Mission: To establish a standard of excellence and continue a tradition of success by developing athletes, staff and teams through education and training, to prepare current and future athletes and staff to serve as exemplary representatives of the United States.
Wheelchair Rugby was invented in 1977 by a Canadian group of quadriplegic athletes who were looking for a sport that would allow players with reduced arm and hand function to participate equally. Originally known as "murderball" because of its intense physical nature, the sport's name was changed to "quad rugby," but it is also commonly known as wheelchair rugby. By 1993 wheelchair rugby was officially recognized as a sport for athletes with disabilities and the International Wheelchair Rugby Federation was founded. In 1994 Wheelchair Rugby was recognized by the International Paralympic Committee as a Paralympic sport allowing the first Wheelchair Rugby Wheelchair Rugby World Championships to be held in Switzerland the following year. Wheelchair Rugby then made its Paralympic debut as a demonstration event in Atlanta in 1996. It became a medal sport in Sydney in 2000, where the United States won the gold medal.
USA Wheelchair Rugby currently operates with the Lakeshore Foundation as their National Governing body and are overseen by the US Olympic Committee. In 2013 USA Wheelchair Rugby partnered with USA Rugby in order to collaborate in the growth of Rugby in America.
Results: This is the first international competition ever held for the sport of Wheelchair Rugby. Team USA goes 4-0 to win the Gold Medal over Canada in the Championship.
Results: Team USA goes 7-0 to win the Gold Medal over Great Britain.
Results: Team USA goes 9-0 to win the Gold Medal over Canada. USA earns the number one seed for the 1996 Paralympics in Atlanta, Georgia.
Results: Team USA team splits to two squads, the Americans and Nationals. The Americans defeated the Nationals in the Championship game to capture the Gold Medal.
Results: Wheelchair Rugby makes its Paralympic debut. Team USA goes undefeated, 7-0 to win the Gold Medal over Canada. USA Rugby was the only US "Team Sport" to capture Gold during the 1996 Paralympics.
Results: Team USA goes undefeated, 7-0 to win the Gold Medal over New Zealand. USA earns the number one seed for the 2000 Paralympics held in Sydney, Australia.
Results: Team USA takes a group of athletes with no previous World Championship or Paralympic experience to New Zealand to help develop future National teams. Despite facing the world's best teams, USA's team of rookies went 6-1 and captured the Gold Medal.
Results: Team USA goes undefeated, 5-0 to win the Gold Medal over Australia. More than 10,000 fans watched the Gold Medal game live, in addition to an estimated 8 million Australian TV viewers. Wheelchair Rugby was the most anticipated and exciting sport at the 2000 games.
Results: Team USA splits to two squads, the Stars and the Stripes. Both teams go 5-0 and face each other to battle for Gold in the Championship game. In the end the Stripes captured the win by a single point in what became a triple overtime victory.
Results: Team USA suffers its first loss in a championship game by one point to Canada and finish in second place with the Silver medal. The United States earns a spot for the 2004 Paralympics in Athens, Greece where they hope to regain the world title.
Results: As part of US Paralympics America Series, Team USA played Canada and won the rugby competition 29-25. While this game did not affect world rankings, it did help demonstrate the United States commitment to being the best in the world.
Results: Team USA brings a mixed group of veteran and rookie athletes to New Zealand to sharpen playing skills in international competition. While Team USA played well and won the Bronze Medal, more importantly, they were able to gain valuable playing experience as they look towards Athens in 2004.
Results: The 2004 North America Cup was expanded this year to provide a world class competition opportunity as teams prepare for Athens. Paralympic teams from Canada, Germany, Great Britain and the United States each competed in Wheelchair Rugby, as did their respective teams in men and women's Wheelchair Basketball. Every win earned team points and in the end it was the United States who won the overall competition. USA Paralympic Rugby swept it's opponents, 5-0.
Results: The inaugural Canada Cup featured 5 of the 8 countries who will compete in Wheelchair Rugby during the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens, Greece. The Canada Cup results were used to determine the final seedings for Athens, and the United States earned top honors. USA Paralympic Rugby was undefeated (7-0) after three days of play and enters the 2004 Paralympics as the #1 seed.
Results: Team USA goes 5 and 1 to win the Bronze Medal. The Gold Medal was won by New Zealand, who defeated Canada in a come from behind victory in the final minutes of play.
Results: Team USA brings two developmental teams (Stars and Stripes) to Brazil to provide international experience for their athletes. Following 3 days of competition, USA Stripes won the Gold medal with the USA Stars team bringing home the Silver.
Results: Team USA faced the four top ranked countries in the world and went 5 and 0 to win the North America Cup for the third consecutive time.
Results: The Canada Cup featured 8 of the top ranked countries in the world. Team USA went 5 and 0 for the weekend, and defeated top ranked New Zealand in triple overtime to win the Gold Medal.
Results: Team USA goes 7 and 0, defeating host country New Zealand in the final match for Gold. This win qualifies Team USA for the 2008 Paralympic Games in Beijing, China and returns their world ranking to the top team in the world.
Results: Team USA takes home Gold!


Sometimes amongst birds there are irreversible disagreements that cannot be overcome. A bird has projected its shadow over the other, and war is inevitable. Again, it's all in the perception of the artist.
SKU: 12.06. Category: Graphic Art Prints. Tags: art, artist, bird, drawing, graphics, lithography, shadow, war.


