text:
City in Missouri, United States
The Hammons Tower as seen from Jordan Valley Park
The "Queen City of the Ozarks"
"Birthplace of Route 66"
Location in the state of Missouri
Location within Missouri
Show map of Missouri
Show map of the United States
Coordinates: 37°12′55″N 93°17′54″W / 37.21528°N 93.29833°W / 37.21528; -93.29833Coordinates: 37°12′55″N 93°17′54″W / 37.21528°N 93.29833°W / 37.21528; -93.29833[1]
Greene, Christian
• Type
Council-manager
Ken McClure
• City
82.31 sq mi (213.18 km2)
0.59 sq mi (1.53 km2)
• Metro
3,021 sq mi (7,824 km2)
1,299 ft (396 m)
• Rank
US: 152nd
1,900/sq mi (750/km2)
• Urban
273,724 (US: 138th)
462,369 (US: 115st)
UTC−6 (CST)
UTC−5 (CDT)
Area code(s)
GNIS feature ID
0735864[1]
www.springfieldmo.gov
Springfield is the third-largest city in the state of Missouri and the county seat of Greene County.[5] As of the 2010 census, its population was 159,498. As of 2018, the Census Bureau estimated its population at 168,122. It is the principal city of the Springfield metropolitan area, which has a population of 462,369 and includes the counties of Christian, Dallas, Greene, Polk, Webster.[6]
Springfield's nickname is "Queen City of the Ozarks" and it is known as the "Birthplace of Route 66". It is home to three universities, Missouri State University, Drury University, and Evangel University.
1.1 Early settlement
1.2 Civil War
1.3 "Wild" Bill Hickok
1.4 Lynchings
1.5 Country music
1.6 The Ozark Hillbilly Medallion
3 Demographics
3.1 2010 census
3.3 Neighborhoods
3.3.1 Registered
3.3.2 Affiliated neighborhood groups
4.1 Top employers
7 Parks and recreation
8 Sports
9 Culture
9.1 Cultural organizations
9.2 Festivals and events
9.3 Museums and other points of interest
9.4 National Register of Historic Places
10.1 Highways
10.2 Airport
10.3 Trains
12.1 Print
12.2 Television
12.3 Radio
12.4 Film
13 Sister cities
17 Further reading
The origin of the city's name is unclear, but the most common view is that it was named for Springfield, Massachusetts by migrants from that area. One account holds that James Wilson, who lived in the then unnamed city, offered free whiskey to anyone who would vote for the name Springfield, after his hometown in Massachusetts.[7]
The editor of the Springfield Express, J. G. Newbill, said in the November 11, 1881 issue:
"It has been stated that this city got its name from the fact of a spring and field being near by just west of town. But such is not a correct version. When the authorized persons met and adopted the title of the "Future Great" of the Southwest, several of the earliest settlers had handed in their favorite names, among whom was Kindred Rose, who presented the winning name, "Springfield," in honor of his former home town, Springfield, Tennessee."[8]
In 1883, historian R. I. Holcombe wrote:
"The town took its name from the circumstance of there being a spring under the hill, on the creek, while on top of the hill, where the principal portion of the town lay, there was a field."[8]
Early settlement[edit]
The presence of the Native Americans in the area slowed the European-American settlement of the land.[9] Long before the 1830s, the native Kickapoo and Osage, and the Lenape (Delaware) from the mid-Atlantic coast had settled in this general area. The Osage had been the dominant tribe for more than a century in the larger region.
On the southeastern side of the city in 1812, about 500 Kickapoo Native Americans built a small village of about 100 wigwams. They abandoned the site in 1828. Ten miles south of the site of Springfield, the Lenape had built a substantial dwelling of houses that borrowed elements of Anglo colonial style from the mid-Atlantic, where their people had migrated from.[8]
The first European-American settlers to the area were John Polk Campbell and his brother, who moved to the area in 1829 from Tennessee. Campbell chose the area because of the presence of a natural well that flowed into a small stream. He staked his claim by carving his initials in a tree.[9] Cambell was joined by settlers Thomas Finney, Samuel Weaver, and Joseph Miller. They proceeded to clear the land of trees to develop it for farms. A small general store was soon opened.[8]
In 1833, the southern part of the state was named Greene County after Revolutionary War hero General Nathanael Greene.[9] The legislature deeded 50 acres of land to John Campbell for the creation of a county seat in 1835. Campbell laid out city streets and lots.[10] The town was incorporated in 1838.[11] In 1878, the town got its nickname the "Queen City of the Ozarks."[9]
The United States government enforced Indian Removal during the 1830s, forcing land cessions in the Southeast and other areas, and relocating tribes to Indian Territory, which later developed as Oklahoma. During the 1838 relocation of Cherokee natives, the Trail of Tears passed through Springfield to the west, along the Old Wire Road.[12][13]
By 1861, Springfield's population had grown to approximately 2,000, and it had become an important commercial hub. In the late 1850s, telegraph lines, previously only to St. Louis, reached Springfield. News from point further west was brought to Springfield overland and then sent by telegraph to what was then called the New York Associated Press. At the start of the American Civil War, Springfield was divided in its loyalty, as it had been settled by people from both the North and South, as well as by German immigrants in the mid-19th century who tended to support the Union.
The Union and Confederate armies both recognized the city's strategic importance and sought to control it. They fought the Battle of Wilson's Creek on August 10, 1861, a few miles southwest of town.[8] The battle was a Confederate victory, and Nathaniel Lyon became the first Union General killed in Civil War. Union troops retreated to Lebanon to regroup. When they returned, they found that most of the Confederate army had withdrawn.[13]
On October 25, 1861, Union Major Charles Zagonyi led an attack against the remaining Confederates in the area, in a battle known as the First Battle of Springfield, or Zagonyi's Charge. Zagonyi's men removed the Confederate flag from Springfield's public square and returned to camp. It was the only Union victory in southwestern Missouri in 1861.[14] The increased military activity in the area set the stage for the Battle of Pea Ridge in northern Arkansas in March 1862.[13]
On January 8, 1863, Confederate forces under General John S. Marmaduke advanced to take control of Springfield and an urban fight ensued. But that evening, the Confederates withdrew. This became known as the Second Battle of Springfield. Marmaduke sent a message to the Union forces asking that the Confederate casualties have a proper burial. The city remained under Union control for the remainder of the war.[13] The US army used Springfield as a supply base and central point of operation for military activities in the area.[8]
"Wild" Bill Hickok[edit]
Promptly after the Civil War ended on July 21, 1865 Wild Bill Hickok shot and killed Davis Tutt in a shootout over a disagreement about a debt Tutt claimed Hickok owed him. During a poker game at the former Lyon House Hotel, in response to the disagreement over the amount, Tutt had taken Hickok's watch, which Hickok demanded he return immediately. Hickok warned that Tutt had better not be seen wearing that watch, then spotted him wearing it in Park Central Square, prompting the gunfight.
On January 25, 1866, Hickok was still in Springfield when he witnessed a Springfield police officer, John Orr, shoot and kill James Coleman after Coleman interfered with the arrest of Coleman's friend Bingham, who was drunk and disorderly. Hickok provided testimony in the case. Orr was arrested, released on bail, and immediately fled the country. He was never brought to trial or heard from again.[15]
Lynchings[edit]
The period after Reconstruction and into the early 20th century continued to be socially volatile, with whites attacking blacks in the South. Some cities and counties in Missouri, particularly in former slaveholding areas, also had lynchings of freedmen and their descendants.
On April 14, 1906, a white mob broke into the Springfield county jail, and lynched two black men, Horace Duncan and Fred Coker, for allegedly sexually assaulting Mina Edwards, a white woman. Later they returned to the jail, where other African-American prisoners were being held, and pulled out Will Allen, who had been accused of murdering a white man. All three suspects were hanged from the Gottfried Tower, which held a replica of the Statue of Liberty, and burned in the courthouse square by a mob of more than 2,000 whites. Judge Azariah W. Lincoln called for a grand jury, but no one was prosecuted. The proceedings were covered by national newspapers, the New York Times and Los Angeles Times. In the immediate aftermath, local Missouri people reportedly issued two commemorative coins.[16]
Duncan's and Coker's employer testified that they were at his business at the time of the crime against Edwards, and other evidence suggested that they and Allen were all innocent.[16][17] These three are the only recorded lynchings in Greene County.[18] But the extrajudicial murders were part of a pattern of discrimination, repeated violence and intimidation of African Americans in this city and southwest Missouri from 1894 to 1909, in an attempt to expel them from the region.[19] Whites in Lawrence County also lynched three African-American men in this period.[18] After the mass lynching in Springfield, many African Americans left the area in a large exodus.[19]
In the 21st century, African Americans constitute a very small minority in Springfield and throughout the Ozarks. A historic plaque on the southeast corner of the Springfield courthouse square commemorates Duncan, Coker, and Allen, the three victims of mob violence.[16][20]
Country music[edit]
During the 1950s, Springfield ranked third in the U.S. for originating network television programs, behind New York and Hollywood[citation needed]. Four nationally broadcast television series originated from the city between 1955 and 1961: Ozark Jubilee and its spin-off, Five Star Jubilee; Talent Varieties; and The Eddy Arnold Show. All were carried live by ABC except for Five Star Jubilee on NBC and were produced by Springfield's Crossroads TV Productions, owned by Ralph D. Foster. Many of the biggest names in country music frequently visited or lived in Springfield at the time. City officials estimated the programs meant about 2,000 weekly visitors and "over $1,000,000 in fresh income."[21]
Staged at the Jewell Theatre (demolished in 1961), Ozark Jubilee was the first national country music TV show to feature top stars and attract a significant viewership. Five Star Jubilee, produced from the Landers Theatre, was the first network color television series to originate outside of New York City or Hollywood.[22] Ironically, Springfield's NBC affiliate, KYTV-TV (which helped produce the program), was not equipped to broadcast in color and aired the show in black-and-white.
The ABC, NBC and Mutual radio networks also all carried country music shows nationally from Springfield during the decade, including KWTO'S Korn's-A-Krackin' (Mutual).
The Ozark Hillbilly Medallion[edit]
The Springfield Chamber of Commerce once presented visiting dignitaries with an "Ozark Hillbilly Medallion" and a certificate proclaiming the honoree a "hillbilly of the Ozarks." On June 7, 1953, U.S. President Harry Truman received the medallion after a breakfast speech at the Shrine Mosque for a reunion of the 35th Division. Other recipients included US Army generals Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway, US Representative Dewey Short, J. C. Penney, Johnny Olson, Ralph Story and disc jockey Nelson King.[23][24]
Satellite view of Springfield
Springfield is on the Springfield Plateau of the Ozarks region of southwest Missouri. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 82.31 square miles (213.2 square kilometres), of which 81.72 square miles (211.7 square kilometres) is land and 0.59 square miles (1.5 square kilometres) (0.7%) is water.[2]
The city of Springfield is mainly flat with rolling hills and cliffs surrounding its south, east, and north sections. Springfield is on the Springfield Plateau, which reaches from Northwest Arkansas to Central Missouri. Most of the plateau is characterized by forest, pastures and shrub-scrub habitats.[25] Many streams and tributaries, such as the James River, Galloway Creek and Jordan Creek, flow within or near the city. Nearby lakes include Table Rock Lake, Stockton Lake, McDaniel Lake, Fellows Lake, Lake Springfield, and Pomme de Terre Lake. Springfield is near the population center of the United States, about 80 miles (130 km) to the east.
Climate[edit]
Lightning over downtown Springfield
Springfield has an average surface wind velocity comparable to Chicago's, according to information compiled at the National Climatic Data Center at NOAA.[26] It is placed within "Power Class 3" in the Wind Energy Resource Atlas published by a branch of the U.S. Department of Energy; having an average wind speed range of 6.4 to 7.0 miles per hour.[27]
Springfield lies in the northern limits of a humid subtropical climate (Cfa), as defined by the Köppen climate classification system. As such, it experiences times of exceptional humidity; especially in late summer.[28] The monthly daily average temperature ranges from 32.6 °F (0.3 °C) in January to 78.2 °F (25.7 °C) in July. On average, there are 39 days of 90 °F (32 °C)+ highs, 2.0 days of 100 °F (38 °C)+ highs, 16 days where the high fails to rise above freezing, and 2.5 nights of lows at or below 0 °F (−18 °C) per year.[29] It has an average annual precipitation of 45.6 inches (1,160 mm), including an average 17.0 inches (43 cm) of snow. Extremes in temperature range from −29 °F (−34 °C) on February 12, 1899 up to 113 °F (45 °C) on July 14, 1954.
According to a 2007 story in Forbes magazine's list of "America's Wildest Weather Cities" and the Weather Variety Index, Springfield is the city with the most varied weather in the United States. On May 1, 2013, Springfield reached a high temperature of 81 degrees Fahrenheit. By the evening of May 2, snow was falling, persisting into the following day and eventually accumulating to about two inches.[30][31]
Climate data for Springfield–Branson National Airport, Missouri (1981−2010 normals,[a] extremes 1888−present[b])
Record high °F (°C)
Mean maximum °F (°C)
Average high °F (°C)
(6.1) 48.2
Average low °F (°C)
(−5.3) 26.1
Mean minimum °F (°C)
(−16.1) 7.2
(−13.8) 16.3
(−7.6) 5.0
(−15.0) −3
(−19)
Record low °F (°C)
(−28) −29
(−34) −8
(−22) 16
(−9) 29
(−8) 4
Average precipitation inches (mm)
(63) 2.52
(110) 5.10
Average snowfall inches (cm)
(6.1) trace 0
(0) trace 0.7
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)
8.2 7.8 10.5 10.5 12.0 10.6 8.4 7.9 7.6 9.5 9.4 8.9 111.3
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)
3.5 2.9 1.4 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.7 2.8 11.5
Average relative humidity (%)
Mean monthly sunshine hours
Percent possible sunshine
Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961−1990)[29][32][33]
Demographics[edit]
1850 415 —
1860 1,235 197.6%
1880 6,522 17.4%
1900 23,267 6.5%
1970 120,096 25.3%
1990 140,494 5.5%
Est. 2018 168,122 [34] 5.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[35]
2017 Estimate[34]
2010 census[edit]
As of the 2010 census,[3] there were 159,498 people, 69,754 households, and 35,453 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,951.8 inhabitants per square mile (753.6/km2). There were 77,620 housing units at an average density of 949.8 per square mile (366.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 88.7% White, 4.1% African American, 0.8% Native American, 1.9% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 1.2% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.7% of the population.
There were 69,754 households of which 23.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.4% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 49.2% were non-families. 37.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.81.
The median age in the city was 33.2 years. 18.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 18.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26% were from 25 to 44; 22.7% were from 45 to 64; and 14.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.5% male and 51.5% female.
According to the 2000 United States Census,[36] 151,580 people, 64,691 households, and 35,709 families resided in the city. The population density was 2,072.0 people per square mile (800.0/km2). There were 69,650 housing units at an average density of 952.1/mi2 (367.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 91.69% White, 3.27% African American, 0.75% Native American, 1.36% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 0.88% from other races, and 1.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.31% of the population.
There were 64,691 households out of which 24.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.7% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.8% were non-families. 35.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.82. In the city 19.9% were under the age of 18, 17.4% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $29,563, and the median income for a family was $38,114. Males had a median income of $27,778 versus $20,980 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,711. About 9.9% of families and 15.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.1% of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over.
Neighborhoods[edit]
Registered[edit]
Registered neighborhoods include[37] Bissett, Bradford Park, Doling, Grant Beach, Heart of the Westside, Midtown, Oak Grove, Parkcrest, Phelps Grove, Robberson, Rountree, Tom Watkins, Weller, West Central, Westside Community Betterment, and Woodland Heights.
Affiliated neighborhood groups[edit]
Affiliated neighborhood groups unregistered with the city include:[37]
Cinnamon On The Hill
Cinnamon Square
Coachlight
Cooper Estates
Fox Grape
Kay Pointe
Kingsbury Forest
National Place
Parkwest Village
Parkwood Survival
Ravenwood South
Sherman Ave Project Area
Springfield's economy is based on health care, manufacturing, retail, education, and tourism.[38] With a Gross Metropolitan Product of $13.66 billion in 2004 and $18.6 billion in 2016 according to missourieconomy.org. Springfield's economy makes up 6.7% of the Gross State Product of Missouri.[39]
Total retail sales exceed $4.1 billion annually in Springfield and $5.8 billion in the Springfield MSA. Its largest shopping mall is Battlefield Mall. According to the Springfield Convention & Visitors Bureau, an estimated 3,000,000 overnight visitors and day-trippers annually visit the city. The city has more than 60 lodging facilities and 6,000 hotel rooms. The Convention & Visitors Bureau spends more than $1,000,000 annually marketing the city as a travel destination.
Positronic, Bass Pro Shops, John Q. Hammons Hotels & Resorts, BKD, Noble & Associates, Prime, Inc., Springfield ReManufacturing, and O'Reilly Auto Parts have their national headquarters in Springfield.[40] In addition, two major American Christian denominations—General Council of the Assemblies of God in the United States of America (one of the largest of the Pentecostal denominations) and Baptist Bible Fellowship International (a fundamentalist Baptist denomination founded by J. Frank Norris)—are headquartered in the city.
Jordan Valley Park
Top employers[edit]
According to the Springfield Area Chamber of Commerce,[41] the top 2014 employers in the metro area are:
1 Mercy Health System 9,004
2 CoxHealth 7,891
3 Wal-Mart 3,567
4 Springfield Public Schools 3,206
5 Missouri State University 2,583
6 Bass Pro Shops/Tracker Marine 2,557
7 United States Government 2,400
