a specialized bureaucracy to administer it. Revenue would accrue from duties on imports to the colonies and be spent solely on their imperial administration. A new American Board of Customs Commissioners, based in Boston, would collect the duties. Townsend died in September 1767, but the Duke of Grafton, who succeeded him as de facto head of government during William Pitt's incapacitating illness, furthered Townsend's strategy of Parliament's systematizing colonial administration. New Vice-Admiralty courts in Boston, Philadelphia, and Charleston would enforce and adjudicate the actions of the new customs service's officers. A new Colonial Department, with Lord Hillsborough as its first secretary, would provide the colonies with a coherent administration for the first time. Lord Halifax had been urging such an administration since the late 1740s, and its program made sense to nearly everyone who thought about colonial government. Benjamin Franklin endorsed it. Vehement parliamentary denouncers of the Stamp Act, such as Colonel Isaac Barré and Edmund Burke, tacitly approved it.
Fig. 4. Despite the triumphalism of its caption, this scene mutes the implicit violence of its middle ground by framing it between a hunting party in the foreground and a sublime valley in the background. "A View of Gaspe Bay, in the Gulf of St. Laurence. This French Settlement used to supply Quebec with Fish; till it was destroyed by General Wolfe after the surrender of Louisburg in 1758 . . . Drawn on the Spot by Capt. Hervey Smyth, Engraved by Peter Mazell," in Scenographia Americana. Courtesy of the American Antiquarian Society.
The Scenographia Americana corresponded closely with this imperial optimism. Its sublime landscapes of the Middle Colonies linked them with those of the empire's vast accessions in Canada; together they implied a reassuring familiarity with the territories to be governed (fig. 6). The scenes from Havana and Guadeloupe reminded viewers that prosperous peace had succeeded fiscally ruinous war. Though Cuba and Guadeloupe had been returned in the peace settlement, the Free Port Act of 1766 authorized trade with Spanish and French colonies from Jamaica and Dominica respectively. The rising sun in the last print provides a subtly optimistic symbol of these liberalized trades by visually echoing the sun's rays in the stripes of the enormous Union Jacks flying off the transoms of three British ships returning home (fig. 7).
The optimism manifested by the Scenographia Americana was as ephemeral as the rising sun's rays. The cold light of day shown when word reached London in April that the Massachusetts General Court had endorsed Samuel Adam's circular letter condemning the Townshend Acts as taxation without representation. Lord Hillsborough, as secretary of the Colonial Department, instructed Governor Francis Bernard to require the General Court to rescind the circular letter, and he instructed the other governors to dissolve their colonies' assemblies before they had a chance to approve the circular letter. Both directives backfired. In June, threatening protests against the customs commissioners' seizure of John Hancock's Liberty propelled them to take refuge at Castle William and to request military protection, which arrived in October. After the Boston Massacre seventeen months later, Paul Revere commemorated these developments by publishing A View of Part of the Town of Boston in New England and British Ships of War Landing Their Troops! 1768, with a sarcastic dedication to Lord Hillsborough's "well plan'd expedition, formed for supporting ye dignity of Britain & chastising ye insolence of America" (fig. 8).
Fig. 5. A landscape of siege–during a campaign when forty percent of British troops died–has been succeeded by one of exurban leisure and exotic flora. "A View of the City of the Havana, Taken from the Road near Colonel Howe's Battery . . . Drawn by Elias Durnford Engineer, Etch'd by Paul Sandby, & Engraved by Edwd. Rooker," in Scenographia Americana. Courtesy of the American Antiquarian Society.
Revere showed no topographic interest in designing this print: he was creating iconic propaganda for anti-imperial militancy. British officials and military officers ceased constructing a landscape of the now-insurgent American colonies, though they continued to do so in other North American colonies. Yet to the bafflement of American cultural nationalists—such as Thomas Jefferson, the publisher Mathew Carey, and the painter Charles Willson Peale—indigenous efforts languished fitfully for decades.
In the development of a British global landscape, however, the Scenographia Americana was just an early example of a broadening effort. Over the next several decades many dozens of agents of empire—royal officials, army and naval officers, professional artists, and their respective spouses—made drawings of overseas scenes for reproduction back in Britain. From Quebec, military officers, cartographic surveyors, and officials' wives sent home watercolors and sketches for reproduction as engravings to show the newly conquered province's sublime rivers and picturesque countryside. Artists aboard Captain James Cook's voyages also created transfixing images of the Pacific's exotic scenery and peoples to feed a growing domestic appetite for images of global Britain. In the 1770s, for the first time British topographic artists extensively recorded Caribbean scenery and peoples. At roughly the same time in India, professional landscape artists were beginning to undertake systematic painting expeditions, and, in New South Wales (which would become Australia), naval and military officers and convicts began creating a visual record of antipodean peoples, scenery, and natural history.
