text:
Dehumanizing Victorians, Dehumanizing Ourselves
There has never been a time when human beings weren't human. Deal with it.
It has long been fashionable in American political discourse to denounce as "Puritanical" any viewpoint that on its face seems to limit human pleasure. If someone suggests that alcohol taxes be raised for example, the P word will usually be flung at him or her to induce shamed silence. Perhaps it is true that if you are going to be rude to another person, being ignorant at the same time doesn't make things much worse, but nonetheless, consider the historical inaccuracy of the P word insult. As I have discussed before, the Puritans opposed prohibition of alcohol because they didn't want to deny people the fun of drinking (They also celebrated mutual sexual pleasure as an essential part of marriage).
This painting can't be sexy because it's Victorian
It's not just the Puritans who endure the calumny of being inhuman pleasure-haters. Pity the Victorians.
"I have no problem with sex workers making a living in their chosen way. The only reason American cities aren't full of streetwalkers is because of our sexually repressive Victorian culture". So declared a cultural sophisticate at a swish cocktail party which your humble scribe attended. Having no wish to do her an injury, I did not point out that tens of thousands of prostitutes walked the streets of Victorian London. But my forbearance doesn't make her historical comparison less naive.
Lest my plaint be interpreted as mere professorial pettifogging, let me make clear why I defend the humanity of The Puritans and Victorians. It's not for them. They've joined the choir invisible and will therefore not be offended by the serried slanders of what Chesterton called the arrogant oligarchy of those who merely happen to be walking about. My concern is with the living.
When someone tries to silence a living person, for example by calling a feminist who objects to violent pornography a "sex-hating Puritan", they are committing a sin not just against history but against humanity. Just as the accuser is degrading the past, they are also degrading the present. A Puritan then and an anti-porn feminist today could like sex just fine, because human beings rarely conform to cardboard stereotypes. Waking up to the reality that the Puritans, the Victorians and every other group of people who have ever lived were complex, contradictory, full-blooded human beings can help one better appreciate that the same is true of the people who live on the planet today.
To put it more bluntly: There has never been a time when human beings weren't human. Deal with it.
Author Keith HumphreysPosted on December 12, 2013 May 18, 2019 Categories Culture & Civil Society
53 thoughts on "Dehumanizing Victorians, Dehumanizing Ourselves"
My historical hero, Henry Marten was a Puritan. After the English monarchy was restored in 1660, he spent the rest of his life under house arrest. With his girlfriend, to whom he was not married.
Excellent post. Thank you.
One of the historians who have debunked the Lytton Strachey view of Victorian sexuality was the late Roy Porter.
The issue has become mixed up with gender inequality. Almost all Victorians, and Puritans before them, did if course believe in that, as in racial inequality. Science and the Bible concurred on both, didn't they? The idea that (bourgeois) women were asexual, if it was held at all, coexisted with the older view that women were inferior because they were ragingly sexual and needed a firm patriarchal hand to control them.
Peter T says:
I think it was Steven Marcus in The Other Victorians who made the point that a more restrictive attitude to sex was sometimes felt to be positively liberating by lower class Victorian women, as it held men to a higher standard than the previous culture of casual exploitation (very evident in say, Fielding).
Frank Wilhoit says:
"To put it more bluntly: There has never been a time when human beings weren't human. Deal with it."
To put it even more bluntly, there has never been a time when the humanity of human beings was not a problem so grave and so immediate that its very dimensions could not even be candidly acknowledged. That is why we can't deal with it, but have always retreated into shock, denial, and paralysis.
Pete Guither says:
Like it or not, the words "puritanical" and "Victorian" have developed their own definitions. I would assume that when someone calls something "puritanical," they are not specifically referring to Puritans, but the meaning of the word "puritanical."
From Merriam-Webster:
puritanical: : very strict especially concerning morals and religion : of, relating to, or characterized by a rigid morality
Victorian : typical of the moral standards, attitudes, or conduct of the age of Victoria especially when considered stuffy, prudish, or hypocritical
And certainly, being very strict in application of moral standards doesn't mean not enjoying sexual pleasure, But again, I would imagine in most cases when "puritanical" or "Victorian" is invoked it, in fact, refers to someone having particular moral views regarding the manner in which OTHERS enjoy their sexual pleasure.
"sex-hating Puritan" is actually several concepts rolled into one, which, in fact, kind of rebuts your argument that "puritanical" is being misused. After all, by adding the adjective "sex-hating," they're clearly referring to a particular subset of Puritans that are "sex-hating" thereby acknowledging that others are not.
Like it or not, the words "puritanical" and "Victorian" have developed their own definitions. I would assume that when someone calls something "puritanical," they are not specifically referring to Puritans, but the meaning of the word "puritanical."
Exactly. This is not a public policy post, it's a post insisting on linguistic prescriptivism in the face of established usage.
At this point in history, we have to have a word for people who are overzealous in their desire to regulate the conduct of others on the basis of pure morality concerns. The word we use is "puritan". It doesn't matter if it is a "correct" description of the Puritans or not.
This is not a public policy post, it's a post insisting on linguistic prescriptivism in the face of established usage.
You are correct on the first part, but not the second. It's a post about honoring the humanity of other human beings, living or dead.
So we can't use Philistine to mean someone who is intellectually incurious either? We can't use Luddite to refer to people who resist technological advance?
The language is full of these sorts of words. Because language is democratic– whatever usage a majority approves in a reasonably formal register becomes a correct usage. There's nothing you really can do about it.
It's a post about honoring the humanity of other human beings, living or dead.
Language Log is a popular site devoted to language debates if that is what interests you.
Keith, I'm not the one who posted on this blog a linguistic complaint based on a criterion that, if taken seriously, would eliminate hundreds of useful words from the English language (and which actually can't be taken seriously because language resists efforts of commentators to control it through these sorts of efforts).
If you think this debate was better suited for language log, you should have guest posted there.
I'm afraid you are missing the point entirely. The post was not about language it was about how human beings view each other and treat each other. If you don't like the message of it, okay.
I addressed the substance below. We properly condemn Puritanism (as currently defined) because it is a character fault to want to dictate the private choices of others.
The word- whether a slur on the actual Puritans or not- accurately describes a mindset that both exists and is worthy of condemnation. Indeed, Puritanism in its more extreme forms is a rejection of the concept of a free society.
The American public is therefore correct to use this wonderful word and to condemn the mindset and worldview it stands for.
As I said, the post is about honoring the humanity of other human beings. If you don't like the message of it, okay.
John A Arkansawyer says:
We can't use Luddite to refer to people who resist technological advance?
Obviously you can, but it perpetuates a lie about who the Luddites were, what they wanted, and what they achieved. And it's a slur. You can, of course, use it if you wish. I'm seldom a prescriptivist, either. But you shouldn't. That lie is very useful to powerful people today, and I find it irresponsible to help them. That's all aside from the question of fidelity to the truth, and aside from Keith's point, especially as it refers to the defenseless dead.
J. Michael Neal says:
You assume that linguistics has value but history has none.
Michael, what about Philistine?
You can't cleanse language of every word that ever described a group inaccurately.
I use Luddite because it has a useful meaning. If it offends you, maybe you should grow a thicker skin.
The primary use I know for the word Luddite is to lie to people. It's a lie that the original Luddites were anti-technology. They smashed the looms because the looms were being used to destroy their way of life and make them the earliest victims of the Industrial Revolution, not because they didn't like the technology. It is usually a lie when it is used today, as it's typically used to describe people who object to technology being used against their interests rather than people who object to technology per se.
tl;dr? Try this: I'd find it useful to use words deceptively, too, if my conscience would allow it.
Freeman says:
Honoring the humanity of other human beings is a noble gesture, but sometimes we just have to call a spade a spade. After all, we're only human!
Opps! unmangled link (hopefully): call a spade a spade
GiT says:
It clearly does matter, if people know the word puritan means prudish, and then assume that Puritans were prudish when this is false. Unless cultivating false beliefs doesn't matter, of course.
Well, every time you eat a Hamburger and French Fries you cultivate false beliefs too.
Society has 99 problems and this ain't one.
the existence of other problems doesn't make minor problems not problems. Nice fallacy though.
This is a non-problem, not a minor problem. Language works that way, the only way for it not to work that way is for us to stop using language. The use of this sort of group labeling is inherent in symbolic communication.
But even if it were just a minor problem, it is NOT a fallacy to say that declining to solve minor problems can be better than trying to solve them.
So declared a cultural sophisticate at a swish cocktail party which your humble scribe attended.
Courtesy of An American's Guide to Canada: "Swish – A kind of liquor made from putting water into barrels that have previously held some sort of alcohol (whisky, brandy, whatever) and letting the alcohol leach out of the wood. Drunk by university students who like to go blind."
Be careful out there, Keith.
Can you please write in a larger font? Having trouble making out the letters…
DGM says:
This is more commonly known as Screech. Supposedly from the sound one makes when drinking it.
John G says:
Screech is a very high-proof rum usually associated with Newfoundland. Drinking it is alleged to give you delusions of Gander.
Modernism: the fallacy that the current age has escaped the bonds of history.
That painting is curious, by the way: it appears to be a circa 1890-1900 portrayal of people wearing fashions of the 1830s and sitting on a piece of upholstered furniture in the style of about 1900.
@Betsy: I do love your quote.
