Better hurry before it becomes the Black Knight skit.
I still love the unfinished pages, so no need to apologize! Seeing the work-in-progress stuff is so instructional, as an artist, and also a good morale boost, reminding me that I shouldn't judge my work by the partially-finished stage, but by the complete work once I'm done with it (it's sometimes hard to remember that).
Personalized shirts are so much fun?
I'm also enjoying the slightly smug, knowing looks on their faces as they quietly enjoy watching the next generation tackle the challenges of being parents.
Seriously, that's wonderfully subtle to successfully convey through relatively simple cartoons images. well done!
Agreed. It's the small things like that that makes this one of my favourite webcomics.
That, and the snark. Selkie and Amanda are the Queen and Empress of Snark, long may they reign.
A trampoline after eating pizza? With Amanda's tendency to "get a bit pukey" (Selkie 828)? This could get epic!
In fairness, she seems to have a familial, through Andi, susceptibility to dizziness , rather than motion-sickness.
Good point. I'd forgotten that one. Thanks for bringing it up.
Your ability to capture sister relations is on the mark EVERY time. It's awesome.
… Theo and Mari are wearing matching "Amanda is turning 9 years old" sweatshirt?
I thought a gamekid ultra would be a replacement handheld, that box is… …impressive.
XD To be fair, Selkie doesn't have much restraint either.
I LOVE the shirts that Mari and Theo are wearing. XD I hope they do the same thing for Selkie's birthday!
She essentially refuses to acknowledge the existence of the guest of honor. There's no way she's going to drop by!
One would hope that as Amanda and Selkie learn to behave more maturely, that Andi also learns to accept Selkie as well.
She *was* the one that pointed out that Selkie was effectively her sister and she would have to learn to get along with her, and also to stop the name-calling and other abusive behavior Amanda was pulling on Selkie.
Gack. I misread the comment, just ignore what I just wrote, s'late.
Dave, if you want to use your administrative powers to kill my previous comment I would appreciate it. Thanks.
I will not, I don't think anyone here might bother to do so.
a'Course, not a'curse, this tablet has an annoying way of dropping the Os from words at random times. Like typing yu in place of you. Very annoying especially since my English is good enough to spell simple words correctly.


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Q: python for loop, appending data from 12 columns to 1 column I am trying to determine what this loop does and if it can be done in a clearer way.
My understanding:
For each iteration of the loop, it's taking one of the user ID fields(Col1 to Col 12) and writing that to the ID_final field. And then it tries to use that to join to "data" dataframe. Then appends everything to final_hr dataframe.
column_list = pd.DataFrame(['Col1','Col2','Col3','Col4', 'Col5',
'Col6','Col7','Col8','Col9','Col10',
'Col11','Col12'])

final_hr = pd.DataFrame()

for column in range(len(column_list)):
            hr_new=hr.copy()
          #Drop rows containing NAN for column 'col4' for new merge
          hr_new.dropna(subset=[column_list.iloc[column,0]], inplace = True)
          #Creating a new column for merge
           hr_new['ID_final']=hr_new[column_list.iloc[column,0]]
           #case folding
           hr_new['ID_final']=hr_new['ID_final'].str.strip().str.upper()
           #Merge data
          merged_data = pd.merge(hr_new, data, how='left', left_on='ID_final', right_on ='OtherID')
           #Concatinating all data together
            final_hr = final_hr.append(merged_data)

HR_attestation = final_hr.drop_duplicates()

I have trouble understanding how this exactly works.
In this output, i am unsure how the user "BADAWI6" from Col4 becomes the ID_Final. Why isnt Col1 or Col7 becoming the ID_Final here?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Supercreator
AboutPeople
What is Supercreator?
It's a newsletter about national politics and public policy for people who make and monetize their work through the direct support of their fans.
Creators of all kinds — including writers, journalists, podcasters, video producers, visual artists, activists, musicians, home cooks, pro chefs, software developers, marketing leaders and entrepreneurs — trust Supercreator to deepen their understanding of the politicians, power brokers and policies shaping how we work and live in the new economy.
The newsletter is also a valuable resource for outsiders who want to understand the issues that matter to creators — especially women, Black and brown people and LBGTQ+ folks — who are often overlooked and underserved by existing systems and institutions.
Subscribe to get full access to the newsletter and website. You'll never miss an update: Every new issue of the newsletter goes directly to your inbox — instead of sinking into the abyss of a never-ending news feed. Already a subscriber? Log in at any time to manage your account.
I'm Michael, a New York City-based independent reporter who tracks the daily goings-on in the federal government on the internet and how they impact creative people.
Before I went indie, I produced shopping features, covered the home and tech markets, and wrote a weekly style column in print and digital editorial roles at Lucky, a Condé Nast-owned magazine (RIP!). And before that, I crafted e-commerce copy for ShopBAZAAR — the online shopping companion to Harper's BAZAAR magazine. I used to publish a cool fashion blog too. And in what feels like a lifetime ago, I designed, developed and delivered learning experiences as a corporate trainer for clients including Bank of America and Chase. I'm also a proud inaugural alum of the On Deck Writer Fellowship.
I grew up in a political household. It's not that my parents talked about politics all the time. Because they didn't. But they lived their politics. It seemed as though my mom and dad were deeply aware that if they wanted to fulfill their life's work of leaving the world better than they found it for my sister and me, then they'd need to vote their values in a then-deep-red state that would otherwise ignore their humanity.
And even though I ultimately moved from Texas to New York City to work in the fashion industry, I did so in part because I learned early on that how we expressed ourselves to the world could be political statements if we wanted them to be. The editors, writers, designers, publicists, stylists, makeup artists and photographers I was blessed to collaborate with all brought their lived experiences to their work. Every editorial meeting, fashion shoot and feature story was a case study in who was assigned power, how they exerted it and how the rest of us were impacted by those decisions. In hindsight, that's what fascinated me the most. The glamorous trappings of the gig, while fundamental to others, was simply icing on the cake for me. Few people bring this perspective to their political coverage.
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With that said, I also believe that journalism is critical to a democracy in which the government is accountable to the people. It's a vital watchdog that investigates the rich and powerful on your behalf too. That's why you can read my political reporting for free. And since we're still in a pandemic, my coronavirus coverage is accessible at no cost too.
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Politics — with all its warts — is an entree that can not only help you reclaim your seat at the table but also decide what's served on the menu. Because as politics bungle the public trust and corporate media organizations grapple with their own institutional shortcomings and tech executives dictate many of the internet's rules of engagement, savvy digital creators are wise to this fact: Our health, wealth and well-being depend on whether or not the rich and powerful are accountable to our interests. Supercreator exists to help you feel less overwhelmed by it all.
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If that sounds like your jam, then I hope you'll come along as I cover the pandemic recovery, the role of race, class and gender in our daily lives, what's happening at the White House, on Capitol Hill and in the courts, and how American capitalism harms more people than it helps.
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The Cat Piano - Animation with Photoshop
I recently discovered the 2009 short animated film, The Cat Piano, by Adelaide based studio, The People's Republic of Animation (who are also responsible for quite a few of Adelaide's local animated commercials on Television).
The film is based on a poem by studio co-founder, Eddie White who also co-directed with fellow collaborator, Ari Gibson. It features the voice of Australian music icon, Nick Cave.
The synopsis is as follows...
In a city of singing cats, a lonely beat poet falls for a beautiful siren. When a mysterious dark figure emerges, kidnapping the town's singers for his twisted musical plans, the poet must save his muse and put an end to the nefarious tune that threatens to destroy the city.
Filled with strong visuals and some gruesome ideas in a story that is told quite economically it's not hard to see why this short is multi-award winning and as been screened at short film festivals world wide.
What caught my attention though (apart from it being a local production in my home city) was that it's creators animated the film by hand drawing every frame directly into Adobe Photoshop using Wacom Tablets. A technique that the makers say is becoming a signature style of The People's Republic of Animation.
That's interesting because it shows that top quality animation can still be achieved using more traditional hand drawn techniques without the need to learn more complex software such as Adobe Flash or Toon Boom Studio. Proving there is more than one way to 'skin a cat'.
Watch The Cat Piano below.
Animation Tools Featured Animators
Topics: Animation Tools Featured Animators
enjoyinglifeinseoul May 16, 2013 at 1:51:00 PM GMT+9:30
That was pretty wicked. More that one way to skin a cat indeed!" lol
Featured GoAnimator: Angron - Dragon Man
Part 3: Evolution of a GoAnimate Contest Entry


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2022 UIW News
UIW News
SMSE Receives Grant to Help STEM Students Graduate
Veronica G. Martinez Acosta, PhD, professor of Biology and director of the UIW Honors Program, is part of a group that received grant funding from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation's Equitable Pathways program. The landmark $5 million grant will support 20 different partnerships across various organizations to build equitable pathways helping Black, Indigenous and Latina/o students advance into STEM graduate studies.
"I hope that these efforts result in more opportunities for students in our STEM programs of biology and environmental science," stated Acosta.
"This is an exciting new chapter in the Sloan Foundation's long history of supporting diversity, equity and inclusion in the sciences and engineering," said Sloan President Adam F. Falk in the announcement. "We're proud to be investing in new and existing partnerships between MSIs and graduate programs across the country in an effort to strengthen graduate pathways that have too often shut out talented Black, Indigenous, and Latina/o students."
Acosta, along with co-investigator Dr. Jennifer R. Morgan, senior scientist and director of the Eugene Bell Center at the University of Chicago, will work with principal investigator Dr. Linda Hyman, director of Education at the University of Chicago's Marine Biological Laboratory, to utilize the funding.
Acosta also serves as the co-director of the National Science Foundation's Research Experience for Undergraduates Program at the Marine Biological Laboratory. At UIW, she teaches undergraduate courses in cellular biology, developmental biology and neurobiology. She also works with undergraduate students to conduct research in areas related to molecular mechanisms governing neural regeneration and wound healing, as well as investigating the role of stem cell populations in these regenerative processes.
Acosta was a 2021 recipient of the Whitman Fellowships and Early Career Investigator Award, also from the Marine Biological Laboratory. Her research topic for this award was "Photoreception in Lumbriculus variegatus, an aquatic annelid."