Had the thirteen colonies remained a part of the British Empire their inhabitants would unquestionably have identified with this global British landscape. And they would have had a stronger, and earlier, visual appreciation of their landscape than would prove to be the case. Take Niagara Falls for an example. In 1760-61, while exploring Britain's newly acquired territory, a young British officer, Thomas Davies, made the first recorded on-the-spot drawings of the falls. Two of these drawings were published in 1768; they established the classic view of the Horseshoe Fall from the Canadian side. A sketch that same year by another officer, William Pierie, inspired Richard Wilson, Britain's premiere landscape artist, to paint The Falls of Niagara, which he exhibited in 1774 at the Royal Academy. A series of British officers in the 1780s and 1790s continued to sketch the falls, each seeking a new vantage point from which to represent them. In 1799, Ralph Earl, a proscribed Loyalist, would render the falls from his own observations, the first American to do so.
Fig. 6. This view of Boston, home of the American Customs Commissioners, showed the welcoming approaches to its port from the protective surveillance of Castle William. "A View of the City of Boston the Capital of New England, in North America . . . Drawn on the Spot by His Excellency, Governor Pownal; painted by Mr. Pugh, & Engraved by P. C. Canot," in Scenographia Americana. Courtesy of the American Antiquarian Society.
American landscape art of the early nineteenth century was largely a by-product of this late eighteenth-century British global landscape. This is something historians of American art have generally overlooked, tending as they have to focus on burgeoning American nationalism. But in doing so they are liable to the anachronism of neglecting the inherent cultural contingency of revolutions: revolutions depend on overthrowing a political regime, but the previously sustaining culture still has ineffable force. Appreciating the visual development of an American landscape depends on a transnational perspective on Anglo-American landscape art, an appreciation that attention to the Scenographia Americana may encourage.
Conversely, the Scenographia Americanais a stark reminder of the challenges facing British authorities in the aftermath of the Seven Years' War: they now possessed an empire that would require the accommodation of French Roman Catholics, the appropriation of an existing empire in India, the expansion of a slave regime throughout the Atlantic, and the quelling of rebellion within the most thoroughly British of Britain's overseas realms, the original mainland colonies of North America. By creating harmonious images of Britain's colonial periphery, the Scenographia Americana deflected attention from the growing burdens of empire.
The Scenographia Americana can be viewed at a number of libraries, including the American Antiquarian Society, the Boston Public Library, the Library of Congress, the Massachusetts Historical Society, the New York State Library, and the William L. Clements Library.
Fig. 7. "An East View of Fort Royal in the Island of Guadaloupe . . . Drawn on the Spot by Lieut. Arch. Campbell Engineer. Engraved by Peter Mazell," in Scenographia Americana. Courtesy of the American Antiquarian Society.
For an exceptional discussion of the Scenographia Americana, see Bruce Robertson, "Venit, Vidit, Depinxit: The Military Artist in America," in Edward J. Nygren, Bruce Robertson, Amy R. W. Meyers, Therese O'Malley, Ellwood C. Parry III, and John R. Stilgoe, Views and Visions: American Landscape before 1830 (Washington, DC, 1986), 84-87; this collection is the best book on early American landscape art, but see also Karol Ann Lawson, "A New World of Gladness and Exertion: Images of the North American Landscape in Maps, Portraits, and Serial Prints before 1820" (Ph.D. diss., University of Virginia, 1988) and Lawson, "An Inexhaustible Abundance: The National Landscape Depicted in American Magazines, 1780-1820," Journal of the Early Republic, 12 (Fall 1992): 303-30. The most comprehensive survey of topographic art of the United States and its colonial predecessors is Gloria Gilda Deák, Picturing America: Prints, Maps, and Drawings Bearing on the New World Discoveries and on the Development of the Territory That Is Now the United States (Princeton, 1988). The fullest description of the Scenographia Americana is still I. N. Phelps Stokes, The Iconography of Manhattan Island 1498-1909, 2 vol. (New York, 1916), 1: 281-95.
On the development of a global British landscape, see John E. Crowley, "A Visual Empire: Seeing the British Atlantic World from a Global British Perspective," in The Creation of a British Atlantic World, Elizabeth Mancke and Carole Shammas, ed. (Baltimore, 2005), 383-403; Crowley, "'Taken on the Spot': The Visual Appropriation of New France for the Global British Landscape," Canadian Historical Review, 86 (March 2005): 1-28; Crowley, "Picturing the Caribbean in the Global British Landscape," Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture, 32 (2003): 323-46; Barbara Maria Stafford, Voyage into Substance: Art, Science, Nature, and the Illustrated Travel Account, 1760-1840 (Cambridge, Mass., 1984); Bernard Smith, "Art in the Service of Science and Travel," in Imagining the Pacific: In the Wake of the Cook Voyages (New Haven, 1992), 1-40; Michael Jacobs, The Painted Voyage: Art, Travel and Exploration 1564-1875 (London, 1995); Timothy Clayton, The English Print 1688-1802 (New Haven, 1997).