8 State of Missouri 2,326
9 Citizens Memorial Healthcare 1,900
10 City of Springfield 1,607
11 O'Reilly Auto Parts 1,458
12 Chase Card Services 1,397
Government[edit]
Springfield City Hall
Springfield city government is based on the council-manager system. By charter, the city has eight council members, each elected for a four-year term on a nonpartisan basis, and a mayor elected for a two-year term. The mayor is Ken McClure. Council members include Phyllis Ferguson (Zone 1), Dr. Thomas Prater (Zone 2), Mike Schilling (Zone 3), Matt Simpson (Zone 4), Jan Fisk (General A), Craig Hosmer (General B), Andrew Lear (General C) and Richard Ollis (General D).[42] Jason Gage, the City Manager, appointed by the Council to be the City's chief executive and administrative officer, serves as the chief executive and administrative officer for the City and is responsible for directing the overall operations of the City of Springfield and for executing all policies and programs authorized by City Council.[43] Anita Cotter, the City Clerk, appointed by the council to serve as the Chief of Staff for City Council Members and Custodian of Records, coordinates and responds to all Sunshine Requests and maintains official City records, including minutes, ordinances, resolutions, contracts, and other vital documents.[44] The presiding officer at council meetings is the mayor. Council meetings are held every other Monday night in City Council Chambers. City Council elections are held the first Tuesday in April.
City Utilities of Springfield (CU) is a city-owned utility serving the Springfield area with electricity, natural gas, water, telecommunications and transit services. CU provides service to over 115,000 electric, 84,000 natural gas, and 83,000 water customers.[45]
The Springfield Public School District is the largest district in the state of Missouri with an official fall 2011 enrollment of 24,366 students attending 50 schools.[46] Public high schools include Central High School, Kickapoo High School, Hillcrest High School, Parkview High School, and Glendale High School. Private high schools include Springfield Sudbury School, Summit Preparatory School, Greenwood Laboratory School, New Covenant Academy, Springfield Lutheran School, Springfield Catholic High School, Christian Schools of Springfield, and Grace Classical Academy.
View toward Missouri State University's Historic Quadrangle
Springfield has several colleges and universities. Founded in 1905 as the Fourth District Normal School, Missouri State University (MSU) is the state's second largest university by enrollment, with over 26,000 students.[47] For the seventh consecutive year, MSU was selected for The Princeton Review's 2010 list of "Best Colleges: Region by Region." Drury University is a private university with nearly 5,000 students[48] and consistently ranks in U.S. News & World Report's Top 10 Universities in the Midwest.[49] Ozarks Technical Community College (OTC) is the second largest college in the city of Springfield, having more than 15,000 students in attendance.[50] MSU, Drury, and OTC are all located in and around downtown Springfield.
Other colleges in Springfield include Baptist Bible College, Evangel University and Assemblies of God Theological Seminary, and Cox College (Nursing and Allied Health). Branch campuses in Springfield include Mercy College of Nursing and Health Sciences of Southwest Baptist University,[51] Everest College, Columbia College, Webster University, and University of Phoenix. In 2013, a consolidation of Central Bible College, the Assemblies of God Theological Seminary, and Evangel University occurred and is now known as Evangel University.
Parks and recreation[edit]
The Springfield-Greene County Park Board manages 3,200 acres and 103 sites,[52] including the Nathanael Greene/Close Memorial Park, which contains the historic Gray-Campbell Farmstead, Mizumoto Japanese Stroll Garden, Master Gardener demonstration gardens, Dr. Bill Roston Native Butterfly House, and Springfield-Greene County Botanical Center;[53] the Rutledge-Wilson Farm Community Park; the Mediacom Ice Park; the Cooper Park and Sports Complex; Dickerson Park Zoo; and various other public parks, community centers, and facilities.[54]
The non-profit Ozark Greenways Inc. promotes trail recreation and local bicycling through the establishment of greenway trails, including a 35-mile crushed-gravel trail, the Frisco Highline Trail connecting Springfield to the town of Bolivar, and smaller trails connecting parks and sites of interest within the town and county.[55]
The Missouri Department of Conservation operates the Springfield Nature Center and numerous nearby conservation areas.[56]
The National Park Service operates the nearby Wilson's Creek National Battlefield.[57]
Springfield's metropolitan area is situated within close distance of recreational lakes, waterways, caves, and forests, such as the James River, Busiek State Forest, Lake Springfield, Table Rock Lake, Buffalo National River, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, and Fantastic Caverns.
Springfield plays host to college teams from Missouri State University (NCAA Division I), Drury University (NCAA Division II), and Evangel University (NAIA). JQH Arena (capacity 11,000) opened in 2008 and is home to the Missouri State Bears and Lady Bears basketball teams, and the O'Reilly Family Event Center, which opened in 2010, is now home to the Drury Panthers men's and women's basketball teams.
The Springfield Cardinals, the Double-A affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals, have played at Hammons Field in downtown Springfield since their inaugural season in 2005 after the team moved from El Paso. A successful team, there have been 100 Springfield Cardinals go on to debut in St. Louis.[58] Springfield has had minor league teams dating back to 1905, and this city has hosted various exposition games.
Springfield Rugby Football Club (SRFC) was established in 1983 and is a well-known rugby club in the Midwestern United States. SRFC plays in Division II of the Frontier Region of the Western Conference which runs teams for men, women and youth.[59]
The PGA sponsored Price Cutter Charity Championship is played at Highland Springs Country Club on the southeast side of Springfield every year. The event is sponsored by Dr Pepper. Since the event started in 1990, more than $14 million has been raised for local children's charities.[60]
JQH Arena
Springfield has hosted various sporting events. Missouri State's campus in Springfield has hosted the Missouri Special Olympics several times. Springfield has also hosted the Show-Me Games and regularly hosts the Missouri Winter Games in the sports of racquetball, trap shooting, swimming, volleyball and gymnastics.[61] In 2019 and 2020, Springfield will the host of the NAIA Softball Championship World Series.[62] Springfield has also been the host of the Missouri Valley Conference Baseball Tournament, as well as finals for the Missouri Valley Conference in sports like tennis and volleyball.[63] As a city with a World TeamTennis team, Springfield has hosted final games at Cooper Tennis Complex.
The Missouri Sports Hall of Fame is located in the city. Opening in 1994, the hall of fame contains over four thousand sports related items and exhibits. Each year the hall inducts new members who have contributed to sports in the state of Missouri, including athletes, coaches, physical therapists, winning sports teams and Olympic athletes.[64]
Beginning in 2003, Springfield was only one of a thirteen cities in the United States to be a part of the US Olympic Committee's Olympic Development Program.[65] The goal of the program was to develop beginning athletes into elite athletes, with Springfield's program focusing on archery, hockey, tennis and volleyball. Despite the end of the Olympic program in all cities, the city maintains the program as the Community Sports Development Program sponsored by the Springfield Greene County Park Board.[66]
Texas League, Baseball Hammons Field 2005 1
Springfield Lasers
WTT, Team tennis Cooper Tennis Complex 1996 1
Culture[edit]
Like many cities across the nation, Springfield has seen a resurgence in its downtown area. Many of the older buildings have been, and are continuing to be, renovated into mixed-use buildings such as lofts, office space, restaurants, coffee shops, bars, boutiques, and music venues. The Downtown Springfield CID (Community Improvement District) has historic theaters that have been restored to their original state, including the Gillioz Theatre and the Landers Theatre.
In 2001, Phase I of Jordan Valley Park opened along with the Mediacom Ice Park. Phase II of Jordan Valley Park was completed in 2012. 2001 also saw the opening of The Creamery Arts Center, a city-owned building inside Jordan Valley Park. It is home to the Springfield Regional Arts Council, Springfield Regional Opera, Springfield Ballet, and the Springfield Symphony Orchestra and provides office and meeting space for other arts organizations which serve the community. The center has been renovated to include two art galleries with monthly exhibitions, an Arts Library, rehearsal studios, and classrooms offering art workshops and hands-on activities. The facilities also include an outdoor classroom.
A March 2009 New York Times article[67] described the history and ascendancy of cashew chicken in Springfield, where local variations of the popular Chinese dish are ubiquitous.
Cultural organizations[edit]
The Landers Theatre
The Springfield Opera has operated in the city for nearly 40 years. In its history, the opera has performed various well known shows, such as The Barber of Seville, La bohème and Carmen.
The Springfield Ballet was founded in 1978 as a not-for-profit to bring ballet to the region. The first performance was held at the Springfield Art Museum in November 1976, and the first public performance in March 1977. The ballet currently performs at the Landers Theatre in downtown Springfield, and has performed with the Springfield Symphony for holiday programs.[68]
The Springfield Little Theatre was founded in 1934 and purchased the Landers Theatre in 1970 for its permanent performance venue. The theatre is the oldest civic theatre in Missouri and one of the oldest in the midwest, attended my 60,000 people yearly. Its venue, the Landers, has been the setting for performances by actors such as Kathleen Turner, Tess Harper and Lucas Grabeel.[69]
The Springfield Symphony was founded in 1935 and is one of the oldest arts organizations in the city. The symphony was one of the founding members of the American Symphony Orchestra League, now known as the League of American Orchestras, the largest international body for symphonies and orchestras. The symphony performs monthly at Juanita K. Hammons Hall.[70]
The Springfield Art Museum was started by a small group of women, headed by Deborah D. Weisel. Within two years of its original founding as an art study club, the museum had been formed and began showing travelling exhibitions from cities like New York and Philadelphia. In 1948, the museum was handed into the control of the city.[71] In 2018, a 30 year plan was revealed with the intent of updating the museum to be comparable to the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City and Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Northwest Arkansas, capitalizing on its central location in the city and adjacent park space.[72]
Festivals and events[edit]
The Missouri Food Truck Festival has been held in Springfield for several years and brings food trucks from Springfield and surrounding states to be sampled for a single event. Like most local events, it includes live music and allows people to travel from one food truck to another to sample various specialties from various cuisines.[73]
First Friday is a monthly event held in downtown Springfield that allows local artists to show off their works and encourages people to stroll the streets and art galleries to look at local works of art. The event is sponsored by the Springfield Regional Arts Council and has been a regular event in the city since 2001.[74]
Park Central Square, downtown Springfield, where multiple festivals take place yearly.
Cider Days is a two-day event held on Walnut Street downtown featuring local artists showing their crafts, fall themed activities and performances by local groups, as well as cider sampling. Arts Fest is held in May also on Walnut Street downtown, and features similar art vendors showing crafts as well as entertainment for children.[75]
Recently, the city has started to host an annual Route 66 Festival downtown along Route 66 and in Park Central Square. A parade starts the event with a collection of dozens of vintage cars traveling along the former highway. There are also live performances in Park Central Square as people move around St. Louis Street to observe classic cars and browse items from vendors selling artwork and literature about Route 66. The event also holds a 6.6 kilometer run. The 2018 festival lasted two days and was attended by 56,000 people.[76]
The Japanese Fall Festival usually takes place in September at the Springfield Botanical Gardens in Nathanael Greene Park. The event is put on by the Sister Cities Association and commemorates Japanese culture, often involving visitors from Springfield's sister city of Isesaki, offering Japanese tea, giving live performances and selling traditional items like Bonsai and kimono dresses. Springfield in turns sends local groups to Isesaki's city festival each year.[77]
Several holiday events take place in Springfield, including the yearly Downtown Christmas Parade showcasing local schools and businesses sponsoring floats. There's also a yearly lighting of a Christmas tree at Park Central Square and the Festival of Lights in Jordan Valley Park. During Halloween, locals dance to Michael Jackson's Thriller on Commercial Street to a large audience.
Museums and other points of interest[edit]
Air & Military Museum of the Ozarks
American Civil War Library at Wilson's Creek National Battlefield
Battle of Springfield Driving Tour
Commercial Street Historic District
The Creamery Arts Center
Discovery Center of Springfield
Dr. Michael J. Clarke History Museum of Ozarks Scouting
Flower Pentecostal Heritage Center
Founders Park
Gray-Campbell Farmstead
History Museum on the Square (not open yet)
Missouri Institute of Natural Science - Riverbluff Cave
Springfield Art Museum
Trail of Tears National Historic Trail
US Route 66 marker
Wild Bill Hickok–Davis Tutt shootout site
Wonders of Wildlife Museum & Aquarium
National Register of Historic Places[edit]
For a complete list, see National Register of Historic Places in Springfield, Missouri.
Abou Ben Adhem Shrine Mosque
Ambassador Apartments
Bailey School
Bentley House
Benton Avenue AME Church
Camp Manor Apartments
Campbell Avenue Historic District
College Apartments
Day House
Fallin Brothers Building
Finkbiner Building
Franklin Springfield Motor Co. Building
Gillioz Theatre
Gottfried Furniture Company Building
Greene County Courthouse
Heer's Department Store
Heercleff
Holland Building
Hotel Sansone
Jefferson Avenue Footbridge
Keet-McElhany House
J.E. King Manufacturing Company
Robert B. and Vitae A. Kite Apartment Building
Landers Theatre
Lincoln School
Marquette Hotel
Marx-Hurlburt Building
McDaniel Building
Mid-Town Historic District
Netter-Ullman Building
D.M. Oberman Manufacturing Co. Building
Old Calaboose
Pearl Apartments and Windsor Apartments
Pearson Creek Archeological District
Producers Produce Company Plant
Pythian Castle
Rail Haven Motel
Rock Fountain Court Historic District
Route 66 Steak 'n Shake
St. John's Mercy Hospital Building
St. Paul Block
Henry Schneider Building
South Avenue Commercial Historic District
South-McDaniel-Patton Commercial Historic District
Springfield Furniture Company
Springfield Grocer Company Warehouse
Springfield National Cemetery
Springfield Public Square Historic District
Springfield Seed Co. Office and Warehouse
Springfield Warehouse and Industrial Historic District
Stone Chapel
U.S. Customhouse and Post Office
Walnut Street Commercial Historic District
Walnut Street Historic District
West Walnut Street Commercial Historic District
E. M. Wilhoit Building
Edward M. and Della C. Wilhoit House
Wise Feed Company Building
Woods-Evertz Stove Company Historic District
Historic Route 66 Steak 'n Shake
Highways[edit]
Springfield is served by Interstate 44, which connects the city with St. Louis and Tulsa, Oklahoma. Route 13 (Kansas Expressway) carries traffic north towards Kansas City. U.S. Route 60, U.S. Route 65, and U.S. Route 160 pass through the city.
Major streets include Glenstone Avenue, Sunshine Street (Missouri Route 413), National Avenue, Division Street, Campbell Avenue, Kansas Expressway, Battlefield Road, Republic Road, West Bypass, Chestnut Expressway and Kearney Street.
Highway 65 leading to I-44
Springfield is also the site of the first diverging diamond interchange within the United States, at the intersection of I-44 and MO-13 (Kansas Expressway) (at 37°15′01″N 93°18′39″W / 37.2503°N 93.3107°W / 37.2503; -93.3107 (Springfield, Missouri diverging diamond interchange)).
U.S. Route 66 and U.S. Route 166 formerly passed through Springfield, and sections of historic US 66 can still be seen in the city. US 166's eastern terminus was once in the northeast section of the city, and US 60 (westbound) originally ended in downtown Springfield. US 60 now goes through town on James River Freeway. In mid-November 2013, the city began discussing plans to upgrade sections of Schoolcraft Freeway (Highway 65) and James River Freeway (Highway 60) through the city to Interstate 44. The main reason is to minimize confusion should there be an incident on I-44 as a detour route.
Airport[edit]
Springfield-Branson National Airport (SGF) serves the city with direct flights to 13 cities. It is the principal air gateway to the Springfield region. The Downtown Airport is also a public-use airport located near downtown. In May 2009, the Springfield-Branson airport opened a new passenger terminal. Financing included $97 million in revenue bonds issued by the airport and $20 million of discretionary federal aviation funds, with no city taxes used. The building includes 275,000 square feet (25,500 m2), 10 gates (expandable to 60) and 1,826 parking spaces. Direct connections from Springfield are available to Atlanta, Charlotte, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Destin/Fort Walton Beach, Punta Gorda/Fort Myers, Houston, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Orlando, Phoenix and Tampa. No international flights have regular service into Springfield-Branson, but it does serve international charters.
Trains[edit]
Passenger trains have not served Springfield since 1967, but more than 65 freight trains travel to, from, and through the city each day. Springfield was once home to the headquarters and main shops of the St. Louis-San Francisco Railroad (Frisco). Into the 1960s, the Kansas City-Florida Special ran from Kansas City to Jacksonville, Florida, and the Sunnyland ran between Kansas City and Birmingham and New Orleans. The railroad also operated two daily trains to St. Louis through Springfield: the Meteor and the Will Rogers. Both continued southwest to Oklahoma City via Tulsa. The Meteor continued on to Lawton, Oklahoma.
The Frisco was absorbed by the Burlington Northern (BN) in 1980, and in 1994 the BN merged with the Santa Fe, creating the current Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) Railway. BNSF has three switch yards (two small) in Springfield. Mainlines to and from Kansas City, St. Louis, Memphis and Tulsa converge at the railroad's yard facility in northern Springfield. In October 2006, BNSF announced plans to upgrade its Tulsa and Memphis mainlines into Springfield to handle an additional four to six daily intermodal freight trains between the West Coast and the Southeast. The Missouri and Northern Arkansas Railroad also operates several miles of (former Missouri Pacific) industrial track in the city.
