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ENG / Activities / Equality & Non-dsicrimination / EU Employment Equality Directive
Council Directive 2000/78/EC of 27 November 2000 establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation
Official Journal L 303 , 02/12/2000 P. 0016 - 0022
Council Directive 2000/78/EC
of 27 November 2000
establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Article 13 thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission(1),
Having regard to the Opinion of the European Parliament(2),
Having regard to the Opinion of the Economic and Social Committee(3),
Having regard to the Opinion of the Committee of the Regions(4),
(1) In accordance with Article 6 of the Treaty on European Union, the European Union is founded on the principles of liberty, democracy, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, and the rule of law, principles which are common to all Member States and it respects fundamental rights, as guaranteed by the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and as they result from the constitutional traditions common to the Member States, as general principles of Community law.
(2) The principle of equal treatment between women and men is well established by an important body of Community law, in particular in Council Directive 76/207/EEC of 9 February 1976 on the implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women as regards access to employment, vocational training and promotion, and working conditions(5).
(3) In implementing the principle of equal treatment, the Community should, in accordance with Article 3(2) of the EC Treaty, aim to eliminate inequalities, and to promote equality between men and women, especially since women are often the victims of multiple discrimination.
(4) The right of all persons to equality before the law and protection against discrimination constitutes a universal right recognised by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, United Nations Covenants on Civil and Political Rights and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and by the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, to which all Member States are signatories. Convention No 111 of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) prohibits discrimination in the field of employment and occupation.
(5) It is important to respect such fundamental rights and freedoms. This Directive does not prejudice freedom of association, including the right to establish unions with others and to join unions to defend one's interests.
(6) The Community Charter of the Fundamental Social Rights of Workers recognises the importance of combating every form of discrimination, including the need to take appropriate action for the social and economic integration of elderly and disabled people.
(7) The EC Treaty includes among its objectives the promotion of coordination between employment policies of the Member States. To this end, a new employment chapter was incorporated in the EC Treaty as a means of developing a coordinated European strategy for employment to promote a skilled, trained and adaptable workforce.
(8) The Employment Guidelines for 2000 agreed by the European Council at Helsinki on 10 and 11 December 1999 stress the need to foster a labour market favourable to social integration by formulating a coherent set of policies aimed at combating discrimination against groups such as persons with disability. They also emphasise the need to pay particular attention to supporting older workers, in order to increase their participation in the labour force.
(9) Employment and occupation are key elements in guaranteeing equal opportunities for all and contribute strongly to the full participation of citizens in economic, cultural and social life and to realising their potential.
(10) On 29 June 2000 the Council adopted Directive 2000/43/EC(6) implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin. That Directive already provides protection against such discrimination in the field of employment and occupation.
(11) Discrimination based on religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation may undermine the achievement of the objectives of the EC Treaty, in particular the attainment of a high level of employment and social protection, raising the standard of living and the quality of life, economic and social cohesion and solidarity, and the free movement of persons.
(12) To this end, any direct or indirect discrimination based on religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation as regards the areas covered by this Directive should be prohibited throughout the Community. This prohibition of discrimination should also apply to nationals of third countries but does not cover differences of treatment based on nationality and is without prejudice to provisions governing the entry and residence of third-country nationals and their access to employment and occupation.
(13) This Directive does not apply to social security and social protection schemes whose benefits are not treated as income within the meaning given to that term for the purpose of applying Article 141 of the EC Treaty, nor to any kind of payment by the State aimed at providing access to employment or maintaining employment.
(14) This Directive shall be without prejudice to national provisions laying down retirement ages.
(15) The appreciation of the facts from which it may be inferred that there has been direct or indirect discrimination is a matter for national judicial or other competent bodies, in accordance with rules of national law or practice. Such rules may provide, in particular, for indirect discrimination to be established by any means including on the basis of statistical evidence.
(16) The provision of measures to accommodate the needs of disabled people at the workplace plays an important role in combating discrimination on grounds of disability.
(17) This Directive does not require the recruitment, promotion, maintenance in employment or training of an individual who is not competent, capable and available to perform the essential functions of the post concerned or to undergo the relevant training, without prejudice to the obligation to provide reasonable accommodation for people with disabilities.
(18) This Directive does not require, in particular, the armed forces and the police, prison or emergency services to recruit or maintain in employment persons who do not have the required capacity to carry out the range of functions that they may be called upon to perform with regard to the legitimate objective of preserving the operational capacity of those services.
(19) Moreover, in order that the Member States may continue to safeguard the combat effectiveness of their armed forces, they may choose not to apply the provisions of this Directive concerning disability and age to all or part of their armed forces. The Member States which make that choice must define the scope of that derogation.
(20) Appropriate measures should be provided, i.e. effective and practical measures to adapt the workplace to the disability, for example adapting premises and equipment, patterns of working time, the distribution of tasks or the provision of training or integration resources.
(21) To determine whether the measures in question give rise to a disproportionate burden, account should be taken in particular of the financial and other costs entailed, the scale and financial resources of the organisation or undertaking and the possibility of obtaining public funding or any other assistance.
(22) This Directive is without prejudice to national laws on marital status and the benefits dependent thereon.
(23) In very limited circumstances, a difference of treatment may be justified where a characteristic related to religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation constitutes a genuine and determining occupational requirement, when the objective is legitimate and the requirement is proportionate. Such circumstances should be included in the information provided by the Member States to the Commission.
(24) The European Union in its Declaration No 11 on the status of churches and non-confessional organisations, annexed to the Final Act of the Amsterdam Treaty, has explicitly recognised that it respects and does not prejudice the status under national law of churches and religious associations or communities in the Member States and that it equally respects the status of philosophical and non-confessional organisations. With this in view, Member States may maintain or lay down specific provisions on genuine, legitimate and justified occupational requirements which might be required for carrying out an occupational activity.
(25) The prohibition of age discrimination is an essential part of meeting the aims set out in the Employment Guidelines and encouraging diversity in the workforce. However, differences in treatment in connection with age may be justified under certain circumstances and therefore require specific provisions which may vary in accordance with the situation in Member States. It is therefore essential to distinguish between differences in treatment which are justified, in particular by legitimate employment policy, labour market and vocational training objectives, and discrimination which must be prohibited.
(26) The prohibition of discrimination should be without prejudice to the maintenance or adoption of measures intended to prevent or compensate for disadvantages suffered by a group of persons of a particular religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation, and such measures may permit organisations of persons of a particular religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation where their main object is the promotion of the special needs of those persons.
(27) In its Recommendation 86/379/EEC of 24 July 1986 on the employment of disabled people in the Community(7), the Council established a guideline framework setting out examples of positive action to promote the employment and training of disabled people, and in its Resolution of 17 June 1999 on equal employment opportunities for people with disabilities(8), affirmed the importance of giving specific attention inter alia to recruitment, retention, training and lifelong learning with regard to disabled persons.
(28) This Directive lays down minimum requirements, thus giving the Member States the option of introducing or maintaining more favourable provisions. The implementation of this Directive should not serve to justify any regression in relation to the situation which already prevails in each Member State.
(29) Persons who have been subject to discrimination based on religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation should have adequate means of legal protection. To provide a more effective level of protection, associations or legal entities should also be empowered to engage in proceedings, as the Member States so determine, either on behalf or in support of any victim, without prejudice to national rules of procedure concerning representation and defence before the courts.
(30) The effective implementation of the principle of equality requires adequate judicial protection against victimisation.
(31) The rules on the burden of proof must be adapted when there is a prima facie case of discrimination and, for the principle of equal treatment to be applied effectively, the burden of proof must shift back to the respondent when evidence of such discrimination is brought. However, it is not for the respondent to prove that the plaintiff adheres to a particular religion or belief, has a particular disability, is of a particular age or has a particular sexual orientation.
(32) Member States need not apply the rules on the burden of proof to proceedings in which it is for the court or other competent body to investigate the facts of the case. The procedures thus referred to are those in which the plaintiff is not required to prove the facts, which it is for the court or competent body to investigate.
(33) Member States should promote dialogue between the social partners and, within the framework of national practice, with non-governmental organisations to address different forms of discrimination at the workplace and to combat them.
(34) The need to promote peace and reconciliation between the major communities in Northern Ireland necessitates the incorporation of particular provisions into this Directive.
(35) Member States should provide for effective, proportionate and dissuasive sanctions in case of breaches of the obligations under this Directive.
(36) Member States may entrust the social partners, at their joint request, with the implementation of this Directive, as regards the provisions concerning collective agreements, provided they take any necessary steps to ensure that they are at all times able to guarantee the results required by this Directive.
(37) In accordance with the principle of subsidiarity set out in Article 5 of the EC Treaty, the objective of this Directive, namely the creation within the Community of a level playing-field as regards equality in employment and occupation, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States and can therefore, by reason of the scale and impact of the action, be better achieved at Community level. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article, this Directive does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve that objective,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
The purpose of this Directive is to lay down a general framework for combating discrimination on the grounds of religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation as regards employment and occupation, with a view to putting into effect in the Member States the principle of equal treatment.
Concept of discrimination
1. For the purposes of this Directive, the "principle of equal treatment" shall mean that there shall be no direct or indirect discrimination whatsoever on any of the grounds referred to in Article 1.
2. For the purposes of paragraph 1:
(a) direct discrimination shall be taken to occur where one person is treated less favourably than another is, has been or would be treated in a comparable situation, on any of the grounds referred to in Article 1;
(b) indirect discrimination shall be taken to occur where an apparently neutral provision, criterion or practice would put persons having a particular religion or belief, a particular disability, a particular age, or a particular sexual orientation at a particular disadvantage compared with other persons unless:
(i) that provision, criterion or practice is objectively justified by a legitimate aim and the means of achieving that aim are appropriate and necessary, or
(ii) as regards persons with a particular disability, the employer or any person or organisation to whom this Directive applies, is obliged, under national legislation, to take appropriate measures in line with the principles contained in Article 5 in order to eliminate disadvantages entailed by such provision, criterion or practice.
3. Harassment shall be deemed to be a form of discrimination within the meaning of paragraph 1, when unwanted conduct related to any of the grounds referred to in Article 1 takes place with the purpose or effect of violating the dignity of a person and of creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment. In this context, the concept of harassment may be defined in accordance with the national laws and practice of the Member States.
4. An instruction to discriminate against persons on any of the grounds referred to in Article 1 shall be deemed to be discrimination within the meaning of paragraph 1.
5. This Directive shall be without prejudice to measures laid down by national law which, in a democratic society, are necessary for public security, for the maintenance of public order and the prevention of criminal offences, for the protection of health and for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.
1. Within the limits of the areas of competence conferred on the Community, this Directive shall apply to all persons, as regards both the public and private sectors, including public bodies, in relation to:
(a) conditions for access to employment, to self-employment or to occupation, including selection criteria and recruitment conditions, whatever the branch of activity and at all levels of the professional hierarchy, including promotion;
(b) access to all types and to all levels of vocational guidance, vocational training, advanced vocational training and retraining, including practical work experience;
(c) employment and working conditions, including dismissals and pay;
(d) membership of, and involvement in, an organisation of workers or employers, or any organisation whose members carry on a particular profession, including the benefits provided for by such organisations.
2. This Directive does not cover differences of treatment based on nationality and is without prejudice to provisions and conditions relating to the entry into and residence of third-country nationals and stateless persons in the territory of Member States, and to any treatment which arises from the legal status of the third-country nationals and stateless persons concerned.
3. This Directive does not apply to payments of any kind made by state schemes or similar, including state social security or social protection schemes.
4. Member States may provide that this Directive, in so far as it relates to discrimination on the grounds of disability and age, shall not apply to the armed forces.
1. Notwithstanding Article 2(1) and (2), Member States may provide that a difference of treatment which is based on a characteristic related to any of the grounds referred to in Article 1 shall not constitute discrimination where, by reason of the nature of the particular occupational activities concerned or of the context in which they are carried out, such a characteristic constitutes a genuine and determining occupational requirement, provided that the objective is legitimate and the requirement is proportionate.
2. Member States may maintain national legislation in force at the date of adoption of this Directive or provide for future legislation incorporating national practices existing at the date of adoption of this Directive pursuant to which, in the case of occupational activities within churches and other public or private organisations the ethos of which is based on religion or belief, a difference of treatment based on a person's religion or belief shall not constitute discrimination where, by reason of the nature of these activities or of the context in which they are carried out, a person's religion or belief constitute a genuine, legitimate and justified occupational requirement, having regard to the organisation's ethos. This difference of treatment shall be implemented taking account of Member States' constitutional provisions and principles, as well as the general principles of Community law, and should not justify discrimination on another ground.
Provided that its provisions are otherwise complied with, this Directive shall thus not prejudice the right of churches and other public or private organisations, the ethos of which is based on religion or belief, acting in conformity with national constitutions and laws, to require individuals working for them to act in good faith and with loyalty to the organisation's ethos.
Reasonable accommodation for disabled persons
In order to guarantee compliance with the principle of equal treatment in relation to persons with disabilities, reasonable accommodation shall be provided. This means that employers shall take appropriate measures, where needed in a particular case, to enable a person with a disability to have access to, participate in, or advance in employment, or to undergo training, unless such measures would impose a disproportionate burden on the employer. This burden shall not be disproportionate when it is sufficiently remedied by measures existing within the framework of the disability policy of the Member State concerned.
Justification of differences of treatment on grounds of age
1. Notwithstanding Article 2(2), Member States may provide that differences of treatment on grounds of age shall not constitute discrimination, if, within the context of national law, they are objectively and reasonably justified by a legitimate aim, including legitimate employment policy, labour market and vocational training objectives, and if the means of achieving that aim are appropriate and necessary.
Such differences of treatment may include, among others:
(a) the setting of special conditions on access to employment and vocational training, employment and occupation, including dismissal and remuneration conditions, for young people, older workers and persons with caring responsibilities in order to promote their vocational integration or ensure their protection;
(b) the fixing of minimum conditions of age, professional experience or seniority in service for access to employment or to certain advantages linked to employment;
(c) the fixing of a maximum age for recruitment which is based on the training requirements of the post in question or the need for a reasonable period of employment before retirement.
2. Notwithstanding Article 2(2), Member States may provide that the fixing for occupational social security schemes of ages for admission or entitlement to retirement or invalidity benefits, including the fixing under those schemes of different ages for employees or groups or categories of employees, and the use, in the context of such schemes, of age criteria in actuarial calculations, does not constitute discrimination on the grounds of age, provided this does not result in discrimination on the grounds of sex.
Positive action
1. With a view to ensuring full equality in practice, the principle of equal treatment shall not prevent any Member State from maintaining or adopting specific measures to prevent or compensate for disadvantages linked to any of the grounds referred to in Article 1.
2. With regard to disabled persons, the principle of equal treatment shall be without prejudice to the right of Member States to maintain or adopt provisions on the protection of health and safety at work or to measures aimed at creating or maintaining provisions or facilities for safeguarding or promoting their integration into the working environment.
1. Member States may introduce or maintain provisions which are more favourable to the protection of the principle of equal treatment than those laid down in this Directive.
2. The implementation of this Directive shall under no circumstances constitute grounds for a reduction in the level of protection against discrimination already afforded by Member States in the fields covered by this Directive.
REMEDIES AND ENFORCEMENT
Defence of rights
1. Member States shall ensure that judicial and/or administrative procedures, including where they deem it appropriate conciliation procedures, for the enforcement of obligations under this Directive are available to all persons who consider themselves wronged by failure to apply the principle of equal treatment to them, even after the relationship in which the discrimination is alleged to have occurred has ended.
2. Member States shall ensure that associations, organisations or other legal entities which have, in accordance with the criteria laid down by their national law, a legitimate interest in ensuring that the provisions of this Directive are complied with, may engage, either on behalf or in support of the complainant, with his or her approval, in any judicial and/or administrative procedure provided for the enforcement of obligations under this Directive.
3. Paragraphs 1 and 2 are without prejudice to national rules relating to time limits for bringing actions as regards the principle of equality of treatment.
1. Member States shall take such measures as are necessary, in accordance with their national judicial systems, to ensure that, when persons who consider themselves wronged because the principle of equal treatment has not been applied to them establish, before a court or other competent authority, facts from which it may be presumed that there has been direct or indirect discrimination, it shall be for the respondent to prove that there has been no breach of the principle of equal treatment.
2. Paragraph 1 shall not prevent Member States from introducing rules of evidence which are more favourable to plaintiffs.
3. Paragraph 1 shall not apply to criminal procedures.
4. Paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 shall also apply to any legal proceedings commenced in accordance with Article 9(2).
5. Member States need not apply paragraph 1 to proceedings in which it is for the court or competent body to investigate the facts of the case.
Member States shall introduce into their national legal systems such measures as are necessary to protect employees against dismissal or other adverse treatment by the employer as a reaction to a complaint within the undertaking or to any legal proceedings aimed at enforcing compliance with the principle of equal treatment.
Member States shall take care that the provisions adopted pursuant to this Directive, together with the relevant provisions already in force in this field, are brought to the attention of the persons concerned by all appropriate means, for example at the workplace, throughout their territory.
1. Member States shall, in accordance with their national traditions and practice, take adequate measures to promote dialogue between the social partners with a view to fostering equal treatment, including through the monitoring of workplace practices, collective agreements, codes of conduct and through research or exchange of experiences and good practices.
2. Where consistent with their national traditions and practice, Member States shall encourage the social partners, without prejudice to their autonomy, to conclude at the appropriate level agreements laying down anti-discrimination rules in the fields referred to in Article 3 which fall within the scope of collective bargaining. These agreements shall respect the minimum requirements laid down by this Directive and by the relevant national implementing measures.
Dialogue with non-governmental organisations
Member States shall encourage dialogue with appropriate non-governmental organisations which have, in accordance with their national law and practice, a legitimate interest in contributing to the fight against discrimination on any of the grounds referred to in Article 1 with a view to promoting the principle of equal treatment.
PARTICULAR PROVISIONS
1. In order to tackle the under-representation of one of the major religious communities in the police service of Northern Ireland, differences in treatment regarding recruitment into that service, including its support staff, shall not constitute discrimination insofar as those differences in treatment are expressly authorised by national legislation.
2. In order to maintain a balance of opportunity in employment for teachers in Northern Ireland while furthering the reconciliation of historical divisions between the major religious communities there, the provisions on religion or belief in this Directive shall not apply to the recruitment of teachers in schools in Northern Ireland in so far as this is expressly authorised by national legislation.
Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that:
(a) any laws, regulations and administrative provisions contrary to the principle of equal treatment are abolished;
(b) any provisions contrary to the principle of equal treatment which are included in contracts or collective agreements, internal rules of undertakings or rules governing the independent occupations and professions and workers' and employers' organisations are, or may be, declared null and void or are amended.
Member States shall lay down the rules on sanctions applicable to infringements of the national provisions adopted pursuant to this Directive and shall take all measures necessary to ensure that they are applied. The sanctions, which may comprise the payment of compensation to the victim, must be effective, proportionate and dissuasive. Member States shall notify those provisions to the Commission by 2 December 2003 at the latest and shall notify it without delay of any subsequent amendment affecting them.
Member States shall adopt the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive by 2 December 2003 at the latest or may entrust the social partners, at their joint request, with the implementation of this Directive as regards provisions concerning collective agreements. In such cases, Member States shall ensure that, no later than 2 December 2003, the social partners introduce the necessary measures by agreement, the Member States concerned being required to take any necessary measures to enable them at any time to be in a position to guarantee the results imposed by this Directive. They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.
In order to take account of particular conditions, Member States may, if necessary, have an additional period of 3 years from 2 December 2003, that is to say a total of 6 years, to implement the provisions of this Directive on age and disability discrimination. In that event they shall inform the Commission forthwith. Any Member State which chooses to use this additional period shall report annually to the Commission on the steps it is taking to tackle age and disability discrimination and on the progress it is making towards implementation. The Commission shall report annually to the Council.
When Member States adopt these measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States.
1. Member States shall communicate to the Commission, by 2 December 2005 at the latest and every five years thereafter, all the information necessary for the Commission to draw up a report to the European Parliament and the Council on the application of this Directive.
2. The Commission's report shall take into account, as appropriate, the viewpoints of the social partners and relevant non-governmental organisations. In accordance with the principle of gender mainstreaming, this report shall, inter alia, provide an assessment of the impact of the measures taken on women and men. In the light of the information received, this report shall include, if necessary, proposals to revise and update this Directive.
This Directive shall enter into force on the day of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities.
Addressees
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Done at Brussels, 27 November 2000.
For the Council
É. Guigou


