Fr Zed acutely reminds us* of the strange statement by the Holy Father at the start of the Year of Mercy that the Faithful could go to Confession to priests of the SSPX. Father pointed out that this, apparently, was not a formal and juridical granting of faculties. Indeed, it appears that it was not.
However, such a statement by a Roman Pontiff must inevitably create a common opinion that those clergy must have faculties to absolve, otherwise the Vicar of Christ would not have urged the laity to visit their confessionals. And Canon 144 makes clear that in cases of common error, the Church supplies the necessary jurisdiction. Hence there can be no doubt about the validity of such absolutions, however peculiarly roundabout the canonical means adopted by the Pope to achieve this end.
It would, surely, be simplest, in this age when so few are accustomed to make use of this sacrament, if every priest had jurisdiction to absolve vi ordinationis unless he had been explicitly denied that jurisdiction by a competent tribunal or superior, and except where the law itself witholds jurisdiction in the case of particular offences. I am surprised that 'liberals' do not agitate for this. Is it because they don't care about Confession?
If the Holy Father wishes to leave a real Monument of his Year Of Mercy, I think this modest canonical adjustment would demonstrate serious intent.
A broad solution of the status of the Society would be even more significant.
UPDATE I wrote this piece after reading Fr Zed's piece on Tuesday 15 of this month. There are more exotic rumours afloat now!
I know one should not look a Guest Horse in the Mouth ... but I would scratch my head a bit, and meditate upon Vergil's alliterative warning about Danai and their dona, if a 'regularisation' were to be accompanied by either (1) "We've let these chaps off believing loads of Vatican II so it's only fair to let the other lot off believing most of the Catholic Faith; or (2) "Now that I've been Merciful to these liturgical eccentrics in their irrelevant ghetto, we don't want any more of that ad Orientem et cetera stuff in the mainstream Church."
Do you think that Rome will final grant the SSPX canonical status in the Catholic Church? They should! It would be the Church's loss if the SSPX were not allowed some sort of personal prelature or something similar. It Papa Bergolio is sincere about saving souls, then he should allow this priestly fraternity to have canonical status in the Church.
"and except where the law itself witholds jurisdiction in the case of particular offences"
If Le Pen is elected, ambassadorial postings to Italy and the Vatican will be of interest. A youthful former member of the French armed services asking questions about contemporary Roman attitudes towards the Society may not be welcomed. We are living in the best and worst of times.
I am sure that you will have seen Rorate's brief statement to the effect that unless a surprise occurs, the Holy Father's letter to be released Monday will say something about the SSPX. Rumors are running rampant that it might even be the erection of the anticipated prelature, but we must await the release of the letter to know. Oremus--and hard.
I had a largely internet free weekend short break. Now this is something surprising to return to. I thought the Dubia and developments was the only show in town for the moment. We'll find out soon.
Konstantin said..."'and except where the law itself witholds jurisdiction in the case of particular offences'. I assume you mean other offenses beyond being ordained without dimissorial letters..."
The Catholic bishops of the U.S. allowed Chinese priests of the communist Patriotic Association to minister in Catholic parishes for many years, and with full knowledge of the Vatican.
It is an established fact, easily demonstrated, and reported in the U.S. Catholic press years ago.
I am not sorry that the Year of Mercy has ended and the doors have been shut. As it was run, it caused much confusion.
Mercy is reserved to Christ at the Last Judgement and all that we have to know about forgiving our neighbour is set out quite precisely in the Our Father . We do not need anything else.
They will only be allowed in order to gain control.They are currently one of the fastest growing groups in Christianity. PF will do to them what has been done to the FSSP. SPX!! run!!
An update from Rorate says that their sources indicate that the letter will only grant some extension on confessions. As much as one wishes for more radical action regularising the Society, it makes sense that the complete regularisation would occur only upon joint agreement as to the structure and statutes of the prelature, or at least a fairly extensive heads of agreement addressing key issues, such as appointment of the prelate and possibly other bishops, relationship with local ordinaries, and the like. I forget what happened exactly with Campos, but believe it was the heads of Agreement, followed afterwards by the approval of statutes.
I share your fears. I note today the Pope's criticism of the cardinals submitting the "dubia". It seems it is only "excessive legalism" when it challenges his views. It is fine, it appears, to be (falsely) legalistic over "ad orientem" and the Friars Immaculate...I could go on.
I would be uneasy about the sacrament of penance not requiring faculties. I think the more regulation surrounding it the better. You do have renegade priests and the Bishop has an active information wire which he can use for due diligence checks. So I think it quite important to keep the faculties rule.
When I read the report of Pope Francis's assurance that the faithful could attend confessions with SSPX priests, I was of the opinion (possibly erroneously) that his mere assurance does not make it so and that he would have to grant faculties. Since I heard no further report of faculties being granted and knowing that PF says all sorts of strange things and then the opposite I was of the view that I could not attend a doubtful sacrament. Is it possible for me to decide to go to SSPX confession under canon law because there exists this "common error" rule, or must I also be unaware of the facts of the matter to be covered by the common error. If I know for sure that the Pope has not issued faculties to the society priest am I covered by rule on the basis that some people might not be aware that he had not? Must the Pope issue faculties at all? It seems to me this is is like an invention of a new rite where we can be sure of our sins being forgiven on the word of a Pope against the traditions of the Church, is that too harsh?
Have you read St Faustina's Diary "Divine Mercy in My Soul"?
Have you read St Faustian's Diary, "Divine Mercy in My Soul"?
No, and too busy now. Summary please?
I think it is because they would not have the slightest idea what you are talking about.Most would probably be scratching their heads. Their stream of consciousness would probably go something like this. "What on earth is this priest taing about? Faculties? SSPX? Confession? Do people still do that? I guess some people do but my conscience tells me that I do not have to do that. God is Loving. He understands....the concept of sin is so outdated....Ah well ...nevermmind"
After Vatican II, we were not well cqtechized. not even the nuns and priest.... and we still aren't. For the most part, it is the 'Spirit of Vatican II' that has ruled and led the way since then. At least that is how it is in the USA. Most do not even understand that there are basic tenets of the faith that must be believed in order to be catholic. They believe everything is up to your conscience- and a 'well formed' conscience has nothing to do with it.the beliefs of most of 'faithful' spring from a hermeneutic of rupture . To understand the faith since Vatican II in a hermeneutic of continuity would actually be wrong to them. That was how it used to be. That is not how it is now. For someone of my generation (61) to understand the true faith, they have to have actively and consciously sought to learn it as an adult. They have to have researched it for themselves. But even before that , there would have to something happen in their lives to make them see that there was even a need to learn their faith. Most of us don't even know that we don't know it.


"One of the most exciting shifts in the Common Core State Standards is the increased use of content-rich, informational text," writes Steve Figurelli and Natalie Franzi at Tchers' Voice .
"As professionals, how often do we read texts that are outside of our comfort zone?" they continue. "Perhaps it was a legal document, a lengthy contract, or 16th Century prose. A lot of time, no doubt, was spent trying to decode the language used. Our human brain only has a finite amount of working memory available at any given time. And when we are reading, our brain is either decoding or comprehending. It can not do both well. The process is uncomfortable. And yet, many of us ask this of our students on a daily basis. It's no wonder they struggle!"
"Preparing our students to be college- and career-ready is our priority. We must help students build the skills necessary to unpack informational texts. A key to this is providing engaging texts that are motivating and meaningful. We must remember the task of teaching informational reading skills does not just rest on the shoulders of ELA teachers. ALL educators are teachers of reading."
The Tchers' Voice blog and Student Achievement Partners share five sites that will help you find these texts with ease and even differentiate the same article for the different learners in your room.
National Center for Families Learning (NCFL) announced the launch of Healthy Family Habits , an online resource dedicated to providing families with real-world ways to establish and hone healthy habits. This new (and completely free) set of materials offers step-by-step guides and downloadable resources for community organizations seeking support in planning and hosting health-literacy events for families.
Connected Educator Month launched on October 1! The CEM Web site is putting up weekly posts with highlighted events you will want to check out for the coming week.
The Connected Educator Month Starter Kit - created by Powerful Learning Practice - has 31 days of connected activities, giving you one simple way to get more connected every day.
Sign up to get all the latest CEM news and follow the blog to keep up with Connected Educator Month events. Join the brainstorming and all the action at #ce15 on Twitter , too!
Teaching Study Strategies: Flashcards for Making Class Content "Stick"
If you were a typical college student, you probably pulled all-nighters cramming for big tests by reading and rereading lecture notes and textbooks. But how long did you retain all that content? According to some research, probably not long using these study techniques. This month's Web-based class activity addresses a couple of key points from this research and introduces you to several online flashcard tools to overcome learning and retention issues.
October 14, 2015 ~ 1 to 2:30 p.m.
October 14, 2015 ~ 3 to 5:00 p.m.
October 16, 2015 ~ 1:30 to 3 p.m.
October 20, 2015 ~ 3 to 4:30 p.m.
October 26, 2015 ~ 3 to 4:30 p.m.
October 28, 2015 ~ 3 to 4:30 p.m.
October 29, 2015 ~ 1 to 2:30 p.m.
October 30, 2015 ~ 2 to 3 p.m.
Friday, Oct 16, 2015 ~ 12 noon to 3p.m.
Free open source learning is what Saylor Academy is all about. They use OER to create courses that students can take and although they are not accredited, it is a great place for students to work at their own pace to learn what they need to learn to succeed in school. As a teacher in an adult school, you might want to use the site for a "flipped classroom" where students will do their studying from home and then enter into discussions the next day in class. In that way, you can check for comprehension of the material presented. There are courses in Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics, and some particularly useful generic courses such as Try College 101 (under Study Skills) that could be useful in a transitions course of study, and some job hunting and job skills courses (under Professional Development) for those looking to start a career.
Easy Essay can teach almost anyone how to logically organize a proof format (essay, speech, business memo) for any fact, concept, or idea in five minutes. This online tool uses an automated, fill-in-the-blanks information organization program to help users of any age develop and write an essay, speech, or report in the "Say it. Prove it. Say you have proven it." format. It is free.
Apparently this site used to charge for it's lesson ideas, but now they are offering them for free. And you don't even have to join unless you want to receive their newsletter. Their lessons are nicely indexed by school subject and age appropriateness. There are Learning Guides to each recommended film describing the benefits of the movie, possible problems, and helpful background. They also have an article on how to set up for a substitute using a movie or parts of a movie along with appropriate readings and other handouts. Then keep it in your back pocket for the inevitable time when you will need it.
This Web site offers the following interactive tools for students: For Chemistry there is an Interactive Periodic Table, a Triple Beam Balance, a Two Pan Balance, a Spring Scale, an applet demonstrating structure and melting/boiling points of alkanes, and an Electron Pyramid. In the Biology section, there are pictures taken through a microscope of many plants, animals, bacteria, etc. as well as an interactive pie chart showing the relative proportions of the various animals and non-animals on the earth. Under Math there is a coin counter (could be good for ESL), and two infographics on the big and small powers of 10.
This is a fun, interactive site to teach students about US and World geography. Games included are: Countries, Capitals, Flags, Continents, Earth, Atmosphere, Oceans, US States, Seas, Lakes, Rivers, Islands, Regions, Straits, Metropolitan Areas, Mountain Ranges, Mountains, Volcanoes, and Deserts. Great for drill and practice or as a competitive class game.
OpenEd offers textbook lesson plans & individual resources per student, and rebuilt quizzes and homework for every CC standard, with remedial resources attached to each question. Students take quizzes, then watch videos or play games to address knowledge gaps whenever they miss a question. You can track your students' progress, receive detailed results, and assign recommended resources tailored to their areas of need. They have many free resources and some premium (paid) resources as well.
Have you been looking for another resource for math videos to help those struggling students? TeacherTube could be that resource. They have hundreds of videos explaining math concepts from basic math to calculus. Just look through their playlists and send your students the link to any videos that will reinforce or present new concepts.
Movie Segments to Assess Grammar Goals contains a series of movie segments and activities to assess or practice grammar points through fun, challenging exercises. There you will find the movie segments, the lesson plans, printable worksheets with answer key for each activity, and the tips to develop your own grammar activities with the DVDs you have at home. New activities are posted regularly. Teaching grammar with movie segments is inspiring and highly motivating.
Select the gear icon at the bottom right of the chat panel. (You may have to mouse over the chat panel to see the gear icon.) You will see some options and one is "Turn Off Chat." Select it.
After you select that option you will see three choices. Select who you want to hide from and select Okay.
Have you ever wanted to put some text in a document, but then print it without that text? Use this tutorial to show you how to do it.
Here is a shortcut you may not know about, but which could save you a lot of time when you want to move files from one folder or drive to another. Just use the Windows key+E to open an Explorer window. To open two, just press the E key twice. Wasn't that easy? Now moving those files is a snap.


