text:
Did you mean? Oscan Poetry A Poetics
Blackbird song —Lundy, Randy, 1967- author.
Field notes for the self —Lundy, Randy, 1967- author.
4 available of 11 items
The long walk —Zwicky, Jan, 1955- author.
"In The Long Walk, Jan Zwicky bears witness to environmental and cultural cataclysm. Both prophetic and acutely personal, these poems extend her previous meditations on colonial barbarism and ecocide, on spiritual catast...
Forty-one pages : on poetry, language, and wilderness —Steffler, John, 1947- author.
"In this series of elegant and wide-ranging meditations on language, wilderness, poetry, and technocracy, John Steffler takes us on a guided tour of one poet's mental workshop. His focus is vividly personal, shaped by hi...
Burden —Smith, Douglas, 1949- author.
"The story of a seventeen-year-old British soldier, Private Herbert Burden, who was shot for desertion during World War I Burden is the story of a seventeen-year-old British soldier, Private Herbert Burden, who was shot ...
The House of Charlemagne —Lilburn, Tim, 1950- author.
Live ones —McCarney, Sadie, 1992- author.
"Sadie McCarney's first full-length poetry collection grapples with mourning, coming of age, and queer identity against the backdrop of rural and small-town Atlantic Canada. Ranging from pellet-gunned backyard butterflie...
Measures of Astonishment : poets on poetry
Cloud physics —Enns, Karen, 1960- author.
Blackbird Song —Lundy, Randy.
Drawing deeply from his Cree ancestors and equally from European and Asian traditions, Randy Lundy offers an exquisite series of meditations on memory, evanescence, and the land. This is the mind of prayer, a seeing and ...
The Book of Ayyâs —McLeod, Neal, author.
"In the book of ayâs, Neal McLeod takes his place among the great Indigenous storytellers of the continent. He situates stories of ayâs--a traditional Cree figure who experiences exile, dislocation, and encounters with...


What rules must I observe when parking on campus?
Display your parking permit according to the instructions given with the parking permit. Your permit is not valid unless it is correctly displayed.
Display your ticket from the ticket vending machine on your dash so it can be clearly seen from the outside of the vehicle. For a ticket to be valid ensure it is face up and it has not moved out of view.
Park within the marked boundaries of a parking bay.
Park only in the area designated by your parking permit. If you have to go to a pay parking areas you must purchase a ticket and display it correctly.
Do not park on the verge, grass areas, roads or pathways at any time.
If you are not driving your normal vehicle you must obtain a temporary parking permit.
If you have large heavy equipment to pick up or drop off that requires you to have closer access to a building contact Unipark on 6488 3020.


text:
Q: Using ogr2ogr to generate a shapefile from a CSV with multipolygon geometries I have a CSV file with the following structure:
id,Geometry
0,MULTIPOLYGON(((343362.10597 7395133.999035, 343362.608646 7395137.592628, 343366.027235 7395138.714539, 343389.482792 7395141.302312, 343390.91157 7395141.3619, 343408.443301 7395142.225044, 343424.796266 7395143.518546, 343427.805771 7395143.750087, 343459.114406 7395151.925896, 343500.691088 7395167.099913, 343533.442931 7395178.768452, 343560.442616 7395188.89142, 343579.337382 7395195.970768, 343607.760736 7395207.592871, 343616.264189 7395206.786678, 343622.432438 7395203.795961, 343628.643546 7395197.749076, 343632.516051 7395190.791227, 343644.108743 7395154.080564, 343650.279907 7395134.566388, 343665.549752 7395091.970019, 343674.153464 7395070.3001, 343684.521723 7395042.103866, 343692.086323 7395023.080773, 343697.664272 7395011.301474, 343704.042755 7395002.000384, 343722.789 7394978.98797, 343737.600949 7394965.856473, 343743.321932 7394960.75674, 343744.156484 7394956.225018, 343740.567359 7394952.90858, 343734.573577 7394954.871254, 343718.491883 7394957.833673, 343704.830423 7394955.971197, 343700.751989 7394955.451426, 343671.508596 7394953.732586, 343656.454855 7394949.352304, 343613.264807 7394936.154904, 343594.698268 7394929.920763, 343581.627559 7394925.329026, 343550.709676 7394913.115351, 343526.554635 7394899.589577, 343478.903537 7394873.940365, 343468.007238 7394863.657216, 343463.622054 7394861.273541, 343459.51688 7394863.256304, 343455.532832 7394867.278113, 343454.991209 7394874.005756, 343454.889219 7394883.540009, 343454.130651 7394913.411519, 343452.278125 7394924.333536, 343448.140323 7394943.681126, 343441.382138 7394972.237009, 343430.693786 7395001.681122, 343425.177072 7395017.259621, 343409.659822 7395056.198477, 343398.087215 7395079.530933, 343391.654566 7395092.9179, 343367.420067 7395126.868407, 343362.10597 7395133.999035)))
1,MULTIPOLYGON(((341753.99139 7396339.857021, 341864.449827 7396365.802449, 341945.003303 7396384.856923, 341974.17656 7396388.616031, 341983.161653 7396389.621122, 342025.201086 7396394.305266, 342072.473769 7396416.499583, 342081.250386 7396416.007268, 342086.252749 7396410.424149, 342135.553505 7396237.879056, 342157.373097 7396136.636069, 342162.163276 7396117.572635, 342167.848504 7396101.675161, 342177.284315 7396088.321013, 342196.099067 7396064.989896, 342199.664712 7396061.008181, 342233.478221 7396032.068704, 342296.775018 7396002.671521, 342179.142305 7396025.834978, 342126.305945 7396050.039647, 342053.755181 7396104.265651, 342037.640031 7396129.098673, 342029.569424 7396140.828401, 342017.999074 7396144.745865, 342010.864372 7396150.173053, 341980.079585 7396256.048079, 341975.091734 7396254.609903, 341963.052807 7396293.418932, 341955.312202 7396308.618598, 341946.724563 7396319.988315, 341932.796812 7396331.33361, 341922.464309 7396339.749661, 341896.858804 7396349.806005, 341877.578455 7396352.82059, 341861.859599 7396352.252155, 341757.173213 7396327.00034, 341753.99139 7396339.857021)))

I'd like to convert CSV files like this to Shapefiles using ogr2ogr. I've found solutions like this one where it solves the problem when the geometry is just lat and lng. For POINTs, it can be solved like the following:
ogr2ogr -oo X_POSSIBLE_NAMES=Lon* -oo Y_POSSIBLE_NAMES=Lat*  -f "ESRI Shapefile" test.shp test.csv

However, my case is different since I have a MULTIPOLYGON geometry asText on my CSV. How can I use ogr2ogr to convert CSV files like the one in my first sample to shapefile?

A: Conversion is possible with a slightly edited csv file. Read first https://gdal.org/drivers/vector/csv.html#vector-csv

When reading a field named "WKT" is assumed to contain WKT geometry,
but also is treated as a regular field. The OGR CSV driver returns all
attribute columns as string data types if no field type information
file (with .csvt extension) is available.

CSV edited to have a wkt field:
id,wkt
0,"MULTIPOLYGON(((343362.10597 7395133.999035, 343362.608646 7395137.592628, 343366.027235 7395138.714539, 343389.482792 7395141.302312, 343390.91157 7395141.3619, 343408.443301 7395142.225044, 343424.796266 7395143.518546, 343427.805771 7395143.750087, 343459.114406 7395151.925896, 343500.691088 7395167.099913, 343533.442931 7395178.768452, 343560.442616 7395188.89142, 343579.337382 7395195.970768, 343607.760736 7395207.592871, 343616.264189 7395206.786678, 343622.432438 7395203.795961, 343628.643546 7395197.749076, 343632.516051 7395190.791227, 343644.108743 7395154.080564, 343650.279907 7395134.566388, 343665.549752 7395091.970019, 343674.153464 7395070.3001, 343684.521723 7395042.103866, 343692.086323 7395023.080773, 343697.664272 7395011.301474, 343704.042755 7395002.000384, 343722.789 7394978.98797, 343737.600949 7394965.856473, 343743.321932 7394960.75674, 343744.156484 7394956.225018, 343740.567359 7394952.90858, 343734.573577 7394954.871254, 343718.491883 7394957.833673, 343704.830423 7394955.971197, 343700.751989 7394955.451426, 343671.508596 7394953.732586, 343656.454855 7394949.352304, 343613.264807 7394936.154904, 343594.698268 7394929.920763, 343581.627559 7394925.329026, 343550.709676 7394913.115351, 343526.554635 7394899.589577, 343478.903537 7394873.940365, 343468.007238 7394863.657216, 343463.622054 7394861.273541, 343459.51688 7394863.256304, 343455.532832 7394867.278113, 343454.991209 7394874.005756, 343454.889219 7394883.540009, 343454.130651 7394913.411519, 343452.278125 7394924.333536, 343448.140323 7394943.681126, 343441.382138 7394972.237009, 343430.693786 7395001.681122, 343425.177072 7395017.259621, 343409.659822 7395056.198477, 343398.087215 7395079.530933, 343391.654566 7395092.9179, 343367.420067 7395126.868407, 343362.10597 7395133.999035)))"
1,"MULTIPOLYGON(((341753.99139 7396339.857021, 341864.449827 7396365.802449, 341945.003303 7396384.856923, 341974.17656 7396388.616031, 341983.161653 7396389.621122, 342025.201086 7396394.305266, 342072.473769 7396416.499583, 342081.250386 7396416.007268, 342086.252749 7396410.424149, 342135.553505 7396237.879056, 342157.373097 7396136.636069, 342162.163276 7396117.572635, 342167.848504 7396101.675161, 342177.284315 7396088.321013, 342196.099067 7396064.989896, 342199.664712 7396061.008181, 342233.478221 7396032.068704, 342296.775018 7396002.671521, 342179.142305 7396025.834978, 342126.305945 7396050.039647, 342053.755181 7396104.265651, 342037.640031 7396129.098673, 342029.569424 7396140.828401, 342017.999074 7396144.745865, 342010.864372 7396150.173053, 341980.079585 7396256.048079, 341975.091734 7396254.609903, 341963.052807 7396293.418932, 341955.312202 7396308.618598, 341946.724563 7396319.988315, 341932.796812 7396331.33361, 341922.464309 7396339.749661, 341896.858804 7396349.806005, 341877.578455 7396352.82059, 341861.859599 7396352.252155, 341757.173213 7396327.00034, 341753.99139 7396339.857021)))"

Test with ogrinfo:
ogrinfo gis_se_test.csv -al
INFO: Open of `gis_se_test.csv'
      using driver `CSV' successful.