The painting is "A Conquest" also known as "A Heart for a Rose". John Lavery painted it in 1882. I saw it in Glasgow and was enchanted.
Tony P. says:
"A Heart for a Rose". Ah. That answers my question: who is conquering who?
The painting certainly looks Victorian, but what's that ipod-charger-cord-looking wire dangling from the gentleman's right boot???
It's a riding whip
Ah, so that's what that was. I thought he was just happy to see her! Next you'll tell me she's not actually about to take his temperature.
It is true that words like "Victorian" or "Puritan" are a bit unfair. But the concept remains valid–the personality type is very real. Fortunately, we have the words that express the concept, without doing violence to history. "Prude" is one. I prefer the Australian import: "wowser."
Venice says:
Two great aphorisms: "To put it more bluntly: There has never been a time when human beings weren't human. Deal with it." and "Modernism: the fallacy that the current age has escaped the bonds of history."
Jean Lepley says:
"Machiavellian" joins ""puritanical" and "Victorian" in escaping the historical truth of its referent. Machiavelli was among other things a lover of freedom, jailed and I think even tortured for his political views.
Ed Whitney says:
Aw, only a bunch of crybabies consider the strappado to be "torture."
It is amusing that, in practice, Niccolo Machiavelli was one of the least Machiavellian of individuals.
When someone tries to silence a living person, for example by calling a feminist who objects to violent pornography a "sex-hating Puritan", they are committing a sin not just against history but against humanity. Just as the accuser is degrading the past, they are also degrading the present. A Puritan then and an anti-porn feminist today could like sex just fine, because human beings rarely conform to cardboard stereotypes.
I don't think the claim has ever been that puritan types don't like sex. Of course they may enjoy doing the nasty and making hot sweaty monkey love with their significant other in 15 different positions whenever the mood arises.
You are knocking down a straw man.
The real significance of the claim that someone is a "puritan" is that they either derive pleasure from the regulation of the private conduct of others, or believe that they should have the right to impose their beliefs and choices about matters of personal morality on other people.
In other words, it has nothing to do with how much fun the puritan is having in his or her own bedroom; it's that he or she is way too concerned with what other people are doing in theirs (or what substances they are ingesting or what risky conduct they are engaging in).
arjay says:
Just to add — the Puritans didn't call themselves Puritans. It was a pejorative applied against Protestants that found the Church of England too Catholic — don't know when it began to refer to sex and social behavior as opposed to theology. Anyway, it was inaccurate way back when. Part of dealing with humans being human, I guess, is that they invent inaccurate pejoratives when they encounter groups they don't particularly like.
Andrew Sabl says:
Keith, I'm afraid I agree strongly with Pete Guither and Ebenezer Scrooge above that you're missing the point about the word "Puritan" (often used with lower case). It is *not intended as a historical referent* but has now become the generic label for someone who enjoys restricting others' pleasure. I'm the first to want to get the actual Puritans right (chris y is correct; and one prominent supporter of the so-called Puritan or Presbyterian faction was the most notorious pimp in London). But people who call a position puritan–by the way, I almost never hear "Victorian" anymore–are simply adapting to the fact that "blue-nose" and Scrooge's favorite and mine, "wowser," are not common terms in contemporary American English. "Prude" is, I guess, but so is "puritan." "Deal with it."
It really doesn't make any sense to call this either a historical mistake or some sort of libel, because no referent to the historical group is intended. And unlike the case in which people use a live ethnic label for a negative quality ("Jew someone down," "Indian giver"), the unthinking use in this case of what was originally a slur attached to a group of people cannot be objected to as likely to foster social disrespect or discrimination, because the Puritans no longer exist. (Do you also have a beef against "barbaric"?)
Your desire to rehabilitate the Puritans and Victorians seems to me a distraction from your real point: that people who use the label intend to, and often do, shut down debate regarding regulating (not prohibiting) a certain behavior when there might in fact be a good case for doing so. That point is valid. But it has nothing to do with whether one uses, or misuses, a label that once named a group. The problem was identical when the Kiwi millionaire Bob Jones wrote a book "Wowser Whacking" attacking, among other things, tobacco regulation. (He lost.)
Hi Andy — It was never true, not then or now, that people should be de-humanized by labels. It isn't fair to the people in the past, or in the present. When you recognize that these labels don't apply to their historical referent (because there is no historical referent, there cannot be because humans beings have always been human) it should lead I think to a realization that they don't really apply now, i.e., people who are being dehumanized today don't deserve it either, no one does.
I recognize that some may feel that no, a certain portion of people then and now do deserve to have their humanity denied, for whatever reason. I'm not naive that I can stop that: There's a world of hatred out there obviously. But that doesn't mean I can't disagree with the dehumanization or suggest a different way for human beings to treat each other.
I guess I just don't understand the part of your claim where you portray a label like puritan (or wowser) as dehumanizing. I suppose all political labels are an appeal to the kind of passions we should try to avoid in favor of using sweet reason all the time. But that's a high standard, and politics would grow pretty silent pretty quickly if we placed a ban on any statement containing an unfavorable label of an opponent. As labels go, puritan or wowser seems far less virulent than many.
Part of this is that I don't think it's actually very common to label proponents of porn regulation as hating sex in their own lives. (I think that the Anonymous of December 12 at 2 p.m. got this right: "The real significance of the claim that someone is a 'puritan' is that they either derive pleasure from the regulation of *the private conduct of others*…") The claim, which strikes me as easily exaggerated but sometimes fair comment and not automatically false, is that many people have trouble realizing that modes of pleasure that are unfamiliar or distasteful to themselves may, *when experienced by other people constituted differently from themselves,* be similar in kind to the modes of pleasure that they themselves enjoy.
Thomas Nagel has published some good work on this: Many people think it's harmless to regulate, for example, unfamiliar sexual practices because they imagine *themselves* engaging in those practices (e.g. a straight man imaginines how it would feel *for him* to have sex with a man), and conclude too much from the fact that they would find those practices disgusting. They find it difficult to imagine how such acts feel *to the people who actually find them natural and enjoyable.* This failure of imagination is what people who use labels like wowser are driving at. It strikes me as a very common failure, and as somethign that commonly produces more regulation than ought in fact to occur. And I don't think it's dehumanizing to attribute this vice to proponents of moral regulation. In fact, I think that the prospect of such attribution has the good effect of forcing people to think very hard–*as we should*–when proposing regulation of things that others enjoy.
Andy – I don't find that distinction between different ways of shutting other people down important. That is, it's dehumanizing to say to a feminist who doesn't like porn that she hates the thought of other people having sex when in truth there is nothing inconsistent with liking sex in general (by anyone) and thinking that pornography degrades women. To admit that possibility is only to accept that an anti-porn feminist could be as human as the next human and not a cardboard stereotype. So no matter which way the attack is intended (She hates sex in her own life or she hates other people being happy in their sex lives) I don't see it as humanizing.
So no matter which way the attack is intended (She hates sex in her own life or she hates other people being happy in their sex lives) I don't see it as humanizing.
But what if the second form of the attack is true?
Heck, as Andrew points out, sometimes even the FIRST form of the attack is true. People attacked gays and lesbians for the base reason that they didn't like that form of sex. Indeed, they sometimes engaged in violence against gays and lesbians based solely on that principle. If an LGBT advocate says "just because YOU don't like having sex with someone of the same gender doesn't mean that you should prevent other people who do enjoy it from having it", isn't that a TRUE statement? And if it is true, why does it matter whether it is humanizing, dehumanizing, or whatever?
But let's go back to the second form of the attack. The [person we are not calling "Puritan"] says that sex is fine between a husband and a wife wanting to conceive a child, but shouldn't be engaged in between two college students who are casual acquaintences and who just want momentary pleasure. Now, the [person who we are not calling "Puritan"] is NOT saying that he doesn't like sex. If the college students come back and say "that's just because you don't like sex", that would be false. And maybe dehumanizing as well, I don't know.
But what if the college students come back and say "just because you don't think it works in your life to have sex with someone you aren't married to purely for hedonistic reasons doesn't mean it can't work in our life", that attack is true. And if the college students then ask "does it give you pleasure to intervene in our lives and restrict our choices based on what you like to do?", isn't that a legitimate question? And if it is, why does it matter whether it is humanizing or not?
It seems to me that "truth" is a lot more important value than "humanization" here.
And finally, none of this has anything to do with being shut down. You can continue to make any arguments you want. But what it does have to do with is taking those arguments out of a bland cost-benefit analysis where you try to establish that a particular choice is harmful and then stop it. Instead, you have to first establish, as Andrew asks you, whether or not you are imposing your own standards of pleasure and benefit on other people.
To take this back to drug policy, an area that you care a lot about, it wouldn't mean that, for instance, you couldn't still argue for particular restrictions on marijuana. But what it does mean is that you can't simply assume that the pleasure experienced by marijuana users has no value just because you do not find it pleasurable or think that the pleasure is immoral or think that it is valueless because the activity is so risky. You have to take into account the fact that other people have different subjective experiences than you do, different values, and that their subjective experiences and values count even if you don't experience them.
Indeed, isn't that approach– respecting the subjective pleasure of other people– part of "humanizing" other people?
