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What is it doing now?
Evan dismissed this accident too quickly in the other thread.
As he said, it is quite complex and I am still struggling to understand the facts.
But in summary, it seems that due to a number of issues and conflicting information FOUR FLIGHT CONTROL COMPUTERS gave up on the elevator, leaving it frozen at zero, not providing even direct law control for which as far as I know said computers don't need any information or input other than the sidestick input, which was not compromised.
And, as a side note, here we have an Airbus pilot facing a very confusing situation and improvising a procedure where there was none (for loss of pitch control in take-off or landing) and resorting to manually turn the trim wheel to have some degree of pitch control, in an airplane where you NEVER make trim inputs (neither with switches or manual mechanisms) except in the sim or in a very bad day.
At the same time, the same pilot did NOT improvise and strictly followed the procedure to reset the ELAC to fix the ELAC PITCH FAULT message that was triggered.... 4 times. Maybe some more improvising and saying "ok, 2 is enough, let's land this thing now" would have been in order.
http://avherald.com/h?article=4b57c3dd/0000&opt=4096
--- Judge what is said by the merits of what is said, not by the credentials of who said it. ---
--- Defend what you say with arguments, not by imposing your credentials ---
elaw
Well clearly the answer is that they need FIVE flight control computers! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJxwvZ5SE_c
Be alert! America needs more lerts.
Eric Law
Originally posted by Gabriel View Post
The manuals have apparently been updated to point out the very obvious limit on resetting FCC's, and hopefully pointing out that the procedure is NOT intended to keep the a/c in service indefinitely. Also, the incident would not have happened if the ground maintenance hadn't used whatever random bunker oil they had lying about on a precision component of a passenger airliner. I doubt there will ever be an aircraft that can stand up to improvisation like that. So, fouled component, multiple fair warnings ignored and an ELAC left faulted between cycles, this is one rotten stack of swiss cheese that hopefully future crew will smell before it ever goes this far.
I have to dig up the MMEL and see what the conditions are for single ELAC dispatch.
Originally posted by Evan View Post
Well, to begin with, there is this requirement:
Elevators and roll spoilers control through the SECs is verified operative before each flight.
Kinda doubt that was done...
Why? I mean, I don't know if it was done, but apparently the SECs were controlling the elevators correctly when the ELACs stopped doing so... until the point where the SECs also stopped doing so.
What I don't understand (or rather the most important thing I don;t understand, because there is a lot I don't understand in this accident) is why the elevator wasn't available even in direct mode, where the trim is manual anyway. Having an issue with the HTS and confusion about whether the plane is on the ground or in the air doesn't seem like enough to make direct law elevator impossible.
Why? I mean, I don't know if it was done...
Obviously, MEL was not considered between these touch-and-go flights. Nor was there any instruction to do so:
Originally posted by Final Report
There is no reference in the Airbus FCTP or FCTM (in the versions published before the event) to consider MEL for training continuation on "touch and go" or "stop and go" training.
Originally posted by Gabriel
...apparently the SECs were controlling the elevators correctly when the ELACs stopped doing so... until the point where the SECs also stopped doing so. What I don't understand (or rather the most important thing I don;t understand, because there is a lot I don't understand in this accident) is why the elevator wasn't available even in direct mode, where the trim is manual anyway. Having an issue with the HTS and confusion about whether the plane is on the ground or in the air doesn't seem like enough to make direct law elevator impossible.
Warning: This is a VERY complex scenario and will be Gabriellian in length. It may contain acronyms.
As simple as I can state it: ELAC 1, which normally takes over on the ground, was not reset from a fault on a previous cycle, thus ELAC 2, (which is normally in control in the air) remained in control on the ground. When the pilot manually stopped the trim wheel, with the OVM unit malfunctioning (explanation to come), the system detected a discrepancy between the computer-commanded position of the THS (COM) and the actual position (MON) and faulted ELAC 2. At this point SEC2 took over pitch control. However, due to a VERY complex relationship between the SEC trim runaway detection logic and the LGCIU's, which are receiving data from the compression sensors on the MLG, and the bounced landing due to the failure to arm ground-spoilers (as directed in the Airbus FTCM but not in the Smartlynx procedure), one SEC lane was operating in ground mode and one was in air mode and the disagree caused both SECs to fault as well (both receive the same LGCIU data, so both experienced the same fault). This resulted in a MASTER WARNING and F/CTL L+R ELEV FAULT on ECAM, yet the crew, now well above V1, decided to continue. (I'm not sure that was the right decision, but that assumes they had situational awareness. CAS was 170 kt, and the aircraft was 1600 m from the end of the runway).
This one requires a deep dive into systems, one that few pilots will ever make. The problem initiated with the corruption of the OVM (THS override mechanism that enables the pilot to manually override the ELAC and SEC signal to the THS) by improvised and improper maintenance. The OVM is critical here because, upon touching down during touch-and-go's, the instructor pilot was manually stopping the trim wheel in order to prevent ELAC 1 from automatically resetting the THS in ground mode to 0 deg. When the pilot does this, the OVM normally operates micro-switches (The mechanical linkage forces the OVM piston to act on the micro-switches located at the OVM) to ensure that the FCC's (ELACS and SEC's) remain synchonized to the manually-selected position. Unless the microswitches are triggered by the OVM, the F/CTL computers will continue to monitor both the commanded and actual postion of the THS, and, if there is a threshold discrepancy, trigger ELAC and SEC faults. In this case, due to a fouled OVM unit, the F/CTL failed to detect the manual imputs, continued to think it was driving the THS and then detected the discrepancy of the actual (manually commanded) position, and thus the ELAC(s) were faulted each time thie trim wheel was manually arrested.
If the OVM does not work properly and for instance does not trigger the microswitches (or the microswitches do not trigger the signal) when the pilot is taking over the Trim Wheel (while the F/CTL computer in command is active on the THS), no signal is sent to the F/CTL computer and therefore the electrical motors keep driving the THS without any effect as they are mechanically disconnected. However, the F/CTL will keep monitoring the THS position and as the pilot is ordering some inputs on the Trim wheel, the actual THS position is no longer consistent with the THS position commanded by the F/CTL computer. When this discrepancy exceeds a certain threshold F/CTL computers will detect a movement of the THS MON transducer that is not consistent with the electrical command (COM transducer position), the THS servo-loop monitoring is triggered resulting in the loss of electrical control of the THS by the F/CTL computer in command and the triggering of ECAM alerts and associated failure messages:
- If an ELAC is in control, the ECAM message "F/CTL ELAC 1(2) PITCH FAULT" will be displayed (THS ACTR POS ERROR 9CE of ELAC 1 (2) if ELAC is in command)
- If a SEC is in control, the ECAM message "F/CTL STABILIZER JAM" will be finally displayed when both SECs will have lost the THS control.
So, as you can see, it is important that the OVM is working properly if you are intending to manually intervene on the trim wheel. This may be seen as a design flaw, since it is a single point of failure without redundancy, but it is a condition that requires both a highly unusual use of the trim wheel (for touch and go's) AND a rather unforgivable dose of stoogery during maintenance:
During certification, this single-failure condition wasn't considered a threat because:
Permanent electrical mode signal from 3 micro switches" is considered to have no effect as a single failure as it requires a human action on the trim wheel to have an effect on the systems. Airbus specified that in normal operations such a human action is never requested by any procedure when the auto-trim is active, however the Airbus FCTM described pilot action "monitor/adjust the trim movement towards the green band" during touch and go.
During the investigation, it was checked that even considering this human action, the probability of the failure condition "Loss of control of both elevators, both locked neutral" still meets the safety objective.
The lack of friction, in this case due to a low viscosity oil (as revealed by the oil analysis) was not taken into account in the certification process. There is no maintenance task that is required by Airbus to detect this type of OVM failure as this failure is combined with additional failures leading to having effect on the system. FC diagram only considers failures or events and does not consider human actions and thus this failure needs an additional and independent failure (like for instance jamming of the mechanical linkage between the Trim Wheel and the THSA) in order to loss the pitch control by both ELAC's through an OVM failure.
The improper lubricant altered the OVM friction curve, resulting in the actuator pistons not engaging the microswitches:
Therefore, the oil that was used in the gearbox was non-compliant to the CMM and can in itself explain the change in the friction curve and the intermittent misbehaviour of the OVM that led to the ELAC PITCH FAULT conditions during the event.
In addition to the lubrication error, the unit teardown revealed the following:
Disassembly revealed that there were several issues referring to the opening of the THSA gearbox - wire locking of different components was not compliant with the CMM, tab-washers were re-used, the shimming of the OVM had not been done accordingly to CMM.
The ECAM fault messages are inhibited below 1500ft, so on each climb out after the initial touch and go, the crew received warnings upon exceeding this altitude of ELAC PITCH FAULT and reset the ELAC's using the procedure. In the first instance, both ELAC's were in pitch fault and thus the law temporarily reverted to Alternate. IMHO, this should have terminated the exercise until maintenance could determine the cause.
However, importantly, during one of the subsequent cycles at 13:47, F/CTL ELAC 1 PITCH FAULT was triggered and was never reset. ELAC 1 is normally in command during ground mode. For the remainder of the flights, only ELAC 2 was available. When an ELAC 2 fault was triggered by the manual pitch trim upon the final touchdown before the event, SEC2 briefly took over. Subsequently:
The associated TSD indicated that before the failure (i.e. F/CTL L+R ELEV FAULT), SEC2 was active on both elevators and THS and both elevators were available in SEC1. Nevertheless, after the failure, SEC1 and SEC2 were no longer engaged on both sides' elevators.
Therefore, before the event, the F/CTL system nominally reconfigured several times for elevator control:
• on ELAC2 when ELAC1 was faulty,
• on SEC2 when ELAC1 and ELAC2 were faulty (similarly like at 14:55),
but during the event, although the reconfiguration to back-up computers (SEC1 and SEC2) took place, both computers were unable to control Left and Right elevator and THS.
As for design shortcomings:
The discrepancy of the SEC`s COM and MON lanes can be determined as the root cause for the loss of elevator control by both SECs. This system behaviour, which cannot be seen as a failure, as it is part of the SEC design (hence not covered by SSA), should be considered as a weakness of the design that was revealed during this accident.
As for operator issues:
There was careless, nonstandard, improvised maintenance involved. This created the failure condition.
There were multiple, serial failures of ELAC pitch control (5 resets to ELAC1 and 4 resets to ELAC2) that were not taken seriously enough due to a weakened safety culture, including the failure of both ELAC's and the loss of normal law.
The crew neglected to reset ELAC 1 at a fateful point in the sequence of events.
The operator procedure for touch-and-go's omitted the need to arm ground spoilers.
The PIC commanded gear retraction before positive climb.
There was no consideration of MEL between flight cycles.
Ultimately, this is your classic swiss-cheese scenario, where multiple failures and errors and instances of neglect had to align in just the right way.
A shorter answer is that, in the FBW loop, in any control law, it must be able to verify that the commanded position results in the expected position. The chain-of-events described above resulted in the COM and MON lanes of the SEC's diverging beyond a safe threshold, signaling an apparent fault and causing the system to lock the elevators at neutral and hand over pitch to the mechanical backup (THS).
Not satisfactory. If I am understanding correctly (and I very well may not), the discrepancy was in the THS and not in the elevator. The elevator was working perfectly ok all the time until it did not work at all.
Who cares if the aircraft is in the ground or air to control the elevator in direct law? Even further, if the law had degraded to direct the THS would have been in manual anyway and you would not have the ELACs commanding any THS motion and hence would not have had the disagreement between COM and MON.
But the most important part is that you had 4 computers receiving correct inputs from the side stick and feedback from the elevator encoder but due to a discrepancy somewhere else "decide" to shut down entirely (oh, but they did command elevator to neutral even when all 4 of them were receiving correct and agreeing sidestick inputs and elevator encoder feedback).
Again, leaving the elevator without authority should be a last resource that is done if there is no other alternative or the alternative is even more dangerous (like risk of having uncommanded elevator inputs). Regardless of how the Airbus design was executed, it seems that this was not a requirement or input into the design to begin with.
And finally, here you have a case where more redundancy (or should I say apparent redundancy) is worse than less redundancy. Similar to a plane that has 2 engines but cannot sustain flight or cannot be controlled with 1 engine out. The additional engine is not a real redundancy but a liability. You've just doubled the chances of an accident due to an engine failure buy doubling the number of engines. In this case, a single SEC would not have detected a discrepancy between whether the plane was on the ground or on the air. It might have been wrong, but it would have kept elevator control in any case. By having 2 SECs now they disagree and both go offline (even when one was right and the other one, even being wrong, could have provided elevator control), thus leaving no elevator control.
It feels to me that Airbus computers give up too easily.
Does it? Do you think this waaaaaaaaay out there scenario is too easy? Do you realize that this incident required not only a component botched by maintenance but also a touch and go sequence with uneven gear contact and a manually arrested trim wheel (why would you ever do that on a revenue flight?) and a single ELAC operation? So, in terms of revenue service, we are talking about what... a MEL'd ELAC, a very late go-around with bounced runway contact on one MLG followed by manual pitch trim input and a sabotaged OVM unit. Do you really think that's giving up too easily?
The very cautious minds that went into designing this didn't miss much although it sometimes seems that way to avforum parlour talkers. I think they could explain their reasoning, but on the face of it, it seems that the philosophy is to remove flight control from a component that has detected a flight control fault. WIth four levels of redundancy, that's not a problem. So much went wrong here that it broke the airplane. I think, when an airline manages to defeat four levels of redundancy, you're as good as dead flying with them. I don't think it is unreasonable to have missed this as a possible scenario during certification, nor do I think it will ever happen again.
However, Airbus has acknowledged certain design weaknesses in the software and they are removing those weaknesses:
Airbus has initiated an ELAC software modification development for monitoring the THS during the THS Ground Setting phase (i.e. From 5 s after ground condition and THS back to 0o position). The aim of the modification is to mitigate the consequences of a non-detection of a manual takeover of the THS (the failure that caused the triggering of the ELAC PITCH FAULT).
The certification of the ELAC software improvement with a worldwide retrofit is planned for mid-2020.
5. Airbus has initiated a SEC software modification development to improve SEC COM/MON consolidation logics. The aim of the modification is to improve SEC robustness against landing gear bounce around logic triggering threshold (1 s) at touchdown.
(keeping in mind that pitch control is very, very, very, very rarely handled by the SEC's in the first place).
I am not talking so much about this specific accident as the design philosophy.
Why would you leave the airplane without any elevator control when there is no real reason to do so?
And is this real quadruple redundancy? Only if you are willing to call 3 pitots triple redundancy... (and when you 1 single cause making 2 of them fail you are left with zero airspeed indications).
The 2 ELACs were put off line by the same cause, and the 2 SECs put each other off-line.
Again, all 4 computers were receiving correct, valid and agreeing values of sidestick input and elevator position feedback. That's all you need for direct law (actually you only need 2 of the 4 agreeing). So why would you provide direct law control in any scenario that you don't even need to define specifically but that has the characteristic of of having at least 2 agreeing sidestick and elevator position data regardless of whatever clusterf*ck is happening around to complete the scenario.
I warned you this was complicated. The SEC's 'gave up' on elevators because the aircraft experienced a L+R ELEVATOR FAULT. That results in pitch reversion to mechanical back-up (for obvious reasons). It went into this fault mode because the system assumed there had been a 'spool valve runaway':
SEC Spool Valve Runaway Monitoring
The objective of the SEC spool valve runaway monitoring is to prevent an actuator from runaway when there is a failure in the spool valve control system (current, spool valve, sensors, wiring or COM/MON order discrepancy). The SEC spool valve monitoring compares the current calculated in the MON channel to the equivalent current measured on the spool valve position sensor, computed and commanded by the COM lane [see the first attachment].
For SEC spool valve monitoring, a trend monitoring principle is used (rather than position monitoring), which can detect erroneous control surface movement (e.g. surface movement in the opposite direction of the given order). If a spool valve runaway signal is detected, a centering command is launched, and the control is released to the next computer.
Both the ELAC's and the SEC's have three servo loops in pitch: L elevator, R elevator and THS. If any of those three loops becomes invalid, the ELAC's go into pitch fault mode. However the SEC's can remain engaged in pitch with only one of those servo loops valid, so, if a THS loop becomes invalid, the elevators loops can still be valid and the elevators will remain in direct law. However, in this rare scenario, both SEC's detected an invalid condition with the ELEVATORS, not just an invalid THS position. The system reached this assumption because the opposing air/ground signals from the LGCIU's resulted in the COM and MON lanes for the ELEVATOR position on both SEC's being in disagreement. This is because the COM lanes get their air/ground data from LGCIU 1, while the MON lanes get it from LGCIU 2. It is important to note, when launching a flight or ground law, the initial orders sent to servos are opposite on different laws [see the second attachment]. In this event, one LGCIU was in air mode and the other was in ground mode (due to the asymmetrical bounce resulting from the absence of ground spoilers). Therefore the elevator MON data diverged from the COM data on both SEC's, and thus they 'gave up'.
Now... context: this was a phenomenal event. The investigators had to do lab work to understand why the SEC's had failed. Weaknesses (very, very rare weaknesses) in the software design were revealed by the investigation. As a result, Airbus is upgrading the software to remove those weaknesses. As far as I can determine, the upgrades alter the way the SEC's receive and/or process data from the LGCIU's, probably so the COM and MON channels can share data from both LGCIU's, or perhaps it alters how the SEC's handle the initial MON data, or both. The other software alt seems to address the ELAC's to prevent a manual trim input from leading to fault detection in the event of a OVM malfunction.
With those mods in place, I don't see ANY possibility for such an event to recur. Even without the mods, I don't see any revenue service scenario where such an event could occur.
Was there a split elevator at any point?
The COM signals on both elevators would have been the same. The issue is the discrepency between the COM and MON lanes on each SEC, not between the left and right elevator commands. So I don't see anything that would create a split elevator condition.
Tha attachment shows this more clearly. See the COM and MON lanes at the bottom.
Evan,
I disagree about it being phenomenal. This is a classic software/logic timing problem. I see this problem in software all the time. This complexity arose because a computer has to translate multiple concurrent data streams into a single decision, and due to the limitations of computers -- things like sample rates, and ordering -- the logic can be quite complex and error prone. Testing of all combinations is also impossible -- usually because there is an infinite number of conditions. These failure scenarios are often quite rare -- which is why well designed systems don't fail all the time -- but under heavy use (like millions of flight hours and conditions) they tend to happen eventually. Just like this one did.
There is a big trade-off between increasing redundancy automation vs simplicity. When biasing toward the former, the problem relies on the designers and developers being able to accurate predict potential conditions that might happen and the assume certain actions will result in the right outcome. It is not dissimilar from hardware design except in software, the conditions are far more complex.
The complexity of scenarios often increases exponentially as you add redundancy which is why your definitive confidence in the risk assessment of possible problems is completely unfounded and not based on the reality of complex systems design.
These pilots were very very lucky. A lot of things went well enough for them to survive especially given that the engines lasted just long enough to support their quick turn back to the runway.
They also lucked out from the timing, it appears the only reason they were able to climb out initially was because the landing gear was in transit and the front gear pushed the nose up as the engines spooled up. This is why they were able to gain altitude and figure out how to get the plane back to the runway.
As the aircraft landing gear was in transition when the aircraft hit the ground, the initial pitch up movement (from -1,7o to +8,8o) can be explained by the front landing gear hitting the runway and changing the aircraft pitch, leading to pitch increase up to +20o with the contribution of the THS being in position 1,5o UP and both thrust levers in 42o (TOGA) position (CAS approximately 200kt).
Copyright (c) JetPhotos 2003-2019