Healthcare[edit]
The entrance to the United States Medical Center for Federal Prisoners
Springfield is a regional medical hub with the healthcare field employing a large number of people in the city. Major care providers include CoxHealth, Mercy, Ozarks Community Hospital and Jordan Valley Community Health Center, with Mercy being classified amongst the top 100 hospitals in the country.[78] The city's healthcare systems offer every specialty listed by the American Medical Association. The industry employs more than 30,000 people in the Springfield metro,[79] and both major hospital systems continue expansions.
CoxHealth is a private not-for-profit healthcare system head-quartered in Springfield. It is a seven time top 100 hospital system operating six hospitals, over 80 clinics, health plans and other facilities and employing over 12,100 people in southwest Missouri and Northwest Arkansas. The largest of the network's hospitals, Cox South, recently underwent a large expansion on its south tower. It is a level one trauma, stroke, and STEMI Center. Cox also runs a Children's Miracle Network Hospital for specialized pediatric care.[80] Cox has the only hospital in southwest Missouri designate a Level 1 Stroke Center.[78]
Mercy Health System, based in St. Louis, is a Level 1 Trauma Center, and runs a pediatric cancer center. Mercy Springfield is one of only six St. Jude Children's Research Hospital affiliates in the country, located inside the Jane Pitt Pediatric Cancer Center.[81] Said center is named for Jane Pitt, mother of actor and Springfield native, Brad Pitt, who helped to fund the center with help from his brother, businessman Douglas Pitt, sister Julie, and then partner, actress Angelina Jolie. Both Cox and Mercy maintain Ronald McDonald House Charities and houses for families of those who have children undergoing medical treatment.
The United States Medical Center for Federal Prisoners, one of six federal institutions designed to handle federal inmates' medical concerns, is located at the corner of W. Sunshine Street and Kansas Expressway.[82] Several high profile criminals, including several mob bosses have been housed at the center. Among them, Joseph Bonanno of the Bonanno crime family and John Gotti of the Gambino crime family, who died in the center. The center also housed mass murdererJared Lee Loughner, who perpetrate the 2011 Tucson shooting injuring US Representative Gabby Giffords.
Media[edit]
Print[edit]
The city's major daily newspaper is the Springfield News-Leader, which circulates to more than 50,000 people on Sundays. Other newspapers for Springfield include Daily Events, Springfield Business Journal, which is a weekly paper that provides comprehensive business news, and The Standard which is Missouri State University's in-school newspaper.,
In addition to newspapers, Springfield is the base of 417 Magazine, a local lifestyle and entertainment magazine showcasing restaurants, attractions and local businesses in the 417 area code. The Magazine also maintains 417 Biz for business and networking information highlighting local businesspeople and entrepreneurs, as well as 417 Bride for wedding and bridal related content.
Television[edit]
The Springfield media market ranks 72nd in the nation, amongst markets like Toledo, Ohio and Tucson, Arizona.[83] The area is composed of 31 counties in southwest Missouri and Arkansas. There are 389,750 television-owning households.[84]
Springfield Area Television
KYTV 3 NBC
KRBK 5 Fox
KOLR 10 CBS
KCZ 15 The CW
KOZK 21 PBS
KOZL 27 MyNetworkTV
KSPR 33 ABC
Springfield is also served by other channels such as KRFT, the affiliate for stations such as Retro Television Network, and stations such as KYTV have sub-channels for networks like Antenna TV and WeatherNation TV (the former NBC Weather Plus station.)
Radio[edit]
KGBX-FM
KADI-FM
KKLH-FM
KOMG-FM
KOSP-FM
KQRA-FM
KSCV-FM
KSGF-FM
KSMU-FM
KSPW-FM
KTOZ-FM
KTTS-FM
KTXR-FM
KWFC-FM
KWND-FM
KWTO-FM
KXUS-FM
KWTO (AM)
KBNN-AM
KSWM-AM
KBFL-AM
KSGF-AM
KGMY-AM
KMRF-AM
KRZD
Film[edit]
The city has a history dating back to the 1950s in film and television. Several films, such as the 1952 film The Winning Team starring Doris Day, Frank Lovejoy and future President of the United States, Ronald Reagan, held its premiere in Springfield at the Gillioz Theatre downtown. Reagan, along with his wife Nancy Reagan and President Harry S. Truman were in attendance.[85]
In 2007, Springfield was one of more than a dozen other Springfields in the country vying to host the premiere of The Simpsons Movie through an online video competition voted on by readers of USA Today. The premiere was ultimately hosted in Springfield, Vermont.[86]
Springfield hosts the SATO 48 film contest (Springfield And The Ozarks 48-Hour Film Challenge) every spring in which filmmakers have 48 hours to make a film running five minutes or less.
In 2018, a new film festival, Rated SGF, began in Springfield. The event is hosted by the Film and Media Association of Springfield and the Downtown Springfield Association.[87]
Isesaki Gunma Prefecture Japan
Tlaquepaque Jalisco Mexico
Missouri portal
List of people from Springfield, Missouri
List of tallest buildings in Springfield, Missouri
The Springfield Three
Tiny Town
^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1981 to 2010.
^ Official records for Springfield were kept at downtown from January 1888 to December 1939, Downtown Airport from January 1940 to July 1940, and at Springfield–Branson National Airport since August 1940. For more information, see ThreadEx.
^ a b c "Springfield". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
^ a b "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2012-07-02. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
^ a b "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
^ https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=CF
^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
^ "OMB Bulletin No. 18-04: Update of Statistical Area Definitions and Guidance on Their Uses" (PDF). United States Office of Management and Budget. September 14, 2018. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
^ Dark, Phyllis & Harris. Springfield of the Ozarks: An Illustrated History. Windsor Publications, 1981. ISBN 0-89781-028-7.
^ a b c d e f "History of Greene County, Missouri". Thelibrary.springfield.missouri.org. Retrieved 2017-04-28.
^ a b c d "A brief history of Greene County, Missouri". www.rootsweb.ancestry.com. Retrieved 2017-09-06.
^ "History of Greene County, Missouri". thelibrary.org. Retrieved 2017-09-06.
^ Creative, Demi. "Greenway Trails | Ozark Greenways". ozarkgreenways.org. Retrieved 2017-09-06.
^ a b c d "Springfield History - Springfield Missouri Travel & Tourism - Ozarks/Midwest Vacations". www.springfieldmo.org. Retrieved 2017-09-06.
^ "Zagonyi's Charge". thelibrary.org. Retrieved 2017-09-06.
^ https://thelibrary.org/lochist/history/holcombe/grch30pt1.html
^ a b c "Ozarks Afro-American History Museum Online | Springfield: April 14, 1906 · Lynchings and Exodus". oaahm.omeka.net. Retrieved 2016-10-31.
^ Kimberly Harper, White Man's Heaven: The Lynching and Expulsion of Blacks in the Southern Ozarks, 1894-1909, University of Arkansas Press, 2012, pp. 144-145
^ a b Lynching in America/ Supplement: Lynchings by County, 3rd edition, Montgomery, Alabama: Equal Justice Initiative, 2015, p. 7
^ a b Harper (2012), White Man's Heaven
^ "Historic Joplin » Blog Archive » 105th Anniversary of Springfield's 'Easter Offering'". www.historicjoplin.org. Retrieved 2016-10-31.
^ Dessauer, Phil "Springfield, Mo.-Radio City of Country Music" (April, 1957), Coronet, p. 152
^ "'Jubilee' Turning to Color TV" (April 30, 1961), Springfield Leader-Press
^ "First C&W Deejay Conclave" (June 23, 1956), The Billboard, p. 40
^ "Missouri Breeding Bird Atlas 1986 - 1992: The Natural Divisions of Missouri". Mdc.mo.gov. Retrieved 2010-10-21.
^ "Wind- Average Wind Speed- (MPH)". 2011-03-03. Archived from the original on 2011-03-03. Retrieved 2017-08-11.
^ "Wind Energy Resource Atlas of the United States". RREDC - NREL. 1986. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
^ "Average Relative Humidity(%)". NCDC - NOAA. 2001. Archived from the original on 1 November 2001. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
^ a b "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2016-09-07.
^ Van Riper, Tom (2007-07-20). "In Pictures: America's Wildest Weather Cities: No. 9: Most Variety (biggest variations in temperature, precipitation, wind), Springfield, Mo". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2016-03-10.
^ Haugland, Matt (1998). "Cities with most weather variety". Weather Pages. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
^ "Station Name: MO SPRINGFIELD". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2016-09-07.
^ "WMO Climate Normals for SPRINGFIELD/REGIONAL AP MO 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2014-03-11.
^ a b "City and Town Population Totals: 2010-2017". Retrieved May 26, 2018.
^ United States Census Bureau. "Census of Population and Housing". Retrieved July 10, 2013.
^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
^ a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-02. Retrieved 2013-03-02. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
^ "Our Community". Coxhealth.com. 2006-09-30. Retrieved 2010-06-08.
^ "The Role of Metro Areas in the U.S. Economy" (PDF). U.S. Conference of Mayors. March 2006. p. 119. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-12-16. Retrieved 2009-12-26.
^ "Springfield Business Development Corporation". Business4springfield.com. Retrieved 2010-06-08.
^ "Major Employers | Springfield Regional Economic Partnership". Springfieldregion.com. 2014-06-20. Retrieved 2017-04-28.
^ https://www.springfieldmo.gov/145/City-Council
^ https://www.springfieldmo.gov/261/City-Managers-Office
^ https://www.springfieldmo.gov/231/City-Clerk
^ https://www.cityutilities.net/wp-content/uploads/cu-financials.pdf
^ "Springfield now largest Missouri school district". Springfield News-Leader. 2011-12-14.
^ "Missouri State University sets another fall enrollment record". 20 September 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
^ Miller, Mark (2010-09-28). "Drury University's fall 2010 census reveals record enrollment". Drury.edu. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18.
^ "Drury University: Quick Stats". Drury.edu. Retrieved 2010-06-08.
^ "New students, new spaces at OTC this fall". Otc.edu. Retrieved 2010-06-08.
^ "SBU-Springfield Campus". Retrieved 2017-04-28.
^ "Springfield-Greene County Park Board About Us"
^ "History and Background of Nathanael Greene Close Memorial Park"
^ "Springfield-Greene County Park Board Facilities"
^ "Ozark Greenways Maps"
^ "Springfield CNC"
^ "National Park Service - Wilson's Creek National Battlefield"
^ "FAQ's | Springfield Cardinals Content". Springfield Cardinals. Retrieved 2019-03-10.
^ "About". Springfield Rugby Club, Missouri. Retrieved 2019-03-10.
^ "History". Price Cutter Charity Championship. Retrieved 2019-03-10.
^ "Swimming | Missouri Winter Games". missouriwintergames. Retrieved 2019-03-10.
^ "Softball World Series Heads to Springfield, Mo., in 2019 and 2020". NAIA.org. Retrieved 2019-03-10.
^ "2018-19 Championships". mvc-sports.com. Retrieved 2019-03-10.
^ "Missouri Sports Hall of Fame | Inductees". Missouri Sports Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2019-03-10.
^ "CODP". Team USA. Retrieved 2019-03-10.
^ "Community Sports Development Program (CSDP) | Springfield-Greene County Park Board". www.parkboard.org. Retrieved 2019-03-10.
^ Edge, John T., Missouri Chinese: Two Cultures Claim This Chicken, March 10, 2009, https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/11/dining/11cashew.html
^ "Springfield Ballet :: History". springfieldballet.org. Retrieved 2019-02-20.
^ "Landers Theatre History". Springfield Little Theatre. Retrieved 2019-02-20.
^ "About Us | Springfield Symphony". www.springfieldmosymphony.org. Retrieved 2019-02-20.
^ "About | Springfield Art Museum, MO - Official Website". www.sgfmuseum.org. Retrieved 2019-02-20.
^ "Springfield Art Museum unveils plan to turn site into a world-class attraction". FOX 4 Kansas City WDAF-TV | News, Weather, Sports. 2018-10-13. Retrieved 2019-02-20.
^ "MO Food Truck Fest". MO Food Truck Fest. Retrieved 2019-02-19.
^ "First Friday Art Walk". www.417mag.com. Retrieved 2019-02-19.
^ "Cider Days on Walnut". It's All Downtown. Retrieved 2019-02-19.
^ "Birthplace of Route 66 Festival – Come see where it all started". Retrieved 2019-02-19.
^ "Japanese Fall Festival". www.biz417.com. Retrieved 2019-02-19.
^ a b "Mercy Hospital named to top 100 hospitals list". Springfield News-Leader. Retrieved 2019-02-18.
^ Partnership (SREP), Springfield Regional Economic. "Data". Springfield Regional Economic Partnership. Retrieved 2019-02-18.
^ "2017 a record-setting year for Children's Miracle Network Hospitals at CoxHealth". www.coxhealth.com. Retrieved 2019-02-18.
^ "Brad Pitt and siblings donate $1 million for pediatric cancer center in honor of mom". Cure Today. Retrieved 2019-02-18.
^ "MCPF Springfield." Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved on May 20, 2010.
^ "Media markets" (PDF).
^ "Neilsen Local Television Market Universe Estimates 2017-2018" (PDF). Neilsen. Retrieved 2019-05-23.
^ [(https://www.news-leader.com/story/news/local/ozarks/2015/06/07/ozarks-history-truman-reagan-town-debut-film/28660535/ "Reagan, Truman movie premiere"] Check |url= value (help).
^ Press, MARCUS KABEL Associated. "Springfield competes to host 'Simpsons' movie premiere". Columbia Missourian. Retrieved 2019-04-29.
^ Landis, Michael. "New film festival to premiere in downtown Springfield". www.ky3.com. Retrieved 2019-02-18.
McIntyre, Stephen L., ed. Springfield's Urban Histories: Essays on the Queen City of the Missouri Ozarks (Springfield: Moon City Press, 2012) 352 pp.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Springfield, Missouri.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Springfield (Missouri).
Wikisource has the text of an 1879 American Cyclopædia article about Springfield.
Downtown Springfield
Historic maps of Springfield in the Sanborn Maps of Missouri Collection at the University of Missouri
Municipalities and communities of Christian County, Missouri, United States
County seat: Ozark
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text:
Lobbyists Get To Write Laws For $$$. Worst Part? Lobbying Is The Same As Bribery
We have a crisis of bribery in this country. Of course, its not a corruption crisis the people are aware of because it's not called by its true name based on its actions, i.e. bribery.
CORRUPTION, AMERICAN-STYLE 11/15/2016 As the U.S. prepares for a potential African-style dictatorship under President-elect Trump, the developing world learns how to market government corruption like America.
Point:
The rest of this post simply documents how bad this problem of unelected private interests using loads of cash to write their own laws for their benefit (and their bought Sentor/Congressman's interests );
How Big Pharma used cash to write its own laws creating the opoid crisis;
TRUMP COMES THROUGH ON THE OPIOID CRISIS (BUT NOT REALLY) 10/26/2017 Trevor unpacks how opioid addiction has escalated to a public health crisis and explains why President Trump hasn't lived up to his campaign promise to fight the epidemic.
As Trevor Noah puts it, $250 Million and you can write your own laws...
To see who is REALLY writing our laws all we gotta do is follow the money...
Bill Moyers Essay: Washington's Revolving Door December 14, 2012 In this broadcast essay, Bill shares his perspective on one of the most corrupting D.C. fixtures — the revolving door between Washington leadership and lobbying. That lucrative pathway ensures that "when push comes to shove, corporate interests will have the upper hand in the close calls that determine public policy… no matter which party is in power."
Bill Moyers Essay: On the Health Industry Lobby October 9, 2009 How can true health care reform come about when powerful lobbyists and government advisers come from or work on behalf of the industry we're trying to overhaul?
This weekend, continuing its sharp multi-episode focus on the intersection of money and politics, Moyers & Companyexplores the tight connection between Wall Street and the White House with David Stockman – yes, that David Stockman — former budget director for President Reagan.
Now a businessman who says he was "taken to the woodshed" for telling the truth about the administration's tax policies, Stockman speaks candidly with Bill Moyers about how money dominates politics, distorting free markets and endangering democracy. "As a result," Stockman says, "we have neither capitalism nor democracy. We have crony capitalism."
Stockman shares details on how the courtship of politics and high finance have turned our economy into a private club that rewards the super-rich and corporations, leaving average Americans wondering how it could happen and who's really in charge.
"We now have an entitled class of Wall Street financiers and of corporate CEOs who believe the government is there to do… whatever it takes in order to keep the game going and their stock price moving upward," Stockman tells Moyers.
Also on the show, Moyers talks with Pulitzer Prize-winning New York Times reporter and columnist Gretchen Morgenson on how money and political clout enable industries to escape regulation and enrich executives at the top.
"A Swashbuckling Spectacle of Corruption"–Bill Moyers Investigates Abramoff Lobbying Scandal
Veteran journalist Bill Moyers examines the Jack Abramoff lobbying scandal in detail in the new PBS documentary, "Capitol Crimes." Moyers untangles thousands of emails, documents and facts to reveals the web of relationships, secret deals and political manipulation that went on between some of the most powerful men in Washington D.C. Moyers says, "The men who came to Washington in the 1980's to lead the conservative revolution wound up running a racket. Abramoff was their outside man, outside the White House, outside the infrastructure but he was very welcome inside the government. [Abramoff had] very good ties with Karl Rove, Ralph Reed, Grover Norquist of Americans for Tax Reform–it was all part of an apparatus that was designed to launder money." [includes rush transcript] The fallout continues from the Jack Abramoff lobbying scandal. A new bi-partisan House report released on Friday details extensive lobbying contacts between convicted lobbyist Abramoff and the Bush White House. Investigators found that between January 2001 and March 2004, Abramoff and his associates had more than 400 contacts with White House officials. The committee conducting the investigation noted that the records showed "an unusually detailed glimpse into a sordid subculture of fraud and attempted influence peddling."
The Democrats Ignore the 500-Pound Lobbyist in the RoomAs party members meet to approve a new platform, they pay little attention to the industry that's destroying government and politics.
The Life of the Parties: An Inside Look at the Lobbying World Washington's influence industry is sycophantically chronicled in Politico's newsletter, Influence.
Michael Winship: The Supreme Court Says NO to the People - Again
Citizens Class: The Land of Lobby
"Gerrymandering" Is Just A Polite Way Of Saying Election Fraud. Democrats Won't Even Call Corruption & Election Fraud What It Is... While The GOP Yells "Election Fraud" Even When There Is No Evidence Of It (Or Not Enough Evidence To Warrant Expenditure Of Tax Dollars On It)
GOP Lose Elections DESPITE Rigging The Elections In Thier Districts To Win Like Dictators
Posted by Abe at 12:44 AM