And for a demonstration of this I give you Ross Douthat, who completely ignores the fact that perhaps all those women having sex with the Lotharios he despises are ENJOYING the casual sex and don't feel that the experience is ruined just because the person whom they have sex with does not become their husband and the father of their children:
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/opinion/sunday/douthat-the-daughter-theory.html?ref=rossdouthat
This sort of thing, which again, in deference to you I will not label "puritanism", is precisely what Andrew is talking about. Someone not understanding that someone else might have different modes of pleasure than he (or his wife) does.
Why don't you answer Andrew's question about "barbaric"?
And you are also trying to make a procedural objection do substantive work. Even if you were right about the word puritan, the desire to override other people's choices is still arrogant and antithetical to freedom. We just need another word to strongly condemn it.
And you are also trying to make a procedural objection do substantive work.
You mistake me as trying to persuade you of something. I really like what I expressed in the post and I am happy many people resonated with it. If you didn't, that's not something in my view that needs to be settled in argument over whether you should've liked it VERSUS I shouldn't have written it. It's a big world with lots of diverse opinions in it (and lots of other people to read if what I write here doesn't resonate with you).
My own hobby-horse along these lines is "Potemkin village", denoting a sham, stage-set presentation to a ruler or the media to create a false impression of a real achievement. Catherine the Great appointed her ex-lover Count Grigori Potemkin as viceroy of the vast Ukraine, newly conquered from the Turks; a great responsibility. A few years later she went on a triumphal tour. On her return Potemkin's enemies in St. Petersburg put about the story that Potemkin had shown her such bogus villages. Maybe he had gilded the lily, as you and Catherine would expect; but his achievements were great, including the creation of Sebastopol as a naval base. The lie has passed into the general culture, so I'm complaining against the wind.
The implication that Potemkin got the job because he was good in bed is ridiculous. Catherine went through a good number of handsome, brainless young officers, but she did not give them positions of responsibility as rewards. Potemkin was a political confidant and friend long after their sexual relationship ended.
You sank my battleship!!
byomtov says:
You mean Potemkin villages were the real Rock Ridge?
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text:
1 Kings 61 Kings 8
1 Kings 7 Young's Literal Translation (YLT)
7 And his own house hath Solomon built thirteen years, and he finisheth all his house.
2 And he buildeth the house of the forest of Lebanon; a hundred cubits [is] its length, and fifty cubits its breadth, and thirty cubits its height, on four rows of cedar pillars, and cedar-beams on the pillars;
3 and [it is] covered with cedar above, on the sides that [are] on the forty and five pillars, fifteen in the row.
4 And windows [are] in three rows, and sight [is] over-against sight three times.
5 And all the openings and the side-posts [are] square -- windows; and sight [is] over-against sight three times.
6 And the porch of the pillars he hath made; fifty cubits its length, and thirty cubits its breadth, and the porch [is] before them, and pillars and a thick place [are] before them.
7 And the porch of the throne where he judgeth -- the porch of judgment -- he hath made, and [it is] covered with cedar from the floor unto the floor.
8 As to his house where he dwelleth, the other court [is] within the porch -- as this work it hath been; and a house he maketh for the daughter of Pharaoh -- whom Solomon hath taken -- like this porch.
9 All these [are] of precious stone, according to the measures of hewn work, sawn with a saw, within and without, even from the foundation unto the coping, and at the outside, unto the great court.
10 And the foundation [is] of precious stone, great stones, stones of ten cubits, and stones of eight cubits;
11 and above [are] precious stone, according to the measures of hewn work, and cedar;
12 and the great court round about [is] three rows of hewn work, and a row of cedar-beams, even for the inner court of the house of Jehovah, and for the porch of the house.
13 And king Solomon sendeth and taketh Hiram out of Tyre --
14 he [is] son of a woman, a widow, of the tribe of Naphtali, and his father a man of Tyre, a worker in brass, and he is filled with the wisdom and the understanding, and the knowledge to do all work in brass -- and he cometh unto king Solomon, and doth all his work.
15 And he formeth the two pillars of brass; eighteen cubits [is] the height of the one pillar, and a cord of twelve cubits doth compass the second pillar.
16 And two chapiters he hath made to put on the tops of the pillars, cast in brass; five cubits the height of the one chapiter, and five cubits the height of the second chapiter.
17 Nets of net-work, wreaths of chain-work [are] for the chapiters that [are] on the top of the pillars, seven for the one chapiter, and seven for the second chapiter.
18 And he maketh the pillars, and two rows round about on the one net-work, to cover the chapiters that [are] on the top, with the pomegranates, and so he hath made for the second chapiter.
19 And the chapiters that [are] on the top of the pillars [are] of lily-work in the porch, four cubits;
20 and the chapiters on the two pillars also above, over-against the protuberance that [is] beside the net; and the pomegranates [are] two hundred, in rows round about on the second chapiter.
21 And he raiseth up the pillars for the porch of the temple, and he raiseth up the right pillar, and calleth its name Jachin, and he raiseth up the left pillar, and calleth its name Boaz;
22 and on the top of the pillars [is] lily-work; and the work of the pillars [is] completed.
23 And he maketh the molten sea, ten by the cubit from its edge unto its edge; [it is] round all about, and five by the cubit [is] its height, and a line of thirty by the cubit doth compass it round about;
24 and knops beneath its brim round about are compassing it, ten by the cubit, going round the sea round about; in two rows [are] the knops, cast in its being cast.
25 It is standing on twelve oxen, three facing the north, and three facing the west, and three facing the south, and three facing the east, and the sea [is] upon them above, and all their hinder parts [are] inward.
26 And its thickness [is] an handbreadth, and its edge as the work of the edge of a cup, flowers of lilies; two thousand baths it containeth.
27 And he maketh the ten bases of brass; four by the cubit [is] the length of the one base, and four by the cubit its breadth, and three by the cubit its height.
28 And this [is] the work of the base: they have borders, and the borders [are] between the joinings;
29 and on the borders that [are] between the joinings [are] lions, oxen, and cherubs, and on the joinings a base above, and beneath the lions and the oxen [are] additions -- sloping work.
30 And four wheels of brass [are] to the one base, and axles of brass; and its four corners have shoulders -- under the laver [are] the molten shoulders, beside each addition.
31 And its mouth within the chapiter and above [is] by the cubit, and its mouth [is] round, the work of the base, a cubit and half a cubit; and also on its mouth [are] carvings and their borders, square, not round.
32 And the four wheels [are] under the borders, and the spokes of the wheels [are] in the base, and the height of the one wheel [is] a cubit and half a cubit.
33 And the work of the wheels [is] as the work of the wheel of a chariot, their spokes, and their axles, and their felloes, and their naves; the whole [is] molten.
34 And four shoulders [are] unto the four corners of the one base; out of the base [are] its shoulders.
35 And in the top of the base [is] the half of a cubit in the height all round about; and on the top of the base its spokes and its borders [are] of the same.
36 And he openeth on the tablets of its spokes, and on its borders, cherubs, lions, and palm-trees, according to the void space of each, and additions round about.
37 Thus he hath made the ten bases; one casting, one measure, one form, have they all.
38 And he maketh ten lavers of brass; forty baths doth the one laver contain, four by the cubit [is] the one laver, one laver on the one base [is] to the ten bases;
39 and he putteth the five bases on the right side of the house, and five on the left side of the house, and the sea he hath put on the right side of the house, eastward -- over-against the south.
40 And Hiram maketh the lavers, and the shovels, and the bowls; and Hiram completeth to do all the work that he made for king Solomon, [for] the house of Jehovah;
41 pillars two, and bowls of the chapiters that [are] on the top of the pillars two, and the nets two, to cover the two bowls of the chapiters that [are] on the top of the pillars;
42 and the pomegranates four hundred for the two nets, two rows of pomegranates for the one net, to cover the two bowls of the chapiters that [are] on the front of the pillars;
43 and the ten bases, and the ten lavers on the bases;
44 and the one sea, the twelve oxen under the sea,
45 and the pots, and the shovels, and the bowls; and all these vessels, that Hiram hath made to king Solomon [for] the house of Jehovah, [are] of brass -- polished.
46 In the circuit of the Jordan hath the king cast them, in the thick soil of the ground, between Succoth and Zarthan.
47 And Solomon placeth the whole of the vessels; because of the very great abundance, the weight of the brass hath not been searched out.
48 And Solomon maketh all the vessels that [are] in the house of Jehovah: the altar of gold, and the table -- on which [is] the bread of the Presence -- of gold,
49 and the candlesticks, five on the right, and five on the left, before the oracle, of refined gold, and the flowers, and the lamps, and the tongs, of gold,
50 and the basins, and the snuffers, and the bowls, and the spoons, and the censers, of refined gold, and the hinges for the doors of the inner-house, for the holy of holies, for the doors of the house of the temple, of gold.
51 And it is complete -- all the work that king Solomon hath made [for] the house of Jehovah, and Solomon bringeth in the sanctified things of David his father; the silver, and the gold, and the vessels he hath put in the treasuries of the house of Jehovah.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


There are few regions in the world with such a great variety of wines like Veneto. Think about the fact that here there are some of the best red and white wines or Prosecco besides a great choice of grappa and spirits. It is not a case that the people of Veneto are renown to appreciate high-quality wines and they never refuse a glass of wine.
Red wines of Veneto are produced above all in the area of Valpolicella, at the feet of the Alps of Verona, a place that has the perfect conditions to produce a great wine, given the abundance of water and the mild temperature for the whole year.