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8 Fast-Food Chains That Use Pure Ground Beef for Their Burgers
You know that old idiom often attributed to Otto von Bismarck about laws and sausages, right? Basically, what he (is supposed to have said) is that if you enjoy sausages and you respect the law, it's best you do not see how either of them is made. As it turns out, the same maxim need not be applied to most fast-food burgers.
A refreshingly large number of the fast-food chains we researched genuinely use nothing but 100% pure ground beef for their burger patties. Many didn't always use pure beef, but here in 2023, the picture is a better one.
Now, said burgers are often then loaded up with salt, slathered with sauce, topped with cheese and bacon, and more—o don't for a second think we're calling these healthy eats. We're just giving credit where credit is due because these burger joints could have cut corners by using fillers and additives and pink slime and such, but they don't.
RELATED: 8 Fast-Food Chains That Never Freeze Their Burgers
That's right, McD's is on the straight and narrow when it comes to ground beef. Per the company's own site, "every patty is 100% real beef with no fillers, additives or preservatives." They season the meat with "just a punch of salt and pepper" (and yes, we're assuming that was a typo and was meant to say "a pinch") and "otherwise nothing else is added." We're taking the chain on its word here.
Little surprise that the "guys" who don't even have freezers at their restaurants, only refrigerators, use "100% fresh beef [with] no fillers or preservatives," right? Five Guys is even committed to sourcing fresh, 100% pure beef from farms that are as close as possible to the restaurants.
RELATED: 15 Secrets Five Guys Doesn't Want You to Know
Yep, just like McD's, Burger King uses 100% beef patties in its Whoppers, Cheeseburgers, Rodeo Burgers, and more. Per the chain's website, at BK "beef patties are made with 100% beef with no fillers, no preservatives, no additives, no nonsense." Now, what you'll find in the Chicken Fries? That gets a bit more… cloudy.
RELATED: 5 Fast-Food Chicken Sandwiches With the Highest Quality Ingredients
Like Donny says of In-n-Out in The Big Lebowski, "those are good burgers." And if he was referring to the meat used to make the patties, he was right there, too. Not only are this classic California chain's burgers made using only "100% USDA ground chuck" for the patties, but that's been the way things are since In-n-Out was founded back in the late 1940s.
Wendy's makes a big deal about how their ground beef is "fresh, never frozen," and it turns out they could also accurately tout the fact that their burger patties are 100% real beef. Per the company's site, the "beef is 100% real" and it is delivered fresh (never frozen, e.g.) to each restaurant several times weekly. That's how this real beef manages to be fresh, never frozen. FYI, Wendy's really wants you to know their beef is never frozen but is indeed fresh.
Shake Shack is serious about high-quality burgers, which is good because you pay a pretty penny for that quality. Their "100% all-natural Angus beef" patties are sourced from cattle never treated with hormones, and by the way, the chicken is 100% all-natural and hormone- and antibiotic-free, too.
RELATED: McDonald's and Taco Bell Still Use Beef That Is Putting Public Health at Risk, According to a New Investigation
Like Wendy's, Whataburger always uses ground beef that is fresh and has never been frozen. The Texas-based chain's patties are made from 100% pure ground beef without additives or fillers, and those patties are served on a legitimately large five-inch bun. And that's how things have been since the first location opened back in 1950.
RELATED: 7 Fast-Food Chains That Use Real Chicken for Their Tenders—Not That Mystery Meat
Perhaps "Largeburger" would be a more accurate name for this chain, for its base burger patties are a whopping third of a pound, which makes them bigger than those on, say, the Whopper. Like the Whopper, an In-n-Out burger, and many more, the burger patties from Fatburger are made with 100% pure, fresh ground beef. And ironically, given the chain's name, the burgers are made with lean ground beef.
The post 8 Fast-Food Chains That Use Pure Ground Beef for Their Burgers appeared first on Eat This Not That.