5.7L - Mopar Performance is proud to bring your Dodge Charger a genuine Mopar Performance OEM Cat Back Exhaust System. A Dodge Charger Cat Back Exhaust System is a fairly simple power modification that will increase your Charger's exhaust gas flow and produce an engine sound that is deeper and more powerful than that of your stock muffler. Adding a Cat Back Exhaust provides several benefits, the first of which is more power. This Dodge Charger Cat Back Exhaust System is designed to be freer flowing than your stock exhaust, incorporating larger diameter piping and higher-grade mandrel bent tubing for a more laminar flow. What this means for you is a reduced level of back pressure at the engine manifold, so your engine can breathe a little easier and release more horsepower and torque. This also leads to an increase in fuel economy after installing a Cat Back Exhaust System. Another big benefit of a Cat Back Exhaust System is the sound it produces. From a little more grunt to a full-on growl, you'll definitely notice the difference in your Charger's sound after installing this Exhaust System.


As the world is entering an era of technology convergence, the wireless panorama is changing 'fast and furious'. The recent convergence of the Internet and mobile radio has also accelerated the demand for "Internet in the pocket" on light, low-cost terminals, as well as for radio technologies that boost data throughput and reduce cost per bit. Mobile networks are now going multimedia, potentially leading to an explosion in throughput from a few bytes for the Short Message Service (SMS) to a few Kbits/s for the Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), to several 100 kbits/s for video content.
This trend to higher data rates over wireless networks will culminate in the introduction of Third Generation (3G) System UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System).
High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) technology is a cost-efficient upgrade to UMTS systems and promises to deliver performance comparable to today's wireless LAN services, but with the added benefit of mobility and ubiquitous coverage.
Mobile operators who have invested heavy amounts in existing infrastructure will obviously show reluctance towards deployment of new 3G infrastructure. An extremely flexible expansion and migration strategy along the road to the 3G would be "soft" network evolution that does not render existing installations superfluous.
Investment risks are minimized and competitive positions strengthened through the gradual deployment of technology. Intelligently expanding existing infrastructures is often all it takes to be able to offer new forms of mobile data services in practice quickly and flexibly.
The chart below shows the evolution path.
The present network architecture stands on EDGE, it stands for Enhanced Data Rates for Global (instead of "Global", originally: GSM) Evolution. Based on the GSM standard, EDGE permits faster data rates – and so is intermediate step from GSM technology toward UMTS.
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) is the name given to a totally new performance dimension in mobile radio. UMTS is the cornerstone of what is called the third mobile radio generation (3G) for voice and data communication, both packet and circuit-switched. UMTS employs separate frequency bands so is free from the bottlenecks of GSM systems.
Once UMTS is implemented, it would pave the path for HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access). HSDPA provides a smooth evolutionary path for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks to higher data rates and higher capacities, in the same way as Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) does in the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) world. HSDPA is primarily implemented in the Node B (identical to a BTS in a GSM network) and the RNC (Radio Network Controller, both are the entities oF UMTS RAN (Radio Access Network).
Eventually every UMTS market will see HSDPA deployments – the technology offers operators too much of an edge to be ignored.
HSDPA's improved spectrum efficiency enables much faster downstream throughput – between network and terminal – than current UMTS technology. Although the theoretical maximum data transfer speed of HSDPA is 10- 14Mbps, the technology will deliver a 2 – 3Mbps downlink on average. Shared among users in an adequately covered area, this will provide each user with a 300K – 1Mbps downlink, i.e. comparable to current wireless LANs and domestic fixed line broadband.
HSDPA is an extremely cost-effective path to higher data rates and provides more efficient use of valuable spectrum. It enables operators to compete effectively in increasingly converged markets and satisfy the need for enhanced QoS and bandwidth-hungry services in an efficient and cost-effective manner.
When will it come to Pakistan? Any guesses?
Nops. We still await to get 3G.
The information I got from this site has been inspiring. If there is a journal about communication technology which Pakistan Telecommunication supports I will be very grateful to have it even on subscription basis.
The answer to the first answer of question is in the hands of PTA and or indirectly the government of Pakistan.
Yes once 3G services are on-air, you will have the feasibility of mobile live streams. It should be able to work with all latest models of cell phone supporting 3G and HSDPA.
when 3g mobile service in pak will start and how much it will cost, moreover will live web channels be able to stream lively on mobile? What is system requirement and download speed from service provider required to subscribe without any intruption.
This is great. It has been a great source of information to me. Would be glad if I will receive some periodicals.


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Face mask should be washed before using it again -Experts
By Angela Onwuzoo
Angela Onwuzoo
Medical practitioners have warned against improper use of face masks in preventing the spread of COVID-19, saying it should be washed immediately after use.
According to them, failure to wash face masks immediately after use will defeat the purpose for which they are worn.
The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control has emphasised that wearing of face masks may only be effective in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 if they are worn and disposed of appropriately.
It added that mask wearing should be combined with other preventive measures such as hand hygiene and social distancing.
A medical laboratory scientist, Akujuobi Igwe, told PUNCH HealthWise in an interview that those who do not wash their face masks after use are more at risk of getting infected as well as spreading it.
Akujuobi explained, "It is expected that when people are outdoors, they are to wear their face masks. When they return home, even if it is for two hours or the whole day, they are expected to wash the masks properly immediately they remove them.
"There are a lot of particles hooked up as micro organisms that are likely to adhere on the outer parts of those masks that we wear.
"So, we need to safely remove them and wash them immediately to avoid contaminating ourselves with those microorganisms.
"Again, there are risks of spreading infection if you accumulate them before washing. The risk is higher when you accumulate them."
Giving insight on how to wash face masks, Igwe, who is Laboratory/Research Director at Rotan Medical Diagnostic, Lagos, said, "People can wash face masks with soap or detergent. Ordinary soap is very effective.
"After washing a face mask, sun-dry it as part of sterilisation rather than drying it indoors. That is why people are expected to have as many face masks as they can afford.
"Now, it does not matter whether cold water or hot water is used to wash them. What is more important is the use of soap or detergent with clean water. They should be washed very thoroughly."
According to him, the reusable masks are those to be washed and not the surgical/disposable masks.
"It is not advisable to wash disposable masks. They should be discarded after use", he said.
He noted that those wearing face masks on their jaws and neck, without covering their mouth or nose, or covering only their mouth while the nose is left open, are at risk of contracting the viral infection.
The laboratory scientist therefore, called on the government to intensify public enlightenment on proper use of face masks in battling the pandemic.
Another medical practitioner, Jessica Rivera, who is an infectious disease epidemiologist, said, "You can wash your reusable mask as you would any other fabric item — throw it in the laundry, or wash it by hand with soap and water. It's best to use hot water and to dry it using high heat."
The World Health Organisation says that the use of a mask alone is insufficient to provide an adequate level of protection.
The world health body, however, notes that wearing of face mask is one of the most effective ways of slowing community transmission of the virus.
WHO Risk Communication Officer, Hawa Sesay, had, during the 2020 World Mask Week in August, said, "The correct use of face mask is key to ensuring containment of the spread of the COVID-19 in our communities.
"Face mask can be sometimes uncomfortable, but contracting COVID -19 is more uncomfortable and riskier.
"Let us all continue to wear face mask to protect our lives and that of our loved ones."
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Mixing alcohol with energy drink dangerous, warn experts
News Lara Adejoro - January 28, 2023 0
Lara Adejoro Medical experts have warned against mixing alcohol with energy drinks, saying it is dangerous to health. The experts, who gave the warning, said the...


