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Ohio Indian Wars
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The Ohio Indian Wars were a series of struggles between settlers from the newly independent United States and Native American residents of the Ohio Country in the years after the American Revolution.

During the first part of the eighteenth century, French and British colonists began to migrate to modern-day Ohio. Each group sought to form alliances with American Indians Native Americans in the region. With France's defeat in the French and Indian War, Great Britain acquired this territory in 1763. The British government attempted to improve relations with the natives by prohibiting white settlement in the Ohio Country. Great Britain's action resulted in part in the American Revolution. The Treaty of Paris (1783) brought the Revolution to a close and Great Britain recognized the independence of the United States. In addition, the new nation secured all of the land east of the Mississippi River except for British possessions in Canada and Spanish territory in Florida.

The American Indians Native Americans in the Ohio Country took no formal part in the treaty negotiations. Great Britain made little effort to include their native allies in the treaty's terms. Despite this, the British did not abandon the American IndiansNative Americans. They continued to trade guns and other European manufactured goods for native furs. The British hoped that the IndiansNative Americans, with English weapons, would stop the westward expansion by the newly independent AmericansUnited States. Unfortunately for the natives, American U.S. settlers moved quickly into the Ohio Country at the end of the Revolution. After the signing of Treaty of Paris, American settlers faced few obstacles in moving to the Ohio Country other than from the Native Americans themselves. The conflicts that followed became known as the Ohio Indian Wars.

During the late 1780s, the Northwest Territory was a violent place as American U.S. settlers moved onto land that several groups of American Indians Native Americans claimed as their own. The United States government lacked the funds to equip an army to deal with the Indian Native American threat adequately. In spite of this, Henry Knox, the Secretary of War, requested that Arthur St. Clair, the governor of the Northwest Territory, establish a peaceful relationship between the settlers and the natives. St. Clair called for a meeting with native leaders to negotiate an agreement. The meeting took place at Fort Harmar and began on December 13, 1788. The natives present included representatives from the Wyandot Indiansnatives, the Delaware Indiansnatives, the Ottawa Indiansnatives, the Chippewa Indiansnatives, the Potawatomi Indiansnatives, and the Sauk Indiansnatives. The natives hoped that St. Clair would agree to establish an American Indian reservation consisting of the land west of the Muskingum River and north of the Ohio River. St. Clair refused and demanded that the Indian Native American leaders agree to a reservation boundary established by the Treaty of Fort McIntosh in 1785.

Under the Treaty of Fort McIntosh, the Indians Native Americans were to relinquish their lands in southern and eastern Ohio. They were confined to the western corner of modern-day Ohio with a border roughly the Cuyahoga River on the east. A southern border extended from modern-day Akron west to the Tuscarawas River, south to Fort Laurens, then west to Pickawillany on the Miami River. A western border ran north from Pickawillany to the St. Mary's River and then to what is now Ft. Wayne, Indiana . A northern border from Fort Wayne to Lake Erie followed the shore of the lake east to the Cuyahoga River. St. Clair told the Indians Native Americans he would attack them if they refused to abide by the Treaty of Fort McIntosh. He also sought their friendship with three thousand dollars in presents. The Native American leaders signed the Treaty of Fort Harmar, which reiterated the terms of the Treaty of Fort McIntosh, on January 9, 1789.

The Treaty of Fort Harmar did little to stop the bloodshed between the Americans United States and the IndiansNative American. Many natives refused to honor the treaty, including the Shawnee Indiansnatives. They claimed that the groups represented at the treaty negotiations did not speak for the Shawnees. Warfare increased, especially in the western portions of modern-day Ohio.

Most Native Americans had been driven from the eastern portion of the state during the American Revolution, although many Indians Native Americans still hunted in this area. In 1790, Josiah Harmar, commander of the American U.S. army in the Northwest Territory, was stationed at Fort Washington (present-day Cincinnati, Ohio). Henry Knox, the Secretary of War, ordered Harmar to end the threat of Indian Native American attack in western Ohio. Harmar marched from Fort Washington with 320 regular soldiers and roughly 1,100 militiamen -- , primarily from Pennsylvania and Kentucky. The militiamen were poorly trained. Many , many did not know how to correctly load and fire a musket. Some , and some did not even have a gun. Harmar was to destroy the native villages near modern-day Fort Wayne, Indiana. He intended to attack the Miami Indiansnatives, the Shawnee Indiansnatives, and the Delaware Indiansnatives, along with other natives located in western Ohio.

The natives fled their villages as Harmar's army approached. The Americans U.S. forces burned several villages, but the Indians Native Americans regrouped. On October 20, the natives, led by Little Turtle, attacked a detachment from Harmar's army led by Colonel John Hardin. Hardin's force consisted of several hundred militiamen and a few regular soldiers. Hardin led his men into an ambush. Most of the militiamen fled the battle. The regular soldiers put up a brief resistance, but the natives killed many of them. Some of the retreating militiamen did not stop until they crossed the Ohio River into Kentucky. Harmar sent another detachment after Little Turtle's warriors two days later. Once again, the natives inflicted heavy casualties upon the AmericansU.S. forces. Harmar immediately retreated to the safety of Fort Washington. He had lost 183 men killed or missing in this campaign. It became known as Harmar's Defeat.

Harmar's actions in western Ohio only heightened tensions between the white settlers and the IndiansNative Americans. Following Harmar's defeat, native attacks against settlers increased. In 1791, Arthur St. Clair led another campaign against the natives in western Ohio, hoping to succeed where Harmar had failed. To protect settlers and to force the Indians Native Americans to abide by the Treaty of Fort Harmar, Arthur St. Clair ordered the construction of forts in what is now western Ohio. St. Clair moved against the Indians Native Americans living near present-day Ft. Wayne , Indiana. His men left Fort Washington on September 17. The men marched twenty miles in two days and then built Fort Hamilton. St. Clair's army then advanced forty-five miles northward, where his men built Fort Jefferson. Leading primarily untrained militiamen, St. Clair faced problems with desertion from the beginning of his campaign. Although it was still early fall, his men faced cold temperatures, rain and snowfall. St. Clair also had a difficult time keeping his soldiers supplied with food. His men became demoralized. Despite these problems, St. Clair continued to advance against the Miami Indiansnatives. By November 3, his men had arrived on the banks of the Wabash River, near some of the Miami villages.

Little Turtle led his warriors against the Americans U.S. forces on the morning of November 4. Many of the militiamen under St. Clair immediately fled. St. Clair led the regular soldiers in a bayonet charge. St. Clair had two horses shot out from under him. Several bullets passed through his clothing and one took off a lock of his hair. The Indians Native American surrounded the American U.S. forces' camp. After three hours of fighting, the American U.S. regulars fought through the Indian Native American lines and began a lengthy retreat. The survivors reached Fort Jefferson late that afternoon and evening. With limited quantities of food and supplies at Fort Jefferson, St. Clair ordered his forces to Fort Washington. The Indians Native Americanss had soundly defeated St. Clair's army. President George Washington demanded that St. Clair resign from the army. St. Clair did so on April 7, 1792, but remained governor of the Northwest Territory. He still faced problems with the natives. St. Clair's Defeat was one of the worst in the history of the United States Army at the hands of Native Americans.

In 1792, President George Washington appointed Anthony Wayne as the commander of the United States Army of the Northwest. The major purpose of this army was to defend American U.S. settlers from Indian Native American attack. Washington hoped that Wayne would prove more successful than Harmar and St. Clair. Wayne arrived at Fort Washington with additional troops in May 1793. Wayne wanted to move against the natives immediately, but small pox and influenza weakened his men too severely. In October, Wayne finally left the Cincinnati area and headed to Fort Jefferson. He proceeded six miles to the north of Fort Jefferson and ordered the construction of Fort Greene Ville. His army remained there during the winter of 1793-1794. He also ordered his men to build Fort Recovery on the site of St. Clair's Defeat.

With St. Clair Wayne advancing into native territory, tensions escalated between the Americans U.S. and the Indians Native Americans during the summer of 1794. On June 30, 1,500 Shawnee Indiansnatives, Miami Indiansnatives, Delaware Indiansnatives, Ottawa Indiansnatives, and Ojibwa Indians natives led by Little Turtle attacked a supply train leaving Fort Recovery for Fort Greene Ville. In late July, Wayne moved into the heart of Indian TerritoryNative American territory. In early August, he had his men construct Fort Defiance to protect his army as well as to serve as a supply depot. During this time period, Wayne's men also destroyed native villages and crops. Believing that the Indians Native Americans should seek peace, Little Turtle refused to lead the tribes into battle and deferred to Blue Jacket, a Shawnee leader. As Wayne moved toward the Maumee River, the Indians Native Americans prepared to attack him at an area known as Fallen Timbers. It was a place where a tornado had knocked down many trees. The Indians Native Americans expected the Americans U.S. forces to arrive on August 19, but the white soldiers did not arrive until the next day. The natives fasted before the battle to avoid having food in their stomachs. The likelihood of infection increased if a person was wounded in the stomach and there was food in it. By August 20, the natives were weak from hunger.