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Four Nigerian firms among 12 selected for 'deal room' at Africa 2017
Twelve fast-growing African companies have been selected to win a place in the Deal Room – a special matchmaking platform for African companies – to be held at the Africa Forum 2017 on December 8 and 9 in Egypt.
The Egyptian resort town, Sharm el-Sheikh, hosts Africa Forum 2017
The selected companies will meet and pitch their business to leading investors, private equity firms and venture capital firms to secure funding for their business expansion and growth. They will have a 30 minutes window to achieve this. The 12 companies – hand picked from over 100 entrants from across Africa that applied to participate – were chosen for their strong financial track record, solid revenue, and expansion and export potential. Leading African economic intelligence company Asoko Insight ran the selection process.
Africa 2017 is said to be the biggest B2B and B2G forum to take place in Africa this year, bringing together government delegations from over 30 countries and over 1,000 business leaders from across the continent. The Forum, which holds from December 8 to 9 in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, was preceded by a Young Entrepreneurs Day, on Thursday, December 7 aimed to connect tomorrow's future business leaders, with like-minded entrepreneurs and help them, through a series of workshops and discussions, take their businesses to the next level.
Speaking on the partnership, Asoko CEO and co-founder, Rob Withagen, said, "We are delighted and excited to be an official knowledge partner at the Africa 2017 Forum. African businesses are rapidly growing in number and sophistication, but the challenge of positioning themselves in front of institutional investors and global corporates, remains. Being part of initiatives such as this, designed to enhance private sector cooperation and drive investment in sectors of strategic interest within Africa, is at the core of our vision at Asoko".
The Deal Room at Africa 2017 will focus on companies from three sectors: i) agri/agribusiness, ii) transport and logistics, and iii) light manufacturing. Each of these industry sectors align with the theme of Africa 2017 to promote inclusive growth and cross border trade in the African region.
The companies selected are : Variable Solutions Pvt Limited, Zimbabwe; Tabbris Oil Mills Limited, Nigeria; Wilson's Juice Co., Nigeria; Lori Systems, Kenya; Berekotry Ltd., Nigeria; Simplex, Egypt; Tagaddod , Egypt; Sustineo Magnus Limited, Nigeria; Hamaressa Edible Oil Share Company, Ethiopia; Beza Mar Agro Industry P.L.C, Ethiopia; Naviacom, Tunisia; and Heavymat Industry, Togo.
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Potential Disney purchase of 21st Century Fox could have major ramifications for sports world
Fox selling entertainment properties to Disney to focus on news and sports could have big implications for both companies.
ESPNFoxBy Andrew Bucholtz on 11/06/2017 11/06/2017
CNBC's David Faber dropped a bombshell Monday, reporting that ESPN parent company Disney has held talks with 21st Century Fox about buying most of Fox's assets, but not Fox News, Fox Sports, or the Fox broadcast network. Faber writes that the sides aren't currently in talks at the moment, but that those talks could be revisited. If anything along these lines came true, it would have massive implications for sports, even without Fox Sports being involved in the deal.
Here's more from Faber on just what is contemplated here:
For Fox, the willingness to engage in sale talks with Disney stems from a growing belief among its senior management that scale in media is of immediate importance and that there is not a path to gain that scale in entertainment through acquisition. The company is said to believe that a more tightly focused group of properties around news and sports could compete more effectively in the current marketplace.
…Disney would not purchase all of Fox, according to people with knowledge of the talks.
The company could not own two broadcast networks and would therefore not buy the Fox broadcast network. It would not buy Fox's sports programming assets in the belief that combining them with ESPN could be seen as anti-competitive from an antitrust standpoint and it would not buy the Fox News or Business channel. Disney would also not purchase Fox's local broadcasting affiliates, according to people familiar with the negotiations.
In addition to the movie studio, TV production and international assets such as Star and Sky, Disney would also add entertainment networks such as FX and National Geographic.
Fox's motivation for examining selling off everything but news and sports can be read in a few different ways. One is that Fox believes most in the future value of news and sports compared to entertainment, and there's some logic for that given the challenges movie studios and non-sports television networks are facing. (Sports television is obviously facing major challenges too, but many of those carry over to non-sports networks and programming, and sports does far better on the ads front as its commercials can't easily be skipped.
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Courteney Cox to star in scripted TV series based on Last Chance U's Brittany Wagner
Another interpretation is that Fox figures they'll get the best price for these other assets, and/or that concerns about the future of sports rights make it too difficult to sell those assets. And a third view is that Fox isn't as concerned about what they're selling as who's buying it; there are only a few companies with the resources to pick up media properties on this scale, and less that would have much interest, with Disney perhaps at the top of that list. So maybe this isn't as tailored to what Fox wants to keep as to what Disney could buy without triggering antitrust issues (so, not Fox Sports because of ESPN, and not the Fox broadcast network because of ABC). And the general logic of "you need scale to succeed in entertainment" makes sense, as that's also been cited as a factor in the pending AT&T-Time Warner deal.
If a deal like this did happen and did receive regulatory approval, it could have some significant effects on sports. For one thing, Sky would be reportedly included in the sale, which would dramatically expand Disney's overseas sports presence. Beyond that, acquiring Fox's movie studio, FX, and National Geographic would give Disney a whole new lineup of TV and movie rights, and that could potentially be rolled into their planned non-sports streaming service (currently planned for a 2019 launch, a year after the ESPN streaming service rolls out, and expected to feature Marvel and Star Wars properties as well as other Disney content).
That doesn't impact sports directly, as the sports streaming service will be separate, but this would make Disney's service a more robust competitor with the likes of Netflix, and would give Disney even more reasons to emphasize streaming and selling their content direct to consumers rather than through cable and satellite providers. We could even see some pricing deals combining their sports and entertainment streaming services, an over-the-top version of the old cable bundle without anyone in the middle between the content provider and the consumer, and that could mean a lot in terms of helping the ESPN streaming service gain traction.
There's also the question of what it would mean for Fox to be focused even more on news and sports. Yes, the Fox broadcast network would still have plenty of non-sports content, but if their TV studio was included in this sale, they'd have to pick up their scripted programming elsewhere instead of in-house. That might lead to a focus on doing even more sports than they currently do, and that's even before you consider to the apparent corporate emphasis on sports here. And more resources could perhaps be diverted to sports in a leaner company, allowing Fox to possibly pick up bigger rights packages.
The flip side of that is that Fox would be far less diversified, and that sports would play far more of a role in their corporate bottom line, for good or for ill. At the moment, it's rare for sports to be cited as having a major impact on 21st Century Fox overall; it does occasionally happen, with a Credit Suisse analyst citing declining NFL ratings and issues over Fox's attempt to buy the rest of Sky as reasons to downgrade the stock last month, but it's not like Disney, where every earnings call becomes a referendum on ESPN.
Fox has some advantages there next to Disney, as so much of their sports involves the broadcast network rather than cable, but the overall impact of sports rights fees and revenues would be under a bigger microscope under this structure. And that microscope has certainly caused some concerns for Disney and ESPN. So it would definitely be interesting to see how a more-focused-on sports Fox would do, and how investors would react.
This plan isn't close to fruition at the moment, but it's notable that these conversations have been happening, and the market seems interested; 21st Century Fox stock spiked in a big way Monday following this news, from an opening of $24.43 per share up to $26.60 as of 2:55 p.m. Eastern, while Disney stock also rose from an opening of $98.37 to $100.49. We'll see if anything further comes of this, but if it does, it could dramatically alter the sports and media landscape.
21st Century FoxDisneyDisney streamingESPN OTTmergersover-the-topStreaming


