text:
Thela Hun Ginjeet est la cinquième chanson de l'album Discipline, du groupe King Crimson, et qui a donné son nom à un single, paru en 1981. Son nom est une anagramme de la phrase Heat in the jungle ( danger dans la jungle), une référence à l'effervescence  des milieux urbains (le terme heat est un terme signifiant aussi, et, surtout dans le cas qui nous concerne, l'existence du crime et de la violence dans certains milieux).

À un moment de la chanson est audible une histoire vécue par Adrian  Belew . Il raconte la mauvaise expérience qu'il a eue dans les rues de Londres durant laquelle il se frotta accidentellement à des criminels de la rue. Lors des tournées de Discipline et de Beat, Belew improvisait lui-même l'histoire qu'il racontait, mais lors des interprétations plus tardives (comme sur l'album Absent Lovers: Live in Montreal), aucune histoire n'est racontée. Lorsque le double-trio la joue, en revanche, c'est l'enregistrement original, présent sur Discipline, qui est diffusé (voir l'album live VROOOM VROOOM).

Genèse du morceau
Après avoir été agressé dans la rue, Adrian Belew retourne au studio pour raconter sa mésaventure à Robert Fripp. Le récit a été enregistré alors que Belew s'apprêtait à enregistrer les paroles et c'est ce récit qu'on entend dans le morceau. Le titre du morceau est une anagramme de «  ».

Reprises
La chanson a été reprise par Les Claypool's Frog Brigade, sur leur album Live Frog Set 1 ; ces musiciens l'ont jouée en concert à plusieurs reprises.

Titres

Version 7 pouces
 Thela Hun Ginjeet (Belew, Bruford, Fripp, Levin)
 Elephant Talk (Belew, Bruford, Fripp, Levin)

Version 12 pouces
 Thela Hun Ginjeet (Belew, Bruford, Fripp, Levin) - 6:26
 Elephant Talk (Belew, Bruford, Fripp, Levin) - 4:43
 Indiscipline (Belew, Bruford, Fripp, Levin) - 4:34

Musiciens
 Robert Fripp : guitare
 Adrian Belew : guitare, chant
 Tony Levin : basse, Chapman Stick, chant
 Bill Bruford : batterie

Notes et références

Chanson interprétée par King Crimson
Single publié par Warner Bros. Records
Single musical sorti en 1981
Chanson écrite par Robert Fripp


text:
Q: why does the print command execute after the STDIN although called before it? I have a simple program
use strict;
use warnings;

print "Enter a number:\n";
my $number1 = <STDIN>;
chomp $number1;
print "Enter another number:\n";
my $number2 = <STDIN>;
chomp $number2;
if ( $number2 == 0 ) {
    print "error: cnt divide by zero\n";
}
elsif ( ( $number1 == 0 ) or ( $number2 == 1 )) {
    print "$number1\n";
}
else {
    my $div = $number1 / $number2;
    print "the result is: $div\n";
}

but i do not understand why the print(enter a number and enter another number is displayed after the STDIN).i get the following output
[612] perl test.pl
2
0
Enter a number:
Enter another number:
error:cnt divide by zero

A: $| = 1 at the beginning of the program

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Bishop Suter Memorial Art Gallery
The Nelson Provincial Museum is located at Town Acre 445, the same site as the original museum in 1842. Gateway to the region, the museum provides an insight into the natural and human history of Nelson. At its central city location, there are two main gallery spaces featuring permanent and temporary exhibitions, a classroom, museum shop and rooftop garden. Admission to general galleries is free.
The Nelson Provincial Museum ground floor gallery is devoted to local history. See the street map of the early township drawn on the floor. Various street names can be selected to bring up an audio-visual history of that street. The Museum has used their extensive photographic archive to good effect. Select Hardy Street to relive e the disastrous fire that burnt down the second library building.
Go inside and enjoy a wide range of exhibitions including a ground floor display about early Nelson. View some of their extensive archival photographic collection.
Anchor Stone
The artwork at the front of the Nelson Provincial Museum is the Anchor Stone, which is argillite (pakohe) quarried by early Māori in the Maitai Valley. The markings show it was used to anchor waka close to shore. It was found in the Maitai in the 1970s and installed outside the museum in 2005.
The Nelson Provincial Museum is located at the southwest corner of Hardy and Trafalgar Streets, at Town Acre 445. The museum is open daily. For more information go to www.nelsonmuseum.co.nz
Get a version feed of this page Print this page Last Updated 10/04/2018 10:54 am

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


They say that a pet never leaves your mind or heart –- and how can it when you spend all day at work picking strands of dog hair off your clothes? Pets bring us so much fun and happiness. It's a small price to have to pay to put up with always being covered in hair.
For those of us with dogs who mainly live inside, molting is a year-round occurrence, occasionally getting worse during the spring and fall. Animals who spend a lot of time outside, like working dogs and cats, will have two main molting seasons: at the end of spring as the winter coat falls out, and the beginning of autumn as the summer coat is replaced by the winter.
Regular grooming is the best way to help in the fight against pet hair. Not only does giving your pet a brush help loosen his skin and get rid of hair, but it also gives you quality bonding time and a chance to check over for any lumps, bumps, or heat. Grooming should be a frequent and even daily part of your pet's routine.
Your dog's coat type will dictate how he should be groomed: wire "slicker" brushes should be used on long-haired breeds, non-molting dogs need professional clipping every few months, and wiry types should be stripped when necessary. Stick to a grooming routine, and remove the loose hairs before they have a chance to fall out. Remember that all pets benefit from professional grooming services every now and again!
If your pet is molting excessively, keep a close eye on him, especially if there are other changes to his behavior. If you are ever concerned about your pet, take him straight to the vet.
A well-balanced diet can help your dog maintain a healthy coat. Feeding a diet rich in minerals, antioxidants, vitamins, and essential oils will improve the condition of your pet's coat. Omega-6 helps to stop the skin from drying out and nourishes and replenishes the skin. The skin stays healthy, and your pet can maintain active coat growth. Omega-3 helps to support outer-coat hairs, providing waterproofing and protection from the elements.
While changing up food won't eliminate molting, it will help your pet to grow a healthy coat. Remember to make any changes to your pet's diet gradually.
Make sure you have a decent supply of lint rollers for your clothes. Failing this, a large volume of sticky tape will work just as well. A vacuum cleaner that has enough suction power to lift hairs from the depths of your carpet is a must, as well as having a bag big enough to cope with daily cleanses!
Good grooming equipment is vital: Ask around at local pet store,s and see what other owners are using. The better quality your brushes are, the more hair you'll be able to remove.
Have you considered having a "pet-free" zone in your house, to try and minimize the number of hairs lying around? Keeping one room out of bounds can make a massive difference, especially if you often have visitors, or someone has an allergy. If you prefer that your dog has the run of the house, cover your sofas in throws or blankets, and make sure your pet has a comfy bed and encourage her to use it.
Central heating is just as bad for animal coats as it is for our hair and skin, so if you have suddenly started turning it up, that could be a reason your pet is losing a lot of hair.
And remember, dogs and cats who have a "natural" or outdoors lifestyle will molt less than those who live inside a house that uses lots of central heating. This isn't always the case, though -– some animals just lose hairs more frequently than others!
5. Dress like your pet!
In all honesty, it's probably easier just to buy clothes and furniture in the same color as your pet. Maybe this is where the saying about dogs looking like their owners originates from?


text:
First Cousin Once Removed
Filmmaker Alan Berliner documents his first cousin, the poet-translator Edwin Honig, as he succumbs to Alzheimer's.
Director: Alan Berliner
Actors: Barbara Estrin, Caryl Morris, Cheryl Kaplan, Daniel Honig, Edwin Honig, Eli Berliner, George Monterio, Margot Honig, Sophie Hawkes, Stuart Blazer, Susan Brown
Keywords:First Cousin Once Removed
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Please join us for the annual lighting of the Lou Moreno memorial tree in Kiwanis Park on 2019 Date TBD. This is a fun event with Christmas carols and hot chocolate.
Please remember to stop by the Christmas tree and wreath sale to pick out your tree!
Thanks to News12 for covering the event.


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Person of interest in Kristin Smart's 1996 disappearance arrested on weapons charge
Saturday, February 13, 2021 07:08:14 AM UTC
Paul Flores, a person of interest in the 1996 disappearance of Kristin Smart, was arrested on suspicion of being a felon in possession of a firearm Thursday morning, the Los Angeles Sheriff's Department confirmed Thursday.
Smart was a student at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo when she vanished while walking home from a party in 1996. Flores, who was also a student at the time, was seen with her, but he has never been arrested or charged. Police searched four locations in California and Washington state in relation to the case last February.
Read full story on Fox News
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Siddha Medical Faculty in Trincomalee to come under Colombo University
The Colombo government is taking steps to bring the Siddha Medical Faculty now under the Trincomalee campus of the Eastern University with the University of Colombo. Academics in the East blame the move as a design of cultural genocide by Colombo that seeks to undermine the traditional medical science of the Tamil country. The transfer of the Faculty to Colombo will be affecting the education in the eastern province, complains R.Thurairatnam, a member of the Eastern Provincial Council (EPC) in a memorandum sent to SL Minister of Higher Education.
Mr.Thurairatnam has appealed to the Higher Education Minister not to interfere in the EUSL administration for political gains and to serve the people of Eastern province without affecting their education.
58 students are now undergoing a three-year course in the Siddha Medical Faculty at the Trincomalee campus of the Eastern University.
The University Grant Commission has allocated funds to enroll 20 students every year for this course.
The EUSL administration is now led by a Competent Authority, a Sinhala person, who receives instructions from Colombo overriding the authority of the EUSL's Vice Chancellor, who is a Tamil.


