An ancient restaurant in Turin, a Hong Kong based Iranian sales agent, and a gorge in the south of Piedmont—what do all these things have in common? The white truffle trade, of course. Every year between September and December this precious type of mushroom starts its journey from the small Italian city of Alba to be delivered to the most important restaurants all over the world.
Italiasquisita spent a day with the most famous and yongest Alba white truffle dealer. 24 hours to discover this man and to explore the world that surrounds this expensive and rare product.


Asia's Aral Sea, once the world's fourth largest lake, is now largely dry. The reason: People have been pulling too much water from the rivers that feed it.
TOULOUSE, France — A lot of the water on Earth's surface has shifted locales in the past few decades. That's the finding of a surprising new study. Some lakes once thought to be permanent now exist only part of the year. Others have disappeared altogether. In still other places, new lakes and wetlands have been emerging.
Scientists sometimes refer to the depiction of Earth's surface waters as its water "map." At first glance, the reasons for changes in the map might seem unrelated. In fact, some sort of human activity is the root cause for many.
When people build a dam, it almost immediately begins to collect water. That change can be seen right away. But in most places, the landscape changes too slowly to notice. So it can be hard to spot a change in the map of surface waters unless you compare two time periods that are far apart, explains Luca De Felice. He's an analyst who focuses on geospatial (GEE-oh-spay-shul) data — the types that map what's happening across wide swaths of the globe. He works at the European Commission's Joint Research Center in Brussels, Belgium.
De Felice looks at a lot of satellite images. For the past couple of years, he has been part of a team analyzing images taken by Landsat satellites between 1984 and 2015. The researchers focused on Earth's lakes, rivers and other surface waters.
The task was not easy, De Felice notes. The group had more than 3 million images to review. Plus, team members had to develop software that would highlight where the water is. That's not as simple as finding the blue stuff in an image. Microbes in lake water, for instance, might turn the water greenish. And some rivers, especially muddy ones, appear brown. That can make water difficult to distinguish from land.
To tackle the job, the team's computers worked overtime. There were 10,000 of them working together to analyze all of those satellite photos, De Felice says. If the researchers had been running their study on just one laptop, their analysis might have taken more than 1,200 years, he estimates.
De Felice described his team's work here, in France, on July 13. His presentation was part of a big conference known as the EuroScience Open Forum.
Over a 32-year period, the global map of Earth's surface waters changed dramatically, the team found. Some areas where water had once been present year-round now hosts water for only part of the year. Such areas where the water cover is now temporary total some 72,000 square kilometers (27,800 square miles), De Felice reports. That's an area a little bigger than the nation of Ireland. An even bigger share of the globe that used to be permanently wet is now dry all year long. It's not in one spot. But all of the contributing spots together span roughly 90,000 square kilometers (34,000 square miles). That's an area about the size of Portugal.
This is the Aral Sea, as seen in 2017. The yellow outline depicts size in 1960. The sea is now a small fraction of its former size. Why? To irrigate new farms, people have been draining water from the rivers that flow into it.
Consider, for example, what has happened to Central Asia's Aral Sea. At one time, it was the world's fourth-largest freshwater lake. Today, De Felice notes, it has largely disappeared. People have diverted a lot of water from the rivers that used to feed the lake. Much of that water is used to irrigate thirsty crops, such as cotton.
The missing water isn't really missing, of course. It had to go somewhere. Evaporation might have sent some of it into the sky. That would have later come down elsewhere as rain and snow. Some moisture might have ended up in the oceans.
More likely, De Felice says, a large amount of the "missing" water ended up elsewhere on land. His team found that during the 32-year period it analyzed, some 184,000 square kilometers (71,000 square miles) of land that had previously been dry is now under water year-round. That's a combined region the size of Syria.
Some of this newly drowned land sits on China's Tibetan Plateau. There, says De Felice, climate change has melted snows to create lakes and wetlands. Those bodies of water now cover about 8,000 square kilometers (3,100 square miles) that herders had once used to graze their livestock. In other parts of the world, the formerly dry land now sits under reservoirs behind new dams.
These shifts in water have blessed some regions. Other regions have lost a life-sustaining resource.
All of these changes in Earth's water map need to be considered in computer models of weather and climate, says Gianpaolo Balsamo. He's a meteorologist with the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. It's in Reading, England. Knowing the locations of lakes helps to make simulations of weather better, he notes. For one thing, bodies of water absorb more heat during the daytime than will the nearby land. Then, at night, the water gives up that heat.
Lakes and other bodies of water also help moisturize the air. In the right conditions, that water vapor can end up as rain.
Even small lakes can affect local weather, notes Balsamo. His team's models suggest that bodies of water as small as a couple of kilometers across can influence the weather nearby.
develop To emerge or come into being, either naturally or through human intervention, such as by manufacturing., trees and grasslands are cut down and replaced with structures or landscaped yards and parks.
irrigation (v. irrigate) The supply of water to land or crops to help growth.
Meeting: L. De Felice. Where is the world's water? EuroScience Open Forum 2018. July 13. Toulouse, France.


"I'd love to have a joey," I said to a friend some years ago, having heard of someone she knew who raised little orphaned joeys. Months later, my friend saw one of her local eastern greys have a nasty accident on a barbed wire fence at her vineyard; the doe dropped the joey from her pouch. My friend waited in vain for the mother to return. She rang and asked if I still wanted a joey. I jumped at the chance and contacted Wildlife Aid for advice.
It was necessary for me to join the group and be licensed to care for native animals. I also had to undergo a very informative macropod training course. Sue Fraser became my mentor and gave me immediate assistance on handling this newcomer to our family, and became a wonderful friend with invaluable advice and patience as I asked a million different questions regarding the behavior and care of our joey. We of course named him "Joey". As it is advantageous for eastern greys (sociable mob kangaroos) to be raised in pairs, we soon got another little boy, then a little girl. In no time there were three! My husband was just as much in love with our joeys as I was, and having more available time than me, has been our main carer over the years. He is so patient and gentle with them and they treat him as their mum. Little did we know back then that eastern greys have such wonderful and endearing natures that they would change our lives. They make you laugh, can make you cry if they are sick, but the reward when you have raised them to a fine healthy individual ready to be released back to the wild is amazing.
We are lucky enough to be able to release at our property and still see most of our mob returning daily. However, many town people have successfully raised joeys to a certain size, and then passed them on to other carers for release. Seven of our twenty-two babies have come to us from town and are now grown up and have free access to the bush. We would recommend this experience to anyone. You need to be gentle, have plenty of patience and time to feed and love them, but they will trust you completely and form a special bond with you that is so rewarding. It is a privilege to play a worthwhile part in the life of a wild native animal!