Layer name: gis_se_test
Geometry: Unknown (any)
Feature Count: 2
Extent: (341753.991390, 7394861.273541) - (343744.156484, 7396416.499583)
Layer SRS WKT:
(unknown)
id: String (0.0)
wkt: String (0.0)
OGRFeature(gis_se_test):1
....

Command that converts WKT into geometry but does not try to save the WKT also as a string into an attribute:
ogr2ogr -f "ESRI Shapefile" gis_se_test.shp gis_se_test.csv -sql "select id from gis_se_test"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Sai Rishivaran is Raghuvaran's son. He was Born in 1997. Raghuvaran and Rohini are his parents. His Grandparents are Kasturi, Velayudhan. His mother Rohini is an Indian actress, lyricist, screenwriter, voice actor and director and his father was an Indian actor who worked in movies.
What is Sai Rishivaran (Raghuvaran's son) Profession?
What is Sai Rishivaran (Raghuvaran's son) Educational Qualification?
Sai Rishivaran (Raghuvaran's son) Nationality?
Sai Rishivaran (Raghuvaran's son) Birth Place?
Sai Rishivaran (Raghuvaran's son) Religion /Caste?
Sai Rishivaran (Raghuvaran's son) Girlfriend/Wife /dating /Affairs?
Sai Rishivaran (Raghuvaran's son) Height in feet?
What is Sai Rishivaran (Raghuvaran's son) weight?
Is Sai Rishivaran (Raghuvaran's son) Married?
Sai Rishivaran (Raghuvaran's son) Family Details/ parents/ family background?


text:
Q: Определить, менялся индексный дескриптор файла после указанной даты. Linux Проблема состоит в том что я не знаю какой командой можно определить менялся индексный дескриптор файла после указанной даты. Самое полезное что выдал гугл это https://www.opennet.ru/docs/RUS/linux_base/node73.html где объясняться что из себя представляет дескриптор но примеров проверки его изменения я не нашел.

A: Обычно под «временем изменения файлового дескриптора» понимают ctime change time — время изменения метаданных. Получить его можно, например, с помощью stat, а проверить, например, с помощью find:
tmp_file="$(mktemp)"
touch -d '1 hour ago' "$tmp_file"
if find /path/to/file -cnewer "$tmp_file" &>/dev/null; then
  echo "inode is newer"
  # ...
fi

rm "$tmp_file"

См. также: Случайная статья из гугла про временные метки


Energy saving and energy efficiency measures which have an efficiency of 20% according to the Environmental Protection Act mandatory for large and medium users. Large users are companies where more than 200.000 kWh of electricity, or more than 75.000 m3 natural gas equivalents consumed to fuel. In between energy 50.000 in 200.000 kWh or between 25.000 in 75.000 m3 you fall under the medium-sized businesses. For large consumers furthermore states that the government may require an energy research. The goal of the research is to gain insight into all relevant energy saving measures yet to realize the entrepreneur.
Energy saving is a legal obligation. The Environmental Management Act and the Activities Decree requiring large energy consumers to take austerity measures to be recouped within five years.
You may also require licenses for energy saving measures and renewable energy. For example, for a cooling / heat storage system, a windmill or selling your property.
Use the links below to check quickly the legislation is relevant to you.
Usually you have to grow, new- or developments require an environmental permit, Before you can do anything. Wondering if and where you need this license, check the ambient counter website.
To see how energy efficient your property is, you should adopt energy. In addition, a customized advice to be prepared so it's clear what you can do to the building (yet) energy efficient to.
It is convenient to be an energy saving plan for your business (leave) put. Thus clearly where you are using the most energy and the savings are.
"Energy saving and Profit" contains lists for different industries with the latest insights on energy saving techniques within 5 year payback.
This legislation requires large energy consumers to take austerity measures to be recouped within five years.
LOHUIS LIGHTING & ENERGY will assist them in fulfilling your legal obligations. Our consultants can assist with advice and knowledgeable and quick and, if desired, issue a southerner giel table.


text:
Wal-Mart pledges billions to aid women businesses
By Ylan Q. Mui
Ylan Q. Mui
Bio Follow
Wal-Mart is slated to announce Wednesday that it will spend billions of dollars over the next five years to train female workers around the world and support women-owned businesses, the latest attempt by the world's largest retailer to tackle broad social issues and shore up its image.
The commitment includes $100 million in grants to nonprofit groups focused on developing job skills for low-income women in the United States and for women who work in the overseas farms and factories that Wal-Mart relies on for its merchandise. It also said it will spend $20 billion over the next five years to buy goods from the nation's women-owned businesses, double its current amount.
"We have looked kind of systematically in the places our business can make a difference, that will make us a stronger business and will also help our customers and our communities," said Leslie Dach, head of corporate affairs at Wal-Mart. "This is clearly right there in that sweet spot."
Most of the 200 million customers who shop at Wal-Mart each week are female, and like at many retailers, executives refer to shoppers in their stores as "she." More than half of its 2 million employees are women, and Dach said that the initiative will help the company recruit and attract better workers.
Wal-Mart has been criticized for its treatment of women. For years, it was embroiled in a massive sex-discrimination lawsuit that alleged that the company paid women less than their male counterparts and passed them over for promotions. This summer, the Supreme Court blocked the case from receiving class-action status, and attorneys for the women involved said they plan to file individual complaints.
Dach said that Wednesday's initiative has been in the works for about a year and is not related to the suit.
The company has launched similar sweeping programs in recent years centered on issues for which it had been vilified. It tempered complaints that its big-box stores and penny-pinching prices helped drive suburban sprawl and pollution from its overseas suppliers with ambitious promises to recycle and reduce its carbon footprint.
Wal-Mart scored a major coup early this year when it teamed up with first lady Michelle Obama on a program to reduce sodium and sugar in the food it sells — and followed up a few months later with a plan to open hundreds of stores in urban areas, where labor unions and other groups have long opposed its entry.
For the women's initiative, Wal-Mart worked with Melanne Verveer, U.S. ambassador-at-large for global women's issues and former chief of staff for Hillary Rodham Clinton when she was first lady. Verveer is slated to speak Friday at a breakfast sponsored by Wal-Mart at an Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation meeting in San Francisco. In a statement, she called the retailer's move a "bold step forward."
"Together, we will see these women change the lives of their families and communities for the better," she said.
The program will also require suppliers with more than $1 billion in sales to increase the percentage of women and minorities on their Wal-Mart accounts. In addition, it vowed to double its purchases from female suppliers internationally.
Helene Gayle, chief executive of the humanitarian group CARE USA, said her organization began working with Wal-Mart in 2009 on a program for women working in garment factories in Bangladesh and cashew farms in India for the retailers' suppliers. Gayle said working with Wal-Mart was appealing because its mammoth size means it has an outsized impact.
"As such a huge industry leader, what they do hopefully will help to shape what others do in the field," she said.
Ylan Q. Mui Ylan Q. Mui was a financial reporter at The Washington Post covering the Federal Reserve and the economy. She left The Post in January 2017. Follow

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Joel Shapiro, JD, PhD, is clinical associate professor and Executive Director of the Program on Data Analytics at Kellogg's School of Management at Northwestern University.
Joel teaches graduate courses in decision analytics and policy analysis, with a strong focus on how to use data analytic solutions to solve real-life business problems. Prior to joining Kellogg, Joel served as Associate Dean of Academics at Northwestern University School of Professional Studies, leading the creation and growth of myriad on–ground and online programs. Joel holds a PhD in policy analysis from the Pardee RAND Graduate School, a JD from Northwestern University School of Law, and a BS in physics from the University of Michigan.
We sat down with him ahead of his presentation at the Predictive Analytics Innovation Summit, taking place in Chicago this November 29-30.
What first sparked your interest in analytics?
I've always been very quantitatively inclined, and loved trying to explain various day-to-day phenomena with math. After I majored in physics in college, I took a 'quant-detour' by going to law school and briefly working as an attorney. I was completely a fish out of water. One senior partner asked me to help assess how our clients would benefit from the big tobacco settlement in the late 90s. I created a cool probabilistic model that was really quite elegant, and – when I presented it to him – he swore and threw the memo at me. He wanted the 'one right answer,' and I knew that there was a range of possible answers. At that point, I knew I needed to find a field that embraced data and the uncertainty inherent in using data for decision-making. I ended up going back to school for a PhD in policy analysis and loved it – it wasn't easy to go back to school after just completing three years of law school, but it turned out incredibly well for me.
What do you think is the most important thing a company should do to instill a data-driven culture?
They need to think really deeply about what problems they're trying to solve and what questions they're trying to answer. If a company doesn't give sufficient thought to the specific goals they're trying to accomplish, then they're going to fail with analytics. You can't just hire some data scientists and hope that they come up with great insight. The data scientists typically don't know the business, and the business folks often don't know the data science. They need to work well together, which means that they both have to know what they're trying to answer and why.
Well, yes and no. In the right cases, data can be automatically generated and analyzed. But analytics is fundamentally about using analysis to do something differently. I am very skeptical of off-the-shelf analytics products that claim all you have to do is load in your data and it will spit out actionable insight. That's really dangerous. Most businesses have unique processes, goals, and contexts that make the link from data to action fraught with nuance. Analytics still rests fundamentally on good critical thinking skills – how to ask great questions and rigorously assess evidence that can lead to action. It's hard for me to imagine how context-specific critical thinking could be automated - I think good data scientists will serve this role for a long time.
I'll talk about my firm conviction that analytics is a leadership problem, not an IT problem, and not a data science problem. Sure, IT and data science give us important tools to collect, store, and analyze data. But analytics has value when it leads to action and change. And business leaders are the ones who implement business change. When an organization embraces analytics at the leadership level, the IT and data science jobs are more valuable to the company and a whole lot easier to do well. It's entirely a win-win.
You can hear from Joel, along with other experts in data analytics, at the Predictive Analytics Innovation Summit. View the full agenda here.


