text:
the physics of sundays
Books and Codes
Giorgio in the corridor of the lost Nobels
The "Guglielmo Marconi" building of the Institute of Physics ("Istituto Fisico") in the University of Rome "Sapienza" (meaning Knowledge in Italian) may be quite intimidating, both for a young aspiring physicist and for a newcomer professor. The amount of outstanding scientists that have occupied its rooms since it was erected in 1934 to replace the old building of via Panisperna, where Fermi did his famous experiments, is awfully impressive. I used to walk up and down the ample marble staircase every Thursday afternoon of the winter semester, between 1998 and 2004, to give lectures in atomic and molecular spectroscopy for the 3rd year students. Being just a part-time assistant and coming from another university, I found the mere thought of the exceptional crowd of theoretical and experimental physicists of the faculty absolutely terrifying: what if one of them would enter my lecture room, follow just a few minutes of my course, and pick up some mistake or imprecision…? Those challenging hallways with their historical glass cupboards stuffed of ancient physics instruments, along which you could stumble in an almost-Nobel or a long-time failed candidate at each corner, gave me the shivers, and I remember starting each lecture in sweat despite the cold winter.
This first week of October 2021 begun with the announcement of the Nobel prize awarded to Giorgio Parisi, a decision that crowns the Roman physics with a long awaited and largely deserved recognition. It is true that a Nobel is by definition a limited treat, and the number of scientists around the world that would deserve the prize is way much larger than the ones who get nominated. However, in the austere physics building framed by the white marble lines of rationalist architecture of the '30s, the concentration of failed candidates over the past 70-80 years is so high to bear little comparison elsewhere.
I already wrote about Marcello Conversi and his "not-Nobel" muon experiment a few weeks ago. But a few steps away from the former room of Conversi one could knock at the door of Giovanni Jona-Lasinio, the father of spontaneous symmetry breaking, a revolutionary concept in physics that he introduced while working with Yoichiro Nambu: the 2008 Nobel went to Nambu, but Jona was left out. A few more steps, and you could meet Luciano Maiani: together with Sheldon Glashow and John Iliopoulos, Luciano worked out in 1970 the GIM mechanism of strong interactions by which they predicted the existence of the "charm" quark, which was identified four years later at SLAC. But still no Nobel. Turn the corner, and you might stumble into Nicola Cabibbo: in 1963 he introduced the notion of quark decay, by assuming that quarks can transform into one another by a mixing process, whose parameter can be written in the form of an angle qC today known in every textbook as the "Cabibbo angle". This concept was later generalized by Kobayashi and Maskawa into a 3×3 matrix of coupling angles: they got the Nobel, Nicola was left out. And the impressive list of names could go on, even if less Nobel-worth but winners of Boltzmann medals, Planck medals, Wolf prizes and the like, with Enrico Persico, Giorgio Salvini, Guido Altarelli, Giovanni Gallavotti, Bruno Touschek (not less than the inventor of the storage ring concept for particle accelerators), and many other people that gave key contributions to the physics of the past century, all united in the Rome school of physics whose founding fathers are named Enrico Fermi and Edoardo Amaldi.
Giorgio Parisi, a former student of Cabibbo, obtains today the recognition of a life with a rather obscure motivation: "for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales." The name of the game here is the interplay between disorder and fluctuations, two words that speak of physics to a physicist, but mean quite different things to the laymen. When thinking of disorder, the first image that comes to our minds is probably our children's room; and when thinking of fluctuations, one imagines butterflies, or falling leaves lazily fluttering in the air. In physics, disorder and fluctuations are the hallmarks of complex systems, whose study was initiated in the second half of the XIX century by Maxwell, Boltzmann, Gibbs. Around 1980, Parisi moved away from the high-energy physics studies of his early years (yet full of outstanding achievements, among which the parton model of quark confinement, and a renormalization group study of the mass limits for the Higgs boson), and started producing a series of works around complex systems, showing that many natural phenomena otherwise deemed to be random and unpredictable, are actually governed by well-defined, but well-hidden rules.
As Giorgio wrote in the Introduction of his famous book Spin glass theory and beyond (co-authored with Marc Mézard and Miguel Virasoro) frustration in a natural system may be analogous to characters in a theater drama: A is friend of both B and C, but B and C hate each other. How can they all get together? When magnetic iron atoms are randomly dispersed in a copper crystal, they may find the same impossibility of simultaneously satisfying the pairing requirements, because of the frozen disordered arrangement: their magnetic orientations start to fluctuate in a complex pattern, trying to find the best compromise between counteracting forces, thus representing the prototype of a spin glass. Since the '70s, many brilliant physicists were trying to give a description of the spin glass, without success. One promising mathematical method was the "replica" approach, a technique in which many different copies, or replicas, of the system are processed at the same time. However, the results were physically unsuitable. Parisi made a breakthrough, demonstrating how the replica approach contains a hidden order parameter, and found a way to put the mathematics of the method on the right track. His method became a cornerstone of the physics of complex systems, despite its technical solution was proven to be exact by Michel Talagrand only twenty years later. Giorgio's fundamental discoveries about the structure of spin glasses were so deep that they not only infuenced physics, but also mathematics, biology, neuroscience, finance, climate science, machine learning, because all these fields include problems that may be directly related to frustration. An example of theoretical physics moving from abstract models to far distant practical problems, it is no chance that the other two recipients of the joint 2021 prize are climate scientists, to the point that the Guardian titled straightforwardly: Trio of scientists win Nobel prize in physics for climate work.
Giorgio is an exceptional character also, or maybe especially, from the human point of view. His kindness and generosity make him a special type of normal person; in real life he loves to invent fairy tales for kids, and to practice Latino and traditional Greek dancing. He is always open to new ideas and new exchanges, and over his career he collaborated with nearly 400 different coworkers. In my old research team at ENEA Rome, we had just a very brief collaboration with Parisi around 1998, on a computational problem of finding low auto-correlation binary sequences for telecom applications. To give you the best feeling of his insatiable curiosity and wide interests, spanning all fields of natural sciences, I wish to conclude with a couple of maybe less known papers by him.
In 1982, Parisi co-authored with R. Benzi, A. Sutera and A. Vulpiani, the pioneering study Stochastic resonance in climate change [Tellus, 34, 10-16]. The problem they faced was to explain the long-period oscillations between glacial stages in the Quaternary era. These appear with a period of about 100,000 years, next to minor events with shorter periodicity of 20 and 40,000 years. While energy-balance models succeed in explaining the shorter periodicities, no explanation was given for the longer period climate oscillations. Parisi and his friends applied their new concept of stochastic resonance to the whole Earth as a dynamical system. Stochastic resonance may occur in a system with two stable equilibria (e.g., a cold glacial state and a warm interglacial state) separated by a threshold. If a dynamical system behaves in a purely stochastic way, for example because of a noise perturbation, its power spectrum is continuous; if, however, a periodic forcing is added to the stochastic noise, a resonance peak can appear at some frequencies, which disappears if either the forcing or the perturbation is removed. In fact, the periodic force by itself cannot drive the system above the threshold, but the right combination of noise amplitude and periodic forcing can cause a transition. Parisi and coworkers identified the periodic forcing with a periodic variation of the solar constant. However, the model was admittedly too simple, in particular it produced symmetric (-t/+t) temporal oscillations, whereas climate oscillations have a more complex power spectrum. Today this paper is little cited by climate modelling specialists; eventually, however, the stochastic resonance idea has been extremely far-reaching, finding obvious applications in signal analysis and image filtering, but also in neuroscience, epidemiology, biological networks, and even in psychology (see the review by Gammaitoni et al. https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.70.223).
More recently, Giorgio proposed another very singular work, co-authored with A. Cavagna, A. Cimarelli, I. Giardina, R. Santagati, F. Stefanini and M. Viale, Scale-free correlations in starling flocks [PNAS 107 (26), 11865 (2010)]. For several days during the winters of 2005-2007, they climbed on the roof of Palazzo Massimo, seat of the Roman National Museum in the city center of Rome, to study one of the major roosting sites used by starlings. These birds spend the day feeding in the countryside and come back to the roost in the evening, about 1 h before sunset. Before settling on the trees for the night, starlings gather in flocks of various sizes and perform what is called "aerial display", an apparently purposeless dance in which large flocks move and swirl in a remarkably beautiful way. By using stereometric digital photogrammetry and computer vision techniques, they reconstructed the individual 3D positions and velocities of many flocking events. In many physical phenomena, the correlation length is larger than the range of the interaction, because of non-linear effects; however, in most practical cases, the correlation length is also smaller than the size of the system, for example in magnetic crystals far from the critical point, or in bacterial swarms. In this case, parts of the group that are separated by a distance larger than the correlation length are independent from each other. What they measured, instead, was that in the case of starling flocks the correlation length can be as large as the entire group, no matter the group size, a signature of scale-free correlations: the flock cannot be divided into independent subparts, because the behavioral change of one bird influences, and is influenced by, the behavioral change of all other individuals in the group. Such a surprising result, obtained by applying quite simple statistical mechanics calculations, implies that two birds 1 m apart in a 10-m-wide flock, are as strongly correlated as two birds 10 m apart in a 100-m-wide flock. Moreover, they found that not only changes in direction are correlated within the flock, but also changes in velocity; this is a much stiffer correlation, since for an animal it is more energy-costly to change velocity than merely changing direction, and implies that information propagates through the flock practically undamped. How starlings can achieve such a strong correlation remains a mystery. Parisi hinted that the origin of such scale-free response could be in some kind of "criticality" hardwired into birds' behavior, for example a critical value of noise as random deviation from the coordination, a suggestion potentially far reaching into behavioral sciences to give a quantitative foundation to the metaphor of a "collective mind".
The dark, long corridor at the second floor of the Marconi building finally has its crown.
Fibonacci or Turing: which one you trust better?
The breaking of our Liberties
Magister ludi and the Glasperlenspiel
One year of Webb
Wild patterns and thinking machines
Last boy standing