Fig. 8. Unlike the viewpoints of the Scenographia Americana, no viewer could realistically imagine replicating Revere's pre-Montgolfier perspective. A View of Part of the Town of Boston in New England and British Ships of War Landing Their Troops! 1768. Engraving by Paul Revere after Christian Remick (Boston, 1770). Courtesy of the American Antiquarian Society.
On the Scenographia Americana's political context, see Lawrence Henry Gipson, The Triumphant Empire: The Rumbling of the Coming Storm, 1766-1770 (New York, 1965); C. A. Bayly, "The First Age of Global Imperialism, c. 1760-1830," Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 26 (1998): 28-47; P. J. Marshall, "Britain Without America—A Second Empire?" The Oxford History of the British Empire, vol. 2, The Eighteenth Century, (New York, 1998), 576-95; Eliga H. Gould, The Persistence of Empire: British Political Culture in the Age of the American Revolution (Chapel Hill, 2000). On the inherent instabilities of imperial hegemony, see Anthony Pagden, Peoples and Empires: A Short History of European Migration, Exploration, and Conquest (New York, 2001).
On the reorientation of early Anglo-American history from its proto-United States teleology toward transnational perspectives on the Atlantic World and beyond, see David Thelen, "The Nation and Beyond: Transnational Perspectives on United States History," Ian Tyrrell, "Making Nations / Making States: American Historians in the Context of Empire," Nicholas Canny, "Writing Atlantic History; or, Reconfiguring the History of Colonial British America," Journal of American History: The Nation and Beyond: A Special Issue, 86 (December 1999): 965-1155, 1015-44, 1093-1114; "AHR Forum: The New British History in Atlantic Perspective," American Historical Review, 104 (April 1999): 426-500; Heinz Ickstadt, "American Studies in an Age of Globalization," American Quarterly, 54 (December 2002): 543-62. Common-place demonstrated the potential of such approaches in its special issue on "Pacific Routes" (January 2005). The best history of British America from a transnational perspective is Stephen J. Hornsby, British Atlantic, American Frontier: Spaces of Power in Early Modern British America (Hanover and London, 2005). Hornsby's analysis uses a rich array of graphic evidence, including the Scenographia Americana.
This article originally appeared in issue 6.2 (January, 2006).
John E. Crowley is professor emeritus at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia. He is writing a book, tentatively titled Counterfeit of Empire, about the development of a global landscape in British visual culture in the period from the Highland Rebellion of 1745 to the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars. In rough chronological and geographic order, it studies the relationships between artistic and political interests in representations of landscapes in Scotland, England, Canada, the Pacific, the Caribbean, the United States, India, and Australia.
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Hazy chocolate lovers unite; Chocolate Haze by Royal Queen Seeds has combined the two to create a strain with sweet, delicious chocolate flavours. 20% THC levels and only 5% indica, Chocolate Haze makes for a great daytime smoke that can treat arthritis, stress and migraines so users can go about their day.
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In an ideal world, you'd grow Chocolate Haze outdoors and let it reach its full height without any interference. In the real world, unless you live in the warmest of Mediterranean climates, you're going to need to grow this strain indoors and even if you can grow outdoors, left to its own devices, Chocolate Haze can easily overwhelm a small growing space unless you get on top of plant training. Plant training is a fairly straightforward concept and there's plenty of information and help on the internet, but it does take confidence to get in and do it.
Chocolate Haze is a strain which doesn't let itself be rushed, needing about nine to ten weeks indoors and being ready outdoors around the end of October. The fact that this strain is known to have low resistance to mould means that growers need to be extra-vigilant about ensuring adequate ventilation (although frankly this is good practice in any case). You also need to be scrupulous about odour control (incredible as it may seem, there are actually some people out there who don't love the smell of chocolate) and to be prepared to satisfy a pretty big appetite for water and nutrients.
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text:
Q: Qt (C++), Add automatically a character after writing 2 chars (live editing) I'm quite new on Qt softw.
I would like to make a small program, for my internship.
I've made a textedit object for write a MAC Address (17 chars max so.).
I want that after writing 2 chars, when you write the third one, it automatically put a : before write the third char.
DC:R
   ^
so when you press R it puts before automatically the :.
I Hope I'm clear.

