text:
White house news, articles and information:
SHE'S BAAAACK! Ten radical ways the lawless left is planning to put Hillary Clinton back into the White House on January 20
11/27/2016 - Instead of stepping back for some self introspection after being handed a stunning defeat in the elections, the political left has declared that the whole world is wrong. These communist-leaning radicals now believe it's their job to correct the "errors" of the election by putting Hillary Clinton in...
Leaked email shows Monsanto Executive V.P. invited to 'Hillraiser' fundraiser to put Clinton into the White House for Monsanto's benefit
10/30/2016 - Wikileaks email 28657, part of the John Podesta email leaks, reveals that the Hillary Clinton campaign sought money from a top Monsanto executive to put her into the White House. See the email here. Hillary Clinton, known as the Bride of Frankenfood, is a longtime supporter of Monsanto, a corporation...
If Hillary Clinton seizes the White House, it will be an illegitimate, null and void THEFT of power... democracy OBLITERATED... America a FAILED state
10/21/2016 - In a little over two weeks, we're going to find out whether we have a country anymore. If Hillary Clinton seizes the White House, she will preside over an illegitimate, illegal dictatorship that was seized through massive fraud, collusion and corruption at every level. Without all the fraud, collusion...
FLASHBACK: White House claims IRS cover-up is a 'conspiracy theory'
9/19/2016 - The scandal spin never stops with the Obama administration, no matter how damning the evidence against it. A summer ago, reports surfaced that officials at the Internal Revenue Service had improperly scrutinized Tea Party and conservative groups who had applied for tax exempt status before the 2012...
Large coalition of environmental activists rally outside White House, demand EPA revoke glyphosate license
4/5/2016 10:17:27 AM - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is currently conducting a "registration review" of glyphosate to determine if the chemical is safe to use for another 15 years. For it to be approved, the chemical must be in compliance with the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, which requires...
White House says gun control will deter terrorists ... the same way government spending reduces debt
12/9/2015 - Don't worry, folks: the government is here to save you from all those nasty terrorists just looking for the next opportunity to traumatize you and your family – because they're jealous of your "freedom," of course. The only stipulation is that you must first agree to hand over your firearms to...
White House encouraging further terrorist invasion of America with emotionally charged hashtag push: #RefugeesWelcome
11/25/2015 - If the Obama administration is adept at one thing, it's trivializing some of the most complex problems and issues. The White House has once again turned to social media to push a favored issue, despite the fact that most of the American public and at least half the members of Congress are opposed...
White House now preparing for apocalyptic EMP blast that could end human civilization
11/24/2015 - Space weather scientists are shouting out and warning the world like never before. Earth has never been this susceptible to an electromagnetic pulse (EMP) that could blast from the heavens above and end human civilization as we know it. The apocalyptic news even has the White House prepping. The federal...
Rick Santorum vindicated!: Media, White House, Salon go soft on pedophilia
11/20/2015 - In 2003, Senator Rick Santorum was widely criticized for making a slippery slope argument about what can happen to a society and country once we turn away from Biblical morality.[1] A mere 12 years later the former-Senator's prediction has come tragically true. (Story by John Nolte, republished...
Reuters freaks out over China radio propaganda airing in USA, but says nothing about White House propaganda running the entire mainstream media
11/16/2015 - Did Reuters really just discover that the Chinese government-media apparatus is really nothing more than a massive propaganda machine? Apparently, judging by the nature of a recently published "investigative report" that claims Beijing broadcasts "China-friendly" information in the Washington, D.C.,...
Mizzou activist Payton Head a secret WHITE HOUSE operative?
11/14/2015 - Do the racially motivated protests at the University of Missouri seem a little too organized, a little too planned, perhaps even a bit canned? There may be a very good reason for that. It could be that everything going on now was planned, in advance, by the one guy who could honestly say he's an...
White House claims Planned Parenthood videos are 'fraudulent'; defends organ-harvesting abortion mill
9/8/2015 - As of this writing, the Center for Medical Progress (CMP) has released a total of four undercover videos exposing Planned Parenthood as a baby chop-shop operation that's illegally selling organs from aborted human babies – and in some cases, fully intact aborted babies – for profit. And...
White House openly condones harvesting of baby organs during partial-birth abortions
7/17/2015 5:23:13 PM - In the wake of a budding new scandal involving the harvesting and sale of aborted baby body parts by taxpayer-subsidized Planned Parenthood, the Obama administration has come out in defense of the organization and, by proxy, it's horrific, gruesome - and illegal - practice. As reported by Breitbart...
Monsanto may occupy the White House - A vote for Hillary is a vote for more GMOs, RoundUp, and glyphosates
6/22/2015 - Something truly terrible has happened in America. It didn't take place overnight, and the truth is that what went wrong happened so gradually -- so incrementally -- that most people didn't see it coming until it was too late. But I'm getting ahead of myself. I want to talk about two problems, actually,...
FTC caved to corporate pressure from Google - released documents reveal cover-up
4/10/2015 - Years ago, when Larry Page and Sergey Brin launched a little search engine they called "Google," no doubt they were thinking big. But surely they could not have envisioned that someday, their company would grow to be so rich and powerful that it had the ability to influence the outcome of criminal investigations...
Google has been wooing Obama for nearly a decade, and it's paying off
4/9/2015 5:58:08 PM - The founders and executives of Google have a great friend in the White House, but it didn't come cheap, and it didn't happen overnight. The same is true of Apple's executives. And the founder of Facebook. These tech giants have cultivated a relationship with President Obama for years - at a cost...
Freedom-loving Americans overcome deliberate White House censorship and oppression to achieve 100,000 signatures on medical choice petition
3/3/2015 - Despite the White House's extreme efforts to deactivate, censor and bury a petition calling for ban on medical coercion via mandatory vaccines, the health freedom community achieved a stunning victory today by reaching 100,000 signatures on this WhiteHouse.gov petition. Thank you! Share your celebratory...
EXCLUSIVE: Whitehouse.gov caught freezing vaccine choice petition to prevent signatures from reaching 100,000 threshold
3/1/2015 - A WhiteHouse.gov petition calling for the prohibition of laws requiring mandatory vaccines has been throttled by the White House, buried from public view and finally frozen for over 36 hours to prevent the petition from achieving 100,000 signatures, Natural News can now reveal. The petition, which...
White House trying to bury the vaccine resistance petition on WhiteHouse.gov
2/27/2015 10:42:42 AM - A petition initiated at WhiteHouse.gov which seeks to prevent federal vaccine mandates has likely become the target of intimidation by the administration through an effort to substantially diminish its effect. The petition, titled, "Prohibit Any Laws Mandating the Force and Requirement of Vaccinations...
Obama Administration controls press-pool reports, determining what information journalists are allowed to share
10/21/2014 - Veteran Washington journalists and reporters, when they are being honest, will tell you that the current administration is the most political in modern history. Everything is about the proper messaging; optics are much more important, and policy is designed around perpetuating Democratic power. What...
Ministry of Propaganda: White House deploys Twitter 'strike teams' to shape Obamacare conversation
5/31/2014 - Good politics or an attempt to obscure problems with a bad law? That's the question surrounding the White House's latest efforts to sell Obamacare to a still-skeptical nation. On the fourth anniversary of easily the most controversial law Congress has passed in recent memory, the Obama administration...
White House admits staging fake vaccination operation to gather DNA from the public
5/27/2014 - The White House has officially admitted that fake vaccination programs have been used by the United States as a cover for covertly stealing DNA samples from the public as part of the so-called "war on terror." The aim of the scheme, carried out in the Middle East, was to use DNA analysis to identify...
Selective climate alarmism of White House ignores imminent threats of EMP attack, debt collapse and Fukushima catastrophe
5/9/2014 - The White House alarmism over global warming / climate change / "climate disruption" would be a lot more believable if it weren't so contrived. Of all the legitimate, imminent threats facing the continuity of the American way of life with its cheap money, cheap imports, cheap electricity, cheap fuel...
CDC, White House lied about American children and obesity: Here's the real science
4/30/2014 - Just weeks ago, reports in a number of media outlets declared that the battle against childhood obesity in the U.S. was turning in favor of our kids. On February 25, The New York Times reported that childhood obesity levels had fallen by double-digit percentages in a decade, according to the government: Federal...
News theater: Reporters rehearse questions in advance with White House Press Secretary
4/3/2014 - If you've ever seen a White House press conference, to the naked eye it looks a lot like a spontaneous evolution of questions and answers from intrepid reporters digging for answers from a press secretary who appears, at times, to be taken off guard by the queries. But is it all that? One local Arizona...
White House Climate Czar: 'Global warming causes extreme cold'
1/15/2014 - The recent cold spell that swept through much of the continental U.S. was the result of global warming, a new propaganda video put out by the White House claims. According to Obama's Science and Technology Advisor, Dr. John Holdren, the U.S. supposedly experienced one of its worst freezes in contemporary...
White House keeps moving Obamacare enrollment deadline as website's troubles continue
1/3/2014 - Are you required to have health insurance after Jan. 1? Are businesses with more than 50 employees supposed to insure each of them by now? What about options - can you keep your catastrophic coverage and your old insurance plan? All of these questions and more are now up in the air, thanks to the...
White House claim that Healthcare.gov will be working by Nov. 30th is a pipe dream
11/19/2013 - The White House has promised what IT specialists and computer programmers know to be complete BS - that the glitch-prone, hack-prone online federal Obamacare exchange, Healthcare.gov, is not going to be completely ready to go by the administration's promised Nov. 30 deadline. Reports are already...
White House orders health insurance companies to not criticize Obamacare
11/11/2013 - Just how cynical and oppressive is the administration of President Barack Obama? Just ask the CEOs of some of the nation's health insurance companies. According to one CNN reporter, they will tell you that the current regime is so adamant about controlling the narrative surrounding the Obamacare...
Breaking: Individual mandate of Obamacare will be delayed; White House still delusional about timeframe
10/24/2013 - NBC News is now confirming that the individual mandate of the so-called "Affordable Care Act" (Obamacare) will be delayed by the White House due to the disastrously failed Healthcare.gov website. The video of NBC News reporting this is included below. According to NBC, the deadline for beginning...
MSNBC a media puppet for the White House, says former producer
7/14/2013 - Newsies and political junkies already know this, but in case you didn't, certain news agencies have a distinct liberal bias. One of them, according to one of its former producers, is - not surprisingly - MSNBC. Jeff Cohen, known through his regular appearance on the cable networks as a left-wing...
White House witch hunt of journalists spearheaded by CIA head John Brennan, says leaked email
5/28/2013 - The web of corruption, lies and deceit surrounding this White House and the Obama Administration in general continues to expand, as even the head of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), perhaps the world's most powerful spy bureau, may have played a role in violating the Constitution. According...
All three mainstream news networks are little more than shameless parrots for White House propaganda
4/13/2013 - Most Americans know that the three major broadcast networks - ABC, CBS, and NBC - are well-oiled echo chambers and propaganda arms of the current White House regime, but more are likely to become convinced by this latest example of what I like to call "talking points reporting." You may have heard...
Former White House press secretary admits he was ordered to lie about existence of drones
3/3/2013 - It doesn't happen often but every now and then a former government official has an attack of conscience - either that, or they are so arrogant as to believe no matter what they confess to, they're not going to be held responsible. Robert Gibbs, the one-time White House Press Secretary for President...
Sign the petition to demand White House, govt. buildings become 'gun free zones'
1/4/2013 - President Barack Obama has vowed to use the power of his office to seek sweeping new gun control measures to kick off his second term in January, a new petition posted on the White House's We the People website is calling on the administration to practice what it preaches for ordinary Americans. Specifically,...
Is Michelle Obama's 'natural food' campaign designed to hide the White House attack on organic food?
12/12/2012 - This article follows up on Mike Adams' devastating pieces exposing Dr. Oz and a coordinated high-level assault on organic food. http://www.naturalnews.com https://www.naturalnews.com/038157_Dr_Oz_organic_food_sellout.html How high does this assault on organic food go? Soon after her husband's...
Is Michelle Obama's 'natural food' campaign designed to the hide the White House attack on organic food?
12/4/2012 - This article follows up on Mike Adams' devastating pieces exposing Dr. Oz and a coordinated high-level assault on organic food. http://www.naturalnews.com https://www.naturalnews.com/038157_Dr_Oz_organic_food_sellout.html How high does this assault on organic food go? Soon after her husband's...
Liberal media, White House owes preppers and survivalists a massive apology in the aftermath of superstorm Sandy
11/4/2012 - In the wake of superstorm Sandy, preppers are the new prophets. Those who failed to prepare are the new homeless. For as long as we can all remember, preppers and survivalists have been derided by the mainstream media, labeled "kooks" and "wing nuts" for stockpiling food, water, ammunition, medical...
Benghazigate: Information leaks reveal Obama White House knew immediately about attack on Americans, ordered 'stand down'
11/2/2012 - In what is quickly shaping up to be the biggest and most serious Obama White House scandal since the fraudulent birth certificate fiasco, the recent attack on the American diplomatic outpost in Benghazi, Libya, on September 11, 2012, which resulted in four Americans being killed, has caused widespread...
White House chef says future food to be made from chemicals, not real food ingredients
7/30/2012 - Every two years, a consortium of Europe's most active minds converges at the Euroscience Open Forum to discuss the latest advancements in scientific research and innovation. But this year's meeting, which was held in Dublin, Ireland, featured a disturbing workshop held by White House executive pastry...
White House photographer beaten, arrested by police for filming abusive arrest of Hispanic
6/20/2012 - From an imperial presidency to ignoring laws to unimpeded 24/7 surveillance, it sure is beginning to look a lot like the Leviathan police state has replaced the constitutional republic our founding fathers risked everything to create. To wit: Mannie Garcia, an "award-winning and distinguished professional...
PEER sues White House for withholding documents from Monsanto-linked lobbyist regarding protection of GE crops in wildlife refuges
3/2/2012 - The non-profit advocacy group Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility (PEER) has filed a lawsuit against the Obama White House for refusing to comply with Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests that would potentially unearth the administration's direct ties to Monsanto and the biotechnology...
Obama White House OKs legislation allowing military to arrest, detain terror suspects on U.S. soil
12/17/2011 - The last time the U.S. military was employed in a domestic law enforcement capacity was following the Civil War, during the "Reconstruction" years when military generals ran the "lawless" Southern states. In short, this experiment in using the military as a police force was an unmitigated disaster....
White House plan to reduce prescription drug abuse falls short
9/11/2011 - A recent Reuter's press release reported the White House's announcement to look into curbing pharmaceutical drug abuse. It noted that psychotropic drugs, anti-depressants, and pain killers were the most commonly "abused." The article raised concerns over the larger numbers of pharmaceutical "abusers,"...
Whistleblower claims White House used CIA to perform hit jobs against political dissidents
7/2/2011 - Getting on the wrong side of a political fight can land you in the crosshairs of a White House smear campaign, at least that is what appears to have happened during the Bush administration years. According to recent testimony by former US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) officer Glenn Carle, the Bush...
5/10/2011 - The article which originally appeared here has been removed because it is no longer aligned with the science-based investigative mission of Natural News. In late 2013 / early 2014, Mike Adams (the Health Ranger), editor of Natural News, transitioned from outspoken activist to environmental scientist....
Obama White House says no to solar panels
9/14/2010 - Efforts to get the Obama administration to install solar panels on the White House roof have failed, according to a recent New York Times piece. Bill McKibben, leader of the environmental activist group 350.org, and his team met with White House officials recently to discuss installing solar panels...
Bush / Big Pharma conspiracy? White House to oppose open disclosure of clinical drug trials
9/19/2007 - The White House is taking steps to kill the FDA reform legislation recently passed in the House of Representatives that would require drug companies to publicly post clinical trial results so that doctors, researchers and the public could review them. According to a report in Inside Health Policy, the...
Drug Industry, Sen. Frist and the White House Conspired to Obtain Broad Liability Shield for Lawsuits Related to Pandemic Illnesses (press release)
5/9/2006 - Public Citizen Report Reveals Behind-the-Scenes Lobbying; Language Inserted Into Bill Without Lawmakers' Knowledge WASHINGTON, D.C. – Drug industry lobbyists conspired with the White House and Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist (R-Tenn.) last year to craft a sweeping liability provision that shields...
CounterThink Roundup: Fictional economic gains, canned hunting, and the Cheney blame game (satire)
2/14/2006 - The White House, always looking for an opportunity to claim good news where there is none, is touting new economic numbers showing U.S. retail sales surged 2.3 percent in January -- the largest monthly gain in over six years. This spending surge, the White House claims, is proof that the American economy...
See all 102 white house feature articles.
Bush Administration:
Bush Administration Censors Scientists In Order to Promote A Distorted, Politically Motivated Scientific View
Bush administration pressures Britain to oppose new laws limiting use of toxic chemicals in everyday products
Bush Administration blocks scientific report on global warming
Bush administration censored global warming research, say scientists
Monopoly prescription drug racket goes global with push from Bush administration, pharmaceutical companies
Social Security Administration admits all benefit payments are contigent upon endless cycle of debt
Inflation:
Food inflation on the rise - list
Astaxanthin: The Little-Known Miracle Nutrient for Inflammation, Anti-Aging, Athletic Endurance and More
Air traveler choked to death in police custody at Phoenix airport after being handcuffed, detained
Bush:
Bush Administration announces effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through "wishful thinking" (satire)
Warning signs of the housing bubble crash (part two)
Journalism:
University programs now funding drone-based journalism
Propaganda:
U.S. ends ban on government propaganda being broadcast to Americans
Ethics:
American Medical Association opposes mandatory vaccines: medical ethics statement
Pulitzer prize:
How the Washington Post lost its Pulitzer Prize by faking the news
Popular cigarettes found to contain toxic metals: Lead, Cadmium, Arsenic and Aluminum
Fraud:
CDC vaccine scientist who downplayed links to autism indicted by DOJ in alleged fraud scheme
USA Today columnist calls for arrest and imprisonment of vaccine skeptics
Concepts related to White house
Bush Administration Social Security inflation benefits security Bush house journalism USA Today national media propaganda ethics pulitzer prize paper news fraud USA people trash stories media newspaper trust antidepressants Prozac suicide depression drugs behavior man paranoia reports psychiatrist mental President corruption bad medicine President Bush prescription drugs intelligence pharmaceutical industry
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List of standardization documents, as a result of application of which is provided on voluntary basis, compliance with Federal Law of 30.12.2009 No. 384-FZ 'Technical Regulations on Safety of Buildings and Structures'
Federal law of 26.12.2008 No. 294-FZ
On protection of rights of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs in exercise of state control (supervision) and municipal control
On radiation safety of population
On protection of environment
Federal law of 21.12.1994 No. 69-FZ
Federal Law of the Russian Federation on fire safety
Federal law of Russian Federation on technical regulation
List of standardization documents which use on a voluntary basis ensures adherence to the requirements of Federal law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ 'Technical regulations for fire safety requirements'
On basic principles of labour safety in Russian Federation
List of standardization documents which use on a voluntary basis ensures adherence to the requirements of Federal law of December 30, 2009 No. 384-FZ 'Technical Regulations on Safety of Buildings and Structures'
On the security of the fuel and energy complex objects
Federal law on environmental expertise
On Standardization in the Russian Federation