text:
"Bitumen" redirects here. For naturally occurring bituminous sands used for petroleum production, see Oil sands.
For other uses, see Asphalt (disambiguation).
Note: The terms bitumen and asphalt are mostly interchangeable, except where asphalt is used as an abbreviation for asphalt concrete. This article uses "asphalt/bitumen" where either term is acceptable.
The primary use of asphalt/bitumen is in road construction, where it is used as the glue or binder mixed with aggregate particles to create asphalt concrete. Its other main uses are for bituminous waterproofing products, including production of roofing felt and for sealing flat roofs.
The terms asphalt and bitumen are often used interchangeably to mean both natural and manufactured forms of the substance. In American English, asphalt (or asphalt cement) is the carefully refined residue from the distillation process of selected crude oils. Outside the United States, the product is often called bitumen. Geological terminology often prefers the term bitumen. Common usage often refers to various forms of asphalt/bitumen as "tar", such as at the La Brea Tar Pits. Another term, mostly archaic, refers to asphalt/bitumen as "pitch". The pitch used in this mixture is sometimes found in natural deposits but usually made by the distillation of crude oil.
Naturally occurring asphalt/bitumen is sometimes specified by the term "crude bitumen". Its viscosity is similar to that of cold molasses[6][7] while the material obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil [boiling at 525 °C (977 °F)] is sometimes referred to as "refined bitumen".
1.1 Modern usage
3.1 Geological origin
3.2 Ancient times
3.3 Early use in Europe
3.4 Photography and art
3.5 Early use in the United Kingdom
3.6 Early use in the United States
4 Modern use
4.1 Rolled asphalt concrete
4.2 Mastic asphalt
4.3 Asphalt emulsion
5 Petroleum production, alternatives and bioasphalt
The word asphalt is derived from the late Middle English, in turn from French asphalte, based on Late Latin asphalton, asphaltum, which is the latinisation of the Greek ἄσφαλτος (ásphaltos, ásphalton), a word meaning "asphalt/bitumen/pitch",[8] which perhaps derives from α- "without" and σφάλλω, (sfallō), "make fall".[9] Note that in French, the term asphalte is used for naturally occurring bitumen-soaked limestone deposits, and for specialised manufactured products with fewer voids or greater bitumen content than the "asphaltic concrete" used to pave roads. It is a significant fact that the first use of asphalt by the ancients was in the nature of a cement for securing or joining together various objects, and it thus seems likely that the name itself was expressive of this application. Specifically Herodotus mentioned that bitumen was brought to Babylon to build its gigantic fortification wall.[10] From the Greek, the word passed into late Latin, and thence into French (asphalte) and English ("asphaltum" and "asphalt").
The expression "bitumen" originated in the Sanskrit, where we find the words jatu, meaning "pitch," and jatu-krit, meaning "pitch creating", "pitch producing" (referring to coniferous or resinous trees). The Latin equivalent is claimed by some to be originally gwitu-men (pertaining to pitch), and by others, pixtumens (exuding or bubbling pitch), which was subsequently shortened to bitumen, thence passing via French into English. From the same root is derived the Anglo Saxon word cwidu (mastix), the German word Kitt (cement or mastic) and the old Norse word kvada.[11]
Neither of the terms asphalt or bitumen should be confused with tar or coal tars.
Modern usage
In British English, the word 'asphalt' is used to refer to a mixture of mineral aggregate and asphalt/bitumen (also called tarmac in common parlance). The earlier word 'asphaltum' is now archaic and not commonly used. In American English, 'asphalt' is equivalent to the British 'bitumen'. However, 'asphalt' is also commonly used as a shortened form of 'asphalt concrete' (therefore equivalent to the British 'asphalt' or 'tarmac'). In Australian English, bitumen is often used as the generic term for road surfaces. In Canadian English, the word bitumen is used to refer to the vast Canadian deposits of extremely heavy crude oil,[12] while asphalt is used for the oil refinery product used to pave roads and manufacture roof shingles and various waterproofing products. Diluted bitumen (diluted with naphtha to make it flow in pipelines) is known as dilbit in the Canadian petroleum industry, while bitumen "upgraded" to synthetic crude oil is known as syncrude and syncrude blended with bitumen as synbit.[13] Bitumen is still the preferred geological term for naturally occurring deposits of the solid or semi-solid form of petroleum. Bituminous rock is a form of sandstone impregnated with bitumen. The tar sands of Alberta, Canada are a similar material.
The substance is completely soluble in carbon disulfide, and composed primarily of a mixture of highly condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; it is most commonly modelled as a colloid, with asphaltenes as the dispersed phase and maltenes as the continuous phase (though there is some disagreement amongst chemists regarding its structure). One writer stated although a "considerable amount of work has been done on the composition of asphalt, it is exceedingly difficult to separate individual hydrocarbon in pure form",[14] and "it is almost impossible to separate and identify all the different molecules of asphalt, because the number of molecules with different chemical structure is extremely large".[15]
Most natural bitumens contain sulfur and several heavy metals, such as nickel, vanadium, lead, chromium, mercury, arsenic, selenium, and other toxic elements. Bitumens can provide good preservation of plants and animal fossils.
Asphalt/bitumen can sometimes be confused with "tar", which is a similar black, thermoplastic material produced by the destructive distillation of coal. During the early and mid-20th century when town gas was produced, tar was a readily available product and extensively used as the binder for road aggregates. The addition of tar to macadam roads led to the word tarmac, which is now used in common parlance to refer to road-making materials. However, since the 1970s, when natural gas succeeded town gas, asphalt/bitumen has completely overtaken the use of tar in these applications. Other examples of this confusion include the La Brea Tar Pits and the Canadian tar sands. Pitch is another term mistakenly used at times to refer to asphalt/bitumen, as in Pitch Lake.
Asphalt/bitumen can be separated from the other components in crude oil (such as naphtha, gasoline and diesel) by the process of fractional distillation, usually under vacuum conditions. A better separation can be achieved by further processing of the heavier fractions of the crude oil in a de-asphalting unit, which uses either propane or butane in a supercritical phase to dissolve the lighter molecules which are then separated. Further processing is possible by "blowing" the product: namely reacting it with oxygen. This makes the product harder and more viscous.
Asphalt/bitumen is typically stored and transported at temperatures around 150°C (300°F). Sometimes diesel oil or kerosene are mixed in before shipping to retain liquidity; upon delivery, these lighter materials are separated out of the mixture. This mixture is often called "bitumen feedstock", or BFS. Some dump trucks route the hot engine exhaust through pipes in the dump body to keep the material warm. The backs of tippers carrying asphalt/bitumen, as well as some handling equipment, are also commonly sprayed with a releasing agent before filling to aid release. Diesel oil is no longer used as a release agent due to environmental concerns.
Geological origin
Naturally occurring deposits of asphalt/bitumen are formed from the remains of ancient, microscopic algae (diatoms) and other once-living things. These remains were deposited in the mud on the bottom of the ocean or lake where the organisms lived. Under the heat (above 50°C) and pressure of burial deep in the earth, the remains were transformed into materials such as asphalt/bitumen, kerogen, or petroleum. Deposits at the La Brea Tar Pits are an example.
Natural deposits of asphalt/bitumen include lakes such as the Pitch Lake in Trinidad and Tobago and Lake Bermudez in Venezuela. Natural seeps of asphalt/bitumen occur in the La Brea Tar Pits and in the Dead Sea.
Asphalt/bitumen also occurs as impregnated sandstones known as bituminous rock and the similar "tar sands" such as in Athabasca, Canada and Utah, USA. The Athabasca tar sands are located in the McMurray Formation, Alberta. This Formation is of early Cretaceous age, and is composed of numerous lenses of oil-bearing sand with up to 20% oil.[16] Isotopic studies attribute the oil deposits to be about 110 Ma old.[17] Heavy oil or bitumen deposits also occur in the Uinta Basin in Utah, USA. The Tar Sand Triangle deposit, for example, is roughly 6% bitumen.[16]
Asphalt/bitumen occurs in hydrothermal veins. An example of this is within the Uinta Basin of Utah, USA, where there is a swarm of laterally and vertically extensive veins composed of a solid hydrocarbon termed Gilsonite. These veins formed by the polymerisation and solidification of hydrocarbons that were mobilized from the deeper oil shales of the Green River Formation during burial and diagenesis.[18]
There are structural similarities between asphalt/bitumen and the organic matter in carbonaceous meteorites.[19] However, detailed studies have shown these materials to be distinct.[20]
The use of asphalt/bitumen for waterproofing and as an adhesive dates at least to the fifth millennium B.C. in the early Indus community of Mehrgarh, where it was used to line the baskets in which they gathered crops.[21]
In the ancient Middle East, the Sumerians used natural asphalt/bitumen deposits for mortar between bricks and stones, to cement parts of carvings, such as eyes, into place, for ship caulking, and for waterproofing.[5] The Greek historian Herodotus said hot asphalt/bitumen was used as mortar in the walls of Babylon.[22]
In some versions of the Book of Genesis in the Bible, the name of the substance used to bind the bricks of the Tower of Babel is translated as bitumen (see Gen 11:3), while other translations use the word pitch. A one-kilometre tunnel beneath the river Euphrates at Babylon in the time of Queen Semiramis (ca. 800 B.C.) was reportedly constructed of burnt bricks covered with asphalt/bitumen as a waterproofing agent.[23]
Asphalt/bitumen was used by ancient Egyptians to embalm mummies.[5][24] The Persian word for asphalt is moom, which is related to the English word mummy. The Egyptians' primary source of asphalt/bitumen was the Dead Sea, which the Romans knew as Palus Asphaltites (Asphalt Lake).
Approximately 40 AD, Dioscorides described the Dead Sea material as Judaicum bitumen, and noted other places in the region where it could be found:
"The Judaicum Bitumen is better than others; that is reckoned the best, which doth shine like purple, being of a strong scent & weightie, but the black and fowle is naught for it is adulterated with Pitch mixed with it. It growes in Phoenice also, and in Sidon, & in Babylon, & in Zacynthum. It is found also moyst swimming upon wells in the country of the Agrigentines of Sicilie, which they use for lamps instead of oyle, and which they call falsely Sicilian oyle, for it is a kinde of moyst Bitumen."[25]
The Sidon bitumen is thought to refer to asphalt/bitumen found at Hasbeya.[26] Pliny refers also to asphalt/bitumen being found in Epirus. It was a valuable strategic resource; the object of the first known battle for a hydrocarbon deposit, between the Seleucids and the Nabateans in 312 B.C.[27]
In the ancient Far East, natural asphalt/bitumen was slowly boiled to get rid of the higher fractions, leaving a material of higher molecular weight which is thermoplastic and when layered on objects, became quite hard upon cooling. This was used to cover objects that needed waterproofing,[5] such as scabbards and other items. Statuettes of household deities were also cast with this type of material in Japan, and probably also in China.
In North America, archaeological recovery has indicated asphalt/bitumen was sometimes used to adhere stone projectile points to wooden shafts.[28]
Early use in Europe
The Greek fire, which composition was a military secret of the Byzantine navy, contained, among other things, asphalt/bitumen as a component. 100 years after the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Pierre Belon described in his work Observations in 1553 that pissasphalto a mixture of pitch and bitumen was used in Dubrovnik for tarring of ships from where it was exported to a market place in Venice where it could be bought by anyone.[29] An 1838 edition of Mechanics Magazine cites an early use of asphalt in France. A pamphlet dated 1621, by "a certain Monsieur d'Eyrinys, states that he had discovered the existence (of asphaltum) in large quantities in the vicinity of Neufchatel", and that he proposed to use it in a variety of ways - "principally in the construction of air-proof granaries, and in protecting, by means of the arches, the water-courses in the city of Paris from the intrusion of dirt and filth", which at that time made the water unusable. "He expatiates also on the excellence of this material for forming level and durable terraces" in palaces, "the notion of forming such terraces in the streets not one likely to cross the brain of a Parisian of that generation".[30] But it was generally neglected in France until the revolution of 1830. Then, in the 1830s, there was a surge of interest, and asphalt became widely used "for pavements, flat roofs, and the lining of cisterns, and in England, some use of it had been made of it for similar purposes". Its rise in Europe was "a sudden phenomenon", after natural deposits were found "in France at Osbann (BasRhin), the Parc (l'Ain) and the Puy-de-la-Poix (Puy-de-Dome)", although it could also be made artificially.[31] One of the earliest uses in France was the laying of about 24,000 square yards of Seyssel asphalt at the Place de la Concorde in 1835.[32]
