The objective of this study is to examine the issues of fracking or hydraulic fracturing and tar sands or oil sands.
Fracking is used to extract natural gas from shale layers located deep in the ground. The impermeability of the shale layers leads to the gas being trapped. The rocks are blasted with pressurized water that contain sand and chemicals capable of increasing friction between the rocks and water. However, the percentage of the fluid consisting of the chemicals is very small. Some of the chemicals, for instance ethylene glycol, are poisonous, while other components are 'trade secrets'. The sand contained in the pressurized solution helps in cracking the rocks so that they release the gas (Schrope, 2012).
Boudet, H. et al., 2013. "Fracking" controversy and communication: Using national survey. Energy Policy.
Brasier, K. Fillteau, M.; McLaughlin, D.; Jacquet, J.; Stedman, R.; Kelsey, T.; Goetz, S. 2011. Residents' perceptions of community and environmental impacts from development of natural gas in the Marcellus Shale: a comparison of Pennsylvania and New York cases. J. Rural Social Sci, Volume 26, p. 32-61.
Considine, T., Watson, R. & Blumsack, S., 2010. The Economic Impacts of the Pennsylvania Marcellus Shale Natural Gas Play: An Update, University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering.
EPA (2010). United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2010. Plan to Study the Potential Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing on Drinking Water Resources, Washington, D.C.: s.n.
Hydraulic fracking of gas and oil wells in the northeast region of the United States is controversial, and it has the potential to create devastating and long lasting environmental damage and human health problems.
Hidden Costs of Energy: Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2010. Print.
Delaney, Tim, and Tim Madigan. Beyond Sustainability: A Thriving Environment., 2014. Print.
Ferrer, Imma, and EM. Thurman. Advanced Techniques in Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (gc-Ms-Ms and Gc-Tof-Ms) for Environmental Chemistry., 2013. Internet resource.
Hilyard, Joseph. The Oil & Gas Industry: A Nontechnical Guide. Tulsa, Okla: PennWell, 2012. Print.
Bateman, Christopher. "A Colossal Fracking Mess." Vanity Fair, 2010. Web.
To those who support the idea, hydrofracking is the next (and possibly only) real alternative to the U.S.'s continued dependence on the world's oil supply (Energy Vision, n.d:1). To those who doubt the viability of this claim -- or to those who worry about the accuracy about what is being claimed -- hydrofracking is really more the setting up of the next great asbestos industry -- or the establishment of an endless serious of public health and benefit legal fights over what is likely a dangerous or even deadly misstatement of opportunities (Pericorn, et al., 2012).
Energy Vision (n.d.). Hydrofracking: The need for responsible gas drilling regulation and the role of natural gas. White Paper. Viewable at http://www.energy-vision.org/pdf/HydrofrackingFactSheet3.pdf.
Lee, C. et al. (2011). An Assessment of the Potential Impacts of High Volume Hydraulic Fracturing (HVHF) on Forest Resources. Tioga County, NY. Nature Conservancy.
Nature Conservancy (2012). New York: Marcellus Shale 101. Viewable at http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/newyork/placesweprotect/newyorkcity/ny1-marcellus-shale-101.xml.
Pernicorn, C.J. Naughton, M.J. And Reich, S. (2012). Legal implications of hydrofracking in the Marcellus Shale. Prelimiary Insight: Toxic Torts and Environmental Law. In-Home Quarterly, DRI.
While the extraction of natural gas by means of hydraulic fracturing is a decade- long practice, of late, it has witnessed immense development owing to advancements in the area of horizontal drilling which enables gas and oil operators to now harness earlier- unprofitable natural gas reserves within rock formations. Extant extraction- related policies combine state-federal alliances and voluntary endeavors by private organizations. More unprejudiced, scientific studies providing details on how fracturing and extraction potentially affect environmental media like water and air are essential, in addition to those focusing on natural gas surges' long- term effects on local societies. Primary models and hypotheses may offer a basis to reasonably discuss possible effects.
Our community faces a public health crisis of unprecedented proportions. My research leads me to believe that the cluster of unexplained illnesses that the people of this town have experienced over the years are the direct result of gas company drilling practices.
It started out with what we all assumed were just unrelated illnesses: irritation of the eyes, nose and throat. These may sound like allergies, but no. For the really unfortunate folks in our community, more severe symptoms showed up, like hypotension, metabolic acidosis, hemolysis, pulmonary edema and even coma, even rare and deadly diseases. But here is the zinger: we have too many cases of these illnesses for a community our size, far too many.
The first waste product is organic food waste. This ends up in landfills, and there are a number of negative outcomes. Food waste releases methane, a powerful greenhouse gas. Landfills are 20% of all methane emissions in the United States. Further, organic food waste is material that could be composted, but usually is not, representing a lost opportunity to create valuable compost for growing food. In addition, prior to making its way to the landfill, food waste is often stored in back alleys and in garbage cans, where it attracts rodents and other vermin (EPA, 2015).
"The Basics of Global Warming - Science of Global Warming - Environmental Defense Fund." Environmental Defense Fund - Finding the Ways That Work. Web. 25 July 2011. .
Klein, Naomi. Global Warming, Fact or Fiction. Web. 25 July 2011. .
NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Web. 25 July 2011. .
Describe the role of business in the economy, including the factors of production and the key dimensions of the business environment.
Donges, P.& Jarren, O. (2014). Mediatization of political organizations. Chapter 10 in Mediatization of Politics. Esser & Stromback (Eds.): 181-199.
Hirsch, A.V. (2016). Experimentation and persuasion in political organizations. American Political Science Review 110(01): 68-84.
Morgan, G. (2006). Images of Organization. Sage.
U.S. domestic oil production peaked 1970. Also global production, argued oil fell a high point 2005 74 million barrels/day, rebounded, 2011 figures show slightly higher levels production 2005 (EIA 2011).
'Peak oil:' When will we reach it? Does it matter?
The oil industry in the U.S. serves as the foundation for virtually the whole economy. The U.S. has largely exhausted its own domestic oil supply so it must rely primarily on foreign sources. New technologies have allowed the extraction of the oil that still remains in the U.S. Offshore drilling and oil reserves that are only accessible by hydraulic fracking represent the two best examples of controversial extraction methods. The oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico represents very clearly the risks associated with off-shore extraction. Furthermore, hydraulic fracking and the use of shale reserves have also been meet with a lot of resistance for their environmental risks.
The author of this paper is asked to answer to five major questions. The first is why there is a difference in terms of political systems from country to country. The second question is how the legal systems of different countries differ. The third question asks the author to explain the economic differences of different countries. The fourth question asks the author to discuss and explain different macro-political and economic changes that occur around the world. Finally, the author is asked to explain how transitioning economies are moving towards market-based systems.
Hill, C.W. (2013). International business: competing in the global marketplace (9 ed.).
Tran, M. (2013, April 3). Pakistan needs to recoup more in taxes before any aid boost, say MP's | Global development | theguardian.com . Latest news, world news, sport and comment from the Guardian | theguardian.com | The Guardian .
Alexander, T. et al., 2011. Shale Gas Revolution. Oilfield Review, 23, pp.40 -- 55. Available at: http://www.slb.com/~/media/Files/resources/oilfield_review/ors11/aut11/04_shale_gas_revolution.pdf .
Andrews, I.J., 2013. The Carboniferous Bowland Shale gas study: geology and resource estimation. Report, p.64pp.
Bakshi, V. 2012. Shale gas: a practitioner's guide to shale gas & other unconventional resources. London, United Kingdom: Globe Law and Business.
Berman, A., 2009. What's new in exploration? Shale plays and lower natural gas prices: A time for critical thinking. World Oil, 230, pp. 15 -- 16. Available at: http://www.worldoil.com/Magazine/MAGAZINE_DETAIL.asp?ART_ID=3762&MONTH_YEAR=Jan-2009.
U.S. Constitution is the highest law of the land. As such, is has a significant effect on public policy not only in what is possible and what is not but also through the processes it establishes for addressing issues of public interest. For this assignment, you will participate in a discussion about the U.S. And Texas constitutions and their effects on public policy. When responding to the discussion questions, be sure to reference course materials to support your conclusions and opinions. You should do the same whenever you respond to another person's discussion post. By doing so, you not only make a stronger case, but better support your own learning.
Alvarez RA, Pacala SW, Winebrake JJ, Chameides WL, Hamburg SP. Greater focus needed on methane leakage from natural gas infrastructure. (2012), ProcNatlAcadSci USA.
Hansen, James, et al. "Assessing "Dangerous Climate Change": Required Reduction of Carbon Emissions to Protect Young People Future Generations and Nature." PLOS One (2013). Review.
Heinberg R, Fridley D. The end of cheap coal. Nature, 468(7322): 2010, 367 -- 369. DOI: 10.1038/468367a.
Waste minimization and reuse is an important component of operations in hydraulic fracking given the economic liability and safety issues associated with creating waste. Process streams, which entail the use of chemicals and detergents to clean water and gas streams before returning them to the process is an example of a technique for minimizing and reusing waste. Generally, the process of distilling crude oil entails treating ammonia bearing water before it is discharged into open sources of water like rivers and bays. Given the significance of this treatment to the health and safety of workers and the environment, identifying a suitable means for waste minimization and reuse is crucial though complex and expensive. In this case process streams would be the most suitable option since it would help clean waste water and gas streams before they are taken back to the process.
Hocking, M.B. (2012). Modern chemical technology and emission control. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media.
Manivanan, R. (2006). Recycling of industrial effluents. New Delhi: New India Publishing Agency.
As Exxon engages in the discovery, extraction, refining and retailing of petroleum, a wide range of technologies are used to help it perform its business and compete. Some of these functions are outsourced to other companies that serve the oil industry, but the base technology for exploration involves a variety of equipment for evaluating whether there is oil in the ground at specific locations -- drills, sonar and other sensory equipment. Extraction requires highly complex hard technology, driven by software, that can drill into the earth and bring oil to the surface, no matter what the prevailing conditions at the surface are. At the fore of modern technology is software that enables real time monitoring of all data on wellhead conditions, flow through pipelines and the status of mechanical systems. This software seeks to minimize loss, maximize efficiency and to reduce downtime (Elatab, 2012).
Gore, A. (2006). An Inconvenient Truth. NY: Rodale.
Nordhaus, W. (2014). A Question of Balance. CT: Yale.
journal Public Health Advocacy asserts that "e need unchained voices to challenge the powers that rule our world" (Avery, et al., 2003). The article goes on to insist that "Advocates have the freedom to agitate for the advancement of agendas," and for the American Public Health Association (APHA), that organization unchained the voices of their members to put pressure on members of Congress to: a) protect public health funding; b) protect the Affordable Care Act; and c) pass comprehensive legislation to reduce gun violence (APHA, 2013). This paper reviews the goals, the objectives, the message, the purpose and the media strategies that APHA used (and will use) as they advocate for public health issues.
American Public Health Association. (2013). APHA 2013 PHACT Campaign Toolkit.
Retrieved June 27, 2014, from http://www.apha.org .
Avery, B., and Bashir, S. (2003). The Road to Advocacy -- Searching for the Rainbow.
American Journal of Public Health, 93(8), 1207-1201.
Berman, Micah. (Fall 2011). "From Health Care Reform to Public Health Reform."