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Colonel William Preston Johnston, The Life of General Albert Sidney Johnston : His Service in the Armies of the United States, the Republic of Texas, and the Confederate States., Chapter 28: Fort Donelson. (search)
rd, commanded by General Lew Wallace, with Colonels Cruft and Thayer as brigade commanders, composeder. His first brigade, commanded by Colonel Charles Cruft, comprised the Thirty-first and Forty-on, finding himself unoccupied in front, moved Cruft's brigade up to the right, ill support of the retreating Federals. Cruft's brigade was composed of four regiments — the Thirty-first Indiana, Liopelessly involved in the crowd of fugitives. Cruft bore the brunt of battle for some time; but, alernand's whole division in full retreat, with Cruft also falling back, he threw forward Thayer's sothers, rallied on Thayer's brigade, and, with Cruft's brigade and these fresh troops, interposed a the Fifty-seventh Illinois, Colonel Baldwin. Cruft reestablished his line on the right of Thayer.had so far proved successful, and was pressing Cruft fiercely. At this point of the fight, Pillow, These were all fresh troops. Besides these, Cruft's brigade, part of Thayer's, and other command
Colonel William Preston Johnston, The Life of General Albert Sidney Johnston : His Service in the Armies of the United States, the Republic of Texas, and the Confederate States., Chapter 34: battle of Shiloh.-Sunday. (search)
ntest fierce. Chalmers pushed forward with considerable success; General Johnston had Bowen's brigade deployed, and it advanced with energy. Statham's brigade impinged upon what was an angle in the Federal line, where the Northerners were collected in heavy masses. The locality was probably that held by Hurlbut's brigades, and they opposed a desperate defense to every forward movement. The severe pressure on their left had called the Northern troops to this point, and we find acting Brigadier-General Cruft, after having repulsed four assaults farther to the right, strengthening it. Sweeney also reinforced Hurlbut with three regiments. There had been four hours of heavy fighting, during which the Federal centre had not been moved. The right had been broken; its left was forced back and doubled up on itself; and Hurlbut had more than once fallen back, retiring his left, in order to correct his alignment. But there his command stood, dealing slaughter on every attempt at advance
Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buell, Battles and Leaders of the Civil War: The Opening Battles. Volume 1., The capture of Fort Donelson. (search)
st, with such a representation of the situation that, assuming the responsibility, I ordered Colonel Cruft to report with his brigade to McClernand. Cruft set out promptly. Unfortunately a guide miCruft set out promptly. Unfortunately a guide misdirected him, so that he became involved in the retreat, and was prevented from accomplishing his object. I was in the rear of my single remaining brigade, in conversation with Captain Rawlins, l of the 11th, was implicit. I was sure they would take their men to the top of the bluff. Colonel Cruft was put in line to support them on the right. Colonel Ross, with his regiments, the 17th anis supports, Colonel Smith led them down into a broad hollow, and catching sight of the advance, Cruft and Ross also moved forward. As the two regiments began the climb, the 8th Missouri slightly inhey advanced. The defenders gave way. On the top there was a brief struggle, which was ended by Cruft and Ross with their supports. the whole line then moved forward simultaneously, and never st
Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buell, Battles and Leaders of the Civil War: The Opening Battles. Volume 1., The opposing forces at Fort Donelson, Tenn. (search)
Stone. Brigade loss: k, 10; w, 109; m, 2 = 121. Fourth Brigade, Col. Jacob G. Lauman: 25th Ind., Col. James C. Veatch; 2d Iowa, Col. James M. Tuttle; 7th Iowa, Lieut.-Col. James C. Parrott; 14th Iowa, Col. William T. Shaw; Birge's Mo. Sharp-shooters. Brigade loss: k, 55; w, 301; m, 1 = 357. Fifth Brigade, Col. Morgan L. Smith: 11th Ind., Col. George F. McGinnis; 8th Mo., Major John McDonald. Brigade-loss: k, 11; w, 69 = 80. Third division, Brig.-Gen. Lew Wallace. First Brigade, Col. Charles Cruft: 31st Ind., Lieut.-Col. John Osborn, Major Fred. Arm; 44th Ind., Col. Hugh B. Reed; 17th Ky., Col. John H. McHenry, Jr.; 25th Ky., Col. James M. Shackelford. Brigade loss: k, 35; w, 182 ;: m, 16 = 233. Second Brigade [attached to the Third Brigade]: 46th Ill., Col. John A. Davis; 57th Ill., Col. Silas D. Baldwin; 58th Ill., Col. William F. Lynch; 20th Ohio, Col. Charles Whittlesey. Brigade loss: k, 6; w, 15; m, 1 = 22. Third Brigade, Col. John M. Thayer: 1st Neb., Lieut.-Col. Wm. D.
Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buell, Battles and Leaders of the Civil War: The Opening Battles. Volume 1., The opposing forces at Shiloh. (search)
e; 3d Iowa, Maj. William M. Stone (c), Lieut. G. W. Crosley. Brigade loss: k, 112; w, 532; m, 43 = 687. Second Brigade, Col. James C. Veatch: 14th Ill., Col. Cyrus Hall; 15th Ill., Lieut.-Col. E. F. W. Ellis (k), Capt. Louis D. Kelley, Lieut.-Col. William Cam; 46th Ill., Col. John A. Davis (w), Lieut.-Col. John J. Jones; 25th Ind., Lieut.-Col. William H. Morgan (w), Maj. John W. Foster. Brigade loss: k, 130; w, 492; 10, 8 = 630. Third Brigade, Brig.-Gen. Jacob G. Laumlan: 31st Ind., Col. Charles Cruft (w), Lieut.-Col. John Osborn ; 44th Ind., Col. Hugh B. Reed; 17th Ky., Col. John H. McHenry, Jr.; 25th Ky., Lieut.-Col. B. H. Bristow, Maj. Wm. B. Wall (w), Col. John H. McHenry, Jr. Brigade loss: K, 70; w, 384; m, 4 = 458. Cavalry: 1st and 2d Battalions, 5th Ohio, Col. W. H. H. Taylor. Loss: k, 1; w, 6= 7. Artillery: 2d Mich. Battery, Lieut. C. W. Laing; Mann's Mo. Battery, Lieut. Edward Brotzmann; 13th Ohio Battery, Capt. John B. Myers. Artillery loss: k, 4; w, 27; m, 56 = 87. Fift
Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buell, Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. Volume 3., Bragg's invasion of Kentucky. (search)
tal force spoken of by Nelson as being on the Confederate flank.--editors. and the official report of casualties is given as 206 killed, 844 wounded, and 4303 captured. The Federal official reports admit that nine pieces of artillery and all their wagon trains were captured by the Confederates. Map: Bragg's invasion of Kentucky. General Manson contends that the Federals engaged did not exceed 6500. According to the official reports the Union force engaged consisted of Manson's and Cruft's brigades, eight regiments and two detachments of infantry, one regiment and a battalion of cavalry and two batteries of artillery, all new troops who had only been mustered into service a few days. General Nelson says in his report that he had ordered General Manson not to fight, but to fall back, so as to concentrate on the Confederate flank. See the previous note.--editors. General Horatio G. Wright, who commanded the department, in his report of Sept. 2d, says: The force engaged in
Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buell, Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. Volume 3., The opposing forces at Perryville, Ky., October 8th, 1862. (search)
., Lieut.-Col. J. P. Jackson; 6th Ohio, Lieut.-Col. Nicholas L. Anderson; 24th Ohio, Lieut.-Col. Frederick C. Jones; H, 4th U. S. Art'y, Lieut. Samuel Canby; M, 4th U. S. Art'y, Capt. John Mendenhall. Nineteenth Brigade, Col. William B. Hazen: 110th Ill., Col. Thomas S. Casey; 9th Ind., Col. William H. Blake; 6th Ky., Col. Walter C. Whitaker; 27th Ky., Col. C. D. Pennebaker; 41st Ohio, Lieut.-Col. George S. Mygatt; F, 1st Ohio Art'y, Capt. Daniel T. Cockerill. Twenty-second Brigade, Brig.-Gen. Charles Cruft: 31st Ind., Lieut.-Col. John Osborn; 1st Ky., Lieut.-Col. David A. Enyart; 2d Ky., Col. Thomas D. Sedgwick; 20th Ky., Lieut.-Col. Charles S. Hanson; 90th Ohio, Col. Isaac N. Ross; B, 1st Ohio Art'y, Capt. William E. Standart. Cavalry: 2d Ky. (4 co's), Lieut.-Col. Thomas B. Cochran. Fifth division, Brig.-Gen. Horatio P. Van Cleve. Eleventh Brigade, Col. Samuel Beatty: 79th Ind., Col. Frederick Knefler; 9th Ky., Lieut.-Col. George H. Cram; 13th Ky., Lieut.-Col. J. B. Carlile; 19th
Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buell, Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. Volume 3., The opposing forces at Stone's River, Tenn. (search)
Alexander McIlvain; 65th Ohio, Lieut.-Col. Alexander Cassil (w), Maj. Horatio N. Whitbeck (w). Brigade loss: k, 108; w, 330; m, 101 = 539. Artillery, Maj. Seymour Race: 8th Ind. (First Brigade), Lieut. George Estep; 10th Ind. (Second Brigade), Capt. Jerome B. Cox; 6th Ohio (Third Brigade), Capt. Cullen Bradley. Artillery loss embraced in brigades to which attached. Second (late Fourth) division, Brig.-Gen. John M. Palmer. Staff loss: w, 1. First (late Twenty-second) Brigade, Brig.-Gen. Charles Cruft: 31st Ind., Col. John Osborn; 1st Ky., Col. David A. Enyart; 2d Ky., Col. Thomas D. Sedgewick; 90th Ohio, Col. Isaac N. Ross. Brigade loss: k, 44; w, 227; m, 126 = 397. Second (late Nineteenth ) Brigade, Col. William B. Hazen: 110th Ill., Col. Thomas S. Casey; 9th Ind., Col. William H. Blake; 6th Ky., Col. Walter C. Whitaker; 41st Ohio, Lieut.-Col. Aquila Wiley. Brigade loss: k, 45; w, 335; m, 29 = 409. Third (late Tenth) Brigade, Col. William Grose: 84th Ill., Col. Louis H. Water
Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buell, Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. Volume 3., The battle of Stone's River. (search)
o'clock to up and at 'em, they came forward like a pack of hounds in full cry. Cruft recoiled from the attack in the open field between the Round Forest and the wood, falling back, met the charge at the time that Negley moved to the rear. Now Cruft's right was in the air and exposed to attack by Donelson following Negley. CruCruft repulsed Chalmers in his front, but Donelson's brigade, pouring to his rear, threatened to envelop him. Grose, from his position in reserve, faced to the right, and soon after to the rear, and bore back the charging columns, enabling Cruft to withdraw. When Chalmers's assault first fell upon Palmer's right, Hazen faced hisucky and 9th Indiana, to the rear, where the impetus of Chalmers's assault upon Cruft had borne him, at the same time retiring the two left regiments, the 41st Ohio ce, had command of the Ammen brigade, of Shiloh memory, which, with Hazen's and Cruft's brigades, had driven the right of Beauregard's victorious army off that field
Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buell, Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. Volume 3., The Union left at Stone's River. (search)
nough to sweep the whole position from the front, the left, and the right, and to render it wholly untenable by our force present of artillery and infantry. editors. Mendenhall did not receive adequate recognition in the report of General Rosecrans. The fact being that the enemy were repulsed and flying in confusion before the terrific guns of my chief-of-artillery, Major John Mendenhall, and were only pursued by Negley and Morton, as they were also pursued by portions of my command under Cruft, Hazen, Grose, and a part of General Jefferson C. Davis's command.--T. L. C. As to our general's plan of battle, I don't remember that I was ever advised of it. The battle was fought according to the plan of General Bragg. Indeed, our uniform experience was — at Perry-ville, at Stone's River, at Chickamauga — that whenever we went to attack Bragg we were attacked by him, and so our plan had to be extemporized. I knew Bragg. His reputation was that of a martinet. He was a severe disci

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


SB 1940, which has since been signed into law, exempted from public record the identities of any school "guardians," the title given to school staff who opt to go through training and carry a gun on school campuses. It also exempted information submitted through the mobile app mandated in the post-Parkland bill, which students can use to report suspicious behavior to law enforcement, as well as portions of the meetings of the commission created to investigate the institutional failures that led to the Parkland shooting.
Braynon said he was "so wrapped up" in the Parkland policy bill — a sweeping measure that created new restrictions on gun purchases, provided a process for law enforcement to remove guns from the mentally unstable and created the "guardian" program to arm school staff — that many of the details of its accompanying public records exemption bill didn't come to his attention until after the session. He voted for SB 1940.
Transparency advocates have argued that knowing the identities of school guardians will help the news media hold school staff accountable if/when things go wrong, similar to how the Miami Herald reported on the record of Scot Peterson, the school resource officer at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, after 17 people were killed there.
But SB 1940 passed unanimously in the Senate, many arguing that keeping the names of armed staff out of the hands of a would-be shooter outweighed the public's right to know.
Perez was deducted points on his scorecard for supporting SB 1940, but still received a "B" for his other votes, making him one of the top-scoring local lawmakers. He voted for bills that would have increased transparency in the budgeting process and in contracts with state agencies, and would have prohibited governmental agencies from suing people for requesting public records.
Braynon also voted for a bill that would have allowed government entities to discuss potential lawsuits behind closed doors, rather than just pending litigation as is the current law. He said this aspect of the open meetings law can give the other party in a lawsuit an unfair advantage.
"All the other attorneys would have to do is sit in on that meeting to know what they would have to do," he said.
Another high-scoring Republican was Rep. Holly Raschein of Key Largo, who received a "B" for a record similar to Perez.
"I think it's lockstep with our efforts on a statewide basis to make sure government remains open and transparent and accountable to the people we serve," she said.
The lawmaker who shared the highest grade from the South Florida delegations was Rep. Joseph Geller, D-Aventura, who got an "A+." Geller is notorious on the House floor for asking what position the First Amendment Foundation, a pro-open government group, holds on particular bills during debates. Broward Democratic Sens. Gary Farmer and Kevin Rader also earned "A+" grades.
Geller was one of only two lawmakers who voted against SB 1940, along with Rep. Lori Berman, D-Lantana.
Geller said that in general, unless information relates to the Florida Constitution's guarantee of personal privacy, he errs on the side of open meetings and records.


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«Мама и папа» () — американский комедийный фильм ужасов, снятый режиссёром  Брайаном Тейлором. Мировая премьера фильма состоялась на международном кинофестивале в Торонто 2017 году. 19 января 2018 года компанией Momentum Pictures фильм был выпущен в США. Фильм получил в целом положительные отзывы от критиков.

Сюжет

Некий необъяснимый сигнал передающийся через экраны телевизоров, радио, сеть  воздействует на родителей и заставляет их начать охоту на своих детей, словно одержимых.

В ролях

Отзывы
 Фильм получил положительные отзывы критиков. По оценке сайта-агрегатора Rotten Tomatoes, рейтинг одобрения фильма составляет 74%, что основано на ос 129 рецензиях критиков, со средним рейтингом - 6/10.
На Metacritic у фильма есть средневзвешенная оценка 59 из 100, основанная на 30 отзывах критиков, указывая на "в целом благоприятные обзоры".
Режиссер Джон Уотерс  назвал фильм одним из лучших в 2018 году, поставив его на  четвертое место в своем личном топ-листе.

Примечания

Фильмы ужасов США
Фильмы США 2017 года

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This beautiful home features 3 bedrooms, 2.5 baths 2262 sq ft. m/l, formal living & dining room.New fiber cement board on the exterior of the home, newer floor coverings on the inside. The home is located in a much desired neighborhood, triple car garage,over sized lot that allows plenty of elbow room and space for all your toys. Must see to appreciate all this home has to offer.


text:
Rare winter tornadoes in America's Midwest kill 2, flatten houses
A freak cluster of January tornadoes blew across America's unseasonably warm Midwest, killing two people, demolishing houses and knocking a railroad locomotive off its tracks. More thunderstorms were possible Tuesday. Record high temperatures were reported across wide areas of the United States on Monday. Tornadoes were reported or suspected in southwest Missouri, southeastern Wisconsin, Arkansas, Illinois and Oklahoma. Two people were killed in Missouri. Al Ost said he "prayed like a sissy" as he fled to the basement of his house in Boone County, Illinois. The storm damaged a barn on his property, he told the Rockford Register Star. Hardest hit was a subdivision in Wheatland, about 80.5 kilometers southwest of Milwaukee, where at least 55 homes were damaged, Kenosha County sheriff's Lt. Paul Falduto said Tuesday morning. "With the light of day it always looks worse than at night," Falduto said.