PATH supports breast cancer research both in academic and industrial groups. We encourage researchers to contact us at an early stage of a project. This way, the collective can be carefully chosen to fit into the planned project. PATH asks researchers for a written abstract of the planned project including a biostatistical estimation of the required sample size. We also ask research groups to contribute to the cost recovery of our work.
Here you can find our access policies formulated as terms and conditions.


This elegant umbrella rain chain functions as an alternative to traditional downspouts. The rain chain creates a serene environment on a rainy day. Features eight umbrella shapes that guide the rain water down the chain. It's a pretty yet practical accent that can be used to collect rainwater for gardening or household use. Made of thick metal with a high-quality antiqued copper-colored umbrella design. Includes a gutter lip for easy installation. Umbrellas measure 5" in diameter and chain measures 68" long.


Talking To An Alien | Above and Beyond…..
Blackness comes, the world spins beneath my feet and next thing my bones are bouncing off the dusty gravel, and with a loud 'huff', the air is blown from my lungs.
Blackness everywhere and an overwhelming silence but for the whooshing of blood through my head.
Then comes an irritating, chirpy voice – not the sort of voice you want to hear in a time of bodily crises.
I am starting to feel sensations cutting in, pain in my left wrist, the texture of moist sand and gravel on my bare arms and legs, and what feels like gritty sand in my mouth and nose.
The blackness dissolves and a light appears in my head, gradually brightening to a dazzle. My brain forces my eyelids to part, and before me, just above the dirt I see withered brown blades of grass against a blue sky embedded with fluffy clouds. But wait, camouflaged against the grass, six inches from my eyes, there's a stick-like insect looking straight at me. From my new level of humility it seems like a terrifying apparition – but is it? It looks too darn real!
Now I'm beginning to think my brain is as bruised as my body. "You're hallucinating you idiot!" I try to get up, but my mind still isn't connected to my body.
Oh God, its lips…err mouth parts, are moving and those tear shaped eyes are looking straight at me…almost looks like a miniature 'grey'.
"Oh please don't ever call this planet God forsaken…it's very upsetting to hear that.
"Look, Earth is actually one of the jewels in the crown of this galaxy so to speak…the unadulterated parts are still incredibly beautiful! I just want to come back and see it again whilst there is something left to see, before it possibly gets completely screwed up. Oh dear, lets see…excuse me for being corny but that catchy song from your youth that passed me 30 light years out puts it very succinctly…'Don't know what you've got till it's gone, pave paradise and put up a parking lot'.
"As a matter of a fact, do you ever wonder why there are all these 'ships' visiting Earth at the moment? Some like me found out about Earth on the Cosmonet, the Lonely Star Guide to be exact and just like me they are here to soak up this wonderful, complex manifestation of the Creator.
"Well, sort of, but a proper understanding is still some way ahead of humanity, but any way you look at Sun, Sun gives you life. Sun, as far as you are concerned, is the Light. Your Bible talks of the Sun Of God, and man's purpose on Earth, all major religions would probably agree, is to gain enlightenment. Get it! All you need to know always is and has been hidden in plain view. It's embedded in your languages, myths, artifacts and sacred sites. Just bare in mind that some heads of consciousness are smarter than others!
"Unfortunately for them, they were hit by a double whammy, just as things were starting to get a little toasty on Earth a comet exploded above what you call North America, obliterating lots of life and filling the atmosphere with dust which blocked out Sun. Things chilled instantly and the ice came back for another 1,000 years – your scientists call it the Younger Dryas period. If you think current climate change is rapid, I can assure you that you haven't seen anything like what happened back then! That's why woolly mammoths, sabre toothed tigers and other large mammals became extinct – and man almost met the same fate.
"When the Earth warmed again, any remnants of civilisation disappeared beneath the oceans – sometimes whole cities were inundated in a matter of days as ice dams broke releasing huge freshwater lakes into the oceans. That's why you don't see much evidence on land today. If you looked under the oceans, it would be a whole different story.
"Some of the evidence is very solid indeed. It is set in stone! Do you really believe that monuments like the pyramids at Giza were built by slaves using copper chisels? You could hardly achieve that accuracy and perfection today – even with all your modern tools and equipment. And there are pyramids all around the world, Peru, Mexico, China and they are encoded with mathematical messages and the builders were well aware of their global nature and significance.
"I see it's already happening. Technology, and in particular your internet is spreading ideas – not all of them good I might add! You need to re-learn the lost art of critical thinking. But corrupt institutions will crumble as age-old weapons of mass deception are revealed, along with the evil intent of those behind them. When that happens, the mental and spiritual shackles will be off and the hard path to enlightenment can continue.
"Nope, I should be on my way, before some hill-billy spots my ship and nails it to his garden fence thinking it's just another Chevy wheel trim.
"But just a final few words of advice; never believe all your mind tells you – it lies constantly. Once you have figured that out you're half way to enlightenment. And remember, there are dark forces out there often masquerading as the Light. Learn to recognize them and give 'em the middle finger, so to speak!
Silence but for the pounding of blood in my ears.
This entry was posted in Fiction, Secret History and tagged aliens, alternative history, asteroids, cometry impacts, consciousness, enlightenment, extra-terrestrials, global cooling, global warming, Great Year, ice age, Precession of the equinoxes, pyramids, secret history, younger dryas, Yuga Cycle by David Skelhon. Bookmark the permalink.
Just checking your various blogs David. This was a great little yarn! I hadn't realized you were a writer along with being a sailor, aviator and photographer. Will have a look at the rest of your stuff.


Now that you have decided on a Destiny Home it is time to choose your decor. From wall color to fire places, Destiny offers a wide variety of styles and colors to choose from to enhance the decor of your home. In this section you can find just some of our standard and upgraded decor items. Your dealer will work with you to choose the decor you are looking for to create the home of your dreams.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Colors shown on web may vary from actual color due to resolution. Your dealer will have live color boards that depict the actual color of the decor items.