Because of our experience in representing victims of abuse and neglect in Georgia and South Carolina nursing homes, we are often asked which facilities provide better care. Our response has been that locally owned and operated nursing homes seem to provide better care for their residents. Our opinion has been based primarily upon the fact that we receive fewer calls from families complaining about locally owned and operated nursing homes than we receive from families complaining about facilities which are owned and operated by large corporations. Our opinion about the difference in quality of care can be traced back to the late 1990s. Beginning around 1998, there was a movement by corporations to purchase locally owned and operated nursing homes (so-called "mom and pop facilities") in an effort to increase corporate profits. This resulted in the formation of several large nursing home chains that owned and operated approximately two thousand nursing homes across the United States. Around the same time, Congress reduced the level of benefits paid to nursing homes for some services, which cut into corporate profits. Rather than cutting back on administrative expenses and corporate perks, these large nursing home chains began to cut staff in an effort to boost profits. Consequently, we observed a corresponding decrease in the quality of care being rendered to nursing home residents.
Until recently, there were no significant studies to substantiate our opinion that locally owned and operating nursing homes provided better care than that provided by larger corporate chains. Now, an important study by the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) has confirmed what we observed and suspected all along. The largest for-profit chains provide worse care in their nursing homes than that which is provided by non-profit and government-owned nursing homes. The fact that reduced staffing was cited by the study as the reason for the decreased quality of care came as no surprise to those of us who have been fighting nursing homes on behalf of victims of abuse and neglect. According to the author of the report, Charlene Harrington, a Professor at the UCSF School of Nursing, the ten largest nursing home chains strategically attempt to boost profits by reducing labor costs (i.e. staffing).
There are Federal and State regulations which govern the provision of services in nursing homes. When facilities fail to follow these regulations, they are cited for deficiencies. The UCSF study found that the largest nursing home chains received citations for up to 41% more deficiencies than the best non-profit and government-owned facilities. The cited deficiencies included failure to prevent pressure sores, falls, weight loss, infections, and other conditions that can result in serious harm to nursing home residents. Regrettably, until these large nursing home chains stop putting profits ahead of people, the lower quality of care will likely continue.
Harrington, C., "Low Staffing and Poor Quality of Care at Nation's For-Profit Nursing Homes." UCSF Today, November 29, 2011.


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This week we are answering Brandon Reidy's question from Week 41: Do you feed the tank in the same spot everyday or mix it up? Do you spread the food over the entire length of the tank? We'll touch on a few different techniques of feeding your tank, some popular tools to do so, and finish with a few quick tips to help make feeding your tank a bit easier.


Posted on February 2, 2012 February 2, 2012 by Mark Wagner, Ph.D.
Brought you by the EdTechTeam, this unique professional development event for educators offers hands-on experience with Google's fast intuitive Chromebooks, inspirational ideas for using Google Apps (and Chrome Web Apps) in education, and tips for getting started with advanced topics such as apps scripting or hosting your own instructional channel on YouTube – all in a spectacular setting. Registration is open for the introductory first day, the advanced second day, or both days. Best of all, everything you learn during the workshop can be implemented right away for FREE, with or without Chromebooks.
Naturally, we'd love it if you share this with your colleagues in the area (or who might be interested in traveling to the event for that matter). And, of course, I'd be happy to answer any questions about what we have planned.