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Daily Express - Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Express
The Daily Express is a daily national middle-market and conservative tabloid newspaper in the United Kingdom. Published in London, it is the flagship of Express Newspapers, owned by publisher Reach plc. It was first published as a broadsheet in 1900 by Sir Arthur Pearson. Its sister paper, the Sunday Express, was launched in 1918.
The Times - Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times
The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London. It began in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register, adopting its current name on 1 January 1788. The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times (founded in 1821) are published by Times Newspapers, since 1981 a subsidiary of News UK, in turn wholly owned by News Corp.
List of newspapers in the United Kingdom by circulation ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the...
Breakdown of UK daily newspaper circulation, 1956 to 2019. At the start of the 19th century, the highest-circulation newspaper in the United Kingdom was the Morning Post, which sold around 4,000 copies per day, twice the sales of its nearest rival. As production methods improved, print runs increased and newspapers were sold at lower prices.
History of British newspapers - Wikipedia
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In 1776 the number of newspapers published in London alone had increased to 53. The News Letter is one of Northern Ireland's main daily newspapers, published Monday to Saturday. It is the oldest English-language general daily newspaper still in publication in the world, having first been printed in 1737.
London Daily News - Wikipedia
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The London Daily News was a short-lived London newspaper owned by Robert Maxwell.It was published from 24 February to 23 July 1987. History. The London Daily News was intended to be a "24-hour" paper challenging the local dominance of the Evening Standard.
Daily Post (London newspaper) - Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Post_(London_newspaper)
For other newspapers, see Daily Post. The Daily Post (1719-1771). was a London daily paper begun on October 4, 1719 by printer in the Old Bailey, near Ludgate, with contributions from er Daniel Defoe. It was later printed by John Meres (a relation of Hugh Meres); Meres also became printer of the London Evening Post by 1737.
London Evening Post - Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Evening_Post
The London Evening Post was a pro- Jacobite Tory English language daily newspaper published in London, then the capital city of the Kingdom of Great Britain, from 1727 until 1797. The paper was first published on 17 December 1727 by Richard Nutt (1694-1780) on a tri-weekly schedule matching the primary post nights (Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday).
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New Zealand Peoples
Story: Chinese
The first immigrants
Later settlement
Post-war changes
The new immigrants
An evolving culture
Page 4. Post-war changes
James Ng
China's fight against the Japanese before and during the Second World War did much to influence public opinion in favour of the Chinese. Moreover, their contribution on the home front was appreciated. The national importance of market gardening was reflected in its classification as an 'essential industry'. In 1941 the Dominion Federation of New Zealand Chinese Commercial Growers was formed to help boost vegetable production.
From 1939 wives and children of Chinese men in New Zealand were allowed temporary entry as refugees from war-torn China. Rather than indicating a fundamental change of immigration policy, the more liberal residence requirements that were introduced in 1947 were prompted by humanitarian concern about adverse conditions in China, which was now wracked by civil war. Those granted permanent residence included wives and children who had arrived as refugees after 1939, New Zealand-born babies of the wives, and Chinese temporary residents and students who had been in New Zealand for over five years. They came to a modest total of 1,323.
This was the low-key beginning of a significant change, hastened by a Communist victory in China which brought the realisation among New Zealand Chinese that return to their homeland was no longer possible. From then on, a real Chinese community, consisting of families, could sink roots.
Greater security and standing in the community enabled families to prosper. By the 1960s many offspring had become successful professionals. This rise in socio-economic status, however, came at the same time as the community was rapidly losing its 'Chineseness'. The clearest sign was the loss of heritage languages, and the increasing use of English as the primary language.
Previous Next: Page 5. The new immigrants Next
Manying Ip, 'Chinese - Post-war changes', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/chinese/page-4 (accessed 18 January 2022)
Story by Manying Ip, published 8 Feb 2005, updated 1 Mar 2015
Sew Hoy, Hugh, 1901-1996


