text:
Entertainment Bollywood 22 Aug 2019 Salman Khan to find ...
Salman Khan to find out person who leaks information about 'Dabangg 3'; deets inside
Published Aug 22, 2019, 4:21 pm IST
Updated Aug 22, 2019, 4:24 pm IST
Salman Khan has also asked that the number of security staff be increased on the set for the security purpose.
Salman Khan's latest still from 'Dabangg 3'. (Photo: Twitter)
Mumbai: Ever since Salman Khan has announced 'Dabangg 3', it has created an uproar across the nation as his fans can't keep calm to watch their favourite cop on screen.
Salman Khan feels that there is someone from the production team who giving out vital information related to 'Dabangg 3' and due to its increasing consistency, Salman Khan has taken strict action and called out for the team meeting where he has given strict orders to the team to figure out who from the team is leaking all these confidential information about the film.
Dabangg 3 has two parallel tracks, one in the present day and the other, tracing the younger days of Salman's character Chulbul Pandey. It was a big blow for Salman Khan when his young avatar from the film made its way into the public domain. Things turned worse last week after he shot for a song with Sonakshi Sinha in Jaipur where pictures from the shoot immediately appeared online, in no time. That's when the actor called for a meeting with the production, creative and marketing teams and expressed his displeasure.
Not only that but Salman Khan has also asked all the crew members to be strict on the sets so that the outdoor shoot pictures would not get leaked. The whole crew has been informed that Smartphones would not be used on the sets of Dabangg 3. Salman Khan has also asked that the number of security staff be increased on the set for the security purpose.
Tags: salman khan, dabangg 3, dabangg franchise, sonakshi sinha, dabangg 3 information, arbaaz khan
■Hindi, Telugu, Tamil, Kannada; 'Dabangg 3' to release on this date in 4 languages
■Salman meets real Sultan of Rajasthan while shooting for Dabangg 3, video goes viral
■Salman Khan to romance Mahesh Manjrekar's daughter in cop-drama 'Dabangg 3'
■Pooja Batra secretly get married to 'Dabangg 3' actor Nawab Shah? see pics
Sonam Kapoor says she is shaken after scary experience in London Uber; read tweet
'Chhapaak' is one of most important films of our time: Janhvi Kapoor
Sonia, Rahul are unaware of Savarkar, don't have right to comment: Vikram Gokhale
It eventually took me close to 11 years to write 'Shikara': Vidhu Vinod Chopra
Kangana Ranaut launches her production company; see photo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The coffee served at 10:15 a.m. during Coffee Connections is called Bruton Blend and is specially roasted and produced for us by Aromas. If you would like to help with Coffee Connections on Sunday, please contact Christine Britton, Parish Life Coordinator, at 757-229-2891) or send her an email at coffee@brutonparish.org. Follow the Coffee Connection Guidelines for providing the coffee and snacks. For coupons to buy coffee at Aromas to benefit Bruton, see the article below!


It's not easy, and it can take a great deal of commitment and discipline, but it's possible to make time an ally of your business, not an enemy. Here are a few time management and productivity tips to help you join forces with time and become more productive.
Scheduling Make a realistic estimate of how much you can do Plan to make the best use of the available time Preserve some contingency time to deal with 'unexpected jobs' Minimize stress by avoiding over- commitment by yourself and others.


Provider of sale and rental services for isolation and hydro test blinds. The company's unique racking system is used to deliver and store blinds on site, catering the U.S. oil refinery industry.
This information is reserved for PitchBook Platform users. To explore Industrial Blinds Solutions's full profile, request access.


text:
Nudity Debate Brewing on Facebook
San Francisco, CA-- When is a photograph of nude bodies artistic or titillating? A
In the 21st century, does Facebook?
The social media behemoth is in a well-publicized struggle to address hate speech, extremism, abuse and misinformation on its services - which together serve nearly 3 billion people worldwide.
At the same time, it's been retooling its policies on nudity. It's tweaking its original heavy-handed policies to account for modern nuances around gender identity, political speech and self-expression, employing thousands of people and quickly evolving artificial intelligence for the task.
But some of its users - including activists, sex therapists, abuse survivors, artists and sex educators - say policies at Facebook and its Instagram service are still too vague and unevenly enforced. They say their work is being unfairly censored, condemning them to "Facebook jail" with no warning and little, if any recourse.
And it's no small matter for them. Artists can be suddenly left without their audience, businesses without access to their customers and vulnerable people without a support network. And it means that a company in Silicon Valley, whose online platforms have become not only our town squares but diaries, magazines, art galleries and protest platforms, gets final say on matters of free speech and self-expression. It's deciding what "community standards" should be for billions of people around the world.
"Instagram really is the magazine of the world right now. And if artists are being censored on Instagram it's really dangerous for freedom of speech and openness when it comes to the body and art," said Spencer Tunick, a photographer known internationally for his shoots assembling masses of nude people.
Tunick says that more recently he's found his work "shadow-banned" by Instagram, which has become a crucial tool for artists to showcase their work. His post weren't removed but aren't readily visible to users.
Of course, there's near-universal agreement that child exploitation and nonconsensual images don't belong on social networks. Pornography probably doesn't either.
Facebook's monitoring systems do a better job with nudity than with hate speech, extremism and misinformation. After all, a butt is a butt and a nipple is a nipple. But deciding when a nipple is art, porn or protest gets murky even when humans are doing the deciding. Teaching AI software about human sexual desire is a whole other ballgame.
From its start as a college photo directory and social network, Facebook banned nudity. Over the years, as Facebook's audience grew bigger and more diverse, the ban loosened. The company instituted exceptions for breastfeeding women, for images of post-mastectomy scars. Birthing videos are now allowed, as are photos of post-gender reassignment surgery.
"We had this policy that said no genitals on the platform," said Kim Malfacini, the Facebook product policy manager who oversees how the company's community standards are developed. "Until two years ago there were no exceptions to that."
But the reviewers began seeing photos and videos women shared about their childbirth, she said. Based on the letter of the policy, those had to be removed. Malfacini said she joined Facebook around this time and began speaking with midwives, doulas, birthing photographers and others to carve out an exception for images of childbirth even though they show genitalia. Now, the images come with a warning screen; users can click through to see them.
Most of the photos of unclothed children on Facebook are posted innocently by parents sharing vacation photos on the beach or kids in a bath. Sometimes these parents get a warning. Malfacini sometimes speaks to them.
Survey: Kids' appetite for online video doubles in 4 years
Lawmakers say social media app TikTok could threaten national security
Instagram kills Following tab, called a 'stalking' feature
Twitter says it mistakenly shared users' phone numbers for advertising


Talent Factory is a full service fashion and talent management company. We have been providing solutions to some high decibel brands in accentuating their rightful brand presence and achieving their communication goals with fashion campaigns and enterprising fashion intellectual properties.
With a team of fashion experts from around the country, Talent Factory has been instrumental in nurturing many aspiring models who are on their road to stardom. The celebrity management wing provides solutions to select theright star who matches the ethos of your establishment. Talent Factory continues to be at the fore front of fashion by establishing careers of our talent on a holistic level and setting trends within the industry. Currently, Talent Factory operates offices in New Delhi, Mumbai, Lucknow alongside atrusted network of associate agencies around the world.
What started as a talent and celebrity management company soon became one of the leaders in Fashion, Lifestyle & Entertainment Industry. Talent Factory provides the complete set of services right from conceptualisation of brand communication strategy - helping fashion & lifestyle companies both in premium & luxury segment with innovative marketing solutions, planning and execution of large & small-scale events.
© 2017 Team Talent Factory. All Rights Reserved.


The Vatican City is home to the Roman Catholic Church headquarters. There you will find the central government for the Church, the Bishop of Rome, otherwise known as the Pope and the College of Cardinals.
Every year millions upon millions of people travel to the Vatican City, primarily to see the Pope but also to worship in St Peter's basilica and to view the wonders that are stored in the Vatican Museums.
Technically speaking, the Vatican City is a country, an independent city-state and is the smallest in the whole world. The Vatican City's political body is governed by the Pope but, and not everyone knows this, it is many, many years younger than the Church.
As a political body, the Vatican City has been classed as a Sovereign State since 1929, when a treaty was signed between the Kingdom of Italy and the Catholic Church. That treaty was the end result of more than 3 years of negotiations on how certain relations should be handled between them, namely political, financial and religious.
Although the negotiations took 3 years, the dispute actually began back in 1870 and neither the Pope nor his cabinet would agree to leave the Vatican City until the dispute was resolved. That happened in 1929 with the Lateran Treaty.
This was the defining point for the Vatican as it was this treaty that determined the City as a completely new entity. It was this treaty that split the Vatican City from the rest of the Papal States that were, in essence, most of the Kingdom of Italy from 765 through to 1870. Much of the territory was brought into The Kingdom of Italy in 1860 with Rome and Lazio not capitulating until 1870.
The roots of the Vatican City go back much further though. Indeed, we can trace them back as far as the 1st Centruy AD when the Catholic Church was first established. Between the 9th and 10th Centuries right on through to the Renaissance period, the Catholic Church was at the top of its power, politically speaking. The Popes gradually took on more and more governing power eventually heading up all of the regions that surrounded Rome.
The Papal States were responsible of the government of Central Italy until the unification of Italy, almost a thousand years of rule. For a great deal of this time, following their return to the City in 1377 after an exile to France that lasted 58 years, the reigning Popes would reside in one of a number of palaces in Rome. When the time cane for Italy to unify the popes refused to recognize that the Italian King had a right to rule and they refused to leave the Vatican. This ended in 1929.
Much of what people see in the Vatican City, the paintings, sculpture and architecture, was created during those Golden years. Now revered artists, people such as Raphael, Sandro Botticelli and Michelangelo made the journey to the Vatican City to pronounce their faith and their dedication to the Catholic Church. This faith can be seen in the Sistine Chapel and St Peter's basilica.
Today, the Vatican City remains a religious and historical landmark, as important now as it was then. It receives millions of visitors from all around the world, visitors who come to see the beauty of the City, to take in its history and the culture and to express their belief in the Catholic Church.
The influence and the power of the Vatican City were not left in the past though. It is the center, the heart of the Catholic Church and, as such, because Catholicism is still one of the single largest religions in the entire world, it remains as a highly influential and visible presence in the world today.
In between the priceless art houses in the Museums, the beautiful architecture that is St Peters Basilica and the religious significance of the Pope, the Vatican City has become one of the most popular destinations in the world for travelers. It is the embodiment of some of the more significant parts of both Western and Italian history, opening a window onto the past, a past that lives on today.
Religion has played a big role in shaping history through out the centuries.
I didn't even know catholicism was a full religion on its own. How astounding the knowledge is. If only I can have a miniscule time in the archives of the Vatican. Dream come true.
It's a blessed state. It's not really acommon luck for any state to be under the pope's government!
we are leading big print media group (Dainik Bhasksar )of india . i required ground report for Christmas celebration of Vatican city for news publishing in india kindly share some inputs asap .