Valpolicella is obtained through the use of three autoctone varieties of grapes: Corvina, Molinari and Rondinella.
The wine is called Valpolicella Classico when the producers use vines located in the area of historical Valpolicella, enclosed between the municipalities of S. Ambrogio, Marano and Negrar. From wine Valpolicella Classico, through a process of maceration of the pomace and the right aging in barrels, results also Ripasso and Valpolicella Superiore. Recioto instead is a delicious sweet wine, using the same grapes after withering them.
From Recioto, then, comes one of the most famous wines of the world, Amarone della Valpolicella, with a high alcoholic volume and a unique taste, perfect with red meats and game.
The white wines of Veneto are characterized by a straw yellow colour and an astringent taste; worth mentioning is Soave produced in the area of the city with the same name famous for its medieval castle. This wine is produced with a 80% with grapes of the variety Garganega and the other 20% with Trebbiano.
Another white wine of the area of Garganega is Gambellara, less popular but equally precious of the other wine of the same place, that is produces using exclusively the variety Garganega.
White wines of Veneto can be perfectly paired with dishes of fish, in particular "Baccalà alla Vicentina" (english Vicenza-style codfish), or as aperitif.
If there is a type of wine that identify Veneto all over the world, this is prosecco, that comes from the area of Treviso and Belluno. Prosecco of Veneto is produced in the area of Treviso and Belluno. Prosecco of Veneto is produced in different varieties starting from the variety Glera at 85%, whereas the other 15% can come from different grapes, according to the result that you want to obtain.
The most spread varieties are brut and demi-sec (dry and extra-dry), but there are also great rosé wines and "Millesimato" obtained with grapes produced in a specific year. Prosecco of Veneto is a must during the happy hour together with appetizers like for instance croutons of cornmeal mush and grilled radicchio.
Veneto is also known for the wide choice of liqueurs and spirits produced above all in the area of Prealpi. The mountain tradition of this places is enclosed in the aromas and in the tastes of grappas and local spirits, often flavored and sipped at the end of the meal as digestive.


text:
[PDF&VCE] Lead2pass Cisco 100-105 Latest Exam Dumps Download (171-190)
2016 get prepared with fully updated Cisco 100-105 real exam questions and accurate answers for 100-105 exam. Lead2pass IT experts review the 100-105 newly added questions and offer correct Cisco 100-105 exam questions answers. 100% pass easily!
Which of the following are types of flow control? (Choose three.)
A. buffering
B. cut-through
C. windowing
D. congestion avoidance
E. load balancing
http://www.info-it.net/cisco/ccna/exam-tips/flow-control.php
During Transfer of data, a high speed computer is generating data traffic a lot faster than the network device can handle in transferring to destination, so single gateway or destination device cannot handle much amount of traffic that is called "Congestion".
Buffering
The Technie is used to control the data transfer when we have congestion, when a network device receive a data it stores in memory section and then transfer to next destination this process called "Buffering".
Windowing Whereas Windowing is used for flow control by the Transport layer. Say the sender device is sending segments and the receiver device can accommodate only a fixed number of segments before it can accept more, the two devices negotiate the window size during the connection setup.
This is done so that the sending device doesn't overflow the receiving device's buffer. Also the receiving device can send a single acknowledgement for the segments it has received instead of sending an acknowledgement after every segment received. Also, this window size is dynamic meaning, the devices can negotiate and change the window size in the middle of a session. So if initially the window size is three and the receiving device thinks that it can accept more number of segments in its buffer it can negotiate with the sending device and it increase it to say 5 for example. Windowing is used only by TCP since UDP doesn't use or allow flow control.
How many simultaneous Telnet sessions does a Cisco router support by default?
What is the purpose of flow control?
A. To ensure data is retransmitted if an acknowledgement is not received.
B. To reassemble segments in the correct order at the destination device.
C. To provide a means for the receiver to govern the amount of data sent by the sender.
D. To regulate the size of each segment.
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/flow-control Flow control is the management of data flow between computers or devices or between nodes in a network so that the data can be handled at an efficient pace. Too much data arriving before a device can handle it causes data overflow, meaning the data is either lost or must be retransmitted. For serial data transmission locally or in a network, the Xon/Xoff protocol can be used. For modem connections, either Xon/Xoff or CTS/RTS (Clear to Send/Ready to Send) commands can be used to control data flow. In a network, flow control can also be applied by refusing additional device connections until the flow of traffic has subsided.
Refer to the exhibit. How many collision domains are shown?
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
E. six
F. twelve
Hubs create single collision and broadcast domains.
Which IP address is a private address?
A. 12.0.0.1
B. 168.172.19.39
C. 172.20.14.36
D. 172.33.194.30
E. 192.169.42.34
A. An IPv6 address is 64 bits long and is represented as hexadecimal characters.
B. An IPv6 address is 32 bits long and is represented as decimal digits.
C. An IPv6 address is 128 bits long and is represented as decimal digits.
D. An IPv6 address is 128 bits long and is represented as hexadecimal characters.
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/technologies/tk648/tk872/technologies_white_paper0900aecd 8026003d.pdf
One of the key advantages IPv6 brings is the exponentially larger address space. The following will outline the basic address architecture of IPv6.
128-bit-long addresses
Represented in hexadecimal format:
Uses CIDR principles: prefix/prefix length
x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x, where x is a 16-bit hex field
The last 64 bits are used for the interface ID
If an Ethernet port on a router was assigned an IP address of 172.16.112.1/20, what is the maximum number of hosts allowed on this subnet?
E. 8190
Each octet represents eight bits. The bits, in turn, represent (from left to right): 128, 64, 32 , 16 , 8, 4, 2, 1
Add them up and you get 255. Add one for the all zeros option, and the total is 256. Now take away one of these for the network address (all zeros) and another for the broadcast address (all ones). Each octet represents 254 possible hosts. Or 254 possible networks. Unless you have subnet zero set on your network gear, in which case you could conceivably have 255.
The CIDR addressing format (/20) tells us that 20 bits are used for the network portion, so the maximum number of networks are 2^20 minus one if you have subnet zero enabled, or minus 2 if not.
You asked about the number of hosts. That will be 32 minus the number of network bits, minus two. So calculate it as (2^(32-20))-2, or (2^12)-2 = 4094
Which statements are TRUE regarding Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) addresses? (Choose three.)
A. An IPv6 address is divided into eight 16-bit groups.
B. A double colon (::) can only be used once in a single IPv6 address.
C. IPv6 addresses are 196 bits in length.
D. Leading zeros cannot be omitted in an IPv6 address.
E. Groups with a value of 0 can be represented with a single 0 in IPv6 address.
IPv6 addresses are divided into eight 16-bit groups, a double colon (::) can only be used once in an IPv6 address, and groups with a value of 0 can be represented with a single 0 in an IPv6 address.
The following statements are also true regarding IPv6 address:
IPv6 addresses are 128 bits in length.
Eight 16-bit groups are divided by a colon (:).
Multiple groups of 16-bit 0s can be represented with double colon (::).
Double colons (::) represent only 0s.
Leading zeros can be omitted in an IPv6 address.
The option stating that IPv6 addresses are 196 bits in length is incorrect. IPv6 addresses are 128 bits in length.
The option stating that leading zeros cannot be omitted in an IPv6 address is incorrect.
Which of the following IP addresses are valid Class B host addresses if a default Class B mask is in use? (Choose two.)
A. 10.6.8.35
C. 192.168.5.9
D. 127.0.0.1
E. 190.6.5.4
The IP addresses 133.6.5.4 and 190.6.5.4 are both valid Class B addresses when a default mask is in use.
The Class B default mask is 255.255.0.0 and the range of valid addresses is 128.0.0.0- 191.255.255.255.
The IP address 10.6.8.35 is a Class A address. The Class A default mask is 255.0.0.0 and the range of valid addresses is 1.0.0.0 – 127.255.255.255, with the exception of the range 127.0.0.1 – 127.255.255.255, which is reserved and cannot be assigned. The IP address 192.168.5.9 is a Class C address. The Class C default mask is 255.255.255.0 and the range of valid addresses is 192.0.0.0 – 223.255.255.255. The IP address 127.0.0.1 is a Class A address, but it comes from a reserved portion that cannot be assigned.
The range 127.0.0.1 – 127.255.255.255 is used for diagnostics, and although any address in the range will work as a diagnostic address, 127.0.0.1 is known as the loopback address. If you can ping this address, or any address in the 127.0.0.1 – 127.255.255.255 range, then the NIC is working and TCP/IP is installed. The Class A default mask is 255.0.0.0 and the range of valid addresses is 1.0.0.0 – 127.255.255.255, with the exception of the range 127.0.0.1 – 127.255.255.255, which is reserved and cannot be assigned.
How many addresses will be available for dynamic NAT translation when a router is configured with the following commands?
Router(config)#ip nat pool TAME 209.165.201.23 209.165.201.30 netmask 255.255.255.224
Router(config)#ip nat inside source list 9 pool TAME
E. 24
F. 32
209.165.201.23 to 209.165.201.30 provides for 8 addresses.
Some routers have been configured with default routes.