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As with other nutrients, Vitamin B12 is important in order to maintain a healthy, fulfilling lifestyle. Vitamin B12 has proven to be an excellent way to keep your mind at its best and keeping your nerve cells and red blood cells healthy and happy!


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Movie Review: A fable of fascism from Civil War era Spain, "The Bastards' Fig Tree"
Posted on May 29, 2019 by rogerinorlando
With Europe and America flirting with fascism in ways we haven't seen since the McCarthy Era, here's a sour and generally unsatisfying parable set in the Spanish Civil War to remind us of how these things go down and how quickly their lessons are forgotten.
Ana Murugarren's Spanish film, "The Bastards' Fig Tree," based on a Ramon Pinilla novel, is about a members of a fascist murder squad so shaken by a child who watched him kill his parents that he becomes a hermit and nurtures the fig tree the boy planted over their graves — for decades.
The promise of that title, of a modern man becoming a hermit to spare himself the revenge of a child who will grow up determined to avenge his family, is one of poignant reflection, repentance and maybe a hint of whimsy.
But it's hard to lighten the tone after we've watched Rogelio, played with a guilty grimace and a twinkle by Karra Elejalde of "Timecrimes," dispatch multiple "Reds" in the brutal late-night murder missions Franco's Falangists carried out against teachers, activists or anybody else fingered by a snitch whose motives were never questioned.
Rogelio wasn't an officer, he was just one of the trigger-men. The rich hidalgo in charge (Mikel Losada) did the driving. And sniveling Ermo (Carlos Areces) was the snitch, who denounced anybody whose land or house he coveted.
Don Pedro Alberto may declare, "We don't kill kids, and that's that," (in Spanish, with English subtitles) sparing the little boy (Marcos Balgañón Santamaría). But Rogelio knows knows better. He insists they shoot the child as well.
"You're going to kill me…in six years, when you turn 16, aren't you?" Rogelio demands of the child. "Have you chosen a method?"
The boy just fixes him with a "Danny doesn't live here Mrs. Torrence" stare — hate and accusation incarnate.
When the right wing hit squad took his brother and father, he slipped out after them. When they gunned them down in the rain, he watched. And when they left, the ten year-old spent all night digging their graves. He planted a fig sapling there to remember them.
Rogelio isn't exactly wracked by guilt and doesn't show a great deal of fear. But he takes the implicit threat in the child seriously. It's the wife of the newly-converted (insincere) Falangist mayor, Cipriana (Pepa Aniorte of "Volver") who gets in his head. She's sure he's had a graveside conversion.
"Our Lady spoke to you tonight?"
No, she didn't. No, he hasn't repented. No, the kid isn't speaking. So Rogelio fixates on that damned tree, which cows or wildlife might munch to death and Ermo is anxious to pull up. He takes on the job of ensuring it gets watered and becomes round-the-clock guardian of a fig sapling in a remote field outside of Getxo, Bilbao.
He abandons his murderous duty, but not his Make Spain Great Again hat, uniform or pistol.
He's entirely too profane and trigge- happy to admit it, but Cipriana knows.
"You're a hermit paying for your sins!"
Murugarren, an editor turned writer-director, finally hits on a tone that suits this dark but potentially comic subject in the ensuing decades of the story, as Rogelio becomes a famous "tourist attraction" hermit, adopted by the town but keeping the dark secret of why he's really guarding this fig tree.
His beard grows, the kid leaves home to go to seminary (at Rogelio's desperate, self-serving insistence) and festivals and fairs are thrown on his hermitage, this plot of land with the fig tree and two ugly reminders of Spain's past hidden beneath it. Pilgrims seek "miracles" at the hands of this cynical assassin, who never really reforms.
There are many places she could have taken this story of guilt, redemption, the lack of remorse of the "winners" and the short memories of everybody else. Perhaps they were all too conventional for the novel and the script she wrote from it.
What all concerned wound up with was a parable without a righteous payoff, a frustrating film that seems more aimless than it rightfully is, that plays darker than it wants to be.
As Rogelio takes on the hermit's rags, he almost grasps the search for truth that comes with the job. Questioning a priest is as close as "The Bastards' Fig Tree" ("La higuera de los bastardos") comes to delivering a moral to the story.
"What do priests do when they get the urge to kill?"
The priest answers, "Cause a war so others kill for you."
Mururgarren has made a "Belle Epoque" for time too dark to support it, a grim grasp at whimsy that isn't there and probably not the fable about fascism that Western Civilization needs or even wants to see right now.
MPAA Rating: unrated, graphic violence, nudity, sexual situations, profanity
Cast: Karra Elejalde, Pepa Aniorte, Carlos Areces, Mikel Losada, Andrés Herrera
Credits: Written and directed by Ana Murugarren, based on a Ramon Pinilla novel. A Dark Star release.
Movie Review: "En Brazos de un asesino" (In the Arms of an Assassin)