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The United States energy efficiency industry will have to standardize projects before it can receive large-scale private financing, according to our recent Q&A with a senior manager at Citigroup. Meanwhile, commercial building owners are skeptical that energy efficiency retrofits will be financially worthwhile.


Morgan St Theater strives to reimagine frozen desserts, finding inspiration in a theme and the flavors of the season. Check out some of the many unique and delicious concoctions served at our events. If you seek a special dessert experience for your private event, this is a great place to see how far our imagination stretches!


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Since 1996, we have been entertaining and delighting Malaysians with great content. Over the years, we have evolved and now connect with our various fan communities across multiple platforms: radio, mobile, digital, social media, on-ground events, and talent.
Get to know our 11 brands.
SYOK is a multilingual entertainment application that offers listeners access to 85 online radio stations, a news channel, trending podcasts and videos, articles as well as exciting contests that offer great prizes. The app is available for free on the Apple App Store, Google Play Store and Huawei AppGallery. So, what are you waiting for? Keep yourself entertained 24/7 with SYOK!
Home of Radio, Music & Podcasts
(Aplikasi Radio, Muzik & Podcast)
(电台、音乐和播客的听觉享受尽在SYOK)
(வானொலி, இசை மற்றும் Podcasts இன் முகவரி)
10 – 49 year olds (Malay, Chinese, Indian)
Malay, English, Chinese, Tamil
Download Brand Profile
ERA is Malaysia's No. 1 radio brand, with a weekly reach of 5.6M on radio. The brand is famous for playing only the best chart-topping hits of today, and its line-up of the funniest entertainers in the industry.
Muzik Hit Terbaik (The Best Hit Music)
10 – 29 year olds (Malay)
View Brand Statistics
HITZ is Malaysia's No. 1 English radio brand, with a weekly reach of 2.6M on radio. The brand accompanies fans throughout their day, playing the best new music all day long with exclusive interviews and unprecedented access to the stars.
ALL THE HITZ, ALL THE TIME
10 – 29 year olds (60% Malay)
MY is Malaysia's No. 1 Chinese radio brand, with a weekly reach of 2.5M on radio. The brand brings fans the freshest new music, the best acts and many moments of fun and hilarity.
MY , 好玩! (MY so much fun!)
10 – 29 year olds (Chinese)
50% Mandarin | 50% Cantonese
With a weekly reach of 1.2M on radio, MIX boasts a huge audience base amongst English radio brands in Malaysia. The brand plays the best mix of music from the 90's and now and delivers daily entertainment news on the rich and famous to fans, while celebrating everyday life in a fun way.
Today's Best Music
25 – 39 year olds
LITE attracts 937K Malaysians weekly on radio. The brand plays a carefully curated playlist of relaxing favourites from the 80's, 90's and today while discussing topics that matter – real people, real lives, real stories.
Relaxing Favourites
35 – 49 year olds (professionals)
A strong No. 2 Malay radio brand in Malaysia, on a weekly basis SINAR reaches 4.6M fans on radio. The brand plays favourite hits from the 80's to today, with songs that make fans feel good and brighten up their days. It also covers the best in talk shows and inspiring real-life topics that are packed full of exclusive interviews.
Menyinari Hidupmu (Brighten Up Your Life)
25 – 39 year olds (Malays)
RAAGA has been Malaysia's No. 1 Tamil radio brand for the last 12 years since launching in 2005, with a current weekly reach of 1.5M on radio. The brand is dedicated to being the dominant information hub on Kollywood news and centre of conversation amongst Tamil audiences. RAAGA plays the best of Indian music, and is famous for its multi-talented bunch of entertainers.
Aaha… Sirantha Isai (The Best Music)
18 – 34 year olds (Tamil speaking Indians)
GEGAR is Malaysia's No. 1 East Coast radio brand, with a current weekly reach of 2.3M on radio. The brand is the East Coast community's key source of local news, entertainment and variety of local music.
Permata Pantai Timur (Jewel of the East Coast)
15 – 40 year olds (rural East Coast Malays)
Local dialects
MELODY is the third most popular Chinese radio brand in Malaysia, with a weekly reach of 1.1M on radio. It is a personality driven brand with an unprecedented Golden Chinese hits playlist that keeps a pulse on today, whilst reminiscing the joys of yesteryears.
强打好歌 , 强大资讯 (Best Music, Latest Info)
With its weekly reach of 353K Malaysians, ZAYAN appeals to the modern Muslim community by serving them with contemporary content consisting of the latest fashion, technology, entertainment, and lifestyle news, all the while still holding true to the timeless creed of their faith.
#indahdihati (Pure of Heart)
18 – 34 year olds (Modern Muslims)
GOXUAN is a cool, hip, digital-first entertainment brand that has a weekly reach of 339K Malaysians. It sets to connect and engage with today's Chinese digital natives through the creation of compelling online content that's distinctive and sharable.
够Fun (GO FUN)
ERA SABAH serving you the best local content, local happenings and events hosted by our homegrown talents. Airing locally 24/7 with a weekly reach of 104k listeners and 4.6mil monthly on social media, making ERA SABAH the NO 1 Malay Radio brand in Sabah.
10 - 29 year olds (Malay & Bumiputera)
90% Bahasa Sabah | 10% Bahasa Malaysia
HITZ SABAH, the No. 1 Radio brand in Sabah with a fusion of international and local content narrated by the local best. The brand accompanies audience by playing only the biggest hit, exclusive interviews with international stars and localized digital content.
10 - 29 year olds (Chinese & Bumiputera)
MY SABAH, a sister brand of Malaysia No. 1 Chinese Radio brand - MY Malaysia with weekly reach of 39k listeners and 840k monthly on social media offers the freshest hit, the current trend and content that appeals to the local Chinese both on air and on digital platforms.
MY, 好玩! (MY so much fun!)
10 - 29 year olds (Chinese)
Hosted by Sarawak's finest as we give you the best local content sprinkled with all your favorite hits while keeping you updated with what's happening locally. Get what you need 24/7 with a weekly reach of 173k listeners and 1.8mil monthly on social media, making ERA Sarawak the No. 1 Malay radio brand in Sarawak.
10 - 29 year olds (Malay)
90% Bahasa Sarawak | 10% Bahasa Malaysia
HITZ SARAWAK is the no. 1 English radiobbrand in Sarawak with a weekly listenership of 102k and 2mil monthly on social media. You can get the latest International and local news, exclusive interviews, fun localized digital content and of course get the best new music as HITZ Sarawak accompanies you throughout the day.
10 - 29 year olds (60% Malay)
MY SARAWAK is Sarawak's No. 1 Chinese radio brand because you can catch the freshest new music, local popular happenings and compelling digital content on air and digital and with a weekly listenership of 98k and 1.1mil monthly on social media it is no surprise that they are the number 1 choice in the Chinese market.


text:
Q: How to check if an element in arr1 exists in arr2 [BASH]? arr1 contains elements "a" "b" "c"
arr2 contains element "b"
if elements of arr2 exist in arr1, then do....
How would I write this?
something along the lines of
for x in arr1
do
    if [ ${arr1[x]} == ${arr2[*]} ]
    then ...
    fi
done

?

A: Checking values in arr2 present in arr1 :
arr1=("a" "b" "c")
arr2=("c" "d" "e")

for i in "${arr2[@]}"
do
  for j in "${arr1[@]}"
  do
  [[ "$i" == "$j" ]] && echo "$i"
  done
done

--> prints : c


We are offering this lovely 9ct Yellow gold heavy belcher chain.
This chain is made of 9ct Gold which weighs 180.5g and is 30 inches long. It is fully hallmarked by the Sheffield assay office.
There are some signs of wear as this chain is used.


Generalization, the application of skills in untrained circumstances, is of growing importance in aphasia therapy due to the increasing demands for effective intervention programs. Although this issue has been raised in a growing number of studies, it remains unclear which methods should be used. Some view generalization as applying skills to untrained linguistic items, while others define it as harnessing skills to untrained life circumstances. This paper will compare existing intervention programs which have activities/phases specifically devoted to generalization, determine which of these methods have been shown to be most effective and recommend avenues for possible future research directions.