You're almost there! Let's set up that consultation and get to know each other.
Please tell me your due date, where you live and where you plan to give birth.
Serving Albany, Schenectady, Niskayuna, Saratoga, Latham, Clifton Park and surrounding areas.


How Rent Control Act Protects The Rights Of Tenants And Landlords?
The leasing of property by its owner is governed by the Rent Control Act, every state has a different version of the act. In this article, we will examine how the Rent Control Act protects the rights of both the tenants and landlords.
Whenever a landlord rents out their property to a tenant, it falls under Rent Control Act. Different states have varying versions of the act, for example the state of Maharashtra has a Rent Control Act 1999, Delhi has Rent Control Act, 1958 and Chennai has Tamil Nadu Buildings Lease and Control Act, 1960. The act mainly helps settle disputes that may arise between a tenant (licensee) and the property owner (licensor).
How does the Rent Control Act help settle disputes between a tenant and landlord?
The Rent Control Act offers tenants with security and lays restrictions on the landlord's power to evict the tenant. It also removes any undue advantages that might lead the tenant or landlord to deceit each other.
The act imposes laws on renting out property to assist tenants in identifying and getting a good rental accommodation.
It imposes standard rentals beyond which the landlord cannot charge the tenant.
It protects tenants against any indiscrimination and any unfair eviction by the owner of the property.
It offers landlords with responsibilities and obligations towards tenants for maintaining of the rented property.
It defines the right of landlords with regard to tenants who don't fulfill obligations of paying rent on time or misuse the property.
How does the act protect the tenants?
The Rent Control Act makes sure that tenants cannot be removed from the property without a proper case. It offers protection to tenants facing eviction and necessitates that the landlord cannot cut-off or hold any essential supply or service.
According to the act, the landlord has the responsibility of registering any agreement for leave and license or letting the property on rent. When the property owner does not register the said property with the tenant, the contention of the tenant in regard to terms and condition of the rental prevail unless the landlord has proven it otherwise.
The Rent Control Act has made it compulsory for landlords to give a written receipt for a payment made by the tenant. In case of the death of a tenant, the receipt would be issued in the name of the family member of the tenant. The failure to provide the receipt will be a punishable offence.
How are landlords protected under this act?
According to the Rent Control Act, the landlord can recover the possession of a rented property if they have the premises for bona fide purpose. The act makes it clear that in the event of the tenant having an alternate accommodation, the landlord can enforce their right and recover the premises.
Are there any exceptions to this act?
The property that has been sub-leased to banks, public sector undertaking or a corporation under any state or central act, foreign missions, MNC's, international agencies do not come under the ambit of this act.
Rent Control Act does not apply to property let to private or public limited companies that have a paid-up share capital of Rs 1 crore or more.