A: use QLineEdit instead of QTextEdit and use setInputMask function of QLineEdit to set a format;
setInputMask("HH:HH:HH:HH:HH:HH;_");

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Sister Singers Network is a cooperative web of feminist choruses and ensembles, composers, arrangers, and individual singers working together to support and enrich the women's choral movement.
Learn more about our Herstory.
Sister Singers Network goals, direction, and resolution of significant issues are determined by the membership. The business of the Network is discussed at open meetings, which we try to hold at least annually. Member choruses have up to two votes (and individual singer or composer/arranger members have one vote per person) at these meetings. During the period between meetings, the Steering Committee (which was created at the March 2002 meeting) works to implement the decisions of the membership and to meet the goals of the Mission Statement, responding to issues and opportunities that arise between meetings.
See Contact/Social Media for addresses.


The ZL30166 is a triple channel Clock Translator combining three programmable DPLLs / NCOs with four programmable precision synthesizers. Each channel accepts any frequency from 1kHz to 750MHz and generates any frequency from 1Hz to 750MHz to support any communication service over optical networks. For applications that require synchronizing to a 1PPS input, the ZL30166 supports a sync pulse/clock pair feature. Any of the inputs can be used for a 1PPS signal shared with any other input for a reference frequency. The output will be synchronized to the input reference and will be phase aligned to the 1PPS input. This unique feature allows a line card with a crystal to be used for synchronizing to a 1PPS input. This normally requires a PLL with a 30mHz bandwidth and TCXO. With very low power consumption, the ZL30166 operates from a single crystal resonator or clock oscillator supporting eight input references configurable as single ended or differential. It provides eight high performance LVPECL outputs and eight high performance LVCMOS outputs.


text:
Риба-метелик (Pantodon buchholzi) або пантодон — вид прісноводних риб, єдиний представник родини Pantodontidae. У природі зустрічається в тропічній Африці, використовується як акваріумна риба.

Зовнішній вигляд
Ця маленька рибка завдовжки лише 10-12 см, є родичем таких гігантів прісних вод, як арапаїма, представника родини араванових. Основні морфологічні відмінності риби-метелика від її найближчих родичів, крім розміру, полягають в будові черепа і в положенні черевних плавників, які в неї знаходяться під грудними, а не позаду них.

Приводом для назви цієї рибки послужили її великі, грудні плавці, які нагадують крила, а також здатність, вистрибуючи з води, пролітати невеликі відстані в повітрі. Дальність польоту планеруючої риби-метелика не перевищує 2-3 м. Грудні плавники при цьому залишаються нерухомими і відіграють роль тільки несучих площин. Літати подібно до птахів і метеликам, як думали раніше, рибки-метелики, звичайно, не можуть.

Незвично влаштовані у риби-метелика й черевні плавники. У кожному з них чотири променя значно видовжені, не з'єднані між собою перетинкою і направлені вниз, як довгі, тонкі пальці. Нижній край анального плавника у самиць прямий, а у самців з досить глибоким вирізом. Крім того, у самців середні промені цього плавника потовщені і утворюють трубочку, яка, напевно, є органом для внутрішнього запліднення.

Голова і тулуб риби-метелика зверху дещо сплощені, знизу тіло, яке навпаки, є закругленим на зразок днища човна. Рот великий і спрямований вгору. Спина і боки риби-метелика покриті великою сіро-зеленою лускою, з чередою смужок і плям, що утворюють правильний малюнок. Грудні плавники в середині майже чорні, по краях — світлі.

Поширення
Риби-метелики мешкають тільки в Західній тропічній Африці, в басейнах річок, що впадають в Гвінейську затоку. Найбільш часто зустрічаються ці рибки у великих стоячих водоймах, які заросли, в річкових старицях, але іноді зустрічаються і в маленьких озерцях, загублених в гущі тропічного лісу.

Спосіб життя
Велику частину часу риби-метелики плавають біля самої поверхні, підстерігаючи комах, що впали у воду. Але іноді в гонитві за здобиччю, що відлітає, вони вискакують з води, здійснюючи дуже нетривалі польоти.

Розмноження
Запліднення ікри у риб-метеликів відбувається, мабуть, не у воді, а в тілі самиці. Ікринки, що розвиваються, плавають на поверхні, там же тримається і молодь. Дуже цікавою є поведінка рибок під час нересту.

В акваріумі
В Європу ці риби були вперше завезені в 1905 р. У неволі риби-метелики приживаються добре. Для утримання цих риб необхідний акваріум невеликої висоти, але з великою площею поверхні. Для однієї пари потрібен об'єм від 50 літрів. Параметри води: температура 25-28°С, твердість dH до 10°, кислотність рН 6,0-7,0. Необхідна фільтрація води та її щотижнева заміна ¼ частини. На поверхні обов'язкова наявність плаваючих рослин та рослин, чиї листя досягають поверхні води.

Посилання
 Риба-метелик на сайті houseaqua.ru
 Риба-метелик на сайті nanofish.com.ua
 Риба-метелик на сайті zoofirma.ru
 Риба-метелик на сайті animalworld.com.ua

Риби Габону
Риби Камеруну
Риби Нігерії
Риби Екваторіальної Гвінеї
Риби Чаду
Араваноподібні
Акваріумні риби
Прісноводні риби
Тварини, описані 1876


