The Al Thani family had lived in Qatar for 200 years. The 1916 treaty between the United Kingdom and Sheikh Abdullah was similar to those entered into by the British with other Persian Gulf principalities. Under it, the ruler agreed not to dispose of any of his territory except to the U.K. and not to enter into relationships with any other foreign government without British consent. In return, the British promised to protect Qatar from all aggression by sea and to lend their good offices in case of a land attack. A 1934 treaty granted more extensive British protection.
In 1935, a 75-year oil concession was granted to the Qatar Petroleum Company, a subsidiary of the Iraq Petroleum Company, which was owned by Anglo-Dutch, French, and U.S. interests. High-quality oil was discovered in 1940 at Dukhan, on the western side of the Qatari peninsula. However, the start of World War II delayed exploitation of Qatar's oil resources, and oil exports did not begin until 1949.
During the 1950s and 1960s gradually increasing oil revenues brought prosperity, rapid immigration, substantial social progress, and the beginnings of Qatar's modern history. When the U.K. announced a policy in 1968 (reaffirmed in March 1971) of ending the treaty relationships with the Persian Gulf sheikdoms, Qatar joined the other eight states then under British protection (the seven trucial sheikdoms—the present United Arab Emirates—and Bahrain) in a plan to form a union of Arab emirates. By mid-1971, as the termination date of the British treaty relationship (end of 1971) approached, the nine still had not agreed on terms of union. Accordingly, Qatar declared independence as a separate entity and became the fully independent State of Qatar on September 3, 1971.
In February 1972, the Heir Apparent, Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, deposed his cousin, Ahmed bin Ali Al Thani, and assumed power. Key members of the Al Thani family supported this move, which took place without violence or signs of political unrest. On June 27, 1995, the Deputy Emir, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa, deposed his father Khalifa bin Hamad in a bloodless coup. An unsuccessful counter-coup was staged in 1996. The Emir and his father are now reconciled, though some supporters of the counter-coup remain in prison. The Emir announced his intention for Qatar to move toward democracy and has permitted a freer and more open press and municipal elections as a precursor to expected parliamentary elections. Qatari citizens approved a new constitution via public referendum in April 2003, which came into force in June 2005.
Human habitation of the Qatar Peninsula dates as far back as 50,000 years back, when small groups of Stone Age inhabitants built coastal encampments, settlements, and sites for working flint, according to archaeological evidences.
Other finds have included pottery from the Al Ubaid culture of Mesopotamia and northern Arabia (ca. 5000 B.C.), rock carvings, burial mounds, and a large town that dates from about 500 B.C. at Wusail, twenty kilometers north of Doha. The Qatar Peninsula was close enough to the Dilmun civilization (ca. 4000 to 2000 B.C.) in Bahrain to have felt its influence.
The peninsula was used almost continuously as rangeland for nomadic tribes from Najd and Al Hasa regions in Saudi Arabia, with seasonal encampments around sources of water. In addition, fishing and pearling settlements were established on those parts of the coast near a major well.
The Qatar Peninsula came under the sway of several great powers over the centuries. The Abbasid era (750-1258) saw the rise of several settlements, including Murwab. The Portuguese ruled from 1517 to 1538, when they lost to the Ottomans. In the 1732, the Al Bin Ali an off-Shoot of the Bani Utbah tribe migrated from Kuwait and returned to their original domicile Zubarah located on the northern – western coast of Qatar. After this migration, the Al Bin Ali were very close to the rich oyster banks. After the Persian Occupation of Basra in 1777 many merchants and families moved from Basra and Kuwait to Zubarah. After this movement, Zubarah became a thriving center of trade and pearling in the Persian Gulf region.
The battle of Zubarah took place in the year 1782 between the Al Bin Ali from the Bani Utbah Tribe and the Army of Nasr Al-Madhkur Ruler of Bahrain and Bushire.
In response to attacks on Zubarah by Nasr Al-Madhkur who ruled Bahrain and Bushehr in Persia, the Bani Utbah Al Bin Ali liberated Bahrainfrom the Persians in 1783.
After the Al Bin Ali Liberation of Bahrain in 1783, different Arab families and tribes mostly from Qatar moved to Bahrain to settle there. These families and tribes were Al-Ma'awdah, Al-Fadhil, Al-Mannai, Al-Noaimi, Al-Sulaiti, Al-Sadah, Al-Thawadi, and other families and tribes. Most of these tribes settled in Muharraq, the capital of Bahrain and the center of power at that time.
In the early nineteenth centuries, continuing bloody conflict involved not only the Al Khalifa, the Al Jalahima, and the Iranians but also the Omanis under Sayyid Said ibn Sultan Al Said, the nascent Wahhabis of Arabia, and the Ottomans. The period also saw the rise of Britishpower in the Persian Gulf as a result of their growing interests in India. Britain's desire for secure passage for East India Company ships led it to impose its own order in the Persian Gulf. The General Maritime Treaty of 1820 between the East India Company and the sheikhs of the coastal area—which became known as the Trucial Coast because of the series of treaties between the sheikhs and the British—was a way of ensuring safe passage. The agreement acknowledged British authority in the Persian Gulf and sought to end piracy and the kidnapping of slaves. Bahrain also became a party to the treaty, and it was assumed by the British and the Bahrainis that Qatar, as a dependency, was also a party to it.
But when, as punishment for piracy, an East India Company vessel bombarded Doha in 1821, destroying the town and forcing hundreds to flee, the residents had no idea why they were being attacked.
In 1867, when a large Bahraini force sacked and looted Doha and Al Wakrah. This attack, and the Qatari counterattack, prompted the British political agent, Colonel Lewis Pelly, to impose a settlement in 1868. His mission to Bahrain and Qatar and the peace treaty that resulted were milestones in Qatar's history because they implicitly recognized the distinctness of Qatar from Bahrain and explicitly acknowledged the position of Mohammed bin Thani, an important representative of the peninsula's tribes.
Mohammed bin Thaniopposed Ottoman designs on Qatar, but his son, Jassim bin Mohammed, accepted Ottoman sovereignty in 1872. Although Jassim bin Mohammed privately complained of the Ottoman presence, he hoped that with Ottoman support he could dominate those sheikhs in other towns who opposed him and rebuff Bahrain's claims on Az Zubarah. The question of Az Zubarah became moot in 1878, however, when Jassim bin Mohammed and his brother Ahmed bin Muhammed destroyed the town as punishment for the piracy of the Naim, a tribe that resided in the north of Qatar but was loyal to the sheikh of Bahrain. Moreover, Jassim bin Mohammed's ambivalent relations with the Ottomans deteriorated to the point that in 1893 they sent a military force to Doha to arrest him, ostensibly over his refusal to permit an Ottoman customhouse in Doha. Fighting broke out, and Jassim bin Mohammed's supporters drove out the Ottoman force.
The Ottomans officially renounced sovereignty over Qatar in 1913, and in 1916 the new ruler, Jassim bin Mohammed's son, Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani, signed a treaty with Britain bringing the peninsula into the trucial system. This meant that in exchange for Britain's military protection from external threats, Qatar relinquished its autonomy in foreign affairs and other areas, such as the power to cede territory. The treaty also had provisions suppressing slavery, piracy, and gunrunning, but the British were not strict about enforcing those provisions.
Despite Qatar's coming under British "protection," Abdullah bin Jassim was far from secure: recalcitrant tribes refused to pay tribute; disgruntled family members intrigued against him; and he felt vulnerable to the designs of Bahrain, not to mention the Wahhabis. The al Thanis were merchant princes, reliant on trade and especially the pearl trade, and depended on others to do their fighting for them, primarily the Bini Hajar i.e. Al Hajiri/Hajeri who owed their allegiance to Ibn Saud, Emir of the Nejd and Al Hasa. Despite numerous requests by Abdullah bin Jassim — for strong military support, for weapons, and even for a loan — the British were reluctant to become involved in inland affairs and kept him at arm's length. This changed in the 1930s, when competition (mainly between Britain and the United States) for oil concessions in the region intensified.
The scramble for oil raised the stakes in regional territorial disputes and highlighted the need to settle the national borders. The first move came in 1922 at a boundary conference in Uqair when the prospector Major Frank Holmes tried to include Qatar in an oil concession he was discussing with Ibn Saud. Sir Percy Cox, the British representative, saw through the ploy and drew a line on the map separating the Qatar Peninsula from the mainland. The first oil survey took place in 1926 under the direction of a geologist of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, George Martin Lees, but no oil was found. The oil issue raised its head again in 1933 after an oil strike in Bahrain—Lees had already noted that, in such an eventuality, Qatar should be investigated again. After lengthy negotiations between Anglo-Persian representatives and Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim, on 17 May 1935 the sheikh put his signature to a concession agreement for a period of 75 years in return for 400,000 rupees on signature and 150,000 rupees per annum with royalties.As part of the agreement, Great Britain made more specific promises of assistance than in earlier treaties. Anglo-Persian transferred the concession to the IPC subsidiary Petroleum Development (Qatar) Ltd. in order to meet its obligations under the Red Line Agreement.
In 1936, Bahrain claimed rule over a group of islands, the largest of which is Hawar, on the west coast of Qatar because it had established a small military garrison there. Britain accepted the Bahraini claim over Abdullah bin Jassim's objections, in large part because the Bahraini shaykh's personal British adviser was able to frame Bahrain's case in a legal manner familiar to British officials. The question of domain continued in the early 1990s. Triggered by a dispute involving the Naim, the Bahrainis once again laid claim to the deserted town of AzZubarah in 1937. Abdullah bin Jassim sent a large, heavily armed force and succeeded in defeating the Naim. The British political resident in Bahrain supported Qatar's claim and warned Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa, the ruler of Bahrain, not to intervene militarily. Bitter and angry over the loss of Az Zubarah, Hamad ibn Isa imposed a crushing embargo on trade and travel to Qatar.
Drilling of the first oil well began at Jebel Dukhan in October 1938 and, over a year later, the well struck oil in the Upper Jurassic limestone which, unlike the Bahraimi strike, was similar to Saudi Arabia's Dammam field discovered three years before. Production was halted between 1942 and 1947 because of World War II and its aftermath. The disruption of food supplies caused by the war prolonged a period of economic hardship in Qatar that had begun in the 1920s with the collapse of the pearl trade and had increased with the global depression of the early 1930s and the Bahraini embargo. As they had in previous times of privation, whole families and tribes moved to other parts of the Persian Gulf, leaving many Qatari villages deserted. Even Shaykh Abdullah bin Jassim went into debt and, in preparation for his retirement, groomed his favored second son, Hamad bin Abdullah Al Thani, to be his successor. Hamad bin Abdullah's death in 1948, however, led to a succession crisis in which the main candidates were Abdullah bin Jassim's eldest son, Ali bin Abdullah Al Thani, and Hamad bin Abdullah's teenage son, Khalifa ibn Hamad Al Thani.
Oil exports and payments for offshore rights began in 1949 and marked a turning point in Qatar. Not only would oil revenues dramatically transform the economy and society, but they would also provide the focus for domestic disputes and foreign relations. This became frighteningly clear to Abdullah bin Jassim when several of his relatives threatened armed opposition if they did not receive increases in their allowances. Aged and anxious, Abdullah bin Jassim turned to the British, promised to abdicate, and agreed, among other things, to an official British presence in Qatar in exchange for recognition and support for Ali bin Abdullah as ruler in 1949.
The 1950s saw the cautious development of government structures and public services under British tutelage. Ali bin Abdullah was at first reluctant to share power, which had centered in his household, with an infant bureaucracy run and staffed mainly by outsiders. Ali bin Abdullah's increasing financial difficulties and inability to control striking oil workers and obstreperous shaykhs, however, led him to succumb to British pressure. The first real budget was drawn up by a British adviser in 1953. By 1954 there were forty-two Qatari government employees.
A major impetus to the development of the British-run police force came in 1956 when about 2,000 demonstrators, who coalesced over issues such as Gamal Abdul Nasser's pan-Arabism and opposition to Britain and to Shaykh Ali bin Abdullah's retinue, marched through Doha. This and other demonstrations led Ali bin Abdullah to invest the police with his personal authority and support, a significant reversal of his previous reliance on his retainers and beduin fighters.
Public services developed haltingly during the 1950s. The first telephone exchange opened in 1953, the first desalination plant in 1954, and the first power plant in 1957. Also built in this period were a jetty, a customs warehouse, an airstrip, and a police headquarters. In the 1950s, 150 adult males of the Al Thani received outright grants from the government. Shaykhs also received land and government positions. This mollified them as long as oil revenues increased. When revenues declined in the late 1950s, however, Ali bin Abdullah could not handle the family pressures this engendered. That Shaykh Ali bin Abdullah spent extravagantly, owned a villa in Switzerland, and hunted in Pakistan fueled discontent, especially among those who were excluded from the regime's largesse (non-Al Thani Qataris) and those who were not excluded but thought they deserved more (other branches of the Al Thani). Seniority and proximity to the shaykh determined the size of allowances.
Succumbing to family pressures and poor health, Ali bin Abdullah abdicated in 1960. But instead of handing power over to Khalifa ibn Hamad, who had been named heir apparent in 1948, he made his son, Ahmad ibn Ali, ruler. Nonetheless, Khalifa ibn Hamad, as heir apparent and deputy ruler, gained considerable power, in large part because Ahmad ibn Ali, as had his father, spent much time outside the country.
Largely under Khalifa ibn Hamad's guiding hand, the infrastructure, foreign labor force, and bureaucracy continued to grow in the 1960s. There were even some early attempts at diversifying Qatar's economic base, most notably with the establishment of a cement factory, a national fishing company, and small-scale agriculture.
The current Emir has announced his intention for Qatar to move towards democracy and has permitted a nominally free and open press and municipal elections. Economic, social, and democratic reforms have occurred in recent years. In 2003, a woman was appointed to the cabinet as minister of education.
Qatar and Bahrain have argued over who owns the Hawar Islands. In 2001, the International Court of Justice gave Bahrain sovereignty over Hawar Islands while giving Qatar sovereignty over smaller disputed islands and the Zubarah region on mainland Qatar.
Can be said About Qatar: In 2013 Sheikh Hamad Bin Khalifa stepped down from his position and gave the leadership to his son and heir Sheikh Tamim Bin Hamad which makes Sheikh Tamim the youngest Arab leader at the age of 33.


