See Accompanying Notes to Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Trans World Entertainment Corporation and subsidiaries ("the Company") operates in two reportable segments: fye and etailz. The fye segment operates a chain of retail entertainment stores and e-commerce sites, www.fye.com and www.secondspin.com. As of November 3, 2018, the fye segment operated 227 stores totaling approximately 1.3 million square feet in the United States, the District of Columbia and the U.S. Virgin Islands. fye stores offer predominantly entertainment products. The etailz segment is a leading digital marketplace retailer and generates substantially all of its revenue through Amazon Marketplace. The Company's business is seasonal in nature, for both segments, with the peak selling period being the holiday season which falls in the Company's fourth fiscal quarter.
The Company's primary sources of liquidity are borrowing capacity under its revolving credit facility, available cash and cash equivalents, and cash generated from operations. The Company's cash flows may be impacted by many factors including the economic environment, consumer confidence, competitive conditions in the retail industry and the success of its strategies. For the next 12 months, management believes that the Company's existing liquidity will be adequate to fund its working capital needs. Management believes that the Company's current financial position will provide it the financial flexibility to support its growth initiatives. However, in accordance with the Company's financing strategy, the Company may access the capital markets opportunistically.
Management anticipates any cash requirements due to a shortfall in cash from operations will be funded by the Company's revolving credit facility, as discussed in note 8 in the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
In connection with the preparation of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company has evaluated and concluded there are no conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year following the date that these financial statements are issued.
The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements consist of Trans World Entertainment Corporation, Record Town, Inc. ("Record Town"), Record Town's subsidiaries and etailz, Inc., all of which are wholly-owned. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The information furnished in these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflects all normal, recurring adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for the fair presentation of such financial statements. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to rules and regulations applicable to interim financial statements.
The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes as of and for the year ended February 3, 2018 contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed May 4, 2018. The results of operations for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire fiscal year ending February 2, 2019.
The Company's significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 3, 2018.
There have been no material changes to the accounting policies applied to our consolidated results and footnote disclosures.
In June 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. On February 4, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2014-09 using the modified retrospective approach. The adoption of this ASU impacted the timing of revenue recognition for gift card breakage. Prior to adoption of ASU No. 2014-09, gift card breakage was recognized at the point gift card redemption became remote. In accordance with this ASU, the Company will recognize gift card breakage in proportion to the pattern of rights exercised by the customer. The adoption of this ASU also impacted presentation of our condensed consolidated financial statements related to sales return reserves. The cumulative effect of initially applying ASU No. 2014-09 was a $0.5 million decrease to the opening balance of retained earnings as of February 4, 2018. The comparative prior period information continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect during those periods.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases", which will replace most existing lease accounting guidance in U.S. GAAP. The core principle of this ASU is that an entity should recognize the rights and obligations resulting from leases as assets and liabilities. The new standard requires qualitative and specific quantitative disclosures to supplement the amounts recorded in the financial statements so that users can understand more about the nature of an entity's leasing activities, including significant judgments and changes in judgments. The new standard will be effective for the Company's fiscal year beginning February 3, 2019, and requires the modified retrospective method of adoption. Management is progressing with implementation and continuing to evaluate the effect to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures. Given the nature of the operating leases for the Company's home office, distribution center, and retail stores, the Company expects an increase to the carrying value of its assets and liabilities.
Our goodwill results from our acquisition of etailz and represents the excess purchase price over the net identifiable assets acquired. All of our goodwill is associated with etailz, a separate reporting unit, and there is no goodwill associated with our other reporting unit, fye. Goodwill is not amortized and we are required to evaluate our goodwill for impairment at least annually or whenever indicators of impairment are present. Our annual test is completed during the fourth fiscal quarter, and interim tests are conducted when circumstances indicate the carrying value of the goodwill or other intangible assets may not be recoverable.
Estimating the fair value of reporting units requires the use of estimates and significant judgments that are based on a number of factors including actual operating results. It is possible that these judgments and estimates could change in future periods.
The determination of the fair value of intangible assets and liabilities acquired in a business acquisition is subject to certain estimates and assumptions. Our identifiable intangible assets that resulted from our acquisition of etailz consist of vendor relationships, technology, and trade names and trademarks. We review amortizable intangible asset groups for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable.
As of November 3, 2018, the Company had restricted cash of $4.1 million and $5.9 million reported in current and other assets on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet, respectively. As of October 28, 2017, the Company had restricted cash of $1.5 million and $10.7 million reported in current and other assets on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet, respectively.
In connection with the acquisition of etailz and under the terms of the amended and restated share purchase agreement, the Company designated $3.2 million of the restricted cash to equal the maximum earn-out amount that could be paid to the selling shareholders of etailz in accordance with the share purchase agreement, which is classified as restricted cash in current assets as of November 3, 2018 on the accompanying interim condensed consolidated balance sheet.
In addition, as a result of the death of its former Chairman, the Company holds $7.1 million in a rabbi trust, of which $0.9 million is classified as restricted cash in current assets and $5.9 million is classified as restricted cash in other assets of November 3, 2018 on the accompanying interim condensed consolidated balance sheet.
During the thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018, the Company paid out $1.5 million of the restricted cash to the etailz shareholders per the terms of the original etailz acquisition share purchase agreement.
In January 2017, the Company entered into a $50 million asset based credit facility ("Credit Facility") which amended the previous credit facility. The principal amount of all outstanding loans under the Credit Facility, together with any accrued but unpaid interest, are due and payable in January 2022, unless otherwise paid earlier pursuant to the terms of the Credit Facility. Payments of amounts due under the Credit Facility are secured by the assets of the Company. The Credit Facility contains a provision to increase availability to $75 million during October to December of each year, as needed. The availability under the Credit Facility is subject to limitations based on receivables and inventory levels.
The Credit Facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including restrictions on dividends and share repurchases, incurrence of additional indebtedness and acquisitions and covenants around the net number of store closings and restrictions related to the payment of cash dividends and share repurchases, including limiting the amount of dividends and share repurchases to $5.0 million annually and not allowing borrowings under the amended facility for the six months before or six months after the dividend payment. The Credit Facility also includes customary events of default, including, among other things, material adverse effect, bankruptcy, and certain changes of control. As of November 3, 2018, the Company was compliant with all covenants.
On October 29, 2018, the Company entered into a letter agreement with Wells Fargo in accordance with the Credit Facility in which Wells Fargo provided consent to the Company exceeding the permitted number of store closures and related inventory dispositions.
Interest under the Credit Facility will accrue, at the election of the Company, at a Base Rate or LIBO Rate, plus, in each case, an Applicable Margin, which is determined by reference to the level of availability, with the Applicable Margin for LIBO Rate loans ranging from 1.75% to 2.00% and the Applicable Margin for Prime Rate loans ranging from 0.75% to 1.00%. In addition, a commitment fee of 0.25% is also payable on unused commitments.
As of November 3, 2018, borrowings under the credit facility were $27.4 million compared to $5.0 million as of October 28, 2017. The Company had $22.1 million and $49.0 million available for borrowing as of November 3, 2018 and October 28, 2017, respectively.
As of November 3, 2018, and as of October 28, 2017 the Company did not have any outstanding letters of credit.
The Company records short term borrowings at cost, in which the carrying value approximates fair value due to its short term maturity.
As of November 3, 2018, there was approximately $1.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock option awards comprised of the following: $0.7 million was related to stock option awards listed in the table below and expected to be recognized as expense over a weighted average period of 1.6 years; $0.2 million was related to restricted stock option awards expected to be recognized as expense over a weighted average period of 3.9 years; and $0.6 million was related to restricted shares issued in connection with the acquisition of etailz, as discussed further below, and expected to be recognized as expense over the next three months.
The Company has outstanding awards under three employee stock award plans, the 2005 Long Term Incentive and Share Award Plan, the Amended and Restated 2005 Long Term Incentive and Share Award Plan (the "Old Plans"); and the 2005 Long Term Incentive and Share Award Plan (as amended and restated April 5, 2017 (the "New "Plan"). Collectively, these plans are referred to herein as the Stock Award Plans. Additionally, the Company had a stock award plan for non-employee directors (the "1990 Plan"). The Company no longer issues stock options under the Old Plans or the 1990 Plan.
Equity awards authorized for issuance under the New Plan total 5.0 million. As of November 3, 2018, of the awards authorized for issuance under the Stock Award Plans, 3.0 million were granted and are outstanding, 1.9 million of which were vested and exercisable. Shares available for future grants of options and other share based awards under the New Plan at November 3, 2018 were 4.4 million.
(2) As of February 3, 2018, all stock awards outstanding had a grant price higher than the market price of the stock and had no intrinsic value.
In connection with the acquisition of etailz, the Company issued 1,572,552 restricted shares of Company stock to a key etailz employee, with a grant date fair value of $3.56 per share. These shares vest ratably through January 2019. During the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018, the Company recognized $0.6 million and $1.8 million of compensation cost related to these shares, respectively. As of November 3, 2018, there was approximately $0.6 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to these restricted shares that is expected to be recognized as expense over the next three months.
the amortization of pension costs associated with Company's defined benefit plan for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018 and October 28, 2017.
The Company maintains a non-qualified Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan ("SERP") for a limited number of executive officers of the Company. The SERP provides eligible executives defined pension benefits that supplement benefits under other retirement arrangements. During the thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018, the Company did not make any cash contributions to the SERP and presently expects to pay approximately $1.2 million in benefits relating to the SERP during fiscal 2018.
The measurement date for the SERP is the fiscal year end, using actuarial techniques which reflect estimates for mortality, turnover and expected retirement. In addition, management makes assumptions concerning future salary increases. Discount rates are generally established as of the measurement date using theoretical bond models that select high-grade corporate bonds with maturities or coupons that correlate to the expected payouts of the applicable liabilities.
Basic income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted income (loss) per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock (net of any assumed repurchases) that then shared in the earnings of the Company, if any. It is computed by dividing net income by the sum of the weighted average shares outstanding and additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive potential common shares had been issued for the Company's common stock awards from the Company's Stock Award Plans.
For the thirteen and thirty-nine week periods ended November 3, 2018 and October 28, 2017, the impact of all outstanding stock awards was not considered because the Company reported a net loss and such impact would be anti-dilutive. Accordingly, basic and diluted loss per share is the same. Total anti-dilutive stock awards for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018 were approximately 3.1 million shares and 3.0 million shares, respectively, as compared to 2.6 million shares for both, thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended October 28, 2017.
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent on the generation of future taxable income. Management considers the scheduled reversal of taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based on available objective evidence, management concluded that a full valuation allowance should continue to be recorded against the Company's deferred tax assets. Management will continue to assess the need for and amount of the valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets by giving consideration to all available evidence to the Company's ability to generate future taxable income in its conclusion of the need for a full valuation allowance. Any reversal of the Company's valuation allowance will favorably impact its results of operations in the period of reversal. The Company is currently unable to determine whether or when that reversal might occur, but it will continue to assess the realizability of its deferred tax assets and will adjust the valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will become realizable in the future. The Company has significant net operating loss carry forwards and other tax attributes that are available to offset projected taxable income and current taxes payable, if any, for the year ending February 2, 2019. The deferred tax impact resulting from the utilization of the net operating loss carry forwards and other tax attributes will be offset by a reduction in the valuation allowance. As of February 3, 2018, the Company had a net operating loss carry forward of $208.3 million for federal income tax purposes and approximately $273.4 million for state income tax purposes that expire at various times through 2037 and are subject to certain limitations and statutory expiration periods. The Company has also recorded $0.1 million of deferred tax liability relating to the etailz segment that relates to state income tax returns that do not allow consolidated filing. The Company has not changed its overall conclusion with respect to the need for a valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets, which remain fully reserved.
On November 14, 2018, three consumers filed a putative class action complaint against Trans World Entertainment Corporation and Synapse Group, Inc. in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts Boston Division (Case No.1:18-cv-12377-DPW) concerning enrollment in the Company's Backstage Pass VIP loyalty program and associated magazine subscriptions. The complaint alleges, among other things, that the Company's "negative option marketing" misled consumers into enrolling for membership and subscriptions without obtaining the consumers' consent. The complaint seeks statutory and actual damages. The Company is reviewing the claims.
Two former Store Managers filed actions alleging claims of entitlement to unpaid compensation for overtime. In one action, the plaintiff seeks to represent a class of allegedly similarly situated employees who performed the same position (Store Manager and Senior Assistant Manager) while the other plaintiff seeks to represent a class of allegedly similarly situated employees who performed the same position (Store Manager).
Specifically, Carol Spack filed a complaint against Trans World Entertainment Corporation (Trans World) in the United States District Court, District of New Jersey, on April 20, 2017 (Case No.: 3:17-cv-02687-BRM-LHG) alleging that she is entitled to unpaid compensation for overtime under the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). She brings a nationwide collective action under the FLSA on behalf of all Store Managers and Senior Assistant Managers. She also brings class action claims under New Jersey and Pennsylvania law on behalf of all persons who worked as Store Managers in New Jersey or Senior Assistant Managers in Pennsylvania.