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I am a huge fan of discounts, especially stores that are full of discounts. That's why I love the .99-Cent Only Store, which a great place to go for inexpensive essentials. I'm going to share with you my favorite things to buy from that store, as well as tips on what to avoid.
Skip the hair brushes and weird looking hair products and go straight for the hair accessories. I usually buy bobby pins, the 500-packs of small elastics, and decorative hair accessories from the .99-Cent Only Store. I just look for name brand items. If you have ever visited the hair section at Target, then you know how amazing the .99-Cent Only Store hair finds can be. Target charges $3-4 for bobby pins, elastics, and hair accessories, which sounds inexpensive until you realize it's 300% or 400% of $0.99.
Just today I found cute Goody hair clips for my two little girls, and in the past, I have found adorable Cherokee hair clips (with the Target price sticker of $5 still on it).
My oldest daughter loves crafts, but to be honest, most of the stuff she makes ends up in the trash. I don't want to spend a fortune for her to express her creativity. The .99-Cent Only Store has a lot of different craft supplies and even Disney art kits. Stay away from off-brand crayons and markers though, as they don't work as well.
All .99-Cent Only Stores are packed with questionable food items. There are several shelves packed with food items you wouldn't feed your enemy, let alone your children. However, there are also good food deals, and even amazing organic food deals every once in a while. It just depends on the stock. If you see something you like, grab a whole bunch, because it most likely won't last.
I can usually find a box of organic crackers or granola bars at my local stores. Just look for full-sized items (don't be tricked into paying .99 for smaller portions), and be sure to check expiration dates. I stick to brands I know so there are no surprises. As far as fresh produce goes, it varies by store and date. One of my local stores' produce section always looks and smells disgusting, so I don't even bother. However, I have gone to stores that are very well kept and have a good selection of fresh, organic produce.
Another random item I try to always buy from the .99-Cent Store is kid toothbrushes. Usually they have popular characters, and many times, it is the same exact packages sold at Target and Walmart. For example, I just bought a pack of 4 Snoopy-themed toothbrushes from Target for $3. That same package of 3 was at the .99-Cent Store for .99. The .99-Cent Store also has My Little Pony, Disney's Dory and Pets, and Barbie selections.
Even though I love a lot of items at the .99-Cent Store, there is also a lot I avoid. I don't trust any of the medications, vitamins, lotions, etc. The toys are either cheap in quality or marked up to prices between $1.99 to $4.99 (Hello, this is the .99-Cent Only Store). I have seen a lot of people say the pregnancy test is legit, but it gave me a negative when I was almost a month along with my first daughter five years ago.
I also avoid food containers or eating accessories unless they are made out of glass or are a brand I recognize.
What are your favorite things to buy at the .99-Cent Only Store (or similar stores for those who don't have a .99-Cent Store)?