All too often, we hear nightmares about customer service and how abysmal it is. No one listens, no one cares, they just want to take our money and screw the customer. It's great fodder for cocktail party and bloggers. Overlay this with the news reports on Toyota and their lack of responsiveness to customer complaints about problems, it's no wonder no wonder we are terribly cynical about customer service.
However, just when cynicism starts to take over, all of a sudden, we experience these moments of absolute surprise that enable cause us to pause and reflect. Customer service is not hard, it starts with caring about your customers. It continues with listening to what your customers have to say, not necessarily agreeing with them, but trying to understand the issue and helping them understand. That's great customer service. Sometimes we experience the awesome, customer service professionals who surprise and delight.
I have just had one of those experiences. For those of you who follow me, you know I'm an avid road biker. Yes, I'm one of those annoying people zipping through traffic, clad in lycra and bright colors, hoping I look halfway as cool as Lance Armstrong. Over the past year, I've been having trouble with my bike shorts. I've been wearing a hole in them in exactly the same spot (I'll stop the description there, describing further gets a little embarrassing). I carefully inspected the shorts, I bought new shorts and watched carefully what was happening. Somehow after about 15-20 rides, the mysterious hole would appear in exactly the same spot. I was really concerned, at $125-150 per pair of shorts, I could be burning through a lot of money.
I knew it wasn't a manufacturer's defect, but thought maybe the manufacturer had changed fabrics. I even admitted the possibility I might be sitting on the bike incorrectly. Last night, I had some spare time, so I went to the customer service tab at the manufacturer's web site. I left a polite, but concerned note, saying it didn't appear to be a quality problem on there part, but I couldn't afford to buy their product if it wore out so quickly and wondered if they had any suggestions.
Today, I was surprised—no shocked. Jeremy from Pearl Izumi called. He said, "Dave, I read your note, I'm really concerned about what's happening. Would you mind talking to me about the problem you are experiencing?" My first reaction was that I was blown away that someone had paid attention—I guess the poor experience most of us have tends to cause us to have low expectations about responses. Second, I was surprised about the speed of response, and Jeremy apologized about being slow, but said he had wanted to research some things before calling me.
We talked about the problem. Jeremy was upset that I was wearing a hole in my shorts so quickly. He said he hadn't heard a story like mine, and the shorts should last for years. He was worried about what was happening and wanted to help me. We talked for a while, he asked some great questions. I wanted to make sure that he understood that I really didn't consider it a Pearl Izumi problem, clearly it was something about the way I rode my bike. After a few minutes, he said, why don't you check the saddle, with the amount you ride, there might be something with the saddle that is causing abnormal wear on the short. He went on to explain checking spots that weren't obvious, but with my full weight, pedaling like crazy, might cause problems. His recommendation was a stroke of genius, I told him I'd check. He asked me to get back to him, he really wanted to make sure we were addressing the right issue.
Sure enough, it was the saddle, there was an alignment problem of less than a sixteenth of an inch, but it was enough that it caused the excessive wear on the shorts. I quickly fixed the problem and know that I can now ride without wearing out these expensive shorts. I sent Jeremy a note, thanking him for helping me out and expected that to be the end of the story. To me it was a great customer service experience.
Imagine my surprise, I just got a note from Jeremy: "Dave, we're shipping some new shorts out to you tomorrow–we want you to look good out on the road." What an incredible response! Clearly, the problem was not caused by them, it was caused by me and a small problem with the bike saddle. I was happy with solving the problem, but astounded by Jeremy and Pearl Izumi going way over and above what they needed to do help me out.
Fantastic customer service is not hard. It starts with caring about your customers. It continues with listening to them and helping them. Too many companies think customer service is about proving that it is not their problem, but the customers. They forget to help the customer solve the problem. Fortunately, the management team at Pearl Izumi and Jeremy believe customer service is about serving customers. What a novel and refreshing concept!
Jeremy and Pearl Izumi have created a lifetime customer and a raving fan! Those of you who are bikers or runners, buy their product–they stand behind it.
I only have one concern. I'm worried about lettng Jeremy down, it's the part about making me "look good out on the road." I'm not sure new bike shorts can do it–unless they have a burkha model in lycra–at least covering me up completely might help.
David, thanks for sharing a positive experience. This is a great lesson for every company and their sales team: take responsibility. It seems apparent that Pearl Izumi has developed a customer-centric culture within their organization and I suspect that the majority of customer concerns are handled in a similar fashion. Sales people should take heed of this too because their reaction time and approach to a problem influences their customer's decision to buy from them again.
Kelley, thanks for the comment. After having gone through a weekend looking to buy a new car and going through some of the worst sales nightmares ever, your comments on sales people taking heed is very timely! I'm still bouncing off walls from the terrible experience!
As always, your contributions are always great! Thanks very much.


text:
Iowa Wild Mid-Season Grades
Yesterday, we saw the assessment of the players on the right side of Minnesota's southern border. Today, let's see what's happening in the Land of Corn.
By 1sadclown Jan 16, 2015, 10:00am CST
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Tyler Graovac is one of few bright spots from the AHL Iowa Wild.
Bruce Fedyck-USA TODAY Sports
Yesterday, Hockey Wilderness posted the mid-season grades for the players on the Minnesota Wild. But there's a lot more to the Wild's organization than the NHL club. To get you caught up with what's going on with the Iowa Wild, here are mid-season grades for the Iowa Wild.
Johan Gustafsson
He's been worse this year than last year, and he ended last season with a sub .900 save percentage. He's not improving. Last season, everyone blamed his failures on learning the North American sheet of ice. That excuse has run out of mileage. Gustafsson is an RFA at the end of this season, and I expect the Wild to quietly let him return to Europe.
Zack Phillips
This is Phillips' third season of pro hockey. As a first round pick, he should be a top point producer, centering the first line or he should have graduated to the NHL like Coyle, Zucker and Granlund, who started their AHL careers at the same time as Phillips. Phillips has managed 5 goals and 8 assists this year. Tuesday night, he was a healthy scratch.
Kurtis Gabriel
In preseason, there was buzz that Gabriel would be among the first players called up when Minnesota suffered forward injuries. He can't be considered for a callup because his 2 goals and 1 assist in 28 games show that he's struggling with AHL level competition. But he's had 6 fights!
Passing grades
Tyler Graovac
I seriously love this guy. You saw how good he was when he was up with Minnesota. He's all hard work and taking the puck to the net. Even though he was with Minnesota for a few games, he still leads Iowa in shots on goal. He's a delight to watch. Not only is he "playing the game the right way," he is actually producing.
Michael Keranen
Keranen has an offensive flair that the Iowa Wild really need. He's the team's number one playmaker with 22 assists, and has been essential to the Iowa power play.
Zack Mitchell
For a kid in his first professional season, Mitchell has been playing like a leader on the team. He plays in all situations and performs well. His penalty killing efforts have been particularly outstanding.
Honorable mention: Marc Hagel
His contract is only with Iowa, so he is not eligible for a callup to Minnesota, but he's been performing well enough that he deserves mention. He makes smart defensive plays and contributes offensively.
(EDITOR'S NOTE: I assume Mathew Dumba (4-8-12; 32 SOG; +2) didn't make the passing grades part because he's ineligible on account of ascending to Valhalla.- Tony)