text:
Research Project and Seminar
This article describes a high school project on the Tuskegee Airmen that took place at Central Alternative High School in Dubuque, Iowa, in the 1997-1998 school year. It is adapted from a longer article that appeared in a publication of Expeditionary Learning/Outward Bound, Service at the Heart of Learning: Teachers' Writings, edited by Emily Cousins and Amy Mednick (Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt, 1999).
John Adelmann
I will always remember the day when high school sophomore Drew Brashaw gave a noontime address to the Rotary Club in Dubuque, Iowa. There he stood at the podium, resplendent in his black hobnailed boots and jeans, a black Rage Against the Machine T-shirt, with a lock of blonde hair dyed green sneaking out from under his cap worn backwards with the word "Rancid" sewn on it. Drew was there to answer questions posed to him by the local Rotarians about the Tuskegee Airmen Research Project his class was working on, and to raise civic and financial support for the effort. The Rotary President phoned me the very next day, and brushed aside my attempted apology for the featured speaker's sartorial splendor by saying, "John, it was good for some of our members to see Drew, just like that, and hear the knowledge he was able to present. Sometimes you just have to look past the outer appearance and understand that these kids want to be a part of the communitv as well. We were all very impressed with your presentation, and we want the students to come back when this project is over to tell us how things went."
In August 1997, the students in my class had never even heard of the Tuskegee Airmen. Six months later, they had published a book on the Airmen, organized a public seminar, and raised funds for an aircraft restoration to honor the Airmen. What follows is an account of how an academically-oriented service project accomplished far more than all but a few ever would have thought possible. What follows is a chronicle of how a class of at-risk high school students and a group of aging veterans of World War II came together in the spring of 1998 to celebrate their accomplishments and make some history of their own. What follows is a true story of how an audacious dream became a thrilling reality.
The Tuskegee Airmen
This expedition began for me with a personal phone call in June 1997. Having visited the United States Air Force Museum in Dayton, Ohio, several years ago, I thought it the appropriate place to continue my research on the famous all-black air force escort squadron of World War II, the Tuskegee Airmen. This inspiring story of men who overcame institutional prejudice and established a remarkable war combat record has been woefully underreported; our school district's history textbook makes a passing reference to Tuskegee Institute, and its founder, Booker T. Washington, but mentions nothing about the U.S. Army Air Corps cadets of World War II whose names are also linked to that town in Alabama. From my own learning, I knew the Airmen persevered in an era when blacks were deemed incapable of operating, let alone flying, frontline aircraft. Their determination to learn how to fly and to fight for their country during World War II, if only to prove they had the capacity and the willingness to do so, has become the stuff of legend.
In 1944, when the all-black 332nd Fighter Group finally was assigned escort duty to protect 15th Air Force bomber crews who flew the deadly skies of Europe and the Mediterranean, they knew they had "arrived." By now, the German Luftwaffe was launching desperate and deadly fighter opposition to stop these bombing raids, whose targets included ball bearing factories in Schweinfort; the infamous oil fields of Ploesti in Nazi-controlled Romania; and Berlin itself. While some fighter escort squadrons in the rest of the air force flew too far away from the bombers in hopes of running up their tallies of aerial kills, others flew too close to adequately intercept incoming Nazi fighters.
In reading the stirring accounts of bomber crews who were escorted by the men of the 332nd, I learned that the "Tuskegee Airmen"—what they came to call themselves some thirty years later—quickly developed a respected reputation in the U.S. Army Air Corps for always being on time, and always being in the best flying position to protect the bombers. In over 1,500 total combat missions, the Airmen never lost one American bomber to enemy aircraft. That combat record stands to this day. Several Airmen even sank a German destroyer using only their wing-mounted machine guns, an unprecedented wartime feat. In addition, 450 Airmen earned over 850 air medals and other citations for combat bravery and leadership.
The Air Force Museum operator in Dayton with whom I spoke was most pleasant but she did not know of any Tuskegee Airmen references at the facility. Then suddenly she exclaimed, "Wait, I know a man who's a trustee at the Aviation Hall of Fame here in Dayton, and he's a Tuskegee Airman. I'll get you his number." My next phone conversation with Col. Charles I. Williams—"C. I." to his friends—was a most remarkable encounter. "You get ahold of my friend Kenny Wofford up there in Minneapolis," he barked. "I'll let him know you're going to contact him. He'll tell you about the Red Tail Project going on up there, too." Red Tail Project? What was that?
Col. Kenneth Wofford was ready for me when I called. He said to contact him when (not if) we arrived in Minneapolis; he'd give us the grand tour. In early August, my wife and I met Col. Wofford in a Minneapolis restaurant parking lot, and then followed him to the headquarters of the Southern Minnesota Wing of the Confederate Air Force (CAF). With chapters throughout the nation, the CAF's mission is to preserve the nation's military aviation history by salvaging and preserving famous aircraft for future generations of Americans. The spry 75-year old Wofford then introduced us to Col. John Schuck, the director of the Red Tail Project. He told us of the latest aircraft restoration project sponsored by the CAF's Southern Minnesota Wing: a P-51C Mustang—the very make and model flown by the Tuskegee Airmen over southern Europe.
As I learned more about the restoration from John, Col. Wofford busily penned a Tuskegee Airmen bibliography for future reference. He also stressed the importance of including all the servicemen and women who comprised this segregated unit. "After all, pilots can't fly what isn't serviced and maintained," he observed. "Sure, the pilots got the glory, but only because of the support and dedication of the ground personnel." I was beginning to recognize the incredible potential of this project.
During my tenure at Central Alternative High School, many of my social studies classes have been characterized by their community connections. Long before Central adopted the Expeditionary Learning/Outward Bound (EL) teaching model, I was a firm believer in having our at-risk population work with and learn from local citizens, and then give something back to the community in the form of a book, a presentation, or some kind of performance-based project. All I had to do now was convince the latest crop of at-risk youth that they could do it: "you see, kids, we can write to the Airmen and create a research book compiling their responses (we'll get their addresses); make some speeches to generate public interest (like the Lion's Club and the Kiwanis Club); raise some financial support (just like we did for that South Florida family who got wiped out by hurricane Andrew in 1992, remember?); put on a public seminar at a local college; and maybe just invite a few Airmen to Dubuque!"
When school began in August 1997, the class was scheduled to meet for a two-period block for nine weeks. I called it "The Tuskegee Airmen Research Project." Offered as a class for one history credit, students could stay with the group for the second quarter, or move on if they needed to. I realized that the project would need to extend into the third quarter as well, to coincide with a nebulous idea of staging a public seminar in February, the culmination of the entire project.
The "Iowa Connection"
The HBO movie "The Tuskegee Airmen" proved to be an effective tool to help the students begin to learn about the obstacles these men overcame, but it paled in comparison to the personal contacts I made during the summer. The film was based on a true story, but the characters were composites with fictitious names; I had to find a way to make these individuals come alive for the class. When Col. Wofford sent us a list of twenty-five men and women's names and phone numbers, we were on our way. The one problem we faced, however, was that none of the names on the list were local folks. At least that's what I thought, anyway. But the Colonel had done his homework. "Work for the Iowa connection, young man," he exhorted before we left Minneapolis. I smiled and nodded, even though I didn't really understand what he meant. Until I got his letter.
Almost as soon as I announced the arrival of Wofford's letter, senior Tony Culpepper set himself to correspond with everyone on the list. He had no prior knowledge of the Airmen, but he instantly saw the wisdom in contacting each one personally to get their individual perspectives. As a class, we discussed questions that might be included in a good questionnaire. Before long, Tony got the idea. Eventually, he would quickly stick his head in the room for attendance, then disappear. He typically spent the entire two class periods in the learning center, hunched over the computer, typing away, crafting his questionnaire. He was in a zone.
When I asked the students what they thought of inviting a few Airmen to town, no one said it was a bad idea, but everyone had at least one question and was not shy about asking it. Would they even want to come? After all, most of these veterans are in their 70s. What would they do when they got here? Where would they stay? How much would it cost? Where would we get the money? In a small school such as ours, fund-raising was not one of our fortes. I translated student questions into project assignments, the first being to research accommodations. Christina Hinkel said she'd be willing to write letters to local motels, but didn't know how to construct a business letter. Now there was a purpose: to learn how to create a persuasive letter, and to make it look just right.
After considerable thought, I assigned myself the task of calling some Airmen and inviting them to Dubuque. At this stage, I felt I had the best overview of the project, and didn't want to have the Airmen decline to participate simply because a student couldn't answer all their questions over the phone. Near the top of the list was Airman Lee Archer, who was credited with being the Tuskegee Airman with the highest number of combat victories in the Mediterranean Theater of
Operations. He had also earned the Distinguished Flying Cross with sixteen Oak Clusters, and had flown 169 combat missions. (Fifty was the average number for white pilots, after which they'd be reassigned to less hazardous duty.) "Yes," he said, "the 23rd of February is open. I'll pencil you in right now."
Alongside the name of Tuskegee Airman Robert Martin of Chicago, Col. Wofford had typed the three-word phrase, "Dubuque school system." I didn't think much about it. Over the years, our city's ethnic mix had not included many African Americans; I simply could not imagine a Tuskegee Airman connection with it, directly or indirectly. But then again, they say an expedition is a journey into the unknown, right? When Airman Bob Martin came on the line, he exclaimed, "Oh, yes, John, Ken told me all about your project, I think it's just wonderful. How can I help?" I asked him what the cryptic "Dubuque school system" meant. "Why, I attended Lincoln Elementary, Washington Junior High, and I graduated from Dubuque Senior High School in 1936," he replied. I almost dropped the phone. "I was born in Dubuque, and my father was a podiatrist."
Another name on the Wofford list was Airman Joe Gomer, who grew up in Iowa Falls, Iowa, and was now living in Duluth. He agreed to join us, too, and cracked, "As long as you have something for me to do. I don't want to be sitting in my hotel room all day!" Airman Luther Smith, whose mother was a native Dubuquer (!), resided in Des Moines when the war broke out; these days he was just a stone's throw away in Pennsylvania. When I told him the local chapter of the Experimental Aircraft Association might afford him the opportunity to take a ride in a restored AT-6 trainer like the Airmen trained in, he responded, "Well, you won't have to ask me twice!" The genius of Col. Wofford's "Iowa connection" had become apparent. For good measure, we also invited Red Tail Project Director Col. John Schuck and his wife, Diane.
A Broader View of World War II
After watching "The Tuskeegee Airmen" and discussing its significance, the classroom became a beehive of activity. Students were beginning to make surprising connections between the Airmen and what they already knew about the World War II era. "Weren't we fighting against Hitler because of his racist policies towards the Jews?" asked Central senior Russ Lewis. "Yes," I responded. The belief that some individuals were inferior led to the creation of Nazi extermination camps. "But we were being racist against black people in America at the same time," Russ shot back. "I think we need to write about that, too. You know, compare Hitler's views and ours. Maybe we were just as guilty." "Good idea," I responded. "We'll turn that research paper into a chapter in our book." Comments and questions generated more comments and questions.
C. J. Patters groused, "Why did they call themselves 'Tuskegee Airmen'?" I pointed him to some reference material in the learning center on Booker T. Washington and the Tuskegee Institute, and suggested he begin his research there. "I think we need to know about what the Airmen thought about being discriminated against, and why they would want to fight for a country that didn't support them," Joey Burns piped up. I told him that he should confer with his research buddy Tony right away and make sure those kinds of questions got included in the questionnaire that soon would be mailed out.
"Were there any women pilots in those days?" asked Emily Sanders. My personal study revealed that Bessie Coleman was a dynamic black aviatrix in the 1920s. Even though Bessie had no direct relation to the Airmen, Miss Emily "found" her topic and never looked back. When I challenged her to see if a connection could be made to the Airmen, she concluded that Bessie could have been a role model for the black youth of that day and for the future cadets of Tuskegee. Therefore, she should be in our book. Go for it, I told her.
By now, some students were carefully studying several videotapes on the Airmen, including "Wings for This Man," the U. S. Army Air Corps's official account of the Tuskegee story narrated by Ronald Reagan. Others were reading and learning from the Airmen's responses that Tony was now receiving. And still others were developing their own topics—from what it was like to have to stand up and give a speech to what race relations in the United States were before World War II. Just as well, I thought, because in order for them to raise funds, the students would really have to know what they were talking about first. Study now. Raise money later.
The Dubuque chapter of the Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA) is composed of commercial and military flying enthusiasts. Many chapters, including Dubuque's, are sponsors of a special activity called "The Young Eagles Program." The goal is to provide free opportunities for two million young people to experience the exhilaration of flight by the year 2000. The "no cost" part of the deal particularly appealed to me. I made a few inquiries in mid-November and announced one day in class that whenever weekend atmospheric conditions were right, there would be an opportunity for any and all takers to ride in a real plane, courtesy of the Dubuque EAA. Four brave souls stepped forward, and soon became the Weather Channe#146;s biggest fans.