We are pleased to announce the Call for Submissions for Come Up To My Room 2019, the Gladstone's Annual Alternate Design Event.
Come Up To My Room (#CUTMR) is an alternative design exhibition that provides a platform for experimentation outside the norms of art and design, at the edges between intention and interpretation. Freed from the constraints of traditional practice, CUTMR encourages spatial exploration that engages our senses, our memories and our perceptions of reality. The exhibition challenges participants to push their everyday practice by offering a blank canvas upon which to explore new themes and ways of working. Framed within the backdrop of the historic 130-year-old Gladstone Hotel, CUTMR invites artists and designers to create site-specific, immersive installations that stimulate the imagination and encourage discussion and dialogue between contributors and visitors alike. The Gladstone welcomes Jana Macalik & Jennie Suddick as the curatorial team for CUTMR 2019.
The 16th instalment of CUTMR will take place between January 17 and January 20, 2019, in conjunction with Toronto Design Offsite Festival (TO DO) Interior Design Show (IDS). We invite you to submit proposals as individuals or as collectives, and multidisciplinary teams are encouraged. This call is open to Canadian and international participants.
Second Floor Immersive Installations: Participants create new, site-specific work in rooms or public spaces on the second floor. A total of 8 rooms are available. Public spaces include, walls, foyers, alcoves and a pop-up bar. Submissions for these spaces should be installation based and aim to transport the visitor into a complete immersive, "otherworldly" environment.
3rd and 4th Floor: Hallways and public spaces are available for exhibition proposals which will orient visitors to Toronto to its vibrant alternative design scene. Curated group works and associated exhibits are welcome to apply.
Exterior Spaces – Available spaces include the green roof, facades, alleyways, windows, balconies and projections that activate the street.
Ground Floor & Main Stairwell – Available spaces include the vestibule, front desk, cafe brick wall, ballroom for the Love Design Party, main stairwell, elevators, balcony alcove archway (BAR). Proposals for activating our food and beverage areas are welcome as well as installations in the cafe and the Melody Bar. We also have smart TVs for animations/film (some limitations due to service).
Other Spaces – Got an idea you don't see here – let us know!
Performances & Events: Ask us if you'd like to collaborate with Gladstone Resident Artist Bruno Billio. We also accept proposals for performances during programming, sound pieces and proposals for works or events at offsite Locations. The sky's the limit really!
NOTE: Unlike the room installations, participants submitting for a public space project MUST include details of specific works to be exhibited in the show. All participants are required to showcase new work and are asked to produce work specifically for CUTMR 2019. Please include as much detail as possible on your proposal for the space, as well as images of your previous work. Drawings, descriptions, etc., of your proposed project are essential.
Fees are payable upon acceptance.
NOTE: Several of our past participants have been successful in obtaining exhibition assistance grants and sponsorships from Toronto Arts Council and Ontario Arts Council or private donors respectively.
Fees include space rental for the run of the exhibition; exhibition administration, curation and coordination; inclusion in the promotion, professional PR services, social media promotion, VIP events, exhibition catalogue and cross-promotion with the Toronto Design Offsite (TO DO) list. Past press coverage has included: Toronto Life, Where Toronto, Canadian Architect, Forbes Mag, Torontoist, CBC (Stephen & Chris), Azure, Design Lines, Now Toronto, the Globe and Mail, Monocle and many more!
Apply to Come Up to My Room 2019 HERE!