text:
A Guide to the Amphibians
and Reptiles of California
Great Basin Spadefoot - Spea intermontana
(Cope, 1883)
Click on a picture for a larger view
Description | Taxonomy | Original Description | Scientific Name | Alternate Names | Similar Herps | References | Conservation Status
Red: Range in California
Click on the map for a topographical view
Map with California County Names
Listen to this spadefoot:
A short example
More Sounds of
Great Basin Spadefoot
Eggs and Tadpoles
Northwest Page
Adult, Inyo County Adult, Inyo County Adult, Inyo County
Adult, Mono County.
© Ceal Klingler Adult, Mono County, using nictitating membrane to moisten eyes.
© Ceal Klingler
Adult female (left) & Adult male (right) Inyo County © Adam Clause
Adult male, Inyo County © Adam Clause Adult male, Mono County
© Adam Clause A small hardened black "spade" on each rear foot helps with digging and gives the "spadefoot" family of frogs its name.
Adult male, Inyo County
© Richard Porter
Great Basin Spadefoots From Outside California
Adult, Franklin County, Washington
Adult, Franklin County, Washington Adult, Franklin County, Washington Adult, Franklin County, Washington
Adult, Mineral County, Nevada Underside of adult,
Franklin County, Washington Adult, Franklin County, Washington
Reproduction, Eggs, Tadpoles, and Young
Male calling at night,
Grant County, Washington Male calling at night,
Grant County, Washington
Two mature eggs attached to a stick which was found submerged in shallow water in an irrigation ditch. Mature tadpole Recently-transformed juvenile
More pictures of developing Great Basin Spadefoot tadpoles.
Habitat, dry wash, Deep Springs Valley, Inyo County (early June 2003)
One night in early July of 1999, this dry desert wash was full of water from recent rains and Great Basin Spadefoots were calling from the water and moving about on the valley floor. Habitat, Inyo County Breeding pond,
Short Videos
One night while searching for spadefoot choruses to record, we discovered a spadefoot crossing a gravel road. After we picked it up and moved it to the sand for photographs, it began to slowly bury itself. It took about 5 minutes to completely bury itself, but that has been cut down to about a minute here. Male spadefoots call at night from a shallow stagnant pool in central Washington.
(Short Version) Male spadefoots call at night from a shallow stagnant pool in central Washington.
(Long Version)
As they sat around their campsite in the Nevada desert, a group of herpetology students suddenly saw this spadefoot dig itself out of the sand. Maybe the vibrations on the ground from the people moving about felt like a sudden heavy rain and stimulated it to emerge. This short movie shows the spadefoot digging back into the sandy soil and burying itself. © Julie Nelson
Adults are 1.5 - 2.5 inches long from snout to vent (3.8 - 6.3 cm).
A small stout-bodied toad with short legs and warty skin.
There is a glandular bump between the eyes and a dark spot on each eyelid.
A glossy black spade shaped like a wedge is present on each hind foot.
Parotoid glands are not present.
Color and Pattern
Gray-green to olive above, with light stripes on the sides on the back,
and browinish or reddish spots at the tips of skin tubercles.
Whitish below.
Eyes are gold with vertical pupils.
Larvae (Tadpoles)
Tadpoles are dark brown - black above, golden below, with the eyes set in from the margin of the head, and grow up to 2.75 inches long (7 cm.)
Life History and Behavior
Nocturnal. Juveniles may feed during the day.
Almost completely terrestrial, entering water only to breed.
Spends 7 - 8 months of its life buried underground in deep burrows during the winter cold and in shallow burrows curing summer dry periods.
Spades on hind feet assist in digging burrows in the soil.
M ammal burrows may be used also for refuge.
Great Basin Spadefoots are active on the surface at night after rains or during periods of agricultural irrigation.
Noxious skin secretions probaby repulse predators, and can cause burning and allergic-type reactions in humans.
There is little evidence of territorial behavior.
Unknown. Tinsley and Tocque (1995) estimated that females live about 13 years and males about 11 years in the wild.
Voice (Listen)
Calls are made at night.
The call is a loud short 1-3 note duck-like snoring sound, which has been compared to the sound of a flock of ducks slowed down.
Diet consists of a wide variety of invertebrates, much of which is ants.
Reproduction is aquatic.
Fertilization is external, with the male grasping the back of the female and releasing sperm as the female lays her eggs.
The reproductive cycle is similar to that of most North American Frogs and Toads. Mature adults come into breeding condition and the males call to advertise their fitness to competing males and to females. Males and females pair up in amplexus in the water where the female lays her eggs as the male fertilizes them externally. The eggs hatch into tadpoles which feed in the water and eventually grow four legs, lose their tails and emerge onto land where they disperse into the surrounding territory.
Males probably become reproductively mature the first or second year after metamorphosis, and females in the second year.
Breeding takes place spring through summer (mostly April through July) depending on the location, in permanent and temporary pools, lakeshores, ponds, stock tanks, at the edges of agricultural fields, and irrigation ditches. East of the Sierra Nevada, where there is little rainfall or snowmelt to create temporary pools, breeding occurs in overflow pools of permanent streams and in springs.
Adults move from winter refuges to breeding sites when temperatures warm up, typically beginning in April, and it has been estimated they can travel as far as 5 km.
Rainfall can stimulate breeding, but it is not always necessary. Irrigation waters can stimulate breeding also.
Breeding does not necessarily occur at the same time each year at a location.
Breeding pools must remain filled for at least 40 days in order for larvae to successfully transform.
Females lay anywhere from 300 to 1000 eggs in small grape to plum-sized clusters of 20 - 40 eggs, which are attatched to floating sticks and underwater vegetation.
Eggs hatch after 2 - 4 days.
Tadpoles and Young
Tadpoles transform in about 47 days, ranging from 36 - 60 days.
Transformed juveniles move onto land temporarily before their tail has been fully absorbed.
Once metamorphosis is complete, they remain at the breeding site for a few days to several weeks before they travel away from the site.
Inhabits arid regions of sagebrush flats, bunch grass prairie, arid shrublands, and open forests with sandy soil.
In California this spadefoot is found in the Great Basin region east of the Sierras from the northern Owens Valley, north through the northeast corner of the state.
The species is found to the north of California, east of the Cascades mountains, through Oregon and Washington, into southern British Columbia, and east of California through southern Idaho and Wyoming, Utah, northeast Colorado, most of Nevada, and northwest Arizona.
Elevational Range
Up to 9,200 ft. (2800 m).
Notes on Taxonomy
Before being assigned to the genus Spea, this spadefoot was known as Scaphiopus intermontana.
Alternate and Previous Names (Synonyms)
Spea intermontana - Great Basin Spadefoot (Stebbins 2003, Stebbins & McGinnis 2012))
Scaphiopus intermontanus - Great Basin Spadefoot (Stebbins 1966, 1985)
Scaphiopus hammondii intermontanus - Great Basin Spadefoot Toad (Western Spadefoot Toad) (Wright & Wright 1949)
Scaphiopus hammondii - Western Spadefoot Toad (Storer 1925)
Conservation Issues (Conservation Status)
While Great Basin Spadefoots are extirpated in areas where agriculture and urbanization have destroyed their habitat, they have also colonized new areas where artificial water sources create new breeding sites.
Family Pelobatidae Spadefoot Toads and Relatives Cope, 1865
Genus Spea Western Spadefoots Cope, 1866
Species intermontana Great Basin Spadefoot
(Cope, 1883) - Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Vol. 35, p. 15
from Original Description Citations for the Reptiles and Amphibians of North America © Ellin Beltz
Meaning of the Scientific Name
Spea - speos - Greek for cave, cavern
intermontana - Latin - inter between, montis mountain, and -anus belonging to - refers to the Great Basin locality
from Scientific and Common Names of the Reptiles and Amphibians of North America - Explained © Ellin Beltz
Related or Similar California Frogs
Scaphiopus couchii
Spea hammondii
More Information and References
California Department of Fish and Wildlife