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A major commodity that has picked up popularity over the past couple of years is the area of fantasy sports. Fantasy sports is a fun activity in which real teams comprised of real players are selected, and players compete against each other with said teams to determine which has the better production. Many platforms have been created in order to put skill and knowledge of a sport and combine it with an opportunity to earn money.
One such site that has given thousands of users this opportunity is DraftKings. If you are interested in fantasy sports betting, competition and an opportunity to earn some money on the side, the following draftkings.com review may be of interest to you.
Why is Draft Kings a Top Daily Fantasy Option?
DraftKings is a fantasy sports provider that allows for users to win money-based prizes based on the fantasy sports performance of players and teams across five American sports, (MLB, NBA, NFL, NHL, and PGA), the UEFA Champions League, NASCAR racing, MMA, tennis and the Canadian Football League among other organizations. As of mid-2017, DraftKings has approximately 8 million users. In 2019, DraftKings is projected to pay out over 1 billion dollars to its users.
In the industry of gaming, DraftKings has one of the largest rosters of users. For perspective, NBA contests can have up to 20,000 online gamers daily competing for either monumental cash winnings or smaller prizes. One of the reasons why DraftKings is popular is because of the number of sports they have partnered with. This means that anyone with an interest in a specific sport can try their luck.
Is DraftKings Legal?
One of the major concerns with online fantasy sports websites is the legality of it. While DraftKings is a legal venture in the United States, there are certain edicts in specific states that do not allow daily fantasy. As of right now, the states that are not eligible to play in daily fantasy are Washington, Montana, Idaho, Nevada, Louisiana, Alabama, Montana, Arizona, and Iowa.
It has been determined by United States law that fantasy sports is a game based on skill rather than chance. This distinguishes fantasy sports from gambling websites. This law was clearly outlined in the Unlawful Internet Gaming Enforcement Act of 2006. This targeted online gambling websites. In short, DraftKings is perfectly legal, but you must ensure that you are not in one of the states where it is outlawed.
You should also be aware that while DraftKings is not a scam, it is also not a way to get rich quick either. While there is a chance that you could win a monumental cash prize, most people who play in DraftKings play for fun while earning a little bit of money on the side. It is wise to temper expectations prior to getting serious about playing fantasy sports. Do not go in expecting that you will set yourself to win thousands of dollars frequently. While it is possible, it should not be the main priority. Otherwise, you will leave yourself massively disappointed.
That said, DraftKings provides users with a platform to potentially walk away with as much as $1,000,000 guaranteed with smaller payouts given to 1 on 1 battles. Another big advantage is that one will never have any trouble looking for competition or finding a tournament.
Before making your initial deposit, you can engage yourself in free games to start out. In order to participate in tournaments for cash prizes, one needs to acquire a set number of "crowns", previously known as Frequent Player Points. Once the number of crows is achieved by playing money games, they can then be redeemed for entry. For these contests, the entry fees range from being free of charge to up to $1,000 for the more expensive competitions. However, DraftKings has proven that it can accommodate any income level.
Accessibility and Use
One of the more attractive features that novice users of DraftKings will find is the relatively easy navigation. For anyone interested in high-profile tournaments, they will be featured on the top of the page. If someone is looking for a game related to a specific sport, they can apply advanced filters and find the right game for them. For those interested in the mobile app variety, there is great ease of use, and one can follow live contests.
The functionality of DraftKings is quite impressive as well. The sections of the site are easy to find, advanced features can be learned quickly with minimal usage, and important promotional material and featured contests are displayed quite clearly. If you could get past a minor quirk of needing to go through multiple pages to access sections such as "My Account", "Settings", and "FAQ", DraftKings is an easy website to use.
Another major advantage that DraftKings has to its advantage is that there are rarely any times the site slows down. Typically, there is less traffic and attention given to sites when major sports are in the offseason. However, since DraftKigns continues the action due to their partnerships with a variety of major sports leagues, there will typically be thousands of competitions available with participation.
In terms of how one can get into the action, it is a very simple process. First, you simply signup through your email or social media (this is commonly Facebook). Next, you make your deposit in order to make yourself eligible for playing in games. The depositing process is just as simple as signing up. After you make your account, you will instantly be directed to the page where you will deposit your money, and you are given a number of options for a fixed number that you want to spend. As of right now, you can deposit as little as $5.00 to as much as $2,000.
For your first deposit, you will receive a complimentary $3.00 ticket to participate in a paid contest. At the top of the page, there will be a tab in which all the sports that are available to help you make your choice. This will also feature the best contests that are taking place in each sport. Furthermore, each contest is broken down by game style, the type of contest and the entry fee. You can make searching for a game of yourself easier by utilizing the advanced filter to narrow the size down to what you need. This speaks to the ease of use that the site has so that you are not blindly chasing across the site to compete in contests that you do not want to.
Tournaments and Cash Games
Now, there are two specific categories in fantasy sports on DraftKings, being tournaments and cash games. Cash games payout to approximately half the entire field while tournaments have a higher chance of payouts. Tournaments pay out approximately 20% less than cash games and a big reason for that is because there are more "winner take all" tournaments as well.
Another big advantage that DraftKings can provide prospective users is its creativity. This especially is the case when it comes to the NBA. DraftKings allows freedom in the NBA to provide users to have multiple positions, such as a forward spot, a guard spot, and a utility spot. This can put prominent players into positions they do not usually play. So if one wanted to put Kawhi Leonard, Toronto's starting small forward, into a guard spot, they could do just that. What separates this from other sites is that there are stricter guidelines on position eligibility.
Different Game Types
There are advantages going across other sports as well, such as utility spots and two-pitcher sits in the MLB, six spots that could be filled in golf and a FLEX spot for fantasy football. New and innovative ways to level the playing field across each sport is being discovered every day, and there does not seem to be any signs of slowing down in the near future.
A variety of formats in game styles is available to the users' disposal. Over time, as a user gets adapted to each style, they may be able to find which ones they succeed in the most. A popular format that DraftKings introduced over the course of the past year is "Tiers". This can prove to be convenient for those who are strapped for time because all you do is choose from a group of six tiers of pre-selected players. Then, all you do is go up against the selections of other users. All of these tiers usually vary on skill level ranging from below average to elite players to select from.
You could also opt for the classic format, where you fill each spot while staying within the salary cap. You could also substitute players in and out of your lineup at our leisure as long as the game being played is not already in progress. For those who may have gone across other fantasy sports sites and want to continue with the same format, DraftKings can provide that option.
A showdown slate will allow you to play fantasy sports in one set sports game. The most popular kind of showdown slate is Sunday Night Football from the NFL. Your roster will be comprised of FLEX players and a Captains spot in which that player will earn more than the average fantasy production. Any team that fits your roster can be played, be it offensive players or defensive players. With a similar format to other sports, these showdown slates are typically centered for bigger games and can provide an intriguing dynamic to fantasy sports.
You will also have the option of drafting a team available to you as well. There will be a list of available players listed to your left and can be sorted by position if you like. With each player carries a specific salary, and the onus will be on you to find a balanced team that does not exceed the cap. It will be easy for you to make your team and know you can and cannot get because your remaining salary will always be available to you as you are making your team. Being able to see your salary may not be seen in tiers or showdown slate gameplay styles.
The scoring system also has a great balance of complexity, but simplicity in its usage. The learning curve for new users is often a concern for many who get into online fantasy sports play, but DraftKings gets a great job of getting people acclimated to the system. Your freedom of creativity will range across different sports. For example, in football, bonuses are given for a certain number of yards for ground running or receiving. Other bonuses are distributed for achieving a set number of yards in passing. In baseball, points can be given for shutouts, no-hitters and complete games.
However, these bonuses in scoring are seen in a huge way with basketball. Advantages are given to those who shoot the three-point ball very well, and individual achievements such as double-doubles and triple-doubles get bonuses as well. For hockey, short-handed goals and hat tricks are typically well rewarded. With golf, scoring is based on a per hole production, streaks, and placement in tournaments. Bonuses may be achieved here through a set number of birdies, a round free of bogeys, or rounds under 70 strokes.
Withdrawing
Now, for the part that many might be interested in, being the process of withdrawing funds. It is just as simple as depositing money in the first place. You simply click on the deposit button, and an option to withdraw funds will be on the left-hand side of the screen. The minimum to withdraw is $20. In terms of the policy regarding withdrawals, the original deposit source must be refunded with the initial amount that you deposited. Then, the remaining funds will be distributed via Paypal or check. No matter the method that you decide, you can expect your withdrawn funds within 7 business days.
In terms of support that you may get on the website, it can be hit or miss. You can rest assured that you will get an answer to your questions, but the problem is that it typically isn't instant. Also, many users are tempted to submit support tickets that may take a while to be responded to, as opposed to accessing the FAQ section, because the answers may not be clearly displayed. Also, one advantage other fantasy sports may have over DraftKings is that they have telephone numbers and on-screen chats. DK does not offer that.
DraftKings also provides users with incentives for recommending the site to others. With each user that signs up and makes a deposit via a unique referral link, new players will get $20 of DK dollars. They will also receive a special prize. Be advised that any bonuses must be applied after four months, or it will expire.
Overall, DraftKings provides a unique experience and a superior fantasy sports platform for those interested in the genre. From the sleek and easy design to the many ways one can engage in competition, DraftKings has continued to prove why it is the envy of other fantasy sports platforms. While it is not a perfect site as seen through the improvements that could be made in customer support, the learning curve for new users is quite small, and opportunities to make money are never lacking.
Hopefully, this draftkings.com review has given you an accurate perspective on the site. If you are interested in playing fantasy sports and getting the opportunity to earn money, DraftKings may be the platform that you are looking for.