A participant / Firm can submit MULTIPLE entries in all categories. Every submission shall be registered individually with a form & Reg. fees.
The competition is open to any Design Practice consisting of proprietary concern, partnership firm, private & public limited company.
The Certificate/ trophy will be issued only in the name of the Design Practice.
A participant will qualify to enter only in the region in which his/ her design practice is situated & the location of the project being submitted will not be considered for above purpose for category 1 to 10.
The signatory of the registration form is bound by the Award rules to attend the Awards Ceremony if his / her entry is selected as the winner / Runner up / Commendation.
Panel No 1 should contain layout & relevant drawings & details with the USP of the project in not more than 150 words. The USP should be mentioned in top right hand corner of the panel.
Panel No 2 should contain project details**, client brief & response to judging criteria.
Panel No 3 should contain relevant colour photographs of the project.
Context – description of immediate surroundings.
Innovative adaptation of traditional / local crafts.
Participants shall not mention Name of the interior work / project or Designer anywhere on the panel or on the sheets or in the photographs. The name should not be featured anywhere in the PPT presentation. Failure to do so will invite disqualification.
All Entries can only be uploaded post online registration fee submission.
All participants will receive a Yearbook containing entry of all Zonal & National winners including their Profile post 2018 awards announcement.
In category 10 the Principal of the Practice shall not be more than 35 years of age on the date of submission.
The Organizers / Jury reserve the right to transfer competition entries to an appropriate category, if found otherwise.
The decision of the jury will be final and no correspondence in this regard will be entertained.
The organizers / Jury reserve the right to withhold the award not deemed to meet the required standards in any category.
All material submitted for the Awards shall become property of IIID and be deemed to have the necessary publication rights. It can be used for publicity / documentation purpose without further notification to or clearance from participants concerned.
The Office Bearers of the National Executive Committee of IIID, the Awards Committee Members and others directly associated with the Awards are not eligible to participate in the competition.
Names of all the winners / runners up / certificates of merit shall be announced at the Regional/ National Awards Ceremony.
IIID will compensate travel cost to the winners/ runners up/ commendation for only one person in whose name the entry has been submitted.
It is assumed that all information given by the participant is factual. If found otherwise, the entry shall be disqualified & any awards/ certificate, if given will be forfeited.
Please refer the list to mark the Zone on the form.
The Last Date of Submission of entries is 6.00 pm on Thursday, 24th January 2019.