On May 19, 2017, Natasha Roper filed a complaint against Trans World in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of New York (Case No.: 1:17-cv-0553-TJM-CFH) in which she also alleges that she is entitled to unpaid compensation for overtime under the FLSA Ms. Roper brings a nationwide collective action under the FLSA on behalf of all similarly situated Store Managers.
Legal matters are defended and handled in the ordinary course of business. The Company has not established an accrual for the matters noted above as a loss is not considered to be probable and reasonably estimable. It is the opinion of management that facts known at the present time do not indicate that such litigation will have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations provides information that the Company's management believes necessary to achieve an understanding of its financial statements and results of operations. To the extent that such analysis contains statements which are not of a historical nature, such statements are forward-looking statements, which involve risks and uncertainties. These risks include, but are not limited to, changes in the competitive environment, availability of new products, change in vendor policies or relationships, general economic factors in markets where the Company's merchandise is sold; and other factors discussed in the Company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The following discussion and analysis of the Company's financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the interim condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 3, 2018.
The Company operates in two reportable segments: fye and etailz. The fye segment operates a chain of retail entertainment stores and e-commerce sites, www.fye.com and www.secondspin.com. As of November 3, 2018, the fye segment operated 227 stores totaling approximately 1.3 million square feet in the United States, the District of Columbia and the U.S. Virgin Islands. fye stores offer predominantly entertainment products. The etailz segment is a leading digital marketplace retailer and generates substantially all of its revenue through Amazon Marketplace. The Company's business is seasonal in nature, for both segments, with the peak selling period being the holiday season which falls in the Company's fourth fiscal quarter.
Net sales and comparable store net sales: The fye segment measures the rate of comparable store net sales change. A store is included in comparable store net sales calculations at the beginning of its thirteenth full month of operation. Stores relocated, expanded or downsized are excluded from comparable store sales if the change in square footage is greater than 20% until the thirteenth full month following relocation, expansion or downsizing. Closed stores that were open for at least thirteen months are included in comparable store sales through the month immediately preceding the month of closing. The fye segment further analyzes net sales by store format and by product category. The etailz segment measures total year over year sales growth by product category and evaluates product sales by supplier.
Cost of Sales and Gross Profit: Gross profit is calculated based on the cost of product in relation to its retail selling value. Changes in gross profit are impacted primarily by net sales levels, mix of products sold, vendor discounts and allowances, shrinkage, obsolescence and distribution costs. Distribution expenses include those costs associated with receiving, inspecting & warehousing merchandise, Amazon fulfillment fees, and costs associated with product returns to vendors.
Selling, General and Administrative ("SG&A") Expenses: Included in SG&A expenses are payroll and related costs, occupancy charges, general operating and overhead expenses and depreciation charges (excluding those related to distribution operations, see Note 5 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q). SG&A expenses also include fixed assets write-offs associated with store closures, if any, and miscellaneous income and expense items, other than interest.
Balance Sheet and Ratios: The Company views cash and working capital (current assets less current liabilities) as relevant indicators of its financial position. See Liquidity and Capital Resources for further discussion of these items.
(1) In addition to the results of operations determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("U.S. GAAP"), we reported non-GAAP adjusted operating (loss) income for the etailz segment as shown above.
Total revenue decreased 1.1% and 2.2% for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018 as compared to the same period last year.
(1) Includes Video Games category, which represented 0.1% of fye fiscal third quarter net sales. Fiscal 2017 data was adjusted to include this immaterial reclassification.
Net sales. Net sales decreased 8.3% and 13.5% during the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018, respectively, as compared to the same periods last year. The decline in net sales primarily resulted from a 15.3% decline in total stores in operation for the thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018.
Comparable store net sales in the trend/lifestyle category increased 13.3% and 4.3% during the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018, respectively. Trend/lifestyle products represented 41.9% and 40.1% of total net sales for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018, respectively, compared to 38.0% and 35.4% in the comparable periods last year. The Company continues to take advantage of opportunities to strengthen its selection and shift product mix to growing categories of entertainment-related merchandise.
Comparable store sales in the video category decreased 4.0% and 10.1% during the thirteen and thirty-nine week periods ended November 3, 2018, respectively. The video category represented 29.6% and 30.2% of total net sales for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018, respectively, compared to 32.7% and 33.4% in the comparable periods last year due to continued industry-wide decline in physical media sales.
During the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018, music sales in comparable stores decreased 0.3% and 12.8%, respectively. The music category represented 17.9% and 18.4% of total net sales for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018, respectively, compared to 18.9% and 20.4% for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended October 28, 2017 due to continued industry-wide decline in physical media sales.
Comparable store net sales in the electronics category increased 3.0% and 2.5% during the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018, respectively. Electronics net sales represented 10.6% and 11.3% of total net sales for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018, respectively, compared to 10.4% and 10.8% in the comparable periods last year. The Company continues to take advantage of opportunities to strengthen its selection and shift product mix to growing categories of electronics.
Other Revenue. Other revenue, which was primarily related to commissions and fees earned from third parties, was approximately $1.1 million and $3.6 million for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018, respectively, compared to $1.1 million and $4.0 million in the comparable periods last year. The decline in other revenue for the thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018 was due to lower number of stores in operation.
etailz reported net sales of $44.1 million and $138.3 million for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018, respectively, compared to $40.9 million and $121.4 million net sales for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended October 28, 2017. etailz generates revenue across a broad array of product lines primarily through the Amazon Marketplace. Categories include: apparel, baby, beauty, electronics, health & personal care, home/kitchen/grocery, pets, sporting goods, toys & art. During the thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018, etailz sold approximately 38,000 SKUs from approximately 2,100 suppliers, compared to approximately 33,000 SKUs from approximately 1,700 suppliers during the thirty-nine weeks ended October 28, 2017.
Gross profit decreased 13.3% to $27.4 million for the thirteen weeks ended November 3, 2018 compared to $31.6 million for the thirteen weeks ended October 28, 2017. For the thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018, gross profit decreased 11.5% to $91.2 million compared to $103.1 million for the comparable period last year.
fye gross profit as a percentage of total revenue for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018 was 38.2% and 40.1%, respectively, compared to 41.0% and 41.7% for the comparable periods last year. The decline in rate was primarily driven by a higher number of closing stores during the quarter this year.
etailz gross profit as a percentage of total revenue for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018 was 20.6% and 21.7%, respectively, compared to 25.0% and 24.5% for the comparable periods last year. The decline in the gross profit rate was primarily due to higher marketplace fulfillment and warehousing fees.
SG&A expenses increased $1.4 million and $0.8 million for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018, respectively.
fye SG&A, excluding depreciation and amortization expenses, decreased $0.2 million, or 0.6%, and $4.9 million, or 5.8%, for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018, respectively. As a percentage of fye revenue, SG&A expenses in the fye segment for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018 were 55.6% and 52.0%, respectively, compared to 51.4% and 47.8% for the same period last year. The decline in SG&A expenses was due to fewer stores in operation. The increase in the rate for the thirteen weeks ended November 3, 2018 was primarily due to increased home office expenses to support strategic growth initiatives. The increase in the rate for the thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018 was primarily due to the comparable sales decline and increased home office expenses to support strategic growth initiatives.
etailz SG&A, excluding depreciation and amortization expenses, increased $2.7 million and $8.9 million for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018, respectively. As a percentage of etailz revenue, SG&A expenses in the etailz segment for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018 were 27.7% and 26.4%, respectively, compared to 23.2% and 22.8% for the same period last year. The increase in SG&A expenses was due to investments in product identification and sourcing, technology, and platform diversification, in addition to higher marketplace commissions on higher sales.
Depreciation and amortization. Consolidated depreciation and amortization expense decreased $1.1 million and $3.2 million for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018, respectively, primarily due to the $29.1 million net decrease in carrying value of fixed assets, resulting from impairment charges recorded for the fye segment, during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017. For a discussion of the Company's impairment charges, see "Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended February 3, 2018.
Interest Expense. Interest expense was $277 thousand and $444 thousand during the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018, respectively. Interest expense consisted primarily of interest paid on Company's borrowings and unused commitment fees and the amortization of fees related to the Company's credit facility. Interest expense during the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended October 28, 2017 was $83 thousand and $200 thousand, respectively. The increase in interest expense was due to borrowings under the credit facility as discussed in Note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Gain on Insurance Proceeds. During the thirty-nine weeks ended October 28, 2017, the fye segment recorded an $8.7 million gain on insurance proceeds related to the death of the Company's former Chairman.
Other Income. Other income was $43 thousand and $171 thousand during the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018, respectively, compared to $32 thousand and $91 thousand for the same periods last year.
Income Tax Expense. Based on available objective evidence, management concluded that a full valuation allowance should be recorded against the Company's deferred tax assets. There were insignificant tax expense (benefit) amounts recorded during the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018 and comparative periods last year due to the losses recognized each period.
Further, in response to the general decline in operating results, management, in consultation with and approval of the Board of Directors, intends to implement certain strategic initiatives, operational efficiencies and other considerations directed towards improving the Company's performance, operations and cash flow.
In connection with the preparation of the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company has evaluated and concluded there are no conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year following the date that the financial statements are issued.
Cash used in operations was $53.3 million for the thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018, primarily due to a net loss of $31.7 million, adding back depreciation and amortization of $6.8 million and non-cash compensation of $2.4 million, less $1.2 million increase in accounts receivable, $21.9 million seasonal increase in inventory, $2.3 million increase in prepaid expenses, and reductions in deferred revenue and other long-term liabilities of $2.0 million and $3.3 million, respectively. The Company's merchandise inventory and accounts payable are influenced by the seasonality of its business. A significant reduction of accounts payable occurs annually in the fiscal first quarter, reflecting payments for merchandise inventory purchased during the prior year's holiday season.
Cash used in investing activities was $1.5 million for the thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018, which consisted of $2.9 million in capital expenditures, offset by $1.3 million of capital distributions from the joint venture.
Cash provided by financing activities for the thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018, was comprised of $27.4 million proceeds from short-term borrowings, offset by a $1.5 million payment to the etailz shareholders as per the original etailz acquisition share purchase agreement.
Capital Expenditures. During the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended November 3, 2018, respectively, the Company made capital expenditures of $1.1 million and $2.9 million, respectively. The Company currently plans to spend approximately $4.0 million for capital expenditures during fiscal 2018.
historical experience and other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the Form 10-K for the year ended February 3, 2018 includes a summary of the critical accounting policies and methods used by the Company in the preparation of its interim condensed consolidated financial statements. There have been no material changes or modifications to the policies since February 3, 2018.
The information set forth under Note 2, Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements section, and Note 3, Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements, contained in Item 1, "Notes to Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements", is incorporated herein by reference.
This Form 10-Q contains certain non-GAAP metrics, including: etailz adjusted income (loss) from operations and SG&A, excluding depreciation and amortization expenses, for each reporting segment. A non-GAAP measure is not a recognized measure of financial performance under GAAP in the United States, and should not be considered as a substitute for SG&A expenses, operating earnings, net earnings from continuing operations or cash flows from operating activities, as determined in accordance with GAAP. Non-GAAP items are provided because management believes that, when reconciled from the GAAP items to which they relate, they provide additional useful information to investors regarding the Company's operational performance.
The Company calculates etailz adjusted income (loss) from operations to evaluate its own operating performance and as an integral part of its planning process. The Company presents etailz adjusted income (loss) from operations as a supplemental measure because it believes such a measure provides management and investors with a more complete understanding of its business operating results, including underlying trends, by excluding the effects of certain charges.
The Company calculates SG&A, excluding depreciation and amortization expenses, for each reporting segment to evaluate its own operating performance and as an integral part of its planning process. The Company presents SG&A, excluding depreciation and amortization expenses, as a supplemental measure because it believes such a measure provides management and investors with a more complete understanding of its business operating results, including underlying trends, by excluding the effects of certain charges.
The Company does not hold any financial instruments that expose it to significant market risk and does not engage in hedging activities. To the extent the Company borrows under its revolving credit facility, the Company is subject to risk resulting from interest rate fluctuations since interest on the Company's borrowings under its credit facility can be variable. If interest rates on the Company's revolving credit facility were to increase by 25 basis points, and to the extent borrowings were outstanding, for every $1,000,000 outstanding on the facility, income before income taxes would be reduced by $2,500 per year. For a discussion of the Company's accounting policies for financial instruments and further disclosures relating to financial instruments, see "Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended February 3, 2018.
(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. The Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of November 3, 2018, have concluded that as of such date, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective and designed to ensure that (i) information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act") is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms and (ii) information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Risks relating to the Company's business and Common Stock are described in detail in Item 1A of the Company's most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended February 3, 2018.
10.1 Letter Agreement between Trans World Entertainment Corporation and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association dated as of October 29, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 1, 2018).