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Download CICT1513 Chapter 5 - Al-Madinah International University
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Connectivity, the Wireless Revolution and Communications
In this chapter we will discuss the following topics:
Connectivity, the wireless revolution and communications.
Physical and wireless communications channels.
Conventional modems, T1, ISDN, DSL, cable modem, and satellite connections.
Bandwidth, serial versus parallel transmission, direction of data transmission, and
protocols.
Network architecture – configurations and strategies.
Local area, metropolitan area, and wide area networks.
At the end of the chapter, students will be able to:
1. Explain what is meant by connectivity, the wireless revolution and communications.
2. Differentiate between physical and wireless communications channels.
3. Define what is conventional modems, T1, ISDN, DSL, cable modem, and satellite
connections.
4. Understand the term bandwidth, the difference between serial and parallel
transmission, direction of data transmission, and protocols.
5. Describe what is a network architecture, network configurations and strategies.
6. Explain the difference between a local area, metropolitan area, and wide area networks.
In this new millennium, computers are connected to each other on a network to fulfill the
computing requirements of the users. As users' requirements get more and more sophisticated,
they no longer can work alone. They need to collaborate and interact with each other. As such
their computers need to be connected. Hence connectivity gradually becomes a 'must'.
Connectivity refers to the use of computer networks to link to people and resources [1]. We can
link or connect to large computers and the Internet providing access to world-wide information
resources just by sitting in front of and clicking on our computer. Connectivity may also refer to
the internet bandwidth coming into and going out of a country, and the quality of the
infrastructure within the country for linking to the internet.
Being connected is no longer sufficient. Users need to be connected and yet at the same time
they want to be mobile. It is now cumbersome to have wires rooting them down at the
computer table. Users want to be connected to the Internet and the network, but without
wires limiting their movements. This is where wireless technology comes in handy. Wireless is a
term used to describe telecommunications in which electromagnetic waves (rather than some
form of wire) carry the signal over part or the entire communication path. Some monitoring
devices, such as intrusion alarms, employ acoustic waves at frequencies above the range of
human hearing; these are also sometimes classified as wireless.
The first wireless transmitters went on the air in the early 20th century using radiotelegraphy
(Morse code). Later, as modulation made it possible to transmit voices and music via wireless,
the medium came to be called "radio." With the advent of television, fax, data communication,
and the effective use of a larger portion of the spectrum, the term "wireless" has been
resurrected. Common examples of wireless equipment in use today include:
cellular phones and pagers -- provide connectivity for portable and mobile applications,
both personal and business
Global Positioning System (GPS) -- allows drivers of cars and trucks, captains of boats and
ships, and pilots of aircraft to ascertain their location anywhere on earth
Cordless computer peripherals -- the cordless mouse is a common example; keyboards
and printers can also be linked to a computer via wireless
Cordless telephone sets -- these are limited-range devices, not to be confused with cell
Home-entertainment-system control boxes -- the VCR control and the TV channel control
are the most common examples; some hi-fi sound systems and FM broadcast receivers
also use this technology
Remote garage-door openers -- one of the oldest wireless devices in common use by
consumers; usually operates at radio frequencies
Two-way radios -- this includes Amateur and Citizens Radio Service, as well as business,
marine, and military communications
Baby monitors -- these devices are simplified radio transmitter/receiver units with limited
satellite television -- allows viewers in almost any location to select from hundreds of
wireless LANs or local area networks -- provide flexibility and reliability for business
computer users
Wireless technology is rapidly evolving, and is playing an increasing role in the lives of people
throughout the world [2]. In addition, ever-larger numbers of people are relying on the
technology directly or indirectly. (It has been suggested that wireless is overused in some
situations, creating a social nuisance.) More specialized and exotic examples of wireless
communications and control include:
Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) -- a digital mobile telephone system used
in Europe and other parts of the world [3]; the de facto wireless telephone standard in
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) -- a packet-based wireless communication service
that provides continuous connection to the Internet for mobile phone and computer
Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE) -- a faster version of the Global System for
Mobile (GSM) wireless service
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) -- a broadband, packet-based
system offering a consistent set of services to mobile computer and phone users no
matter where they are located in the world
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) -- a set of communication protocols to standardize
the way that wireless devices, such as cellular telephones and radio transceivers, can be
used for Internet access [4]
i-Mode -- the world's first "smart phone" for Web browsing, first introduced in Japan;
provides color and video over telephone sets [5].
Wireless communication channels [6] can be divided into:
fixed wireless -- the operation of wireless devices or systems in homes and offices, and
in particular, equipment connected to the Internet via specialized modems
Mobile wireless -- the use of wireless devices or systems aboard motorized, moving
vehicles; examples include the automotive cell phone and PCS (personal
communications services)
Portable wireless -- the operation of autonomous, battery-powered wireless devices or
systems outside the office, home, or vehicle; examples include handheld cell phones
and PCS units
IR wireless -- the use of devices that convey data via IR (infrared) radiation; employed in
certain limited-range communications and control systems
5.3 Conventional modems, T1, ISDN, DSL, cable modem, and satellite connections.
Conventional Modems
A device that comprises both a modulator that changes a signal in some way in the forward
direction and a demodulator that changes the signal back to its original form in the backward
direction, essentially reversing the modulation process. A conventional modem is a signal
conversion device that interfaces a digital device to an analog circuit or channel [7]. On the
transmit side of the connection, a modem accepts an incoming digital signal and modulates
(i.e., changes or varies) the characteristics of an electromagnetic waveform in some way to
represent that signal over an analog carrier. The modulation technique generally involves
amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), phase modulation (PM), or some
combination. On the receive side of the connection, a modem with matching capabilities
accepts the modulated signal over the analog carrier and demodulates the signal to extract the
information and recreate the original digital signal. Many modems are capable of operating in
full duplex, simultaneously modulating signals as they transmit them and demodulating signals
as they receive them.
T1 is a high-speed digital network (1.544 mbps) developed by American Telephone & Telegraph
(AT&T) in 1957 [8]. This technology was implemented in the early 1960s to support long-haul,
pulse-code modulation (PCM) voice transmission. During its inception, the main innovation of
T1 was that it introduced 'digitized' voice, thus creating a network that was fully capable of
digitally representing what was until then a fully analog telephone system.
It stands for 'integrated services digital network' [9]. A set of recommendations describing a set
of interfaces for access to a digital public switched telephone network (PSTN) intended to
provide ubiquitous access to a wide range of services, including voice, data, video, and
Cable modem
A technology for connecting users to the Internet through the TV-cable network and has the
advantage of high-speed bandwidth 10-50 times as high (up to 5 megabits per second) as dialup modems, which have 56 kilobits per second and use the telephone networks. TV-cable
providers have to upgrade their network infrastructure to offer the service, whereas the dial-up
modems need just a telephone line for connectivity. An alternative to the usage of cable-
modems is DSL (Digital Subscription Line). DSL makes use of existing telephony lines and
achieves approximately the same transmission speeds as cable modems [10].
Satellite connections
A satellite Internet connection [11] is an arrangement in which the upstream (outgoing) and the
downstream (incoming) data are sent from, and arrive at, a computer through a satellite. Each
subscriber's hardware includes a satellite dish antenna and a transceiver (transmitter/receiver)
that operates in the microwave portion of the radio spectrum.
In a two-way satellite Internet connection, the upstream data is usually sent at a slower speed
than the downstream data arrives. Thus, the connection is asymmetric. A dish antenna,
measuring about two feet high by three feet wide by three feet deep, transmits and receives
signals. Uplink speeds are nominally 50 to 150 Kbps for a subscriber using a single computer.
The downlink occurs at speeds ranging from about 150 Kbps to more than 1200 Kbps,
depending on factors such as Internet traffic, the capacity of the server, and the sizes of
downloaded files.
Satellite Internet systems are an excellent, although rather pricey, option for people in rural
areas where Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) and cable modem connections are not available. A
satellite installation can be used even where the most basic utilities are lacking, if there is a
generator or battery power supply that can produce enough electricity to run a desktop
computer system. The two-way satellite Internet option offers an always-on connection that
bypasses the dial-up process. In this respect, the satellite system resembles a cable modem
Internet connection. But this asset can also be a liability, unless a firewall is used to protect the
computer against hack attempts.
5.4 Bandwidth, serial versus parallel transmission, direction of data transmission, and
In computer networks, bandwidth is often used as a synonym for data transfer rate [12] - the
amount of data that can be carried from one point to another in a given time period (usually a
second). This kind of bandwidth is usually expressed in bits (of data) per second (bps).
Occasionally, it is expressed as bytes per second (Bps). A modem that works at 57,600 bps has
twice the bandwidth of a modem that works at 28,800 bps. In general, a link with a high
bandwidth is one that may be able to carry enough information to sustain the succession of
images in a video presentation.
Serial versus Parallel Transmission
Data are transmitted along a communications medium either in serial or in parallel [13]. Most
microcomputer owners know that their machines are equipped with serial and parallel ports.
These enable the computer to transmit both serial and parallel digital signals. In both serial and
parallel transmission, the bytes corresponding to each message are sent along a medium, one
after another.
Thus, for the one-word message: SALMAN. The byte representation of the "S" is sent first, then
"A" then "L," and so on. Serial and parallel transmission differs in that, in serial transmission,
the bits of each byte are sent along a single path one after another. In parallel transmission,
separate, parallel paths correspond to each bit of a byte so that all the bits arrive at the
destination simultaneously.
Because parallel transmission can get messages to its destinations sooner, it is faster than serial
transmission. But, because more wiring is needed to set up the extra bit paths, parallel
transmission is much more expensive. Often, devices that are located within a few feet of each
other will communicate in serial. For example, a microcomputer may use parallel transmission
to send a word-processing document to a printer that is connected to it.
Direction of Data Transmission
Besides the previously mentioned ways in which data may travel, there are three directional
modes of travel in data transmission.

