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Police Presence in Minority Communities
1 What is the perception by residents of the police presence in minority communities?
What is the perception by residents of the police presence in minority communities?
This paper demonstrates the research done on police presence in minority communities based on the articles done by McKeon, Wolverton, and others from magazines called The Christian Century and The Economist. All focus on some aspect of police brutality however from differing viewpoints as well as how they affect the citizens they're meant to protect instead are seen brutally attacking the supposed suspects under false charges they had written up in order to enact such a innate bloodthirsty desire or possibly a warped sense of justice to beat confessions out of the suspects regardless of whether they were guilty or innocent of their made-up crimes. It mainly can affect the person's psyche and trust in law enforcement especially when they're the one in trouble from someone or something else such as the death threats, robberies and other crimes one could experience over their lifetime.
Numerous articles have shown what levels of fear many have towards police and their presence within neighborhoods regardless of whether it could be positive or negative based on other influences such as the local news or other forms of media. With McKeon (2014), the police tried to set up a Mobile Crisis Intervention Team in Toronto, Canada with only two police officers registered with the psychiatric nurses. However, it is now set up in only 12 of the 17 divisions but the fact is how small each of them are in which it's only 4 officers per division whereas the problems grow in size and are enormous in some scenarios showing how limited they are with the program leaving them unable to deal with every call that comes in needing their help. They're more similar to EMT or rather paramedics and respond to mainly mental health crises that are very vague since it's unclear what is designated as such a case and they only come in after actual police officers have arrived to scene first before they can do anything to help. Although there are some exceptions to this in which they can't respond to situations where the person is either intoxicated or on a drug trip/overdose, also armed with weapons as well as acting violent are some of the mentioned situations they can't be involved in.
Most of the time the blame is set on the police due to the fact they're only prepared with 12 hours worth of information on Mental Health issues and only worry about weapon first rather than person first since they've been trained in dismantling the threat as soon as possible which means shooting the person holding the weapon to end the threat quickly instead of trying to talk them down and lower their weapon especially since they've been trained to see all people with weapons as threats only and nothing more. This also went to show that a persistent stigma continues to show all mentally ill are dangerous leading to more tragic outcomes than safe ones for the victims of police shootings.
Wolverton (2015) focuses on how false charges affect the reputation of police whether they're the ones behind the false charges or if it's against them. For example, at one time in 2015 there was a civilian arrested on the account of drunk driving and as he was being booked, he was supposedly beaten to an inch of his life by four deputies who had left him with a swollen face and a gash as well which he supposedly claims happened.
Most of the time, cases like these make the headlines of newspapers but this specific one didn't reach it due to the video evidence showing that the civilian came in with the gash before being booked into the county jail leading to his claim being dis-proven before any of the anti-police crusader groups come down as soon as there is any news of police brutality charges. As mentioned in the article, the sheriff Scott Mellinger handed the case to the Indiana State Police and removed his own as to not show any bias to his officers and allow the investigation to show whether the claims of the deputies abuse towards the victim was true or not, which as a result showed the injuries were already there prior to the booking and caused the victim to retract their claim and said it was most likely their imagination.
However, most claims are actually real and true rather than the person's imagination or simple dreams and aren't as easily disproved as it was noted further into the article where it mentions the deadly force used by an officer named Darren Wilson in Ferguson, Missouri who was involved in the death of Michael Brown in last August but was cleared of charges of violating the victim's civil rights but it didn't sit well with many as a result and it was continually challenged leading to a potential combustible interactions between the police and citizens.
Another event was in Denver, Colorado where a video showed evidence of police being cleared of charges though it showed the dark side of things especially how brutal it was in reality. This was around the time deputies subdued and handcuffed 4 women whom had later claimed that they were thrown to the ground and sprayed with mace, all the while being continually beaten by the officers. The women filed a formal complaint against the department on account of two things of which one was the fact they didn't nothing incorrect to receive such savage beatings and secondly over the use of excessive force. Officers denied the charges and the public mass supported them through the entire way until the video came to light a few years later proving the women's claims which led to the city awarding them $360,000 and causing a fury from the public against the officers who used such brutal force against them. Although, once the angry mobs died down, the accused policemen returned to duty on the streets.
The most notorious time was in Cornelia, Georgia against people who didn't deserve any level of abuse given by cops in which a grenade was thrown through the window and landed exactly by the 19 months old sleeping child right next their face and exploded leaving the child horribly injured and disfigured as well as requiring 10 surgeries to repair the damages. This was all done on a supposed tip on an alleged $50 drug deal that was occurring within the household executed through a no-knock warrant which gave no warning to the sleeping family members who were unaware and not fighting against the cops invading their home.
Finally, police are consistently and falsely accused of misconduct under the notion of racial profiling whether it'd be from a celebrity or a simple citizen. In those charges, many have been proven incorrect due to evidence by voice and video recordings that have shown the accuser's claims to be falsely made even though the damage was already dealt to the officers' reputation.
In the article taken from the magazine called The Economist (2018), police confronted a man named Johnnie Rush, who had just finished his shift at the Cracker Barrel and brought himself beer, on the charge of Jaywalking which was known to be an offence within the state. Johnnie had argued and ran away after being accused of the charge, they knocked him down, tased him, and punched his head which rendered him unconscious as a result. Later, this lead to a lawsuit which then led into the use of body cams so neither side can lie over contested encounters and show evidence of what actually occurred during each confrontation. Yet such an invention still brings with it controversy where supposed evidence of body cams helping in reduction of bad behavior done by police officers remained unknown. However, the facial recognition programs can be more abused since it does give the ability to be used as a tool of deep real-time surveillance leading to less comfort and safety rather than more comfort and safety from how the public's thoughts on such a concept.
Even with the body cams, it did nothing for the damages done to Mr. Rush especially since the cameras were meant to increase good behavior from both sides rather than show the dark side of what cops do to citizens regardless of whether they fight back or not. Although in some studies, it showed that complaints have dropped since cops have begun wearing the body cams. While in other studies, some have shown that activating a body cam led to an escalation in the encounter versus those who weren't wearing one whereas in others, equipping a body cam led to no significant effect whatsoever, neither positive nor negative influences. Lastly, most of the time this information can end up being misused in the wrong hands especially when used for extortion crimes and blackmail towards innocent people just because of who they are or where they were parked on the street and the location of the area.
In the article taken from the magazine The Christian Century (2018), it talks about the protests done against police brutality and racism through many people such as Colin Kaepernick and Eric Reid whom had begun protesting back in 2016 and continued by many other NFL players. Their protests were shown to be powerful on the account of taking a knee since it demonstrates solidarity, empathy, and remembrance of the dead. It goes to show the fundamental identity as a person not just a football player from the player's posture as they step out of the role they play within the game as well as the other reason as it was noted in the article, that black football players have an emotional effect since they took a knee while the National Anthem was playing.
Many NFL fans objected to the protests and demanded they keep it to themselves and just play the game the fans paid for, also add to that, they should act like soldiers and keep opinions to themselves as well as accept all the debilitating injuries they receive from the sport even though no one asked them to do so without any complaints. Because of this, NFL league decided to outlaw the protests in which they gave the choices of either standing during the Anthem or be fined for their actions as a form of damage control to keep those fans happy and supporting them while minimizing the player's rights, opinions, and protests over a controversial subject.
McKeon, L. (2014, March-April). Police, brutality, and mental health. This Magazine, 47(5), 2. Retrieved from https://link-galegroup-com.ezproxy.scottsdalecc.edu/apps/doc/A360993949/GPS?u=mcc_sctsd&sid=GPS&xid=8522c721
NFL players and other vulnerable bodies. (2018, June 20). The Christian Century, 135(13), 7. Retrieved from https://link-galegroup-com.ezproxy.scottsdalecc.edu/apps/doc/A545566531/GPS?u=mcc_sctsd&sid=GPS&xid=5cd85549
Walls have eyes; Street-level surveillance. (2018, June 2). The Economist, 427(9094), 4(US). Retrieved from https://link-galegroup-com.ezproxy.scottsdalecc.edu/apps/doc/A540936985/GPS?u=mcc_sctsd&sid=GPS&xid=518ba081
Wolverton, J., II. (2015, September 21). What about police brutality? The New American, 31(18), 33+. Retrieved from https://link-galegroup-com.ezproxy.scottsdalecc.edu/apps/doc/A431081259/GPS?u=mcc_sctsd&sid=GPS&xid=d8bea259
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Scientology library: "Thomas Göldenitz"
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2 matching items found.
Page 1 of 1: ⇑ Latest ↑ Later Earlier ↓ Earliest ⇓
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Source: Al-Masry Al-Youm (Egypt)
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
/*
 * Module dependencies
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var assert = require('assert'),
    bootstrapFn = require('./support/bootstrapFn');

describe('Migratable Interface', function() {

  describe('migrate: "safe"', function() {

    it('should have the proper migrate setting when bootstrapping', function() {
      assert.equal(Migratable.Safe.migrate, 'safe');
    });

    it('should have NOT have tables', function(done) {
      Migratable.Safe.describe(function(err, schema) {
        assert(!err);
        assert(!schema);
        done();
      });
    });

  });
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Personnalités
 Hans von Berlepsch (1850-1915), ornithologue prussien.
 Hans Sittich von Berlepsch (1480-1533), chevalier.