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SEC Files Securities-Fraud Suits; Executives Also Face Indictments
By Rhonda L. RundleStaff Reporter of The Wall Street Journal
Sept. 28, 2000 12:01 am ET
LOS ANGELES -- In a sweeping move against securities fraud, federal authorities announced indictments against five former officers of publicly traded companies for alleged fraud involving accounting practices. In addition, Securities and Exchange Commission officials filed 11 civil lawsuits and other enforcement actions against those executives and others at a total of six companies in California, Washington and Nevada.
Federal grand juries here handed up indictments of three former executives at Craig Consumer Electronics Inc. in Cerritos, Calif., and two former executives at Sirena Apparel Group Inc., a Los Angeles swimwear maker. The defendants are all accused of "cooking the books" to make their corporations appear more profitable than they were, according to the U.S. Attorney's Office here.
A 34-count indictment, handed up Tuesday, charges the Craig executives with conspiracy, loan fraud, wire fraud, falsifying corporate books and lying to the auditors of a publicly traded company. The defendants are: Richard I. Berger, 57 years old, who was chief executive and chairman; Donna Richardson, 44, who was chief financial officer; and Bonnie Metz, 51, who was vice president and director of international trade.
In 1997, Craig filed for protection from its creditors under the federal Bankruptcy Code.
The indictment says the defendants defrauded a consortium of four banks that had granted a $40 million line of credit to the company. The executives "intentionally distorted Craig's inventory figures by improperly classifying defective goods as new or refurbished" and "misrepresenting that Craig owned certain shipments of goods from its overseas suppliers when, in fact, Craig either did not own the shipments or the shipments did not exist," according to the indictment.