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I hadn't seen any of Sam Raimi's 'Evil Dead' films in years so jumped at the chance to watch the 3rd one – which in the UK is known as 'Army Of Darkness: The Medieval Dead'; although may have a different name depending what country you are in!
Because nothing helps a film like having an unclear and muddled marketing campaign!
The plot is Ash (Bruce Campbell) ends up trapped in the Middle Ages and eager to get home in the right timeline, however this is almost incidental as it does little more than enable lots of undead to be killed.
For a comedy horror film from the early 1990s it's held up pretty well and due to the handy recapping introduction you don't even need to rewatch that first two 'Evil Dead' films. The film itself is pretty good – silly but enjoyable, I did catch myself thinking that some scenes weren't exactly as I remembered however I assumed that was due to the years elapsed since I last watched it.
However things got a bit weird when it got to the ending as it wasn't the ending that I was expecting at all!
The US ending has Ash return to the present and back working in the S-Mart where he confronts one last Deadite. This was the ending that I was expecting and didn't get!
This entry was posted in Film & TV, Uncategorized and tagged alternative ending, bruce campbell, comedy, evil dead, evil dead 3, film, horror, horror comedy, Sam raimi by WhereEvilThoughts. Bookmark the permalink.


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<?php

namespace PaymentSuite\PaymentCoreBundle\Event\Abstracts;

use Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Event;

use PaymentSuite\PaymentCoreBundle\PaymentMethodInterface;
use PaymentSuite\PaymentCoreBundle\Services\Interfaces\PaymentBridgeInterface;

/**
 * Abstract payment event.
 */
abstract class AbstractPaymentEvent extends Event
{
    /**
     * @var PaymentBridgeInterface
     *
     * Payment Bridge
     */
    private $paymentBridge;

    /**
     * @var PaymentMethodInterface
     *
     * Payment method object
     */
    private $paymentMethod;

    /**
     * Construct method.
     *
     * @param PaymentBridgeInterface $paymentBridge Payment Bridge
     * @param PaymentMethodInterface $paymentMethod Payment method
     */
    public function __construct(
        PaymentBridgeInterface $paymentBridge,
        PaymentMethodInterface $paymentMethod
    ) {
        $this->paymentBridge = $paymentBridge;
        $this->paymentMethod = $paymentMethod;
    }

    /**
     * Get Order Wrapper.
     *
     * @return PaymentBridgeInterface Payment Bridge
     */
    public function getPaymentBridge()
    {
        return $this->paymentBridge;
    }

    /**
     * Get Payment Method.
     *
     * @return PaymentMethodInterface Payment method
     */
    public function getPaymentMethod()
    {
        return $this->paymentMethod;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


John C. McLoughlin is currently considered a "single author." If one or more works are by a distinct, homonymous authors, go ahead and split the author.
John C. McLoughlin is composed of 2 names. You can examine and separate out names.


Sterling silver, real Turquoise, Coral, Onyx, Brown Shell, along with White and Yellow Mother of Pearl.
Bolo piece measures approximately 2-1/8" long and 1-1/2" wide. The Tips measure approximately 2-1/4" long and 1/2" at widest point. The total measurement of the cord is approximately 40" long.
This is a very gorgeous bolo tie that would make a great gift! This piece of Native American Jewelry is Zuni hand crafted by artist Verdel Niiha out of genuine sterling silver and real Multicolor inlay. The inlay consists of: Turquoise, Coral, Onyx, Brown Shell, along with White and Yellow Mother of Pearl. The bolo piece is placed in the center and has detailed inlay that is carefully set, while creating a fantastic Thunderbird design. Twisted silver and mini silver beads can be seen highlighting for an amazing finish. The Tips of the bolo tie are accented with imprinted designs. This piece is absolutely stunning and is among the finest jewelry we have ever had! The bolo piece is signed by the artist.


text:
Martin Phillips
All posts tagged Martin Phillips
HUSBAND OF CUMBRIA SEXUAL ABUSE 'VICTIM' PROVIDES EVIDENCE
Published July 5, 2013 by JS2
ONE of three women who allege they were victims of sexual abuse decades ago kept quiet to protect her father's health, a court heard.
Martin Phillips, 42, from Main Street, Haverigg, was in Barrow Crown Court yesterday charged with one count of indecent assault and two counts of indecency with a child.
He is alleged to have sexually abused three girls on separate occasions in Bootle, in the late 1980s and in 1990.
On the second day of the trial, the jury heard from a 34-year-old woman who told the court she was abused by Phillips as a girl aged "seven or eight".
In a pre-recorded video played to the court of an interview given to police last year, she said she recalled being in her older brother's bedroom with the defendant, who performed a sex act on her.
The victim said she blocked the memories but had confided in boyfriends and her ex-husband.
One of the alleged victims, 32, also gave evidence yesterday, claiming that Phillips forced her to perform sex acts on him.
She told the court she thought the details of the abuse could "kill" her father, who had been in poor health.
Two of the women say they were unaware that the other had been abused until a conversation in 2009, while on a night out.
The husband of one of the alleged victims, who witnessed the conversation, told the court: "They were both really upset."
He also described how his wife would start "shaking" at any mention of child abuse on the news. Phillips denies all the charges.
The trial was set to continue today.
Cumbria child sex abuse accused 'exposed himself to girl' Ex-businessman from Cumbria accused of sex offences
northwest evening mail
Tagged: Haverigg, Martin Phillips


text:
Own Projects
NOS Literary Prize
Concept, aims and objectives of the Prize
Jury for the NOS Literature Prize
General rules for the Prize and the conditions for participation
Calendar for the Prize in 2018
1. Literary Prize "NOS" is an annual award. The announcement of the beginning of the activity of the Prize and the terms of nomination for the Prize are published annually in the media, as well as on the website of the Mikhail Prokhorov Foundation (www.prokhorovfund.ru, www.prokhorovfund.ru/projects/litprize_nos).
2. A prose text written and published in Russian in book and / or magazine / newspaper formats, as well as in electronic media, is accepted for the Prize.
3. The right to nominate for the Prize is held by book publishers, mass media, creative unions and associations, and literary agencies.
4. There are no territorial restrictions for nominees and nominated authors.
5. Only the first editions of texts published since June 1, 2016 to July 31, 2017can be nominated for the Prize.
6. The texts of various artistic genres are accepted for consideration in a wide range from traditional novels to radically experimental prose, including:
- whole, finished works;
- collections of short stories, essays, novellas and novels, all kinds of assemblies fragmentary, including "overcrossing" prose;
- dilology, trilogy, etc. provided the unity of the author's intention;
- inter-genre works at the junction of fiction and non-fiction, etc.
7. If the collection of stories, essays, novels and other fragmentary prose is composed of both previously published texts and not published, the proportion of unpublished texts should be at least 50% of the collection.
8. For the date of publication of the dialogy, trilogy, etc. the release date of the final volume is adopted.
9. Each nominator has the right to nominate no more than 3 works.
10. The minimum volume of the text should be at least 3 a.l. (1 al. = 40 000 symbols with spaces). The maximum volume is not limited.
11. When nominating works for the Prize, it is necessary to provide:
a) the original of the completed application containing the necessary information about the nominator and the nominated work certified by the signature of the responsible person and the seal of the nominator (download the Application form for the literary award "FNL").
b) 1 (one) copy of the work in book and / or journal / newspaper formats + electronic version (in Word or PDF format), identical to the book, magazine or newspaper version.
c) electronic version (in Word or PDF format), if the text is published only on the Web + paper printout (one copy).
12. All works nominated for the Prize are registered by the Organizing Committee of the Prize and receive registration numbers.
13. Deadlines for the submission of works for the Prize (see section: Calendar 2017)
14. The work can not be nominated for the Prize repeatedly.
15. The copies of the works are not returned.
16. Unpublished manuscripts are not considered.
17. Completed original applications for the Prize + paper versions of the works are sent to the Organizing Committee of the "NOS" Prize at: Literary Prize "NOS" (Mikhail Prokhorov Foundation) 123104, Moscow, Tverskoy Boulevard, 13.
18. Electronic versions of works can be sent to CD / DVD along with the application and paper version of the work, or sent to the following e-mail address:
nos@prokhorovfund.ru
19. The Literary Prize "NOS" also holds a vote for the "Reader's Choice Award." In addition to choosing the jury, readers can choose the most liked work by voting on the website of the prize. Voting is conducted among the participants included in the long-list.
The voting period 01.10.2016-20.01.2017
20. The Literary Prize "NOS" also attracts professional critics to determine the winner in the category "Critical Community Prize". Voting is carried out according to the works of nominees. Each critic chooses his favorites, as a result of the recruited votes an alternative short-list is formed and the winner in this nomination is selected.
Send a request for a grant
Structure/
Competitions/
Own Projects/
Partnership and Support/
Art and Culture/
Professional training and public education/
© 2014 Mikhail Prokhorov Fund
Site creation Garin Studio


text:
AmericanFighterAcesInfo@gmail.com
Donate to the film!
American Fighter Aces
To preserve the heritage of the American combat fighter ace
The Aces
Aces Roster
Last Flights
History of the American Fighter Ace: Vietnam War
History of the American Fighter…
By Bill Hess with expanded text by Bill Martin
The long war in Vietnam presented little opportunity for air-to-air scoring by fighter pilots, much less making a large number of Aces. All fighter operations took place under numerous restrictions and the number of enemy fighters available for encounters was quite limited. This, too, was a new type of operation.
The majority of combats took place at ranges that would have been impossible in earlier wars and the pilot had to rely greatly on his "guy in the back", or GIB, in the F-4 Phantom.
A number of Air Force pilots did score in the single seat F-105 and F-8s but none became Aces. An Air Force World War II Ace, Robin Olds nearly became an ace of Vietnam, but he had to settle for four confirmed victories. There were only two fighter pilot Aces to emerge from the conflict in Vietnam. The first was Navy F-4 pilot Randall H. "Duke" Cunningham who, with Bill Driscoll as his rear seat man, became an Ace on May 10, 1972. Steve Ritchie, also flying the Phantom, became the one and only Air Force pilot Ace when he scored his fifth victory on August 28, 1972 with his GIB, Charles De Bellevue.
These two Aces brought the roll of America's air Aces from all wars up to 1,442. While their number is few, these men accounted for a large percentage of the enemy aircraft destroyed by all fighter pilots. For years there have been numerous studies conducted in an attempt to determine what makes a fighter Ace. Many attributes have been named, but to date there seems to be no positive determination as to just what traits or qualities add up to a fighter Ace profile. Three factors must be present, however—flying skill, aggressiveness, and, perhaps most important, an opportunity to engage the enemy.
Perhaps a large percentage of the fighter Aces over the years will fall under the classification mentioned by one old professional fighter pilot and Ace who, himself, holds the Medal of Honor. He stated, "Give me ten young fighter pilots and we'll take them into combat. Out of the ten one of them is going to be a hunter and not the hunted. This is the pilot that is going to become a fighter Ace if the opportunity presents itself." And there can be no denying the fighter Ace is a hunter.
History of the American Fighter Ace: Korean War
History of the American Fighter Ace: World War II
History of the American Fighter Ace: China in World War II
History of the American Fighter Ace: Spanish Civil War
History of the American Fighter Ace: World War I
Due to the pandemic, American Fighter Aces Association scholarships are temporarily on hold
American Fighter Aces Association 2019 Reunion in San Antonio honored Aces
Welcome to the American Fighter Aces Association website!
Join us in Texas for the American Fighter Aces Association Annual Reunion!
American Fighter Aces Association
The American Fighter Aces Association is a non-profit 501(c)(3), non-military and non-political organization committed to preserving the distinguished heritage of the American combat fighter Ace and impacting future generations through education and scholarship.
9550 Spring Green Blvd., Ste. 408-299 Katy, TX 77494 Email: AmericanFighterAcesInfo@gmail.com