Autres
 Famille von Berlepsch, famille noble allemande
 Berlepsch, cultivar de pommier

Homonymie de patronyme

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: How to get particular date in mysql? This is my query.
SELECT *
FROM `mystores`
WHERE `status`='0'
  AND DATE(`create_date`) < '2014-10-23'
  AND DATE(`create_date`) > '2014-10-17'

and it shows all the records between 2014-10-18 and 2014-10-22.
Now I want only 2014-10-18, 2014-10-20 and 2014-10-22 date's records.
If I run this query tomorrow, it should show 2014-10-19, 2014-10-21 and 2014-10-23
and My PHP code:
$sql="SELECT * FROM `mystores` WHERE `status`='0' AND  DATE(`create_date`) < '".date("Y-m-d", strtotime("-1 day"))."' AND DATE(`create_date`) > '".date("Y-m-d", strtotime("-7 days"))."'";

Is there any possible to get these records?
Thanks

A: SELECT *
FROM `mystores`
WHERE `status`='0'
  AND DATE(`create_date`) in (curdate() - interval 2 day,
                              curdate() - interval 4 day,
                              curdate() - interval 6 day)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


News1111 SALE for 3 days! 11% OFF ALL Products!
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11th November is a huge day for online shoppers as everywhere has sales!
We will be having a 3-day sale for this period starting right now! ALL of our products are on a 11% off, until 13th November 00:00hr! For in-house cables, there will be additional 11% off for the 2nd purchase!
All orders product lineups are at Carousell or Shopee, for which both are the official platforms for this promotion this time.
All prices in Carousell are before discounts!
Sales end on 13th Nov 00:00hr.
All purchases are pre-orders, sent out or ready for collection after minimum of 11 days from sales end.
Buyers will be kept notified of shipping/collection updates.
Shipping policy of respective products applies.
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In times when starting up a business can be hard-won, trusting where it should set foot first can be critical to your success. There a lot of other factors that contribute, sure, but location can also determine just how competent your start-up business will be in a sea of other enterprises.
Let's face it, cheap labor allows you to reap more of your money to making your business start out with a bang. The Philippine labor force opening to investors both foreign and local make cheap labor their selling point. Other than that, the quality of work our people offer is remarkable—even other nationals deeply commend.
As the universal language, English usually is the language used in businesses, especially in formal settings and in transactions between two different nationals.
The equation is simple. The more people have English as a common language, there is better flow of communication (which by the way is critical in any field or industry).
Social media has definitely become the forerunner platform in advertising. Every customer that gets the word out through a single post can reach multitudes. And Filipinos are crazy for their social media networks. They are always online. Just by keeping your content interesting and your online presence consistent, you could get your business in the buzz.
Co-working spaces offer all your needs, especially when it comes to startups. They can be rented out short-term and long-term. Foxhole, for example, guarantees you fast internet, comfortable space, and nifty common rooms that make work feel less like work.
Some co-working spaces even offer comprehensive packages to boost your own career and business support system that makes setting up a business and operations-wise a piece of cake. I know, operations. Thinking about all the paperwork and the process is, in itself, a headache on its own. But administration, from permits, to mail handling, to accounting can sound less heavy with Foxhole providing support and doing the work for you.
It's hard to take in all the provisions listed as to why the Philippines is a great location for a startup, but that's not all that it has to offer. In any startup, execution and operations are detrimental parts of determining success, and that's how business supports like Foxhole's service provide you just that.
The Philippines definitely is prime to any business (startup or perhaps a long-running one) because it prepares you to start with a great impression and continues you to administer to a steady-flowing business.
If you want to know more about what Foxhole has to offer, check out their website or contact them directly in the details below.
Eat, Pray, Love and Read The Book Of Ten – The Little Black Book of Life!


text:
Gold medal-winning gymnast Suni Lee, singer JoJo Siwa among the cast of ABC's 'Dancing with the Stars'
ABC/Laretta Houston
HomeEntertainmentGold medal-winning gymnast Suni Lee, singer JoJo Siwa among the cast of ABC's 'Dancing with the Stars'
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Lee and Siwa will appear live on Good Morning America Friday, while the remaining celebrity dancers will be revealed on Wednesday, September 8.
Siwa — who came out as a member of the LGBTQ+ community in January — will become the first contestant to be matched with a same-sex partner. In a promo clip, the 18-year-old said, "I am so excited to be a part of Dancing with the Stars, Season 30, and to be dancing with a girl…I think it's so cool."
The gymnast and the pop star and influencer, and the rest of the TBA stars, will be hoofing it when DWTS returns for its 30th season on Monday, September 20 at 8 p.m.
Bring on the sequins and the sparkles. ✨ We're SIWA excited for this! 🎀 #DWTS @itsjojosiwa pic.twitter.com/mzwezAm0An
— Dancing with the Stars #DWTS (@DancingABC) August 26, 2021
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MTV's 'The Real Friends of WeHo' cast teases what to expect
Hugh Jackman and the cast of 'The Son' on family dynamics, mental health
Playboy launches podcast series featuring stars recreating its most famous interviews


Lookup Public Records in Ulster County, New York. Including Vital Birth and Death Records, Deeds, Probate, Property Records, Mortgages, Liens, Judgments, Marriage Licenses, Voter Registrar, Payroll, Military Discharges.
Ulster County is located in the state of New York. The county was formed in 1683 and named after the Irish province of Ulster. Kingston is the largest city in the county and also the county seat. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a population of approximately 182,495 people and a total area of 1,161 square miles, of which 37 square miles is water and 1,124 square miles is land. Ulster County borders the following counties: Greene County to the north, Columbia County to the northeast, Dutchess County to the southeast, Orange County to the south, Sullivan County to the southwest, and Delaware County to the northwest.
As of 2015, Nina Postupack is the Ulster County Clerk. The county clerk's office acts as custodian of the records for the County. The office oversees records back to 1683, including maps, liens, judgments, mortgages, deeds, and civil and criminal actions. In addition, drivers' licenses, registrations for automobiles, and other motor vehicle transactions can be done at the county clerk's office.
Public records can be accessed either by visiting the County Clerk's office in person or doing a background check online. To do a public records search online, you will have to visit the Ulster County Clerk Website. Records that are available online date back to 1685 and include powers of attorney, deeds, mortgages, assignments, and satisfaction of mortgages, as well as many other document types. While on the website, remember to check the fee schedule. When requesting copies of instruments in person, make reference to the parties involved in the transactions and, if known, the filing or book and page number. This should be indicated in the written request that you will submit at the clerk's office. In addition, you can make telephone requests for recorded information for land records from 1984 to the present.


