Posted on September 11, 2017 at 6:00 am.
TOMORROW is iPad roll-out day! All 6th graders will be receiving their WMS iPads on TUESDAY in the library. Just remember that these devices are NOT toys. You'll be needing them for all of your academic classes this year — and it's YOUR responsibility to keep them charged and in working order. Rules and Guidelines are now posted on the WMS website. And you'll get plenty of additional information throughout the day. Enjoy your iPads!
The "Wolf Pack" is gearing up for Fall sports! Tryouts for the defending County Champion Girls soccer team are all this week. The 6th graders get it started after school TODAY; then 7th graders on TUESDAY; and 8th graders on THURSDAY. Go for the goal, soccer wolves!
Boys Ultimate Frisbee also gets going TODAY, after school in the gym. Boys from all grade levels are invited to join — no experience necessary — just come ready to play!
And finally– the U.S. Open just wrapped up, but the WMS Tennis season is just getting started! Tryouts begin on TUESDAY for 7th and 8th graders, then continue on THURSDAY for 6th graders. You'll be playing at the Yorktown tennis courts, so meet at the bus loop after school for the ride over. Stay tuned for rain dates, if necessary. Don't forget your racket!
Interested athletes for any of these sports should sign up on the activity board by the cafeteria, or see the team coach with any questions — Mr. Girard for girls soccer, Mr. Smolinski for Ultimate Frisbee, and Mr. Seeger for tennis.
And be sure to turn-in your completed physicals to Ms. Hogwood in order to participate.
Hey, 6th graders! Have we got a high-tech opportunity for you?! The WOLFBOTS LEGO ROBOTICS TEAM is now recruiting 6th graders for the new season. Put your engineering and computing skills to the test! LEGO robotics experience is PREFERRED, but not necessary. Just see Mr. Dudek — or as the WOLFBOTS call him: Coach Dude — in room 129 for more information.
Lastly, there will be a special program about "9/11" presented to all students during WOLF TIME today. We ask that everyone treat the discussion with the respect that it deserves. It's important that we never forget the past.
In the spirit of community, there will be an additional "Moment of Silence" at 9:36 this morning — to commemorate the victims of 9/11. Principal Boykin will make a PA announcement at that time.


Brian, Sunniva and Richard joined the BSBI's New Year Plant Hunt on 2017-01-03.
10-15 plants in various stages of flowering and growth. Only in one small area by the roadside and almost bypassed!
Irishtown around Sean Moore Park is part nature reserve and part building site. As it is close to the docks many surprising plants can occur here.


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Q: Redirect visitor to their language based on Cloudflare GEO TARGET I'm reading out through a lot of tutorials and different websites, although I'm not a programmer, I tried my best, as I'm sure it can be done, but I'm on a dead end.
I'm trying to use the HTTP header that Cloudflare sends ["HTTP_CF_IPCOUNTRY"]); to redirect the user to its country. I need to be able to send multiple locations to same country (Mexico, Spain, Colombia.... to mysite.com/es/) and i need to be able to create multiple rules (so send Spanish speakers to mysite.com/es and German speakers to mysite.com/de/ and if not set, then redirect to main site mysite.com). It should be just necessary to create a redirection from the home page (mysite.com).
Would anyone help me doing so on the functions.php file or any other method? I tried looking for a plugin as well… I'm really surprised no one, not even Cloudflare put this on a plugin.
Thanks a lot.

A: It is not default functionality within your Cloudflare account, but it can be accomplished with some tinkering on your server. This discussion has details that might be helpful to review.
Also, this is something that should be pretty easy to accomplish with a Cloudflare Worker, but you would need some programming chops to try that.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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What is Science Education
As such they must recognize an accrediting body for students to utilize federal assist and assistance at colleges accredited by that agency. The Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA), a nongovernmental organization, additionally serves as a regulatory body for accreditation businesses and accredited colleges. These organizations goal to maintain excessive academic standards across all larger studying establishments within the nation. CHEA, particularly, aims to supply the general public with data on accreditation, and advocacy in larger schooling.
During the identical period during which students started to learn more complex arithmetic, leaders in science and math schooling launched complementary pushes to show students to think more like actual scientists and mathematicians. These efforts included the "New Math" of the Sixties and related plans that decade to show science as an "enquiry into enquiry," as one leading expert of the time put it. Later manifestations of the impulse away from rote instruction embrace curricular standards created by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics in the Eighties and the keenness for "inquiry-based mostly" science in the Nineties. Middle stage trainer candidates perceive and use the central ideas, standards, research, and constructions of content to plan and implement curriculum that develops all younger adolescents' competence in subject matter. They use their knowledge and obtainable resources to design, implement, and consider difficult, developmentally responsive curriculum that leads to meaningful learning outcomes.
Much of the data was overseas and appeared simply in translation–however a formidable array of indigeneous scientific results paved the best way to a bigger educated middle class then in the making. Most of the 1,250 institutions that put together science academics start with the assumption that an undergraduate major in one of many sciences is a must. Many trainer education programs merely require science courses (usually about one-half of a level program) and enhance the variety of methods courses and related practica (experiences in schools) previous to student educating. Many establishments moved to a five-yr program and/or the completion of a master's degree earlier than licensure.
Both the Department of Education and CHEA have databases of accredited colleges that students may search. MSU, positioned in Bozeman, MT, offers an internet master of science in science training to educators looking to advance of their careers. MSU is Montana's largest university and boasts a nationwide popularity for offering wonderful academic opportunities. The Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities grants accreditation to MSU, in addition to CAEP for the school's instructional diploma applications. Students full 36 credit to graduate, including 12 credit in a particular focus like chemistry, physical science/physics, biology, or math.
The Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture
The Hungarian Academy in addition to the University of Budapest (at present Eötvös Loránd University) performed a number one role in the "žnationalization" of European science within the academic system. Scientific developments in Hungary strengthened the place of rational and secular pondering in a extremely non secular society and contributed to the erosion of the psychological power of the church custom, notably that of the Roman Catholic Church. Toward World War I, influenced by the Protestant Churches, the Jewish tradition, and agnosticism, the general public picture of science turned extra international, often ready to think about challenges of the accepted world view, and typically less dogmatic. Emigration, largely Jewish, after World War I, contributed to the curtailment of efforts to show science effectively as some of the finest individuals left Hungary for, principally, Germany, Britain, and the United States. However, the interwar college system, the Hungarian model of the German Gymnasium, continued to disseminate scientific thought in Hungarian education.
Other coursework includes natural science curriculum and curriculum growth in multicultural education, every designed to build a stable basis for science/math schooling. Students in NC State's master of arts in instructing science – secondary education (MAT) earn a teaching license and full a grasp's degree in an accelerated format. This MAT program focuses on 9–12 grade science training and isn't preparation for research–primarily based doctorate instructional packages. Teaching in this style may be thrilling, but it will take sustained dedication for these techniques to ripple through the one hundred,000 or so public faculties in the United States. Just because the core concepts in math and science require repeated encounters over a few years to be absolutely absorbed, a brand new practice of math and science instructing will need time to turn out to be established.
The U.S. scientific research and education communities have lengthy pursued the aim of advancing the American publics' understanding of science. For over a technology, the vast majority of the rhetoric, sources, and research on this problem have revolved across the perceived failure of U.S. faculty-aged kids to excel at mathematics and science, notably compared with youngsters in different countries. Most policy solutions for this drawback involve bettering the practices of schoolteachers, particularly during the pre-faculty years, though there's rising discussion about the importance of science education in both early childhood and submit-secondary years. This "faculty-first paradigm" is so pervasive that few scientists, educators or policymakers question it, even in the absence of great evidence to support it. The Department of Education (ED) oversees all financial assistance for education schemes.
PreconceptionsPrior ideas about how things work are remarkably tenacious and an educator must explicitly tackle a students' particular misconceptions if the scholar is to reconfigure his false impression in favour of another explanation. They must be taught methods of evaluating their knowledge and what they do not know, evaluating their strategies of thinking, and evaluating their conclusions. One analysis examine inspecting how cellphones are being used in post-secondary science instructing settings confirmed that cell applied sciences can increase scholar engagement and motivation within the science classroom. Constructivism in science training has been knowledgeable by an intensive analysis programme into scholar thinking and studying in science, and in particular exploring how lecturers can facilitate conceptual change in direction of canonical scientific pondering. Constructivism emphasises the lively role of the learner, and the significance of present knowledge and understanding in mediating learning, and the importance of educating that gives an optimal degree of guidance to learners.
This continued into the twenty-first century, with many applications that present methods to satisfy the visions of the National Science Education Standards supported by the National Science Foundation. Unfortunately not many of these concepts are in typical textbooks provided by the major publishers, who, understandably, are extra excited about gross sales and offering what teachers, faculties, and fogeys need. These textbooks are sometimes fairly completely different from what reform leaders and cognitive science researchers envision for a super science curriculum.
Reformers in most industrial nations across the world advocate comparable college reforms of science with new objectives, procedures, supplies, and evaluation. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has initiated a reform effort for the twenty-first century that is focused for growing nations and relates science to expertise. Many instructional academics across the world call brazenly for a science curriculum that's responsive to private needs, societal problems, and attentive to technological as well as scientific literacy. New attention to assessment and analysis has arisen from the Third International Mathematics and Science Study. During the Sixties and 1970s several national curriculum tasks have been funded, developed, and offered throughout the K–12 years.
educationscience
Health Science Education Division
TED Education and Science Magazine – TED