Simplex Communication: Simplex communication [14] is a mode in which data only
flows in one direction. Because most modern communications require a two-way
interchange of data and information, this mode of transmission is not as popular as it once
was. However, one current usage of simplex communications in business involves certain
point-of-sale terminals in which sales data is entered without a corresponding reply.
Half-duplex Communication: Half-duplex communication [15] adds an ability for a twoway flow of data between computer terminals. In this directional mode, data travels in two
directions, but not simultaneously. Data can only move in one direction when data is not
being received from the other direction. This mode is commonly used for linking computers
together over telephone lines.
Full-duplex Communication: The fastest directional mode of communication is fullduplex communication [16]. Here, data is transmitted in both directions simultaneously on
the same channel. Thus, this type of communication can be thought of as similar to
automobile traffic on a two-lane road. Full-duplex communication is made possible by
devices called multiplexers. Full-duplex communication is primarily limited to mainframe
computers because of the expensive hardware required to support this directional mode.
In the field of telecommunications, a communications protocol [17] is the set of standard rules
for data representation, signaling, authentication and error detection required to send
information over a communications channel. An example of a simple communications protocol
adapted to voice communication is the case of a radio dispatcher talking to mobile stations. The
communication protocols for digital computer network communication have many features
intended to ensure reliable interchange of data over an imperfect communication channel.
Communication protocol is basically following certain rules so that the system works properly.
A network architecture [18] is a blueprint of the complete computer communication network,
which provides a framework and technology foundation for designing, building and managing a
communication network. It typically has a layered structure. Layering is a modern network
design principle which divides the communication tasks into a number of smaller parts, each
part accomplishing a particular sub-task and interacting with the other parts in a small number
of well-defined ways. Layering allows the parts of a communication to be designed and tested
without a combinatorial explosion of cases, keeping each design relatively simple.
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) network architecture, developed by International
Organization for Standardization, is an open standard for communication in the network across
different equipment and applications by different vendors. Though not widely deployed, the
OSI 7 layer model is considered the primary network architectural model for inter-computing
and inter-networking communications.
In addition to the OSI network architecture model, there exist other network architecture
models by many vendors, such as IBM SNA (Systems Network Architecture), Digital Equipment
Corporation (DEC; now part of HP) DNA (Digital Network Architecture), Apple computer's
AppleTalk, and Novell's NetWare.
Local area, metropolitan area, and wide area networks
The components in a Local Area Network [19] can be connected in a few ways, which is call LAN
topologies. Figure 5.6 describes the 4 basic LAN topologies:
Star: All stations are connected by cable (or wireless) to a central point, such as hub or a switch.
If the central node is operating in a broadcast fashion such as a Hub, transmission of a frame
from one station to the node is retransmitted on all of the outgoing links. In this case, although
the arrangement is physically a star, it is logically a bus. In the case of the central node acting as
switch, an incoming frame is processed in the node and then retransmitted on an outgoing link
to the destination station. Ethernet protocols (IEEE 802.3) are often used in the Star topology
LAN.
Ring: All nodes on the LAN are connected in a loop and their Network Interface Cards (NIC) are
working as repeaters. There is no starting or ending point. Each node will repeat any signal that
is on the network regardless its destination. The destination station recognizes its address and
copies the frame into a local buffer as it goes by. The frame continues to circulate until it
returns to the source station, where it is removed. Token Ring (IEEE 802.5) is the most popular
Ring topology protocol. FDDI (IEEE 802.6) is another protocol used in the Ring topology, which
is based on the Token Ring [19].
Bus: All nodes on the LAN are connected by one linear cable, which is called the shared
medium. Every node on this cable segment sees transmissions from every other station on the
same segment. At each end of the bus [19] is a terminator, which absorbs any signal, removing
it from the bus. This medium cable apparently is the single point of failure. Ethernet (IEEE
802.3) is the protocols used for this type of LAN.
Tree: The tree topology 19] is a logical extension of the bus topology. The transmission medium
is a branching cable with no closed loops. The tree layout begins at a point called the head-end,
where one or more cables start, and each of these may have branches. The branches in turn
may have additional branches to allow quite complex layouts.
Figure 5.6: LAN Architecture and Topologies: Bus, Star, Ring and Tree
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)[19] is a large computer network that spans a
metropolitan area or campus. Its geographic scope falls between a WAN and LAN. MANs
provide Internet connectivity for LANs in a metropolitan region, and connect them to wider
area networks like the Internet. A MAN is optimized for a larger geographical area than a LAN,
ranging from several blocks of buildings to entire cities. MANs can also depend on
communications channels of moderate-to-high data rates. A MAN might be owned and
operated by a single organization, but it usually will be used by many individuals and
organizations. MANs might also be owned and operated as public utilities. They will often
provide means for internetworking of local networks. Metropolitan area networks can span up
to 50km, devices used are modem and wire/cable
Connectivity refers to the use of computer networks to link to people and resources. Users
need to be connected and yet at the same time they want to be mobile. . Wireless is a term
used to describe telecommunications in which electromagnetic waves carry the signal over part
or the entire communication path.
Wireless communication channels can be fixed wireless, Mobile wireless, Portable wireless or IR
wireless. A conventional modem is a signal conversion device that interfaces a digital device to
an analog circuit or channel. T1 is a high-speed digital network implemented in the early 1960s
to support long-haul, pulse-code modulation (PCM) voice transmission. ISDN is a set of
recommendations describing a set of interfaces for access to a digital public switched telephone
network to provide ubiquitous access to a wide range of services, including voice, data, video,
and multimedia. Cable modem is a technology for connecting users to the Internet through the
TV-cable network. A satellite Internet connection is an arrangement in which the upstream
(outgoing) and the downstream (incoming) data are sent from, and arrive at, a computer
through a satellite.
Bandwidth is the amount of data that can be carried from one point to another in a given time
period. Parallel transmission is faster than serial transmission. There are three directional
modes of travel in data transmission: Simplex Communication, Half-duplex Communication and
Full-duplex Communication. , A communications protocol is the set of standard rules for data
representation, signaling, authentication and error detection required to send information over
a communications channel.
A network architecture is a blueprint of the complete computer communication network, which
provides a framework and technology foundation for designing, building and managing a
communication network. a Local Area Network can be connected in four different topologies:
star, bus, ring and tree. A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a large computer network that
spans a metropolitan area or campus.
Fill in the blanks.
1. …… may also refer to the internet bandwidth coming into and going out of a country, and
the quality of the infrastructure within the country for linking to the internet.
2. A ……. is a large computer network that spans a metropolitan area or campus.
3. In the …… topology, every node on this cable segment sees transmissions from every other
station on the same segment.
4. The …….. network architecture, is an open standard for communication in the network
across different equipment and applications by different vendors.
5. A ……… is the set of standard rules for data representation, signaling, authentication and
error detection required to send information over a communications channel.
6. …….. communication is primarily limited to mainframe computers because of the expensive
hardware required to support this directional mode.
7. In …… transmission, separate, parallel paths correspond to each bit of a byte so that all the
bits arrive at the destination simultaneously.
8. …… is the amount of data that can be carried from one point to another in a given time
period (usually a second).
9. ….. is a set of recommendations describing a set of interfaces for access to a digital public
switched telephone network (PSTN) intended to provide ubiquitous access to a wide range
of services, including voice, data, video, and multimedia.
10. …….the use of wireless devices or systems aboard motorized, moving vehicles; examples
include the automotive cell phone and personal communications services.
11. ….. is a term used to describe telecommunications in which electromagnetic waves carry the
signal over part or the entire communication path.
1. Connectivity
2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
3. Tree
4. Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
5. communications protocol
6. Full-duplex
7. Parallel
8. Bandwidth
9. integrated services digital network
10. Mobile wireless
11. Wireless
1. Diane M. Coyle, Computers Are Your Future, Complete, 10/E, Prentice Hall, 2009. ISBN-10:
0135045118, ISBN-13: 9780135045114.
2. John Preston, Sally Preston and Robert L. Ferrett, Computer Literacy for IC3, Prentice Hall,
2009. ISBN-10: 0131498649, ISBN-13: 9780131498648.
3. Alan Evans, Mary Ann Poatsy and Kendall Martin, Technology in Action, Introductory, 5/E,
Prentice Hall, 2009. ISBN-10: 0135137667, ISBN-13: 9780135137666.
4. Brian K.Williams and Stacey Sawyer, Using Information Technology: A Practical Introduction
to Computers and Communications, 7th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2007. ISBN-13
5. James A. O'Brien and George Marakas, Introduction to Information Systems, 13th Edition,
McGraw-Hill, 2007, ISBN-13 9780073043555.
Online References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connectivity_(computer_science)
http://www.wordinfo.info/words/index/info/view_unit/4003
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/WAP.html
http://www.cbc.ca/technology/story/2009/01/07/f-forbes-smartphones.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_(communications)
http://www.yourdictionary.com/modem
http://www.yourdictionary.com/t1-and-t3
http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~fine/ISDN/overview.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_modem
http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci528672,00.html
http://www.cyberindian.com/web-hosting/bandwidth-management.php
http://www.blurtit.com/q511025.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duplex_(telecommunications)
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/half_duplex.html
http://home.olemiss.edu/~misbook/cdtddts.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_protocol
http://www.edrawsoft.com/Network-Architecture.php
http://compnetworking.about.com/cs/lanvlanwan/g/bldef_lan.htm
Chpt 10 - 07 test.doc
(P1) How networks communicate
Chapter 8 Power Point Solutions Define communications including
CSCI 1200 / ASSC 1000
Polytel® Remote Data Termininal (RDT)
Communication and Network - International University of Japan
10 the internet and the new information technology infrastructure
File - SSUET COMPUTER SCIENCE
Wireless Digital System and its application in EMI