This product contains materials subject to the convention to protect endangered species (CITES). Delivery to United States is therefore not possible at the moment.
Delivery to United States is not possible at the moment due to CITES. What is this?
ID: 459373 © 1996–2019 Thomann GmbH Thomann loves you, because you rock!


Every state has its own bird, flower, flag, and so on. In February 2018, South Dakota passed Senate Bill 96 to make it the first state ever to have its own official nosh– chislic.
Chislic has been a mainstay at cafés, bars, fairs, and celebrations in South Dakota for decades.
Traditional chislic is deep-fat, fried lamb. However, many people also enjoy it grilled and may use a variety of marinades when taking that route. People will often flavor it with garlic salt and eat it with saltines. And some might even say it's better when it's washed down with an ice cold beer.
Recent years have seen the introduction of chislic in various marinades and with various sauces. Local chislic is often beef, and some people have experimented with goat, deer, and buffalo.
Joshua Hofer is the festival founder and also the community development and marketing coordinator for the city of Freeman.
Hofer says he has been considering the idea for while, and the recent adoption of chislic as the official state nosh really confirmed that it was time to launch the festival.
Chislic is considered a "heritage food" of southeast South Dakota. It came to the area via Germans who had lived in Russia prior to migrating to the United States in the late 1800s. Beyond that, no one has ever been able to trace its origins to a specific person or family.
The festival will feature three competitions – two are judged, but the third is a "people's choice" competition. Plan to bring small bills to the festival to purchase tickets and a ballot to vote in the competition. The two other categories are "Classic Sheep," which is strictly mutton or lamb, and "New Age Nosh," which will include beef, goat, deer, and buffalo as options.
Festival-goers don't have to worry about rain. There will be a large tent on-site so that everyone can have a great time eating chislic (and a variety of other foods), rain or shine.
The festival will offer all sorts of activities for kids. This includes several bouncy castles, a sandcastle-building contest, and access to the swimming pool. Purchase of a $5 wristband will allow kids to enjoy all of these activities. Horseback rides will also be available for a separate charge, with proceeds going to charity.
The fun isn't just limited to kids' activities– adults can compete in a bean bag tournament or sand volleyball tournament, and enjoy live music throughout the festival. A Sioux Falls rock-cover band, Annabelle Band, will also be performing.
For more information, head to sdchislicfestival.com.
When: July 28 | 4-10 p.m.


text:
Annual Budgets
Call (+65) 6221 6366
Quick Guide for Setting Up Foreign Companies in Singapore
Post author:InTime
Post last modified:October 13, 2020
Key differences of business structures for foreign companies
(1) Representative Office
(2) Redomiciled Office
(3) Subsidiary Company
(4) Branch Office
Liability holder
Capital and revenue
Taxes and incentives
Manpower matters
Annual compliance requirements
Redomiciled Office
General Guidelines for Foreign Companies
1. Apply for an employment pass (E-Pass) or entrepreneur pass (EntrePass)
2. Apply for the SingPass
3. Reserve a company name
1. Variable Capital Company framework (VCC)
2. Global Trader Programme (GTP)
3. Regional Headquarters Award (RHA)
Foreign companies are finding it increasingly attractive to operate in Singapore. The reasons for their relocation include the city-state's stable political climate, excellent infrastructure, efficient administration, attractive corporate tax arrangements, and strategic geographical location.
There are four types of business structures for foreign firms intending to set up an office in Singapore. Of the four entry options available, the Subsidiary Company structure is the most commonly used. Redomiciliation is also gaining popularity due to the Variable Capital Company framework launched by the Monetary Authority of Singapore in 2019.
There are 4 entry options for foreign companies.
Here are the key differences for each structure:
a temporary arrangement for foreign companies to conduct market research in Singapore only; no profit-earning activities allowed
licence must be renewed yearly with a maximum lifespan of 3 years
bears no legal or tax status, thus all liabilities are born by parent firm
status is similar to that of a local Singapore company once redomiciled
subject to Singapore tax rates and enjoys other benefits available to a local entity
a Singapore-incorporated entity of which its shares are held by the parent foreign company
subject to Singapore tax rates and benefits from local tax exemptions/incentives
a standalone entity which frees the parent company from its liabilities
an extension of the parent foreign company, thus it is not a separate legal entity
does not enjoy tax benefits as it is a non-Singaporean entity
its liabilities extend to its parent company
A Representative Office (RO) is the first route foreign entities can pursue when intending to set up shop in Singapore. It allows one to perform exploratory activities, feasibility studies or market research. Since it has no independent legal status and is only a temporary arrangement (1- to 3- year term), no profit-generating activities or contract signing are allowed via this structure.
Sales turnover of the foreign entity must be above US$250,000.
Proof (documents) that the foreign company is at least 3 years old.
The name of the RO must match its parent firm's and notify International Enterprise Singapore of its office address and contact details.
None are allowed.
Parent company is responsible for all acts and omissions of the RO.
The RO is not liable or eligible for both.
A parent firm is to appoint a Chief Representative who will be based at the RO.
The RO can have a maximum of 5 employees including the Chief Representative.
RO registration must be renewed annually.
After 3 years, it must be upgraded to the Branch Office or Subsidiary Company.
An RO has no filing obligations to the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA)or annual returns with Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (IRAS).
Register with International Enterprise Singapore online and pay the registration fee.
If the RO's operation is in the finance, banking or insurance industry, it has to be registered with the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS).
Engage a local corporate service provider to facilitate document preparation, follow up with approval and other ongoing compliance obligations.
Redomiciliation is simply a process whereby a foreign company transfers its registration from its current original jurisdiction to that of Singapore. Everything else, such as its corporate history and branding, remains intact after it becomes a Singapore entity.
Just like any Singapore-incorporated firm, a Redomiciled Office must adhere to rules by the Singapore Companies Act, Ministry of Manpower (MOM), ACRA and IRAS.
All remain the same as it has been practising in its country of origin.
Debts, liabilities and legal proceedings are not affected by the redomiciliation process. All of these remain with the company.
It must have a minimum initial S$1.00.
100% Foreign shareholding is permitted either as an individual or a corporate entity.
It enjoys the low Singapore corporate tax rate as well as business incentives offered by the government.
At least one agent who is ordinarily resident in Singapore is to be appointed. He or she can be a Singapore citizen, permanent resident or employment pass holder.
Most foreign companies choose this option because of its flexible shareholding structure. This structure permits the parent firm to be the sole shareholder, or an individual or corporation of private limited corporations to be shareholder as well.
It is essentially a separate legal entity from its headquarters thus it can bear a different name and carry out business activities that are different from its HQ.
It operates like any other local Singapore company, so it is regulated as such by the local laws, i.e. Companies Act. However, its parent company is regulated by the law of its home country.
It must adhere to the rules of the Ministry of Manpower (MOM) for the local manpower hired.
It may engage in different business activities from its parent company.
As a separate entity, it bears its own debts and liabilities which do not flow to the HQ.
Profits and capital can be repatriated to the parent company subject to capital return requirements under the Companies Act.
Since it is considered a local entity, it enjoys the low Singapore corporate tax rate as well as business incentives offered by the government.
It must have at least one director who is a Singapore citizen, permanent resident or employment pass holder.
Must prepare annual financial statements.
File its annual returns and tax returns to IRAS.
Appoint a local company secretary at a corporate services provider to assist with incorporation and have a local registered office address. The corporate services provider will provide advice and assistance for the registration process.
Alternatively, register online on BizFile+ then set up a corporate bank account. Corporate income tax is automatically registered with IRAS upon incorporation.
Being an extension of the parent foreign company, it lacks the liability protection, local tax rate and government incentives available to Subsidiary Companies. As such, its structure and activities must conform to the parent firm's constitution. This means it cannot perform business activities which differ from its HQ's and it must have the same name as the HQ.
It is registered with ACRA and governed by the act, but it is also liable to the parent firm's corporate practices.
It must adhere to MOM rules for the local manpower hired.
All debts and liabilities are passed on to the parent firm. However, if there were to be any legal disputes resulting from this Branch Office's activities, all court proceedings must be heard in Singapore.
It is not eligible for any offered by the Singapore government since it is not a local company.
Submit its own annual audited accounts as well as that of the head office's to ACRA and IRAS.
Hire a local corporate services firm to register the Branch Office with the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA).
Register a local address in Singapore but it cannot be a PO box.
These are some steps to be taken before the incorporation of any business structure in Singapore.
This is the very first step before registering a company in Singapore. Requirements for either pass include:
Has started or will start a private limited company which must be registered with ACRA
Has a business proposal showing good investment track record or innovative nature
After the E-Pass or EntrePass is obtained, investors must apply for a Singapore personal access password (SingPass). This enables them to access and perform online transactions with e-government services.
This is done by submitting the name via BizFile+ (the e-filing system for tax and business requirements). The cost is only S$15 and the name will be reserved for 120 days within which the rest of the incorporation process must be completed.
The VCC is a new legal entity structure for investment funds. As such, foreign firms set up as funds can be re-domiciled as a VCC in Singapore. The benefits of this arrangement are:
Improved operational and tax efficiency
Privacy for financial statements
Use for a variety of investment strategies
Use as pooling and investing vehicle with a multi-tiered fund structure
Requirements for incorporation as a VCC are:
Capital of the VCC to be equal to its net assets
A Singapore-based licence or regulated fund manager
At least one Singapore resident director for non-authorised schemes and at least three directors for authorised schemes
Have a registered office in Singapore
Appointed a Singapore-based company secretary
Adhere to regulations and submissions for auditing and financial statements
The GTP offers a concessionary tax rate for a 5-year renewable period to foreign entities which earn income from qualifying commodity derivatives or freight derivatives. To qualify, a company has to fulfil these requirements:
Worldwide networks and a good track record;
Conduct substantial international trading activities;
Incur a significant amount of directly attributable local business spending;
Employ a commensurate number of experienced trading professionals, with key decision-making power in Singapore;
Utilise Singapore's banking and financial services;
Utilise Singapore's ancillary services such as trade and logistics etc.; and
Contribute training and development of trading expertise in Singapore.
This programme was created to incentivise foreign entities which choose to operate its regional headquarters in Singapore. Those who opt for the Subsidiary or Branch Office structure may be able to participate in this programme.
Companies which qualify for the RHA will enjoy a concessionary tax rate of 15% for 3 years and other benefits. The complete list of RHA requirements that must be fulfilled are available here.
Each entry option mentioned in this article has its own purpose as well as advantages and disadvantages. The correct choice would depend on the foreign firm's objectives and capabilities, as well as stage in development. For example, a Representative Office provides a simple structure for those which are unsure of whether Singapore is the right location, and merely wish to explore opportunities.
Stamp Duty for Variable Capital Companies in Singapore
Payroll Services – Why Outsource In Singapore
Tips For Corporate Tax Filing in YA2020
Disclaimer: The information contained in this blog is for general information purposes only and is not intended as legal advice. While we endeavour to provide information that is as up-to-date as possible, Intime Accounting makes no warranties or representations of any kind, express or implied about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability or availability with respect to the content on the blog for any purpose. Readers are encouraged to obtain formal, independent advice before making any decisions.
Please selectAccounting ServicesCorporate Secretarial ServicesCorporate Tax ServicesPayroll ServicesOthers
Address :39 Robinson Road #20-01 Robinson Point
© 2020 INTIME ACCOUNTING PTE LTD | ALL RIGHTS RESERVED - PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTANT PROVIDES ACCOUNTING, BOOKKEEPING, TAXATION, PAYROLL SERVICES IN SINGAPORE.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Andreas Zehnder (* 11. Dezember 1965 in Frauenfeld) ist ein ehemaliger Schweizer Eishockeyspieler und aktueller Eishockeytrainer.