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Traditional Croatian Jewelry
Blog & WebShop – Family Jewelry Craft
Our Story & How We Create
Author: croatianjewelrycraft
Šef
Been Busy In The Workshop
Lately, We have been busy in the workshop working on a new batch of Croatian traditional filigree earrings, so sharing a couple of photos of the finished earrings.
These earrings ( locally known as "košarice" ) are part of the 17th century traditional Croatian jewelry typical for the Split region in Dalmatia.
They were traditionally made from sterling silver and solid 14k gold. Either plain or adorned with small beads of Mediterranean coral or natural freshwater pearl. Today, we also have a gold plated sterling silver variant.
Lot of work on these earrings is still hand-made, especially on the beaded version where each pearl connects with the filigree frame of the earrings with small wire which needs to be threaded by hand.
Manual Processing of Mediterranean Coral
Shown on the above photo are samples of the large and nicely-formed Mediterranean coral branches which were on display in a jewelry gallery.
Harvesting of the Mediterranean coral is officially regulated in order to achieve non-intensive exploitation. Mediterranean coral is usually very small in size, and due to the climate-changes, prone to coral diseases and parasites. For this reason, branches such as these are old, very rare and are not being processed into jewelry making material.
Depending on the size and condition of the coral branches, they are processed either into branch-formed pendants & earrings, or coral beads.
First steps in turning raw coral material into jewelry are always manual: delicate coral branches in their natural state are covered with crust ( branch on the bottom right ) and they first need to be initially cleaned and inspected for structural defects. Next step is to grade and then separate the material for further processing.
This separation and processing creates a lot of waste material which is not suitable for direct implantation into jewelry, but it gets repurposed for other uses, so none of the precious material gets wasted.
Most closer-to-natural jewelry style is achieved by keeping the branches in their naturally-formed shape and turning them into pendants, earrings and necklaces made up of individual coral branches.
On the above photo, the entire process of turning the raw branches into earrings and pendants was done manually with only basic tools but with a a lot of patience and experience.
This is rewarding but meticulous and time-consuming work. Branches are cleaned, cut, formed, and polished several times until they become suitable to be implemented into the final jewelry product. Because of all this, jewelry made from Mediterranean coral is unique and valuable. Coral branches that we have on offer are either fine polished to high-gloss finish or polished to satin finish for closer to natural surface look.
Final Assembly of the coral-branch pendants
Hello, Dino here
I am current owner of the Traditum jewelry craft which I have inherited from my parents.
My father started to design and create jewelry in his teenage and has continued doing this for nearly 50 years along with my mother.
Same as with the jewelry for which We were rewarded with an "Authentically Croatian" certificate, our former "brick-and mortar" jewelry shops were also handmade. They were custom-designed by my father, and hand-built by my family.
Our two shops were located in Dubrovnik old town, and a small istrian town called Grožnjan. Dubrovnik shop was open for 15 years before it was closed two years ago.
Due to its location inside of the old building with preserved stone arches, and custom-designed interior, Dubrovnik shop was one of the most uniquely-designed shops in the old town.
On the two collage photos which I would like to share with you, you can see the initial state of the interior which was no more than bare walls.
However, shopping habits have changed and online-shopping has taken-over the habit of shopping in small physical shops.
So We have decided to build our online-presence and offer our jewelry creations through our WebShop as well as on the online-marketplaces which specializes in handmade items such as Etsy.
Thank you for reading this and with best regards from Croatia
Building of Dubronvik shop
Groznjan Shop/Gallery
Croatian heritage, traditional filigree jewelry
In my first blog, I am going to write a short story about Croatian filigree jewelry.
Meticulously handcrafted by skilled goldsmiths, old-original pieces of this jewelry were inherited from generation to generation, and today they are kept at the museums as a part of Croatian folk heritage.
"Dubrovnik Goldsmiths" – Book written by the Ivo Lentic ( famous Croatian historian ), contains photos of 19th century filigree jewelry exhibited at the Dubrovnik Rector's Palace.
Traditional filigree jewelry was spread across the Dalmatia region.
Made in a couple of different filigree patterns and incorporated into various jewelry items such as the earrings, pendants, necklaces, rings…
Today, this jewelry is made in authentic, traditional styles, as well as by incorporating traditional elements into current, modern jewelry trends.
Two most common forms are filigree ball (Botuni) jewelry and filigree hoop (Konavle) earrings.
In recent time, Konavle earrings gained media exposure from being worn by Queen Rania and Croatian president.
"Botuni" jewelry:
The name botun refers to round or circular buttons, which adorned various male folk costumes. It was declared as the most original Croatian souvenir in 2007 by the Croatian National Tourist Board.
Typical for Dalmatia region, they consist of two half-spheres made in filigree technique, which are connected through the middle. Made in a couple of different filigree patterns, from silver or gold material.
Konavle filigree hoop earrings ( "Verižice" ):
Oblong-shaped earrings with hollow filigree-decorated frame made from silver or gold. Adorned with small beads of either Mediterranean coral or freshwater pearl, suspended from the bottom of the earrings.
As part of the traditional women's Konavle folk costumes, they were made by skilled goldsmith masters.
Traditionally, these earrings were the gift that the young men would present to his fiancée at the wedding:
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Book Review: And Sometimes the Dog was Busy
Thursday 22nd November 2018
Non League Reviews Wealdstone And Sometimes The Dog Was Busy Fergus Moore Brentford City Edgware Town
At 25, Fergus Moore takes a beer bath as a 1996/97 Isthmian League champion with Wealdstone FC.
Photo © Graham Smith
For a book with a narrow focus, "And Sometimes The Dog Was Busy" has a lot to say about finding your way in life. On the other hand, maybe you don't want to listen. If you're just looking for anecdotes about playing non-league football, Fergus Moore offers plenty in a relatable, down-to-earth and humorous fashion. Either way, the book is worth a football fan's time.
Title: And sometimes the dog was busy, Careering around the lower leagues
Author: Fergus Moore, Roge Slater
Publisher: CAMS
Price: £10.99, online at Amazon, Waterstones and Foyles, with signed copies from wfcmegastore.co.uk
From 1989-90 through the current season, Ferg played football at one competitive level or another, although only for an extremely short spell as a professional with Brentford at the beginning. In his words, "twenty-seven seasons and eighteen clubs in twenty-odd spells [a couple of them had me back!]."
Although the book ends with the 2017/18 season, his first as manager, Ferg's story continues, as does his playing career. Never mind that he's 47. He doesn't.
Given his obsession with the game, you find yourself wondering along with the man himself whether he could have reached greater heights in his career. Discipline was never the problem. He has enough commitment, work ethic and tactical awareness for a full XI. Despite his passion and enthusiasm, confidence [or the lack thereof] held him back.
The opening chapter details his failure to fit in with the Brentford senior squad as a teenager and how, when they cut him loose, he lacked the defiance to prove them wrong, nearly giving up on his dreams until friends intervened. Given a second chance, he stands up for himself and doesn't look back.
The elephant on the pitch is that he fails to look forward, as well, taking each moment as it comes, always wondering what the next season holds, but, as a player at least, never planning for it.
At 44, Fergus Moore takes a beer bath as a 2015/16 Spartan South Midland League Division I champion with Edgware Town.
Photo © Paul Holdrick
It's said there are two kinds of writers: those who plan their stories and those who write by the seat of their pants. I'm a pantser and, in football, so is Ferg. There's more than one moment in his story where emotion overrules wisdom, such as a post-match encounter with a referee wherein Ferg counsels himself to just walk on by, doesn't, then pays for it with a three-match ban. I can relate. As can many others, I suspect. The rest of you can treat it as a cautionary tale.
Another caution to some will be how Ferg openly admits treating his family life secondary to football. I used the word obsession previously for a reason. The game is the most important thing in his life even though it doesn't provide a living and interferes with everything else.
We know Ferg is married, how many children he has, their names and ages and little else other than he loves them but is admittedly addicted to football. Among the little else is that he made certain his wedding took place in the offseason. We don't know how he met the woman he loves and we only see her in the light of her amazing patience with his continued absence from their lives.
We never really learn what Ferg does for a living, either. We do know he supports his family, however, and wouldn't dream of abandoning them in a more permanent sense.
These days, the phrase "more important things in life" is thrown about frequently but I'm not judging Fergus Moore. I come from a generation when fathers didn't resign "to spend more time with their families." Whether they were sincere or merely using it as an excuse, people would have thought they were crazy. They did what they had to do, more often than not to provide for their families, but when the passion gripped them, also to realise their dreams.
The key to "And Sometimes The Dog Was Busy" is understanding Fergus Moore is no more in control of the thing he loves than any of us. He does what he has to do to follow his dream wherever it takes him. In his case, that isn't greatness but it's almost enough.
Tonight's Football Fixtures
Martin Palazzotto
The former editor of World Football Columns, Martin contributes frequently to Stretty News and is the author of the short story collection strange bOUnce. He has appeared in several other blogs which, sadly, have ceased to exist. He is old and likes to bring out defunct. Although football is his primary passion, the geezer enjoys many sports and pop culture forms. Expect them to intrude upon his meanderings for It's Round and It's White.
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text:
Selective restriction of access to a place or other resource, allowing only authorized users
Common physical security access control with a finger print.
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A sailor checks an identification card (ID) before allowing a vehicle to enter a military installation.
In the fields of physical security and information security, access control (AC) is the selective restriction of access to a place or other resource,[1] while access management describes the process. The act of accessing may mean consuming, entering, or using. Permission to access a resource is called authorization.
Locks and login credentials are two analogous mechanisms of access control.[2]
1 Physical security
1.1 Electronic access control
1.2 Credential
1.3 Access control system components
1.4 Access control topology
1.5 Types of readers
1.6 Access control system topologies
1.7 Security risks
1.7.1 The need-to-know principle
2 Computer security
2.1 Access control models
3 Telecommunication
3.1 Attribute accessors
4 Public policy
Physical security[edit]
Main article: Physical security
Drop Arm Optical Turnstiles Manufactured by Q-Lane Turnstiles LLc
Underground entrance to the New York City Subway system
Physical security access control with a hand geometry scanner
Example of fob based access control using an ACT reader
Geographical access control may be enforced by personnel (e.g. border guard, bouncer, ticket checker), or with a device such as a turnstile. There may be fences to avoid circumventing this access control. An alternative of access control in the strict sense (physically controlling access itself) is a system of checking authorized presence, see e.g. Ticket controller (transportation). A variant is exit control, e.g. of a shop (checkout) or a country.[3]
The term access control refers to the practice of restricting entrance to a property, a building, or a room to authorized persons. Physical access control can be achieved by a human (a guard, bouncer, or receptionist), through mechanical means such as locks and keys, or through technological means such as access control systems like the mantrap. Within these environments, physical key management may also be employed as a means of further managing and monitoring access to mechanically keyed areas or access to certain small assets.[3]
Physical access control is a matter of who, where, and when. An access control system determines who is allowed to enter or exit, where they are allowed to exit or enter, and when they are allowed to enter or exit. Historically, this was partially accomplished through keys and locks. When a door is locked, only someone with a key can enter through the door, depending on how the lock is configured. Mechanical locks and keys do not allow restriction of the key holder to specific times or dates. Mechanical locks and keys do not provide records of the key used on any specific door, and the keys can be easily copied or transferred to an unauthorized person. When a mechanical key is lost or the key holder is no longer authorized to use the protected area, the locks must be re-keyed.[4]
Electronic access control[edit]
Electronic access control (EAC) uses computers to solve the limitations of mechanical locks and keys. A wide range of credentials can be used to replace mechanical keys. The electronic access control system grants access based on the credential presented. When access is granted, the door is unlocked for a predetermined time and the transaction is recorded. When access is refused, the door remains locked and the attempted access is recorded. The system will also monitor the door and alarm if the door is forced open or held open too long after being unlocked.[3]
When a credential is presented to a reader, the reader sends the credential's information, usually a number, to a control panel, a highly reliable processor. The control panel compares the credential's number to an access control list, grants or denies the presented request, and sends a transaction log to a database. When access is denied based on the access control list, the door remains locked. If there is a match between the credential and the access control list, the control panel operates a relay that in turn unlocks the door. The control panel also ignores a door open signal to prevent an alarm. Often the reader provides feedback, such as a flashing red LED for an access denied and a flashing green LED for an access granted.[5]
The above description illustrates a single factor transaction. Credentials can be passed around, thus subverting the access control list. For example, Alice has access rights to the server room, but Bob does not. Alice either gives Bob her credential, or Bob takes it; he now has access to the server room. To prevent this, two-factor authentication can be used. In a two factor transaction, the presented credential and a second factor are needed for access to be granted; another factor can be a PIN, a second credential, operator intervention, or a biometric input.[5]
There are three types (factors) of authenticating information:[6]
something the user knows, e.g. a password, pass-phrase or PIN
something the user has, such as smart card or a key fob
something the user is, such as fingerprint, verified by biometric measurement
Passwords are a common means of verifying a user's identity before access is given to information systems. In addition, a fourth factor of authentication is now recognized: someone you know, whereby another person who knows you can provide a human element of authentication in situations where systems have been set up to allow for such scenarios. For example, a user may have their password, but have forgotten their smart card. In such a scenario, if the user is known to designated cohorts, the cohorts may provide their smart card and password, in combination with the extant factor of the user in question, and thus provide two factors for the user with the missing credential, giving three factors overall to allow access.[citation needed]
Credential[edit]
A credential is a physical/tangible object, a piece of knowledge, or a facet of a person's physical being that enables an individual access to a given physical facility or computer-based information system. Typically, credentials can be something a person knows (such as a number or PIN), something they have (such as an access badge), something they are (such as a biometric feature), something they do (measurable behavioural patterns), or some combination of these items. This is known as multi-factor authentication. The typical credential is an access card or key-fob, and newer software can also turn users' smartphones into access devices.[7]
There are many card technologies including magnetic stripe, bar code, Wiegand, 125 kHz proximity, 26-bit card-swipe, contact smart cards, and contactless smart cards. Also available are key-fobs, which are more compact than ID cards, and attach to a key ring. Biometric technologies include fingerprint, facial recognition, iris recognition, retinal scan, voice, and hand geometry. The built-in biometric technologies found on newer smartphones can also be used as credentials in conjunction with access software running on mobile devices.[8] In addition to older more traditional card access technologies, newer technologies such as Near field communication (NFC), Bluetooth low energy or Ultra-wideband (UWB) can also communicate user credentials to readers for system or building access.[9][10][11]
Access control system components[edit]
Various control system components
Components of an access control system include:
An access control panel (also known as a controller)
An access-controlled entry, such as a door, turnstile, parking gate, elevator, or other physical barrier
A reader installed near the entry. (In cases where the exit is also controlled, a second reader is used on the opposite side of the entry.)
Locking hardware, such as electric door strikes and electromagnetic locks
A magnetic door switch for monitoring door position
Request-to-exit (RTE) devices for allowing egress. When a RTE button is pushed, or the motion detector detects motion at the door, the door alarm is temporarily ignored while the door is opened. Exiting a door without having to electrically unlock the door is called mechanical free egress. This is an important safety feature. In cases where the lock must be electrically unlocked on exit, the request-to-exit device also unlocks the door.[12]
Access control topology[edit]
Typical access control door wiring
Access control door wiring when using intelligent readers
Access control decisions are made by comparing the credentials to an access control list. This look-up can be done by a host or server, by an access control panel, or by a reader. The development of access control systems has observed a steady push of the look-up out from a central host to the edge of the system, or the reader. The predominant topology circa 2009 is hub and spoke with a control panel as the hub, and the readers as the spokes. The look-up and control functions are by the control panel. The spokes communicate through a serial connection; usually RS-485. Some manufactures are pushing the decision making to the edge by placing a controller at the door. The controllers are IP enabled, and connect to a host and database using standard networks[13]
Types of readers[edit]
Access control readers may be classified by the functions they are able to perform:[14]
Basic (non-intelligent) readers: simply read card number or PIN, and forward it to a control panel. In case of biometric identification, such readers output the ID number of a user. Typically, Wiegand protocol is used for transmitting data to the control panel, but other options such as RS-232, RS-485 and Clock/Data are not uncommon. This is the most popular type of access control readers. Examples of such readers are RF Tiny by RFLOGICS, ProxPoint by HID, and P300 by Farpointe Data.
Semi-intelligent readers: have all inputs and outputs necessary to control door hardware (lock, door contact, exit button), but do not make any access decisions. When a user presents a card or enters a PIN, the reader sends information to the main controller, and waits for its response. If the connection to the main controller is interrupted, such readers stop working, or function in a degraded mode. Usually semi-intelligent readers are connected to a control panel via an RS-485 bus. Examples of such readers are InfoProx Lite IPL200 by CEM Systems, and AP-510 by Apollo.
Intelligent readers: have all inputs and outputs necessary to control door hardware; they also have memory and processing power necessary to make access decisions independently. Like semi-intelligent readers, they are connected to a control panel via an RS-485 bus. The control panel sends configuration updates, and retrieves events from the readers. Examples of such readers could be InfoProx IPO200 by CEM Systems, and AP-500 by Apollo. There is also a new generation of intelligent readers referred to as "IP readers". Systems with IP readers usually do not have traditional control panels, and readers communicate directly to a PC that acts as a host.
Some readers may have additional features such as an LCD and function buttons for data collection purposes (i.e. clock-in/clock-out events for attendance reports), camera/speaker/microphone for intercom, and smart card read/write support.[citation needed]
Access control system topologies[edit]
Access control system using serial controllers
1. Serial controllers. Controllers are connected to a host PC via a serial RS-485 communication line (or via 20mA current loop in some older systems). External RS-232/485 converters or internal RS-485 cards have to be installed, as standard PCs do not have RS-485 communication ports.[citation needed]
Advantages:[citation needed]
RS-485 standard allows long cable runs, up to 4000 feet (1200 m)
Relatively short response time. The maximum number of devices on an RS-485 line is limited to 32, which means that the host can frequently request status updates from each device, and display events almost in real time.
High reliability and security as the communication line is not shared with any other systems.
Disadvantages:[citation needed]
RS-485 does not allow Star-type wiring unless splitters are used
RS-485 is not well suited for transferring large amounts of data (i.e. configuration and users). The highest possible throughput is 115.2 kbit/sec, but in most system it is downgraded to 56.2 kbit/sec, or less, to increase reliability.
RS-485 does not allow the host PC to communicate with several controllers connected to the same port simultaneously. Therefore, in large systems, transfers of configuration, and users to controllers may take a very long time, interfering with normal operations.
Controllers cannot initiate communication in case of an alarm. The host PC acts as a master on the RS-485 communication line, and controllers have to wait until they are polled.
Special serial switches are required, in order to build a redundant host PC setup.
Separate RS-485 lines have to be installed, instead of using an already existing network infrastructure.
Cable that meets RS-485 standards is significantly more expensive than regular Category 5 UTP network cable.
Operation of the system is highly dependent on the host PC. In the case that the host PC fails, events from controllers are not retrieved, and functions that require interaction between controllers (i.e. anti-passback) stop working.
Access control system using serial main and sub-controllers
2. Serial main and sub-controllers. All door hardware is connected to sub-controllers (a.k.a. door controllers or door interfaces). Sub-controllers usually do not make access decisions, and instead forward all requests to the main controllers. Main controllers usually support from 16 to 32 sub-controllers.
Work load on the host PC is significantly reduced, because it only needs to communicate with a few main controllers.