Stebbins, Robert C., and McGinnis, Samuel M. Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of California: Revised Edition (California Natural History Guides) University of California Press, 2012.
Stebbins, Robert C. California Amphibians and Reptiles. The University of California Press, 1972.
Flaxington, William C. Amphibians and Reptiles of California: Field Observations, Distribution, and Natural History. Fieldnotes Press, Anaheim, California, 2021.
Samuel M. McGinnis and Robert C. Stebbins. Peterson Field Guide to Western Reptiles & Amphibians. 4th Edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2018.
Stebbins, Robert C. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians. 3rd Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2003.
Behler, John L., and F. Wayne King. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. Alfred A. Knopf, 1992.
Powell, Robert., Joseph T. Collins, and Errol D. Hooper Jr. A Key to Amphibians and Reptiles of the Continental United States and Canada. The University Press of Kansas, 1998.
Degenhardt, William G., Charles W. Painter, & Andrew H. Price. Amphibians and Reptiles of New Mexico. University of New Mexico Press, 1996.
Williamson, Michael A., Paul W. Hyder, & John S. Applegarth. Snakes, Lizards, Turtles, Frogs, Toads & Salamanders of New Mexico. Sunstone Press, 1994.
Corkran, Charlotte & Chris Thoms. Amphibians of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. Lone Pine Publishing, 1996.
Jones, Lawrence L. C. , William P. Leonard, Deanna H. Olson, editors. Amphibians of the Pacific Northwest. Seattle Audubon Society, 2005.
Leonard et. al. Amphibians of Washington and Oregon. Seattle Audubon Society, 1993.
Nussbaum, R. A., E. D. Brodie Jr., and R. M. Storm. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Pacific Northwest. Moscow, Idaho: University Press of Idaho, 1983.
Bartlett, R. D. & Patricia P. Bartlett. Guide and Reference to the Amphibians of Western North America (North of Mexico) and Hawaii. University Press of Florida, 2009.
Elliott, Lang, Carl Gerhardt, and Carlos Davidson. Frogs and Toads of North America, a Comprehensive Guide to their Identification, Behavior, and Calls. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2009.
Lannoo, Michael (Editor). Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species. University of California Press, June 2005.
Storer, Tracy I. A Synopsis of the Amphibia of California. University of California Press Berkeley, California 1925.
Wright, Albert Hazen and Anna Wright. Handbook of Frogs and Toads of the United States and Canada. Cornell University Press, 1949.
Davidson, Carlos. Booklet to the CD Frog and Toad Calls of the Pacific Coast - Vanishing Voices. Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, 1995.
The following conservation status listings for this animal are taken from the July 2022 State of California "Special Animals List" and the July 2022 "State and Federally Listed Endangered and Threatened Animals of California" list, both of which are produced by multiple agencies and can be downloaded here: https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Data/CNDDB/Plants-and-Animals.
You can check this link to see if there are more current lists.
A detailed explanation of the meaning of the status listing symbols can be found on the
Special Animals List. For quick reference, I have copied some of them on my Special Status Information page.
If no status is listed here, the animal is not included on either list. This most likely indicates that there are no serious conservation concerns for the animal. To find out more about an animal's status you can go to the NatureServe and IUCN websites to check their rankings.
This Spadefoot is not included on the Special Animals List, meaning there are no significant conservation concerns for it in California according to the California Department of Fish and Game.
Organization Status Listing Notes
NatureServe Global Ranking
NatureServe State Ranking
U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA)
California Endangered Species Act (CESA)
USDA Forest Service
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text:
Laughing stock: March comedy shows
By Michael Benninger
Feb. 26, 2018 6 AM PT
Comedians coming to San Diego during March include Jeff Dunham, Doug Stanhope, John Mulaney and Nemr.
3.1: Jeff Dunham
"I don't wanna offend anyone here, but can I just please say 'black'? I am not Northern European-American. I don't care. I'm freaking white. Or off-white, or pink, I don't know. All I know is there's black, brown, red, yellow, white. I don't care. Just mow my lawn." — Jeff Dunham (via his dummy, Walter) in Spark of Insanity
@ Valley View Casino Center, valleyviewcasinocenter.com
Jeff Dunham.
(Mike Windle / Getty Images)
3.1-3: Nick Thune
"Seventeen years old, got my first fake I.D. In fact, about, I guess a week ago, it would've been my fake I.D. birthday, and I would have been 40. And it's just like, where'd all the years go? And I know you're looking at me, and you're thinking, 'Nick, you don't look 40.' But I did back then." — Nick Thune in Folk Hero
@ American Comedy Co., americancomedyco.com
Nick Thune.
(Christopher Polk / Getty Images)
3.2-3: Doug Stanhope
"Some people say, 'Yeah, I don't have to drink to have a good time.' You go, 'Okay.' But that means you have to have a good time to have a good time. How do you pull that off?" — Doug Stanhope on Beer Hall Putsch
@ The Comedy Store, thecomedystore.com/la-jolla
Doug Stanhope.
(Isaac Brekken / Los Angeles Times)
3.8-10: Aries Spears
"Everybody in this room, individually, sexually, has something that you are into that is downright filthy, uh, disgusting. No one knows how nasty this is, but you and the Lord. Like, if anybody else knew what the f**k you was into, you would have to leave the country." — Aries Spears on Comedy Blueprint
Aries Spears.
(John Lamparski / Getty Images)
3.9-11: Jon Rudnitsky
"You think people in Africa have time to Tweet about their problems? 'I was just mauled by a lion, and my uncle has AIDS #fml,' 'My town was raped and pillaged today #africangirlproblems amirite?'; 'Was just bit by a mosquito #malarious.'" — Jon Rudnitsky at The Stand
Jon Rudnitsky
(Alberto E. Rodriguez / Getty Images)
3.16-18: Sarah Tiana
"I can't eat Tide pods, because I don't eat clean." — Sarah Tiana on Twitter
Sarah Tiana.
(Rick Diamond / Getty Images)
3.22-24: Greg Proops
"I think women are strong. I think women have to do a lot of things men can't do. In fact, women have to have ugly guys' babies. Thank you for laughing. I told that joke in Cleveland, and wow." — Greg Proops on Gotham Comedy Live
Greg Proops.
3.23-25: Vir Das
"It's a good time to be Indian in the world. Not the best time to be brown, but if you're gonna be brown, Indian is the best brown. Think about where all the other brown people on the planet come from. Indians, we are at the top of that food chain. Indians: We are the white people of brown people." — Vir Das on Conan
Vir Das.
(JEWEL SAMAD / AFP / Getty Images)
3.24: Jim Jefferies
"Now, I don't know the plight of the attractive female. I don't know the hell they go through on a daily basis. But I do know this: If someone drugged my drink, I would take it as a compliment. I'd be at the bar going, 'I'm getting sleepy. Who likes me? Who is it?'" — Jim Jefferies on Freedumb
@ Spreckels Theatre, spreckels.net
Jim Jefferies.
(Jesse Grant / Getty Images)
3.25: John Mulaney
"(Marijuana legalization is) a good thing, but it's also a really weird thing, because this is the first time I've ever seen a law change because the government is just like, 'Ugh, fine.'" - John Mulaney on The Comeback Kid
@ Jacob's Music Center's Copley Symphony Hall, sandiegosymphony.org
John Mulaney.
(Kevin Winter / Getty Images)
3.29-31: Chingo Bling
"I was named after my dad, I'm Pedro III. So it was my grandpa, my dad, then me. My dad wants me to keep it going. He says, 'If you have a son, name him Pedro too.' I say, 'Hey, that's enough. We're not iPhones." — Chingo Bling in They Can't Deport Us All
Chingo Bling.
3.30: Bianca Del Rio
"Don't give me your finger! My uncle gave me that, and I didn't feel it. Don't try it." — Bianca Del Rio during the pre-show for RuPaul's Drag Race
@ Balboa Theatre, sandiegotheatres.org
Bianca Del Rio.
(Lars Niki / Getty Images)
3.30-31: Paul Morrissey
"I woke up a couple weeks ago, I had a bruise on my side. Didn't run into anything, didn't get hit by anything, just got a bruise from supporting my own weight at night apparently. Sleeping is too much for me at this point. This might be my last show is what I'm telling you folks." — Paul Morrissey on Dry Bar Comedy
Paul Morrissey.
3.31: Nemr
"Live everyday like it's your last, basically live in abject horror. Everyday." — Nemr on Twitter
Nemr.
(Armen Keleshian)