Karriere
Andreas Zehner spielte von 1982 bis 1985 beim SC Herisau, bevor er nach einer Saison beim EHC Dübendorf zum EHC Kloten wechselte. 1989 wechselte er zum Zürcher SC, mit dem er mehrfach Schweizer Meister wurde. Nachdem er 2001/02 eine Saison beim EHC Chur spielte, wechselte er für die nächsten drei Saisons zum EHC Basel. 2005 wechselte er zum SC Weinfelden, wo er 2008 seine Spielerkarriere beendete.

International war er im Kader der Schweizer Eishockeynationalmannschaft bei den Eishockey-Weltmeisterschaften bei der A-WM 1994 und bei der B-WM 1995.

Seit 2009 ist er als Trainer im Nachwuchs des EHC Winterthur für die U17 aktiv.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Eishockeynationalspieler (Schweiz)
Eishockeyspieler (SC Herisau)
Eishockeyspieler (EHC Kloten)
Eishockeyspieler (ZSC Lions)
Eishockeyspieler (EHC Chur)
Eishockeyspieler (EHC Basel)
Schweizer Meister (Eishockey)
Eishockeytrainer (Schweiz)
Schweizer
Geboren 1965
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
By Kamal Akintunde
The Ogun government recently promulgated The Chieftaincy law that seeks to remove obnoxious practices and restore dignity in the appointment, installation and internment of traditional rulers and chiefs, promulgated recently by the Ogun State government, has elicited controversy among stakeholders.
The new Chieftaincy Law, known and called "Obas, Chiefs, Council of Obas and Traditional Council Law of Ogun State, Bill 2021" is traceable to the initial attempt by the then 6th Ogun House of Assembly (OGHA) under Rt Hon Speaker Titi Oseni, in the era of His Excellency, former Governor Gbenga Daniel. The ill-fated bill, initiated by the State Council of Obas suffered a set back at a legislative process, a town hall meeting of stakeholders presided over by the headship of the aforementioned House of Assembly. A cross section of stakeholders, including traditionalists, religious leaders, community leaders and the political class filled the Ake Centenary Hall, Abeokuta to the brim.
NERC Orders DisCos Not To Bill Unmetered Customers More Than N1,800 Monthly
The Ogun State Muslim Council OMC as a faith-based organization, the umbrella body for Muslims in the State has considered itself a stakeholder as the law seeks to recognize and protect the fundamental human rights on religion of traditional rulers in state, and as guaranteed by the Nigerian constitution. Suffice it to state that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of the United Nations protects and guarantees the religious rights of every individual in the world. It therefore goes without saying that any law that is geared towards improving and restoring the dignity of man should be regarded as human-oriented and should be supported. In fact, Islam places much premium on Human Rights.
Thus, it explains the OMC's commendation for the Rt Hon Speaker Olakunle Oluomo-led 9th OGHA and Gov Dapo Abiodun for the wonderful courage and boldness in "calling a spade a spade". Suffice it to state that the new Chiefs Law is a product of a long standing bill, since 2020, courtesy of the Ogun State Council of Obas, seeking a paradigm shift in the installation and burial process of traditional rulers and Chiefs.
However, the government, through the Hon State Commissioner for Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs has come out boldly to state that the new Chieftaincy law is never intended to undermine culture and tradition, rather it is aimed at abating fetish practices and doctrines that have hitherto been fashioned into the process of appointment, installation and internment of traditional rulers and certain Chieftaincy holders upon their demise.
Whereas those of the Islamic and Christian faiths welcomed the law as a wholesome development that will protect the dignity of human as a creature of God. The Ogun Muslim Council noted that the law "is a milestone development that will abate the shroud and ambiguity in the doctrinal process of appointment, installation and internment of traditional rulers and Chiefs." While it also adduced that it will elicit the interest of religiously minded individuals seeking to serve their towns and communities through the traditional system and institutions to vie for the exalted Royal Kingship through their respective Ruling Houses.
A school of thought has argued too, that the religiously minded individuals should distance themselves from Kingship and traditional Chieftaincy if he or she cannot condone the obnoxious and fetish associated with it. This notion, sound as it may, but the right to Kingship and holding of traditional titles is not the exclusive rights or responsibility of a group or individuals. Members of the Ruling house that may lay claim to Obaship or Kingship will profess one faith or the other, that is, Islam or Christianity. It therefore becomes pertinent and normal that his ascension and demise should follow the path of the religion he professes. Moreso, that he will always be guided by the teachings of his faith, contained in the Scriptures, in his determination of matters before him as King/"Kabiyesi"or Chief.
The new trend is that people now swear by the divine book incidental to their faith and rather not the 'God of iron' of those days any longer.
It is however pertinent to know who these "Osugbo" are. Who confer them the authority to compel traditional title Chiefs to jettison their faith or religious beliefs (under the guise of upholding and protecting tradition) because they want to serve their towns and/or communities. Where did they derive that power ?
The "Osugbo", and in certain parlance called "Ise se" is just a like a social club with people of like minds as members. They are CAC Incorporated like all others social groups and institutions. A cursory look into the constitution of "Osugbo" in Ijebuland reveals their aims is "to advocate and practice religious tolerance" ; "to promote the dignity of traditional institutions in Ijebuland", amongst other aims. If actually the group is advocating and practicing religious tolerance as stated, how does it reconcile that aim with its posture and attitudinal reaction to the Ogun State Chiefs Law,Bill 2021 recently assented to by the Governor ? Whose interest is the group serving? Who appointed them the custodian of our tradition and culture ? Do they exist to ensure their economic well being or survival ? Of what benefit are they to the community? They constitute insignificant or nil proportion of the population. They lord themselves on the people and engage in unwholesome acts under the pretext of preserving the tradition and culture.
The irony is that whoever wants to become Chief is appointed by Kabiyesi and not the "Osugbo" or "Ise se".
Moreover, most of the "Osugbo" claiming to be traditionalists still profess Islam and Xstianity as their faith, even in the official realm or arena..Some bear Muslim/ Christian names and are engaged in some religious observances as dictated by the two religions.
The submission of this piece is to say that the new law is in order and aims at protecting human dignity and ensure that the 'road' to the throne and stepping down from same should be rid of ambiguity, obnoxious and fetish practices. it should be transparent and in tandem with modernity, minimum and acceptable convention. Afterall, the days of consulting and awaiting 'Ifa' Oracle to pick and endorse who becomes a King or Oba is gone. Suffice it to state the 'money devil' has changed that narrative, yet, heaven has not fallen down.
ATTENTION: Do you know that you can place your advert here at moderate fee?
For more information, contact The Daily Bells today. Call / WhatsApp @ +234 802 523 7926 or email: mydailybells@gmail.com
As a conclusion, while we may not see issues from the same perspective, the new law is sound, reasonable, noble and in consonance with life realities. It also has the potential to check the excesses of the traditionalists, who, under the guise of "Ise se" festival have unleashed terror on law abiding citizens. Their actions have breached peace, causing disharmony, with pronouncement of illegality and movement restrictions on people.
While they have right of existence, they should apply moderation in their undertakings in the overall interest of harmony and peaceful co-existence as fundamental and crucial to growth and development of our dear State and the nation at large.
Stakeholders are therefore expected to be on the same page. While also asking those individuals and groups who feel aggrieved to seek legal redress as being conventional and apt.
–Kamal' Akintunde, (esq) is Secretary-General, Ogun State Muslim Council.
← JAMB To Refund N4,000 To 2021 Candidates Who Failed To Complete Registration
Public Relations is a Medicine, Practitioners are Doctors, says Idris Katib →
Ogun State: A Shinning Example of Bottom-Up and All-Inclusive Government at State Level
27 August 2020 Daily Bells Newspaper 0
COVID-19: Abiodun Extends Ogun Lockdown By Another One Week
9 May 2020 9 May 2020 Daily Bells Newspaper 0
Ajogbo-ota Residents Ravaged By Flood, Fear Of Diseases, Fire Outbreak Amidst Neglect
15 March 2020 15 March 2020 Daily Bells Newspaper 0