This post is sponsored by Spielgaben- check out their amazing manipulative set!
We've kicked off the new school year! This year, I am teaching grades 6, 3 and kindergarten (with a little bit of freedom in defining exactly what those grade levels mean- thank goodness for homeschooled freedom and the ability to have a third grader working a level ahead in language arts, and a level behind in math!). We've added an awesome tool to our homeschool line up this year- a Spielgaben set, which is basically all the coolest manipulatives and learning tools a homeschool mom could desire, all together in a wooden box.
The other day, we were talking about fractions. I had been wasting time on Facebook (surprise surprise) and was cracking up at a video of a poor gal trying to answer a question about what fraction of a pizza she could eat (Language warning- also, I feel kind of bad for her. I'm hoping she was joking and the boyfriend isn't really that mean). Doodle, after asking me what was so funny and listening to me explain the pizza problem, didn't quite understand the issue with her answer and it led us to the table to learn a little more about fractions and how they work.
Bug (being the kind of bossy helpful older brother he is) whipped out the dry erase boards to try and explain to Doodle how objects can be cut into pieces to make fractions and how those fractions can be added together.
We brought out the Spielgaben set to help illustrate. It doesn't matter the shape of an object- anything can be broken down into a fraction. All you need to do is cut them into equal sized pieces!
The boys did some basic problems by building shapes, and then breaking them down into fractions, and adding them back up together. Pulling the shape apart and reassembling it helped Doodle figure out exactly how fractions worked.
After playing with the blocks and various shapes for a while, I decided to pull out some paper and see just how well the lesson was sticking. Doodle understood completely how he could put the various pieces together to make a large shape, and was able to tell me what fraction it represented (four triangles to make a square would be 4/4. Just one of those triangles was 1/4 of a square).
I cut out some basic shapes for him (a triangle, a square, and a circle) and then handed him a pair of scissors and asked him to first cut the shape in half and tell me what fractions those shapes represented. In this case, he cut a triangle in half and was able to tell me that 1/2 a triangle plus 1/2 a triangle was one whole triangle.
Then, I handed him the scissors and asked him to cut each half in half again. Then, he had to tell me what fractions he had now. He discovered that 1/2 a triangle cut in half created 1/4 of a triangle.
Finally, I had him reassemble the pieces he cut apart to create whole shapes again and then write out the equation for me. For the above picture, he was able to write down that 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 = 1/4= 4/4 (which I explained he could reduce to 1).
Lastly, I challenged Doodle to build me fraction equations using the Spielgaben pieces. For the picture above, he was supposed to create 2/6 + 2/6 + 2/6. I thought he did a great job figuring out what pieces he needed to make a six-part shape, and then choosing two of each color to represent the 2/6 fraction.
I am so proud of the kids and how well they worked together on their fractions. In the hour we spent playing with their Spielgaben set, they learned so much more than I could have taught them with a worksheet, and it was SO much more fun!
Math (especially in the early grades) is so much more fun with manipulatives. If you are looking for a set that covers just about everything, stop by Spielgaben and see what they have to offer!
There are amount of fraction rules and If students simply try to memorize these rules without knowing where they came from, the rules will probably seem like a meaningless jungle. Instead of merely presenting a rule, there is a better way that is to use visual models or manipulatives during the study of fraction arithmetic. Thanks for explaining it. I loved the post.


L1-L4 Zajak St, West Baraboo, WI 53913 - There are over 8 acres of prime land that can be purchased as a whole or available as separate lots. (Already divided) Great investment property as it is near the UW Baraboo Extension office and many other businesses, however it is secluded for you to build your dream home. You could use the entire 8 acres or sell off 2 acre lots and help pay for your new home. Easy access from both Terry Town and Zajek Street. Site plan also includes Parcel #'s 191-0003-0200, 191-0003-00205, 191-002-31200.


The system, one of the many NFC RFID products and services that the company offers, is designed to encode a reel of passive tags at a rate of up to five inlays per second.
Encoding Near Field Communication (NFC) RFID tags can be a time-consuming task, especially for commercial printers and other companies that do not typically sell NFC-enabled products in large volumes. Such businesses often send their tags or labels to NFC service providers, such as GoToTags, which will encode the tags for a vendor prior to shipping them to its customers. Now, GoToTags is marketing a solution consisting of its own encoding software, known as NFC Encoder, and a reel-to-reel RFID tag encoder that makes the process easier and less expensive for both small and large users, as well as for NFC tag providers. The company claims the reel-to-reel solution can encode tags at a rate of up five per second.
GoToTags initially developed the software, and then the reader, for its own purposes over the course of the past two years, according to Craig Tadlock, the CEO of Wireless Sensor Technologies, GoToTags' Seattle-based parent company. GoToTags encodes NFC tags in quantities ranging from as few as five tags to orders numbering in the millions. While ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) RFID tags can be encoded rather quickly, NFC tags take much longer to encode since the tag needs to be very close to the printer antenna and very precisely oriented on a roll, and since only about two tags can be within read range of the device at any given time to be properly encoded. In some cases, a user might purchase an RFID printer-encoder to accomplish this task, while others might prefer to employ their own NFC-enabled mobile phones. But that process can take a while, Tadlock says, adding that GoToTags was able to encode approximately 1,000 tags within only two hours using an Android NFC-enabled phone.
To make encoding faster, GoToTags created its own software solution that can enable the encoding of tags with a standard NFC RFID encoder-printer when the device reads as many as four tags simultaneously—something other encoding software packages typically cannot do. The company then determined that if its clients (commercial printers, for example, or manufacturers of such products as wristbands) could use the same software, they could accomplish the encoding onsite and then ship the products directly to their customers. GoToTags made the software available from its cloud-based server, and its clients could be billed for using the software rather than having to buy it outright. In that way, the company explains, if only a small quantity of tags were encoded, the customers would be billed accordingly, amounting to a charge of only $5 or $13, for instance.
GoToTags found that when it needed to fulfill large orders for encoded NFC tags, it required even greater speed. Its engineers thus developed a reel-to-reel encoder, and determined that it could meet large orders even more quickly. For example, Tadlock says, a single reel-to-reel device could encode about 10,000 tags in around 35 minutes, including the time that personnel spent setting up the rolls. He speculates that the encoder might be capable of completing the task even faster than that, though he prefers not to push it. "If we reach a high enough speed," he explains, "there's a concern that we could break the inlay." On the other hand, the more data that needs to be written, the more the time required for encoding will increase.
One feature enabling the device to move quickly is a design allowing the encoder to automate the reel speed so that tags move at a constant rate across the reader antenna. With a standard encoder, Tadlock explains, tag speed varies as the roll diameter changes, which limits how fast encoding can take place. To resolve this problem, GoToTags built a special motor that makes the tags move at a constant speed, no matter the roll's width.