A memorial monument to Stalin's millions of victims—the subject of intense political struggle for more than 50 years—was commemorated in Moscow by Vladimir Putin, whose support at last made it a reality.
In November 1961, at the end of a Community Party Congress that publicly condemned Stalin's crimes, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev unexpectedly called for the building of a national memorial to the tens of millions of victims of Stalin's nearly 25-year reign, much of it accompanied by mass terror. During the next five decades, a fierce political struggle raged between anti-Stalinists and pro-Stalinists, sometimes publicly but often behind the scenes, over whether the victims should be memorialized or deleted from history through repression and censorship. On October 30 of this year, Russia's anti-Stalinists finally won this struggle when Putin officially and personally inaugurated, in the center of Moscow, a large memorial sculpture named "Wall of Sorrow" depicting the victims' fate. Though nominally dedicated to all victims of Soviet repression, the monument was clearly—in word, deed, and design—focused on the Stalin years, from 1929 to his death in 1953.
Cohen explains that he has spent decades studying the Stalin era, during which he came to know personally many surviving victims of the mass terror and had closely observed various aspects of the struggle over their subsequent place in Soviet politics and history. (This history and Cohen's is recounted in his book The Victims Return: Survivors of the Gulag After Stalin.) As a result, he and his wife, Katrina vanden Heuvel, editor and publisher of The Nation, felt a compelling need to be present at the ceremony on October 30. Having gained access to the semi-closed event, attended perhaps by some 300 people (including officials, representatives of anti-Stalinist memorial organizations, aged survivors, relatives of victims, and the mostly Russian press), they flew to Moscow for the occasion.
Cohen gave Batchelor his firsthand account of the event, at which Putin, the patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, and a representative of a memorial organization, Vladimir Lukin (whom Cohen had known since 1976, when Lukin was a semi-dissident outcast in Moscow, and later a post-Soviet Russian ambassador to Washington), spoke. The formal ceremony began just after 5 pm and lasted, after a choir's hymns, about 45 minutes. At first, Cohen felt it was marred by the dark, cold, rainy weather, until he heard someone in the gathering remark quietly, "The heavens are weeping for the victims." In the context of other anti-Stalinist speeches by Soviet and post-Soviet leaders over the years, Cohen thought Putin's remarks were heartfelt, moving, even profound. (They can be found in English at Kremlin.ru.) Without mentioning their names, Putin alluded to the crucial roles played in the anti-Stalinist struggle by Khrushchev and by Mikhail Gorbachev, Soviet leader during the years of reform from 1985 to 1991. (Cohen and vanden Heuvel spent the evening before the ceremony at a private dinner with Gorbachev and one of his closest friends, often recalling Gorbachev's pathbreaking de-Stalinizing reformation, known as perestroika, much of which they had also observed firsthand.) One of Putin's remarks at the ceremony struck Cohen as especially important. After allowing that most events in Russian history were the subject of legitimate debate, Stalin's long mass terror, Putin suggested, was not. Other controversial episodes may have their historical pluses and minuses, but Stalin's terror and its consequences were too criminal and ramifying for any pluses. That, he emphasized, was the essential lesson for Russia's present and future.
Based on reading the Russian press and watching Moscow television for three days, Cohen concluded there were three general reactions to the memorial monument and Putin's role, at least among Moscow's political and intellectual elites. One was full approval. Another, expressed in a protest by a number of Soviet-era dissidents, most of them now living abroad, and reported in Russian media, was that such a memorial to historical victims was "cynical" while there were still victims of repression in today's Russia. The third view, expressed by ultra-nationalist writers, was that any condemnation of Stalin's "repression," especially officially and by President Putin personally, was deplorable because it weakened the nation's will to "repress" US and NATO encroachment on Russia's borders and its "fifth column" representatives inside the Russian political establishment today. If nothing else, Cohen points out, these reactions testify to the spectrum of public political opinion in Russia under Putin.
§ The US media demonization of Putin regularly presents him as a kind of crypto-Stalin who has promoted the rehabilitation of the despot's reputation in Russia. This is factually untrue. Putin's rare, barely semi-positive public references to Stalin mostly relate to the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany, from which, however great Stalin's crimes, he cannot truthfully be separated. For better or worse, Stalin was the wartime Soviet leader. Nor was October 30 the first time Putin had appeared at a public memorialization of Stalin's victims—he had done so previously, then and now the only Soviet or post-Soviet leader ever to do so. Above all, as Cohen knows from his own study and sources, Putin personally made possible, against formidable high-level opposition, the creation not only of the new memorial monument but, several years earlier, the construction of a large State Museum of the History of the Gulag, also in Moscow. It is true that Stalin's historical reputation in Russia today is on the rise. But this is due to circumstances that Putin does not control, certainly not fully. Pro-Stalin forces in the Russian political-media-historical establishment have used their considerable resources to recast the murderous despot in the image of a stern but benign leader who protected "the people" against foreign enemies, traitors, venal politicians, and corrupt bureaucrats. In addition, when Russia is confronted with Cold War threats from abroad, as it perceives to be today, Stalin reemerges as the leader who drove the Nazi war machine from Russia all the way back to Berlin and destroyed it along the way. Not surprisingly, in a recent poll of positive popular attitudes toward admired historical figures, Stalin topped the list. Briefly stated, Stalin's reputation has fallen and risen due to larger social and international circumstances. Thus, during the very hard economic times of the Yeltsin 1990s, Stalin's reputation, after plunging under Gorbachev, began to rise again.
§ It is often reported that Putin's relative silence about controversial subjects in modern Russian history is a form of sinister cover-up or censorship. This misinterpretation fails to understand two important factors. Like any state and its leadership, Russia needs a usable, substantially consensual history for stability and progress. Achieving elite or popular consensus about the profound traumas of the Czarist, Soviet, and post-Soviet pasts is exceedingly difficult, if not impossible. Putin's approach, with rare exceptions, has been twofold. First, he has said little judgmental about controversial periods and events while encouraging historians, political intellectuals, and others to argue publicly over their disagreements, though "civilly." Second, and related, he has avoided resorting to the Soviet practice of imposed state historical orthodoxy, which required heavy-handed censorship and other forms of suppression. Hence his refusal to stage state events during this 100th anniversary year of the 1917 Revolution—not, as is widely reported, because he "fears a new revolution"—leaving such public celebrations to the large Russian Communist Party, for which 1917 remains sacred. Surely Putin deserves credit for avoiding state-imposed historical orthodoxies, the only important exception being those around the Soviet victory in the Second World War, during which 27.5 million Soviet citizens perished, and even in this regard there are considerable controversies in the Russian media.
§ It is also regularly asserted in the American media that Russia has never grappled publicly with, "confronted," its dark Stalinist past. This too is factually untrue. From 1956 to his overthrow in 1964, Khrushchev permitted waves of revelations and judgments about the crimes of the Stalin era. They were mostly stopped under his immediate successors, but under Gorbachev's glasnost there was, as was commonly said at the time, a kind of "Nuremberg Trial of the Stalin Era" in virtually all forms of Soviet media. It has continued ever since, though to a lesser degree, with less intensity, and facing greater pro-Stalin opposition. Indeed, Americans might consider this: In Moscow, there are two state-sponsored national memorials to Stalin's millions of victims—the Gulag Museum and the new monument. In Washington, there are none specifically dedicated to the millions of victims of American slavery.
Nonetheless, Cohen concludes, the new memorial to Stalin's victims, however historic, will not end the bitter controversy and political struggle over his reputation in Russia, which began with his death 64 years ago. It will continue, not primarily because of one or another Kremlin leader but because millions of relatives of the Stalinist terror's victims and victimizers still confront each other in Russia and will for perhaps at least another generation. Because the Stalin era was marked both by a mountain of crimes and a mountain of national achievements, which even the best-informed and best-intended historians still struggle to reconcile or balance. And because the nearly 30-year Stalinist experience still influences Russia in ways arguably no less than does a Kremlin leader, even Vladimir Putin, however good his intentions.


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OUR VISION OF THE FUTURE
« Our cities are thoughtfully designed to inspire life and the human spirit, and give people the opportunity to experience nature with little to no impact on the environment; we use solar and wind energy, reuse and recycle, and we protect the natural habitats of other living creatures. All nations, governing bodies and business around the world have united in full partnership such that humanity is now living in harmony with nature and other living beings. »
Juliette Patterson
Juliette Patterson has a bachelor's degree in biology, a BArch degree from McGill University and a master's in Landscape architecture at Harvard University.
Given her cross disciplinary background, and her accreditation as an architect and landscape architect, Ms Patterson brings a unique perspective to a team, and an ability to work on complex projects that require multidisciplinary cooperation.
Certified as a LEED professional, Juliette Patterson sits on a Canada-wide LEED committee for LEED-home certification. She has been an invited professor for many years at the School of Landscape Architecture of the University of Montreal.
Ms Patterson is a member of the administration of the Griffintown Horse Palace Foundation, whose aim is to restore the Griffintown Horse Palace, a heritage working stable in downtown Montreal.
Catalyse Urbaine
Michel Langlois
Michel Langlois has twenty years' experience in the construction of public and private buildings in Canada and abroad. From the expansion of Montreal's Trudeau airport to the construction of residential buildings, and from the renovation of a historic building in London to institutional buildings in Boston, he has led multidisciplinary teams from design to completion.
Michel is also committed to the sustainable development of mountain communities. A member of many organizations, he participated in the Mountain Forum at the United Nations in July 2010, and the Mountain Partnership conference in Perth in October 2010.
Michel is the president of the "Chambre de Commerce et d'industrie du Sud-Ouest de Montréal."