Although the Indians Native Americans used the fallen trees for cover, Wayne's men quickly drove the Indians natives from the battlefield. The Americans U.S. forces had thirty-three men killed and roughly one hundred wounded, while the Indians Native Americans lost approximately twice that number. The fight became known as the Battle of Fallen Timbers. Blue Jacket's followers retreated to Fort MiamisMiami, hoping that the British would provide them with protection and assistance against Wayne's army. The English , but the British refused. Wayne followed the natives to the fort. Upon his arrival, Wayne ordered the British to evacuate the Northwest Territory. The British commander refused, and Wayne decided to withdraw to Fort Greene Ville.

For the next year, Wayne stayed at Fort Greene Ville, negotiating a treaty with the Ohio Indiansnatives. The natives realized that they were at a serious disadvantage with the AmericansU.S., especially because of Great Britain's refusal to support the Indians. On August 3, 1795, the Treaty of Greeneville was signed. Representatives from the Miami Indiansnatives, the Wyandot Indiansnatives, the Shawnee Indiansnatives, the Delaware Indiansnatives, and several other groups of native people agreed to move to the northwestern corner of what is present-day Ohio.

Not all Native Americans agreed with the Treaty of Greeneville, and bloodshed continued to dominate the region for the next twenty years as Americans the U.S. and natives struggled for control. Tecumseh, a Shawnee leader, posed the most serious threat to white settlement of the Northwest Territory and the state of Ohio during this period. Tecumseh decided that the best way to stop white advancement was to form a confederacy of Indian Native American nations west of the Appalachian Mountains. Tecumseh believed that no single group owned the land and that only all Native Americans together could turn land over to the whites . He also believed that, if the Indians natives united together, they would have a better chance militarily against the Americans,U.S.

In his quest, Tecumseh received assistance from his younger brother Tenskwatawa. Known as the Prophet, Tenskwatawa believed that the natives had to end their reliance on American U.S. goods, such as alcohol, iron cookware, and guns. The Indians Native Americans had angered the Master of Life by becoming dependent on these items. If they returned to native customs, the Master of Life would reward his followers by driving the Americans U.S. settlers from their land. Many Indians Native Americans found the Prophet's message appealing and began to gather at his village, Prophetstown, in the Indiana Territory.

Tecumseh used his brother's influence to convince the natives to put aside their traditional differences and unite together against the whites. He also visited many of the Native Americans west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Mississippi River seeking additional people to join his confederation. While most tribes listened to Tecumseh's proposal, many rejected his idea. This especially was true of Indians Native Americans in modern-day Tennessee, Georgia, and Mississippi. Many of these natives, unlike those in the Ohio River Valley, faced no real encroachment on their lands by Americansthe U.S. They also accepted white products and customs and did not want to lose access to these goods. Tecumseh had more success in Ohio, Kentucky, and the Indiana Territory. These were areas that whites had attempted to settle since before the French and Indian War.

Tecumseh's Confederacy failed. Many Indians Native Americans refused to end their trade and friendship with the AmericansU.S. The whites also greatly outnumbered the Indians natives and had greater access to firearms and ammunition. As Tecumseh's followers began to converge at Prophetstown, he also could not provide them with adequate food and shelter. To acquire white goods, the natives had engaged in the fur trade with the AmericansU.S. This trade greatly diminished the animal population and left the Indians natives with less to eat.

In 1811, William Henry Harrison led an American a U.S. army against Prophetstown. Tecumseh was away seeking allies in the southern part of the United States. He left his brother with orders not to attack the AmericansU.S. forces. The Prophet told his followers that the Master of Life would prevent the Americanssoldiers' bullets from hurting them. The struggle that followed was called the Battle of Tippecanoe. When Tecumseh returned, Prophetstown no longer existed. The natives had abandoned it, and Harrison had destroyed it. Many of Tecumseh's followers, hungry and defeated, returned to their former villages. Tecumseh did try to recreate his confederacy, but he had only limited success. Tecumseh's dream ended in 1813, with his death at the Battle of the Thames, during the War of 1812.

With Tecumseh's death, Native American resistance in Ohio came to an end. Natives in the state agreed to abide by the terms of the Treaty of Greeneville. Over the next several years, various groups signed additional treaties relinquishing their remaining territory. By 1843, the last large group of Native Americans in Ohio had agreed to give up their land.

SPosmontier
Retrieved from "https://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Special:MobileDiff/32283"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Bozeman Watershed Project Based on Flawed Assumptions Centennial Range Safe from Domestic Sheep For Now
Groups Sue To Eliminate Elk Feedgrounds in Wyoming
By George Wuerthner On April 16, 2021 · 2 Comments · In brucellosis, Cattle, Disease, Elk, Forest Service, Grazing and Livestock, National Parks, Politics, Public Land Management, Public Lands, Wildlife Disease, Wyoming
Concentrations of elk by artificial feeding at Wyoming Feedgrounds is spreading diseases like Chronic Wasting Disease. Photo George Wuerthner
Wyoming Fish and Game Department has 22 elk feed grounds scattered around the western part of the state and feeds as many as 17,000 elk every winter. The agency currently has eight of its 22 feedgrounds on National Forest land; six on BLM land.
The operation of feedgrounds has been controversial for decades. Many wildlife advocates argue that the feedgrounds are a natural conduit for the spread of wildlife diseases like brucellosis and Chronic Wasting Disease, a prion disease similar to Mad Cow Disease in cattle.
The livestock industry strongly supports feedgrounds because they believe it reduces elk conflicts on hay fields. There is also the issue that domestic livestock consumption of public forage on federal lands in summer likely reduces the carrying capacity for wildlife in winter, and the feedgrounds hide this fact. Feedgrounds like fish hatcheries that hide the degradation of watersheds by artificially sustaining catchable fish.
Several environmental organizations, including Gallatin Wildlife Association, Western Watersheds Project, Wyoming Wildlife Advocates, and Wyoming Sierra Club, are suing to force the Bridger Teton Forest Service to halt feeding operations on federal lands, arguing that the policy jeopardizes wild ungulate populations in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.
The National Elk Refuge was created in 1912 to feed starving elk. Photo George Wuethner
The first efforts to feed elk began with the establishment in 1912 of the National Elk Refuge by Jackson, Wyoming.
In 1929, the Wyoming legislature passed legislation making the Wyoming Department of Fish and Game financially liable for elk damage to hay crops. The Game and Fish decided the creation of feedgrounds could minimize elk-cattle conflicts. In 1929, feedgrounds were established to concentrate elk in the winter months to preclude feeding upon forage found on private ranchlands.
However, one of the negative effects of feedgrounds is that it keeps elk off naturally occurring winter range where they would be more widely distributed. The dense concentrations found at feedgrounds favors the spread of disease like brucellosis and chronic wasting disease (CWD).
Chronic Wasting Disease is a prion disease that infects ungulates like deer and elk. It involves the gradual wasting away of the brain and results in premature death. Elk and other wildlife can pick up CWD by grazing areas with infected animals through direct contact or by feeding on infected sites.
Symptoms include drastic weight loss (wasting), stumbling, listlessness, and other neurologic indicators. However, the disease takes years for an infected animal to display symptomatic effects. So an elk can become infected and not show outward symptoms for months yet can infect other members of the herd.
Some fear that the consumption of infected meat could result in CWD transfer to humans with similar outcomes. If this is shown to be a significant risk to hunters, it may well result in fewer hunting licenses sold, and in turn, fewer funds for the state game and fish departments that rely heavily on hunter fees to fund their programs.
To date, there have been no reported cases of CWD infection in people. However, caution in the interpretation of these assertions since there is no way to distinguish CWD in people from other prion diseases like Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD).
However, some experimental animal studies suggest CWD poses a risk to certain types of non-human primates, like monkeys, that eat meat from CWD-infected animals or meet brain or body fluids from infected deer or elk. Brain, spinal cord, and other meat nerves from CWD infected animals are the highest titer tissues. Thus a hunter removing an elk head for a trophic mount could risk exposure to CWD prions.
Plus, since the symptoms of CWD are similar to dementia, all prion diseases are under-diagnosed. With or without an autopsy, detection of CWD is impossible so that people could be dying from CWD but be diagnosed as death from dementia or ordinary CJD.
These studies raise concerns that there may also be a risk to people. Since 1997, the World Health Organization has recommended that all known prion diseases be precluded from entering the human food chain.
A further fear is that an infected human, but asymptomatic person, could contribute blood to the national blood banks and thus infect many thousands of people.
It is known from the experience at hundreds of game farms that concentrations of ungulates facilitate the spread of CWD. Recently CWD was discovered among elk in Grand Teton National Park and is likely to occur among elk at the National Elk Refuge as well. CWD is found throughout Wyoming and has recently been detected in many parts of Montana.
Many believe the spread of CWD to Montana is the result of natural migratory patterns of wildlife. A deer or elk, for instance, could become infected at a feedground on its winter range and travel a hundred or miles or more to its summer range, and infect other ungulates there.
Occurrence of Chronic Wasting Disease in the United States.
Ironically though CWD appears to be widespread in Wyoming, Colorado, and Montana, it has not been detected in Idaho. However, that may be due to insufficient testing procedures. Don't look. Don't find. CWD is also found across the country, with concentrations in the Upper Midwest, Pennsylvania, and New York. It is also commonly found in Alberta and elsewhere in Canada.
One unappreciated repercussion of CWD is that a significant decline in elk or deer herds may reduce the carrying capacity for the ecosystem's predators. Less elk or deer could result in less food for carnivores. Less carrion would impact everything from magpies to grizzlies. Ironically, there is good evidence that carnivores like wolves can detect CWD in animals long before the disease effects become apparent to humans.
Wolf predation could slow the spread of CWD. Photo George Wuerthner
Thus, wolves and other predators may help to limit the spread of CWD. Yet states like Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho have targeted wolves for reduction and may, in effect, contribute to the more repaid spread of CWD among ungulates.
Of course, the opportunity to observe wild elk is also a significant attraction to tourists and residents alike. A widespread outbreak of CWD in the herds could jeopardize wildlife viewing opportunities.
In response, this past winter, the Wyoming Legislature passed a statute requiring the Game and Fish Department and Commission to submit any proposal to close a feedground to the Wyoming Livestock Board for review before it heads to the governor. It would also require the replacement of any feedgrounds closed on federal lands.
The feedgrounds have been a perennial controversy for decades, and it does not seem like they will go away anytime soon. However, getting feedgrounds off federal lands may preclude the spread of the disease to new areas.
Tagged with: Bridger-Teton National Forest • brucellosis • chronic wasting disease • Elk • feedgrounds • grazing • livestock • Wyoming
George Wuerthner
George Wuerthner is an ecologist and former hunting guide with a degree in wildlife biology
2 Responses to Groups Sue To Eliminate Elk Feedgrounds in Wyoming
Maggie Frazier says:
SO by removing livestock from our National Forests and BLM land, not only would it benefit elk in the long run by freeing up forage, but would also benefit other wildlife, including our Wild Horses.
Seems to me a win win situation!
Beeline says:
If the hay/alfalfa fed to the elk has been treated with herbicides like glyphosate I do not believe that disease/infection rates will be reduced.