Eilat is known for nature, zoos & aquariums, adventure, shopping, and beaches. Your plan includes some of its best attractions: admire nature's wide array of creatures at Underwater Observatory Marine Park, explore the gorgeous colors at Dolphin Reef, see some colorful creatures with a scuba or snorkeling tour, and explore the wealth of natural beauty at Timna Park.
For traveler tips, where to stay, maps, and tourist information, go to the Eilat online vacation builder .
Tel Aviv to Eilat is an approximately 1-hour flight. You can also drive; or do a combination of train and bus. Traveling from Tel Aviv in October, you will find days in Eilat are somewhat warmer (39°C), and nights are about the same (25°C). Wrap up your sightseeing on the 18th (Thu) to allow time to travel to Tiberias.
On the shores of Lake Kinneret, a vacation in Tiberias offers plenty of water sports and biblical walks.
Kick off your visit on the 19th (Fri): make a trip to Magdala, pause for some serene contemplation at Church of Mount of Beatitudes, contemplate the long history of Mount of Beatitudes, then take in the dramatic natural features at Tabgha, then explore the activities along Sea of Galilee, and finally contemplate the long history of Tiberias.
For maps, traveler tips, ratings, and other tourist information, read Tiberias road trip planner.
You can do a combination of flight and bus from Eilat to Tiberias in 4 hours. Alternatively, you can do a combination of flight, train, and bus; or take a bus. Traveling from Eilat in October, you will find days in Tiberias are slightly colder (32°C), and nights are about the same (23°C). Finish your sightseeing early on the 19th (Fri) so you can take a bus to Jerusalem.
Step out of Jerusalem to go to Masada and see Masada National Park, which is approximately 1h 05 min away. On the 23rd (Tue), spend a fun day on foot with Walking tours. There's lots more to do: take an in-depth tour of Yad Vashem - The World Holocaust Remembrance Center, contemplate the long history of The Garden Tomb, delve into the distant past at Western Wall, and wander the streets of Old City of Jerusalem.
For maps, traveler tips, photos, and more tourist information, refer to the Jerusalem itinerary planner .
Traveling by bus from Tiberias to Jerusalem takes 2.5 hours. In October in Jerusalem, expect temperatures between 34°C during the day and 21°C at night. Finish your sightseeing early on the 23rd (Tue) so you can take a bus back home.