The end uses is a French company,which had offices in Shanghai China. Before placing the order,client come to visit Grand Piling's factory many times to finalize the details. Over 100 drawings were issued by Grand Piling. The project is divided into 2 phases. Totally 4200 tons of steel tie rods and accessories are needed for this project. Diameter from 50-100mm. Steel grade are high S700 in European standard. All tie rods are painted with epoxy paint in China factory and packed for export. To save costs, all goods are shipped by bulk vessels together with sheet piles,pipe piles.


Looks like the icon from the application as it appears in the Unity panel has been scaled up from a low res image.
We have a 64x64 icon but it does not seem to be used there.
Fixed in r15466. Just hope I do not break other platforms.


text:
Google announces Project Treble, to speed up Android updates
Hexamob 05/13/2017
Google I/O 2017 is really near but Google couldn't wait any longer and it announces Project Treble, a tool designed to address one of the biggest issues related to Android. That is: the distribution of new operating system versions.
And what's the biggest problem with Android? Hard question, but probably many of you will have responded in the same way, citing a word that, from the dawn of the green robot, does not stop tormenting all fans: fragmentation.
Project Treble is inspired by the Compatibility Test Suite and will enable developers to simplify and speed up the operations needed to write applications, which will eventually end up with millions of devices spread all over the world without having to make changes to any single type of smartphone or tablet.
With the new modular architecture, Google will separate the steps needed to bring apps into the Play Store to better assign tasks to those who owe it. This will be accomplished by introducing a new validated interface from a VTS (Vendor Test Suite similar to CTS) between the framework and implementation of who deploys the app itself.
Prior to Project Treble, almost all Android codes would have to undergo an update to become compatible with new versions, but now OEMs (so generally companies that manufacture products) can "bypass" companies like Qualcomm.
In summary, smartphone and tablet manufacturers will be able to choose to directly deliver a new Android version to consumers by simply updating the framework for the operating system that they intend to deploy.
Project Treble: Difference between the OS and the interface
In essence, there is a separation between the heart of the Android system and the layer implemented by the hardware manufacturers. In this way you can update the two parts separately, keeping perfect compatibility even with the advancement of the versions. The new Project Treble will come with Android O and it is already integrated on Pixel and Nexus that include the first Developer Preview of the OS. In fact, this is a very important change for Google software, and we hope that all third-party vendors will soon be able to make the most of it, to the delight of their customers.
This type of modularization (similar to what has been done by splitting up most Android system apps, and then updating them directly from the Play Store) will allow companies such as Samsung, LG, Huawei and Sony to update devices that are already on the market with future OS versions of Google, which could solve the problem of fragmentation and the abandonment of older devices from manufacturers.


text:
Justia › US Law › US Case Law › US Supreme Court › Volume 272 › Dodge v. United States
Dodge v. United States, 272 U.S. 530 (1926)
Dodge v. United States
Argued October 27, 1926
Decided November 23, 1926
1. Proceedings to forfeit a motor boat under § 26 of Title II of the National Prohibition Act may be maintained even if the seizure of the boat was by a person not authorized, since subsequent adoption of the seizure by the government is retroactive. P. 272 U. S. 531.
2. The jurisdiction of the court in such a case was secured by the fact that the res was in the power of the prohibition director when the libel was filed. P. 272 U. S. 532.
11 F.2d 522 affirmed.
Certiorari (271 U.S. 655) to a judgment of the circuit court of appeals which reversed a judgment of the district court (7 F.2d 189) dismissing a libel brought by the United States to forfeit a motorboat under § 26 of the National Prohibition Act.
CERTIORARI TO THE CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIRST CIRCUIT
MR. JUSTICE HOLMES delivered the opinion of the Court.
This was a proceeding in the district court of the United States for the condemnation of the motorboat Ray of Block Island. The owners appeared as claimants and moved that the libel be dismissed on the ground that the facts alleged did not warrant a condemnation. The district Court granted the motion. 7 F.2d 189.
The circuit court of appeals reversed the decree. 11 F.2d 522. As there was a conflict of decisions between different circuit courts of appeals, a writ of certiorari was granted by this Court. 271 U.S. 655.
The libel was brought under the National Prohibition Act October 28, 1919, c. 85, Title II, § 26, 41 Stat. 305, 315. It alleged that police officers of the City of Providence, Rhode Island, discovered a man named, seemingly one of the claimants, in the act of transporting, contrary to said law, intoxicating liquors in the Ray of Block Island over navigable waters of the United States; that the officers seized the liquors and the boat and arrested the man; that he subsequently was arrested by officers of the United States, was convicted of transporting intoxicating liquors in violation of said law, and was fined; that the motorboat was now in custody of a federal prohibition director for the District of Rhode Island, and that, by reason of the premises, the motorboat was subject to condemnation and sale. The ground on which the libel was dismissed by the district court was that the language of § 26, making it the duty of "the Commissioner, his assistants, inspectors, or any officer of the law" to seize the liquor and vehicle, did not extend to the police officers of the city, who had no authority from the state to take these steps. It is stated in argument and perhaps fairly might be assumed, if we thought it important, that, when the vessel was handed over to the prohibition director, the liquor was no longer aboard, and that the man arrested was not present at the scene. See United States v. One Red Motor Truck, 6 F.2d 412. The circuit court of appeals, while agreeing with the above construction of § 26, held that the government might adopt the seizure and give it retroactive effect. This is in accord with United States v. Story, 294 F. 517, but contrary to United States v. Loomis, 297 F. 359; this last decision being considerably
qualified, however, by the same court in the later case of United States v. One Studebaker Seven-Passenger Sedan, 4 F.2d 534.
The circuit court of appeals relied on the often quoted language of Mr. Justice Story in The Caledonian, 4 Wheat. 100, to the effect that anyone may seize any property for a forfeiture to the government, and that, if the government adopts the act and proceeds to enforce the forfeiture by legal process, this is of no less validity than when the seizure is by authority originally given. The statement is repeated by the same judge in Wood v. United States, 16 Pet. 342, 41 U. S. 359, and Taylor v. United States, 3 How. 197. See also Gelston v. Hoyt, 3 Wheat. 246, 16 U. S. 310. The owner of the property suffers nothing that he would not have suffered if the seizure had been authorized. However effected, it brings the object within the power of the court, which is an end that the law seeks to attain, and justice to the owner is as safe in the one case as in the other. The jurisdiction of the court was secured by the fact that the res was in possession of the prohibition director when the libel was filed. The Richmond, 9 Cranch 102; The Merino, 9 Wheat. 391, 22 U. S. 403. The Underwriter, 13 F.2d 433, 434. We can see no reason for doubting the soundness of these principles when the forfeiture is dependant upon subsequent events any more than when it occurs at the time of the seizure, although it was argued that there was a difference. They seem to us to embody good sense. The exclusion of evidence obtained by an unlawful search and seizure stand on a different ground. If the search and seizure are unlawful as invading personal rights secured by the Constitution, those rights would be infringed yet further if the evidence were allowed to be used. The decree of the circuit court of appeals is affirmed.
Decree affirmed.