Constructing a wedding timeline completely from scratch can be totally daunting. There are so many moving pieces to coordinate. And of course photos are super important to you, or else you wouldn't hire us as photographers. We hear you, boo! Here are some helpful planning tips that we have learned through our many wedding days with our awesome couples.
Pro Tip 1 : Your portrait time should be an hour before sunset for the best golden soft light.
You know that time of day when the light is all glowy and warm? Yea, let's take photos then! This time changes throughout the year, so be sure to research when the sun sets on your wedding day specifically. Plan your ceremony to be finishing up an hour before sunset time. That way we can head outside/stay outside for portraits in the prettiest light. If that's not possible, have 'sunset' on the timeline, and leave at least 10-15 minutes for portraits during the golden hour. Those images are always our favorite.
Pro Tip 2 : Start with ceremony, and work backward, then forward from there.
It might seem counter-intuitive to begin in the middle, but really it's the best way to determine the timeline. You know you want to schedule your ceremony to end one hour before sunset (see, you're rocking this timeline thing already!). We will want to start at least 2 hours before your ceremony to cover getting ready and details. Hair and makeup should arrive even earlier, and be just about wrapping up when we arrive. Transportation and the end of the night reception have to be discussed with those vendors, but with a solid ceremony time everyone can plan accordingly.
Pro Tip 3 : Plan multiple photo times.
Cocktail hour is typically not long enough for everything you want to do: family formals, wedding party photos, portraits, not to mention get to the party! It hurts our hearts when we have to rush with just the two of you. Plan instead to do either photos before the ceremony, later during the reception, or both! Some ideas for this could be a first look together (our favorite – read why here), individual wedding party and family photos during getting ready, large group photos on the dance floor, or sneaking away for night photos.
Pro Tip 4 : ALWAYS pad your timeline.
Don't make your timeline so tight that any minor delay throws everything off. Wedding days are notorious for strange situations popping up (no matter how wonderfully planned it is). So give yourself a little break by padding your timeline with five minutes here and there.
Pro Tip 5 : Save time to explore your venue.
If you are getting married at a location that is known for its views and landscapes, make sure you build in time to take advantage of these opportunities. You decided to host the most important day of your lives here for a reason! We want to be able to capture all those special places that made you fall in love with your venue.
Pro Tip 6 : Give us time to photograph the reception room.
This is one area that couples usually forget to give us time for. We need to get into the reception room BEFORE any guests in order to take pictures of it untouched. This is another reason to do a first look. That way, we have more time during cocktail hour to get those gorgeous details and centerpieces. If you aren't doing a first look, we will need to peel away at least 10-15 minutes before your introductions and before guests enter the room.
We are always happy to assist our couples with planning the best time for photos – just ask! We are honored you chose us to photograph your wedding, and are here for you throughout the planning process. Let us know if you have any questions, inspiration, or just good news in the time leading up to your big day.


We are delighted to announce the list of successful applicants for Dunedin's Big Green Challenge 2012. It was a tough job deciding and the panel, consisting of myself and three members of the Sustainable Dunedin City Inc's committee, had a long and lively debate over our selection. There were many wonderful and inspiring project proposals and we regret that there wasn't sufficient funds to give a grant to all the fine applications we received. Look out for articles about the various projects in the community newspaper, The Star.
Generation Zero's Housing Project: To establish a model flat in studentville to show students and their landlords that living a low carbon lifestyle "doesn't need to cost the earth".
Karitane School: To harness the energy from compost to heat an out door shower at the beach.
Presbyterian Support Otago Family Works: To do two fruit tree harvests and hold four workshops on how to make preserves which will be shared among the participants, the tree owners and the food bank.
Permablitz Otago: Groups of keen permaculture gardeners will make edible gardens for community groups or individuals who are unable to make their own gardens.
Bud Law and friends: Making greenhouses and tunnels out of recycled plastic and timber to give to community groups.
St Leonards School Junior Class: to develop an orchard and do some native planting a the school.
Broad Bay School: To install a rainwater catchment system to be able to water the school gardens and the native plants being grown to regenerate the local stream.
La Leche League: To provide training for more volunteers to train as breastfeeding counsellors. Breastfeeding is an unrecognised "green" issue.
Be the Change Otepoti: Christopher Le Breton is a very experienced presenter of a course to motivate people to act on climate change which he will run for Dunedin residents.