Flow 2009 music festival, Helsinki.
One word, outstanding! The line up was dope and versatile as hell. By far, the best festival in Europe this year (and thats a lot). Check Line up if ya don´t believe me;).
However, my job during the festival was hosting, non other than Kerri Chandler and his crew. Kerri Was a cool dude, with manners. So i´m not surprised that with his heart in the game he´s made about 50 classic house tracks. To make long story short, here´s sum pics from incredible festival.


text:
Lawrence Simon "Larry" Gelbart (* 25. Februar 1928 in Chicago, Illinois; † 11. September 2009 in Beverly Hills, Kalifornien) war ein US-amerikanischer Drehbuchautor und Regisseur. Bekannt wurde er für eine über 60 Jahre währende erfolgreiche Karriere als Autor von Komödien und die Entwicklung der Fernsehserie M*A*S*H.

Leben und Werk

Larry Gelbart startete seine Karriere in den 1940er Jahren beim Radio, wo er Skripte für die Danny Thomas-Show verfasste. Schon bald fand er den Weg zum Fernsehen. Dort arbeitete er unter anderem für Bob Hope und Sid Caesar, gemeinsam mit anderen jungen Autoren wie Woody Allen, Carl Reiner und Mel Brooks.

1962 verfasste er das Buch für das erfolgreiche Broadway-Musical Toll trieben es die alten Römer, das später auch verfilmt wurde. Danach ging er für mehrere Jahre nach England, wo er für verschiedene Fernsehserien arbeitete.

1972 bekam er den Auftrag, gemeinsam mit Gene Reynolds den Anti-Kriegsfilm M*A*S*H von Robert Altman in eine Fernsehserie umzusetzen. Das Ergebnis wurde zu einem der größten Hits in der Geschichte des Fernsehens. Elf Jahre lang begeisterten die Geschichten um ein amerikanisches Kriegslazarett die Zuschauer. Als die letzte Folge am 28. Februar 1983 über die Bildschirme lief, schauten 125 Millionen US-Amerikaner zu. 97 der 251 Folgen stammen aus der Feder von Larry Gelbart.

Für M*A*S*H gewann Gelbart 1974 einen Emmy. Für sein Drehbuch zu Carl Reiners Oh Gott … wurde er 1978 für den Oscar nominiert. Sein gemeinsam mit Murray Schisgal verfasstes Drehbuch zu Tootsie brachte ihm 1983 eine weitere Oscar-Nominierung ein; für Tootsie erhielt er außerdem den NSFC Award, den NYFCC Award und den LAFCA Award.

Larry Gelbart war eine der wenigen Hollywoodgrößen, die sich viele Jahre aktiv im Internet betätigten. Er beteiligte sich regelmäßig in der englischsprachigen M*A*S*H-Newsgroup und veröffentlichte seit Mai 2005 einen Weblog auf der Website The Huffington Post.

Gelbart war seit 1956 mit der Schauspielerin Patricia Marshall (1924–2018) verheiratet.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1962: Noch Zimmer frei (The Notorious Landlady)
 1963: Was diese Frau so alles treibt (The Thrill of It All)
 1966: Letzte Grüße von Onkel Joe (The Wrong Box)
 1966: Toll trieben es die alten Römer (A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum)
 1966: Finger weg von meiner Frau (Not with My Wife, You Don't!)
 1968: Der Keuschheitsgürtel (La cintura di castità)
 1977: Oh Gott … (Oh God!)
 1978: Movie Movie
 1980: Der Löwe zeigt die Krallen (Rough Cut)
 1981: Die verrückten Nachbarn (Neighbors)
 1982: Tootsie
 1984: Schuld daran ist Rio (Blame It on Rio)
 2000: C-Scam
 2000: Teuflisch (Bedazzled)
 2003: Pancho Villa – Mexican Outlaw (And Starring Pancho Villa as Himself) (Fernsehfilm)

Weblinks

Drehbuchautor
Fernsehproduzent
Fernsehregisseur
Träger des Tony Award
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1928
Gestorben 2009
Mann


Why Seek Legal Help After a Truck Accident?
Trucks are more prone to road accidents, mainly because of their large size and weight. Every year, people get injured or killed due to accidents involving trucks. Despite drivers and pedestrians alike taking the necessary precaution, some situations just cannot be avoided, and accidents still happen.
This is because there are still many drivers who drive recklessly or take absolute disregard for the safety of other motorists on the road. In California, if you get into an accident with a truck, you need to consult with a truck accident lawyer practicing in Los Angeles or the area concerned.
The burden of liability in truck accidents can be more complicated compared to regular vehicular accidents. In this case, it may not only be the driver who is responsible for the crash. This may also involve the company, manufacturer, and other parties.
The truck company, along with its insurance provider, may take responsibility for the accident. However, there are instances when both the company and the insurance fail to comply and provide payment for the damages. These complications are best handled by an attorney who specializes in truck accidents. Without proper legal assistance, you might end up in a bad situation and receive an unfair settlement for your case.
When a case is filed in court, there will be an investigation into the real cause of the truck accident. This will establish who is at fault and liable to pay the people injured in the incident. Investigators need to go to the site of the accident and gather relevant evidence.
There will also be testimonies from witnesses as well as an expert medical assessment on the truck driver's mental and physical state at the time of the incident. Technical experts will also be called to the stand in case of mechanical failure or faulty parts. All information gathered will be used during the trial. Every angle of the accident must be examined and each process must be observed correctly.
Retaining the services of an experienced truck accident lawyer will be beneficial in helping clients get favorable results. These lawyers are known for their expertise in such cases. They have the experience and often look into similar cases to check in case the truck manufacturer is at fault.
Any malfunction on the equipment can help the injured party file a claim against the manufacturer or sue the company for negligence. In some instances, the company is made to answer for the accident since the driver was on active duty when the incident occurred.
Whatever the situation, a truck accident lawyer can help you get a fair settlement from all the parties deemed responsible and liable for the incident. When choosing a truck accident lawyer, it is important to find experts in their field who are compassionate and willing to represent ordinary folk. Ask for referrals from friends and relatives or look up law firms online to check past cases and successful results.


