When I was first introduced to bomba di riso, I was very amused by the choice of words used to describe this impressive molded rice dish that is a staple in the kitchen of my friend Mara Neviani, who lives in Cavriago.
The origins of this dish are said to trace back to the town of Piacenza, where it is still prepared for the Feast of the Assumption on August 15th, known as Ferragosto. The procedure calls for Arborio rice, the short-grain starchy rice used in risotto. The rice is boiled in either chicken or beef broth, then packed into a ring mold that is lined with overlapping slices of cooked ham. The center of the mold is filled with a meat ragù. The contrasting tastes of delicately flavored rice and intensely flavored ragù is a delight. This dish makes a great presentation for company. The ragù can be made days ahead and the rice mold assembled a day prior to baking.
Lightly butter a 9 by 2 1/4-inch ring mold. Line the mold with the ham slices, overlapping them slightly so no gaps appear, and allow a 2-inch overhang over the rim of the mold. Cover the mold loosely with plastic wrap and refrigerate it until ready to fill.
Place the mushrooms in a bowl, cover them with warm water, and let them soak for 30 minutes. Drain the mushrooms, reserving the liquid. Dice the mushrooms and set them aside.
Mince the carrot, celery, and onion together with a chef's knife.
Heat the oil and butter in a saucepan, stir in the carrot, celery, and onion and cook the vegetables over low heat until they are soft. Stir in the garlic and cook it until it begins to soften. Stir in the ground beef and cook it until it looses its pink color.
In a bowl, mix together the tomatoes, tomato paste, and 1/2 cup of the reserved porcini liquid and add to the beef mixture. (Save the remaining porcini liquid to use when making soups or stocks.) Stir in the parsley, salt, and pepper. Cover the pan and simmer the ragu for 1 1/2 hours. Ten minutes before the ragu is cooked, stir in the mushrooms. The consistency of the mixture should be very thick with almost no liquid. Keep the ragu warm while the rice is cooking.
Bring the broth to a boil in a soup pot. Stir in the rice, cover, and cook it, stirring occasionally, until all the broth is absorbed. Stir in the cheese, butter, and cream.
Pack the rice evenly into the mold. Place the mold in a baking pan large enough to hold it and carefully pour hot water into the baking pan allowing it to come up to about 1 inch along the sides of the ring mold. Bake for 25 minutes, or until the rice is hot. Remove the mold from the water bath, and run a butter knife around the inside edge of the mold to loosen the ham and ensure that it will unmold. Place a serving dish larger than the mold over the top and invert the mold onto the dish. Fill the center of the mold with some of the ragu. Put the remaining ragu in a bowl to pass separately. To serve, cut the mold into wedges and spoon some of the ragu on the side.
This recipe was featured on show 1004 - Bomba di Riso.


MLI recently initiated a Leadership Development program called Peace Makers and Problem Solvers (PMPS). Through this program, MLI equips educators with tools and resources to implement a curriculum in their classrooms that focuses on leadership development and problem solving skills, and connects students in North America with students in conflict-affected countries so young people can work together to identify humanitarian issues and collaborate on a solution. Through PMPS, young leaders learn to identify a purpose for a humanitarian project, explore possible options, debate the issues from different perspectives, determine how to effectively utilize resources, and set goals to establish a course of action for the project. Students are encouraged to think critically about the world around them and gain real-life experience in conversing and brainstorming solutions to problems with peers in countries like Colombia.
In its inaugural year, MLI paired a school in Poolesville, MD with a school in Chigorodó, Colombia. The 24 youth participating in PMPS met on Skype and Google Hangouts twice a month during the school year, and once a month during the summer, in addition to regular meetings with a trained PMPS teacher who is guiding them through the structured leadership development curriculum. The students have become great friends, practicing their English and Spanish on a daily basis as they chat on WhatsApp and learn about each other's cultures. Through this process, the students have jointly chosen to focus on preventing bullying and violence among younger youth in both Colombia and the U.S., as it is an issue that affects children in both communities, and are currently building their project plans so they can implement them in the fall.
Contact us to find out more information here.
Download the Peacemakers and Problem Solvers booklet here.


Rest in peace grandpa Hobo. You lived 20 years, a long a happy life with your pawsome family. We will miss you very much our handsome friend. We know you will be watching over us from the bridge.
Beautiful picture Bugsy and thank you so much for remembering our good friend Hobo.
Last update on September 21, 12:36 pm by Spice.
Hobo will never be forgotten we have traveled and had so much fun together. I know he will be watching over us.
Beautiful pictures.. Hobo is smiling at us all..
thank you Bambi and Chester.


We can save you energy & money.
Through the years, homeowners who have been aware of air transfer/loss through the attic have attempted to remedy it by placing insulation around the attic door opening. Unfortunately, this technique doesn't provide an air-tight barrier, therefore, little reduction in the amount of energy waste and air loss is achieved. It also creates harmful airborne particles of dust and fiberglass each time the attic door is opened or closed.
Attic Tent is the Solution!
The engineers at Attic Tent solved the problem of attic stair air transfer/loss from the perspective of the homeowner. They designed a product that not only significantly reduces air loss, drastically lowering your energy bill, but also provides safe and easy zipper accessibility into your attic. It also keeps blown insulation up in the attic where it belongs, not on your floor, each time you open your attic stair door.
© 2009-2017 Attics Are Us. All rights reserved.


"Rigid Clay Holder Stand is made of heavy corrugated cardboard. It's A-frame design is easy to set up and portable. Die-cut holes fit standard-size clay birds. Perfect for shooting solo or racing a friend!
- Made of heavy corrugated cardboard.
- Die-cut holes fit standard-size clay birds.
- Designed for multiple uses.


Home interior designer in india sally smith blog. Luxurious bathroom 665694 dream home interiors by open. Expensive interior homes luxury bathroom interior design. Extraordinary luxury bathrooms that will mesmerize you.


The Singleton community is fortunate to have very active, committed seniors who dedicate time and energy to give back to their community. Singleton seniors have high rates of volunteering, are involved in sports and recreation and provide endless services via the clubs that they participate in.
Currently people over 65 make up 10.1 per cent of our total population, this will increase to 13.4 per cent by 2021 and 17.7 per cent by 2036.
Council is dedicated to ensuring that facilities and services are available to current and future senior residents of Singleton. Council also understands that the needs of our current older generation will be different to future generations and are keen to ensure Singleton is able to support older people to age well and to stay connected to the Singleton community, now and in many years to come.
Council celebrates Seniors Week every year in March, with celebrations getting bigger and better every year. If you would like to be involved in this growing Senior's Week event please contact the Community Strategic Planning Co-ordinator .
In 2014, Council began development of a Lifestyle Plan for Older People and undertook extensive consultation with older people in our community. As a result of that consultation, 40 actions relating to "Our Community"; "Our Places"; "Our Environment"; and "Our Community Leadership" have been identified for implementation over the next few years.
The complete Lifestyle Plan for Older People was adopted by Council in April 2015.
If you would like to know more about the plan, please contact the Community Strategic Planning Co-ordinator on 02 6578 7216.
An action item from the Singleton Lifestyle Plan for Older People was to provide access to information on healthy ageing.
A "Healthy Ageing Quiz" has been produced by the National Ageing Research Institute, which will help you identify your current health and provide practical tips for ageing well.
The quiz is available in paper format from the Singleton Senior Citizens Centre and the Singleton Library. If you would prefer an online version, click here.


Artist Housing Certification is closed and will only reopen if new units become available.
In Spring 2016, the new Millbrook development leased five affordable artist live/work units for Somerville artists or artists who demonstrated their work/activity in Somerville. Rents were either $787 or $1,058 for one-bedroom units and $934 or $1,262 for the two-bedroom unit (the rent will be dependent upon applicant income; their AMI level.) See images of the floor plans units here.
Somerville's current zoning includes provisions that certain new development require "artist use." If a new development creates "Artist Live/Work" or "Artist Studio Space" a certification process will accompany those units. This policy will ensure that development built for artists will retain artists.
For more information on Somerville's arts zoning work review our cultural economic development work here.