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Q: How to remove single character from line read from file in C How can I remove the "@" from "@2" is a .asm file? My output is currently incorrect when read from the file, but when using just "2" it produces the proper binary result.
FILE *fp;
char buffer[256];
fp = fopen("Add.asm", "r");

if(fp == NULL){
    printf("Error opening file\n");
}
else{
    while(fgets(buffer, 256, fp) != NULL){
        buffer[strcspn(buffer, "\r\n")] = 0;
        printf("Buffer:");
        printf("%s\n",buffer);

        if(aOrC(buffer) == true){
            int changer = stringToInt(buffer);
            printf("%s\n",intToBinary(changer));
        } else if(aOrC(buffer) == false){
            char* jump = jumpBits(buffer);
            char* dest = destBits(buffer);
            char* comp = compBits(buffer);
            char* finalBits = finalBinaryC(comp, dest, jump);
            printf("%s\n", finalBits);
        }
    }
    fclose(fp);
}

The Add.asm file is below and from the nand2tetris project.
 @2
 D=A
 @3
 D=D+A
 @0
 M=D

A: Based on your output the @ comes always at the beginning of the strings. So
you can easily do this:
// str contains the string "@2"
puts(str + (str[0] == '@' ? 1 : 0));

If you want to remove a @ at some random position, then you should write a
function like this
char *remove_char(char *src, char c)
{
    if(src == NULL)
        return NULL;

    char *p = strchr(src, c);

    if(p == NULL)
        return src; // c not found

    // removing c
    memmove(p, p+1, strlen(p));

    return src;
}

Then you can call it like
char line[] = "abc@def";
puts(remove_char(line, '@'));

This would print abcdef


Register and get details about the Golf Grove and be the first one to book your best unit.
An exclusive neighbourhood surrounded by parks and rolling fairways, Golf Grove is a breath of fresh air from the hustle of everyday life.
Set in a family-oriented community, its 3 and 4 bedroom villas range from 2930 sq ft to 3365 sq ft of sheer serenity and elegance.Each villa reflects a wholesome family aesthetic,complemented by plenty of natural light and a profusion of fresh greenery right outside your window.
With an 18-Hole Championship Golf Course at your doorstep and an impressive range of opportunities for the whole family to stay fit, Golf Grove is conceived to promote well-being and harmony.Operated by Troon Golf, this 18-hole par-72 championship course is as challenging as it is stunning. Spanning 1.2 million sq m, the course meanders through a series of valleys and wadis with Downtown Dubai as its backdrop. With its close proximity to commercial hubs such as Downtown Dubai, Golf Grove saves your time on the daily commute and brings you closer to all the comforts and conveniences your family needs including schools,hospitals and metro stations.


Morning y'all! How many of y'all have been to the Superlift Off-Road Park in Hot Springs, Arkansas? My wife and I are thinking about a weekend getaway in a few weeks and she wants to tour and do her stuff one day, and the next day we would run the park. Soooooo, anyone ever been in there?
Suggestions for a stock '15 PW?
I've never been, I know their trail patrol truck is a third gen regular cab Power Wagon though so, that's cool!!!!
Not been, but went a couple summers ago to Hot Springs and wow was it hot! Not a great place to be in the summer.
I've never been there. But from what I've read and heard. Most trails are tight for a full size truck.
This is probably too late, but I was just there with my stock '17.
Most of the trails are too tight for the full size truck, but I found plenty of stuff to have fun on. I spent most of the day on a trail called "Squid" helping jeeps and such that high centered.
My wife has a 15 Rubicon on 33s and I have my Power Wagon. We are going to shoot again for the fall! When we go, I'll post up and hopefully we can all hit it!
Definitely let me know! My wife has a '12 JKU that I beat up on out there regularly!


Helmut's always keeps our future in mind and only uses what is needed to reduce our impact to the environment for future generations.
Ammonia cooling/freezer (together with more effective insulation material) enabling us to achieve cooling/freezing with 50% less energy.
State of the art "closed system" smokehouse, reducing exhaust smoke by 99%, thus reducing our natural gas usage by 35% with no need to "burn off "exhaust smoke.
Building materials (Zeroloc panels) with a high "sustainability" factor as panels can be easily moved and recycled.
Supports and encourages carpooling and bike riding.
Recycling bins for paper, bottles, cans, etc.