This is a new Rolex Submariner Series Fake Watches UK Champagne Serti diamond replica watch that one of my dad's friends got a little time ago. Seems that the family of fake watches collectors is slightly growing. This model is a pretty well known classic among the fake Rolex Submariners and to my eye looks like it'll best fit someone over 40. The two-tone stainless steel and yellow gold plating are always a good combination for a better looking Rolex replica simply because it brings out the Rolex looks so much better.
Blue dial Rolex replica watches UK.
Dial looks really good. Diamonds Dial Rolex Replica Watches are the right shape and size, markers have the right color, and hands have a good shine. Rolex engravings inside the dial are also present and the date magnifier seems right too but this is always a very sensitive topic. The bezel has a proper color and it's well cloned. Crown bares the Rolex logo and the case shape also blends right in.
Champagne dial is not too dark and not too light either so overall I'm pleased with the looks of this piece. Two-tone brushed and polished yellow gold plating and stainless steel bracelet is good quality. Does not rattle much and has screws for easy link removal just like on the original. A small Stainless Steel Strap Copy Rolex Watches screwdriver will save you the trip and cost of the local jeweler. Back case has the green hologram sticker and Rolex serial number. Japanese automatic movement is precise.
Rolex submariner series copy watches.
I turned it on all sides when I took the photos and everything is in place. Watch is solid and has a good position on the wrist. My father's friend totally loves it and it's his everyday watch. So far I had no complaints since we all ordered a bunch again that I'm using to review on the blog. Check out the photos and give me your thoughts on it.
It's a shiny all polished Best Fake Rolex Stainless Steel Watches diamond bezel fake Datejust that simply shines from all angles. That was the whole discussion around this model and that's the reason my friend got it… for the shine! Yeah, he's more into the bling than the rest of us and I'm glad he brought this one up so I can expand my views and feels on the shiny side of replica Rolex watches. Overall this model is pretty popular in the replica watches as on the original side I could not find an exact corespondent of it.
Rolex stainless steel strap replica watches.
God knows Replica Rolex Watches UK have so many different and sometimes small edition watches that there might be one out there after all. So far I see a diamond bezel (imitation stones) Datejust with imitation stones markers, a clean black dial with good markings and well placed Rolex logo finished with a wider Rolex Lady PearlMaster bracelet that's also fully polished. Many enough? Well, I'll have to agree with my friend here and admit that it looks great on the hand. Powered by a Japanese automatic movement this replica Datejust is reliable and keeps good time.
Life span will stretch over a few years if you take proper care of it so overall it's a good buy. Getting away with it? Well this gets a bit tricky. Watch looks good and the bracelet stands out so those might be a red flag for a watch passionate but for everyone else it looks like a nice and unique shiny Diamond Dial Rolex Copy Watches that might be worth way more than the average more popular models. That's the theory behind my friends buy and I think it sounds more than reasonable so as long as you have the right style an attitude with it you'll be just fine.
It's time for this Rolex Sky-Dweller Replica Watches UK photo review. I didn't want to keep you guys waiting too long for this one because I know that the new Rolex replica watches models are always of high interest from the second day Rolex launches them. Well, patience is key in this case and even if I know that patience is a hard virtue here trust me it's for your own good.
Fully yellow gold plated Sky-Dweller fake watch. The Yellow Gold dial Rolex Fake Watches are really well cloned and all the elements are in place. Well cloned markers, markings, numbers hands and the 24 hour dual time zone display is done right. Scratch-proof crystal is placed properly on the case and the bezel is well cut. Fully polished case matches the original. Simple medium size crown has the Rolex logo and the back case has the Rolex green serial number and hologram sticker. Bracelet is two-tone brushed and polished yellow gold plating as well.
Powered by a Japanese automatic movement it keeps time well and precise. Hopefully the later Cheap Fake Swiss Rolex Watches movement versions of this model will have a fully functional 24 hour dual time zone display because on this Japanese movement this feature is just for show. I'm sure that the popularity of this model will increase in time and that the Sky Dweller will become on of Rolex' classics because it has the classic Rolex looks already and just a slight touch of innovation which is always welcomed from the most popular luxury watches brand in the world.
Swiss brands, in my opinion is divided into two kinds, one kind of name brand, called a watch factory."Brand" is relatively simple, no more than is to design, to OEM, then advertising, and finally do market, the products are sold, this type of brand for the most part of the Swiss, Best Fake Rolex Watches UK strictly speaking they are not called "factory", can only be called brand.The remaining, is own manufacturing capacity, especially professional machine core manufacturing capability, I think this brand can be called "factory".
Have manufacturing capabilities in all watch factory, I think rolex is an unusual manufacturers.Actually, Copy Rolex Stainless Steel Watches are the earliest cooperation with others, look for a person to do OEM, in contract, many years later, the contract becomes a rolex own industry, or its own factories, and other brand is completely different, it in Switzerland, is a classic case.
Seriously, the Swiss have their own real uninterrupted producing and the history of the movement, is definitely a handful, to take the simplest case, we take one and rolex production and status in terms of the same brand, Rolex Oyster Perpetual Replica Watches fundamental movement stopped many, many years, almost from the 70 s has been stopped by 2000.
For the second month in a row, Fake Rolex Women's Watches UK were the best-selling lots in The Watches Auction. The usual pattern is for men's watches to sell better than women's, so it is encouraging to see that the market is broadening in this respect.
Lots 885 (a lady's bi-colour Rolex Oyster Perpetual Replica Watches) was this month's best seller, reaching the impressive hammer price of £2000. There was excellent bidding in the room and on the telephone with a busy week of viewing translating into bids.
The surprise hit of the sale was lot 887 (a gentleman's rolled gold Art Deco watch from Rolex Diamond Watches) which soared way above its estimate of £200-£300 to sell at £650. It seems that the top names, with their history of excellence, continue to attract the bids.


Most websites utilize the PHP date and time features only to display the current date, often just to make the website appear constantly up-to-date. Fortunately, though, the date and time features in PHP can be used to much greater effect, and this chapter details many of the possible uses for these handy tools.
Most of the time, the date and time functionalities of PHP 5 are used for printing out the current date and time—to pretend that the web page is up to date (you would be surprised how many larger websites actually use this). But apart from that, working with date and time in PHP offers many other possibilities, most of which you will find in this chapter.
First, though, it seems appropriate to have a look at the PHP function that is probably used the most for working with dates—date(). This function can take the current date (or an arbitrary one) and extract some information about it, for example, the day, whether it's a.m. or p.m., and what time it is according to the rather failed marketing stunt, "Swatch Internet Time." To do so, you call date() and provide a string as the first parameter. This string may now contain a list of formatting symbols that can be seen in Table 3.1 (the PHP manual carries a list with more examples at http://php.net/date). Each of these symbols is replaced by the associated date/time value.
Almost all of the formatting symbols shown in Table 3.1 are available since PHP 3. There are only two exceptions: Using W for determining the week number of a date was added in PHP 4.1.0, and using c for retrieving the ISO 8601 representation for a date (for example, 2006-06-30T12:34:56+01:00) came in PHP 5.
The function date() is very powerful and offers a broad range of ways to use it. However, especially if you have localized content, you need some good phrases. In this chapter, you will find many of them.
PHP's date and time functions have their own section in the PHP manual. You can find more information about date() and friends at http://php.net/datetime.
The behavior of date() is the following: All characters within the first parameter that bear a special meaning (for example, formatting symbols) get replaced by the appropriate values. All other characters, however, remain unchanged. If a character is escaped using the backslash character (\), it is returned verbatim. So, the code at the beginning of this phrase shows a new version of the code that only uses one call to date().
If you are using double quotes instead of single quotes, you might get into trouble when escaping certain characters within date(). In the previous example, escaping the n would be done with \n, which (within double quotes) gets replaced by the newline character.


Abstract: We present a gauge--theoretical derivation of the notion of time, suitable to describe the Hamiltonian time evolution of gravitational systems. It is based on a nonlinear coset realization of the Poincaré group, implying the time component of the coframe to be invariant, and thus to represent a metric time. The unitary gauge fixing of the boosts gives rise to the foliation of spacetime along the time direction. The three supressed degrees of freedom correspond to Goldstone--like fields, whereas the remaining time component is a Higgs--like boson.


FOSTER CITY, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Gilead Sciences, Inc. (Nasdaq: GILD) announced today that Norbert Bischofberger, PhD, has decided to step down from his role as Executive Vice President, Research and Development and Chief Scientific Officer, effective at the end of April 2018. He will remain with the company through July. John McHutchison, MD, currently Executive Vice President, Clinical Research, will be appointed Chief Scientific Officer and assume responsibility for the company's research and development organization. Also effective in April, Andrew Cheng, MD, PhD, Executive Vice President, Clinical Research & Development Operations, will be appointed Chief Medical Officer. Both Dr. McHutchison and Dr. Cheng will report to John Milligan, PhD, Gilead's President and Chief Executive Officer.
Dr. Bischofberger joined Gilead in 1990 and has served as Executive Vice President since 2000 and Chief Scientific Officer since 2007. In nearly 30 years with the company, Dr. Bischofberger has overseen the development of more than 25 compounds that are available today for a range of serious medical conditions.
Dr. McHutchison joined Gilead in 2010 as Senior Vice President, Liver Disease Therapeutics and was named Executive Vice President, Clinical Research in 2014. Under his leadership, Gilead has developed five medications for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C that have been used by nearly 2 million people around the world.
Prior to joining Gilead, Dr. McHutchison worked at Duke University Medical Center, where he served as Associate Director of the Duke Clinical Research Institute. He also held the positions of Professor of Medicine in the Division of Gastroenterology at Duke University Medical Center and Co-Director of the Duke Clinical and Translational Science Award. Prior to his positions at Duke, Dr. McHutchison spent nearly 10 years at Scripps Clinic, most recently as Medical Director, Liver Transplantation. He also previously held an Assistant Professorship in Medicine at the University of Southern California. Dr. McHutchison received bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery degrees from the University of Melbourne, Australia, and completed his residency in internal medicine and a fellowship in gastroenterology at the Royal Melbourne Hospital. He is also a member of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians.
Dr. Cheng joined Gilead in 1999 to lead company's development-stage programs in HIV/AIDS. He received additional responsibility for the company's Development Operations organization in 2009 and was named Executive Vice President in 2015. Under Dr. Cheng's leadership, Gilead has developed and received regulatory approval for medicines that have transformed care for millions of people around the world with HIV, viral hepatitis and other serious illnesses.
In his new role as Chief Medical Officer, Dr. Cheng will retain leadership of the company's HIV clinical research program and will assume responsibility for Gilead's Medical Affairs organization.
Prior to joining Gilead, Dr. Cheng trained in internal medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles. He received his medical degree and PhD in Cellular and Molecular Biology from Columbia University and his undergraduate degree from the Johns Hopkins University.
This press release includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors. These risks, uncertainties and other factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those referred to in the forward-looking statements. The reader is cautioned not to rely on these forward-looking statements. These and other risks are described in detail in Gilead's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. All forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to Gilead, and Gilead assumes no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements.