SciTech Join consolidates the contents of OSTI's Information Bridge and Vitality Citations Database. Mr. Weiner's appointment strengthens and expands consciousness and assist in the United States, making certain the safety and vitality of Israel through the advancement of a strong science and technology schooling for all its residents. Finally week's legislative meeting, 5 board members voted to place an early childhood center on the sci tech faculty.
Edith Everett – Chairman of the Board of Associates of Israel Sci-Tech faculty congratulated Mitch on joining the board and said Thanks to the interest and assist of Administrators like Mitch Weiner, we are coaching teenagers with imaginative and prescient, a creative spirit and a need to make a distinction to Israel and the world.
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An in-depth view of THE MAN, THE POPE, AND HIS MESSAGE, this Special Edition DVD marks the re-relese of a series of documentaries with epic proportions on the life and work of the iconic Pope John Paul II. The series was produced by Alberto Michelini, a renowned Italian journalist, with special arrangements and footage from the Vatican. Timeless footage over the span of approximately 5-hours delves deep into the life of Pope John Paul II and the heart of his messages. It features some of the most intimate moments captured on film, allowing you to enter into a breathtaking journey of his life's work and travels–and into his private life within the Vatican.
John Paul II follows the example of Jesus and lets "the little children come". This video chronicles the Pope's interaction with children throughout the world. He answers their questions with the warmth and humor of a loving father, yet responds to their serious concerns with directness and honesty. In Brazil, John Paul II speaks out passionately on the importance of all children and demands that none are allowed to be used or abused by others. His message to all children of the world .....to always treat others as you would like to be treated.
This film is an excellent opportunity to be inspired not only by the challenges that John Paul II places before the youth of the world, but by their response. Wherever he meets the "restless hearts of young people" the Pope is greeted with thunderous applause and joyful cheers. Young people listen attentively to his messages of hope and his call to be strong in their faith, not to be afraid and to evangelize the world. He listens to their concerns, answers their questions and shares in their celebrations of faith. From Los Angeles to Czestochowa to Africa, John Paul II shares his love for his young people, his "hope".
As you will see in this engaging film, John Paul II has dedicated much of his Pontificate to the support and encouragement of families. He shares with families all over the world his belief that, "The future of humanity lies in the hands of the family." He urges parents to appreciate one another and their children as gifts of God's love. All families are called to be loving communities where children learn love and reconciliation. Only then can they begin to change the societies in which they live. The Holy Father addresses many issues close to the hearts of Catholic families including, respect for all human life beginning at conception, the rights of women to remain full time homemakers, and the responsibility to fight politically when the rights of families are threatened.
This interesting film discusses Pope John Paul II and his Pontificate as seen through the eyes of Andre Frossard, journalist, author and personal friend of the Holy Father. Fossard points out how John Paul II's early experiences in Poland have given him a unique understanding of the oppressed people of the world and have led him to become the "Pope for Human Rights". The film observes the Holy Father in his efforts to unite the Church through personal contact with her people on many levels. Frossard shares with the viewer an intimate portrait of this great spiritual leader.
From the colorful rituals of the Hindu in India to the ceremonies of the native peoples of Fiji, share Pope John Paul II's perspectives on the spirituality of all God's people whatever their religion. Follow his unceasing efforts to unite the world's religions in the pursuit of peace through dialogue and prayer.
The Holy Father's devotion to the Blessed Mother is never more apparent as in this film highlighting his pilgrimages to Marian Shrines throughout the world. From Fatima, Portugal where the he consecrates the world to the Blessed Mother to Guadalupe, Mexico for the beatification of Juan Diego, Pope John Paul II repeatedly prays for the protection of Our Lady for all people. In fact, he credits The Blessed Mother for protecting him when an attempt was made on his life in May 1981. At that time John Paul II once again rededicated himself to her service.
LIGHT AT MIDNIGHT HISTORIC EVENTS IN THE EAST From the early days of his Pontificate, John Paul II involved himself in the passionate defense of man and his rights. Beginning with his groundbreaking visits to Prague and Poland, this film follows the chain of events leading to the fall of Communism and reflects on the important role the Holy Father played during this dramatic period in history. The viewer will be inspired by his messages of faith, courage and freedom to the people of eastern Europe and truly appreciate his proclamation at Czestochowa in 1991 that " the Church in Europe can now breathe freely with both lungs."
This film is a moving account of the Holy Father's crusade to defend human dignity. He visits the poor and oppressed in Ecuador and Brazil and comforts the seriously ill in India and Africa, expressing his deep compassion and affection for all. John Paul II declares that the church and society have a responsibility to safeguard human rights. Those who accumulate excessive wealth are reminded that "Earthly goods were created by God for the good of everyone." Oppressive governments are advised that "War develops where inalienable rights are violated".
The Holy Father makes it a point to visit with workers and laborers wherever he travels. In this film we see that whether speaking to the poor workers of Peru, Venezuela or Ecuador or the more affluent in countries like Australia, Italy or Germany, his message is clear....all men have the right to work and it is the workers that count, not the profits or machinery. He reminds all that economic development must not take precedence over the rights of human beings. John Paul II's own experience as a laborer convinced him that God created man to work and everyone has the right to work for his own human dignity.
This unique film provides an intimate look at how and where the Holy Father spends his time. Whether in prayer in his private chapel or in public audience, John Paul II is always "at work". Even time spent hiking in the mountains is time spent in prayer and reflection. This video presents a rare opportunity to observe the Pope as he performs his many duties on a daily basis.
Feed the hungry, give drink to the thirsty, clothe the naked, shelter the homeless, visit the sick and the imprisoned, bury the dead.
The provocations have in these days attained their height. The furies of Hell rage now. The chastisement of God is inevitable.
Sodom, but Sodom would not listen to Me, nor do the people listen to Me nowadays, nor heed My warnings, therefore they will incur the sad experience of My wrath which they deserve.


Your small business marketing strategy may go up in smoke because of this one fundamental mistake.
When it comes to marketing your small business, there's no shortage of advice out there. Everyone's trying to make noise in the marketplace.
That would be great if the advice were mostly good. But sadly that's not the case. Most of what you'll find is mediocre at best, and often just plain bad or misleading.
WHAT DOES IT REALLY MEAN TO "FIND YOUR NICHE"?
If you do a little online research on "find your niche", you'll notice a theme. Most will tell you to pick a target audience that is very specific. While that sounds nice at first, what typically happens is that small business owners take it too far and end up with a niche that can't sustain a long-term business—like female vegan marathon champions who practice daily meditation.
Don't get caught in the trap of choosing a target customer that's so specific no one else would bother to go after them. While it may work for a select few, for many it holds back what could be a blooming business. Think about it… there's probably a reason no one else would go after a target that's THAT specific (hint: there's so few of them).
On the other end of the spectrum, some business owners throw their hands up and just go after the biggest applicable audience they can think of… like moms… or Millennials (i.e., people in their 20s and 30s). That's not great either, because it's so non-specific that it lacks relevance.
The real problem here is that most business owners (and marketing "experts") view this scenario as a choice between a winnable audience size and a meaningful opportunity size. They imagine a scale with two sides, balancing winnability with opportunity to try and get things just right.
How can I differentiate so that I can stand out and win in the marketplace?
Framed this way, you'll discover there are other "levers to pull" that can make your business more competitive without necessarily sacrificing opportunity size.
If you want to win against the competition, consider the following questions. By answering them, you can uncover new ways to stand out and be a unique solution without narrowing your audience to a pointless size.
Whom do you uniquely serve?
What's the unique problem you solve?
How do you uniquely solve the problem?
What does your customer uniquely get as a result?
You'll notice the first question resembles "find your niche". But, framed in this way, it simply asks you to think about who isn't properly served in the marketplace as opposed to just trying to pick a small audience size.
The remaining three questions each present their own opportunity for differentiation. Not only can they help you create a stronger, winning strategy, but they can also give you new inspiration for customer messaging that stands out.
Uber didn't choose a small audience size when starting up. They chose to go after a very big market with lots of competition. But they set out to solve problems no one else had solved (expensive cabs, confusing phone numbers, long waits, poor in-cab experience), in a unique way (with smart phones and apps as the catalyst), and gave their customers what they had been longing for (greater convenience at a lower cost).
WHICH MARKETING STRATEGY IS RIGHT FOR YOU?
We need to acknowledge that every small business is different. We can't all follow the same marketing strategy effectively.
Yes, there will be some that benefit from choosing a more specific audience, and in some cases that means a smaller one. But there are others that would benefit from considering the Uber example.
It's really up to you. At the very least, I encourage you to consider your options and think for yourself. That applies to both the strategy and tactics you choose to implement in your small business marketing.
Use the questions I've presented here to help with your positioning strategy. Then, if you'd also like some guidance with tactics, you can download the free guide: Find the Right Marketing Tactics That Work For You.
Use the buttons at the top of the page to share this post. You can also subscribe to receive blog and article updates.
Kevin Namaky founded Gurulocity, a marketing education company, to help small business owners develop clear, custom marketing strategies that work for them. As a brand marketing leader and former Head of Strategy at a global consulting firm, he created billions in new value for companies big and small. He now brings those marketing secrets to small businesses everywhere. Connect with Kevin on LinkedIn and join the private community exclusively for small business owners.
Either way, you make a good point. It's not necessarily about finding a gap in the market, but finding a market in the gap.
Hi Gee. I agree and you make a good point. It's not that finding a niche is inherently bad. But there are a lot of small businesses that struggle because they misinterpret what it really means for their business. And a lot of what you read out there online isn't helping.
© 2016-2019 GURULOCITY, LLC. Cincinnati, Ohio. All rights reserved.


text:
The 2004 Rink Hockey Men's B World Championship was the 36th edition of the Rink Hockey B World Championship, held from October 16 to 23, in Macau.