The overall cost of the system is lower, as sub-controllers are usually simple and inexpensive devices.
All other advantages listed in the first paragraph apply.
Operation of the system is highly dependent on main controllers. In case one of the main controllers fails, events from its sub-controllers are not retrieved, and functions that require interaction between sub-controllers (i.e. anti-passback) stop working.
Some models of sub-controllers (usually lower cost) do not have the memory or processing power to make access decisions independently. If the main controller fails, sub-controllers change to degraded mode in which doors are either completely locked or unlocked, and no events are recorded. Such sub-controllers should be avoided, or used only in areas that do not require high security.
Main controllers tend to be expensive, therefore such a topology is not very well suited for systems with multiple remote locations that have only a few doors.
All other RS-485-related disadvantages listed in the first paragraph apply.
Access control system using serial main controller and intelligent readers
3. Serial main controllers & intelligent readers. All door hardware is connected directly to intelligent or semi-intelligent readers. Readers usually do not make access decisions, and forward all requests to the main controller. Only if the connection to the main controller is unavailable, will the readers use their internal database to make access decisions and record events. Semi-intelligent reader that have no database and cannot function without the main controller should be used only in areas that do not require high security. Main controllers usually support from 16 to 64 readers. All advantages and disadvantages are the same as the ones listed in the second paragraph.
Access control systems using serial controllers and terminal servers
4. Serial controllers with terminal servers. In spite of the rapid development and increasing use of computer networks, access control manufacturers remained conservative, and did not rush to introduce network-enabled products. When pressed for solutions with network connectivity, many chose the option requiring less efforts: addition of a terminal server, a device that converts serial data for transmission via LAN or WAN.
Allows utilizing the existing network infrastructure for connecting separate segments of the system.
Provides a convenient solution in cases when the installation of an RS-485 line would be difficult or impossible.
Increases complexity of the system.
Creates additional work for installers: usually terminal servers have to be configured independently, and not through the interface of the access control software.
Serial communication link between the controller and the terminal server acts as a bottleneck: even though the data between the host PC and the terminal server travels at the 10/100/1000Mbit/sec network speed, it must slow down to the serial speed of 112.5 kbit/sec or less. There are also additional delays introduced in the process of conversion between serial and network data.
All the RS-485-related advantages and disadvantages also apply.
Access control system using network-enabled main controllers
5. Network-enabled main controllers. The topology is nearly the same as described in the second and third paragraphs. The same advantages and disadvantages apply, but the on-board network interface offers a couple of valuable improvements. Transmission of configuration and user data to the main controllers is faster, and may be done in parallel. This makes the system more responsive, and does not interrupt normal operations. No special hardware is required in order to achieve redundant host PC setup: in the case that the primary host PC fails, the secondary host PC may start polling network controllers. The disadvantages introduced by terminal servers (listed in the fourth paragraph) are also eliminated.
Access control system using IP controllers
6. IP controllers. Controllers are connected to a host PC via Ethernet LAN or WAN.
An existing network infrastructure is fully utilized, and there is no need to install new communication lines.
There are no limitations regarding the number of controllers (as the 32 per line in cases of RS-485).
Special RS-485 installation, termination, grounding and troubleshooting knowledge is not required.
Communication with the controllers may be done at the full network speed, which is important if transferring a lot of data (databases with thousands of users, possibly including biometric records).
In case of an alarm, controllers may initiate connection to the host PC. This ability is important in large systems, because it serves to reduce network traffic caused by unnecessary polling.
Simplifies installation of systems consisting of multiple sites that are separated by large distances. A basic Internet link is sufficient to establish connections to the remote locations.
Wide selection of standard network equipment is available to provide connectivity in various situations (fiber, wireless, VPN, dual path, PoE)
The system becomes susceptible to network related problems, such as delays in case of heavy traffic and network equipment failures.
Access controllers and workstations may become accessible to hackers if the network of the organization is not well protected. This threat may be eliminated by physically separating the access control network from the network of the organization. Most IP controllers utilize either Linux platform or proprietary operating systems, which makes them more difficult to hack. Industry standard data encryption is also used.
Maximum distance from a hub or a switch to the controller (if using a copper cable) is 100 meters (330 ft).
Operation of the system is dependent on the host PC. In case the host PC fails, events from controllers are not retrieved and functions that require interaction between controllers (i.e. anti-passback) stop working. Some controllers, however, have a peer-to-peer communication option in order to reduce dependency on the host PC.
Access control system using IP readers
7. IP readers. Readers are connected to a host PC via Ethernet LAN or WAN.
Most IP readers are PoE capable. This feature makes it very easy to provide battery backed power to the entire system, including the locks and various types of detectors (if used).
IP readers eliminate the need for controller enclosures.
There is no wasted capacity when using IP readers (e.g. a 4-door controller would have 25% of unused capacity if it was controlling only 3 doors).
IP reader systems scale easily: there is no need to install new main or sub-controllers.
Failure of one IP reader does not affect any other readers in the system.
In order to be used in high-security areas, IP readers require special input/output modules to eliminate the possibility of intrusion by accessing lock and/or exit button wiring. Not all IP reader manufacturers have such modules available.
Being more sophisticated than basic readers, IP readers are also more expensive and sensitive, therefore they should not be installed outdoors in areas with harsh weather conditions, or high probability of vandalism, unless specifically designed for exterior installation. A few manufacturers make such models.
The advantages and disadvantages of IP controllers apply to the IP readers as well.
Security risks[edit]
Access control door wiring when using intelligent readers and IO module
The most common security risk of intrusion through an access control system is by simply following a legitimate user through a door, and this is referred to as tailgating. Often the legitimate user will hold the door for the intruder. This risk can be minimized through security awareness training of the user population or more active means such as turnstiles. In very high-security applications this risk is minimized by using a sally port, sometimes called a security vestibule or mantrap, where operator intervention is required presumably to assure valid identification.[15]
The second most common risk is from levering a door open. This is relatively difficult on properly secured doors with strikes or high holding force magnetic locks. Fully implemented access control systems include forced door monitoring alarms. These vary in effectiveness, usually failing from high false positive alarms, poor database configuration, or lack of active intrusion monitoring. Most newer access control systems incorporate some type of door prop alarm to inform system administrators of a door left open longer than a specified length of time.[citation needed]
The third most common security risk is natural disasters. In order to mitigate risk from natural disasters, the structure of the building, down to the quality of the network and computer equipment vital. From an organizational perspective, the leadership will need to adopt and implement an All Hazards Plan, or Incident Response Plan. The highlights of any incident plan determined by the National Incident Management System must include Pre-incident planning, during incident actions, disaster recovery, and after-action review.[16]
Similar to levering is crashing through cheap partition walls. In shared tenant spaces, the divisional wall is a vulnerability. A vulnerability along the same lines is the breaking of sidelights.[citation needed]
Spoofing locking hardware is fairly simple and more elegant than levering. A strong magnet can operate the solenoid controlling bolts in electric locking hardware. Motor locks, more prevalent in Europe than in the US, are also susceptible to this attack using a doughnut-shaped magnet. It is also possible to manipulate the power to the lock either by removing or adding current, although most Access Control systems incorporate battery back-up systems and the locks are almost always located on the secure side of the door.[citation needed]
Access cards themselves have proven vulnerable to sophisticated attacks. Enterprising hackers have built portable readers that capture the card number from a user's proximity card. The hacker simply walks by the user, reads the card, and then presents the number to a reader securing the door. This is possible because card numbers are sent in the clear, no encryption being used. To counter this, dual authentication methods, such as a card plus a PIN should always be used.
Many access control credentials unique serial numbers are programmed in sequential order during manufacturing. Known as a sequential attack, if an intruder has a credential once used in the system they can simply increment or decrement the serial number until they find a credential that is currently authorized in the system. Ordering credentials with random unique serial numbers is recommended to counter this threat.[17]
Finally, most electric locking hardware still has mechanical keys as a fail-over. Mechanical key locks are vulnerable to bumping.[18]
The need-to-know principle[edit]
Further information: Principle of least privilege
The need to know principle can be enforced with user access controls and authorization procedures and its objective is to ensure that only authorized individuals gain access to information or systems necessary to undertake their duties.[citation needed]
Computer security[edit]
Further information: Computer access control
In computer security, general access control includes authentication, authorization, and audit. A more narrow definition of access control would cover only access approval, whereby the system makes a decision to grant or reject an access request from an already authenticated subject, based on what the subject is authorized to access. Authentication and access control are often combined into a single operation, so that access is approved based on successful authentication, or based on an anonymous access token. Authentication methods and tokens include passwords, biometric analysis, physical keys, electronic keys and devices, hidden paths, social barriers, and monitoring by humans and automated systems.[19]
In any access-control model, the entities that can perform actions on the system are called subjects, and the entities representing resources to which access may need to be controlled are called objects (see also Access Control Matrix). Subjects and objects should both be considered as software entities, rather than as human users: any human users can only have an effect on the system via the software entities that they control.[citation needed]
Although some systems equate subjects with user IDs, so that all processes started by a user by default have the same authority, this level of control is not fine-grained enough to satisfy the principle of least privilege, and arguably is responsible for the prevalence of malware in such systems (see computer insecurity).[citation needed]
In some models, for example the object-capability model, any software entity can potentially act as both subject and object.[citation needed]
As of 2014[update], access-control models tend to fall into one of two classes: those based on capabilities and those based on access control lists (ACLs).
In a capability-based model, holding an unforgeable reference or capability to an object provides access to the object (roughly analogous to how possession of one's house key grants one access to one's house); access is conveyed to another party by transmitting such a capability over a secure channel
In an ACL-based model, a subject's access to an object depends on whether its identity appears on a list associated with the object (roughly analogous to how a bouncer at a private party would check an ID to see if a name appears on the guest list); access is conveyed by editing the list. (Different ACL systems have a variety of different conventions regarding who or what is responsible for editing the list and how it is edited.)[citation needed]
Both capability-based and ACL-based models have mechanisms to allow access rights to be granted to all members of a group of subjects (often the group is itself modeled as a subject).[citation needed]
Access control systems provide the essential services of authorization, identification and authentication (I&A), access approval, and accountability where:[citation needed]
authorization specifies what a subject can do
identification and authentication ensure that only legitimate subjects can log on to a system
access approval grants access during operations, by association of users with the resources that they are allowed to access, based on the authorization policy
accountability identifies what a subject (or all subjects associated with a user) did
Access control models[edit]
Access to accounts can be enforced through many types of controls.[20]
Attribute-based Access Control (ABAC)
An access control paradigm whereby access rights are granted to users through the use of policies which evaluate attributes (user attributes, resource attributes and environment conditions)[21]
Discretionary Access Control (DAC)
In DAC, the data owner determines who can access specific resources. For example, a system administrator may create a hierarchy of files to be accessed based on certain permissions.
Graph-based Access Control (GBAC)
Compared to other approaches like RBAC or ABAC, the main difference is that in GBAC access rights are defined using an organizational query language instead of total enumeration.
History-Based Access Control (HBAC)
Access is granted or declined based on the real-time evaluation of a history of activities of the inquiring party, e.g. behavior, time between requests, content of requests.[22] For example, the access to a certain service or data source can be granted or declined on the personal behavior, e.g. the request interval exceeds one query per second.
History-of-Presence Based Access Control (HPBAC)
Access control to resources is defined in terms of presence policies that need to be satisfied by presence records stored by the requestor. Policies are usually written in terms of frequency, spread and regularity. An example policy would be "The requestor has made k separate visitations, all within last week, and no two consecutive visitations are apart by more than T hours."[23]
Identity-Based Access Control (IBAC)
Using this network administrators can more effectively manage activity and access based on individual needs.[24]
Lattice-Based Access Control (LBAC)
A lattice is used to define the levels of security that an object may have and that a subject may have access to. The subject is only allowed to access an object if the security level of the subject is greater than or equal to that of the object.
Mandatory Access Control (MAC)
In MAC, users do not have much freedom to determine who has access to their files. For example, security clearance of users and classification of data (as confidential, secret or top secret) are used as security labels to define the level of trust.
Organization-Based Access control (OrBAC)
OrBAC model allows the policy designer to define a security policy independently of the implementation[25]
RBAC allows access based on the job title. RBAC largely eliminates discretion when providing access to objects. For example, a human resources specialist should not have permissions to create network accounts; this should be a role reserved for network administrators.
Rule-Based Access Control (RAC)
RAC method, also referred to as Rule-Based Role-Based Access Control (RB-RBAC), is largely context based. Example of this would be allowing students to use labs only during a certain time of day; it is the combination of students' RBAC-based information system access control with the time-based lab access rules.
Responsibility Based Access control
Information is accessed based on the responsibilities assigned to an actor or a business role[26]
Telecommunication[edit]
In telecommunication, the term access control is defined in U.S. Federal Standard 1037C[27] with the following meanings:
A service feature or technique used to permit or deny use of the components of a communication system.
A technique used to define or restrict the rights of individuals or application programs to obtain data from, or place data onto, a storage device.
The definition or restriction of the rights of individuals or application programs to obtain data from, or place data into, a storage device.
The process of limiting access to the resources of an AIS (Automated Information System) to authorized users, programs, processes, or other systems.
That function performed by the resource controller that allocates system resources to satisfy user requests.
This definition depends on several other technical terms from Federal Standard 1037C.
Attribute accessors[edit]
Special public member methods – accessors (aka getters) and mutator methods (often called setters) are used to control changes to class variables in order to prevent unauthorized access and data corruption.
Public policy[edit]
In public policy, access control to restrict access to systems ("authorization") or to track or monitor behavior within systems ("accountability") is an implementation feature of using trusted systems for security or social control.
Alarm device, Alarm management, Security alarm
Card reader, Common Access Card, Magnetic stripe card, Proximity card, Smart card, Optical turnstile, Access badge
Castle, Fortification
Computer security, Logical security, .htaccess, Wiegand effect, XACML, Credential
Door security, Lock picking, Lock (security device), Electronic lock, Safe, Safe-cracking, Bank vault
Fingerprint scanner, Photo identification, Biometrics
Identity management, Identity document, OpenID, IP Controller, IP reader
Key management, Key cards
Physical security information management
Physical Security Professional
Prison, Barbed tape, Mantrap
Security, Security engineering, Security lighting, Security management, Security policy
^ RFC 4949
^ Chavda, Rachana, and Rajanikanth Aluvalu. "Encryption Based Access Control Model In Cloud: A Survey". Journal of Telematics and Informatics 3. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ a b c Eugene Schultz, E. (2007). "Risks due to convergence of physical security systems and information technology environments". Information Security Technical Report. 12 (2): 80–84. doi:10.1016/j.istr.2007.06.001.
^ Niemelä, Harri (2011). "The study of business opportunities and value add of NFC applications in security". theseus.fi. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
^ a b Newman, Robert (2010). Security and access control using biometric technologies. Boston, Mass.: Course Technology. ISBN 978-1-4354-9667-5. OCLC 535966830.
^ Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (2008). "Authentication in an Internet Banking Environment" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 May 2010. Retrieved 31 December 2009.
^ "MicroStrategy's office of the future includes mobile identity and cybersecurity". Washington Post. 14 April 2014. Archived from the original on 16 February 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
^ "iPhone 5S: A Biometrics Turning Point?". BankInfoSecurity.com. 16 September 2013. Archived from the original on 11 September 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
^ "NFC access control: cool and coming, but not close". Security Systems News. 25 September 2013. Archived from the original on 6 April 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
^ "Ditch Those Tacky Key Chains: Easy Access with EC Key". Wireless Design and Development. 11 June 2012. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
^ "Kisi And KeyMe, Two Smart Phone Apps, Might Make House Keys Obsolete". The Huffington Post. 26 November 2013. Archived from the original on 11 March 2015.
^ Rhodes, Brian (2019). "Designing Access Control Guide". ipvm.com. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
^ "Opening new doors with IP access control – Secure Insights". Secure Insights. 16 March 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
^ "The Evolution of Access Control". isonas.com. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
^ Morse, W. D. (1 August 1998). "Physical security of cut-and-cover underground facilities". OSTI 656762. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ "Incident Command System :: NIMS Online :: Serving the National Incident Management System (NIMS) Community". 18 March 2007. Archived from the original on 18 March 2007. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
^ "Smart access control policies for residential & commercial buildings". Archived from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
^ Graham Pulford (17 October 2007). High-Security Mechanical Locks: An Encyclopedic Reference. Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 76–. ISBN 978-0-08-055586-7.
^ Author, Guest (7 February 2020). "User Authentication Methods & Technologies to Prevent Breach". ID R&D. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
^ "Cybersecurity: Access Control". 4 February 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
^ "SP 800-162, Guide to Attribute Based Access Control (ABAC) Definition and Considerations" (PDF). NIST. 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
^ Schapranow, Matthieu-P. (2014). Real-time Security Extensions for EPCglobal Networks. Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-36342-9.
^ Pereira, Henrique G. G.; Fong, Philip W. L. (2019). "SEPD: An Access Control Model for Resource Sharing in an IoT Environment". Computer Security – ESORICS 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing. 11736: 195–216. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29962-0_10. ISBN 978-3-030-29961-3. S2CID 202579712.
^ Sonwane, Abhilash Vijay; Mahadevia, Jimit Hareshkumau; Malek, Sarfaraz Mohammedhanif; Pandya, Sumit; Shah, Nishit Shantibhai; Modhwadiya, Rajesh Hardasbhai (17 March 2015), Identity and policy-based network security and management system and method, USPTO Patent Full-Text and Image Database
^ "OrBAC: Organization Based Access Control – The official OrBAC model website". orbac.org. Archived from the original on 10 June 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2014. CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2007. Retrieved 23 January 2007. CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
U.S. Federal 1037C
U.S. MIL-188
U.S. National Information Systems Security Glossary
Harris, Shon, All-in-one CISSP Exam Guide, 6th Edition, McGraw Hill Osborne, Emeryville, California, 2012.
"Integrated Security Systems Design" – Butterworth/Heinenmann – 2007 – Thomas L. Norman, CPP/PSP/CSC Author
NIST.gov – Computer Security Division – Computer Security Resource Center – ATTRIBUTE BASED ACCESS CONTROL (ABAC) – OVERVIEW
Access Control Markup Language. An OASIS standard language/model for access control. Also XACML.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Access_control&oldid=1060660784"
CS1 errors: missing periodical
CS1 maint: archived copy as title
Use dmy dates from March 2020
Articles lacking in-text citations from February 2012
Wikipedia articles with style issues from June 2014
All articles with style issues
Articles that may be too long from October 2020
Articles with multiple maintenance issues