Asphalt/bitumen was used in early photographic technology. In 1826 or 1827, it was used by French scientist Joseph Nicéphore Niépce to make the oldest surviving photograph from nature. The asphalt/bitumen was thinly coated onto a pewter plate which was then exposed in a camera. Exposure to light hardened the asphalt/bitumen and made it insoluble, so that when it was subsequently rinsed with a solvent only the sufficiently light-struck areas remained. Many hours of exposure in the camera were required, making asphalt/bitumen impractical for ordinary photography, but from the 1850s to the 1920s it was in common use as a photoresist in the production of printing plates for various photomechanical printing processes.[33][34]
Asphalt/bitumen was the nemesis of many artists during the 19th century. Although widely used for a time, it ultimately proved unstable for use in oil painting, especially when mixed with the most common dilutents, such as linseed oil, varnish and turpentine. Unless thoroughly diluted, asphalt/bitumen never fully solidifies and will in time corrupt the other pigments with which it comes into contact. The use of asphalt/bitumen as a glaze to set in shadow or mixed with other colours to render a darker tone resulted in the eventual deterioration of a good many paintings, those of Delacroix being just one notable example. Perhaps the most famous example of the destructiveness of asphalt/bitumen is Théodore Géricault's Raft of the Medusa (1818-1819), where his use of asphalt/bitumen caused the brilliant colors to degenerate into dark greens and blacks and the paint and canvas to buckle.
Early use in the United Kingdom
Among the earlier uses of asphalt/bitumen in the United Kingdom was for etching. William Salmon's Polygraphice (1673) provides a recipe for varnish used in etching, consisting of three ounces of virgin wax, two ounces of mastic, and one ounce of asphaltum.[35] By the fifth edition in 1685, he had included more asphaltum recipes from other sources.[36]
The first British patent for the use of asphalt/bitumen was Cassell's patent asphalte or bitumen' in 1834.[31] Then on 25 November 1837, Richard Tappin Claridge patented the use of Seyssel asphalt (patent #7849), for use in asphalte pavement,[37][38] having seen it employed in France and Belgium when visiting with Frederick Walter Simms, who worked with him on the introduction of asphalt to Britain.[39][40] Dr T. Lamb Phipson claims that his father, Samuel Ryland Phipson, a friend of Claridge, was also "instrumental in introducing the asphalte pavement (in 1836)".[41] Indeed, mastic pavements had been previously employed at Vauxhall by a competitor of Claridge, but without success.[32]
In 1838, Claridge obtained patents in Scotland on 27 March, and Ireland on 23 April, and in 1851 extensions were sought for all three patents, by the trustees of a company previously formed by Claridge.[31][42][43][44] This was Claridge's Patent Asphalte Company, formed in 1838 for the purpose of introducing to Britain "Asphalte in its natural state from the mine at Pyrimont Seysell in France",[45] and "laid one of the first asphalt pavements in Whitehall".[46] Trials were made of the pavement in 1838 on the footway in Whitehall, the stable at Knightsbridge Barracks,[45][47] "and subsequently on the space at the bottom of the steps leading from Waterloo Place to St. James Park".[47] "The formation in 1838 of Claridge's Patent Asphalte Company (with a distinguished list of aristocratic patrons, and Marc and Isambard Brunel as, respectively, a trustee and consulting engineer), gave an enormous impetus to the development of a British asphalt industry".[43] "By the end of 1838, at least two other companies, Robinson's and the Bastenne company, were in production",[48] with asphalt being laid as paving at Brighton, Herne Bay, Canterbury, Kensington, the Strand, and a large floor area in Bunhill-row, while meantime Claridge's Whitehall paving "continue(d) in good order".[49]
Indeed in 1838, there was a flurry of entrepreneurial activity over asphalt/bitumen, which had uses beyond paving. For example, asphalt could also used for flooring, damp proofing in buildings, and for waterproofing of various types of pools and baths, with these latter themselves proliferating in the 19th century.[5][31][50] On the London stockmarket, there were various claims as to the exclusivity of asphalt quality from France, Germany and England. And numerous patents were granted in France, with similar numbers of patent applications being denied in England due to their similarity to each other. In England, "Claridge's was the type most used in the 1840s and 50s"[48]
In 1914, Claridge's Company entered into a joint venture to produce tar-bound macadam,[51] with materials manufactured through a subsidiary company called Clarmac Roads Ltd.[52] Two products resulted, namely Clarmac, and Clarphalte, with the former being manufactured by Clarmac Roads and the latter by Claridge's Patent Asphalte Co., although Clarmac was more widely used.[53][note 1] However, the First World War impacted financially on the Clarmac Company, which entered into liquidation in 1915.[55][56] The failure of Clarmac Roads Ltd had a flow-on effect to Claridge's Company, which was itself compulsorily wound up,[57] ceasing operations in 1917,[58][59] having invested a substantial amount of funds into the new venture, both at the outset,[57] and in a subsequent attempt to save the Clarmac Company.[55]
Early use in the United States
The first use of asphalt/bitumen in the New World was by indigenous peoples. On the west coast, as early as the 13th century, the Tongva, Luiseño and Chumash peoples collected the naturally occurring asphalt/bitumen that seeped to the surface above underlying petroleum deposits. All three used the substance as an adhesive. It is found on many different artifacts of tools and ceremonial items. For example, it was used on rattles to adhere gourds or turtle shells to rattle handles. It was also used in decorations. Small round shell beads were often set in asphaltum to provide decorations. It was used as a sealant on baskets to make them watertight for carrying water. Asphaltum was used also to seal the planks on ocean-going canoes.
Roads in the US have been paved with materials that include asphalt/bitumen since at least 1870, when a street in front of the Newark, NJ City Hall was paved. In many cases, these early pavings were made from naturally occurring "bituminous rock", such as at Ritchie Mines in Macfarlan in Ritchie County, West Virginia from 1852 to 1873. In 1876, asphalt-based paving was used to pave Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, DC, in time for the celebration of the national centennial.[60] Asphalt/bitumen was also used for flooring, paving and waterproofing of baths and swimming pools during the early 20th century, following similar trends in Europe.[50]
Modern use
Rolled asphalt concrete
Main article: Asphalt concrete
The largest use of asphalt/bitumen is for making asphalt concrete for road surfaces and accounts for approximately 85% of the asphalt consumed in the United States. Asphalt concrete pavement material is commonly composed of 5% asphalt/bitumen cement and 95% aggregates (stone, sand, and gravel). Due to its highly viscous nature, asphalt/bitumen cement must be heated so it can be mixed with the aggregates at the asphalt mixing plant. There are about 4,000 asphalt concrete mixing plants in the U.S., and a similar number in Europe.[61]
Asphalt concrete road surface is the most widely recycled material in the U.S., both by gross tonnage and by percentage. According to an industry survey conducted by the Federal Highway Administration and the National Asphalt Pavement Association and released in 2011, more than 99% of the asphalt removed each year from road surfaces during widening and resurfacing projects is reused as part of new pavements, roadbeds, shoulders and embankments.[62]
Roofing shingles account for most of the remaining asphalt/bitumen consumption. Other uses include cattle sprays, fence-post treatments, and waterproofing for fabrics.
Asphalt concrete paving is widely used in airports around the world. Due to the sturdiness and ability to be repaired quickly, it is widely used for runways dedicated to aircraft landing and taking off.
Mastic asphalt
Mastic asphalt is a type of asphalt which differs from dense graded asphalt (asphalt concrete) in that it has a higher asphalt/bitumen (binder) content, usually around 7–10% of the whole aggregate mix, as opposed to rolled asphalt concrete, which has only around 5% added asphalt/bitumen. This thermoplastic substance is widely used in the building industry for waterproofing flat roofs and tanking underground. Mastic asphalt is heated to a temperature of 210 °C (410 °F) and is spread in layers to form an impervious barrier about 20 millimeters (0.8 in) thick.
Asphalt emulsion
A number of technologies allow asphalt/bitumen to be mixed at much lower temperatures. These involve mixing with petroleum solvents to form "cutbacks" with reduced melting point, or mixtures with water to turn the asphalt/bitumen into an emulsion. Asphalt emulsions contain up to 70% asphalt/bitumen and typically less than 1.5% chemical additives. There are two main types of emulsions with different affinity for aggregates, cationic and anionic. Asphalt emulsions are used in a wide variety of applications. Chipseal involves spraying the road surface with asphalt emulsion followed by a layer of crushed rock, gravel or crushed slag. Slurry seal involves the creation of a mixture of asphalt emulsion and fine crushed aggregate that is spread on the surface of a road. Cold-mixed asphalt can also be made from asphalt emulsion to create pavements similar to hot-mixed asphalt, several inches in depth and asphalt emulsions are also blended into recycled hot-mix asphalt to create low-cost pavements.
Asphalt/bitumen is used to make Japan black, a lacquer known especially for its use on iron and steel. Asphalt/bitumen also is used in paint and marker inks by some graffiti supply companies (primarily Molotow) to increase the weather resistance and permanence of the paint and/or ink, and to make the color much darker. Asphalt/bitumen is also used to seal some alkaline batteries during the manufacturing process.
Petroleum production, alternatives and bioasphalt
Main articles: Peak oil, Global warming and Bioasphalt
Naturally occurring crude Asphalt/bitumen impregnated in sedimentary rock is the prime feed stock for petroleum production from "Oil sands", currently under development in Alberta, Canada. Canada has most of the world's supply of natural asphalt/bitumen, covering 140,000 square kilometres[12] (an area larger than England), giving it the second-largest proven oil reserves in the world. The Athabasca oil sands is the largest asphalt/bitumen deposit in Canada and the only one accessible to surface mining, although recent technological breakthroughs have resulted in deeper deposits becoming producible by in situ methods. Because of oil price increases since 2003, upgrading bitumen to synthetic crude oil has become highly profitable. As of 2006, Canadian crude asphalt/bitumen production averaged about 1.1 million barrels (170,000 m3) per day and was projected to rise to 4.4 million barrels (700,000 m3) per day by 2020.[13] The total amount of crude asphalt/bitumen in Alberta which could be extracted is estimated to be about 310 billion barrels (50×10^9 m3),[63] which at a rate of 4,400,000 barrels per day (700,000 m3/d) would last about 200 years.
Certain activist groups have become increasingly concerned about the global peak oil and climate change problem in recent years due to byproducts released into the atmosphere. Most of the emissions are derived primarily from burning fossil fuels. This has led to the introduction of petroleum alternatives, such as bioasphalt, that are more environmentally friendly and less toxic.
Asphalt/bitumen can now be made from nonpetroleum-based renewable resources such as sugar, molasses and rice, corn and potato starches. Asphalt/bitumen can also be made from waste material by fractional distillation of used motor oils, which is sometimes disposed by burning or dumping into landfills. Nonpetroleum-based asphalt/bitumen binders can be made light-colored. Lighter-colored roads absorb less heat from solar radiation, and have less surface heat than darker surfaces, reducing their contribution to the urban heat island effect.[64]
Asphalt solar collector
International Grooving & Grinding Association
Bioasphalt
Asphaltene
Bitumen-based fuel
Bituminous coal
Bituminous rocks
Pitch (resin)
Sealcoat
Stamped asphalt
Barth, Edwin J., Asphalt: Science and Technology Gordon and Breach (1962). ISBN 0-677-00040-5.
Commons has media related to Bitumen.
Commons has media related to Asphalt.
Look up asphalt in , the free dictionary.
International Chemical Safety Card 0612
Pavement Interactive - Asphalt
Asphalt Magazine
CSU Sacramento, The World Famous Asphalt Museum!
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health - Asphalt Fumes
Molecular dynamics, University of Utah, Ethane, Acronym, Force field (chemistry)
Concrete, Ice, O'Hare International Airport, Chennai, Aircraft