The post about Home Cartoon was posted on November 15, 2018 at 5:51 am. This article is published on the Home category. Home Cartoon is labelled with Home Cartoon, Home, Cartoon..
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text:
Tech Mobile
Qualcomm makes case to appeals court that it didn't hurt competition
The company argues before the Ninth Circuit panel of three judges.
Shara Tibken
Feb. 13, 2020 11:04 a.m. PT
Shara Tibken Former managing editor
Shara Tibken was a managing editor at CNET News, overseeing a team covering tech policy, EU tech, mobile and the digital divide. She previously covered mobile as a senior reporter at CNET and also wrote for Dow Jones Newswires and The Wall Street Journal. Shara is a native Midwesterner who still prefers "pop" over "soda."
The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco is considering Qualcomm's case.
Qualcomm is back in a courtroom, this time making the case for why it didn't hurt competition in the smartphone chip business.
The company, represented by attorney Thomas Goldstein of the firm Goldstein & Russell, on Thursday appeared before the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in downtown San Francisco. Qualcomm is hoping the appeals court will overturn a ruling by a district court judge that declared it to be a monopoly and ordered it to renegotiate its licensing contracts.
Qualcomm during the hearing didn't dispute that it has a monopoly in 3G and 4G LTE chips. But it maintains that it didn't wield that power to harm competition. "What has gone wrong in the competitive process?" Goldstein said. "The answer is nothing." He noted that Qualcomm's business practices could be an issue of contract violations but not an antitrust issue.
The US Federal Trade Commission, meanwhile, tried to make it clear how Qualcomm's "no license, no chip" policy undercut rivals and caused handset makers to shift business to Qualcomm. Brian Fletcher, an attorney who teaches at Stanford University, spoke for the FTC.
Now playing: Watch this: 5G made simple
He said Qualcomm is making it harder for competitors not because its policies have meant lower chip prices but "because it's demanding customers pay Qualcomm even when they decide to buy from rival suppliers."
The hearing is the latest twist in a legal saga that began three years ago when the FTC accused Qualcomm of operating a monopoly and forcing Apple and other customers to work with it exclusively. The FTC also accused the company of charging excessive licensing fees for its technology. As part of the district court's ruling, Qualcomm must submit compliance and monitoring reports for the next seven years and report to the FTC annually.
Thursday's hearing marks Qualcomm's attempt to have that ruling overturned. The three appeals court judges likely won't make a decision for three months to over a year as they weigh the evidence.
Whatever they decide could have big implications for the mobile industry and what our future phones look like. Qualcomm supplies modems to everyone from Apple to OnePlus, and its technology has been vital in helping the industry move quickly to 5G. Samsung's new Galaxy S20 phones and its Z Flip foldable, unveiled Tuesday, all use Qualcomm's processors. The FTC said Qualcomm's practices ultimately have caused higher smartphone pricing and have hurt consumers (though prices are unlikely to decline, even if the district court's ruling is upheld). Qualcomm said the current ruling and remedies would hurt the country's leadership position in 5G.
The court's process
The appeals court on Thursday included three judges: Consuelo M. Callahan, who was appointed by President George W. Bush; Johnnie B. Rawlinson, who was appointed by President Bill Clinton; and Stephen Murphy III, a Michigan district court judge who sometimes sits on the Ninth Circuit court.
Qualcomm-FTC lawsuit: Everything you need to know
Qualcomm is a monopoly, judge rules
Apple and Qualcomm settle: Here's what it means for your next iPhone
The proceedings were directed by whatever questions the judges had for the attorneys. Qualcomm had 20 minutes to answer questions, followed by the US Department of Justice taking five minutes to explain why it's supporting Qualcomm, and then the FTC had time to explain why the ruling should be upheld. The day ended with a rebuttal by Qualcomm.
At one point, Murphy said he was having a hard time keeping up with the FTC's arguments. And Rawlinson noted the case was a "challenging" one, indicating a ruling could take some time.
The judges' questions didn't seem to clearly indicate which way they're leaning. They pressed both sides with probing questions about the impact on the market. One area they focused on was whether Qualcomm's actions should be considered anticompetitive or capitalistic -- whether it was profiting because it hurt rivals or because it was really good at competing.
"Is there a conflating of profitable and anticompetitive?" Callahan asked Qualcomm attorney Goldstein. "Yes, that is exactly right," he said.
Chip monopoly?
As the world's biggest provider of mobile chips, Qualcomm created technology that's essential for connecting phones to cellular networks from 3G to the new 5G standard. The company derives a significant portion of its revenue from licensing those inventions to hundreds of smartphone makers, with the fee based on the value of the phone, not the components. If a device connects to a cellular network, Qualcomm likely wants a licensing fee from the handset maker. It doesn't provide licenses to rival chipmakers, arguing the patents are essential to the device itself, not just the components, and they're covered by its agreement with the handset makers.
In early 2017, the FTC filed a lawsuit accusing Qualcomm of maintaining a monopoly over chips for cellular phones through a "no license, no chips" policy. That policy imposed "onerous" supply and patent-licensing terms to extract high royalties from cellphone makers and weaken competitors, the commission said. In particular, Qualcomm's refusal to license its patents to rival chipmakers hurt competition, the FTC said.
Qualcomm's relationship with Apple, one of its biggest and most important customers, was key to the case, with the FTC arguing that Qualcomm forced Apple to use its chips exclusively in exchange for lower licensing fees. Apple at the same time sued Qualcomm over its patent licensing practices. The two companies reached a settlement in April, paving the way for Qualcomm to supply 5G modems for the next iPhone.
Callahan on Thursday questioned how much Qualcomm's practices could have hurt Apple.
"I think there should be an argument, who's the Goliath there?" Callahan said. "Apple's more of a Goliath than Qualcomm."
Duking it out
Qualcomm and the FTC, meanwhile, battled in a San Jose, California, court in January 2019. In May, US District Court Judge Lucy Koh ruled in the FTC's favor and declared Qualcomm to be a monopoly. She said Qualcomm must change how it does business and renegotiate license deals with its customers. Qualcomm must also submit compliance and monitoring reports for the next seven years and report to the FTC on an annual basis.
Two months later, Qualcomm officially asked the appeals court for permission to hold off on making the changes. It argued that carrying out the actions would "fundamentally change the way it has done business for decades." If the appeals court ultimately found in Qualcomm's favor, the chip giant said, the company wouldn't be able to undo the changes it had made. The Ninth Circuit in August sided with Qualcomm and said it didn't have to comply with the order until the case had made its way through the appeals process.
On Qualcomm's side is the DOJ, which argues Qualcomm is essential for making the US a leader in the race for 5G. In July, the DOJ -- in a rare and high-profile disagreement with the FTC -- filed an amicus brief with the Ninth Circuit, asking the judges to grant Qualcomm a reprieve. "The district court's ruling threatens competition, innovation and national security," the Justice Department said at the time.
"It's unprecedented for DOJ to openly oppose FTC, but that's what's happening here," Cowen analyst Paul Gallant noted. "DOJ's support could help Qualcomm here."
The judges on Thursday seemed skeptical about how much the remedies would actually hurt national security and the move to 5G. They pressed DOJ attorney Michael Murray for evidence of that (the attorney said if the case was sent back to district court, his agency would present more information) and questioned how the DOJ would recommend narrowing the remedies.
"Here the remedy expands to the 5G space even though that was not at issue in the trial," Murray said. He suggested that one way to make the remedies less harmful would be removing 5G from them.
Galaxy S20 shines in bright, pastel colors
Originally published Feb. 13, 11:04 a.m. PT
Update, 1:23 p.m. PT: Adds additional comments from the hearing.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Daniel Pedoe (1910-1998) est un mathématicien britannique auteur de plusieurs ouvrages concernant la géométrie algébrique, les cercles et les sangaku.