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text:
Career changes you can make in your 40s
by Rachel Cavanaugh
1/ Pixabay
Considering a career change in your 40s can be daunting. The prospect of going back to school, buying textbooks, and sitting alongside teenagers during stuffy lectures can sound unappealing to a lot of people—not to mention expensive. Plus, there's the worry about having to work your way up again in entry-level positions and potentially taking a salary cut. It's not exactly an enticing picture, especially if you're at a point where you've reached a degree of success. Even if you're not rolling in dough, chances are that by the time you hit 40 you've put some time and energy into your career, so the idea of starting over can feel overwhelming.
Yet the world is chock-full of examples of people who switched careers midlife and say they don't regret it. The federal Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) doesn't track how often the average American switches careers (officials say it's too difficult to define "career change"), but a poll by the jobs website Monster found that 50% of respondents between the ages of 45 and 65 had switched careers at least twice.
Whether you're burnt out from the repetition, you're not making enough money, or you just don't enjoy your job as much as you used to, if you're contemplating a career change there's clearly something about your current vocation that isn't making you happy. The average life expectancy in the United States is 78.6 years, so if you're only in your 40s, you have quite a few years left. Unless you're independently wealthy, many of those years will be spent working—so why not spend them doing something you love?
That's not to say that if you decide to make the leap there won't be challenges. On the contrary, challenges will abound—financial uncertainty, extra-long work hours, ageism, etc. But if you've been working for 15 to 20 years it's likely you've accumulated a number of transferable skills, many of which you may not have even thought about. There are many career options that let you use those skills, or even start completely fresh without having to get a new degree. These careers may require some extra training or even a bit of school, but those requirements are generally manageable and you won't spend years fetching coffee for higher-ups before establishing yourself.
To offer some inspiration, Stacker has put together a slideshow of some of the most practical, realistic jobs and industries for people considering a career change in their 40s. We've found examples across multiple disciplines, including science and technology, medicine, social services, professional services, art, physical trades, and more. As much as possible we've tried to stick to mid- to higher-income options that are stimulating and won't trap you in the entry-level cycle. Take a look through to find one that fits your interests and personality.
You may also like: The 50 most meaningful jobs in America
You don't need a college degree to write code—in fact, you can basically train yourself. Or, if the self-taught route seems too hard, there are tons of boot camps and crash courses that will train and certify you in six to eight months, sometimes even less. And while having a computer science degree will certainly help when seeking a job, the reality is that businesses want the person who can make their website look the best, not the person with a fancy degree. If you're good at what you do and can create an outstanding portfolio, it's a career you can get into without a four-year degree. Plus, the median salary for web developers in 2017 was $67,990, according to U.S. News, with the lowest-paid 25% of web developers still making around $49,380.
3/ Lisa Chamberlain // Flickr
If you have a green thumb and enjoy spending time gardening or being outside, the landscaping industry offers many ways to turn this into a fulfilling career. It's ideal if you're someone with an entrepreneurial spirit, as business owners and top executives earn the most. However, even if you don't have management drive, it can be worth the switch if you enjoy the work. The average wage for landscaping and groundskeeping workers is $14.28 per hour, or $29,700 annually, according to 2017 data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. If you're looking for a higher wage, landscape architects made a median pay of $68,320 per year ($32.80 per hour).
Becoming a registered nurse will require some school, no question. However, if you already have a bachelor's degree it can be completed in as little as two years, depending on the type of classes you took as an undergrad. Even without prerequisites, students can typically complete the program in four years, after which the prospects are some of the best of any vocation. It's an inelastic field that doesn't wane when the economy is down, and every city and town has demand so you can go practically anywhere. Plus, you'll earn a good wage—registered nurses bring home an average salary of $73,550 a year.
5/ Pictures of Money // Flickr
Financial planner or advisor
Although it may sound like a job title that requires highly specialized education, financial planners and advisors come from a wide range of backgrounds with undergraduate degrees in business, economics, psychology, accounting, and many others. You can train to become a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) if you want the extra accreditation; however, in the United States, only 30% of practicing financial advisers are certified. (It's only required by law if you want to sell stocks and bonds). There are tons of stories online about financial planners who once had radically different careers. It's a promising vocation with the number of financial advisors projected to grow 15% by 2026—almost double the overall job growth of 7.4%. The average salary of a CFP is $66,405 and the average personal financial advisor salary is $88,890.
6/ Cukierspace // Wikimedia Commons
Dental hygienists comprise one of the career fields with the highest "school-to-salary" ratio, meaning that you need relatively little training yet can expect to earn a relatively high salary almost right away. The median income for dental hygienists in 2018 was $74,820. There's also high demand, making it one of the most practical fields to transfer into later in life. You will need to complete an entry-level dental hygiene program (make sure it's one accredited by the American Dental Association), followed by a two-year associate's degree. Many of these programs are offered online, although there is some accompanying clinical and laboratory coursework that must be done in person.
7/ Mike Beauregard // Flickr
Geoscientist
Most geoscientist jobs require a bachelor's degree but some don't even ask for that. According to a report updated in 2018 by the Occupational Information Network (ONET), 50% of all working geoscientists only have an undergraduate degree. If you're someone who took any science courses in college, you may only need two years of school to get a geoscience degree, and if you already have a degree in geology, physics, or other related fields, you probably don't need it. The median annual wage for geoscientists was $91,130 in May 2018 with the highest 10% earning $187,200 and even the lowest 10% doing well at $48,270. It's considered a "bright outlook" field by ONET with projected growth of 10 to 14% by 2026.
8/ Joe Raedle // Getty Images
Being a veterinary technician isn't something that's going to make you tons of money but there are lots of jobs available. The industry is growing much faster than average (at 15% or higher), and if you love animals, it may be worth the pay cut. The average veterinary technician makes about $34,420 per year and you only need an associate's degree to land a job. Plus, there are ways to make bring in a higher income if you show an exceptional knack for the field. "There are opportunities in research to make more money quickly as you progress," Certified Veterinary Technician Mary Mould told All Allied Health Schools.
Multimedia artist or animator
If creating visual effects for TV, movies, or video games seems like something you'd enjoy and you have an artistic streak—preferably combined with a knack for computers and technology—becoming a multimedia artist can be a highly fulfilling career and one that isn't too late to start in your 40s. Similar to web developers, what matters most is your portfolio so a lot of the skills can be self-taught. And even though many employers will require a bachelor's degree, typically in computer animation, digital arts, or graphic design, 19% of artists and animators have only an associate's degree and 17% have no degrees at all. Plus, if you do move forward, you can expect to earn $72,520 per year.
10/ Pixabay
While personal training may not be the first thing you think of when pondering age 40+ vocations, you'd be surprised how many fitness gurus got their start later in life. In fact, a 2016 study by the National Center for Biotechnology Information found that the average age of the trainers who responded was 39.8. It's a career that takes relatively little training, you can earn a decent salary—top earners make up to $73,884—and it's a fantastic way to get in amazing shape and stay that way as you advance through the years.
11/ Delta News Hub // Flickr
While you must be a minimum of 18 to 21 years old to be hired as a flight attendant, there's no age maximum and many people make the switch in their 40s. If you're someone who loves traveling and has a friendly personality, it's a great career fit and one that's fairly easy to start midlife. It doesn't require any formal education—30% of flight attendants have only a high school diploma, 33% have some college but no degree, and 26% have an associate's degree. You basically just need to convince the airline to hire you after which they put you through a three- to six-week training course. It's another "bright outlook" career projected to grow faster than average by 2026, and the average flight attendant salary is $56,000 per year. Plus, there are some nice travel perks.
12/ Moheen Reeyad // Wikimedia Commons
Eighty-nine percent of correctional officers only have high school diplomas, yet the average salary is $44,400, making it a fairly easy-to-obtain, middle-class vocation. To get hired, you need to pass an entrance exam and attend a special three- to 10-week training academy to learn about weapons, self-defense, crisis management, and other skills. When applying for jobs, you won't be competing as often with fresh-faced graduates, and physical appearance plays almost no role in the hiring process. Elite physical endurance is not required but you will need to complete tests involving push-ups, sit-ups, and other exercises. As Bronwyn Timmons wrote for The Nest: "A correctional officer needs to be strong enough to defend [themself] and take down inmates if a fight breaks out or a situation gets out of hand...You don't have to be an Olympic athlete to become a correctional officer, but you do need to be reasonably fast and capable of moving quickly."
If you enjoy giving massages, you're a good listener, and you like working with people, you're a good candidate to become a massage therapist. It's a career that requires minimal formal training and it's easy to start later in life—your clients don't care how old you are as long as your hands work well. It's a flexible field with the option of working for yourself or getting hired at a spa, and you typically create your own hours. The salary isn't huge— about $41,420 a year—but it's enough for a comfortable lifestyle in many places. It takes anywhere from a few weeks to two years to get licensed, depending on the state you live in.
If you love crunching numbers, specializing in data science and visualization is a great way to make a healthy income. It's a lucrative profession—the average data scientist earns about $117,000—and if you already have a bachelor's degree, particularly in math or computer science, it can be a natural next step. You will most likely need more school—about 73% of data scientists have a graduate degree and 38% have a Ph.D. For those with related backgrounds it can be a great career change that offers significantly more money, too.
Real estate agent or broker
Getting licensed as a real estate agent is a great way to make a fairly comfortable middle-class income doing something you can train for in your 40s. Real estate licensing requirements vary by state but typically involve 60 to 100 hours of coursework, followed by an exam. The difference between an agent (average income $48,690) and a broker (average income $58,102) is that a broker can work independently, while an agent must work under a broker agency—which means everyone starts as an agent. However, if you decide you want to take the next step, you'll typically need to have one to three years of on-the-job experience to get a broker's license.
16/ Anastasia Puscian // Wikimedia Commons
If you enjoy working with people and caring for others, you can train to become a physical therapist assistant without a huge time commitment. You'll need an associate's degree but night classes and online options abound in this field. It takes about two years, after which you can expect to earn an average salary of about $58,040. Note, however, that there is a significant difference between an "assistant" and an "aide;" the latter does not require special schooling and earns about $26,240) As a bonus, if you find you love the field, you can continue your education and become a physical therapist yourself. This requires a master's degree but your experience as an assistant will work toward it and once you're on your own, your salary will average around $87,930 per year.
17/ perzon seo // Flickr
Private consultant
Businesses of every kind need experts to consult so if you already have any kind of career, chances are you could branch out and become a consultant, providing advice and expertise to other businesses. You will essentially be your own small business so you'll need to have an entrepreneurial streak and can't be someone who's afraid of unpredictability. However, if you're someone who thrives on novelty and enjoys a lack of routine, working as a consultant can be a great way to do something new and breathe fresh life into your current career.
Commercial truck driver
If you like driving and don't mind hours of solitude, a career as a commercial driver may appeal to you—and it's one of the easiest jobs to get into midlife. Unlike many vocations that are saturated with young people, the average age of a commercial truck driver in the United States is 55. Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers make about $43,680 and you typically only need a high school diploma. Driving schools range from three to six months, after which you take a test to get your commercial driver's license. One thing to consider, however, especially if you have kids, pets, or a partner, is whether you want to spend long periods away from home.
Computer programmers are similar to web developers in that both write code. The difference is that web developers use code to create websites, while programmers make programs and applications. Like web development, computer programming is a field where you can get a lot of initial self-training; Free Code Camp is a popular and reputable place to start. That said, about 88% of programmers have four-year degrees and most employers will want to see a bachelor's degree. The good news is that many universities offer accelerated two-year bachelor's programs, most of which can be completed online. Once you're in the field, the average computer programmer earns about $84,280 a year.
Creative types who have friendly personalities and enjoy talking to people generally make great hairdressers. It's a career that's easy to get into at any age—most cosmetology schools can be completed in eight months to two years, depending on how many hours you can attend per week, and the acceptance rate is almost always 100%. The average salary is only about $30,190. Stylists who work more, build up a comprehensive client list, or work with higher-end customers can make significantly more. Just keep in mind that you need to be OK with standing on your feet eight to 10 hours a day, and making conversation throughout.
If you're someone who has an insatiable wanderlust and loves looking at maps or dreaming about your next exotic vacation, you may enjoy a career as a travel agent in which you'll help clients plan the perfect trip. In addition to travel expertise, the job requires excellent organizational skills and the ability to multitask. With a median salary of $38,700 per year, it's not going to make you rich but it's a respectable income—and the travel perks make it worth it to a lot of people. As a bonus, many agencies these days let their employees work remotely.
You'd think a private investigator would need lots of formal education and training but really all it takes is a high school diploma and a knack for research. Though many investigators have law enforcement backgrounds, it's by no means a prerequisite. Some states do require a license and bigger firms will want two- or four-year degrees in fields like criminal justice. Still, only 38% of private detectives currently working have bachelor's degrees; 16% have only associate's degrees and another 25% have just a high school diploma. The average income for private investigators is $50,090.
If you have a degree in communications, business, hospitality, or another related field, you can transfer your background fairly easily into event planning, even if you haven't specifically carried out that role before. You need to be an organized person with excellent attention to detail—the type who's great at juggling a lot of balls. If that's you then it might be a perfect match. The mean salary for event planners is around $49,370 and if you work your way into upper management roles, such as business operations specialists (overseeing conventions and other large events), you will average $67,120. Even if you don't have a degree in a related field, you may find success running your own business.
If you have natural talent, writing is a field you can break into at any age, although you'll have to work your way up and likely take some lower-paying jobs in the beginning while you build your portfolio. It helps to be published anywhere, especially online, so writing for blogs and small publications can be a good way to gain writing samples. Writing jobs can include copywriting, blogging, content marketing, advertising, books, and even script-writing for commercials, TV, or film. Most major employers will want to see a degree in English, journalism, or communications; however, 64% of writers are self-employed, typically as independent contractors, for which formal education is less important. The average salary for writers is $38,640 a year, but special niches earn more, such as media ($57,530), copywriting ($62,170), or technical writing ($71,850).
Plumbers earn an average of $53,910 per year and, because the field generally favors apprenticeships over formal education, it's a career that's well-suited for a midlife change. Pipefitters and steamers, particularly those in manufacturing or government roles, earn more than other types of plumbers, and the overall range is wide. It's a highly unionized field where you won't make much money as an apprentice but as you learn new skills you'll get steady pay raises.
Radiologic technician
Sixty-seven percent of radiologic technicians have associate degrees, 26% have vocational certificates, and 4% have some college, so if you decide to pursue this career in your 40s, it's doubtful you'll spend years in school. The options are wide-ranging—you can work in big hospitals, small outpatient centers, physician's clinics, diagnostic labs, and other medical facilities, and the median wage is $61,540. If you do go for the associate's degree, it will likely be in MRI or radiologic technology and will take about 18 to 24 months.
If you're already internet savvy, search engine optimization (SEO) can be a great late-in-life career that won't require much school. According to Rick DeJarnette of Internet Marketing Ninjas, ideal candidates are people with backgrounds in writing, business marketing, graphic design, web development, and online advertising. "I've come to realize how many varied paths there are to becoming a working SEO," DeJarnette wrote. "... A successful career strategy is to become an expert in one thing and conversant in many more. That will help make you more marketable in this career field." The average annual salary is about $44,742.
28/ Rick Obst // Flickr
Lots of folks dream about running a bed and breakfast and if you're one of them, starting in your 40s or later is not only possible, it's ideal. In fact, a study published in 2010 found the average age of respondents was 53. It's a common vocation among empty nesters, divorcees, widows, and retirees, all of whom tend to have extra rooms available that once belonged to kids or other family members. Not only that, many younger people don't have the resources to purchase property, nor have they gained the life experience that helps innkeepers be successful. Salaries ranges vary for this job because of numerous factors, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics doesn't track the category. But some estimates put averages around $61,250.
29/ Interior // Wikimedia Commons
If you love tinkering with cars and already do hobby repairs, why not turn it into a full-blown career? Folks who already know a lot about working on cars have obvious advantages but you can glean the skills from scratch by completing a six- to 12-month vocational program (which you'll need anyway to get hired at most garages). Service technicians make about $40,710 while vehicle mechanics, installers, and repairers bring home about $43,320 per year.
Social media marketer
For people who love posting clever remarks on Twitter or keeping their Instagram accounts up to date with pristine, beautifully composed images, a career in social media marketing makes a lot of sense—and it's easy to get into after 40. As long as you're someone who has a good sense of humor and knows how to engage with people, you probably won't need formal training either. What you will need, however, is a quiver of your own social media accounts that look amazing because that's one of the first things hiring managers look at. The salary range varies widely, ranging from $34,000 to $76,000, depending on the type of work you're doing.
People who love nature and the great outdoors often find a lot of joy and fulfillment as park rangers—and it's a career you can start at any time. The money isn't huge; entry-level jobs start around $15 an hour and the overall median is $39,694 a year, but many rangers report higher levels of job satisfaction than those in other fields. Plus, supervisory positions can earn up to $80,000 so if you do decide to explore the field, you can increase your salary by climbing the career ladder.
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Timberlake Pointe
Lake Murray Homes For Sale, Chapin, SC
Lakefront Lots
Interior Lots
'LAKE MURRAY NATION'
Discover Lake Murray, SC & Surrounding Area
Chapin, SC – The Capital Of Lake Murray
Chapin, popularly known as the capital of Lake Murray, is a small, affluent, lake town located at the northern tip of Lexington County, South Carolina bordering Newberry County, South Carolina to the north. Lake Murray separates Chapin from the rest of Lexington County. Chapin is located approximately 22 miles northwest of Columbia and many people commute there for work, however, the town is considered fringe rural by the US postal service.
Website: https://www.chapinsc.com/
Timberlake Country Club
Timberlake Country Club is the only full-service golf club located on beautiful Lake Murray. Enjoy a wonderful clubhouse with a full-service restaurant, one of the finest golf courses in the region, tennis, a beautiful pool, and a top-of-the-line fitness center. Come by car, come by boat (free docking at the Timberlake Marina).
Website: https://www.timberlakecountryclub.com/
Lake Murray Dam
The Lake Murray Dam Walkway is a walking pathway directly across the top of the Dreher Shoals Dam along S.C. Highway 6. It's a popular place for walking and jogging. The distance is 1.7 miles each way for a total walk of 3.4 miles. The walkway offers spectacular views of Lake Murray and even the downtown Columbia skyline 11 miles away. This pathway was completed after the construction of the new backup dam at Dreher Shoals Dam on Lake Murray (in 2005) and with the widening of S.C. Highway 6 across the top of the dam (in 2007). If you walk on a hot day, be sure to take a cap or hat, sunglasses, and water.
Website: https://www.lakemurraycountry.com/business/lake-murray-dam-recreation-park-sites-walkway
Lake Murray Marina at Marina Bay
Drive through the Marina Bay entrance and our dockhands will be awaiting your arrival to assist you with any needs you may have. Customer Service is our passion and our staff is trained to provide you with a safe and enjoyable experience each and every time you visit the Marina. Whether you desire fishing, recreational boating, or simply a relaxing weekend getaway, we will provide you with the gateway to these luxuries and more.
The Marina features exceptional floating & covered boat slips, 24-hour security, a ship store, gas dock, and a robust dockside community. Slips range from side ties, half-slips, covered slips and 26-foot floating dock slips to 90-foot outside tie slips on the Marina's multiple floating docks.
Marina Bay offers the boat slips and services of Lake Murray Marina, as well as boat rentals at Better Boat Rental and boat club memberships at Lake Murray Boat Club. As soon as guests are off the water, they will be able to stroll over to Liberty Tap Room on the Lake for signature gourmet burgers, a full bar, and outdoor, elevated seating that will have brilliant sunset views.
Website: http://www.lakemurraymarinasc.com/
Lake Murray Adventures & Tours
Captain Andrew Colton started Lake Murray Adventures while attending school at the University of South Carolina. Lake Murray Adventures is a brand from Lake Murray Cruises, LLC. All of our captains have a unique understanding of Lake Murray & the surrounding area. Lake Murray Adventures offers pontoon boat tours for those wanting to sit and view nature or those looking to get their hands dirty and experience nature. Relaxing or Adventuring, we offer a tour of Lake Murray for everyone.
Private Guided Pontoon Boat Tours of Lake Murray. Located at the Hollow Creek Marina just 35 minutes outside of Columbia, South Carolina. Whether you are visiting Columbia / Midlands looking for a tour in the area or are a current resident, Lake Murray Adventures provides fun and safe private guided pontoon boat tours of Lake Murray.
Website: https://lakemurrayadventures.com/
Lake Murray Boat Club
More Boats, More Fun, Less Money
What's the best part of boating? Getting Out on the Lake! Members of the Lake Murray Boat Club have enjoyed over 14,000 outings on Lake Murray during our first eight years in business. Our Members have enjoyed more boats and had more fun while paying less money than if they had purchased their own new boat.
When Boat Club Members arrive at the marina, their boat is ready and waiting fueled up and stocked with all of their requested water toys! They climb in and take off! The club owns the boats and pays the slip rent, licensing, maintenance, and boat insurance expenses, PLUS boats are regularly replaced with new boats.
Website: https://www.lakemurrayboatclub.com/
Lake Murray Resort & Marina
Lake Murray Resort and Marina are exclusive to our vacationing guests and lake club members only. We aim to gather members who are seeking a less crowded, family-oriented lake destination. As a member, you'll enjoy all our lakefront amenities and be treated to resort service on every visit.
Website: http://www.lakemurrayresort.com/
The Spirit of Lake Murray
Private Charters take up 80% of our available calendar. Public Cruises take up 20%. Public Cruise tickets can be purchased from our website.
Private Charters are anything from Rehearsal Dinners, Weddings, Corporate Parties, Promotion Events, History Lunch Tours, Family Reunions, Birthday Parties, etc. Private Charters are best for groups of ~40 – 120 people.
Popular Public Cruises include; Purple Martin Tours, Concert Dinners, Sunset Cruises, Sightseeing Lunches, Sunday Brunches, History Tours, etc. Public Cruises are great for single passengers, couples, or small groups. Have a small group? You should inquire about the Admiral's Room.
Website: https://lakemurraycruises.com/
Riverbanks Zoo
Riverbanks Zoo and Garden is home to more than 2,000 magnificent and fascinating animals and one of the nation's most beautiful and inspiring botanical gardens. The lush 170-acre site features dynamic natural habitat exhibits, scenic river views, spectacular valley overlooks and significant historic landmarks.
Website: https://www.riverbanks.org/
EdVenture Children's Museum
The largest children's museum in the Southeast United States, located in Columbia, South Carolina
EdVenture is a not-for-profit educational institution dedicated to creating new generations of lifelong learners through museum experiences, afterschool programming, and camps.
Helping shape a new generation of people who love to learn is at the core of all we do. In fact, our mission is to inspire children, youth and the adults who care about them to experience the joy of learning as individuals, as families, and as a community.
Website: https://www.edventure.org
The Historic Newberry Opera House
The Newberry Opera House has been the heart of Newberry County for more than 100 years, serving both as the cultural center of the region and, more recently, as the home for the City's fire, police, transportation, and municipal services. Built in 1882, the historic structure's French Gothic clock tower dominates the City's skyline and has, since its construction, been a landmark for the area.
In its prime, the Opera House was an artistic lodestar, drawing the nation's best performers to South Carolina. Visiting groups included theatrical troupes, burlesque acts, musical groups, and performers ranging from Tallulah Bankhead to Tex Ritter. Even members of the famous Barrymore family are said to have performed in the historic structure.
Although the majestic performance space has been dark for decades, until 1994, the main floor of the Opera House housed City offices. Structurally sound and culturally significant, the Opera House has been restored by both local residents and national specialists in theater restoration.
Website: https://www.newberryoperahouse.com
Find Your Dream Lake Property
Property TypesInterior Lot/Golf Course ViewWaterfront LotLake Home StatusLot AvailableMove-In-ReadyUnder Construction
The Saluda
$699,900.00Custom Lakefront Home | 4 BR | 3.5 BA | 3,443 SF | Boat Dock
153 Bowyer LaneLake Murray, Chapin, SCView Listing
The Florence
$279,900.00Single-Family Detached | 4 BR | 3 BA | 2,422 SF
208 Bowyer CourtLake Murray, Chapin, SCView Listing
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Utilize the sleek and attractive style of this as a decorative detail in any modern decor.
Using crystal in the decorative design, this Roberts accent crystal block table lamp designed by Regina Andrew boasts fine quality. The charcoal rolled-edge hardback linen shade features charcoal fabric liner for a multi-dimension design. The line switch proves to be a useful feature to enhance the convenient functionality during use.
12" high overall. Base is 6" wide x 6" deep. Shade is 6" high x 6" wide. Weighs 9 lbs.
Uses one maximum 60 watt standard-medium base type A keyless bulb (not included).
On-off in-line cord switch. 8-foot long clear cord.
Roberts accent crystal block table lamp designed by Regina Andrew. Crystal glass construction.
Charcoal rolled-edge hardback linen shade with charcoal fabric liner. Uno style harp.