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


On February 11, CaSIG will be hosting our very first MEET THE FOUNDER event on campus with Jobelle Gacuya of HMNTY. This is a great opportunity for all students to network, ask questions, learn about business and social innovation. Please take advantage – there will be food of course 😋. Space is limited so please RSVP here.
Want to add, edit, or critique? Always welcome – contact us here.
The amazing folks at WeUp are looking for an intern! Full details are below.
For anything described that you have not done before, training will be provided.
If interested in this role please send an email to socialImpact@weuptheworld.com with the subject (i.e. Subject: Social Media Marketing Internship). Also attach your resume and a brief description about why you are interested in the role, how the role will complement your career goals, how many hrs/per week you can dedicate to the internship and when you would be able to start as an intern; MONTH/DAY/YR.
All internships with WeUp will allow the flexibility of working remotely and for academic credit.
If the aforementioned role is not in alignment with your current career goals please feel free to pass along and share with a friend or someone in your network that you think may be interested.


text:
Tag Archives: United Nations
Tory criticism of UN report on UK social housing policies
12/09/2013 Liberties, Welfarebedroom tax, government, United NationsPeter Nicholls
You would be hard pressed to have missed the controversy that Raquel Rolnik, UN special rapporteur on adequate housing, seems to have caused on her mission to examine the effects of the bedroom tax on the people of the UK.
Grant Shapps, chairman of the Conservative Party (or 'Michael Green', or whatever he is calling himself today) made assertions on the morning of 11th September that:
Raquel wasn't invited by the government;
she didn't visit government offices;
and she did not use the proper terms for government policies.
These points were proved wrong by the afternoon in Raquel Rolnik's press statement. In no uncertain terms.
I have been following the detail of the "tax" since the beginning; I have read her report (linked above); I have heard the governments petulant response. Far be it from me to call Right Honourable Members of Parliament liars, or even to accuse them of untruths. But let's look at the UN statement.
Uninvited?
At the top of her report, Raquel says, "From 29 August to 11 September 2013, I undertook an official visit to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland at the invitation of the Government."
Round One: Raquel (of the UN).
Ignored Government?
Straight away the report say, "I wish to start this statement by expressing my gratitude to the various Government Departments, for the cooperation and hospitality extended to us during the organization and throughout the development of this fact-finding visit. "
Pretty clear. But just incase you were still in any doubt:
"I have had the opportunity to meet with numerous Government officials, including some Ministers. In England I met with the Department for Communities and Local Government, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Justice, the Department of Work and Pensions, the Homes and Communities Agency, the Department for International Development and the Manchester City Council. I also met with officials from the Department of Housing and Regeneration from the Welsh Government.
"In Scotland, I met with the Scottish Government, including the Housing Services and Regeneration, the Housing Supply, the Homelessness and Equality Policy Departments; and with the Scottish National Housing authorities and Planning and Architecture Division. In Northern Ireland, I had the opportunity to meet with the Department for Social Development, and with the Northern Ireland Housing Executive."
Round Two: Raquel (of the UN). Not looking as if the government are being all that honest so far. So now on to:
Proper Terms?
Of all the criticism of their housing policy, this seems to be the one that riles them the most. It goes something along the lines of, "It's not called the bedroom tax! It's called the 'Under occupancy penalty' (sometimes they say it's a charge or reduction.) We didn't call it a tax, so it's not a tax!" An so on, ad hominem.
Firstly, let's look at the direct point: did she use the 'correct terms'?
"Especially worrisome in this package is the so-called "bedroom tax", or the spare bedroom under occupancy penalty."
So, she did use the term 'bedroom tax'! Hang on though, she prefaces it with "so-called" and then goes on to use its Government sanctioned name. (It get's petty doesn't it when the government dismiss your criticism because you use the wrong name, even if it is politically charged name.) Shapps' complaint to the UN secretary general will come to nothing because he doesn't have a leg to stand on.
Now for the detail of what this policy is regardless of its name.
The amounts of so-called "subsidy" removed from a persons benefit are not negligible to those on benefit, as it in many cases it amounts to a reduction of around 35% of what is a very small income.
Shockingly, the Government policy seems to be about efficient reallocation of housing resource on a national scale, moving people and families around like a theoretical big puzzle to be solved with zero regard for family, social or community ties, responsibilities, suitability, job availability, and children's education, together with the upheaval caused and the Scarce provision of small properties at affordable rents.
The policy treats people inhumanly on every level possible. She is right to point out that the basic human right to affordable shelter "is not at any cost" – the cost being that which I outlined above – and the government has a duty under human rights laws not to retrograde its provisions in meeting the law, but to seek ways to always improve.
Let's be clear. A right under law isn't self entitlement, it is a right. And all have a right to affordable shelter, something that doesnt exist in this country. Society through the structures of the rule of law and government must always make sure those less well off are looked after as right, and not as charity, for it we are all peers, and should be dignified with rights as opposed to begging or being left destitute.
However, one thing remains true, and no amount of government bluster and spite can alter basic logic.
A penalty that is unavoidable by most is a tax by any other name.


There are 287 top-rated roofing contractors in your area.
Business Description: Additional contact: Daniel Connell.
Business Description: The hardest part of any project is choosing the right contractor for the job; you can be confident when choosing All Weather Exteriors , you're making an intelligent , educated decision. We have taken our 20+ years of experience to create a truly exceptional company that is focused on education and customer service . Our long standing relationships , affiliations & accreditation s with today's top manufactures; many of which offer comprehensive & lifetime warranties; allow us to offer a wide range of product solutions for our clients with professional installation. Our professionals will handle your project from beginning to completion to help make your project as effortless as possible.. Ask one of our representatives today , what we can do to help you?
Business Description: Save more money, be more comfy. Prepare for rough weather while making your home look great all year round with Serpa Construction. Based in Rockland since 2005, we offer repairs and replacement of siding, gutters, roofs, windows, and doors for homes throughout Massachusetts. We can replace a few shingles or your entire roof, plus install windows, gutters, siding, and storm doors. A strong roof is your best defense against the elements, properly fitting doors and windows prevent drafts, gutters direct rain off your roof. Our bilingual crew (English and Portuguese) will work closely with you, your schedule, and your budget to make your home both strong and stylish. Interested?
Business Description: We are a roofing and siding company for residential and commercial call us today for safe and reliable workers and as always we provide a free in-home estimate. Visit our website to get pre-approved for financing today!
Business Description: OWNER-OPERATED. USES SUBS FOR LARGE JOB. COST IS DETERMINED BY THE JOB. TRAVEL CHARGES MAY APPLY. EXTRA CHARGE FOR AFTER-HOURS SERVICE MAY APPLY. DO NOT CONTACT THROUGH EMAIL.
Pyramid Roofing did a great job on our roof. The proposal was prompt, clear and descriptive. The price was very reasonable and came along with expanded warranties for both the product and installation due to their GAF Master Elite certification. The work ethic shown by Shawn and his team is something you rarely see nowadays! Pete, the team leader, and his crew were awesome! They were polite, professional, organized, and very experienced. The crew moved all objects and planters on our deck, etc., covered shrubs and such with tarps and the clean-up was exacting. They ran magnets over everything including the lawns to make sure all nails were removed. Pete took the time to explain what and why certain procedures were being done especially some work needed to fix incorrectly installed (by previous roofers) plywood at the ridge and also need for new chimney collar. Everything (except the weather) went smoothly without a hitch from initial materials delivery to debris removal. Due to rain the job was started on Tuesday and completed on Friday. Pete and the crew made absolutely sure that that roof was watertight at end of 1st day until they were able to finish the job. The new lead flashing they put around the chimney was expertly done and looks great. Truly did an outstanding job and the roof looks great. To tell the truth, you are going to see much of the same type of comments in review after review. So, to conclude, I'll echo what others have said: Pyramid is the one to choose for your roof. Excellent price, excellent service, excellent results! As it is often said, "You get what you pay for" and with Pyramid Roofing, you really will get what you pay for.
I was very pleased with the level of communication that Micheal Wright provided before we signed our contract. He and his team kept me updated as the work progressed and they were very responsive to my input. He included several additional items which I requested in the contract and delivered on those as well as additional needs that I requested as the work proceeded. I was very impressed with the speed and professionalism of his team. I would most certainly use them again and heartily recommend them for roofing work.
I am a frequent user of Angie���s list, but have not taken the time to write reviews. With the completion of our new roof, I have to share the wonderful experience we had with Pyramid Roofing. I did my homework and contacted several roofers, got estimates, checked reviews, and considered each Better Business Bureau score. Pyramid Roofing received an A+, and their reviews were excellent. The owner of the company, Shawn, went over the contract in detail, highlighting all the materials, and when I had questions, returned my calls within 15 minutes. Pete was in charge of replacing our roof. He answered all my questions and mapped out the locations where they would be working daily. Because I have a dog, that was important to me, so I could take her out without being in their way. I was dreading the noise, mess, etc. as we have replaced a roof on a previous house. Not only did Pyramid finish ahead of schedule, but I was impressed with how they protected all the windows, shrubs, and mulch with tarps from the roof to the area in front of the mulch. They placed a piece of plywood over each glass door and window. They took their time each day and were considerate about leaving the grounds in better shape than when they arrived. They used a leaf blower to clean up nightly, and also a magnetic tool that would locate any stray nails in the grass and driveway. Because they completed the job as the sun was setting, they cleaned up the grounds, and even returned early the following day to confirm they left our house in great shape. Working with Shawn, Pete and the crew, the experience couldn���t have gone better. From start to finish, the job was completed in a professional and efficient manner.
After I chose Pyramid Roofing its owner, Shawn Schwotzer, came to my house to review what was proposed in the contract,when the work would start, how long it would take, the name of the lead man in the crew and told me to call him at any time if there was a problem while the men did their work. First, a large dumpster was brought to the house. The next day the crew arrived and the lead man introduced himself and his crew. He explained exactly what was to be done that day. Before the crew began removing the old shingles they arranged tarps from the roof's overhang to the ground to catch all of the debris and protect the house and shrubs. The crew worked very efficiently. One of them frequently gathered up all of the debris and put it into the dumpster. At the end of the day they finished collecting the remaining debris and put in the dumpster. They then took down the tarps and ladders and placed them in the back of the yard out of sight. Then they went over the driveway and lawn with magnets to pick up any overlooked nails. They did this each day until the work was completed. On the last day the crew chief had me walk around the perimeter of the house with him to show me what had been done and to make sure I was satisfied. I was. Very. I have recommended Pyramid Roofing to others since that time and will continue to do so.
The job started exactly on the projected date and took four long days to complete - just as expected. The crew was outstanding. They were conscientious, courteous and professional in every way. The protection for the house and grounds was meticulous and the post work cleanup was stellar. Highly recommend!
Workers were polite, professional and neat. The owner was easily accessible throughout the entire process. It looks great! The neighbors are already asking about our experience with this company. We recommend them highly.
Pete and his crew did an amazing job. This is the second time I've used Pyramid roofing in the last six years. They also did my summer camp. Both times the work was excellent. Would highly recommend PYRAMID ROOFING.
It went great, beginning with Derek temporarily patching the roof before the biggest snow storm of the season, to prevent any leaks prior to being able to schedule the job. Once scheduled, they arrived on time on the scheduled day. Derek and a crew of 5 completed the job in just over 1 day, including all new plywood on the original part of the house, which was warping and de-laminating This was an issue with the original contractor, not Derek. None of the plants or shrubs around the house had any damage because, they had draped the entire house in netting, to protect them from all of the old roofing material which they removed. They also cleaned all the gutters, and installed new gutter guards for us. They spent about 3 hours cleaning up after the job, including 3 or 4 sweeps with a large magnetic bar on wheels, which picked up most of the nails. Other than the new roof, you wouldn't know that they had been there. They were a pleasure to do business with.
The first 100 yards was pre-paid via Angie's List ( $1.49 / yard ) The rest they charged $3 dollars ( doubled ) ; plus they did not give me a quote only after the service was done. Plus in many spots there was nothing to be done but they charged me anyway.


• A wraparound porch contributes to the home's Southern feel.
• The plan includes a ground floor garage and a first floor living space.
• In the kitchen, an island contains a cooktop and space for casual dining.
• The master bedroom and two secondary ones share the upstairs.
• A convenient laundry room is located near the bedrooms.