Acoustic, "Live Lounge" style performance of well known classics. Arranged exclusively for Lizzy & Male vocals/guitar, the duo create the perfect intimate atmosphere for your Ceremony by delivering a beautiful live performance on your special day.
With two vocalists they can expand on Lizzy's setlist and include a range of typically male hits and classics to excite and engage your Cocktail Reception guests.
Both Lizzy and Tom are true professionals with years of experience performing at exclusive weddings and events worldwide. Consummate professionals that take great pride in their performance.


text:
Items = function () {
    this.init();
};

Items.prototype.init = function () {

}

Items.prototype.createPopupMenu = function (menu, cell, evt) {
    if (graph.isSelectionEmpty()) {
        this.addMenuItems(menu, ['undo', 'redo', 'paste'], null, evt);
        if (undoManager.history.length > 0) {
            menu.addSeparator();
        }
        this.addMenuItems(menu, ['selectVertices', 'selectEdges',
            'selectAll', 'selectNone', '-', 'clearDefaultStyle'], null, evt);
    }
    else {
        this.addMenuItems(menu, ['delete', '-', 'cut', 'copy'], null, evt);
    }
    if (graph.getSelectionCount() == 1) {
        if (graph.getModel().isVertex(cell) && mxUtils.getValue(graph.view.getState(graph.getSelectionCell()).style, mxConstants.STYLE_IMAGE, null) != null) {
            menu.addSeparator();
            this.addMenuItems(menu, ['editImage'], null, evt);
        }

        menu.addSeparator();

        this.addMenuItems(menu, ['toFront', 'toBack', '-', 'getAsDefaultStyle'], null, evt);
        if (Actions.prototype.cellStyle()) {
            this.addMenuItems(menu, ['setAsDefaultStyle'], null, evt);
        }
    }
}

Items.prototype.addMenuItems = function (menu, keys, parent, trigger, sprites) {
    for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
        if (keys[i] == '-') {
            menu.addSeparator(parent);
        }
        else {
            this.addMenuItem(menu, keys[i], parent, trigger, (sprites != null) ? sprites[i] : null);
        }
    }
}

Items.prototype.addMenuItem = function (menu, key, parent, trigger, sprite, label) {
    var action = graph.actions.get(key.toLowerCase());

    if (action != null && (menu.showDisabled || action.isEnabled()) && action.visible) {
        var item = menu.addItem(mxResources.get(key) == null ? key : mxResources.get(key), null, action.funct, parent, sprite, action.isEnabled());

        this.addShortcut(item, action);

        return item;
    }

    return null;
}

Items.prototype.addShortcut = function (item, action) {
    if (action.shortcut != null) {
        var td = item.firstChild.nextSibling.nextSibling;
        var span = document.createElement('span');
        span.style.color = 'gray';
        mxUtils.write(span, action.shortcut);
        td.appendChild(span);
    }
}


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1958. 189 pages. Pictorial jacket covering red cloth boards. Contains pictorial plates. Pages are slightly yellowed with moderate foxing to text block edge and within. Binding is firm with light shelf wear to the spine. Unclipped jacket has light tearing and moderate soiling to the covers. Spine has light scuffing to the ends.


text:
Nichols Funeral Home
Send Flowers for Erwin
Erwin F. LaBelle
Erwin F. LaBelle, 99 of Whitney Point, passed away on Wednesday, June 2, 2021. He was predeceased by his wife, Jean (Day) LaBelle; brother, Vernon and 3 sisters, Thelma Youmans, Maida LaBelle and Olga Marshall. He is survived by his children and families, Larry and Bobbi LaBelle of Binghamton, Joyce LaBelle and Richard Barton of Andover, MA, Bonnie and Danny VanAlstine of Johnson City and Beverly LaBelle of Johnson City; 4 grandchildren, Brian, Nicole, Joshua and Ross; great grandchild, Landon; longtime companion, Florence Hohn and sister-in-law and brother-in-law, Donna and Reverend Thomas Topar. Erwin retired from Singer-Link after many years of service. He was a very active member of the Whitney Point United Methodist Church. He was a 4-H leader and was active in the PTA Roller Skating Program. Erwin was a loving and caring father, grandfather, great grandfather and friend and was a stable foundation in all of their lives. A funeral service will be held 3:00pm Saturday, June 5, 2021 at Nichols Funeral Home, 7323 199 Street, Whitney Point, New York 13862. Friends of the family may call from 1:30pm Saturday until time of service at the funeral home. Condolences may be sent to the family at www.nicholsfuneral.com
To send flowers to the family or plant a tree in memory of Erwin F. LaBelle, please visit our floral store.
7323 119 th St., P.O. Box 705
© 2022 Nichols Funeral Home. All Rights Reserved. Funeral Home website by CFS & TA | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy


Similar to Skype or Google Hangouts, but designed specifically for education, Collaborate Ultra is a communication tool integrated within courses in Blackboard that faculty can use to conduct online office hours and synchronous web-based meetings with students.This mobile-friendly tool supports up to 250 participants in a session with live webcam streaming and call-in options in addition to tools for chat, break-out groups, presentation, polling, and recording. For a brief introduction to this tool, see these videos.
Possible uses for this tool include tutoring, alternative lecture delivery, and authentic assessments requiring live dialogue. When using this tool, the instructor should model best practices in netiquette for online courses, such as joining a webinar session early to resolve technical issues, active contribution to discussion, and muting the microphone when not speaking. See the following resources to get started with this great technology!


Facebook is a social utility that connects people with friends and others who work, study and live around them. People buy Facebook likes to increase their popularity amongst their competitors and peers as it is now seen as an online marketing medium. People use Facebook to keep up with their competitors, friends or family. After registering to use the site, users can create a user profile, add other users as "friends", exchange messages, post status updates and photos, share videos and receive notifications when others update their profiles. Additionally, users may join common-interest user groups, organized by workplace, school or college, or other characteristics, and categorize their friends into lists such as "People From Work" or "Close Friends". The more the likes a photo, status or video gets on Facebook, the more viral or popular it becomes as it starts to get shown in the news feed. Buy Facebook likes transforms you from a local champ to a global hero.
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Share your latest interesting photos and get tons of Facebook likes and comment.
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Our unique Kensington cow hide dining chairs instantly create a sophisticated atmosphere, perfectly complementing your contemporary or classic interior décor. The unique chair pictured here was made with a stunning, durable tricolour brindle cowhide. It measures 930mm high, 470mm wide and 480mm deep. The seat height is 490mm.


text:
Marko Brekalo (* 24. November 1992 in Zagreb) ist ein kroatischer Fußballspieler.

Karriere
Brekalo begann seine Karriere beim NK Hrvatski dragovoljac. 2007 ging er zu Lokomotiva Zagreb, für den er sieben Monate gespielt hatte, ehe er zum NK Stupnik ging. 2009 kehrte er zu Lokomotiva zurück. Nachdem er viermal verliehen worden war, wechselte er 2013, ohne je für Lokomotiva gespielt zu haben, zum NK Vrapče Zagreb. 2014 ging er zum NK Dubrava. 2015 ging er nach Österreich zum Floridsdorfer AC. Sein Debüt gab er am zweiten Spieltag 2015/16 gegen den FC Wacker Innsbruck. Im Januar 2016 wurde sein Vertrag aufgelöst. Danach spielte er beim NK Lučko Zagreb. Zur Saison 2016/17 wechselte er zum slowenischen Zweitligisten NK Krka.

In der Winterpause der Saison 2016/17 kehrte er nach Kroatien zurück, wo er sich dem Erstligisten Cibalia Vinkovci anschloss. Im Sommer 2017 wechselte er zum Zweitligisten HNK Šibenik. Nach einer Saison bei Šibenik, in der er in 28 Spielen in der 2. HNL fünf Tore erzielen konnte, wechselte er im Juli 2018 nach Rumänien zum FC Botoșani, bei dem er einen bis Juni 2020 laufenden Vertrag erhielt. Doch schon sechs Monate später ging er zurück zu seinem Heimatverein NK Hrvatski dragovoljac. Die Saison 2020/21 verbrachte Brekalo erneut beim NK Krka und seitdem spielt er für den viertklassigen DSV Leoben in Österreich.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Fußballspieler (Lokomotiva Zagreb)
Fußballspieler (HNK Gorica)
Fußballspieler (NK Vrapče Zagreb)
Fußballspieler (Floridsdorfer AC)
Fußballspieler (NK Lučko Zagreb)
Fußballspieler (NK Krka)
Fußballspieler (Cibalia Vinkovci)
Fußballspieler (HNK Šibenik)
Fußballspieler (FC Botoșani)
Fußballspieler (NK Hrvatski dragovoljac)
Fußballspieler (DSV Leoben)
Kroate
Geboren 1992
Mann


text:
You and I, dear reader, are each the center of the universe in our respective opinions. You, as I understand it, were brought into being by a considerate Providence in order that you might read and pay me for what I write; while I, in your opinion, am an article sent into the world to write something for you to read.
Young Readers Get Their First Taste of Paddington Bear
Michael Bond first introduced Paddington Bear to the world in his 1958 children's book A Bear Called Paddington. Paddington, a polite immigrant bear from Darkest Peru, is taken in by the Brown family after they find him in a London train station. A variety of books feature the well-meaning bear, whose adventures have sold more than 30 million copies worldwide. An award-winning TV show helped the series retain its popularity well into the 1990s. What inspired Brown to create Paddington?
Raëlism is a cult religion founded in the 1970s by French journalist and race car driver Claude Vorilhon, now known as Raël. Raëlism teaches that life on Earth was created by a species of extraterrestrials called the Elohim. Raëlians discourage the use of recreational drugs, coffee, and alcohol, but have liberal views of sexuality, accepting homosexuality and encouraging members to explore their desires. They also support cloning and claimed in 2002 to have cloned a human named what?
Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow
A German pathologist, anthropologist, and statesman, Virchow contributed to nearly every branch of medical science, was a member of the Prussian lower house and later the Reichstag, and was a leader of the liberal party opposed to Bismarck. He coined the terms "thrombosis" and "embolism" and supported emerging ideas on cell division and metabolism. Despite his many contributions, which earned him the appellation "Father of Modern Pathology," he rejected the notion that what causes diseases?
Last updated on Sunday, 13th October 2013


text:
Q: how to hook up spring mvc to a dynamic list of data So, i'm new to spring and I'm following this tutorial on spring mvc: http://jeromejaglale.com/doc/spring4_tutorial/mvc_web_application
That shows you how to create a website using spring mvc and display a list of cars. I have this working but I want to extend it so that the website isn't displaying a static list of cars.
Instead, I want the CarService to be more of a structure that can be updated dynamically so cars can be added and deleted. I have the CarService defined as a bean and I would like to just grab it when the controller asks for it.  The issue i'm running into, is how do I startup the web server and start my spring application that will start up the CarService so that we can add and remove separately from the web app?
Any guidance/tutorials on the best way to approach this situation would be greatly appreciated.

A: In the tutorial, data (cars) is hardcoded in CarService for simplify.
If you want add cars dynamically (or all basic operations for data: CRUD - create, read, update, delete) and display them, you should:

*

*Implement class DAO (Data Access Object) for cars, instead CarService with hardcored data.

*Create forms for add cars (or for all CRUD) in yours JSP views.

Ad 1. You can store data in database (eg. MySQL, PostgreSQL) or file (eg. XML, binary) or Web Service (SOAP or REST). If you use database you can JDBC (with SQL query for add and retrieve data from database) or Hibernate (it's ORM - Object-Relational Mapping, automatically create objects).
You can use tutorial eg.:

*

*CRUD for Spring with Hibernate like this: http://www.journaldev.com/3531/spring-mvc-hibernate-mysql-integration-crud-example-tutorial

*CRUD for Spring with JDBC like this: http://www.codejava.net/frameworks/spring/spring-mvc-with-jdbctemplate-example

A: You have multiple option

*

*You can use normal jdbc

*You Can use spring-orm tool

*You can use hibernate

All needs a database table e.g. mysql. and a bit more googling

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
\section{Introduction}
Since its introduction, quantum entanglement has played a central
role in foundational discussions of quantum mechanics. More
recently due to the advent of new more applicative areas, like
quantum information and communication fields, the concept of
entanglement has attracted a renewed interest from the scientific
community. Entangled quantum states have indeed proved to be
essential resources both for quantum information processing and
computational tasks. Also for this reason, in the last few years
many efforts have been devoted to the design and the
implementation, in very different physical areas, of schemes aimed
at generating entangled states \cite{Martinis, Migliore, E1, E2, E3, F, G,
H, cavita, cavita2, NMR, Ioni}. In this context, in particular,
superconductive qubits turned out to be promising candidates
providing their scalability and the possibility of controlling and
manipulating their quantum state in situ via external magnetic
field and voltage pulses \cite{Devoret, Levitov, Ploeg, Cosmelli}.

The efficiency of solid state architectures, however, is
unavoidably limited by decoherence and dissipation phenomena
related to the presence of different noise sources partly stemming
from control circuitry but also having microscopic origin. Thus,
having as final target the realization of states characterized by
prefixed quantum correlations, it is obviously important to
estimate the effects of the coupling between the system considered
and its surroundings.

Very recently Galiautdinov and Martinis \cite{Martinis} have
presented a protocol suitable for generating maximally entangled
states, namely $GHZ$ and $W$ states, of three Josephson qubits.
The key idea on which their proposal is based, is that for
implementing symmetric states, as the $GHZ$ and $W$ are, it is
convenient to symmetrically control all the qubits in the system.
In particular, making use of a triangular coupling interaction
scheme and exploiting single qubit local rotations, they
demonstrate the possibility of generating the desired state
appropriately setting the interaction time between the qubits. In
their analysis however, the authors considered the system as an
ideal one, without taking into account in any way its unavoidable
coupling with uncontrollable external degrees of freedom. In this
paper, following the idea proposed in ref.\cite{Martinis}, we
investigate on the effects of the environment on the generation of
$GHZ$ states. More in detail, we concentrate our attention on all
the external degrees of freedom that can be effectively modelized
as independent bosonic modes taking into account their presence
from the very beginning. We moreover exploit the same triangular
coupling mechanism envisaged in ref. \cite{Martinis} but we modify
the single qubit rotation protocols with respect the ones of
Galiautdinov and Martinis. Our analysis clearly prove that the
scheme for generating GHZ states is stable enough against
the noise sources we consider.

The paper is organized as follows: in section \ref{Entangling} we briefly
discuss the key ingredients of the Galiautdinov and Martinis (G-M)
procedure whereas in section \ref{rotations} we propose a possible way to
reduce the time required to generate the desired states. All the
steps of the generation protocol are then investigated in section \ref{MEDerivation}
supposing that each qubit of the system interacts with an
independent bosonic bath. The last section is devoted to the
discussion of the result we have obtained.

\section{Galiautdinov - Martinis entangling protocol} \label{Entangling}
In this section we briefly summarize the single step entangling
protocol, proposed by Galiautdinov and Martinis in order to
generate the three-qubits $GHZ$ states
\begin{equation}\label{GHZ}
\ket{GHZ}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\ket{000}+e^{i\varphi}\ket{111})
\end{equation}
being $\ket{0}$ and $\ket{1}$ the ground and excited states of each qubit respectively.
More in particular we review some aspects of the procedure that are of interest in the context of the present paper.
The Hamiltonian model describing the physical system consisting of three Josephson qubits with pairwise coupling, is given by
\begin{equation}\label{HamCoupl}
H=\sum_{i=1}^3\Big(\frac{\omega}{2}\sigma_z^{i}+\frac{1}{2}[g(\sigma_x^{i}\sigma_x^{i+1}+\sigma_y^{i}\sigma_y^{i+1})+\tilde{g}\sigma_z^{i}\sigma_z^{i+1}]\Big)
\end{equation}
with $\sigma_k^{4}=\sigma_k^1$ ($k=x,y,z$). Introducing the collective operators
\begin{equation}
\mathbf{S}=\sum_{j=1}^3\frac{\boldsymbol{\sigma}^j}{2}
\end{equation}
we can rewrite equation (\ref{HamCoupl}) in the following more convenient form
\begin{equation}\label{HamCouplS}
H=\omega S_z+gS^2-(g-\tilde{g})S_z^2
\end{equation}
within a constant term. Starting from equation (\ref{HamCouplS}) it is evident that the eigenstates of the system can be written as common eigenstates
$\ket{s_{12},s,m}$ of the operators $S_{12}^2=\bigr[\frac{1}{2}(\boldsymbol{\sigma}^1+\boldsymbol{\sigma}^2)\bigr]^2$, $S^2$ and $S_z$:
\begin{eqnarray}
\nonumber S_{12}^2\ket{s_{12},s,m}&=s_{12}(s_{12}+1)\ket{s_{12},s,m}\\
S^2\ket{s_{12},s,m}&=s(s+1)\ket{s_{12},s,m}\\
\nonumber S_z\ket{s_{12},s,m}&=m\ket{s_{12},s,m}
\end{eqnarray}
In particular it is immediate to convince oneself that the two states $\ket{000}\equiv\Bigl|s_{12}=1,s=\frac{3}{2},s_z=-\frac{3}{2}\Bigr\rangle$
and $\ket{111}\equiv\Bigl|s_{12}=1,s=\frac{3}{2},s_z=\frac{3}{2}\Bigr\rangle$ are eigenstates of $H$ correspondent to the eigenvalues
$-\frac{3}{2}\omega+\frac{3}{4}(2g+3\tilde{g})$ and $\frac{3}{2}\omega+\frac{3}{4}(2g+3\tilde{g})$ respectively.
In view of these considerations it is clear that, if at $t=0$ the three qubits are in their respective ground state,
in order to guide the system toward the desired state (\ref{GHZ}) it becomes necessary to implement some local rotations before
 turning on the interaction mechanism described by equation (\ref{HamCoupl}). This is what Galiautdinov and Martinis do,
 making thus sure an initial condition having both $\ket{000}$ and $\ket{111}$ components.
 The entanglement is then performed by switching on, for an appropriate interval of time $t_{int}=\frac{\pi}{2(g-\tilde{g})}$,
 the interaction described by equation (\ref{HamCoupl}) and finally by realizing an additional single-qubit rotation.
The scheme thus consists of three different steps: in the first
and the third ones, the Josephson qubits are independent and are
driven by external fields in order to appropriately rotate their
state. In the second step instead the three qubits are coupled
thus producing the desired entanglement among them.

\section{Single-qubit rotations}\label{rotations}
As we have underlined in section \ref{Entangling}, starting from
the initial condition $\ket{000}$ the interaction mechanism
described in equation (\ref{HamCoupl}) can be usefully exploited
for generating $GHZ$ states of three qubits, only if local
rotation operations are realized as first and final steps of the
procedure. These two distinct operations of the protocol require a
total time of realization $t_{13}=t_1+t_3$, which has to add to the
length of the qubit interaction time
$t_{int}=\frac{\pi}{2(g-\tilde{g})}$, if we wish to estimate the
total duration of the generation scheme. Thus the choice of the
physical mechanism able to perform appropriate single qubit
rotations, could be usefully exploited to control the time
required to generate the desired state starting from the state
$\ket{000}$. This aspect is of particular interest especially when
the presence of external degrees of freedom is not negligible. At
the light of these considerations we have chosen rotation
mechanisms different from the ones envisaged in
ref.\cite{Martinis}. In particular we suppose that in the first,
as well as in the last step of the scheme, whose duration is
hereafter indicated by $t_1$ and $t_3$ respectively, the system of
the three qubits is described by the following Hamiltonian
\begin{equation}\label{Hamrot3}
H_{rot}^l=\sum_{j=1}^3H_{rot}^l(j)\hspace{.8cm}(l=I,III)
\end{equation}
with
\begin{equation}\label{HamRot}
H_{rot}^l(j)=\frac{\omega}{2}\sigma_z^j+\frac{\omega}{2}\left(e^{i\beta_l}\sigma_-^j+\mathrm{h.c.}\right)
\end{equation}
where
\begin{eqnarray}
\beta_I&=\pi\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+1\right)\\
\nonumber \beta_{III}&=\pi\left(\frac{3+\sqrt{2}}{2}\right)+\pi\left(\frac{(3+\sqrt{3})\omega}{8(g-\tilde{g})}\right).
\end{eqnarray}
In ref. \cite{Chirolli} is discussed in detail a possible way to
realize hamiltonian model like the one given by equation
(\ref{Hamrot3}) showing in particular that a full control of qubit
rotations on the entire Bloch sphere can be achieved.

It is possible to prove that setting
$t_1=t_3=\frac{\pi}{\sqrt{2}\omega}$, the sequence of the three
steps leads to the desired $GHZ$ states when the interaction
between the system of the three Josephson qubits and the external
world may be neglected. After some calculation indeed it is
possible to obtain that at $t=t_1$ the state of the system is
given by
\begin{eqnarray}\label{1rot}
\ket{\psi(t_1)}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{8}}\bigg(\ket{000}+\ket{111}e^{-\frac{3i\pi}{\sqrt{2}}}+\sqrt{3}\ket{W}e^{-\frac{i\pi}{\sqrt{2}}}
+\sqrt{3}\ket{W'}e^{-\sqrt{2}i\pi}\bigg).
\end{eqnarray}
where
\begin{equation}
\ket{W}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}(\ket{100}+\ket{010}+\ket{001})
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\ket{W'}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}(\ket{011}+\ket{101}+\ket{110}).
\end{equation}
At $t=t_1$ the interaction mechanism described by equation (\ref{HamCoupl}) is switched on for a time $t_{int}=\frac{\pi}{2(g-\tilde{g})}$.
At the end of this second step the state of the system will be
\begin{eqnarray}\label{2step}
\ket{\psi(t_1+t_{int})}=&\frac{1}{\sqrt{8}}\bigg(\ket{000}+\ket{111}e^{-\frac{3i\pi}{2}\big(\frac{\omega}{g-\tilde{g}}+\sqrt{2}\big)}+\\
\nonumber &-\sqrt{3}\ket{W}e^{i\pi(\frac{(\sqrt{3}-3)\omega}{4(g-\tilde{g})}-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2})}
-\sqrt{3}\ket{W'}e^{-i\pi(\frac{(\sqrt{3}+3)\omega}{4(g-\tilde{g})}+\sqrt{2})}\bigg).
\end{eqnarray}
Thus the last step of the procedure described by $H_{rot}^{III}$, leads the system into the final state
\begin{equation}\label{StatoFinale}
\ket{\psi(t_1+t_{int}+t_3)}=\frac{1}{2}\bigg[(i+e^{i\alpha})\ket{000}+ie^{-i\theta}(i-e^{i\alpha})\ket{111}\bigg]
\end{equation}
with
\begin{eqnarray}\label{alfateta}
\nonumber &\alpha=\frac{3\pi\omega(\sqrt{3}-1)}{8(g-\tilde{g})}\\
&\theta=\frac{3\pi\sqrt{2}}{2}+\frac{3\pi\omega(\sqrt{3}+3)}{8(g-\tilde{g})}.
\end{eqnarray}
Starting from equations (\ref{StatoFinale}) and (\ref{alfateta}) it is immediate to convince oneself that, if the condition
\begin{equation}\label{CondGHZ}
\frac{\omega}{g-\tilde{g}}=\frac{8k}{3(\sqrt{3}-1)}\hspace{.8cm}k\in\mathbb{N}
\end{equation}
is satisfied, the three Josephson qubits are left in the desired $GHZ$ state.\\
Thus we can say that the time required to generate the state (\ref{GHZ}) starting from the condition $\ket{000}$ can be estimated as
\begin{equation}
t_{tot}=t_1+t_{int}+t_3=\frac{\sqrt{2}\pi}{\omega}+\frac{\pi}{2(g-\tilde{g})}.
\end{equation}
This value of $t_{tot}$ has to be compared with a time
$t_{tot}=\frac{\pi}{\Omega}+\frac{\pi}{2(g-\tilde{g})}$, with
$\Omega\ll\omega$ required if the procedure of Galiautdinov and
Martinis is adopted. Starting indeed from the results presented in
refs \cite{Martinis} and \cite{Geller}, it is possible to convince
oneself that the proposal of Galiautdinov and Martinis requires
that in the first an in the last step of the procedure the
dynamics of each qubit is governed by the following Hamiltonian
model

\begin{equation}\label{GM}
H_{GM}^{I,III}=\sum_j H_{GM}^{I,III}(j)
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}\label{GMj}
H_{GM}^{I,III}(j)=\frac{\omega}{2}\sigma_z^j+\Omega cos(\omega
t+\phi_{I,III})\sigma_x^j
\end{equation}
with $\Omega\ll \omega$ and $\phi_I=-\frac{\pi}{2}$
$\phi_{III}=0$.

Thus, changing the way to rotate the state of the three
qubits during the first and the last step of the procedure, is possible
to reduce the time required to generate
the target state. As said before, this aspect is of particular
relevance when the interaction of the system with the external
world is not negligible. The price to pay anyway is that in our
case, differently from the scheme of Galiautdinov and Martinis,
three qubit GHZ states can be generated only if the condition given in
equation (\ref{CondGHZ}) is satisfied. Generally speaking, indeed, at the
end of the procedure, the three Josephson qubits are left in a
linear superposition of the two states $\ket{000}$ and $\ket{111}$
with amplitudes $A_{000}=\frac{1}{2}(i+e^{i\alpha})$ and
$A_{111}=\frac{i}{2}e^{-i\theta}(i-e^{i\alpha})$ respectively. It
is important however, to stress that the condition (\ref{CondGHZ})
is compatible with typical values of the free frequency $\omega$,
that generally speaking can be taken of the order of 10GHz, and
with the values of the coupling constants $g$ and $\tilde{g}$,
that reasonably can be assumed of the order of 1GHz and
$10^{-1}$GHz respectively \cite{You, Makhlin, DevoMartin,ScalaMigliore}. On the other hand, condition
(\ref{CondGHZ}) is not so mandatory as it appears, since we have verified
that variations of ten percent in the ratio
$\frac{\omega}{g-\tilde{g}}$ are still compatible
 with the requirement that $|A_{000}|^2\simeq|A_{111}|^2$.

\section{Microscopic master equation derivation}\label{MEDerivation}
In a realistic description of the scheme until now discussed we
cannot neglect the presence of uncontrollable external degrees of
freedom coupled to the three Josephson qubits that, generally
speaking, affects in a bad way quantum state generation protocols.
These degrees of freedom, that define the so-called environment,
can have different physical origin and thus different
descriptions. In this section we will focus our attention on all
the external degrees of freedom describable as independent bosonic
modes \cite{bos1, bos2, bos3, bos4, bos5, bos6, bos7, bos8, bos9}.
More in detail, we will suppose that during all the process
each qubit is coupled to a bosonic bath and the three baths are
independent.

The plausibility of this assumption can be tracked back to the
fact that the three superconductive qubits are spatially separated
so that it is reasonable to suppose that each of them is affected
by sources of noise stemming from different parts of the
superconductive circuit. In this section we review all the three
steps of the procedure before discussed, analyzing the dynamics of
the system by considering from the very beginning the interaction
of each qubit with a bosonic bath. In order to do this we will
construct and solve microscopic master equations in correspondence
to the three different steps described in section \ref{rotations} in which
the generation scheme is structured. In each of the three steps the master
equation will be derived in the Born - Markov and Rotating wave approximations
\cite{Petruccione}. We wish to stress at this point that the use of
microscopic master equations instead of naiver and more popular
phenomenological ones, becomes important particularly when
structured reservoirs are considered \cite{Migliore_2011}.

\subsection{First step: single-qubit rotation}

Let us suppose that the three Josephson qubits are initially
prepared in the ground state $\ket{000}$ and that the Hamiltonian
describing the system in the first step of the procedure is given
by equation (\ref{Hamrot3}) with $l=I$. Each qubit moreover is coupled
to a bosonic bath and the three baths are independent. The
Hamiltonian model describing the system in the first step can be
thus written as \cite{Scala}
\begin{equation}\label{HamRes}
H_1=H_{rot}^I+H_B+H_{int}
\\\end{equation}
with
\begin{eqnarray}\label{HamRes1}
H_B\equiv&H_B(1)+H_B(2)+H_B(3)=\\
\nonumber =&\sum_k\omega_k^1a_k^{1\dag} a_k^1+\sum_k\omega_k^2a_k^{2\dag} a_k^2+\sum_k\omega_k^3a_k^{3\dag} a_k^3
\end{eqnarray}
and
\begin{eqnarray}\label{HamRes2}
H_{int}=\sigma_x^1\otimes\sum_kg_k^1(a_k^1+& a_k^{1\dag})+\sigma_x^2\otimes\sum_kg_k^2(a_k^2+ a_k^{2\dag})+\\ \nonumber&+\sigma_x^3\otimes\sum_kg_k^3(a_k^3+ a_k^{3\dag}).
\end{eqnarray}
Exploiting standard procedure \cite{Petruccione} we now derive the microscopic
master equation suitable to describe the dynamics of the three
qubits system. Taking into account the fact that the qubits, as
well as the baths, are, in this case, independent, it is enough
to construct and solve the master equation
correspondent to a single superconductive qubit. Indicating by
$\rho_j(t)$ the density matrix of the $j$-th $(j=1,2,3)$ qubit, it
is possible to prove that during the first step we have
\begin{eqnarray}\label{MasterRot1}
\nonumber &\dot{\rho}_j(t)=-i[H_{rot}^I(j),\rho_j(t)]+\\&\gamma_1(\omega_1)\biggr(A_j(\omega_1)\rho_j(t)A_j^\dag(\omega_1)-
\frac{1}{2}\big\{A_j^\dag(\omega_1)A_j(\omega_1),\rho_j(t)\big\}\biggr)+\\
\nonumber &\gamma_1(\omega_{2})\biggr(A_j(\omega_{2})\rho_j(t)A_j^\dag(\omega_{2})-
\frac{1}{2}\big\{A_j^\dag(\omega_{2})A_j(\omega_{2}),\rho_j(t)\big\}\biggr)
\end{eqnarray}
where the Bohr frequencies are respectively
$\omega_1=\sqrt{2}\omega$ and $\omega_2=0$ whereas the
correspondent operators, describing the jumps between the
eigenstates $\ket{\psi_\pm\epsilon}_j$
($\epsilon=\frac{\omega}{\sqrt{2}}$), of the Hamiltonian
$H_{rot}^I(j)$, are given by
\begin{eqnarray}\label{A1fase}
\nonumber A_j(\omega_1)&\equiv\ket{\psi_{-\epsilon}}_{jj}\bra{\psi_{-\epsilon}}\sigma_x^j\ket{\psi_\epsilon}_{jj}\bra{\psi_\epsilon}=\\
\nonumber &=\bigg(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\cos{\frac{\pi}{\sqrt{2}}}-i\sin{\frac{\pi}{\sqrt{2}}}\bigg)\ket{\psi_{-\epsilon}}_{jj}\bra{\psi_{\epsilon}}\\
A_j(\omega_{2})&\equiv\ket{\psi_{-\epsilon}}_{jj}\bra{\psi_{-\epsilon}}\sigma_x^j\ket{\psi_{-\epsilon}}_{jj}\bra{\psi_{-\epsilon}}+\\
\nonumber &+\ket{\psi_\epsilon}_{jj}\bra{\psi_\epsilon}\sigma_x^j\ket{\psi_\epsilon}_{jj}\bra{\psi_\epsilon}=\\
\nonumber &=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\cos{\frac{\pi}{\sqrt{2}}}\bigg(\ket{\psi_{-\epsilon}}_{jj}\bra{\psi_{-\epsilon}}-\ket{\psi_\epsilon}_{jj}\bra{\psi_\epsilon}\bigg)
\end{eqnarray}
with
\begin{eqnarray}\label{AutovRot1}
&\ket{\psi_\epsilon}_j=\frac{1}{2}\left[\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}e^{-i\beta_I}\ket{1}_j+ \sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}}\ket{0}_j\right]\\
\nonumber &\ket{\psi_{-\epsilon}}_j=\frac{1}{2}\left[\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}}e^{-i\beta_I}\ket{1}_j- \sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}\ket{0}_j\right].
\end{eqnarray}
Concerning the decay rates $\gamma_1(\omega_1)$ and
$\gamma_1(\omega_2)$ appearing in equation (\ref{MasterRot1}),
we will fix their numerical value in the next section where we explicitly
give the spectral properties of the baths.

\subsection{Second step: entangling procedure}
As we have previously discussed, the next step requires that the
three qubits interact among them through the coupling mechanism
described by equation (\ref{HamCouplS}). In addition each qubit
interacts with a bosonic bath. Thus the Hamiltonian describing the
total system in this second step can be written as
\begin{equation}
H_2=H+H_B+H_{int}.
\end{equation}
The master equation for the
density matrix of the three qubits during the second step can be written in the form
\begin{eqnarray}\label{MasterCoupl}
\dot{\rho}(t)=&-i[H,\rho(t)]+\\
\nonumber &+\sum_{j=1}^3\sum_{k=1}^8\gamma_2(\omega_k)\biggr(A_j(\omega_k)\rho(t)A_j^\dag(\omega_k)-\frac{1}{2}\big\{A_j^\dag(\omega_k)A_j(\omega_k),\rho(t)\big\}\biggr)
\end{eqnarray}
where the Bohr frequencies are the following
\begin{eqnarray}\label{BohrFr2}
\nonumber \omega_{1,3}&=\frac{3-\sqrt{3}}{2}\omega\pm2(g-\tilde{g})\\
\nonumber \omega_{2,4}&=\frac{3}{2}\omega\mp(g+2\tilde{g})\\
\omega_5&=\sqrt{3}\omega\\
\nonumber \omega_{6,7}&=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\omega\pm3g\\
\nonumber \omega_8&=0
\end{eqnarray}
whereas the jump operators between the eigenstates of the
Hamiltonian (\ref{HamCouplS}) are given for convenience in
appendix B. We wish to underline that equation (\ref{MasterCoupl})
does not contain mixed terms of the form
$A_j(\omega_k)\rho(t)A_{j'}^\dag(\omega_k)-
\frac{1}{2}\big\{A_j^\dag(\omega_k)A_{j'}(\omega_k),\rho(t)\big\}$
with $j\neq j'$ in view of the fact that the three bosonic baths
are independent.

We have solved the master equation (\ref{MasterCoupl}),
considering as initial condition the solution of the master
equation (\ref{MasterRot1}) obtained in the previous paragraph at
$t=t_1$ . More in detail, taking into account the fact that the
ideal scheme provides a dynamics confined in the subspace
generated by the states $\ket{000}$, $\ket{111}$, $\ket{W}$ and
$\ket{W'}$, we have focused our attention on the projection of
$\rho(t)$ on this subspace. It is possible indeed to prove that
the neglected subspace will be at the most populated with a
probability not exceeding the 3\%.

\subsection{Third step: local rotations}
To complete the analysis of the GHZ state generation procedure in
presence of noise, we have to construct the microscopic master
equation describing the system in the last step of the scheme.
Actually it can be immediately deduced from the master equation
derived in the first step simply substituting $\beta_I$ with
$\beta_{III}$  in the eigenstates $\ket{\psi_{\pm\epsilon}}$
appearing in the jump operators. However, in this case it is more
convenient to write the jump operators exploiting the basis
\begin{eqnarray}\label{baseRot}
\nonumber &\ket{\widetilde{000}}=T\ket{000}\\
\nonumber &\ket{\widetilde{111}}=T\ket{111}\\
\nonumber &\ket{\widetilde{W}}=T\ket{W}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}T(\ket{100}+\ket{010}+\ket{001})\\
\nonumber &\ket{\widetilde{W'}}=T\ket{W'}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}T(\ket{011}+\ket{101}+\ket{110})\\
&\ket{\widetilde{\psi_1}}=T\ket{\psi_1}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}T(\ket{100}-\ket{010})\\
\nonumber &\ket{\widetilde{\psi_1'}}=T\ket{\psi_1'}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}T(\ket{011}-\ket{101})\\
\nonumber &\ket{\widetilde{\psi_2}}=T\ket{\psi_2}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}}T(\ket{100}+\ket{010}-2\ket{001})\\
\nonumber &\ket{\widetilde{\psi_2'}}=T\ket{\psi_2'}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}}T(\ket{011}+\ket{101}-2\ket{110}).
\end{eqnarray}
instead of the standard one. In this new basis the unitary
operator $T$ can be represented as
\begin{eqnarray}\label{TTrasf}
T=\frac{\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}}{8}\left(\begin{array}{ccc}
B_1 & & 0 \\ & B_2 & \\ 0 & & B_3 \\
\end{array}\right)
\end{eqnarray}
with
\begin{eqnarray}
\nonumber B_1=&{\scriptsize\left(\begin{array}{cccc}
 -(2+\sqrt{2}) & -(4-3\sqrt{2}) & \sqrt{6} & -\sqrt{3}(2-\sqrt{2})\\
 -(4-3\sqrt{2})e^{-3i\beta_{III}} & (2+\sqrt{2})e^{-3i\beta_{III}} &  \sqrt{3}(2-\sqrt{2})e^{-3i\beta_{III}} & \sqrt{6}e^{-3i\beta_{III}} \\
 \sqrt{6}e^{-i\beta_{III}} & \sqrt{3}(2-\sqrt{2})e^{-i\beta_{III}} & (3\sqrt{2}-2)e^{-i\beta_{III}} & -(4-\sqrt{2})e^{-i\beta_{III}} \\
 -\sqrt{3}(2-\sqrt{2})e^{-2i\beta_{III}} & \sqrt{6}e^{-2i\beta_{III}} &  -(4-\sqrt{2})e^{-2i\beta_{III}} & -(3\sqrt{2}-2)e^{-2i\beta_{III}} \\
 \end{array}\right)}\\
\nonumber B_2=&\left(\begin{array}{cc}
4e^{-i\beta_{III}} & 4(\sqrt{2}-1)e^{-i\beta_{III}} \\ 4(\sqrt{2}-1)e^{-2i\beta_{III}} & -4e^{-2i\beta_{III}} \\
\end{array}\right)\\
\nonumber B_3=&\left(\begin{array}{cc}
4e^{-i\beta_{III}} & 4(\sqrt{2}-1)e^{-i\beta_{III}} \\ 4(\sqrt{2}-1)e^{-2i\beta_{III}} & -4e^{-2i\beta_{III}} \\
\end{array}\right)
\end{eqnarray}
It is possible to demonstrate that in this case the master equation can be written as
\begin{eqnarray}\label{MasterE2Rot}
\dot{\rho}(t)=&-i[H_{rot}^{III},\rho(t)]+\\
\nonumber &+\sum_{j=1}^3\sum_{i=1}^{2}\gamma_3(\omega_i)\biggr(A_j(\omega_i)\rho(t)A_j^\dag(\omega_i)-\frac{1}{2}\big\{A_j^\dag(\omega_i)A_j(\omega_i),\rho(t)\big\}\biggr)
\end{eqnarray}
where the Bohr frequencies are the same as the ones in the first
step whereas the jump operators $A_j(\omega_i)$ between the
eigenstates of the Hamiltonian $H_{rot}^{III}$ are for convenience
given in the appendix C.

\section{Results and conclusions} \label{Conclu}

Having at disposal the microscopic master equations
(\ref{MasterRot1}), (\ref{MasterCoupl}) and (\ref{MasterE2Rot}),
describing the dynamics of the three-qubit system, we have found
the density matrix $\rho(t_{tot})$ of the system at the time instant
$t_{tot}=t_1+t_{int}+t_3$, supposing that at $t=0$ the initial
condition was $\ket{\psi(0)}=\ket{000}$. Moreover, we have assumed that all the three
baths were characterized by the same spectral density given in
particular by the ohmic one
\begin{equation}\label{ohmicspectrum}
\gamma(\omega)=\Bigg \{
 \begin{array}{c}
  \gamma_0 \;\;\;\;\; \omega=0\\
  \alpha \omega \;\;\;\;\; \omega\neq 0
\end{array}\end{equation}
where $\gamma_0$ is introduced in order to take into account a non
zero decay rate for $\omega=0$.

To quantify the effects of the bosonic baths we can consider the
fidelity $\emph{F}$

\begin{equation}\label{fidelity1}
\emph{F}=Tr\{\rho_{exp}\rho(t_{tot})\}
\end{equation}

that gives an idea of the difference existing between the density matrix $\rho_{exp}$, obtained when the interaction with the three baths is neglected, and the density matrix $\rho(t_{tot})$. The results we
have obtained are for convenience given in figure \ref{fig1} where we
plot \emph{F} as a function of the ratio $\omega/g$
assigning to the parameters $\gamma_0$ and $\alpha$ physically
reasonable values. In particular we have chosen
$\gamma_0=\alpha=10^{-3}$ \cite{Makhlin, You, DevoMartin, ScalaMigliore} .

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{FigInset.pdf}
\caption{ Fidelity $F$ as a function of $\omega/g$ when we assume that all the three baths were characterized by the same ohmic spectral density given in (\ref{ohmicspectrum}) with  $\gamma_0=\alpha=10^{-3}$ and the parameters assume the values $\tilde{g}/g=0.1$. The inset shows the Fidelity for values $0<\omega/g<0.08$.} \label{fig1}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

As we can see, at least for $\omega\lesssim 20g$ the presence of
bosonic baths at zero temperature does not affect in a
significative way the dynamics of the system during the different
steps of the procedure, being the fidelity not less that 0.90.
One should expect that the fidelity $F$ is a monotonically decreasing
function of $\omega/g$. The model we have used for the decay rate (see
eq.(\ref{ohmicspectrum}), however, is discontinuous  for zero frequency
because we want to consider also possible dephasing channels. In view of
this discontinuity one is not allowed to perform the limit $\omega/g$
tending to zero in the fidelity. Anyway this is not a problem in view of
the fact that for $\omega=0$ our scheme is meaningless since in this limit
no rotations are performed. Moreover, as the inset in figure 1 shows, the
increase of $F$ is rapid with respect to $\omega/g$.\\
Let us now observe that increasing of an order of magnitude the bath decay rates, the
fidelity $F$ remains experimentally significative as shown in
figure \ref{fig2}.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{Fig2.pdf}
\caption{Fidelity $F$ as a function of $\omega/g$ when we assume that all the three baths were characterized by the same ohmic spectral density given in (\ref{ohmicspectrum}) with  $\gamma_0=\alpha=10^{-2}$ and the parameters assume the values $\tilde{g}/g=0.1$.} \label{fig2}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Both figures make evident that the presence of the three
independent bosonic baths does not affect in a dramatic way the
results reached under the hypothesis of perfect isolation.

We are however interested to the generation of GHZ states as given
in equation (\ref{GHZ}), which, as we have previously seen, can be
obtained only if the condition (\ref{CondGHZ}) is satisfied. Thus
it is of interest for us to analyze the fidelity $\emph{F}_{GHZ}$
defined as
\begin{equation}\label{fidelity2}
\emph{F}_{GHZ}=Tr\{\ket{GHZ}\bra{GHZ}\rho(t_{tot})\}
\end{equation}
and reported in figures \ref{fig3} and \ref{fig4} as a function of the ratio
$\omega/g$.
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{Fig3.pdf}
\caption{Fidelity $F_{GHZ}$ as a function of $\omega/g$ when we assume that all the three baths were characterized by the same ohmic spectral density given in (\ref{ohmicspectrum}) with  $\gamma_0=\alpha=10^{-3}$ and the parameters assume the values $\tilde{g}/g=0.1$. To evaluate $F_{GHZ}$ we put $\varphi=\frac{3\pi}{2}(\sqrt{3}+\frac{(3+\sqrt{3})}{4}\frac{\omega}{g-\tilde{g}})$ for the GHZ state in equation (\ref{fidelity2}).} \label{fig3}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Figure \ref{fig3} is obtained in correspondence of bath decay rates
generally reported in literature as realistic ones \cite{Makhlin, You, DevoMartin, ScalaMigliore}
whereas the results reported in figure \ref{fig4} are obtained supposing
worse conditions. As expected, the fidelity $\emph{F}_{GHZ}$ shows
maxima in correspondence to values of $\omega/g$ such to
satisfy condition (\ref{CondGHZ}). The value of such maxima
moreover decreases increasing the ratio $\omega/g$. This
circumstance is in turn related to the fact that the decay rates
appearing in the master equations (\ref{MasterRot1}),
(\ref{MasterCoupl}) and (\ref{MasterE2Rot}), are increasing
functions of $\omega$. However, also considering the worst case we
may conclude that it is possible to choose an interval of values
of the ratio $\omega/g$ in correspondence of which
$\emph{F}_{GHZ}$ is greater than 0.7. On the other hand for
experimentally reasonable values of the decay rates $\gamma_0$ and
$\alpha$ we can obtain values of $\emph{F}_{GHZ}$ greater than
0.9 also fixing $\omega/g$ in different intervals, see figure \ref{fig3}.
Notwithstanding these values of the fidelity are less than the fault
tolerance threshold, they  are surely of interest in the context of
generation schemes of quantum states having assigned properties.

We thus may conclude that the scheme before discussed to generate
GHZ states (\ref{GHZ}) is robust enough with respect to the
presence of noise sources describable as independent bosonic
baths.
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[]{Fig4.pdf}
\caption{Fidelity $F_{GHZ}$ as a function of $\omega/g$ when we assume that all the three baths were characterized by the same ohmic spectral density given in (\ref{ohmicspectrum}) with  $\gamma_0=\alpha=10^{-2}$ and the parameters assume the values $\tilde{g}/g=0.1$. To evaluate $F_{GHZ}$ we put $\varphi=\frac{3\pi}{2}(\sqrt{3}+\frac{(3+\sqrt{3})}{4}\frac{\omega}{g-\tilde{g}})$ for the GHZ state in equation (\ref{fidelity2}).} \label{fig4}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section*{acknowledgments}
The Authors thank the Project PRIN 2008C3JE43\_003 for financial
support.