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Reviews & Statements
Udoh, Emmanuel, and Frank Zhigang Wang, editors. Handbook of Research on Grid Technologies and Utility Computing: Concepts for Managing Large-Scale Applications. IGI Global, 2009. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-184-1
Udoh, E. & Wang, F. (Eds.). (2009). Handbook of Research on Grid Technologies and Utility Computing: Concepts for Managing Large-Scale Applications. IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-184-1
Udoh, Emmanuel, and Frank Zhigang Wang, eds. Handbook of Research on Grid Technologies and Utility Computing: Concepts for Managing Large-Scale Applications. Hershey, PA: IGI Global, 2009. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-184-1
Cloud, Grid, and High Performance Computing e-Book Collection
Handbook of Research on Digital Transformation, Industry Use Cases, and the Impact of Disruptive Technologies
Dynamic Curriculum Development and Design Strategies for Effective Online Learning in Higher Education
Research, Practice, and Innovations in Teacher Education During a Virtual Age
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Science & IT Titles
Handbook of Research on Grid Technologies and Utility Computing: Concepts for Managing Large-Scale Applications
Emmanuel Udoh (Sullivan University, USA) and Frank Zhigang Wang (Cranfield University, UK)
Indexed In: SCOPUS
Release Date: May, 2009|Copyright: © 2009 |Pages: 396
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60566-184-1
ISBN13: 9781605661841|ISBN10: 1605661848|EISBN13: 9781605661858
Today, many institutions and corporations are involved in various grid researches that involve improvement in concepts, protocols, applications, methods, and tools. To help capture the rapid growth in grid concepts and applications and chart the future direction in this field, a resource compiling current advances in grid computing is essential.
The Handbook of Research on Grid Technologies and Utility Computing: Concepts for Managing Large-Scale Applications provides a compendium of terms, definitions, and explanations of concepts, issues, processes, and trends in grid technology. As the first book collection of its kind, this reference features current articles presenting comprehensive coverage of grid technologies valuable to any researcher, practitioner, or academician in grid computing.
Adaptive resource management
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Grid Technologies
Job scheduling mechanisms
Load sharing in a computational grid
Quality of service of grid computing
Resource-aware load balancing
This handbook provides a comprehensive coverage of terms, concepts, processes, acronyms, important issues and trends in grid technology. With contributions from diverse experts, it shares new ideas and best approaches among researchers, scholars and industry practitioners.
– Emmanuel Udoh, Indiana University-Purdue University, USA
Emmanuel Udoh is currently Dean and Professor, College of Information and Computer Technology, Sullivan University, USA. Prior to his current position, Dr. Udoh was the Chair/Director of the IT Department at National College and an Assistant Professor of Computer Science at Indiana University-Purdue University in Fort Wayne. Dr. Udoh holds two doctoral degrees, one in Information Technology from Capella University and one in Geology from Erlangen University in Germany. He also holds an MBA from Capella, an MS in Computer Science from Troy University in Alabama, an MS in Geology from Muenster University in Germany and a BS in Geology from the University of Ife (OAU) in Nigeria. Dr. Udoh is the author of six books and numerous peer-reviewed articles in IT. Dr. Udoh has been listed in American Marquis Who's Who in the World (1993-1994).
Frank Wang is the Director of Centre for Grid Computing, Cambridge-Cranfield High Performance Computing Facility (CCHPCF), Cranfield University. He is chair in e-Science and Grid Computing. Professor Wang is on the editorial board of IEEE Distributed Systems Online, International Journal of Grid and Utility Computing, International Journal of High Performance Computing and Networking, and International Journal on Multiagent and Grid Systems. He is on the High End Computing Panel for the Science Foundation Ireland (SFI). Professor Wang is the Chair (UK & Republic of Ireland Chapter) of the IEEE Computer Society.
Akshai Aggarwal, University of Windsor, Canada
Eric Aubanel, University of New Brunswick, Canada
Yuhui Deng, Cranfield University, UK
Hai Jin, Huazhong University, China
Daniel S. Katz, University of Chicago, USA
Akihiko Konagaya, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Japan
Maozhen Li, Brunel University, UK
Ruth Shaw, University of New Brunswick, Canada
Dali Wang, University of Tennessee, USA


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There's a new round of interesting court filings in Boston-based Dana-Farber Cancer Institute's lawsuit against a Bay Area biotech startup co-founded by Dana-Farber scientists. It's the latest chapter in a case primarily concerning who has rights to a potential game-changing drug for lung cancer discovered at Dana-Farber.
Dana-Farber filed a lawsuit against Millbrae, CA-based Gatekeeper Pharmaceuticals in U.S. District Court in Boston on September 21. The lawsuit, as I explained last month, essentially asks the court to let Dana-Farber out of a previous agreement to license patent rights to the potential lung cancer drug, WZ4002, to Gatekeeper, a startup formed in March 2009 to commercialize the technology. Dana-Farber indicated in its complaint that the Swiss drug giant Novartis, a longtime supporter of the cancer institute, had come forward after the agreement was inked to claim it had rights to the molecule—and that Dana-Farber now believes that claim to be valid. Now the new round of court filings deal with the issue of whether Gatekeeper's president, John Chant, should be allowed to intervene in the case.
In its response to Dana-Farber's complaint, Gatekeeper asked the court, among other things, to order the cancer institute to license WZ4002 to the startup, and to order Novartis to pay damages for causing that license to be delayed. But the startup's president, Chant, argued in a motion to intervene in the in lawsuit, filed last month, that the four members of his firm's board of directors have not sought the types of damages from Dana-Farber and Novartis that Chant believes are in the startup's best interest. In part, his argument is that the board members have conflicts of interest because three of them—Nathanael Gray, Pasi Janne, and Kwok-Kin Wong—are employees of Dana-Farber and one of them, Jeffrey Engelman, has served as a paid consultant to Novartis. If the court grants Chant's motion, then he would have the legal standing to represent the company in this case.
On Monday, both Gatekeeper and Dana-Farber filed memoranda to oppose Chant's motion to intervene in the case. Gatekeeper also filed an affidavit from its board members that exposes disagreements between Chant and the directors on a variety of issues related to its dispute with Dana-Farber and Novartis.


Yudhiṣṭhira Mahārāja said, «O Janārdana, O protector of all beings, what is the name of the Ekādaśī that comes during the dark fortnight of the month of Kārtika (October – November)? Please impart this sacred knowledge to me.
The Supreme Lord, Śrī Kṛṣṇa then spoke as follows, «O lion among kings, please listen as I narrate to you. The Ekādaśī that occurs during the dark part of the month of Kārtika is called Ramā Ekādaśī. It is most auspicious, for it at once eradicates the greatest sins and awards one the passage to the spiritual abode. I shall now narrate to you its history and glories.
«There once lived a famous king of the name Mucukunda, who was friendly to Lord Indra, the king of the heavenly planets, as well as with Yamarāja, Varuṇa, and Vibhīṣaṇa, the pious brother of the demon Rāvaṇa. Mucukunda always spoke the truth and constantly rendered devotional service to Me. Because he ruled according to religious principles, there were no disturbances in his kingdom.
«Mucukunda's daughter was named Candrabhāgā, after a sacred river, and the king gave her in marriage to Śobhana, the son of Candrasena. One day, Śobhana visited his father-in-law's palace on the auspicious Ekādaśī day. This visit made Śobhana's wife Candrabhāgā quite anxious, for she knew that her husband was physically very weak and unable to bear the austerity of a day-long fast. She said to him, `My father is very strict about following Ekādaśī. On Daśamī, the day before Ekādaśī, he strikes a large kettledrum and announces, «Nobody should eat on Ekādaśī, the sacred day of Śrī Hari!
«When Śobhana heard the sound of the kettledrum, he said to his wife, `O beautiful one, what am I to do now? Please tell me how I can save my life and obey your father's strictness and at the same time satisfy our guests!
auspicious night made all the Vaiṣṇavas very happy. O Yudhiṣṭhira, all the devotees enjoyed worshipping Lord Hari and remaining awake all through night, but Prince Śobhana that night became absolutely unbearable. Indeed, when the Sun rose on the Dwadasi, that Prince Śobhana was dead.
«King Mucukunda observed his son-in-law's funeral, ordering a large stack of wood be assembled for the fire, but he instructed his daughter Candrabhāgā not to join her husband on the funeral pyre. Thus Candrabhāgā, after performing all the purificatory processes and procedures for honouring her deceased husband, continued to live in her father's house.
Lord Kṛṣṇa continued, «O best of the kings, Yudhiṣṭhira, even though Śobhana died because of observing Ramā Ekādaśī, the merit that he accrued enabled him, after his death, to become the ruler of a kingdom high on the peak of Mandarācala Mountain. This kingdom was like a city of the demigods; very lustrous, with unlimited jewels set in the walls of its buildings that gave off light. The pillars were made of rubies, and gold inlaid with diamonds shone everywhere. As King Śobhana sat upon a throne beneath a pure white canopy, servants fanned him with yak-tail whisks. A stunning crown rested upon his head, beautiful earrings adorned his ears, a necklace graced his throat, and bejewelled armlets and bracelets encircled his arms. He was served by Gandharvas (the best of heavenly singers) and Apsarās (celestial dancers). Verily, he resembled a second Indra.
«One day, a brāhmaṇa named Somaśarmā, who lived in Mucukunda's kingdom, happened upon Śobhana's kingdom while travelling to various places of pilgrimage. The brāhmaṇa saw Śobhana in all his resplendent glory and thought he might be the son-in-law of his own king Muchakunda. When Śobhana saw the brāhmaṇa approaching, he immediately rose up from his seat and welcomed him. After Śobhana had paid his respectful obeisances he asked the brāhmaṇa about his well-being and about the health and welfare of his (Śobhana's) father-in-law, his wife and all the residents of the city.
«King Śobhana then began to tell his story, `Because I observed the Ramā Ekādaśī, I was given this splendid city to rule over. But for all of its grandeur, it is only temporary. I beg you to do something to correct this deficiency. You see, this is only an ephemeral city, a place of this material world. How may I make its beauties and glories permanent? Kindly reveal this to me by your instructions.
«The humble brāhmaṇa Somaśarmā then led Candrabhāgā to Śobhana's effulgent kingdom. Before reaching it, however, they stopped at the foot of Mt. Mandarācala, at the sacred āśrama of Vāmadeva. Upon hearing their story, Vāmadeva chanted hymns from the Vedas and sprinkled holy water from his samanya arghya upon Candrabhāgā. By the influence of that great Ṛṣi's rites, the merit she had accrued by fasting for so many Ekādaśīs made her body transcendental. Ecstatic, her eyes beaming in wonder, Candrabhāgā continued on her journey.
Lord Kṛṣṇa continued, «O Yudhiṣṭhira, in this way Candrabhāgā who was beautifully decorated with the finest ornaments and had an exquisitely transcendental body, at last enjoyed peace and happiness with her husband. By the potency of Ramā Ekādaśī, Śobhana found his kingdom on the peaks of Mt. Mandarācala able to fulfill all his desires and bestow upon him everlasting happiness, like that achieved from the transcendental Kāma-dhenu cow.
«O greatest of kings, I have thus narrated to you the glories of Ramā Ekādaśī that falls in the dark fortnight of the month of Kārtika.
differentiate between the Ekādaśīs of the light and dark parts of the month. As we have seen, both can award pleasure in this world and liberate even the most sinful and fallen souls. Just as black cows and white cows give equally good quality milk. So the Ekādaśīs of the dark fortnight and the light fortnight award the same high degree of merit and eventually liberate one from the repeated cycle of birth and death. Anyone who simply hears this narration of the glories of the sacred day of Ramā Ekādaśī, is freed from all kinds of sin and attains the supreme abode of Lord Viṣṇu.
Thus ends the Vṛjavāsī narration for the glories of the sacred Kārtika-kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī, or Ramā Ekādaśī, from the Brahmā-vaivarta Purāṇa.