First of all, I want to thank everyone for the wonderful comments that have been left particularly on my last post. Every comment means so much to me. I am a very lucky person to have gained such warmth and friendship from so many people who take the time and trouble to read my posts and as an added bonus leave a comment. Which leads me onto tell you about the lovely items that have come my way.
Today my Mom and I met for my lunch break and she brought along with her items of beauty, she had managed to buy for me, on her travels. All of this for £7.50.
Plastic buttons but just look at the silk fabric they are attached to, pity there is only this snippet, but I am not complaining! The cotton underneath is a great big pillow, just lovely for all sorts of projects.
Buttons....I think you know how I feel about these. So glad you understand, some folks would think me a little strange ;-) Seven of the most beautiful doilies ~ I not sure but I think they are Belgium Lace, there are birds all around each one. How do you type the Homer Simpson Doughnut awrghhh?
Then this little treasure box...... This is the contents..............awwwwrghhhhh again.
A Cindy/Barbie dress making pattern, is'nt it just lovely?....thrilled to bits with this.
and these...the brooch was a found piece in a woodland, horn and mother of pearl belt buttons. And a great big ancient white bedspread!
And today...because, at work, I had given a student some fabric, she bought me these lovely envelopes...all from the 50's. They were taken from a life time's correspondence of a Miss Brockwell, all sold to my student friend in a box, at a car boot sale for a £1...so sad.
My Mom also gave me a hand written note saying ...."If you love something so much that you can't bear to ignore it, that's a pretty good sign that it's what you should be doing".
I have found myself a little overwhelmed tonight. I have been in receipt of such wonderful things and I just feel total frustration at not having the time to spend on my craft. I work virtually full time but term time only. Having to go to work like so many other millions of women is what I have to do and I am lucky to have a good job but I feel as though my hands are tied behind my back. My poor husband copped for it this evening when I got home and I poured (or should I say moaned, ranted, cried, pathetic) it all out to him. He understands my frustration but needs must. We have two teenage girls and with the ever increasing cost of living, there is no way I can afford to jack the job in and become self employed again. I know that I am a very fortunate woman to have all I possess and I am sorry for the self absorbed woe is me tale ..... but I just felt the need to express my frustration at having lots of ideas, inspirations and a strong desire to make but very little time to fulfill these dreams. Still there is always half term to look forward to.
I wanted to tell you about my business that I ran, self employed, for nearly five years, named Hen's Teeth Handmade Greetings Cards.
(Please excuse quality of photos, all the pictures are of greetings cards, in my portfolio and they are all in cello bags, which reflect the light, sorry)!
My business started when I finished my HND in Illustration. My final major project was self directed and basically I came up with some simple drawings worked in mono print. I thought they made good greetings cards, so I took them to my local Gallery and they sold quite well.
Monoprints are enjoyable to do but not for every card. So I came up with a brain wave....... mono print the original and then photocopy onto coloured paper, then cut to size, then hand colour, then glitter, then mount onto blank greetings cards, then bag up. Yes, I know, I can see it now but not then, (far too labour intensive) but I was too carried away with the buzz of it all!
Simple illustrations, all hand coloured, every bloody one of them.
The long legged chicken was my logo. . The one year I produced over 50,000 handmade greetings cards!
The following design is one taken from my range that sold incredibly well. This range had many designs, all under the name of 'Happy to have 100 of ........'. Such as 'Happy to have 100 pairs of knickers', 'Happy to have 100 handbags', 'Happy to have 100 pairs of shoes'. (Hens Teeth(c)2008) We all have a weak spot and I had a card for it!
Everyone was roped into hand colouring, even my husband, who 'colours in' beautifully, not going over of the lines at all!
Unfortunately, a line of designs have a limited period of time, a shop will order maybe once, twice but not three times lady! Whilst you are fulfilling orders you should be working on the next range, which I found very difficult, as I worked every hour god sent to fulfill orders which, naturally, saped by creativity.
I think this range was my favourite.
Although I say it myself, I do love this snail's face.
I am very proud to say that I had sales with Liberty and Selfridges.
With a various ranges in between, I went back to the 'Happy to have 100 of...' range because that was what I was best known for and I reworked the designs, as you can see below.
It all ended sadly, just under three years ago........cash flow!!! My costs were all up front and immediate i.e. materials, labour, carriage and you would hope for a quick payment but no, the length of time that I received my payment started to get longer and longer. Retailers hanging onto their money for as long as possible, nine months in some cases. Not being able to receive payment quickly enough and being permantly exhausted, meant that I finally had to admit defeat and I closed it all down.
I am so glad that I had that business though, it was a steep learning curve and I made lots of stupid mistakes, which make me cringe now but it's all in life's rich pattern! I'm on a different path now and creatively speaking, I have never been happier!
I am so pleased to be a member of the Shopping List Saturday. I thoroughly enjoy searching for my list and looking at the other member's chosen items. Goodness me ....... so much to choose from.
10. lovekiki ~ Not feeling up to scratch - Get well soon - letterpress card Vintage illustration.
I hope you have enjoyed these beautiful works of art, as much as me.
Please take a look at the other lists on charlottes fancypicnic blog.


text:
Michigan impresses again at Madison Square Garden, tops SMU, 76-54
Walton scored 24, nailing seven three-pointers as U-M shot 55% from the field, stayed in control throughout the game
NEW YORK – Sitting on the Madison Square Garden dais, proudly sporting gray "champions" T-shirts, Michigan's basketball seniors had a new sensation.
For their first three years, an early season tournament ended in success.
Because recently, these events have roughed them up.
In the Bahamas in 2015, Brooklyn in 2014, even Puerto Rico in the 2013, something always went wrong.
This week in Manhattan, the Wolverines weren't going to leave it to chance.
After dominating Marquette on Thursday, they put the beatdown on Southern Methodist on Friday, 76-54, putting on a show in the two-game 2K Classic to take the championship.
"It feels great, we're champions at the Garden," said senior forward Zak Irvin, named the tournament's MVP after his second straight 16-point game. "It's a great feeling for us all. We worked so hard, our coaching staff worked so hard, it's so nice to start the season 4-0 and just keep the ball rolling."
This early in the season, there's hesitation in these tournaments, not knowing the opposition and what they'll bring.
But Michigan knew SMU too well, having lost decisively to the Mustangs each of the past two years in their home-and-home series, including by 24 in Dallas last year.
That was at the front of their minds in the 20-hour turnaround from Thursday's late-night win.
"Especially that last loss we had against them, we basically got punked," Irvin said. "And we weren't going to let that happen this game. We came out with a chip on our shoulder. Derrick (Walton Jr.) on the offensive end but collectively on the defensive end."
A game after going scoreless, Walton attacked the Mustangs (3-1) early, dropping three three-pointers in the first four minutes. From there he kept hunting shots, as coach John Beilein likes to say, and his teammates were tossing him head nods to keep firing.
By the time he left the game with 3 1/2 minutes left, he had buried SMU by himself with 23 points, including a career-high seven three-pointers.
"Coach B's been giving me the green light to not worry about the missed shots, I miss a couple, I kind of shake it off," Walton said. "My guys have confidence in me as well so that does wonders for my confidence."
When it comes that easy, you keep firing.
"I feel like I let my teammates down by picking up two cheap fouls (on Thursday), thankfully they did a great job without me," he said. "Today, I just wanted to be really aggressive."
It helped that the Wolverines were eager to move the ball, with 12 assists on 16 made baskets in the first half. A 50-foot bounce pass from Walton to a streaking D.J. Wilson. Later the extra pass all the way around the horn from shooter Duncan Robinson to the hotter Walton. It was always a little more.
Even the few baskets that weren't assisted were putbacks at the rim as U-M built its 44-25 lead, effectively ending its second straight game before halftime.
Walton was able to make up for his first-game struggles with his offense, but the difference in this team these two games is at the other end.
Before the season, Beilein and the players preached the defense would be different, that the influence of new assistant coach Billy Donlon would be apparent.
On Friday, holding SMU 54 points, nearly 26 below its early-season average, and 38% from the field, well below its usual 48% shooting, were statements.
It's a balanced sheet with contributions from everywhere. While Walton and Irvin were joined on the all-tournament team by Abdur-Rahkman, Walton and Irvin's classmate Donnal probably deserved a spot as well.
He was the catalyst in the first half of both games off the bench, pushing the Wolverines to soul-crushing leads each time.
SMU tried to push back on Friday, coming out with a second-half trap and hitting a few three-pointers to cut the deficit. But like Marquette the night before, there was no panic with the Wolverines.
The last time Michigan won a preseason tournament at Madison Square Garden in 2012, the Wolverines got rolling, rising to No. 1 and ending up in the national title game.
That team had expectations though, coming off a Big Ten title.
None of those are here so far. But if this keeps up, they may be coming.
"It's too early in the season to even think about things like that," Beilein said.
Maybe for him. But two games like this in New York will put them on the radar.
Contact Mark Snyder at msnyder@freepress.com. Follow him on Twitter at @mark__snyder. Download our Wolverines Xtra app on iTunes and Android!


In this episode, Bill shows you why entrepreneurs need to think about investing differently than most people.
Investing: The difference between your "freedom bucket" and your "multiplier bucket" | Ep. #7Bill Hammer, Jr.
Hammer Wealth Group is a boutique wealth management firm that serves high net worth entrepreneurs and professionals across the country.
Need an expert financial opinion? Bill Hammer, Jr. has been featured in The Wall Street Journal, CNBC, FOX Business, and other financial publications.
Investment advisory services offered through SCF Investment Advisors Inc. Securities offered through SCF Securities, Inc. • Member FINRA/SIPC• 155 E. Shaw Ave., Fresno, CA 93710 • SCF Securities, Inc. and Hammer Wealth Group are independently owned and operated. Bill is registered to conduct investment advisory services in CT, FL, NJ, NY, VA and WA and securities services in NY. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views and opinions of SCF Securities, Inc. or any SCF-related entity. The information being provided is strictly as a courtesy. When you link to any of the websites provided here, you are leaving this website. We make no representation as to the completeness or accuracy of information provided at these websites. Nor is the company liable for any direct or indirect technical or system issues or any consequences arising out of your access to or your use of third-party technologies, websites, information and programs made available through this website. When you access one of these websites, you are leaving our website and assume total responsibility and risk for your use of the websites you are linking to. No strategy assures success or protects against loss. Investing involves risk, including possible loss of principal. There is no guarantee that a diversified portfolio will enhance overall returns or outperform a non-diversified portfolio. Diversification does not ensure against market risk. This material is for general information only and is not intended to provide specific advice or recommendations for any individual. To determine what is appropriate for you, consult your qualified professional. This information is not intended to be a substitute for specific individualized tax advice. We suggest that you discuss your specific tax issues with a qualified tax advisor.
Check Bill's background on FINRA'S BrokerCheck.