The British government just made a big move which could signal that it's about to sell more of its stake in the Royal Bank of Scotland.
On Friday, the bank announced that it has applied to regulators for a change in the way its shares are structured, and this could be a big signal about a possible government share sell-off.
The application was made to convert 51 billion B shares worth 1p each back into 5.1 billion A shares worth £1 each. RBS made the announcement after being instructed by the Treasury to ask for a conversion of the shares. It is not clear exactly what the Treasury intends by doing this, but it may point to a share sell-off some time soon.
The penny shares were created during the bank's bailout in 2008 in order to bypass regulations that prevent any single entity from having more than 75% of voting rights in the bank. Had the B shares not been created in this way, the government's holding would have exceeded the 75% limit.
Turning these B shares back into ordinary ones paves the way for the government to sell off more of the bank that it owns more than two-thirds of. The Treasury has owned RBS shares since the global financial crisis and has only recently started to offload them, starting with the sale of a stake around 5.4% in August. The government received criticism from some corners for selling the shares at 330p each, nearly 35% less than the 502p paid for the shares in 2008.
RBS was on the receiving end of the government's biggest bailout during the 2008 financial crisis, getting over £37 billion of government money — equivalent to £617 per UK citizen — to prevent it, and other banks from collapsing.
Elsewhere, the government's sale of its shares in Lloyds, the other bank in which it invested heavily during 2008, are continuing, and the government's stake has just dropped below 11%. Stock market announcements show that the government's stake in Lloyds has fallen by 1.01% since September 25th, and now sits at 10.97%.
At its peak, 43% of shares in the bank were state owned. The government is expected to continue its sell-off to the market over the coming months, before making £2 billion worth of shares available at a discount to ordinary investors, ending any involvement in Lloyds.
"It's fantastic news that we've sold more shares in Lloyds Bank, taking the total recovered for the taxpayer to £15.5 billion. I am determined to build on this success by making Lloyds shares available to the public next Spring, so that we can build a share-owning democracy and continue to reduce our national debt." said Chancellor George Osborne on Friday.


text:
Q: MVC 3 - multiple controllers or controller with multiple actions plus routing I'm putting together a simple enough brochure site and decided to use MVC3 as a learning opportunity. Content of certain sections of the website will be stored in a DB and can be updated by an admin via a simple GUI. I decided not to use a prebuilt CMS again to learn how to do database operations in this language which is new to me.
I want a very simple URL structure:
foo.com (home)
foo.com/bio
foo.com/news
foo.com/about
foo.com/events

etc
The straightforward way to achieve that is to have a controller for each page, and use the Index() ActionResult of each controller.
Is it OK / best practice to have a controller for each of these pages of the site? News and Events won't have subpages, but might have paging, with the URL looking something like
foo.com/news/
foo.com/news/page2
foo.com/news/page3
foo.com/news/page4

If I had a single controller, and used multiple actions, the URLs by default look like
foo.com (home)
foo.com/home/bio
foo.com/home/news
foo.com/home/about
foo.com/home/events

Which would then have me updating the routing to achieve what I want.

A: With respect to the use of controllers, I think the best practice is to have a particular controller for a domain of action or domain of content, not by the hierarchy of your main menu.
For example:
Your main page:
foo.com

Controller -> Home
Method -> Index
Parameter -> null
foo.com/news/2

Controller -> news
Method -> Index
Parameter -> 2
But Home and News are two different "equal" controllers, it just happens that the first controller the user interacts with is the Home controller.

A: In the case you want to use a single controller, you might try,
routes.MapRoute(
    name: "Default",
    url: "{action}/{page}",
    defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", page = UrlParameter.Optional },
    constraints: new { page = new PagingConstraint() }
);

as route defination. And to only allow paging for "news" and "events", use a custom route constraint as,
public class PagingConstraint : IRouteConstraint
{
    private static readonly string[] PagingEnabledActions = new string[] { "news", "events" };

    public bool Match(HttpContextBase httpContext, Route route, string parameterName, RouteValueDictionary values, RouteDirection routeDirection)
    {
        return string.IsNullOrEmpty(values[parameterName].ToString()) || new Regex(@"^[Pp][Aa][Gg][Ee][0-9]+$", RegexOptions.Compiled).IsMatch(values[parameterName].ToString())
            && PagingEnabledActions.Contains(values["action"].ToString().ToLower());
    }
}

Hope this helps.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
home | about us | join us | events | contact
:: What is Epilepsy
- Factsheets
- Living with Epilepsy
- Q & A
- First Aid
:: Web Resources
:: Our Sitemap
:: SEF Forum ::
Epilepsy Factsheets:
Family & Social Situation
10% of people with epilepsy expressed strained family relationships, citing em-barrassment, financial strain and being a burden to spouse and family members as chief reasons.
20% also admitted to difficulty making friends or maintaining a relationship at work or in social gatherings. Low self-esteem, fear of avoidance and embarrassment were among the common reasons.
Almost 42% also chose not to divulge their medical condition to their friends. 49 - 53% of responders cite resentment, depression and anxiety as their main psychological barriers. About
70% of people with epilepsy indicated that they would want to marry and have children. While 86% of community respondents (non-people with epilepsy) agreed that people with epilepsy should marry, only about 36% would allow their children to marry one.
Up to 38% of employers would hire an epilepsy sufferer though 66% would do so if seizures did not interfere with the epilepsy sufferer�s job. Almost half of the people with epilepsy polled keep their medical condition from their employers. As part of their employee medical benefits, employers in general do provide varying amounts of subsidy for employee health care visits.
Employers are understandably hesitant in employing people with chronic illnesses that could require frequent clinic visits and time off work. There currently doe not exist any sheltered workshops or government initiatives to encourage employers to hire people with epilepsy.
The type of jobs available to people with epilepsy could also be curtailed by their level of education and their educational exposure and progress during their developing years.


The Crowning with Thorns, is a piece of art that was painted in 1602/1604, although some people claim it must have been painted in 1607 when Caravaggio fled Rome.
The painting was created using oil on canvas and is said to have been created for Vincenzo Giustiniani's collection.
Giustiniani was Caravaggio's patron and held the artist's works in high regards as he admired the intense realism in the paintings.
The Crowning with Thorns depicts an image of Christ while soldiers attach the crown of thorns onto his head, while an official looks on.
The Crowning of Thorns, like many other of the artist's work, is likely to have been created without a workshop due to the artist spending a lot of his time on the run from the law. The painting is now found in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.
The Crowning of Thorns was painted during the Baroque period of European art, often showing dramatic scenes highlighting tension, power and endurance.
This kind of art was encouraged by the Church at the time. The Crowning with Thorns is one of fifteen works by Caravaggio that became part of Giustiniani's collection, this collection became extremely influential in European art.
The work is painted true to the artists signature technique, showing light selectively illuminating certain acts through shadows. The Crowning of Thorns depicts Christ as he is having the crown of thorns brutally attached to his head.
The scene shows Christ who is clearly enduring pain but is accepting and submissive to his torturers. The look on Christ's face and posture implies he is passively suffering the torture that is being inflicted on him. Jesus is shirtless and bare; his pale skin is a contract to the soldiers who are clothed and have tan, bronze skin.
The soldiers hammer the crown of thorns into Christ's head, and have expressions that are painted in a way that implies they are enjoying it, possibly showing the relationship between pleasure and pain. Light shines down on the scene and in the shadows, there is an official looking on.
The official slouches on a bar watching on, he looks bored and shows no empathy while witnessing this horrendous act. This Crowning of Thorns is a subject used in another painting by Caravaggio, an earlier work depicted a similar scene with a few differences but has the same title and is said to have been painted around 1604/1605.


text:
News: Music Industry News Round Up – 3/8/19
Alison Clancy March 10, 2019 0 0
1) Spotify Quietly Launches in India Despite Warner Opposition
Though Spotify hasn't officially launched in India, local music fans have reported being able to download the mobile Android app and create an account. The quiet roll-out also comes amidst legal battles with Warner/Chappell Music.
Bombay's high court has allowed the launch for the time being. If the streaming company uses Warner's music moving forward, they'll be required to track usage and pay royalties. (Read more)
2) Sony/ATV Inks Publishing Deal with Superstar Dolly Parton
Sony/ATV Music Publishing announced that they will represent the impressive catalog of Dolly Parton, including songs like "I Will Always Love You," "Jolene," and "9 to 5." The deal covers North America, as well as other territories that don't have existing sub-publishing arrangements.
"Dolly Parton is a true musical icon and we are unbelievably excited to get the chance to work with her again," said Sony/ATV Chairman and CEO Martin Bandier. "Her importance, influence and legacy as a recording artist is recognized the world over, but more than anything she stands out as an exceptional songwriter with a peerless catalog of songs, which we are honored to represent." (Read more)
3) US Music Industry Experiences Third Straight Year of Double-Digit Growth
For the third year in a row, the music industry in the US has posted double-digit growth. According to the RIAA's year-end revenue report, US recorded-music revenues rose 12% to their highest level in a decade. The growth is attributed to paid music subscriptions, rising 42% to 50.2 million.
"Fifty million subscriptions illustrate fans' unrivaled love for music and the way it shapes our identities and culture — and showcases an industry that has embraced the future and found a healthy path forward in the digital economy," said Mitch Glazer, RIAA Chairman and CEO. (Read more)
4) Scott Cohen Becomes Chief Innovation Officer at Warner Music
Warner Music Group (WMG) has hired Scott Cohen as Chief Innovation Officer, Recorded Music. Cohen will report to Max Lousada, WMG CEO, Recorded Music. Cohen was previously the cofounder of distribution company The Orchard, from which he retired last month after 22 years of service.
"Scott spots and champions emerging technology with the same level of passion, creativity and ambition that our A&Rs bring to artist development," said Max Lousada. "A valuable addition to our senior team, he'll be an amazing brand ambassador and thought-leader, who joins a great lineage of maverick entrepreneurs at the independent major." (Read more)
5) Island Records Names Christine Kauffman as SVP of Brand Partnerships
Christine Kauffman has become the Senior Vice President of Brand Partnerships at Island Records, as announced by Island President Darcus Beese. Kauffman will report to Eric Wong, Island's Chief Operating Officer and will work out of New York.
"The fast-paced and competitive field of strategic brand marketing has become an important focus of the music industry during the past decade," said Beese. "With Christine's wide-ranging areas of specialization, it is crystal clear to me that she is the perfect executive to bring Island's brand partnerships operation to the forefront of our industry." (Read more)
Tags music industry news
Alison Clancy
Contributing Writer for LoveThisTrack.com. Obsessively makes playlists and poorly plays the ukulele. Card-carrying Beyhive member. Find me on Instagram and Twitter: @alisonCsays.
News: JAY-Z, Chance the Rapper, Halsey, and Miley Cyrus Among Rumored Woodstock 50 Performers
New Video: DJ Kay Slay f/ Nya Lee, Lexxy & EMC Scotty "My Sisters Keeper"
Tyler Perry To Host Aretha Franklin Tribute Concert, Performances by Jennifer Hudson, Patti LaBelle, John Legend, and More
Dana H. December 27, 2018
News: La La Anthony Launches New Denim Collection At In-Store Event With Ashley Stewart
News: Top Music Industry News This Week – 11/23/18
Alison Clancy November 23, 2018
News: Spotify Announces Plans to Let Independent Artists Directly Upload Their Music For Free
Josmary Gonzalez September 22, 2018
Music News: Sony Music Entertainment Partners with A&R/Entrepreneur Jonathan Master For New Joint Venture Label, SamePlate
Dana H. June 7, 2018
Donald Glover Gives A Tour of Lando's Millennium Falcon in 'Solo: A Star Wars Story'
Lucas Benedict May 3, 2018
Music News: Nipsey Hussle Announces 'Victory Lap' Tour
Dana H. April 19, 2018
Music News: Bruno Mars, Cardi B, SZA, Logic, Khalid, Alessia Cara & More To Perform At 60th Grammy Awards
Dana H. January 10, 2018


French Writing Bureau/Desk, Circa 1880. Oak Case, Lemon Tree cabinetry inside, Marble Top. This is an amazing piece of furniture, the writing desk opens out and extends to 40cm. There are 5 drawers in the desk and drawers inside the doors.