text:
PROFESSOR İHSAN DOĞRAMACI
Professor İhsan Doğramacı was in 1915 in Erbil, northern Iraq, which was then part of the Ottoman Empire. As the son of an influential Turkmen family, his background was intimately linked to the history and heritage of the Empire. His father, Ali Pasha Doğramacı, was mayor of Erbil, and his mother was the daughter of a representative in the Ottoman parliament.
In 1942 he married Ayser Süleyman. Her family included a grand vizier of the Empire and a field marshal in the Ottoman Army. Her father, Hikmet Süleyman, served as prime minister of Iraq in the 1930s. Ayser and İhsan Doğramacı had three children, Şermin, Ali and Osman.
This family heritage always remained central to İhsan Doğramacı life. However, his career took him far from Erbil and from the traditional pursuits of a wealthy landholder.
After completing Turkish primary school in Erbil, he graduated from the Preparatory School of the American University of Beirut and the Faculty of Medicine of İstanbul University. He trained in pediatrics in Ankara, Turkey, under Professor Albert Eckstein, and in the United States at Harvard University and Washington University in St. Louis. He and his family then settled in Ankara in 1947.
The young pediatrician rapidly advanced in the University of Ankara Faculty of Medicine, becoming professor of pediatrics in 1955. Even in those early years he was already envisioning the creation in Turkey of nonprofit private institutions of higher learning resembling those he had seen and worked at in the United States.
In 1955, in an impoverished area of Ankara, he established the Institute of Child Health attached to the University of Ankara, and by 1961 the Institute included Turkey's first university-level schools of nursing, nutrition and dietetics, physical therapy and rehabilitation, and medical technology. He then proceeded to establish the Hacettepe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, which was a second faculty of medicine within the University of Ankara, and a school of dentistry.
Professor Doğramacı became rector of the University of Ankara in 1963 for a two-year term, followed by two years as president of the Board of Trustees of Middle East Technical University in Ankara. In 1967 the Hacettepe Faculty of Medicine and the other schools under the Institute of Child Health were chartered as a new university, Hacettepe University, today one of the leading institutions of higher education in Turkey. Professor Doğramacı served as its rector until 1975. When his term finished, he accepted an appointment as visiting professor of pediatrics at the University of Paris Descartes.
In 1980 the Turkish government invited Professor Doğramacı to advice on the drafting of a new law governing higher education in the country. His recommendations for restructuring Turkey's higher education system included establishing a Council of Higher Education, with its president reporting directly to the president of the Republic. He was appointed to head the Council and served 12 years, until 1992.
Subsequent to this restructuring, major advances took place within Turkish higher education. In 1980 only 6.3 percent of the university-age population in Turkey was enrolled in institutions of higher learning. At that time the rate in Western Europe was 32 percent, in Greece and Bulgaria 22 percent, and in neighboring Syria 14 percent. In the following 25 years the ratio in Turkey increased to 38.2 percent. In terms of research as reflected in the number of publications in scientific journals, Turkey's ranking rose from 45th to 18th among the world's nations during the same time period.
In 1982 an amendment to Turkey's Constitution allowed for the creation of nonprofit institutions of higher education by foundations. In 1984 Professor Doğramacı established the first of these, Bilkent University, and became president of its Board of Trustees, a position he continued to hold throughout his lifetime. Eight years later the second and third foundation universities opened. Today, of the 139 universities in Turkey, 94 were established by the state and 45 by foundations.
Professor Doğramacı would eventually establish a total of five philanthropic foundations in Turkey, which in turn gave rise to hospitals and educational institutions, including Bilkent. Another of his foundations, the İhsan Doğramacı Family Health Foundation, was created for the benefit of the world Health Organization. It has been awarding a prize regularly since 1983 to individuals who have given distinguished service in the field of family health.
İhsan Doğramacı was active in the fields of medicine and education not only in Turkey, but internationally as well throughout his long lifetime. A true citizen of the world, he was fluent in Arabic, English, French and German in addition to his native Turkish.
As early as 1946, while still a research fellow in pediatrics at Washington University in the United States, he had the historic opportunity to be a signatory to the Constitution of the World Health Organization. Following his return to Turkey, the WHO asked him to visit and advice on the establishment of new schools of medicine and health sciences at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, Canada; at the University of Brasilia, in the new capital of Brazil in South America; and in Ife, Nigeria, and Yaoundé, Cameroon, in Africa. He traveled to each of those locations and offered guidance regarding the setup and development of educational health centers that included medical schools and facilities for training other health personnel.
He headed the Turkish delegation to the World Health Assembly (WHO's decision making body) for six years and served as chair of the European Region countries and as vice chairman of the Assembly in 1976.
Over the years, Professor İhsan Doğramacı was a member of the WHO Executive Board and also served on the organization's Global Advisory Committee on Medical Research, Expert Advisory Panel on Health Manpower, Consultative Group on Maternal and Young Child Nutrition, and Programme Advisory Committee in Maternal and Child Health. WHO recognized his contributions by awarding him the Léon Bernard Foundation Prize in 1981 and the Health-for-All Gold Medal in 1997.
Professor İhsan Doğramacı was also active in UNICEF, serving on its Executive Board for several decades. He was elected chairman of the organization's Programme Committee for three terms and Chairman of the Executive Board for two. In 1995 UNICEF honored him with the Maurice Pate Award. In Turkey, he served as president of the National Committee for UNICEF from 1958 to 2003, and after that as honorary president. In his own specialty, child health, Professor İhsan Doğramacı was chosen as president of the International Pediatric Association in 1968. He would lead the IPA for a quarter of a century, in turn as president and executive director. From 1992 on, he held the position of honorary president.
While serving as chairman of the Executive Board of UNICEF, Professor İhsan Doğramacı became a member of the Advisory Board of the International Children's Center in Paris, and he continued as a Board member from 1970 to 1984. When the ICC in Paris was dissolved in 1999 after 50 years of existence, he reestablished it in Ankara, serving as its president from 1999 to 2006, and thereafter as honorary president.
He was author of a large number of scientific articles, chapters and books, mostly dealing with medicine and the health sciences. Five books have been written about his life and accomplishments and published in various countries, in seven languages. Although Professor İhsan Doğramacı was offered the post of minister of foreign affairs and also proposed as prime minister of Turkey, he declined on both occasions in order to concentrate on his work in health and education.
Professor İhsan Doğramacı received numerous awards, medals and decorations. He held honorary doctorates from 26 universities in 14 countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Finland, Italy, Japan and Egypt. He was a member of national academies in Germany, France, India, the United States and Azerbaijan, and an honorary member of 23 national pediatric societies across the globe. The heads of state of Turkey, Azerbaijan, Iran, the Dominican Republic, Finland, Poland, Estonia and France honored him with the highest decorations of their respective nations. The parliament of Egypt and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, as well as other governmental agencies, also gave him their highest awards and medals. In 1998 the Council of Europe, at a ceremony in Vienna, conferred on him its Prize for Peace, Justice and Tolerance.
Encompassing nearly a century, İhsan Doğramacı life was characterized by a deep and enduring interest in the needs of young people, whether children in the pediatric wards of hospitals or students in universities. His goals in these areas were both national and global. His commitment to improve health care and education in his homeland, Turkey, was always paralleled by a broader vision which rested on a pragmatic and humanistic understanding of transnational interdependence. Although the circumstances into which he was born and the times in which he lived played a part in the enormous success he achieved, his impact upon Turkey and throughout the world derived ultimately from his focus on a set of ideas and ideals and a personal strength of will that drove him ever forward to achieve what he saw as necessary and beneficial.


"Law & Order: SVU" topped Wednesday's adults 18-49 ratings with a 1.5, leading a parade of eight finales. It was up 0.3 vs. last week's episode and a tenth better than last season's finale.
The series finale of "Nashville" (0.9) was up a tenth of a point vs. last week, as was "Supernatural's" finale (0.8) on The CW. The closing episodes of NBC's "Chicago Fire" (1.4), "Arrow" (0.8) and "Heartbeat" (0.7) were all even with last week.
The premiere of "Wayward Pines" Season 2 drew a 0.9, off a tenth from its series debut last year.
Next article Uncategorized'Peaky Blinders' renewed through Season 5 on BBC; Netflix to follow?


Jason and his wife Lori grew up in Sikeston, MO. They have four children and have served together in ministry for 20 years. Jason has served in a few different churches, all here in Missouri. The family moved to Millersville, answering the church's call for Jason to serve as Senior Pastor in November 2018.
Because of serving in different churches and studying church 'culture', he as seen a trend of changing philosophy and approach to ministries. As much as he has seen it evolve over the years with different themes and goals, it has not changed nearly enough. The concepts, philosophies and goals of Christian ministry have far too long been serving as a source of segregation among the church body as a whole. Years ago in SBC churches across the nation, there were incredibly elaborate attempts to create friendly environments that not only looked different than the rest of the church, it functioned completely separate. That trend still continues today. And as a result, walls of discontent and waves of misunderstanding have swept through a generation of families.
Kenn was called to Millersville in 2013 as pastor of Family Ministry. Kenn has a great passion to come alongside families to help them meet Jesus, grow in Jesus, and serve Jesus. He has been instrumental in implementing Milestones at FBC Millersville. Kenn oversees the church's ministry to families. Kenn and his wife Pamela have four children: Sam, Emily, Seth, and Lydia.
Matt Hale, by the grace of God, grew up in a Christian home in Southeast Missouri. Although he grew up in a Christian home, it wasn't until later in life that he repented of his sins and trusted in Jesus for his salvation. At the age of 23 years old, on September 12, 2004, he surrendered his life to follow Jesus Christ. He worked in the education field for 11 years, teaching and coaching. In 2015, he left education to pursue God's calling on his life into full time vocational ministry. He served as the Pastor of Worship and Students at Hallsville Baptist Church for 3 years before being called to FBC Millersville in 2018 to serve as the Pastor of Worship and Students. Matt is married to his bride Lindsey and they have been blessed with 4 children whose names are Larissa, Bryce, MaeLee, and Maia. Matt's desire is to see lives changed by Jesus Christ and to help others grow in their relationship with Jesus through discipleship. He wants to point others to Jesus Christ through the talents and gifts God has given him.
Emily leads our ministry to our children and works to assist parents in their God-given role to bring up their children in the discipline and instruction of the Lord (Eph. 6; Deut. 6). She has been serving the congregation in this role since the summer of 2016.


text:
Building a Culture of Encounter
By respecting our differences as gifts from God, we create a strong community of encountering Christ through love and grace-filled relationships. Pope Francis' encyclical, Fratelli Tutti ("On Fraternity and Social Friendship"), invites us to build relationships supported by our differences. We are called to develop these relationships within parishes, among ministries and in global partnerships. See flyer for more information.
ACRE Appreciation Luncheon
Tue. May 3rd, 11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. at St. Peter's in Mendota. Conversation, social time, recognitions, and special guest Fr. Charles Lachowitzer, Vicar General. Lunch Sponsored by Our Sunday Visitor! Please invite your pastor to join you! Members and pastors are free- Non-members' cost is $10. See FLYER for more details and REGISTER HERE: https://www.signupgenius.com/go/4090F4FA8AF2AA6FA7-acre5
ACRE Lent Retreat: March 8, 2022
What members say: what people say.pdf (files.ecatholic.com)


text:
Audiobook Review: High as the Heavens by Kate Breslin
October 17, 2017 Audiobook Reviews, Book ReviewsBethany House, Kate Breslin, Oasis AudioKaren Collier
Title: High as the Heavens
Author: Kate Breslin
Print Publisher: Bethany House
Audio Publisher: Oasis Audio
Narrator: Renee Ertl
Length: 12 hours, 41 minutes. Unabridged.
A British nurse in WWI German-occupied Brussels, Evelyn Marche spends her days at the hospital and her nights working at a café . . . or so it seems. Eve's most carefully guarded secret is that she also spends her nights carrying out dangerous missions as a spy for a Belgian resistance group.
When a plane crashes as she's en route to a rendezvous, Eve is the first to reach the downed plane and is shocked to recognize the badly injured pilot as British RFC Captain Simon Forrester. She risks her life to conceal him from the Germans, but as the secrets between them grow and the danger mounts, can they still hope to make it out of Belgium alive?
This is a story historical romance fans will love. It is set in German-occupied Brussels during World War I and incorporates vivid cultural and historical details. It's particularly cool that its characters are based loosely on actual historical figures (see the author's note in the book for details).
The plot features espionage, danger, and intrigue alongside the emotional joys and uncertainties of a chance at reclaiming lost love. The characters, while at times larger than life, are struggling with relatable issues like guilt, mistrust, and fear.
Despite the promising premise, the start of the story dragged a bit for me, under the weight of a little more exposition early on than I would have liked. Fortunately, I stuck with it, because once the action and romance kicked up a notch, I was hooked.
The character development was well done and the action and romance plotlines brought readers along to a satisfying conclusion. Recommended to adult fans of historical romance and suspense. Because of the difficult things Eve and other characters have to go through in the story, I'd recommend parents preview the book to determine if they feel it's appropriate for their teenage readers.
The wide range of Nationalities represented in this book could have lent itself well to voicing characters with a variety of different accents. While the narrator did not take full advantage of this opportunity, she did distinguish between character voices, to the extent that I was never in doubt about which character was speaking. The reading was clear and pleasant listening, with emotions well reflected in the performance. Overall, the audio edition makes for an enjoyable listening experience.
I borrowed this audiobook from my local library via Hoopla. I was not expected to write a review, but I wanted to share.
Quick Links: About the Audiobook | Audio Sample | Author's Site
← Christian Fiction Book Club Connection: October 2017	Book Review: Maybe It's You by Candace Calvert →
One thought on "Audiobook Review: High as the Heavens by Kate Breslin"
Pingback: Top Ten Tuesday: My Favorite Christian Fiction of 2017 | Karen Collier