text:
VanEck Vectors ETFs »
Equity ETFs »
HAP - VanEck Vectors Natural Resources ETF
How Is China's Economy Doing? (7:39)
Jan van Eck
Transformation and Innovation in Natural Resources (4:53)
Shawn Reynolds
Related ETFs
VanEck Vectors Agribusiness ETF
VanEck Vectors Gold Miners ETF
GDXJ
VanEck Vectors Junior Gold Miners ETF
OIH
VanEck Vectors Oil Services ETF
VanEck Vectors Natural Resources ETF
Performance/Distributions
VanEck Vectors® Natural Resources ETF (HAP®) seeks to replicate as closely as possible, before fees and expenses, the price and yield performance of VanEck® Natural Resources Index (RVEIT), which is intended to track the overall performance of companies involved in the production and distribution of commodities and commodity- related products and services in the following sectors: Agriculture, Alternatives (Water & Alternative Energy), Base and Industrial Metals, Energy, Forest Products, and Precious Metals.
Fund Ticker
NYSE Arca
ETF Structure
Van Eck Associates
Bank of New York Mellon
Index Ticker
RVEIT
Index Rebalancing
30-Day SEC Yield1
Gross Expense Ratio2
Net Expense Ratio/TER2
Distribution Frequency
Next Distribution Date
HAP Fact Sheet
Index Key Points
Underlying Index: VanEck Natural Resources Index (RVEIT)
The Index comprises:
A global group of companies involved in six natural resources sectors: agriculture, energy, base metals, precious metals, forest products and water/renewable energy sources (solar, wind)
Companies eligible for inclusion in Index:
Principally engaged in natural resources industry, deriving at least 50% of revenues from it (25% in water)
Minimum market capitalization of $500 million
Average daily turnover in excess of $1 million per day
Trade on approved stock exchange as an ordinary, ADR or GDR, and have no material restrictions on foreign investment
Additional tests for revenue, free float, price and exchange listing
Index provider:
S-Network Global Indexes, Inc.
Index Profile
Rebalance Frequency
Index Top 10 Constituents (%) as of 06/30/19 Download All Index Constituents
Total Constituents: 302
to view
Constituent Name
Weightings (%)
Deere & Co
DE US
NTR US
Exxon Mobil Corp
XOM US
Tyson Foods Inc-Cl A
TSN US
Archer-Daniels-Midland Co
ADM US
CVX US
Kubota Corp
6326 JP
Bhp Billiton Ltd
BHP AU
TSCO US
Rio Tinto Plc
RIO LN
Top 10 Total (%) 32.88
These are not recommendations to buy or to sell any security. Securities and holdings may vary.
Index Country Weightings (%) as of 06/30/19
PAPUA N.GUINEA
Index Sector Weightings (%) as of 06/30/19
VanEck only serves professional clients in countries where the funds are registered or where funds can be sold in accordance with local private placement rules.
130-Day SEC Yield is a standard yield calculation developed by the Securities and Exchange Commission that allows for fairer comparisons among funds. It is based on the most recent 30-day period. This yield figure reflects the interest earned during the period after deducting the fund's expenses for the period. It does not reflect the yield an investor would have received if they had held the fund over the last twelve months assuming the most recent NAV. Distributions may vary from time to time.In the absence of temporary expense waivers or reimbursements, the 30-Day SEC Yield for VanEck Vectors Natural Resources ETF would have been 1.98% on 07/15/2019.
2HAP Fees & Expenses: Van Eck Associates Corporation (the "Adviser") has agreed to waive fees and/or pay Fund expenses to the extent necessary to prevent the operating expenses of the Fund (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, interest expense, trading expenses, taxes and extraordinary expenses) from exceeding 0.49% of the Fund's average daily net assets per year until at least May 1, 2020. During such time, the expense limitation is expected to continue until the Fund's Board of Trustees acts to discontinue all or a portion of such expense limitation. TER, or Total Expense Ratio, is also referred to as "Net Expense Ratio".
3Morningstar Ratings : If applicable, when the ETF is rated three stars or more for any given period. ©Morningstar, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The information contained herein: (1) is proprietary to Morningstar; (2) may not be copied or distributed; and (3) is not warranted to be accurate, complete or timely. Neither Morningstar nor its content providers are responsible for any damages or losses arising from any use of this information. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.
4IIV is an abbreviation for the intraday indicative value of an ETF's Shares (and is also known as the Indicative Optimized Portfolio Value or IOPV), and is disseminated every 15 seconds during regular trading hours. The IIV is based on the current market value of the securities and/or cash required to be deposited in exchange for a Creation Unit. The IIV does not necessarily reflect the precise composition of the current portfolio of securities held by the Fund at a particular point in time or the best possible valuation of the current portfolio. Therefore, the IIV should not be viewed as a "real-time" update of the Fund's NAV, which is computed only once a day. The Fund is not involved in, or responsible for, the calculation or dissemination of the IIV and makes no warranty as to its accuracy.
6The S&P 500® Index consists of 500 widely held common stocks covering industrial, utility, financial and transportation sector; as an Index, it is unmanaged and is not a security in which investments can be made.
Prior to May 1, 2014, the Fund's name was Market Vectors RVE Hard Assets Producers ETF.
For each fund with at least a three-year history, Morningstar calculates a Morningstar Rating based on a Morningstar Risk-Adjusted Return measure that accounts for variation in a fund's monthly performance (including the effects of sales charges, loads, and redemption fees), placing more emphasis on downward variations and rewarding consistent performance. The top 10% of funds in each category receive 5 stars, the next 22.5% receive 4 stars, the next 35% receive 3 stars, the next 22.5% receive 2 stars and the bottom 10% receive 1 star. (Each share class is counted as a fraction of one fund within this scale and rated separately, which may cause slight variations in the distribution percentages.) The Overall Morningstar Rating for a fund is derived from a weighted average of the performance figures associated with its three-, five- and ten-year (if applicable) Morningstar Rating metrics.
An investment in the Fund may be subject to risks which include, among others, investing in natural resources companies, European issuers, foreign securities, foreign currency, depositary receipts, basic materials sector, consumer staples sector, energy sector, industrials sector, small- and medium-capitalization companies, cash transactions, equity securities, market, operational, index tracking, authorized participant concentration, no guarantee of active trading market, trading issues, passive management, fund shares trading, premium/discount risk and liquidity of fund shares and concentration risks, all of which may adversely affect the Fund. Foreign investments are subject to risks, which include changes in economic and political conditions, foreign currency fluctuations, changes in foreign regulations, and changes in currency exchange rates which may negatively impact the Fund's return. Small- and medium-capitalization companies may be subject to elevated risks.
The VanEck®Natural Resources Index has been licensed by Van Eck Associates Corporation from S-Network Global Indexes, Inc. for use in connection with VanEck Vectors Natural Resources ETF (HAP). HAP is not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by S-Network Global Indexes, Inc., which makes no representation regarding the advisability of investing in HAP.
Index returns are not Fund returns and do not reflect any management fees or brokerage expenses. Certain indices may take into account withholding taxes. Investors can not invest directly in the Index. Returns for actual Fund investors may differ from what is shown because of differences in timing, the amount invested and fees and expenses. Index returns assume that dividends have been reinvested.
The S&P 500 Index is a product of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC and/or its affiliates and has been licensed for use by Van Eck Associates Corporation. Copyright©2018 S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, a division of S&P Global, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Redistribution or reproduction in whole or in part are prohibited without written permission of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC. For more information on any of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC's indices please visit www.spdji.com. S&P®is a registered trademark of S&P Global and Dow Jones®is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC. Neither S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC, their affiliates nor their third party licensors make any representation or warranty, express or implied, as to the ability of any index to accurately represent the asset class or market sector that it purports to represent and neither S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC, their affiliates nor their third party licensors shall have any liability for any errors, omissions, or interruptions of any index or the data included therein.
The "Net Asset Value" (NAV) of a VanEck Vectors Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) is determined at the close of each business day, and represents the dollar value of one share of the fund; it is calculated by taking the total assets of the fund, subtracting total liabilities, and dividing by the total number of shares outstanding. The NAV is not necessarily the same as the ETF's intraday trading value. VanEck Vectors ETF investors should not expect to buy or sell shares at NAV.
Fund shares are not individually redeemable and will be issued and redeemed at their NAV only through certain authorized broker-dealers in large, specified blocks of shares called "creation units" and otherwise can be bought and sold only through exchange trading. Shares may trade at a premium or discount to their NAV in the secondary market. You will incur brokerage expenses when trading Fund shares in the secondary market. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Returns for actual Fund investments may differ from what is shown because of differences in timing, the amount invested, and fees and expenses.
Investing involves substantial risk and high volatility, including possible loss of principal. An investor should consider the investment objective, risks, charges and expenses of the Fund carefully before investing. To obtain a prospectus and summary prospectus, which contains this and other information, call 800.826.2333 or visit vaneck.com/etfs. Please read the prospectus and summary prospectus carefully before investing.
This content is published in the United States for residents of specified countries. Investors are subject to securities and tax regulations within their applicable jurisdictions that are not addressed on this content. Nothing in this content should be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell shares of any investment in any jurisdiction where the offer or solicitation would be unlawful under the securities laws of such jurisdiction, nor is it intended as investment, tax, financial, or legal advice. Investors should seek such professional advice for their particular situation and jurisdiction.


This article was sponsored by Abbott.
Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) are mechanical pumps that are implanted inside a person's chest to help their weakened heart ventricle pump blood throughout the body. The mechanical device supports the left heart chamber that pumps blood through the body.
Unlike an artificial heart, a LVAD assists the heart instead of replacing it. This is a lifesaving therapy for patients awaiting a heart transplant and is termed "bridge-to-transplant". Patients use the LVAD until a heart becomes available and, in some cases, the LVAD is able to restore the failing heart, eliminating the need for a transplant.
LVADs may also be used as destination therapy, which is an alternative to transplant. Destination therapy is used for long-term support in some terminally ill patients whose condition makes them ineligible for heart transplant.
The Abbott HeartMate 3™ LVAD assists the heart in pumping blood around the body, increasing the oxygenation of organs. The device has Full MagLev™ Flow Technology, which provides better blood handling and reduces complications such as pump thrombosis, stroke and haemolysis. Two-year results from the Momentum 3 trial have shown superior survival free of disabling stroke or reoperation, with the overall rate of stroke being lower with HeartMate 3™ LVAD centrifugal-flow pump group when compared to the axial flow pump group.3 Reoperation for pump malfunction was also 90% less frequent for the HeartMate 3™ centrifugal-flow pump group than in the axial-flow pump group.
Cardiac Rhythm News spoke to consultant cardiologist Steven Shaw (University of Manchester, UK) about what LVAD devices can offer.
LVADs offer support to patients with severe heart failure. How do they work?
To put it simply, LVADs take blood from the left ventricle that has not enough strength anymore and return it to the main artery of the body. This aims to restores an adequate cardiac output for the patient.
Which patients might receive or benefit from an LVAD device?
Patients with advanced heart failure due to severe left ventricular impairment are considered for LVADs. In the UK National Health Service (NHS), we are commissioned to implant them in patients who need a heart transplant but have not got time to wait. They can help to prolong life and restore a better quality of life in these patients. Indeed, it is now common for LVADs to be able to support patients for a time period measured in years.
Who is referring patients for LVAD implantation and when should a patient be referred?
Most patients get referred by their local consultant cardiologist or heart failure specialist nurse. Patients should be referred to an advanced heart failure centre if they remain symptomatic despite best efforts with conventional treatment, or there are signs of poor prognosis such as recurrent hospital admissions, high diuretic requirement, high B-type natriuretic peptide levels, kidney or liver impairment, high pulmonary pressure, etc. We prefer patients to be referred earlier rather than later.
Are there selection criteria to identify which patients are suitable?
Selection is a very complex process that is the responsibility of a transplant multidisciplinary heart failure team. Eligibility is based on whether the patient is regarded a transplant candidate. Suitability is defined by detailed tests which include imaging, a haemodynamic study of the heart (a right heart catheter) and blood tests.
What are the drawbacks of LVAD devices?
The cost is high, which means the selection criteria in the NHS is strict and we cannot therefore implant everyone we could otherwise. There are some important lifestyle limitations. You cannot perform contact sports, you cannot immerse yourself in water (i.e. go swimming) and you must always be connected to power.
The treatment is not without its risks and complications can happen. Some people have survived over a decade on LVAD support which is fantastic but, overall, they are yet to be able to match the long-term outcomes of transplantation.
What is the difference between 'bridge to transplant' and 'destination therapy'?
Bridge to transplant means we are using the LVAD to keep a patient stable until a heart transplant can be done. Destination Therapy means that the LVAD is intended from the outset to be long-term therapy instead of transplant. The NHS does not fund this indication at present but it is funded in most of the other European health care systems.
How does the HeartMate 3TM device differ from other devices and what does the latest clinical evidence teach us?
How should the different specialties work together for the best outcomes in LVAD patients?
In Manchester [UK] we have heavily promoted the importance of a multispecialty approach to managing VAD patients. In our outpatient VAD clinics, we encourage cardiologists, specialist VAD nurses, physiotherapists, dieticians, psychologists, and social workers to all collaborate together in a collective effort to aid the recovery and wellbeing of patients. We think this approach is one of the reasons that our outcomes are well recognised.
Abraham WT, Smith SA. Devices in the management of advanced, chronic heart failure. Nature Reviews Cardiology. 2013;10(2):98-110.
Kirklin, JK; Naftel, DC. "Mechanical circulatory support: registering a therapy in evolution". Circulation: Heart Failure. 1 (3): 200–5.
28191-EM-HM3-0518-0065 | Information contained herein for use outside the U.S. only. Check the regulatory status of the device in areas where CE marking is not the regulation in force.