It's easy to unsubscribe at a later date if you wish to do so simply by clicking the link on the bottom of every email we send. Giving you full control.
All we need is your email address. This will only ever be used to send your newsletter to, we will not contact you for any other reason.
* The discount is applicable to full priced items only and cannot be used in conjunction with any other 4LED promotion or offer. An email will be sent to you immediately with your voucher code which will be able to be used straight away. Voucher valid for 30 days.


This great rural location is minutes to the Betsie River and Crystal Mountain and an easy drive to shopping. 5 acres with some open and some treed area. This raised ranch home offers 3 bdrm/2 baths on the main level and an open walkout lower level that can be finished for additional living space. The pole construction garage has room for 1 car and tons of storage and work area. This home needs a bit of TLC and will be a real winner.


Please note we don't accept more applications at this moment.
At CPAPMan, we're pleased to announce that we're starting our very own scholarship award! We will be offering one scholarship worth a total of $500, paid to the high school senior, undergraduate, or post-graduate student who writes the best story about sleep apnea or CPAP therapy.
This application is open only to college undergrads, graduate students, and high school students planning to attend college within the following year. If you are not planning on attending school within the following year, you are ineligible for the scholarship. There is no minimum grade point average requirement.
Applicants are asked to write 400-750 word story about sleep disorders, sleep apnea, or CPAP therapy. This may be a personal story, or it may be entirely fictional. Creativity is encouraged. The most successful essays will accurately integrate accurate information about sleep disorders or CPAP within an entertaining narrative.
Students applying for the scholarship should submit their essay prior to the deadline on December 30th, 2015. Please email your essay as an attachment to [email protected]. Your email should include the phrase "scholarship essay" and it should also have your name, school, and student number.
The winning submission - and possibly some of the runners-up – will be featured on our blog, which you can read here. Thank you for your interest, and good luck with your scholarship application!


When it comes to collaboration, the old Google Documents (the word processing part of the Google Docs suite, which also includes spreadsheets and presentations) could take the changes made to a document made by one user and mirror them out to any other users who were editing that document at the same time. The process required nothing of clients but a Web browser and Internet connection. It usually took 10 to 15 seconds. Recently improvements have made to the collaboration so changes happen with seconds, basically Real Time.
Google Form (New Feature) Helps you easily gather information from a large number of people without having to send and receive multiple emails.Create a form in a Google Docs and send it out to anyone with an email address. They won't need to sign in, and they can respond directly from the email message.Responses are automatically added to your spreadsheet.
Includes the level and ease of functionality for file sharing and collaboration that enterprises may have already attached to Outlook by way of add-ons, but which aren't available for everyday Outlook users.
A web based word processor for people to collaborate in real-time. It's a little faster than the improved Google Docs.
Neat website that helps you and your buddy (or buddies) navigate pages together and note interesting parts, especially if you're both on separate places and are talking about a cool website.
Lets you share and annotate documents with team members, students, clients, etc. Also, after every meeting, an HTML5 report is automatically generated with the meeting minutes so you can keep track of what was said and done, hence the name.
Fundamental purpose of Collaborize Classroom is to provide a discussion forum for teachers and students. On Collaborize Classroom teachers can post assignments, notes, and media for students. Students can reply to the teacher and to each other. To help teachers keep track of student use of their sites, Collaborize Classroom provides teachers participation and activity reports about each registered user of their sites.
Designed to create shared workspaces where teams collaborate on work projects, research and big ideas. Designed for peak productivity and quick decision making, CaptureToCloud workspaces bring together all relevant information for each project.
Fotopedia is the first collaborative photo encyclopedia. A photo encyclopedia that hopes to become the Wikipedia for photos by centralizing the photo experience around user-created topics and subject matters. The sleek web interface is coupled with a desktop application for a community experience on site or off.
Your audience isn't on Twitter.
Your discussion is not a public forum.
You see only relevent updates.
Todays Meet is similar to Twitter or Edmodo, as it gets students chatting, using a 140-character limit and an easy-to-use interface. Todays Meet is a backchannel, which helps teachers conduct online discussions, while channeling the results onto one web page or an Interactive White Board. Students can get to Todays Meet with the click of a mouse, if the teacher provides a link on a classroom blog or classroom web site. Once there, students login to Todays Meet simply by typing their name and clicking Join. No accounts or passwords are needed for teachers or students to use Todays Meet. Ease of use is one of Todays Meet's best features. When students and teachers want to speak, they type in a short sentence or two and click Say. Students or teachers using Twitter can join a Todays Meet conversation, as long as they have the twitter hashtag the teacher has set up.
Create a private room and invite via email or URL, includes advanced features such as the ability to use commands.


Our house came with a fully fenced backyard, which we are grateful for. We have two strong and easily excitable dogs, and all they want is to lick the faces of people and dogs passing by our house. They especially love small children, who are low to the ground that they can easily knock down and love unconditionally. Needless to say, a fence is a must.
We've been planning to address the fence situation since day one. One of the challenges is how to handle the different types of fencing we have. We could never find a perfect solution without burning a big hole in our pocket, and there was more urgent and structure fixes in line (roof! I am looking at you). Therefore, the fence project waited.
This summer, we pledged to get the fence upgraded. It is hard to spend money on replacing things that are still functional – we cannot help but feeling a little guilty whining about our first world problems. But we both want the fence to be upgraded. The dislike to the chain link kept bothering us, especially after we have put all the effort into landscaping the front yard. We knew in our heart that the key upgrade to our curb appeal is still going to be a brand new wooden fence.
And not just any wooden fence. It needs to be a statement fence. A fence calls attention to itself. Our house is rather unimpressive (aka ugly), so we really need a fab fence with modern feels to make the whole property look up-to-date.
As you can see from the pictures, our current front fences are aligned with the back of the house. It resulted in two side yards that are largely useless. All we ever do with them is mowing.
The exact location of the new front fence was an easy decision. Our neighbor on the North already has a wooden fence, so we will line up our front fences with theirs to make the street view look more uniform.
The new fence line sits about 2/3 towards the front of the house, approximately 18′ forward from the original chain link. It will not only provide us over 600 sqft of new "backyard" space, but also includes our HVAC unit and one basement bedroom window into the "backyard".
The new fence line will meet the house just behind the other bedroom window. We could not move the fence to the front of the window due to the location of our gas meter. Luckily this window is tucked behind an evergreen and hard to see from the street, we feel pretty good about taking the views of easy targets off the street.
One the other side of the house, a more forwarded front fence will provide a landing pad for unsightly trash cans and clothing line. It can also be used as a parking spot for Slav's trailer. We will be building a 10′ wide driving gate here.
On the lot line between us and our neighbor to the South, we have another section of chain link. It joins with a panel of wooden fence at the very back, which connects to the back fence.
The back of our property significantly slopes down at the last 20 feet. The back fence is actually built on top of a 5′ tall retaining wall, but the chain link on the side follows the slope and runs downward. It ends in the yard of another neighbor, who shares this corner with us. This property just changed hands and the new owner has three really reactive and barky dogs. As a precaution, we blocked this corner with a sheet of plywood, because we are fancy like that.
This is the view from the back of the plywood. You can see neighbor's house in distance.
To replace the chain link here, we will remove its entire length as well as the wooden panel above, and build a new 6′ privacy fence on this side. It is difficult to decide on the height because we are pretty close to our neighbor on this side, and their dog plays with our dogs along the fence. We need to find a way for the dogs to continue playing. Design challenge accepted.
This chain link fence does not provide much function except being a very effective trash trap. See the elm trees coming in between the two fences? They were not planted intentionally. They came up like weeds and because of the chain link, there is no way of removing them.
Why is the chain link even there? We dug into the permit history for both our property and neighbor's. Apparently our chain link was built first. Then when comes to the time our neighbor to the North constructed their fence, it was put up against the chain link. It is not uncommon, but to me and Slav, who grew up in villages where neighbor's were close, this type of situation is just so bizarre.
But hot mess no more. We will remove the chain link on this side and repair our neighbor's fence at our expense. As soon as the chain link is gone, trash (Elm) trees, your days are numbered.
We are lucky to have at least some wooden fence in the back. It was built in the 80's and still have some life in them. They are not pretty by any means, but there is a retaining wall right behind it and it is just better to let the sleeping dogs lie.
We trimmed the dead trees around it, power washed it, and refinished it. We also planted fruit trees and climbing roses in front of it. So it stays.
Based on our current plan, we have 130 feet of 6′ cedar fence to construct and 200 feet of chain link to take down. This is gonna be our last outdoor project for 2018. And we are rushing to finish it before the ground freezes. This post has gone longer than I planned, so I will leave the actual design of our fence to the next post. There is no shortage of challenges with building a fence for the first time. And we are welcome any advice/suggestions you might have. Also, if you are in the Greater Denver Area and know anyone who could use 200 feet of chain link, let us know!