Liens externes

Mathématicien britannique du XXe siècle
Étudiant de Magdalene College (Cambridge)
Professeur à l'université de Birmingham
Professeur à l'université de Southampton
Professeur à l'université de Khartoum
Naissance en octobre 1910
Naissance à Londres
Décès en octobre 1998
Décès à 87 ans

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Free Cone Day has been happening each year at Ben & Jerry's around the country and beyond since 1979 and is still going on strong, with larger and larger crowds each year.
There are absolutely no strings attached to get your free cone and there's no purchase necessary. Ben & Jerry's does this promotion annually in the spring to show how much they love and support their customers.
Last year, Ben & Jerry's gave away over 1 million scoops!
Ben & Jerry's Free Cone Day 2019 is on Tuesday, April 9, 2019, from 12:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m.
This once a year event is held every year in the spring and anyone who stops in on Free Cone Day will get a free single scoop ice cream cone in their choice of flavor.
There's a limit of one cone per person but you are welcome to bring in everyone in the family to get their own free ice cream cone.
Most Ben & Jerry's stores participate in Free Cone Day each year, and you can easily check to see if your nearest location is taking part.
You can find out which Ben & Jerry's are participating in the Free Cone Day by visiting the Scoop Shop Locator. Enter your address or zip code and be sure to check the box before Participate Free Cone Day. Click the Search button and you'll see a list of Ben & Jerry's near you that are participating in Free Cone Day.
If in doubt, give your local scoop shop a call to see if they'll be giving out free cones this April.
Free Cone Day has quite an interesting history that's worth a read. It started at just one shop in 1979 and now has turned into an unofficial holiday each spring. Each year Ben & Jerry's supports a cause during their free cone day, and this year it's Justice ReMix'd.
If you're not sure what flavor you'd like to get on your free cone, Ben & Jerry's has a quiz that will help you choose a flavor. Answer 11 questions and you'll get a suggestion on a flavor you might like. You might also want to check out the top 10 Ben & Jerry's ice cream flavors to make a safe bet on trying something that you're going to love.
There are a few ways you can get social with Ben and Jerry's Free Cone Day. Ben and Jerry's have set up a Facebook event so you can RSVP to Free Cone Day and share the event with all your Facebook friends. You can also post all your Free Cone Day photos to Instagram with #FreeConeDay. Your photo might even be featured on the Ben & Jerry's website.
While you're in line, Ben & Jerry's has some suggestions on how to pass the time in line. The lines can get long on Free Cone Day but they move fast. Those scoop shop employees are all ready to get you your free ice cream and you'll walk out of there with a smile on your face.
Did you know this is just one of the times a year that you can get free ice cream? Pick some up some this year at Dairy Queen and Haagen-Dazs.


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Compare Rosebush, stateshort} Medigap insurance companies within minutes. Quote comparison is the best way to locate affordable Medicare Supplmental insurance in Rosebush. To begin enter your Zip Code and press "Compare Your Options". Our website will search for the best Medigap insurance carriers and providers in Isabella county. Finding the best coverage and low cost premium that fit your needs and budget can literally take you 20 minutes or less.
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Inflow and Infiltration (I&I) crews will be smoke testing the sanitary sewers starting in August, and lasting approximately six (6) to eight (8) weeks. Locations of smoke testing are planned for the northern and eastern side of the City encompassing the areas of East Hwy 32, Jefferson Ave, and North Hwy 5 to the City Limits. Please note, depending on weather conditions testing could take longer.
The purpose of these tests is to assure quality service to our customers, by locating breaks and defects in the sanitary sewer system which allows stormwater to enter into the system. Large quantities of stormwater in the sewers consume part of the pipe capacity needed to carry wastewater. This system overloading can cause adverse affects (ex. sewage backups, increased cost of wastewater treatment, infrastructure damage …etc.) to the entire sewer collection and treatment processes which can affect each homeowner.
Prior to testing, please make sure that traps for all basement floor drains, sink traps, and other plumbing fixtures are full of water by pouring approximately 24 ounces of water in each drain. The smoke should not enter into buildings unless leaks or plumbing defects exist. Also, if anyone knows any individuals with special needs and are located within the testing areas, please notify them of the smoke testing or call the City at the below listed numbers.
Please notify the field technicians who are conducting the test should smoke enter your building at the time of the smoke testing or call the numbers listed below. Should you detect smoke, due to smoke testing, ventilate the room/s or building through open window/s or door/s. Leave the area and ventilate well to dissipate the smoke. Acute exposure can cause irritation of the respiratory system. Individuals are urged not to accept exposures that cause irritation.
Should you have any further questions, please contact Dax Cogdill at Public Works by calling (417) 588-6090 ext. 1012 or call City Hall at (417) 532-2156. Thank you for your cooperation as we work to successfully complete this important effort; it is greatly appreciated.