Flatters your waist and holds you in. The ultimate waist-defining fit. Levi's® sculpt fabrication with soft is a delicate blend of ultra-soft fibers and powerful stretch.It features the iconic leather patch at back waist with a cut-off hem.


text:
Manta Air ist eine 2018 gegründete maledivische Inlands-Fluggesellschaft mit Sitz in Malé und Basis auf dem Malé International Airport. Der Erstflug fand am 24. Februar 2019 statt.

Destinationen
Ab dem 24. Februar 2019 fliegt Manta Air zu 3 Zielen.

 Baa-Atoll – Flughafen Dharavandhoo
 Dhaalu-Atoll – Flughafen Dhaalu
 Malé International Airport (Basis)
 Kooddoo  – Flughafen Kooddoo

Flotte
Manta Air bedient Ziele im Inland. Mit Stand Juli 2020 besteht die Flotte der Manta Air aus 9 Flugzeugen mit einem Durchschnittsalter 31,4 Jahren:

Siehe auch
 Liste von Fluggesellschaften

Weblinks
 Webpräsenz der Manta Air (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Fluggesellschaft (Malediven)
Gegründet 2018
Organisation (Malé)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Below, you will see a list of some of the more common experiences that survivors of sexual assault have. Please be aware that the various effects associated with being a survivor of sexual assault can vary depending on the individual, and in response to the particular context and relationship within which the assault occurred.
In looking at the long term impact of sexual assault, the chances that a victim will develop Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are between 50-95%. PTSD can be a debilitating anxiety disorder characterized by intrusive memories or thoughts of the event, extreme anxiety, hypervigilance, difficulty concentrating, insomnia, and depression. Counseling can help victims deal with the overwhelming emotions that may follow an assault.
Persons who experience the violence and trauma of sexual assault are encouraged to be survivors in the sense of being persons with dignity and power who rise above the assault.


text:
Komarov es un cráter de impacto que se encuentra  sobre el borde sureste del Mare Moscoviense, en el hemisferio norte de la cara oculta de la Luna. Es un elemento complejo, con un aspecto irregular.

El borde norte de Komarov presenta un abultamiento hacia el mar lunar, dándole forma de pera. Las regiones alrededor de los bordes noreste y sur son rugosas y desiguales, y el suelo del cráter ha resurgido por los flujos de lava, que han sumergido completamente el tercio occidental. Esta superficie está marcada por un patrón de múltiples grietas que discurren principalmente en una dirección norte-sur, que recuerdan un lecho de lodo cuando se seca. En el interior del borde este se halla una hendidura que se curva con el borde interior. El brocal en su lado noroeste presenta una rampa exterior, desde la que  desciende a la llanura del mar vecino.

El cráter lleva el nombre del cosmonauta soviético Vladímir Komarov (1927-1967).