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We are an activist brand that is accelerating the journey towards environmental sustainability.
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Welcome to BeTheBowTieGuy.com, a website dedicated to bow tie wearers and guys who stand out from the crowd. This page will help you get the most out of this website!
Hey there, Shane here, the founder of this website.
I wanted to make a page that listed everything you could get out of this website in one convenient location.
If you want to learn more about me, click here, if not, no worries (I'm not that interesting anyway).
Below are 5 easy to-follow steps that'll get you plugged in lickety-split.
Scroll onward to see what we got going on here!
In case you want to put a face to a name... I'm Shane!
Step 1: Follow Us On Instagram to make sure you get all our latest posts!
First step... follow us on Instagram.
We post lots of crazy funny stuff on our Instagram cause who doesn't like a good laugh am I right?
Follow us to see what we're doing!
Step 2: Join the bow tie club for awesome discounts, giveaways, and more!
Second step... join the bow tie club.
A club for guys who like bow ties... what could be better?
First entry into all giveaways. We try to do these monthly and our email subscribers get notifications when they occur. Who doesn't love free stuff?
Chance to be featured in future bow tie style guides. We love to feature guys who look great in bow ties and help others build out their bow tie collection.
Early access to our newest guides straight to your inbox. We publish new content regularly, if you want to know what we think about various things (bow ties, wallets, other men things) then join up!
Do you rock a bow tie with a suit a lot?
...then I recommend clicking here to check out our bow ties with suits guide, then head on over to our bow tie outfit inspiration guide located here.
In that guide, I put together over 40+ outfits that look great with bow ties (a must read). I'm always adding more there, so be sure to check it out.
Curious about non-bow tie related things?
Which is why we review lots of products men need in their life.
From wallets to suspenders to deodorant, what should a stand out man be buying?
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Click here to navigate there!
In fact... we have an entire section of this website (The Bow Tie Shop) dedicated to helping you find a high-quality bow ties at a decent price.
Individual Bow Ties: We have a deep 130+ style selection of high-quality affordable bow ties. From seersucker to paisley, we've got your bow tie needs covered.
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If you wear a pre-tied bow ties, this is NOT the place for you. We proudly sell ONLY self-tie bow ties.
We have the hands down the best "How To Tie A Bow Tie" videos on the internet. You know that hole you make in the back when you're tying a bow tie, yeah, we cover how to get that right every time.
If you made it this far give yourself a well deserved pat on the back.
Clearly you give a crap about what I'm doing here, which is awesome.
We're not some big media company with a huge marketing budget and endless resources to create a cool website and convince you that we're amazing.
I'm just a normal guy that happens to like bow ties and providing my thoughts on men's goods.
We've got some high-quality bow ties on sale if you want to check those out and some guides you might find useful.
Anyway, that's all I got.
If you want to learn more about me I've got a page here, otherwise, I'll catch you later!


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Privacy Policy for dream archive
At dream archive, accessible from https://dream-archive.com/, one of our main priorities is the privacy of our visitors. This Privacy Policy document contains types of information that is collected and recorded by the dream archive and how we use it.
This Privacy Policy applies only to our online activities and is valid for visitors to our website with regards to the information that they shared and/or collect in the dream archive. This policy is not applicable to any information collected offline or via channels other than this website.
We use the information we collect in various ways, including:
Like any other website, dream archive uses 'cookies'. These cookies are used to store information including visitors' preferences, and the pages on the website that the visitor accessed or visited. The information is used to optimize the users' experience by customizing our web page content based on visitors' browser type and/or other information.
Google is one of the third-party vendors on our site. It also uses cookies, known as DART cookies, to serve ads to our site visitors based upon their visit to www.website.com and other sites on the internet. However, visitors may choose to decline the use of DART cookies by visiting the Google ad and content network Privacy Policy at the following URL – https://policies.google.com/technologies/ads
Some of the advertisers on our site may use cookies and web beacons. Our advertising partners are listed below. Each of our advertising partners has its own Privacy Policy for its policies on user data. For easier access, we hyperlinked to their Privacy Policies below.
You may consult this list to find the Privacy Policy for each of the advertising partners of dream archive.
Third-party ad servers or ad networks uses technologies like cookies, JavaScript, or Web Beacons that are used in their respective advertisements and links that appear on dream archive, which are sent directly to users' browser. They automatically receive your IP address when this occurs. These technologies are used to measure the effectiveness of their advertising campaigns and/or to personalize the advertising content that you see on websites that you visit.
Note that dream archive has no access to or control over these cookies that are used by third-party advertisers.
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dream archive's Privacy Policy does not apply to other advertisers or websites. Thus, we are advising you to consult the respective Privacy Policies of these third-party ad servers for more detailed information. It may include their practices and instructions about how to opt out of certain options.
You can choose to disable cookies through your individual browser options. To know more detailed information about cookie management with specific web browsers, it can be found on the browsers' respective websites.


text:
'use strict';

const LocalStrategy = require('passport-local').Strategy;
const User = require('../../../models/user');

module.exports = new LocalStrategy({usernameField: 'login'}, async (login, password, next) => {
    try {
        let userData = login.includes('@') ? {email: login} : {username: login};
        userData.password = password;

        const user = await User.getUserOnCorrectPassword(userData);
        next(null, user);
    } catch (err) {
        next(err);
    }
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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As a result insurance premiums for new drivers can be very high.
Call 0800 955 3000 today to arrange your 'Pass Plus' lessons.


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Thomas Powys, 2nd Baron Lilford
The Lord Lilford
Thomas Powys 2nd Baron Lilford (portrait by Henry William Pickersgill)
Lilford Hall
4 July 1825 (1825-07-05) (aged 50)
2nd Baron Lilford
Thomas Powys, 2nd Baron Lilford (8 April 1775 – 4 July 1825) was a British peer. He was the son of Thomas Powys, 1st Baron Lilford and Mary Mann of Lilford Hall. He succeeded his father as Baron Lilford in 1800. He was educated at Eton College, St John's College, Cambridge and Lincoln's Inn (1794). He married Henrietta Maria Vernon Atherton of Atherton Hall, Leigh on 5 December 1797 at Penwortham, Lancashire and they had twelve children. [1]
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country located off the northwestern coast of the European mainland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state, the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east, the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland. The United Kingdom's 242,500 square kilometres (93,600 sq mi) were home to an estimated 66.0 million inhabitants in 2017.
Thomas Powys, 1st Baron Lilford was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1774 to 1797 when he was raised to the peerage as Baron Lilford.
Lilford Hall is a Grade I listed stately home in Northamptonshire in the United Kingdom. It was started in 1495 as a Tudor building, with a major Jacobean exterior extension added in 1635 and a Georgian interior adopted in the 1740s, having a 55,000 sq ft (5,100 m2) floor area. The 100-room house is located in the eastern part of the County of Northamptonshire, south of Oundle and north of Thrapston. A Grade I listed building is considered by the UK government as of outstanding architectural and historic interest.
Thomas Atherton Powys
Robert Vernon Powys
Horatio Powys
Atherton Legh Powys
Henry Littleton Powys
Charles Powys
Henrietta Maria Powys
Eleanor Powys
Mary Powys
Elizabeth Atherton Powys
Frances Hester Powys
Jane Lucy Powys
Henrietta Maria Atherton (née Legh) inherited Bank Hall which had come to her mother from a first cousin, George Anthony Legh Keck and the Atherton Hall via her father Robert Vernon Atherton Gwillym. He was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Northamptonshire on 9 May 1803. [2] Thomas died at Grosvenor Place on 4 July 1825 and was buried on 15 July 1835, at Achurch, Northamptonshire. [1] His fifth Son Henry Littleton Powys inherited Stoughton Grange, Leicestershire. [3]
Bank Hall is a Jacobean mansion in Bretherton, Lancashire, England. It is a Grade II* listed building and is at the centre of a private estate, surrounded by parkland. The hall was built on the site of an older house in 1608 by the Banastres who were lords of the manor. The hall was extended during the 18th and 19th centuries. Extensions were built for George Anthony Legh Keck in 1832–1833, to the design of the architect George Webster.
Colonel George Anthony Legh-Keck (1774–1860) was a British MP in the Georgian era who owned landed estates in Leicestershire and Lancashire.
Atherton Hall was a country house and estate in Atherton historically a part of Lancashire, England. The hall was built between 1723 and 1742 and demolished in 1824. In 1894 this part of Atherton was incorporated into Leigh. Christopher Saxton's map shows there was a medieval deer park here in the time of Elizabeth I.
Peerage of Great Britain
Thomas Powys Baron Lilford
Thomas Littleton Powys, 4th Baron Lilford, was a British aristocrat and ornithologist.
Baron Lilford, of Lilford in the County of Northampton, is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1797 for Thomas Powys, who had previously represented Northamptonshire in the House of Commons. His grandson, the third Baron, served as a Lord-in-waiting from 1837 to 1841 in the Whig administration of Lord Melbourne. He was succeeded by his son, the fourth Baron, an ornithologist. On the death of his younger son, the sixth Baron, in 1949, the line of the eldest son of the second Baron failed. The late Baron was succeeded by his second cousin twice removed, the seventh Baron. He was the great-great-grandson of the Hon. Robert Vernon Powys, second son of the second Baron. As of 2010, the title is held by his only son, the eighth Baron, who succeeded in 2005. The family seat from 1711 until the 1990s was Lilford Hall in Northamptonshire.
Waldegrave is the name of an English family, said to derive from Walgrave in Northamptonshire, but who long held the manor of Smallbridge in Bures St. Mary, Suffolk.
Thomas Atherton Powys, 3rd Baron Lilford, was a British peer and Whig politician.
Horatio Powys (1805–1877) was a priest in the Church of England and Bishop of Sodor and Man.
George Harry Booth-Grey, 6th Earl of Stamford and 2nd Earl of Warrington, styled Lord Grey from 1768 to 1819, was a British peer and parliamentarian.
Sir Thomas Powys, of Henley, near Ludlow, Shropshire and Lilford cum Wigsthorpe, Northamptonshire, was an English lawyer, judge and Tory politician, who sat in the English and British House of Commons between 1701 and 1713. He was Attorney General to King James II and was chief prosecutor at the trial of the Seven Bishops in June 1688. He served as Justice of the King's Bench from 1713 to 1714, but was dismissed.
George Vernon Powys, 7th Baron Lilford, was the son of Robert Horace Powys and Vera Grace Bryant. Born in 1931, he inherited the title of Baron Lilford in 1949 following the death of Stephen Powys, 6th Baron Lilford, until his death on 3 January 2005 at Paarl, South Africa.
John Powys, 5th Baron Lilford was a British peer and cricketer
Stephen Powys, 6th Baron Lilford, was a British peer.
Henley Hall is a building of historical significance and is listed on the English Heritage Register. It was built in about 1610 by the Powys family and then substantially changed in 1772. Additions were again made in the late 19th Century. It is a generally a three-storey building in brick with a slate roof. Flanking wings were added at both ends of the original linear building c. 1772 and further major extensions carried out in 1875 and 1907. The hall is surrounded by landscaped and formal gardens covering some 60 hectares. The hall itself is listed grade II* and the orangery, outbuildings, dovecote and Bitterley main gate are listed Grade II. It is situated 2.5 miles (4.0 km) northeast of Ludlow town centre, just off the A4117 road to Cleobury Mortimer. The Ledwyche Brook flows by the estate.
Stoughton Grange was a country house in the parish of Stoughton in Leicestershire and the family seat of the Farnham and Beaumont family. The house dated back to 15th century but was demolished in 1926, after being a successful family home for over five hundred years.
Robert Vernon Atherton Gwillym (c.1741–1783) was a British country landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1774 to 1780.
Bewsey Old Hall is a brick built, three storey, mainly Jacobean building, incorporating or reusing elements of a former medieval hall situated on the edge of Sankey Valley Park in Warrington, Cheshire. Bewsey Old Hall and estate was home to the Lords of Warrington from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century.
1 2 Tim Powys-Lyb (2011) "Thomas Powys Lord Lilford", http://www.tim.ukpub.net/pl_tree/ps01/ps01_143.html
↑ "No. 15666". The London Gazette . 14 January 1804. p. 63.
↑ Person Page 5977