The champion was Catalonia, that had obtained a FIRS provisional membership few months before the tournament. However, FIRS did not endorse final acceptance of Catalonia for subsequent editions.

Format
Competition's schedule included 11 countries, divided in two groups, but North Korea withdrew a few days before the opening.

Matches
All times are Macau local time (UTC+8).

Group stage

Group A

Group B

9th and 10th places

5th place bracket

Championship Knockout stage

Final standings

B
Rink Hockey Men's B World Championship
Men's B World Championship
International sports competitions hosted by Macau
Roller hockey in Macau
International roller hockey competitions hosted by China


text:
From Samizdat to Tamizdat: a Vienna meeting
https://english.radio.cz/samizdat-tamizdat-a-vienna-meeting-8615641#player=on
Length of audio 10:10
From September 12-15, 2006 the Austrian capital of Vienna played host to the first-ever international conference devoted exclusively to the phenomenon of central European samizdat and tamizdat networks. Hosted by the Vienna Institute for Human Sciences, in cooperation with German, American and Hungarian-based scholarly institutions, the meeting brought together a group including members of the former democratic opposition in communist Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Russia, as well as scholars and journalists who write about this period of contemporary history. The four-day conference entitled 'From Samizdat to Tamizdat: Dissident media crossing borders before and after 1989' offered a chance to discuss topics of common interest pertaining to a historical period still little-explored.
As it so often happens in academic circles, a chance meeting at Oxford in 2001 is responsible for the collaboration between Jessie Labov, a literary scholar from the United States, and Friederike Kind-Kovacs, a historian from Germany. The two young scholars met at a conference, decided to collaborate in their work on tamizdat topics, and Friederike Kind-Kovacs describes how the idea for the 'From Samizdat to Tamizdat' conference came about during a phone conversation in January 2005:
"We discussed the idea of bringing our PhD topics together and making a conference out of it. And then, we had always been working on tamizdat, but it was so closely connected to samizdat, and we thought: it's perfect to make this conference about the transfer of literature from the underground to the West."
What resulted was the first-ever international conference devoted to the history and legacy of central European samizdat, and its interaction with western-based tamizdat periodicals such as Aneks, Lettre Internationale, Listy, Kontinent, or Kultura.
Panel proceedings, photo: Linda Mastalir
Central European samizdat and tamizdat may seem far-removed from the world of an American graduate student, but Jessie Labov, a literary scholar now based at Stanford University in California, talks about how she became interested in the subject:
"It happened mainly because I was working on all kinds of different literatures of immigration. So it started with tamizdat for me in a big way. I was mostly interested in activity in the United States, but as I got to know émigrés and learn more about their general outlook, I realized that it wasn't limited to the States. Nothing about their world was on one side of the Atlantic—everything was trans-Atlantic. So, I guess that I became more and more interested in trying to make some connection between the underground in the East, and let's say, the above-ground in the West."
To be more specific, were you interested in any particular émigré communities in the United States?
Jessie Labov and Friederike Kind-Kovacs, photo: Linda Mastalir
"Yes, I was mostly interested in the Polish émigré community to begin with. But the journal that I wrote my thesis on—it's called Cross Currents and was published at the University of Michigan in the 1980s—it actually contains articles from all of the countries in central Europe, from Poland and Lithuania, all the way down to Yugoslavia. And it was in English, so it was directed towards many émigré communities at once."
And Friederike Kind-Kovacs, a historian now working on her PhD in Potsdam, remembers how she discovered the world of central European intellectual thought while working on her M.A. in Scotland:
"I think it was in 2001. I was at St. Andrews University in Scotland, working together with a Czech professor and I got really interested in the central European idea. And then because I didn't really speak any of the central European languages, my professor suggested, 'Why don't you have a look at this New York Review of Books.' Me, as a German, had no idea what that magazine was. I went to the archive of St. Andrews University and looked at these big issues and I got really excited about it, and then I read this huge amount of articles and I thought, why the hell did all these American intellectuals get interested in this stuff? So I wrote my Masters thesis about the New York Review of Books, and then in the next step I thought that perhaps I could develop it into the question of why intellectuals in the West get interested in the underground."
Paul Petzschmann, photo: Linda Mastalir
Paul Petzschmann, who is finishing his PhD at Oxford University and presented on dissident writing and political theory in the German Democratic Republic, shares what he found noteworthy about the Vienna conference:
"Well, the first thing that struck me at this conference was that there was a very interesting mix: not only were there academics working on samizdat and tamizdat publications and authors, but there was also a surprising number of activists who were active dissidents in eastern Europe at the time, and of journalists, of people from Radio Free Europe and other media outlets which I think made for a very creative mix.
The one thing that I would personally take away from the conference is surprisingly, things I learned during the session on the new media and the relevance of samizdat and tamizdat in the 1990s. Because if now, as so many people said at the conference, the medium now seems to be the message, what does this leave us, as political theorists, to do, really? So it's really left me with some profound questions which I'm going to puzzle over for the next couple of months to come, I'm sure."
Antonin Liehm, Eugeniusz Smolar, and Jirina Siklova, photo: Linda Mastalir
Among the older generation present—those who actively participated in the production and circulation of samizdat, and in tamizdat publishing—was also the Paris-based Czech journalist, film critic and writer, Antonin Liehm, who left Czechoslovakia after 1968 and among other things, established the periodical Lettre Internationale. Now 82 years of age, Antonin Liehm shares his impressions of a conference devoted to themes that dominated his activity in exile:
"I didn't learn very much because all these things have been not only discussed, but archived and everything, so you don't learn very much. What is interesting are the people who have never lived through it, but who know about it from books and so forth, and then eventually they write dissertations on these subjects, which is the thing because good historians are those who didn't experience the event, who were born after and write later. So in this respect it was interesting.
I was a little bit disappointed because it was not specified very much that the period we are talking about is the period of the 1970s and 1980s. And the second thing is that, you know, the thing is the history is interesting because it's a history of contradictions. We still live very much in a period of political correctness, and that means that we still live in a period of consensus and conformity. And so I believe that a conference like this in ten or fifteen years, when people like myself or even younger people will not be here any longer, that would be in a way interesting because people will not have the sense of being involved personally."
Eugeniusz Smolar, Linda Mastalir, Irena Grudzinska-Gross
On the last evening of the conference, organizers Jessie Labov and Friederike Kind-Kovacs reflected on how the meeting in Vienna turned out:
Labov: "Well, it really startled me, how many of these people hadn't met each other before or had a conversation with each other before about parallel activities. I kind of assumed that they all talked about it amongst themselves and we just hadn't heard the conversation, but apparently not."
Kind-Kovacs: "We just picked out people from our research topics and invited them together, and I think that it really worked out. There was an inter-generational dialogue, and I thought that it could have been really conflictive if the old ones tell the young ones how they should do it, or the other way around, but they sort of got together and really discussed the topic."
Any inspirations here for topics that you may want to take-up in future research?
Labov: "Absolutely. In fact, I am now ready to write a paper that I proposed six months ago, about broadcasting amplification and distortion, and every single paper I heard here gave me a new idea for it. So now it will be too long, but now I really have a paper."
Kind-Kovacs: "And I think that I would like to do something on 'from tamizdat to samizdat,' and I don't mean the texts, but broadcasts. What effect did broadcasting have on the societies inside? Because we always were only addressing the questions regarding the western audience, but I think that if it gets back there are many questions to solve."
Four days of discussions proved that the community working on and related to the history of central European samizdat and tamizdat has many rich topics to explore, some of which we'll look at in future programs here on Radio Prague.
Author: Linda Maštalíř
Eda Kriseová, Part 1: I understood the meaning of normalisation at Jan Zajíc's funeral
Underground under Communism: It wasn't only rock 'n' roll – and Czechs liked it
On the Czech periphery: Communist-era hippie communes, samizdat, and post-'89 zine culture
Czech-born author and publisher Marketa Goetz Stankiewicz


International organization for migration, Mission to Ukraine, (IOM) on 09 July 2018 announces a public tender for the supply and delivery of winterization kits in the framework of the project «Provision of Lifesaving Non-Food Items and WASH Support for the Most Vulnerable Households in Luhansk and Donetsk», supported by the Central Emergency Response Fund.
Price List template (Form-2) may be downloaded here.
Vendor information sheet template may be downloaded here.
Code of conduct for Suppliers may be downloaded here.
Companies wishing to participate in the tender should submit originals of bids on or before 12:00 25 July 2018 (tender's deadline), along with the supporting documents, listed in the Bidding Documents.