2015. Oil on canvas. 50x150cm. 40th Birthday present from husband to wife. The only instruction was to portray the family, the rest was left up to me. A Greek Island was mentioned, and that they both like the hidden depths of Loz's cove (below). The dimensions were specifed.
I chose these particular paintings because each one gave me a certain sense of achievement on completion, or they showed encouraging signs of improvement.
Mixed media on perspex. 200x140cm Shower room mural. Designed to fill one wall of a wet room, painted on perspex and framed in toughened glass.
The commission was to paint a cove, and create an open, peaceful environment but one in which you could loose yourself the further you look!
I needed to achieve a good likeness of the couple for this commission, and to make it somehow personal to them. I had the aid of some photos.
2008. Oil on canvas. 40x120cm. The dimensions were specifed. The theme was flowers, and a rough idea of the colour scheme was given.
Oil on canvas 40x30cm. In the style requested. To celebrate the arrival of Keturah.
Oil on canvas 70x40cm. A daughter's present to her father, representing their wonderful relationship.


Dan Visone has served as the Director of the Geospatial Acquisition Support Directorate (GASD) since February 2009. His directorate is responsible for providing geospatial engineering and domain support to the Army Acquisition Community for implementation of the Army Geospatial Enterprise (AGE). The GASD is directly responsible for developing and maintaining the AGE profile of geospatial standards and formats; creating and maintaining the Army Geospatial Data Model; developing and maintaining a DOD Architecture Framework-compliant AGE architecture; developing and maintaining a list of AGE-compliant Common Applications/Services; and establishing and maintaining AGE geospatial interoperability certification criteria.


One of the largest and most complex jobs sold under ODOT's new Design-Build Program, Project 3012-00 involved the third-lane widening of Interstate 275 through portions of Hamilton and Clermont Counties.
As a subcontractor to the John R. Jurgensen Company, the C. J. Mahan Construction Company was responsible for the design and construction for the proposed rehabilitation of three main-line bridges and seven overpass structures within the Project Limits. By far, the most challenging bridge on the job was the twin mainline structure carrying I-275 over the Little Miami River, which was to receive an entirely new superstructure, but retain the existing piers.
The new superstructure was designed using precast modified AASHTO Type IV girders, spanning up to 140′-0" and weighing as much as 69 tons each. This project was recognized with the 2002 Ohio Contractor's Association "Move Ohio" Award.


They did not have my favorite candy and most candy shops do not carry it either. However the owner took down the name of the candy and it was on the shelf within the next week.
Posted by Dante on May 06, 2012.
Since 2009, Gji's Sweet Shop has been providing Miscellaneous Retail Stores, Nec from Ann Arbor.