text:
Self-Perform
Civil-Industrial
LS Black Home Markets Federal Arden Hills Army Training Site
ARDEN HILLS ARMY TRAINING SITE
Owner: United States Department of Army & Airforce
Architect: Burns & McDonnell
Location: Arden Hills, MN
Size: 63,000 SF
Value: $18,000,000
Delivery Method: Design-Bid-Build
The Arden Hills Army Training Site and Readiness Center accommodates readiness training for three companies to prepare soldiers to meet their mission requirements. The new facility includes administrative offices, classrooms, kitchen and breakroom, training simulation space, an assembly hall, a weapons vault, a locker room, storage, and vehicle storage / maintenance bay spaces.
The design provides an interior environment that physically and visually separates training and operation spaces from public areas to accommodate community use. The repetitive soaring roof forms and clerestory windows allow daylight to penetrate deep into the facility. Structural design considerations included concrete foundations, load-bearing masonry walls and structural steel roof framing, including trusses in the main lobby, assembly and maintenance areas. The design complies with UFC 4-010-01, including the evaluation of supporting structural elements for blast effects on extensive glazing systems.
This LEED Silver-certified facility was designed to reduce operating costs and minimize the facilities environmental footprint. The project included multiple rain gardens to manage stormwater, geothermal wells for heating and cooling, and the extensive use of "daylight" to harvest natural light.
Owner involvement with teams from the Department of the Army and Air Force, including the Minnesota Army National Guard, were all key to the successful delivery of this project. The facility meets all Antiterrorism/Force Protection Standards established by the Department of Defense.
Employee Updates
Leadership Highlights
Copyright © 2019 LS Black Constructors, all rights reserved


ROOT WORDS/PREFIXES/SUFFIXES What are Root Words, Prefixes, and Suffixes? A root word is a word with no prefixes or suffixes added to it. A root word is the basic element, the base, of a word. Examples: Stop, cry, laugh, and turn are ALL root words. The root word of driving is drive. The root word of fearless is fear. The root word of undecided is decide. A prefix is added to the BEGINNING of a root word to form a new word. Adding a prefix to a root word can change the meaning of that root word. Examples: rewrite – the prefix re is added to the root word write Rewrite means to write again. preheat – the prefix pre is added to the root word heat Preheat means to heat before. untie – the prefix un is added to the root word tie Untie means to undo the tie. antisocial – the prefix anti is added to the root word social Antisocial means not social. © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.
A suffix is added to the ENDING of a root word to form a new word. Adding a suffix to a root word can change the meaning of that root word. Examples: jumped - the suffix ed is added to the root word jump Jumped means to have jumped in the past running - the suffix ing is added to the root word run Running means to be running in the present. biggest - the suffix est is added to the root word big Biggest means bigger than all the rest. smaller - the suffix er is added to the root word small Smaller means being littler than something else. A word can have more than one suffix. Example: The word willingly has two suffixes: ing and ly Try This! What is the root word in the word singing? a] sing b] ing c] sin d] singin What is the prefix in the word misguide? a] mi b] mis c] de d] guide What is the suffix in the word larger? a] la b] larg c] r d] er © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.


Q: How old do I have to be to learn to drive?
You can start driving on your 17th birthday!
Q: Can I start driving lessons before I pass my theory?
Yes, you only need your provisional licence. You will need to pass your theory before you can book your practical test.
Q: How do I get my provisional licence?
You need to get an application form D1, and a photo card application form D750. You can get these from any post office. Send them off and it will arrive on your doorstep a few weeks later! You can even apply for your provisional licence before you turn 17, 3 months before!
Q: How do I book a theory test?
You can book online through the DSA. You will need your driver number (on your licence) and a credit or debit card to pay. Be aware of sites that charge you an admin fee… go through the DSA and it should only cost you £31.
Q: When can I take my practical driving test?
Once you have your provisional licence and have passed your theory, including the hazard perception, you can apply for your test. You can also do this online through the DSA website. You will need you driver number (on your licence), your theory certificate number (on the top right corner of the certificate) and a debit or credit card to pay. Charges differ depending on when you want to do your test- evening and weekend tests are slightly more expensive.
Lessons are £25 per hour. If you buy a block of lessons there is a discount available, depending on how many you buy at time. Intensive courses are also a more economic way of learning to drive.
Q: Do I have the option of a female or male driving instructor?
Yes. We have a great team of fully qualified and experienced driving instructors, both male and female.
Q: What kind of car will I learn in?
We have a selection of fully adapted dual-controlled cars. Your driving instructor can tell you more when you have your first lesson.
We accept cash or cheques made out to LDA driving school.
Q: What car will I do my test in?
The one you have done all your lessons in! You will know how to manoeuvre the car and you will be used to it, making you feel more confident. You can take the test in your own car if you like, you just need to make sure you feel confident to and have you L plates clearly visible and an extra internal front mirror for the examiner.
Q: Do you provide automatic driving tuition?
Yes. We provide the option of learning in a manual or an automatic car.
Q: Can I have more than one lesson per week?
Q: Can I choose where I get picked up?
Sure! We are flexible… you choose where we collect you from and where we drop you off. Just arrange it with your driving instructor.
Q: How long will it take me to pass?
Completely depends on how quickly you progress. Most people who learn through LDA take around 30 hours or driving lessons, and practice at home too. The DSA recommend 40 hours, we like to save you money!
Q: What are the waiting times for a practical test?
Depends on the time of year, it can be one or two weeks, but can also be up to two months! So if you want to pass quickly, get your theory out of the way and book straight away.