What's the latest on the H1N1 flu? What are pork producers doing to be prepared? Is the economic forecast for the nation's pork industry getting any better? Viewers of RFD-TV will have an opportunity to get answers to those questions and more on Monday, Oct. 12, when the Pork Checkoff will sponsor an hour-long program that includes the opportunity for viewers to call in questions. Long-time farm broadcaster Max Armstrong will be the host for "RFD-Live: A Conversation About Pork," which will air at 7 p.m. (Central Daylight Time). Scheduled guests include: Dr. Steve Meyer, an agricultural economist; Chris Novak, chief executive officer of the National Pork Board; Dr. Paul Sundberg, vice president of science and technology at the National Pork Board; and Wathina Luthi, an Oklahoma pork producer. "This is a tremendous opportunity for us to tell our story to both pork producers and to others throughout rural America," Novak said. "As we head into the typical flu season, we want consumers to understand that you cannot get the H1N1 flu from eating or handling pork. But we also want viewers to get a better understanding of what is happening within the pork industry. This is a tough time for pork producers. We want to tell consumers what producers already know: That not only is pork safe, nutritious and delicious, it also is an especially good value at your grocery store right now. This is a great time to be buying pork. "We also look forward to being able to tell producers about all the measures the Pork Checkoff is taking to promote pork this fall. During the RFD-TV program we will unveil our newest 30-second television commercial." Novak said he hopes pork producers, as well as viewers who know little about the pork industry, will call in questions. RFD-TV, now available in 40 million homes, can be viewed on the DISH Network at channel 231 and on DirecTV channel 345. Viewers with cable television should consult their local listings guide.


text:
Q: Format decimal number c# Is there a way to format, lets say, this number 36.9308706956375 into 36,930.87  ?
I tried all kind of pattern including the one below it doesn't seem to work.It return 36,93.
decimal dec = 36.9308706956375;
var num = String.Format(CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("ro-RO"), "{0:#,##0.00}", dec);

Thanks

A: It doesn't make sense to format 36.9308706956375 with thousands operator so I had to multiply it by 1000
(36.9308706956375 * 1000).ToString("N2")

Or
String.Format("{0:N2}", 36.9308706956375 * 1000)

More numeric formats can be found here in the official docs.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
package gaia3d.interceptor;

import gaia3d.domain.Key;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.Locale;

/**
 * Locale 관련 설정
 * Enum은 성능을 위해 사용하지 않음
 *
 * @author jeongdae
 *
 */
@Slf4j
@Component
public class LocaleInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

	@Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
    	String lang = (String)request.getSession().getAttribute(Key.LANG.name());
		if(lang == null || "".equals(lang)) {
			Locale myLocale = request.getLocale();
			lang = myLocale.getLanguage();
		}

		String accessibility = "ko";
		if("ko".equals(lang)) {
			accessibility = "ko";
		} else if("en".equals(lang)) {
			accessibility = "en";
		} else if("ja".equals(lang)) {
			accessibility = "ja";
		} else {
			// TODO Because it does not support multilingual besides English and Japanese Based on English
//			lang = "en";
//			accessibility = "en-US";
			lang = "ko";
			accessibility = "ko";
		}

		request.setAttribute("lang", lang);
		request.setAttribute("accessibility", accessibility);

        return true;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Check out the opening weekend box office collection of Vidyut Jammwal's Junglee.
Is Junglee really worth your time and money? Read our review to find out.
Vidyut Jammwal talks about the five most insane stunts he had to perform while shooting for Junglee.


text:
Q: Saving image from Google Earth Desktop for selected area and time I am trying to save images from Google Earth Desktop for a certain rectangular area defined by latitude and longitude limits for a given time. I found a single latitude, longitude, heading, and range in the "geprint" format file but not time. Can someone help me with how to select different areas and times in the images?

A: To save a high-res image out of Earth Pro, you can simply pan/zoom to the view you want, select the desired date/time with the historical imagery tool, and then use the image export functionality (on Windows: File menu > Save > Save Image) to add map options (title, legend, etc.), select the image size, and save it out as a JPG file.
But it sounds like you're trying to use another tool (geprint?) to do that. I'm not familiar with it, but sounds like it can automate the process of saving specific images, along with saving the corresponding georeferencing information.  If that tool does not provide an option to choose a date/time, then it will likely only allow you to use the default "best and/or latest" base imagery. You could try setting the historical imagery slider in Earth Pro to the desired date/time before using the tool, and see if it keeps the setting?
Also, please be sure to read the Terms Of Service before using a tool like that, since there are limitations on how you are allowed to use images saved out of Google's mapping products.


text:
Jatin Khandelwal Send an email 8:04 pm, Fri, 14 January 2022
South Africa's Test captain Dean Elgar was an elated man after his side completed a memorable comeback series win over India by winning the last two Tests in Johannesburg and Cape Town after having lost the first Test in Centurion.
They won the last two Tests, both by 7 wickets, successfully chasing down totals in excess of 200 on pace-friendly surfaces, after they had lost the first Test by 113 runs.
Dean Elgar had led from the front with the bat in Jo'burg with a gritty 96* and it was young Keegan Peterson who was South Africa's best batter in Cape Town with scores of 72 and 82.
When asked about he turned the tide around in the dressing room after the loss in the first Test, Dean Elgar said he himself challenged his players to step up and perform. He was glad to see the kind of response they gave to his challenge.
"Challenging your players, you need characters within the group and the bowling unit has been excellent all series. I had put up a challenge after the first game and the guys responded brilliantly," Elgar said at the post-match presentation.
"Helps to have a group that doesn't have any real big names, they like to rally together and play as one. And that's crucial. Extremely proud of this group of players that we have here."
The Protea skipper revealed that he'd had "tough chats" with his team members after conceding a loss early in the series and threw challenges at them.
Elgar added: "Ultimately, if you want to operate at our performance levels, you need tough chats and I'm a bit of old-school mentality with a new-school twist. I laid a few challenges, even to some of the senior players as well. It was great to see the guys take my message on board. It's great to see the guys buying in to you from a captain's point of view. I think of us as a closed group, has helped us to feed off each other. We've played as a unit and we've grown massively as a group in the last two Tests."
The 3-match ODI series starts from January 19 in Paarl.
Also Read: Angry Fans Reacted On Twitter After India Lost Yet Another Series In SA
cricket Cricket Gossip cricket news Cricket Trends dean elgar Dean Elgar News ind vs sa ind vs sa news News
Jatin Khandelwal
Ravi Shastri Reveals Keegan Petersen Reminds Him Of A Very Special Cricketer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
National carrier will cost $8bn in 10 years – Airline operators
By Abdullateef Aliyu, Lagos | Published Date Sep 21, 2018 2:10 AM
Minister of State Aviation, Hadi Sirika.
…mixed reactions trail Nigeria Air's suspension
The Airline Operators of Nigeria (AON), the umbrella body of indigenous carriers, has described the suspension of the Nigeria Air project by the Federal Government as a bold move.
Chairman of the AON, Capt. Nogie Meggison said the decision by the Federal Executive Council (FEC) was in response to the cries of many stakeholders that government should have a rethink on the national carrier project in the light of the tough economic situation in the country.
To the airline operators, going ahead with the national carrier project would have cost the tax payers $3bn.
The AON spoke as divergent reactions continue to trail Wednesday's suspension of the Nigeria Air project by the Federal Government.
Among those who reacted to the suspension were the Aviation Roundtable and Safety Initiative (ART) which said through its president, Elder Gbenga Olowo that it "saw the abortion coming right from conception"…
"I congratulate government on the bold move to stop now and cut its losses rather than start, embarrass the flag for a while and disappear like others in less than 10years", Olowo said.
For the AON chairman, apart from the $3bn start-up funding requirement, it would require an annual $500m annual subsidy to keep the carrier running for the next 10 years.
"Setting up of National Carrier will cost Nigeria at least $3bn (a single B777 as of today costs about $320m.)", he said, it would not be wise to spend that huge amount on "a venture that will for sure go down the drain within a maximum of 5 years to establish a "National Carrier"?
"Bearing also in mind that the National Carrier will need an additional cash injection of $500m subsidy per year on average for the next 10 years to keep the airline afloat while about 97% of the 200 million Nigerian masses today are grappling for the basic necessities of life; food, shelter, electricity, water, education and good roads", Meggison added.
He reiterated that government has no business in business, saying the private sector should be provided with the right incentives to invest in the sector.
"Once again we thank the President and the FEC for this indefinite suspension of the national carrier. However, government should go back to the drawing board and engage with the private sector with transparency on how to position Nigeria as the Hub for Africa to take advantage of our God given gift of geographical location…", he added.
An aviation analyst, Group Capt. John Ojikutu challenged the Minister to explain to the public why the project was suspended.
He lamented that the country has not gotten its acts together.
"Whatever has happened between him and the cabinet members that makes the project suspended or to be kept on hold must be shared with the public if truly it is a national carrier project and not government or private project", he said.