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United Conveyor Corporation Acquires North American Bottom Ash Material Handling Offerings from GE Steam Power
Waukegan, IL – May 3, 2021 – United Conveyor Corporation (UCC) announced today that the company has acquired GE Steam Power's bottom ash business in North America. The deal reached April 21 includes intellectual property, know-how, and inventory transfer. This agreement combines the strengths of UCC and GE Steam Power's bottom ash capabilities and will fully enable UCC to continue to serve their combined Customer base.
UCC continues to execute its strategic focus through developing and investing in superior environmental solutions and material handling for the Utility and Industrial Coal-fired electric power generation market. With this agreement, UCC will integrate GE's bottom ash technology into the UCC product portfolio and continue to provide the highest levels of technical support and service in the marketplace.
"United Conveyor Corporation has provided engineered solutions to coal-fired power plants for over 100 years. In our ongoing commitment to our core market, we consider it our responsibility to help ensure utilities can continue to operate their coal units in a reliable and cost-effective manner. We are honored to be partners with the Utility industry by supporting environmentally responsible and dependable electric power generation," says Kevin McDonough, Vice President, Sales and Marketing. "Acquiring these bottom ash handling assets in North America supports this initiative and represents an excellent opportunity to offer an expanded product portfolio that will provide extended benefits to both of our customers."
UCC's acquisition of this bottom ash technology is applicable to any North American power generation project requiring material handling systems, products or services. GE Steam Power will continue to provide services to its coal power customers in North America outside of the bottom ash market and will continue to service the bottom ash market outside of North America.
#coal #coal ash #GE Steam Power #United Conveyor Corp.
Charah Solutions Awarded 5-Year Fly Ash Sales and Marketing Contract for Beneficial Use of Production Fly Ash at Gavin Power Plant in Ohio
Fly Ash Will be Recycled and Sold for Beneficial Use in the Ready-Mix Concrete Market LOUISVILLE, KY (September…
Charah Solutions Awarded 5-Year Fly Ash, Bottom Ash and Boiler Slag Sales and Marketing Contract From Associated Electric Cooperative to Run Through 2026
Approximately 150,000 Tons of Byproducts Per Year Will be Recycled and Sold for Beneficial Use into the Ready-Mix…
Xylem's Flygt Concertor Saves $20,000 Per Year in Maintenance Costs at Coal Fired Power Plant
A WORLD-FIRST COAL FIRED POWER PLANT APPLICATION FOR FLYGT CONCERTOR Challenge Operators of one of the largest coal-fired…
Hallador Energy, Hoosier Energy Have Deal to Transfer Ownership of Coal-Fired Merom Station
TERRE HAUTE & BLOOMINGTON, Ind., Feb. 15, 2022 — Hallador Energy Company (NASDAQ – HNRG), through its new…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Python provides another composite data type called a dictionary, which is similar to a list in that it is a collection of objects.
Here's what you'll learn in this tutorial: You'll cover the basic characteristics of Python dictionaries and learn how to access and manage dictionary data. Once you have finished this tutorial, you should have a good sense of when a dictionary is the appropriate data type to use, and how to do so.
Both are dynamic. They can grow and shrink as needed.
Both can be nested. A list can contain another list. A dictionary can contain another dictionary. A dictionary can also contain a list, and vice versa.
List elements are accessed by their position in the list, via indexing.
Dictionary elements are accessed via keys.
Dictionaries are Python's implementation of a data structure that is more generally known as an associative array. A dictionary consists of a collection of key-value pairs. Each key-value pair maps the key to its associated value.
Of course, dictionary elements must be accessible somehow. If you don't get them by index, then how do you get them?
Begone, Seahawks! Thou art an NFL team.
In fact, it's the same error. In the latter case,  looks like a numerical index, but it isn't.
Note: Although access to items in a dictionary does not depend on order, Python does guarantee that the order of items in a dictionary is preserved. When displayed, items will appear in the order they were defined, and iteration through the keys will occur in that order as well. Items added to a dictionary are added at the end. If items are deleted, the order of the remaining items is retained.
You can only count on this preservation of order very recently. It was added as a part of the Python language specification in version 3.7. However, it was true as of version 3.6 as well—by happenstance as a result of the implementation but not guaranteed by the language specification.
Defining a dictionary using curly braces and a list of key-value pairs, as shown above, is fine if you know all the keys and values in advance. But what if you want to build a dictionary on the fly?
This example exhibits another feature of dictionaries: the values contained in the dictionary don't need to be the same type. In person, some of the values are strings, one is an integer, one is a list, and one is another dictionary.
Here, one of the keys is an integer, one is a float, and one is a Boolean. It's not obvious how this would be useful, but you never know.
Notice how versatile Python dictionaries are. In MLB_team, the same piece of information (the baseball team name) is kept for each of several different geographical locations. person, on the other hand, stores varying types of data for a single person.
You can use dictionaries for a wide range of purposes because there are so few limitations on the keys and values that are allowed. But there are some. Read on!
Begone, Timberwolves! Thou art an NBA team. Sort of.
Secondly, a dictionary key must be of a type that is immutable. You have already seen examples where several of the immutable types you are familiar with—integer, float, string, and Boolean—have served as dictionary keys.
Technical Note: Why does the error message say "unhashable"?
Technically, it is not quite correct to say an object must be immutable to be used as a dictionary key. More precisely, an object must be hashable, which means it can be passed to a hash function. A hash function takes data of arbitrary size and maps it to a relatively simpler fixed-size value called a hash value (or simply hash), which is used for table lookup and comparison.
All of the built-in immutable types you have learned about so far are hashable, and the mutable container types (lists and dictionaries) are not. So for present purposes, you can think of hashable and immutable as more or less synonymous.
In future tutorials, you will encounter mutable objects which are also hashable.
By contrast, there are no restrictions on dictionary values. Literally none at all. A dictionary value can be any type of object Python supports, including mutable types like lists and dictionaries, and user-defined objects, which you will learn about in upcoming tutorials.
You have already become familiar with many of the operators and built-in functions that can be used with strings, lists, and tuples. Some of these work with dictionaries as well.
In the second case, due to short-circuit evaluation, the expression MLB_team['Toronto'] is not evaluated, so the KeyError exception does not occur.
Returns the value for a key if it exists in the dictionary.
The .get() method provides a convenient way of getting the value of a key from a dictionary without checking ahead of time whether the key exists, and without raising an error.
Returns a list of key-value pairs in a dictionary.
Returns a list of keys in a dictionary.
Returns a list of values in a dictionary.
Technical Note: The .items(), .keys(), and .values() methods actually return something called a view object. A dictionary view object is more or less like a window on the keys and values. For practical purposes, you can think of these methods as returning lists of the dictionary's keys and values.
Removes a key from a dictionary, if it is present, and returns its value.
Removes a key-value pair from a dictionary.
Merges a dictionary with another dictionary or with an iterable of key-value pairs.
If the key is not present in d, the key-value pair from <obj> is added to d.
If the key is already present in d, the corresponding value in d for that key is updated to the value from <obj>.
In this example, key 'b' already exists in d1, so its value is updated to 200, the value for that key from d2. However, there is no key 'd' in d1, so that key-value pair is added from d2.
In this tutorial, you covered the basic properties of the Python dictionary and learned how to access and manipulate dictionary data.
Because of this difference, lists and dictionaries tend to be appropriate for different circumstances. You should now have a good feel for which, if either, would be best for a given situation.
Next you will learn about Python sets. The set is another composite data type, but it is quite different from either a list or dictionary.


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SkyScrappers Review
By Kingstone
Arcade brawler SkyScrappers is reviewed by Kingstone on the Nintendo Switch.
SkyScrappers by Groundshatter (available now on Nintendo Switch, Steam and PS4) is an interesting hybrid of a game. Think something like Ice Climbers combined with DoubleDutch's Speedrunners with a bit of Smash Bros thrown in. It's an arcade style game with two primary means of winning, reach the top first, or beat your opponents into submission!
You all start at the bottom of the structure and then depending on the height you set, begin racing to the top while fighting and avoiding obstacles falling down. Each player has a health bar and a special meter which is filled through fighting and can be used to unleash a special attack unique to your character, When your health bar depletes, you are out of the match. Falling also depletes a fraction of your health bar and catapults you upwards, so as long as you have the health resource, falling isn't an automatic loss.
This gives players an ability to focus on a key aspect of gameplay – do you just gun it for the summit and ignore the other players, or do you hang low and duke it out to win the brawl? When the player number falls to two it can turn into a classic game of tag, where the player in the lead would try to outrun the other while also avoiding falling debris, and the one lagging behind would try to catch up and get a strike in.
SkyScrappers game mechanics feature a double jump which helps tremendously if you don't quite hit the mark with your initial jump, and a system where the steeper the platform you are jumping from, the higher the jump you are rewarded with, so it pays to be attentive rather than just trying to hop between short platforms.
SkyScrappers artwork is crisp and simplistic, no overly complicated designs of the characters and very reminiscent of old arcade style beat-em-ups but with a drawn feel over pixel graphics. It's a fast paced game so no real need for anything over the top and fancy.
This game is easy to pick up but hard to master. When I cranked the AI difficulty to max I found myself quickly overwhelmed by the timing and skill of the CPU opponents. And while the climbing and jumping aspect of the game is fun, you seldom make it close to the top, especially in 4 player mode, due to the attacks taking such a large chunk of health off each hit.
The actual combat is also a little lackluster, just one attack button per character and no combos to speak of, just the same hit over and over. You can do a ground pound if you time and attack while landing on a platform and hitting down and you can also hit the debris at your opponent with a well timed attack.
The Nintendo Switch version includes an exclusive mode called 'vertical mode' in which the game switches form a landscape orientation to a portrait one. This allows you to see the game in a zoomed out state and see easily what is above and below you, but the character models and more importantly the falling debris will be smaller as well, and you will also be playing this in handheld mode so bear that in mind.
Overall the game would be a great addition to your library of party games you'd have on hand to play with your friends if they came over for some social games, maybe with a few beers involved. As a single player option I could not find myself invested in it.
Avid Welsh gamer hailing from the distant 90's! Grew up with every nintendo console since the super nintendo. Loves a good RPG or retro sidescroller. Known to also play the occasional game of Overwatch. Hoping to lend his opinion on various games and hardware as they become available!
Wales Interactive announces Maid of Sker
Book Review – Retro Tech