text:
\section{Introduction}
Observational estimates of meridional flow in the photosphere have been
made for many years using three principal methods. These include the
tracking of surface features
such as magnetic elements \citep{sd96,hr10} and surface Doppler signal from
supergranulations \citep{sks06,sksb08}; Doppler shifts of
selected spectral lines \citep{ulrich93,ub05}; most recently Doppler
shifts of acoustic frequencies detected by helioseismic instruments
\citep{ba10,gbs10}. Each of these methods has different strengths and weaknesses
that have been discussed extensively in the published literature. They
also are measuring different quantities, so they should not necessarily
give the same results. In particular, both Doppler-based methods should
be measuring the flow of the plasma, but the tracking methods are sensing
the movements of features in the plasma, not necessarily the plasma itself.
By the laws of MHD, when magnetic diffusion is present, field lines and
patterns can 'slip' relative to the plasma flow, since they are not
'frozen in'.

On the Sun we are dealing with turbulent magnetic diffusion, caused by
the time changes in supergranulation \citep{leighton64}. Both
surface transport models and flux-transport dynamo models solve
equations that are in fact spatially and temporally averaged over
the detailed structure of supergranules; therefore both contain
turbulent diffusion, and in both models the ``mean'' field lines are
not frozen in. There will also be magnetic diffusion on still smaller
spatial scales, particularly within supergranules, but this effect should
be isotropic \citep{sks06,sksb08} and not contribute to a net transport
of flux in latitude. Outside of the immediate neighborhood of active
regions, the turbulent magnetic diffusivity should be nearly homogeneous
(independent of latitude and longitude) but magnetic flux will be diffused
in latitude and longitude because in general there will be gradients of
flux in both latitude and longitude. It is the difference between pattern
speeds and plasma flow that we focus on in this paper.

It is well known that the surface of the Sun has a highly structured
magnetic field as well as turbulent motions. These turbulent motions
will also move patterns of magnetic features, in addition to
and in competition with the movement due to global flows such as
differential rotation and meridional circulation. The tracking of
magnetic features yields a 'flow' speed in latitude due to the combined
effects of meridional circulation and turbulence, so this speed is bound
to be different from that of the plasma flow. Is it possible to identify
and measure this difference, and learn about physics of the Sun from it?
What can flux transport dynamo models tell us about the difference
between pattern speeds and plasma speeds? Can the output of flux-transport
models estimate the turbulent diffusivity from the difference between
pattern speed and plasma flow? We attempt to answer these questions in the
following sections.

\section{Observational evidence of differences}

It is now possible to compare the measured meridional flow speeds from
surface Doppler, helioseismic and magnetic pattern tracking methods for
the whole of solar cycle 23. These measurements are displayed in Figure 1.
The red curve is the surface Doppler results obtained from the analysis
of Mount Wilson Observatory data, already shown in
\citet{dgdu10}. The green curve is the helioseismic estimate from
\citet{ba10}, and the blue curve is for magnetic pattern tracking
reconstructed from the figure 3 of \citet{hr10}. Note that we omit
the uncertainty bars in each of the curves, because our focus is on
understanding the physical origin of one particular systematic difference
between the magnetic feature tracking-speed and Doppler-based plasma-speed,
rather than analyzing the accuracy of the methods. Also note that the
time-variation in the meridional flow within each solar cycle primarily
arises due to the inflows toward the active regions \citet{zk04,skz07,
hht09}. But we have considered in Figure 1 the meridional flows averaged
over the entire cycle, because we are focusing here on understanding the
systematic difference between magnetic feature tracking speed and Doppler-based
plasma-speeds.

We see that for the latitudes where both are measured, the surface Doppler
and helioseismic results are almost the same. Unfortunately helioseismic
methods can not reach to as high a latitude as can surface Doppler. We see
that the surface Doppler speed peaks around $20^{\circ}$, while the
helioseismic results peak at 30$^{\circ}$. Their peak amplitudes are within
$1\,{\rm m}\,{\rm s}^{-1}$ of each other. Both peaks are broad and it is not
clear that there is any difference in either peak amplitude or latitude
of the peak.

By contrast, the pattern tracking method yields a peak around $50^{\circ}$
latitude, which is 25-30 \% lower than the other peaks. The difference
between tracking and the other velocities is significant at all latitudes
equatorward of the peak. Poleward of its maximum, the differences are much
smaller. A difference between tracking-speed and plasma flow-speed of magnitude
$5\, {\rm m} {\rm s}^{-1}$ in the latitude range from $5^{\circ}$ up to about
$40^{\circ}$ magnitude have also been reported by \citet{skz07} and
\citet{szk07}.

By heuristic reasoning, we show in the next section that the
differences between the pattern tracking and the other velocity measures
are due to the effects of magnetic diffusion on the pattern tracking speed.

\begin{figure}[hbt]
\epsscale{1.0}
\plotone{f1.eps}
\caption{Surface meridional flow speeds from various measures for solar
cycle 23 (averaged over the entire cycle). Red curve: surface Doppler
speed from Mount Wilson Observatory;
green curve: helioseismic measurement from Basu \& Antia (2010); blue curve:
magnetic feature movement read off of figure 3 of Hathaway \&
Rightmire (2010). }
\label{observed}
\end{figure}

Surface Doppler and magnetic tracking measures of meridional flow
also exist for cycle 22 \citep{dgdu10,ulrich93,sd96,latushko94,ch98}. For
that period too the surface Doppler velocity is larger than the pattern
velocity peak and occurs at a lower latitude. In addition, the plasma
flow from surface Doppler measurements reverses sign and becomes equatorward
above about $65^{\circ}$ latitude. This same behavior is seen in two
tracking velocity profiles \citep{sd96,latushko94}. There too the reversed
tracking velocity is smaller than the surface Doppler velocity. This result
is also explained by the heuristic arguments we give below.

\section{Heuristic explanation of differences in speed}

\begin{figure}[hbt]
\epsscale{1.0}
\plotone{f2.eps}
\caption{Schematic of plasma (red curve and symbols) and magnetic feature
tracking(blue curve and symbols) speeds, with difference due to diffusion
speed (green arrow and symbols).}
\label{schematic}
\end{figure}

Starting from the observations of meridional velocities summarized
in the previous section, we give a heuristic physical explanation for
the systematic differences between the surface Doppler and
helioseismicly determined values, and those associated with the movement
of magnetic patterns. In schematic form, these differences are
illustrated in Figure 2. The red curve denotes a predominantly poleward
plasma velocity $V_P$ that peaks in the range $20^{\circ} - 30^{\circ}$
latitude.
The blue curve shows the magnetic pattern velocity $V_M$. It has a lower
peak amplitude compared to the plasma velocity and it peaks at a
substantially higher latitude, between $45^{\circ}$ and $55^{\circ}$.
The systematic difference between the two velocities is that at low
latitudes, the plasma velocity is faster, while at high latitudes the
two velocities are about the same.

These differences can be explained in terms of the turbulent magnetic
diffusion. We can define a 'diffusion velocity' $V_D$, given by
$\eta/L$, in which $\eta$ is the turbulent diffusivity, typically taken
to be $2-8 \times 10^{12} \, {\rm cm}{\rm s}^{-1}$ in the solar
photosphere, produced by mixing by supergranulation, and $L$
is a latitudinal length scale. $L$ should be some fraction of the
distance between equator and pole, a distance over which the
longitudinally averaged surface radial field varies by a substantial
amount. To illustrate the magnitude of this velocity, if we roughly take
$L=10^{10} \,{\rm cm}$ (about 1/10th of the distance between equator
and pole) we get $V_D=2-8 \, {\rm m}{\rm s}^{-1}$, values comparable
to the plasma flow.

Since the surface source of large scale surface poloidal fields is due
to the decay of emerged, tilted, bipolar active regions, the peak of the
source and hence of the surface radial fields is almost always found at
or near sunspot latitudes. In the absence of diffusion, these surface
poloidal fields would always be carried towards the poles by the
poleward plasma flow. We should expect an asymmetric apparent outflow
from activity latitudes, because the turbulent diffusion
should increase the poleward transport rate in latitudes poleward of
spot latitudes, and decrease that transport rate in low latitudes. This
implies that the speed ($V_M$) of magnetic features should be reduced in
low latitudes, and increased poleward of sunspot latitudes. By this
reasoning, in low latitudes we should have $V_M=V_P-V_D$ while at high
latitudes we should have $V_M=V_P+V_D$. To a first approximation, $V_D$
represents the difference between the curves for $V_P$ and $V_M$.

In the immediate vicinity of active regions ($\sim 5^{\circ}$ latitude
poleward and equatorward) there is an additional advective effect we
have not included in the reasoning given above. This effect comes
from the observation \citep{skz07,hht09} that there are persistent
inflows of plasma from
both poleward and equatorward sides of active regions. These flows would
have the effect of reducing the apparent outflow of magnetic patterns.
This feature is relatively localized, however, and in this first study
we have not attempted to include it in the more global reasoning we
are focusing on here. It must be included in more advanced models
that examine in more detail the differences between plasma flow and
magnetic feature tracking.