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DrugNews
Prescription DrugsMedical DevicesLegal OptionsNews
Actemra
Eliquis
Onglyza
Tasigna
3T Heater-Cooler
Breast Implant Cancer
Depuy Hip
Depuy Synthes Knee
Epipen Failure
Hip Implants (Metal)
Heartmate II
Stryker Hip
Surgical Staples
Zimmer Shoulder Implant
Legal options
3M Defective Earplugs
Concerta & Suicide
Essure Complications
Heater-Cooler Infection
Incretin Drugs
Metal Hip Revisions
Monsanto Roundup & Cancer
Pradaxa Internal Bleeding
Xarelto Internal Bleeding
Defective Pump
Victim CompensationDevice FailureRecallHeartMate Lawyers
HeartMate II Heart Pump Lawsuits
Device recalled after links to multiple patient injuries and deaths.
Did your HeartMate II device fail or cause you side effects?
Free case review 
The HeartMate is a small implanted heart pump, also known as a left ventricular assist device (LVAD), that is used to help pump blood in those with heart failure or weakened hearts.
Litigation update
What is the HeartMate II LVAD?
The system consists of an internal pump that is connected to an external unit containing batteries and controls.
The HeartMate II device, which can cost as much as $330,000 with implantation, has become the most widely used heart pump in the world, with nearly 29,000 devices sold. It was originally approved in 2008 as a temporary treatment for those awaiting heart transplant surgery. However, in 2010 the FDA approved it for permanent use in those who can't undergo a transplant.
HeartMate II Recall
On March 29, 2017, Abbott Laboratories issued a product alert affecting 28,882 HeartMate II controllers worldwide, after receiving at least 70 reports of the devices malfunctioning while patients attempted to change the battery controller at home.
Of the reported cases, 26 resulted in patient death and 19 involved serious injury. However, experts believe this may only represent a small percentage of the actual number of patients affected.
On May 23, 2017, the FDA classified the alert as a Class I recall, the agency's most serious designation for those products that pose life-threatening danger to consumers.
1. Why are patients filing lawsuits against the maker of HeartMate II?
The initial maker of the HeartMate II device, Thoratec, was bought by St. Jude Medical in 2015, and then by Abbott Laboratories in January 2017. Regardless, the companies have continued selling the device for nearly a decade despite numerous patient deaths, a prior recall, and safety warnings by independent researchers and the FDA.
Thoratec was first warned by the FDA in 2012 for failing to disclose patient deaths linked to their HeartMate II devices, and for not notifying the public of the defects causing those deaths.
That same year, the company first recalled the Heartmate II due to mechanical failures that could cause internal bleeding, reduced pump flow and the worsening of heart failure. However, they continued selling the devices.
A 2014 study from The Cleveland Clinic uncovered severe risks of blood clots associated with the HeartMate II LVAD. However, warnings weren't issued for more than a year afterward.
Finally, the manufacturer knew of rising patient deaths from issues switching controllers as early as 2014. And, although the FDA has designated the latest action a Class I Recall, the manufacturer insists it is only a "communication" issue with physicians.
Lawyers believe the company is liable to those affected by injury or death from malfunctioning HeartMate devices due to their failure to properly warn or protect patients.
2. Which patients qualify for a HeartMate II lawsuit?
The current HeartMate recall affects heart pumps with model numbers 105109, 106015, 106762 or 107801 manufactured from July 2012 to December 2016.
However, since most patients don't know which model they received, all of those who were implanted with a HeartMate II LVAD are urged to learn if their system is affected.
If you or a family member suffered device failure, worsening of heart condition, injury or death due to a malfunctioning HeartMate II device, you may qualify for substantial compensation. It is important to speak with a lawyer about your legal options.
3. Are other LVADs at risk?
Since the HeartMate LVAD is the smallest and most lightweight ventricle assist device on the market, it is the most widely used. However, other models, such as the HeartWare from Medtronic, are also used in thousands of patients.
The HeartWare VADs have been hit with their own recalls in the past due to problems such as moisture leaks. However, they are not included in the current FDA recall for dangers associated with switching controllers.
4. Does it cost anything to file a HeartMate lawsuit?
The process for investigating whether you qualify for a lawsuit is simple and it costs nothing to file a claim unless you receive compensation.
By contacting DrugNews, you can speak with a lawyer today who can ask some preliminary questions to determine if your case should be investigated further. If you decide to retain a lawyer, they will then gather your medical records and appear at all necessary events to file your case.
Your case will be handled on a contingency fee basis, meaning your lawyer only receives payment if you do. Also, they will cover all cases costs up front, and you aren't responsible for them unless you receive an award.
5. How much are Heartmate II lawsuits worth?
Every lawsuit has a different value based on the patient's age, medical condition and future treatment needs. Also, the death of a patient can substantially increase the level of damages sought in the lawsuit.
The first lawsuit filed over the death of a HeartMate patient was settled in 2013 for an undisclosed amount. So far, there have been no publicized trial verdicts or settlements for HeartMate cases that would give an average value. However, lawyers expect these cases will seek damages well into the hundreds of thousands of dollars for injury, or into the millions in the event of a patient death.
A Detailed Look
Abbott & HeartMate II Lawsuits
Bush v. Thoratec, (U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana)
In what is believed to be the first case filed over the death of a HeartMate II patient, a Louisiana widow sued Thoratec after her husband died from malfunctions suffered while he attempted to change his device controller.
Pete Bush received his HeartMate II LVAD in 2008 and he and his wife were instructed about how to replace the controller in the event of an emergency. Upon hearing multiple alarms from the device one evening in 2012, they attempted to switch controls while seeking the assistance of a nurse. Tragically, however, Pete died from device malfunction in the process.
The lawsuit, originally filed in a Louisiana State Court, was transferred to federal court in 2013 and settled the day before trial was scheduled to begin.
Thoratec Investor Class Action Lawsuit - Cooper, et al v. Thoratec Corporation, Case 3:14-cv-00360, U.S. District Court, Northern District California - January 24, 2014
This class action lawsuit, filed in 2014 on behalf of investors of Thoratec, claimed that the company gave false and misleading information to both medical providers and shareholders regarding the safety of the HeartMate II device.
The case alleged that reports of severe blood clot risks from the device, which were not reported by Thoratec, resulted in decreased value to investors.
Schmidt v. Abbott Laboratories (Missouri Circuit Court, St. Louis)
This case, one of more than 700 filed against Abbott alleging birth defects from their anti-seizure drug Depakote, was filed by the family of a 12-year-old girl afflicted with spina bifida after her mother used the drug during pregnancy.
In 2015, a St. Louis jury awarded the family a combined $38 million in damages on the basis that Abbott didn't properly warn her mother or her doctor about the birth defect dangers associated with the drug.
United States v. Abbott Laboratories
In 2012, Abbott Laboratories pled guilty to criminal charges of illegal promotion of its anti-seizure drug Depakote for unapproved uses, and agreed to pay $1.5 billion in fines and penalties as a result.
The settlement concluded a multi-year investigation and charges filed by the Justice Department over the company's practices.
HeartMate Lawsuit Update
HeartMate II lawsuit update timeline.
FDA grants premarket approval for Heartmate II to be used temporarily as a bridge-to-transplantation for patients awaiting heart transplant.
FDA grants approval for Heartmate II to be used as destination therapy, or a permanent solution for those with weakened heart function.
FDA warns HeartMate II manufacturer Thoratec of failing to disclose malfunctions in the product that contributed to a patient's death.
The FDA announces a recall by Thoratec of the Heartmate II due to 29 reports that the sealed outflow graft bend may become unattached, causing increased risks of bleeding, reduced blood flow, and aggravation of heart failure.
Cleveland Clinic study published in New England Journal of Medicine notes an alarming increased trend in the number of blood clots occurring with patients fitted with Heartmate II devices.
Thoratec issues instructions for added training and label changes after reports show increased number of injuries and deaths while patients change from primary LVAD controller to the alternate controller.
FDA issues an alert for doctors and those implanted with LVAD pumps based on an increased risk of blood clots occurring within the device, as well as increased risk of internal bleeding.
Abbott issues a warning to doctors covering the nearly 29,000 HeartMate II devices implanted worldwide after more than 70 reports indicate the pumps malfunctioned while patients tried to switch controller units. Among the cases are 26 patient deaths and 19 severe injuries caused by device failure.
The FDA re-classifies Abbott's product warning as a Class I recall, based on the potential for the device failures to cause serious injury or death. Abbott, however, insists the issue only involves communication issues with doctors.
Those who've suffered heart injury or lost a loved one as a result of a defective heart pump face the added realization that the product they entrusted with their life failed them in their time of need.
It's important that those affected not face the expense of future treatment or burden of this loss without help from the company responsible for their situation. It is here that lawyers act on your behalf to find who is at fault and seek proper compensation.
However, beyond a few names from TV commercials, most people don't know which lawyer is best to handle their case.
Cases like these for defective medical devices are unlike most others, and are often handled away from where you live. A few important things to consider are the lawyer's experience, resources and involvement in similar cases.
HeartMate Lawyers
First, you obviously want a lawyer or law firm with significant experience handling cases similar to yours. When damages reach into the millions of dollars, you want to make sure your lawyer is familiar with the science, technology and medical terms associated with your defective device and your injury.
Next, because these cases are fought against multi-billion dollar companies, you want to make sure your lawyer has the resources to finish your case when faced with unforeseen challenges. Even though your lawyer may be located in a different state, they should be able to come to you to meet, travel to all necessary events on your behalf, and cover all costs in advance.
Finally, it is important to ask if your lawyer is handling hundreds of cases similar to yours, or only a few. Medical device manufacturers will know which law firms are the biggest threat based on the number of cases they are handling. This can make a difference in how much you receive in a potential settlement, and how long it takes for the manufacturer to look at your case.
DrugNews works only with law firms that dedicate their practice to defective drug and medical device lawsuits, and have handled thousands of these highly specialized and valuable cases.
Contact us today to get more information on the current warnings, recalls and litigation surrounding LVAD heart pumps, and to talk directly with a lawyer at no cost.
FDA Safety Communication. HeartMate II LVAS Pocket System Controller by Abbott-Thoratec: Class I Recall - Due to Risk of Patient Injury and/or Death during Backup Controller Exchange. (May 23, 2017).
Retrieved from www.fda.gov
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Home/Journalists/Valerie Jarrett daughter, Laura Jarrett's Wiki: CNN, Wedding, Age, Parents, Ethnicity, Education
Valerie Jarrett daughter, Laura Jarrett's Wiki: CNN, Wedding, Age, Parents, Ethnicity, Education
1 Who is Laura Jarrett?
2 Laura Jarrett's Early Life
3 Laura Jarrett's Career
4 Laura Jarrett's Net Worth
5 Laura Jarrett's Personal Life
6 Laura Jarrett's Husband
7 Laura Jarrett Controversy
Who is Laura Jarrett?
Laura Jett, born on the 29th of October 1985, is an American lawyer and journalist, based in Washington D.C., who became known for her work on the international news network CNN, reporting on the US Justice Department. She is the daughter of Valerie Jarrett, who made headlines in 2018 after she was called an ape by actress Roseanne Barr.
Laura and Valerie Jarrett. They look alike
Posted by Raising Biracial & Multicultural Children on Friday, July 25, 2014
Laura Jarrett's Early Life
Jarrett came from a very prominent and political family, of European and African-American descent. Her mother Valerie Jarrett is a businesswoman and former politician, who served as a senior advisor to former US President Barack Obama. Her father is William Jarrett, who is a doctor. She is the granddaughter of Vernon Jarrett, a columnist for the Chicago Sun-Times. Unfortunately, Jarrett's parents divorced when she was just three years old, having been married only since 1983.
Jarrett attended the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools when she was in high school, and later Harvard Law School, where she was an Articles Selection co-chair, an Article Editor, and a Technical Editor for the Harvard Journal of Law and Gender. She also published her own articles on the intersection of gender, violence and the law. She graduated in 2010.
In November 1993 Jarrett's father passed away at the age of 40, when he was director of obstetrics and gynecology at Jackson Park Hospital. Her mother, on the other hand, chose to remain single and didn't marry again, dedicating her life to public service, and became known as one of the prominent persons on the team of the Obama Administration.
Laura Jarrett's Career
Jarrett's career started right after graduation, being admitted to practice law in both the state and federal court of Illinois, having served the Honorable Rebecca Pallmeyer on the Northern District of Illinois as a judicial law clerk. She also worked for the Honorable Ann C. Williams on the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals.
"This never happens. You never see Justice Roberts speak out like this," CNN's @LauraAJarrett says. "Attacks on judges aren't new. The fact that Roberts actually hit back, I think, is the part that's fascinating." https://t.co/4oogztkg1y pic.twitter.com/0xLDeTWGkR
— The Situation Room (@CNNSitRoom) November 21, 2018
Jarrett used her law degree as a litigation attorney in Chicago, Illinois. While she was working in private practice, Jarrett used her time defending companies and individuals in government investigations brought by the Justice Department and Securities and Exchange Commission. She also used some of her time working on pro bono cases, but mostly worked on representing sex trafficking victims. Her years practicing law helped establish her career as well as her net worth.
In 2016, Jarrett decided to become a news reporter, and now works with international news network, CNN as a justice reporter for the network, covering various news and events of the US Justice Department, currently based in Washington D.C. Her service at CNN also helped in immensely increasing her wealth.
Laura Jarrett's Net Worth
As of 2018 and based on authoritative sources, Jarrett's net worth is reported to be over $1 million, acquired from her years working as a lawyer and as a journalist at CNN.
Laura Jarrett's Personal Life
In terms of her personal life, Jarrett is married to her college sweetheart, Tony Balkissoon, also a lawyer. The two tied the knot in Chicago in 2012, in a service attended by 280 people, including not only family and friends, but some of the most prominent names in politics and business including administration advisor Vernon Jordan, Ariel Investments CEO John Rogers Jr., and Attorney General Eric Holder. Their wedding caused a little bit of a scene, when former President Barack Obama along with his family, walked from their home in Kenwood straight to the venue of the wedding, causing the block to be shut down.
The two don't have any children, and are currently residing in Washington D.C. due to Jarrett's work for CNN.
Laura Jarrett's Husband
Jarrett's husband is Tony Balkissoon, who she met in college during her time at Harvard Law, the son of Bas Balkissoon, a former Legislative Assembly of Ontario member.
Laura Jarrett Controversy
In 2018, Jarrett with her mother Valerie, were caught in controversy. Actress and star of the sitcom "Rosanne", Roseann Bar made a tweet in May comparing Valerie Jarrett to an ape. The star has since apologized publicly, but the incident resulted in her show being cancelled.
Here.we.go. #Aprils50 🎂
A post shared by Laura Jarrett (@laurajcnn) on Sep 15, 2017 at 5:30pm PDT
Valerie Jarrett also responded to the controversy in the show "Everyday Racism" on MSNBC, and said that such an event should be turned into a teaching moment. On another interview in the show "The View", Valerie also shared that there are larger issues that keeps her up at night other than this one with Barr. Laura, on the other hand, chose not to respond, and kept her silence.
Mary Hawkins says:
In regards to Laura Jarrett, I am asking where she has been on the news shoes that she has been absent of late from CNN? Is she still working for CNN or something?
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Summers in Oklahoma City, OK are way too hot to not have a working air conditioner. If your AC stopped working, you need an HVAC contractor right away. Thankfully, KT Wellman Heat and Air, LLC can be on the job in a flash. Call 405-990-2818 today to schedule services in Oklahoma City, OK.
Do any of these sound familiar? If so, it's time to call in the pros at KT Wellman Heat and Air.
Call 405-990-2818 today to make an appointment with an experienced HVAC contractor in Oklahoma City, OK.