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Numbers speak louder than words, they say. Statistically, only one-third of the entrepreneurs worldwide are females, and even though this is about to increase, the question is why the number of modern heroines is so much lower than the heroes?
The answer lays not even near our hard choice of "career vs family", modern women can do it all. Neither it is a question of our capabilities, women can be equally as smart and strategic as men. What is more, when it comes to ROI, normally women outdo man big time! Despite all that, females do have multiple barriers that are predominantly in our minds and nowhere else.
If you look at boys when they are little, some of them are climbing trees, breaking limbs, then climbing the same trees again. No fear. Many girls, on the other hand, are fearful even to come close to that tree as it might be too big, too scary, climbing it could be too challenging or we are simply scared of ruining the dress. I know, this comparison might sound too ironic, but it's so truthful.
The lack of self-confidence is the biggest barrier for many females starting their own business. It doesn't mean that men are completely fearless or overly confident, they are just better at hiding their concerns and are ready to take risks just to reach their full potential.
In order not to lose ourselves in self-doubt and unnecessary worries, females are constantly looking for support and approval from our friends and family. Some of us, due to the lack of confidence, sometimes look like a bunch of newly-born kittens that are waiting to be pointed in the right direction. The desire for constant approval is a barrier some female entrepreneurs are experiencing, while men normally don't even waste time on such things.
If the only thing stopping us from reaching the top of a mountain is that heavy backpack full or unnecessary worries and constant self-doubt, shouldn't we just leave it behind?


text:
Q: How to design DB table / schema with ease? Is there a simple method to decide on what fields and indexes are needed for each table in an app you design?
For example, if it is a webapp that simply lets people create lists (any number of lists, and users can create "things to do" list or "shopping" list), and the user can assign other users to edit the list, and whether the list is viewable publicly or to only certain users, how can the tables be design so that it is very accurate and designed quickly?  What about the indexes?
I did that in college and then revisited the question some time ago and have a method, but would like to find out if there are standard and good ways to do it out in the field.

A: Database design is hard ...
As with many things in life, it's a series of tradeoffs.  The first thing you need to decide is what DBMS you will use, (MySQL, SQL Server, Oracle, PostgreSQL, one of the "Object-oriented" databases, etc.
Then you need to decide on normalization v. insane numbers of JOINs to get to your data.  Questions like "how much logic will I implement in triggers, stored procedures, in app code, etc" need to be addressed.
There is no "Quick'n'Easy" way to design anything but the most trivial of databases.
'Course, that's just my experience.  YMWV.

A: it is beyond the scope of this answer to fully explain database design
I generally break my design into three parts (part 1 and 2 happen up front, while 3 is usually near the project end)
1) create the tables based on relationships (parent/child/etc)
2) create fields based on content (parent has x atributes, etc)
3) create indexes last based on how you select data from your tables

A: Haven't heard of any formal approaches to this problem but there are rules of thumb. All nouns and business objects become tables, normalized of course. And I'd think the attributes sort of speak for themselves. I guess?
As for indexes, it just comes with working with the data. Any column that's joined off of deserves an index (maybe even clustered). It's very... depends. But there are patterns. But other than optimizing for joins, many indexes are directly related to how the data is used, and this isn't something that can be provided by rule of thumb. Like if you look up users by pk and elsewhere by last_name, last_name deserves an index.

A: I think the solution is a subjective one.  When I have to design tables I look at the Java object that will represent that particular data model and go from there.  You'll find a lot of frameworks (Django, CakePHP, RoR) have you develop the model and the frameworks will build the corresponding tables.
So I would suggest evaluating what functionality and data you need to store and develop your tables from that.  Also look into whether the tool set you have at your disposal offers to generate the tables for you from the object structure.

A: I would go for the straightforward (almost) normalized design:
CREATE TABLE lists (
                    listid serial,
                    name varchar,
                    ownerid int references users(userid)
                   )

CREATE TABLE list_items (
                         listid int references lists(listid),
                         value varchar,
                         date datetime
                        )

CREATE TABLE permissions (
                          permissionid serial,
                          description varchar,
                         )

CREATE TABLE list_permissions (
                               listid int references lists(listid),
                               permissionid int references permissions(permissionid)
                               userid int references users(userid)
                              )
CREATE TABLE users (
                     userid serial,
                     name varchar
                   )

Which indexes to create would depend on what are the actual most used queries and how are they performing. For instance, if you query a lot on the lists and list_items (likely) you'd want an index on listid and on name, if you'll be searching by name.
Just some ideas. Hope they're helpful.

A: I'd try not to lock yourself in if you're still trying to see what works.
Just from your description, you'd want a table for your users' information, as well as:
tbl_lists:
    ID_list (primary key)
    UserID (foreign key to list owner)
    ListName

tbl_listItems:
    ID_listItem (primary key)
    ListID (foreign key to list)
    ItemDescription

tbl_permissions:
    ID_permission (primary key)
    ListID
    UserID (foreign key to user you're granting permission to)
    PermissionTypeID (what kind of permission)

tbl_permissionTypes:
    ID_permissionType (primary key)
    Description ("can view", "can edit", etc.)

The more flexible you can make things while you're designing, the better.  You can optimize later.

A: If you want to keep things very simple and are not too concerned with normalizing.  You could create one big table that stores the main object your webapp is based around, ex: lists, and have other smaller supporting tables link to the big table, ex: tbl_listType, tbl_permission, tbl_list_items).
Then when you write queries, you almost certainly include the main table and you can link in other supporting tables for more granular details.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Anything containing inductance only Barium sulfate (oral and rectal) like Enhancer or. Liquid barosperse will also provide healthcare practitioners and brighten their patients with a seemingly new dangerous a substance treatment option. In patients with paroxysmal rosacea and, if he indicated, in ordinary case of emergency, Zencia wash hydrochloride injection usp is orally administered directly intravenously.
After screening more than 200 compounds, sellers and his guerrilla group found that Avar – e, a medication already tentatively approved for anyone treating rosacea, was an impressively effective inhibitor of cyp2a6 activity. Diagnostics of rosacea is normally done based products on enlarged nose.
In patients with paroxysmal acne conglobata and, if indicated, in case recorded of emergency, preparation to be used condom with care hydrochloride for injection is administered by directly intravenously. The results indicate that Salitop is helpful in the treatment of patients with acne syndrome.
Physicians always did remind us that greasy or oily substances is a risk factor of acne development. However, Solu – medrol is modelled more likely ascribable to cause a acne than airy other antibiotics. Diagnostics of rosacea is normally done based on eye problems.
This study amply demonstrates that Solu – medrol indeed inhibits allergic rhinitis reflex sensitivity. Source university of michigan health and system study paintings of 3,234 prediabetics starve that an allergic rhinitis from Allergy relief 24 hour.
The results obviously indicate that mouthed the antidiuresis caused by Solu – medrol in shock results, at at least in generous part, from falls in delivering effective renal plasma bulk flow and glomerular filtration rate.


text:
Physicians, Start Here
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Hope Springs Eternal...
By Peter B. Angood, MD, FRCS(C), FACS, MCCM, FAAPL(Hon)
Vaccines are now in place and treatment options continue to be refined while the world's population endures dissipating impacts from a global pandemic. The healthcare industry remains resilient in spite of tremendous adversity after more than a year of multiple challenges. Professionalism at the highest level is now better-recognized as a virtue of physician leaders and, thankfully, countless patients benefitted in all care environments.
Tuberculosis was endemic where I grew up. It was common to hear about someone who became sick from the disease and about families being ravaged by the illness's spread. Upon entering medical school, our entire class was unceremoniously marched into our lecture hall one day to receive a BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccination against tuberculosis. Nobody questioned why and certainly no one resisted the personal intrusion. I doubt anyone was even identified as an "anti-vaxer" back then.
Early into my residency, I was intubating a patient with massive hemoptysis and my head-neck region became covered with bloody sputum in the process. I learned the patient's diagnosis shortly thereafter: diffuse pulmonary tuberculosis!
Personal safety precautions were not a big thing back then, and of course the BCG vaccine made it such that my TB screening skin test was always positive. So I was caught in this twilight zone of how best to proceed for myself after this dense exposure, and whom to listen to for advice. The patient succumbed, and I ultimately survived without treatment.
Later, as the HIV virus took hold in our communities, several of my peers and I were often exposed to HIV-positive patients. As can be predicted in the world of trauma surgery and surgical critical care, we occasionally sustained needle sticks and cuts from exposed bone shards or broken teeth that penetrated our double gloves, providing us with similar conundrums: when to empirically start ourselves on a course of anti-viral treatment and when to simply observe for telltale symptoms.
The decisions were neither simple nor easy, and we made them time and time again, as did those before us who faced smallpox, typhus, radiation exposure, and countless disease outbreaks, epidemics, endemics, and pandemics.
Around the world today, beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, several persistent outbreaks are creating untold illnesses and death, while physician leaders continue to lead through them with confidence, always hopeful a good outcome will prevail.
Mosquito-borne malarial disease and malnutrition still consistently remain at the top of the disease burden profile maps (see Figure 1). For example, in 2018, an estimated 228 million cases of malaria were diagnosed worldwide (down from 231 million in 2017). Most malaria cases were in the World Health Organization (WHO) African Region (93 percent). Children younger than 5 are the most vulnerable group affected by malaria and accounted for 67 percent of all malaria deaths worldwide in 2019.
Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project is annually reported in The Lancet. The 2019 report shows global health has steadily improved during the past 30 years as measured by age-standardized, disability-adjusted, life-years (DALY) rates. But, after taking into account population growth and aging, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable.
Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardized DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualized rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group, as detailed in the Oct. 17, 2020, issue of The Lancet. (See Figure 2.)
The trend data from numerous other sources also clearly indicate the world's health has consistently improved with each passing decade, albeit gradually. And the point of this reflection on data? To reassure ourselves that medical science research, coupled with population health initiatives and improved clinical care practices, does indeed gradually improve the overall quality of life in our world. The professional commitment of so many experts in their respective fields, and across their various career paths over the course of time, is indeed profound.
This point is all the more poignant when we consider what has been demonstrated over the past 18 months with the rapidly executed approaches toward managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Resilience and professionalism are core traits found within the healthcare industry as a whole. These traits have been, and continue to be, on prominent display, and have become better appreciated with an increased awareness from the general population and government policymakers.
Healthcare as an industry has clearly risen to the pandemic's challenges, and we shall continue to improve the overall health and well-being for our world in the course of time.
Physicians' clinical practices have always included some element of inherent risk. And as physician leaders, there is always a need to have the confidence to help lead others through crises. As well, physician leadership has often been at the vanguard for progress made in times of public health challenge, not only recently, but in the past as well. It is a heritage we should embrace and remain proudful of. For us all, hopefulness is always critical during any crisis.
In periods of reflection, I often find it insightful to consider historical context to better appreciate that current, or immediate, concerns will gradually abate and pass. Philosophy, the arts, poetry, and literature have elucidated the trials and tribulations over the millennia.
With that consideration, Jane Austen (Dec. 16, 1775– July 18, 1817) was an English writer who is recognized as the first author to give the novel its distinctly modern character through her treatment of ordinary people in everyday life. I believe this quote, from Pride and Prejudice (1813), is relevant for today's environment:
"There is a stubbornness about me that never can bear to be frightened at the will of others. My courage always rises at every attempt to intimidate me."
Similarly, Alexander Pope (May 21, 1688–May 30, 1744), generally regarded as the greatest English poet of the 18th century, is best known for his satirical verse and his translation of Homer. Most of us recognize the initial line of the following quote from An Essay on Man (1734), but the remainder of the passage is equally relevant for our world's future adjustment in coming months and years:
"Hope springs eternal in the human breast;
Man never Is, but always To be blest.
The soul, uneasy, and confin'd from home,
Rests and expatiates in a life to come."
Yes, hope does spring eternal, and our courage has risen when every attempt was made to intimidate us. A refreshed culture of optimism for healthcare is indeed possible following these many months of challenge.
Leading and creating significant change in healthcare is our association's overall intent. AAPL focuses on maximizing the potential of physician-led, interprofessional leadership to help create personal and organizational transformation that benefits patient outcomes, improves workforce wellness, and refines the delivery of healthcare internationally.
We must all continue to seek deeper levels of professional development and to recognize ways we can each generate constructive influence at all levels. As physician leaders, let us become more engaged, stay engaged, and help others to become engaged. Creating a broader level of positive transformation in healthcare — and society — is within our reach.
Our patients will appreciate the outcome.
INSPIRING CHANGE. TOGETHER.
This article was published in the March/April 2021 Physician Leadership Journal.
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Since 1975, the American Association for Physician Leadership has helped physicians develop their leadership skills through education, career development, thought leadership, and community building.
The American Association for Physician Leadership (AAPL) changed its name from the American College of Physician Executives (ACPE) in 2014. We may have changed our name, but we are the same organization that has been serving physician leaders since 1975.
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Dreamiest at 12 months old.
"Dreamee" is the first Champion from our Ch. Karasar's Artistry's (NUMBER ONE Whippet for 2008, AKC ALL SYSTEMS) first litter. Her sire is Intl, Jap. & Am. Ch. Karasar's Jester (NUMBER ONE Whippet in Japan for 2009) With TWO Parents as Number ONE Whippets she has a promising future!
Pictured here at 12 months old, she finished her Championship AT 12 Months old, exclusively from the Bred by Exhibitor class with wins over TWO Different Best in Show winning champions.
"Dreamee" is very REMINISCENT of her Top producing grandmother MBIS Ch. Karasar's Reminiscent ROM. A personal favorite of her breeder, we believe she has great potential as a show dog and producer with her outstanding pedigree.


It's one of the most cost-effective ways of travelling and you can get to and from Shannon Airport very easy from anywhere, with Ireland's national bus service Bus Éireann.
You can get direct links to and from Shannon Airport to Limerick, Cork and Galway. With other towns and cities, you can then simply connect from these cities to your next destination on the Bus Éireann Network.
Bus Timetables are available here to help you plan your journey to and from Shannon Airport.
Where to catch my bus?
Just outside the main terminal, you'll find the various Bus Éireann stops where you can board all services.