cj-bio copyCreated with Sketch. Group 2Created with Sketch. logo-smallCreated with Sketch. Oval Copy 8Created with Sketch. OvalCreated with Sketch. TriangleCreated with Sketch. check boxCreated with Sketch. /Created with Sketch. / Scroll UpCreated with Sketch.
cj Advertising's story begins with a pink slip.
In 1994, Arnie Malham was fired from his job at Nashville's CBS Affiliate. His work on the side—a small ad agency run out of his home—got noticed by his bosses, who felt it represented a conflict of interest with his work at the station. It was go time, and fortunately, the trust placed in him by his first clients—J. Marshall Hughes, Bob Crumley, and Bill Berg—set the foundation for the next 20 years.
Though the company was successful and growing during its early days, cj was missing an important element that was holding it back from sustaining and remarkable success—cj was missing a sustaining and remarkable culture.
Rather than by design, Arnie and Jimmy realized that cj had developed a culture by default, and that had to change. It was not instant or easy, but over time, Camel Culture at cj was born. It has since evolved into the uniquely different work environment that attracts and retains the most talented media, creative, and client service specialists in Nashville.
Arnie and Jimmy's dedication to culture and their clients has proven to be a winning and sustaining formula. cj Advertising grew to be the largest full-service advertising agency exclusively serving personal injury brands in the country. The agency now serves 29 clients in 40 markets across the U.S. and Canada. cj has been recognized as one of the "Best Places to Work in Nashville," and we received the Nashville Business Journal's Best in Business Award in 2012.
2016 Arnie's book, Worth Doing Wrong, is released!
2017 LIP is acquired by the Communications Solutions Group at Stericycle Inc.
2018 cj Interactive rebrands as cj Integrated Digital (cjID), paving the way for a host of new digital marketing products and offerings.


After the wedding preparations are over and the wedding ceremony has taken place, it is the very special moment when you and your loved one realize there is just one thing missing; absolute relaxation! It is now time for you to celebrate the beginning of your shared life together in a place where dreams come alive. It is time to schedule your honeymoon and experience endless moments of lavishness, comfort and style in Mykonos! This Cycladic Island is without a doubt one of the top world renowned wedding and honeymoon destination, with its genuine nature even surpassing your expectations!
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KC entertainment: Shakespeare, Pridefest, Designer Showhouse
At last, crowds can return to Southmoreland Park for the Heart of America Shakespeare Festival. This year, it's "Romeo and Juliet" beginning June 14.
File photo by Jill Toyoshiba
jtoyoshiba@kcstar.com
The Heart of America Shakespeare Festival will celebrate its 30th anniversary season by presenting Shakespeare's timeless love story "Romeo and Juliet" at Southmoreland Park.
Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, this will be the first full production to be presented since 2019.
The play will begin at 8 p.m. June 14-July 3 except Mondays and is free on a first-come, first-served basis. Reserved seating is available for $25-$35. More information at kcshakes.org.
This year's Symphony Designers' Showhouse benefiting the Kansas City Symphony is at 1025 W. 53rd Terrace and will be open June 10-July 3. Kansas City Symphony Alliance
▪ The Symphony Designers' Showhouse, a benefit for the Kansas City Symphony, will be held at 1025 W. 53rd Terrace, June 10-July 3 (10 a.m.-5 p.m. Tuesday-Wednesday and Friday-Saturday, 10 a.m.-8 p.m. Thursday, 11 a.m.-5 p.m. Sunday; $20-$25). showhouse.org.
▪ Kansas City Pridefest will take place at Theis Park, 5-10 p.m. June 10, noon-10 p.m. June 11, 11 a.m.-5 p.m. June 12 ($5; under 12 free); parade at 11 a.m. June 11. kcpridealliance.org.
▪ The Shops of Prairie Village will play host to the 65th Prairie Village Art Show, 5-8 p.m. June 10, 10 a.m.-8 p.m. June 11, 11 a.m.-4 p.m. June 12. pvartshow.com.
▪ Artist Shinique Smith will celebrate Juneteenth in conjunction with her "Stargazers" at Nerman Museum of Contemporary Art (runs through July 31); artist talk, 6 p.m. June 10 at Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art; performance, 11 a.m. June 11 at Atkins Auditorium, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (free; tickets required). kemperart.org and nelson-atkins.org.
▪ Theatre for Young America will present "Cinderella" at City Stage, 10 a.m. June 14; runs through July 2 ($12). tya.org.
The annual Dragon Boat Festival & Races will take place June 11 on Brush Creek at the Country Club Plaza and is free to the public. Fred Blocher The Kansas City Star
Three for free
▪ The Elders with The Cowardly Lions, 7 p.m. June 9, Town Center Plaza. towncenterplaza.com.
▪ Dragon Boat Festival & Races, 9:45 a.m. June 11, Brush Creek on Country Club Plaza. kcparks.org.
▪ Future Stages Festival, 11 a.m. June 12, Kauffman Center. kauffmancenter.org.
Indie folk band Bon Iver will play June 15 at the Starlight Theatre. Graham Tolbert
▪ Snarky Puppy, 7:30 p.m. June 9, Kauffman Center ($37.50-$87.50). kauffmancenter.org.
▪ The Kansas City Symphony will present "Windborne's The Music of the Rolling Stones: Mick Jagger & Keith Richards 1969," 8 p.m. June 9-10 at the Kauffman Center ($35-$130), and Symphony in the Flint Hills in Chase County, Kansas, June 11 ($50-$95; gates open 1 p.m., concert at sunset). kcsymphony.org and symphonyintheflinthills.org.
▪ Wallows, 8 p.m. June 9, Arvest Bank Theatre at the Midland ($32.50-$52). arvestbanktheatre.com.
▪ Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, 7 p.m. June 10, Uptown ($35-$99). uptowntheater.com.
▪ Landlocked Opera, "Tartuffe," 7:30 p.m. June 10, 2:30 p.m. June 12, Atonement Lutheran Church ($5-$20). landlockedopera.org.
▪ Billy Bob Thornton and The Boxmasters and Los Lobos with McKinley James, 8 p.m. June 10, Knuckleheads ($55). knuckleheadskc.com.
▪ Te Deum, "Divine," 7:30 p.m. June 11, St. Mary's Episcopal Church, and 3 p.m. June 12, Village Presbyterian Church ($20-$25). te-deum.org.
▪ Andy Grammar, 8 p.m. June 11, The Truman ($30-$60). thetrumankc.com.
▪ Heartland Men's Chorus, "Unbreakable," 8 p.m. June 11, 4 p.m. June 12, Folly ($20-$70). hmckc.org.
▪ Tech N9ne with Joey Cool, X-Raided and ¡Mayday!, 8 p.m. June 11, Arvest Bank Theatre at the Midland ($35-$45). arvestbanktheatre.com.
▪ Kinnor Philharmonic Orchestra, "L'dor V'dor Kinnor," 3 p.m. June 12, Lewis and Shirley White Theatre ($14-$37). thejkc.org.
▪ Rex Orange County, 8:30 p.m. June 13, Starlight ($39.50-$89.50). kcstarlight.com.
▪ REO Speedwagon and Styx with Loverboy, 6:45 p.m. June 14, Starlight ($44.50-$144.50). kcstarlight.com.
▪ Chris Tomlin with Hillsong United, 7 p.m. June 14, T-Mobile Center ($20-$129.75). t-mobilecenter.com.
▪ Béla Fleck, 7:30 p.m. June 14, Kauffman Center ($40.50-$100.50). kauffmancenter.org.
▪ Bon Iver, 7:15 p.m. June 15, Starlight ($30.50-$100.50). kcstarlight.com.
Related stories from Kansas City Star
Dan Kelly has been covering entertainment and arts news at The Star for 10 years. He previously worked at the Columbia Daily Tribune, The Miami Herald and The Louisville Courier-Journal. He also was on the University of Missouri School of Journalism faculty for six years, and he has written a historical novel, "Soaring with Vultures."
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text:
Clarke's Commentary
Church Pulpit Commentary
Box on Selected Books
Ironside's Notes
Restoration Commentary
Zerr's N.T. Commentary
illicit alliances, 10-17.
See Nehemiah 10:30; Nehemiah 13:27-30, &c.
NOTES ON CHAP. II
Verse Malachi 2:2. If ye will not hear — What I have spoken, lay it to heart, and let it sink down into your souls.
Give glory unto my name — That honour that is due to me as a Father, and that fear that belongs to me as a Master, Malachi 1:6.
I will even send a curse upon you — I will dispense no more good.
I will curse your blessings — Even that which ye have already shall not profit you. When temporal blessings are not the means of leading us to God and heaven, they will infallibly lead us to hell. In speaking of the abuse of temporal blessings, one of our old poets, in his homely phrase, expresses himself thus, -
Thus God's best gifts, usurped by wicked ones,
To poison turn by their con-ta-gi-ons.
Yea, I have cursed them already — This may refer, generally, to unfruitful seasons; or, particularly, to a dearth that appears to have happened about this time. See Haggai 1:6-11.
Verse Malachi 2:3. Behold, I will corrupt your seed — So as to render it unfruitful. Newcome translates, - "I will take away from you the shoulder." This was the part that belonged to the priest, Leviticus 7:32; Deuteronomy 18:3.
Spread dung upon your faces — Instead of receiving a sacrifice at your hands, I will throw your offerings back into your faces. Here God shows his contempt for them and their offerings.
Verse Malachi 2:4. This commandment — That in the first verse; to drive such priests from his presence and his service.
That my covenant might be with Levi — I gave the priesthood and the service of my altar to that tribe.
Verse Malachi 2:5. My covenant was with him of life and peace — These are the two grand blessings given to men by the NEW Covenant, which was shadowed by the OLD. To man, excluded from the favour of God, and sentenced to death because of sin, God gave ברית berith, a covenant sacrifice, and this secured life-exemption from the death deserved by transgressors; communication of that inward spiritual life given by Christ, and issuing in that eternal life promised to all his faithful disciples. And, as it secured life, so it gave peace, prosperity, and happiness; peace between God and man, between man and man, and between man and his own conscience.
Verse Malachi 2:6. The law of truth was in his mouth — See the qualifications of Levi:
1. "He feared me;" he was my sincere worshipper.
2. "He was afraid;" he acted as in the presence of a just and holy God, and acted conscientiously in all that he did.
3. "My law of truth was ever in his mouth; " by this he directed his own conduct and that of others.
4. "No iniquity; " nothing contrary to justice and equity ever proceeded "from his lips."
5. "He walked with me in peace;" he lived in such a way as to keep up union with me.
6. "He did turn many away from iniquity;" by his upright administration, faithful exhortations, and pious walk, he became the instrument of converting many sinners.
This character suits every genuine minister of God. And as the priest's lips should preserve knowledge, so the people should seek "the law at his mouth;" for he is the messenger of the Lord of hosts, Malachi 2:7.
Verse Malachi 2:8. But ye are departed out of the way — Ye are become impure yourselves, and ye have led others into iniquity.
Verse Malachi 2:9. Therefore have I also made you contemptible — The people despised you because they saw that you acted contrary to your functions. This has happened repeatedly since, to several classes of priests. Not maintaining, by purity of life and soundness of doctrine, the dignity of the ministerial function, they became contemptible before the people; their meager preaching was disregarded, and their persons at last cast out as a general loathing to the universe! See what happened to the truly abominable priesthood of France and Rome 1796-8. They were the sole cause of that infidelity that brought about the revolution. They are now partially restored; and are endeavouring to supply by grimace, paltry superstition, and jesuitical cunning, what they want in purity of morals, soundness of doctrine, and unction from God. They must mend, or look for another revolution. Mankind will no longer put up with the chaff of puerile and fanatical ceremonies in place of the wheat of God's word and worship.
Verse Malachi 2:10. Have we not all one Father? — From this to Malachi 2:16 the prophet censures the marriages of Israelites with strange women, which the law had forbidden, Deuteronomy 7:3. And also divorces, which seem to have been multiplied for the purpose of contracting these prohibited marriages.-Newcome.
Why do we deal treacherously — Gain the affections of the daughter of a brother Jew, and then profane the covenant of marriage, held sacred among our fathers, by putting away this same wife and daughter! How wicked, cruel, and inhuman!
Verse Malachi 2:11. Daughter of a strange god. — Of a man who worships an idol.
Verse Malachi 2:12. The master and the scholar — He who teachers such doctrine, and he who follows this teaching, the Lord will cut off both the one and the other.
Verse Malachi 2:13. Covering the altar of the Lord with tears — Of the poor women who, being divorced by cruel husbands, come to the priests, and make an appeal to God at the altar; and ye do not speak against this glaring injustice.
Verse Malachi 2:14. Ye say, Wherefore? — Is the Lord angry with us? Because ye have been witness of the contract made between the parties; and when the lawless husband divorced his wife, the wife of his youth, his companion, and the wife of his covenant, ye did not execute on him the discipline of the law. They kept their wives till they had passed their youth, and then put them away, that they might get young ones in their place.
Verse Malachi 2:15. And did not he make one? — ONE of each kind, Adam and Eve. Yet had he the residue of the Spirit; he could have made millions of pairs, and inspired them all with living souls. Then wherefore one? He made one pair from whom all the rest might proceed, that he might have a holy offspring; that children being a marked property of one man and one woman, proper care might be taken that they should be brought up in the discipline of the Lord. Perhaps the holy or godly seed, זרע אלהים zera Elohim, a seed of God, may refer to the MESSIAH. God would have the whole human race to spring from one pair, that Christ, springing from the same family, might in his sufferings taste death for every man; because he had that nature that was common to the whole human race. Had there been several heads of families in the beginning, Jesus must have been incarnated from each of those heads, else his death could have availed for those only who belonged to the family of which he was incarnated.
Take heed to your spirit — Scrutinize the motives which induce you to put away your wives.
Verse Malachi 2:16. For the Lord - hateth putting away — He abominates all such divorces, and him that makes them.
Covereth violence with his garment — And he also notes those who frame idle excuses to cover the violence they have done to the wives of their youth, by putting them away, and taking others in their place, whom they now happen to like better, when their own wives have been worn down in domestic services.
Verse Malachi 2:17. Ye have wearied the Lord — He has borne with you so long, and has been provoked so often, that he will bear it no longer. It is not fit that he should.
Every one that doeth evil — Ye say that it is right in the sight of the Lord to put away a wife, because she has no longer found favour in the sight of her husband. And because it has not been signally punished hitherto, ye blaspheme and cry out, "Where is the God of judgment?" Were he such as he is represented, would he not speak out? All these things show that this people were horribly corrupt. The priests were bad; the prophets were bad; the Levites were bad; and no wonder that the people were irreligious, profane, profligate, and cruel.
Clarke, Adam. "Commentary on Malachi 2". "The Adam Clarke Commentary". https://studylight.org/commentaries/eng/acc/malachi-2.html. 1832.