Planning the layout and seating capacity of a restaurant dining room involves more than just setting some tables and chairs out in a room. For safety reasons, you must comply with occupancy limits set by state or local fire codes. In addition, you want to make your restaurant's patrons comfortable. Overcrowding can make for an unpleasant dining experience and result in lost customers.
Consult your local fire department or other government agency before calculating seating for a restaurant. The number of people you may seat in a dining room will be limited by code requirements. The determination of your maximum stating capacity depends on a number of factors, including the number and size of exits. You must also allow for specific regulations regarding aisle width and the number of square feet allotted per customer.
Measure the dining room. To find the square footage for a rectangular area, multiply the length times the width. If there are adjoining areas or alcoves, measure them and calculate the square footage. Add the results of each measurement together to find the total area in square feet.
Allocate space for wait stations. Typically, a small wait station needs about 6 to 10 square feet, while a larger station may require 20 to 40 square feet. Do the same for other areas where customers will not be seated, such as a decorative fountain or customer waiting area. Subtract the square footage of these areas from the total area of the dining room to find the square footage available for customer seating.
Measure the length of the bar, if there is one. Allow a strip of floor space along the bar 3 1/2 to 4 feet wide and multiply this figure by the length of the bar. Subtract this area from the square footage available for customer seating.
Choose an appropriate amount of space to allocate per customer. For fine dining, you should allow 18 to 20 square feet per customer. Full-service restaurants typically have about one seat per 12 to 15 square feet, while fast-food operations reduce this figure to as little as 11 square feet. Divide the figure you select into the square footage from step 4. If you have available customer seating of 1,200 square feet, not including bar seating, you have 1,200/15 for a full-service restaurant, which works out to 80 seats. If you choose a more compact layout, you can cut the space per customer to 12 square feet for a full-service restaurant. In this case, you end up with a capacity of 100.
Allow 2 feet of bar length per barstool. If the bar is 24 feet long, you can fit 12 barstools in the bar area. Add the number of barstools to the seating from step 5 to calculate seating capacity for the restaurant.
Adkins, William. "How to Calculate the Seating Capacity of a Restaurant." Small Business - Chron.com, http://smallbusiness.chron.com/calculate-seating-capacity-restaurant-39808.html. 30 June 2017.