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Aquobex Ltd.
Unit 4, Genesis Building, Library Avenue, Harwell Science Park ,
Didcot ,
Oxfordshire OX11 0SG
Web: www.aquobex.com
products applications industries services
Aquobex visits Japan
Courtesy of Aquobex Ltd.
As part of the EU Gateway Environment and Water Technologies mission to Japan, Aquobex was lucky to visit Tokyo and attend the New Environmental Exposition at the Big Sight Tokyo exhibition centre.
This was an excellent opportunity for Aquobex to build on our existing network in Japan and to establish new relationships going forward. Since our previous visit Aquobex has had some exciting developments in terms of products and services to offer into the Japanese market.
With extreme flooding hitting the country just last year, there is a growing demand for increasing the resilience of communities and companies to the impacts of flooding and there is a growing excitement at the possibilities that our mobile flood barriers can offer. Of particular interest were Rapidam Rigid and Rapidam Flexi as a means of replacing the traditional sandbags that are still widely used in Japan.
The Ministry for Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan are responsible for flood risk management and do an admirable job of protecting what is one of the most complex countries in the world when it comes to natural hazards and the exposure of millions of people in cities like Tokyo as well as critical infrastructure like nuclear power plants.
On Thursday night we were welcomed at the European Commission's Delegation at Europa House where Japan's Minister for the Environment Mr Minoru Kiuchi received all of the visitors and representatives of the Japanese environmental and energy industries. See more info at this link.
While in Japan, we also took the chance to build awareness of I-React, the early warning and emergency management system that can help first responders and citizens to react in a quicker and more efficient way, saving more lives. In a country that experiences earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, floods, droughts and everything else you can think of, a system like I-React is of critical importance.
We had the pleasure of visiting the Rinkai Disaster Prevention Park which is the dedicated zone for disaster response for Tokyo where coordination of emergency services and the storing of emergency equipment is centrally managed.
Within the park is an excellent educational centre where citizens can go to learn about evacuation procedures through simulated earthquakes that makes use of augmented reality and a modelled city-scape complete with broken buildings and flashing lights. It's really an experience and certainly something that many other countries can learn from. If only we had something like this in the UK.
We look forward to building on the new relationships we formed during this mission and to engaging more with this fascinating country.
mobile flood barrier
flood barrier
Government Agencies Are You Prepared? How to use Electrocoagulation Technology for Emergency Water ...
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Nuclear power can save the world
Expanding technology is the fastest way to slash greenhouse gas emissions and decarbonize the economy. Drs. Goldstein and Qvist are the authors of "A Bright Future: How Some Countries Have Solved Climate Change and the Rest Can Follow." Dr. Pinker is a psychology professor at Harvard. As young people rightly demand real solutions to climate change, the question is not what to do — eliminate fossil fuels by 2050 — but how. Beyond decarbonizing today's electric grid, we...
Chile 2014 Mega-Earthquake - Case Study
Reducing casualties by a factor of 100 In 2010, Chile suffered a massive earthquake (8.8!). The Tsunami claimed the lives of 560 people. Four years later, another mega-earthquake (8.3) hit the Chilean shore. This time the death toll was 5 dead. The difference was a national alert system developed and deployed by evigilo in 2012. In February 2010, Chile has suffered from one of the worst earthquakes in its history. The event was even more tragic as the country has been hit also by a devastating tsunami right...
Peru Navy Tide Gauge Network developed by GEONICA recorded neatly the 2011 Japan tsunami
BACKGROUND The Directorate of Hydrography and Navigation of Peru ( HIDRONAV ), dependent of Peru Navy, has acquired from GEONICA S.A. a System consisting of Ten (10) Tide Gauges Stations including still images cameras and One (1) Control Center which are, nowadays, totally functional. Hence, the Peru Nation has been provided by a Tide Level Registration, Storage, Transmission and Monitoring System along the entire coast and, most importantly, has been set with a Prevention and Early Warning System...
Forests Serve as Freshwater Infrastructure
Restoring watershed headwaters is examined as a water storage strategy A global realization is dawning about the pressing need for more freshwater storage infrastructure to support growing populations in our time of climate change. Faced with the astronomical costs of constructing such infrastructure, however, water management is beginning to look at existing natural features that can serve the same purpose. Depleted aquifers beneath our feet can be recharged with recycled water without the expense and environmen...
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My research interests focus on women and politics, local politics, research methods, and environmental politics.
My book, Women in Politics in the American City (Temple University Press) examines the effect of the female mayors and city council members on urban politics.
I currently am researching gender and political ambition, how local politics change when cities encounter financial distresses, the role of religious beliefs in political attitudes and actions, gender and the 2016 election, and the pathways to political office, as well as a variety of other projects. My research used a variety of advanced methods, with a focus on experimental and survey research.
Please feel free to contact me (mholman [at] tulane [dot] edu) if you would like access to any of my working papers or published work.
I am currently organizing (with Rachel Bernhard, Shauna Shames, and Dawn Teele) a Dialogues piece at Politics, Groups and Identities and an edited volume on Good Reasons to Run, which focuses on the ways that we can get a more diverse group of people running for office.


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Home / Faculty / Judith A. Baer
Judith A. Baer
j-baer@tamu.edu
Scholars@TAMU Profile
Dr. Judith A. Baer is a specialist in public law and feminist jurisprudence. She is the author of several books and articles. Our Lives Before the Law: Constructing a Feminist Jurisprudence (Princeton University Press) won the American Political Science Association's Victoria Schuck Award for the best book on women and politics published in 1999. Her casebook, Constitutional and Legal Rights for Women, co-authored with Leslie Goldstein of the University of Delaware, was published in 2006. She has been a fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. and a Fulbright Scholar in Istanbul, Turkey.
Dr. Baer was president of the Women's Caucus for Political Science in 2002-2003. She was a member of the American Political Science Association Council from 2003 to 2005. Other professional activities include a term on the council of the Southwestern Political Science Association, a term as editor of the Women's Caucus Political Science Quarterly, and service on the program committees of several national and regional associations. She has served on the editorial board of Women and Politics and is now series editor for the Greenwood Series in Reproductive Rights and Policy.
Prior to joining the Texas A&M University faculty, Dr. Baer taught at the State University of New York at Albany and the California State Polytechnic University, Pomona.
POLS Links


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The Trinidad and Tobago Bureau Standards (TTBS) is the national Body for Quality Certification as declared in the Standards Act 18 of 1997. We offer Certification to ISO 9001:2015 – Quality Management System — Requirements. The certification process involves an audit of the system to confirm that the requirements have been suitably implemented.
The adoption of a quality management system is a strategic decision for an organization that can help to improve its overall performance and provide a sound basis for sustainable development initiatives.
d) the ability to demonstrate conformity to specified quality management system requirements.


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Farmers and ranchers are some of the hardest workers out there.
However, for as hard of workers as farmers and ranchers are, their equipment works even harder. Tractors and farm equipment are subject to much abuse from the rugged and demanding conditions of dry, dirty and untamed fields.
Tractors deserve to be taken care of for all their hard work! Routine tractor maintenance and care are important for maintaining a longer life for your tractor and ensuring it performs up to the taxing demands of everyday work out on the farms and fields they care for.
By performing these few simple checks after every use (or at least once a week) you can make sure your tractor stays running strong all season long. They will take you only a couple minutes to knock out and are well worth the time.
Let's get started. Here are 4 important, routine tractor maintenance checks.
Oil is one of the most important factors for keeping your tractor running strong. It lubricates your engine and all its individual parts as well as helping to prevent overheating by absorbing heat given off by all its moving parts. Spending much of its time working in a hot field, that second part is particularly important.
It's healthy to change your tractor's oil and oil filter about every 100 hours of use. But, in between that, regularly checking your tractor's oil level is important. If there isn't enough oil, your engine won't stay lubricated and cool which can cause it to wear out and overheat faster. After every use, take a minute to check your dipstick. If your levels are below the recommended level, top it off.
The farm and field can be an unforgiving place for tractor tires. From stubble, rocks, debris and everything else, tractor tires are at high risk of punctures, damage and excessive wearing down every day. Without a set of sturdy tires, a tractor isn't much good.
Before you call it a day, give your tires a quick inspection. Make sure there are no punctures, leaks or that you tire pressure is solid. Tires with low pressure are at greater risk of puncture and damage, so be sure to top them off with air if necessary. By checking your tires at the end of the day you can also catch any punctures, tears or damage right away and deal with them immediately instead of being surprised with a flat tire first thing in the morning.
With all the dirt, dust and grass flying around, tractors can get dirty fast! If left unnoticed, all this stuff can work its way into every nook and cranny. Once it gets stuck it can gum up the works under the hood or underneath the vehicle and can even contribute to wear, rust and corrosion of the body leading to repairs and replacements.
Treat your tractor to a nice cleaning at least once a week. You don't have to go totally overboard with cleaning either. A simple lathering of soap and water is enough to do the job. What's important is you do your best to hit tough to reach areas where dirt and dust can hide and do the most damage to your tractor.
There are lots of hoses, belts and tubes under the hood of your tractor that help make it go. The rough conditions, heavy vibration can sometimes loosen or damage these components under the hood. Something as inconspicuous as a belt or a hose can make a world of a difference, so it's important every small detail is in order.
At least once a week we recommend taking a look under the hood to make sure everything is in working order. Check items like spark plugs, radiator hoses, belts and air filters to make sure they are still in good condition. If anything needs replaced, don't delay and take care of it right away.
Raben Tire offers 24-Hour in-field service for any farm tire repair or replacement. Learn More!