Hip fractures—usually the result of a fall—are among the most common injuries we see in patients who come to West Ridge for rehabilitation. After a partial or total hip-replacement surgery, it can be difficult to get back into the swing of everyday life. But West Ridge's experienced rehabilitation team can help patients get back on their feet and regain independence.
While people of all ages and genders can suffer a hip fracture, a variety of factors put elderly women at the greatest risk for this type of injury. Mayo Clinic estimates 70% of all hip fractures occur in women, mostly over the age of 50. One reason is because women have a lower bone density than men and are more prone to osteoporosis—perhaps the greatest risk factor of all.
Still, hip fractures are not exclusive to women. Many aspects of aging put both men and women at risk of breaking or displacing a hip. In both genders, bone density decreases after the age of 30—this loss can be accelerated by a decrease in hormone levels (estrogen in women and testosterone in men). Changes to eyesight, certain medications, and a natural decline in balance and coordination also increase the risk of falling, and thus, fracturing a hip.
An active lifestyle that includes balance training and moderate weight-bearing exercises like walking increases strength and overall health, helping to prevent falls. It also helps maintain peak bone density longer.
Calcium and vitamin D are essential to good bone health. On top of a calcium-rich diet and getting plenty of sunshine, vitamins and dietary supplements can help ensure that you get the nutrients your body needs.
We all know that smoking is detrimental to lung health, but we don't often think of the damage it causes to our bones. Smoking not only interferes with the body's ability to absorb calcium and use vitamin D, it lowers estrogen levels in both men and women, and discourages exercise—all factors that increase the risk of bone loss.
Alcohol also impacts bone loss, but more importantly, drinking can impact balance and coordination, blur vision and decrease inhibitions, drastically increasing the risk of falling.
Physical therapy often begins the day after surgery while patients are still in the hospital. Before being discharged, a doctor can help determine whether an outpatient program or rehabilitation at a skilled care facility is the best course of action.
At a skilled care center like West Ridge, rehabilitation includes physical therapy and occupational therapy to help patients adjust back to everyday life while they recover. West Ridge's rehabilitation team also includes registered dietitians who help patients plan their meals and make improvements to their diet.
If you or a loved one are seeking rehabilitative treatment in a skilled care facility after a hip fracture, email or call us at (319) 390-3367 to learn more about our capabilities, meet our staff or schedule a tour of our facilities.


The Art Department firmly believes that art is a vehicle for creativity and personal expression. Our aim is to foster an interest in art in all students, and to enable them to develop technical skills, knowledge, sensitivity and understanding, in order to visually express themselves. We aim to foster an appreciation of Art within society and in various cultures, in both a historical and contemporary context. Art education provides a unique way of knowing and interpreting the world and our experience of it. Art is part of our culture and is a civilizing, enriching and humanising experience.


text:
Enfu: Cute Grit
By Ken Taya
Each copy has been sketched in, signed, and hand-embossed by Enfu.
It's adorable, explosive and has more chibis than an Akihabara game store.
Welcome to the whimsical world of Cute Grit, the digitally rendered pop art debut by video game developer and artist Enfu. Comprised of over 1,000 illustrations, this fantastical collection explores the intersections between video games, art and the Asian American experience through the lens of Enfu's wild, east-meets-west style.
Favorite game villains, cartoon characters, icons and cityscapes come alive in a digital universe where Enfu unites the foreign and familiar in a warped, yet adorable world.
Ken "Enfu" Taya is a Japanese American graphic artist whose work includes video games, illustrations and bilingual comics.
Enfu makes his living in the video game industry as a developer for titles such as Halo 3, and Scribblenauts Unmasked, among others.
His pop art illustrations can be seen in stores and restaurants across the Pacific Northwest (including right here in the Penny Arcade offices). Enfu lives in Bellevue, Washington, with his wife and daughter.


text:
Q: DTO Query with JPA CriteriaQuery and Hibernate using entity as a DTO constructor creates many selects hibernate 5.2.10.Final
jpa 2.1
I want to map a projection query to a DTO (Data Transfer Object) with JPA Criteria Query and Hibernate. I specify a constructor that will be applied to the results of the query execution.
If the constructor is for entire entity class, I have multiple of selects instead one(it is a long running process for thousands of records). If the constructor is for a set of params of the Entity then I see only one select in the console. I can't understand where I've mistaken or is it a bug?
public class ServiceDAO {

      public List<ServicesDTO> getAllServicesByFilter(ServicesFilter filter) {

          CriteriaBuilder cb = entityManager.getCriteriaBuilder();
          CriteriaQuery<ServicesDTO> criteria = cb.createQuery(ServicesDTO.class);
          Root<ServicesEntity> serviceEntity = criteria.from(ServicesEntity.class);

          // here is only one select to get list of services
          criteria.select(cb.construct(ServicesDTO.class, serviceEntity.get("active"), serviceEntity.get("providerId"), serviceEntity.get("serviceId")));

          // in this case I have multiple selects
          //criteria.select(cb.construct(ServicesDTO.class, serviceEntity));
          if(filter != null) {
             List<Predicate> pcl = new ArrayList<Predicate>();

             if(filter.getActive() != null)
                pcl.add(cb.equal(serviceEntity.get("active"), filter.getActive()));
             if(filter.getProviderId() != null)
                pcl.add(cb.equal(serviceEntity.get("providerId"), filter.getProviderId()));
             if(filter.getServiceId() != null)
                pcl.add(cb.equal(serviceEntity.get("serviceId"), filter.getServiceId()));

             criteria.where(pcl.toArray(new Predicate[pcl.size()]));
          }

          return entityManager.createQuery(criteria).getResultList();
      }

}

-
public class ServicesDTO implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private Boolean active;
    private Integer providerId;
    private Integer serviceId;

    public ServicesDTO() {}

    public ServicesDTO(Boolean active, String providerId, Integer serviceId) {

         this.active = active;
         this.providerId = Integer.parseInt(providerId);
         this.serviceId = serviceId;
    }

    public ServicesDTO(ServicesEntity service) {

       if(service != null) {
           this.active = service.isActive();
           this.providerId = Integer.parseInt(service.getProviderId());
           this.serviceId = service.getServiceId();
       }

    // getters & setters

}

-
@Entity
@Table
public class ServicesEntity {

   @Id
   @Column(name = "id", unique = true)
   @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
   private Long id;

   @Column(name = "serviceId", nullable = false)
   private int serviceId;

   @Column(nullable = false)
   private String providerId;

   @ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.LAZY)
   @JoinColumn(name="categoryId")
   private Categories categoryId;

   private boolean active;

   @OneToMany(fetch = FetchType.LAZY, mappedBy = "service", cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
   private List<Service_Area_Ref> areas = new ArrayList<Service_Area_Ref>();

   @ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.LAZY, optional = true)
   @JoinColumn(name="parentCatId")
   private Categories parentCatId;

   public ServicesEntity() {}

   public ServicesEntity(int serviceId) {
       this.serviceId = serviceId;
   }

   // getters & setters

   // equals & hashcode

}

A: Yea, so it does. There is probably not much of a use case for that. Given
@Entity
public class A {
    @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Integer id;
    private Integer value;

public class ADto {
    private Integer va;

    public ADto(A a) {
        this.va = a.getValue();
    }
    public ADto(Integer va) {
        this.va = va;
    }

Then
tx.begin();

A a1 = new A();
a1.setValue(1);
A a2 = new A();
a1.setValue(2);
em.persist(a1);
em.persist(a2);

tx.commit();

em.clear();

System.out.println("As usual");
em.createQuery("select new dto.ADto(a.value) from A a where a.value <= 2", ADto.class).getResultList();

System.out.println("As A");
em.createQuery("select new dto.ADto(a) from A a where a.value <= 2", ADto.class).getResultList();

gives you
create table A (id integer generated by default as identity (start with 1), value integer, primary key (id))
create table B (id integer generated by default as identity (start with 1), value integer, primary key (id))
insert into A (id, value) values (default, ?)
insert into A (id, value) values (default, ?)
As usual
select a0_.value as col_0_0_ from A a0_ where a0_.value<=2
As A
select a0_.id as col_0_0_ from A a0_ where a0_.value<=2
select a0_.id as id1_0_0_, a0_.value as value2_0_0_ from A a0_ where a0_.id=?
select a0_.id as id1_0_0_, a0_.value as value2_0_0_ from A a0_ where a0_.id=?

And you don't like the fact that entity A is selected each time for a new ADto instance. It's probably done that way because you could have created a DTO with multiple entities, not just A, like A, B, and C and so how would JPA/Hibernate do that conveniently in a single select statement? While it could select all the attributes and then keep track of which attributes belong to which entities and then construct them and pass them to your DTO so you can deconstruct them that seems like a lot of work for a rare thing. It's probably more efficient and better all around if you select the attributes you want and make a constructor out of whatever that is, as in the first case.

A: I am using Hibernate 5.3 and also encounter this behaviour. But I found that if using JPA Tuple as a DTO container and multiselect, this problem will not happen. So my final solution is use Tuple to query the result set first and then convert it to DTO manually , something likes:
CriteriaQuery<Tuple> criteria = cb.createTupleQuery();

.......

criteria.multiselect(serviceEntity);

List<ServicesDTO>  result = entityManager.createQuery(criteria).getResultList().stream()
.map(t->new ServicesDTO(t.get(0,ServicesEntity.class)))
.collect(toList());