I read this article and found it very interesting, thought it might be something for you. The article is called Everything you ever wanted to know about registered agents and is located at https://www.rocketlawyer.com/blog/everything-you-ever-wanted-to-know-about-registered-agents-921615.
When you start your own business, you practically learn a new language with all the terms, acronyms, and abbreviations you have to memorize. So maybe you've heard the term "registered agent," but filed it away in your List of Terms to Look Up. Hey, we get it. We have put together this handy cheat sheet to help you understand what a registered agent does, whether or not you need one, and what to do about it.
A registered agent (RA) is someone who receives important legal and tax documents on behalf of a business. They have to be able to personally accept the mail—so, not a mailbox, basically—and be available 100% of the time during business hours.
You really do. Although the laws vary by state, almost every U.S. business is required to have a registered agent. If you don't comply, the state could fine you or shut down your business.
Wait, can I be my own registered agent?
Maybe! Check your state laws. But most business owners choose not to. Like skinny dipping, just because you legally can doesn't make it a good idea.
Privacy, for one thing. Registered agents are required to have their names and addresses made public—so if you work from home, that means your home address will be available for anyone to find. But even if you work out of a separate building, being your own RA is a major hassle. Registered agents have to be on call during all business hours, so if someone tries to deliver a document while you've stepped out for lunch, you could get fined. And what if you go on vacation? Or take a business trip? What if someone delivers an embarrassing legal summons right in front of your customers? Total nightmare.
OK, I get it. How do I find a third-party registered agent?
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Just visit our website, answer a couple of questions, and we'll take care of the rest.