Family businesses are amongst the most important driving forces behind the UK economy.
According to a recent survey family-run firms now account for about two thirds of the UK's private businesses. Around four in ten private sector jobs are in family businesses.
But the process of passing on your business can be a difficult one. Family business succession is fraught with potential problems - and it requires significant forward planning.
Here are some simple tips to help you plan for successful family succession.
It is very easy for business owners to assume that family members will share their vision for the future of the organisation. This is particularly common in businesses that have remained in the same family for many years. But you should remember that your intended successor may have entirely different plans for their life. Similarly, they may not have the necessary skills for the job – and this is a problem that a family bond cannot overcome.
Family business succession is not something that happens overnight, or even over a few months. Rather, it is a lengthy process that requires significant forethought. You should begin to think about family succession as soon as possible – and you should try to ensure that the rest of the business is aware of your plans from the earliest possible moment.
Don't leave succession to chance. Instead, sit down at the earliest possible stage and put together a written plan to help guide you through the process. This plan should take in things like training, communication within your business, and financial considerations. Professional business succession advisors can help you formulate this.
You should remain open-minded throughout the process. Remember that family succession is not the only potential option, and that you should consider other possible exit strategies. These might include a sale or a management buy-out.
Family business succession can have significant tax implications. It is important that you understand and consider these implications in advance. In particular you may need to look into entrepreneurs' relief, Capital Gains Tax rules, and Inheritance Tax. You should seriously consider seeking professional advice to help you navigate the tax issues.
Staff conflict is amongst the most common and most damaging problems associated with family business succession. At all points in the process you should ensure that your plans and decisions are properly communicated to other staff. This becomes doubly important when there are other individuals within the organisation who may potentially be expecting to take over the reins. It is imperative that you are not seen to have 'parachuted' a family member in over a better-qualified staff member.
Similarly, remember the importance of communication with the rest of your family. It is also important that other family members do not feel like they are being overlooked or otherwise badly treated in favour of your chosen successor. Sit down and discuss your plans with other family members, and try to understand everyone's wishes. You might not be able to accommodate them all – but it is important that everyone feels that they are being listened to.
Finally, you need to be realistic about your future in the business. Many entrepreneurs find it difficult to entirely let go, and prefer to retain some position after they retire. This is fine – but you need to ensure that your successor understands the nature of your role in advance. By codifying your position at the earliest opportunity you can help to avoid potential conflicts later on.


The three winners of an international competition were awarded grant money to further develop their innovations to better the lives of patients with cancer.
It started out as a global challenge to give innovators a platform to compete for grant money for their creative ideas on how to improve the cancer care experience for patients, caregivers and their loved ones. After more than 100 submissions from around the world, three winners have been announced for The Astellas Oncology C3 Prize.
The Grand Prize winner, Diane Jooris of Brussels, Belgium, was awarded a $50,000 grant. The two First Prize winners, Mark Harrison of Melbourne, Australia and Larry Pederson of Seattle, both received $25,000 grants. All three winners received a membership to MATTER, a community of entrepreneurs, innovators and industry leaders working together to improve health care.
The four judges found just that in the products and resources created by the three winners. Jooris co-founded Oncomfort, a company that develops virtual reality modules designed to help manage anxiety in patients with cancer before, during and after treatment. Harrison created PROSTMATE, an online companion program designed to meet the needs of men with prostate cancer and their families. Finally, Pederson founded The Litebook Company, which has developed a light therapy device for use as a tool to reduce cancer fatigue.
Two years ago, Jooris' idea came to life. She was inspired to create Oncomfort after taking care of her younger sister, who found that stress built up after breast cancer treatment. As a mental health professional, Jooris also saw patients dealing with similar situations and wanted a way to help them.
She reveals that often times patients become stressed with the jargon used during medical procedures and doctor's visits because they don't understand the language and what they really are about to encounter.
The virtual reality takes patients out of their stressful state to inform them on what they may not understand during those surgical procedures.
Currently, OnComfort is used in hospitals in France, Belgium and in Houston, Texas. Jooris hopes that it will continue to reach other countries. In fact, she is in talks with centers in Canada and Singapore to start using it in clinics there as well.
PROSTMATE, launched in 2014, is a place where men with prostate cancer can get a tailored experience, no matter where they are located in the world.
The website gives patients access to support information, allows them to track and monitor their results and physical well-being, as well as connects them to a range of clinicians and allied health professionals for direct consultations.
The resource is entirely free. Although created in Australia, where prostate cancer affects one in five men, he hopes it will have a global impact.
Harrison added that come 2017, he hopes PROSTMATE can release more system updates together with an extensive distribution strategy – and he feels this prize will help him reach that goal.
Pederson is also aiming for global outreach with his creation, The Litebook. Created in 2000, he initially was hoping to help those affected by Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD).
However, that changed in 2011, when Sonia Ancoli-Israel, Ph.D., professor at The University of California San Diego School of Medicine, decided to study the effects of light treatment on chemotherapy-related fatigue in women with breast cancer via The Litebook.
That study found that bright light in the morning may prevent fatigue from worsening during chemotherapy.
He feels the Litebook can change that for millions of people. Meant to reset an individual's circadian rhythm, the Litebook should be used in the first hour of waking up each morning for about 15 to 30 minutes, making sure the light is directed at the eyes.
Being sold in two models, the $99 one needs to be plugged in and for $179 you can get the more portable version. Both do not require the help of a clinician. Pederson plans to use the grant money to help educate patients, caregivers and oncologists about the light tool.
For all three winners, it really comes down to improving quality of life for patients with cancer. Their creations are their way of trying to make that happen today and in the future – something Herjavec echoes.


HÀ NỘI — The Ministry of Information and Communications is considering a proposal from telecom providers to remove the ceiling promotion rate of 20 per cent for pre-paid subscribers.
The ministry's Department of Telecommunications said they were working with the Finance Ministry to consider the proposal of adjusting the rate from the current 20 per cent to 50 per cent.
Previously, the ministry issued Circular 48/2017 which took effect on March 1, 2018 regulating mobile rates for mobile operators. Telecom providers in the country are only allowed to offer up to 20 per cent of a service's value to pre-paid subscribers as a bonus during promotional campaigns. The maximum promotional value however has been set at 50 per cent for post-paid subscribers.
The limit applies to different forms of promotion, including bonus credits, in-kind benefits, and other perks.
The ministry said the regulation aimed to ensure fairer competition in the telecom market and better protect the rights of mobile subscribers.
In addition, the circular also promotes post-paid subscriptions as well as reducing spam messages and calls from advertisers.
After applying the ceiling promotion rate, the Vietnamese network operators have suffered decreasing revenue.
The country's three biggest telecom providers including Viettel, Vinaphone and MobiFone said the maximum promotion rate of 20 per cent hurt their business.