In April 2016, Jake and his brother Danny headed to the northern border of England to start an 800km hiking adventure across Scotland. The 40 day expedition started in Berwick-upon-Tweed just inside the English border. The brothers walked north along the Berwickshire Coast Path to Dunbar. Then a 10 day walk across southern Scotland using the John Muir Way got them across to the west coast. From there the only way was north and the West Highland Way helped them to make it to Ullapool and the half way point.
The second half of the trip made use of the UK's most difficult long distance trail, The Cape Wrath Trail. This 3 week trail helped them to reach there overall finishing point at Cape Wrath.
Click on the link below to see how the adventure unfolded.
After studying Marine and Freshwater Biology at The University of Aberystwyth, Jake eventually put his degree to good use by becoming an Aquarist. He worked at the Bristol Aquarium for two years and enjoyed filming sequences of the marine life. The links below show just a few of the many many animals present in the aquarium.
In April 2013 Jake and his brother Danny set off on an unforgettable journey They left their home in Bristol by foot and kept on walking until they reached the Mediterranean. The expedition took 130 days and covered nearly 3000 km including a 700 km traverse of the Alps. They took on the challenge for personal reasons as well as to help raise money for WaterAid.
Click on the video below to watch their film and photography show on the trip of a life time.
In October 2015, Jake's brother Daniel published the book A Walk to the Water. If you are interested in buying the book the please click the link below.


My article in Slate, "Best Weekend Never," ended up winning the 2010 Southern California Journalism Award in the Online Entertainment News/Feature/Commentary category (it was previously named a finalist).
At the July 27 ceremony, speakers included Sean Penn, Anderson Cooper, a Sarah Palin impersonation, and the governor (see photo).
My article in Slate, "Best Weekend Never," which won a 2010 National Entertainment Journalism Award, was just named a finalist for a 2010 Southern California Journalism Award in the Online Entertainment News/Feature/Commentary category. The award winners will be announced June 27. Apparently, Sean Penn and Anderson Cooper will be there.
Download the full list of finalists by clicking here or by visiting the LA Press Club website here.
I wanted to let you all know that I won a 2010 National Entertainment Journalism Award for first place in the Online Feature category for my piece in Slate, "Best Weekend Never." The awards were given by the Los Angeles Press Club at the Steve Allen Theater last night.
I am a finalist in the 2010 National Entertainment Journalism Awards for my piece in Slate, "Best Weekend Never." I'm very excited. Check out the full list of finalists by clicking here.


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The Art of Neil Gaiman
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By, Hayley Campbell (Author)
With unprecedented access to Neil Gaiman's personal archives, author Hayley Campbell gives an insider's glimpse into the artistic inspirations and musings of one of the world's most visionary writers.
Over the last twenty-five years, Neil Gaiman has mapped out a territory in the popular imagination that is uniquely his own. A master of several genres, including, but not limited to, bestselling novels, children's books, groundbreaking comics, and graphic novels, it's no wonder Gaiman has been called a rock star of the literary world. Now, for the first time, Gaiman reveals the inspiration behind his signature artistic motifs, giving author Hayley Campbell a rare, in-depth look at the contents of his personal notebooks and early work, even some of his abandoned projects. The result is a startling, intimate glimpse into the life and mind of one of the world's most creative visionaries. The book is the first comprehensive, full-color examination of Gaiman's work to date, tracing the genesis of his creative life as a starving journalist in the UK to his life as a successful comic book writer and, ultimately, a bestselling novelist.
Complete with running commentary, interview text, and annotated material that contextualizes the visual material, this deluxe compendium contains never-before-seen material and promises to be every bit as inspired as Gaiman is himself.


As far as we're concerned, the Cadillac Escalade was the fifth main character in Entourage. There was a fleet of flashier cars throughout the eight seasons—including the '65 Lincoln Continental in the opening credits—but the Escalade was ole reliable. We don't know if it'll come back in the movie, but we do know the boys from Queens will be rolling in the Cadillac Ciel concept car.
Adrian Grenier posted a couple photos of the Ciel on Instagram, one with the whole crew posted up and another with the cameras rolling. In the caption for the latter he challenged us to name the make and model, which... no problem. The Cadillac account also commented, confirming the Ciel is making its big-screen debut. We can't wait to see what other cars make cameos.


This insurance software company simplifies and accelerates claims management and processes through a range of technology solutions, networks, and partners for more than 300 insurance companies—including the majority of the top 25 insurance payers.
"They absolutely love the fact that they don't have to remember a million passwords"
With a growing cloud app set including NetSuite, Salesforce, Concur and others, this company had been wrestling with single sign-on (SSO) for months. While Active Directory (AD) and ADFS were working for internal applications, it wasn't long before they needed to accommodate more cloud services to support a rapidly growing user population. With the adoption of BMC Remedyforce, the VP of Enterprise Technology began working with the architecture team to identify a resource-efficient and scalable system for cloud user provisioning and authentication. "Our architecture team looks at how we can scale and we look at how we can leverage common tools across our platform," said the VP.
Meanwhile, users were struggling with a growing number of passwords and login instructions. Company employees continued to demand and use more apps, which meant that the architecture team needed to find a way to make things easier for users. The idea of having sheets of paper with passwords written on them was not sitting well with the security side of the organization. Also, the company needed a solution that could meet the necessary information security certification and ever-growing regulatory policy required for all technology partners.
The architecture team selected OneLogin to implement a "quicker, cleaner" path for authentication, leveraging the Active Directory Connector (ADC) for real-time synchronization to ensure timely provisioning to all of its business apps. "When we saw that your connector would work for us, we saw new potential for using business applications and that we could light up all the various tools that the business was using," said the VP. And with OneLogin's SSO capabilities, the company was able to create both time savings and convenience for every employee. "Employee productivity—if we're saving 1-2 minutes per day—adds up to 30-60 hours across the organization. That makes a huge difference if you add up all that time saved," states the VP.
During their due diligence, the company consulted their information security team to ensure all the right certifications were in place and that OneLogin's systems were up to their customers' security standards. "Our security head was involved and he got every piece of certification we needed up front to make sure it met our audit requirements and insurance customer needs. Insurance industry and security requirements keep getting tighter and tighter, so it's definitely helped us there," says the VP.
Since partnering with OneLogin, the Enterprise Technology team has been able to roll out apps with a higher level of convenience and stronger security. For example, within just a few minutes, the company was able to get WebEx out to team members that needed it, with no new passwords.
Human Resources decided to bring in an employee engagement and wellness platform to the company. While OneLogin didn't originally have a connector for it, the company asked and one was quickly developed and delivered.