What are some of the advantages of using default routes? (Choose two)
A. They establish routes that will never go down.
B. They keep routing tables small.
C. They require a great deal of CPU power.
D. They allow connectivity to remote networks that are not in the routing table
E. They direct traffic from the internet into corporate networks.
Cisco administration 101: What you need to know about default routes
http://www.techrepublic.com/article/cisco-administration-101-what-you-need-to-know-about-default-routes/
Refer to the exhibit. PC1 pings PC2. What three things will CORE router do with the data that is received from PC1? (Choose three.)
A. The data frames will be forwarded out interface FastEthernet0/1 of CORE router.
B. The data frames will be forwarded out interface FastEthernet1/0 of CORE router.
C. CORE router will replace the destination IP address of the packets with the IP address of PC2.
D. CORE router will replace the MAC address of PC2 in the destination MAC address of the frames.
E. CORE router will put the IP address of the forwarding FastEthernet interface in the place of the
source IP address in the packets.
F. CORE router will put the MAC address of the forwarding FastEthernet interface in the place of the
source MAC address.
Which three statements are correct about RIP version 2? (Choose three)
A. It uses broadcast for its routing updates.
B. It supports authentication.
C. It is a classless routing protocol.
D. It has a lower default administrative distance then RIP version 1.
E. It has the same maximum hop count as RIP version 1.
F. It does not send the subnet mask any updates.
Answer: BCE
Refer to the exhibit. Why are two OSPF designated routers identified on Core-Router?
A. Core-Router is connected to more than one multi-access network.
B. The router at 208.149.23.130 is a secondary DR in case the primary fails.
C. Two router IDs have the same OSPF priority and are therefore tied for DR election
D. The DR election is still underway and there are two contenders for the role.
OSPF elects one DR per multi-access network. In the exhibit there are two DR so there must have more than one multi-access network.
What is the OSPF default frequency, in seconds, at which a Cisco router sends hello packets on a multi-access network?
On broadcast multiacess and point-to-point links, the default is 10 seconds. On NBMA, the default is 30 seconds.
What does the "Inside Global" address represent in the configuration of NAT?
A. the summarized address for all of the internal subnetted addresses
B. the MAC address of the router used by inside hosts to connect to the Internet
C. a globally unique, private IP address assigned to a host on the inside network
D. a registered address that represents an inside host to an outside network
NAT: Local and Global Definitions
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk648/tk361/technologies_tech_note09186a0080094837.
shtml
Cisco defines these terms as:
Inside local address–The IP address assigned to a host on the inside network. This is the address configured as a parameter of the computer OS or received via dynamic address allocation protocols such as DHCP. The address is likely not a legitimate IP address assigned by the Network Information Center (NIC) or service provider. Inside global address–A legitimate IP address assigned by the NIC or service provider that represents one or more inside local IP addresses to the outside world. Outside local address–The IP address of an outside host as it appears to the inside network. Not necessarily a legitimate address, it is allocated from an address space routable on the inside.
Outside global address–The IP address assigned to a host on the outside network by the host owner.
The address is allocated from a globally routable address or network space. These definitions still leave a lot to be interpreted. For this example, this document redefines these terms by first defining local address and global address. Keep in mind that the terms inside and outside are NAT definitions. Interfaces on a NAT router are defined as inside or outside with the NAT configuration commands, ip nat inside destination and ip nat outside source . Networks to which these interfaces connect can then be thought of as inside networks or outside networks, respectively. Local address–A local address is any address that appears on the inside portion of the network.
Global address–A global address is any address that appears on the outside portion of the network.
Refer to the exhibit. A company wants to use NAT in the network shown.
Which commands will apply the NAT configuration to the proper interfaces? (Choose two.)
A. R1(config)# interface serial0/1
R1(config-if)# ip nat inside
B. R1(config)# interface serial0/1
R1(config-if)# ip nat outside
C. R1(config)# interface fastethernet0/0
D. R1(config)# interface fastethernet0/0
E. R1(config)# interface serial0/1
R1(config-if)# ip nat outside source pool 200.2.2.18 255.255.255.252
F. R1(config)# interface fastethernet0/0
R1(config-if)# ip nat inside source 10.10.0.0 255.255.255.0
Which of the following statements are TRUE regarding Cisco access lists? (Choose two.)
A. In an inbound access list, packets are filtered as they enter an interface.
B. In an inbound access list, packets are filtered before they exit an interface.
C. Extended access lists are used to filter protocol-specific packets.
D. You must specify a deny statement at the end of each access list to filter unwanted traffic.
E. When a line is added to an existing access list, it is inserted at the beginning of the access list.
In an inbound access list, packets are filtered as they enter an interface. Extended access lists are used to filter protocol specific packets. Access lists can be used in a variety of situations when the router needs to be given guidelines for decision-making. These situations include:
Filtering traffic as it passes through the router
To control access to the VTY lines (Telnet)
To identify "interesting" traffic to invoke Demand Dial Routing (DDR) calls
To filter and control routing updates from one router to another There are two types of access lists, standard and extended. Standard access lists are applied as close to the destination as possible (outbound), and can only base their filtering criteria on the source IP address. The number used while creating an access list specifies the type of access list created. The range used for standard access lists is 1 to 99 and 1300 to 1999. Extended access lists are applied as close to the source as possible (inbound), and can base their filtering criteria on the source or destination IP address, or on the specific protocol being used. The range used for extended access lists is 100 to 199 and 2000 to 2699.
Other features of access lists include:
Inbound access lists are processed before the packet is routed. Outbound access lists are processed after the packet has been routed to an exit interface. An "implicit deny" is at the bottom of every access list, which means that if a packet has not matched any preceding access list condition, it will be filtered (dropped). Access lists require at least one permit statement, or all packets will be filtered (dropped). One access list may be configured per direction for each Layer 3 protocol configured on an interface The option stating that in an inbound access list, packets are filtered before they exit an interface is incorrect.
Packets are filtered as they exit an interface when using an outbound access list. The option stating that a deny statement must be specified at the end of each access list in order to filter unwanted traffic is incorrect. There is an implicit deny at the bottom of every access list.
When a line is added to an existing access list, it is not inserted at the beginning of the access list. It is inserted at the end. This should be taken into consideration. For example, given the following access list, executing the command access-list 110 deny tcp 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.255 any eq www would have NO effect on the packets being filtered because it would be inserted at the end of the list, AFTER the line that allows all traffic.
access-list 110 permit ip host 192.168.5.1 any
access-list 110 deny icmp 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.255 any echo
access-list 110 permit any any
From which of the following attacks can Message Authentication Code (MAC) shield your network?
A. DoS
B. DDoS
C. spoofing
D. SYN floods
Message Authentication Code (MAC) can shield your network from spoofing attacks. Spoofing, also known as masquerading, is a popular trick in which an attacker intercepts a network packet, replaces the source address of the packets header with the address of the authorized host, and reinserts fake information which is sent to the receiver. This type of attack involves modifying packet contents. MAC can prevent this type of attack and ensure data integrity by ensuring that no data has changed. MAC also protects against frequency analysis, sequence manipulation, and ciphertext-only attacks. MAC is a secure message digest that requires a secret key shared by the sender and receiver, making it impossible for sniffers to change both the data and the MAC as the receiver can detect the changes.
A denial-of-service (DoS) attack floods the target system with unwanted requests, causing the loss of service to users. One form of this attack generates a flood of packets requesting a TCP connection with the target, tying up all resources and making the target unable to service other requests. MAC does not prevent DoS attacks. Stateful packet filtering is the most common defense against a DoS attack.
A Distributed Denial of Service attack (DDoS) occurs when multiple systems are used to flood the network and tax the resources of the target system. Various intrusion detection systems, utilizing stateful packet filtering, can protect against DDoS attacks. In a SYN flood attack, the attacker floods the target with spoofed IP packets and causes it to either freeze or crash. A SYN flood attack is a type of denial of service attack that exploits the buffers of a device that accept incoming connections and therefore cannot be prevented by MAC. Common defenses against a SYN flood attack include filtering, reducing the SYN-RECEIVED timer, and implementing SYN cache or SYN cookies.
Refer to the exhibit. After the power-on-self test (POST), the system LED of a Cisco 2950 switch turns amber. What is the status of the switch?
A. The POST was successful.
B. The switch has a problem with the internal power supply and needs an external power supply to be attached.
C. POST failed and there is a problem that prevents the operating system from being loaded.
D. The switch has experienced an internal problem but data can still be forwarded at a slower rate.
E. The switch passed POST, but all the switch ports are busy.
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/switches/ps607/products_tech_note09186a00801 25913.shtml
Each time you power up the switch, eight Power-On Self Tests (POSTs) run automatically. POSTs check the most important system components before the switch begins to forward packets. When the switch begins the POST, the port status LEDs display amber for two seconds, and then display green. As each test runs, the port status LEDs go out. 1x is the first to go out. The port status LEDs for ports 2x through 8x go out sequentially as the system completes a test.
When the POST completes successfully, the port status LEDs go out. This indicates that the switch is operational. If a test fails, the port status LED associated with the test displays amber. The system LED also displays amber.
NotE. From Cisco IOS Software Release 11.2(8.5) SA6 onwards, the port and system LEDs both remain amber after a POST failure. In the earlier Cisco IOS Software Releases, only the LEDs of failed linked ports remained amber.