text:
Margarita Simonyan calls for Russia to ban German media after YouTube blocks 'RT Deutsch'
Source: Margarita Simonyan
RT editor-in-chief Margarita Simonyan said on Tuesday, September 28, that YouTube blocked RT Deutsch (RT DE), the German edition of the Russian state-controlled television network.
In a post on Telegram, Simonyan wrote that YouTube blocked RT Deutsch's channel permanently, without offering an explanation. She also called the incident "a real media war declared by Germany against Russia," though she didn't specify what the German authorities have to do with YouTube's decision.
"I really look forward to the fact that my native state will, without delay, ban Deutsche Welle and other German media outlets in Russia, and close the bureaus of [German broadcasters] ARD and ZDF. I'm keeping quiet about sanctions against YouTube itself. Though we should do this, out of self-respect," Simonyan added.
Trying to access the RT Deutsch YouTube channel brings up an error message that says the account was blocked for violating the platform's community guidelines.
Update: YouTube took down RT Deutsch's channel for violating regulations concerning false information about the coronavirus, Google's press service told Interfax. "RT DE was issued a warning for uploading content that violates our rules on false information about COVID-19. This led to a suspension of their rights to publish videos. During the period of the suspension, the channel's owners tried to bypass the restrictions by using another channel; as a result, both channels were shut down for violating YouTube's terms of use," Google's spokespeople explained.
Another update: Russia's Foreign Ministry says it will encourage "the appropriate agencies" in Russia's federal government to adopt "retaliatory measures" against YouTube and unspecified German media outlets. Moscow also accused YouTube of committing "an act of unprecedented information aggression" and providing "overt and tacit support" to the German state.
On September 27, YouTube banned content that casts doubt on the results of Germany's recent elections through "false claims about widespread fraud." Whether or not RT Deutsch was blocked in connection with this decision remains unclear.
Russia adopted its own "foreign agent" legislation as a "retaliatory measure" after RT was forced to register as a "foreign agent" in the United States.


Queen of the heaven, It is you, radiant moon. Midst those twinkling stars. Don't hide behind clouds, Shower me with your moonlight: Keep me company. Before the dawn comes Between us- lets enjoy this. The moment is ours. - Thank you, Natalia! For introducing me Haiku.


Newcastle have signed back-rower Semisi Taulava from Premiership rivals Worcester for the 2014-15 season.
The 31-year-old joins and as Dean Richards' confirmed signings for next term.
Taulava joined Worcester in 2012 after impressing in the Championship with Rotherham, and has played nine matches for Dean Ryan's outfit in 2013-14.
"I'm excited at the prospect of playing under Dean Richards," said Taulava.
"I like the philosophy of the Falcons and when I spoke to Dean I was impressed with the club's plans for the future.
"There is a good mixture of both youth and experience in the squad, and I hope that my experience can complement those talented youngsters coming through."
Richards added; "Semesi is a quality addition to the back-row, and he gives us considerable power upfront."
Meanwhile Falcons confirmed that head coach Peter Russell will leave the club for personal reasons at the end of the season.


Recorded in Nijmegen, Netherlands, May, 2016.
"Frans de Waard (1965) has been producing music since 1984. First as Kapotte Muziek, but throughout the years, he also worked as Beequeen (with Freek Kinkelaar), Goem (with Roel Meelkop & Peter Duimelinks, both of whom are also a member of Kapotte Muziek these days), Zebra (with Roel Meelkop) and such solo projects as Freiband, Shifts as well as his own name. He has worked for Staalplaat (1992-2003) and since 1986 as a reviewer for his own publication Vital, now only Vital Weekly, an online music magazine, which has been the online source for underground music since 1995, and which celebrated it's 1000th issue in 2015. In February 2007 he played various solo concerts as Goem|FDW in Japan, as part of a package tour with Pan Sonic. Frans de Waard also likes to play sets of improvised music with whoever is available, just as he did with people like Guiseppe Ielasi, Jaap Blonk, Howard Stelzer, Roel Meelkop, Andrew Liles, Radboud Mens and the mayor of his home city Nijmegen. In 2008 film maker Harrie Timmermans made a small documentary about his work with Kapotte Muziek under the title 'What You See Is What You Hear'. He has given workshops and lectures at various places, such as Extrapool, the art academy of Maastricht en 's-Hertogenbosch, the Glinka Conservatorium in Moscow and Lithuania. With Scott Foust he formed the duo The Tobacconists in 2009, with Wouter Jaspers the duo Ezdanitoff in 2010, with Jos Smolders he started playing as WaSm in 2015 and in 2016 a new duo With Sindre Bjerga as Tech Riders. In 2012 he added Modelbau to his long list of names, this time for all things lo-fi and noise based.
In 2016 Timeless in France published his first book, an autobiography of life in Staalplaat called 'This Is Supposed To Be A Record Label'.
Frans de Waard has played concerts in The Netherlands, Belgium, France, UK, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Norway, Lithuania, Canada, Japan, United States, Russia and Italy."
"Takuji Naka is a Japanese experimental musician, concert organizer, and founder of Akuseku label. Based in Kyoto, he uses saxophone, prepared turntables, low-tech electronics, cassette tapes, spring reverb and self-made reed instruments to create abstract music, influenced by musique concrete, noise, and lo-fi pop."
"This album was recorded at Extrapool in 2016, mixed by Takuji Naka, mastered by Jos Smolders and then released via Tim Olive's 845 Audio, which is based in Kobe Japan, so quite a decent amount of ping-ponging back and forth between Japan and The Netherlands before this collaborative effort was realised. According to his website Naka works with prepared turntables, amongst other things, and my guess is that this also the case on this album. Regarding the contributions of both De Waard and Olive; after listening to it I'm not entirely certain who had what part to play in the creation of False Mercury. Still that may just be the beauty of it; how the work of these three just naturally blends together as one, because it really does that.
The album kicks off with a wobbly but rhythmic lofi piano loop followed by a dense drone that consists of some kind of modulated static. Still, nothing too punishing and like a lot of the bits that follow, these are mere snapshots of different atmospheres. At several points undulating streams of noise and electro-acoustic plucking and electric humming create a field of aleatoric randomness, that sounds well balanced, while at the same time remaining unpredictable. The overall sound is very saturated and raw which gives the album a pleasant vintage veneer. Slowly the coercive sound movements steer us through a mechanical landscape of steam-punk machinery, ranging from tiny pocket watches to massive, city-powering generators, each with their own grating voice and repetitive rattling defects.
False Mercury was recorded in May 2016 in Nijmegen, while Takuji Naka and Tim Olive were on tour in Europe. The day after a duo performance at Extrapool, they met with Frans de Waard in a studio in the basement of the venue for several hours of subsurface recording, using modified cassette players, contact microphones, magnetic pickups, hand-made string and wind instruments, spring reverbs, and lo-tech electronics, while in the city above, unheard but perhaps sensed, a stage of the Giro d'Italia (in the Netherlands...) wound its way through the streets and a Queen cover band celebrated in the square. All of this was taken back to Japan, mixed, minimally edited, and is now available on 845 Audio, in a hand-stamped recycled chipboard sleeve. Multiple hours of recording have been lovingly distilled into a single 31-minute dose of subterranean cough syrup-vibe goodness.


text:
module DropboxApi::Metadata
  # NOTE: We should have a test to cover the initialization of this object.
  # Sample:
  # {
  #   ".tag": "deleted",
  #   "name": "file.txt",
  #   "path_lower": "/file.txt",
  #   "path_display": "/file.txt"
  # }
  class Deleted < Base
    field :name, String
    field :path_lower, String
    field :path_display, String
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Hello! I am Lucrezia, a service designer with a passion for solving entrenched social issues. I have always been interested in exploring the way design affects people's daily life and how it can change their behavior and habits toward a better ones.
Over my university time at the Politecnico di Milano School of Design, I have been working as Milano Design Film Festival event coordinator for three Festival editions, so that I then decided to develop a research thesis for my Master of Science in PSSD, experimenting on the event transformation in a participatory festival and on service design application to the event design.
I then started working in different innovation projects in the field of healthcare, education and banking, and what I have understood is the I really love to be in the field and to look for great insights than enable me to design service that people will follow in love with. That is what I aim to as service designer.
I love working in multicultural and open-minded environments while challenging myself in different work fields to experiment how design can make the current and future world better.
Because PACO provides members a space for sharing and participating, values that I believe are basics of designers' work. I do believe in confrontation as value for personal and professional growth. Furthermore PACO represents a source of inspiration and helps me be up to date also out of the work but especially, being a PACOer means being part of a great family that knows how to have fun!
I joined PARTY (Participatory Tools for Human Development with the Youth) as the opportunity to take part of social innovation-related project, that leverages on participatory design by the encounter of different cultures and I am part of the Design School For Children.


text:
'use strict';

const {app, protocol} = require('electron')
const path            = require('path')
const fs              = require('fs')
const twig            = require('twig')
const mime            = require('mime')

const getPath = url => {
  let parsed = require('url').parse(url);
  let result = decodeURIComponent(parsed.pathname);

  // Local files in windows start with slash if no host is given
  // file:///c:/something.pug
  if(process.platform === 'win32' && !parsed.host.trim()) {
    result = result.substr(1);
  }

  return result;
}

app.on('ready', () => {
  protocol.interceptBufferProtocol('file', (request, callback) => {
    let twigOptions = {}
    if (typeof module.exports.view !== 'undefined') {
      twigOptions = module.exports.view
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    let file = getPath(request.url);

    // See if file actually exists
    try {
      let content = fs.readFileSync(file);

      let ext = path.extname(file);
      if (ext === '.twig') {

        if(twigOptions !== undefined && twigOptions.is_async)
        {
            twigOptions.settings = [];
            twigOptions.settings['twig options'] = {};
            twigOptions.settings['twig options'].allow_async = true;
        }

        twig.renderFile(file, twigOptions, (err, html) => {
            return callback({data: new Buffer(html), mimeType:'text/html'});
        });

      }
      else
      {
        return callback({data: content, mimeType: mime.lookup(ext)});
      }
    } catch (e) {
      // All error wrt. Twig are rendered in browser
      if (e.code.startsWith('TWIG:')) {
        return callback({data: new Buffer(`<pre style="tab-size:1">${e}</pre>`), mimeType:'text/html'});
      }

      // See here for error numbers:
      // https://code.google.com/p/chromium/codesearch#chromium/src/net/base/net_error_list.h
      if (e.code === 'ENOENT') {
       // NET_ERROR(FILE_NOT_FOUND, -6)
       return callback(-6);
      }

      // All other possible errors return a generic failure
      // NET_ERROR(FAILED, -2)
      return callback(-2);
    }
  }, (error) => {
    if (error) console.error('Failed to intercept protocol')
  })
})


text:
var assert = require("assert"),
    expect = require("expect.js"),
    initData = require("./init-db-data"),

    app = require("../../lib/bills-storage");

app.init({
    couch: {db: "http://localhost:5984/billy-test"}
});
describe("articoliIva", function () {
    before(function(done){
        initData(done);
    });
    it("is defined", function () {
        expect(app.articoliIva).to.be.an('object');
    });
    describe("all", function () {
        var articoliIva;
        before(function (done) {
            app.articoliIva.all().then(
                function success(result) {
                    articoliIva = result;
                    done();
                }, function fail(err) {
                    throw err;
                }
            );
        });

        it("is defined", function () {
            expect(app.clienti.all).to.be.an('function');
        });

        it("return all articoliIva", function () {
            expect(articoliIva).to.be.an('array');
            expect(articoliIva.length).to.be.equal(1);
            expect(articoliIva[0].description).to.be.equal("Art.10 c.6 DPR 633");
        });

        it("returned articoliIva has id", function () {
            expect(articoliIva[0]._id).to.be.a('string');

        });

        it("returned articoliIva has type", function () {
            expect(articoliIva[0].type).to.be.equal('articoloIva');

        });

        it("returned articoliIva has revision", function () {
            expect(articoliIva[0]._rev).to.be.a('string');

        });
    });

});