Artist's rendering of the future Sportsplex, which will be located beside the newly completed skate park in Queen's Park. The building will provide space for programs once offered at the Queen's Park Arenex.
A replacement for the Queen's Park Arenex is on track to open this time next year – and to last longer than previously planned.
On March 11, city council received an update about the Queen's Park Sportsplex project, which is nearing the end of the conceptual design stage. The 12,000-square-foot building will be located on the old reservoir/tennis court site in Queen's Park, next to the newly completed skate park.
The Arenex was destroyed in December 2016, when its roof collapsed. Since then, programs offered at the Arenex have been scattered to various temporary locations.
According to a staff report, the Sportsplex will include a reception area, universal washroom/change room, storage space for gymnastics and trampoline equipment and an 8,000-square-foot gym, which is smaller than the Arenex. The gym will accommodate all of the programs that were offered at the Arenex.
"Now that we have council's endorsement for the scope of the project and the schematic design aspects of it, we are moving ahead 100 miles an hour to get that design finalized and get all of the appropriate contracts awarded so we can get construction underway," said Dean Gibson, the city's director of parks and recreation.
In June 2017, council approved the development of a 24,000-square-foot structure that consisted of a fabric membrane over a rigid metal frame, but by mid-2018 the city was pursuing plans for a 14,000-square-foot building over a metal frame. The new plan consists of a steel structure with a steel frame and steel exterior.
According to Driedger, the city expects to go out to tender in the summer, begin construction at the end of August and complete the building in early 2020. The Sportsplex has a budget of $5.5 million, with $4.4 million coming from insurance moneys from related to the Arenex, $1.1 million coming from grants and the balance coming from city reserves.
While the city is working toward a March 2020 completion date for the facility, Gibson said it will have a more accurate timeline once it awards the construction contract, as the contractor will commit to a specific timeline. He said the steel structure will be more durable and have a longer lifecycle than what was previously proposed.
"We are not referring to it as a temporary facility any longer," Gibson said.
While the size of the gym is smaller than what was first proposed, Gibson said it will still accommodate all the programs that had been offered in the Arenex.
"It's mainly trying to balance costs versus funding versus our programming expectations," he said, when asked why it's smaller than previously proposed. "The actual size of the floor area that will be used for programming is not significant enough that it's going to have an impact on the core programs that have ran there in the past. In some cases we are in a slightly better position because we have generally a higher ceiling over the entire building than what we had in the Arenex."


afterpressure is a topic covered in the Taber's Medical Dictionary.
Venes, Donald, editor. "Afterpressure." Taber's Medical Dictionary, 23rd ed., F.A. Davis Company, 2017. Nursing Central, nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Tabers-Dictionary/732068/all/afterpressure.
Afterpressure. In: Venes D, ed. Taber's Medical Dictionary. 23rd ed. F.A. Davis Company; 2017. https://nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Tabers-Dictionary/732068/all/afterpressure. Accessed April 21, 2019.
Afterpressure [Internet]. In: Venes D, editors. Taber's Medical Dictionary. F.A. Davis Company; 2017. [cited 2019 April 21]. Available from: https://nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Tabers-Dictionary/732068/all/afterpressure.


There are very few injuries that could be as painful or devastating as burn injuries... if any at all. Perhaps, more than the intense albeit temporary pain it brings, it is the emotional pain that makes burn injuries dreaded by many. Statistics show that there are a large number of burn injuries that occur every year. The National Institute of Health records about 1.25 million reported cases out of which about 7,000 deaths occur each year. If you or someone you know was affected by burn injuries arising from the negligence of others, you should hire the burn injury lawyers at the PM Law Firm to help you with your claim.
Burn injuries are classified into first, second, third or fourth degree burns depending on the severity of the injury.
First degree burns: This category is the least severe and it refers to the burn injuries that affect only the outer layer of the skin. First degree burns are usually painful but since only the epidermis is affected, they typically heal up within a week.
Third degree burns: A third-degree burn does not stop at destroying the outer and inner layers of the skin. The underlying tissues including muscles, tendons, nerves, and bones are affected. Some third-degree burns may not be very painful if the nerves that are responsible for the sensation of pain are affected.
Fourth degree burns: A fourth-degree burn is the most severe and most devastating kind of burn. It destroys all layers of the skin and it goes deep into the underlying tissues. Nerves, bones, muscles, tendons, and fat tissues are all affected and the patient may be left with severe physical impairment.
From an explosion at the workplace to road accidents, a burn injury can arise from many sources. Below is a quick summary of the major causes of severe burn injuries.
Electrical burns: Severe burns could arise from an exposure to a very high voltage. This type of burn injury is usually fatal as the high voltage could easily lead to cardiac arrest.
Chemical burns: Laboratory or industrial chemicals are also capable of causing severe burn injuries. Exposure to these chemicals as a result of the negligence of another party could have devastating consequences.
Radiation burn: Serious burn injuries could also arise from an exposure to radiation. This is the reason why workers that work in such industries should be offered appropriate protection. Besides the trauma radiation burns can cause, they can also lead to various types of cancers and genetic mutations.
Explosions at the workplace: Negligence in the storage of chemicals or maintenance/operation of equipment and machinery can lead to explosions at the workplace. The negligent party should not be allowed to roam freely while you suffer the devastating consequences.
Road accidents: The vehicles involved in road accidents can also go up in flames and this could lead to severe burns in the victims.
A burn injury is a traumatic experience for anyone. It might take years to get back to something close to normal and often, the damage done by severe burn injuries is permanent. Treatment could involve long periods of hospitalization and complex surgeries, physical rehabilitation as well as mental rehabilitation. The costs of these treatments add up quickly and you do not have to go through it alone - especially if the injury was caused by someone else. Our experienced burn injury lawyers at the PM Law Firm have handled many complex burn cases and we boast an impressive success rate. You might be wondering if your injury was really caused by another party's negligence. All you need do is get in touch with us and we can help you figure out all the details regarding your claim.
The insurance companies of the negligent parties may try to push you into settling for a paltry compensation that pales in comparison to what you truly deserve. You should not rush to accept these compensations because you may not be able to revisit the case if you do. You should have experienced and trusted attorneys while going through the negotiation process. Our burn injury attorneys have seen numerous cases and we are very much aware of how the cases could progress. We are ready to help you take a giant step towards getting your life back. Contact us at PM Law Firm today.