text:
What led to American air superiority over the Axis in World War II
In his 1943 "State of the Union" Address, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt commented, "in Africa, we are shooting down two enemy planes to every one we lose, and in the Pacific and the Southwest Pacific we are shooting them down four to one."
Studies by Depuy and others have shown that on the ground, one American, British, or Soviet soldier was not the equal of one German soldier. And even with a large superiority in numbers and firepower, Allied forces had difficulty inflicting human casualties on the Germans at a rate much above one to one. The disparity in tank effectiveness was even more skewed in favor of the Germans, as they inflicted tank casualties on the allies at a multiple of their own.
What accounts for the relative U.S. superiority in the air? And is it fair to say that without air superiority, the U.S. and Allies would have had great difficulty beating the Germans? Or are there credible sources or studies that show that the Allies could have won only using overwhelming numbers and firepower on the ground, without superior airpower?
world-war-two
Tom AuTom Au
One should take those studies you mention with more than a grain of salt, I think. – Felix Goldberg Dec 15 '13 at 21:46
Wikipedia: Luftwaffe, Omissions and Failures. Personally, I would also mention lack of fuel, especially high-octane fuel that could be used in supercharged aircraft engines, and the resulting inferior performance at high altitude (where most air combat on the Western Front was performed). – DevSolar Jun 20 '17 at 13:47
Another point to add -- US fighter aircraft were comparatively lightly armed, as they were facing off against twin-engined tactical bombers and other fighters, where .50cal MG's did the job quite nicely. German fighters, on the other hand, were encumbered with heavy and slow-firing cannons, as they had to shoot down four-engined strategic bombers (western front) and heavily-armored ground attack aircraft (eastern front). This gave US fighters a distinct advantage in fighter-on-fighter dogfights. – DevSolar Jun 26 '17 at 9:38
If two sides are inflicting losses on each other in a one-to-one ratio, and one side has a lot more manpower than the other, the side with less manpower will run out of soldiers first and lose. – Sean Oct 11 '19 at 22:29
@ Sean Indeed. As I heard once, "They've got more soldiers than we've got bullets!" – BlokeDownThePub Nov 4 '19 at 19:55
I believe three factors play to the rapidity with which the Allies acquired air superiority over the Axis:
The Battle of Britain - The cream of the Luftwaffe fighter force was crippled in this battle because of suffering all their casualties over enemy territory. A bailed-out RAF or RCAF pilot was usually back at his aerodrome within 48-72 hours. A bailed-out Luftwaffe pilot would spend the next 5 years at Old Fort Henry, Canada, in a POW camp.
Population Base - Fighter combat is very much an individual test of skills and will, especially when compared to ground combat. Reflexes, marksmanship, initiative, creativity and sheer determination at a very high level are required for success, and these combine in only a small proportion of the population. Germany had a population base of roughly 80MM to search through for these skills in combination, while the Allies had a population base several times that to search. Germany's advantage in command and control that played such a decisive role in ground combat simply was irrelevant in most air combats.
Technology - Other than a brief period after the FW-190 came out, the Axis never had a fighter plane that surpassed those of Britain and the U.S. The Japanese had better technology a bit longer with the Zero, but still only until the F6 Hellcat came out. Without superior technology to compensate for a lower skill base, the normal attrition of combat was always going to increase the edge possessed by the Allies.
Pieter GeerkensPieter Geerkens
Good analysis, but you might have also mentioned the Eastern Front. There was some fighting there too... – Felix Goldberg Dec 15 '13 at 22:05
Good answer; I've got to disagree about #2 though: if you look at the list of the top WWII aces, in the order of the number of planes they brought you'll notice that the list is heavily dominated by Luftwaffe. There were over 100 Luftwaffe pilots who achieved over 100 victories each, including some with 300++ kills. None of the Allied pilots came even close. – Michael Dec 16 '13 at 17:51
@Michael, that just means that their best were better than the Allies' best, not that they were equally likely to create good pilots. If you've got the top 15 pilots in a war, but I've got everyone from #16-100, I'm probably still going to win. My best pilots aren't as good as your best pilots, but I've got SO MANY "still-pretty-good" pilots that I've got the edge. Pieter's point was that the Allies had a much bigger population, and thus could draw larger numbers of talented pilots to the war effort, despite how they stacked up one-on-one against their German counterparts. – Nerrolken Dec 16 '13 at 18:19
@AlexanderWinn, my understanding of Pieter's comment #2 was that for fighter pilot core one would need a few very good men rather than a bunch of not-so-good ones. And there is certainly some truth in that: many Luftwaffe aces killed over 100 allied planes each, meaning that one of the top Luftwaffe aces contributed more to the war than 100 not-so-good pilots. The difference between air combat (as well as sniper duel on the ground) is that individual worth by far outweighs the numbers. Stalin's famous "quantity is a quality too" applies to most of ground combat, but not so much to air fight. – Michael Dec 16 '13 at 18:40
@Michael, that's a difference in philosophy, rather than a difference in skill. German top aces were left in combat, to continue racking up the kill count. American and British top aces were rotated back to the home front, to train up the next class of fighter pilots. Net result: Germany (and the USSR, and Japan) had a small number of elite pilots and a large number of adequate-at-best pilots; the United States and British Empire had a large number of reasonably good pilots. – Mark Aug 4 '16 at 1:08
Some factors not already mentioned:
American factories and assembly lines worked hard, and turned out huge numbers of planes. A notable one is Willow Run in Michigan, which produced the B-24 Liberator. The Allied GDP outpaced that of the Axis.
The American and British air forces alternated attacks against Germany. Americans would go bombing during the daytime, while the British would do so at night. It was called "round the clock bombing"; the intent was that "the devil will get no rest."
When enough American aircraft had been committed to bombings, the German ability to produce diminished.
Eventually, American and British strikes happened deeper and deeper in Germany, hitting infrastructure. Alongside landings at Normandy, bombing of German targets further intensified.
Air coverage, if not superiority, was essential. But for backup by the RAF, the evacuation at Dunkirk would have been subject to the Luftwaffe.
Grant PalinGrant Palin
+1 for mentioning the quantity of planes produced, which is lost from the otherwise great accepted and most upvoted answer. – Pere Aug 29 '18 at 11:43
The Allies, especially the US after converting it's huge auto industry to aircraft production, were able to produce huge numbers of aircraft, and trained crew to operate those aircraft, while Germany was not. Germany did make astounding numbers of aircraft considering the state of their industry, but they were not able to supply those aircraft with trained pilots.
Nor were the Germans able to improve their designs as rapidly. US/UK manufacturing and project management methods allowed changes to be incorporated reliably and rapidly, while changes to German production took far longer to implement. The B17 went from the C model to the vastly improved G model, and the P51 went from the early B to the penultimate D model, in less than two years. Both were produced in vast numbers, in their improved form.
Not being harassed by a bombing campaign was a major factor there - German factories were under constant attack, while US factories were unmolested, and by 1943, UK factories were relatively free of air attack.
The Germans held the edge in high tech with their jet fighters, but were never able to produce them (or more correctly, never able to produce the engines) in such numbers to make a major difference. The lack of rare metals to produce reliable gas turbines was also a factor - the average life of a Jumo 004 was in the 20-25 hour range.
The US oil campaign proved to be very successful - towards the end of the war, lack of fuel became a major problem for both Luftwaffe and motorized ground forces as well. Much of the strategy of the Germans Ardennes offensive was based on capturing Allied fuel supplies... which did not factor in how easily a fuel dump could be set on fire.
To a degree, Allied training methods were better. Their philosophy was to send their most experienced pilots home to train new pilots, while Germany (like Japan) kept their aces in combat until they died. This accounts for the very high number of 'kills' of the best German aces, 200 to 300 kills, while the best Allied pilots rarely got more than 20 or 30. They went home to pass their expertise along to a great number of new pilots.
The result of that policy was lower overall kills for the individual pilots, but a higher overall level of experience on the part of new pilots, so they were more effective and suffered fewer losses. By early 1945, most new German pilots didn't last more than one or two missions, while most new Allied pilots survived the war.
tj1000tj1000
I think the plan in the Ardennes was to capture the fuel and use it for the second phase - the drive on to Antwerp. It was a means to an end, they weren't intending to cart it back to Germany. – BlokeDownThePub Nov 4 '19 at 20:02
I feel it was really a critical mass issue, which was lost around the start of 1943, mostly in the east. Looking back at losses, air forces don't stand up so well when stretched for resources. Germany had the massive eastern front to deal with as well as constant harassment from the British.
-Too many experienced pilots were lost, which reduced the effectiveness of each plane, putting extra pressure on the inadequate production and development of planes.
Early in the war, the Germans had many advantages. The Bf 109 was one of the best fighters of the war. Particularly at the beginning it outclassed everything but the Spitfire. Fighting in the Spanish civil war gave the Luftwaffe experience, then a constant string of victories made them almost unstoppable. The fall started with the Battle of Britain. Hitler only reluctantly decided to attack after Churchill refused his peace offering. It was a massive loss of air power for nothing in return. It delayed and hindered Barbarossa, Hitler's real goal.
Then came the Soviets - who had a lot of aircraft, but initially almost all of them were lost on the ground. Germans had the air virtually to themselves, but a combination of massive manpower, production and development of great planes slowly ground down the Germans. A lot of air power was lost around Stalingrad, particularly ground support aircraft, allowing soviet artillery to get a leg up. By the time of the Soviet counter-offensive numerical superiority was lost, partly due to the movement of aircraft to defend North Africa from the allied landings. If there was a tipping point it was around this time, mostly on the eastern front. Hitler had thrown everything at the Soviets and lost. The Soviets were producing more planes than Germany even in 1941, and this disparity nearly doubled by the next year. What's more, these planes were equal and sometimes better than the German planes. The US and Britain were also drawing critical resources away from the east and giving direct support of lend-lease materials and resources to the soviets.
By the time the allies were pushing through Europe, the US had collected many victories in the pacific, the arena of carriers and planes. By D-Day, Germany had only 600 fighters left, essentially nothing. The US had massively increased production of planes and had developed some of the best single engine fighters of the war. German resources were far too overstretched to really have had any chance of standing up to the allies at this stage, even with the 262.
AlexanderTehAverageAlexanderTehAverage
During 1943 it was inaccurate to claim air superiority on behalf of the Allies. The American Eighth Air Force strategic bombers were being (on occasion literally) decimated during the daylight strategic raids over Germany. Other than the short range Spitfire the Bf-109 and FW-190 were the superior planes and capable of operation AT 20,000' and higher. American P-38s, P-39s, P-40s and P-51As were not in the same league. Only when the high altitude Packard Merlin Powered P-51 B was introduced at the beginning of 1944 did the tide change. The P-51Bs had the range and altitude performance to escort the bombers. The escorts were permitted to leave the bombers to engage German fighters as per a directive from Jimmy Doolittle. The Luftwaffe weakness was not planes but pilots (and fuel). The experience of the average German pilot was marginal when pressed into combat. By D-day the Allies established air superiority in Eastern Europe.
The Soviets also greatly improved their planes and pilot skill. However, the American planes that were inappropriate in Western Europe were much better suited for conditions in the Soviet Union in that most combat there was at low altitudes.
Still the Luftwaffe developed the best interceptor of the war with the ME-262 jet. But it was too little too late.
Once the Zero's weakness was identified it became less of a threat. While it had great maneuverability at medium to low speeds, it lost its aileron command at high speed. When confronted with high speed vertical tactics it as much less of a factor.
One of the main reasons was from the planes themselves. The Germans had three fighters at the outbreak of war; the Me-109, the Focke-Wolfe-190, and Me-110. The Japanese had one good fighter that was considered invincible (all the others were unreliable), the Zero. And they stuck with those throughout the war. The Allies, on the other hand, had numerous fighters of varying abilities, giving the Axis pilots a constant mix of different planes up against them they have to learn about the hard way. Another factor that affected the air superiority was the (untouchable) manpower and manufacturing resources of the U.S. By the end of the war, a small percentage of the remaining German pilots were fully trained and experienced, and up against them were thousands of better trained, better equipped, and more experienced Allied pilots. By the end of the war the Luftwaffe was almost non-existent.
QuinnQuinn
This answer would be better with sources. – Mark C. Wallace♦ Aug 3 '16 at 0:28
When did the "outbreak of the war" move from September 1939 to August 1941 (first operational appearance of the FW-190, over France)? – Pieter Geerkens Aug 4 '16 at 4:17
was the FW190 in existence at the outset ? – bigbadmouse Jun 10 '19 at 7:51
It was (as it was designed in the 1930's), but it the Luftwaffe didn't start equipping front-line units with them until late 1941. What is interesting is that although German designers had created quite a few different aircraft designs throughout the war, the Germans preferred to just upgrade the fighters that they had, partly because it was easier to modify their production facilities than to completely change them for a new aircraft. So at the end of the war the Germans had produced about 10 different FW 190 'A' models, 4 different 'D' series models, on top of the 'F' and 'G' versions. – Quinn Jun 11 '19 at 17:11
All factors have been mentionned by different OPs, but I will present you a summary of how the Axis aviation went from victory to defeat:
Step one: get tactical defeats
The battle of Britain, the battle of Midway, are some examples of tactical defeats of the Axis aviation. They were lost against an opponent that was not threatened by an other mean (no ground or naval offensive possible), thus the fact that the Germans/Japanese lost more aircraft was a criteria of tactical and strategic defeat. However, the losses were huge but not decisive for the timeframe of the war.
Step two: get points of attrition
The year 1942 was a year of attrition fight of all fronts, and this year leads to a turning point because of these battles. For the aviation, the fight on Malta, on Guadalcanal or Stalingrad were points of attrition were heavy losses on both sides allowed the capacity of production and training of the Allied states (and mainly USA and USSR) to express themselves. In 1941, there was also some of these battles of attrition like in North and East Africa between the Italian and the British air forces.
Step three: loose the battle of bombings
During all these battles, the Axis air forces did not inflicted major destructions to strategic objectives because they lacked heavy bombers (as mentionned by another answer). The British and Americans did not. And they stroke hevaily the Italian and German industries, leading them to fail in replacing many parts of their forces. Add the specific lack of oil and oil with high octane degree for Axis forces in both Europe and Asia theaters, and the air forces are particulary leveled down by these bombings. Note that Japan suffered mostly of the submarine war, because bombings on its territory started later.
Step four: Don't have a major technological upper-hand
Despite major advances in rocket motors, neither actor of WW2 had a real uper hand in technology. Some advantages were even in the Allied side with the building of four motor-bombers and the disposal of very good classic engines (like the British Merlin). On other factors, as mentionned by other answers, the Americans and the British had medium armed fighters that were well adapted to their opponents, while the Axis hat to developed specific twin engined fighters to fight the heavy bombers.
Step five: be also beaten on other fields
The Axis might have work around these events with great naval and land victories. But it did not obtain these victories, partly because of its unhability to gain the air superiority, partly because on land and sea, the Allies were also good challengers.
totalMongottotalMongot
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged world-war-two or ask your own question.
When did the Luftwaffe lose air-superiority over the Reich?
Was the Italian campaign a strategic mistake?
"More Frenchmen bore arms for the Axis than for the Allies during the Second World War"?
Why did the German air force lose experienced pilots faster than the Allies, even though they were defending their home airspace?
How dependent were the Germans on horse transport in their invasion of the Soviet Union?
Do any historians consider superior German airpower as the most important factor in the Battle of France?
Why was the WW2 air war over Europe fought considerably higher than the Eastern Front?
How did the Allies achieve air superiority on Sicily?