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
NAPA Launches 2nd Annual Get Back & Give Back Campaign for IFHF
ATLANTA, July 1, 2013 /PRNewswire/ — NAPA AUTO PARTS is once again launching its "Get Back and Give Back" Campaign to support the Intrepid Fallen Heroes Fund (IFHF), a not-for-profit organization that serves United States military personnel wounded or injured in service to our nation, and their families. Starting today and running through July, the "Get Back and Give Back" Campaign makes it easy for those interested to contribute to the IFHF, which this year is raising funds to build new facilities focused on the diagnosis and treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Traumatic Brain Injuries.
The "Get Back and Give Back" Campaign will offer a nationwide text-to-donate program during the month, which allows anyone to text 'NAPA' to 27722 to make a $10 donation. NAPA AUTO PARTS and NAPA AutoCare Centers are also offering customers mail-in rebates of up to $25 for every battery, alternator, and starter they purchase during the month. Customers can choose to donate all or a portion of these rebates, and NAPA AUTO PARTS will also donate $1 to the IFHF for any redeemed rebate.
"NAPA has a very large military family, including our employees and our customers who have served or are actively serving in the armed forces," said Gaylord Spencer, VP of Marketing, NAPA AUTO PARTS. "One of our top priorities is ensuring this family has the support it deserves, especially in raising awareness for injuries such as PTSD that are often under funded, unrecognized and untreated. We're proud to once again partner with the IFHF and make it possible for Americans to contribute to the efforts of the IFHF."
NAPA employees will swap out their blue and yellow uniforms for grey IFHF shirts during July to raise awareness for the Fund and the Campaign. The IFHF shirts bear the slogan, "We Believe in Heroes" and will be on sale, along with matching camouflage wristbands, on NAPAonline.com. All proceeds from merchandise sales will go to the IFHF.
One hundred percent of all funds raised during the "Get Back and Give Back" Campaign will go directly to the IFHF. Last year the campaign raised more than $350,000. This year the goal is to raise $1 million. These proceeds will go to the IFHF's goal of raising $100 million to build nine new National Intrepid Center of Excellence (NICoE) Satellite Centers that will be focused on diagnosis and treatment of PTSD and Traumatic Brain Injuries.
For more information about the "Get Back and Give Back" Campaign, visit NAPA AUTO PARTS website (NAPAonline.com), or Facebook page (Facebook.com/NAPAKNOWHOW). To learn more about The Intrepid Fallen Heroes Fund, visit www.FallenHeroesFund.org
About NAPA AUTO PARTS
NAPA (www.NAPAonline.com) was founded in 1925 to meet America's growing need for an auto parts distribution system. Today NAPA has grown to more than 6,000 NAPA AUTO PARTS stores, 64 distribution centers with more than 400,000 part numbers in inventory and more than 13,000 NAPA AutoCare and AutoCare Collision Centers nationwide.
SOURCE NAPA AUTO PARTS
CONTACT: Karl Pawlewicz, 347-775-9915, pr@kppr.co
Web site: http://www.NAPAonline.com
Posted on July 2 2013 in News


India Arie, the four-time Grammy Award winning singer today arrived Nigeria for the 5th edition of Sax Appeal, the biggest jazz concert in the country. Sponsored by Union Bank of Nigeria Plc, the event aims to reach the heart of music lovers around the world by providing quality live performances from talented artistes. It has over the years witnessed live performances from renowned music artistes including Kenny G, Jessy Jay, Yolanda Brown, amongst others.
Headlined by India Arie, other artistes billed to perform at this year's event include Mike Aremu, Praiz and Timi Dakolo.
The event will hold on Sunday, 26 June, 2016 at The Eko Hotel and Suites, Victoria Island, Lagos.


Please refer to our stock # T 1741 when inquiring.
Reply below: Please click image for more info at end of description. Smart animal print tortoise like pattern belt bangle expandable bracelet signed: RL, Polo mark and 93 impressed on what appears to be heavily silver plated "belt end metal part". The 93 could be the style #. 5/8" wide and expands to an oval of 2 1/2" across X 2 1/16". If not happy, please exchange.
REPLY 2/4/14: Light polish will make this shine! Best fit for smallish to medium hand. Please choose the wrist you wish to adorn with this piece, straighten the hand as if a Miss America wave, tuck thumb in, measure widest part (including thumb), if 7 3/4" or less, it should be okay. Suggest slipping over a hand covered with a thin silk scarf.
As coincidence will have it: if you wish this could include a Ralph Lauren green silk remnant of fabric (from the old designing and sewing artwear phase of this biz) to facilitate application. Please click the "Order/Inquire, then fill out the order form to keep a record of your order dialogue. For more info, please call 1 -7 PM EST 978-975-5148 and begin your message, at which time we can begin. Thank you for your interest in this very well priced piece!


Tottenham boss Mauricio Pochettino says it is important to get back to winning ways after his side bounced back from their League Cup final defeat to beat Swansea 3-2.
Ki Sung-yeung cancelled out Nacer Chadli's opener for Spurs before Ryan Mason and Andros Townsend's goals put Tottenham in charge and despite Gylfi Sigurdsson's late strike they hung on for all three points.
Tottenham are now unbeaten in their last nine Premier League home games and stay seventh in the Premier League table.


text:
Also known as the'legislation of nations,' international legislation relates to the possession of area, the immunity of their state and its legal duty in regards to its perform with other states. Additionally, it deals with the conduct towards people and non-citizens within the confines of the state. This includes rights of aliens, teams, refugees, human rights violations, crimes determined globally, programs and problems concerning nationality, and significantly more.
International law attempts to steadfastly keep up great relations and global peace, avoid any armed situations where possible, maintain arms control, ILYA SURKOV itself with environmental problems, communications and place technology; essentially, it really deals with every aspect of legislation on an international degree, from conflicts to the environmental surroundings and every thing in between.
Today, global law looks to stay a paradoxical state. On the one give you can find signs of a loss of its authority, and maybe even signals of their disintegration, while the US ambiguously sometimes violates some of its principles or sets ahead politico-legal justifications by which essential rules would lose their capacity to make behaviour foreseeable.
A primary model would begin to see the paradox as evidence that international legislation should indeed be changing towards a hierarchical program with the US capable of unaccountability towards the top: International law develops in terms of others join themselves or let themselves be afflicted by workouts of political power by the US which is it self much freer from appropriate constraints.
This design may be called important, as global legislation is observed to be relegated to an important role, that's the role of stabilising the concept of the governing actor who himself remains relatively unconstrained.A second model might interpret the paradox in an even more dialectical fashion: The flourishing of international law one of the remaining earth may also be a first counterreaction to US unilateralist tendencies.
While the web of global obligations may possibly in the beginning sight keep the US unconstrained and also help it to stabilise a global purchase which can be below their get a grip on, that internet also produces a simple kind of counterweight where it becomes more hard for the US to impact others. They've tied themselves together as Ulysses linked himself to the mast as a provision from the desirable energy of the sirens.


At this time of year, new life is a welcome sight. Trees start budding, plants start showing signs of life, the grass starts to green up. It is a good time of year.
Spiritually speaking, for my wife and myself, this is a time of new life also. Not in the sense of rededication or recommitting our life to God, but of a new way of looking at things, of new truths being revealed.
We both grew up in organized religion and followed certain doctrines and specific beliefs. After nearly 58 years in the system, our dissatisfaction with what we were seeing, and many questions we had about some of the things we had been taught, finally brought us to a point of leaving.
Having been out of organized religion for a year now, we have found that it is a time of new life for us. We have a new dependency on fellowship with the Father and with other brothers and sisters, even though it is outside the four walls of what we call church.
It is a time of new life in the way we think of church. What we had always thought of church is really not so. Church is the body of believers, each fulfilling an equal function in the body, with Christ as the head. It is not a building we attend once a week for a pre-planned religious service.
We have new life in our learning process, open to let the Spirit teach us and not settle for a specific doctrine or belief system based on what a particular denomination has told us. We had many things that bothered us and caused questions that just didn't make sense, but we are finding new life knowing that God is within us and that we are the temple of the Holy Spirit. We don't have to rely on a man or woman to teach us. We can listen and hear the leading of the Spirit for ourselves.
We have come to realize the new life we have in the New Covenant. No longer do we need to try to mix the old covenant law with new covenant grace. We now depend on Jesus, and Him alone, as our all in all. He lives within his followers and is the living, inerrant Word of God. We have the mind of Christ, and the Holy Spirit within us teaching and guiding us.
We've found new life in fellowship. We had such a hard time finding true fellowship within the four walls. We'd sit for an hour looking at the back of someone's head, listening to a man or woman tell us what they thought God was saying. Fellowship normally doesn't happen at a typical church service. We've found more fellowship going about our daily business, knowing that God is within us. He brings other brothers and sisters along that we wouldn't find while sitting in a meeting. We each have a small group of fellow believers that we meet with regularly and have really come to know what fellowship is meant to be.
We know everyone isn't going to agree with what we are finding to be good for us. A lot of people want the organized meetings. There is nothing wrong with that if that is what you want for now. But we have found new life being outside of organized religion and traditional church. For us, this is so much better and we're finding some of the questions that were bothering us actually have been answered. Some things make so much more sense now. Of course, there are still many questions, but rather than beat ourselves up over trying to make sense of everything, we've accepted that God is in control. We're not going to know everything or have the answers to everything. We each learn over our life-time, and as God reveals new truths to us.
It is also a time of new life in the way we accept others and let Christ live and love through us. We can love and accept people the way they are. We can be loving and kind and not condemning. As followers of Christ, we are all at different stages in our walk with God. We aren't on different levels, as we feel all of us have equally important functions in the body, with Christ as our head.
Actually, each day is a time of new life. Stop looking to man, and man-made institutions to be your link to God. The Father says that we are now one with Him. Let Christ live through you every day and listen for the Spirit to teach and guide you as you go about your daily routine.
So many times what we say and what we mean are two different things.
Take for instance the word church. Most of us think of a building where Christians meet every Sunday for an organized, pre-planned service of music, prayer and sermon by a paid pastor. In reality, church is better described by the word ekklesia. It's people. It is people who are following Christ and allowing Him to live and love through them. Church isn't a place, a building, or the house of God and it isn't at a set time or day. Church is the body of Christ, each of us equally functioning as part of the body under Christ, going out each day and letting Christ live through us, loving others, accepting others.
How about the word Christian. We think of people who love God, go to church, pray, read their bible and try to do the right things. Actually Christian is a man-made word that originally was used to describe those who followed the teaching of Jesus and were doing the works of Jesus. Today, rather than being the true sense of following Christ, it is more widely known as a religion. Christians are considered people who believe in Jesus, go to church, follow specific rules, adhere to a set doctrine, pray, read the bible and try to get more people to come to their church. We think of Christians, Jews, Muslims, Hindu and a host of other religions rather than a way of life walking with Jesus.
When we talk about prayer, we generally think of a pastor or godly person saying spiritual sounding words to God. Many times prayers are written out and followed word for word to make people sound more spiritual. Actually prayer is just talking. Like you would talk to a friend or relative, prayer is talking to God. Not only talking, but being quiet and listening for God to speak to you. Believe it or not, prayer is not spoken in King James English. It is talking to our Father like we talk to anyone else.
What about the bible. Of course our first thought is a book that God inspired men to write. If we look closer at John 1:1, we find that the Bible is not a book at all. "In the beginning was the word, and the word was with God and the word was God". Actually, the Bible (the Word of God), is Jesus. He is the inerrant, all powerful, living Word of God. What we call the Word of God, the bible, is a book that is God inspired. It is words that show us the ways of men and the Way of God. Does that mean we don't need to read the bible? Of course not, we can learn a lot about God and ourselves by reading it. What we don't want to do is make the bible equal to God. The bible is not part of the trinity, it is a book. Again, God inspired, but humans still had a part in writing it.
The word worship is generally thought of as a time during the service when people are lead into song and outward praise to God by a leader or group, paid to lead people this way. The style of worship also varies greatly from group to group. Many people think worship are songs, or lifting of hands or dancing. A lot of people think of worship as a church service. Worship is a true sense of reverence and adoring praise to our Father. It is personal and does not need a professional leader to bring us to this point. It is a sincere and earnest thankfulness we have for God.
I'm sure there are many other words we could come up with that would fit here, but the main point being is it is not as important the word we use, but the true meaning. Jesus is the all in all. It doesn't boil down to our doctrines, beliefs and man-made efforts. It's following Christ, allowing Him to live through us and giving Him the throne of our lives. Jesus is the head of the body, the rest of us are equal parts with equal functions.
This Post was a Guest Post at Till He Comes website.