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Recent FDA/Solicitor General Preemption Amicus Filing – Riegel
By Bexis on November 29, 2007
We must have been a little asleep at the switch, because, several weeks ago, now, the Solicitor General, on behalf of the FDA, filed the government's merits amicus brief in the Riegel v. Medtronic PMA express preemption case. We didn't find out about it (and none of you told us – hey, we can whine like plaintiffs when we try) until yesterday. Anyway, since we're big fans of medical device (and all kinds of) preemption, we're happy – if belated – puppies.
Here's a link to the SG's Riegel merits amicus brief. As regular readers probably recall, the SG also filed an amicus brief at the petition stage as well. In our post about that earlier brief we mentioned (among others) the following arguments made by the government. Rather than repeat ourselves (and because we've already dissected the Kent amicus brief today, and we're getting tired) we'll simply give the new citations (if any) to the merits brief after the prior bullet points:
FDA pre-market approval ("PMA") of a Class III device imposes preemptive federal "requirements" as meant by §360k(a) of the Medical Device Amendments ("MDA") to the FDCA. Riegel SG/FDA Merits br. at 6, 11 ("FDA's premarket approval gives specific content to those general requirements as applied to a particular device"), 24 (requirements "include the specific design and labeling requirements imposed as part of the PMA process").
PMA is in no way comparable to the less rigorous form of marketing clearance at issue in Medtronic, Inc. v. Lohr, 518 U.S. 470 (1996). Riegel SG/FDA Merits br. at 3, 7-11, 13, 22-23.
Lohr recognized the FDA's "significant role" in defining the preemptive scope of the MDA and gave "significant weight" to the Agency's construction of the statute (so the Court should listen to the government just as much here). Riegel SG/FDA Merits br. at 23-24.
PMA is the Agency's judgment about the safety and efficacy of the device, and once PMA is granted, the manufacturer cannot make any safety-related changes to its device without a supplemental application requiring further FDA approval. Riegel SG/FDA Merits br. at 3, 13 ("respondent could not have lawfully marketed a product that deviated from the approved version nor made any changes affecting the safety or efficacy of the device, including labeling changes, without first submitting a supplemental application to FDA"), 15.
Common law product liability claims can impose "requirements" under §360k(a), Riegel SG/FDA Merits br. 16-19 (rejecting various arguments that would exclude state tort claims, generally, from preemption), and claims alleging that the PMA device is "defective," would impose requirements "inconsistent' with the FDA's requirements imposed via PMA. Thus the conflicting tort claims are expressly preempted. Id. at 4-5, 7, 20-22.
FDA PMA involves rigorous review of the adequacy of product labeling/warnings. Riegel SG/FDA Merits br. at 12-14, 22.
FDA's "current judgment" reflects the withdrawal of the proposed rule that was the basis for the Agency's contrary position in an amicus brief (Kernats) filed with the Court in 1998. Also, the FDA has adopted different risk-management principles since 1998. Riegel SG/FDA Merits br. at 24.
So what did the government say that was new in Riegel? Some pretty interesting stuff, it turns out, much of which can be of use on the drug side of the preemption wars. For example, the government challenges the same kind of "these are only minimum standards" argument that plaintiffs commonly make in drug cases – and it specifically cites to the NDA standards that apply to drugs in making the argument:
Contrary to petitioners' contention that FDA reviews devices only for "minimum standards" of safety and effectiveness, the MDA directs FDA to weigh any probable benefit to health from the use of the device against any probable risk of injury or illness from such use. Under that standard, FDA conducts a risk-benefit analysis to determine whether safety risks (whatever their magnitude) are warranted in light of the potential benefits. FDA's risk-benefit balancing for devices is parallel to the risk-benefit balancing it undertakes pursuant to 21 U.S.C. 355(d) as part of the pre-market approval process for drugs.
Riegel brief at 11 (emphasis added). Of course, this isn't anything that the FDA hasn't said directly about the plaintiffs' "minimum standard" canard in the Final Rule, but if the Supreme Court were to accept the analogy while deciding Riegel, that would go a long way to interring the drug regulation as "minimum standards" point once and for all.
There's another area where the government has offered views, that if analogized to the drug area, would be exceedingly helpful to defendants' preemption positions. Probably the most commonly advanced argument against preemption is that the FDA's "changes being effected" regulation (21 C.F.R. §314.60(c)(6)) defeats preemption because it allows manufacturers to strengthen warnings in advance of any FDA approval. Well, government in Riegel construes (in a regulatory construction that's entitled to considerable deference from the courts) a similar regulation governing devices (21 C.F.R. 814.39(d)) narrowly – but we believe properly – as involving only "new" information:
While petitioners argue that applicants may make some changes without prior FDA approval, that is true only in very limited circumstances that do not appear to apply here. Some changes in labeling. . .may go into effect before FDA review if they enhance the safety of the device. [citing regulation] As FDA recently explained. . ., however, even those types of changes may be made without prior FDA approval only if the manufacturer has newly acquired safety-related information that was not previously considered by the FDA. Unilateral changes based on information available at the time of FDA's approval could upset FDA's balance of health risks and benefits, and thus undermine the PMA process. Indeed, it would make little if any sense to permit unilateral changes immediately following FDA's approval based on the same information that FDA had already considered.
Riegel br. at 13-14 (citations and quotation marks omitted) (emphasis added). The government goes on to argue that changes affecting both safety and efficacy can't be made without pre-approval, id. at 14, but the citation suggests that this particular point is device-specific.
We've previously advocated precisely this type new/emergent-information limitation on the drug CBE regulation, and we're pleased to see the government making basically the same argument in the device field. We think this point is precisely right, because CBE-type regulations should not be construed so that the minor exception they provide to the FDA pre-approval requirement of 21 U.S.C. §355(a) is not misconstrued to swallow the rule.
Also as to pre-approval changes, the government strongly asserts that they do not affect the FDA's ultimate control about what goes into the label:
[I]n any event, the statute and regulations vest in FDA, not States or juries, the authority to accept or reject the changes, whether or not the manufacturer has put them into effect in the meantime.
Riegel br. at 14.
Along the same lines, the government makes the same overwarning/overdeterrence arguments in Riegel that we've come to know and love on the drug side since the 2006 Final Rule. Br. at 12-13. Again, since the government specifically analogizes to drugs, any adoption of the argument by the Supreme Courts helps out on the drug side as well.
More generally, the government makes useful statements about the effect of state tort litigation upon FDA safety and effectiveness determinations – the same standard used by the Agency to approve drugs:
Permitting a state jury to impose liability on the basis that a device FDA found to be safe and effective is not safe or effective would clearly interfere with the agency's ability to utilize the premarket approval process to balance the risks and benefits of Class III medical devices. . . . [P]remarket approval reflects FDA's expert determination that a device is on balance beneficial to human health, and therefore should be on the market. In such circumstances, a jury's imposition of liability based on a device's FDA-approved design or label would interfere with the balance struck by Congress in the MDA, and by FDA in approving the particular device.
Riegel br. at 21. While the language is wonderful for makers of PMA devices, drug defendants need to be careful, because it's rather broader than the six specified preemption areas that the FDA identified in the 2006 Final Rule – probably due to the difference between express preemption in devices and implied preemption in drugs.
We've also seen in some litigation (especially in states that require alternative design as an element of a products claim), claims that seek to compare a particular drugs unfavorably to others in their class – and arguing that they're "defective" because other drugs are "safer." There's a discussion in the government's brief that gives some indication that the FDA's approval process already takes such comparisons into account, and thus correspondingly implies that FDA approval means that such negative comparisons to other drugs were necessarily considered and rejected by the FDA:
In determining whether benefits outweigh risks, FDA may also consider the availability of other drugs, devices, or courses of treatment, as well as their safety profiles. . . . FDA "must determine if each new drug or device is safe enough in view of its anticipated benefits and the comparative benefit of other available treatments. . . . If similar, safer products are on the market, the agency requires a heightened health benefit to justify the heightened risk.
Riegel brief at 12. It's a bit of a stretch, but since there was very little along these lines before….
Useful device-specific preemption points include: (1) The FDA does more than just rubber-stamp approve submitted designs, but rather can (and frequently does) "condition" approval on specific design changes being made." Id. at 14-15. (2) The evolution of the MDA's express preemption provision suggests that it was expanded from types of "requirements" that would not include common law, to "any requirement" that does encompass state tort claims. Id. at 19. (3) Why PMA preemption is different from Bates v. Dow Agrosciences LLC, 544 U.S. 431 (2005) – because of the express safety and effectiveness determinations made by PMA. Riegel br. at 25-26. (4) Arguments that state law escapes preemption when it applies to things other than just devices incorrectly read the statute, are "illogical" in practice, and cannot be reconciled with Lohr. Id. at 26-30. (5) The presumption against preemption does not defeat preemption. Id. at 30.
As you can tell, we're quite in agreement with the government's arguments in Riegel. No real surprise there. As for why it's important enough to devote an entire relatively long post to what's after all just a brief, read our earlier post, where we explain a little bit about administrative deference principles and agency amicus briefs. When the government does it, it's more than just a brief.
Tags: FDA On Preemption, Riegel


text:
Río Grande de Matagalpa je významná řeka ve Střední Americe. Celé její povodí se rozkládá ve státě Nikaragua. Svojí délkou 430 km je druhou nejdelší řekou v Nikaragui po řece Coco.

Průběh toku
Pramení blízko města Matagalpa ve stejnojmenném departementu. Od pramene řeka směřuje jihozápadním směrem, po cca 25 km se otáčí a zbytek toku směřuje východním směrem, Protéká severní částí autonomního regionu Costa Caribe Sur

Využití
Zatímco na horním toku je krajina kolem řeky hustě zalidněna a ekonomicky využívána, dolní tok řeky prochází tropickým deštným lesem bez významnějšího lidského osídlení. Při ústí řeky do Karibského moře se vyskytují bažiny a mangrovové porosty. Na řece (především na horním toku) je vystavěno několik vodních elektráren.