These are a great veggie burger alternative— when you've overdosed on potatoes, these are filling, are lighter, and offer a little more variety. Though they're delicious right out of the fryer, they're neat, easy to eat, and portable for a take-a-long lunch. Eat alone, or if your customs allow, create a sandwich with matzah and some crunchy lettuce.
In a medium bowl, combine the zucchini, celery, carrots, onion, potatoes, eggs, parsley root, potato starch, salt and pepper. Mix to combine well.
Heat oil in a skillet over medium-high heat. Drop mixture by the heaping spoonful into the hot oil. Fry on both sides until golden brown. Flip when mixture is holding together.


Courtesy of Liz GendreauThe author, Liz Gendreau, and her three sons.
Liz Gendreau, the Chief Mum Officer, is a 38-year-old MBA who works as an IT program manager at a large company, making a six-figure salary. Her husband, Todd, stays at home with their three boys, ages 14, 10, and 3.
She's been the primary breadwinner since shortly after they were married, over 16 years ago.
She's spent over a year interviewing dozens of other successful women in her "Breadwinning, Six-Figure, Millionaire Women" series.
A few of the biggest things she wishes people understood: Dads who stay at home aren't babysitting, her situation isn't "lucky," and there are more female breadwinners than you may think.
Being a breadwinning mum with a husband who stays at home with your three boys can be amazing.
When I need to travel for work, I don't need to worry about who will watch the kids. When I stay late and have dinner with the executives, I don't need to rush home to relieve the sitter. I'm able to go to conferences across the country and Skype with the boys without worrying about them. I come home from a 12-hour workday to dinner already made, kids shuttled to and from their activities, a clean house, and laundry already put away. When someone needs to get the car fixed, run to the bank, or take care of a sick kid, the "someone" isn't me.
That doesn't mean it's all sunshine and roses though.
My husband, our boys, and I are all happy with how we run our family – but other people often aren't. Sometimes they're confused, other times they're defensive, and they often make assumptions about us that just aren't true. I've gotten so many different comments over the years that it's pretty obvious there are a lot of things other people don't understand about families like mine.
So today I'm going to dispel the myths and talk about some of the things I've noticed other people just don't understand.
In the mainstream media, I see a steady stream of negative articles about families like mine. Millennial women are "worried" about and "ashamed" of being the breadwinner. Stay-at-home dads suffer from "stigma and isolation." Let's not forget all the articles telling us that our marriages are unhappy.
If you're the family breadwinner and a woman, you could be forgiven for thinking you're supposed to be unhappy about the situation. And trust me, other people read these kinds of articles and think that I must feel that way too.
No, I'm not unhappy. In fact, I'm proud of all my accomplishments. I'm not at all worried about out-earning my husband – I wouldn't want to be married to someone who's bothered by that anyway. I'm not ashamed that I work and he stays at home. To be honest, I'm extremely happy that I can be successful at work, pursue my passions, and have things taken care of at home so I still have plenty of time to be an awesome mum.
I've heard so many stories about men being ashamed of their wives paying for everything, resentful of having to take care of the kids, or generally unhappy about their wife's career success outstripping theirs. So people assume my husband must feel that way too, right?
Not here. My husband is extremely proud of my accomplishments, and he's never been embarrassed about my success.
The only thing I've ever heard from him is excitement about my success.
Courtesy Liz GendreauThe author's husband, Todd, and their three sons.
My husband has heard this one more than once while out with our three boys. Can you imagine the reverse, someone commenting to a mum out and about with her kids that she was babysitting? No, you can't. I've literally never had anyone say that to me, and yet more than one person has said it to him.
Dads don't babysit their own children. It's called parenting.
When my oldest son was in second or third grade, I went to a Mother's Day event at his school. Now, this was in the late 2000s, so you'd expect the school to not assume all mothers are wearing pearls, vacuuming the house, and baking cookies at home during the day. Right?
Instead of a song or performance about how much the kids loved their mothers, I was treated to the most stereotypical "mum" song you've ever heard. My son had to stand on stage and sing with his classmates about how Mum greeted him after school every day, brought him to his activities, made dinner, cleaned his clothes, and (not joking) had fresh cookies waiting for him when he got home.
The only problem: I don't do any of those things. And neither do the 40% of mothers who are breadwinners, or many of the 71% of women with kids under 18 who work outside the house. It was as if the school had sung the same song since the 1950s and hadn't bothered to make any changes.
I had a talk with my son after that, asking how he felt about the song. He laughed and said it was silly and nothing like our family. I explained that there are all types of families with all different kinds of working arrangements and that all families are wonderful. Sometimes there's just a mum, or a dad, taking care of the kids. Sometimes Grandma and Grandpa head up the family. Maybe only Dad works, or just Mum, or both parents. And sometimes there are two mums or two dads! All families are wonderful and should be celebrated.
My son's school isn't alone. I've seen all kinds of stereotypes over the years. People think I must need to rush home after work to get the kids off to activities, or that I won't want to travel for work because I have young kids at home. My husband is made to feel like someone has sighted a rare unicorn in the wild when he mentions he's a stay-at-home dad.
Courtesy of Liz GendreauThe author at her MBA graduation.
No, I'm not "lucky" that my husband is a stay-at-home dad. We've had a number of different working arrangements since we became parents. We've worked split shifts for several years. He was laid off when his workplace closed during the Great Recession – not a good time to find a job. We had a year where my husband couldn't work because he almost died of septic shock. He started working again, only to need another major surgery shortly after our youngest son was born.
And I've worked hard to increase my income, and our savings, over our 16-year marriage. While we've been married, I received a BS (with high honours), started a career in IT, pursued and received an MBA with two young kids at home, changed companies, and moved into different positions to increase my income. I've also been saving and investing for the future since I was a teenager and investing for college for our three sons since they were born.
It's the combination of being used to getting along with one income (due to the job losses and illnesses), increasing my income through a lot of time and hard work, and making smart money decisions over a few decades that has led to my husband being able to stay at home with our boys.
When I respond that he's a stay-at-home dad, I get a lot of looks and quick subject changes. Talking about having a wife who stays at home is very much culturally acceptable, but people are uncomfortable talking about a husband who's at home. I'm sometimes made to feel as if I should be embarrassed that my husband stays at home, or as though it's something I shouldn't really talk about.
My husband is also avoided by other mums at events like library storytime, preschool, or swim lessons. The other people there are mostly mums who have formed their own clique of friends, and they're not very welcoming of a stay-at-home dad. People just don't have many follow-up questions as they do with stay-at-home mums.
That's too bad, because my husband has been the primary caregiver for our kids almost since our oldest was born 14 years ago. He has a lot of great advice and tips on raising boys and would love to chat about all of their activities.
Though you don't hear a lot about women whose husbands stay at home, and I don't know any personally, I know we're not alone.
Not only have I spent the past year interviewing other amazing women in similar situations, but I also know the statistics. A2017 Bureau of Labour and Statistics report on employment found that in 7.1% of married-couple households, only the wife is employed. That figure may include couples where the husband is retired, unemployed, or disabled, but we still are definitely not alone. Particularly in families where Mum works in a career that's highly demanding – lots of travel, atypical hours – having a stay-at-home dad can be pretty common.
Part of why I started interviewing other breadwinning mums was to show them that they're not alone – and to help find other families like ours. And you know what? They are out there. We're not alone.
Courtesy of Liz GendreauThe author's husband, Todd, and their three sons.
Another common stereotype is that stay-at-home dads either (1) don't want to be stay-at-home dads, or (2) are lazy, hanging around the house watching sports while the kids run around doing whatever they want.
Oversees homework, attends school events, and cares for the kids when they're sick.
There's nothing lazy about running a household of five.
Having my husband stay at home – or care for the kids while working off shift or part time over the years – has been one of the keys to becoming so successful in my career.
I know many women at work who have issues travelling or staying late because they just don't have the support they need at home. Many two-income couples have issues when the kids are sick – who's going to stay at home? – or stress about someone getting to daycare for pickup on time.
I've been able to get my MBA and grow my career to the point I've reached specifically because I have such a supportive husband at home. Not only is he here to encourage me, but he's able to take care of all those tricky kid situations that can derail other women's careers. I haven't needed to downshift to a "mummy track" style of working.