The observations in Figure 1 and the schematic in Figure 2 both
show the substantial difference between plasma and magnetic feature
tracking speeds occurs in low and mid latitudes, but not in high
latitudes. This implies that the diffusive 'speed' must be low there.
How is this possible?
The concept of turbulent diffusion of magnetic elements across the
solar surface due to the existence and evolution of supergranule patterns
originated with \citet{leighton64}. In magnetic regions supergranules are
distorted and difficult to distinguish from the magnetic features,
because supergranules can be detected either in line-of-sight velocity
or Ca-K maps, in which magnetic features are also seen \citep{sks09}.
Therefore, except in the immediate neighborhood of active regions,
supergranule characteristics (horizontal scale, lifetime) are
seen to be nearly independent of latitude and longitude. It follows
that, for the diffusive speed to be much lower in high latitudes
than low, the gradient of the surface radial field must be on average
much lower there than equatorward of the peak in the poloidal source.
The diffusive transport rate is given by ${\eta \over r}{\partial B_r
\over \partial \theta}$. The diffusive speed associated with this
transport is given by $\eta/r\Delta \theta$, where $\Delta\theta$ is
the difference in latitude over which the difference in radial fields
is measured. The quantity $L=r\Delta \theta$ is, therefore, our length
scale.

\begin{figure}[hbt]
\epsscale{1.0}
\plotone{f3.eps}
\caption{Schematic of latitude locations of peaks in radial field
(positive peaks in blue, negative ones in red) for various sunspot cycle
phases. a)cycle onset; b)ascending phase; c) maximum; d) descending phase.
BMR stands for bipolar magnetic regions.}

\label{diffusive}
\end{figure}

We can explain the differences between the profiles of plasma flow
and magnetic pattern tracking speeds by considering qualitatively
the latitudinal locations of the strongest radial fields of both
polarities at four different phases of a solar cycle, namely at cycle
onset, ascending phase, maximum, and descending phases (see Figure 3).
At cycle onset (frame 3a), peak radial fields of opposite polarities
are at the poles and at the location of the follower fields of sunspots;
peak radial fields are also at the locations of the leading polarity
spots in North and South hemispheres. In this phase of the cycle, the
latitudinal distance between follower polarity spots and the pole of
that hemisphere is about $60^{\circ}$ in latitude. The distance between
leader polarities in North and South hemispheres is also about $60^{\circ}$.
So the latitudinal length scale for the evaluation of latitudinal gradients
in radial fields is about the same in the two cases. Since polar fields
are usually weaker than leading polarity fields in low latitude, the
gradient of radial field is somewhat smaller between the follower fields
and the pole of the same hemisphere than between the leader polarities in
North and South hemispheres. Therefore even at this phase, the diffusive
velocity toward the equator should be somewhat larger than that toward
the poles above sunspot latitudes.

This difference gets bigger as the cycle progresses. During the ascending
phase (frame 3b), the distance between the follower polarities and their
respective poles increases, while the distance between leader polarities
in North and South decreases. So the low latitude gradients in radial
fields increase relative to the high latitude gradients, with a corresponding
increase in the diffusive speed, as defined earlier, in low latitudes
compared to high latitudes. This trend continues through the maximum
(frame 3c) and descending (frame 3d) phases. Therefore the difference in
gradients of radial field that drives the diffusive transport continues
to increase. In addition, at maximum, the polarity of the radial fields
at the poles switches to become the same as that of the follower spot
polarity in that hemisphere, while the polarities of leader spots in the
two hemispheres remain opposite. This effect reduces the high latitude
gradient relative to the low latitude gradient even more.

The net effect of these differences in gradient in radial fields, when
averaged over a whole solar cycle, is to make the diffusive velocity
directed toward the equator in low latitudes substantially larger than
the diffusive velocity directed toward the poles at active-regions'
latitudes and higher. Hence the magnetic pattern tracking velocity is
substantially lower than the plasma flow in low and mid latitudes
compared to that at high latitudes, as seen in Figures 1 and 2.

Some analyses of magnetic pattern data \citep{sd96} indicate
the possibility of poleward movement between the equator and $10^{\circ}$
latitude, and also equatorward movement poleward of about $60^{\circ}$.
For simplicity, we have not included either of these feature in the
schematic. In the case of the poleward low latitude movement, this could
come about only if the turbulent diffusion were low enough, or the
poleward plasma flow large enough. If this pattern persisted for a
substantial fraction of a solar cycle, then during that cycle rather
little radial magnetic flux would be annihilated at the equator.

Equatorward high latitude magnetic pattern movement could only come
about if there is a second plasma meridional circulation cell there that
is sufficiently strong to prevent flux from traveling all the way to
the poles. If such a pattern persisted for most of a cycle, then the
conveyor belt would carry flux down to the bottom near the interface
of the two circulation cells rather than at the poles. This result is
qualitatively consistent with the surface Doppler estimates of
meridional flow by \citet{ub05}, and could lead to a shorter solar
cycle, as discussed in \citet{dgdu10}.

\section{Pattern velocity from flux-transport dynamo solutions }

In this section we investigate the latitudinal movement of magnetic
patterns in a flux transport dynamo, running in a weakly non-linear
kinematic regime. We simulate how a bipole source, inserted into the
topmost layer (between $0.97R$ and $1R$) of the model, moves under the
influence of a specified meridional flow single-cell as used in
\citet{dgdu10} with a maximum flow-speed of 15 ${\rm m}\,{\rm s}^{-1}$
and turbulent magnetic diffusion of value $3\times 10^{12} \, {\rm cm}^2
\, {\rm s}^{-1}$. The bipole source
is a Gaussian in the poloidal potential with full width at half maximum of
$6^{\circ}$. This source results in 'leader' and 'follower' radial fields
with Maxwellian profiles, each having full width at half maximum of
$3^{\circ}$ in latitude, with the Maxwellian 'tail' of the follower (leader)
polarity fields extending toward the poles (equator). The source satisfies
the condition that $\nabla \cdot B=0$. We solve the induction equation in the
axisymmetric regime in two dimensional $r-\theta$ plane and study the
poleward transport of radial fields after they have been induced through
the deposition of bipoles.

\begin{figure}[hbt]
\epsscale{1.0}
\plotone{f4.eps}
\caption{Comparison of surface plasma flow (red curve) used as input to flux
transport dynamo, and simulation-produced magnetic pattern tracking speed
(blue curve), derived from model-output.}

\label{simulation}
\end{figure}

We performed a series of numerical experiments in which the bipoles are
induced into the model for a period of 12 days, after which this source is
removed. All the physical processes in the model act on this source from
time t=0. After removal of the source, the latitudinal position of a radial
magnetic field contour of 30 Gauss of the follower polarity, which is on
approximately the central part the Gaussian in radial fields, is tracked.
From this tracking over a few weeks, a velocity is computed.

The experiments are performed on poloidal sources inserted every two
degrees of latitude between $2^{\circ}$ and $88^{\circ}$ latitude,
thereby generating a set of 44 velocities between equator and pole. These
velocities are plotted (blue curve) in Figure 4, in which the plasma
surface-flow speed that has been used as the input to the model is also
plotted (red curve). The result clearly shows that in low and
mid-latitudes,
the tracking speed is always lower than the plasma flow speed, by an amount
that is similar to that observed. Only poleward of $60^{\circ}$ latitude
does the tracking speed exceed that of the plasma flow. That occurs where
both speeds are low.

These experiments differ in some details from the heuristic
description given in section 3, for example in the fact that in these
experiments there are no polar fields to increase the magnitude of the
high latitude gradients and diffusive velocities. Therefore we should
expect to see the tracking velocity become larger than the plasma flow
near the pole where plasma flow and diffusion velocity are always in the
same direction. The simulations by \citet{wrs09} using surface transport
models with and without diffusion, showed that the slopes of the poleward
surges were steeper when both flow and diffusion were included, than in
the case when only flow was present (compare their figures 15 and 16).

Another important transport mechanism has not been considered in the present
simulation, namely the turbulent pumping. The latitudinal component of
the mean turbulent pumping as computed from the magnetoconvection
simulations \citet{osbr02,kkos06} is predominantly equatorward and
peaks around $15^{\circ}$ latitudes and with a magnitude of about
$1\,{\rm m}{\rm s}^{-1}$. The influence of both the radial and latitudinal
turbulent pumping have been studied in great detail by \citet{gd08}. If
such pumping is included in simulating the magnetic feature-tracking speed,
even a larger difference between the input plasma speed and the
model-derived tracking speed would occur at low latitudes. This might
produce even better agreement between the model-derived tracking-speed
and the observed values shown in Figure 1.

The result in Figure 4 confirms that in dynamo models the velocity from
tracking of magnetic features should be considered as an output, not as a
substitute for plasma flow speed which must be used as input to the model.
In fact, about 25 years ago it was first shown by NRL scientists
\citep{ds87,wns89} that a meridional plasma flow peaking at low-latitudes
around $10^{\circ}$ from the equator is required to correctly explain
the surface magnetic features' evolutionary properties. \citet{sl08} also
considered a variety of meridional flows peaking at different latitudes
and showed that, to obtain the best-fit of observed polar field pattern
of cycle 23 with their model-output, the flow must peak around
$15^{\circ}-20^{\circ}$ latitudes. With much better techniques for
measuring meridional flow, we now know that the plasma flow indeed does
peak at low-latitudes (see red and green curves in Figure 1).

\section{Concluding remarks}

We have shown using heuristic reasoning and numerical simulations that
the differences in surface meridional flow speed between the solar plasma
and magnetic patterns can be explained as due to the effects of surface
turbulent magnetic diffusion. All observational analysis referred to
in this paper are done with valid methods. We repeat that the purpose
of this paper was to understand the physical origin of the differences
between tracking-speed and Doppler-based plasma speed. The plasma speed
should be used as input into flux-transport dynamo models, whereas the
observed magnetic pattern speed should be compared with the output of
such models.

A very simplified case of a simulated feature-tracking speed derived
from a flux-transport dynamo model-output has been presented here.
It captures the physical origin of the differences between the plasma
flow incorporated into the model and the tracking-speed derived from
the evolving magnetic features in the model.
However, there are many more aspects of the difference between plasma
flow and magnetic pattern movement, which can be further explored using
our model as well as other dynamo models benchmarked by \citet{jea08}.
Studies need to be done using models with higher magnetic diffusivity
inside the convection zone \citep{ynm08}, with the magnetic diffusivity
quenched due to the presence of strong magnetic fields \citep{gdd09}
and also with turbulent pumping included \citep{gd08}. Perhaps the
importance of physical ingredients below the surface layer can be
assessed by comparing model-derived tracking-speed from dynamo models
with those obtained from surface-transport models \citep{wrs09,sl08}.