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Maps of Treaty-Making in Canada
Pre-1975 Treaties of Canada
Source: AANDC
The process of dealing with Aboriginal title and rights through formal agreements began shortly after contact was established between Europeans and First Nations peoples and has evolved over more than 300 years.
In this section, view maps illustrating the Pre-1975 Treaties of Canada, that were negotiated between 1725 and 1923. These treaties cover most of Ontario, the Prairie Provinces, parts of Vancouver Island, Northwest Territories and Atlantic Canada.
Pre-1975 Treaties of Canada (PDF, 1.58 Mb)
Map illustrating the Pre-1975 Treaties of Canada
Map of Canada in 1871 (PDF, 1.62 Mb)
Treaty No. 5. This treaty originated in two historical processes. The southern part, negotiated in 1875, was one of the southern Prairie treaties, and was in large part a result of the insistence of the Native people of that region that their Aboriginal rights be recognized by the Canadian government, which had recently acquired title to their lands. The northern part of Treaty 5 was negotiated in 1908.
Treaty No. 3. After three years of negotiations, the Dominion of Canada and the Saulteaux tribe of Ojibway Indians entered into treaty at the North-West Angle of the Lake of the Woods. With the Saulteaux surrendering title to an area of 14,245,000 hectares, Canada acquired land for agriculture, settlement and mineral discovery. More importantly, Canada secured communications with the North-West Territories, including the route of the future Canadian Pacific Railway.
In 1873, Prince Edward Island enters Confederation, bringing the number of provinces in the Dominion to seven.
Map showing Treaty No. 3
Map of part of the Dominion of Canada showing Treaty No. 3.
Treaty No. 4. Initiated by Indians and Métis concerned about the declining numbers of animals which provided them with a living. Treaty 4 covers present-day southern Saskatchewan. Provisional boundary set in northern Ontario.
Treaty No. 6 - The negotiation of this treaty took place during a difficult period for the Plains Cree, who were suffering from the rapid decline of the buffalo. The documents indicate that their concerns included medical care and relief in case of need.
Treaty No. 7. The last of the numbered treaties negotiated and signed during the 1870s. The treaty covers the southern part of present-day Alberta.
Treaty No. 8 area
Map showing the territory ceded under Treaty No. 8 and the Indian tribes.
Treaty No. 8. The first of the northern treaties covered an area of 324,900 sq miles and represents the most geographically extensive treaty activity undertaken. It comprises what is now the northern half of Alberta, the northeast quarter of British Columbia, the northwest corner of Saskatchewan, and the area south of Hay River and Great Slave Lake in the Northwest Territories.
Treaty No. 9. In response to continuous petitions from the Cree and Ojibwa people of northern Ontario, and in keeping with its policy of paving the way for settlement and development, the federal government in 1905-1906 negotiated Treaty 9, also known as the James Bay Treaty. For the first and only time, a provincial government took an active role in negotiations. Together with the area acquired by adhesions in 1929-1930, Treaty 9 covers almost two-thirds of the are that became northern Ontario.
In 1905, the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan are created.
Treaty No. 10 covers 220,000 square kilometres of northern Saskatchewan and Alberta. Unlike the land in southern Saskatchewan, the Treaty 10 lands were deemed unsuitable for agriculture and so the federal government did not respond to demands from the region's Native people for a treaty until the early 20th century, when the mixed-blood people of northern Saskatchewan began to demand compensation for loss of Aboriginal rights and the Provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta had been created.
Treaty No. 11 was the last of the numbered treaties covers most of the Mackenzie District . The land in the area was deemed unsuitable for agriculture, so the federal government was reluctant to conclude treaties. Immediately following the discovery of oil at Fort Norman in 1920, however, the government moved to begin treaty negotiations.
Williams Treaties. Treaty-making activities along the north shore of Lake Ontario in 1783-84, variously known as the Toronto Purchase, the Carrying Place Purchase, the Crawford Purchases and the Gunshot Treaty, produced lingering uncertainties that are resolved in large part by the Chippewa and Mississauga Agreements negotiated in 1923.