Though there's nothing wrong with deciding to downshift your career when you have kids – I'm a strong proponent of doing whatever works for your family – it's not something I've ever wanted to do. I feel sad when other women feel forced into it rather than deciding that's what they want to do, simply because they don't have the support they need at home.
Courtesy of Liz GendreauThe author and her three sons.
I love my kids, and I enjoy spending time with them, but I also enjoy working. I love solving complex challenges, learning new businesses and technologies, and generally being part of turning an idea into technology that can be used by many. I love writing on my site and being a part of helping other women with their money, work, and frugal family life to pursue financial freedom. Heck, I used to read the Harvard Business Review and The Wall Street Journal for fun in my early 20s – that's part of why I decided to go ahead and get my MBA.
I'm happy to be a working, breadwinning mum. Not only do I support my family and get to pursue my dreams, but I'm also setting an example of hard work for my three boys. When they grow up, if they get married and have kids, I hope they will feel confident in deciding on whatever working arrangement works best for their families – even if that arrangement isn't a typical one.


text:
Ransomware spree against Atlanta, Newark and others leads to indictment of 2 Iranians
Written by Benjamin Freed
Nov 28, 2018 | STATESCOOP
The Justice Department on Wednesday announced criminal charges in a series of high-profile ransomware attacks against the city governments of Atlanta and Newark, New Jersey, as well as the Port of San Diego, Colorado's transportation department and a string of hospital systems.
Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein announced the indictments of Iranian citizens Mohammad Mehdi Shah Mansouri and Faramarz Shahi Savandi on six counts, including conspiracy to commit wire fraud and intentional damage to a protected computer. The attacks, dating back to December 2015, have created chaos for state and local information technology officials nationwide as they observed long and costly recovery efforts in places like Atlanta, which may eventually spend $17 million to clean up the mess caused by the ransomware variant known as SamSam.
In total, Rosenstein said, Mansouri and Savandi allegedly carried out more than 200 cyberattacks with the SamSam virus, netting more than $6 million in bitcoin payments from victims that paid the demands. Among the targets that admitted to paying up was Newark, which forked over $30,000 in bitcoins under the advice of law enforcement, Mayor Ras Baraka said Wednesday.
The Justice Department did not identify which of the other victims paid up or the number that did. When victims did pay, Mansouri and Savandi allegedly used a cryptocurrency exchange that converted bitcoins to Iranian rials. But the financial impacts reached far beyond the ransoms that were collected. Brian Benczkowski, the assistant attorney general in charge of the criminal division, said the attacks cost victims tens of millions of dollars in damage to their affected computer networks. The attacks against just 34 targets, he said, caused more than $30 million in losses.
Every computer affected by a SamSam attack was left with a ransom note informing users that their files were encrypted and could only be unlocked in exchange for a payment in bitcoin, and also a threat that if payment was not made in seven days the decryption keys would be deleted, potentially locking victims out of their data forever. Mansouri and Savandi also allegedly created a ransom payment website for each victim.
Many of the attacks mentioned in Wednesday's charges crippled the abilities of large city governments to serve their residents and hospitals to process patients. The first attack listed came Jan. 11, 2016, when an unnamed business in Mercer County, New Jersey had its computers accessed and installed with the SamSam virus, with a ransom note following. Another attack came Feb. 5, 2016, against the Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center.
From hospitals to governments
More attacks against hospitals followed, including MedStar Health, which operates several large facilities in the Washington, D.C. area. The March 2016 incident, which demanded a payment of 45 bitcoins — about $19,000 at the time — shut down email services for MedStar's 30,000 employees and prevented staff from updating records, which forced its hospitals to temporarily turn away patients.
Eventually, Mansouri and Savandi allegedly started focusing on government targets. City hall workers in Newark found themselves locked out of their computers on April 25, 2017. The Colorado Department of Transportation was hit last Feb. 21, knocking about 2,000 computers offline. State officials said at the time that while traffic-control and highway-surveillance operations were not impacted, the department's back-office functions were crippled.
The ransom amount in the Colorado attack has not been disclosed, but the Colorado Office of Information Technology, which led the response to the attack, told StateScoop earlier this year that recovering from the incident took the skills of as many as 150 IT workers and cost the state up to $2 million.
"Today's indictment shows how seriously we take this type of criminal activity," Deborah Blyth, Colorado's chief information security officer, said in response to the charges against Mansouri and Savandi. "We want to thank the FBI for their partnership and commitment to prosecuting the malicious actors who are responsible for these devastating cyberattacks."
The Atlanta attack came about a month later, becoming one of the most widespread and costly ransomware incidents on U.S. soil. That attack, which began March 22, swept through the city's computer systems. Residents lost the ability to pay utility bills online or over the phone, business licenses could only be obtained in-person, and the municipal courthouse couldn't schedule hearings for nearly a month. Members of the city council reported losing years' worth of correspondence, and the Atlanta Police Department lost an archive of footage from dashboard-mounted cameras.
In Atlanta, Mansouri and Savandi allegedly asked for a bitcoin payment equal to about $51,000; recovering from the incident may eventually cost the city $17 million. The string of SamSam attacks also prompted officials in the affected jurisdictions to give more consideration to cybersecurity.
"While it should be top of mind for us as elected officials, it's not something people see and our communities are discussing," Atlanta Mayor Keisha Lance Bottoms said in May, acknowledging cybersecurity had not been a priority for her because it never came up while she was running for the office in 2017.
Bottoms' office did not respond to requests for comment on the indictments against Mansouri and Savandi. In a statement following the indictments, Newark's Baraka said the city's April 2017 ransomware experience that shut down municipal computer systems led his administration to reassess its cybersecurity practices.
"These attacks seriously compromised our networks and disrupted vital services that we provide to residents," Baraka said. "The city of Newark has significantly strengthened its cyberdefenses and learned a great deal from having gone through this experience."
All together, the SamSam attacks hit targets in 45 states and Canada, federal officials said.
'Sophisticated tools and techniques'
"These defendants didn't just cross their fingers," Benczkowski, the assistant attorney general, said. "Rather they engaged in extreme form of 21st century blackmail and vandalism.
According to the 26-page indictment, Mansouri, 27, and Savandi, 34, created the SamSam ransomware and deployed it using "sophisticated tools and techniques" against computer systems belonging to government agencies, hospitals, schools, corporations and other entities, most of which were located in the United States. After developing the virus, they allegedly deployed it by accessing networks without authorization, often masking their identities behind virtual private networks with European addresses.
"Once inside a Victim's computer network, Defendants used sophisticated hacking techniques and tools to conduct reconnaissance and expand their access to the Victim computer networks," the document reads. "Among other things, Defendants scanned a Victim's computer network to identify computers to target for encryption."
The indictment goes on to state that the reconnaissance phase of the attacks took weeks when SamSam was first developed, but eventually came down to just a few hours by early 2018. After doing their research, Mansouri and Savandi would allegedly install the virus on as many computers as possible, then activate it to encrypt files on the targeted network. The execution was often timed to be most inconvenient for the victims to repel.
"This coordinated encryption attack, which was disguised to appear like legitimate network activity, was usually launched outside regular business hours, when a Victim would find it more difficult to mitigate the attack," the indictment states. "The simultaneous, mass encryption of a Victim's computers was intended to—and often did—cripple the regular business operations of the Victims. Without use of their data, most Victims were unable to function normally; many had to shut down or drastically curtail their operations."
Mansouri and Savandi were charged in U.S. district court in New Jersey. Both men are believed to reside in Tehran, according to the Justice Department. Canadian and British law enforcement agencies assisted the FBI in the investigation, Rosenstein said.
"The case demonstrates our resolve to prosecuting cybercriminals regardless of their location," he said, though retrieving the suspects from Iran could prove difficult. Amy Hess, the FBI's executive assistant director who oversees cybercrime investigations, said the bureau will try to catch Mansouri and Savandi if they travel through a third country with which the United States has an extradition treaty.
Read the indictment:
Atlanta, Crime, Cybersecurity, ransomware, SamSam