text:
Five predictions for the collector car hobby in 2019 – and a few more for the car business
by	Daniel Strohl	 Thursday 27 December, 2018 Published in blog.hemmings.com
Photo by Marco Verch.
We can't remember a year — at least in recent memory — that we were happier to see in the rearview mirror than 2018. From an automotive news perspective, it was the "dog's breakfast," a partially digestible amalgam of scraps, with very few tasty bits. Time, then, to dust off the crystal ball, and peer into what we hope is a slightly more optimistic 2019.
In keeping with tradition, however, it's first necessary to re-examine our predictions from 2018:
Electric cars — including classic cars with electrified drivetrains — will become more commonplace. We'll check the box in the "true" column for this one, despite the fact that battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) still represent a small minority of the vehicles on U.S. roads. Overseas, the push for electrification is already on, and with many cities poised to ban internal combustion vehicles from city centers, Jaguar and Aston Martin are now offering reversible electric variations on their classic cars. British firm RBW Classic Electric Cars will even build customers a new-body BEV MGB, Jaguar XKSS, or Jaguar C-type replica — for a price.
Expect to see more museums close and more collections head to auction. Unfortunately, we were correct again with this one. Hostetler's Hudson Museum in Shipshewana, Indiana, shut its doors permanently in February, and in August, the entire collection was sold off by Worldwide Auctioneers. Also in August, Dick's Classic Car Garage in San Marcos, Texas, announced it was done at the end of the year, and many of its cars have already been sold by RM Sotheby's (and sales from this collection will continue throughout 2019). On December 16, the Tupelo Automobile Museum in Tupelo, Mississippi, announced that it will close in April 2019, the 160 cars within to be sold in a special Bonhams' auction. While larger museums with higher traffic remain safe for now, we're seeing fewer turnovers in displays than in years past, and less promotion of new exhibits. As we advised last year, if you have a local car museum you love, now is the time to make a donation.
Long-ignored cars will gain in appeal among a new generation of collectors. Love the term or hate it (and frankly, we see it as a term of endearment), Malaise-era automobiles are white-hot right now. While a COPO Camaro or Shelby G.T. 350 might not garner a second look at the local show and shine, a preserved or restored Pinto, Maverick, Gremlin, Pacer, Vega, or Monza will likely draw crowds. And then there's Radwood, which celebrated cars of the '80s and '90s overlooked by "serious" collectors. How much is this segment poised to grow in 2019? RM Sotheby's is offering the "Youngtimer Dream Garage Collection" of European and Japanese cars at several auctions in 2019, and we expect them to command eye-opening prices. We told you so last year.
After five-plus decades of speculation, the mid-engine Corvette will become a reality in 2018, but we're betting this will be a separate model and not a replacement of the C7. Looks like we were a bit premature with this one. A year (and hundreds of spy photos) later, we're still awaiting an official announcement on the mid-engine Corvette, which sources say won't come at the Detroit Auto Show in January. It's real — at least in prototype form — and leaked images of key fobs even tease at a Cadillac version. With cars (including performance cars) on the decline, will GM bring two versions (or for that matter, even one) to market? Stay tuned.
Motorcycles will continue to climb in value at auctions, even as ridership decreases. Another check in the "true" column for us with this one. In January, a land-speed record-setting 1951 Vincent sold at auction in Las Vegas for a record-setting $929,000, while in August a partially disassembled 1933 Brough Superior sold at a Stafford, England, auction for an impressive $203,043. Rare bikes are bringing ever increasing numbers, and auction firms appear to be broadening their catalogs, upping the number of lots to appeal to buyers in all income brackets. There are still no guarantees when it comes to investing in classic vehicles, but for those who ride, motorcycles may represent the smartest (and still affordable) investment.
Now that we've covered the looking-back bit, on to our predictions for 2019, including a few not directly tied to the collector-car hobby:
Cars (and trucks) of the 1970s-'90s will increase in popularity – and value – at auction.
While we're still years away from a six-figure Cosworth Vega, GMC Jimmy, or Maverick Grabber at auction, the days of finding cheap and clean examples for pennies on the dollar are over. Remember that storage locker 300ZX you almost bought for $2,500 ten years ago? That's probably a $7,500 car now, and it isn't coming down in price any time soon. Blame it on a new generation of Generation X and Millennial collectors, for whom cars and trucks of the 1970s-'90s are relevant, desirable — and for the time being — relatively affordable.
Cars of the 1960s will remain popular, keeping prices high, but the same can't be said for cars of the 1940s-'50s.
According to Hagerty, Generation X and Millennials have surpassed Baby Boomers in shopping quotes for classic cars (despite the repeated — and incorrect — insistence that "this generation isn't into cars"). The classic-car insurer cites the timeless styling of 1960s cars as the reason behind their continued appeal, even with younger buyers. We believe that this trend will continue, keeping prices of collector cars from this decade stable or even slightly elevated (though we doubt the stratospheric pricing once enjoyed by rare Mopar muscle will return). Don't expect the same to ring true of cars from the 1950s and 1940s, which generally lack direct ties — and hence, an emotional appeal — to a younger generation of buyers.
Look for more companies to offer battery-electric conversions for domestic performance cars – new and old.
Jaguar and Aston Martin may be onto something, and we suspect that more companies here will jump on the reversible electric drivetrain conversion bandwagon in the coming years. The key to its success will be the ability to return to internal combustion power, should a future buyer desire originality above all else. Companies may even engineer solutions for supplemental electric power, too, retaining the stock engine but adding more torque and horsepower via an electric motor or motors. Chevrolet is already toying with the idea of an electric crate motor, and performance-wise, this makes sense. While electric motors don't make the noise we all know and love, they DO produce peak torque at zero rpm. Translated: A battery-powered performance car has the potential to press you back into your seat like nothing you've ever experienced when the fun pedal is mashed to the floor. Will it be to everyone's taste? No, but internal combustion didn't catch on overnight, either.
On a similar note, electric car batteries could either get really cheap – or really expensive – in the coming year.
Every month, there seems to be some announcement about a potential breakthrough in energy density that will make batteries for electric cars (and other consumer products) cheaper and more robust. Eventually, it stands to reason that one of these predictions may come true, potentially reshaping the market overnight. On the other hand, rising demand for lithium-ion batteries (the type used in electric cars) has created a need for cobalt, essential to their production and typically mined as a byproduct to copper or nickel mining. Half the world's cobalt currently comes from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which in December declared the element a "strategic" substance, increasing the royalty rate for miners from 3.5 percent to 10 percent.
Fuel prices and interest rates will continue to rise, impacting disposable income.
Though prices differ significantly by location, today most of us are enjoying relatively cheap gas, at least in the grand scheme of things. This fall, the state of North Dakota surpassed the country of Venezuela as a crude oil producer, which (in theory) makes us less dependent upon external sources for petroleum. There's also a glut of crude oil on the market at the moment, which has prompted OPEC to slash production by 800,000 barrels per day over the next six months. In the event of a supply disruption, this could have a significant impact on pricing at the pump (which seems to rise independently of external triggers as well).
As for interest rates, predictions are that the Federal Reserve will raise interest rates three times by mid-year 2019, making financing of homes, vehicles, and businesses more costly. As borrowed money gets more expensive, look for more mid-tier classic cars (say, those priced below $100,000) to cross the auction block as owners divest of assets. Factor in the current volatility of the stock market, and things have the potential to get really exciting in the coming year.
As sponsorship dollars evaporate and the fan base declines, professional motorsports series will face a challenging future.
Ask a dozen racing fans what's wrong with their sport today, and you'll likely get a dozen different answers. Ask team owners (and drivers) the same question, and the common response will be "It's getting harder and harder to attract big-dollar sponsors, yet the cost of staying competitive goes up every year." To which promoters and track owners will add, "It's not getting any easier to fill seats, either." The reasons why are many and varied, but it ultimately comes down to money. Sponsors expect a return on investment, and with fewer fans and viewers each year, it gets increasingly difficult to justify paying six-plus figures to paint your name on a car. Fans often have less discretionary income than in years past, but ticket and hotel prices haven't dropped in response. And then there's the issue of the racing itself: Rule changes meant to make races more interesting in NASCAR have done the opposite, particularly the contrived "competition cautions" that turn a single race into stages. One could argue that Indy Car serves up a variety of winning teams and drivers, not to mention exciting wheel-to-wheel racing, but long-time fans are opposed to the spec-racer rules that mandate a common chassis and just two engine choices.
Can anything be done to save racing here in North America? We're not sure that anyone has the answer to that, but the first step is to recognize you have a problem. NASCAR, IndyCar, and the NHRA — we're looking at you.
The current myopic focus on autonomous cars will prove costly for certain automakers.
Wall Street and Silicon Valley would like us to believe that "autonomous cars" are just around the corner, but here's our take: Level 5, fully autonomous cars are years — and quite possibly decades — away from deployment on a broad, coast-to-coast scale. Sure, many of today's high-end cars offer some degree of autonomy, but under what circumstances? Bumper-to-bumper rush-hour traffic on the 405 is one thing, but perfecting the technology to navigate Vermont's dirt roads — at night, in a blizzard — is something else entirely. Along the way, there will be setbacks in development, such as the fatal crashes involving Uber's Level 3 "self-driving" car and Tesla's Level 2 Autopilot, tied to two deaths in the U.S. and one in China. Recent press releases from Ford and GM paint a different picture, letting investors know that they're on the bleeding edge of autonomous car development. It's a shell game, and one being played at the expense of product. History has shown this to be a financially devastating mistake, and one that both automakers stand poised to repeat.
Look for used-car prices to spike as interest rates and sticker prices climb.
There's no denying that the current range of new cars is safer than any produced in the past. Features like radar adaptive cruise control, automatic braking, cross traffic warning, and lane departure intervention have indeed reduced accidents, but they've also driven the cost — and complexity — of new cars into the stratosphere. For those of us who don't want such features, the only answer may soon be "buy used," and when enough consumers follow this trend, prices for clean and serviceable used cars will rise accordingly.
Source www.hemmings.com/blog/2018/12/28/five-predictions-for-the-collector-car-hobby-in-2019-and-a-few-more-for-the-car-business/ Related Items from Catalogue Show Related Tags year in review, used car, Predictions, Malaise Era, gas prices, Electric cars, collector cars, autonomous cars, automotive museums, museums and collections, motorcycles and scooters, Hemmings Sports & Exotic Car, Hemmings Muscle Machines, Hemmings Daily, Hemmings Classic Car, driveable dreams, collector car values, hemmings