text:
Chýně is a municipality and village in Prague-West District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 4,300 inhabitants. The municipality is a suburb of Prague.

Geography
Chýně is located about  west of Prague. It lies in an agricultural landscape of the Prague Plateau.

The Litovický stream runs east along the northern border and supplies two small ponds. The upper pond is called Bašta and is used for recreational purposes. The lower pond is called Strahovský.

History
The area of the municipality has been inhabited since prehistoric times. Iron furnaces that were found here are the oldest examples known in Bohemia and Moravia. The first written mention of Chýně is from 1273.

The village used to belong to Strahov Monastery and until recently it was a small farming community. Proximity to Prague, the airport, and the motorway to Plzeň led in the 1990s to the development of some logistics and construction industries. The municipality has grown considerably with some large housing developments to the west, and it is losing some of its rural character.

Economy
Chýně has a small industrial area in the east.

Transport
Public transport consists mostly of buses to Prague districts of Zličín and Motol, but it is evolving with new lines and increased frequences. Chýně is also served by two railway stations on the line from Prague to Kladno, but one of the stations lies just across the municipal border.

References

External links

Villages in Prague-West District

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Extended Lipid Profile (With measured LDL) (Cholestrol, HDL, LDL, TGS, VLDL, Non-HDL, Apo A1, Apo B, ApoA1: APO B, Lipo a- 10 tests).
Report overnight fasting to LAB and bring stool sample (not more than 2 hours old) in a clean container. Full urinary bladder is needed for ultrasound. Take appointment for Stress Echo.


With more than 25 years of experience in the building and development industry, Craig has focused his career around innovation, execution and growth. As Senior Vice President, Craig oversees a wide array of residential projects throughout Tavistock Development's portfolio in Lake Nona, Sunbridge and beyond – including residential lot development, mixed-use projects and Craft – Century Homes. He also oversees Tavistock's onsite property management and technology.
Prior to joining Tavistock Development, Craig most recently served as a Division President with Pulte Group – leading all operations throughout New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Throughout his career, Craig has spearheaded the planning and construction of more than 20,000 homes ranging from single-family detached and attached residences, to an array of multi-family buildings. In addition, Craig directed the planning and development of hundreds of projects, including large master-planned communities, infill and mixed-use developments.
Craig is a graduate of Ryerson University in Toronto, Canada.


Lenexa sits between Olathe and Shawnee, Kansas, and also borders Overland Park, Kansas. There are a lot of DUI cases generated in Lenexa, in part because Interstate 35, Interstate 435 and Kansas Highway 10 all run through it. Usually, attorneys meet with the prosecutors on Thursday mornings in Lenexa and cases can be discussed and scheduled for further proceedings. If a person is placed on diversion in Lenexa, he or she will be monitored by one of a handful of agencies approved to supervise diversion for that court. If placed on probation for a DUI conviction, a person will be monitored by either one of the approved agencies or Lenexa Court Services. Monitoring will consist of monthly check-ins, compliance with treatment requirements, color code urine test monitoring and other requirements.


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Our writers spent 3 hours researching the most popular translucent powder on the market. Before making their final recommendations, they considered 30 different translucent powder overall, screened options from 20 different brands and manufacturers, read over 25 user reviews (both positive and negative), and tested 10 of the translucent powder themselves. All of this research adds up to recommendations you can trust.


text:
Are you smarter than a pharisee? Jeff Foxworthy to host Bible trivia show
Taylor Bigler Entertainment Editor
Comedian Jeff Foxworthy, who is fresh off of stumping for Mitt Romney on the campaign trail, has a new religion-themed project in the works. (RELATED: Get the laugh track ready: Jeff Foxworthy to stump for Mitt Romney in Deep South)
GSN — formerly known as the Game Show Network — announced Wednesday at an advertisers meeting that Foxworthy will be the new host of a Bible-based trivia show, "The American Bible Challenge."
Foxworthy currently hosts "Are You Smarter Than a Fifth Grader?"
"American Bible Challenge" will select contestants based on their backgrounds, and all of the winnings will go towards faith-based charities, The Washington Post reports.
"I am excited to be hosting a show about the best-selling book of all time," Foxworthy said in the announcement. "It will be interesting to find out what people really know, and an opportunity to present the Bible in a fun and entertaining way."
Follow Taylor on Twitter
Taylor Bigler
Trump Wants To Know Why DOD Officials Are Being So Chummy With Amazon
Melania Turns Heads In Gorgeous Black Pantsuit At WH Event


>> First and foremost our core business has never been stronger in the U.S. and around the world.>> Howard Schultz is leaving Starbucks after more than four decades. During speculation that he maybe in a new career in politics.>> We need really strong authentic trusted leaders. Not only in the world but specifically here at home.
>> He built the coffee chain into a household name growing it from just 11 stores to more than 28,000 in 77 countries. Schultz is also a major democratic donor, and has backed campaigns focused on civic engagement.>> And I've been criticized because people have said, well, your role is to create shareholder value and profit, not to use Starbucks as a political tool.
>> When a divided U.S. Congress faced a budget deadline in 2012 he asked baristas to write come together on customer's coffee cups. In 2015, the slogan became Race Together under the protest movement of the police shootings of African Americans. And last month, Schultz closed thousands of stores to provide staff with racial bias training after an incident where a manager called the police on two African Americans who asked to use the bathroom.
>> Schultz has not said what he plans to do next, but was asked last week on CBS News about his political plans.>> As you leave us you'll be heading to the green room. Senator Elizabeth Warren is there. Some people could say we're looking at two top contenders for the democratic party.
Elizabeth Warren would be a great candidate.>> Okay.>> Starbucks said Schultz retirement would be effective June 26th.


text:
Q: Infinite System of Stochastic Ordinary Differential Equations Coupled by Infinite Graphs $\ \ \ $ In Time Evolution of Infinite Anharmonic Systems,
Lanford,Lebowitz and Lieb, roughly speaking, proved that for some families of functions $F_v$ $(v\in\mathbb Z^d)$
and a large set of initial condition, there exist a unique solution defined on a non-degenerated interval
$[0,T]$ for the infinite system
$$
\left\{
\begin{array}{rcl}
    \frac{d}{dt}q_v(t)&=&p_v(t)\\
    \frac{d}{dt}p_v(t)&=&F_v(X(t))\\
    X(0)&=&X_0,
\end{array}
\right.
$$
where $X_0$ and $X(t)$ belongs to some Banach space contained in $(\mathbb R^n\times\mathbb R^n)^{\mathbb Z^d}$
and as mentioned before $v\in\mathbb Z^d$.
$\ \ \ $ Although the authors do not mention, their results can be generalized for any infinite uniformly bounded degree graph. But a more interesting generalization, would be made by considering
the stochastic case. Because it seems to be physically relevant to consider that the forces in each vertex of
the graph are not completely known, due some random perturbations.
$\ \ \ $ Could you help me to find a reference where this kind of model is considered ?

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