Externí odkazy

Řeky v Nikaragui
Přítoky Karibského moře


text:
Salvador Meliá (born 1 April 1977) is a Spanish former track cyclist. He competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics and the 2004 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1977 births
Living people
Spanish male cyclists
Olympic cyclists of Spain
Cyclists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Valencia
Cyclists from the Valencian Community


text:
Woonsocket 11-12 all-stars roll into finals
Woonsocket runner Dante Yantin, right, gets ready to slide across the plate with his team's second run as Burrillville catcher Adam Decesare awaits the throw home in the top of the second inning. Woonsocket went on to take the lead with a five-run rally in the top of the fourth inning and roll to a 15-3 victory. (Breeze photos by Eric Benevides)
Win over Smithfield sends ballclub into Saturday's District IV title game in Lincoln
By ERIC BENEVIDES Valley Breeze Sports Editor
SMITHFIELD – The Woonsocket Little League's Major Division ages 10-11 all-star baseball team is on the verge of winning the District IV championship.
Two days after blasting Burrillville in its double-elimination tourney opener at Lajoie Field, Woonsocket won a nailbiter in its winners' bracket final against Smithfield on Monday night at Whipple Field.
Woonsocket only collected three hits off Smithfield pitcher Jacob Shunney, but the all-stars made them count in a three-run, fourth-inning rally that erased a 2-0 deficit and helped them eke out a 3-2 victory.
Woonsocket's reward for winning this contest is a berth in Saturday afternoon's title game (at a time to be announced) at Lincoln's Hien Field against the winner of Wednesday's losers' bracket final between Lincoln, which has won the last two district titles, and Smithfield.
Monday night's game saw Woonsocket receive a superb outing from starting pitcher Joe Greenless, who held Smithfield to four hits in his five innings of work. Greenless struck out four batters, walked no one, and set down the final nine batters he faced.
Patrick Munger pitched the sixth inning and picked up a save by retiring three of the four batters he saw.
Smithfield scored its first run in the bottom of the second on a run-scoring single by Cameron Caprio and doubled its lead in the third on a sacrifice fly to center by Shunney, but Woonsocket stormed back in the fourth.
A bloop single to right by Munger and a four-pitch walk to Greenless set the stage for Dante Yantin's RBI single to center. Shunney got the next batter to tap back to the mound, but Julius Perez then walked and Greenless scored the tying run on Jackson Poore's slow roller to second.
Ty Chhourn then gave Woonsocket the lead by driving in Yantin with a sharp single to left.
Woonsocket had a golden opportunity to add to its lead in the sixth, as back-to-back infield errors put runners in scoring position with no one out. But Shunney struck out the next two batters he faced and got his final one to ground out to third.
In Woonsocket's tournament opener last Saturday morning, the all-star fell behind 3-0 in the bottom of the first inning on a bases-clearing double by Burrillville's Dylan Lafleur, but Woonsocket took over the rest of the morning and rolled to a 15-3 win.
After a two-run single to center in the second by Dylan Nickerson cut Woonsocket's deficit to a run, the all-stars erupted for five runs in the fourth, two in the fifth, and six more in the sixth.
Woonsocket belted 14 hits in the game, with Yantin leading the charge by going 4-for-4 with four runs scored. Leadoff batter Braylon Guilbeault collected three hits, one of them a bases-loaded triple, and ended up with four RBIs; Jonah Silva also had two hits, and along with Nickerson and Chhourn, drove in a pair of runs.
Greenless, Guilbeault, and Munger also teamed up on a three-hitter on the mound that saw Guilbeault pick up the win by pitching 2 1/3 innings of one-hit relief.
While the news was good for Woonsocket on Monday night, it was the opposite for the league's 8-10 all-star team, which suffered a 10-0 loss to Smithfield in its winners' bracket game at Lajoie Field.
Woonsocket was back in action on Wednesday night, taking on Lincoln for the right to face Smithfield again in Saturday afternoon's title game (at a time to be announced) at Hien Field.
As for the 11-12 all-stars, their run to the District IV finals came to an end on Sunday night at Hien Field when they suffered their second loss of the double-elimination tourney, falling to Lincoln, 7-4.
Owners of a 4-1 lead after five innings of play, Woonsocket, which had dropped its tournament opener to Burrillville on June 29 by a 4-0 score, fell victim to a stunning six-run rally in the top of the sixth inning by Lincoln.
Bryan Guy had pitched the first five innings for Woonsocket and limited Lincoln to four hits, two walks, and a third-inning run. Offensively, Woonsocket received a two-run triple from Adrian Escalera in the fourth, a solo home run by Angel Arocho in the fifth, and a single and a triple from Josiah Ortega.
Woonsocket shortstop Braylon Guilbeault makes a tough throw on the infield grass after fielding a slow grounder in the bottom of the first inning of last Saturday morning's tournament opener against Burrillville at Lajoie Field. Guilbeault did it all for Woonsocket, as he also pitched 2 1/3 innings of scoreless relief and collected three hits and four RBIs at the plate.
Woonsocket pitcher Joe Greenless picked up the win in Monday night's 3-2 victory over Smithfield by tossing five innings of four-hit ball, striking out four batters, and retiring the final nine batters he faced.
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text:
Beta-2 Microglobulin in Whole Unstimulated Saliva Can Effectively Distinguish Between Sjögren's Syndrome and Non-Autoimmune Sicca Symptoms
Janett RIEGA-TORRES1, Guillermo DELGADO-GARCÍA2, Julio César SALAS-ALANÍS3, Cassandra SKINNER-TAYLOR1, Lorena PÉREZ-BARBOSA1, Mario GARZA-ELIZONDO1, Celia Nohemí SÁNCHEZ-DOMÍNGUEZ4, Luis Ángel CECEÑAS-FALCÓN5, Karim MOHAMED-NORIEGA6, Jesús MOHAMED-HAMSHO6, David VEGA-MORALES1
1Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
2Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
3Department of Basic Sciences, University of Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
4Department of Biochemistry And Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
5Division of Anatomic Pathology, University Hospital, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
6Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
Keywords: Beta-2 microglobulin; diagnosis; saliva; Sjögren's syndrome.
Objectives: This study aims to describe salivary beta-2 microglobulin (sB2M) levels in our setting and to assess the performance of sB2M for the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS).
Patients and methods: This cross-sectional, comparative study included 192 SS patients (2 males, 190 females; mean age 53.1 years; range 23 to 84 years) and 64 healthy controls (1 male, 63 females; mean age 46.9 years; range 21 to 82 years). Patients were divided into three groups as those with primary SS, secondary SS, and sicca non-Sjögren's syndrome (snSS). sB2M was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in whole unstimulated saliva (ng/mL). Differences in sB2M were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Receiver operating curves were generated to determine the performance of sB2M for distinguishing between SS and non-autoimmune snSS groups, and between SS group and healthy controls.
Results: The primary SS and secondary SS groups had a significantly higher concentration of sB2M than the other two groups. There was no significant difference in the concentration of sB2M between primary SS and secondary SS groups, and neither between snSS group and healthy controls. The receiver operating curve analysis for distinguishing SS and snSS showed an area under the curve of 0.661 (95% confidence interval 0.590-0.728, p=0.0001) with an optimal cutoff value of 0.582 ng/mL. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 68.7%, 59.3%, 20.2%, and 92.7%, respectively. The reported prevalence of SS in Mexico was considered when calculating the last two values.
Conclusion: In our setting, sB2M effectively distinguished between SS patients and non-autoimmune sicca symptoms. Including sB2M in our conventional diagnostic arsenal may assist in the evaluation of patients in whom SS is suspected; however, further studies are needed to clarify this hypothesis.


Labor Day weekend marks the end of summer, and the beginning of back to school as everyone celebrates their last long weekend before settling back into their work/school routines. But save the celebrating and relaxation for the backyard BBQs because once you hit the roads, you have to be sober, alert, and on the defense for intoxicated drivers.
The National Safety Council estimates that nearly 400 people will be killed this Labor Day weekend and another 47,800 will be serious injured in crashes on our public roadways. The Labor Day holiday begins at 6 p.m. on Friday, Sept. 4 and ends at 11:59 p.m. on Monday, Sept. 7.
This three-day period could be one of the deadliest we've had since 2007, according to the National Safety Council, who reports that overall traffic deaths were up 15% the first six months of 2015 and serious injuries up 30% respectively, as compared to the same period last year.
In 2014, the 13% of drivers and passengers who didn't wear their seat belts accounted for nearly half of the fatalities, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Thus, an estimated 150 lives could be saved this Labor Day weekend if everyone wore their seat belts.
Designate a drug and alcohol-free driver.
If you don't have a designated driver, use Uber, Lyft, or a cab.
If you can't afford a ride, spend the night at your host's house, or sleep on a friend's couch.
If you're drinking close to home, walk home instead of driving drunk.
If you are hosting, make sure your friends don't drive home drunk.
Remember, even if you aren't a drinker, or if you are the designated driver, chances are there's other drivers nearby that are under the influence. As it gets later in the day and the sun sets, be more conscientious of drivers around you.
It only takes a second for a drunk driver to veer into your lane on the freeway or run a red light at an intersection. While you don't have to be paranoid on Labor Day, you do want to keep your wits about you.
If you are unfortunate to get arrested for DUI over this Labor Day weekend, contact an Orange County DUI lawyer from the Law Offices of Virginia L. Landry, Inc. for a hard-hitting defense!