This Choquequirao trek brings you through the site that was discovered by a French explorer in the 18th century. It fascinated 19th century explorers and was also visited by Hiram Bingham prior to his discovery of Machu Picchu. Grand and mysterious, this abandoned city has a lot of parallels to Machu Picchu and there are a variety of theories about its function. It is only recently that COPESCO (the official body responsible for tourism in Peru) has partially cleared the site, so there still remains a lot more to be discovered.
Horsemen and mules (to carry cooking and camping equipment).
Sleeping bag. If you do not have a sleeping bag or you don't want the hassle of bringing one all the way to Peru with you, then we have sleeping bags available for rent.
Our first day starts out from the village of Cachora, a 4 hour drive from Cusco. Leaving Cachora, the path works its way down in to the Apurimac Valley. We will have fantastic views of snow-capped peaks in the distance with the Apurimac Valley spread out before us throughout the day. After, a few hours of walking, we'll get to have our first views of Choquequirao sat on the far side of the valley. The area around Choquequirao is rich in life and we will see a wide variety of flora and fauna as we make our way down in to the valley.
Our campsite for the night is at Santa Rosa (2200m / 7215ft.) which is on the other side of the Apurimac River. As the campsite is a little further along the trail than most groups, it is one of the quietest places to camp on the whole trek so we can enjoy the beautiful scenery around us without distraction.
Today is probably the hardest day of the trek. To get to Choquequirao, we need to make our way back up the opposite side of the Apurimac Valley, which involves ascending about 800m / 2624ft. over a distance of 14km / 8.7 miles through hot and humid conditions. It's quite tough going but the views we get today mixed with the wide variety of flora and fauna you find on this side of the valley make it worth it.
Throughout the day, we will see a wide variety of bromeliads, orchids and stalks of bamboo. We'll also hopefully see birds such as Quetzals, Toucans and a variety of hummingbirds. After about a 5 hour walk, we arrive to our campsite close to Choquequirao (3050m / 10,005ft.) and settle down for the night. If the weather is clear, the views of the sun setting from here are amazing and we may be lucky enough to spot Condors soaring over the valley below.
Today's focus is on exploring Choquequirao. Upon waking up early, you'll head off on a guided tour of the site during which you'll be shown the most important and interesting sections of the city. While getting to learn about the Incan culture and the close relation between Choquequirao and Machu Picchu.
Compared to Machu Picchu, little is known about Choquequirao even though it has been known about for much longer. Originally, discovered in the 17th century by the Spanish, it laid abandoned and forgotten until recent years. When tourism raised the profile of the city and exploration began. Even with this increased interest, only 25% of the city has been explored and many of its secrets still wait to be discovered.
After your tour, you'll begin the trek back to Cachora along the route we came. Our campsite for tonight is Chiquiska (1800m / 5905ft.) in the base of the valley by the Apurimac River.
Today, is the final stretch of the trek as we make our way back to Cachora. Winding our way back up the side of the valley, we'll have our final views of Choquequirao in the distance before arriving to Cachora in the late afternoon and travelling by bus back to Cusco.


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Produced as part of our Workshop Series, Gothic Arch is inspired by the film Rashomon by acclaimed filmmaker Akira Kurosawa. It tells the compelling story of a single crime, retold and re-imagined through the unique lens of multiple witnesses. Gothic Arch explores the effect of perspective on storytelling, and how it can both mask and reveal something as complex as the truth.
In our Workshop Series we work alongside a playwright in the final stages of script development to bring his or her words to life on stage.
Jeffrey Fiske adapted and directed The Screwtape Letters, which has enjoyed two Off-Broadway runs, a national tour, a long run in Chicago and two runs at the Shakespeare Theatre in Washington, DC. He has also directed a production of Mark's Gospel, which won the Jeff Award for best one person show. His script of Boudica, the true story of the woman who commanded the largest rebellion against the Roman Empire, was performed at the Bouwerie Lane Theatre Off-Broadway, and is currently part of the Babes With Blades "Fighting Words" program here in Chicago. Jeff's play Britomart, the story of the one female Knight of the Round Table, was performed at the International Spoleto Festival. For several years he was a voter for the Lortel Awards, one of the highest awards given to Off-Broadway shows. His play Clytaemnestra, a multi-media retelling of The Orestaia, earned him a one year Playwriting Fellowship with the New Jersey State Council for the Arts.
His doctoral dissertation, Toward a New Renaissance, earned accolades from the Princeton University Institute for Advanced Studies and was the subject of discussion between Pulitzer Prize Winner Daniel J. Boostin and Sam Donaldson on a special ABC News program (Dr. Fiske worked with Dr. Boorstin on the book The Creators). Toward a New Renaissance also resulted in Jeff serving as an advisor to NASA and other space exploration organizations for two years. He has served as an advisor to and presented conference presentations at the Shakespeare Theatre of New Jersey, The Utah Shakespeare Festival, The Nebraska Repertory Company, and other regional theaters.
A college professor for nearly two decades, Jeff taught in the graduate schools of Drew University and Montclair State University, and was the advisor for many doctoral dissertations and masters theses. Jeff has his doctorate in theatre from Ohio State University.


Indulge in seaside yoga, panoramic views, European culture, and Old World charm on the Dalmation Coast of Croatia.
Join Vajra Sol in a charming Croatian village of limestone hills, olive groves, and old stone houses. Located 20 minutes from the city of Dubrovnik, a UNESCO World Heritage site, our serene retreat destination has sweeping views of the Adriatic Sea and breathtaking sunsets over the Elaphite Islands. We will awaken the senses with daily yoga practices, dine on Mediterranean inspired meals, explore the countryside, and dive into seaside activities.
After morning coffee, tea, and a snack, enjoy an energizing 90-minute yoga practice on our retreat hotel's poolside veranda. Morning classes will focus on moving the vital energy force in each of us through thoughtful sequencing and breath work. Some afternoons and evenings will include a restorative and meditative practice to assimilate the day.
The retreat includes group outings such as a day exploring the Dalmatian coast and islands by boat with swimming and snorkeling, and a tour of the medieval walled city of Dubrovnik with its rich history, sidewalk cafes and Old World architecture. Personal free time can be filled with poolside lounging, a hike in the hills, a vineyard tour, and seaside activities.
An unexpected pleasure of Croatia is the amazing Mediterranean cuisine. We will dine on fresh and locally sourced food that is delicious and wholesome. The region is well known for growing figs and cherries and producing some of the finest olive oil and wine in the world. The culinary climax will be a countryside excursion to enjoy a traditional "agroturizam" dinner.
We spend the week in a tranquil Croatian village just north of Dubrovnik. The host hotel is a charming boutique villa that is the essence of simple luxury. Their welcoming philosophy to unplug is, "No shoes, no news." Perfect! The hillside property is just a 10-minute walk to a pebble-stoned swimming beach.
Mornings allow for a poolside coffee, tea, and light snack, followed by an energizing vinyasa flow yoga practice, then a Mediterranean brunch. Three days include group excursions while other afternoons will be yours to explore or stay at the villa, relax and give into the laid-back vibe of the countryside.
The Croatia retreat is in a nature-inspired setting that encourages you to slow down and align with the rhythm of place.
Your retreat home away from home! Prices are per person and in US $.
The hotel owners are architects and their style focuses on simplicity and comfort. Each room is slightly different and has a breathtaking sea-view. Rooms come equipped with one king-size bed or two twins, a modern bathroom (shower only), air-conditioning, and wireless internet. In a shared kitchen, there is a mini-bar with snacks and drinks.
What is included in the retreat cost?
How do I get to the retreat destination?
Fly into Dubrovnik international airport (DBK). If you're flying from North America, you may have to transfer through another European city. Optionally, you can fly into the international airports in the cities of Zagreb or Split and take a domestic flight to Dubrovnik. Our host hotel is a 45-minute scenic drive along the coast from the airport.
Plan to arrive at our retreat hotel by mid-afternoon on the first day, a Saturday, of the retreat. Check-in is at 3:00pm.
You will receive information for airport transfers (not included) when you register.
Our retreat ends on the following Saturday after brunch. You can book your flight for early afternoon onward. Check-out is at 12:00 pm.
If you are traveling from the U.S. or Canada, try to arrive a day or two early to adjust to the time zone. You will be in better shape to fully enjoy your retreat. If you have additional days to travel, a few days on one of the islands is recommended.
What are the meals like?
Croatia may surprise you with its cuisine! They eat very fresh, locally sourced, and the food is delicious and wholesome. The region is well known for growing figs and cherries, and for producing the finest olive oil and wine. Influenced by the Mediterranean and Italian palate, Croatians enjoy slow meals and eating well! Our host hotel restaurant creates dishes with high quality and organic ingredients; fruits, vegetables, meat, fish are bought from local farmers and fishermen. Vegetarian dishes are offered for all meals. Gluten-free and dairy-free are uncommon in the Croatian diet and therefore gluten-free and dairy-free food products are not readily available. If your diet requires it, our host hotel will prepare special meals without gluten and/or dairy with advance notice before the retreat.
You will have plenty of free time to fill as you like or simply enjoy our host hotel's amenities.
Read a book, journal, chat with new friends, and always enjoy the view!
What is the group size for the retreat?
What is the group size for this retreat?
The retreat is limited to 16 persons to maintain general comfort for group travel and to allow for personalized attention to each participant. This retreat is for the fun-loving yogi traveler who appreciates finely curated travel experiences with a small group of like-minded people. We take care of all the planning. You only need to book your plane ticket and pack your bags. Solo travelers are very welcome!
What is your payment and cancellation policy?
Should you need to cancel your reservation prior to the full payment due date you will receive a refund for payment made less the US $950 deposit. If your spot can be filled, your deposit can be refunded 50% or fully credited to another Vajra Sol retreat within one year.
Should you need to cancel after your retreat payment due date, for whatever reason, we will not be able to provide a refund or credit for any payment made.
In the unlikely event Vajra Sol needs to cancel a retreat a full refund of payment made will be given. Vajra Sol will not be held liable for any expenses incurred by the participant for a retreat canceled either by the participant or by Vajra Sol. No refunds are provided for arriving late or departing the retreat early, for activities or meals in which one does not participate.
Purchasing trip insurance is strongly recommended for coverage of any unplanned changes that may occur before or during your trip, such as trip cancelation or delayed flights, lost luggage, emergency medical assistance and more.
To receive the complete retreat details by email and/or check on availability.
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Why do you feel stiff when you wake up – and how to avoid it?
It happened to the best of us. You go to bed feeling good, and then somewhere in the head, something uncomfortable happens. Maybe you sleep on too many pillows. Or you try to twist your limbs down. Either way, when you open your eyes and prepare to start the day, you'll notice some stiffness and some tension. What gives?
According to David Reavy of the React PT in Chicago, the classic reason for rigidity is to keep your muscles in a shorter position for a long time. "Generally sleep – unless you're a restless sleeper – put your body in the same position for eight hours," Reavy points out. If it happens to be an interesting location, you might feel a little uncomfortable: "imagine that when you're standing, your head is bent 45 degrees for eight hours. "Your neck feels terrible," says levy.
But luckily, you can help ward off unnecessary pain by relaxing and stretching your muscles before bed, Reavy says. Try his recs for the most common source of pain – a stiff neck and a stiff back – so you can wake up feeling refreshed and rejuvenated rather than stiff.
Lie down on the hockey ball under your left hip and place as much weight as you can on the ball. Bend your knees back to 90 degrees. Swing your left leg around the tolerable range. Repeat 30 seconds to two minutes, then switch sides and repeat.
With both hands facing down, wider than the chest width; Turn your palms slightly. Slide your right leg to the right to form a 90-degree Angle. Push your hands until your arms are straight and lift your shoulders from the floor. Keep your shoulder blades back and hips squeezed. The hips should be kept on the floor, elbows close to both sides. Look up and twist your torso. Go back to the beginning and repeat on the other side.
Stand up with your legs apart. Bend your right knee and bring your right foot to your hip and grab your ankles. Keep your knees below your hips and keep your abs tight. Pull your feet to your hips until you feel the stretch. Hold for 30 seconds and release. Repeat the other paragraph.
A bar or hockey ball standing at the bottom of the shoulder is placed halfway between the neck and the edge of the shoulder. Move around until you find a bidding area. Next, move your shoulders up and down for 45 seconds or until the tension is over.
Stand up, feet apart. Grasp the end of the resistance band with both hands, pull until tight, and form "T" with the body; Squeeze the shoulder blades together. Hold this position and lift the arm and turn the palm forward, then form a "T" on the back strap. Squeeze the shoulder blades together.
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Le Tombeau de Couperin (The Grave of Couperin) is a suite for solo piano by Maurice Ravel, composed between 1914 and 1917. The piece is in six movements, based on those of a traditional Baroque suite. Each movement is dedicated to the memory of a friend of the composer (or in one case, two brothers) who had died fighting in World War I. Ravel also produced an orchestral version of the work in 1919, although this omitted two of the original movements.