If your child is a baby, you may be able to take the pacifier away cold turkey without too much ado. But for toddlers, and some babies, you may need to take a gradual approach.
First, limit pacifier use to the bed, then only to go to sleep. Continue decreasing the allowed time until it's no longer needed.
Sound easy? For some it is, but others need a bit more attention. Here are some tips I share with parents in my practice.
Take a close look at the situation. When does your baby want the pacifier most? Is he upset, hungry or bored? How do you react? Do you automatically reach for the pacifier or give it a few minutes?
Try something else. It's more effort on your part, but when the fretting begins, try holding, rocking, playing music, singing or massage for infants. For older children try distraction with toys or other fun activities.
Plan activities with children who are good role models and don't use pacifiers.
Be sure everyone who takes care of baby – sitters, grandparents, day care, your spouse – is on the same page concerning pacifier use.
Keep in mind a few other suggestions.
Try not to wean when there are other changes in baby's life, such as toilet training or a new baby.
Don't switch the pacifier for the baby's thumb.
If you try and fail, don't give up. You baby just might not be ready. Try again in a few weeks.
In the meantime, continue to gradually cut down on pacifier time and only offer it when your child is desperate.
And try not to worry. Your child will outgrow it eventually!
Does your baby use a pacifier? Do you have any tips for weaning babies from pacifiers?