text:
Information published on 14 October 2009 in the UIC electronic newsletter "UIC eNews" Nr 156.
Focus on TrioTRAIN Project (Total Regulatory Acceptance for an Interoperable Network)
When certifying a rail vehicle according to European regulation two elements constitute a significant challenge: vehicle cost and time-to-market. A large part of vehicle certification mandates testing for safety, performance and infrastructure compatibility in each individual Member State. Hence the certification process can take up to 30 months and cost several million Euros, imposing a huge competitive disadvantage on rail products against road and air transport.
The TrioTRAIN cluster of integrated research projects, within a consortium of 30 partners – railway manufacturers and undertakings, infrastructure managers and universities – is tackling this challenge of partially replacing testing by simulation and proposing a simplification of the authorisation processes through an optimised mix of field testing, mock-up testing and numerical simulation. The project, coordinated by UNIFE - the European rail industry - has a total budget of €13m and is partially funded by the European Commission in the 7th Framework Programme. The most relevant issues for rail vehicle certification will be addressed in three different projects; respectively, vehicle dynamics (DynoTRAIN), pantograph-catenary interaction (PantoTRAIN) and vehicle aerodynamics (AeroTRAIN).
In the past decade, the need for new and reliable cross-border rail passenger and freight traffic has become ever more pressing, and failure to produce a truly interoperable European rail network is taking its toll. Some technical solutions have been developed and implemented by the European rail industry, although the gap between interoperable and non-interoperable rail vehicles remains significant in terms of manufacturing and certification costs. The European Commission has taken a huge step by adopting two main directives and the derived Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TSI) which represent the basis of the common European railway regulation: the safety directive (Directive 2004/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on safety on the Community's railways) and the interoperability directive (Directive 2008/57/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the interoperability of the rail system within the Community, recast from the 96/48/EC Directive). However, there still are still "open points" in these TSI due to a lack of common understanding for key technical railway issues.
The TrioTRAIN project seeks to develop competitive rail solutions by implementing drastic reduction of the certification cost and time. The focus will be on the three main interfaces of the Rolling Stock with its immediate environment. The aim is to reduce the cost and time currently spent for the certification tests by 80%. Thanks to the development of numerical simulation and hardware-in-the-loop testing, a standard of certification processing will be derived that guarantees the conformity and reliable cross-acceptance of the tested vehicle. Here are two exemplary results that can be expected from TrioTRAIN :
In the PantoTRAIN project, a process to extend an already certified pantograph to different catenary systems (namely catenary systems from other countries) by numerical simulation will be developed, thus avoiding additional tests for certification in others countries.
In the AeroTRAIN project, the development of a transfer function for the Slip Stream Effect measurement will allow to extrapolate results from track side tests to platform tests, thus avoiding all platform tests, which have currently to be performed for each platform height in each EU Member State.
TrioTRAIN projects will have a tremendous impact on European standards. By proposing solutions to close several technical loopholes in the legislative framework, (the so-called "opent points in the TSI), a common understanding regarding the relevant parameters and their sensitivity levels can be reached across the European Union. A dedicated Advisory Council has been appointed to ensure the project outcomes will fit the standards and regulatory framework, in which delegates from the European standards bodies, European Railway Agency and National Safety Authorities will be unified.
Completion of the TrioTRAIN projects is expected by June 2012 for AeroTRAIN and PantoTRAIN and by June 2013 for DynoTRAIN.
For more information please contact Francis Delooz: delooz@uic.org and Martin Couturier: Martin.couturier@unife.org
UIC e-News 156
UIC, CER and EIM link up to bring European interoperability a step nearer Train To Copenhagen Campaign: Interview with Jean Pierre Loubinoux, Director General of UIC 5th UIC Railway Freight Noise Reduction Workshop to be held on 10 November at UIC Headquarters, Paris UIC participated to the Coordinating Council of Transsiberian Transportation (Munich, 28-29 September) ERTMS Training Programme 2009 (Prague, 7-9 October) UIC ERTMS/GSM-R ERIG # 43 3rd meeting of "Organisational and human aspects of safety at border crossings" project (Paris, 07 October) UIC participated to the 15th UN / CEFACT fall forum in Sapporo, Japan Johannes Ludewig re-elected as CER Executive Director France. AFFI meeting (French association of rail executives and engineers) at UIC
e-News articles with keyword Technology
Future standard driver's desk: EUDDplus tests in Wildenrath (Siemens test center) (3 December 2009) The pantograph test bench - a tool to facilitate work on optimisation and homologation (19 November 2009) Worskhop on the Loads and Stresses on Running Gear, SNCF Technicentre of Hellemmes (Lille, France), December 9th, 2009 (29 October 2009) UIC Platform Technology & Research Steering Body (14th October) and PTR Plenary session (15th October) at UIC Headquarters in Paris (28 October 2009) Focus on TrioTRAIN Project (Total Regulatory Acceptance for an Interoperable Network) (14 October 2009)
e-News articles with keyword Research
UIC participated in Shift2Rail Dialogue on the Future of Rail Research & Innovation held on 12 February 2019 in Madrid (19 February 2019) Results from the 4th edition of the UIC Global Rail Research & Innovation Awards (5 February 2019) Global Research Activities – stronger involvement of CARS (Chinese Academy of Railway Sciences) in UIC's IRRB (29 January 2019) SHERPA present at the Security Research Event 2018 in Brussels (11 December 2018) TER4RAIL kick-off meeting held on 5 December 2018 in Brussels (11 December 2018)


When the US last week announced new restrictions on bringing laptops on to flights, it was clear it had new information about capabilities being developed by Islamic State. Where that information may have come from and the reliability of its source were matters of conjecture. Until, it appears, President Donald Trump told Russian visitors it came from a city in Islamic State territory and appears to have hinted at an ally as the source.
In his meeting last week with Sergei Lavrov, Russia's foreign minister, and Sergei Kislyak, its US ambassador, Trump seemed to be boasting about his inside knowledge of the looming threat. "I get great intel. I have people brief me on great intel every day," the Washington Post, which broke the story, quoted the president as saying, citing an official with knowledge of the exchange.
National security adviser, HR McMaster, who participated in the meeting, insisted that: "at no time were any intelligence sources or methods discussed and no military operations were disclosed that were not already known publicly". It was a carefully couched response, echoed by secretary of state Rex Tillerson, which avoided the allegation being made that Trump revealed enough classified information to potentially allow the Russians to identify its source. But Trump appeared to undermine the official narrative – and the officials who provided it – when he took to Twitter to confirm he had shared information pertaining to terrorism and airline flight safety and defended his right to do so.
The president is entitled in US law to classsify, declassify and to dispense any secrets he likes but Trump appears to have broken a cardinal convention in sharing secrets without the permission of their source. In this case, an unspecified Middle East ally, whose own source close to or in the Islamic State leadership may dry up. Or worse.
"To compromise a source is something that you just don't do, and that's why we keep the information that we get from intelligence sources so close as to prevent that from happening," said Republican senator Bob Corker. And he is not alone in Republican ranks in beginning to express open concerns about their unpredictable president.
Coming so soon after the firing of FBI chief James Comey, ostensibly over his botched investigations of Hillary Clinton's security lapses with her email, Trump's display of complete ignorance of security procedures and cavalier boasting, will only reinforce Republican concerns that this is not a man fit to be commander in chief. Defence and security are close to their hearts.
It is widely belived Comey was actually fired because he was too vigorously pursuing an inquiry into Trump and his campaign's links with the Russians. Trump's "sharing" will confirm the fear that he is too close to Vladimir Putin. Above all they confirm the incompetence of the man.


The titles in our best-selling Design Brief series are highly praised by graphic design students, educators, and professionals worldwide as invaluable resources. Each beautifully designed, affordable volume offers a concise overview of a design fundamental--the hows of design. But as most seasoned designers will tell you, a comprehensive education also requires an understanding of the whys of design practice. Graphic Design Theory presents groundbreaking, primary texts from the most important historical and contemporary design thinkers. From Aleksandr Rodchenko's "Who We Are: Manifesto of the Constructivist Group" to Kenya Hara's "Computer Technology and Design," this essential volume provides the necessary foundation for contemporary critical vocabulary and thought.
Helen Armstrong teaches in the Art History, Theory, and Criticism Department at Maryland Institute College of Art. She is the Principal and Creative Director of Strong Design in Baltimore.