Overview
The word tombeau in the title is a musical term popular from the 17th century, meaning "a piece written as a memorial". The specific Couperin, among a family noted as musicians for about two centuries, that Ravel intended to evoke is thought to be François Couperin "the Great" (1668–1733).  Ravel stated that his intention was to pay homage more generally to the sensibilities of the Baroque French keyboard suite, not necessarily to imitate or pay tribute to Couperin himself in particular. This is reflected in the piece's structure, which imitates a Baroque dance suite.

As a preparatory exercise, Ravel had transcribed a forlane (an Italian folk dance) from the fourth suite of Couperin's Concerts royaux, and this piece invokes Ravel's Forlane structurally. The other movements are similarly based on Baroque forms, with the Toccata taking the form of a perpetuum mobile reminiscent of Alessandro Scarlatti. Ravel also revives Baroque practices through his distinctive use of ornamentation and modal harmony. Neoclassicism also shines through with Ravel's pointedly twentieth-century chromatic melody and piquant harmonies, particularly in the dissonant Forlane.

Written after the death of Ravel's mother in 1917 and of friends in the First World War, Le Tombeau de Couperin is a light-hearted, and sometimes reflective work rather than a sombre one which Ravel explained in response to criticism saying: "The dead are sad enough, in their eternal silence."

The first performance of the original piano version was given on 11 April 1919 by Marguerite Long, in the Salle Gaveau in Paris. Long was the widow of Joseph de Marliave, to whom the last movement of the piece, the Toccata, is dedicated.

Composition
The movements are as follows:

Orchestrations and transcriptions

In 1919 Ravel orchestrated four movements of the work (Prélude, Forlane, Menuet and Rigaudon); this version was premiered in February 1920 by Rhené-Baton and the Pasdeloup Orchestra, and has remained one of his more popular works. The orchestral version clarifies the harmonic language of the suite and brings sharpness to its classical dance rhythms. The oboe features prominently, taking the melody in the Prélude and the Menuet, as well as for the pastoral C minor section of the Rigaudon, where it is accompanied by guitar-like pizzicati.

The orchestrated version is scored for two flutes (one doubling piccolo), two oboes (one doubling cor anglais), two clarinets, two bassoons, two horns, trumpet, harp, and strings.

Only a few years after Ravel's own orchestration, Lucien Garban (working under the pseudonym of Roger Branga) produced a version of the piece for 'small orchestra' with a piano-conductor, consisting of the Prélude, Menuet and Rigaudon. He had previously transcribed the full suite for piano four hands in 1919.

Several other composers have since created orchestrations of those two movements which Ravel omitted, the Fugue and the Toccata. David Diamond orchestrated the second movement Fugue, while the Hungarian pianist and conductor Zoltán Kocsis produced his own version of both the Fugue and the Toccata. However, here, the Toccata, scored for a very large orchestra, goes far beyond the limits of Ravel's own, small orchestra, and the Fugue is set for winds only. Another instrumentation of Fugue and Toccata by pianist Michael Round was recorded by Vladimir Ashkenazy (Exton, 2003): the score is published (as two separate titles, 'Fugue' and 'Toccata') by Edwin F. Kalmus. Round's version of the Toccata adds percussion, requiring up to five players. Kalmus omitted the percussion parts from the published score so as to exactly match the orchestration of the rest of the suite, but these parts are available separately, directly from the orchestrator. In 2013 the British composer Kenneth Hesketh orchestrated the Fugue and Toccata for the exact orchestration of the original four-movement orchestral suite. The first performance was given by the Goettingen Symphony Orchestra conducted by Christoph-Mathias Mueller. The scores are available from Schott Music, London.

Four movements (Prélude, Forlane, Menuet, and Rigaudon) have been arranged for wind quintet by American horn player Mason Jones (1919–2009). Danish composer Hans Abrahamsen has also transcribed four movements for wind quintet, and further, American composer Gunther Schuller has made a wind-quintet arrangement.

In 1986 an orchestration of the Prélude was created by Michel Colombier for Branford Marsalis on his album Romances for Saxophone. Marsalis played the melody with a soprano saxophone.

In 2013, Trevor P. Wagler re-arranged the orchestral version of four movements (Prélude, Forlane, Menuet, and Rigaudon) down to a quintet (ob/cl/vn/vcl/pft), premiered at Wilfrid Laurier University.

The four orchestral movements (Prélude, Forlane, Menuet and Rigaudon) were arranged by Elena González Arias (Adliswil: Ed.Kunzelmann, 2014) for oboe and piano in 2014.

References

External links

Le Tombeau de Couperin - free complete recording at The Piano Society
Le Tombeau de Couperin at maurice-ravel.net
Listen to Toccata from Le Tombeau de Couperin orchestrated by Kenneth Hesketh
Youtube: Orchestration of the Fugue and Toccata by Jack M. Jarrett (1982)
Youtube: Jazz arrangement of the Prelude by Tamir Hendelman (piano), Marco Panascia (bass), Lewis Nash (drums) (2010)

Suites by Maurice Ravel
Compositions for solo piano
Compositions for symphony orchestra
1917 compositions
1919 compositions
Funerary and memorial compositions
Orchestral suites
Music with dedications
Neoclassicism (music)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The list below includes the cities that the US Post Office accepts for ZIP code 31808. The preferred city may not be the city in which the ZIP is located. The city for 31808 is usually the name of the main post office. When mailing your package or letter, always include the preferred or acceptable cities. Using any city in the list of unacceptable cities may result in delays.
ZIP code 31808 is located in western Georgia and covers a slightly less than average land area compared to other ZIP codes in the United States. It also has a slightly less than average population density.
The people living in ZIP code 31808 are primarily white. The number of middle aged adults is extremely large while the number of people in their late 20s to early 40s is large. There are also an extremely large number of families and an extremely small number of single adults. The percentage of children under 18 living in the 31808 ZIP code is slightly higher than average compared to other areas of the country.
ZIP code 31808 has a small percentage of vacancies.
The majority of household are owned or have a mortgage. Homes in ZIP code 31808 were primarily built in the 1990s or the 2000s. Looking at 31808 real estate data, the median home value of $221,300 is slightly higher than average compared to the rest of the country. It is also high compared to nearby ZIP codes. So you are less likely to find inexpensive homes in 31808. Rentals in 31808 are most commonly 3+ bedrooms. The rent for 3+ bedrooms is normally $1,000+/month including utilities. Prices for rental property include ZIP code 31808 apartments, townhouses, and homes that are primary residences.
For more information, see Columbus, GA home values.
The median household income of $81,325 is compared to the rest of the country. It is also compared to nearby ZIP codes. So 31808 is likely to be one of the nicer parts of town with a more affluent demographic.
As with most parts of the country, vehicles are the most common form of transportation to places of employment. In most parts of the country, the majority of commuters get to work in under half an hour. A slightly higher than average number of commuters in 31808 can expect to fall in that range. It is very uncommon, compared to the rest of the US, for employees to have to travel more than 45 minutes to their place of employment.
ZIP Code 31808 is in the Harris County School District. There are 1 different elementary schools and high schools with mailing addresses in ZIP code 31808.