text:
HMS Defiant
THE EMBARRASSMENT CLASS
I don't know if professional Navy officers feel embarrassment anymore. We used to feel it keenly when we deserved to. It was akin to humiliation and one worked very hard to avoid embarrassing oneself or one's seniors. Sadly, it appears that nobody feels any shame in failure or outright humiliation anymore. If there was even a hint of the old Navy remaining alive in the new Navy one would see countless officers hanging their heads in shame at foisting the LCS and JSF on the Navy and Marines.
The crew of a broken ship can feel embarrassment for being unable to maintain or repair a ship entrusted to them. Supposedly, the Navy went out of its way to train and prepare the crew to operate, maintain and repair the ships it gives them. There is damage or repairs that are beyond ship's company's ability to repair but those were once usually inflicted by the enemy or typhoons and not the vagaries of simply getting underway on a beautiful day 20 days after leaving behind the builder's yard, sea trials and final acceptance of the new warship by NAVSEA and SUPSHIP.
I once worked for a CO who found that his Ops Department had made an elementary mistake one night. We spent the entire morning the next day hunting for enemy mines in our own private section of the Persian Gulf about 5 miles away from the other 2 ships engaged in the hunt. The CO finally pulled and reviewed the message that included the navigation data for the day's task and had it replotted himself. He found that we were indeed way "outside the box." His anger was palpable.
When we anchored that night he had all officers report to his cabin where he started out a remarkable ass-chewing by simply stating that 'we' had made him look like a complete idiot in front of his peers. This man was by no means a reamer and screamer. He was a thoughtful and thoroughly decent officer but the events of the day had piled up to the point where he wasn't going to take it anymore.
I'm not sorry I was excused the tirade. I had other things to do but I knew I didn't want to let anybody down the way the Operations Department had let him down. We busted our ass to make the ship go and to that end we were also ready to pass almost any readiness inspection at any time. We did it for our pride. After all, a crappy ship has a poisonous reputation all along the waterfront and the crew used to feel that rep in many ways. I'm not sure if that's the case anymore when ships don't belong to a crew.
Way back, a long time ago, we had a class of ships that the LCS replaced. I was never a fan of those ships after many early encounters with them. They had one massive design flaw that was applied to every aspect of the ship - it was cheap and shoddy and had zero redundancy. Still, they could get away with many minor tasks if one didn't peer to closely underneath the layer of paint.
There is one simple rule to naval gunfire. It boils down to, 'don't shoot your own ship.' In the space of about 2 years, half a dozen of the FFGs managed to shoot themselves. I suspect the Type Commanders and the Fleet Commanders got pretty tired of NAVSEA's bleating about how the, "ships just couldn't help themselves since they were designed to shoot into themselves from the very beginning."
Defanged Frigate With Gun Aimed at Stack and other Gun
In other words, it wasn't a design flaw, it was a signal point of pride that NAVSEA had designed a ship where the Safe Stow position for a naval gun, pointed it directly at the ship's exhaust stack and 20mm close in weapon system. In short, nobody at NAVSEA felt any embarrassment about the problem and did nothing to fix it until it happened again and again and again.
The waterfront was less forgiving. I remember strolling to the Main Brace at 32nd Street one day after knock off and seeing an FFG return to port to moor alongside a sister ship. It came into Pier 4 and the ship it was mooring alongside had prepared a little welcome that outraged the CO and Squadron Commander of the damaged ship. The undamaged ship's crew had put an enormous bullseye on their own stack. The skipper and the Commodore, they were embarrassed. One might say that the skipper felt humiliated. Here they were, returning home with tail between their legs and their mighty close in weapon system lying smashed on the flight deck where it landed after being blown off its mount by their own gun as smoke poured out of the new holes in the ship's smoke stack.
So we find ourselves with our newest addition to fleet welded to some pier in the Tide Water area with people scratching their heads trying to work out how the metal filings found their way into the lube oil strainers. There's a few ways I know.
-There is metal to metal contact somewhere in the gear train that is grinding up the reduction gear
-There is metal to metal contact in the propulsion engines
-The ship is so stupidly designed that all lube oil feeds into one massive filter and nobody knows
where it is coming from
-Sabotage
Walking USS MILWAUKEE Home
Our embarrassing problem in the midst of OPERATION EARNEST WILL came down to a plotting error that was inexcusable but harmless. It caused no damage and no gaps were left after we hustled over to where we were supposed to be and completed the assignment. For me, the saddest part was that somehow the same exact plotting error was made on the paper chart and on the electronic system we used as the conning officer's primary plotter. In other words, the same wrong information was entered into two different navigation systems by two different people. The redundancy inherent in the system failed. That happens sometimes. It's embarrassing. It should be.
Posted by HMS Defiant at 5:00 AM
Labels: USN, Voodoo and Legend, Warships
Subscribe To HMS DEFIANT
On Navy Leadership
Fighting Words
off PIM, Steaming in company
Random synapses firing usually in response to the music
Truth: Clear and Simple
"Equity" means "ruining everything but pretending it's for fairness."
I seek no better warrant than my own conscience.
Nothing is achieved before it is thoroughly attempted.
Nemo me impune lacessit
I stick to wholly natural foods like croissants and cream puffs, and chocolate eclairs, and french toast with slathers of butter and maple syrup. Natural. That's how I am.
What beauty is, I know not, though it adheres to many things.
One of the lessons of history is that nothing is often a good thing to do and always a clever thing to say.
The truth will set you free, but first it will make you miserable.
I knew from elementary school that I would live to see the first man land on the moon. I did not expect to see the last one.
In the wake of Mueller investigation: "Democrats lost an election they rigged, and now Democrats have lost an investigation they rigged."
"The whole aim of practical politics is to keep the populace alarmed (and hence clamorous to be led to safety) by menacing it with an endless series of hobgoblins, all of them imaginary." - H.L. Mencken
The Downfall of the West
"The lamps are going out all over Europe, we shall not see them lit again in our life-time."
---Sir Edward Grey
"I have sworn upon the altar of God eternal hostility against every form of tyranny over the mind of man."
---Thomas Jefferson
Borepatch
Gunsmoke and Knitting
My Planet, My Rules
Very Cool Cameras
Del Mar Beach Live Camera
View from a Weapon Shop of Isher
Working Del Mar Beach Live Camera
From Solana Beach towards La Jolla
Bona fide Climatologist
Certified Atmospheric Scientist
Verified Hyperbolist
I have a degree in Science!
A Troublesome Inheritance
The Dragons of Cleveland
Betrayers of the Truth
In the Gears of Creation
A Great Victory
"You may triumph on the fields of Pelennor for a day, but against the Power that has now arisen there is no victory!"
When you think about it, the Wise in conclave, decided that the thing to do after this great but meaningless victory was to advance deep into enemy territory and fight a battle that they knew they could not win.
Using a 1955 World Atlas they found in a ruin, islamic terrorists selected the leading industrial city in America on which to target their wrath and their first atomic weapon. They picked Detroit.
"118 years from the first flight of fixed wing aircraft to flying helicopters on another world. Very impressive achievement of the West. Recall that Egypt's hydraulic civilization lasted virtually unchanged for over 4000 years and they were the leading light of civilization for most of that time.
"I shall not undeceive future generations. I could not tell the truth without giving great offense. Let the world admire our patriots and heroes." —- Charles Thomson
An exclusive group I belong to: people for malicious decency.
ACQUIRING A LIBERAL EDUCATION
DYSTOPIAN LAMENT
THE SHIP OF THE IMAGINATION
THINGS I DON'T BELIEVE
WHY JUMP
SANS CHEVAL
WHERE IS TASK FORCE 34?
SNOPES LONG FALL FROM GRACE
FOR HER EYES ONLY
WHAT RUINS AN ARMY
LATE TO THE FIGHT
ATTAR OF PUTRID
FLAMING PRIORITIES
BACK IN A MINUTE
HINDING THE CHARGE
TRUMPIAN SURPRISE
CHANCELLOR OF THE FREE WORLD
ON THE NATURE OF RADICALS
STATE SPONSORED TERRRORISM FALLOUT
BASKING IN PATHOSTAN
HONORING OBAMA
READINESS AS A STATE OF BEING
ANOTHER TYPICALLY MODEST DEFIANT PROPOSAL
ALL AT WAR EXCEPT US
FIELD SAFETY TIP
I WONDER
IT'S THE SCALE
CLINTON FIRST TO QUESTION ISIS
A LITTLE SOUTH SIDE OF CHICAGO
OBAMA PLAYS FOR THE OTHER TEAM
ANOTHER VILE VIDEO FROM CALIFORNIA
INHERENT RIGHT OF SELF DEFENSE
THE RACE OF REASON
SIC TRANSIT GLORIA MUNDI
BLANDLY STUPIDLY OBTUSE AND IN CHARGE
Where Are The Adults
This site contains images obtained from the internet under the Fair Use Act. If you are the owner of an image seen here and object to its use on this site, please contact me at randompassenger@outlook.com for immediate removal.
NO GARDENING, NOT EVER


"We recently had a bad experience with another hosting company and our website was suffering. The server would go offline for what seemed like days, and support stopped answering their email and phone. I think this is a common story on the Internet and I was just another unsatisfied customer. So, not wanting to get burned again, we went to great lengths to find a company that could really meet our needs. We sent emails to numerous hosts and waited for responses. The staff at 2GBHosting was one of the first to respond, almost right away actually. Then, after a lengthy discussion, we decided to go with 2GBHosting and we have not been disappointed with our decision. We really had a lot of questions, but they were happy to answer each one in detail. And they continue to provide superior service by quickly responding to any issue and providing me with a satisfying solution. Frankly, I think every business should treat their clients this way, but all too often when it comes to web hosting, other companies just don't seem to get it which is why we've left our previous host. I'm happy to say that 2GBHosting gets it."