\section{Appendix A}

The eigenstates of the Hamiltonian given in (\ref{HamCouplS}) can
be written as common eigenstates $\ket{s_{12},s,m}$ of the
operators
$S_{12}^2=\bigr[\frac{1}{2}(\boldsymbol{\sigma}^1+\boldsymbol{\sigma}^2)\bigr]^2$,
$S^2$ and $S_z$ and can be cast in the form
\begin{eqnarray}\label{base}\
\nonumber &\Bigl|1,\frac{3}{2},-\frac{3}{2}\Bigr\rangle=\ket{000}\\
\nonumber &\Bigl|1,\frac{3}{2},\frac{3}{2}\Bigr\rangle=\ket{111}\\
\nonumber &\Bigl|1,\frac{3}{2},-\frac{1}{2}\Bigr\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}(\ket{100}+\ket{010}+\ket{001})\equiv\ket{W}\\
&\Bigl|1,\frac{3}{2},\frac{1}{2}\Bigr\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}(\ket{011}+\ket{101}+\ket{110})\equiv\ket{W'}\\
\nonumber &\Bigl|0,\frac{1}{2},-\frac{1}{2}\Bigr\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\ket{100}-\ket{010})\equiv=\ket{\psi_1}\\
\nonumber &\Bigl|0,\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}\Bigr\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\ket{011}-\ket{101})\equiv\ket{\psi_1'}\\
\nonumber &\Bigl|1,\frac{1}{2},-\frac{1}{2}\Bigr\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}}(\ket{100}+\ket{010}-2\ket{001})\equiv\ket{\psi_2}\\
\nonumber &\Bigl|1,\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}\Bigr\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}}(\ket{011}+\ket{101}-2\ket{110})\equiv\ket{\psi_2'}.
\end{eqnarray}
The correspondent eigenvalues are given by
\begin{eqnarray}\label{A.valoriCoupl}
\nonumber &E_{\ket{000}}=-\frac{3}{2}(\omega-\tilde{g})\\
\nonumber &E_{\ket{111}}=\frac{3}{2}(\omega+\tilde{g})\\
&E_{\ket{W}}=-\frac{1}{2}(\sqrt{3}\omega-4g+\tilde{g})\\
\nonumber &E_{\ket{W'}}=\frac{1}{2}(\sqrt{3}\omega+4g-\tilde{g})\\
\nonumber &E_{\ket{\psi_r}}=-(g+\frac{\tilde{g}}{2})\;\;\;\; \mathrm{for}\;\;\;
r=1,1',2,2'
\end{eqnarray}

\section{Appendix B}

The Bohr frequencies of the system in the second step are given in
(\ref{BohrFr2}) and the correspondent jump operators are
respectively

\begin{eqnarray}
\nonumber A_j(\omega_1)=&\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\ket{000}\bra{W}\;\;\;\; j=1,2,3\\
\nonumber A_j(\omega_2)=&(-1)^{j+1}\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\ket{000}\bra{\psi_1}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}}\ket{000}\bra{\psi_2}\;\;\;j=1,2\\
\nonumber A_3(\omega_2)=&-\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}\ket{000}\bra{\psi_2}\\
\nonumber A_j(\omega_3)=&\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\ket{W'}\bra{111}\;\;\;j=1,2,3\\
\nonumber A_j(\omega_4)=&(-1)^{j+1}\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\ket{\psi_1'}\bra{111}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}}\ket{\psi_2'}\bra{111}\;\;\;j=1,2\\
\nonumber A_3(\omega_4)=&-\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}\ket{\psi_2'}\bra{111}\\
\nonumber A_j(\omega_5)=&\frac{2}{3}\ket{W}\bra{W'}\;\;\;j=1,2,3\\
A_j(\omega_6)=&(-1)^j\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}}\ket{W}\bra{\psi_1'}-\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}\ket{W}\bra{\psi_2'}\;\;\;j=1,2\\
\nonumber A_3(\omega_6)=&\frac{\sqrt{2}}{3}\ket{W}\bra{\psi_2'}\\
\nonumber A_j(\omega_7)=&-\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}}\ket{\psi_1}\bra{W'}-\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}\ket{\psi_2}\bra{W'}\;\;\;j=1,2\\
\nonumber A_3(\omega_7)=&\frac{\sqrt{2}}{3}\ket{\psi_2}\bra{W'}\\
\nonumber A_j(\omega_8)=&(-1)^{j+1}\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}(\ket{\psi_1}\bra{\psi_2'}+\ket{\psi_1'}\bra{\psi_2}+\ket{\psi_2}\bra{\psi_1'}+\\
\nonumber &+\ket{\psi_2'}\bra{\psi_1})-\frac{2}{3}(\ket{\psi_2}\bra{\psi_2'}+\ket{\psi_2'}\bra{\psi_2})\;\;\;j=1,2\\
\nonumber A_3(\omega_8)=&-(\ket{\psi_1}\bra{\psi_1'}+\ket{\psi_1'}\bra{\psi_1})+\frac{1}{3}(\ket{\psi_2}\bra{\psi_2'}+\\
\nonumber &\ket{\psi_2'}\bra{\psi_2}).
\end{eqnarray}

\section{Appendix C}
As far as the third step it is useful to rewrite the jump
operators of the first step in the basis $\ket{\widetilde{000}}$,
$\ket{\widetilde{111}}$, $\ket{\widetilde{W}}$,
$\ket{\widetilde{W'}}$,
$\ket{\widetilde{\psi_1}}$, $\ket{\widetilde{\psi_1'}}$, $\ket{\widetilde{\psi_2}}$ and $\ket{\widetilde{\psi_2'}}$\\

\begin{eqnarray}
\nonumber A_j(\omega_1)=&-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\bigg[\big(\cos{\beta}+i\sqrt{2}\sin{\beta}\big)\big(\sqrt{2}\ket{\widetilde{W}}\bra{\widetilde{000}}+\\
\nonumber &+\sqrt{3}\ket{\widetilde{\psi_1}}\bra{\widetilde{000}}+\ket{\widetilde{\psi_2}}\bra{\widetilde{000}}\big)
+\big(\cos{\beta}-i\sqrt{2}\sin{\beta}\big)\times\\
\nonumber &\times\big(\sqrt{2}\ket{\widetilde{W'}}\bra{\widetilde{111}}+\sqrt{3}\ket{\widetilde{\psi_1'}}\bra{\widetilde{111}}
+\ket{\widetilde{\psi_2'}}\bra{\widetilde{111}}\big)
\bigg]\;\;\;j=1,2\\
\nonumber A_3(\omega_1)=&-\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}}\bigg[\big(\cos{\beta}+i\sqrt{2}\sin{\beta}\big)\big(\ket{\widetilde{W}}\bra{\widetilde{000}}+\\
\nonumber &-\sqrt{2}\ket{\widetilde{\psi_2}}\bra{\widetilde{000}}\big)+\big(\cos{\beta}-i\sqrt{2}\sin{\beta}\big)\big(\ket{\widetilde{W'}}\bra{\widetilde{111}}+\\
&-\sqrt{2}\ket{\widetilde{\psi_2'}}\bra{\widetilde{111}}\big)\bigg]\\
\nonumber A_j(\omega_2)=&-\frac{\cos{\beta}}{3\sqrt{2}}\bigg[3\ket{\widetilde{000}}\bra{\widetilde{000}}-3\ket{\widetilde{111}}\bra{\widetilde{111}}+
\ket{\widetilde{W}}\bra{\widetilde{W}}+\\&-\ket{\widetilde{W'}}\bra{\widetilde{W'}}+2\ket{\widetilde{\psi_2}}\bra{\widetilde{\psi_2}}-
\nonumber 2\ket{\widetilde{\psi_2'}}\bra{\widetilde{\psi_2'}}\bigg]\;\;\;j=1,2\\
\nonumber A_3(\omega_2)=&-\frac{\cos{\beta}}{3\sqrt{2}}\bigg[3\ket{\widetilde{000}}\bra{\widetilde{000}}-3\ket{\widetilde{111}}\bra{\widetilde{111}}+\\
\nonumber &+\ket{\widetilde{W}}\bra{\widetilde{W}}-\ket{\widetilde{W'}}\bra{\widetilde{W'}}+3\ket{\widetilde{\psi_1}}\bra{\widetilde{\psi_1}}+\\
\nonumber &-3\ket{\widetilde{\psi_1'}}\bra{\widetilde{\psi_1'}}+2\ket{\widetilde{\psi_2}}\bra{\widetilde{\psi_2}}-2\ket{\widetilde{\psi_2'}}
\bra{\widetilde{\psi_2'}}\bigg].
\end{eqnarray}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Maria's Space: Cast Smash, Surgery Smergery, This Girl Still Rocks!
Cast Smash, Surgery Smergery, This Girl Still Rocks!
Goddess had surgery and she is still dancing, acting, singing, and spinning! Kids are amazing. I would be in pain I am sure but this kid just keeps going. No pain killers ever!
FYI this photo is completely acted out. She wanted big sad, watery eyes.
Flowers courtesy of Clary who stopped by to give them to her along with a fruit platter, and snacks for the house. This is the way to this little girls heart.
FYI 2, these flowers still look amazing.
Action shot with my iPhone 4. It is time for a new phone.


Fridtjof Nansen (10 Octobris 1861—13 Maii 1930) fuit Norvegius explorator, scientista, scriptor, legatus, humanitarianus pro refugio, et ob pacem inter civitates per Confoederationem Nationum compositam laureatus Nobelianus. Iuvenis victor nartator et glacialis, manum duxit quae primum regionum mediterraneorum Groenlandiae transitum anno 1888 fecit, laudemque internationalem accepit postquam tabulatam latitudinem septentrionalem 86°14′ per expeditionem ad Polum Septentrionalem annorum 1893–1896 attigerat. Quamquam se Norvegiam reditus ab exploratione removit, sui modi itinerum polarum faciendorum suaque inventa armorum et vestitus aetatem exploratorum Arcticorum et Antarcticorum moverunt.
Paa ski over Grønland. En skildring af Den norske Grønlands-ekspedition 1888–89. Aschehoug, Kristiania 1890. Conv. The First Crossing of Greenland, 1892.
Eskimoliv. Aschehoug, Kristiania 1891. Conv. Eskimo Life, 1893.
Fram over Polhavet: Den norske polarfærd 1893–1896. Aschehoug, Kristiania 1897. Conv. Farthest North, 1897.
Norge og foreningen med Sverige. Jacob Dybwads Forlag, Kristiania 1905. Conv. Norway and the Union With Sweden, 1905.
Nord i tåkeheimen: Utforskningen av jordens nordlige strøk i tidlige tider. Jacob Dybwads Forlag, Kristiania 1911. Conv. In Northern Mists: Arctic Exploration in Early Times, 1911.
Gjennem Sibirien. Jacob Dybwads forlag, Kristiania, 1914. Conv. Through Siberia the Land of the Future, 1914.
Blant sel og bjørn: Min første Ishavs-ferd. Jacob Dybwads Forlag, Kristiania, 1924.
Gjennem Kaukasus til Volga. Jacob Dybwads Forlag, Oslo, 1929. Conv. Through The Caucasus To The Volga, 1931.
↑ Lutz D. Schmadel, Dictionary of minor planet names, vol. 1 (Springer, 2003). p. 78.
↑ "World Register of Marine Species" .
Brøgger, Waldemar Christofer, et Nordahl Rolfsen. 1896. Fridtiof Nansen 1861–1893. Conv. William Archer. Novi Eboraci: Longmans Green & Co.
Huntford, Roland. 1997, 2001. Nansen. Londinii: Abacus. ISBN 0-349-11492-7.
Jackson, Frederick. 1935. The Lure of Unknown Lands. Londinii: G. Bell and Sons.
Nansen, Fridtjof. 1928. Armenia and the Near East. Novi Eboraci: J. C. & A. L. Fawcett, Inc.
Nansen, Fridtjof. 1890. The First Crossing of Greenland. Conv. H. M. Gepp. Londinii: Longmans, Green. ISBN 978-1-108-03109-7. Google.
Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Fridtjof Nansen spectant.
Novissima mutatio die 2 Augusti 2016 hora 18:40 facta.