We pay you to share your credit! This is your reward for the years of hard work you put into making your credit GREAT! What we do is match people with good credit up with people who are trying to improve their credit. We pay card holders—just like you—a fee for adding our clients as Authorized Users to your credit card(s). The Authorized User never has any access to spend money on your account. They don't know who you are – and they are paying strictly for the benefit of seeing your credit card's payment history appear on their credit report. This is because, when you add someone to your card as an Authorized User, the credit card company essentially copies and pastes the history of your credit card into their credit report, and it looks like your card has been in their credit report since you first opened the account. The effect is an immediate boost to the Authorized User's credit score. You can earn anywhere from $40 to $270 per authorized user added to your credit card depending upon the age and credit limit of the card so you end up earning anywhere from $500 – $5,000+ monthly depending upon how many authorized users you add. It's risk free to you because the client will not have access to your account, and will not know any information about you. We are simply paying you for sharing your good payment history with others who need help rebuilding their credit. By adding an Authorized User, your good payment history and credit limit will appear on your Authorized User's credit report as well, giving them a jump in their credit score shortly after the billing cycle closes for your card. It's a concept called piggybacking that many people do to help their family and friends. This is a very quick, simple and easy way to make great money without doing much work!
Additional Earning Potential: We currently have a program in place where our cardholders can earn a $300 referral fee for sending us potential cardholders. If they join, then the $300 bonus is yours!
How does a cardholder make money with First Coast Financial Matchmakers?
We are a financial matchmaking company and our focus is helping people repair their credit while rewarding others who already have good credit. We act as a liaison between people with good credit and clients who need help boosting their credit, to come to profitable and powerful solution for both parties. One thing we do is add a client who is looking to boost their credit as an authorized user (AU) on credit cards with good payment history. Doing this allows the payment history of the credit card appears on the authorized user's credit file, essentially increasing their score. To thank you for participating and sharing your credit, we make monthly payments to depending on your level of involvement.
If you have a credit card that you have never made a late payment on, you can share your credit by adding our clients as authorized users.
How much money can I make on my cards?
The payout for authorized user spots varies depending upon the issuing bank, length of time the card has been opened, and the credit limit. We run each eligible card through our system to determine what the payout will be. Our clients are interested in credit cards that have AT LEAST 4 months of perfect payment history.
How is this risk free?
Even though the cardholder is adding a credit beneficiary as an authorized user, the credit beneficiary cannot use the cardholders credit for many reasons. The card is always mailed to the cardholder's address on file, and the cardholder beneficiary will never know the credit card number, expiration date, CVC code as we will never ask you to submit that level of information. The cardholder beneficiary will NEVER know your name or anything about you. This is simply a business transaction to increase their credit score so they can get the extra points they need to achieve their financial goals like buying a home, refinancing their home or buying a car.
Once monthly at the beginning of each month via direct deposit.
We protect our cardholders and keep all information confidential. We will never ask you to submit your credit card details, as we do not need it! We will never ask for security questions or details of your accounts. That stuff stays safe with you.
Yes this process is absolutely legal and is also known as piggybacking. It has been around since banks invented credit cards and allowed the primary cardholder to add authorized users onto his/or her credit.
We stay in full compliance with the law. The amount paid to the cardholder is taxable and each cardholder will receive a 1099 statement at the end of the year with the calendar year's payouts.
It's a super easy way and risk free way to earn extra income for minutes of your time each month. The old addage of if it sounds to good to be true, it must be, well this is not the case! You are the cardholder have already done all the hard work of maintaining your credit and making your payments on time. It is not the case for for many Americans. Your track record of perfect payments can earn you CASH, we have the clients will pay now. You are helping people improve their credit while earning great money at the same time, risk free, requiring very little of your time each month, we are talking MINUTES.
What does it cost to join the program? Nothing, it is FREE to join. You would need to go through a consultation so we can qualify you first. There will never be any fee's involved. There are only opportunities to make MORE money with our ever growing referral programs.
How quickly can I get started? This month! We always have the clients ready for you. We just need to have the initial consultation with you then you can start earning within weeks.