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Key Nutrients Reduce Symptoms and Duration of Illness
Vitamins and minerals can lessen symptoms and help you recover from illness quicker.
Researchers at Oregon State University found older adults who took a daily multivitamin and mineral supplement with high amounts of zinc and vitamin C had less severe symptoms and shorter periods of illness than those given a placebo.
by Staff Reports • August 24, 2020
For those wondering if there was actual evidence that ample amounts of key nutrients make you healthier, a recent study provides the answer. Researchers at Oregon State University found older adults who took a daily multivitamin and mineral supplement with high amounts of zinc and vitamin C had less severe symptoms and shorter periods of illness than those given a placebo.
A total of 42 healthy people between the ages of 55 and 75 participated in the study conducted by scientists at OSU's Linus Pauling Institute. The randomized, controlled trial was designed to measure the impact of supplements on specific immune system indicators and the findings were published in the journal Nutrients.
Researchers found elevated levels of zinc and vitamin C in the bloodstream of study participants, micronutrients important for proper immune function. But they found no impact on the immune indicators they looked at such as white blood cells' ability to kill invading pathogens.
However, the supplements proved to have a direct impact on illness. Those taking the supplements reported symptoms that were less severe and disappeared quicker than those reported in the placebo group. The same percentage of subjects in each group reported symptoms of illness but they went away in the supplement group in less than three days while they averaged more than six days in the placebo group.
"The observed illness differences were striking," said Adrian Gombart, professor of biochemistry and biophysics and a principal investigator at the Linus Pauling Institute. "While the study was limited to self-reported illness data and we did not design the study to answer this question, the observed differences suggest that additional larger studies designed for these outcomes are warranted—and, frankly, overdue.
"Supplementation was associated with significantly increased circulating levels of zinc and vitamin C, and with illness symptoms that were less severe and shorter lasting," Gombart added. "This supports findings that stretch back decades, even to the days of Linus Pauling's work with vitamin C. Our results suggest more and better designed research studies are needed to explore the positive role multivitamin and mineral supplementation might play in bolstering the immune system of older adults."
Gombart says as people get older there is an elevated risk of vitamin and mineral deficiency that could lead to compromised immune function. Research shows many adults are deficient in one or more key micronutrients.
"That likely contributes to a decline in the immune system, most often characterized by increased levels of inflammation, reduced innate immune function and reduced T-cell function," Gombart said. "Since multiple nutrients support immune function, older adults often benefit from multivitamin and mineral supplements. These are readily available, inexpensive and generally regarded as safe."
Click here to read more in the journal Nutrients.
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Midlife Exercise Linked to Late Life Brain Health
An Avocado a Day Keeps Your Tummy Happy
Ultra-Processed Foods Could Shorten Your Life
How Drinking Water Could Help Alleviate Obesity
Is EPA Better than DHA for Inflammation?
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Eating Dried Fruit Linked to Better Health
Mediterranean Diet Linked to Decreased Diabetes Risk
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Just in time for the holidays, America's Best Organics, provider of hand-curated, eco-conscious organic gift baskets, has introduced a newly designed, American-made gift box in which to present and ship its all-organic and earth-friendly gift box collections. Produced and printed in a zero waste facility in Denver, CO, the new keepsake gift box design was inspired by an original illustration from Colorado artist Matthue DeYarus.
America's Best Organics is one of 19 Certified B Corporations participating in the launch of "B the Change," a new consumer facing campaign from the community of Certified B Corporations, that celebrates and rewards people using business as a force for good. America's Best Organics included the B the Change red logo on the side of the newly designed gift box as a demonstration of their commitment to raising consumer awareness of products produced by fellow B Corporations.
Additionally, the company unveiled a new look and functionality to its website, www.AmericasBestOrganics.com, to help ease and expedite the shopper's experience in ordering and shipping gift box collections to any location in the U.S. New features to the website include a quick buy section on the homepage, updated graphics and images, and messaging to alert shoppers that ground shipping in the US is now included in the list price.
"Our new box design reflects the essence of eco-gift giving: creativity, warmth, simplicity and recyclability. We are thrilled to introduce the new design in time for holiday orders and hope recipients around the country will be delighted," said Seleyn DeYarus, CEO of parent company Best Organics Inc.
To view the full gift collection or to place an order, please visit America's Best Organics. For questions about the newly box design, refreshed website or gift services, please contact gifts@bestorganics.com or 303.499.6742.
This press release is presented without editing for your information. Utne Reader does not recommend, approve or endorse the products and/or services offered. You should use your own judgment and evaluate products and services carefully before deciding to purchase.


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Daybreak: CDFA rebrands and reframes Healthy Soils
12/04/20 5:52 PM By Brad Hooker
Wines close, again * Draft Winery Order * Peterson's parting climate shot * Support grows for stimulus deal
Ag economists warn of looming volatility as coronavirus cases rise
07/22/20 6:45 AM By Ben Nuelle
As coronavirus cases rise across the country, ag economists expect producers could face headwinds such as volatility and uncertainty in demand for their products for the remainder of the year and into 2021.
Report: Foodservice demand won't recover until mid- to late 2022
06/17/20 6:20 AM By Fran Howard
Shuttered bars, restaurants, and food courts across the country are slowly opening back up, but experts say it could take years before they're experiencing pre-pandemic levels of business.
Chipotle agrees to $25M fine to settle federal charges over outbreaks
Chipotle Mexican Grill Inc. has agreed to pay $25 million to settle criminal charges stemming from foodborne illness outbreaks at restaurants in four states that sickened 1,100 people.


The weather didn't dampen any spirits at the inaugural Great Pink Run in Kilkenny - with over 1,500 attending the event on the castle grounds in the heart of the city.
Olympic silver medallist, Sonia O'Sullivan, was on hand to lead the runners off as the rain came down last Sunday afternoon.
The Great Pink Run in Kilkenny was the first time the charity run took place at a location outside of Dublin.
Almost 6,000 passed the start line in Phoenix Park on Saturday with the Kilkenny run taking to the front on Sunday.
Breast Cancer Ireland - which raised in excess of €350,00 to support its pioneering research and awareness programmes nationally across both runs - is planning to extend the Great Pink Run to two new locations in 2018 and will announce the locations later in the year.
The event can be an emotional experience for those taking part in the 5km or the 10km.
A Wall of Support was on site for those to write up their reasons for doing the run or doting messages to deceased loved ones.
as the finish lines were reached, the sun came out and everyone was given a medal to remember the wonderful experience.


Residents at St. Luke's, Riverview and Hillside Terrace -- like Helen Leith (above) -- have been busy, working like elves, to help the Spencer Women of Today prepare for the service organization's annual Santa's Workshop event at Southpark Mall from 9 a.m. to noon Saturday. Leith and other residents have helped craft handmade gifts. This special activity allows children between the ages of 3 and 12 to purchase gifts for their loved ones. Parents are not allowed inside of Santa's Workshop. Instead, Spencer Women of Today members volunteer their time to keep children on track with their shopping lists. Gifts will range in price from 25 cents to $7.


Jaynic Properties, the developer of the 114-acre Suffolk Park scheme at Bury St Edmunds has appointed major East Anglian property agency Bidwells as joint agent to continue its current marketing success.
Bidwells will work alongside existing retained global real estate consultancy Savills and local Bury St Edmunds agency Hazells.
Patrick Stanton, Head of Bidwells Logistics & Industrial Team, said: "We are thrilled to have been appointed on this exciting new development at Suffolk Park. East Anglia has an enduring shortage of good quality larger warehouse accommodation which Jaynic is addressing with these two speculative units.
"The remaining land is capable of delivering a single 'mega-hub' of up to 800,000 sq ft together with a further 37 acres which has been designated as an Enterprise Zone which will provide occupiers with substantial savings on their business rates," adds Stanton.
Suffolk Park which is adjacent to the A14 with its excellent links into the national motorway network and the port of Felixstowe has outline planning consent for up to 2m sq ft of logistics, manufacturing and business space. Treatt has bought a 10-acre site on Suffolk Park's enterprise zone for its global headquarters, with Sealey purchasing a further 7.5 acres.
The new major estate road and landscaping have recently been completed and Jaynic, in partnership with major global financing institution PGIM, is developing two major speculative logistics units, a 147,000 sq ft and a 206,000 sq ft to cater for known demand in the region.
The development is part of a broader initiative with St Edmundsbury Borough Council and housebuilder Taylor Wimpey to support a range of new and existing businesses in the popular Bury St Edmunds area and to continue to create jobs and prosperity.
Agents for Suffolk Park are global real estate advisors Savills, Cambridge agents Bidwells and local agent Hazells.


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Dr. Sula Hood is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences in the IU Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health at IUPUI. She holds a doctorate in Health Promotion from the University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences. Dr. Hood has extensive training and experience in community-engaged health disparities research funded by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), including a two-year NCI-funded traineeship in Eliminating Health Disparities completed in the nationally-recognized Health Communication Research Laboratory (HCRL), formerly at Saint Louis University. Dr. Hood also completed a two-year NCI-funded postdoctoral fellowship in Cancer Health Disparities at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill's Gillings School of Global Public Health.
Dr. Hood's research agenda has a strong emphasis on addressing chronic disease health disparities in ethnic minority and underserved populations. In particular, her research seeks to identify mechanisms and develop culturally appropriate approaches to increase social support and health communication as critical strategies for promoting chronic disease prevention, coping, and self-management. Dr. Hood values multidisciplinary research collaborations, and has worked in teams to develop and test innovative community-based health promotion interventions in unique settings such as barbershops and family reunions. Dr. Hood's series of interrelated studies, completed within her Communicating about Health Across Related GEnerations (C.H.A.R.G.E) project, have investigated health information sharing processes and norms in African American familial networks. Dr. Hood's research utilizes mixed-methods, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methodology, including social network analysis.
Caito, N.M., Hood, S., & Thompson, V.L. (2014) "Discussing Cancer: Communication with African Americans." Social Work in Health Care, 53(6):519-31.
Linnan, L., Fisher, E., & Hood, S. (2013) "The Power and Potential of Peer Support in Workplace Interventions." American Journal of Health Promotion, September/October; 28(1): TAHP1-12.
Chlebowy, D. O., Hood, S., & LaJoie, A. S. (2013). Gender Differences in Diabetes Self-management among African American Adults. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 35(6), 703-721.
Chlebowy, D. O., Hood, S., & LaJoie, A. S. (2010). Facilitators and Barriers to Self-management of Type 2 Diabetes among Urban African American Adults: Focus Group Findings. The Diabetes Educator, 36(6), 897-905.
Hood, S., Thompson, V. L., Cogbill, S., Arnold, L. D., Talley, M., & Caito, N. M. (2010). African American's self-report patterns using the National Cancer Institute Colorectal Cancer Screening questionnaire. Journal of Cancer Education, 25(3), 431-436.