text:
About JCM
Salmonella Enteritidis Phage Types 1 and 4: Pheno- and Genotypic Epidemiology of Recent Outbreaks in Finland
Susanna Lukinmaa, Raili Schildt, Teemu Rinttilä, Anja Siitonen
Susanna Lukinmaa
Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, National Public Health Institute, FIN-00300 Helsinki, 1 and
Raili Schildt
Department of Bacteriology, National Veterinary and Food Research Institute, FIN-00580 Helsinki, 2 Finland
Teemu Rinttilä
Anja Siitonen
In the 1990s, Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica serovar Enteritidis has caused 15 outbreaks in Finland; 12 of them were caused by phage type 1 (PT1) and PT4. Thus far, there has been no clear evidence as to the source of theseSalmonella Enteritidis PT1 and PT4 strains, so it was necessary to try to characterize them further. SalmonellaEnteritidis PT1 (n = 57) and PT4 (n = 43) isolates from different sources were analyzed by genomic pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), plasmid profiling, and antimicrobial resistance testing to investigate the distribution of their subtypes in Finland. It was also hoped that this investigation would help in identifying the sources of the infections, especially the sources of the outbreaks caused by PT1 and PT4 in the 1990s. The results showed that both PFGE and plasmid profiling, but not antimicrobial susceptibility testing, were capable of differentiating isolates of Salmonella Enteritidis PT1 and PT4. By genotypic methods, it was possible to divide both PT1 and PT4 isolates into 12 subtypes. It could also be shown that all PT1 outbreak isolates were identical and, at least with this collection of isolates, that the outbreaks did not originate from the Baltic countries or from Russia, where this phage type predominates. It was also established that the outbreaks caused by PT4 all had different origins. Valuable information for future investigations was gained on the distribution of molecular subtypes of strains that originated from the tourist resorts that are popular among Finns and of strains that were isolated from livestock.
Salmonella entericasubsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis is the most common serovar that causes salmonellosis in humans. Since the 1980s, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of reported findings of this serovar in Europe and worldwide (8, 13, 19). The most frequent reservoir for Salmonella Enteritidis has been poultry, especially eggs (19). The occurrence of the phage types of Salmonella Enteritidis in different geographical areas has varied: phage type 1 (PT1) has been common in the Baltic countries and Russia (7), whereas PT4 most often has been seen in Western European countries (9, 20). PT8 apparently has been a frequent finding in the United States (8).
The proportion of Salmonella Enteritidis causing indigenously acquired salmonellosis has greatly increased in Finland in the past few years. The strains that have been the cause of this increase have originated from abroad, whereas the proportion of domestic strains has remained fairly constant (Fig.1). SalmonellaEnteritidis has caused 15 domestic outbreaks during the 1990s; 9, 3, and 3 were caused by Salmonella Enteritidis PT1,Salmonella Enteritidis PT4, and other phage types, respectively (21a).
Number of all salmonella infections, number of domestic and foreign Salmonella (S.) Enteritidis infections in Finland between 1965 and 1997 (21a), and number of Finnish passengers on charter flights (statistics of the Civil Aviation Administration and Statistics Finland).
When one is tracing the origin of a salmonella infection, it is important to differentiate between strains in great detail. Traditional epidemiological methods include biotyping, serotyping, and phage typing of isolates, as well as antimicrobial susceptibility testing, although these methods do not always give enough information for epidemiological purposes. Also, phage typing is not available in all laboratories, and certain strains of Salmonella Enteritidis can change phage types (1, 16, 17, 27, 28). Some phage types may predominate in a geographical area, a fact which may limit the use of phage typing in investigating local outbreaks. However, more information can be gathered by analyzing plasmids from the isolates (2, 29) or chromosomal DNA by different molecular techniques, such as ribotyping (6), IS200 typing (23), or pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) (15).
In Finland, data on the epidemiologic characteristics and potential reservoirs of Salmonella Enteritidis PT1 and PT4 have been insufficient. To gain more detailed information, the highly discriminatory technique PFGE was chosen for subtyping of the strains of these phage types (11, 14, 18). Plasmid analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were used to complement the results of PFGE.
Salmonella isolates.All strains had previously been phage typed as Salmonella Enteritidis PT1 and PT4 according to the scheme of Ward et al. (31) at the Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens and stored at −70°C in sterilized skim milk or at room temperature in nutrient agar tubes. Along with a set of PT1 and PT4 outbreak isolates, representative sets of nonoutbreak isolates from humans, as well as all available PT1 and PT4 isolates from livestock and foodstuffs, were included in the study.
Salmonella Enteritidis PT1.Fifty-seven strains of Salmonella Enteritidis PT1 were studied (Table1); 26 of the 51 human isolates were of domestic origin, and 6 of them represented the PT1 outbreaks in a 5-year period from 1991 to 1995 (Fig.2 and Table2). Two isolates (chicken liver and eggshell) were obtained from the poultry farm that was the source of the outbreaks in Turku, Finland (10). Twenty-five strains were of foreign origin; 4 of them were obtained from the Baltic countries (kindly sent by Unna Jöks, Central Laboratory of Microbiology, Health Protection Inspectorate, Tallinn, Estonia), and 21 were isolated from Finnish tourists who had been abroad preceding their salmonella infections. These nonoutbreak strains were selected randomly to represent strains from various countries. Three nonoutbreak strains were from animals, and one was from foodstuffs.
Salmonella Enteritidis PT1 isolates
Geographic occurrence of SalmonellaEnteritidis PT1 (●) and PT4 (■) outbreaks in Finland in the 1990s. See Table 2 for the number of infections in each outbreak.
Number of infections in outbreaks
Salmonella Enteritidis PT4.Forty-threeSalmonella Enteritidis PT4 strains were studied (Table3); 14 of the 32 human isolates were of domestic origin, and 6 of them represented three PT4 outbreaks between 1993 and 1995. Domestic nonoutbreak isolates from 1993 to 1995 were not available, but eight isolates from 1997 to 1998 were included in this study. Eighteen nonoutbreak strains of foreign origin, isolated in Finland from Finnish tourists who had been abroad preceding their salmonella infections, were selected randomly to represent strains from various countries. Eleven strains were from animals.
PFGE. Salmonella strains were grown overnight on Drigalski-Conradi agar plates at 37°C. Bacterial cells were suspended in 1,200 μl of TEN (0.1 M Tris-HCl, 0.15 M NaCl, 0.1 M EDTA [pH 7.5]) to an optical density at 600 nm of 0.150 to 0.200. This cell suspension was mixed in equal parts with molten 2% low-melting-point agarose (SeaPlaque agarose; FMC BioProducts, Rockland, Maine), and the mixture was pipetted into plug molds. The plugs were incubated overnight at 55 to 57°C in ES buffer (0.5 M EDTA, 1%N-(auroylsarcosine) with 0.15 mg of proteinase K per ml. The plugs were washed with TE buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA [pH 8.0]) for 30 min, with TE buffer–4 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride for 30 min to inactivate proteinase K, and with TE buffer three times for 30 min each time. The conditions for restriction endonuclease digestion and PFGE were essentially those described by Thong et al. (26). Chromosomal DNA was digested with 10 U of restriction enzymes XbaI, SpeI, and NotI (Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) overnight at 37°C. Electrophoresis was performed at 210 V on 1.0% SeaKem ME agarose gels (FMC BioProducts) with a Gene Navigator system (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) or with CHEF Mapper systems (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Richmond, Calif.). Running conditions were as follows: XbaI digests, 5 to 70 s for 24 h; SpeI digests, 5 to 40 s for 24 h; and NotI digests, 1 to 20 s for 20 h. A bacteriophage lambda ladder consisting of concatemers in increments of 48.5 kbp (New England BioLabs Inc., Beverly, Mass.) was used as a molecular weight standard. Any difference between two profiles was considered sufficient to distinguish two different PFGE profiles.XbaI-digested PFGE profiles were named with uppercase letters starting at A; the numbers 1 and 4 indicate whether the strain belonged to PT1 or PT4, respectively.
Plasmid profiling.Plasmid DNA was isolated by the alkaline lysis method as described earlier (5). Samples were analyzed by electrophoresis at 120 V for 70 min on horizontal 0.9% SeaKem ME agarose gels with a CIBCO BRL Horizon 20.25 system (Life Technologies Inc., Gathersburg, Md.). The gels were stained for 30 min with ethidium bromide (0.5 μg/ml) and photographed under UV illumination. Plasmid-containing strains RH 4240 (39R861 [30]) and RH 4241 (V517 [12]) were used as controls. Plasmid profiles were named with lowercase letters starting at a.
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing.The antimicrobial susceptibilities of the strains were determined by the agar diffusion method on semisynthetic Iso-Sensitest medium with the following antimicrobial agents (4): ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, imipenem, mecillinam, nalidixic acid, neomycin, sulfonamide, tetracycline, trimethoprim, streptomycin, and ciprofloxacin (Neo-Sensitabs; A/S Rosco, Taastrup, Denmark). Inhibition zones were interpreted according to the recommendations of the Swedish Reference Group for Antibiotics (24).
Salmonella Enteritidis PT1.Seven banding patterns (subtypes 1A to 1G) were observed among the 57 PT1 strains studied by PFGE (Table 1 and Fig. 3) when chromosomal DNAs of the strains were digested with restriction enzymeXbaI. Different test conditions showed that subtypes 1B, 1E, and 1F had fragments at 676 and 661 kb, although only one of these was visible in the fragment pattern (Fig. 3). All eight outbreak strains from Turku and Vieremä, in addition to three nonoutbreak strains belonged to PFGE subtype 1F (Table 1). Among the nonoutbreak strains, the most common PFGE subtypes were 1A (20 strains) and 1B (22 strains), whereas subtypes 1C, 1D, and 1E each included only one strain.
PFGE banding patterns of different subtypes (1A to 1G) of Salmonella Enteritidis PT1 isolates obtained when chromosomal DNA was digested with restriction enzyme XbaI. Lanes St, lambda ladder used as a molecular size marker. Arrows indicate the positions of the marker DNA fragments. Lane F, outbreak strains from Turku and Vieremä.
Six strains—one each from Turku and Vieremä, one from chicken liver, two from the Baltic countries, and one from Finnish cattle—were also digested with restriction enzymesSpeI and NotI. All sixSpeI-digested strains had indistinguishable PFGE profiles. When digested with NotI, strains from Turku, Vieremä, and chicken liver had similar PFGE profiles, but they were different from those of the two strains from the Baltic countries and the single strain from Finnish cattle (data not shown).
Seven plasmid profiles (a to g) were identified by plasmid analysis (Table 1 and Fig. 4). Profile a had one plasmid; b had four plasmids; c had three; d, e, and f each had two; and g was plasmid free (Fig. 4). Forty-seven of the 57 strains studied, including all 8 outbreak strains, had plasmid profile a, regardless of the origin (human or nonhuman, domestic or foreign) (Table 1).
Plasmid profiles (a to g) of SalmonellaEnteritidis PT1 isolates. Lane St1, Escherichia coli RH 4240 (39R861) (control). Lane St2, E. coli RH 4241 (V517) (control). The arrow indicates the position of the chromosomal DNA fragment.
When the PFGE and plasmid types were compiled, all outbreak strains belonged to subtype 1Fa. Most of the strains associated with Eastern Europe belonged to subtype 1Aa, and those associated with Western Europe belonged to subtype 1Ba. Any other clear categories based on the origin being either domestic or foreign could not be made. Two strains isolated from animals belonged to subtype 1Ba, and one belonged to subtype 1Eg (Table 1).
Twelve subtypes (Aa, Ac, Ad, Ba, Be, Bf, Ca, Dg, Eg, Fa, Fb, and Gd) were observed among the 57 PT1 strains when the results of PFGE and plasmid analyses were compiled. Four nonoutbreak strains were resistant to some antibiotics, but all other strains were sensitive to all antimicrobial agents tested (Table 1).
Salmonella Enteritidis PT4.Seven banding patterns (subtypes 4A to 4G) were represented among the 43 PT4 strains studied by PFGE after XbaI restriction of genomic DNAs (Table 3 and Fig. 5). With different test conditions, it could be seen that subtypes 4A, 4B, 4C, 4F, and 4G had fragments at 646 and 661 kb, although only one of these was visible in the fragment pattern (Fig. 5). Of the 43 strains studied, 33, including the outbreak strains from Leppävirta, belonged to PFGE subtype 4A (Table 3).
PFGE banding patterns of different subtypes (4A to 4G) of Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 isolates obtained when chromosomal DNA was digested with restriction enzyme XbaI. Lanes St, lambda ladder used as a molecular size marker. Arrows indicate the positions of the marker DNA fragments. Lane A, outbreak strains from Leppävirta; lane B, outbreak strain from Kotka; lane E, outbreak strain from Rauma.
The outbreak strains (from Leppävirta, Rauma, and Kotka) and three other strains were digested with restriction enzymesSpeI and NotI (data not shown). When digested with SpeI, only the outbreak strain from Kotka differed from the other strains in its PFGE profile. Similarly, the PFGE profile of the outbreak strain from Rauma was the only one that differed from those of the other strains when digested with NotI.
Seven plasmid profiles (a to g) were identified by plasmid analysis (Table 3 and Fig. 6). Profile a had four plasmids; b had one; c, d, and e each had two; f had three; and g was plasmid free (Fig. 6). The most common profiles were b and g; 25 of the 43 strains had the former profile, and 9 had the latter profile (Table3).
Plasmid profiles (a to g) of SalmonellaEnteritidis PT4 isolates. Lane St1, E. coli RH 4240 (39R861) (control). Lane St2, E. coli RH 4241 (V517) (control). The arrow indicates the position of the chromosomal DNA fragment.
The six outbreak strains were divided into three subtypes: 4Aa (Leppävirta in 1993), 4Bg (Kotka in 1995), and 4Eb (Rauma in 1995) (Table 3). The subtype distribution among the nonoutbreak strains differed from these. However, subtype 4Bg, which was the cause of the outbreak in Kotka in 1995, was isolated from a patient who had returned from Spain in 1995; this subtype was also isolated from a Finnish cow in 1997 (Table 3).
When the results of PFGE and plasmid analyses were compiled, 12 subtypes (Aa, Ab, Ac, Ad, Ae, Ag, Bg, Cb, Db, Eb, Fc, and Gf) were observed among the 43 PT4 strains. Four nonoutbreak strains were resistant to some antibiotics, whereas all other strains were sensitive to all antimicrobial agents tested (Table 3).
A large set of Salmonella Enteritidis PT1 and PT4 isolates from different sources was analyzed by PFGE, plasmid profiling, and antimicrobial resistance testing to gain knowledge of the distribution of their potential subtypes in Finland. It was especially hoped that these analyses would help in determining the sources of the several outbreaks caused by PT1 and PT4 isolates in the 1990s.