Véase también
 Anexo:Cráteres de la Luna
 Selenografía

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Referencia UAI del CRÁTER
LPI Digital Lunar Orbiter Photographic Atlas of the Moon
Mapa LROC
The-moon.wikispaces.com: Komarov


Before the decision on the designing and lay out of the milking parlours is taken it is necessary to keep in view the milking practice in vogue. In developed countries, where labour is scarce and expensive, machine milking has become very widespread and it is also practiced on many large commercial dairy farms in the tropics. Milking machines not only reduces labour requirement and eliminates the drudgery of hand milking, but in most cases performs a better quality milking operation than would be done by hand. However, most of the many small dairy farms in developing countries have a surplus of cheap labour and the number of cows milked at each of them is not sufficient to economically justify the installation of a machine. Furthermore, machines require power and are more expensive to purchase than the few pieces of equipment needed for hand milking. On commercial farms where several cows are milked at the time, a milking parlour becomes a feasible investment. Several types of milking parlours are in use in dairy regions throughout the world.
The abreast parlour allows cows to enter and leave individually. The stands should be 1.0 to 1.1 m wide when a bucket milking machine is used or when hand milking is practiced, while 0.7 to 0.8 m is adequate when a pipeline milking system is installed. In both cases the width for the milker should be 0.6 to 0.8 m. The main drawback with the abreast parlour is the relatively long distance to walk between milking points and cows obstructing the milker since they share the same floor space.
In walk-through or chute parlours cows enter and leave in batches. They have been used mainly for small herds. Their narrow width can be an advantage where a parlour is to be fitted in an existing building, but it is inferior to other types in most other respects, however, it is cheaper to construct than a tandem parlour.
The herringbone parlour layout results in a compact working area and allows feeders to be fixed to the side walls. Four stands on each side of the pit, is the minimum size of this type for high labour efficiency. The popularity of the herringbone parlour is mainly due to its simplicity and its high capacity measured in numbers of cows milked per man-hour. However, the risk of cows kicking the milker is greater in this type than in parlours where the milker stands alongside the cow.
The cows are normally assembled in a collecting yard (holding area) before milking. This may be a portion of the yard that is temporarily fenced off with chains. The collecting yard should have a minimum size of 1.1 to 2.0 m² per cow. Large horned cows and a low herd number will require the largest space per cow. The area should slope away from the parlour 20 to 100 mm/m. This not only improves drainage but also encourages the cows to face the entrance. The collecting yard should be paved for easy cleaning and to allow for sanitary conditions in the parlour. A roof is desirable for shade and to avoid wet cows entering the parlour in the rainy season.


Nia do you know when this was written?
The document is undated, but after receiving your question I did a bit of digging on-line and found it! The document was a draft of what was later included in a book that was published in 1974.
This paper, along with a version written in long hand, I found in a file in the Francis M. Manning Collection, located at the Martin Community College Library. I visited there back in 2014. It had a wealth of miscellaneous history about Martin County. My time was limited, so I read and copied what I can. But I would love to go back one day, or look forward to the day all the papers are digitized.


Since its inception, SPC have been a leader in higher education in Florida. It was the state's first community college (founded in 1927) and also the first to begin offering baccalaureate degrees (2002). As one of Florida's 28 state colleges, SPC is committed to positively impacting students by offering them the opportunity to earn a degree or certificate that will change their lives, along with a comprehensive set of support services to help them in those endeavors. Our nationally recognized "College Experience" uses a five-pronged approach to help students start smart and finish strong. Most recently, SPC has become a leader in Academic and Career Pathways that offer students a clear map with sequential course listings to help them achieve their goals.


text:
Ahmadinejad: What need do we have for a bomb?
Ben Cohen
by Ari Rutenberg
In an interview with Iranian President Ahmadinejad done by CBS' 60 Minutes the Iranian President specifically refuted U.S. claims that he is attempting to develop nuclear weapons. Read the article and see the video here and read additional coverage here. Ahmadinejad also said that "it's wrong to think that Iran and the U.S. are walking towards war. Who says so? Why should we go to war?...There is no war in the offing."
So clearly the recent rhetoric from Bush, Cheney, and Sarkozy is both incorrect factually and counterproductive diplomatically.
Though I do not believe Ahmadinejad is incorrect about many things, it is not because he lies. I believe his word to be credible because he believes what he says. There is therefore no reason to question the veracity of statements whose outcomes he controls. Therefore it seems clear that drum beats for war are only coming from one religious fundamentalist government, ours.
Once again our leaders desire war for the most crass and heartless of reasons. Indeed they have poisoned the minds of the American people to the extent that a New York state Assemblyman Dov Hikind said ""He should be arrested when he comes to Columbia University, not invited to speak, for God's sake." This was said apropos of nothing. Neither this man, nor anyone else, has any hard evidence that Iran or Mr. Ahmadinejad have committed any crimes. The fact that Iraqi insurgents use their weapons is an indication of nothing, given that they use ours as well. In addition it is a reminder of the complete lack of knowledge and understanding many Americans, even those in government, have towards the outside world. It is illegal to arrest a foreign leader traveling on a diplomatic mission to the United Nations. We have granted this man a visa to enter our country and should not be making threats which are unconstitutional (because under the constitution treaty obligations are our highest law).
So then there is no reason to talk about war with Iran other than to stoke the fears of the American population. It must stop or we will find that we have become the monster so many eleive us to be.
What have we become?
By Ben Cohen
Belligerence towards Ahmadinejad won't solve anything
Why We Need Glenn Beck
We Do Not Have a Political Problem, We Have an Empathy Problem
What do Pierre Omidyar, Glenn Greenwald and Glenn Beck Have in Common? A Very Shady Business Model
Ahmadinejad's Jewish Past
What?!?!?!?!?!?!?!?!?
We need men like this


text:
'I wanted a primal, primitive experience': Controversial new reality series sees women shunning hospitals and doctors to give birth in the WILD
Lifetime's Born in the Wild follows women who choose to have their babies out in the middle of nowhere, miles away from the nearest hospital
The show has come under fire from medical experts who claim the mothers are at risk of infection of illness
Producers refused to allow any first time mothers to take part in the series
By Charlie Lankston For Dailymail.com
Lifetime has released the first trailer for its controversial new reality series Born in the Wild, which follows a group of pregnant women who abandon traditional hospital and home births in favor of having their babies out in the wild, miles away from the nearest medical facility.
The trailer introduces two mothers who have chosen to pursue this ultimate style of natural birth, with one being carried out into the woods during labor, and another choosing to go through the entire process while camped out in a makeshift cabin in rural Alaska.
And while the show has come under fire from medical experts who claim it will start a 'dangerous trend' that will see more mothers attempting to give birth without the help of doctors or midwives, its stars insist their choice of birthing method is actually one of the safest - and most enjoyable.
Natural birth: Lifetime's new reality series Born in the Wild follows a group of pregnant women who abandon traditional hospital births in favor of having their babies out in the middle of nowhere
Little miracle: Producers insisted that no first time mothers were allowed to take part in the show
'The main problem I had with my first birth is my choices weren't respected,' mother-of-three Audrey Bird, 25, whose six-month-old daughter Piper was born in front of the cameras outside of the family home in rural Alaska, told the New York Post.
'I said, "I don't want IV lines, I want to be able to move, be able to walk, I don't want to be strapped down to the bed or tied to a monitor."
'The nurses at that time... were very argumentative and as soon as I proved any resistance to what they wanted to do, they treated me disrespectfully and they introduced a lot of fear to me that wasn't necessary.'
Audrey, whose husband Peter fully supported her decision to pursue a totally natural birth, is actually a trained midwife and gave birth to her second child while at home, without the help of any other doctors or nurses.
More than half of pregnant Brazilian women choose Caesareans... 'It's a very tough pregnancy': RHOC star Tamra Barney...
Isolated: Audrey Bird, from Alaska, opted to give birth to her third child Piper in a makeshift cabin built by her husband
Trained professional: The 25-year-old is a midwife and therefore chose not to have any other doctors or nurses present at the birth
Into the wild: The family asked a nearby medevac team, located 30 minutes away from their home, to be on standby in case of an emergency
She admits that giving birth out in the wild, without the safety of a totally-sterile environment, didn't worry her because she completely 'trusted her body', her husband and her training to ensure her baby would be born without any complications.
Lifetime producers offered the Birds the opportunity to have a medical professional on-hand in case of any medical emergencies, but Audrey declined, opting instead to have a ask a medevac team located 30 minutes away from their home to be on standby should anything go wrong.
'I've attended many births, dealt with many complications. We were very prepared, we didn't anticipate anything going wrong that we couldn't handle,' she added.
While announcing the launch of the series back in June, Lifetime's senior VP Eli Lehrer told Entertainment Weekly that executives working on the show were taking 'extreme precautions to make sure the mothers and babies were safe' throughout the filming process.
Mother and child: Audrey and her husband Peter welcomed a healthy baby girl
Trust: The mother-of-three was completely confident in 'her body and her husband'
He added: 'Our presence at these births is going to make them far safer than if they were doing it on their own.'
But the series has already come under fire from critics who insist that Born in the Wild will inspire many more pregnant women to follow in the footsteps of its stars - but without the help and support of a professional production team.
'I understand everybody wants to believe we over-medicalize pregnancy and that it's a natural process,' maternal-fetal specialist Ron Jaekle told Entertainment Weekly.
'But it's a natural process that historically has caused an extraordinary loss of life.'
Shock trailer: Women give birth in the wild reality show | Inside TV | EW.com
Lifetime to deliver new reality show 'Born in the Wild' | New York Post
Born in the Wild trailer sees women shunning hospitals to give birth in the WILD
The REAL reason so many women are dreaming about sex! How embracing erotic fantasies and openly sharing our desires is stimulating more sexually charged slumber
Can you REALLY cook for the whole week in two hours? A savvy new book says you can - but can it feed a family of four...
The traumatic births that haunt women for DECADES: The arrival of a baby is supposed to erase the agonies of labour - but as a psychologist reveals, for some the legacy can be devastating
Is any lipstick worth £100? FEMAIL gives their verdict on the most coveted luxury beauty products
Dress you can wear for 100 DAYS without washing it! That's the claim of its makers who say we should all wash clothes less often - but did it pass the pong test?
After 17 years and two children, I've realised the missing ingredient in my marriage is oodles of canoodles
Why do all mums hate the head of the PTA? Writer DEBBI MARCO learned the hard way it's always a poisoned chalice
Liz Hurley's 17-year-old son Damian is the spitting image of his mother as he makes his modeling debut in a beauty campaign, showing off a picture-perfect pout while posing with HUGE hair and glowing highlighter
Father of quintuplets and two daughters under 4 reveals the VERY clever ways he's adapted his home - from a custom 'baby bus' to a dining table with built-in highchairs
How to transform your body in EIGHT weeks: Mum-of-two reveals exactly how she lost 12.5 kilograms after a healthy diet failed to give her results
Going for that 'Old Hollywood' glamour? What Lady Gaga, Gisele, Kendall Jenner and more stars will look like when they're old and wrinkly - thanks to the viral FaceApp challenge that is flooding social media
They're lovin' it! McDonald's employee goes viral after revealing a very sneaky trick that helps customers get 'FREE' drinks at the restaurant (but not everyone is impressed with his tip)
'I have never felt MORE feminine!' 90 Day Fiance star Anfisa Nava fires back at body shamers who said she 'looks like a man' after she gained muscle for her first bikini competition