text:
Q: Force required field on second registration step with devise and on-update callback I have a User model which uses Devise for authentication. My User model has additional attributes like city etc.
On my registration page i only require email and password on user creation. Then i redirect the user to the User edit page to fill up the additional fields.
Validation looks like this:
validates :email, :password, presence: true
validates :city, presence: true, on: :update

So far so good - everything works fine with Rails 5.0.2 - now i upgraded to 5.1.5 and it redirects me straight back to registration page with the message 'city required'.. in the console i can see that the User is created. The thing is - it updates the user on login with last signed in stuff.
It's weird cause it shouldn't work with either of those rails versions.
Is there any better solution to force the user to update some additional fields after registration?
My registrations controller:
class RegistrationsController < Devise::RegistrationsController
  private
  def after_sign_up_path_for(resource)
    edit_user_path
  end
end

A: Your on: update must be within the options for the presence-validation. eg:
validates :city, presence: { on: :update }

However - you could also consider looking into using a form-pattern for each step of your process... which is how a lot of people do multi-stage form validation. Each form represents a stage in the process and has its own set of validations.

A: Figured out some kind of 'hack' to easily get it working:
validates :city, presence: true, unless: lambda { |u| u.last_sign_in_at_was.nil? }

The _was part is crucial.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Die kyrillische Schrift, selten zyrillische Schrift, früher auch neurussische Schrift genannt, ist eine Buchstabenschrift, die in zahlreichen vor allem ost- und südslawischen Sprachen in Europa und Asien verwendet wird. Sie ist nach Kyrill von Saloniki (826–869) benannt, der jedoch nicht die kyrillische, sondern die ihr vorausgehende glagolitische Schrift entworfen hat. Man nennt die kyrillische Schrift auch Kyrilliza (, ćirilica/) oder Asbuka (; transliteriert azbuka), nach den ersten beiden Buchstaben des altkyrillischen Alphabets.

Geschichte

Entstehung

Obwohl anerkannt ist, dass Kyrill und Method als Urheber der glagolitischen Schrift gelten können, ist die Urheberschaft des kyrillischen Alphabetes immer noch Gegenstand akademischer Diskussion. Sie trägt zwar den Namen Kyrills, entstand jedoch nach heutiger Auffassung erst um die Mitte des 10. Jahrhunderts in Ostbulgarien am Hofe der bulgarischen Zaren in Preslaw. Eine Urheberschaft von Kyrill und Method, die ein Jahrhundert früher lebten, wäre somit ausgeschlossen.

Die Zuschreibung an Kliment von Ohrid, einen im westlichen Teil des Bulgarischen Reiches tätigen Schüler Kyrills von Saloniki, ist zwar weit verbreitet, jedoch legendenhaft und nicht beweisbar. Eine entsprechend gedeutete Nachricht in der Legenda Ochridica bedeutet wohl nur, dass er die glagolitische Schrift reformiert hat.

Die meisten Buchstaben wurden aus dem griechischen Alphabet (in seiner byzantinischen Schriftform) übernommen oder von ihm abgeleitet. Für Laute, die das Griechische nicht kennt, wurden Zeichen aus der glagolitischen Schrift (Glagoliza) zugrunde gelegt, die um 862 vom Slawenlehrer Konstantin, der später den Namen Kyrill annahm, entwickelt worden waren.

Es gibt keine einzige mittelalterliche Quelle, die das Alphabet als "kyrillisch" bezeichnet oder aber Kyrill von Saloniki als Schöpfer dieser Schrift erwähnt. Als erwiesen gilt, dass das Alphabet seine erste Verbreitung durch Konstantin von Preslaw fand, Schüler von Kyrills Bruder Method und einer der bedeutendsten Vertreter der sogenannten Literarischen Schule von Preslaw (bulgarisch Преславска книжовна школа). Er war um 900 Bischof in der bulgarischen Hauptstadt Preslaw. Von seinen altbulgarischen Texten, die kyrillisch gefasst sind, sind heute mehr als 40 Schriften bekannt. Sein bedeutendstes Werk ist das "Belehrende Evangelium" (um 893–894), dessen Einführung – das "Alphabetische Gebet" – durch eine russische Abschrift aus dem 12. Jahrhundert bekannt ist. Das Werk von Konstantin von Preslaw gilt als eine der ältesten kyrillischen Schriften.

Eine der ersten erhaltenen Steininschriften auf Kyrillisch ist die Inschrift auf dem Fragment eines Grabkreuzes aus dem 9. oder 10. Jahrhundert, das einst das Grab von Ana markierte. Ana war die jüngste Tochter des bulgarischen Herrschers Boris I. (852–889) und die Schwester seiner Thronfolger Wladimir Rassate (889–893) und Simeon I. (893–927). Die zweisprachige Inschrift erzählt auf Altbulgarisch in kyrillischer Schreibweise und auf Griechisch, dass "der Diener Gottes Ana verstorben ist. Im Monat Oktober am neunten Tag verstarb der Gottesdiener Ana".

Eine weitere erhaltene Inschrift aus dieser Zeit auf Kyrillisch ist die Grabinschrift eines hohen Amtsträgers am Hofe des bulgarischen Zaren Simeon I. (893–927) mit dem Namen Mostitsch (bulg. Мостич). Die Grabinschrift wurde 1952 von Prof. Stancho Waklinow (1921–1978) bei archäologischen Feldforschungsarbeiten in der sogenannten Mostitsch-Kirche (auch als Mostitsch-Kloster bekannt) in der Innenstadt des alten Verwaltungszentrums Preslaw gefunden. Die Forscher gehen heute davon aus, dass das steinerne Monument in den 950er-, spätestens in den 960er-Jahren geschaffen wurde. Der Text des Denkmals lautet (auf Altbulgarisch und übersetzt):

Diesem Denkmal kommt zentrale Bedeutung auch deshalb zu, weil es das erste erhaltene Monument ist, das die Verwendung des kaiserlichen Titels Zar historisch belegt. Die Grabinschrift wird mit weiteren steinernen Monumenten aus der Zeit zwischen dem 9. und dem 10. Jahrhundert im Archäologischen Museum Weliki Preslaw aufbewahrt.

Weitere Entwicklung

Die ursprünglich einheitliche Schrift hat in den verschiedenen Sprachen, die das Kyrillische nutzen, teilweise unterschiedliche Entwicklungen genommen. Die der Ausgangsform am nächsten kommende Variante findet sich im Kirchenslawischen wieder. Mehrere Buchstaben (z. B. ѣ, ѫ, ѧ, Ѯ, Ѱ, ѳ, ѵ, ѡ) der alten kyrillischen Schrift werden heute nicht mehr verwendet. Das heutige Buchstabeninventar der einzelnen Sprachen wird in den Artikeln zu den jeweiligen Sprachen behandelt.

1708 wurde die kyrillische Schrift im Russischen Reich im Zuge der Reformen Peters des Großen vereinfacht und optisch an die lateinische Schrift angepasst. Diese latinisierten Buchstabenformen, die zur Unterscheidung von der kirchenslawischen Schrift als Bürgerliche Schrift bezeichnet wurden, wurden zur Grundlage der normativen Orthographie des Russischen. In der Folge fanden sie unter russischem Einfluss auch in den außerhalb des Russischen Reiches gelegenen Regionen Verbreitung, in denen die kyrillische Schrift verwendet wurde.

Im 19. Jahrhundert erhielten auch das Bulgarische und das Serbische eine normierte kyrillische Orthographie, siehe dazu Bulgarisches Alphabet und Serbisches Alphabet. Während die bulgarische Kyrilliza sich in der Form der Buchstaben weitgehend an die russische anlehnte und in der Orthographie zunächst zum großen Teil etymologischen Kriterien folgte, wurde die serbische Kyrilliza durch Vuk Karadžić radikal reformiert, um eine konsequent phonologische Schreibweise des Serbischen zu ermöglichen. Ende des 19. beziehungsweise Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts wurde auch die kyrillische Orthographie des Ukrainischen und des Belarussischen einheitlich normiert, wobei die Alphabete dieser Sprachen jeweils viele Gemeinsamkeiten, aber auch einige Abweichungen von dem des Russischen aufweisen. Während und unmittelbar nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg wurde schließlich in Jugoslawien ein eigenes vorwiegend dem Vorbild des Serbischen folgendes kyrillisches Alphabet für das Mazedonische normiert.

Für das Rumänische, eine romanische Sprache, die in einem Land überwiegend orthodoxen Glaubens gesprochen wird und seit dem 16. Jahrhundert kyrillisch geschrieben worden war, wurde hingegen 1865 das kyrillische Alphabet zugunsten des lateinischen abgeschafft.

Durch die russische Rechtschreibreform von 1918 wurde die kyrillische Schreibweise des Russischen erneut reformiert, wobei einige infolge der Lautentwicklung nicht mehr notwendige Schriftzeichen abgeschafft wurden. Eine ähnliche Reform erfolgte nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg für das Bulgarische. Die Schreibweise der übrigen kyrillisch geschriebenen slawischen Sprachen hat sich hingegen seit ihrer ersten modernen Normierung, die bereits zum großen Teil phonologischen Kriterien folgte, nicht mehr wesentlich verändert.