This hulking shadow exudes a palpable menace, its form twisting into the shapes of hooks, grasping hands, and writhing tentacles.
Languages Common (can't speak); telepathy 100 ft.
A number of times per day equal to its Charisma modifier, a feargaunt can teleport to a square adjacent to a creature that is still shaken from the feargaunt's nightmare aura or damaged by its tormenting touch. This ability functions as greater teleport. This ability functions only if the feargaunt and the creature are both in the Dimension of Dreams.
A feargaunt is cloaked in a 60-foot-radius aura of fear, which manifests as darkened shadows, subtle rot, and skewed perspective. The first time a creature ends its turn within the aura, it must succeed at a DC 20 Will save or be shaken for as long as it stays within the aura and for 1d4 rounds thereafter.
Creatures within the aura suffering from any fear effect automatically fail Charisma checks to attempt impossible feats in a dreamscape. The feargaunt can suppress or reactivate this aura as a swift action. If the creature succeeds at the saving throw, it cannot be affected again by the aura for another 24 hours. This is a mind-affecting fear effect.
A feargaunt gains a deflection bonus to its Armor Class equal to its Wisdom modifier, in addition to the deflection bonus an incorporeal creature normally receives based on its Charisma modifier.
A feargaunt's touch is an incorporeal touch attack that deals 6d6 points of damage and bypasses damage reduction. A creature that is suffering from a fear effect and is struck by the feargaunt's tormenting touch also takes 1d2 points of Charisma bleed damage. This bleed damage can be stopped as normal, but also stops when the subject is no longer suffering from a fear effect.
Certain vivid nightmares endure beyond the sleeper's awakening, drawing substance from planar flotsam and deriving purpose from their creators' deepest fears. Shifting their form from moment to moment, these malicious creatures range the Dimension of Dreams, ambushing prey with soul-weakening strikes. Their presence turns dream elements that might otherwise be only frightening into agonizing experiences that can kill their victims. Feargaunts often allow victims to believe they have escaped, only to attack anew from an unexpected direction. The Dimension of Dreams is their home territory, and a feargaunt uses its knowledge of this realm to ensure that no matter how fast or how far victims flee, they can never truly leave the feargaunt behind.
Anywhere a feargaunt steps takes on a darker, more frightening cast. Shadows become impenetrable hiding places for things that lurk out of sight, familiar locations take on ominous twists that lead those who thought they knew their way astray, and comforting faces become masks for monstrous, sadistic enemies. The terror the feargaunt inspires eats away at the mental stability of its victims, ensuring that they can't navigate dreamscapes without tripping themselves up and letting their own imaginations hamper them.
Pathfinder Campaign Setting: Occult Bestiary © 2015, Paizo Inc.; Authors: Josh Colon, John Compton, Paris Crenshaw, Adam Daigle, Eleanor Ferron, James Jacobs, Joe Homes, Mikko Kallio, Mike Kimmel, Ron Lundeen, Kate Marshall, Kalervo Oikarinen, Stephen Radney-MacFarland, and F. Wesley Schneider.


Nina and Mike have founded and built over 2 dozen companies between them. Nina and Mike met when Mike was mentoring Nina as she started up her new eCommerce business. Working together, they fell in love and Nina decided to join Mike in launching the new Inspirer.
Both Nina and Mike enjoy traveling and reading. They are artists, Mike with a brush and Nina with a camera. Nina is the surfing and tennis gal while Mike is a sponsored endurance athlete. He proudly served in the US Army.
With all their success, the greatest joy came for Nina and Mike when they found each other and found someone to share success with.
Inspirer does just that – it inspires. Mike is the Ideator and Nina is the marketing and customer guru. She is involved in the design and marketing strategy and is involved in every customer and potential customer touchpoint.
Mike helps individuals and businesses discover, design, build and monetize unique ideas using a proprietary ideation process he developed.
Communication is the only way you can feel comfortable to be in business with the one you love.
Be tolerant, accepting, and open to your partner's point of view.


Home > Questionnaires > Questionnaire: Is it Lust or Love?
Is you relationship built on lust or true love? Answer these questions to find out.
Your partner knits you an ill-fitting and pretty ugly jumper for Christmas. How do you feel?
a. Distinctly unimpressed. Now where's the real present?
b. You think it's sweet but slightly embarrassing.
c. You love it and will treasure it always.
a. Their looks – they are seriously hot!
After an argument do you feel?
What do you do on most dates?
c. Every date is different. I just love spending time with them.
Can you see yourself settling down with your partner?
a. Promise to go round as soon as they feel well again. You don't want to catch anything!
b. Send flowers and a get well card. You do feel sorry for them.
c. Bring them soup and DVDs and snuggle up with them until they feel better.
Have you introduced your partner to friends and family?
It's probably lust. You are driven by animal instincts and interested in having fun in the here and now. But hey! As long as you're both happy there's absolutely nothing wrong with that. Not every relationship has to be a major love affair.
Make sure you're not being defensive and closing yourself off to the possibility of love though. Love and lust can co-exist you know!
It doesn't sound like you're in lust or love. Are you even awake at all?! Consider what you're getting from this relationship and if it's making you and/or your partner happy.
It's easy for relationships to become stale if we don't nurture them. Perhaps you could consider making an effort to spice things up a bit and inject a little more romance into things.
You're in luuurve! Congratulations. There's still some lust going on (which is good!) but for the most part you're driven by heartfelt love. Usually in a relationship lust diminishes to a certain extent over time and true love is what keeps a partnership going.
Whilst cherishing your love, do everything you can to keep the spark alive in your relationship. Make time for each other – the best relationships are a balance of romance and passion.


text:
static char THIS_FILE[] = __FILE__;
#endif

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CStockChartUDTDoc

IMPLEMENT_DYNCREATE(CStockChartUDTDoc, CDocument)

BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CStockChartUDTDoc, CDocument)
	//{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CStockChartUDTDoc)
	ON_COMMAND(ID_CHART_PROPERTY, OnChartProperty)
	ON_COMMAND(ID_STOCK_PROPERTY, OnStockProperty)
	ON_COMMAND(ID_FILE_IMPORT, OnFileImport)
	//}}AFX_MSG_MAP
END_MESSAGE_MAP()

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CStockChartUDTDoc Konstruktion/Destruktion

CStockChartUDTDoc::CStockChartUDTDoc()
{
	m_nID          = 0;
   m_bGrid        = false;
   m_bAverage     = false;
   m_nAverageCnt  = 15;
   m_ticker       = "";
   m_name         = "";
   m_nColor       = RGB(255,0,0);

   m_pChartProperty = NULL;
   m_bDrag        = false;
}

CStockChartUDTDoc::~CStockChartUDTDoc()
{
   // Wenn Dialog noch offen, dann schließen und löschen
   if (m_pChartProperty) {
      m_pChartProperty->DestroyWindow ();
      delete m_pChartProperty;
   }
}

BOOL CStockChartUDTDoc::OnNewDocument()
{
	if (!CDocument::OnNewDocument())
		return FALSE;

	// ZU ERLEDIGEN: Hier Code zur Reinitialisierung einfügen
	// (SDI-Dokumente verwenden dieses Dokument)

	return TRUE;
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CStockChartUDTDoc Serialisierung

void CStockChartUDTDoc::Serialize(CArchive& ar)
{
	if (ar.IsStoring())
	{
		ar << m_nID;
      ar << m_name;
      ar << m_ticker;
      ar << m_bGrid;
      ar << m_bAverage;
      ar << m_nAverageCnt;
      ar << m_nColor;
	}
	else
	{
      ar >> m_nID;
      ar >> m_name;
      ar >> m_ticker;
      ar >> m_bGrid;
      ar >> m_bAverage;
      ar >> m_nAverageCnt;
      ar >> m_nColor;
	}

   m_stockData.Serialize (ar); // das müssen wir selbst machen!
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CStockChartUDTDoc Diagnose

#ifdef _DEBUG
void CStockChartUDTDoc::AssertValid() const
{
	CDocument::AssertValid();
}

void CStockChartUDTDoc::Dump(CDumpContext& dc) const
{
	CDocument::Dump(dc);

   dc << "==== CStockChartUDTDoc ====";
   dc << "\nName:   " << m_name;
   dc << "\nWKN:    " << m_nID;
   dc << "\nTicker: " << m_ticker;
   dc << "\nGitternetz ";
   if (m_bGrid)
      dc << "ist an.";
   else
      dc << "ist aus.";
   dc << "\nDurchschnittslinie ";
   if (m_bAverage)
      dc << "ist an.";
   else
      dc << "ist aus.";
   dc << "\nDurchschnitt über " << m_nAverageCnt << " Werte.";

   dc << "\n";
}
#endif //_DEBUG

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CStockChartUDTDoc Befehle

void CStockChartUDTDoc::OnChartProperty()
{
   // nur Erzeugen wenn es noch keine Instanz gibt:
   if (NULL == m_pChartProperty) {
      // Dialogobjekt erzeugen
      m_pChartProperty = new CChartProperty (this);