April 1, 1992: National Public Radio's Talk of the Nation revealed that Richard Nixon, in a surprise move, was running for President again. His new campaign slogan was, "I didn't do anything wrong, and I won't do it again." Accompanying this announcement were audio clips of Nixon delivering his candidacy speech. Listeners responded viscerally to the announcement, flooding the show with calls expressing shock and outrage. Only during the second half of the show did the host John Hockenberry reveal that the announcement was a practical joke. Nixon's voice was impersonated by comedian Rich Little.
March 31, 1989: Thousands of motorists driving on the highway outside London looked up in the air to see a glowing flying saucer descending on their city. Many of them pulled to the side of the road to watch the bizarre craft float through the air. The saucer finally landed in a field on the outskirts of London where local residents immediately called the police to warn them of an alien invasion. Soon the police arrived on the scene, and one brave officer approached the craft with his truncheon extended before him. When a door in the craft popped open, and a small, silver-suited figure emerged, the policeman ran in the opposite direction. The saucer turned out to be a hot-air balloon that had been specially built to look like a UFO by Richard Branson, the 36-year-old chairman of Virgin Records. The stunt combined his passion for ballooning with his love of pranks. His plan was to land the craft in London's Hyde Park on April 1. Unfortunately, the wind blew him off course, and he was forced to land a day early in the wrong location.
April 1, 1976: During an early-morning interview on BBC Radio 2, the British astronomer Patrick Moore announced that at 9:47 AM that day a once-in-a-lifetime astronomical event was going to occur. Pluto would pass behind Jupiter, and this planetary alignment would temporarily counteract and lessen the Earth's own gravity. Moore told his listeners that if they jumped in the air at the exact moment the alignment occurred, they would experience a strange floating sensation. When 9:47 AM arrived, the station began receiving hundreds of phone calls from listeners claiming to have felt the sensation. One woman reported that she and her friends had risen from their chairs and floated around the room. Moore had intended his annoucement to be a spoof of a pseudoscientific theory that had recently been promoted in a book called The Jupiter Effect, alleging that a rare alignment of the planets was going to cause massive earthquakes and the destruction of Los Angeles in 1982.
April 1, 1977: The Guardian published a special seven-page supplement devoted to San Serriffe, a small republic said to consist of several semi-colon-shaped islands located in the Indian Ocean. A series of articles affectionately described the geography and culture of this obscure nation. Its two main islands were named Upper Caisse and Lower Caisse. Its capital was Bodoni, and its leader was General Pica. The Guardian's phones rang all day as readers sought more information about the idyllic holiday spot. Only a few noticed that everything about the island was named after printer's terminology. The success of this hoax is widely credited with launching the enthusiasm for April Foolery that gripped the British tabloids in subsequent decades.
April 1, 1962: Sweden's SVT (Sveriges Television) brought their technical expert, Kjell Stensson, onto the news to inform the public that, thanks to a new technology, viewers could convert their existing sets to display color reception. At the time, there was only the one TV channel in Sweden, and it broadcast in black and white, so this was big news. Stensson explained that all viewers had to do was pull a nylon stocking over their tv screen, and the mesh would cause the light to bend in such a way that it would appear as if the image was in color. He proceeded to demonstrate the process. Thousands of people were taken in. Many Swedes today still report remembering their fathers rushing through the house trying to find stockings to place over the TV set. Regular color broadcasts only commenced in Sweden on April 1, 1970.


Although adept on most percussion instruments, Frank concentrated on the vibraphone whilst playing with NYJO and attending Trinity College of Music during his teenage years, whilst also developing his talents as a composer and arranger.
In the late 60s/early 70s Frank played and recorded with Neil Ardley, Dave Gelly, Graham Collier, Mike Gibbs, Stan Tracey, Harry Beckett, Norma Winstone and Gordon Beck. He also led his own jazz quartet, featuring the guitarist Chris Spedding, bassist Chris Laurence and drummer Bryan Spring, which recorded the album Our Point of View, released in July 1969. In 1971, in partnership with bassist Mike de Albuquerque, he released the album First Wind.
In the 1980s he played with Chris Laurence and John Taylor in the group Paragonne, after which he worked primarily as a studio musician. Between 1984/87 Frank wrote the soundtrack music, in the style of Bix Beiderbecke, for Yorkshire Television's The Beiderbecke Trilogy. The music was performed by his band – the Frank Ricotti All Stars – and featured Kenny Baker on cornet. A soundtrack album was released in 1988 which, 5 years later, peaked at No. 73 in the UK Albums Chart. Frank and the All Stars made a cameo appearance in the final series, playing in a jazz club.
Over the years Frank has recorded with many great artists such as Freddie Mercury, the Pet Shop Boys, Swing Out Sister, Belle and Sebastian, Clannad, Barclay James Harvest, Meat Loaf, Elkie Brooks, Rick Wakeman, Tina Turner, Aztec Camera and Mark Knopfler, for whom he played vibes on the album Kill to Get Crimson.
More recently Frank has been involved in the soundtracks for The Fantastic Mr. Fox (2009), Skyfall (2012) and The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014).


text:
Archbishop Vincent Nichols meets families in crisis
Posted on June 20, 2013 at 11:43 am.
The Archbishop of Westminster, Vincent Nichols, visited the Cardinal Hume Centre on his way to address a civil society summit in London today (Wednesday June 19).
Archbishop Nichols, patron of the Centre , met with families to discuss the difficulties they face in today's economic climate. He shared with them the points he would be making at the Summit on the importance of family values and how families are the building blocks of a stable society. With the right support he said that families could fulfil their tremendous potential for good – teaching children values and commitment which they then go on to extend to the wider society. He also emphasised the powerful and positive role father's play in the lives of their children and acknowledged that they too need support.
The Archbishop heard first-hand from mothers at the Centre who told him how difficult it was for families to stay together when it is so hard to find affordable housing or to earn a living wage. One woman explained how scared she was of the housing benefit cuts as this may mean that she will have to move out of London, transfer her children to new schools and live far away from her support network.
"What I've heard at the Cardinal Hume Centre confirms that family relationships – even when times are hard – are crucially important, as one lady said to me they are the glue of life. I have had great encouragement today that people can learn from their family and wider community and that's what forms the stable families of the future. At the Centre you see vulnerability and fragility and the Centre becomes an extended family", said Archbishop Nichols.
The Archbishop called on the Summit to identify the nature of the support families need. He suggested better and more affordable housing that would alleviate the pressure on family relationships caused by overcrowding and high rents and economic hardship.
Cathy Corcoran, Chief Executive of the Cardinal Hume Centre said: "It was very encouraging for our clients to hear from the Archbishop today and talk to him about their hopes and fears. It is pretty frightening for all of us to know that the worst is yet to come as the impact of welfare reform starts to bite more deeply. It is very good to know that the Church is ready to participate in the public debate talking about the human cost of the cuts."
If you would like to help vulnerable people, and families in poverty to escape the threat of homelessness – please support the Cardinal Hume Centre by making a donation today.


Lambda Phi Epsilon, the University's first Asian-American fraternity, introduced its members to the community Sunday afternoon during a ceremony in the Rotunda Dome Room.
The event attracted members of the Asian-American student population, as well as Aaron Laushway assistant dean of students of fraternity and sorority life, Assistant Dean of Students Ajay Nair, andChristine McGill, interim program coordinator for the Office of Fraternity and Sorority Life, all of whom spoke at the ceremony.
The new fraternity, which was officially founded last March, marks the 36th of Lambda Phi Epsilon's 37 chapters nationwide.
Lambda Phi Epsilon is the only Asian-American interest fraternity recognized by the National Inter-Fraternity Council.
Those involved with the launching of the fraternity at the University said they were excited by the historic implications of the group's founding.
"The emergence of ethnically and culturally based organizations is a very recent phenomenon," Laushway said. "Fraternity life is expanding, and Asian-American students are responding."
Lambda Phi Epsilon President Tuan Huynh said he believes this is the appropriate time for the fraternity's inception.
"There is a need for this because it increases awareness about Asian-Americans while promoting a brotherhood bond among men," Huynh said. "I honestly don't know why it's taken so long for this to happen."
As a member of the Multi-Cultural Greek Council, Lambda Phi Epsilon will adhere to its policies and requirements, including rush guidelines, fraternity Rush Chair Cheng Lu said. The group plans to focus on academics and community service in its agenda.
Lambda Phi Epsilon Secretary Vivek Taneja said the fraternity will cooperate with the Cammy Lee Foundation, an organization that recruits potential Asian-American bone marrow donors, to help fulfill its philanthropic goals.
However, unity remains the fraternity's top priority.
"We want to hold onto brotherhood," Huynh said. "That's what makes us enticing to prospective" rushees.
Laushway also stressed the group's unifying purpose.
"Ethnically based organizations seek to celebrate a specific aspect of multi-culturalism within the fraternal bonds of fraternity and sorority life," he said.


Hosted by Kandace Photography, One With Nature is a shootout tailored for both beginner and seasoned photographers alike. Whether you're looking to fill your portfolio with beautiful new photographs or learn more about and immerse yourself in the photography community, this shootout is the perfect opportunity.
Come shoot at one of the most sought after venues in the East Bay at Sunset!
Location: Ruth Bancroft Gardens in Walnut Creek, CA - Happy to announce this will be a private venue with access to only One With Nature attendees!
What We Will Be Shooting: We will have 2 (or 3 depending on the amount of tickets sold) fully styled models including hair, makeup and wardrobe so that each attendee has the opportunity to shoot the subject in their own creative way.
Cost: A deposit of $75 is required to register. Total cost of shootout is $250 (with payment plan options).


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