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London calling for members of Regina Symphony Orchestra
Members of the Regina Symphony Orchestra have been invited to Buckingham Palace for the 70th birthday of Prince Charles.
Britain's Prince Charles meets with the public in front of the Saskatchewan Legislative building in Regina on May 23, 2012. The Prince of Wales and his wife Camilla, the Duchess of Cornwall, were on a three-day royal tour of Canada as part of the events that mark the Queen's Diamond Jubilee.	Don Healy / Regina Leader-Post
While they may not be on the royal wedding list, members of the Regina Symphony Orchestra (RSO) have been invited to Buckingham Palace for the 70th birthday bash for Prince Charles, the RSO's royal patron.
Music director Gordon Gerrard, executive director Tanya Derksen, board chair Kama Leier, and sponsors Dr. Roberta McKay and Elmer Brenner will join the celebration for the Prince of Wales in London on Tuesday.
A reception is to be held in the gardens of Buckingham Palace to celebrate the work of the prince's patronages, charities and military affiliations and others involved in public service, the RSO announced in a news release issued Wednesday. The event will see representatives from each of the charities of which Prince Charles is patron, as well as the military regiments with which he is affiliated, visit the palace grounds for entertainment and speeches, as well as attend the customary garden party tea.
The Prince of Wales is patron or president of more than 400 organizations around the world. He granted his patronage to the orchestra in September 2008, making the RSO the fourth orchestra in the world to be granted the honour by the heir to the British throne.
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text:
2.01 Capitolo / saggio in libro
Free Movement of Capital: Could the CJEU Smooth Brexit?
A large part of the debate on Brexit and financial services has focused on the political dimension, and the contours of the new arrangement between the UK and the European Union. Less attention has been paid, however, to the implications of the constitutional framework that is already in place, and will remain so, even after Brexit. This is the case of free movement of capital, the only fundamental freedom that purportedly applies also to third countries. Despite this remarkable innovation at the Treaty basis, the Court of Justice of the European Union has construed the freedom narrowly, which has hindered its usefulness. In this chapter we discuss the difficulty of the Court's current view, and the desirability of a change in it, in order to shift the focus from a political into a legal debate
Titolo: Free Movement of Capital: Could the CJEU Smooth Brexit?
Autore/i: Marco, Lamandini; David, Ramos Munoz
LAMANDINI, MARCO
RAMOS MUNOZ, DAVID
Titolo del libro: After Brexit. Consequences for the European Union
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66670-9_15
Abstract: A large part of the debate on Brexit and financial services has focused on the political dimension, and the contours of the new arrangement between the UK and the European Union. Less attention has been paid, however, to the implications of the constitutional framework that is already in place, and will remain so, even after Brexit. This is the case of free movement of capital, the only fundamental freedom that purportedly applies also to third countries. Despite this remarkable innovation at the Treaty basis, the Court of Justice of the European Union has construed the freedom narrowly, which has hindered its usefulness. In this chapter we discuss the difficulty of the Court's current view, and the desirability of a change in it, in order to shift the focus from a political into a legal debate
Data stato definitivo: 28-feb-2018
Appare nelle tipologie: 2.01 Capitolo / saggio in libro