      // nun die Daten übertragen
      m_pChartProperty->m_bGrid    = m_bGrid;
      m_pChartProperty->m_bAverage = m_bAverage;
      if (GetRValue (m_nColor) > 0)
         m_pChartProperty->m_nColor = 0;
      else if (GetGValue (m_nColor) > 0)
         m_pChartProperty->m_nColor = 1;
      else
         m_pChartProperty->m_nColor = 2;

      m_pChartProperty->m_nAverageCnt = m_nAverageCnt;

      // Dialog erzeugen und anzeigen
      m_pChartProperty->Create ();
   }

}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  CStockChartUDTDoc::OnPropertyChange

void CStockChartUDTDoc::OnPropertyChange (BOOL bUpdateData, BOOL bCloseWindow)
{
   if (bUpdateData) {
      m_bGrid       = m_pChartProperty->m_bGrid;
      m_bAverage    = m_pChartProperty->m_bAverage;
      m_nAverageCnt = m_pChartProperty->m_nAverageCnt;
      switch (m_pChartProperty->m_nColor) {
         default:
         case 0:
            m_nColor = RGB(255,0,0);
            break;

         case 1:
            m_nColor = RGB(0,255,0);
            break;

         case 2:
            m_nColor = RGB(0,0,255);
            break;
      } // switch

      CalcAverages ();

      UpdateAllViews (NULL);
		SetModifiedFlag ();
   }

   if (bCloseWindow) {
      // Dialog schließen und löschen
      m_pChartProperty->DestroyWindow ();
      delete m_pChartProperty;

      // Neuöffnung erlauben
      m_pChartProperty = NULL;
   }
}

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// CStockData::Serialize

void CStockData::Serialize (CArchive& ar)
{
   if (ar.IsStoring ()) {
      ar << min;
      ar << max;
   }
   else {
      ar >> min;
      ar >> max;
   }

   theData.Serialize (ar);
}

void CStockChartUDTDoc::OnStockProperty()
{
	CStockProperty stockPropertyDialog;

   stockPropertyDialog.m_name = m_name;
   stockPropertyDialog.m_ticker = m_ticker;
   stockPropertyDialog.m_nID = m_nID;

   if (IDOK == stockPropertyDialog.DoModal ()) {
      m_name   = stockPropertyDialog.m_name;
      m_ticker = stockPropertyDialog.m_ticker;
      m_nID    = stockPropertyDialog.m_nID;

      UpdateAllViews (NULL);
		SetModifiedFlag ();
   }
}

void CStockChartUDTDoc::OnFileImport()
{
   // Dateidialog zum Importieren:
   CFileDialog fileDialog(true, NULL, NULL, NULL, "Textdateien (*.txt)|*.txt|Alle Dateien (*.*)|*.*||");

   // wenn der Benutzer Dialog mit OK verlassen hat:
   if (IDOK == fileDialog.DoModal ()) {
      // zunächst alte Daten löschen
      DeleteContents ();

      try {
         CStdioFile file (fileDialog.GetPathName (), CFile::typeText);
         CString line;
         double value, minVal, maxVal;

         file.ReadString (line);
         minVal = atof (line);
         maxVal = minVal;

         while (file.ReadString (line)) {
            value = atof (line);
            minVal = min (minVal, value);
            maxVal = max (maxVal, value);
            m_stockData.theData.AddTail (value);
         }

         m_stockData.min = minVal;
         m_stockData.max = maxVal;

         // Durchschnittslinie berechnen
         CalcAverages ();

         // Alle Ansichten aktualisieren
         UpdateAllViews (NULL);
         // als verändert kennzeichnen
			SetModifiedFlag ();
      }
      catch (CFileException *e) {
         e->ReportError ();
         e->Delete ();
         return;
      }
   }
}

void CStockChartUDTDoc::DeleteContents()
{
	// Inhalt der Liste löschen:
   m_stockData.theData.RemoveAll ();

	CDocument::DeleteContents();
}

void CStockChartUDTDoc::CalcAverages ()
{
   int nCnt = m_stockData.theData.GetCount ();
   POSITION outerPos, innerPos;
   double value;

   m_averageData.RemoveAll ();

   // auf den Anfang der Datenliste setzen
   outerPos = m_stockData.theData.GetHeadPosition ();

   for (int i=0; i<nCnt-m_nAverageCnt; i++) {
      value = m_stockData.theData.GetNext (outerPos);
      innerPos = outerPos;
      for (int j=1; j<m_nAverageCnt; j++) {
         value += m_stockData.theData.GetNext (innerPos);
      }
      value /= m_nAverageCnt;
      m_averageData.AddTail (value);
   }
}

BOOL CStockChartUDTDoc::OnOpenDocument(LPCTSTR lpszPathName)
{
	if (!CDocument::OnOpenDocument(lpszPathName))
		return FALSE;

   CalcAverages (); // Durchschnittslinie berechnen

	return TRUE;
}

void CStockChartUDTDoc::SetStockData (const int id, const CString& name, const CString& ticker)
{
   if (id >= 0 && id < 1000000)
      m_nID = id;
   if (ticker.GetLength() <= 10) {
      m_ticker = ticker;
      m_ticker.MakeUpper ();
   }
   m_name = name;

   UpdateAllViews (NULL);
   SetModifiedFlag ();
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Isaac C
Member since July 2015
I am a videographer director, and Tricaster operator living in Brooklyn, New York. I found my passion for video work while performing with an acapella singing group at a local television station when I was a sophomore at Bowling Green State University. I was very intrigued after viewing all the hustle and spirit that came along with live production. I applied for a job at WBGU and worked there for two years, where I focused primarily on videography and editing. I was able to hone my craft using every tool that the station had to offer. After college, I traveled to New York to further pursue my video career, where I found a job with an internet startup making youtube videos. At SBNation, I was thrust into building a studio from the ground up, which gave me valuable technical and troubleshooting skills. I focused on Tricaster work and became the operator for the Mixed Martial Arts Hour, one of the largest MMA podcasts on the internet. I also used my videography skills to set up studio and field productions using primarily the Canon 5D Mark II's. I eventually went on solo shoots where I ran sound, shot, and directed. I currently work at Time Inc. as the technical director for our new studio. I direct a daily live show called SI Now for Sports Illustrated as welll as numerous other videos during the day for Time Inc.'s brands which include People, EW, and Time.
Isaac C is a new user and doesn't have any reviews yet.
If you know them, consider leaving them a professional reference below to help them get their first rental and review!
Join KitSplit to see Isaac C's full profile—it's free!


text:
Sharing a bed or bedroom with your child 'can have long-term benefits'
Attached parenting has been debated for years (Image: Getty Images)
'Attached parenting' which involves co-sleeping and breastfeeding can have a positive impact on your child's physical and mental health, experts have argued.
The parenting technique championed by American paediatrician Dr William Sears relies on parents responding to their baby's needs and having a close, physical bond with them as much as possible.
Susan Krauss Whitbourne, a professor of Psychological and Brain Sciences at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, has said attached parenting can help children to grow up to be happier and more confident.
She says it revolves around four main concepts, with one being for parenting to sleep in the same room or even the same bed as their child, with the appropriate precautions.
The others are feeding on demand, keeping good physical contact with the child through cuddling or wearing a harness, and responding to crying rather than allowing it to continue until they stop.
Susan Krauss Whitbourne says it can benefit both parents and children (Image: Getty Images/Cultura RF)
The professor said: "When you separate the popular exaggerations of AP (attached parenting) from the more objectively oriented scientific studies, it's a sensible approach that fosters physical and psychological health in children," as reported by The Sun .
"We do know from extensive research … that securely attached adults have happier and less conflict-ridden lives. There's even research to suggest they may be better parents themselves."
She adds: "Infants raised with AP techniques have lower stress levels, cry less often, and feel more connected to other people as they get older, even showing higher levels of empathy.
"The older they get, the more they can control their own emotions, but this early foundation may help ensure they'll do so successfully."
Writing for Psychology Today , Susan concludes that attached parenting can alleviate stress in parents, resulting in less tears, fewer tantrums and children being able to adjust easier to babysitters or nursery.
She labels it a 'sensible' approach which can reap benefits for both parents and kids, advising mums and dads to look at the evidence to inform their own choices in the best way to raise their children.
Copyright ? 2017 Flex Mag Theme. Theme by MVP Themes, powered by Wordpress.


Nice , easy and quick way to advertise your stuff!
easy to register and list add.
Really good paper or online and its tge safest way to sell and buy stuff. Love it .
500gb view and record box. Built in wi-Fi, broadband connections. Humax. Bought in error. . broadband connection, catch up tv.