text:
Feds won't halt deportation of Mexican mother of 4 US-born kids
Her son's message to Trump: Sending my mom back doesn't make America safer
Updated: 7:13 AM EDT Apr 11, 2017
Karin Johnson
WEBVTT IDEA IT WOULD%-@BE THEIR LAST.%-@PCOLIN: DOZENS PROTESTED%-@DESPERATE TO STOP THE%-@DEPORTAION PROCESS OF A FAIR%-@FIELD MOTHER.%-@MARIBEL DIAZ IS SCHEDUL%-@ED AFTER AN%-@EMERGENCY GRANTED FAILED%-@TO GRANT HER STAY.%-@SHE'S CURRENTLY DETAINED%-@THAT'S█ BETWEEN COLUMBUSAND MANCE MANSFIELD.THER MOTHER OF FOUR WASPICKED UP LAST WEEK.FAITH LEADERS IN PARTSOF THE STATE HAVEPETITIONED TO KEEP DIAZIN BUTLER COUNTY.>> AT AT THE LEAST SHOWTHE SYSTEM THERE AREPEOPLE HERE THAT WILLCOME TO THE COUNTY INTHE MIDDLE OF NOWHERE.MUSLIM, JEWISH, GAY,STRAIGHT, WOMEN, ELDERLY, YOUNG PEOPLE,STUDENTS THAT WILL COMEHERE AND STAY THIS ISENOUGH.BECAUSE THIS IS ADETENTION CENTER.IT IS FULL OF IMMIGRANTSTHAT ARE PROBABLY BEINGMISTREATED.WE'RE NOT GOING TO HAVETHAT.WE'RE NOT GOING TO PUTUP WITH THAT.WE'RE GOING TO STAND UPTO IT.COLIN: AS OF RIGHT NOW, DIAZ IS
Inside a mobile home in Fairfield on Monday morning, 3-year-old Daniella played with a Hello Kitty play set. She played peek-a-boo and giggled often. Daniella has been asking for her mother, according to her siblings, but she is too young to understand why her mother hasn't been home in almost a week. Her siblings — 10-year-old Gustavo Jr., 12-year-old Alexa and 14-year-old Oswaldo — understand what's going on, but they said they can't understand why federal immigration agents came and took their mother, Maribel Trujillo-Diaz. "The one that has my mom's case, I want to ask, 'Why her? Why my mom?'" Oswaldo said. "It doesn't make a lot of sense. Instead of chasing 10 other criminals in the past 10 years, you've been focusing on this one woman who's never done anything at all." Oswaldo said he's been forced to grow up quickly this past week as he fights to keep his mother in the United States. He said it's a fight he always knew he could be faced with, but it's one he wasn't prepared for. "Everyone who has illegal parents knows this might happen," Oswaldo said. Trujillo-Diaz could be deported to Mexico as early as Tuesday morning. Her family said she left there 15 years ago because of gang violence and drug cartels that kidnapped her father. They said she has no criminal record and has been the breadwinner for the family. Federal authorities said Trujillo-Diaz entered the U.S. illegally in 2002 and has exhausted legal appeals. Faith leaders from 55 congregations across Cincinnati are also fighting for Trujillo-Diaz's freedom. On Monday morning, they delivered petitions to Senator Rob Portman's office in downtown Cincinnati. "To send Maribel back home, to destroy her family, is the most un-American thing we could possibly do," said Ismaell Charier, of the Clifton Mosque. The Rev. Alan Dicken, of the Carthage Christian Church, said, "It is a time of sadness and despair for them that their mother has been taken away from them, was taken without a chance to say goodbye, was taken despite doing everything that ICE was asking her to do." Oswaldo said his mother called home on Sunday from the prison near Columbus where she's being held. "I can tell she had tears. I did too," Oswaldo said. Oswaldo said he misses his mother and her cooking and has a message for President Trump. "I've got one message for the current president. if you are going to say you are going to make America safer, I don't think you're going to make it safer sending a mom back to Mexico. Maybe a criminal, you should probably send those. Send a criminal back. We'll be safer. But sending a mom that likes to cook? What are you going to do there?" Oswaldo said. A spokesman for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement released the following statement on Monday: "Mirabel Trujillo's immigration case has undergone review at multiple levels of our nation's legal system and the courts have uniformly held that she has no legal basis to remain in the United States. In 2014, the Board of Immigration Appeals dismissed her legal appeals and she became subject to a final order of deportation. "In an exercise of discretion, the agency allowed Ms. Trujillo to remain free from custody with periodic reporting, while her immigration case was pending. For parents who are ordered removed, it is their decision whether or not to relocate their children with them. If parents choose to have their U.S. citizen child(ren) accompany them, ICE accommodates, to the extent practicable, the parents' efforts to make provisions for their child(ren). As practicable, ICE will coordinate to afford detained parents or legal guardians access to counsel, consulates and consular officials, courts, and/or family members in the weeks preceding removal in order to execute documents (e.g., powers of attorney, passport applications), purchase airline tickets, and make other necessary arrangements prior to travel." A representative from Sen. Portman's office said he is aware of the situation and is working to help facilitate a solution.
FAIRFIELD, Ohio —
Inside a mobile home in Fairfield on Monday morning, 3-year-old Daniella played with a Hello Kitty play set. She played peek-a-boo and giggled often.
Supporters make last-minute efforts to halt Fairfield mom's deportation
Daniella has been asking for her mother, according to her siblings, but she is too young to understand why her mother hasn't been home in almost a week.
Her siblings — 10-year-old Gustavo Jr., 12-year-old Alexa and 14-year-old Oswaldo — understand what's going on, but they said they can't understand why federal immigration agents came and took their mother, Maribel Trujillo-Diaz.
"The one that has my mom's case, I want to ask, 'Why her? Why my mom?'" Oswaldo said. "It doesn't make a lot of sense. Instead of chasing 10 other criminals in the past 10 years, you've been focusing on this one woman who's never done anything at all."
Oswaldo said he's been forced to grow up quickly this past week as he fights to keep his mother in the United States. He said it's a fight he always knew he could be faced with, but it's one he wasn't prepared for.
"Everyone who has illegal parents knows this might happen," Oswaldo said.
Trujillo-Diaz could be deported to Mexico as early as Tuesday morning. Her family said she left there 15 years ago because of gang violence and drug cartels that kidnapped her father. They said she has no criminal record and has been the breadwinner for the family.
Federal authorities said Trujillo-Diaz entered the U.S. illegally in 2002 and has exhausted legal appeals.
Faith leaders from 55 congregations across Cincinnati are also fighting for Trujillo-Diaz's freedom. On Monday morning, they delivered petitions to Senator Rob Portman's office in downtown Cincinnati.
"To send Maribel back home, to destroy her family, is the most un-American thing we could possibly do," said Ismaell Charier, of the Clifton Mosque.
The Rev. Alan Dicken, of the Carthage Christian Church, said, "It is a time of sadness and despair for them that their mother has been taken away from them, was taken without a chance to say goodbye, was taken despite doing everything that ICE was asking her to do."
Oswaldo said his mother called home on Sunday from the prison near Columbus where she's being held.
"I can tell she had tears. I did too," Oswaldo said.
Oswaldo said he misses his mother and her cooking and has a message for President Trump.
"I've got one message for the current president. if you are going to say you are going to make America safer, I don't think you're going to make it safer sending a mom back to Mexico. Maybe a criminal, you should probably send those. Send a criminal back. We'll be safer. But sending a mom that likes to cook? What are you going to do there?" Oswaldo said.
A spokesman for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement released the following statement on Monday:
"Mirabel Trujillo's immigration case has undergone review at multiple levels of our nation's legal system and the courts have uniformly held that she has no legal basis to remain in the United States. In 2014, the Board of Immigration Appeals dismissed her legal appeals and she became subject to a final order of deportation.
"In an exercise of discretion, the agency allowed Ms. Trujillo to remain free from custody with periodic reporting, while her immigration case was pending.
For parents who are ordered removed, it is their decision whether or not to relocate their children with them. If parents choose to have their U.S. citizen child(ren) accompany them, ICE accommodates, to the extent practicable, the parents' efforts to make provisions for their child(ren). As practicable, ICE will coordinate to afford detained parents or legal guardians access to counsel, consulates and consular officials, courts, and/or family members in the weeks preceding removal in order to execute documents (e.g., powers of attorney, passport applications), purchase airline tickets, and make other necessary arrangements prior to travel."
A representative from Sen. Portman's office said he is aware of the situation and is working to help facilitate a solution.