text:
BMS ep. 220: Ian Crossland on L.A. Acting, Helping Others, and Avoiding Group-Think
All Posts 10 Comments
Audio here, video below:
10 Responses to "BMS ep. 220: Ian Crossland on L.A. Acting, Helping Others, and Avoiding Group-Think"
random person says:
And a Happy New Year … hopefully better than the previous two at any rate.
As per the traditional games of the season, anyone want to predict what the next 12 months will look like on this chart?
https://tradingeconomics.com/australia/inflation-cpi
I'm expecting it to trend upwards, but probably not reach 10% because although Australian Dollars are being printed hand over fist, the high commodity prices are protecting us from our own folly to some extent. If you are a primary producer then inflation can work in your favour.
I don't know exactly what it will look like, but I'm going to guess "not good".
I wouldn't mind high commodity prices so much if it meant workers were getting paid something high enough to at least qualify as "better than being homeless", and preferably substantially better than that, but I keep reading stories about workers being forced to work, workers being raped, killed, and otherwise abused, and so on.
I've tried to take a break from looking at that stuff long enough to enjoy Christmas, at least, and I did manage to go two days (the 24th and 25th) without looking at any of that depressing stuff, but yesterday (the 27th), I came across a documentary exposing a facility called "Brother's Home" (English translation, at least), which, on paper at least, was a homeless shelter, but in actuality was kidnapping people whether they were homeless or not in order to collect money from the South Korean government for (allegedly) sheltering the homeless. The police were in on it: one person interviewed for the documentary describes being arrested on his way home from school, accused of stealing a piece of bread he was bringing home from school, tortured until he confessed (even though he hadn't done it, torture is capable of producing false confessions), and then sent to the so-called Brother's Home.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_p4xNEZPJw
In addition to collecting government money for "sheltering" (imprisoning) the allegedly homeless kidnapping victims, rape and sexual assault were rife in the facility, and there was forced labor.
I also read an article that said the Brother's Home wasn't the only one doing this type of scam; a lot of alleged homeless shelters were doing this in South Korea at the time. Apparently, in preparation for some Olympic games, the South Korean government wanted the homeless of the streets, out of sight and out of mind, so they funded homeless shelters to do that, and a bunch of them ran scams like described.
bbc [dot] com/news/world-asia-52797527
When I watch / read stories like this, it reminds me why just throwing money at problems isn't enough to fix them. If you have enough money, you can donate a million dollars or more to a good cause, or at least a cause that appears good according to the advertising, and that money can be squandered by a bunch of con artists who make the problem worse, not better. More important than throwing money at problems is simply establishing safeguards to ensure the money is reasonably well spent.
To clarify (though it's probably obvious from the context given above), when I talk about ensuring money is reasonably well spent, I mostly mean avoiding the types of egregious abuses committed by the so-called Brother's Home.
This sort of thing reminds me of why I feel so apathetic about things like Medicaid, Obamacare, Medicare-for-all, and so on. (Medicaid is a program to help the poor with medical expenses. Obamacare is, depending on how you look at it, either a program to help people with pre-existing conditions get health insurance, or else a subsidy to the health insurance companies that works by forcing people to buy said insurance. Medicare-for-all is something that some people in the United States are advocating for in the hopes that it will expand access to healthcare for people who are relatively poor, and by relatively poor, I mean poor in national terms, not in global terms.)
I get that people support / advocate for things like Medicaid, Obamacare, and Medicare-for-all because they really believe these things will help people get potentially life-saving medical care. I know some people object on the basis that they don't think the taxpayers should have to pay for these things, but this seems a weak argument to me if only because if the US government actually did cut these programs, the money would likely to diverted to the military-industrial complex, not to tax cuts. These programs are among the few ways that taxpayers can actually get a refund of sorts, even if it's a limited use refund (that is, a refund you're only allowed to spend on certain types of medical care). To the extent that things like Medicaid and Obamacare actually do pay for life-saving medical care, it probably reduces the lethality of taxation. The way I see it, taxing people to the point they can't afford life-saving medical care could be considered a sort of murder, but if you give sick people refunds so they actually can afford the medical care, then that can save them from being murdered.
And yet, for all that, even though I understand and sympathize with the reasoning of proponents, and am unconvinced with the above-mentioned arguments of the opponents, I still feel apathetic. And I guess it's because I don't think Medicaid or Obamacare (or plans for Medicare-for-all, which has not been implemented) has adequate safeguards to protect against flagrant abuse, Brother's Home style.
Many doctors, psychiatrists, etc in the United States do not have a professional ethics that includes much of a focus on consent. Medical assault and battery (medical interventions that happen against the express wishes of the patient) are rarely prosecuted and seem to be something of a norm. They are often justified with the claim that the patient is not competent enough to give or withhold consent, and therefore the doctor, psychiatrists, or some other medical person feels entitled to make the decisions for them.
There's an article hear that discusses a case of medical assault and batter that was caught on camera. The victim's mother filmed the thing. The fact that a doctor would medically assault on patient on camera just goes to show how normalized this type of thing is. That it's just so normal, the doctor wasn't afraid of being filmed.
qz [dot] com/1177627/assault-and-battery-in-the-delivery-room-the-disturbing-trend-of-obstetric-violence/
Psychiatry is basically a legal license to torture. People classified as "mental patients" routinely have their consent or lack thereof ignored. Even when the paperwork says they consent, it's often a fraud: psychiatrists often interpret refusal to cooperate with alleged treatment as evidence that the patient isn't competent to make their own decisions, and, knowing this, many patients will fake consent just so the psychiatrist won't watch them as closely.
Approximately 10,000 women per year (according to this article at least) are tortured in Canada with electroshock alone. I'm guessing the number is probably higher in the United States.
madinamerica [dot] com/2019/05/stop-shocking-torturing-women/
The United States is a totalitarian regime! And so, apparently, is Canada. The first amendment is a lie, a para ingles ver (for the English to see). We don't have freedom of thought, let alone freedom of speech.
And the depraved torturers can go collect money from Medicaid and other medical insurance programs. For example, Provo Canyon School, a place where Paris Hilton and others were tortured as children, gets funding from Medicaid and other medical insurance programs. And I'm thinking, even if prosecution is difficult, especially considering the police often collaborate with this depraved lunatics, there is no way they should be getting paid to revel in depravity, committing crimes against humanity.
The lockdowns, vaccine mandates, and so on are additional symptoms of a culture that places low value on medical consent.
So, while I understand the desire of people to get a refund on their taxes when they are sick, I really think they should get that money directly, with safeguards to ensure the money goes to the correct person and not a kidnapper or other abuser, not through an insurance program that also funds torture. If a cancer patient wants to go to the beach and relax instead of getting medical treatment for their cancer, that's no business of mine. If they want to go to Japan for medical treatment, which has better cancer treatment than the United States, that's no business of mine. I'm not really interested in policing how cancer patients spend their money, beyond some basic ethical standards focusing on the consent of all parties. (The insurance companies, the same ones that fund torture, do police what sort of cancer treatments patients are allowed to try, unless they pay out of pocket.)
But for heaven's sake, we need to stop funding medical assault and battery and medical torture.
I put "Medicaid funding torture" into Google and found this "Hearing Before the Committee on Education and Labor" of the US House of Representatives.
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=oqDDfQ3tLCEC&pg=PA54&lpg=PA54&dq=medicaid+funding+torture
Apparently, Medicaid is the primary source of funding for a lot of child torture programs in the United States.
Of relevance, certain psychatric medications are known to decrease lifespan.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/science-isnt-golden/201109/full-disclosure-needed-about-psychiatric-drugs-shorten-life
The author of that article supports the idea of informed consent, but unfortunately, many psychiatrists (or "thought police", regardless of whether they have psychiatric licenses) do not.
See, for example, numerous discussions and articles on the internet about how to fake taking medicine when someone is trying to force you (often called cheeking, since a common strategy is to hide the med in your cheek and then remove it after the thought police leaves), and, on the other side, how to prevent people from cheeking.
One person writes on Quora,
I have this pill that I have been taking that is a mood stabilizer that I use to control my hyper empathy syndrome. this pill is making me feel so much less empathy that I wanted to sh again. my mom won't take me off the med even tho I told her it made me feel horrible. so tomorrow I am going to put it in my cheek using my tongue. she has to watch me take my meds because last time I would hide them in my drawer so that after I gathered enough pills I would overdose. I practiced today with a cough drop and I went in-front of the mirror to see what it looked like. it was a bit obvious if you used your hand or tongue to put it in your cheek so I tried to take the cup of water, put it up to my mouth and not drink yet, and than I pushed it into my cheek with my tongue, and than I drank the water. that looked less obvious so I'm going try that tomorrow. ill update you guys.
quora [dot] com/How-can-I-fake-taking-a-pill-I-need-to-show-people-that-Im-taking-it-but-then-fake-take-it-What-should-I-do
What the thought police are doing to that poor person for the alleged "crime" of feeling too much empathy is a form of torture, and apparently a sort of torture that makes her want to self harm (sh is an acronym for self harm in this context, I think… it seems that being on this medication makes her want to commit suicide, as shown later in the quote).
And here you can read about efforts to prevent cheeking aka "treatment noncompliance". Apparently, one method used is to make medications dissolve really fast. There's clear premeditation hear to force people to take medications against their will, which, considering the side effects many of these medications produce, amounts to torture.
journals [dot] sagepub [dot] com/doi/pdf/10.1177/070674370304800521
Since you're all talking about psychiatry, I thought you'd find this helpful:
The Lying Liars Who Lie About Psychiatry
lewrockwell [dot] com/2013/05/jon-rappoport/the-lying-liars-who-lie-about-psychiatry
"But we have a mind-boggling twist. Under the radar, one of the great psychiatric stars, who has been out in front inventing mental disorders, went public. He blew the whistle on himself and his colleagues. And for 2 years, almost no one noticed.
"His name is Dr. Allen Frances, and he made VERY interesting statements to Gary Greenberg, author of a Wired article: "Inside the Battle to Define Mental Illness." (Dec.27, 2010). …"
"… Dr. Allen Frances is the man who, in 1994, headed up the project to write the latest edition of the psychiatric bible, the DSM-IV. This tome defines and labels and describes every official mental disorder. The DSM-IV eventually listed 297 of them.
"In an April 19, 1994, New York Times piece, "Scientist At Work," Daniel Goleman called Frances "Perhaps the most powerful psychiatrist in America at the moment…" …"
"… Long after the DSM-IV had been put into print, Dr. Frances talked to Wired's Greenberg and said the following:
""There is no definition of a mental disorder. It's bullshit. I mean, you just can't define it.""
In happier news, I recently noticed that the most affordable brand of organic masa I could find is from an employee-owned company, King Arthur Baking.
https://www.kingarthurbaking.com/blog/2018/06/05/why-employee-ownership-matters
Masa is a nixtamalized corn product used to make things like tamales and tortillas. Nixtamalized means the corn is soaked in lime water (the stone lime, not the fruit lime). Corn is naturally calcium deficient, so if you eat un-nixtamalized corn, it can leech calcium from your body, but if you nixtamalize it, it makes it more nutritious.
Mostly unrelated note about college, though after that I go into the topic of mental health again:
"College Is Worthless: And we know it because of foreign language requirements."
https://medium.com/no-echo/college-is-worthless-4d802f488e1c
To give an idea of the general drift of the article:
Almost half of recent college graduates say there was a foreign language requirement at their school, but just 12% of all graduates who were non-majors and non-native speakers were proficient in a second language.
If we examine students who major in a foreign language, they take many courses to help bring them up to conversational fluency and are often required to live and study in a country that speaks their target language just to receive their degrees because their classes weren't enough.
I read stuff like this, and I feel a distinct lack of regret about not going to college.
A couple years back, someone told me I seemed smart for someone who hadn't been to college. I shot back that 93% of the world's population doesn't have a college degree, but I'm fairly sure that doesn't mean that 93% of the world's population is stupid.
educateinspirechange [dot] org/how-many-people-of-the-world-have-a-college-degree/
And then it's weird how much college-educated people talk in jargon, even on philosophical matters, and just sort of take their jargon for granted, rather than recognizing it as specific to their world view. I feel like a lot of people who haven't been to college are actually better at explaining their thoughts in a more down to earth way.
E.g. I had a conversation with one friend who went to college, as well as some friends of that friend… I think we were discussing some white supremacist shooter, and the topic came up, whether the white supremacist shooter was insane or not. I think that, unless you want to make the argument that there is no such thing as insanity (which is an interesting and worthwhile argument), someone who is so racist that they go on a shooting/killing spree is by definition insane. My friend disagreed, and said that racism was an ideology, was not the same thing as insanity, and also, instead of insane, we should say neurodivergent, because that term isn't stigmatizing the way "insane" is.
I don't think I recall ever even hearing the term neurodivergent before. It sounds like some college jargon. But after looking it up, it doesn't describe what I mean when I deem someone to be "insane" or "crazy". Apparently, the term neurodivergent is often used to describe people with autism, based on the theory that they are neurologically different than so-called "neurotypical" people.
But I've met people said they had been diagnosed with autism who seemed, to me, as sane as any random person I might meet on the street (which is to say, not 100% sane, but at least, not any more insane than is normal in the United States). They might have been a bit odd, but when I really think someone is insane, I do not merely mean that they are odd.
Nor do I wish to pretend that psychological differences are invariably caused by neurological ones, which would seem to be the implication if I walked around calling people "neurodivergent" or "neurotypical" based solely on my observations of their psychological status. I really don't think anyone should be putting those sort of labels on other people without actually examining a scan of their bran (and having the expertise necessary to judge how normal that brain scan is).
What I mean when I say that a white supremacist shooter is insane by definition, is that there is clearly something wrong inside his head that is making him do horrible violent things that a psychologically healthy person wouldn't do. If I understood better what exactly that was, perhaps I would be more specific. "Insane" is sort of a generic term.
And when I say that torture (or situations producing psychological stress similar to torture) can make people crazy, what I means is that it is possible for the psychological effects of torture to include the suppression of moral thinking and other adverse psychological symptoms. So far as I know, this has nothing to do with neurology, and in any case, if it does have something to do with neurology, I don't have the expertise to evaluate it from that perspective anyway.
See for example
https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/03/born-in-the-gulag-why-a-north-korean-boy-sent-his-own-mother-to-her-death/255110/
"Born in the Gulag: Why a North Korean Boy Sent His Own Mother to Her Death: Life inside North Korea's Camp 14 so twisted 13-year-old Shin In Geun that he betrayed his mother and only brother."
If you read the story, it discusses how a young child in a Gulag, under psychological stress comparable to torture, betrayed his own mother and brother. Later, after escaping and living in better circumstances, he eventually felt remorse over that. (I recall reading a more detailed version of that story in the past, but anyway.)
I would say that torture made Shin In Geun crazy (or perhaps more precisely, "psychological stressors comparable to torture made him insane in the sense of severely inhibiting his conscience" , since so far as I know, the torture as more narrowly defined (beating, burning, etc) happened after he betrayed his mother, but even before that, he was subjected to the poor living conditions and authoritarian environment of the Gulag), but I wouldn't make any judgement about how typical his neurology is/was. I don't like the neurotypical/neurodivergent way of looking at things… it seems too close to genetics. A lot of people thinking that way are probably thinking in terms neurotypicality or lack thereof probably have a genetic view where someone's genetics cause them to grow a different sort of brain, and that (from their perspective) is why people think differently. Now, I suppose torture could cause some kind of neurological damage (though I haven't really studied that, and there would be obvious ethical problems with torturing people and performing brain scans before / after the torture to see if anything changed), but suffice it to say, what happened to Shin in Geun could presumably have happened to almost anyone subjected to similar circumstances, regardless of initial neurological condition. The type of insanity I'm talking about there is not one produced by some sort of birth defect (if indeed it's even possible for birth defects to make people insane), but rather, one produced by living in a psychologically toxic environment.
Going back to the subject of thought police (who often have psychiatric licenses), I think they spend way too much time diagnosing people with nonsensical words and forcing them to take medications, and not enough time contemplating the psychological effects of torture (including torturing people by forcing them to take unwanted medications with nasty side effects).
I'm not sure if anyone followed that rant, but it felt good to type it.
Thought police (including psychiatrists who forcibly imprison, drug, and/or electroshock people, and similar individuals) are crazy!
This note about college is mostly unrelated, though after that I go into the topic of thought police and mental health again:
theatlantic [dot] com/international/archive/2012/03/born-in-the-gulag-why-a-north-korean-boy-sent-his-own-mother-to-her-death/255110/
Considering people go to college as part of getting psychiatric licenses to legally torture other people, I guess colleges are teaching people to be crazy.