text:
Conrad Gessner (aussi : Konrad Gessner, latin : Conradus Gesnerus), né le  à Zurich et mort le  dans la même ville, est un naturaliste suisse, connu pour son œuvre de polygraphe humaniste. Plusieurs de ses ouvrages encyclopédiques sont considérés comme fondateurs d'un domaine. Son Historiae animalium (1551-1558) est le premier ouvrage de zoologie moderne visant à décrire tous les animaux connus. Son Bibliotheca universalis (1545) est le premier catalogue bibliographique des ouvrages imprimés du premier siècle de l'imprimerie en Europe.

Biographie
Conrad Gessner est né à Zurich, en 1516 d'un père fourreur et tanneur et d'une mère nommée Agathe Frick. Il était le filleul du prédicateur Ulrich Zwingli, l'un des principaux artisans de la conversion des Suisses à la Réforme protestante. À l'âge de 14 ans, il écrit une lettre à Zwingli lui demandant une bourse pour le Carolinum (École de la Cathédrale de Zurich) où sous l'impulsion de Zwingli, la Physique (les choses de la Nature) est enseignée. Il y étudie, dans la tradition humaniste, les classiques latins.

Son père et Zwingli sont tués durant la bataille de Zoug (1531) ; la famille se disperse et le jeune Conrad part vivre avec un oncle, Johannes Frick, chapelain, qui lui donne l'amour de la littérature et de la botanique.

Les temps très difficiles qui vont suivre le contraignent à poursuivre son éducation en menant une vie itinérante. Soutenu financièrement par son tuteur, Oswald Myconius (1488-1552), il part à Strasbourg pour étudier l'hébreu avec Wolfgang Capito à l'Académie de Strasbourg. Il se rend ensuite à Bourges puis à Paris pour des études médicales. Après s'être passionné pour la théologie, son intérêt se porte principalement sur la médecine et les langues anciennes, latin, grec et hébreu.

En 1535, il retourne à Strasbourg puis Zurich. Il se marie à 19 ans, avec une jeune fille, pauvre comme lui, Barbara Singysen, « un pas irréfléchi » dira-t-il par la suite. Ses mécènes n'apprécient guère cette union et l'obligent à enseigner à l'École élémentaire. Il poursuit cependant ses études de médecine à Bâle où il se fait connaître pour son Dictionnaire grec-latin.

De 1537 à 1540, Conrad Gessner enseigne à Lausanne le grec aux futurs théologiens. Il entreprend avec ses élèves des excursions naturalistes dans la campagne pour observer les plantes d'où il tire des publications. Il obtient ensuite une subvention de Zurich pour aller à Montpellier approfondir ses connaissances de médecine et botanique. Il rencontre les naturalistes Guillaume Rondelet et Pierre Belon.

En 1541, il obtient le grade de docteur en médecine ; sa thèse porte sur la détermination du siège des émotions et des sensations, à savoir le cœur ou le cerveau, Gessner optant pour le second. Il deviendra médecin à Zurich en 1552.

Il est anobli par l'empereur Ferdinand  et, en 1557, est nommé professeur de philosophie naturelle à Zurich, poste qu'il gardera jusqu'à sa mort.

Il fait de nombreux voyages naturalistes et est l'un des premiers à s'intéresser à la flore et aux minéraux alpins. On le considère parfois comme l'un des initiateurs de l'alpinisme. En 1541, il écrit une lettre, Admiration pour la montagne, à son ami Jacques Vogel, dans laquelle il dit être décidé « chaque année à faire l'ascension de quelques montagnes ». Il tiendra parole. En août 1555, il réalise l'ascension du mont Pilate ; c'est l'origine du premier livre consacré à une montagne, Descriptio Montis Fracti sive montis Pilati.

Ses œuvres montrent l'étendue de ses connaissances et de ses centres d'intérêt. Il a écrit sur la linguistique, la philologie, la pharmacopée et la médecine, la bibliographie, la minéralogie, la zoologie (l'ichtyologie en particulier) et la botanique. Il publia en traduction latine, d'une manière presque exhaustive, les œuvres chirurgicales de l'Antiquité (De chirurgia scriptores optimi Zurich, 1555).

Sa contribution majeure est la Bibliotheca universalis (Bibliotheca universalis sive catalogus omnium scriptorum locupletissimus in tribus linguis Latina, Graeca et Hebraica, 1545-1555), une biobibliographie de tous les auteurs grecs, latins et hébreux.

En 1564, une épidémie, souvent décrite comme étant de peste, éclate dans sa ville. Conrad Gessner en est atteint après avoir soigné des malades. Il meurt l'année suivante.

L'œuvre de Gessner va inspirer de nombreux autres auteurs avec lesquels il est en correspondance, notamment Ulisse Aldrovandi. Il marque l'une des plus importantes étapes de la naissance de la science européenne. Hermann Boerhaave le désigne comme un prodige d'érudition (monstrum eruditionis) et Joseph Pitton de Tournefort comme le père de toute l'histoire naturelle.

Contributions

Fondation de la recherche bibliographique en Europe

Comme bien d'autres avant lui, Gessner compile les auteurs qu'il connaît, tant de son époque que de l'Antiquité, mais aussi les auteurs arabes et hébreux. Mais il n'est pas toujours qu'un simple compilateur. Il peut aussi critiquer ses sources et ajouter de nombreux détails tirés de ses propres observations.

Il publie en 1545, Bibliotheca universalis sive catalogus omnium scriptorum locupletissimus in tribus linguis Latina, Graeca et Hebraica, une vaste bibliographie de  où il présente  et leurs œuvres. À cette époque, les catalogues bibliographiques n'existaient pas. Gessner peut être considéré comme le fondateur de la recherche bibliographique en Europe. Il inclut des ouvrages potentiellement médiocres ou qui ont été censurés ainsi que des ouvrages en langue « barbare ». Il fournit des détails de publication, des informations sur les auteurs et esquisse le contenu de l'ouvrage. Il fait ainsi évoluer la consultation d'informations et prévoit que les lecteurs pourront classer leur propre bibliothèque à partir de sa bibliographie en ajoutant la cote de l'ouvrage dans la marge. Cet immense travail d'indexation sera utilisé à des fins non prévues par Gessner, notamment par les concepts de l'index des livres interdits qui y puiseront des renseignements sur les livres jugés hérétiques.

Philologie

Conrad Gessner fait paraître, en 1555, les 21 volumes de ses Mithridates. De differentiis linguarum tum ueterum, tum quae hodie apud diuersas nationes in toto orbe terrarum usu sunt, Conradi Gesneri Tigurini Obseruatione. Cette œuvre est considérée comme l'un des ouvrages fondateurs de la linguistique comparée et de la philologie moderne. Gessner y présente, suivant un ordre alphabétique, toutes les langues vivantes ou mortes qu'il connaît. Il recense plus de 110 langues parlées par plus de 430 peuples.

Zoologie

Son ouvrage le plus célèbre est son Historia animalium, qu'il commence à publier en 1551. Le dernier volume, posthume, paraîtra 22 ans après sa mort. Il s'agit certainement du plus important ouvrage de zoologie jamais publié, c'est pour cette raison qu'il fut surnommé le « Pline suisse ».
Même si son ouvrage suit encore l'ordre alphabétique, il propose une tentative de taxinomie et emploie une appellation latine en deux mots, le premier, le genre suivi d'un qualificatif, système qui sera plus tard suivi par d'autres naturalistes comme Rudolf Camerarius et surtout Carl von Linné.
Pour Georges Cuvier, il est le premier zoologiste des temps modernes et sera souvent copié par ses successeurs.

Dans cette Histoire des animaux, œuvre immense de , chaque espèce est décrite suivant huit chapitres. Gessner donne son nom dans différentes langues (vivantes ou mortes), son habitat et son origine ainsi que sa description anatomique, sa physiologie, les qualités de son âme, les divers usages que l'on peut en tirer, son intérêt alimentaire et médical, ainsi que son utilisation par les poètes et les philosophes…

Il répartit les animaux en plusieurs groupes : les animaux quadrupèdes vivipares et ovipares (sauvages ou non), les oiseaux, les poissons de mer, les poissons d'eau douce et tous les animaux qui ne sont pas cités par ailleurs (et parmi lesquels on trouve des poissons, les crustacés, les testacés, les insectes, les amphibiens, ainsi que l'hippopotame, la loutre, le castor).

La partie sur les poissons est tirée des travaux de deux de ses contemporains : Guillaume Rondelet (dont il a suivi les cours à Montpellier) et Pierre Belon.

Sa classification ne repose pas sur une base très solide et reprend, pour l'essentiel, les catégories populaires. Gessner, probablement conscient de son impossibilité à établir une classification cohérente, opte pour un ordre alphabétique.

Ses descriptions zoologiques (ou botaniques) sont complétées aussi souvent que possible par des illustrations. Celles-ci constituent peut-être l'aspect le plus original de son œuvre. Elles jouent un rôle fondamental dans la reconnaissance des espèces citées. Il rassemble , la plupart originales et signées par Lukas Schan, les autres proviennent surtout de l'œuvre de Leonhart Fuchs. Mais la mort soudaine de Gessner l'empêche de publier son Historia. Il confie à son ami Kaspar Wolf le soin de la faire paraître. Wolf peut publier certaines illustrations mais finit par vendre le tout à Joachim Camerarius le Jeune, qui utilise ses gravures dans ses propres travaux. Bon nombre d'entre elles sont perdues, d'autres ont été retrouvées dans la bibliothèque de l'université d'Erlangen.

Il mentionne aussi des animaux fabuleux comme la licorne, le phénix, l'hydre à sept têtes et des monstres marins comme le trolual. Ceux-ci étant signalés par les auteurs anciens, Gessner ne les remet pas entièrement en doute. Ce n'est que peu à peu que les naturalistes vont mettre en doute l'existence de ces créatures mythiques.

 1551 : Historiae animalium : Liber I de quadrupedibus uiuiparis, apud Christoph. Froschoverum
 1554 : Historiae animalium : Liber II de quadrupedibus oviparis, excudebat C. Froschoverus
 1555 : Historiae animalium : Liber III qui est de avium natura, apud Christoph. Froschoverum
 1558 : Historiae animalium : liber IIII qui est de Piscium & aquatilium animantium natura, Tigurii, apud Christoph. Froschoverum

Ornithologie

Le troisième volume d'Historiae animalium, de , est consacré aux oiseaux. Il paraît d'abord en latin, en 1555, et est traduit en allemand en 1557. Gessner avait le projet d'en réaliser une version française, mais la mort ne lui en laisse pas le temps.

Contrairement à Pierre Belon, Gessner classe les espèces de façon alphabétique. Même s'il cite abondamment les auteurs classiques, il montre, par ses références personnelles, qu'il a observé lui-même les animaux dans la nature. À l'occasion, il rectifie même des erreurs passées. Ainsi il corrige Aristote lorsque celui affirme que le rouge-gorge et le rossignol ne sont que deux formes saisonnières (l'une hivernale, l'autre estivale) du même oiseau. Son livre, cependant, contient encore de nombreux faits erronés (le rossignol se tiendrait ainsi caché tout l'hiver). Il présente aussi quelques espèces relevant de légendes.

Il distingue très bien les différentes espèces de merles : le merle noir (Turdus merula), le merle à plastron (Turdus torquatus), la grive litorne (Turdus pilaris)… Mais il bute sur la reconnaissance de nombreuses autres.

Gessner distingue  d'oiseaux, chacune illustrée par une gravure sur bois. Il décrit l'apparence externe, l'anatomie, la distribution, le comportement, son usage dans la littérature ou sa place dans la mythologie. Il est le premier à décrire et illustrer scientifiquement l'ibis chauve.

Botanique

L'intérêt de Gessner pour la botanique est véritablement scientifique. L'étude de sa correspondance montre qu'il décrit, pour la première fois, des espèces de plantes qui ont été attribuées depuis à Charles de l'Écluse, Gaspard Bauhin ou bien d'autres. Même si sa taxinomie n'est pas très rigoureuse, Gessner tente de rassembler les plantes en fonction de leur ressemblance aussi souvent que possible, même s'il doit aller à l'encontre des usages de son époque. Mais comme pour les animaux, sa classification manque de rigueur faute de déterminer avec précision les notions d'espèce et de genre.

Son œuvre est rééditée très souvent après sa mort et connaîtra une foule de versions et d'adaptations. Pendant deux cents ans, elle constituera la base de toute bibliothèque d'histoire naturelle.

Étude des fossiles

Conrad Gessner publie en 1565, l'année de sa mort, De rerum fossilium, un livre novateur qui marque la naissance de la paléontologie. Il est en effet le premier savant à présenter des illustrations de fossiles. À l'époque de Gessner et de ses contemporains, le terme « fossile » désigne tout objet naturel recouvert par une couche de terre, qu'il s'agisse d'un minéral ou des restes de quelque organisme.

Distillation et applications thérapeutiques

Conrad Gessner publie en latin d'abord en 1552 à Zurich puis à Lyon de 1554 à 1559, Thesaurus Euonymi Philiatri De remediis secretis, traduit en français comme Trésor des remèdes secrets par Evonyme Philiastre. Il écrit sous le pseudonyme de Evonyme Philiastre.

L'ouvrage, annonciateur du renouveau parcelsien qui devait gagner la France, connut un succès rapide. Il se définit comme un livre des secrets quoiqu'il renvoie plus à des œuvres médicales universitaires qu'aux secrets artisanaux populaires, comme peut le faire l'ouvrage de référence du genre, De' Secreti del R.D. Alessio Piemontese (1555), dû à l'humaniste vénitien Girolamo Ruscelli.

L'ouvrage passe en revue les travaux majeurs sur les techniques de distillation et leurs application en thérapeutique, effectués depuis le .

Gessner s'était forgé très tôt une opinion plutôt défavorable du médecin alchimiste Paracelse (exprimée dès 1545 dans Bibliotheca Universalis). Il avait pris position en 1560-1561 contre le paracelsisme dans ses lettres à Joachim Camerarius le Jeune et à . Au fil des années, cette opinion négative se limita au domaine théologique : il accusait Paracelse d'arianisme (négation de la divinité du Christ) et de magie démoniaque.
Dans le Trésor des remèdes secrets, il reconnait la valeur de nombreux remèdes paracelsiens et en particulier les préparations métalliques, efficaces là où échouaient les autres remèdes. En fait, comme l'a montré Charles Webster, il n'y a pas d'incompatibilité fondamentale entre la médecine paracelsienne et la médecine humaniste, Hippocrate constituant un point de contact particulièrement solide entre les deux.

Œuvres en ligne

 Historiæ animalium — En ligne, le , De quadrupedibus uiuiparis
 Historiæ animalium — En ligne : livre IIII (qui est de Piscium & aquatilium animantium natura)
 Historiae animalium — Extraits en ligne
 Ouvrages numérisés par le SCD de l'Université de Strasbourg
 Ouvrage numérisé par la BCU de L'Université Clermont Auvergne
 Publications en ligne sur Google livres

Hommages

Le cloître du carolinum de Zurich dans l'église Grossmünster, où Gessner est enterré, a un jardin de plantes qui lui est dédié.

Charles Plumier a nommé en son honneur le genre Gesnera de la famille des Gesneriaceae. Linné a plus tard changé ce nom en Gesneria.

Le Gessner-Garten de Zurich, avec ses plantes médiévales et médicinales, rappelle sa mémoire.

La revue Gesnerus porte le nom latinisé de Gessner.

Le billet de  de la sixième série (1976) des francs suisses est dédié à Gessner.

Un astéroïde (9079) Gesner a nommé en honneur de Gessner.

Bibliographie

  Conrad Gessner, 1516 – 1565 : Universalgelehrter, Naturforscher, Arzt, essais de Hans Fischer , Zürich, Orell Füssli, 1967, , illustré
  E. W. Gudger, « The five great naturalists of the sixteenth century : Belon, Rondelet, Salviani, Gesner and Aldrovandi : a chapter of history of ichthyology », dans Isis, , 1934, ,
  C. M. Pyle, « Conrad Gessner on the spelling of his name », dans Archives of Natural History, 27, (2000),

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Liens externes

Biologiste suisse
Ornithologue suisse
Botaniste suisse
Personnalité liée au canton de Zurich
Naissance en mars 1516
Naissance à Zurich
Décès en décembre 1565
Décès à Zurich
Mort de la peste
Décès à 49 ans

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
🕷A controller that enables you to easily play your favorite games on iPhone and iPad❗ Steelseries Nimbus❗
Review 145: 18.04.2021 at 08:00 pm
Steelseries Nimbus
Guys! Who said that playing games on tablets is hard?
You only need a controller, and you will be fine. Let's get familiar with the SteelSeries Nimbus controller together.
Tablets have become very powerful and they can run games easily. Fortnite on tablets is great, but playing it with a touch screen is hard, and if you're a console user, you'll have hard time trying to get used to it.
Let me introduce to you the SteelSeries Nimbus controller. SteelSeries is known for making keyboards and mice and other control devices. Their latest product is the Nimbus.
The design is very similar to any other controller. It has buttons like R1, R2, L1 and L2. There are also AXYB buttons. Among other buttons. It also has the menu button and light sensors to show you what hand do you use and its number if you are playing with other people.
There is also a bluetooth button and power button. The design is excellent compared to other similar products designed for phones and tablets.
Honestly, the build quality is very similar to the Xbox 1 controller. You can connect it using bluetooth, in this case it is 4.1,Then, you can install the app for it, which is also called Nimbus.
The app shows you the supported games. I will talk about this later.
Using the app, you can update the software of the controller. The app works on iPad, but it is designed for iPhone. The controller comes with a lightning port. The battery inside lasted for more than 40 hours in our testings.
We tried these games using the new iPad Pro 11, The most important game is the Fortnite.
he controller works perfectly with this game. It feels like you are playing it on a computer. We also tried The Witness game. We also tried supported games like 10 Seconds To Run, but it didn't work perfectly as it was built for iPhone, not iPad.
We also tried the Angry Birds Go, and it worked greatly. Speaking of car racing games, we also tried Asphalt 8. It worked perfectly.
We also tried games that require jumping and running like Rayman Adventures and Rayman Jungle Run. Both games were great.
The controller also works on phone, but you need to have supported phones. The app is also available on Android and iOS. These tests were tested by someone who really loves gaming.
This person owns the new iPad, and he expects that he will play a lot on his iPad using this controller. The price of this controller on the official app is 66 usd, or 55 euros.
This controller is an additional accessories. If you play the supported games, then this controller could be great for you. But don't buy if you don't need it. For sure you'll ask about PUBG.
It wasn't great, but it could become better in the upcoming updates.
I think SteelSeries will support PUBG soon. But if PUBG is the reason you want to buy this controller, then keep checking their website for more information. This is the end of this review.
🕷 See you soon on the next reviews guys…


Los Angeles, Ca, June 20th, 2015- Time to grow tomatoes. If you're new to the world of growing tomatoes check out the helpful tips below from a past interview I did with Scott Diagre of Tomato Mania as well as listen to chef Mary and Duane Pemberton talk to their guest Laura Taylor about growing tomatoes in your backyard.
um. Most importantly, keep the soil balanced and don't use chicken manure (nitrogen loaded), as it will off-balance it.
Quantity- Grow three to five sturdy hybrids (the perfect amount to begin). Eight is a lot and maybe too many.
Cherry tomatoes are the toughest species of tomatoes and the hardest to kill.
Good Buys-pineapple, Kellogg's breakfast, any reds, Noir de Crimee and Paul Robeson Plant- Cherry tomatoes can be planted in a pot, but most tomatoes should be planted in the ground. Choose either Indeterminate (keep growing up) or Determinate (grows and stops). Indicated by a D or an I on the tag. Take your space into consideration and choose accordingly.
How to support the plant- Hold the tomato plants up with steaks, cages or spread along a fence (favorite). The most important part is to give them air. Ties- something soft, "Stockings are what my grandmother used," Daigre said.
Water- Most people water too much. Test with a pencil by sticking into the ground and then remove it. If the bottom of the pencil is dry you need water, but if the bottom of the pencil is wet, then stop.
Pesticides and Pest Control – Assess the situation. It's best to check on your plants daily so you know what's going on with them. Next, decide whether you can spray the bugs off with a hose, pick them by hand, use ladybugs or if you have to use a pesticide (organic is preferable).
Harvest- Pick tomatoes when they're soft and ripe. Bright in color, firm but soft to touch. Avoid picking when they're not full color or before they are overly soft. When growing heirlooms, make sure you know their true color and as they change color you know when to pick them.
Store- In the kitchen on a cool counter, avoid sunlight and the refrigerator. Best if stored blossom side down. Don't wash them until you are ready to eat them.
Thanks to the lovely @MarkDonofrio13 for catching that I left out the important Tomato Mania link! Scott really is an amazing TomatoConnoisseur!
We want to know: What are your secrets for growing the sweetest tomatoes?


With the current climate and state of politics in our country today, reading books in translation is more important than ever. Looking south, writers from central and South America have a long history of writing in opposition to social and political events sprouting from totalitarian (usually military) governments, especially in the twentieth century.
An interview with Confeitera, a website/magazine/collective/publisher based in Brazil, in which we discuss independent art, literature and publishing specifically in Brazil … but also more generally.
What Can We Learn from Amazon?


text:
Manuel Orazi (* 1860 in Rom; † 1934 in Paris) war ein italienischer Grafiker und Maler des Jugendstils.

Er schuf 1895 in Zusammenarbeit mit Austin de Crose den "Magischen Kalender", gedruckt in einer Auflage von 777 Exemplaren.

Er illustrierte u. a. die "Die Blumen des Bösen" von Charles Baudelaire, Ma petite Ville von Jean Lorrain und "Salome" von Oscar Wilde.

Er entwarf auch Juwelen, gezeigt 1896 im von Siegfried Bing gegründeten Pariser Salon Maison de l'Art Nouveau.

1921 entwarf er die Bauten zum französischen Stummfilm "L'Atlantide" von Jacques Feyder.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

 Biografie und Bilder
 Der Magische Kalender

Maler des Jugendstils
Maler (Italien)
Grafiker (Italien)
Italiener
Geboren 1860
Gestorben 1934
Mann


Mairangi Bay started from humble beginnings, originally known as Little Murray, with Big Murray being the larger settlement. Since 1906 when Mr Pond opened his first shop, Mairangi Bay has developed into a safe, convenient boutique shopping centre surrounded by good quality, well developed homes. The schools are all decile 10 with excellent reputations and there are churches of all denominations. The following excerpts are taken from the Blast from the Past column in the monthly Village News. All the photographs used in the Blast from the Past series are from the archives in the East Coast Bays Library in Browns Bay. A brief history comes with each photograph and copies of the photos can be ordered from the library for $20 each for an A4 size.
Fifty eight years on and Mairangi Bay Village certainly looks a little different to this photo, taken in 1952. It is a view from the corner of Ramsgate Terrace and Beach Road, looking back into what is now our village centre. The dairy you can see to the right also has a petrol sign and this is actually the site of the present garage, where petrol is still sold. This is around the time that permanent homes were built in Mairangi Bay. Once the harbour bridge was built in 1959, it opened up the whole of the North Shore to development and slowly the first homes and baches were replaced with family homes.
In 1880 Joseph Murray bought the land we know as Mairangi Bay from a Maori called Tommy, a mussel fisherman, who owned it. Originally the land would have been covered with kauri trees, felled long ago by Maori. Joseph Murray's original homestead was on the site of Montrose Terrace. Joseph farmed corn and wheat here until 1912 when he sold the land to a land syndicate for 50 pounds an acre. The developers subdivided the land to make holiday home sections. Joseph Murray died on the North Shore at the age of 98. Originally Mairangi Bay was known as Little Murrays Bay and what we know as Murrays Bay was called Big Murrays Bay and was the larger settlement. It was renamed Mairangi Bay to avoid confusion.
The Maori who first arrived at the strip of land between Mairangi and Murrays Bays named the area Waipapa. The meaning of this was "water over wood" which referred to the stumps and logs (remnants of an ancient forest) that were often found embedded in the sand in this area. This name was stripped away in 1881, much in the colonial tradition as the bay was renamed for the original expat Joseph Murray. While Murray worked the land between the two bays they became known as Big and Little Murrays Bays. However upon Murray's retirement to Northcote the entire situation was deemed too confusing and so a petition was drawn up by a local solicitor Mr Rennie. He wanted Little Murrays Bay renamed "Awatea Bay." This choice speaks volumes for the isolation prevalent in early 20th century New Zealand, as it was only upon further investigation that the name was discovered to already be in use in the South Island. Mairangi Bay was decided upon instead. "Mairangi" is a name with varying meanings the most popular of which is "the sheltered arm" one judged apropos for the small, though growing community.
Joseph Murray collected Kauri gum from his 174 acres of land however he was not the only gum digger and nor was he the first. While the Kauri gum industry had its strongest roots in the northern regions, the bays of Auckland's North Shore were not to be denied a share in the profits. The areas of Mairangi Bay and Campbells Bay exist on the buried bones of an ancient Kauri forest and the evidence can still be seen today in the stumps and logs embedded in the sands of the beaches. There is also the remnants of a gum digger's shack in Centennial Park.
The value of Kauri gum was in its export for the production of furniture polish mainly for export to England. Kauri gum had around fifty years of boom until in the early twentieth century dwindling resources and growing disquiet over poor conditions saw it slowly bleed into the recesses of history.
This photograph was taken in 1923. It shows the beach with the bullock teams hauling the pine logs. Notice that entire families are assisting in this. All transportation in and out of Mairangi Bay was by sea and the transport bullocks pulling carts. The logs were then rafted into Auckland to service the building industry's demand for timber. This is at a time when Auckland was still a new development and there were many buildings being erected.
This photograph was taken around 1925, eighty five years ago. The one unchanging feature of course is Rangitoto Island whereas there is little else that you could recognise. It is in fact near Brighton Terrace looking down into Mairangi Bay Village Centre. The few buildings you can see are holiday baches. Until the Harbour Bridge was built 50 years ago there was very little here as it was not convenient to Auckland and only viewed as a holiday area. If you know the history of any of these baches please write and let us know.
Joseph Murray bought the land we know as Mairangi Bay from the Maori Tommy, who owned it in 1880. Originally the area was known as Little Murrays Bay because at the time Big Murrays Bay was the larger settlement. The Maori originally called the area Waipapa Bay, which means water over wood. This is his homestead which was in Montrose Terrace pre 1916. Joseph Murray lived to be 98 years old. He sold the farm in 1912 to a land syndicate and he was paid 50 pounds an acre. The developers subdivided the land for holiday home sections.
This photograph, taken in 1927, shows Mairangi Bay beach. At this time Murrays Bay was known as Big Murray and Mairangi Bay as Little Murrays Bay, hence the handwritten "Murrays Bay" on the photo. (The name Murray came from Joseph Murray the Pakeha owner of the land). This obviously led to a lot of confusion and so it was decided to rename Little Murrays Bay to Mairangi Bay.
This is a photo of the original East Coast Road and was taken in the 1950s. The site is between the rose garden and Rangitoto College. This is before the road was re-aligned to its present position.
This is the last of the photos that I have. If you have anything over 30 years old you would like to share please email Gabrielle Sheddan at coordinator@mairangibayvillage.co.nz with the photo and an explanation about the photograph.
Times have changed. Do you know that in 1920 Mairangi Bay was advertised as being "only one hour's walk from Takapuna steam tram stop at Milford".


Mike was a pleasure to work with from start to finish. Extremely accommodating, professional & just all around a joy to do business with. We have worked with several DJs in the past for our car show, and knew what we were looking for, and I must say it was quite refreshing to have Mike on our side to make sure our car show was a blast and full of fun and energy for our participants. Mike was always available and he could be reached by phone, text & email and his response time was always immediate. As for the services, we had nothing but rave reviews from everyone, and a lot of people booked gigs with him from our show. Our entire car club, along with our car show particpants were all blown away at how terrific Mike performed and highly recommend this great company to everyone! Keep up the great work! Mike made a stressful time for us, much less stressful and we feel like we gained a new friend throughout the process. Thank you a million times over for making this such a great experience for us.Thanks so much for an awesome day! We will be spreading the word about how wonderful you were to work with. So, again, thanks a million times! You truly made our car show absolutely terrific, and we look forward to booking more car shows with you over the years!


This one is a leftover, after I said "No more sunflowers."
Different, I know. Done with palette knives.
I've been scanning a new artist today (new to me, anyway) and she's fantastic. I am trying to figure out how I can get from the level where I am to a level like where she is. A class? A series of workshops? I'm not sure. More practice drawing? A concentration on composition? I need to study, I think.
and notice what that skill level fetches! THAT'S where I wanna be.
Since I had these colors out anyway, I decided to do a made-up sunset, with a bare tree and some beach grasses.
I just adore these intense colors together.
Plums are gorgeous anyway, but then to pop a high yellow next to it? YUM.
Last week Monday I bought two bunches of sunflowers for around $20. But they didn't last at all, having wilted by Wednesday. So on Thursday, with a ride at hand, I took them back to the store, and got two new bunches. Now THESE are lasting!
But I'm getting tired of painting them, and I know you must be tired of seeing them, so this will be the last one for now. Tomorrow something different.
Something with sunflowers, but from a little different view.
Don't the leaves and fringes remind you of skirts and tutus?


Delicate cast glass incorporated with solid concrete distinguishes the work of Junichiro Baba. As light passes through the solid glass pieces, the simple transition between light and shadow is revealed.
Baba received his BA degree from Tokyo University and his MFA degree from the Rochester Institute of Technology (NY). He has exhibited extensively in the Japan and the United States including the Mint Museum of Craft + Design (NC) and the Tucson Museum of Art (AZ). His work is in the collections of The Museum of American Glass (NJ), Tokyo Glass Art Institute (Japan), and the Wallace Library (NY).


Joe has been a long term player in the I.T. Industry. Starting in IT in the early days of the 1970s, on a working trip to New Zealand, his return to Australia saw him move into operations management where he quickly learned what it takes to keep an enterprise running smoothly.
Taking a lateral step into IT recruitment in 1983 he was able to combine his personal charm with his knowledge of industry needs to achieve notable success and a solid reputation at all levels of industry as a recruitment consultant.
In the intervening years he has interlaced his work in recruitment with senior project management, business development, and even General Manager IT for our most famous insurer. Always with a recognition that he was a manager of real people, and not the currently trendy buzz-word 'resources'. Joe has come a long way from the 18 year old roustabout that left Benalla to work on the Snowy Mountain Scheme.
Don't be fooled by his forbidding exterior; it masks a warm and fuzzy heart. Joe is a people person through and through. He has a quick and impish sense of humour, enjoys a laugh, but knows when to be serious. Joe has that extraordinary, but rare, talent of being a good listener, and not only that, he actually understands.


text:
This is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1938.

Events

Top Hillbilly-Folk (Country) Recordings 1938

The following songs were extracted from records included in Joel Whitburn's Pop Memories 1890-1954, record sales reported on the "Discography of American Historical Recordings" website, and other sources as specified. Numerical rankings are approximate, they are only used as a frame of reference.

Births
 January 30 - Norma Jean, female singer of the 1960s and regular on The Porter Wagoner Show from 1961 to 1967.
 March 12 – Lew DeWitt, songwriter and former member of The Statler Brothers (he sang tenor) (died 1990).
 March 18 – Charley Pride, the most successful African-American country music performer, active since the mid-1960s.
 April 4 – Norro Wilson, prominent songwriter and record producer (died 2017).
 August 18 – Allen Reynolds, prominent record producer, best known for his association with Garth Brooks.
 August 21 – Kenny Rogers, pop-styled country crooner who has enjoyed hits since the late 1960s (died 2020).

Further reading
 Kingsbury, Paul, "Vinyl Hayride: Country Music Album Covers 1947–1989," Country Music Foundation, 2003 ()
 Millard, Bob, "Country Music: 70 Years of America's Favorite Music," HarperCollins, New York, 1993 ()
 Whitburn, Joel. "Top Country Songs 1944–2005 – 6th Edition." 2005.

References

Country
Country music by year


text:
Oh, the irony, etc.
June 26, 2007 by Nosemonkey
That dear Mr Blair (today's his final full day in office, don'tchaknow?) has outright rejected a referendum on the new EU treaty is no surprise.
What is rather entertaining is the sheer gall of the man, arguing that a referendum campaign "would suck in the whole political energy of the country for months".
This, of course, from the man who took two and a half years to finally announce the date for his resignation (tomorrow! Huzzah!) after the initial hints, prompting a solid 31 months of constant media speculation and petty distractions from the business of government, as both government figures and the opposition have jostled to gain the most from his departure.
Do you think he says that sort of stuff on purpose, or is he genuinely too dense to see the double-standards?
Meanwhile Blair seems to be about to be given a new job sorting out the mess in the Middle East, much like a less likeable British Jimmy Carter. That should keep him nicely out of the way (though not – what a shame – necessarily out of harm's way) for a few years. As long as he doesn't get his grubby, incompetent mitts on the proposed EU presidency, I honestly couldn't care less.
Gordon Brown, meanwhile, must really love Tony right now – this new EU treaty business looks to be the nastiest problem Blair could possibly have left him with. Unless, of course, we manage to invade Iran or North Korea in the next 24 hours…
Categories: Blair, EU, Rest of the World | Permalink
Pingback: Nosemonkey / Europhobia » On passionate Eurosceptics
Russian aftermath
Lessons from America for the EU
Intriguing European history initiative
"The terrorist threat is growing"
How have the Euro and austerity affected economic recovery?
A new(ish) EU blog roundup
European Elections 2009: Online resources to help you cast an informed vote
France, the Roma, and the Divine Right of States
Gorbachev vs. the zombies
The botox treaty and the end of the EU


Southampton High Street is one of the stores that belong to the Argos network, located at 176-178 High Street, Southampton, Hampshire, SO14 2BY. The shop serves visitors originating from nearby localities, like City Centre, St. Mary's, Newtown, Nicholstown. In order to contact this outlet you might telephone the number 0345 1657441. Southampton High Street is normally open on Monday: 09:00 - 18:00, Tuesday: 09:00 - 18:00, Wednesday: 09:00 - 18:00, Thursday: 09:00 - 18:00, Friday: 09:00 - 18:00, Saturday: 09:00 - 18:00. Its Sunday opening hours are: 10:00 - 16:00.
Other brands in the neighbourhood are Tesco in Southampton High St Express - only 0.00 miles away, Superdrug in Southampton - about 0.01 miles away, Poundland in Southampton Hight Street - at a distance of 0.02 miles, Poundland in Southampton Above Bar Poundland with Pep&Co - about 0.04 miles away and Costa Coffee in Costa Coffee - at a distance of 0.04 miles.