I talk a lot about new stuff on the blog, mainly because there is so much new stuff out there! I do like to keep you up to date with all the wonderfully smelly fragrances out there that are in need of sniffing, so what I bring to you is often new. Sometimes though, I like to talk about the classics or simply those important fragrances that have done something different or have changed the face of perfumery in some unusual way.
So today I want to talk about a fragrance that isn't new – one that I've had a strange relationship with. It's a fragrance that shares my name (well my pseudonym anyway) and it's one that I've liked but I've never bitten the bullet and bought. That fragrance is Prada Candy and in this post I want to share five reasons why it's my latest obsession, despite the fact that it is far from new. But first some history.
I was recently contacted by Fragrance Direct the online fragrance retailer who asked me to pick a scent from their extensive selection to write about. Now I can handle most things, Dear Reader, but choice is not one of them. Present me with a range of options and I am completely stumped. Do I go for something new and a blind buy of something that I've never tried? Or do I top up on a beloved fragrance that is running low? Hmmm, no I know what to do, I'll go for something I've always been unsure of wearing – and that's what I did.
GUERLAIN'S La Petite Robe Noire has quickly become a part of the fabric of the brand, taking its place next to the likes of icons such as Shalimar, Mitsouko and Samsara, and deservedly so. With LPRN, GUERLAIN took the fruity floral genre and showed everybody else just how it should be done, specifically with fizz, flair and a shedload of fun. The fragrance has been a huge hit, and whilst marketing may have played a big part in this, one cannot deny that La Petite Robe Noire is; a) an excellent fragrance (that fizzy cherry juxtaposed against that smoky black tea is just gorgeous); and b) a GUERLAIN fragrance through and through.
So with success come flankers and GUERLAIN have served us a number of delectable noire treats since LPRN's launch in 2012 (well it's mainstream launch, that is, the scent was a boutique exclusive launched in 2009 that was subsequently remixed for the wider market). The latest of which is La Petite Robe Noire Intense, a fragrance that evokes the idea of a breeze billowing though the pleats of a dress as it is transported around the world. That's right, Miss La Petite Robe Noire is globetrotting and she has packed a brand new dress for her journey. But what does this particular garment smell like? Well, the answer is simple: it smells like fun!
There is an ever-growing trend within perfumery for intense sweetness. I'm not talking about your everyday gourmands, because those have been around forever, I'm referring to scents that offer up pure, unrefined sugar by the ton, not say, the likes of MUGLER's Angel which inspired the gourmand trend, but ultimately was an essay in tension between sugar and patchouli. In the mainstream, it all started in 2004 with Viktor & Rolf's Flowerbomb, a nuclear candy floss scent that contains as much ethyl maltol as is possible to shoehorn into a bottle, presenting sugar toasted at the edges without any dark contrasts to temper it. Ever since, fragrance houses have been stumbling over themselves to see who can make the sweetest, most obnoxious fragrance, well that was until Lancôme came along with La Vie est Belle – officially the world's most tooth-achingly sweet, toasted candy floss scent. It's also an international best seller – go figure.
Now, I mention all of this not to moan, but instead to say that despite this ever popular trend, a house is yet to make a deliciously sweet overdose of a scent that doesn't cause olfactory diabetes with one sniff. Well, that is until GUERLAIN threw their hat into the ring with Mon Exclusif, which turns out to be a decadent little treat that knows exactly when to say 'no more for me, thank you'. Of course, we shouldn't be surprised that GUERLAIN have been the brand to hit the nail on the head here, they are, after all half-perfumer and half-perume-patissiere, churning out some of the world's most delicious morsels in fragrant form. So it's no surprise then, that Mon Exclusif is a delightful bon bon that has depth and contrast to its sugar overload.
GUERLAIN launched Mon Exclusif in 2015. Created by Thierry Wasser, GUERLAIN's in-house perfumer, the novel aspect of the fragrance is that it technically comes with no name, allowing the wearer to select their own title by placing the sticky silver letters on the bottle, which itself is a reinterpretation of the house's famous Coque d'Or bow flacon. "Because your relationship with your fragrance is very intimate" GUERLAIN says, "it's up to you to name this partner by your side". So Mon Exclusif can be whatever one wants it to be: Jack, Tyler or Pierre. The choices are infinite and for many reasons, which I'm sure you'll be able to guess, I decided to call mine 'CANDY'.


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Not only delicious, fresh and light , but gluten and dairy free too.
Peel and roughly chop up the onion and the celery Take a large sauce pan and add the chopped onions, celery and the tbsp of rapeseed oil and place over a gentle heat.
Sweat the onions and celery until they are translucent, then add the finely chopped garlic and allow to soften, constantly stirring so that the onions, celery and garlic don't brown.
Dissolve the vegetable stock cube in the water and add to the onions, celery and garlic. Add the potato cubes to the stock and gently allow to simmer.
When the potato is cooked through completely, add the broccoli adding the florets to the watery stock. Be sure to use the broccoli stalk as well, cutting this into smaller chunks. Cook for 5-6 minutes until the broccoli stalk chunks are tender but still have a slight bite.
Turn off the heat and add the watercress and rocket leaves, spring onions and finely chopped parsley leaves. Leave for 30 seconds with the lid on, giving the leaves just enough time to wilt.
Now take a hand blender and blend thoroughly, adding salt and pepper to taste.
Toast the pine nuts in a dry frying pan, keep constantly stirring over a low heat, and allow the pine nuts to gently brown, without burning. When the pine nuts start giving off their nutty aroma, remove from heat and set aside.
Bring the soup back up to heat, and portion out into appropriate bowls, and add the toasted pine nuts as a tasty topping.


text:
\section{Introduction}
Active learning (AL) is a semi-supervised learning technique where the objective is to train a machine learning model using a minimal number of labeled training instances. Pool-based AL achieves this by intelligently selecting/sampling a batch of instances iteratively from a pool of unlabeled instances and getting them labeled by an oracle (human annotator) \cite{settles2009active}. The underlying premise is that some unlabeled instances are more informative than others and help train the ML model faster. This kind of learning technique plays a key role when labeled data is scarce and obtaining new labels is expensive or difficult. Some of the use cases include speech recognition, named entity recognition, text classification, etc.

Typically, AL algorithms learn solely from the labels provided by the annotator. Our work relates more closely to the class of AL algorithms which queries feature-level input \cite{raghavan2007interactive,zaidan2007using}. The downside to such approaches is that it may be challenging for annotators, who are often not ML experts, to reason about all features of a model and provide robust input. Existing works are limited to text classification problems, where ``keywords'' based features are relatively intuitive to consider. We present a novel approach to elicit rationale in the form of feature ranking
and incorporate this additional input as a weighing signal in the sampling strategy \cite{al_bagging}. This approach makes it easy for annotators to provide feature-level input, is relatively robust to partial or noisy input, and can be applied to problems beyond text classification.  We call this new AL framework \textit{Active learning++} as it can incorporate both instance labels and feature-level input. Our hypothesis is that richer input should help the model train faster than vanilla AL.

\section{Active Learning++}

We conducted an exploratory user study with an AL system\cite{ghai2020explainable} and found that annotators naturally want to ``teach'' with rationale beyond instance labels. One common type of rationale for justifying their choice of label is by attributing to the important contributing feature(s) of an instance. For example, one may cite job category and/or education as their rationale when asked to judge a person's income level. Hence, we elicit an annotator's rationale by asking them to rank input features based on their contribution in determining the label they give to the instance (see \autoref{fig:teaser}(B)).

To incorporate the rationale, we used a bagging based QBC sampling strategy \cite{al_bagging} and modified its disagreement measure. QBC uses a set of models (committee) to select the unlabeled instance where the predictions of individual committee members differs the most.
There are multiple ways to quantify this disagreement, like voting, consensus entropy, etc.\cite{settles2009active}. In this work, we modified the \textit{Max Disagreement} measure to capture the disagreement such that models whose rationale is in higher agreement with the annotator's are given higher weight.
To generate each model's rationale, we use an Explainable AI method called local feature importance, which characterizes the importance of each feature by its weight for the given prediction task. We then obtain a feature ranking for each model by sorting features based on their importance. Next, we quantify the agreement between a model's and the annotator's rationale by computing the similarity between the two feature rankings (rationales) using the Kendall's tau metric. Lastly, we factor in the similarity score for each classifier in the \textit{Max Disagreement} measure to fetch the next instance to be queried. Our approach is model agnostic as we can use any ML model to train the QBC committee of classifiers and then generate local explanations using model-agnostic techniques like LIME, SHAP, etc. This approach can be applied to any type of data with meaningful input features like text, tabular data, images, etc.

\section{Methodology}
We simulated a pool-based AL pipeline with batch size 1 using the UCI Adult Census Income dataset \cite{adultUCI}.
The prediction task was to classify the income of an individual given different attributes like Age, Education, Occupation, etc. into less/more than \$50,000 (see \autoref{fig:teaser} (A)). After data pre-processing, we divided the dataset into test and training at a 50:50 ratio. We randomly selected 5 instances from the training data for each output label which acted as our initial labeled dataset. From this pool of labeled instances, we trained 10 logistic regression models by randomly selecting 6 instances with replacement. These models acted as the committee members for the QBC sampling strategy. Furthermore, we used a logistic regression model which acted as the active learner.

We compared our \textit{AL++} framework with a QBC based vanilla AL framework.  We made sure that all parameters such as the number of classifiers in the committee, initial labeled instances, etc. were identical for QBC and AL++. The only difference between the two is the disagreement measure (see \autoref{fig:teaser} (E)) where AL++ assign different weights to different classifiers.

To simulate the oracle, one popular way is to simply use the ground-truth label. However,  AL++ would also require the ranking of input features. Hence, we trained a logistic regression model over the whole training dataset which can provide quality predictions (labels) along with their local explanation. Since it's a linear model, we simply multiplied the normalized feature values by the model coefficients to generate the local explanations. This model will act as the oracle for all sampling strategies. On the test dataset, this model had 84.22\% accuracy and a 0.65 F1 score.

\section{Results}
\begin{figure}[tb]
 \centering
 \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{fig/results.png}

 \caption{Comparing our proposed AL++ framework with with vanilla AL using Adult Income dataset.
 }
 \label{fig:result}
\end{figure}
\autoref{fig:result} shows the F1 score for the random, QBC and AL++ strategies, respectively across 125 queries averaged over 10 experiments with different initial labeled datasets. We used the F1 metric over accuracy because the output class has an imbalanced distribution (ratio 25:75). From \autoref{fig:result}, we can clearly observe that AL++ maintains a constant lead over the other two strategies throughout. The mean F1 score across the 125 queries for AL++ (0.594) is much higher than for QBC (0.568). We found this difference to be statistically significant (paired t test, p<0.01). To reach a F1 score of 0.54, AL++ required 11.8 queries, much lower than QBC requiring 25.9 queries on average.
It confirms our hypothesis that additional input in the form of feature ranking can help train a model faster.

\section{Conclusion \& Future Work}
We presented a new AL framework, \textit{Active Learning++}, which can utilize annotator's rationale in the form of feature importance based ranking.
Our simulation on the Adult Income dataset shows a significant performance jump over QBC based vanilla AL framework.

Next, we plan to test our approach on different datasets and different domains such as text classification.
We also plan to conduct a user study to test this framework in practice. It will be interesting to see if our approach can help build fairer ML model given a fair oracle. Finally, we wish to simulate other interaction scenarios where the oracle provides rationale for only the top-k features.

\begin{acks}
This research was partially supported by NSF grant IIS 1527200 and NSF grant IIS 1941613.
\end{acks}

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