Bereits zur Zeit des Zarenreiches wurde das kyrillische Alphabet zur erstmaligen Verschriftlichung einiger kleinerer Sprachen in den zu diesem gehörenden Gebieten Osteuropas, des Kaukasus, Zentralasiens und Sibiriens genutzt. Zu sowjetischer Zeit wurde in den 1920er- und beginnenden 1930er-Jahren zunächst das lateinische Alphabet als Mittel zur Verschriftlichung von Sprachen propagiert, die bisher schriftlos waren oder zuvor das von offizieller Seite als rückständig angesehene arabische oder das mongolische Alphabet verwendet hatten. Ende der 1930er-Jahre wurde dann jedoch die Orthographie aller dieser Sprachen auf das kyrillische Alphabet umgestellt. Von der allgemeinen Einführung der Kyrilliza für die Sprachen der Sowjetunion ausgenommen blieben lediglich das Armenische und das Georgische, die ihre eigenen traditionellen Schriften beibehielten, sowie die Sprachen der baltischen Republiken und von Minderheitengruppen mittel- oder westeuropäischer Herkunft, die weiterhin in lateinischer Schrift geschrieben wurden. Nach dem Vorbild der Sowjetunion führte auch die Mongolische Volksrepublik die kyrillische Schrift ein. Zur Schreibung der nichtslawischen Sprachen der Sowjetunion wurde das kyrillische Alphabet in der für das Russische üblichen Form in den meisten Fällen um weitere meist neugeschaffene Buchstaben erweitert, um alle Laute der jeweiligen Sprache wiedergeben zu können.

Heutige Verbreitung

Heute werden Russisch, Ukrainisch, Belarussisch, Bulgarisch, Serbisch, Mazedonisch und das moderne Kirchenslawisch sowie zahlreiche weitere Sprachen in Osteuropa, Sibirien, im nördlichen Kaukasus und in Zentralasien mit kyrillischen Zeichen geschrieben. Teilweise werden auch noch Turksprachen wie Kasachisch und Kirgisisch, das mit dem Persischen verwandte Tadschikisch, Mongolisch oder auch Dunganisch, ein chinesischer Dialekt, kyrillisch geschrieben.

Die Alphabete der einzelnen Sprachen sind im Wesentlichen gleich und unterscheiden sich nur durch einige wenige Zeichen. Manche Sprachen verwenden Sonderzeichen (ähnlich den Umlauten in der lateinischen Schrift). Allerdings werden in der kyrillischen Schrift im Gegensatz zur Lateinschrift nur selten beigefügte Akzente, Punkte, Zedillen oder ähnliches verwendet, sondern eher ganz neue Buchstabenformen eingeführt. Die kirchenslawische Schrift enthält eine ganze Reihe von Zeichen, die in den modernen Schriften nicht mehr üblich sind.

Seit dem Beitritt Bulgariens zur Europäischen Union 2007 ist die kyrillische neben der lateinischen und der griechischen eine der drei offiziell verwendeten Schriften in der EU. Aus diesem Grund werden seit 2013 die Währungsbezeichnung EURO ("ЕВРО") und die Abkürzung EZB ( für bulgarisch ) auf den Eurobanknoten auch in der kyrillischen Schreibweise aufgeführt.

Vergleichstabelle zur Entwicklung der Buchstabenformen
Die folgende Tabelle zeigt die kyrillischen Buchstaben in der heute üblichen bürgerlichen Schrift mit den Zeichen aller Sprachen:
 Groß- und Kleinbuchstaben (Spalte 1)
 Transliteration (Spalte 2)
 alte, heute noch für kirchliche Texte verwendete Kyrilliza (Spalte 3)
 nicht aus dem Griechischen übernommene Buchstaben – die glagolitischen (Spalte 4)
 die entsprechenden griechischen Buchstaben (Spalte 5)
 zum Vergleich aus dem griechischen Alphabet entwickelte lateinische Buchstaben (Spalte 6)

Wie aus der Tabelle ersichtlich, wurde die kyrillische Schrift hauptsächlich aus der griechischen entwickelt. Dabei wurden griechische Unzialformen benutzt (vgl. Griechisches Alphabet), aus denen später sowohl Klein- wie auch Großbuchstaben entstanden. Für alle mit griechischen Buchstaben nicht darstellbaren Phoneme wurden glagolitische Buchstaben – in einer an den griechischen beziehungsweise kyrillischen Schriftduktus angepassten Form – übernommen.

Kursive und aufrechte Formen

Von einigen Kleinbuchstaben gibt es sehr unterschiedliche Varianten, ähnlich wie bei a/ɑ im lateinischen Alphabet. Im Russischen herrscht in aufrechter Schrift die der jeweiligen Majuskel ähnelnde Form der Minuskeln vor, und die andere Form kommt fast nur in kursiven Schriften vor, wie in der Tabelle abgebildet. Im Bulgarischen und Serbischen sind die von den Großbuchstaben stark abweichenden Minuskeln auch in aufrechter Schrift üblich. Das vergrößert die Zahl jener Zeichen, die bei gleicher Form im kyrillischen und im lateinischen Alphabet unterschiedliche Bedeutung haben. Vor allem in Serbien kann das leicht verwirren, wo die Landessprache mancherorts sowohl lateinisch als auch kyrillisch geschrieben wird.

Im Serbischen und Mazedonischen sind außerdem andere Formen der kursiven Minuskeln üblich, die großenteils der kyrillischen Schreibschrift ähneln:
 Das б (б) ähnelt noch stärker als die Standardform einem kleinen griechischen Delta (δ).
 Das г (г) sieht aus wie ein i mit Makron (ī) und nicht wie ein an der Vertikalen gespiegeltes s oder punktloses Fragezeichen.
 Das д (д) ähnelt einem g statt einem runden d (mit gebogener Oberlänge) oder einer gespiegelten 6.
 Das п (п) sieht in Annäherung an die griechische Schreibschrift wie ein kursives и oder ein lateinisches u mit Makron (ū) und nicht wie ein n aus.
 Das т (т) ist analog der Standardvariante (ähnlich m) die verdoppelte Form der Minuskel für das п, also etwa vergleichbar einem kursiven ш oder umgekehrten lateinischen m mit Makron (ɯ̅).

In der Computertypographie waren diese Varianten lange nur über speziell lokalisierte Schriften darstellbar. Inzwischen können aber "smart fonts" in den Formaten OpenType, Graphite oder AAT abhängig von der Sprache automatisch die korrekten Glyphvarianten auswählen. Allerdings muss das Betriebssystem oder die verwendete Software dazu die Sprache bestimmen können und nicht alle Schriftdateien sind entsprechend angepasst.

Kyrillische Schreibschrift
Noch Ende des 17. Jahrhunderts hatte die kyrillische Schreibschrift große Ähnlichkeit mit der mittelalterlichen griechischen Unziale.

Mit der von Zar Peter dem Großen eingeleiteten Modernisierung Russlands näherte sich der Stil der gedruckten wie geschriebenen Schrift zeitgenössischen westeuropäischen Schriften an.

Wiedergabe mit lateinischen Buchstaben
Für die graphische Wiedergabe der kyrillischen Schrift mit lateinischen Buchstaben (Romanisierung) gibt es verschiedene Möglichkeiten der Umschrift:
 sprachunabhängig (ISO 9:1995/GOST 7.79-2000 System A mit 1:1-Buchstabenzuordnung),
 ausgangssprachabhängig (wissenschaftliche Transliteration, ISO/R 9:1968, DIN 1460:1982, GOST 7.79-2000 System B),
 parallel oder früher verwendetes lateinisches Alphabet der Ausgangssprache (z. B. Serbisch, Mazedonisch, Turksprachen),
 ausgangs- und zielsprachabhängig (Transkription).
Die Umkehrbarkeit ist dabei nur im ersten Fall vollständig gewährleistet, mit kleinen Einschränkungen meist auch im zweiten. Daneben gibt es die rein ausspracheabhängige Schreibung, z. B. per IPA, die aber nicht von der Ursprungsverschriftung, also hier den kyrillischen Buchstaben, abhängig ist. In einigen Fällen, etwa im Mongolischen oder bei Namen von Auswanderern, wird das kyrillische Schriftsystem parallel mit einem anderen verwendet, für das es oft wiederum eine Transliterationsvorschrift ins lateinische gibt, die zu anderen Ergebnissen führen kann. Ein theoretisch möglicher rein zielsprachabhängiger Ansatz ist nicht üblich, da wie im lateinischen Schriftsystem nicht in jeder Sprache den kyrillischen Buchstaben dieselben Laute zugeordnet sind (z. B. г → g/h).

Transliteration
Die in der Slawistik übliche wissenschaftliche Transliteration beruht auf dem tschechischen Alphabet. Die Normen der ISO und anderer Institute (v. a. GOST) bauen darauf auf, unterscheiden sich aber in Details davon. Die Vereinten Nationen empfehlen seit 1987 für geographische Bezeichnungen GOST 16876-71, die zumindest für das Russische keine Unterschiede zur wissenschaftlichen Transliteration und ISO/R 9 aufweist und nur drei zu ISO 9 (щ → šč/ŝ, я → ja/â, ю → ju/û). Die Nachfolgenorm GOST 7.79-2000 stimmt in System A insgesamt bis auf zwei kleine Ausnahmen mit ISO 9 überein.

Für die weitgehend phonetische Transkription gibt es in den europäischen Sprachen – auch und gerade in der deutschen – eine lange Tradition, in deren Verlauf es auch zu Änderungen und Varianten kam (z. B. Namensendung -off/-ow/-ov/-ev oder in der DDR sh für ж). Neben der Verwendung von w anstelle von v für в weicht die vom Duden gepflegte (russisch-)deutsche Transkription vor allem bei den S-Lauten von der Transliteration ab (ш/ж → sch, з → s statt z, ц → z statt c).

Im englischen Sprachraum dominieren zwei einander sehr ähnliche Standards, die zugunsten von Digraphen (meist mit h) weniger stark auf diakritische Zeichen wie Hatschek und Zirkumflex setzen (z. B. щ → shch statt šč oder ŝ): BGN/PCGN (Geographie) und ALA-LC (Bibliothekswesen).Durch die Verwendung in den internationalen Medien, zum Beispiel im Profisportbereich, und deren unreflektierter Übernahme durch die lokale Presse finden sich die französische und vor allem englische Transkription auch in vielen anderen Ländern; ebenso tauchen wegen technischer Schwierigkeiten akzentbefreite Transliterationen auf. Es ist ein Qualitätsmerkmal von Verlagen und Redaktionen, den ausgewählten Transkriptions- oder Transliterationsstandard durchgängig einzuhalten.

In Jugoslawien galt für die lokalen Sprachen eine einheitliche Umwandlung von kyrillischen in lateinische Buchstaben und umgekehrt, die sich in den Nachfolgestaaten erhalten hat. Vor allem in Serbien werden beide Systeme weiterhin parallel verwendet. In den Staaten Aserbaidschan, Turkmenistan und Usbekistan wurden nach der Unabhängigkeit von der Sowjetunion in den 1990er-Jahren auf dem Türkischen basierende lateinische Alphabete (wieder-)eingeführt. In diesen Fällen wird in der Regel auch im Ausland die lokale Umschrift verwendet. In Belarus hat ein an das polnische angelehntes lateinisches Alphabet (Łacinka) historische Bedeutung, genießt heute aber keinen offiziellen Status und wird deswegen zur Transkription des Belarussischen in fremdsprachigem Kontext nur selten verwendet.

Beispiele für die Umschrift von Namen
In Klammern steht ggf. unter Transliteration die strengere ISO 9 von 1995 und unter deutsch die DDR-Transkription.

Zu inoffiziellen Methoden der Transliteration, die sich an den technischen Beschränkungen von Eingabegeräten wie lateinischen Tastaturen orientieren, siehe Translit.

Erscheinungsformen in einzelnen Sprachen

Slawische Sprachen

Belarussisch

Bulgarisch

Kirchenslawisch
Auch moderne kirchenslawische Texte werden nach wie vor in der altkyrillischen Schrift gesetzt, die in der obigen Tabelle dargestellt ist. Eine etwaige Transkription oder Transliteration richtet sich in der Regel nach der Sprache des Landes, in der der Text erscheint.

Mazedonisch

Russisch

Serbisch, Serbokroatisch und Montenegrinisch

Anmerkung: Die serbische Sprache verwendet neben der kyrillischen Schrift auch das lateinische Alphabet. Die Verfassung Serbiens hebt zwar die kyrillische Schrift für den offiziellen Gebrauch vor allem in der öffentlichen Verwaltung und Schulen in Serbien als erste Schrift hervor, es kann und darf aber die lateinische Schrift auch im offiziellen Gebrauch verwendet werden. Im Serbokroatischen des ehemaligen Jugoslawien waren die serbische kyrillische Schrift und das lateinische Alphabet im offiziellen Gebrauch gleichgestellt.

In Montenegro ist laut Verfassung die kyrillische Schrift neben der lateinischen Schrift gleichberechtigt. Im Jahr 2009 veröffentlichte das montenegrinische Ministerium für Bildung und Wissenschaft eine Rechtschreibung, die neben zwei zusätzlichen Buchstaben (sowohl in der lateinischen als auch in der kyrillischen Variante) auch ein Wörterbuch mit entsprechenden Abweichungen der Schreibungen einzelner Wörter der montenegrinischen Sprache vom Serbokroatischen enthält.

Die heutige Form der serbischen Azbuka (Alphabet) geht auf die Reformierung der bisherigen kyrillischen Schrift durch Vuk Stefanović Karadžić im 19. Jahrhundert zurück. Die slawenoserbische Schrift, die zu seiner Zeit nur noch in höheren Kreisen bekannt war, ähnelte bis auf einige Konsonanten vor allem der russischen kyrillischen Schrift sehr.

Vom Mittelalter bis ins 19. Jahrhundert war vor allem in Bosnien und Herzegowina und in Teilen Kroatiens außerdem die Schrift Bosančica verbreitet.

Ukrainisch

Turksprachen

Baschkirisch

Die mit * gekennzeichneten Buchstaben kommen gewöhnlich nur in jüngeren Fremdwörtern russischer Herkunft vor.

Kasachisch

Die mit * gekennzeichneten Buchstaben kommen gewöhnlich nur in jüngeren Fremdwörtern russischer Herkunft vor.

Kirgisisch

Uigurisch

In der Sowjetunion und ihren Nachfolgestaaten (v. a. Kasachstan) wurde und wird Uigurisch mit einem kyrillischen Alphabet geschrieben, in der Volksrepublik China hingegen offiziell zunächst mit einem erweiterten Lateinalphabet (Yengi Yeziⱪ, "neue Schrift") und seit 1987 (wieder) in einem arabisch-persischen Alphabet (Ⱪona Yeziⱪ, "alte Schrift"). In den verschiedenen Verschriftungen kommen unterschiedliche Rechtschreibprinzipien zum Tragen, so dass die verschiedenen Alphabete nicht eins zu eins übertragbar sind. Das betrifft vor allem die Schreibweise von Lehnwörtern aus dem Russischen und aus dem Chinesischen.

Mongolische Sprachen

Burjatisch

Die mit * gekennzeichneten Buchstaben kommen gewöhnlich nur in jüngeren Fremdwörtern russischer Herkunft vor.

Mongolisch

Andere Sprachen

Dunganisch

Die mit * gekennzeichneten Buchstaben werden nur in russischen Lehnwörtern verwendet.

Mari

Rumänisch

→ Hauptartikel: Rumänisch-kyrillisches Alphabet

Bis zum 10. Jahrhundert stand die Walachei unter bulgarischem Einfluss, Moldau vom 10. bis zum 13. Jahrhundert unter dem Einfluss der Kiewer Rus. Wegen des orthodoxen Glaubens der Rumänen und der slawischen Umgebung wurde die rumänische Sprache ab dem 13. Jahrhundert mit kyrillischen Buchstaben geschrieben. Diese Schrift wurde von der kirchenslawischen übernommen.

Ab dem 18. Jahrhundert wurde jedoch die kyrillische Schrift in Siebenbürgen (das damals zum Habsburgerreich gehörte) nach und nach durch die lateinische ersetzt. Damals wurde noch kein eigenes rumänisches Alphabet entwickelt, sondern nach den Regeln der ungarischen Orthographie geschrieben. Die Siebenbürgische Schule entwickelte schließlich Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts ein eigenes offizielles rumänisches Alphabet, das auf lateinischen Buchstaben basierte. 1862 wurde in Rumänien offiziell die kyrillische Schrift komplett durch die lateinische ersetzt.

1938 wurde in der Moldauischen ASSR für die in Moldauisch umbenannte rumänische Sprache die kyrillische Schrift wieder eingeführt, allerdings diesmal nicht in der kirchenslawischen, sondern in der russischen Version. Im von der Sowjetunion annektierten Bessarabien wurde in den Jahren 1940 und 1941 sowie von 1944 bis 1989 die Verwendung der kyrillischen Schrift obligatorisch. Heute wird Rumänisch nur noch in Transnistrien mit kyrillischen Buchstaben geschrieben.

Tadschikisch

Tschetschenisch

Tschuktschisch

Die mit * gekennzeichneten Buchstaben kommen nur selten oder gar nicht in genuin tschuktschischen Wörtern vor.

Namen der Buchstaben

Traditionelle Namen
Im Kirchenslawischen hat ähnlich wie im Griechischen jeder Buchstabe einen Namen. Diese womöglich schon von Konstantin-Kyrill selbst eingeführten Namen sind größtenteils normale altkirchenslawische Wörter beziehungsweise Wortformen, die eine Art Merkspruch zu ergeben scheinen, durch den sich vielleicht Schreibschüler die Reihenfolge des Alphabets besser merken konnten. Allerdings sind für die am Ende des Alphabets, nach Omega, eingefügten Buchstaben größtenteils keine solchen "sprechenden" Namen überliefert.

Heutige Namen
In den heutigen slawischen Sprachen werden nicht mehr die traditionellen Namen verwendet, sondern nach einem ähnlichen Muster wie im Deutschen gebildete Namen:

Buchstabieralphabet

Kyrillische Zahlen

Die kyrillischen Zahlen sind ein Zahlensystem, das auf den kyrillischen Buchstaben beruht. Es wurde bei den Süd- und Ostslawen vor allem in kirchenslawischen Texten benutzt, die in alter Kyrilliza geschrieben sind. Die Verwendung von Buchstaben als Zahlzeichen erfolgte nach griechischem Muster. Zur Markierung wurde ein Titlo über den jeweiligen Buchstaben gesetzt. Seit dem 16. Jahrhundert wurden daneben auch indisch-arabische und römische Zahlen benutzt. Seit Einführung der bürgerlichen Schrift durch Peter I. 1708 werden die kyrillischen Zahlen nicht mehr verwendet.

Zeichenkodierung
Die verbreitetsten 8-Bit-Kodierungen für Kyrillisch sind ISO 8859-5, Windows-1251, Macintosh Cyrillic, KOI8-R und KOI8-U. Sie umfassen nur die für die modernen slawischen Sprachen benötigten Buchstaben, KOI8 sogar nur die für modernes Russisch beziehungsweise Ukrainisch. Historische Zeichen und Sonderzeichen für nichtslawische Sprachen sind nur in Unicode kodiert (ausführlich dazu vgl. Kyrillisch und Glagolitisch in Unicode).

Die folgende Tabelle gibt einen Überblick über die Kodierung kyrillischer Zeichen in der aktuellen ISO-Transliteration, hexadezimal und dezimal in Unicode (z. B. für numerische Zeichenreferenzen in HTML, SGML und XML verwendbar), und als hexadezimale Bytewerte in den fünf erwähnten 8-Bit-Kodierungen, wobei die Ergänzungen von KOI8-U gegenüber KOI8-R in der gemeinsamen Spalte in Klammern stehen.

Tag der kyrillischen Schrift
Der Tag der kyrillischen Schrift ist der 24. Mai. In Bulgarien als Tag des bulgarischen Alphabets gefeiert, ist er ein offizieller Feiertag. An diesem Tag werden traditionell am Denkmal für Kyrill und Method vor der Bulgarischen Nationalbibliothek Blumen niedergelegt, auch in Moskau auf dem Slawjanskaja-Platz in der Nähe des Kremls, wo sich ebenfalls ein Denkmal befindet. In vielen Kirchen werden Gottesdienste abgehalten. Zum ersten Mal wurde der Feiertag 1851 an der bulgarischen Schule Kyrill und Method in Plowdiw im damaligen osmanischen Reich begangen.