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In this week's TV News highlight reel, fact-checkers looked into claims about construction projects resulting from former President Barack Obama's stimulus package, global food demand, carbon emissions, a state law that may seem counter to federal law on health care protections, and how the unemployment rate is actually calculated.
This entry was posted in Announcements, Television Archive and tagged Barack Obama, Chris Collins, Donald Trump, Energy Information Administration, Environmental Protection Agency, Factcheck.org, PolitiFact, Scott Pruitt, Sean Spicer, Stimulus, The Washington Post's Fact Checker, Van Jones. Bookmark the permalink.


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text:
From Data to Insights with Google Cloud Platform Specialization
Course Link: https://www.coursera.org/specializations/from-data-to-insights-google-cloud-platform
Want to know how to query and process petabytes of data in seconds? Curious about data analysis that scales automatically as your data grows? Welcome to the Data Insights course! This four-course accelerated online specialization teaches course participants how to derive insights through data analysis and visualization using the Google Cloud Platform. The courses feature interactive scenarios and hands-on labs where participants explore, mine, load, visualize, and extract insights from diverse Google BigQuery datasets. The courses also cover data loading, querying, schema modeling, optimizing performance, query pricing, and data visualization. This specialization is intended for the following participants: ● Data Analysts, Business Analysts, Business Intelligence professionals ● Cloud Data Engineers who will be partnering with Data Analysts to build scalable data solutions on Google Cloud Platform To get the most out of this specialization, we recommend participants have some proficiency with ANSI SQL. >>> By enrolling in this specialization you agree to the Qwiklabs Terms of Service as set out in the FAQ and located at: https://qwiklabs.com/terms_of_service <<<
Exploring and Preparing your Data with BigQuery
Creating New BigQuery Datasets and Visualizing Insights
Achieving Advanced Insights with BigQuery
Applying Machine Learning to your Data with GCP
Learn Data Analysis that Scales. Learn how to query and process petabytes of data in seconds From Data to Insights with Google Cloud Platform Specialization In this course you will take the first half of a two-part series that covered the use of BigQuery in analytics and data mining. We covered the use of Hadoop, Spark and friends in the first half of the course. Then you moved to the use of analytics tools by using Spark. Last, we covered advanced usage of Spark in Production. In this course, you will continue to learn about the use of technologies such as Hadoop, Spark and friends to solve your data mining and analytical problems. You will also build a strong understanding of the "Big Data" landscape. In the first half of the course, you will add Spark and Hadoop components to your system. You will also add Spark jobs to your Hadoop cluster. In the second half of the course, you will use Hadoop-based analytical tools to mine and visualize data. In the first half of this course, you will add Hadoop-based tools to your pipeline. You will also add Spark jobs to your Hadoop cluster. In the second half of the course, you will use Hadoop-based analytical tools to mine and visualize data. In the first half of the course, you will add Hadoop-based tools to your system. You will also add Spark jobs to your Hadoop cluster. In the second half of the course, you will use Hadoop-based analytical tools to
Bigquery Machine Learning Data Visualization (DataViz) SQL
Google Cloud Platform Google Cloud Platform is a part of a suite of enterprise services from Google Cloud and provides a set of modular cloud-based services with a host of development tools. For example, hosting and computing, cloud storage, data storage, translations APIs and prediction APIs.
Google Cloud Platform Google Cloud Platform is a cloud computing service by Google that offers hosting on the same supporting infrastructure that Google uses internally for end-user products like Google Search and YouTube. Cloud Platform provides developer products to build a range of programs from simple websites to complex applications.
Google Cloud Dataproc Google Cloud Dataproc (Cloud Dataproc) is a cloud-based managed Spark and Hadoop service offered on Google Cloud Platform. Cloud Dataproc utilizes many Google Cloud Platform technologies such as Google Compute Engine and Google Cloud Storage to offer fully managed clusters running popular data processing frameworks such as Apache Hadoop and Apache Spark.
Google Cloud Dataproc Cloud Dataproc includes many open source packages used for data processing, including items from the Spark and Hadoop ecosystem, and open source tools to connect these frameworks with other Google Cloud Platform products.
Google Insights for Search Google Insights for Search was a service by Google similar to Google Trends, providing insights into the search terms people use in the Google search engine. Unlike Google Trends, Google Insights for Search provides a visual representation of regional interest on a country's map. It displays top searches and rising searches that may help with keyword research. Results can be narrowed down with categories that are displayed for each search terms.
Google Cloud Datastore Google Cloud Datastore (Cloud Datastore) is a highly scalable, fully managed NoSQL database service offered by Google on the Google Cloud Platform. Cloud Datastore is built upon Google's Bigtable and Megastore technology.
SAP Cloud Platform Some applications are available from the SAP HANA App Center, to extend and integrate applications, customize existing applications, and extend their mobile footprint with mobile-first apps. With SAP Cloud Platform organizations can better engage with customers and empower employees and developers can build applications which are running in the cloud, but still access data from premise or other clouds.
SAP Cloud Platform SAP Cloud Platform is a platform as a service developed by SAP SE for creating new applications or extending existing applications in a secure cloud computing environment managed by SAP. The SAP Cloud Platform integrates data and business processes.
Google Cloud Print Google Cloud Print integrates with the mobile versions of Gmail and Google Docs, allowing users to print from their mobile devices. Google Cloud Print is listed as a printer option in the Print Preview page of Google's Web browser, Google Chrome, in Chrome 16 and higher. "Legacy", also called "classic", printers (those without cloud printing capabilities) are supported through a "Cloud Print Connector" integrated with Google Chrome versions 9 and higher.
Networked Insights Networked Insights' technology platform, called 'Kairos', includes online analytical processing and social media measurement tools. Its software as a service analytics platform combines user-defined logic with multiple sources of network data and ability for intelligence gathering and analysis across open social media and private customer networks. The Networked Insights platform discerns engagement using semantic analysis around specific topics and themes relevant to a brand, differing from traditional social media monitoring in that it doesn't require users to manually read through content.
SAP Cloud Platform Initially unveiled as SAP NetWeaver Cloud belonging to the SAP HANA Cloud portfolio on October 16, 2012 the cloud platform was reintroduced with the new name SAP HANA Cloud Platform on May 13, 2013 as the foundation for SAP cloud products, including the SAP BusinessObjects Cloud. Adoption of the SAP HANA Cloud Platform has increased steadily since the platform's launch in 2012, with SAP claiming over 4000 customers and 500 partners adopting the SAP HANA Cloud Platform.
Google Cloud Dataproc Cloud Dataproc is a Platform as a service (PaaS) product designed to combine the Spark and Hadoop frameworks with many common cloud computing patterns. Cloud Dataproc separate compute and storage, which is a relatively common design for many cloud Hadoop offerings. Cloud Dataproc utilizes Google Compute Engine virtual machines for compute and Google Cloud Storage for file storage. Cloud Dataproc has a set of control and integration mechanisms that coordinate the lifecycle, management, and coordination of clusters. Cloud Dataproc is integrated with the YARN application manager to make managing and using clusters easier.
Google Cloud Print Google Cloud Print is a Google service that was created to allow any Cloud-Print-aware application (web, desktop, mobile) on any device in the network cloud to print to any printer – without Google having to create and maintain printing subsystems for all the hardware combinations of client devices and printers, and without the users having to install device drivers to the client, but with documents being fully transmitted to Google. Since July 23, 2013 it also allows printing from any Windows application, if Google Cloud Printer is installed on the machine.
Google Cloud Print On July 23, 2013 Google updated the service to allow printing from any Windows application, if Google Cloud Printer is installed on the machine. Another new feature is Google Cloud Print Service, which can run as a Windows service so administrators can connect legacy printers to Google Cloud Print in their businesses.
Google Cloud Messaging Google Cloud Messaging functions using server APIs and SDKs, both maintained by Google. The GCM has the ability to send push notifications, deep-linking commands, and application data. Larger messages can be sent with up to 4 KB of payload data.
Google Insights for Search On September 27, 2012, Google Insights for Search was closed and merged into Google Trends again.
Google Cloud Messaging The transition to Google Cloud Messaging was first announced when the Android service was unveiled on June 27, 2012, at Google I/O. Shortly after announcing the Google Cloud Messaging service, Google published documentation to guide application developers with migrating from the C2DM and onto the new service. Migrating to the service required SDK and code changes, as well as a release of an application update to the publish repository (such as Google Play) for downloading and updating.
SAP Cloud Platform SAP Cloud Platform, developer edition offers users easy and free way to explore SAP Cloud Platform and it's capabilities. In addition to 1GB shared SAP HANA, SAP Cloud Platform provides users to:
SAP Cloud Platform SAP Cloud Platform is promoted to build and extend business applications with rapid innovation cycles.
Google Data Liberation Front The Google Data Liberation Front is an engineering team at Google whose "goal is to make it easier for users to move their data in and out of Google products." The team, which consults with other engineering teams within Google on how to "liberate" Google products, currently supports 27 products. The purpose of the Data Liberation Front is to ensure that data can be migrated from Google once an individual or company stops using their services.


text:
Tuesday Poll: More Significant – Verizon's First Nexus or the Release of Ice Cream Sandwich?