text:
Magazine: 28 May 2016
MagazineIssue: 28 May 2016Features
The power trap
Having influence in a powerful European Union means giving it much more power over us
From magazine issue: 28 May 2016
Soon after the date for the EU referendum was set, Timothy Garton Ash published a piece in this magazine under the title 'A conservative case for staying in'. He was followed by Ian Buruma, attacking the idea that, having left the EU, the British would be more free. And then, after the Obama visit to London, there was Anne Applebaum, assuring us that the US had 'excellent reasons' for being opposed to Brexit.
Like the little boy at the back of the street brawl in the old Punch cartoon, I want to ask: 'Is this a private fight, or can any former foreign editor of The Spectator join in?' Tim Garton Ash was succeeded in that role by Ian Buruma; I came next, and was followed by Anne Applebaum. We all went our separate ways: Ian to teach in the US, Anne to spend much of her time in Poland, and Tim to add lustre to St Antony's College, Oxford. (I too ended up in Oxford, though at a less Europeanist venue — St Antony's being the VIP international airport lounge of academia.) I remain friends with all of them. On this issue, however, they will not be surprised to hear that I think they are all mistaken.
We are warned about the possible effect of Brexit on the 'crisis-torn' EU, and told that we should not let Europe 'collapse into protectionism and authoritarianism', lest it fall prey to 'disintegration, national hostilities, xenophobia and illiberalism'. The current crisis may be a rather short-term basis on which to decide one's vote on such a long-term issue, but never mind. Such harping on present dangers raises the obvious question: if this rickety building is under such dangerous stresses and strains, wouldn't we be safer standing outside it?
Tim Garton Ash replies that withdrawal is not an option for Britain, because throughout our history we have been 'ineluctably drawn in to the travails of a troubled continent'. This is a common argument among historians: that the British have always needed to protect their strategic interests in continental Europe. But in the past those interests have been 'strategic' more or less in the military sense of the term, as we have intervened to curb a hegemonic power — France or Germany — that could threaten us with a blockade or an invasion. Does anyone really imagine that we face such a danger from any western European power today?
Even if that historical argument were valid now, those who wield it would need to explain why the best or perhaps the only way for the UK to defend its strategic interests in Europe is to submit to a European supranational government. Non-membership of the EU does not equal 'isolationism'. It is surely possible that an independent UK, active on the world stage and remaining a strong member of Nato, would be better placed to defend its long-term interests on the Continent than one which is increasingly obliged to do as European policy--makers say.
It seems deliciously easy to suppose that a united bloc of 28 countries, with 508 million inhabitants, will be a super-powerful force on the world stage. Yet super-power can have super effects only when it is directed at coherent policy goals — which the EU struggles, and often fails, to agree on. The problem here is built into the very nature of the organisation. On many important issues, unanimity among so many countries with very different interests is simply impossible; and when agreement is lacking, the result is a kind of auto-paralysis, where decisive action is ruled out.
We saw this, shamefully, in the case of Bosnia, where the EU dithered until the Americans stepped in to end the war. And in some ways we see it today over Kosovo, where the EU tries to tell that country what to do, while officially having no policy whatsoever on whether it is an independent state, as 23 member states think, or a province of Serbia, as five do.
Much has been made of the idea that Putin would like us to leave the EU. Yet an increasingly neutered EU, trying and failing to make its own coherent foreign policy, would surely serve his purpose better, and his advantage would be all the greater if Britain were locked inside it. Even today it would take only the veto of Cyprus (heavily dependent on Russian money), or Greece (under its passionately pro-Moscow government) to stymie any new anti-Putin policy. Imagine the future implications of this, if the EU realises its long-stated dream of running its own defence policy — a dream which, even if it is not aimed at undermining Nato, might well have that effect, by giving the US the ideal excuse to reduce its involvement in the defence of western Europe.
The obvious solution to the problem of auto-paralysis would be to decide more EU foreign policy by majority voting — as many MEPs have demanded for years. But then Britain would sometimes find itself obliged to obey policies which it did not think beneficial to itself, to Europe or to the world. There is a fundamental issue here, which might be called the supranational power trap: in order to make the supranational body to which we belong genuinely powerful, we must give it much more power over ourselves.
This already happens in ordinary law-making all the time. Currently the UK is on the losing side in one in eight of all majority-vote decisions in the Council of Ministers. No doubt, by the law of averages, there must be some occasions when our small share of the vote (one 28th on the country count, and about one eighth on the population count) plays a decisive role in pushing the total just over the thresholds (55 and 65 per cent, respectively); but mostly the pre-existing majority of other countries will dictate the outcome. Yes, our skilled officials can enter the policy-making process at earlier stages of the process. But they are the officials of just one country out of 28; and in the end it is the vote that decides. When we vote for the winning side, some like to trumpet our 'influence'. In Aesop's fable the fly on the chariot's axle-tree exclaimed: 'See what a lot of dust I raise!'
For me, the most important issue is the one that flows directly from these problems: the loss of democracy. This huge artificial structure would indeed be paralysed if all decisions required unanimity. But once our laws and policies are made by EU majority voting, we begin to sacrifice the most precious thing of all: the principle that those who make our laws and rule us are chosen by us, and can be removed by us. European elections, and tinkering with the so-called democratic deficit in Brussels, are entirely beside the point here, as the EU is not, for any of its member populations, the primary political community, the 'demos' on which genuine democracy is based.
Most advocates of a Remain vote simply ignore this issue. Some contrive to suggest that it is just a matter of accepting technical regulations for the single market — whereas the range of EU law-making does in fact go much further than that. And some like to imply that if people do not want to put themselves under a supranational government, they must be harking back to a nostalgic (and probably right-wing) concept of 'sovereignty' which has no validity in the modern world.
Sovereignty is not in fact outmoded. But the term has become so misunderstood that it is probably better to put it aside, in this debate, and just talk about democratic self-government instead. I have yet to hear any leading Remainer explain why this valuable thing — which should be equally precious to both left and right — is worth sacrificing for the benefits, whether geopolitical or economic, that they think we shall get from staying in the EU.
When it suits them, Messrs Cameron and Osborne like to make very long-term predictions about the UK after Brexit, confidently telling us what the economy will be like in 15 years' time. It is now 40 years since we were last given a referendum, so here is an even longer-term question for them. If we stay in the EU, and if it follows the political trajectory which it has so consistently taken, just what do they think our democratic self-government will be like 40 years from now?
Non-membership ofthe EU does not equal 'isolationism'
Noel Malcolm is a senior research fellow in history at All Souls College, Oxford.
Written byNoel Malcolm
Topics in this articlePoliticsbrexiteueu referendumforeign policynato


text:
Q: Can a black hole have negative temperature? Stephen Hawking said that black hole also have temperature and it is related to its mass so in other words a black hole can also be shown to have a negative temperature! I know that nothing is colder than absolute zero and negative temperature are hotter than all positive temperature including infinity, in the case of a black hole is it possible for it to have a negative temperature?
Lab experiments can create negative temperature by using laser cooling on the atoms which are trapped using magnetic field as a cup, next is evaporative cooling which get rid of those warmer atoms. So far so good thereafter they use the magnetic field to make the atoms attract each other and suddenly they are switch to the highest possible energy state and remain stable...
I think I must have misread something but anyway can nature produce negative temperature especially in black hole?

A: The temperature of a black hole cannot be negative. The temperature is given by:
$$ T = \frac{\hbar c^3}{8\pi kGM} \tag{1} $$
and obviously this cannot be negative as all the quantities on the right hand side are greater than zero.
However the specific heat is negative and I wonder if this is what you are thinking of. If we differentiate equation (1) with respect to mass we get:
$$ \frac{\mathrm dT}{\mathrm dM} = -\frac{\hbar c^3}{8\pi kGM^2} $$
If the black hole gains some heat dQ then it gains a mass given by $c^2\mathrm dM = \mathrm dQ$, and substituting this into the above equation gives:
$$ \mathrm dT = -\frac{\hbar c^3}{8\pi kGM^2} \frac{\mathrm dQ}{c^2} = -\frac{\hbar c}{8\pi kGM} \frac{\mathrm dQ}{M} $$
If we write:
$$ \mathrm dT = \frac{\mathrm dQ}{MC} $$
where $C$ is the specific heat we get:
$$ C = -\frac{8\pi kGM}{\hbar c} $$
The specific heat is negative because if you add energy to a black hole its temperature decreases and if it loses energy by radiation its temperature increases.

A:
Stephen Hawking said that black hole also have temperature and it is related to its mass so in other words a black hole can also be shown to have a negative temperature!

I'm under the impression that your reasoning is the following: black holes have negative mass, mass is related to temperature, therefore, black holes have negative temperature!
However, black holes do not have negative mass. A black hole is basically a collapsed star so it's mass is the same as the mass of the star before the contraction, minus, of course, the amount of mass lost by the star during the supernova stage.
Also, the concept of negative temperature doesn't really make sense. Temperature is basically the amount of kinetic energy the atoms of a given body have. So, it doesn't make sense to talk about negative temperature, unless you're talking in Celsius or Fahrenheit.

A: A temperature below absolute zero: Atoms at negative absolute temperature are the hottest systems in the world
On the absolute temperature scale, which is used by physicists and is also called the Kelvin scale, it is not possible to go below zero – at least not in the sense of getting colder than zero kelvin. According to the physical meaning of temperature, the temperature of a gas is determined by the chaotic movement of its particles – the colder the gas, the slower the particles. At zero kelvin (minus 273 degrees Celsius) the particles stop moving and all disorder disappears. Thus, nothing can be colder than absolute zero on the Kelvin scale. Physicists have now created an atomic gas in the laboratory that nonetheless has negative Kelvin values. These negative absolute temperatures have several apparently absurd consequences: although the atoms in the gas attract each other and give rise to a negative pressure, the gas does not collapse – a behavior that is also postulated for dark energy in cosmology.