Unless their names appear in the police beat or their faces grace the sports pages, the opportunities for traditional high school students to get recognized in local newspapers are pretty slim; academic endeavors are rarely reported. For students who haven't experienced much academic success and attend alternative schools, where organized sports teams typically do not even exist, the chances of making the papers are virtually nil. Here were the makings of a great story: Central students discovering the thrill of flight and making a historical connection to the Tuskegee Airmen.
On a cold, crisp, and spectacularly clear December Sunday afternoon, a newspaper reporter and photographer showed up at the airport where the students were waiting for their flight. When the Monday morning edition of the Dubuque Telegraph Herald arrived, there—on the front page no less—was a color photo of Central student Jamaica Rupert and her buddies in the cockpit of a Cessna 150 with their head sets on, looking like they owned the airport. The headline read, "Central Students Identify with Airmen."
The students were now telling the story on their own, and the article was replete with great quotes. An interesting parallel between the perceptions the military had of the Airmen fifty years ago and the public's impression of alternative students today was not lost on Drew Brashaw: "These guys had something to prove. The world didn't believe that Black men could fly planes, let alone protect bombers. Sometimes it feels like we have something to prove, too, just because we go to Central. Some people think we're 1azy, and won't ever make anything of ourselves." Anthony Sproule added, "Yeah, these men had to fight to fight. They were fighting to stop oppression over there, but they were still oppressed over here." Co-pilot Jamaica added, "When you're up there in the plane, you're going 150 mph, but it feels like 10. The pilots in the P-51s went about 375 mph. I have so many things I want to ask the Airmen." Student Sarah Schmerbach put the whole day in perspective: "When you think of history, you think of dead people. This project is really helping history come alive for us. We're actually going to meet some of these men and talk with them. That's really exciting for something that's school-related."
In the meantime, Tony Culpepper and fellow senior Chris Coffman volunteered to give a speech to the members of the local EAA to raise money for our expenses. On the way to the meeting one rainy December evening, these intrepid researchers ignored my repeated suggestions to write a few things down to help organize their thoughts before they addressed the group. Neither presentation was very good. On the way home, their front-to-back-seat conversation focused exclusively on how they should have done a better job preparing and giving their speeches. I kept quiet and drove, listening to their impromptu critique session. If that wasn't brass tacks discovery learning, I don't know what was. (Evidently, the EAA audience saw past the halting addresses because they contributed $500 to the cause!)
At the start of the second quarter, my teaching colleague Tim Ebeling joined me. In order to help the students develop their public speaking skills, Tim set up a series of practice runs for students brave enough to venture into the community. "What makes for a successful and effective public speech?" Tim queried. "Well, you have to make good eye contact," said Amanda Greve. "You need to have a good introduction," added Chris Coffman. I stared at him intently, hoping to telepathically prod him into remembering and repeating some of those how-to-give-a-speech pearls of wisdom he voiced in the car. "You have to give people the idea that you know what you're talking about," quipped Sara Schmerbach. The students' responses became a rubric that served them well as they evaluated and critiqued each other's speeches before other volunteers ventured into the community.
The Research Book
Nowadays, some traditional high school students will submit essays with bloated margins and 18-point type which bleeds onto a second page by a line or two, add a cover page and submit it as a three-page report. Our students are no different. So, after establishing the guidelines of typing uniformity for the research papers (double-spaced, 12-point type, thank you), Tim and I set out to see how big this book would be. Sitting in our customary circle, we polled the students to get a conservative estimate for how many pages each writing project was.
In the world of an alternative education student, a book may not necessarily be judged by its cover, but the number of its pages always receives solemn consideration. On our first go 'round, we tallied up 139 pages! No one said anything, but I knew everyone was thinking: how big will this be when we're done? Remember, Tim said, this total doesn't include a page reflection from each of you, complete with your photograph; responses from Airmen yet to be received; and perhaps observations from some of you on what it was like to fly with Bill Fitch or give a speech to the Kiwanis Club. We no longer used the diminutive word "booklet" to describe the compiled research.
Everyone likes to get mail. Even teachers. Sadly, most of what we find stuffed in our pigeon holes at school quickly winds up in the circular file, er, recycle bin. But when hand-written envelopes began to appear in my box addressed to "Mr. Tony Culpepper," with return addresses from Airmen whose names appeared on the Colone#146;s list—and, as more students were discovering, in books about the Airmen—I had all I could do to keep from opening them up myself. I thought, those are autographed letters! If not already historicallv significant, they will one day be valuable to historians and collectors.
Tony was now getting several letters a week, so Tim and I had him pick out a few choice responses to read to the entire class. As Tony leafed through his groaning notebook, everyone sat rapt with attention. "Why would you want to fight for a country that didn't support you?," was one of many insightful questions Tony included in the questionnaire after talking with Joey Burns. "This Airman, a Mr. Watson, he writes that it was his country, and the letters in 'his country' are all capitalized," Tony told his mates. Laughing in anticipation, Tony sifted through more pages of the questionnaire and then continued, "Oh yeah, here it is. I asked him what went through his mind when he first soloed at Tuskegee. Mr. Watson says here, 'My only thought was, how in the hell am I going to land this thing in one piece?"' Students who flew with the EAA laughed the loudest on that one.
Tony continued, "He said that he is very glad we are doing this research." Here was an actual letter, written by an actual Airman, with actual answers to our questions. No longer depending on secondary sources of information for their study, now the students were making personal connections with the men who made history. Then Tony dropped a bombshell on all of us. "And Mr. Watson says he wants to buy a copy of the research when it's done." We had just made our first sale of a book that wasn't even in its final form yet.
The research book was evolving into something more than just a recitation of the Airmen's wartime exploits. The students wanted to tell the whole Tuskegee story, including what race relations in America were before and during the war; what Hitler's racial theories were, and how disturbingly similar they were to what was being practiced in the States; what is the Confederate Air Force; and what it was like to fly with the EAA, to list just a few topics. But writing to be read is easier said than done.
Tim deserves the credit for being tenaciously committed to the "joy of drafts and revision." Not everyone in the class possessed outstanding composition skills, and for some students, the specter of red-ink comments on their drafts was downright discouraging. On some days, a few students wanted Tim's head on a pole. As Tim saw it, "It is my job as a teacher of writing to assist the students in discovering their 'voice' ... The students wanted to be sure that their written words were precise and accurate. Because they had made personal connections with the Airmen, their writing was rich with emotion. To get students to write, they must believe they have something to say; there was plenty to say about the Tuskegee Airmen."
The Airmen and the Seminar
Airman Joe Gomer's flight from Minneapolis arrived on Friday, February 20, at about 4 p.m. The rest of the Airmen arrived on Saturday afternoon, and many of the students were on hand to welcome them at the airport, as were several Central teachers and more than a few local citizens who had been following our exploits from the get go. By now, the students had pictures of all the Airmen and knew them on sight. While they and their guests mingled in the airport lobby, I went away by myself in a corner and wept. In my wildest imaginings just five months ago, never could I have expected that all of this would be coming together so perfectly. On Monday morning, the four Airmen, along with Red Tail Project director John Schuck and his wife, Diane, spent time with the students in the very classroom where so much had taken place to get us to this day.
No one had any idea how many people would show up at the Marie Graber Ballroom at Loras College. Our Iowa winter had been unseasonably warm; storm clouds threatened rain. In the newly-built spacious ballroom, the students set up their display tables, complete with drafts, charts, scale aircraft models, correspondence, photographs, and of course, copies of the research book which could be purchased for cash. Above them, P-51 mobiles responded slowly to the air-conditioner. Made by students in art classes, these mobiles were later autographed by the Airmen and taken away as souvenirs. Additional Mustang aircraft were taped to the walls; when the mini-spotlights were turned on, every cardboard cutout was strikingly highlighted.
The television klieg lights and the din of the crowd gave the place an expectant rally atmosphere. Present in the crowd were long-time residents of Dubuque who came to say hello to the hometown boy-made-good, Bob Martin; bomber crew veterans who came to say thank you to the men who escorted their planes to the targets and back; students from the University of Wisconsin, Platteville; students from most of Dubuque's high schools and colleges; proud family members who marveled at what their Central students had accomplished; and former GIs and aviation buffs who wanted to shake the hands of the men who flew P-51s across Europe. Loras College officials later estimated the audience at nearly 900 people. That's more than four times the number of students in our entire school.
At precisely 7 p.m., Master of Ceremonies Christopher Coffman made his way to the podium to open the formal portion of the proceedings; the crowd noise ended abruptly. After welcoming comments by our principal and Loras College representatives, the students—reading from well-thought-out and profoundly moving speeches—introduced the Airmen and the Red Tail Project director. Each guest received a standing ovation as he took the podium and after concluding his remarks. Lee, Luther, Bob, Joe, and John all praised the students for their tremendous effort in researching and presenting the Tuskegee Airmen story to the public. The Airmen shared personal wartime experiences of discrimination and combat success, declaring that they were not bitter, but became stronger individuals for having gone through the experience.
During the question and answer period after the formal presentation, Dr. James Bowman rose from his seat in the audience and addressed the citizens of Dubuque. The retired assistant superintendent of the Des Moines public school system, Bowman too was a Tuskegee Airman, class of 1945A, who flew P40s and P-47s. "I am amazed by what I have seen here tonight," he said to the assembled throng. "Living in Des Moines, you hear stories about Dubuque, how this town is not very supportive of minority people, and that there isn't much to be expected here." (Indeed, our city had experienced some rather unpleasant racial strife in the 1980s that actually made the front page of The New York Times; despite the fact that the town's minority population was just about 4 percent of the total, some folks could not give up their prejudices.) "But what you have done here tonight is very important," Bowman continued. "You have made it your task to correct a historical wrong." He told me later, "What is even more significant is that you and most of your students are not African Americans. You made it a responsibility for the students to portray history accurately."
Retired General Benjamin O. Davis, Jr., was the commanding officer of the 332nd Fighter Group. We made sure he received a copy of the research book and a special videotape with all the local news coverage, plus a segment from Iowa Public Television. General Davis wrote to say, "Your students, in my opinion, did indeed capture the essential traits of the participants in the Tuskegee 'Experiment' that made them the greatest flying unit that it has been my privilege to command."
"One could say that the seminar didn't go exactly as planned," Amanda Greve and Tiffiny Green wrote for the "Alt," a weekly teen page in the Telegraph Herald. "More people showed up than expected. The students sold more books than anticipated, and they raised more than $3,000 for the Red Tail Project. We believe the Central students and the Tuskegee Airmen have this in common: They both exceeded the expectations others had set for them."
In fact, by the end of the school year, the students had raised $5,252 for the airplane restoration, and the State of Minnesota would be matching their dollar amount. Including revenue from all sources, the grand total generated by the entire project that year eventually came to about $13,000. A third edition of the research book is now being sold, and during the summer of 2000 it brought in an additional amount of almost $1,000 for the Red Tail Project.
Letters of congratulations continue to arrive at school. They are mostly written in long-hand by the Airmen who responded to the survey, by their wives, or by other family members. But because most of the students in the class were graduating seniors who have since gone on to the next phase of their lives, they probably won't read many of these letters. At first I felt badly about this, because the comments written to the students are so poignant and heartfelt. "You have told our story," is the common refrain. "I am telling everyone I meet about the students in Iowa who wrote this book."
But as I look back on the whole endeavor, I see student smiles when our goals were reached or surpassed; I sense the pride and workmanship that made the research book the impressive document it is; and I bear witness to the lives of students changed forever because of the incredible interaction they had with men nearly four times their age, but with whom they really had so much in common. The letters are just icing on the cake.
Soon after the school year came to an end, friends and even teachers from other schools came up to me and asked, "What are you going to do to top this?" My answer is that this project can never be equaled; it was a once-in-a-lifetime experience in a league all its own. However, given the same philosophy of teaching we have that insists on having students assume responsibility for their own learning, challenges them to overcome seemingly impossible obstacles, provides an opportunity for students to tell their story to a larger audience, and builds an attitude of service into the curriculum—whatever the topic is, we're in for some life-changing excitement.
A transplanted New Yorker, John Adelmann has taught social studies at Central Alternative High School in Dubuque, Iowa, since 1975. Currently, he is a member of the Minneapolis-based Red Tail Project Educational Advisory Board, whose mission is to combine the story of the Tuskegee Airmen with the restoration of the P-51 Mustang to inspire students nationwide.


Peter Kent has been headteacher of Lawrence Sheriff School Rugby United Kingdom since 1999, an 11-19 school of approximately 1000 pupils. He was the West Midlands lead for the National College for School Leadership for a number of years, contributing to guidance papers and NPQH modules on closing the gap and curriculum design. He was President of the Association of School and College Leaders from September 2014 - August 2015 and in 2016 was elected to the Executive of the International Confederation of Principals. He is a member of the Ethical Leadership Commission and currently chairs the Warwickshire Educ Challenge Board.


I've been talking for sometime about a couple of joint ventures I've been co-crafting, and finally I am able to go live and announce that I am happy to be working in a project called The MORE Mastermind with its creator, Victoria Casebourne.
Victoria and I met via a Facebook group. She's a mum with two small children and she was already pretty much sold on the idea of working school hours in term time only. And I've been saying for sometime that I wanted to work fewer hours too, why should it be only mums who get that?
She invited me to be part of her inspirational year-long mastermind group called MORE. She's passionate about helping mums (and dads) find a way to create their own income working from home as a better alternative for parents than trying to cram in a 9-5 job.
Victoria's got 15 years' experience in her own right of doing that and a fabulous track record with her business The Keepsake Association, and her next project is to take what she knows and share it with others who want to work for themselves, to accelerate their creating their own income, and to support them while they do it. She knows first hand what it takes, as do I.
For some time I've been looking for projects where I could lend my not inconsiderable business experience too, to help start-ups and young and even more mature businesses with what I know. I've already been working with Victoria and her team since the early part of the year while we put together the team for the project and ran the prototype. Now we're coming – ready or not! – and we are inducting our first 50 masterminders during May.
If you know you'd benefit from being in a year-long mastermind programme which offers lots of great stuff from which you can pick and choose, then take a good long look at what's offered inside The MORE Mastermind. Decide to join us before 31st May and you'll receive lots of valuable extra goodies worth the price of your membership alone. Early adopter? This has got your name all over it. We start after half term on Monday 6th June.
Victoria has asked me to play to my strengths – helping the team of Angels who support our mastermind members, inducting the members themselves, running the Facebook group (my absolute favourite thing in the world) and being available for having my brains picked in various Q&A drop-in meetings during each term. And that's just my responsibilities – there are many other fabulous and inspirational people ready, willing and able to help you and gagging to do it.
I like this idea of going back to working in term times, it's been a while, and today I was inspired to re-work my own calendar to work far fewer hours to make space for a life as I have encouraged so many mothers and fathers to do. After all, I'm just about to set off on my Beyond the Laptop Lifestyle adventure and what's the point if I risk being too busy to enjoy it?
I do hope we'll see you inside. And if this isn't for you or it isn't right now, do please remember to tell all those you know who are either floundering alone or just waiting for the right reason to start. That's us… The MORE Mastermind. Be, do and have MORE. Mindset, marketing and miracles. She had me at miracles.


Innovative approach, high quality customer service and a significant growth motivated by the ambitious goals are the key features that accompany us from the very beginning. Our aim is to provide the tailored solutions, that meet the needs of our customers ideally. Thanks to a strong and motivated team, we are currently on the road to successful development, leading us towards the top ranking in the country.


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Q: Pivot Table Number Ranges - Novice I am a complete novice to excel and having my first go with Pivot Tables.
I have sheets with lost of data mostly numeric, these sheets contain up to 80,000 rows and 25 columns.
I am using pivot tables to filter the data and have managed to get it going ok to give me the values I require.
However I would like to now add the ability to break down the filter ranges into numbers with between values.
For example I have one particular column with numbers ranging from -600 to +2450.
I would like to look at values between 35 and 180 for example without having to select multiple values in the filter and then tick every box i require.
Is this possible for a novice (I have no idea what or where VBA is having had a look around
IF it is possible would it then be possible to do the same for columns that contained a certain piece of text
Hope someone can help
Ian

A: this is how i would do it.
let's say your "one particular column with numbers ranging from -600 to +2450" is column A.
You can set a new column with the formula IF(OR(A*>=35,A*<=180),1,0),
drag the formula to fill the rest of the cells in the new column,
filter the new column for 1 and it should display all the rows where the values are more than 35 and less than 180.
if it doesn't work with the pivot table, try select all the data in the pivot table, copy and paste the data as values to a new sheet.
you can try it for text as well. just if you are searching for "APPLES" in a column A,
use IF(A*="APPLES",1,0) in a new column and filter out 1.
hope this helps.

A: For ad-hoc analysis, you could right-click on the relevant field header and select Value Filters and Between. This will save ticking/unticking every number in the range.
You can also group your data field. If you e.g. have the following pivot table layout:
Header1    Header2    Data
A          AB         1234
           AC         2345
           AD         3456
B          BB         4567

you can select e.g. AB-AC and right-click and Group... the items. This will add another column with the grouped Header2 fields:
Header1    Header2_2  Header2    Data
A          Group1     AB         1234
                      AC         2345
           AD         AD         3456
B          BB         BB         4567

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Rachel Pedersen (aka The Queen of Social Media) is the founder and CMO of the award-winning social media marketing agency The Viral Touch as well as the founder and CEO of Social Media United, a leading online university for those aspiring to become successful social media managers and strategists. Her students have each had their own tremendous success, securing clients, growing their skills, and leaving their 9-5s.
How Rachel made her transition from corporate to running her own social media marketing agency.
Why social media management is a great option for moms (and dads).
The mindset shifts needed to use social media for your clients.
The pitfalls of newbie social media managers.
How Social Media United can help you get started.


Author Lois Young-Tulin writes a tribute to her beloved great-aunt, vaudeville, song and film star, Sophie Tucker, Sophie and Me: Some of these Days.
Almost 50 years after Sophie Tucker's death, there is still enough interest and fascination about her that another film, The Outrageous Sophie Tucker, an Innovative Films production, will be released by Meneshma Films on November 7. The documentary will include an interview with Lois Young-Tulin, Ph.D.
The director is Academy Award nominee William Gazecki, and the executive producers are 14-time Grammy Award winner Phil Ramone and Gene Schwam. Among the others interviewed are Barbara Walters, Michael Feinstein, Tony Bennett, Carol Channing, Bruce Vilanch, Shecky Greene, Paul Anka, Kaye Ballard, Chubby Checker, Connie Stevens, Mickey Rooney and more.
Though, the movie has had some early showings, it will officially debut on November 7 in 10 theaters in Miami, Aventura, Miami Beach, Fort Lauderdale, Tamarac, Boca Raton, Delray Beach, Lake Worth and Palm Beach Gardens in Florida. A Philadelphia debut is not known at this time. See the trailer here. More information at Meneshma Films and sophietucker.com.
"Lois Young-Tulin's book brought Sophie Tucker fully alive for me. Not just the sentimental old woman who reminded me of my grandmother on The Ed Sullivan Show when I was a child, not the tough dirty mouthed broad I got from imitations by Bette Midler, but the real Sophie. The loving, big hearted woman conflicted between family obligations and her God given drive to keep the songs and the cheers coming.
" I fell in love with the forthright way in which these two women forged a relationship. I felt as if I sat in the rooms of Sophie's Park Avenue apartment or in front row seats at the Latin Quarter chatting with them, hearing their secrets and longing to tell them mine. This is a wonderful book that comes from love and lands us in worlds almost unknown to us today; the worlds of burlesque, The Follies, Broadway, movies, nightclubs and concert halls through out the Western World and then some.
On Dec. 3, Ms. Prescott announced the launch of her new web site about her one-person show about Sophie Tucker, Some of These Days: A Jewish Woman's Journey Through Chutzpah, Passion and Pastry. Visit http://www.sophietuckersplayground.com.
When Lois Young-Tulin, Ph.D. (Wyncote, PA) decided to write Sophie and Me: Some of These Days about her special relationship with her great-grand-aunt, legendary singer, vaundeville, and film star, Sophie Tucker, she wanted to reflect on the star's influence on her and pay a long overdue tribute to her beloved Sophie. Additionally, Young-Tulin wanted to create a legacy so other women comics and entertainers would know what a trailblazer Sophie Tucker was for them. Tucker was an original, an early feminist, someone who "made trouble." The quote above, the inspiration to a young Lois, to pursue a career rather than "just be a housewife," indicates how Sophie was ahead of her time. Lois, now an established writer and teacher with a doctorate, has written a sensitive and touching portrayal, showing another side of this popular entertainer, who was known as "The Last of the Red Hot Mamas," her signature songs, Some of These Days, and My Yiddishe Mama, which didn't reflect her own life, and whose career as a singer, vaudeville and film star, who also appeared on TV, spanned more than 60 years. Yet, she took Lois under her wing like a surrogate granddaughter, and was a mentor from the time they first met in 1950 when Lois was 10, until Tucker's death in 1966. Though, the book was published in 2001, Lois is still receiving requests to speak about Sophie, indicating how the popularity of the entertainer has endured.
In 2005, The Jewish Women's Archive of Brookline, MA organized an event to honor its founding Chair Board Barbara Dobkin. As part of the program a montage of funny Jewish women such as Molly Picon, Fannie Brice and Sophie Tucker was presented, with people talking about the entertainers' contributions. From that event came the idea that more people should know about the legacy of these women. Two years later, the movie, Making Trouble, has been released. In addition to Picon, Brice and Tucker, Joan Rivers, Gilda Radner and Wendy Wasserstein are featured. Dr. Young-Tulin appears in the film talking about Sophie as the two legacy goals meet. The film is making the rounds of the country and was shown at the Philadelphia Jewish Film Festival on Saturday, March 22, 2008. Gail Twersky Reimer, the founding director of The Jewish Women's Archive, was the Executive Producer of the film. Producer and Director Rachel Talbot makes her directing debut after producing five acclaimed documentaries; Philip Shane was editor, while award-winning Joel Goodman was the composer.
The film has been an official slection in Silver Docs, San Francisco Jewish Film Festival, Boston Jewish Film Festival and Woodstock Film Festival and received Special Mention at Jerusalem Film Festival. For more information on the film and screening schedule see http://www.makingtrouble.com. For more information on the Jewish Women's Archive, visit http://www.jwa.org. To read more about Dr. Young-Tulin and Sophie and Me: Some of these Days, see the press page and the rest of this site.
(You can browse the book online!
Lightning Source, a division of Ingram Distribution.
Booksellers wishing to purchase the book should call 877-823-9235.


GLAUCOMA is one of the biggest causes of blindness in the world, but how do you know if you have it or if you are at risk? This World Glaucoma Week, Specsavers reveals the three main symptoms of the eye condition and who might be at risk of developing it.
Glaucoma occurs when naturally-occurring fluid inside the eye does not drain properly, causing a build-up of pressure in the eye.
In cases of chronic glaucoma - which develops slowly - it may not be noticeable, but in cases of acute glaucoma - which develops rapidly - pressure build-up can be painful.
To determine if you have raised eye pressure, your optometrist can carry out an eye pressure test using an instrument called a tonometer.
With chronic glaucoma, visual loss can initially be very subtle. It usually occurs just beyond your central vision, progressing slowly inwards towards your central vision and outwards into the periphery.
Most patients will not be aware of this visual loss, but it can be detected by an optometrist through the use of a 'visual field test'.
Acute glaucoma, meanwhile, may have other symptoms such as blurred vision and the appearance of 'haloes' or rings around lights.
Patients may not notice themselves if they have optic nerve damage, but it can be assessed by an optometrist through digital retinal photography.
This captures an image of your optic nerve, which can be used to track any changes that may occur over time.
According to Dr Best, there are two main factors that could increase the risk of developing glaucoma: genes and age.
Family history of glaucoma can put you more at risk of developing the condition.
People of black African heritage or who have higher levels of short-sightedness are also more at risk.
The risk of developing glaucoma increases with age, with two in every 100 people over 40 affected by the condition.
"The good news is glaucoma can generally be treated effectively if detected early and in most cases, a daily eye drop can be used for treatment," said Dr Best.
Glaucoma: Are YOU one of the THOUSANDS still undiagnosed?


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GMA says, 'Good Morning Texas' as part of tour across America
Wednesday, ABC's "Good Morning America" is saying, "Good Morning Texas."
Author: Kalyn Norwood, Abigail Arredondo
Published: 10:23 AM CDT July 10, 2019
Updated: 10:23 AM CDT July 10, 2019
HOUSTON — Some Texans had a chance to see some of their favorite Good Morning America anchors up close and personal. GMA was live from Texas on July 10.
The GMA team brought their show on the road to Houston. It's part of their pop-up tour across America.
The show filmed live from Discovery Green Park. It featured Houston native Michael Strahan, Ginger Zee and Lara Spencer.
KVUE's Kalyn Norwood was there to catch all the action.
On Wednesday's show, there was a big Deals & Steals segment with Tory Johnson. It turns out Houston is the city that buys the most Deals & Steals products.
VIDEO: GMA's Ginger Zee talks to KVUE
Zee took part in the Mesquite Rodeo in Dallas.
They surprised one local Houstonian who has done a lot for his community.
There was also a pit master cook-off with two local barbecue restaurants.
Zee had Texas BBQ from the Pecan Lodge in Dallas. She gave a big stamp of approval after eating a beef rib.
"I'm still full. Like you all do this regularly – I don't know if I could do it. Zee said "Seriously, I had a beef rib bigger than my head. I couldn't stop eating it though. It was smoked for 15 hours, it was so good."
Not only did the GMA RV stop to try some BBQ, but they even visited Buc-ee's, another famous Texas staple.
Buc-ee's is expanding to Alabama...again!
'Buc-ee's' beaver sign spotted in the Middle East
Buc-ee's claims nation's top spot for bathrooms again
Opinion: Let the truckers in, Buc-ee's
For Zee, she was happy to see other parts of the country.
"I felt like we were really doing the true road trip and we're going to keep doing this through the summer," Zee said.
You may spot them traveling around in the GMA RV. They're planning to visit several other cities over the summer.
Wanted man passes gas so loudly it reveals his hiding spot to police
'It makes you look over your shoulder more': Mountain lion spotted in Hutto community
UT-Austin will provide free tuition to undergrad students with family incomes below $65,000 starting in 2020


No more dry bird! Goin prepares the breast and legs with distinct cooking techniques, resulting in unbelievable flavor and texture for each part: The breast is brined overnight before roasting, and the legs are cooked in duck fat and left to confit until fall-off-the-bone tender. Ask your butcher to remove the legs and thighs for you.
Dried chiles de árbol are thin, red, very hot 3"-long chiles. Find them at Latin markets, specialty foods stores, and some supermarkets. Duck fat is available at specialty stores and some butchers.
Place whole legs and wings on a baking sheet. Rub chiles, salt, and pepper all over turkey; transfer to a large resealable plastic bag. Scatter herbs and lemon zest all around turkey in bag. Seal bag and chill overnight.
Preheat oven to 250°. Brush off herbs and excess salt from legs and wings.
Heat duck fat in a heavy 5-qt. pot over low heat just until melted and warm. Add legs and wings to pot and submerge.
Place turkey in oven and cook until legs are tender and a paring knife can be easily inserted into the thickest part of thigh, 3–3½ hours. Let turkey cool in duck fat at room temperature, about 2 hours. Cover and chill overnight. DO AHEAD: Confit can be made 3 days ahead. Keep chilled.
Coarsely crush allspice berries with a mortar and pestle. Alternatively, place in a resealable plastic freezer bag and crush with a rolling pin or the bottom of a skillet. Transfer to a large pot. Repeat with juniper berries, then fennel seeds. Place spices in pot.
Add salt, sugar, and 2 cups hot water to pot with spices. Stir until salt and sugar dissolve. Add onion, carrot, fennel, parsley and thyme sprigs, bay leaves, chiles, and cloves. Add 3 quarts very cold water and stir to combine. Place turkey breast in brine. Place a plate on top, if necessary, to keep breast submerged. Cover and chill overnight.
Preheat oven to 450°. Line a large roasting pan with foil. Set a rack inside pan. Scatter onion, sage, and thyme over rack. Remove turkey breast from brine. Pat dry with paper towels. Place turkey breast on top of herbs on rack.
Brush breast with melted butter. Season with salt and pepper. Roast turkey for 30 minutes. Reduce oven temperature to 300°, cover breast loosely with foil, and continue to roast until an instant-read thermometer inserted into the thickest part of breast registers 160°, 2½–3 hours total. Let breast rest for at least 30 minutes before carving.
Meanwhile, rewarm confit legs and wings in duck fat over medium heat. Remove legs and wings from fat; transfer to a large nonstick or cast-iron skillet and cook over medium-high heat until skin is nicely browned, about 6 minutes per side. Strain fat from pan and freeze for future use.
Carve breast; arrange on a platter. Place wings and legs alongside.


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Tag - drama
Going Local 4 (2015)
My play, Hands Down, will be staged as part of Buds Theatre Company's Going Local 4.
Hands Down is a comedy about a married couple that finds themselves facing off in a challenge to see who can keep their hands on a car for the longest period of time in order to win it.
The catch: whoever puts his or her hand down first loses the car – and the marriage to boot.
This year's Going Local comprises four short plays, including Dressing Up by Gwendolyn Lee, Don't Colour Outside Of The Lines by Jaryl George Solomon and The Untitled Funeral Play by Luke Vijay Somasundram.
There are four shows, as follows:
Fri, 26 June, 8pm, Tampines Primary School Black Box
Sat, 27 June, 7:30pm, Toa Payoh Central Community Centre
Fri, 3 July and Sat, 4 July, 8pm, Zhenghua Community Centre
Standard tickets are $20 while concession tickets (for students, senior citizens and national servicemen) are $15.
And if you're a PAssion Card Holder, you get 10% off ticket prices.
Book your tickets here. If you'd like to, you can read the 2012 version of Hands Down here.
Mon, 6 Apr 2015
38 Oxley Road
So there are calls for Lee Kuan Yew's home to be turned into a heritage site.
As always, I've got a better idea, ladies and gentlemen: Oxley Cultural Centre (OCC).
OCC will be an arts and cultural centre at which artists will stay at for residencies between a month to three months.
It'll follow the same concept as Toji Cultural Centre, where I had such a fruitful time during my residency back in 2013.
Food and lodging will be provided by the OCC, which will have a National Arts Council-appointed manager/administrator to handle finance matters, maintenance arrangements, residency rosters, events such as poetry readings, etc; a part-time chef to provide lunches and dinners for the artists; and other support staff, where required.
Rationale:
"When I'm dead, demolish it," said the man, in reference to his home.
But what would happen after is a foregone conclusion: A multi-storey condominium called 38 Oxley in its place – not exactly the most fitting tribute to one of the founding fathers of Singapore.
If we preserve it as it is, it'd be an insult to Lee, who specifically asked for it to be demolished.
His rationale for demolishing it was, ostensibly, to prevent an Ozymandian ending to a place where he must've had many happy memories.
"I've seen other houses," he said. "Nehru's, Shakespeare's – they become a shambles after a while."
This is the same man who once said that "poetry is a luxury we cannot afford".
Well, we can afford it now, after all that he and the old guard have done to build the nation – many thanks to them for that.
Right now, we've only got Centre42, the Writer-in-the-Gardens Residency Programme and the Pulau Ubin Artists-In-Residency Programme.
In the case of the latter two, they don't exactly provide spaces in which artists can reside for an extended period of time to work.
Extended interactions are important; artists work in solitude for much of the time – sometimes, not by choice, because the profession is as such.
More opportunities for working closely with other artists – at residencies and festivals for example, where artists work and live together – will help broaden perspectives and deepen understanding about crafts that take years to hone.
To pay tribute to the man in a respectful manner, we keep the house as it is, so there is room for memory and nostalgia, but we put it to another, better use – putting soul into Singapore through the arts and literature.
After all, Lee was always one for pragmatism. Putting 38 Oxley to practical purpose – as the OCC, in higher service of the nation – would've been what he'd've wanted.
Find out more about the Toji Cultural Foundation, and read what others have to say about their Toji Cultural Centre residency experiences.
Adventures in teaching Boom by Jean Tay (Part II)
Yikes! Very overdue but I'm going to post this regardless because I've been meaning to put it up.
So when we last left off, I was busy making the horses thirsty.
One of the ways in which I did so was to allow them to devise their own exam questions – in a structured manner, of course.
Without going into detail, I crafted the lesson with the objectives of making the students:
Revise the question requirements for the O-Level exams; and
Think about the issues in the particular passage, and thereafter the text.
While carrying out the lesson activity, this happened:
Student A: (reading out what he had written) "How does Tay create an atmosphere of me-lan-cho-lee –"
Student B: (from the other end of the classroom) "Eh, what melancholee – you think what, this one Indian food ah?"
Student C: "Ya lah, later you go to Lew Lian there the Indian stall you tell them, 'Uncle, I want two kosong and the curry you gimme melancholee one' and then you see what happen after that."
Temporarily could not take it because was laughing so hard, so had to tell the students to give me a moment to finish laughing before we carried on with the lesson.


The statistic presents the average annual wages of mobile food service employees in the United States in 2016, by state. In the same year, the average annual wage of mobile food service employees in Connecticut amounted to 22,233 U.S. dollars.
* Data includes only private owned establishments. Figures for Alaska, Rhode Island, South Dakota and the Virgin Islands were unavailable.


The Royal Central Hotel is in the central area of the Sunny beach resort in Bulgaria. All rooms are air-conditioned and have a balcony. Free WiFi is available in all areas.
The four-floor Royal Central Hotel has 126 rooms and three lifts, one of them is a panoramic one. All rooms are centrally air-conditioned and are equipped with a private bathroom and shower, satellite television and a balcony.
Half board includes a buffet breakfast and dinner. There is also a lobby bar with a terrace.
On the top floor of the Royal Central Hotel guests will find a small open-air swimming pool with free sunbeds or relax and enjoy a sauna and massage services (both with extra charge). There is also a fitness room (with extra charge). On the beach there are various sports activities – beach volleyball, water parachutes, wind surfing, water banana rides, pedaloes, sailing, paddle boats and rowboats amongst others.