The VA Home Loan Program helps our eligible service men and women and their families become homeowners. We are excited and honored to participate in this invaluable benefit that gives back to those who serve our country in the Armed Forces. It is an opportunity they have truly earned.
We have an exceptionally experienced team of Linda Jacopetti and Marcy Neves leading our VA program. Linda, our Head of Underwriting and Government Operations, has built VA programs from the ground up several times and leveraged that expertise to design Parkside's system. Marcy, our Government Underwriting Manager, is the most-tenured underwriter in the VA system and leads our VA underwriting team.
With this leadership and historical experience, we have built an underwriting team at Parkside that has the expertise to navigate the nuances of VA in a way that maximizes the benefit to the Veteran while still providing good loans that the Veteran can sustain long-term.
By working with Parkside to get our veterans and their families into home ownership, you are bringing the Power of Caring to those who so deserve this special level of service and support.
No AVM or appraisals on owner-occupied primary residence transactions!


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UK Customer Services0330 880 3600
Open Mon - Fri 8:30am - 6pm.
Sat 8:30am - 5pm.
(Calls may be monitored or recorded)
Contact details can be found in your policy documentation
Available 24 hours a day, every day
Travel Insurance Luxembourg
Luxembourg Country Guide
Embassies & Visas
Cities/Regions
Full Name: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Capital City: Luxembourg
Language Spoken: Luxembourgish (national language), German (administrative language), French (administrative language)
Luxembourg Travel Insurance
Get travel insurance to Luxembourg from Direct Travel Insurance. We offer low cost and high quality travel insurance to Luxembourg and most of the world.
49 45 N, 6 10 E
Elevation Extremes
lowest point: Moselle River 133 m highest point: Buurgplaatz 559 m
Land boundaries
total: 359 km border countries: Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 138 km
iron ore (no longer exploited), arable land
arable land: 23.94% permanent crops: 0.39% other: 75.67% (includes Belgium) (2005)
Environmental current issues
air and water pollution in urban areas, soil pollution of farmland
Warm weather from May to September and snow likely during winter months. The north (the Ardennes region) tends to be wetter and colder than the south. Required clothing Waterproofs are advisable at all times of the year.
time difference: UTC+1 daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
474,413 (July 2006 est.)
0-14 years: 18.9% (male 46,118/female 43,356) 15-64 years: 66.5% (male 159,498/female 156,075) 65 years and over: 14.6% (male 28,027/female 41,339) (2006 est.)
total: 38.7 years male: 37.7 years female: 39.7 years (2006 est.)
1.23% (2006 est.)
11.94 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
8.41 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Net migration rate
8.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
total population: 78.89 years male: 75.6 years female: 82.38 years (2006 est.)
1.78 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Visiting business persons are expected to wear suits to meetings. It is advisable to make prior appointments and business cards are often used. Many Luxembourgers are also able to speak English, especially in the business and government sectors. Office hours are generally 0830-1200 and 1400-1800 Monday to Friday.
Luxembourg has a very low crime rate. Visitors should nonetheless take appropriate precautions against petty thieves such as pickpockets and purse-snatchers. Such thieves have been known to lurk in highly frequented tourist areas. Visitors should also take precautions against car thieves and residential burglars. The police in Luxembourg are very well equipped and ready to respond to a call in a timely manner.
Luxembourg has a wide range of hotels. A number of holiday flats and chalets are available throughout the country. There are over 120 campsites throughout the country. According to government regulations, campsites are ranged in three different categories and the tariff in each camp is shown at the entrance. There are youth hostels at Beaufort, Bourglinster, Echternach, Ettelbruck, Grevenmacher, Hollenfels, Lultzhausen, Luxembourg-Ville, Vianden and Wiltz.
Full telephone IDD service is available. The country code is 352 and there are no area codes. The outgoing international code is 00. International phones have a yellow sign showing a telephone dial with a receiver in the center. There is a fax booth at the Luxembourg-Ville main post office. Faxes may be sent to a central number (491 175) for delivery by express mail within Luxembourg. Post office hours are generally 0800-1200 and 1330-1700 Monday to Friday. The Luxembourg-Ville main office is open 0700-1900. Smaller offices may open for only a few hours. Telephone 49911 for details.
is 220 volts AC, 50Hz. Electricity 220 volts AC, 50Hz.
C,F
Luxembourg cooking combines German heartiness with Franco-Belgian finesse. The preparation of trout, pike and crayfish is excellent, as are the pastries and cakes. Delicious desserts are prepared with local liqueurs, and a dash of quetsch, mirabelle or kirsch will be added to babas or fruit cups. Most aspects of restaurants and bars are similar to the rest of Europe. Luxembourg's white Moselle wines resemble those of the Rhine, but are drier than the fruitier wines of the French Moselle. Beer is another specialty and is a traditional industry. Minimum drinking age: The minimum age for drinking in bars is 17, and anyone younger than 17 must be accompanied by an adult in cafes and bars. Hours are generally from 0700-2400 (weekdays) and until 0300 (weekends and public holidays). Nightclubs are generally open until 0300.
National specialties:
? Carr? de porc fum? (smoked pork and broad beans or sauerkraut).
? Cochon de lait en gel?e (jellied suckling pig).
? Jambon d'Ardennes (famous smoked Ardennes ham).
? Tarte aux quetsches.
? Omelette souffl?e au kirsch. National drinks:
? Bofferding, Diekirch Mousel and Simon (beer).
? Eau de vie (45 to 50 per cent alcohol).
Tipping:
Bills generally include service, but a rounding up is often given. Taxi drivers expect 10 per cent of meter charge.
Visitors to Luxembourg can enjoy a variety of evening entertainment from theater performances, classical music concerts, opera and ballet, to nightclubs, cinemas and discos. For more information, contact the Luxembourg City Tourist Office (see Top Things To Do).
Entry departure requirements
Note Luxembourg is a signatory to the 1995 Schengen Agreement.
Visa immigration information
Passport valid for at least three months beyond length of stay required by all except:
(a)1. EU/EEA nationals (EU + Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway) and Swiss nationals holding a valid national ID card.
Note: EU and EEA nationals are only required to produce evidence of their EU/EEA nationality and identity in order to be admitted to any EU/EEA Member State. This evidence can take the form of a valid national passport or national identity card. Either is acceptable. Possession of a return ticket, any length of validity on their document, sufficient funds for the length of their proposed visit should not be imposed.
(b) nationals of Andorra, Monaco and San Marino, holding a valid national ID card.
2. It is advisable to have a return ticket, but not obligatory. If a visitor is not in possession of a return ticket, proof of sufficient means of support may be required.
Required by all except the following nationals for periods not exceeding three months and as long as the passport is still valid for three months beyond length of stay:
(a) nationals referred to in the chart above;
(b) nationals mentioned under passport exemptions above;
(c) nationals of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Hong Kong (SAR), Iceland, Israel, Korea (Rep), Macau (SAR), Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Romania, Singapore, Uruguay, Vatican City and Venezuela;
(d) passengers continuing their journey by the same or first connecting aircraft within 72 hours provided holding valid onward or return documentation and not leaving the airport (except nationals of certain countries who always need an airport transit visa). Please contact the Consulate for details.
Types of visa and cost
A uniform type of visa, the Schengen visa, is issued for tourist, business and private visits. All Schengen visas, regardless of the duration of stay and whether single- or multiple-entry, are available for approximately US$46 , although prices are subject to change.
Spouses and children of EU nationals (providing spouse's passport and the original marriage certificate is produced) receive their visas free of charge (enquire at Embassy for details).
Short-stay visas are valid for up to six months from date of issue for single- or multiple-entries of maximum 90 days in total. Transit visas are valid for single- or multiple-entries of maximum five days per entry, including the day of arrival. Long-stay visas are valid for up to one year. Visas cannot be extended; a new application must be made each time.
Application to
Applications must be made in person to the Consulate (or Consular section at Embassy) of the Benelux country which the applicant will enter first.
(a) One completed application form. (b) One passport-size photo. (c) Passport valid for at least three months longer than the validity of the visa (with a blank page to affix visa stamp). (d) Proof of the purpose of visit (official letter of invitation/confirmed hotel booking; onward or return ticket). (e) Evidence of sufficient funds to cover the duration of stay. (f) Evidence of medical coverage for the Schengen countries (eg form E111). (g) Fee.
Working days required
Two days to three weeks depending on purpose of visit and nationality.
Temporary residence
Enquire about special application procedures at Consulate (or Consular section at Embassy); see Passport/Visa Information.
HIV entry requirements
No Test Required
Departure tax
Embassy of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg in the UK
27 Wilton Crescent, London SW1X 8SD, UK
Tel: (020) 7235 6961.
Website: http://londres.mae.lu/en
Opening hours: Mon-Fri 0900-1230 and 1330-1700; 1000-1145 (visa section; applications).
Embassy of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg in the USA
2200 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA
Tel: (202) 265 4171/2
Website: http://washington.mae.lu/en
Most visits to Luxembourg are trouble-free but you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate international terrorist attacks, which could be against civilian targets, including places frequented by foreigners.
This advice is based on information provided by the Foreign & Commonwealth Office in the UK. It is correct at time of publishing. As the situation can change rapidly, visitors are advised to contact the following organizations for the latest travel advice.
British Foreign and Commonwealth Office
Tel: (0845) 850 2829.
Website: www.fco.gov.uk
Website: https://travel.state.gov/content/travel.html
Single European currency (Euro): The Euro is now the official currency of 12 EU member states (including Luxembourg). The first Euro coins and notes were introduced in January 2002; the Luxembourg Franc was completely replaced by the Euro on 28 February 2002. Euro (?) = 100 cents. Notes are in denominations of ?500, 200, 100, 50, 20, 10 and 5. Coins are in denominations of ?2 and 1, and 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 and 1 cents.
Currency restrictions
There are no restrictions on the import and export of either local or foreign currency.
Banking hours
Generally Mon-Fri 0830-1630, with limited hours on Saturday.
Foreign currencies, travelers cheques and cheques can be exchanged at banks, bureaux de change, the airport, railway stations, the post office and major hotels (generally at a less advantageous rate).
American Express, Diners Club, MasterCard, Visa and others are all widely accepted, as well as Eurocheque cards. Many retailers require a minimum (eg ?10 to 25) before accepting credit/debit cards. Check with your credit or debit card company for details of merchant acceptability and other services which may be available. ATMs are widely available.
Widely accepted. To avoid additional exchange rate charges, travelers are advised to take traveller's cheques in Euros, Pounds Sterling or US Dollars.
Recent Disease Outbreaks
Hospital Database
Good quality dental care can be found in the larger towns and cities
Medication Availability
Supplies of international medications are generally available
Blood supplies are considered as safe, collected from volunteer donors and screened to international standards
Medical facilities are available, but may be limited outside urban areas.
General caution
Recent medical and dental exams should ensure that the traveler is in good health. Carry appropriate health and accident insurance documents and copies of any important medical records. Bring an adequate supply of all prescription and other medications as well as any necessary personal hygiene items, including a spare pair of eyeglasses or contact lenses if necessary.
Heavy concentrations of salmonella bacteria have caused health officials to warn against swimming in the Grand Duchy's main rivers: the Moesel and the Sure. Hikers should take protective measures against ticks.
All routine vaccines (such as DTP or Td, Hib, MMR, polio, varicella, influenza and pneumococcal) should be kept up-to-date as a matter of good health practice unrelated to travel.
Disease risk summary
Luxembourg enjoys a high standard of public health. The incidence of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases is slightly higher than is found in other industrialized countries. Ordinary colds and bronchial coughs from the damp climate are the most common ailments. Humidity increases sinus trouble, rheumatism, arthritis, catarrh, and asthma. The incidence of communicable diseases in most areas is such that they are unlikely to prove a hazard to the international traveler greater than that found in his own country. There are, of course, health risks, but in most areas the precautions required are minimal. High levels of immunization coverage have reduced the incidence of diseases such as measles and diphtheria. Influenza risk extends from November to April. Rabies is prevalent in wild animals, especially foxes, in rural areas. Lyme disease occurs.
No recent disease outbreaks
Centre Hospitalier de Lorraine Cliniques du Sud-Luxembourg (CSL) Rue de Harnoncourt 48 Virton-St-Mard 6762
Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg 4, Rue Barble Luxembourg 1210
Clinique Belle-Vue Cliniques du Sud-Luxembourg (CSL) Avenue de la Liberation 39 Athus 6791
Clinique Sainte Therese 36, rue Sainte Zithe Luxembourg L-2763
Clinique St. Joseph Cliniques du Sud-Luxembourg (CSL) Rue des Deportes 137 Arlon 6700
Clinique Ste. Therese 36 Rue Zithe Luxembourg L-2763
Hopital de la Ville d'Esch-sur-Alzette Emile Mayrisch Street BP 436 Esch-sur-Alzette 4005
Luxembourg has a long tradition of operating radio and TV services for pan-European audiences, including those in France, Germany and the UK thanks to the Luxembourg-based media group RTL. Today, RTL's television and radio stations remain key players in media markets across Europe. The country is also home to Europe's largest satellite operator, Societ? Europ?enne des Satellites (SES), which operates the Astra satellite fleet. Freedom of speech is guaranteed by the constitution.
Press: There are several daily newspapers including the L?tzebuerger Journal, Luxemburger Wort, Tageblatt/Zeitung fir Letzebuerg and Zeitung vum L?tzeburger Vollek. 352 is an weekly publication in English.
TV: RTL Tele Letzebuerg is RTL's domestic network; Nordliicht TV broadcasts in northern Luxembourg.
Radio: RTL Radio Letzebuerg is RTL's domestic network; Den Neien Radio is a commercial network; Radio ARA broadcasts a variety of music and some English-language programs; EldoRadio broadcasts pop music; Honnert,7 (100.7) is a public, cultural station.