text:
import jobslave_helper
from jobslave import buildtypes

class HandlerTest(jobslave_helper.JobSlaveHelper):
    def testGetInstallableISO(self):
        handler = self.suppressOutput(self.getHandler,
                                     buildtypes.INSTALLABLE_ISO)
        assert handler, "Failed to get Installable ISO"

    def testGetRawFSImage(self):
        handler = self.suppressOutput(self.getHandler,
                                     buildtypes.RAW_FS_IMAGE)
        assert handler, "Failed to get Raw Filesystem Image"

    def testGetTarball(self):
        handler = self.suppressOutput(self.getHandler,
                                     buildtypes.TARBALL)
        assert handler, "Failed to get Tarball"

    def testGetRawHdImage(self):
        handler = self.suppressOutput(self.getHandler,
                                     buildtypes.RAW_HD_IMAGE)
        assert handler, "Failed to get Raw Hard Disk Image"

    def testGetVMwareImage(self):
        handler = self.suppressOutput(self.getHandler,
                                     buildtypes.VMWARE_IMAGE)
        assert handler, "Failed to get VMware (R) Image"

    def testGetESX(self):
        handler = self.suppressOutput(self.getHandler,
                                     buildtypes.VMWARE_ESX_IMAGE)
        assert handler, "Failed to get VMware (R) ESX Image"

    def testGetVirtualServer(self):
        handler = self.suppressOutput(self.getHandler,
                                     buildtypes.VIRTUAL_PC_IMAGE)
        assert handler, "Failed to get Virtual Server Image"

    def testGetXenOVA(self):
        handler = self.suppressOutput(self.getHandler,
                                     buildtypes.XEN_OVA)
        assert handler, "Failed to get Xen Enterprise Image"

    def testGetAMI(self):
        handler = self.suppressOutput(self.getHandler,
                                     buildtypes.AMI)
        assert handler, "Failed to get AMI"

    def testGetUpdateIso(self):
        handler = self.suppressOutput(self.getHandler,
                                     buildtypes.UPDATE_ISO)
        assert handler, "Failed to get Update ISO"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Error Axis2 WebService AxisServlet I have a problem with an Axis2 Web Service it was working but then i get this exception and I do not know what the error was at first, the WS runs about 100 times every day at 3am - 6am
SEVERE: Servlet.service() for servlet [AxisServlet] in context with path
[/ConsultasDomiciliacion] threw exception [Servlet execution threw an exception] with root cause
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/log4j/spi/ThrowableInformation
at org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent.<init>(LoggingEvent.java:159)
at org.apache.log4j.Category.forcedLog(Category.java:391)
at org.apache.log4j.Category.log(Category.java:856)
at org.apache.commons.logging.impl.Log4JLogger.error(Log4JLogger.java:257)
at org.apache.axis2.util.OnDemandLogger.error(OnDemandLogger.java:90)
at org.apache.axis2.transport.http.AxisServlet.doPost(AxisServlet.java:210)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:646)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:727)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:303)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:220)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122)
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:501)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:171)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:102)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:950)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:408)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1040)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:607)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:314)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1156)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:626)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:780)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Chairman of Nigeria's anti-graft outfit, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), has disclosed that the EFCC would be clamping down on bank chiefs who are believed to be involved in money laundering activities under the guise of private banking.
Ibrahim Magu is quoted by Vanguard Nigeria as stating that the EFCC had already had discussions with the Central bank of Nigeria (CBN) who are regulators of the banking sector pointing out that 'private' banking wad illegal and had to be stopped.
"We had a discussion with the governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria and I insisted that this so-called private banking should be stopped. It is illegal. It is wrong. We are not only going after the personnel of the banks but also after the banks,'' he said.
It takes two to tango. In fact, very soon you will see us going after the Managing Directors of the banks. We don't care what happens because the right thing has to be done.
He lamented how banks only dismiss personnel involved in fraudulent banking activities noting that the EFCC was now going to pursue the banks as corporate entities and the people they use to perpetrate these financial crimes.
The last time bankers in Nigeria were given a hard time was under the regime of the former governor (then Sanusi Lamido Sanusi) the current Emir of Kano, under whose tenure Managing Directors of Banks were put before court for fraud.
Emir Muhammadu Sanusi II also dismissed a number of bank boards under his stewardship which is acclaimed to be one of the most robust periods in Nigeria's banking history in recent times.
Unfortunately he was removed from office by the then president Goodluck Jonathan following the leakage of a letter he (Sanusi) had written to the president but was leaked into the public domain, alleging that some $20 million of oil funds had not been remitted by the state owned Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC).


Enjoy the hotel's stunning surroundings, its personalised attention and an exceptional service at the Be Live Experience Tuxpan, an All Inclusive hotel in Varadero with exclusive services.
Mini club (4 to 12 years old).
Hammocks and umbrellas on the beach.


text:
<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;

class AlterTableConfirmations extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::table('confirmations', function($table){
            $table->string('name');
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        //
    }
}


text:
Кућна црква је термин који се користи за групу хришћана окупљених регуларно или спонтано у кући или простору који се обично не користи за обредне сврхе, уместо грађевине саграђене посебно за ту сврху. Хришћани се окупљају по кућама јер преферирају да се састају неформално, јер верују да је то ефективан начин стварања заједнице и пробоја у јавност или јер верују да мале цркве породичне величине верно осликавају апостолски образац из првих векова хришћанства.

Хришћанство

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Validar fechas de rangos He estado peleando con una query de postgreSQL, en donde me han pedido que valide que la fecha, ya sea de inicio o fin, no este en el rango establecido. En caso de que no, devolver true, sino devolver un false
He armado mi query pero siempre me devuelve un false, aunque la fecha que utilizo no se encuentre en el rango establecido.
Mi consulta:
select case when count(*)=0 then 'true' else 'false' end from price."COMMISSIONS_RANGES" wek
where DATE(:startDate) between wek."START_DATE" and wek."END_DATE"
or DATE(:endDate) between wek."START_DATE" and wek."END_DATE"

Invocacion de mi query:
Repository:

Service:

Mi tabla:
En este caso he estado probando con el id 75

Muchas gracias por la atención y la ayuda!

A: Primero de todo disculpa esta respuesta pues podría ser un comentario pero mi rango me lo impide.
Entendiendo que el enfoque de la solución del problema es mirar si existe dentro de esos rangos y luego negar el resultado de esta consulta, creo que el nexo en el Where debería ser AND
select case when count(*)=0 then 'true' else 'false' end from price."COMMISSIONS_RANGES" wek
where DATE(:startDate) between wek."START_DATE" and wek."END_DATE"
AND DATE(:endDate) between wek."START_DATE" and wek."END_DATE"

Según las Leyes de Morgan la negación de la conjunción

¬ ( P ∧ Q ) ⟺ ( ¬ P ) ∨ ( ¬ Q )
¬ ( P ∨ Q ) ⟺ ( ¬ P ) ∧ ( ¬ Q )