140cm wide lovely 100% viscose lining.
115cm wide Superior Quality 65% poly 35% cotton craft dress fabric or lining material in purple.
115cm wide Superior Quality 65% poly 35% cotton craft dress fabric or lining material in silver grey.
115cm wide Superior Quality 65% poly 35% cotton craft dress fabric or lining material in white.
140cm wide, simply glorious bright red breathable viscose lining fabric.
140cm wide, breathable viscose dress lining in burgundy, navy and gold striped.
150cm wide Fabulous paisley polyester lining fabric in damson, blue & lilac.
150cm wide, lovely quality dress lining in a dark red with a lighter red polka dots. This fabric is perfect for lining jackets and suits.
150cm wide 100% Polyester dress lining fabric with an all over small spotty design.
Good quality polyester dress lining in copper gold - made for Barbour.
Viscose Lining mid grey cloth with an all over fairly wide paisley pattern. 140cm wide.
143cm wide quite posh linings in grey.
Viscose Lining in light brown, mocca brown very fine herringbone stripe. 158cm wide.
Posh Lining made of viscose in khaki, 156cm wide.
Posh Lining made of viscose in bronze, 136cm wide which is made up of brown and black yarns.
Posh Lining made of viscose in beige – 140cm wide.
Posh Lining made of viscose in dark plum – 140cm wide with fine twill weave.
135cm wide good quality polyester dress lining in a dark olive colour - made for Barbour.
140cm wide Viscose/ Polyester fancy dress lining in dark chocolate brown with a lighter brown polka dot print. Great if You want a little more interest from other four linings.
140cm wide Viscose/ Polyester fancy dress lining in taupe with black lace print. Perfect for jazzing up the inside of any garments.
We have a new collection of paisley linings - presently we are offering it in six colours, a nice quality polyester/viscose lining.
145cm wide Paisley linings - presently we are offering it in six colours, a nice quality polyester/viscose lining. This one comes in Champagne with a pink undertone.
145cm wide Paisley linings - presently we are offering it in six colours, a nice quality polyester/viscose lining. This one is a lovely shade of red.
There we have a fabulous collection of our new paisley changeant linings in new 10 colours! 145cm wide good quality polyester paisley lining in black.
There we have a fabulous collection of our new paisley changeant linings in new 10 colours! 145cm wide good quality polyester paisley lining in gold and beige.
There we have a fabulous collection of our new paisley changeant linings in new 10 colours! 145cm wide good quality polyester paisley lining in navy and royal.
There we have a fabulous collection of our new paisley changeant linings in new 10 colours! 145cm wide good quality polyester paisley lining in pink and rose.
There we have a fabulous collection of our new paisley changeant linings in new 10 colours! 145cm wide good quality polyester paisley lining in purple and lilac.
There we have a fabulous collection of our new paisley changeant linings in new 10 colours! 145cm wide good quality polyester paisley lining in royal and gold.
There we have a fabulous collection of our new paisley changeant linings in new 10 colours! 145cm wide good quality polyester paisley lining in silver and grey.
A very nice unusual viscose lining fabric with a Pringle style design. 140cm wide in pale blue.
160cm wide tailor's lining fabric of a quality of a bygone era and you don't have to use this as a lining. In brown a fancy four stripe at 3cm intervals.
Viscose Lining in plain shot silvery grey. 158cm wide.
Posh Lining made of viscose in black – 145cm wide Very satiny.
150cm wide here are such breathable ex Barbour 100% polyester, finely coated cloth. One in blue, one in khaki. Both with the same design except the blue has claret and light blue little bits.
150cm wide breathable ex Barbour 100% polyester, finely coated cloth. One in blue, one in khaki. Both with the same design except the khaki one has cream and brown little bits.
It's 150cm wide 100% polyester suiting which for all the world feels like wool worsted, but obviously hasn't being polyester, and it's supper soft comes in another shade of dark grey.


Super Eagles ace, Peter Odemwingie will put his country before club in the New Year after electing to play in the Africa Cup of Nations.
West Brom's striker is eager to make himself available for what might be his last chance of glory with Nigeria.
With the Baggies' victory over Southampton pushing the club up to the giddy heights of fifth, the forward has therefore pushed himself forward for selection.
"It's hard not to go for this,' he said, 'it could be my last one and it is a different situation now from the first two years at the club. My goals here were very important.
"Now any player can play well. We have good players who can play well for a whole month and I'm sure the club will do well without me.
"I have a few things to clarify with the Nigeria manager because he substituted me in his first game, very early in the second-half.
"But after speaking to him, he said it was nothing personal that the whole team was playing badly and unfortunately for me, he started by taking me off.
"Everything has settled down now. He says that if I want to play, I'm welcome. So, of course, it's my country which I love and I'm going to play for them.
West Brom's head coach Steve Clarke will also miss midfield kingpin Youssouf Mulumbu who has been one of the Baggies' star performers this season.
Mulumbu is due to play with the DR Congo at the same time and Odemwingie feels West Brom have the depth of squad to cope.


Under load, I can see load figures using GPU-Z, but HWiNFO stays at 0%. The temps align okay though. What am I doing wrong?
I need to check this in detail. Please attach the HWiNFO Debug File which captures both situations - idle and under load.
Many thanks for the super-fast response.
So without Debug Mode it doesn't crash, just the GPU Utilization is stuck at 0% and with Debug Mode it always crashes?
In case it crashes, then please attach the Debug File that has been created.
Does the attached Debug File capture the system crash? It doesn't seem so.
After enabling Debug File have you started HWiNFO from the beginning (initial scan) ?
In the Debug File you attached before I can't see any problem - HWiNFO closes properly. I can also see that you haven't opened sensors.
1. Delete any debug file present.
2. Make sure you haven't HWiNFO set for autorun.
3. Make sure Debug Mode is enabled.
4. Start HWiNFO and open sensors.
5. After the system crashes, reboot it and don't run HWiNFO again.
6. Just get the Debug File stored and attach here.
Thanks, I'm going to analyze them now. Just a question to be sure - did during both of these two tests a BSOD occur as well ?


Middle School and High School may be some of the toughest years of life, but we don't have to go alone! Here at Pleasant Grove Youth we can encourage one another, grow together, and have a great time with each other.
We have weekly Youth Group and other fun activities throughout the week, so be sure to watch the calendar and follow us on Instagram to stay in touch!


This is a placeholder page for Amber Gullett, which means this person is not currently on this site. We do suggest using the tools below to find Amber Gullett.
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EXPERTS FOR SPECIAL PROJECTS Windsor group has access to a number of experts in various disciplines who are available to take on special projects in the nonprofit sector.
A masterful hands-on strategist and consummate 'right hand man, David has led and executed a number of large-scale strategic and business-critical projects across the nonprofit sector. Most recent projects have been at UnitingCare Queensland, GoodStart Early Learning and Mission Australia.
David is now eager to look at projects where he can use his expertise in diagnostic change management to "lend a hand" as a project leader, 2IC, interim executive, coach, strategist or mentor. Or, perhaps in some other way that will suit your purposes even better.
Flexible, affordable and nonprofit-friendly, you couldn't ask for a better helper!
So, if you have a big, hard or under resourced project that you're confronting and know you're going to need some help, ring Amy at Windsor on 3211 0001 or email and we can tell you more or put you directly in touch with this expert.


Half of 50, Here I am!
Yesterday I celebrated my 25th birthday! It donged on me that I am now half way to being 50!!! As I looked back on my life over these past few days I have realized just how fast the years have flown by. I can remember being a preteen and daydreaming about the day I would finally turn 16, like it was such a huge milestone in my life to be 16 and in high school! once I turned 16 I was not satisfied, I wanted to be older so I could have more "freedom" I just couldn't wait to be 18. I wanted so badly to be grown and out on my own that I "ran away" from home at 17 and stayed with a friend, then a family member, and then a dear friend of the family's. It was then that I felt grown up,I guess you could say, but little did I know that I was rushing through my life, wanting it to go by faster, that I didn't get to fully enjoy being a teenage….. I didn't get experience life as a teen and all the things that came with being in high school……. Shortly after I moved out I meet a man that I have called my husband for the past 6 1/2 years :-). When we first meet we were inseparable, still are lol. Once things got serious I really wanted to rush my life so that I could be 18 and marry this man that I love so much. once I turned 18 we got married 6 months later and by then I had dropped out of high school bc some part of me couldn't understand how I could be a wife in high school….. bc it just doesn't go together lol…… So we got married and moved in with my mom and step-dad for 3 weeks while we waited to close on our house! it was so exciting, here I was 18, a newlywed, closing on our first house! After we finally moved in and got settled I felt as though I was finally where I always wanted to be, an adult. Here I was married, not in school, no job, and just sitting at home all day doing my "wifely" duties. Soon I began to feel like I was loosing who I was as a person. I had no independence…. I then realized how fast I was trying to get through my life! Many have said that I have always acted older than I really am and I guess that is what pushed me to want to actually be older. Although,having that being said, people would often forget how old I really was and would call me immature in my moments that I would somewhat act my age. It wasn't until I was 19 that my view on life changed and that was when I gave my life to Christ! Then is when I really started living and enjoying what life had to offer me through serving God! So here I am 25 years old and taking each day as it comes. I am no longer waiting to be older or trying to rush my life, but instead I am allowing God to guide me and mature me. Here I am half way to being 50 and loving every minute of it. I work, I volunteer, I go to school, I teach children's church, I sing in worship, I am a wife, and I long to be a mother. This is me now, no longer trying to just get through my life, but living it. Here I am….. Here I am, I am where I want to be.
This entry was posted in myself and tagged #mylife.