text:
I Am…, lansat pe 6 aprilie 1999, este al treilea album al raperului Nas. Considerat un album de revenire dupa 3 ani de la ultimul album lansat, albumul a debutat pe locul 1 in topuri, vanzand peste 470000 de copii in prima saptamana de la lansare. In ciuda criticilor primite pentru "comercialitatea" sa, albumul a fost primit bine de catre fani.

Conceptul initial

Initial, albumul trebuia sa se intituleze I Am...The Autobiography si sa fie un album autobiografic, continand doua CD-uri. Totusi, Nas a fost nevoit sa renunte la piese si sa faca un singur CD. "I Am..." a fost unul din primele mari albume care "s-a scurs" pe Internet in format MP3. Unele melodii au fost lansate in 2002 in compilatia The Lost Tapes. Conceptul initial al albumului "I Am..." poate fi vazut in melodii precum "Fetus", de pe The Lost Tapes. In total, Nas a inregistrat in jur de 110 melodii pentru acest album.

Lista melodiilor

 "Album Intro" - 2:51
 "N.Y. State of Mind Pt. II" - 3:36
 "Hate Me Now" - Nas & Puff Daddy - 4:44
 "Small World - 4:45
 "Favor for a Favor" - Nas & Scarface - 4:07
 "We Will Survive" - 5:00
 "Ghetto Prisoners" - 4:00
 "You Won't See Me Tonight" - Nas feat. Aaliyah - 4:22
 "I Want to Talk to You" - 4:36
 "Dr. Knockboot" - 2:25
 "Life Is What You Make It" - Nas & DMX - 4:04
 "Big Things" - 3:39
 "Nas Is Like" - 3:57
 "K-I-SS-I-N-G" - 4:15
 "Money Is My Bitch" - 4:02
 "Undying Love" - 4:23