WASHINGTON (Sputnik) – Secretary of State Mike Pompeo overruled staff objections to continued US weapons sales for the Saudi-led air campaign in Yemen after being warned that an embargo could jeopardize $2 billion in arms sales to America's Persian Gulf allies, according to the Wall Street Journal reports published on Thursday.
Pompeo overruled the department's specialists, who were concerned about the rising civilian death toll in Yemen, the Wall Street Journal reported, citing a classified State Department memo and people familiar with the debate.
The top US diplomat instead sided with the State Department's legislative affairs team after they argued that suspending support could undercut plans to sell more than 120,000 precision-guided missiles to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, the report said.
The article estimated that the value of the future weapons sales was at least $2 billion.
A recent UN report found that the Saudi-led coalition airstrikes were responsible for most of more than 16,000 civilians killed or injured in Yemen over the past three years.
Saudi airstrikes have hit open-air markets, funerals, a wedding and most recently, a school bus in killing more than 40 Yemeni students on a field trip in August.
For weapons sales to continue, the State Department is required to certify every six months that the Saudi-led coalition is taking steps to minimize civilian casualties.
State Department specialists argued that Pompeo could decline the certification but still allow weapons sales to continue by invoking a US national security exemption, according to the Journal.


text:
<html>
	<head>
		<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
		<script type="text/javascript" src="/flowplayer.min.js"></script>
		<title>node-fluent-ffmpeg</title>
	</head>
	<body>

		<!-- this A tag is where your Flowplayer will be placed. it can be anywhere -->
		<a
			 href="/video/your_movie.avi"
			 style="display:block;width:520px;height:330px"
			 id="player">
		</a>

		<!-- this will install flowplayer inside previous A- tag. -->
		<script>
			flowplayer("player", "/flowplayer.swf");
		</script>
	</body>
</html>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Spine surgeons not doing these 3 things will be left behind
5 insights from Dr. Alex Vaccaro to know in 2021
Spinal fusions at HOPDs increase after CMS approval for ASCs
Video calls, collaboration & a Lego set: How a UK duo mastered awake spine surgery with remote learning
Carly Behm - Wednesday, November 10th, 2021 Print | Email
Dr. Helen Hann, an anesthesiologist at John Radcliffe Hospital in the United Kingdom, had been interested in awake spine surgery for 12 years but hadn't found a surgeon willing to take up the challenge with her.
"The reactions I got from the surgeons I approached were universally ones of trepidation," Dr. Hann told Becker's. "I think it's a big thing to ask a surgeon to operate on an awake patient. You're very aware the patient is hearing everything you're doing, and they can see everything you're doing. That adds pressure. So it's a big thing, it's a big ask. It took a lot of courage."
The surgeon who was ready to take the challenge on was Dr. Murtuza Sikander, who works at the same hospital. Dr. Hann and Dr. Sikander were both familiar with awake surgeries from performing awake craniotomies.
Collaborating with Dr. Alok Sharan
The pair came across the work of Alok Sharan, MD, through research and approached him for advice. Eventually Dr. Sharan, of NJ Spine & Wellness in East Brunswick, N.J., crossed time zones in the summer of 2020 to teach them how to perform spine surgery on awake patients.
"We had a conference call and then things started to just snowball from there," Dr. Sikander said.
For Dr. Sharan, teaching remotely involved a combination of straight discussion about protocol and overseeing simulations with a virtual platform that he helped develop, called Doc Social.
"What they would do is simulate the whole surgery from end to end and have someone take a video," Dr. Sharan said. "Then I would go and basically view their videos and tell them my comments and thoughts of improvement. They did that multiple times. I think they ran about two or three simulations, and then I met with the team through a live session as well."
Dr. Sharan said the biggest challenge teaching was handling situations when routines didn't go as planned, since he couldn't be there in person to guide them.
Reframing and overcoming challenges
For Dr. Sikander and Dr. Hann, the biggest obstacle was rallying their surgical team and helping them reframe how they think about the surgical procedure.
"What we did was a ground up approach or stakeholder buy-in where you give a member of a team a very simple objective," Dr. Hann said. "You say, 'Decide what works for you. Come back, and let's try it. This is your idea. You own it.' That way, you get enthusiasm; you get the best out of the person that you're asking this task of, [and] you're not dictating to them."
To help choreograph the team, Dr. Hann and Dr. Sikander also used a Lego set to map out and rehearse the team's positioning in the operating room through three stages: before patient arrival, patient preparation and surgery.
"Every member of staff knew where they were supposed to stand, where they were supposed to move, at what stage they were supposed to move [and] which equipment would move," Dr. Sikander said.
Photo courtey of Dr. Helen Hann and Dr. Murtuza Sikander
The process of getting National Health Service approval for the surgeries was comprehensive, Dr. Sikander said. It took about nine months to get the first procedure OK'd between forming protocols and ethics, demonstrating competence and going through different committees.
However, procedures like awake spine surgery have been well-received overall by the NHS, which governs healthcare in the U.K., Dr. Sikander said.
"The way the NHS works is, it's all centrally funded," Dr. Sikander said. "So if you're not having to pay for resources to keep a patient in a bed, that's actually money saved. If you don't cancel a patient on the day for lack of hospital availability, that's money saved. If a patient goes back to work early with better rehabilitation, that's health economics saved, so it's only cost beneficial."
A bright outlook for awake spine surgery and remote education
Dr. Sikander and Dr. Hann have completed five awake spine surgeries, and seven more are scheduled in the future. So far, the patient feedback has been positive, they said.
The pair is performing lumbar decompressions, and plans to offer awake spinal fusions and endoscopic surgeries are in the works, they said.
Dr. Sikander said he believes the awake procedures will remain, and he plans to develop the program and teach other surgeons.
Dr. Sharan said he also has an optimistic outlook on remote spine surgery education, and he's formalizing a remote teaching program for awake spine surgery.
"It's the future," he said. "I think that from just a pure learning perspective, you'll see less and less people going to these weekend cadaver courses, and more people will be in their remote locations while I'll be in New York or New Jersey teaching a particular technique."
Most Read - Spine
The Becker's Spine Review website uses cookies to display relevant ads and to enhance your browsing experience. By continuing to use our site, you acknowledge that you have read, that you understand, and that you accept our Cookie Policy and our Privacy Policy.


Very rare obscure, minimal, synth LP, in a similar vein to Klaus Schulze, Richard Wahnfried, Sky Records, etc.15 tracks of arpeggiated synths, pulsing rhythms, with "Pages" standing out with it's Baldelli / 'Cosmic' Proto-Italo-Disco sound. stunning, with lots of other good tracks.Rumours of some Peter Baumann involvment here!
this is exactly what i was talking about when i commented before about being interested in seeing more space-y, cosmic early electronic dance music... it is such a rich vein to tap that is often overlooked, but often enough, those artists were pioneers in their field.
Exxxellent stuff !!!!!!!!!!!! I don't know if Peter Baumann really was involved in this record, but it surely sounds like he was. Same kind of sounds, same beats... This one could be Trans harmonic nights outtakes. Must be pretty rare, as The Crack In The Cosmic Egg don't even mention it. Thanxxx !!!
Thanks ONCE AGAIN! another surprise!
Being officially reissued on Medical Records around Feb 2012.
Medical Records did indeed release the Axxess album earlier this year and I have waited and waited for a digital download version (as they often do with their releases) but it seems one is not forthcoming - and as the album has sold out, I think it would be more than reasonable to repost the rip (especially given the fact I have lost my rip!).
"Axxess is the brainchild of French multimedia artist Patrick Mimran. Mr. Mimran was co-director of Lamborghini Motors (along with his brother) at the time and fittingly released the album on the imprint Lamborghini Records. Heavily influenced by German electronic pioneers Klaus Schulze, Tangerine Dream, and Kraftwerk, Mr. Mimran commissioned the German engineer Andreas Bahrdt to build a custom complex synthesizer which eventually materialized into a 16 voice analog synthesizer of genius proportions. Andreas had previously designed a less elaborate prototype for Peter Baumann of Tangerine Dream fame. What then came to life as the product of Patrick's imagination and this unique machine is a spectacular array of 15 sequenced instrumentals that is "Novels For The Moons""


Search Used Cars listings to find long island city, Long Island City, NY, Fort Lee, NJ deals from LUXURY OF QUEENS.
All sorts of buyers are heading to the Long Island, NY salvage car auction location to start bidding on several clean-titled cars and non-repairables.
JVC Junk Cars is a Long Island junk car removal service. If your looking to sell your junk cars and get cash for your clunker sell us your unwanted junk cars to us because we buy junk cars.


The following are mockups for interstitial ads with touch interaction Joana Paz and I have created for several brands. Interactions are always playful and engage the user, while touch interaction also promotes long-term brand recognition.
Portuguese Lottery Ticket: "Portugal: ponto a ponto"
At home in "We're in Panama!"


Salwar Kameez online collection at Fabricoz comes with FREE shipping in Australia and is the best collection ever to be found online. Buy Salwar Kameez latest designer collection for wedding, party, festivals and casual wear etc. Indian Salwar Kameez is one of the most widely worn clothing used by women of all ages. Though they originated mainly in Indian Subcontinent but are now widely use all over the world. Our latest salwar Kameez online designs are available in many variations which mainly differ in the stitching style, sizes and how they are worn by different age groups at various occasions.
Some of the designer salwar suits online shopping collection are adorned with beautiful embellishments, embroidery work, patch work, crystals and hand work etc. At Fabricoz, we offer wide range yet selected collection of Indian Salwar Kameez - our designs are always handpicked and stylish which are hard to find anywhere else. These collections mainly consist of designer pieces from Pakistan & India and range from casual, party and wedding wear outfits such as Salwar Suit, Anarkali, and Indian Salwar suits.
So, whenever you crave to fill up your closet, simply buy from Fabricoz online boutique where we stock the latest and the best designs ever. We provide Free shipping to Sydney, NSW, Melbourne, VIC, Perth, WA, Brisbane, QLD and Adelaide, SA in Australia. All our products are always 100% Original – that's our promise and guarantee.