text:
Derek Foster, baron Foster de Bishop Auckland, PC , DL ( - ) est un homme politique travailliste britannique qui est député de Bishop Auckland, dans le comté de Durham, de 1979 à 2005.

Carrière politique
Foster est élu pour la première fois pour représenter Bishop Auckland aux élections générales de 1979 et occupe ce siège jusqu'à sa retraite en 2005. Il est whip en chef de l'opposition entre 1985 et 1995, devenant membre du Conseil privé en 1993. Après que Tony Blair soit devenu chef en 1994, il est désireux de nommer un nouveau whip en chef et demande à Foster de se retirer, en échange de la promesse d'un siège au Cabinet si et quand le Parti travailliste revenait au pouvoir. Foster accepte finalement et devient chancelier fantôme du duché de Lancastre en 1995.

Cependant, lorsque le Parti travailliste remporte les élections de 1997, Foster est nommé au poste relativement subalterne de secrétaire parlementaire au Bureau du Cabinet, sous David Clark. Après avoir approfondi la question, Foster démissionne du gouvernement après seulement deux jours, et accuse ensuite publiquement Tony Blair d'avoir rompu sa promesse. Il est finalement nommé président de la sous-commission des Communes sur l'emploi, devenant une sorte d'épine dans le pied du gouvernement pendant le premier mandat de Tony Blair. Cependant, le sous-comité de l'emploi est aboli en 2001 et il devient un député d'arrière-ban, se retirant de la Chambre des communes aux élections générales de 2005.

Il est nommé lieutenant adjoint du comté de Durham en 2001. Le 13 mai 2005, il est fait pair à vie, et en juin 2005, la pairie est publiée sous le nom de baron Foster de Bishop Auckland, de Bishop Auckland dans le comté de Durham. Il est décédé le 5 janvier 2019 à l'âge de 81 ans d'un cancer.

Foster est profondément attaché à l'Armée du salut, servant au Sunderland Millfield Corps, tout en étant également membre du Conseil politique des Amis travaillistes d'Israël.

Références

Liens externes

Député du 53e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 52e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 51e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 50e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 49e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 48e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du Parti travailliste (Royaume-Uni)
Membre du Conseil privé du Royaume-Uni
Pair à vie
Décès en janvier 2019
Naissance en juin 1937
Décès à 81 ans
Naissance à Sunderland
Décès dans le Tyne and Wear