From the input of Doppler plasma flow in all such models,
the comparison of model-derived tracking-speed with the observed
tracking-speed could give new estimates of the turbulent diffusivity
on the surface of the Sun. Other plasma flow profiles could also be used,
including ones that allow for a second, reversed plasma meridional flow cell
in high latitudes as used by \citet{jb07,bebr05,dgdu10} to see how strong
such a flow must be to reverse the
magnetic pattern movement, as found for cycle 22 by \citet{sd96}. Different
representations of the bipole source could also be explored.

The simulation presented in \S4 was performed in an idealized environment,
namely without any background magnetic fields present in the Sun. Reality
is more complex than that. For example, at high latitudes background polar
fields are present with certain polarity and strength, and at sunspot latitudes
the active regions' fields appear and disappear as function of solar cycle.
A forthcoming paper will incorporate these complex background magnetic fields
in the Sun in order to investigate further the differences between the
input plasma flow and the output tracking-speed.

All of the flux-transport dynamo models discussed above are axisymmetric
and therefore only include the longitude-averaged meridional flow. Given
the recent observations of strong inflow-cells around active regions
\citep{skz07,hht09}, which
have not only latitude dependence but also longitude dependence, flux-transport
dynamos need to be generalized to include longitudinal dependence in
meridional flow.

\acknowledgements

We thank Sarbani Basu for supplying us their meridional flow data from
their recent paper that is currently in press. We extend our thanks to
Laurent Gizon for sharing his meridional flow data and for many helpful
discussions. We also thank an anonymous reviewer for many helpful comments
which have helped improve the paper. This work is partially supported by
NASA's Living With a Star program through the grant NNX08AQ34G.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


The weather was great yesterday and I rode downtown that evening. I got some more great shots of the Sportster behind the Intermedia Arts building on Lyndale. They repainted the building since I was there last year. Here are some black-and-whites. Come back tomorrow for color versions.


text:
Top Geologists
Geologists, Paleontologists and Geographers
Here's our alphabetical list of the most popular geologists/paleontologists/geographers, or scientists who made significant contribution to these fields, on the Famous Scientists website.
Luis Alvarez 1911 – 1988.
The iridium layer, dinosaur death by meteorite impact, and subatomic particle discoveries.
Anaximander c. 610 BC – c 546 BC.
An ancient scientific revolution: the first person in history to recognize that our planet is free in space and does not need to sit on something; produced one of the first ever maps of the world.
Mary Anning 1799 – 1847.
Ancient animals, fossils, and paleontology: discovered the first complete specimen of a plesiosaur; deduced the diets of dinosaurs.
J Harlen Bretz 1882 – 1981.
After decades of ridicule from uniformitarian geologists established that immense, cataclysmic floods created extraordinary landscapes in America's Pacific Northwest.
James Croll 1821 – 1890.
Provided the first mechanism accounting for ice ages; said climate change is caused by periodic changes in Earth's orbit affecting the amount of energy received from the sun; devised the concept of ice-albedo feedback.
Georges Cuvier 1769 – 1832.
Father of paleontology; species extinction; master of comparative anatomy – established that a fossil he named pterodactyl was a flying reptile; promoted the theory of catastrophism; argued species were fixed and did not evolve.
Eratosthenes c. 276 BC – c. 194 BC.
Accurately calculated Earth's size 2,500 years ago; founded the science of geography; and devised the famous prime number sieve.
Stephen Jay Gould 1941 – 2002.
Paleontologist who devised the theory of punctuated equilibrium, which proposes that evolution consists of long periods of stability broken by shorter periods of rapid change. An award-winning author and popularizer of science.
Jack Horner Born 1946.
Popularizer of science: discovered that dinosaurs cared for their young and some nested in colonies. Working on reactivating dormant dinosaur DNA to hatch a modern-day dinosaur.
James Hutton 1726 – 1797.
Founded modern geology. Found our planet is very much older than previously believed; devised the principle of uniformitarianism, which says our world was shaped by natural processes such as erosion and deposition; stated the theory of evolution by natural selection before Darwin was born.
Inge Lehmann 1888 – 1993.
Analyzed earthquake waves to discover that within our planet's liquid core, at the earth's center, there is a solid core whose diameter is greater than 1,000 km.
Matthew Maury 1806 – 1873.
A founder of modern oceanography; mapped the North Atlantic Ocean floor, discovering a submarine mountain range – part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge; invented the 'electric torpedo,' the most devastating naval weapon of the American Civil War.
John Michell 1724 – 1793.
First to suggest earthquakes are caused by movements of rocks miles below Earth's surface and travel long distances as waves; invented the torsion balance to weigh our planet.
Milutin Milanković 1879 – 1958.
The first science-based climate predictions for the other rocky planets; Milankovitch cycles offer a robust mathematical explanation of recurring ice ages and climate change based on Earth's orbital changes.
Gene Shoemaker 1928 to 1997.
The first astrogeologist and a founder of planetary impact science; proved large craters on Earth were caused by collisions with asteroids and comets rather than volcanic activity; proposed microscopic life could travel between planets on rocks blasted into space by asteroid impacts.
Nicolas Steno 1638 – 1686.
A founder of modern geology; established some of its fundamental principles, including the law that the oldest layers of rock are found below younger layers.
Harold Urey 1893 – 1981.
Discovered deuterium; showed how isotope ratios in rocks reveal past Earth climates; founded modern planetary science; the Miller-Urey experiment demonstrated that electrically sparking simple gases produces amino acids – the building blocks of life.
Alfred Wegener 1880 – 1930.
Discovered continental drift, proposing that our planet once consisted of ocean surrounding a single great continent he called Pangea that split apart over many millions of years to form the continents we see today.


More links for "120GB SSDNow UV400 Drive SATA 6Gb/s 2.5" (7mm height) Solid State Hard Drive - (SUV400S37/1"
Very fast SSD. Win 7 only takes about 15 min's to install from scratch. That's on a SATA2 port as well! Installations of software are also very fast sometimes you have to double check it installed its that fast the Win 7 OS onscreen messages cannot keep up with it!!
For the bargain price this is an essential upgrade & also looks very shiny & chrome! As always you can spend 5 times more but you will not get that difference in real world speed.


Bruce and Betty Muretisch, the owners of Pied Piper Nursery School since May 2009, bring with them a vast background in business and managerial skills and techniques.
Bruce and Betty, married over 30 years, have been residents of St. Clairsville, Ohio for 22 years, where they raised two children, Adam and Audrey (Mellott). Bruce, a long-time Mechanical Engineer is currently a business consultant for a firm based in Pittsburgh, PA, that specializes in the areas of quality management, and continuous improvement in both national and international Standards. He has served as an officer on the school board of Pleasant Grove Christian School and has strong interests in the advancement of children in education, social development, and Christian values. Betty, a Registered Nurse, is the Director of Claims for The Health Plan, a local HMO. They are both excited to be involved in the education of your children and hope to make their mark in the Ohio Valley by bringing new and exciting programs to Preschool education.
© Copyright 2009 - 2017 Pied Piper Nursery School. All Rights Reserved.


By using and/or accessing our website, content or services, you agree to be bound by our terms.
These terms and conditions will be governed in accordance with the laws of South Africa, and the user of this website will submit to the jurisdiction of the South African courts.
AdvisorIQ failure to exercise any particular right or provision of these terms and conditions shall not constitute a waiver of such right or provision.
These terms and conditions will form a written contract between you and AdvisorIQ and will govern our relationship and your use of our platform, content and/or services.
When we refer to "platforms" we mean our website, emails, social media platforms or any other technology or mechanism you may use to interact with us. "Services" refer to any products, goods, services or functionality offered, owned or operated by AdvisorIQ via our platforms.
The general use of our Services, Platforms and any content on our platforms is governed by our Terms.
"Content" refers to any information, data, files, text, software, music, sound, photographs, graphics, images, video, messages, comments, hyperlinks or tags and other material appearing on our Platforms or Services and all applicable copyrights, trademarks, patents, logos or other intellectual property rights displayed on our Platforms or Services.
All content included on the AdvisorIQ website is the property of AdvisorIQ and is protected by international and/or applicable national copyright laws.
The compilation of all content and data on the AdvisorIQ website is the exclusive property of AdvisorIQ and is protected by international and/or applicable national copyright laws.
All software used on the AdvisorIQ website is the property of AdvisorIQ, its affiliates, or its software suppliers and protected by international and/or applicable national copyright laws.
You must not distribute, sell, rent, sublicense or lease any information or data obtained from the AdvisorIQ website and/or any AdvisorIQ services.
AdvisorIQ owns or is entitled to use all of the Content made available on our Platforms or through our Services.
frame any portion of a web page that is part of our Platforms or Services.
You use our Platforms and Services at your own risk.
While we endeavour to ensure that the information on our Platforms or Services is correct, we do not warrant the accuracy and completeness of Content on our Platforms or Services or that the Content and technology available from our Platforms or Services are free from errors or omissions.
We may make changes to the Content on our Platforms or Services at any time without notice. The Content on our Platforms or Services may be out of date, and in this regard, we make no commitment to update such Content.
To the extent allowed by law, we shall not be liable for any damage, loss or liability of whatsoever nature arising from the use or inability to use our Platforms or Services or Content provided from or through our Platforms or Services.
Our Platforms and Services are supplied on an "as is" basis and have not been compiled or supplied to meet any user's individual requirements. It is your sole responsibility to satisfy yourself prior to entering into this agreement with us that the Services available on or through our Platforms will meet your individual requirements and be compatible with your hardware and/or software.
Information, ideas and opinions expressed on our Platforms or Services should not be regarded as professional advice or our official opinion and you are encouraged to consult professional advice before taking any course of action related to information, ideas or opinions expressed on our Platforms or Services.
To be effective and relevant in the services we provide you.
All information of a personal nature submitted or provided by visitors will be treated confidentially and will not be disclosed to any person without express consent of the visitor concerned.
However, disclosure or any information provided or submitted by a visitor may be made where such information is in the public domain or AdvisorIQ is obliged in terms of any law, order of court, legal process or other lawful reason to disclose such information.
E-mails send by AdvisorIQ contains privileged or confidential information and may be subject to legal privilege.
Although no one can guarantee the security of the information collected and received, we do employ a number of safeguards intended to mitigate the risk of unauthorised access or disclosure of your information. We will do our best to protect your personal information and we will use up to date technology that will help us to do this.