Kellen October 11, 2011 @iamkellex 159
If CTIA had gone as planned, we probably would have had more Ice Cream Sandwich and Galaxy Nexus talk today than any normal human being could handle. But since things did not go as originally scheduled, we were left this morning with an empty 11:00AM slot to think about what could have been. And during that time, we found ourselves looking at the significance of this device. Not only will it be Verizon's first Nexus (assuming it does end up as the Galaxy Nexus), but it's the first to launch with Android 4.0. Two incredible things to think about.
Long time VZW Android enthusiasts have longed to finally get a Nexus – a device that receives updates directly from Google and is as unlocked and bare as you can find. It's really a dream phone for any uber-geek. Throw in the fact that it will run on Big Red's 4G LTE network and you've got history in the making.
But then there is the fact that we finally get to see ICS – the version of Android that would merge both tablet and phone operating systems into one. Most of us expect this to be a massive upgrade over Gingerbread in UI, polish and features.
Which one is more important though? The biggest network finally getting its first Nexus or a phone finally running Ice Cream Sandwich? I personally would lean towards the option of this being the first Nexus on Verizon, but then again, ICS is a real game changer. Thoughts?
Bigger deal: Verizon's first Nexus device or Ice Cream Sandwich release?
First Nexus on Verizon
Nexus Prime
Android Apps On Your PC, Courtesy of BlueStacks
Additional Leaked Shots Of The DROID RAZR and XOOM2 Emerge


URBIA represents the intersection of urban and organic. They create and source artisanal home furnishings with innovative designs of the finest of quality. With an emphasis on the unique and unexpected, they work with materials from around the globe. Whether plantation-grown hardwoods, all-natural fiber reinforced concrete, repurposed barn wood, European leathers, or reclaimed vintage artifacts, you're invited to discover something that inspires you.


[summary] put forward how to use EDMA to transfer digital video signal older memory from lesser buffer, comprise the method of a whole picture through sort.
Existing TV uses interlaced scanning technology more in the technology, accordingly, the digital video signal that earning of direct to composite signal sampling goes to, its picture news is discontinuous. And in technology of contemporary image processing, of adjacent of photograph of the position in often using image like the gray scale between element the relation has all sorts of operation, accordingly, the video signal after must alternating D of course A / undertakes sort is handled, a whole picture is formed in memory. EDMA (EnhancedDirectMemoryAccess) it is to point to in TMS320C6x11 / C64xDSP, below the circumstance that participates in without CPU, realize the data move between each memory of DSP. We go with filter of a FPGA first in the system the blame picture news in digital video signal, next, use EDMA will treated digital signal from lesser buffer (like double mouth RAM) transfer older memory, comprise a whole picture to offer DSP processing.
EDMA transmits parameter group to be formed by 6 32 words, use definition EDMA to transmit a process, include computation of address of optional parameter, source, target address, data, address to revise letterhead of index, link all sorts of register. Optional parameter register decided the transmission way of EDMA, share 10 kinds of control, basically elaborate below how to install optional parameter register.
EDMA support is opposite 8, 16, the memory of 32 data, 8 use to signal of image gray scale in this system quantify, the outside data line of DSP is 32, then, can be worth 4 like the gray scale of element incorporate a data is unit (Element) , add up to 32, accordingly, the ESIZE in register the setting is 00b.
The video signal after digitlization is in buffer (source data area) in store continuously, the address is growth (SUM = 01b) , can regard one dimension as (2DS = 0b) . In target memery block, image data is to press what deposit all right, and the check the number of every group of each row number and video signal is same, such, the memory of target data division turns into structure of a planar (2DD = 1b) . The address also is growth (DUM = 01b) , the byte that travel and between-line spacing need to deposit place of signal of a TV is counted, can come true through installing FRMIDX register. Such, want to install the initiative address that deposits odd field and even field signal to differ only, can get a whole picture in target memery block. Graph 1 to transmit sketch map.
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The Olympics in East Asia: Nationalism, Regionalism and Globalism on the Center Stage of World Sports
This international symposium brings together scholars from three continents to consider the historical contributions of East Asian nations to the Olympics and the impact of the Olympics on these East Asian societies.
October 3, 2008 2:00pm to October 4, 2008 12:00am
Organized by William W. Kelly (Yale University) and Susan Brownell (University of Missouri-Saint Louis)
The 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics have brought East Asia to the center stage of the global Olympic movement, in celebration and in controversy. However, East Asia's involvement in the Olympics is century-old, and the Olympic Games, Summer and Winter, have been held in Japan, South Korea, and China a total of five times in recent decades. This international symposium brings together scholars from three continents to consider the historical contributions of East Asian nations to the Olympics and the impact of the Olympics on these East Asian societies.
All members of Yale University and the community are welcome at the sessions and the reception. Please register for this event by Monday, September 29, 2008 via email to Anne Letterman or call 203-432-3428.
Henry R. Luce Hall Auditorium, 34 Hillhouse Avenue
2:00 PM-5:30 PM - SESSION ONE: Japan, Korea, and East Asian Olympic History
William W. KELLY – Anthropology, Yale University, USA
Christian TAGSOLD – Japanese Studies, Heinrich Heine University of Dusseldorf, Germany
Andreas NIEHAUS – Anthropology, University of Ghent, Belgium
SHIMIZU Satoshi – Sport Sociology, University of Tsukuba, Japan
OK Gwang – Exercise Science, Chungbuk National University, Republic of Korea
Wolfram MANZENREITER – Anthropology, University of Vienna, Austria
5:30 PM-7:00 PM - WELCOME RECEPTION
2nd Floor Common Room, Henry R. Luce Hall, 34 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT
9:00 AM-12:30 PM - SESSION TWO: China and the East Asian Olympic Future
Susan BROWNELL – Anthropology, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, USA
DONG Jinxia – Physical Education, Peking University, PRC
HSU Li-Hong (Leo) – Sports Management, Da-Yeh University, Taiwan
HWANG (Tony) Dong-Jhy – Physical Education, National College of Physical Education & Sports, Taiwan
LAU (Patrick) Wing Chung – Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
XU Xin – Government, Cornell University, USA
BU Yu – Staff member, Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee and sports producer, CCTV
DONG Qian – commentator and reporter, CCTV
Free. Register by Monday, September 29, 2008
Happy Year of the Rabbit! 祝您兔年愉快!
Wherever you may be, we wish you and those close to you the very best Year of the Rabbit.
China, the U.S. and a hungry world
A food safety factory shutdown has Americans hunting for baby formula. Readying themselves for a covid-19 lockdown, Chinese in Beijing emptied store shelves. Emerging from lockdown, some in Shanghai are visiting well-provisioned markets. U.S.-China agricultural trade is booming, but many are still being left hungry. Food security, sustainability and safety remain issues.
U.S. China Institute Open House (Tuesday, November 15 at 1:00pm to 3:00pm)
Tuesday, November 15, 2022 - 1:00pm
Location: USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism


The Tiffen 4 x 4″ Soft Edge Graduated 0.9 ND Filter is a graduated neutral density filter that helps to specifically darken skies and other bright areas of the image. The filter is densest at the edge and tapers to clear by the middle, with a soft-edged line of transition between the density and clear areas. Neutral density filters do not affect the coloration of the image and the 0.9 density provides a 3 stop reduction in light from entering the lens.


North Yorkshire County Council is boosting funding for essential road repairs by a further £15 million.
This will bring the total of new money committed to highways maintenance this summer to nearly £50m.
The additional £15m, announced at the quarterly council meeting, will support the government's recently announced provisional allocation of £24m. This follows the county council's bid for funds to improve maintenance of the county's rural roads network to help support the growth of rural economies.
Alongside the government's £24m provisional allocation, the £15m boost is intended to ensure a long-term programme of additional highway maintenance through to 2021.
"North Yorkshire is the biggest county in size with a largely rural and dispersed population. For that reason maintaining our road network is vital if we are to support our businesses, attract inward investment and contribute to good quality of life for our residents," said council leader John Weighell.
Earlier this year, Cllr Weighell met Transport Secretary Patrick McLoughlin after sending him a personal letter outlining the nature and scale of the financial challenges facing North Yorkshire's highways maintenance operations and seeking government aid to maintain and improve the rural network.
In his letter, Cllr Weighell revealed that a quarter of the county's minor roads – which cover a distance of 5,000 kilometres and constitute more than half the network – are in urgent need of repairs. He warned that the issue was "rapidly becoming a crisis".
The topography of North Yorkshire means the county's highways are vulnerable to extreme weather, while its dispersed population and rural economy make the minor roads particularly important.


text:
UNESCO Almaty
About Almaty Office
Major documents
Office Strategy
Draft Medium-Term Strategy for 2022-2029
Programme and budget 2022-2025
Gender Equality Action Plan
Publications Guidelines
Education transforms lives
Protecting Our Heritage and Fostering Creativity
Learning to Live Together
Science for a Sustainable Future
Silk Roads Heritage Corridors
UNESCO Chairs
Documents - UNESDOC
Global Geoparks
Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
Office on Facebook
Office on Youtube
Silk Roads in Kazakhstan: Talgar
© UNESCO Almaty
Boris Zheleznyakov is an experienced archaeologist in the Almaty region. He currently provides tours of several sites, including Talgar – a medieval nexus of trade and handicrafts on the Silk Roads, which connected Central Asia with Iran, China, India, and the world. The object is now listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as a component of the Chang'an-Tian-Shan Corridor of the Silk Roads, nominated jointly by China, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan.