Siehe auch
 Ableitung der lateinischen und kyrillischen aus griechischen Buchstaben

Literatur
 A. Leskien: Handbuch der altbulgarischen (altkirchenslavischen) Sprache. Grammatik – Texte – Glossar. 10. von Johannes Schröpfer mit Verbesserungen und Ergänzungen versehene Auflage. Winter, Heidelberg 1990, ISBN 3-533-00615-8 (Indogermanische Bibliothek. Reihe 1: Lehr- und Handbücher).
 Nicolina Trunte: Altkirchenslavisch. 5. Auflage. Sagner, München 2003, ISBN 3-87690-480-3 (Словѣньскъи ѩзыкъ. Ein praktisches Lehrbuch des Kirchenslavischen in 30 Lektionen. Zugleich eine Einführung in die slavische Philologie. Bd. 1 = Slavistische Beiträge. 264 = Studienhilfen. Bd. 1).
 Gerhard Podskalsky: Theologische Literatur des Mittelalters in Bulgarien und Serbien 865–1459. C. H. Beck, 2000, ISBN 3-406-45024-5
 Florin Curta: Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250, Cambridge University Press, 2006, ISBN 0-521-81539-8
 Ivan G. Iliev: Kurze Geschichte des kyrillischen Alphabets. Plovdiv, 2015, academia.edu
 Ivan G. Iliev: Short History of the Cyrillic Alphabet ijors.net
 Paul Cubberley: "The Slavic Alphabets" and later finalized and spread by disciples Kliment and Naum in Ohrid and Preslav schools of Tsar Boris' Bulgaria. In: Daniels, Bright (Hrsg.): The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press, 1996, ISBN 0-19-507993-0.
 Eleonora Gallucci: Ucitel'noe Evangelie di Costantino di Preslav (IX-X sec.). Tradizione testuale, redazioni, fonti greche. (PDF; 5,1 MB) In: Europa Orientalis, XX, 2001, S. 49–138 (Belehrendes Evangelium von Konstantin von Preslaw)
 Philipp Ammon: Tractatus slavonicus. (PDF; 1,4 MB) In: Sjani (Thoughts) Georgian Scientific Journal of Literary Theory and Comparative Literature, N 17, 2016, S. 248–56

Weblinks

 Sebastian Kempgen: Kodeks-Server (deutsch / englisch)
 Omniglot (englisch)

 Transliteration of Non-Roman Scripts – Umfangreiche Sammlung von Transliterationsvorschriften für verschiedene Sprachen und Alphabete
 Unicode Code Charts: Cyrillic (PDF; 263 kB), Cyrillic Supplement (PDF; 124 kB)
 Typografischer Blindtext-Generator für Russisch
 Russische Tastaturbelegung für deutsche Tastaturen
  (auf der Grundlage der deutschen Standardtastatur)
 Direkte Umschrift Lateinisch–Kyrillisch, mit Rechtschreibkontrolle (auf dem Englischen basierende Umschrift ohne diakritische Zeichen)
 CyrAcademisator Online-Transliteration und Konversion für ISO 9, wissenschaftlich, ISO/R 9, ALA-LC (diakritisch), GOST 7.79B, Deutsch (Duden), Dänisch (Sprognævn) und Translit. Altkyrillische Buchstaben werden erkannt können per virtueller Tastatur eingegeben werden.
  – Perl-Skript zur Transliteration von Russisch in die deutsche Form
 Tabelle, die insbesondere die speziellen Morsezeichen für kyrillische Buchstaben enthält
 Das russische Gesetz, das die kyrillische Schrift vorschreibt:
 Bulgarisches "Gesetz zur Transliteration" Закон за транслитерацията vom 13. März 2009 (bulgarisch) auf Wikisource [in Wirklichkeit eine ans Englische angelehnte Transkription]
 Russisches Alphabet – 33 Buchstaben und 330 Beispielwörter mit Audioaufnahmen (letzte Version 2018 mit Inhalt im Internet Archive)

Anmerkungen

Einzelnachweise

Slawische Sprachen
Weliki Preslaw

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


It's been called the world's next culinary "hotspot" for good reason. From the Andes to Patagonia to Santiago, chefs in Chile are mixing the culture of the country with the abundance of the land and sea to create an exciting culinary destination for locals and travelers alike.
One young chef in particular, Chris Carpentier, is among the shining stars in Santiago. Although he is widely recognized for his role on the Chilean version of MasterChef and for his appearances on several high-profile Chilean television programs, Carpentier is also the author of two books and the owner of two restaurants, El Barrio and Maldito Chef.
On a trip to Santiago for the 2016 Maccabi Pan American Games earlier this year, I was fortunate to not only to eat at the fabulous El Barrio, but also to have the chance to talk to Chef Carpentier in person. His rise to fame, as so often is the case, did not come without hard work, some professional and personal disappointments and a culinary journey that took him from Chile to Washington, DC, and back again to his home country.
Carpentier was born into a family that is half-Jewish (his father is American and his mother Chilean). His Jewish grandmother and her sister left Poland where they had a watch business and settled in South America. At one point, his grandmother also lived just by Central Park in New York City. Carpentier, whose love of cooking started early in his childhood, has fond memories of the Shabbat dinners hosted by his grandmother, especially of their preamble: the hum of the kitchen talk, the cutting, the chopping and the wonderful aromas that led to happy faces around the table.
With a lack of culinary schools in Chile and a yearning to learn more, Carpentier made his way to the US, to Washington, where he found work in the kitchens of renowned chefs Michele Richard, Tino Buggio and Jean-Louis Palladin. They, especially Palladin, the youngest chef to achieve a two-star Michelin rating in France, instilled in Carpentier the deep respect for locally sourced and locally produced foods.
He carries on these principles today, whether it's cooking in his restaurant and on his television shows or by altering his grandmother's kreplach recipe. He plays with every recipe, changing it, experimenting, but always with the deepest respect for the ingredients that he is using.
El Barrio, which means "the neighborhood," is located on a quiet corner of a neighborhood street. The cooking features local ingredients and integrates Latin American, French, Italian and Asian flavors.
For this chef, the hard work doesn't stop with his successes. His next project is to bring his love of food and his cooking style to a new generation of chefs by opening a new culinary school in Chile. His goal is to encourage aspiring chefs to take interest in where the food comes from, to respect it, to develop skills and, most importantly, to take pride in becoming a chef. As we settled into dinner and I took my first bite, I understood what Chef Carpentier was saying. The best ingredients, best technique and the hum of the kitchen—it all comes together at El Barrio.
Top photo: Fresh fish with quinoa and local vegetables at Chris Carpentier's El Barrio (courtesy of El Barrio).


As we take our first steps into the new calendar year, many of us want to feel refreshed, renewed and healthy.
Tallene Hacatourian has been inspiring her rapidly growing online community to pursue their health in a huge way for the past year!
I love photographing clients who are passionate about what they do. It's wonderful when we can learn from each other and create together. It also helps me translate their unique business personality into imagery so they feel perfectly represented. Excited about what I learned, I wanted to share a little bit of what Tallene does with you all.
Yeran: Tallene, what are you most excited about professionally in 2019?
Tallene: I'm very excited for 2019 because honestly I don't know what's ahead with my business and it's kind of thrilling! I have goals, such as starting a youtube channel, which I can't wait to delve into. I also look forward to doing more public speaking in my area and continuing to grow my business. I look back on last year and I feel like my first year of business surpassed any of my expectations. I'm really passionate about my career and I think that that fire really drives me forward. Whenever I feel anxious about what's going to happen next, I fall back on that thought.
Yeran: Do you have any personal goals or resolutions this year?
Tallene: I have a personal goal of really enjoying the moment and being proud of myself instead of worrying about the "what ifs." I think with running your own business, there's a lot of pressure and it's hard to sit down and tell yourself "good job" because your always thinking "what's next? Don't get too comfortable!" I put in my best effort, go with the flow and really appreciate everything, or else it's not worth it!
Yeran: You told me on our shoot together that you've had massive growth on instagram since narrowing your target market to helping those with PCOS weight loss, something that you really related to on a personal and professional level. Can you expand on that?
Tallene: Getting into a niche, PCOS weight loss, has really helped my business grow because I can reach more people and help them with a specific topic that I have experience with and spend every minute learning more about. Finding a niche has pushed me to create a course, 3 Steps to PCOS Weight Loss, and it's impacted more people than if I had just created a general weight loss program. It's very difficult to grow your business when you're trying to reach a broad audience and cater to everyone.
Yeran: You provide a lot of realistic advice for busy people to get healthier on your instagram stories. How long do you expect clients to spend meal planning each week?
Tallene: I typically recommend clients to spend a few hours (3-5) during the weekend to meal plan, only if they want to. If they don't have time, they need to realize this and devise a plan, whether it is a meal delivery service or buying pre packaged food. Meal planning isn't for everyone, although it's a great skill to have!
Yeran: Newport is a beautiful city! What's your favorite spot to get a GF, DF meal out?
Tallene: Yes! I love eating at True Foods! Whenever someone asks me where I want to eat, I almost always say that. They have a great menu, and I love their philosophy regarding the anti-inflammatory diet.
Yeran: I have a slow juicer that I love, but try to limit my juice intake since it can be really high glycemic index. Do you have any recipes to share for a low GI juice?
Tallene: Yum! I like to juice cucumber, kale, lemon and a green apple. It's low in sugar and tastes a bit like lemonade.
Tallene is a Registered Dietician with a M.S in Nutrition and Dietetics who has a clinic in Newport Beach. She's helped hundreds of clients achieve their heath goals through her courses and one-on-one sessions. She has also specialised in helping women with PCOS, a complicated metabolic disorder that affects many women and often goes years undiagnosed. You can follow her on Instagram at @pcos.weightloss and check our her website here.


text:
<?php

namespace Magento\MediaStorage\Model\File\Storage;

use Magento\Framework\HTTP\PhpEnvironment\Request as HttpRequest;

class Request
{
    /**
     * Path info
     *
     * @var string
     */
    private $pathInfo;

    /**
     * @param HttpRequest $request
     */
    public function __construct(HttpRequest $request)
    {
        $this->pathInfo = str_replace('..', '', ltrim($request->getPathInfo(), '/'));
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve path info
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getPathInfo()
    {
        return $this->pathInfo;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The School's campus solution provides a portal for the student and parent. This portal provides parent information, student information, student attendance, student report card, teachers list, LMS Moodle, circulars, news, emails, and gallery. Parents can communicate to the teachers through the portal as well. To access the portal the parent is provided with the login ID and password.
The school uses the Learning management system for uploading the worksheets, study materials, study related videos and images for students' reference. Parents and students can download the files uploaded in the LMS at their home through the portal.
CMS empowers the teachers to implement the most innovative, dynamic and effective teaching methods in the classrooms. With CMS, for most of the subjects, students are provided with text, audio, images, animation, and streaming video in the classroom. The data in the CMS is in accordance with the CBSE textbooks.


text:
echo "DISPLAY = \"$DISPLAY\"."
echo "DISPLAY_portion = \"${DISPLAY##*\.}\"."

. ${HOME}/etc/shell.conf

FRAME_NO="$(cat /home/lg/frame)"

echo "MY FRAME = \"${FRAME_NO}\"."

if [[ $FRAME_NO = 0 ]]; then

    #nitrogen --set-zoom-fill ${XDG_PICTURES_DIR}/backgrounds/lg-bg-${FRAME_NO}.png &
    ${SCRIPDIR}/launch-earth.sh &
    ${HOME}/bin/earth.tcl &
elif [[ $FRAME_NO -ge 1 ]]; then
    #nitrogen --set-zoom-fill ${XDG_PICTURES_DIR}/backgrounds/lg-bg-${FRAME_NO}.png &
echo "Slave: LG$((FRAME_NO+1))"
else
    # will wait up to 9 seconds in increments of 3
    # to get an IP
    IP_WAIT=0

    #nitrogen --set-tiled ${XDG_PICTURES_DIR}/backgrounds/lg-bg-noframe.png &

    while [[ $IP_WAIT -le 9 ]]; do
        PRIMARY_IP="$(ip addr show dev eth0 primary | awk '/inet\ / { print $2}')"
        if [[ -z $PRIMARY_IP ]]; then
            let IP_WAIT+=3
            sleep 3
        else
            break
        fi
    done

    # notify user
    xmessage \
"\"Personality\" assignment is _essential_
My primary IP address: $PRIMARY_IP

Utilize ${HOME}/bin/personality.sh with root priv."
fi