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Our commitment has always been aimed at finding innovative solutions to improve the performance and enhance the quality of our systems.
This business philosophy brought OPEM to the highest levels of technology, capable of meeting the production developments the market demands, while maintaining detailed attention to its products.
OPEM S.P.A has its roots in the area of Parma, and from there has taken off towards international markets. Founded by Fabio Binacchi in 1974, OPEM's history is that of a family-run small-size company. It all started with the purchase of a pasta business: this has laid the foundations of the future Opem.
In the beginning years there are only ten employees and the coffee market is still far away on the horizon, but requests for new weighing and packaging machines keep on coming and this brings the company to study and design new systems that can be used also in different sectors. Binacchi starts working for third parties and becomes interested in packaging not only pasta and biscuits (which has never been completely abandoned), but also coffee.
In the Eighties OPEM works with important customers such as Barilla and Kimbo, and over the years it expands its horizon also abroad, as many companies choose to rely on Opem. The arrival of pods and capsules in a rapidly booming market gives the company the opportunity to growth and expand, thanks to foresight and the production of very flexible systems that can be customized to meet many customers' requests.
In 1984, the company moves to Parma's industrial area, and employs 105 workers.
After more than three years of construction, in September 2014 Opem Spa new plant is inaugurated in Parma's industrial area. This sends a clear message of continuity and confidence in the company's know-how and speaks of its great openness towards the future.
MACHINE FOR NESPRESSO® COMPATIBLE CAPSULES 1100 PPM COMPANY "KRAFT"


In the U.S. context, we often hear laments about the decline of Christianity, how younger generations are walking away from faith and about our culture's increasing embrace of immorality. If we hear such stories of doom and gloom enough, perhaps we start to believe them. But what if there's more to the story?
Jesus Broke the Law. Hallelujah!
The top religious advisor to President Donald Trump defended his policies on detaining immigrant children, claiming Jesus never broke the law. Rather than an aberration, Paula White, the Florida megachurch "prosperity gospel" preacher, demonstrated the feel-good theology of too many Americans that prioritizes order over morality.
In May, I trekked to North East India on a trip in partnership between Word&Way, Future Leadership Foundation and Transforming Leaders in Asia Ministries. My first trip to India, I enjoyed meeting Baptists there and learning about their culture and ministry context. I also learned a bit about driving in India.
On occasion, I write short devotionals for other publications. What could be a better, more blessed way to start your day than in prayer and with a few brilliant words from me? (Don't answer that.) The practice of writing such devotions is a spiritual exercise as I prayerfully consider the assigned texts in hopes of helping people experience God as they pause for a few minutes of meditation.
The forced resignation of Patrick Conroy as chaplain for the U.S. House of Representatives quickly sparked questions and concerns about the intermingling of religion and politics. Some lawmakers believe Speaker Paul Ryan pushed out Conroy because of a prayer Ryan saw as too political. But that raises an important question: Can prayer actually be apolitical?
On Christmas Eve of 2016, the military of Myanmar detained two Baptist pastors. We've reported updates about their story in various issues of Word&Way. I'll briefly review the story, but please stay with this column because I have a special request on how we can encourage our brothers who remain in prison.
Each weekday as I drop my son off for school, my last words to him as he grabs his backpack and hurries out of the car are "I love you!" I hope those words can carry him through his day. There are some days I want to also grab him, hug him and say those words over and over.