text:
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namespace Sonata\FormatterBundle\Validator\Constraints;

use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraint;

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{
    public $message = 'The formatter is not valid';

    /**
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    public function validatedBy()
    {
        return 'sonata.formatter.validator.formatter';
    }

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    public function getTargets()
    {
        return self::PROPERTY_CONSTRAINT;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


LEARNING & INNOVATION: How do we trust?
LAST column we shared the view of writers Valerie Nellen and Susan Wilkes in The Pfeiffer Book of Successful Teambuilding Tools. They wrote that trust comes from a three-part foundation composed of competence, consistency and care. We discussed the first two.
When all three centers of trust are found a relationship, "we can say that we trust the other person. When one element is missing, we may trust the person in a limited way, but we do not fully give ourselves over to the other person.
Indeed I have a very good friend who trusts me with her deepest secrets. As her husband would even say, "Moje knows more about my wife than I do." This is because my friend knows that her secrets are safe with me precisely because we are best friends and I care much about her. These secrets are not exactly shocking or dark or embarrassing. They are everyday things that good friends share with each other. They are really feelings, not much facts and figures.
Sharing feelings and emotions are much more fragile than sharing mere details of facts and figures. Feelings are not easily shared. Sharing feelings and keeping what is shared to oneself is what makes for trust between best friends.
How about you? Who do you trust and why do you trust? Do you ever feel vulnerable and dependent on others? How do you define trust? How is trust achieved? How is trust encouraged? How can you build trust in a setting in which risk and vulnerability exist? How can you build trust in everyday setting? How do you deal with breach of trust?
Here's a reaction from Ernie Cordero: Let me share with you an actual experience of one of the oldest multinational pharma companies in the Philippines (late eighties) when the full field force's trust crumbled in an instant.
This company was once headed by an old and expat president and CEO who inspired trust and top performance from the entire workforce. The formula—he is treated like a father, an old sage, a very dependable, reliable, generous man. Every year is a triumphant banner year and every member of the organization was so happy until he retired.
Consequently, a new administration came into the company. The supposed bright team laughed and ridiculed the former expat CEO's style (very Filipino approach) as an example for bad management. This Filipino CEO immediately assumed the position and started to rock the boat, but never reached any quota for his whole stay in the company until he was replaced.
The original field force were either retired, fired or put to oblivion. The new CEO introduced bright and up-to-date management concepts and philosophy. He even called himself "the guru'" to highlight his role and significance to the company. Alas, the whole field force was suspicious of him and gave bad performance.
PERSONAL. My term as Rotary president is done. My signature project "Accelerated Learning Workshop (4 days) for Public School Teachers" is highly appreciated by the 700 teachers who have attended it. Therefore, I intend to continue this project and spread it all over the country. I need your help to sponsor teachers to the Workshop. We need our teachers to be competent, consistent and caring.


text:
Photos courtesy of Elaina's Blueprint
WHAT: We invite you to host in your home a joyful, fun, celebratory and inspiring dinner party in in a way that would spread that joy to countless children. (You can sign up below.)
WHEN: The start of the school year, the end of the school year, holidays, Saturday–whenever!
WHY: It would be a dinner party in support of the one thing that can actually elevate the lives of all children, and fix their schools.
That one thing is Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) which raises emotional intelligence (EQ) and may be the ultimate gift to all children…and to humanity itself.
Joyful and immensely effective when instituted comprehensively, SEL provides the skillset and mindset to deal with ourselves, with others and with life itself in a wonderful and healthy way. EQuip Our Kids! is about making sure every K-12 school prioritizes the phenomenal benefits of such training – and not only the 10% whose students thrive academically, relationally and emotionally in school and in life.
Photo courtesy of Didriks
HOW: If you are not a nonprofit staffer committed to raising or donating funds to your own organization, a beautifully fun way to help make the skills ultimately available at all schools is to bring your friends together for a happy Equip Our Kids! dinner party this month or in January and let us sell ticket to your house event, party or picnic via Eventbite.
You'll be helping us promote student access in LA and California to SEL that reduces most school pain (including bullying, drug usage and teacher stress) and adds vastly more competence, understanding empathy and success for students. (Learn more,)
WHO: The Equip Our Kids! campaign is a joint venture of our nonprofit California Social-Emotional Learning Alliance and the nonprofit Big EQ Campaign. SEL4CA is an Alliance of dozens of grassroots organizations, educators, program developers and mental health professionals who passionately support universal EQ-raising SEL programs and practices. The Big EQ Campaign is an advertising/marketing and grassroots mobilization campaign to raise emotional intelligence on a national level via social-emotional learning, starting with schools in Los Angeles and California.
HERE ARE SIMPLE STEPS TO CREATE AN EQUIP OUR KIDS! DINNER PARTY
Sign Up – You'll get to choose a ticket price, time/date and number of guests. Or a brunch, lunch or picnic alternative. Host as an individual, co-host with a friend, host as a family, or gather friends and host a large gathering.*
Invite Guests – We will email you a personal Eventbrite link to which you can refer your invitees to purchase their tickets. We'll also send a customizable text to reach out to friends.
Get Creative – Plan a meal that's your donation to EQuip Our Kids! and that comports with your budget. Maybe it is a spaghetti dinner or maybe a five-courser.
Our dinner party consultant is available to help you think through a creative event if you want to add something beyond the fun and love of gathering with friends.
We'll supply a Party Kit with some fun EQ games, recipes. campaign brochures, a program, and a brief inspirational video so that everyone knows they are helping a great cause provide a tremendous need for all our children… and a must for the evolution of humanity.
*We invite student and college groups, professional and community associations, businesses and faith communities to host. Restaurants can host a dinner, co-host with friends in a private home, or donate proceeds from one night.
HOST A DINNER! SIGN UP TODAY!
We'll share your party photos on social media and our websites so you will feel proudly part of a larger local community making a real difference.
Questions?: info@sel4ca.org


546 passphrase for the encryption subkey.
815 stored at SHADOW_INFO; if not NULL will be stored at SHADOW_INFO.
1100 /* Return the public key algorithm number if S_KEY is a DSA style key.
1314 /* Check whether the secret key identified by GRIP is available.
1460 (L_("Do you really want to delete the key identified by keygrip%%0A"
1495 L_("Warning: This key is also listed for use with SSH!\n"
1496 "Deleting the key might remove your ability to "
1528 /* Write an S-expression formatted shadow key to our key storage.