When Boris tells of the story of Talgar – or its historical name Talhiz – you can sense a reverence for the site. Having worked as an archaeologist on numerous excavations, Boris has insight into each layer below the thick sheet of snow: the artefacts, the drawings, and the lives lived.
For Boris 'every archaeological find, every cultural layer, every piece of rock art is an opportunity to reconstruct the pages of history'. The profession of an archaeologist is a varied one: yes, Boris might spend months in the field, uncovering artefacts and inching through history, but equally important are the hours at a desk, writing and contemplating, or the moments where he shares the story of the Silk Roads with those who continue to care about its 'pages'. He stresses that archaeology is a game of luck. When he begins an excavation, he never knows what new discovery will be made, or how previous chapters of history might be rewritten. His work is based firmly on scientific methodology, but it requires a dose of creativity to interpret discoveries and pass down historical knowledge to the next generation.
When asked about his favourite aspect of work, Boris talks of people, not things: the best expeditions weren't about the artefacts; they were about the colleagues and his mentors in the field. The best tours aren't defined by the exhibits, but by the character of his guests. Children, in particular, have an openness and curiosity which allows Boris to challenge 'preconceived ideas' and form new interpretations.
Perhaps it isn't surprising that children should be those who appreciate Talgar the most: the wide-open space is a playground for the imagination. It's easy for them to create their own tale of the artisans and traders, travellers and conquerors who passed through. Adults also may trace the lines of the rabads and imagine the diversity of their wares: from local goods such as clay toys, bronze mirrors and meticulous works of blacksmithing, to imports from far away such as Chinese ivory chopsticks, bronze Persian bowls and Japanese and Sogdian ceramics. The artefacts often paint a picture of the diverse religions which co-existed in Talhiz from the 8th to 13th centuries: a seated Buddha, earthenware and bronze items with Quranic inscriptions, and ceramic lamps with Nestorian Christian crosses were all found during excavations. Alongside Islam, Christianity, and Buddhism, Tengri tradition was also widespread. At its heyday from the 11th to 13th century Talhiz housed up to 6000 people, mainly Turks: Karluks, Jikili and Yagma. Their lifestyles varied: some were settled craftsmen or agriculturalists, others preserved nomadic or semi-nomadic lifestyles; itinerary traders constantly arrived from afar.
For Boris integrity is the key to being a good guide. Of course, his main priority is to provide guests with compelling accounts of the past, but he is unwilling to do this to the detriment of the truth. People ask for rumours about famous figures passing through the city, or about ghosts and paranormal sightings, but Boris believes that the site itself has enough stories to tell.
Stopping outside the residence of a jeweller, Boris reminisces about an unusual lull in the city's vibrancy: a so-called 'period of desolation.' I.I. Kopylov, the main archaeologist responsible for excavations during the post-war Soviet period, dated a 'sterile' layer from the 1060s to the 1090s. The whole city had been abandoned: the rabads for crafts and handiwork, the farmland, the suburbs, the outskirts; all were empty. It seems that infighting between Karakhanid dynasties had cut off the trade routes and caused the locals to flee. But the people of Talhiz did not forget their home. The owners and their children returned to their previous abodes and 'carried on the work of their fathers'. After thirty years of absence, the jeweller's ornaments reappear as if time had not passed. For an observer, it is comforting to imagine that after bouts of strife and hardship, life carries on.
Approximately four hundred years later, Talhiz was once again troubled by infighting: this time between the Mongol khanates. The trade routes dried up, and the city gradually shrank to a village. Boris emphasizes how lucky we are to have the settlement site preserved and protected by its heritage status. Talhiz was at risk of being lost many times. Until recently farmers still grazed their livestock upon its land; and 'dark archaeologists' secretly removed and sold items from the site, recklessly damaging and mixing the cultural layers. Neighbouring sites have been lost forever: the northern side of Talgar, the historical town of Tunk/Ton on the right bank of the river, and countless other settlements mentioned in chronicles. Thanks to its protected status, Talhiz can now escape this fate.
The Talgar/Talhiz site has a promising future. It is only a forty-minute drive from the major city of Almaty and easily accessible by public transport all year round. Boris hopes to see tourism to the settlement flourish – he envisages the construction of a visitor centre with exhibits from the site alongside plenty of visual, audial, and tactile engagement. If more visitors can be attracted to the town, it will help preserve the history of the Silk Roads, while providing economic opportunity for the people of Talgar.
This material was prepared within the framework of the project "Silk Roads Heritage Corridors in Afghanistan, Central Asia and Iran - International Dimension of the European Year of Cultural Heritage", implemented by UNESCO with financial support from the European Union
The content is the sole responsibility of the author and does not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union
silk roads heritage corridors + silk roads + talgar + travel + video + kazakhstan +silkroads
Permanent link: http://en.unesco.kz/silk-roads-in-kazakhstan-talgar
Chang'an–Tianshan Corridor: Talgar
Join the free UNESCO Massive Open Online Course on living heritage and sustainable development!
Call for Applications "Sustainable Heritage Management Masterclass on Building a Legacy"
Four nominations from Central Asia inscribed in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
Interview with Sarvar Karimov
Contemporary Cinema of Central Asia
Interview with Nigora Karimbaeva


Teaching Karuna Reiki® Outside the U.S.
Before you can teach Karuna Reiki® it is necessary for you to register with the Center. This is a simple process which we have set up to ensure the quality and integrity of the Karuna Reiki® system. Please see the Karuna Reiki® Registration Program for a complete explanation.
1. Help you to register with the Center before teaching or practicing if you are not already registered.
2. Provide the official Center Karuna Reiki® teaching manuals with certificates in the language of your country.
3. When you teach, process your class Karuna Reiki® registration forms and provide your students with official registration numbers and seals for the certificates.
Below is a list of countries where we have representatives. If you do not see your country listed, please contact the Center directly for this service.
If you have questions about any country in our Foreign Karuna program, please email us at center@reiki.org.


2:13 – Brian started out as a Rails developer in the mid 2000s. Brian has no formal education in programming, and has been practising continuous-learning since he started.
3:00 – Martin Fowler, Uncle Bob, and Kent Beck's books have been a big influence, but a pivotal book was Domain-driven Design by Eric Evans for learning about domain-modelling and programming design.
4:48 – Bad experiences in his code-base usually come down to not being diligent in modelling and getting rid of exceptions.
7:21 – Brian finds that he's gearing more towards math to solve problems that he would previously have solved with an object-oriented approach.
7:40 – Brian believes focus is key. He tries to write test after test upfront, if he's in a dynamic language. Similar to the a BDD/TDD style but more loose. He wants something that tells him where to pick up again when he gets distracted.
9:02 – In a typed system the compiler allows you to get back to where were you because it'll complain when things don't typecheck.
9:20 – Brian is a huge fan of PureScript. While Haskell is the main type language he would choose, he's been working on a Scala project.
9:56 – Brian prefers Haskell as his main language, but thinks PureScript will soon beat it.
10:01 – Brian has a list on his textedit with to-dos for each feature. This lets him plan upfront.
11:43 – There's room for improvement on how people can view and work with different people's to-do lists without having to announce every little step you're going to take.
12:42 – PureScript Halogen is exciting, but it's difficult to use.
13:11 – The industry is moving away from tangling semantics and interpretation of programmes. Like with Redux, the UI says something happened, and it's up to the interpreter on how to handle that.
14:05 – Purescript halogen is a strictly-typed UI framework which separates actions from interpretations of those actions. Instead of tying actions to reducers, like in Redux, anything in your code-base can be combined and fed into an interpreter.
15:15 – Instead of trying to keep up with the pace of the industry, Brian's just slowly reading his 100 page theory books. When he first got into functional programming he was initially overwhelmed, but then realised it was all just the same maths in different clothes.
15:58 – Lambda calculus, category theory, and group theory are all really good at modelling code.
16:30 – It's a learning path of understanding the main and general concepts that appear in the different areas of math that have put Brian on a slow, mellow, learning path with a clear end in sight.
18:28 – Learning functional programming comes down to building on ideas from abstract algebra; once you realise certain operators have their equivalents in programming then it becomes clear how mathematical properties in your code hold.
20:55 – People are often overcomplicating things with the tools they use, instead of simplifying their environments.
21:20 – Brian believes all the nuggets of wisdom developers accumulate in their careers help in decision making. He thinks it will be great if developers formalise the intuition they build up over the years. This intuition is what makes developers good programmers.
"Don't just make things up". Try find a principled solution, which will decrease exceptions in your code and keep it clean.
Haskell Book. He finds it to be the best functional programming book out there right now.
Sarah Drasner's awesome work with svg.
Rachel Nabors work with animation.
John A De Goes and his functional programming. John is driving a lot of the Pure Script frontend code. He's also coming up with amazing technology for recursion patterns, as well as devising good practices using functional programming in the frontend.
Start with basic Lambda Calculus and Set Theory. That gives you a good foundation on things like Type Theory. And then start writing Haskell.
"Take a step back". Write down what needs to happen to make the feature work from start to finish – just the overarching ideas. Then – if you're using dynamic languages – write a test. Once the test is passed move onto the next thing. This process saves so many headaches.
30:16 – Use the same process when using a functional type language. However, instead of using the tests, use types to drive it. Use tests afterwards to lock it down.