Finland has traditionally had very strict salmonella control for livestock, a fact which has made it easier to keep indigenously acquired salmonella infections rare, unlike in many other European countries. The European Union allowed Finland to continue with this control system even after it joined the Union. Most of the salmonella infections diagnosed in Finland have been related to a trip abroad (21, 22). In the mid-1980s, infections caused by Salmonella Enteritidis began to increase in parallel with the increasing number of Finns vacationing abroad (Fig.1). In the 1990s, Salmonella Enteritidis caused 15 outbreaks in Finland; 12 of them were caused by PT1 and PT4. However, it remained unclear from where these outbreaks originated; it was possible that the infections were connected to imported foodstuffs, that they were secondary infections caused by strains of foreign origin, or that there were some hidden reservoirs in Finnish production animals. Thus, it was necessary to try to characterize the PT1 and PT4 isolates further.
Salmonella Enteritidis PT1 was the cause of eight outbreaks in the area around Turku over a period of 5 years. In 1995, the infection source was finally found to be a poultry farm near Turku. This was the first time that Salmonella Enteritidis PT1 was detected in a Finnish commercial layer flock (10). As a result, the poultry farm was closed down, but the original source of the PT1 strain was never discovered. There were some suspicions that this strain was somehow imported from the Baltic countries, where Salmonella Enteritidis PT1 strains have been the most common Salmonella strains found in eggs (7).
The results of this study confirmed the earlier findings (10) that the Salmonella Enteritidis PT1 1Fa strain that had caused the outbreaks in Turku indeed had originated from the nearby poultry farm. It was interesting that the strains isolated in Estonia and those isolated from the Finnish tourists who had visited the Baltic countries were of type 1Aa, thus differing from the 1Fa outbreak strain and suggesting that the original source was not the Baltic countries. The 1Fa strain was also found to be the cause of the outbreak in Vieremä, which is located about 500 km northeast of Turku. Unfortunately, no connection between the outbreaks caused by identical strains in Vieremä and Turku could be found either at the time of the outbreaks or later on. Subtype 1Fa seemed to be very rare in Finland: only 1 of the 48 nonoutbreak strains belonged to this subtype, which differed from the other nonoutbreak strain subtypes by four to nine chromosomal fragments.
Among the nonoutbreak PT1 strains, subtype 1Aa seemed to be associated with Eastern Europe, and subtype 1Ba seemed to be associated with Western Europe. Type 1Ba also included two isolates from Finnish cattle. This was an important finding because there has been no identified reservoir for Salmonella Enteritidis PT1 in Finland since the commercial layer flock outbreaks in 1991 to 1995.
Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 has caused three outbreaks in different parts of Finland in the 1990s: the first was in Leppävirta in April 1993, the second was in Rauma in March 1995, and the third was in Kotka in December 1995. No connections were found between these three outbreaks at the time, and their sources were never established.
Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 is the most common phage type that contaminates eggs in Central Europe (20) and in England (9). In Finland, however, Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 has been found very rarely in cattle, less than 10 times in turkeys, and never in eggs. Imported meat has occasionally tested positive for Salmonella Enteritidis PT4.
Most of the PT4 strains belonged to PFGE subtype 4A. However, plasmid profiling was able to distinguish six profiles within this PFGE subtype. Among the 33 subtype 4A strains, only the outbreak strain in Leppävirta belonged to subtype 4Aa. Subtype 4Eb, which caused the outbreak in Rauma, differed from subtype 4Aa by three PFGE and plasmid fragments and was not found in other strains investigated here. The outbreak strain isolated in Kotka belonged to subtype 4Bg, which differed from subtype 4Ab only by one plasmid (about 45 to 60 kb), which was about the same size as the fragment that distinguished subtypes 4B and 4A in PFGE. Thus, strains of subtypes 4Bg and 4Ab could be of the same origin if these strains had lost or acquired a plasmid of this size. This finding suggests that subtypes 4Bg and 4Ab isolated from Finnish cows potentially have a reservoir in Finnish cattle and that this reservoir might have been the source of the outbreak in Kotka if these strains had lost or acquired a plasmid. These suggestions would also explain the 1997 and 1998 human isolates that belonged to subtype 4Ab. In addition, 4Bg and 4Eb differed by four PFGE fragments, whereas 4Bg and 4Aa differed by only one PFGE fragment. This one fragment was also smaller than 125 kb, a result which could indicate interference from an unstable fragment of plasmid DNA (14). However, these two subtypes, 4Bg and 4Aa, differed by four plasmids. Considering all of these results, it seems that the outbreaks in Leppävirta, Rauma, and Kotka had different origins.
This study showed that both PFGE and plasmid profiling were capable of differentiating between Salmonella Enteritidis PT1 and PT4 isolates. Some of the isolates with different PFGE subtypes had a difference of only one or two fragments in their PFGE banding patterns when digested with XbaI. Recent point mutations within a subtype might account for these minor differences (25), although the study of Murase et al. (13) concluded that the PFGE profiles of strains digested with XbaI were not affected by point mutations. Salmonellae can spontaneously lose or acquire plasmids (3), a fact which limits the use of plasmid analysis for epidemiological investigations. In this study, however, if there was a difference of several fragments in the plasmid profiles of two strains, it was considered to support the results of PFGE showing fragment patterns that differed by only a few fragments. Additional tests were done with two other restriction enzymes, SpeI andNotI. The discriminatory power of these two enzymes was, however, lower than that of XbaI.
It is also worth mentioning that without phage typing, PFGE would not have been effective in distinguishing between PT1 and PT4, since some strains showed almost identical PFGE banding patterns (1F and 4G; 1B and 4A), regardless of their phage type. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was not useful because most of the strains were sensitive to all antimicrobial agents tested.
With this collection of isolates, the genotypic methods used here showed that all PT1 isolates associated with the outbreaks were identical to each other and differed from those associated with the Baltic countries and Russia, where this phage type predominates (7). It was also established that the outbreaks caused by PT4 all had different origins. Furthermore, valuable information for future investigations was gained on the distributions of the molecular subtypes of strains that originated from the tourist resorts that are popular among Finns and of the subtypes of strains isolated from domestic production animals.
We are grateful to Unna Jöks for providing strains from the Baltic countries. We also thank Liisa Immonen, Tarja Heiskanen, and Ritva Taipalinen for skillful technical assistance and advice, Sinikka Pelkonen and Saija Hallanvuo for helpful discussions and useful comments, and Maarit Koukkari for editorial assistance.
Received 2 November 1998.
Returned for modification 14 January 1999.
Accepted 23 March 1999.
1.↵
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Ria De Camarinas (Spain) weather
Today. Maximum daytime temperature: 14 degrees Celsius; Minimum nighttime temperature: 9 degrees Celsius. Partly cloudy changing to sunny by late morning. Sunrise: 09:04; Sunset: 18:30. UV: Low;
Partly cloudy changing to sunny by late morning.
Wednesday 19 January. Maximum daytime temperature: 13 degrees Celsius; Minimum nighttime temperature: 11 degrees Celsius. Clear. Sunrise: 09:04; Sunset: 18:32. UV: Low;
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After a run of poor results at the beginning of the —15 season, Mulvey stepped down from the head coach role.
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After defeating Global F. Brisbane were knocked out in the group stage, winning just 1 match, and losing four, including a 6—0 to Ulsan Hyundai FC.
The home side started with an experimental side with some players playing in positions they were not usually deployed in.
The game ended in a shambolic fashion for Aloisi's side, who lost 1—5 to their Melbourne opponents with the only positive coming from Petros Skapetis , who scored his first goal for the club with a shot coming from outside of the box and nestling in the top left corner of the Victory net.
The season did not improve much with Brisbane without a win after 6 matches creating their worst ever season start.
The Roar finally got their first win of the season at home to Melbourne City FC , the score was 3—1 with central defender, Avraam Papadopoulos scoring an unlikely brace.
After finishing third on the A-league table in the —17 season, Brisbane Roar gained entry into the second qualifying round of the Asian Champions League where they were drawn against Filipino, Ceres-Negros F.
The match was to be played at the Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre. This match proved to be arguably the worst moment in the club's history with the Roar crashing out of the competition at the hands of the Filipino side.
Brisbane Roar scraped a sixth-place finish on the table earning just two more points than seventh placed Western Sydney Wanderers.
This sixth-place finish gave the Roar qualification for the A-League Finals Series , where they played Melbourne City in a preliminary final away.
The Brisbane-based side put on a poor display and were outplayed with the performance being reflected on the scoreline, 2—0. The post season review saw numerous changes behind the scenes.
In addition, Darren Davies was appointed second assistant coach at Aloisi's request. Aloisi's team again exited the FFA Cup at the first hurdle, losing 0—1 at home to Melbourne City despite having been back in pre-season training for 6 weeks prior to the game.
Ahead of the new season Aloisi was very optimistic about Roars chances following a near-perfect pre-season free from off-field distractions [30] with Aloisi claiming his side "has never been better".
The season opened with a tense, come-from-behind 1—1 draw vs Central Coast Mariners [31] in front of nearly 15, fans. Mariners would go on to record the worst ever start by any A-League club ever, [32] a poor start that subsequently would only be slightly worse than Aloisi's Roar side.
A second home game the following week saw a dire 0—0 draw vs Wellington Phoenix in front of more than 15, fans.
After the first 4 games, all against sides who had failed to make finals the previous season, Roar were winless with 3 points but then managed a 2—0 home win against Melbourne City, who had sacked John Aloisi for poor results five years earlier, [34] putting Roar into a finals ladder position for the first time.
Roar would go on to lose their next 4 games under Aloisi, including conceding four goals in consecutive matches, to slump to 9th on the ladder.
As the season start went from bad to worse, Aloisi had to defend his team from multiple criticisms including that many players were too old and generally over the team's very poor start; with fan discontent [35] increasing the pressure on Aloisi increased.
On 28 December , despite having received a "vote of confidence" from the Board two weeks earlier, John Aloisi resigned as manager of Brisbane Roar following the club's poor start to the season, with the Roar second-last on the A-League ladder with just 1 win in 9 matches at the time of his departure [37] [38] [39] and in the worst start to a season ever by a Brisbane Roar team.
He left as Brisbane Roar's longest serving manager. Following Aloisi's departure, Darren Davies was appointed interim head coach for an unspecified period.
Davies final game in charge ended with a 5—3 home defeat by Adelaide United [45] in front of almost 12, fans including new head coach, Robbie Fowler.
Davies' coaching record reads Played 18, Won 3, Drawn 3 and lost 12, scoring 28 goals whilst conceding The club announced the appointment of Robbie Fowler as head coach on 23 April Shortly after Fowler's appointment the club announced a massive clear out of playing staff with 14 players released in late April including marquee signing Eric Bautheac.
During the first two seasons the Roar played in a predominantly orange home strip with blue shorts and maroon socks. Queensland sporting teams traditionally play in maroon but the original home strip kept with the colours used by the team in its earlier incarnations.
The colours of orange and blue honour the club's Dutch origins. On 31 July the club announced that it had ordered a strip that was half orange and half maroon, but that the colours were manufactured for prominence on television.
For season three the home kit had been redesigned, the home strip is still orange but features maroon sleeves, the shorts are maroon instead of blue and orange socks are worn.
Danny Tiatto and Craig Moore modelled in the strip launch on 1 August [59]. Before the —10 A-League season , in accordance with the name changing of the club from Queensland Roar to Brisbane Roar, the club's logo was also changed with "Queensland" being dropped to make way for "Brisbane".
On 20 May , Reinaldo and Sergio van Dijk unveiled a new kit for the club, which would be worn for the next two seasons. The club stuck with the maroon and orange they had used for the last kit, but instead opted to drop the white slashes on the home kit.
The orange used for the previous kit was brightened to the one used in season 1 of the A-League , with the design of both the new home and away kits changing.
The slashes were dropped for a shoulder-pad style. The maroon shoulder pads would be displayed on an orange body, with maroon shorts.
This was reversed on the away kit, with the shoulder-pads being orange on a white body with orange shorts. Prior to the —12 A-League season , the club announced that maroon, which had featured in some way on the club's kits since the A-League inception , would be removed and replaced with black.
The club showed off their home kit, which was orange with black diagonal shoulders with a thin, white line under the black. This was supported by orange with black banded socks.
The away kit would turn out to be predominately black, with only the orange shoulders on the top with the white line underneath and the black with orange banded socks.
The same pants would be used for both the home and away kits, which would sport two orange bands and a white band on black pants.
After two seasons in the diagonally sashed kit, both yielding Final Series football, the first season, winning the Grand Final , Puma released a new set of kits, including, for the first time, an alternative strip, deemed by the club as an "Event" kit.
The home kit consisted of the usual orange, with black sides, black arm cuffs and a black V-neck collar, which also had a white piece of round-collared fabric attached, which had 3 centrally based lines, white in the centre, orange on the left and black on the right with white on the outside of the black and orange lines.
The away kit reverted to the white with orange sides, black arm cuffs and a black V-neck collar. As with the home kit, the away kit had an orange piece of collared fabric attached to the collar, which had 3 centrally based lines, orange in the middle with a white stripe on the left and black on the right of the orange stripe with orange on the outside of the black and white lines.
The alternative, or "event" strip, was silver with a top left to bottom right, orange diagonal sash. It also had black arm cuffs and a black V-neck collar with the inner silver fabric and the 3 centrally based stripes.
Silver stripe in the middle with a black stripe on either side of the silver stripe and silver on the outside of the two black stripes. On 15 August , before the FFA Cup game vs Stirling Lions of the —15 season , the Roar would reveal that Umbro would be making their kits for the next 4 years, ending a 4-year tenure with Puma.
Another 2 days later, the Roar released their new Umbro home kit, ditching the black pants and going with an all orange kit. On 30 November , the club signed a two and a half-year deal with cafe chain The Coffee Club to be their main shirt sponsor.
At the conclusion of the —11 A-League season, the League's collective kit deal with Reebok came to an end meaning that all A-League clubs could enter into their own separate kit manufacturer agreements.
On 2 August , the Roar announced that Puma would be the club's first kit manufacturer decided by the club, and agreed to a three-year deal with the sports brand.
The club announced that Puma would manufacture the official playing kits for all Brisbane Roar teams, including the Youth and Women's teams as well as replica kits and other merchandise.
It was then announced that Ladbrokes would be the front shirt sponsor for the Roar's friendly against Liverpool on 17 July Steadfast were announced as "Principal Partners" and "Front of Shirt Sponsors" by the club on 10 August for the duration of the —16 A-League season.
Steadfast had previously sponsored the rear of the men's teams' shirts and this new partnership would see the Steadfast logo feature on the shirts of all three Brisbane Roar teams.
In February Roar announced Central Home Loans CHL had been secured as principal partner and would feature on the front of the men's shirt for the remainder of the season [76].
Commercial painting company BBC Painting was later signed as Platinum Partner and back-of-shirt sponsor for the season.
Brisbane Roar play their home matches at the 52,capacity Lang Park known as Suncorp Stadium for sponsorship reasons in the inner-city suburb of Milton.
The site area is 7. The Stadium itself is built on 85,m 2 and adjacent bus station about 7,m 2. The Stadium has an official capacity of 52, [80] comprising the following sections:.
In addition to a range of bars and food outlets the stadium is well served by a variety of adjacent facilities:. The stadium has excellent transport links however there are no public car parking spaces in or around the stadium and the stadium operates a strict transport management program on event days, [81] transport facilities include:.
The Socceroos and The Matilda's are also occasional users of the stadium. The stadium was also used during the Asian Cup and was also one of five venues in the successful FIFA World Youth Championship where the ground hosted seven matches.
At the beginning of the —11 Season , during negotiations with the operator of Suncorp Stadium, there were suggestions that the club may move its home games to Ballymore Stadium where the club then had its administration and training facilities.
However, the owners of the club opted to stay at Suncorp Stadium on a new restructured contract that would ensure the financial viability of hosting games at the more expensive Suncorp Stadium.
These matches are the first 'home' league fixtures that the Roar have played at a venue other than Suncorp Stadium in the club's history. In a spectacular A-League Grand Final , the 50, strong fans would make history, being the largest crowd to watch both the Roar and a football match in Brisbane.
The complex becoming the club's first permanent training home ahead of the —19 season. Prior to that the club had a nomadic existence moving between a variety of training venues in its first decade of operation.
The initial training ground was at Lions F. During their —16 campaign, the Nathan campus of Griffith University became Brisbane Roar's new training base, with the Roar's contract at long-time training venue Ballymore Stadium expiring, and the field at their previous Perry Park administration base not meeting the standards required by the Roar.
In , Brisbane Roar announced the club would move to a permanent administration and training facility in Logan City.
In March the club formally opened their state-of-the-art Logan Center-of-Excellence with Administration moving in immediately and pre-season training for the men's team commencing in June [96].
In March , just a week after the club won its first Grand Final, the FFA would take back the club's licence, agreeing to fund the club until new owners were found.
Football Federation Australia CEO Ben Buckley thanked the previous owners for pouring money into the Roar, who stayed they could not keep up with the future costs for the club.
Following this change of ownership, the new chairman of the Roar was announced as Dali Tahir. After becoming the first majority-share foreign owner of an A-League team, on 6 February , the FFA announced that Bakrie had acquired percent ownership of the Brisbane club.
Queensland Lions held a majority share in the club through to Brisbane Roar maintains one of the highest average attendances in the Hyundai A League, normally above the competition's season average, and by the end of —19 a grand total of 2,, supporters had seen Roar home games, giving a season average attendance of 13, The —19 season saw Roar welcome their 2,,th A-League Fan through the gates.
Brisbane has two main supporters groups. The second and more recently formed in , is the "Roar Supporters Federation" RSF , which is a broad based supporters group intended to give a voice to all fans with club owners and management.
In January , Roar became the latest A-League club to become embroiled in a dispute with active supporters. Hours before kickoff of their round 14 fixture against Melbourne Victory the club announced that they were withdrawing their support from the incumbent steering committee of "The Den".
Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Brisbane have had seven captains throughout their A-League history with Matt McKay holding the position on two separate occasions: [].
Brisbane hold the Australian record of 36 consecutive games without defeat. Brisbane Roar 7, Adelaide United 1 on 28 October Bersart Berisha holds the record for the fastest goal scored, scoring in the first minute of the 3—2 win over Melbourne Victory on 18 February The goal was recorded as 43 seconds [].
Aaron Calver scored for Sydney with just 40 seconds on the clock in their 3—1 win over Brisbane at Suncorp Stadium on 29 March Matt McKay holds the record for most appearances with , including starts for a total of 23, minutes played.
Bersart Berisha is the club's all-time top scorer with 50 goals in 84 appearances between and Berisha scored 48 league goals in 76 appearances plus 2 goals in the Asian Champions League.
Brisbane's highest attendance is 51, for the Grand Final vs. Western Sydney Wanderers. John Aloisi holds the record for most A-League games coached with 95 games between and Aloisi won 38, drew 23 and lost 34 of those games.
Izaack Powell became the youngest player to represent Brisbane Roar in the Hyundai A-League when he made his debut off the bench against Sydney FC at just 16 years, days [] on 8 February In doing so, he became the youngest player to play for the Brisbane Roar at 16 years, 9 months and 1 days.
Tommy Oar is the youngest player to score a goal at the age of 17 years and 18 days old vs Wellington Phoenix in Round 17 of the —09 season.
Broich played games for Roar between and Broich is considered one of the greatest players in A-League history. In May Michael Theo was inducted in to the Hall of Fame making appearances between and Theo won two A-League Premierships with Roar in —11 and —14 and three Championships in — , — , — He was also voted A-League 'Goalkeeper of the Year' in and holds the record for the most minutes played not conceding a goal in an Australian League — McKay made appearances across 2 spells with Roar in addition to 59 Socceroos caps.
McKay won two championships with Roar. The Club launched its Academy in January The Pre-Academy serves players in the U10 age group up to U13 and is delivered through a network of partner clubs.
The Academy does not currently accommodate girls. In Football Federation Australia revoked the clubs Licence to participate.
These changes did not eventuate but the club's name was changed to reflect its identity as a Brisbane club rather than a state-wide franchise.
In , head coach Frank Farina's second charge for drink-driving within two-and-a-half years occurred as he made his way to training, which forced Roar to launch an internal investigation, that led to his sacking.
In , Ange Postecoglou, the mastermind behind Brisbane Roar's historic back-to-back A-League championships, quit the club two days after Roar's second title victory to join bitter rivals Melbourne Victory.
The move angered many supporters. In , star midfielder Luke Brattan walked out on the club over unpaid Super contributions. A crisis engulfed Brisbane Roar when the club's managing director effectively accused club owners of lying over promises to fund the club properly.
The history of the Roar had often been muddied since the A-League license first changed hands in ; legendary football writer Michael Cockerill wrote "rightfully, the owners have opted to respect history, rather than trash it".
In , just 14 months after being appointed by club owners to replace Cobb, MD Mark Kingsman was fired in a surprise move by Roar chairman Rahim Soekasah who cited continued growth, greater governance and oversight and deeper connection with members, the business sector and the wider community as reasons for the move.
In , Roar's'peeling shirt numbers and a shock loss to Ceres-Negros in the Asian Champions League caused embarrassment [] with supporters calling it the "lowest moment in the club's history".
In , in January the organising committee of 'The Den' supporters group withdrew organisation of Active Support issued demands on the club and refused to organise support for games until they were met, in response the club withdrew recognition of the organising committee.
River City Crew where the OG active area. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about the men's senior team.
Australian soccer club. Home colours. Away colours. Third colours. See also: Queensland Lions FC. Herald Sun. Retrieved 20 February Retrieved 27 April The Sydney Morning Herald.
Retrieved 2 May Retrieved 2 February Retrieved 14 November The Roar. Retrieved 7 July Australian Associated Press.
They received a five-figured compensation package in exchange for allowing the Lions the use of its name following the merger of Brisbane and Fitzroy AFL clubs.
Archived from the original on 20 December Retrieved 20 December Retrieved 28 April Football Federation Australia. Retrieved 8 October Brisbane Times.
Archived from the original on 23 May The Courier-Mail. Western Sydney Wanderers. Central Coast Mariners.
Newcastle Jets. Adelaide United. Melbourne Victory. Wellington Phoenix. Western United. Crocombe 27 years old 6 0. Young 35 years old 21 0. Freke 21 years old 0 0.
Brown 26 years old 15 1. Bowles 29 years old 12 0. Aldred 30 years old 26 1. Gillesphey 24 years old 27 1.
Hingert 30 years old 18 0. Trewin 19 years old 3 0. Powell 18 years old 4 0. Courtney-Perkins 18 years old 7 0. Garuccio 25 years old 0 0.
Ridenton 24 years old 5 1. Mells 23 years old 0 0. McGing 26 years old 8 0. Akbari 20 years old 5 0.
O'Shea 32 years old 27 1. Ingham 27 years old 9 0.
Brisbane Roar Fc Navigation menu Video
Highlights - Brisbane Roar 0 - 1 Western United - A-League 2019/20 Elimination Final
Brisbane Roar Fc Menu nawigacyjne Video
BRFC Girls-Only Skills Training Program - AcademyTV
Brisbane Roar Fc Spis treści Video
Highlights - Brisbane Roar 0 - 1 Western United - A-League 2019/20 Elimination Final Flashscore Live Füge deinen eigenen hinzu. Israel — ISR. Melbourne City. Argentinien Italien Portugal Frankreich Russland. Alle Zugänge. Jesse Daley. Garuccio 25 Jahre 0 0. Wellington Phoenix. Joe Champness J. Josh Brindell-South Linker Verteidiger. Newcastle Jets. Tom Aldred. Cup Südbaden Reg. Brown 26 Jahre 15 Subway Surfers Jetzt Spielen. In doing so, he became the youngest player to Derrick Rose Position for the Brisbane Roar at 16 years, 9 months and 1 days. Roar would go on to lose their next 4 games under Aloisi, including conceding four goals in consecutive matches, to slump to 9th on the ladder. Retrieved 4 October Squad Current Statistics. After becoming the first majority-share foreign owner of an A-League team, on 6 FebruaryLustige Pc Spiele Zu Zweit FFA announced that Bakrie had acquired percent ownership of the Brisbane club.
Another 2 days later, the Roar released their new Umbro home kit, ditching the black pants and going with an all orange kit.
On 30 November , the club signed a two and a half-year deal with cafe chain The Coffee Club to be their main shirt sponsor.
In addition to a range of bars and food outlets the stadium is well served by a variety of adjacent facilities:.
The stadium has excellent transport links however there are no public car parking spaces in or around the stadium and the stadium operates a strict transport management program on event days, [81] transport facilities include:.
Broich played games for Roar between and Broich is considered one of the greatest players in A-League history.
In May Michael Theo was inducted in to the Hall of Fame making appearances between and Theo won two A-League Premierships with Roar in —11 and —14 and three Championships in — , — , — He was also voted A-League 'Goalkeeper of the Year' in and holds the record for the most minutes played not conceding a goal in an Australian League — McKay made appearances across 2 spells with Roar in addition to 59 Socceroos caps.
The move angered many supporters. In , star midfielder Luke Brattan walked out on the club over unpaid Super contributions.
A crisis engulfed Brisbane Roar when the club's managing director effectively accused club owners of lying over promises to fund the club properly.
Archived from the original on 23 May The Courier-Mail. Fox Sports. Archived from the original on 28 April Archived from the original on 21 December Retrieved 18 December Retrieved 8 January Fox Sports Australia.
News Corporation. Retrieved 25 January Brisbane Roar FC. Retrieved 4 January Melbourne Victory. Wellington Phoenix. Western United. Crocombe 27 years old 6 0.
Young 35 years old 21 0. Freke 21 years old 0 0. Brown 26 years old 15 1. Bowles 29 years old 12 0. Aldred 30 years old 26 1. Gillesphey 24 years old 27 1.
Hingert 30 years old 18 0. Trewin 19 years old 3 0. Powell 18 years old 4 0. Courtney-Perkins 18 years old 7 0.
Garuccio 25 years old 0 0. Ridenton 24 years old 5 1. The Roar named a man squad for the contest with all players earning time on-field as Jay O'Shea's sublime free-kick early In the first half in front.
Head Coach Warren Moon says Saturday's clash against Eastern Suburbs will serve as a reward for a strong opening to pre-season preparations.
The Club's newest Silver partner, an award-winning dietician company, will provide a dedicated. Twenty years after making his first appearances in reserve grade as a year-old, Saturday's pre-season fixture will provide a little nostalgia for goalkeeper Jamie Young.


text:
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RPG Review: The World Wide Wrestling RPG


This week my mom came to visit me from Florida and brought me a bunch of garage sale goodies! Among all of the treasures were two oval embroidery hoops. As soon as I saw them, I thought they looked like eggs so I decided upcycle them into adorable Easter eggs!
1. Oval embroidery hoops. If you like to embroider, you might already have these on hand. If not, try looking at thrift stores or garage sales before you think about buying them at the craft store.
2. Fabric. I used felt that a friend gave to me for my craft projects! If you can, use the eco-friendly fabrics we've shared in our fab fabrics category.
5. Hot glue/hot glue gun.
Once you finish adding all of your accessories, you're finished!
Your embroidery hoop Easter eggs could be hung up as wall art or they could go on your table as a centerpiece at a family get-together. Where would you put your embroidery hoop Easter eggs? Share your ideas on our facebook wall or in the comment section below! Also, if you have your own eco-friendly Easter projects, link them up to our Green Crafts Showcase— we could feature your project on our site!


This month saw this lovely rosewood satin Model Va piano come in the showroom. Built in 1887 the piano has a lovely patterned music stand as can be seen in the picture below and the lyre and legs are beautifully turned columns.
The piano plays well and gives a responsive sound to a confident touch as the sound is as rich as expected from a Bechstein.
The interior of the piano is shown in the picture above.


text:
Q: VBA - encoding, .csv format and separators' change I need to create a script which saves active sheet in .csv, using UTF-8 encoding and changes separators. I'm totally new in VBA thing so I've found here some useful code. The one thing that is missing is encoding. I tried to do it by myself without success.
Sub Zapisz_Arkusz_Jako_CSV()

'wg http://www.mcgimpsey.com/excel/textfiles.html

Const myListSeparator As String = ";"
Const myDecimalSeparator As String = "."
Const myDateFormat As String = "yyyy-mm-dd"

Dim Path As String
Dim nFileNum As Long
Dim myRecord As Range
Dim myField As Range
Dim myFieldText As String
Dim sOut As String

Path = Left(ActiveWorkbook.FullName, _
          InStr(ActiveWorkbook.FullName, ".") - 1) & _
          "_" & ActiveSheet.Name & ".csv"

If MsgBox("Arkusz zostanie zapisany jako:  " & _
        vbNewLine & vbNewLine & Path, vbOKCancel, _
        "  Zapisywanie aktywnego arkusza") = vbOK Then

nFileNum = FreeFile
Open Path For Output As #nFileNum

For Each myRecord In Range("A1:A" & _
                           Range("A" & Rows.Count).End(xlUp).Row)
  With myRecord
    For Each myField In Range(.Cells, _
                              Cells(.Row, Columns.Count).End(xlToLeft))
      Select Case TypeName(myField.Value)
      Case "Date"
        myFieldText = Format(myField.Value, myDateFormat)
      Case "Double", "Currency"
        myFieldText = WorksheetFunction.Substitute( _
                      myField.Text, _
                      Application.DecimalSeparator, _
                      myDecimalSeparator)
      Case Else
        myFieldText = myField.Text
      End Select
      sOut = sOut & myListSeparator & myFieldText
    Next myField
    Print #nFileNum, Mid(sOut, 2)
    sOut = Empty
  End With
  Output.Charset = "utf-8"
Next myRecord
Close #nFileNum
 End If
End Sub

This one shows me information that for .Charset i need an object. So where is the proper place for it? Or maybe should I do it other way?
Thank you in advance :)

A: Here is your code according to this post
Sub Zapisz_Arkusz_Jako_CSV()

'wg http://www.mcgimpsey.com/excel/textfiles.html

Const myListSeparator As String = ";"
Const myDecimalSeparator As String = "."
Const myDateFormat As String = "yyyy-mm-dd"

Dim Path As String
Dim nFileNum As Long
Dim myRecord As Range
Dim myField As Range
Dim myFieldText As String
Dim sOut As String

Path = Left(ActiveWorkbook.FullName, _
      InStr(ActiveWorkbook.FullName, ".") - 1) & _
      "_" & ActiveSheet.Name & ".csv"

If MsgBox("Arkusz zostanie zapisany jako:  " & _
    vbNewLine & vbNewLine & Path, vbOKCancel, _
    "  Zapisywanie aktywnego arkusza") = vbOK Then

Dim fsT As Object
Set fsT = CreateObject("ADODB.Stream")
fsT.Type = 2 'Specify stream type - we want To save text/string data.
fsT.Charset = "utf-8" 'Specify charset For the source text data.
fsT.Open 'Open the stream And write binary data To the object

For Each myRecord In Range("A1:A" & _
                       Range("A" & Rows.Count).End(xlUp).Row)
    With myRecord
        For Each myField In Range(.Cells, _
                          Cells(.Row, Columns.Count).End(xlToLeft))
          Select Case TypeName(myField.Value)
             Case "Date"
                myFieldText = Format(myField.Value, myDateFormat)
              Case "Double", "Currency"
                myFieldText = WorksheetFunction.Substitute( _
                  myField.Text, _
                  Application.DecimalSeparator, _
                  myDecimalSeparator)
              Case Else
                myFieldText = myField.Text
          End Select
          sOut = sOut & myListSeparator & myFieldText
        Next myField
        fsT.WriteText Mid(sOut, 2) & vbCrLf
        sOut = Empty
    End With

    Next myRecord
    fsT.SaveToFile Path, 2 'Save binary data To disk
    fsT.Flush
    fsT.Close
    End If
End Sub


text:
Project Typologies
Vacation House in Pylos
Vacation House|in Pylos
The concept derives from the natural environment, historical past and overall impression of Messinia. The design deals with the interdependence of the house and its surroundings by dividing the interior into introverted and extroverted spaces, into private or more public areas, while ranking viewpoints and spatial roles of varying significance. The resulting microcosm encourages participation in a series of actions related to the familiar and non-familiar, stimulating sensations and feelings that correspond to the ambience of the moment. The overall organization is laid out as a sum of individual volumes pertaining to the gradation of vistas and architectural spaces.
A modular structure thus arises, indicating the balance of these relationships and effortlessly highlighting the reason behind the design. The architecture is focused on materiality and emerges as an extension of the natural landscape while recalling memories of the architectural tradition of Messinia. The building acts as a mediator between the user and the local building idiom by unfolding a narrative about the time that has passed and the one that is yet to come, a narrative characterized by various intersecting flows of investigation.
Client: Undisclosed
Location: Pylos, Peloponnese, Greece
Building Area: 1.340 m2
The design deals with the interdependence of the house and its surroundings by dividing the interior into introverted and extroverted spaces, into private or more public areas, while ranking viewpoints and spatial roles of varying significance.
The design deals with the interdependence of the house and its surroundings by dividing the interior into introverted and extroverted spaces, into private or more public areas.
Vacation_House, Pylos, Potiropoulos+Partners
potiropoulos


I used to think that in order to see new things, experience new places, and meet new people, I had to travel abroad. I had to save, work, save some more, and buy a plane ticket to a place thousands and thousands of miles from my home, and though my yearning for ten hour plane rides is still a very, very real thing, there has been a shift in the way I view adventure.
All of those things that I mentioned above, they surround you. They are right there, waiting for the moment you step foot outside your front door.
I had my pills counted and put in their proper containers, snacks in the front seat, bags packed and puzzled together in the back (honestly, Adam did the majority of this), gas tank filled, and coffee placed in the center console.
It was time for an adventure, and my gosh I couldn't wait to get going!


Heat the oil with the remaining 1/2 tsp. cumin seeds, the coriander, and peppercorns in a large wok, Dutch oven, or 12-inch skillet over medium-high heat, and cook until the cumin is browned, about 2 minutes. Add the jalapeño and cook until sizzling and just starting to soften, 30 to 60 seconds, and then add the cabbage and carrots. (If using a skillet, the pan will be crowded at first.) Cook, stirring occasionally until the cabbage has wilted yet is still al dente, 3 to 4 minutes. Stir in the freshly ground cumin, salt, and sugar, and cook for 30 seconds. Remove the skillet from the heat. Stir in the cilantro and lime juice and taste for seasoning.


text:
Sitara Thobani
Office: C320C Snyder Hall
Email: thobanis@msu.edu
PhD, University of Oxford, St Antony's College
MA, Sociology and Equity Studies, OISE, University of Toronto
BA, University of British Columbia
Sitara Thobani's research focuses on the performance arts in colonial and postcolonial South Asia and its diasporas. More specifically she is interested in how artistic practices, as well as representations of these practices, help construct particular formations of gender, sexuality, religion and nation. Sitara draws on postcolonial feminist and critical race studies in her scholarship, as well as her experiences as a trained Indian classical dance performer. In both her academic work and artistic practice, she questions essentialisng discourses by unpacking the complex histories and underlying relations of power that produce them.
Based on her ethnographic fieldwork in the UK and India, Sitara's research has demonstrated how performances of Indian classical dance serve as a critical site for the mutual constitution of deeply entangled Indian, diasporic and British national identities. This research is presented in her book, Indian Classical Dance and the Making of Postcolonial National Identities: Dancing on Empire's Stage (Routledge 2017). Sitara has also published journal articles in MUSICultures and Anthropology in Action, as well as a book chapter in Religion and Migration in Europe: Comparative Perspectives on South Asian Experiences (edited by E. Gallo).
Sitara has a PhD in Social and Cultural Anthropology from the University of Oxford, an MA in Sociology and Equity Studies from the University of Toronto, and a BA in Anthropology and Asian Studies from the University of British Columbia. An Assistant Professor in RCAH, she is also affiliated with the Asian Studies Program and the Muslim Studies Program at Michigan State University.
Indian Classical Dance and the Making of Postcolonial National Identities: Dancing on Empire's Stage