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Young Denver teachers are getting ready to strike with a mixture of confidence and nervousness - Denverite, the Denver site!
With no agreement in sight for negotiations between the teacher's union and Denver Public Schools, a strike is likely coming.
Jan. 21, 2019, 5:00 p.m.
The chant broke out just before 4 p.m. on Friday. It was led by two people wearing bright red shirts, showing solidarity with the Denver Classroom Teachers Association.
"Fair pay!" the crowd returned.
"When do we want it?" the pair said.
There were other chants, including "fair pay now," which rang out of the crowded room at the Denver Public Schools' Acoma Campus. It was a room that — somehow — held well over 1oo people. The number had grown from about 30 supporters earlier in the day — the room now filled with more educators out of school joining their DCTA colleagues.
The chanting added another layer of sound to the cacophony inside. Educators were eagerly awaiting the return of members of the DCTA, the union representing roughly 5,700 teachers and special service providers in Denver, and representatives from Denver Public Schools. The two groups were expected to return to the mediations following a break earlier on Friday.
Time was running out. At stake: the last day for the two sides to ink out a new ProComp agreement before it expired at midnight. Passed in 2005 by Denver voters, ProComp is essentially a system that uses funds raised through taxes to provide bonuses and salary increases for teachers meeting certain criteria. The two sides disagreed on how much money to add; by 5:30 p.m. Friday, they still hadn't found a deal.
Once the agreement expires, union members would gather on Saturday to vote on whether to strike. And all signs are pointing toward one taking place. Voting will continue on Tuesday, and results won't be known until that night at the earliest.
The teachers who attended Friday's meetings are ready to picket, including second- and third-year teachers.
She's been teaching for two years and wasn't necessarily expecting to have to "fight" to teach her students. She called the whole situation "frustrating" and feels the district isn't providing much support.
Alexander Edwards, 25, has been a special education teacher at the Denver Center for International Studies for two years. He's contacted his student's parents to let them know what could happen. He said most of them have been supportive.
When 34-year-old Branden Lane took a job as a science teacher at Legacy Options High School, the third-year teacher he didn't think he would end up in this position. But he understands why it's happening and said the decision to strike was an easy one to make. He thinks his students understand what's going on as well.
What's ProComp and why is causing such division?
Teachers believe it's crucial in helping improve retention rate. They believe the current program focuses too much on providing bonuses instead of adding more money toward teacher's base pay, which teachers are hoping to increase. They believe it's too complicated and doesn't offer a reliable enough pay. They want it simplified.
Rob Gould, a teacher in a special assignment and DCTA lead negotiator, told reporters on Friday bonuses simply haven't worked in helping retaining teachers in DPS. He said one in five DPS teachers end up leaving the district every year, usually because it's too difficult to work there and the pay isn't great.
"Literally, teachers can go to a surrounding school district and they can make anywhere from seven- to thirteen-thousand more. Just by going down the streets," Gould said.
Emily Griffith High School teacher Rebecka Hendricks, 33, can testify to how much she struggles, even with a mid-level salary at DPS. She has a master's degree and a roommate. She's tried working side gigs like driving Lyft, dropping food off for Postmates and tutoring for extra money.
She doesn't live in Denver anymore. She said she can't.
Gould said he believes new Denver Superintendent Susana Cordova has made a better faith effort "than they have ever seen" over the past month.
Still, he feels the district is trying to run the clock out to force the teacher's hand. Things were pretty tense as Cordova left after one of the evening meetings Friday, leaving her to make a last-second speech about how the work she's ultimately doing is for the benefit of the teachers. Some of her responses drew jeers and laughs from the audience, which was mostly on the union's side.
She also reminded everyone she's in her 10th day in the position. Does she feel like she's off to a rough start? If she does, she wasn't necessarily interested in talking to reporters about it.
Her own child will be affected if the teacher's strike. She has a daughter who's a senior in high school.


Arielle Prieto, now 18, recalls on the witness stand Tuesday the night back in 2015 when her ex-boyfriend Jacob Looney suddenly appeared outside her Fort Pierce bedroom.
"Telling him to get out, I'm asking him why he's here. Telling him to get out," said Prieto.
Prieto had broken up with Looney, now 20 but then 17, a few months prior.
"During the summer I wanted to completely cut contact with him but he wasn't okay with that so he kept finding ways to keep in contact with me," said Prieto.
Just hours before this confrontation, Prieto's mother Janice had gotten a restraining order against Looney for stalking her daughter.
On that August night three summers ago, the Prieto's claimed Looney would not leave, and the three became engaged in a violent confrontation with Looney first shoving Janice Prieto.
"When I stood up, he reached around from behind and stabbed me in my throat," said Janice Prieto.
Arielle, who came to her mom's defense, was stabbed five times. The trauma surgeon said one wound could have been fatal.
"The stabbing that was in the abdominal area went all the way down to the heart," said Dr. Dimiter Hristov.
Under cross examination, the defense explained the restraining order was not for violence, and also tried to plant doubt as to whether Looney was actually armed when he and Janice Prieto were face to face.
Jacob Looney faces 5 felony counts including 2 counts of attempted first degree murder.


A 40 percent chance of rain. Mostly cloudy, with a steady temperature around 55. North wind around 9 mph.
Mostly sunny, with a high near 68. North wind 5 to 8 mph becoming light and variable.
A 40 percent chance of showers after 10pm. Mostly cloudy, with a low around 50. South wind 7 to 9 mph.
A 20 percent chance of showers before 10am. Mostly cloudy, then gradually becoming sunny, with a high near 65. West wind 5 to 11 mph.
Mostly clear, with a low around 46. Northwest wind around 7 mph.


I am Woman ! See me Travel!
2019: April: Come Sail With Me!
5th April 2016: Cruise Departs from Sydney (Circular Quay) at approximatly 1830 – Tasmania Bound.
10th April 2016: Arrival back into Sydney where we disembark and the cruise ends.
Hi, please put my name down for this Tasmania Cruise.. I don't mind sharing with someone, but would prefer to meet them beforehand if it can be arranged.
Armchair Travel Club – A New Way To Be Inspired!
Celebrity Escape – Last Chance To Book!


City park with a Little League baseball field, a playground & a picnic shelter.
The French Broad Riverkeeper, housed at the MountainTrue, monitors the French Broad River Watershed for E. coli, a bacteria found in the waste (feces) of most warm-blooded animals, including humans. High levels of E. coli can pose a health risk for people swimming in the water.
Participating volunteers take weekly water samples, and sites are listed as failing to meet water quality standards if they fall the samples are above EPA's recommended safe level for E. coli of 235 E. coli colonies per 100 milliliters of water. Volunteers take samples early each week, and results are posted on Thursday or Friday.
This sample data provides a general guide to the health of the waterway and should only be used for informational purposes. This data does not guarantee the sampled area is safe for swimming at all times.
Overall, E. coli levels in the French Broad River are low, and the river is typically safe for swimming. However, E. coli levels can change at any time and frequently increase after rain events. As a general rule, if the water is clear, then E. coli levels are likely to be low.
Please contact the French Broad Riverkeeper at hartwell@mountaintrue.org if you have questions. Please also contact us if you would like to volunteer to take water samples.


Social media has pervaded not only our culture but our own personal and virtual identity. Its widespread influence has led to a social paradox: we are connected more than ever before, but we are lonelier and have less meaningful relationships. We are overjoyed in sharing our lives online, from exuberant "selfies" to the most mundane minutiae of our daily routine. But does sharing our happiness and lives lead to arrogance and narcissism? Does it mask our own insecurities and is our crafted online image and personal promotion nothing but hypocrisy? Navigating successfully through social media requires an awareness of what is hidden in our heart, and only known to the Divine. In this live recording from Al-Madina Institute, Mohamed Ghilan and Omar Suleiman discuss how to reach a balance in our use of social media.


What is Orthodox Christianity all about? How does it differ from other Christian confessions?
For a glimpse of Who We Are, What We Believe, and How We Live Our Faith, click on the image of "Introduction to Orthodox Christianity", a three session class for inquiring minds.
Take a peek into Orthodox Christianity and her rich history. Then come and see for yourself. Find a local Orthodox Church in America near you.


text:
> Heela HAREL (IL)
EXPO 'CHAINED APART' – Gallery Complete, Tel Aviv (IL) – 11 Aout-21 oct. 2011
Classé dans : Coral COHEN (IL),Einat PRIMO (IL),Exposition/Exhibition,Gal. Complete (IL),Heela HAREL (IL),Israel (IL),Liana PATTIHIS (CY/UK),Lucie GLEDHILL (UK),Maud TRAON (FR) — bijoucontemporain @ 16:28
CHAINED APART
Chained Apart is an exhibition of international contemporary jewellery works by Coral Cohen, Lucie Gledhill, Heela Harel, Liana Pattihis, Einat Primo and Maud Traon showing at Gallery Complete, Tel Aviv.
OPENING: THURSDAY 11TH AUGUST 2011, 7PM
DURATION: 11TH AUGUST – 21ST OCTOBER 2011
Coral Cohen
Coral Cohen lives and works in Tel Aviv. She graduated from Shenkar College of Engineering and Design in Ramat Gan, Tel Aviv in 2010 and in the year since has participated in exhibitions both in Israel and abroad including The Private Life of Sculpture at the Traver Gallery, Seattle. Consume is Cohen's new collection of one-off rings and brooches where the mechanical mass-produced chain is chewed-up and then disgorged, turning it back into the decorative feature. Her jewellery is skillfully made and fuses the macabre with the idea of growth and decay resulting in playful, beautiful yet often sinister jewellery / craft sculptures.
Lucie Gledhill
Lucie Gledhill is a jewellery designer from London. She studied at the Royal College of Art in 2007-2009 where she developed her passion for chain and love for jewellery-making processes as an experiential medium of expression. With conceptual art influences, her Chain of Thought collection links together handmade solid silver components and the exploration of scale and form. As her work has developed she finds herself drawn to manipulating mass-produced chain to create clean lines and smooth shapes, all the while finding gradual inspiration from the physical act of making.
Heela Harel
Heela Harel lives and works in Florentine, Tel Aviv and is a 2006 graduate of Fashion Design at Shenkar College of Engineering and Design in Ramat Gan, Tel Aviv. In her years since college she has continued her career in design and has maintained work both in film and production as well as a fashion writer in Ha'ir magazine and columnist in Rating magazine. Her new collection #1 of neon thread and 'frozen' linked chain is her first jewellery ensemble from her accessories label Hi! Her work is graphic in nature and is inspired by her travel influences and is an extension of her eclectic career.
Liana Pattihis
Liana Pattihis is from Cyprus and since 1980 has lived and worked in London. Her art jewellery stretches the boundaries of what can be achieved with enamel as a medium. With her own unique method of sifting and fusing enamel on a movable base, she often uses silver and gold chain to make necklaces and brooches which ultimately cannot be pre-conceived; each piece is allowed to create itself. In the years since she graduated from Middlesex University in 2007 she has made astounding works for many exhibitions around the world including SOFA (represented by Charon Kransen Arts) and continues to rewrite her signature style and expertise with enamel.
Einat Primo
Einat Primo is from Israel and currently lives and works in Vancouver, Canada. She has participated in a number of contemporary jewellery shows at the Eretz Israel Museum in Tel Aviv and won the 1989 Shapiro prize for Judaica during her Jewellery and Metalwork studies at Bezalel Academy of Art and Design in Jerusalem between 1987 and 1991. Her work is a curious combination of symbols, texture and motif often resulting in ambiguous forms of jewellery; she crosses boundaries between craft, bead work and metalwork often using pixels and dots to draw and imitate traditional forms or motifs found in popular culture. Her chains follow the pattern of ribbons in their flexibility and take on the form of links in the their repetitive sequences.
Maud Traon
Maud Traon is from France and is a leading international artist in her field of art jewellery. She is an award winner for pushing boundaries in jewellery design and has gained extensive academic and institutional acclaim for her avant-garde designs with her colourful, oversized rings-as-sculptures. Often using ready-made and throwaway plastic toys and glitter, she explores the mixing-together of consumable materials and the idea of longevity inherent in jewellery to produce provocative and seductive objects. Recently selling work at Collect 2011 at the Saatchi Gallery and showcasing in the Electrum Gallery shop window installation project this summer in London, her work is continuing to grow in the UK and France predominantly. La Misere Serait Moins Penible au Soleil (Misery Would Be Less Painful in the Sun) is the title of one of her pieces exhibited in Chained Apart and shows her playful poetic license, merging together mass-produced junk with ideals of beauty and artistically crafting scenarios with unexpected materials.
Gallery Complete
35 ABARBANEL STREET, FLORENTINE,
TEL AVIV – YAFO
66089, ISRAEL
CONTACT: leoniephilpot@gmail.com
tel 00972 (0)527 599422
Opening times: MON – THURS, 11AM – 5PM (please contact us to make an appointment at any other time)