text:
Full house of equestrian disciplines confirmed for Paris 2024 Olympics
Lucy Elder 8 December, 2020 18:24
The Palace of Versailles, where the equestrian events at the 2024 Paris Olympics will be held Credit: King of Hearts/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
All equestrian disciplines will go ahead at the Paris 2024 Olympics, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has confirmed.
The full quota of 200 combinations across the three disciplines with six medal chances also remains untouched.
The news, which came as part of the IOC executive board online meeting on Monday (7 December), has been welcomed by the equestrian world.
FEI president and IOC member Ingmar De Vos said the confirmation shows the efforts the horse world has put in to increase its fan base and improve its digital offering to the world.
"We are very happy to receive formal approval of our three disciplines for Paris 2024 from the IOC executive board and also confirmation that our athlete quota remains untouched at 200", said Mr De Vos.
"This confirmation is also a token of appreciation for the efforts the FEI and the equestrian community have made to increase the fan base and improve digital figures for our sport. We really appreciate that the IOC didn't touch our quota as we knew they needed to reduce the overall Games-wide quota to 10,500 athletes, but our sport has grown so much over the last decade that a reduction of our quota would have been detrimental to the universality of our Olympic competitions."
Equestrian sport keeps its quota of 75 combinations for jumping, 65 for eventing and 60 for dressage at the 2024 Games, which will be staged in the grounds of the Palace of Versailles, as well as team and individual medals for all three disciplines.
IOC director general Christophe De Kepper provided individual sporting federations with event details and athlete quotas in an official letter.
Major news to come out of yesterday's meeting was that breakdancing, skateboarding, sport climbing and surfing now join the ranks of Olympic sports.
There will be 10 fewer medal events in Paris than in Tokyo — four of these have been taken from weightlifting, which has also had its athlete quota more than halved from its Rio 2016 total. This was in large part owing to concerns surrounding the governance of weightlifting's international governing body and doping history in the sport.
Boxing has also had a large reduction in its athlete quota, with 34 places removed, with the IOC taking ongoing concerns about the International Boxing Association into account when making its decision.
There has been a push for gender equality for the Olympics — something equestrian sport can already boast in that men and women compete on equal terms for the same sets of medals.
Historic palace to host Olympic equestrian events
Host cities for the 2024 and 2028 Olympics and Paralympics have been decided with a spectacular setting confirmed for equestrian
*January sale* Try 3 issues of Horse & Hound for just £3
If you want to keep up with the latest from the equestrian world without leaving home, grab a H&H subscription
A statement from the IOC states that the Tokyo Games will be "the first gender equal" Olympics, with an overall 48.8% female participation.
It adds this will be "further increased" in Paris, with the exact same number of male and female athletes "for the first time in Olympic history", with 28 of the 32 sports in the 2024 programme "fully gender balanced" and increase in mixed events from 18 in Tokyo to 22 at the next Games.
"We are further reducing the cost and complexity of hosting the Games. While we will achieve gender equality already at the upcoming Olympic Games Tokyo 2020, we will see for the first time in Olympic history the participation of the exact same number of female athletes as male athletes. There is also a strong focus on youth," said IOC president Thomas Bach.
"With this programme, we are making the Olympic Games Paris 2024 fit for the post-corona world."
Horse & Hound magazine, out every Thursday, is packed with all the latest news and reports, as well as interviews, specials, nostalgia, vet and training advice. Find how you can enjoy the magazine delivered to your door every week, plus options to upgrade to access our H&H Plus online service which brings you breaking news as it happens as well as other benefits.
Tributes paid to iconic trainer who championed dressage for all
Badminton and Burghley competitor wins lifetime achievement award
Pace picked up on Tokyo plans and preparations *H&H Plus*


text:
Pålning (pålgrundläggning) används i samband med byggnad av hus, vägar, järnvägar, broar och andra anläggningsarbeten för att överföra last från ovanliggande konstruktion förbi lösa jordlager ned till bärkraftiga jordar eller berg.

Beroende på typ av byggnation, markens egna förutsättningar och bärförmåga, samt olika hänsyn till omgivningen, finns ett antal olika typer av pålningsmetoder och material, till exempel med hejare.

Vid en pålgrundläggning slås pålar av trä, järn eller betong med en pålkran i marken, till ett fast underlag (exempelvis till berg). På detta vis erhålls en stabil undergrund för ett fundament och för en framtida byggnad.

Olika påltyper
En påle är en i grund och botten en stock, oftast nedkörd i marken. Då kan den användas stolpe eller som del av ett pålverk. Vid pålning slås pålar av trä, stål eller betong med en pålkran i marken, till ett fast underlag (till exempel till berg). På detta vis erhålls en stabil undergrund för ett fundament och för en framtida byggnad.

Spetsburen påle
Spetsburna pålar används när neddrivning till fast berg är möjligt. Lasten från byggnaden överförs via pålen direkt till berggrunden.

Friktionspåle
Friktionspålar används i sandjordar som är av så stor mäktighet att neddrivning till berggrunden inte är möjligt. Lasten från byggnaden tas upp av friktionen mellan pålens mantelyta och jorden.

Kohesionspåle
Kohesionspålar används i lerjordar som är av så stor mäktighet att neddrivning till berggrunden inte är möjligt. Lasten från byggnaden tas upp av kohesionskrafterna mellan pålens mantelyta och leran.

Frankipåle

Metoden används när grunden består av fyllnadsmassor, dy, sand, sten och liknade och bygger på idén att en betongpåle gjuts på platsen i ett stålrör samtidigt under den pågående pålningen. Metoden utvecklades av den belgiske ingenjören och uppfinnaren Edgard Frankignoul på 1900-talets början och patenterades 1909. Metoden användes bland annat vid bygget av stora delar av Slussen i Stockholm 1931–1935.

Geopolymer-påle
Geopolymer-pålar används i alla jordtyper och består av en flytande blandning, som punktinjekteras i höljen precis där pålningen behövs. Geopolymeren stelnar och expanderar därefter för att packa jorden tätare runt omkring.

Material

Stålpålar
Stål används ofta i spetsburna pålar och friktionspålar. Stålpålar är lätta att kapa och skarva lämpar sig för pålning av stora djup. Vid grundläggning av lätta byggnader används slanka stålrörspålar eller kasserad järnvägsräls. Slanka pålar kröker sig lätt och används aldrig för krävande grundläggning.

Betongpålar
Betongpålar kan användas i de flesta jordar. De är lätta att skarva och finns i längder på ca 10–12 m. Betongpålar kan pålas till stora djup (>100 m). Platsgjutna pålar gjuts i ett förborrat hål i jorden och förekommer vid höga lastkoncentrationer och i lättschaktade jordar.

Träpålar
Träpålar är oftast granar som avverkas, kvistas och sedan slås ner i marken med barken kvar på stammen. Träpålar används främst i lerjordar. Så länge som en träpåle befinner sig under grundvattenytan så förhindras ruttning. Metoden har till viss del visat sig vara problematisk: När man började föra ner regnvattnet i dagvattenbrunnar på 1950-talet sjönk grundvattennivåerna i många städer. Detta ledde till att träpålar som stått oskadade i flera hundra år började ruttna och fick bytas ut.

Installation

Slagna pålar
Vanligast i Sverige är slagna pålar. Pålarna slås eller vibreras ner i marken med frifallshejare och vibrohejare. På grund av de stora vibrationerna och höga ljudnivåerna som pålningsarbetet ger upphov till, så undviks denna typ av pålning i känsliga miljöer. Den vanligaste rörtypen är så kallade RR-pålar från finska Rautaruukki samt SS-pålar från Scandia Steel.

Pressade pålar
Pålarna pressas ner i marken med hydrauliska domkrafter. Vanligtvis används byggnaden som mothåll. Metoden används med fördel vid förstärkningsarbeten av en befintlig byggnad, då vibrationerna från slagna pålar kan skada konstruktionen.

Grävpålar och borrpålar
Grävpålar och borrpålar är betongpålar som gjuts på plats. Det går till på så vis att man gräver eller borrar upp ett hål i marken som fylls med betong och armering. I lösa jordar måste jorden stabiliseras med ett foderrör som sänks ner i samband med grävning och borrning. Vid borrning under grundvattennivån används ibland en bentonithaltig borrvätska som förhindrar inträngning av grundvatten och kollaps av borrhålet.

Borrade rörpålar
Då marken innehåller block eller stenar som förhindrar vanlig pålning, eller då berget lutar, kan borrade rörpålar användas. Metoden används även då omgivningen är känslig för de vibrationer som vanlig pålning innebär, samt då stora punktlaster ska föras ned till berggrunden.

Rörpålar tillverkas av höghållfast stål och kan ha en diameter på uppemot 1 meter. Den vanligaste rörtypen är så kallade RD-pålar från finska Rautaruukki samt SSdr-pålar från Scandia Steel. Efter borrningen kan rören fyllas med betong och armering.

Exempel på kända pålgrundläggningar
Stora delar av Gamla stan i Stockholm är grundlagda på pålar, likaså Riksdagshuset i Stockholm, som vilar på över 9 000 ekpålar. Genom landhöjningen har pålskallarna (överdelen av en påle) kommit över grundvattennivån, vilket resulterat i att pålskallen ruttnat bort och grundens stabilitet försvagats med sättningar i huset till följd. I värsta fall kan huset kollapsa. I Gamla stan och vid ombyggnaden av Riksdagshuset har därför omfattande reparationer och nya grundförstärkningar genomförts.

För trafikknutpunkten Slussen i Stockholm fanns en omfattande pålgrundläggning med betongpålar från 1930-talet. Anläggningen var starkt nedsliten och drabbad av sättningsproblem.

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