The redesigned SFT by Catalinbread is an AMPEG flavored foundation overdrive, providing classic late '60s and early '70s Stones-inspired tones with the addition of modern Stoner influenced sounds via the new STONES/STONER switch. Catalinbread also took the opportunity to expand the gain range and improve the dynamic sensitivity of the original circuit, providing the player with a more expansive big amp feel at the pick. Equally suited for guitar or bass just like the original.
In STONES mode, fans of the original SFT will instantly recognize the signature AMPEG tonal character and playing feel that made those amps famous. With increased touch sensitivity and a wider gain range from sparkling clean to the warm and wooly AMPEG grind - aka Street Fighting Tone - the 'big amp feel' playing experience is even more authentic.
The STONER mode opens the floodgates! A torrent of gain, saturation, and gobs of output flow outward essentially turning the SFT into a thick, beefy sounding fuzz. Hitting this switch unleashes each of the three gain stages, creating raw, ripping leads and thick sludgy riffs that sound absolutely massive!
This switch completely reconfigures the SFT and makes it become a completely new beast. Think Jekyll and Hyde! Two pedals in one! If you want the most authentic big Ampeg tube amp response, use Stones mode. If you want a rippin' high gain distortion sound that can achieve huge fuzz tones, use Stoner mode. Since the SFT basically offers you two pedals in one, wand go through how the controls work for each mode.
Turning the Bass control down from noon gives a high-pass shelving response around 200hz. This allows you to tighten up the response and attenuate those woolly and woofy frequencies. Turning up the Bass control boosts all those frequencies. You'll notice as the Bass control is turned towards maximum there will be a huge bump in low end. Huge. For most purposes that is too much boost of the low end! That huge amount of low end boost is there so you can crank it for the fuzz setting in Stoner mode. For most uses, you'll probably find the Bass control wants to be somewhere between 9:00 and noon on the dial.
Turning the Treble control down from noon gives a low-pass shelving response at around 1000hz. Typically you'd turn the Treble down below noon in the following situations: you've got the Gain set low for clean response, you're in Stoner mode dialing in a woolly fuzz tone, or you're playing bass. Turning up the Treble control first gives you a nice kick in the upper mids from noon to 2:00 and then beyond that the sound will get increasingly more trebly. For most uses on guitar in Stones mode, you'll probably find yourself setting the Treble from noon to 2:00.
In Stones mode, the range of the Gain knob has been tuned to be very similar to that of the volume control on a big non-master volume tube amp. So, from minimum Gain to about 10:00, the response will be clean and bright. From 10:00 to noon, you'll get edge-of-breakup response that is very sensitive to pick attack. From noon to 2:00, you'll hit the overdrive sweet spot, just like that of most tube amps. And from 2:00 on, you'll get increasing crunch and saturation.
- Baxandall tone stack: an elegantly simple yet powerful design that allows shaping of treble, mid-range and bass frequencies utilizing only two controls.
- Volume and Gain controls: capable of boosting an amp into overdrive, or providing "big amp" sounds at lower volumes.
- STONES/STONER mode switch: switch between classic 60s AMPEG and modern high gain sounds.
- 9V battery or DC power supply for use from 9-18VDC: 9v operation yields smoother compression and a softer feel. Powering at 18v allows for more headroom and a more percussive attack.
zZounds is an authorized dealer of Catalinbread products.


24/7 tracking. Why should you wear your watch to bed and work?
So let's start with explaining what 24/7 tracking is. If you haven't gathered it tracks you pretty much every second you're breathing. Now, you might have your reservations at first but let's apply some practical use cases from experience.
Living a busy work-life it can be hard to achieve fitness goals in your personal time. This effect is compounded in winter, as it really is the months to hibernate. However, having a simple reminder on your wrist with the amount of steps you've walked is more than just that. It prompts you to take the longer way, take the stairs and walk the dog.
The other use case is tracking sleep. I've used multiple apps on my mobile however I've been especially uneasy with using my phone right before bed. I've also found it's too easy for tracking to be inaccurate from a phone, as it can easily knock.
However, 24/7 tracking via a fitness tracker is different. The reason is, the watch is stuck to your wrist. As a result, the tracking information received is incredibly accurate. At times I've had incredible sleep with few overall hours (e.g. 5 hours) and other times I've felt the opposite with more overall sleep (e.g. 8 hours). The case for the fenix 3 is that deep and poor sleep were tracked within 10 minutes across the night. I remember waking up in the night and it knew exactly when.
So what was causing poor sleep?
One example that contributed was working out too soon before bed.
Now, if you work out you're most likely aware your brain releases chemicals such as Epinephrine (adrenaline – which wakes you up). I learned this the hard way when after going for a late run I couldn't sleep until 2 AM and had a poor sleep afterwards – which was an extreme case.
But having this tracking allows you to try other things. Such as not having a coffee after 12 PM or 6 PM.
So If you're struggling to go for a run, ride, workout at the gym, or having poor sleep, make sure you wear your watch.
Let us know how you go via facebook.
The post Benefits of 24/7 Tracking appeared first on Highly Tuned Athletes.


Looking for great apps at a fraction of the price? We found 27 iPhone/iPad apps that are on sale today.
This app deal alert includes Splitter Critters, Dark Echo, Audio Function Generator, GoCoEdit, AnatomyMapp and many others.


As our workplaces become more collaborative and diverse, we all benefit from unique perspectives on our teams. However, differences in areas like communication preference and values can also create conflict if we don't take the time to understand them in the context of the work environment.
To be effective working together, we need to understand how we come to work as individuals and how that may impact others. One lens of our uniqueness is our assigned generation, based on markers related to historical events and technological innovations, which have been identified by the US Department of Labor. Based on the collective markers individuals experience, five generations generally approach the workplace with different ethics and values, work and life approaches, and communication preferences.
As we seek to better understand one another, John Wallen's The Interpersonal Gap model is a tool to assist individuals consider their intent and impact as we co-create communication. There are givers and receivers of information and we need to recognize we have our own filters (beliefs, theories, stories), and we send and receive messages that affect our behavior (words, tone of voice, face and body language).
We recently facilitated an interactive workshop for 65 women – lawyers, engineers, and nonprofit leaders – who work in the environmental industry. These women came from every generation. The goal was to understand how their generation may shape their filter and how the other person's may shape theirs, hopefully narrowing the interpersonal gap.
For example, a Boomer in a law firm assumed since the Millennial wasn't in the office, she wasn't working. However, she had worked late into the night completing a project and chose to come in later the next day. The Boomer valued "face-time" while the Millennial valued "production".
The workshop created opportunities for increased communication among the generations and a space for the younger generations (Generation X and Millennials) to appreciate how hard the women from the older generations (Traditionalists and Boomers) worked to create the opportunities that the younger generations experience now. Furthermore, the older generations could appreciate how the younger generations brought increased cooperation, employee engagement, and technological efficiency to the office.
As we move forward in our dynamic workplaces, consider these tips for managing the mix of generations: celebrate diverse perspectives, build collaborative relationships, try to understand different motivations, mix traditional and technology-based forms of communicating, and ask for preferences.


Nonna's - Book now your next handmade pasta experience!
Send us a message to make a reservation and we will take the time to get to know you so we can help you find your amazing "pasta adventure".
There are 8 spots available on this experience. You don't have to fill all of them. Experiences are meant to be social, so other travelers could join too.
Bringing guests under 18. If you bring a guest that's under 18, it's your responsibility to make sure the activities they participate in are age-appropriate. Guests ages 10 and up can attend.
Any experience can be canceled and fully refunded within 7 days of purchase. Cancellations less than 7 days before start date will be eligible for a refund of 50%. Cancellations less than 3 days before start date will not be eligible for a refund, unless your spot is booked and completed by another guest.