text:
You are at:Home»Advisor Solutions Channel»Berkshire Hathaway's Prosperous Simplicity: Try It!
Advisor Solutions Channel
Berkshire Hathaway's Prosperous Simplicity: Try It!
Value Walk March 13, 2018
By Lawrence A. Cunningham
Berkshire Hathaway is simple. Though among America's largest public companies, it is almost entirely self sufficient. It rarely uses intermediaries – brokers, lenders, advisers, consultants and other staples of today's corporate bureaucracies. It's interesting to ponder how and why, but as important to ask why is it so unusual — and what people are doing about it.
While American companies borrow heavily, Berkshire shuns debt as costly and constraining, preferring to rely on itself and to use its own money. It generates abundant earnings and retains 100 percent, having not paid a dividend in more than 50 years.
Berkshire earns some $30 billion annually — all available for reinvestment. In addition, thanks to its longtime horizon, Berkshire holds many assets acquired decades ago, resulting in deferred taxes now nearing $100 billion. These amount to interest-free government loans without conditions.
The principal leverage at Berkshire is insurance float. This refers to funds that arise because Berkshire receives premiums up front but need not pay claims until later, if it all.
Provided insurance is underwritten with discipline, float is akin to borrowed money but cheaper. At Berkshire, float now runs another $100 billion, which it uses to buy businesses that continue to multiply Berkshire's value.
American corporations tend to design acquisition programs using strategic plans administrated by an acquisitions department. They rely heavily on intermediaries such as business brokers and investment bankers, who charge fees and have incentives to get deals done; firms also use consultants, accountants and lawyers to conduct due diligence before closing.
Berkshire has never had any such plans or departments, rarely uses bankers or brokers, and does limited due diligence. In the early days, Berkshire took out a newspaper ad announcing its interest in acquisitions and stating its criteria — which it has reprinted in every annual report. Berkshire now relies on a network of relationships, including previous sellers of businesses.
Today, corporate America's boards are intermediaries between shareholders and management. Directors are monitors involved in specific strategic decision-making. They meet monthly, using many committees, which in turn hire consultants, accountants and lawyers.
American directors are well-paid — averaging $250,000 annually — including considerable stock compensation plus company-purchased liability insurance. Berkshire's board, in contrast, follows the old-fashioned advisory model.
advisor solutionsBerkshire HathawayBusinessfinanceinvesting strategysimplicity


text:
Oleta Adams
Oleta Adams Quotes and Sayings - Page 1
"If there's something more awaiting me in the future, I'd rather leave it up to God since what He creates is far better than my imagination."
-- Oleta Adams
#Imagination #My Imagination #Ifs
"Learn your craft well. Take care of your own business. Success (popularity) is fleeting for most, but longevity lies in a quality craft with integrity. Oh, and don't take yourself too seriously."
#Integrity #Lying #Business Success
"I've recorded songs that are prayers in different styles, not just in the traditional gospel style that can help and comfort them. It's the words that matter most."
#Song #Prayer #Style
"I'm so honored to have been a part of something so meaningful that helped to keep so many families and loved ones connected."
#Meaningful #Loved Ones #Connected
"I enjoyed all of the tours and learned something from everyone."
#Enjoyed
"I've been fortunate to live a very full professional life. Most of it has happened through God's graciousness and not from something I've imagined."
#Graciousness #Happened #Professional Life
"When I stay focused and honest about who I am and the image that I hope to portray, then I won't find myself stranded in unfamiliar territory chasing money or popularity. If the work that you do is quality, then you'll be rewarded. It's also good to stretch musically within the realm of your ability, but not if it compromises your integrity."
#Integrity #Who I Am #Quality
"I have never stopped performing live.I've been blessed with the talent to sing and play the piano so I can fit into a lot of different configurations and venues. I play public and private performances and it has served me well. And I've been fortunate to work in Europe and Asia as well as The US. So for those who have not attended my shows, it doesn't mean I'm not performing."
#Blessed #Mean #Play
"Praying is simple. Use the words that you know. You don't have to be eloquent, just sincere and reverent."
#Simple #Use #Praying
"As a nation we've been faced with so many tragedies since the beginning of this Millennium and I believe we have even more reason to pray. Many people don't feel capable in that area and I wanted to create music that helped them find the words that could bring peace."
#Believe #People #Tragedy
"From the church I received a spiritual foundation that has kept me balanced. From the gospel music I learned the importance of singing with emotion- authentic emotion- not contrived- which has made my music endearing."
#Spiritual #Singing #Church
"I will never forget Oprah's [Winfrey] major contribution to my success by having me perform on her show (March '91) and introducing me as, "the voice that brought her out of the shower!""
#Voice #March #Never Forget
"There has to be solidarity among the artists, songwriters and all the creative forces within that circle in order for the necessary changes to take place and for each person to get what is rightfully due."
#Artist #Order #Circles
Al Jarreau
Anita Baker
Toots Thielemans
Jazz Musician


text:
Katherine Huskie, 1987 United Kingdom
Huskie has been working with glass for over 10 years. Having started experimenting with glass at college she subsequently went to the University of Sunderland where she studied for a BA (Hons) in Glass and Ceramics. Huskie specialised in blown glass early on and since then it has become her passion.
Glass blowing has taken Huskie all over the world including a year based in Australia where she worked with numerous different glass makers to expand and broaden her knowledge. The experience provided Huskie with the passion and determination to push her own glass designs. On returning to the UK she set up Devereux & Huskie Glassworks with James Devereux. They specialise in creating glass for designers and artists from the UK and overseas.
Huskie has always been interested in pattern wether it is within in nature, textiles or geometry. She is always searching for new influences and how she can include the patterns in hot glass.
Huskie has recently been named as Wimbledon Championship Artist 2018 alongside Nancy Sutcliffe. They will collaborate to create 2 large scale glass works that will be displayed within the clubhouse.
Huskie has been working with glass for over 10 years. Having started experimenting with glass at college she subsequently went to the University of Sunderland where she studied for a BA (Hons) in Glass and Ceramics. Huskie specialised in blown glass early on and since then it has become her passion. Glass blowing has taken Huskie all over the world including a year based in Australia where she worked with numerous different glass makers to expand and broaden her knowledge. The experience provided Huskie with the passion and determination to push her own glass designs. On returning to the UK she set up Devereux & Huskie Glassworks with James Devereux. They specialise in creating glass for designers and artists from the UK and oversea...
Echinus in Grey
Echinus in Aqua
Echinus in Heliotrope
Echinus in Opaline
Echinus in Steel Blue
Echinus in Aurora Gelblich


ASEC minutes of Thursday, September 1, 2011 were approved with corrections.
Requested ASEC provide academic staff nominations for SOHE Dean's search committee.
Discussed the progress of the Huron consultants and possible savings realized in IT.
Offered ASEC possible nominees for the Chancellor's search.
Identified the need for a formalized diversity plan to establish goals embracing academic staff, faculty, classified staff and student issues.
Provided an update on his office, i.e., staffing, and branding.
Discussion ensued regarding how to best address climate issues on campus.
Heather reported that the Principles have been approved by the working group.
Developing a preamble for a list of items placed in "parking lot." These items are still being edited and debated.
Motion made by Daña Alder and seconded by Valli Warren to accept the Principles. Motion passed.
Donna will revise and send out Issues document to ASEC for review prior to September 22, 2011 ASEC meeting.
ASEC discussed the second priority. Valli will revise based on discussion.
Budget Committee met with Scott Hildebrand.
Updates regarding President Reilly's letter and UW-Madison's response.
Committee plans to prepare a report reviewing: the reason salaries are lagging behind our peers.
Met with Allie Gardner ASM Chair, and Brad Barham UC Chair to discuss governance issues.
Working on an email to all academic staff that will focus on accomplishments.
Will discuss sending a letter encouraging academic staff to get involved in governance with Nominating Committee.
Will request academic staff layoff data from Punam Gupta, APO as well as requesting academic staff PI data from Mark Sweet, RSP.
Requested that University Communications tag and identify academic staff in news items.