Albume din 1999


text:
WISE Workplace
eWISE
2020 Course Dates
Full Investigation Service
Supported Investigation
Bullying, Harassment & Discrimination
Information for New Clients
Fraud, Corruption & Whistleblowing
Investigation Practice
Managing Misconduct over the Holidays
Vince Scopelliti - Wednesday, December 18, 2019
The festive season is fraught with concern for employers. With many staff on leave and those who remain letting their proverbial hair down (often with a beverage or three!) the holiday period can be a minefield.
We take a look at when employees are still considered to be "at work", define misconduct and provide some tips for dealing with poor behaviour in the workplace over the holidays.
When are employees still 'at work'?
A workplace is where people perform their jobs, undertaking their contracted hours of work. However, a work function held outside the office and outside regular business hours, is considered to be an extension of the workplace.
A general rule of thumb is, that if an event is organised and paid for by an employer, it's officially sanctioned. Liability therefore remains with the employer for any misconduct that occurs. This is likely to be the case, regardless of how many pre-event warnings have been issued to staff, and how many times staff have been reminded of the applicable policies and codes of conduct.
It is also important to keep in mind that employers may bear third party liability, to family members who attend a staff Christmas party, functions held in public venues (where people other than staff could get injured) and in circumstances where a worker causes injury to another person, when leaving an event in a state of intoxication.
defining misconduct in the workplace
Misconduct over the holiday period generally refers to inappropriate behaviour such as discrimination, workplace harassment and bullying, or sexual harassment. This type of behaviour is often associated with the Christmas party, where people have consumed alcohol and have lowered inhibitions.
It is important for employers to remember that the definition of sexual harassment, for example, includes but is not limited to, conduct of a sexual nature which is offensive, humiliating or embarrassing to the person complaining of the behaviour. Crucially, it is irrelevant if the behaviour was intended to offend - it is the opinion of the "victim" and not the "perpetrator" which is relevant.
Other types of misconduct include staff pulling "sickies" due to hangovers, or poor behaviour such as sharing inappropriate stories or having general disagreements between co-workers boil over.
why is there a prevalence of misconduct over the holidays?
As noted, there is often an increased incidence of misconduct in circumstances where staff are consuming (potentially excessive) amounts of alcohol and otherwise lowering inhibitions.
There is also a general misapprehension amongst employees to the effect that a Christmas party is not considered to be related to employment - which is not the case.
This is part of the reason why employers should also give serious consideration as to whether they wish to gift alcohol, either to their staff or to clients or business associates. While alcohol is a convenient and often appreciated gift, it can create an impression that an employer is not concerned about responsible service of alcohol.
mitigating the risk of misconduct
There are numerous ways that employers can mitigate the risk of misconduct during the holidays.
Before a function, employers should take steps to remind staff (generally via an email) that it is to be treated as a workplace event, and therefore the usual policies and procedures remain in place. It is also timely to recirculate documents such as code of conduct, sexual harassment or bullying policies and procedures.
During the work function, employers should consider ensuring that at least one (if not more) senior personnel are in a position to remind staff who have over-consumed alcohol, that they should stop drinking and/or perhaps even leave the event.
Similarly, companies should ensure that there are sufficient taxi vouchers or other safe methods of transport home, for all employees who want them. This ensures that the business cannot be responsible for any employees who injure themselves and/or others on the way from the party.
If allegations of misconduct do arise from a Christmas function, employers must ensure that due process and fair procedures are implemented. This includes taking into account the fact that staff may be on leave or have applied to be on leave.
Although the investigative process should not be unnecessarily drawn out, staff who have pre-booked leave, should not be prejudiced by the fact that they are unavailable at that time of year. They should have the same opportunity to prepare a response to allegations as at any other time of year.
Managing staff and keeping in touch with staff over a quieter holiday period can be a challenge. If you need assistance reviewing and managing staff behaviour in your workplace, WISE Workplace provides expert external investigation services to meet your needs.
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Managing Risks in Workplace Investigations
Rules of Evidence in Workplace Investigations
Responding to Bad Behaviour at the Christmas Party
Dealing with Pornography in the Workplace
Audio Recording or Written Statements?
When a Pre-Determined View Leads to an Unfair Investigation
The Implication of Delays in Workplace Investigations
How to Prevent Sexual Harassment in the Workplace
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Welcome to our The Doors Canvas Art category our company have been working hard to create for you, what we believe is the highest quality variety of The Doors Canvas Art. Our intention is to offer one of the most versatile and in-depth variety of Canvas Art we could put together. Making it simple to find high quality unique Canvas Prints for your wall space. Check out our best seller The Doors and The Doors America.We've looked all over to locate the best quality materials to. Our team of very skilled experienced staff are dedicated to producing only the best quality premium The Doors Canvas Prints. Customer full satisfaction is our highest priority. Our Canvas Art are suitable for any kind of room in your family home.


Active harmonic filters can effectively cancel harmonic distortions from the network. This blog post will explain the key criteria that should be kept in mind when buying an active harmonic filter.
Most modern AHFs are built on 3-level NPC inverter topology which brings several benefits compared to AHFs built on the conventional 2-level topology. In 3-level topology, the switching frequency and voltage stress are distributed among the IGBTs. Reduced stress extends the lifetime of the power electronics. Higher efficiency, lower losses and lower noise levels are also achieved. These make the overall cost of ownership much lower.
Depending on design and topology, AHFs can have higher or lower losses. Checking the losses is important as they will reduce the life cycle cost of the investment. Usually AHFs have about 2-3% losses (depending on rated power). AHFs built on 3-level NPC inverter topology have lower losses than 2-level ones. Depending on the user profile, reduced losses create a potential for considerable financial savings if the LCC is calculated over a period of few years.
Some power quality phenomena occur extremely fast, requiring the mitigation to be even faster. If the process is affected by fast voltage fluctuations or transients, it is very important to evaluate the AHF's overall response time.
Interharmonics are usually caused by synchronization issues. If the installation includes interharmonic sources, the manufacturer should be consulted as not all AHFs can deal with this. It is a common issue with cycloconverters or some types of older wind turbine generators.
Harmonics can be seen in the odd and even orders. Common capacity for AHFs is 25th or 50th harmonic order. Sometimes there is a claim of being able to mitigate the 51st harmonic, which has little value as harmonic orders of 51st and above do not appear in electric power systems. An important issue is that the AHF can offer the possibility of selecting which harmonic order to compensate. For some devices, it is possible to select the whole harmonic spectrum (1st to 50th, odd and even), but for some others only few harmonic orders can be selected. Depending on the application, the capacity to compensate a certain harmonic order is a critical issue affecting the performance of the whole system.
In some countries there are strict guidelines regarding the EMC. To be sure that the AHF is not causing interference it must be fitted with a properly designed EMC filter.
The rating of an AHF is usually defined at nominal load (at 50/60Hz). As the AHF works further up the harmonics, its capacity compared to nominal starts to derate. For example, a derating of 50% at the 13th harmonic order means that a 100A AHF has only the capability to compensate 50A at the 13th harmonic order.
Derating is a matter of how robustly the AHF is designed. This capability is more dependent on the change rate of the current than just the frequency and magnitude of the current (all different frequencies, their magnitude and phase have an effect). Because of this, a derating curve cannot show the capability of the AHF. The only way to verify the real compensating capability of a device is to check its di/dt capacity. This compensating capability is clearly better in 3-level NPC inverter topology AHFs compared to 2-level topology devices.
Most suppliers offer several installation alternatives: Cubicle type, wall mount or loose modules that can be locally installed inside new or existing cubicles. A modular AHF design allows customers to adapt to potential changes in future harmonic filtering and reactive power compensation needs. Modular design means that it is possible to add easily to the AHF's capacity within the existing configuration, saving both costs and space.
AHFs are offered in a range of voltages, most common is 200V up to 690V. Some manufacturers can produce AHFs for higher voltages, up to 1000V, without step-up transformer, reducing costs and footprint. It is possible to connect AHFs to high voltage (over 1kV) systems using a suitable step-up transformer. Step-up (or step-down) transformers can reduce compensation performance due to increased impedance between the AHF and network.
There are different HMI setups for AHFs. Some have a very simple front HMI while others include graphs showing the current and voltage waveforms and many further functions in different languages. A great added value is to have at least a web-based interface allowing in-depth monitoring and control functionality.
Commissioning and service of AHFs without proper tools can be time consuming. Some suppliers provide software for this. Minimum required functionality should be that the system performs a self-check of voltage and CT phase order, CT polarity check, self-diagnosis and self-calibration. Such features will find installation errors before they can cause problems and will shorten the commissioning time. If the AHF does not have this type of software the commissioning becomes more complex and might require external support adding to the system costs.
Some AHFs have a built-in power quality analyser to calculate the required compensation. Some suppliers enable the user to connect all AHFs on site through a web-based architecture. An operator can then have an overview of the status of all connected AHFs and log them. This enables the possibility to log events that could have caused production disturbances, monitor individual AHFs, and remote monitoring and analysis capability.
Very often AHFs are installed at sites together with existing or new contactor or thyristor switched detuned capacitor banks. Some suppliers offer the possibility to control the steps of these banks directly from the AHF's control system through dedicated digital outputs in the AHF. By doing this it is possible to use the comprehensive power quality monitoring and reporting features of AHFs to accurately monitor all the parameters of the installation and control the total power quality improvement needs. This brings an optimal system integration, efficient operation, cost savings on the control system, and the possibility to build hybrid var compensators (HVC).
Typically, active harmonic filters are installed to cancel harmonics distortions created by AC and DC drives or UPS systems. However, use of LED lighting as well as other single-phase loads in the buildings also produces tripplen harmonics which accumulate in the neutral wire and should also be mitigated. Therefore, active harmonic filter should be easily configurable to 3W or 4W applications.


text:
FROM debian:jessie

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y wget unzip iptables iproute net-tools sudo
RUN mkdir -p /opt/muxy/bin

WORKDIR /opt/muxy

# RUN wget https://github.com/mefellows/muxy/releases/download/v0.0.3/linux_amd64.zip?20170505 -O muxy.zip
RUN wget https://github.com/mefellows/muxy/releases/download/v0.0.4/linux_amd64.zip?20170505 -O muxy.zip
RUN unzip muxy.zip
RUN mv muxy /opt/muxy/bin/
RUN rm *.zip

ENV PATH /opt/muxy/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin

VOLUME ["/opt/muxy/conf"]

CMD ["muxy", "proxy", "--config", "/opt/muxy/conf/config.yml"]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Canopeo app is used to determine the quantity of canopy cover for live vegetation of any crop. This is done when the app user takes a photograph that is downward-facing of the vegetation. The app will assist in tracking the plants progress, which can lead to better decision making. It can also determine how much crop destruction occurred from unfavorable weather conditions. Each image is tagged and labelled so you are aware of exactly when and where the image was captured. This app is free to download and is available to Android and IOS operating systems.