One of the biggest questions people have about online gift card exchange is how, exactly, online payment works. Understandably, many individuals who are new to the world of swapping or selling gift cards on the web are nervous about exposing their personal or financial information, and they want to know how best to keep themselves safe while sending or receiving money. Fortunately, technology has addressed this problem and made the issue of secure online payments less worrisome. The solution is a platform we've likely all heard of: PayPal.
PayPal is a secure online payment system that uses bank-level encryption to keep personal and financial information secure during virtual transactions. Used by many gift card resellers around the globe, it's the No. 1 way to enjoy peace of mind as you swap your gift cards. Here's what you need to know about the process, and why gift card exchange with PayPal is the best way to get more value from your unwanted cards.
Right now, PayPal has upwards of 192 million active users and more than 15 million merchant accounts on the site. In 2015 alone, the site processed more than 4.9 billion payments in more than 100 currencies. PayPal operates in 203 markets and handles a solid average of 1.5 million OneTouch transactions each week.
With these numbers in mind, it's easy to see why so many people trust PayPal as their online payment resource, and why so many discerning gift card resellers insist on using the platform for payment processing.
Head to PayPal.com and complete the sign-up form. You'll be required to enter simple information like your name, age, and phone number, as well as your email address. Once you've completed the form, click "submit." PayPal will then send you an email to confirm your email address.
Once you receive the confirmation email, click the link in the body of the email to confirm your email address. This validates your account and allows you to move on to the next step.
The next phase of setting up a PayPal account is connecting your bank. If you have several accounts, be sure to link the one where you'd like to send and receive payments. You'll need your routing and account number, or your credit card number, if you prefer, for this step. If you link a bank account, PayPal will ask you to verify the account by receiving two "micro-deposits" (of less than $1.00 each), and then inputting their amounts into the PayPal platform.
You're done, and now you're free to get busy in gift card exchange with PayPal. Just remember never to give anyone your payment information – PayPal handles the entire payment process securely on your behalf. All you have to do is provide your PayPal email address to receive payments, and use the PayPal option to send payments online. It's straightforward and safe!
If you're going to exchange or sell gift cards online, keeping your financial information secure is a primary concern. Fortunately, PayPal makes doing this easier than it's ever been.
By linking your financial information to the PayPal platform and then using high-quality encryption to keep it safe and well out of the reach of criminals and prying eyes, PayPal makes sending and receiving money online a stress-free process.
Don't hesitate to use PayPal during your future gift card resale or swap. Payment will be simple, and you can move through the process knowing that your information is in good hands.
If you happen to run across a gift card reseller who doesn't use PayPal, be suspicious. PayPal is the gold standard in online financial security today, and opting out of using it is a good way to put yourself at risk of scams and identity theft. The most reputable online gift card resellers always put the security of their customers' financial information first, and you know you're working with a discerning company if you find that they process their payments through a secure platform, such as PayPal.
To learn more about gift card exchange, or to start selling your unwanted gift cards now, head over to EJ Gift Cards – your online source for fast, friendly gift card swaps!


text:
@interface QZUsersViewController ()

@property (strong, nonatomic) WaitSpinner *waitSpinner;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextView *logTextView;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextField *setIdTextField;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIButton *submitButton;

@end

@implementation QZUsersViewController

#pragma mark - View Controller Methods

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];

    self.waitSpinner = [[WaitSpinner alloc] init];
}

- (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated
{
    [super viewWillAppear:animated];

    self.logTextView.text = @"";

    [self.waitSpinner showInView:self.view];

	__weak QZUsersViewController *weakSelf = self;

    switch (self.exampleId) {
        case QZExamplesUserDetails:
        {
            [[Quizlet sharedQuizlet] userDetails:^(id responseObject) {
                weakSelf.logTextView.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", responseObject];
                [weakSelf.waitSpinner hide];
            } failure:^(NSError *error) {
                weakSelf.logTextView.text = [error description];
                [weakSelf.waitSpinner hide];
            }];
        }
        break;

        case QZExamplesUserSets:
        {
            [[Quizlet sharedQuizlet] userSets:^(id responseObject) {
                weakSelf.logTextView.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", responseObject];
                [weakSelf.waitSpinner hide];
            } failure:^(NSError *error) {
                weakSelf.logTextView.text = [error description];
                [weakSelf.waitSpinner hide];
            }];
        }
        break;

        case QZExamplesUserFavorites:
        {
            [[Quizlet sharedQuizlet] userFavorites:^(id responseObject) {
                weakSelf.logTextView.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", responseObject];
                [weakSelf.waitSpinner hide];
            } failure:^(NSError *error) {
                weakSelf.logTextView.text = [error description];
                [weakSelf.waitSpinner hide];
            }];
        }
        break;

        case QZExamplesUserClasses:
        {
            [[Quizlet sharedQuizlet] userClasses:^(id responseObject) {
                weakSelf.logTextView.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", responseObject];
                [weakSelf.waitSpinner hide];
            } failure:^(NSError *error) {
                weakSelf.logTextView.text = [error description];
                [weakSelf.waitSpinner hide];
            }];
        }
        break;

        case QZExamplesUserStudied:
        {
            [[Quizlet sharedQuizlet] userStudied:^(id responseObject) {
                weakSelf.logTextView.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", responseObject];
                [weakSelf.waitSpinner hide];
            } failure:^(NSError *error) {
                weakSelf.logTextView.text = [error description];
                [weakSelf.waitSpinner hide];
            }];
        }
        break;

        case QZExamplesMarkSetAsFavorite:
        case QZExamplesUnmarkSetAsFavorite:
        {
            [weakSelf.waitSpinner hide];
            weakSelf.setIdTextField.hidden = NO;
            weakSelf.submitButton.hidden = NO;
        }
        break;

        default:
            break;
    }
}

#pragma mark - Actions

- (IBAction)submitButtonAction:(UIButton *)sender
{
    [self.setIdTextField resignFirstResponder];

    if (self.setIdTextField.text.length > 0) {

		__weak QZUsersViewController *weakSelf = self;

        [self.waitSpinner showInView:self.view];

        switch (self.exampleId) {
            case QZExamplesMarkSetAsFavorite:
            {
                [[Quizlet sharedQuizlet] markUserSetAsFavoriteBySetId:self.setIdTextField.text success:^(id responseObject) {
                    weakSelf.logTextView.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", responseObject];
                    [weakSelf.waitSpinner hide];
                } failure:^(NSError *error) {
                    weakSelf.logTextView.text = [error description];
                    [weakSelf.waitSpinner hide];
                }];
            }
            break;

            case QZExamplesUnmarkSetAsFavorite:
            {
                [[Quizlet sharedQuizlet] unmarkUserSetAsFavoriteBySetId:self.setIdTextField.text success:^(id responseObject) {
                    weakSelf.logTextView.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", responseObject];
                    [weakSelf.waitSpinner hide];
                } failure:^(NSError *error) {
                    weakSelf.logTextView.text = [error description];
                    [weakSelf.waitSpinner hide];
                }];
            }
            break;

            default:
                break;
        }

        self.setIdTextField.hidden = YES;
        self.submitButton.hidden = YES;
    }
}

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Scene builder import to eclipse Ive recently discovered that you are able to use JavaFx Scene builder to build your GUI
ive become very tired of the build in gui builder that Eclipse offers
So i wanted to try out Scene builder but i am not sure how i import it into my Eclipse project and actually use it with my program?
Ive been looking all over to find a step by step guide but so far ive had no luck finding one for eclipse (for netbeans there are loads but so far ive found none for eclipse)
I hope some of you are able to help me with this or guide me through the steps i need to take
Best Regards
Marc Rasmussen

A: Some background info:

*

*SceneBuilder is for building JavaFX apps.

*e(fx)clipse is the unofficial JavaFX tooling for Eclipse.

*Currently SceneBuilder runs as a standalone application.

*SceneBuilder outputs fxml files.

*SceneBuilder can optionally be embedded in NetBeans.

*Future builds of e(fx)clipse may also offer to embed SceneBuilder in Eclipse.

*e(fx)clipse will compile and build javafx applications - including ones which input fxml which has been output by SceneBuilder.

*The key class which ties together JavaFX applications and fxml generated by SceneBuilder is the FXMLLoader.

Tutorial track for building applications with SceneBuilder and e(fx)clipse:

*

*Install SceneBuilder (download under 'Additional resources') and e(fx)clipse seperately as well as jdk7u6+.

*Using e(fx)clipse, try the compiling and running the basic JavaFX sample apps, especially the fxml related sample.

*Run through the Getting Started with SceneBuilder Sample, but use e(fx)clipse to compile and run the code rather than NetBeans.

*Try out the Mastering FXML tutorial - but create the FXML in SceneBuilder and build your project using e(fx)clipse.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange