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Home Mental Health Depression Depression Related Topics Psychotic Depression
Psychotic Depression
Psychotic depression is a specific subtype of major depression that includes primary features of depression and psychotic symptoms like delusions and hallucinations.
By The Recovery Village
Editor Megan Hull
Reviewer Dr. Karen Vieira
Updated on12/26/19
One of the most severe mood disorders, psychotic depression can be difficult for both those with the condition and the people who love them. While psychotic depression can be challenging to cope with, understanding what separates it from other forms of depression, being able to recognize signs of the condition and learning about factors that can put people at risk of developing it can help individuals seek treatment sooner rather than later.
What Is Psychotic Depression?
Symptoms of Psychotic Depression
Psychotic Depression vs. Schizophrenia
Risk Factors for Psychotic Depression
Diagnosing Psychotic Depression
Psychotic Depression Treatment and Prognosis
Psychotic depression is typically defined as a condition that shares features of both depression and psychosis. Psychotic depression is generally accepted as a specific subtype of unipolar major depression. Features of severe psychotic depression include delusions, hallucinations or breaks with reality.
Distinguishing Psychotic Depression From Major Depression
All forms of depression can be characterized as mood disorders and involve persistent feelings of sadness. Major depression, also referred to as clinical depression or non-psychotic depression, affects how a person processes information, feels and behaves. These symptoms can lead to pronounced emotional and physical problems that can disrupt daily activities.
Major depression with psychotic features includes the additional characteristic of psychosis. Psychosis is a psychological phenomenon characterized by temporary delusions, hallucinations, and breaks with reality. Although a common belief is that psychotic depression is simply a severe form of major depression, the connection between depression severity and the presence of psychotic symptoms is weak.
Psychotic depression statistics or prevalence within the general population worldwide has been increasing over the last two decades, with a current lifetime risk of 20–25% in women and 7–12% in men, although this gender difference may be due, in part, to a greater tendency in women to seek help. Some studies have found that approximately 18% of people who meet criteria for major depression also had psychotic features.
Psychotic depression symptoms include all of the primary defining symptoms of depression, such as:
Persistent feeling of sadness
No longer enjoying activities that were previously enjoyable
A general loss of interest in life
However, psychotic depression additionally includes symptoms of psychosis, which could include breaks from reality, like visual or auditory hallucinations, and disruptions in ideation, like believing others could hear or control their thoughts.
More specifically, a person with psychotic depression may:
Have inappropriate emotional outbursts, like yelling at a coworker for a trivial issue
Neglect their personal hygiene and appearance
Spend an inordinate amount of time sleeping or being by themselves
Have conversations that might appear to be nonsensical
Psychotic depression experiences have a wide range of variability, which makes them difficult to summarize. However, individuals experiencing psychotic depression are far more likely to answer "yes" to questions like:
Do you ever feel as if you are possessed by someone or something else?
Do you ever feel as if all things in magazines or on TV were written especially for you?
Do you ever think that people can communicate telepathically?
Have your thoughts ever been so vivid that you were worried other people would hear them?
People with psychotic depression and schizophrenia experience psychosis. However, the psychosis experienced by people with psychotic depression is generally related to the primary condition of depression, which is a mood disorder. That is, they are related to feelings of sadness, failure and negative self-image.
Importantly, the psychosis experienced by people with psychotic depression only occurs during episodes of major depression. People with psychotic depression are often aware of their symptoms and might feel ashamed of them and consequently, leading them to try to conceal their condition from others.
Those with schizophrenia have powerful hallucinations, delusions and disrupted thought processes, but these are not related to mood and are often implausible or completely unintelligible. They also tend to exhibit disrupted motor behavior, such as:
Unusual body posture
Slowed movement patterns
Rigid or involuntary movement patterns
What causes psychotic depression? In general, depression can be the result of imbalances in brain chemistry, hormone levels and inherited traits and may be triggered by negative life circumstances. Factors that are associated with an increased risk of depression include personality traits like:
Pessimistic worldview
Further, traumatic life events can trigger depression, including:
Financial and relationship problems
Loss of a job or loved one
There is also a strong genetic link to depression. This connection extends to relatives that have a history of depression, bipolar disorder and chemical addiction. In some cases, certain medications for high blood pressure or insomnia have also been associated with depression.
Parental history of bipolar disorder appears to be a strong risk factor for the development of psychotic depression, whereas this does not appear to be a factor for non-psychotic depression. However, it is important to understand that there is a high degree of overlap between risk factors associated with psychotic and non-psychotic depression and these same risk factors are associated with a wide range of other mental disorders.
A psychotic depression diagnosis is difficult because psychotic depression shares many symptoms with other mental disorders like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. A clinical diagnosis of psychotic depression requires the observation of multiple psychotic episodes that co-occur with multiple features of major depression. Only mental health professionals have the training to properly administer a psychotic depression test.
The test includes blood or urine tests to rule out other physical problems and the collection of a full medical history and family history to assess for genetic risk indicators.
Many other cognitive and behavioral factors are also considered, including:
Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
Loss of interest in previously pleasurable experiences
Sleeping too much or too little
Difficulty thinking, concentrating or making decisions
Identifying delusions and hallucinations.
It is important to note that the psychotic depression test is often made more difficult by the person's desire to hide their symptoms.
Depression is a treatable mental illness. Perhaps the most important factor for treatment is the realization that major depression is a biological impairment that can be difficult to overcome by simple lifestyle changes. However, even the most severe cases of depression can be effectively treated with psychotherapy, medications or a combination of the two. In cases where these therapies prove ineffective, electroconvulsive therapy or other brain stimulation therapies may be effective.
Research specifically concerning psychotic depression is not as advanced as research with major non-psychotic depression. However, some research suggests that a cocktail of antidepressants and antipsychotics appears to be more effective than monotherapy with antidepressants or antipsychotics alone.
If you or a loved one struggle with depression and co-occurring substance use disorder, The Recovery Village can help. You can receive comprehensive treatment from one of our facilities located throughout the country. To learn more about treatment programs, call The Recovery Village to speak with a representative.
Chesney, E, Goodwin, GM, Fazel, S. "Risks of all‐cause and suicide mortality in mental disorders: a meta‐review." Wiley Online Library, June 2014. Accessed June 19, 2019.
Kellner CH, Knapp RG, Petrides G, et al. "Continuation Electroconvulsive Therapy vs Pharmacotherapy for Relapse Prevention in Major Depression: A Multisite Study From the Consortium for Research in Electroconvulsive Therapy (CORE)." Arch Gen Psychiatry, December 2006. Accessed June 19, 2019.
Ohayon MM1, Schatzberg AF. "Prevalence of depressive episodes with psychotic features in the general population." Am J Psychiatry, November 2002. Accessed June 19, 2019.
Østergaard SD, Bille J, Søltoft-Jensen H, et al. "The validity of the severity-psychosis hypothesis in depression." J Affect Disord, September 2012. Accessed June 19, 2019.
Ostergaard SD, Waltoft BL, Mortensen PB, et al. "Environmental and familial risk factors for psychotic and non-psychotic severe depression." Journal of Affective Disorders, May 2013. Accessed June 19, 2019.
Rothschild AJ. "Challenges in the treatment of major depressive disorder with psychotic features." Schizophr, July 2013. Accessed June 19, 2019.
Varghese D, Scott J, Welham J,et al. "Psychotic-Like Experiences in Major Depression and Anxiety Disorders: A Population-Based Survey in Young Adults." Schizophrenia Bulletin, March 2011. Accessed June 19, 2019.
Wang J, Wu X, Lai W, et al."Prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms among outpatients: a systematic review and meta-analysis." BMJ, 2017. Accessed June 19, 2019.
Wijkstra J, Lijmer J, Burger H, et al. "Pharmacological treatment for psychotic depression. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews." November 2013. Accessed June 19, 2019.
Social Media and Depression
Depression Triggers
Depression Statistics
Depression Myths
Depression in Children
Why Depression Screening Matters
What Does Depression Feel Like?
Is Depression Genetic?
Is Depression a Disability?
How Long Does it Take for Antidepressants to Work?
Depression News
Ketamine For Depression
Yale Study Shows Promise for Depression Treatment Combo Drug
Robin Williams' Struggles Examined in New Documentary
Anthony Bourdain's Battle With Depression


As always, it is when you step out of the capital, that a country reveals itself. Same with Jamaica.
We were 42 on the mini van from Kingston to Ocho Rios. That minivan by law should carry 12 people. But law here is something that adapts to yourself and to your needs.
The travel to Ocho Rios, in the North of Jamaica, has been a travel itself. People talking all the time, laughing, chatting, screaming, all this on a super mini van with super loud music in it. And me. In the middle of all of them. At the beginning people look at you as as weird animal, wondering what the hell I am doing in there. But after a while they get used to my presence and they almost ignore me. It is when I don't expect it that a man from the sit ahead, turns and asks if all is good with me. At that point, I understand this is how I am gonna meet the real Jamaica, right in that tiny village of the North where I am heading.
And I was not wrong. Kemar, a couchsurfer with whom I had been in contact earlier this month, came to pick me up and brought me up the mountains surrounding Ocho Rios, to a little village called Three Hills, where a small community lives in a kind of little village, far away from the mess of downtown.
Together with him I explored the local world around. Ocho Rios is famous for one touristic waterfall up in the forest, the Dunn's River Falls, where tourists pay to enter and walk on it. Not everybody knows that that forest is full of waterfalls like that, and they are free and it is where Jamaican people go to spend the hottest hours of the torrid days of late March.
The temperature outside is about 35 degrees, until you enter that jungle and suddenly the atmosphere becomes fresher and more joyful. The entire jungle around seems to be filled with waterfalls, till the ocean. They form or get formed by white watery rivers that transform the green majestic forests into something too beautiful and peaceful to be described.. These fairy tale, untouched forests are literally populated by locals and non that come here to do the weirdest adventure tours of Jamaica. The waterfall where we decided to sit by was the waterfalls where some crazy guys use to climb the waters down with a rope.
The thing is not crazy enough till you discover these guys actually run tours where they bring tourists to do that. And people do it. And not only. When you discover these crazy guys can actually walk down and even up the waterfall, like some sort of spider water men without rope you are completely blowed away by their ability. Thy must have done it so many times since they were young, that it seems their feet are completely used to it and don't feel the slippery surfaces anymore.
Beside that, the little lake just under one of the waterfalls is full of those little tiny fish used everywhere for fish saunas. And it comes for free. You can sit there and stare at all the human and natural landscape that slides in front of your eyes, in the middle of an ancient forest of Jamaica, populated by its noisy music people, and just enjoy all that beauty for free.
Ocho Rios is a very small port town with good vibes. People seem a bit more relaxed than in Kingston, said that it is also true that the company of a Rastafarian makes thing easier in town. People have a lot of respect for Rastafarians, here in Jamaica. When they see them in the street they love to call them out loud: "Hey, Rastafarian!", and often if they pass by next to them they like to greet them and shake their hand. Rastafarian people are a sort of other social category that here in Jamaica is seen with a good eye in the society.
Meeting the locals: my favourite part of every travel across the world!
The society here is not South American, as in their neighborough Cuba. Here the society, the world surround you is hotter, it is Caribbean's, it is in a constant explosion of colors and vibes, like the Nature surrounding it. And it is African as well. Africa is their min influence, even if they often don't like to admit it. This reminds me of a sentence by Pete Tosh that nowhere like here seems so accurate to mention: "It doesn't matter where you come from. As long as you are black, then you come from Africa". Indeed. Here, in Jamaica, you feel the truth of these words. They say this country is dangerous and violent, but because is seen from our point of you, the point of view of the whites, living in our comfort, and once again, judging something we don't know anything about it.
This trip across Jamaica is tough, physically and mentally. Everyday there is a myriads of little pieces to be seen to have a general, fair idea of this country. This leaves you mentally tired sometimes, to be careful, to understand the language, the communication, the gestures, to find a safe way though the people, the see the safe way, to listen to the sound of those people in the mess of noises they are able to produce, and also to start trusting them, something not easy to do around here but that opens up a new world if done with the right people. Jamaica is like this. It needs to be given time to be understood and then loved. It needs not be judged but to be learned and heard.
You need to get into its rythm and once in , you won't be able to leave it anymore.


Black Cat! A former lover of Spider-Man, Felicia Hardy is a fun loving and attractive cat burglar who loves to tease. She is designed lazing on an exquisite green marble feline statue adorned with sparkling jewels and gems - a cat on a cat! Perfect companion piece to our Spider-man statue!
Aleksei underwent a life-threatening series of chemical and radiation treatments to transform him after several months into the superhumanly strong agent for a collective of professional spies, Rhino. The Rhino is regular villain coming up against Spider-Man.
At nineteen, Rand requested and earned an opportunity to win the power of the Iron Fist by confronting Shou-Lao the Undying, whose power resided within a flaming brazier. Rand slew Shou-Lao, a feat no other warrior had ever accomplished, and plunged his hands into the brazier, imbuing himself with the mystic energy of the Iron Fist.


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Army Senior Leader statement regarding the DoD Annual Suicide Report Calendar Year 2020
By U.S. Army Public AffairsSeptember 30, 2021
Suicide remains a significant challenge for our Army. The Department of Defense's Annual Suicide Report for the calendar year 2020 shows the Army has experienced an upward trend in the number of suicides annually over the last five years.
We have a special obligation to make sure we are taking care of our people. Leaders at every level of the Army are committed to identifying approaches that support suicide prevention. While there is no clear understanding of what is causing the increase in suicides, we realize we have to do better in preventing suicide and ensure resources are available and readily accessible. We want our Soldiers to know that getting help is a sign of strength, not weakness. The Army's goal is to make it as easy as possible for Soldiers to get the help they need.
One suicide is too many. Our priority is to do all that we can to build and maintain strong, resilient, and cohesive teams. We need and expect our leaders, who are dedicated to the force and health of our Soldiers, to create an environment where Soldiers are provided the time and space to take advantage of the resources and programs available.
Christine E. Wormuth
Secretary of the Army
James C. McConville
General, Chief of Staff of the Army
November 18, 2022Army releases results of FY 2022 Audit
October 20, 2022Army suicides rates increased in 2021, decreasing in 2022
September 1, 2022U.S. Army announces results of 2022 annual housing tenant satisfaction survey
May 3, 2022Annual Worldwide Inspector General Conference
May 2, 2022Lt. Gen. Donna W. Martin receives Courage Award at White House Correspondents' Weekend Garden Brunch
March 18, 2022U.S. Army STAND-TO! | U.S. Army March to Service Campaign
December 9, 2020Army Leaders and Committee Members Brief Reporters on Findings and Recommendations of the Fort Hood Independent Review Committee

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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What is OSDD
How OSDD works
Join OSDD
R & D Strategy
TB Portfolio
Malaria Portfolio
OSDD Chemistry
Open Access Repositories
Computational Resources
Open Screening Facility
Crowd Sourcing Activities
Press Releases/Kits
OSDD in News
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Research & Development >
Connect to Decode Phase 1
OSDD Open Class Room
OSDD-VP Short YouTube Contest
Modeled after the open-source software community like Linux and the success of open source projects like WWW and Human Genome Project, OSDD synergize the concepts of crowd sourcing and social networking methods for drug discovery. Towards this, OSDD has successfully brought together students, scientists, researchers, academicians, institutions, and corporations across the globe committed to the discovery of novel drugs for neglected tropical diseases on a single platform. Currently OSDD community comprises over 7900 participants from more than 130 countries. OSDD has thus created a new paradigm for distributed co-creation through crowd sourcing and the application of social media for research. OSDD has been organizing a number of crowd-sourcing activities from time to time, involving large scale community participation.
Subpages (4): Connect to Decode Phase 1 Connect to Decode Phase 2 OSDD Open Class Room OSDD-VP Short YouTube Contest


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Q: Updating multiple variables with case statement I have two variables in my_table: updated and status. Each row has a unique id. For a given id='abc123', if the value of 'status' is 'AAA', I want to change status to 'BBB' and 'updated' to NOW(), and leave it unchanged otherwise.
I have an erroneous code:
UPDATE my_table set status=(CASE when status='AAA' THEN 'BBB'),
SET updated=(CASE when status='AAA' THEN NOW()) where id='abc123';

How do I achieve what I want to do?

A: Your syntax is only slightly off, and there is nothing wrong with assigning a column to a CASE expression in an UPDATE statement.
UPDATE my_table
SET
    status = CASE WHEN status = 'AAA' THEN 'BBB' ELSE status END,
    updated = CASE WHEN status = 'AAA' THEN NOW() ELSE updated END
WHERE id = 'abc123';

I added ELSE logic to your CASE expressions which default to not changing the value should the criteria fail.  You may remove them, but then non matches would receive NULL values, perhaps not what you intended.

A: This would also work.
UPDATE MY_TABLE
    SET STATUS = 'BBB',UPDATED =NOW()
    WHERE ID = 'ABC123' AND STATUS = 'AAA'

Thanks.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The UAE outfit have secured a major coup by roping in the Swede.
Marcus Berg has joined Al Ain FC from Pananthinaikos, the United Arab Emirates club announced on Wednesday.
The 30-year-old has signed a two-year deal with the Arabian Gulf League (AGL) giants.
The Sweden international is set to play alongside Omar Abdulrahman, Yousef Ahmed and recent signing Tsukasa Shiotani.
Berg has proven to be a prolific striker during his time with Greek side Pananthinaikos. He's scored 73 goals in 116 league appearances since signing from Bundesliga outfit Hamburg in 2013.
The forward finished last season as the league's top scorer and Al Ain will be hoping that he can solve their lack of goal-scoring prowess.
With AGL rivals and reigning champions Al Jazira signing UAE hitman Ahmed Khalil from Al Ahli to partner top scorer Ali Mabkhout up front next season, Berg's arrival comes as a worthy response to the challenge from the capital side.


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The Sarno Road site is what's known as a "Class III" landfill, and does not take conventional household garbage.
In addition to construction and demolition debris from south Brevard, that landfill receives yard waste, tires and metals, and now is permitted to be at the maximum height possible.
More:Officials: Remove Christmas lights, decorations from trees before hauling them to curb
More:America Recycles Day plea: Keep plastic bags, garbage out of Brevard recycling bins
Commissioners have several options to consider, including:
Using a site the county owns in western unincorporated Brevard, just north of U.S. 192 near the Osceola County line, for disposal of construction and demolition debris.
Using part of the county's other major landfill — the central disposal facility off Adamson Road, just west of Cocoa — for the construction and demolition debris now disposed of at the Sarno Road site. The Cocoa-area landfill is a "Class I" landfill that does accept household garbage.
Buying land north of the Sarno Road landfill in Melbourne that now is used as a privately owned landfill by Florida Recyclers to enable the county to expand the footprint of its existing Sarno Road landfill.
Whatever direction the County Commission goes, "it's extremely crucial" for the board to make a decision soon, according to Brevard County Solid Waste Management Director Euripides Rodriguez.
That's because current projections indicate that the Sarno Road landfill will run out of space in January 2023. Rodriguez said it would take about two years for the county to take the steps needed to move forward with either the U.S. 192 or Sarno Road expansion options.
"We're pretty much out of time" to make a decision, Rodriguez said Monday.
Commissioners had their last major discussion on this issue in October 2019.
2,800 Brevard COVID-19 vaccination appointments filled in 22 minutes Fired DOH scientist Rebekah Jones arrested on felony computer charge, state sought computer ban These 9 Space Coast restaurant were our best-reviewed in 2020
At the time, some commissioners were leaning toward moving forward with a plan to open a new landfill for construction and demolition debris on a site the county owns off U.S. 192. That site has been targeted as a future site for a landfill since 1983.
The county paid $10.04 million, including legal fees, in 1991 to acquire the 2,980-acre site off U.S. 192 from the Deseret Ranches of Florida. The site is surrounded by property owned by agricultural companies.
Rodriguez says the U.S. 192 site could handle the county's landfill needs for at least 30 years as a successor to the Sarno Road landfill.
County Commission Vice Chair Kristine Zonka has been the commissioner most vocal in opposing the U.S. 192 site, which is in her commission district.
Zonka has expressed concerns about potential environmental damage to the St. Johns River area, and also has raised issues about the negative image for visitors to Brevard County driving in on U.S. 192 seeing a landfill just after they enter the county.
County Commissioner Bryan Lober said, although he is not thrilled about the U.S. 192 option, at this point, he plans to support that proposal because he does not believe there is a better option on the table.
The U.S. 192 site "is the best option we have at this point," Lober said. "There is no reasonable alternative. Given the lack of any reasonable alternative, failure to move forward with the 192 landfill would amount to a slap in the face of county taxpayers."
He noted that, under the Sarno Road alternative, the county still would have to buy the Florida Recyclers landfill property off Sarno Road, and then would have to remove and dispose of the mulch that is on the site.
Two independent appraisals that the county commissioned came up with property values of $2.7 million and $5.4 million for the Florida Recyclers property. A report commissioned by Florida Recyclers estimated the "investment value" of its property at about $8.42 million.
Additionally, the county estimates the cost of loading, hauling and disposing of the mulch now on the site at about $2.2 million. County officials say the mulch present on the site has no value to the county.
Furthermore, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection in March issued a draft consent order, citing potential issues related to the site that could open the county up to liability if it purchased the site.
Florida Recyclers has disputed the Department of Environmental Protection's findings.
If Brevard County went with the alternative of buying the privately owned Florida Recyclers landfill on Sarno Road and using that property to expand the county's Sarno Road landfill, that would give the county anywhere from three to 19 years of additional use, Rodriguez said. The time span would depend on several factors, including whether the city of Melbourne grants the landfill a height variance.
If the county used part of its landfill in Cocoa for the construction and demolition debris that now goes to the Sarno Road landfill, that would reduce the life of the Cocoa landfill site by about 10 years, Rodriguez said.
These are among the major developments during the last two years on this issue:
March 2019: The Solid Waste Management Department received an environmental resource permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for development of a Class III landfill at the U.S. 192 site.
April 2019: The County Commission directed staff to delay signing of the permit, and bring it back to the board for consideration in 90 days.
July 2019: The commission tabled the matter, pending receipt of additional information regarding the replacement of the Sarno Road landfill, including possible acquisition of the privately owned Melbourne Landfill from Florida Recyclers.
October 2019: Additional information was provided to the commission. However, the information was considered insufficient to formulate a decision on the Sarno Road landfill and the proposed U.S. 192 landfill.
At Tuesday evening's meeting, the county's Solid Waste Management Department will seek County Commission direction on whether to sign the environmental resource permit that would allow the U.S. 192 landfill proposal to move forward.
If the County Commission does not reach a decision on Tuesday, commissioners plan to hold a workshop on Jan. 21 on the issue.
Dave Berman is government editor at FLORIDA TODAY.
Contact Berman at 321-242-3649 or dberman@floridatoday.com. Twitter: @bydaveberman
If stories like this are important to you, please consider subscribing to FLORIDA TODAY. To subscribe: https://cm.floridatoday.com/specialoffer/


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It Must Be Schwing - the Blue Note Story
"A unique and intimate look at the most exciting era in jazz, one that changed the world forever... impressive!" -Rolling Stone
In 1939, Alfred Lion and Francis Wolff, two young Jewish émigrés from Berlin, founded the legendary jazz label Blue Note Records in New York. The label dedicated itself exclusively to the recording of American jazz music and developed its own unmistakeable recording style and sound. Blue Note Records discovered and produced an impressive roster of international jazz stars. This included Miles Davis, Herbie Hancock and John Coltrane. At a time when Afro-American musicians in the USA were discriminated against and ostracised, Blue Note records respected them as artists and equals. Not only did the label value their talents, it also gave them a much-needed platform.
It Must Schwing! tells the moving story of two friends united by a passionate love for jazz and their profound belief in equality and freedom for every single human being.
115 mins Mins
Eric Friedler
English, German (English subtitles)


Another method is to click on "Submit" and then choose e.g. "arXiv", there will be an option to download a .zip with the .bbl included. Once you click the button, it should show a "Please wait" message and take a while to build the zip.... Overleaf is an online LaTeX and Rich Text collaborative writing and publishing tool. Only you see your writing project unless you share the project. Typically, for a thesis, only you are writing, so the collaborative part is not as applicable.
At 10:10 am on Wednesday, May 3rd, I will go to your Overleaf link and download a pdf of your paper; I will consider this to be "your paper" though you are expected to submit a hard copy of your paper as well.
Another method is to click on "Submit" and then choose e.g. "arXiv", there will be an option to download a .zip with the .bbl included. Once you click the button, it should show a "Please wait" message and take a while to build the zip.
overleaf download Overleaf includes a history of all of your changes so you can see exactly who changed what, and when. This makes it extremely easy to keep up to date with any progress made by your collaborators and allows you to review recent work.
This page describes LATEX and the LATEX3 project, and contains pointers to other L A TEX resources, such as the user guides, the TEX Frequently Asked Questions, and the L A TEX bugs database.


Those who can relocate are lucky. There are many who can't, kids in school, mortgages underwater, too old, etc. The political climate in VT and the Northeast is so stridently anti-nuclear that it won't matter if the plant is cooperatively owned and operated. The politicians will still come after it to appease their "progressive" (really regressive) base. In VY, it will take the form of denying a COPG, and also targeted taxation. In this case, more than any other, it is clear that "the power to tax is the power to destroy." I'd be willing to go in on a buyout if offered, but the barriers to entry for a cooperative venture are just really, really difficult.
Not enough is being done to keep nuclear plants operating. However, there is a new information/publicity initiative, and Rod reports on it today in his blog.


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In addition, when we first started in 2010, we were featured on two radio segments for Girl Talk Texas with Jackie Robb. Although we have evolved since then the passion we have for MoCAA has not changed and our moms enthusiasm has only grown!


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Posts tagged 'Ender's Game' »
Ender's Game Prop Auction to Begin March 9, 2015
Register for the Ender's Game prop auction and bid on a piece of sci-fi movie history!
Desks, Ender's Game, Ender's Game Costumes, Ender's Game Movie, Flash Suits, International Fleet, Prop Auction, PropStore.com
VIDEO: Gavin Hood Talks Ender's Game for Blu-ray Release
Gavin Hood spoke with The Movie Interview about Blu-ray release and sadly dashes our hopes for a director's cut of Ender's Game.
Director: Gavin Hood, DVD/Blu-ray, Interviews, Videos
DVD/Blu-ray, Ender's Game, Ender's Game Movie, Gavin Hood, Video
VIDEO: Behind-the-Scenes Teaser for 'Ender's Game' DVD
Watch a quick behind-the-scenes teaser for the Ender's Game DVD, which hits stores on February 11, 2014.
DVD/Blu-ray, Videos
Behind the Scenes, DVD/Blu-ray, Ender's Game, instagram, Videos
Bob Orci Talks 'Ender' Sequels with Crave Online
While the fate of any Ender sequels is still up in the air, Crave Online spoke with Ender's Game producer Roberto Orci and discussed possible sequels.
Movie News, Producer: Roberto Orci
Bob Orci, Crave Online, Ender's Game, Roberto Orci
'Ender's Game' DVD Release Date Set for February 11, 2014
Summit has announced that Ender's Game will be released on DVD and Blu-ray combo pack on February 11, 2014.
DVD Release, DVD/Blu-ray, Ender's Game, Ender's Game Movie, IGN
Steve Jablonsky on 'Ender's Game' Score and a Bizarre "Alternate" Ending
Read EnderWiggin.net's interview with Ender's Game composer Steve Jablonsky.
Composer Steve Jablonsky, EnderWiggin.net Exclusives
Ender's Game, Ender's Game Movie, Ender's Game Score, Steve Jablonsky
Ender's Game and Drone Warfare
'Ender's Game and Philosophy" editor explains the psychology of remote-controlled war
Magazines, Reviews
drone warfare, Ender's Game, slate
MIT Students Celebrate Ender's Game Movie Release
Students transform MIT into Battle School, complete with Dragon army.
Fan Art, Fun Stuff
Battle School, Ender's Game, Ender's Game Alive, fan activity, MIT
Asa Butterfield On Choosing Movie Roles
Asa talks to Metro about the internet, audiences, and Glengarry Glen Ross.
Asa Butterfield, Interviews
Acting, Asa Butterfield, Ender's Game, Glengarry Glen Ross, Metro
VIDEO: Light Iron Traces Post Production of Ender's Game
Company explains digitalization and color management processes.
Behind the Scenes, Production
Digital Domain, Ender's Game, Light Iron, post production
Ender's Game Total Moves to $53M Worldwide
The box office totals for Ender's Game moves to $53M.
Box Office, Ender's Game, Ender's Game Movie
'Ender's Game' Score to be Pressed for Vinyl Record
The Ender's Game score, which was composed by Steve Jablonsky and released by Varese Sarabande, will be pressed for vinyl.
Soundtrack/Score
Ender's Game, Ender's Game Movie, Score, Soundtrack, Steve Jablonsky, Varese Sarabande, Vinyl
Lionsgate to Wait 1-2 Weeks Before Determining Fate of 'Ender's Game' Franchise
Lionsgate CEO Jon Feltheimer says they will wait "another week or two" before deciding whether they will make a sequel to 'Ender's Game'.
Ender's Game, Ender's Game Movie, Jon Feltheimer, Lionsgate, Sequel, TV Show


text:
by John Horgan
Written by a former Greek slave, in the late to mid-6th century BCE, Aesop's Fables are the world's best known collection of morality tales. The fables, numbering 725, were originally told from person-to-person as much for entertainment purposes but largely as a means for relaying or teaching a moral or lesson. These early stories are essentially allegorical myths often portraying animals or insects e.g. foxes, grasshoppers, frogs, cats, dogs, ants, crabs, stags, and monkeys representing humans engaged in human-like situations (a belief known as animism). Ultimately the fables represent one of the oldest characteristics of human life: storytelling.
by wikipedia user: Shakko (CC BY-SA)
The origins of the fables pre-date the Greeks. Sumerian proverbs, written some 1,500 years before Christ, share similar characteristics and structure as the later Greek fables. The Sumerian proverbs included an animal character and often contained some practical piece of advice for living ("You should not boast; then your words will be trusted"). The writing style of both the earlier proverbs and the later fables were simple and direct. Neither contains many words. The situations re-counted in the stories begin with some type of incident and conclude with a punch line which would transform into the oft-recognized moral of the tale. It is much later that writers would begin to include the moral either at the beginning of the story (designed to tell the reader the purpose of the tale upfront) or was added to the end (to instruct the reader what the story was supposed to teach). Ultimately, the fables are designed to highlight both desired and undesirable human behaviors: what to do or what not to do.
Fables are designed to highlight both desired and undesirable human behaviors: what to do or what not to do.
The fables, written down in Greek between the 10th-16th centuries CE, may not be recorded in the exact words as when they were first told. Over time, and largely due to the numerous times the stories were re-told, words may have been changed or eliminated in order to fit the storyteller's purpose. Despite these changes, one characteristic that most of the fables share is the role of animals in the stories. The animals display human-like qualities, especially the characteristics of speech and behavior. In effect, the stories are designed to mimic human life. Most of the stories/fables are meant to highlight bad or poor human decisions and behaviors. In order to allow the animals to appear in multiple tales and roles, Aesop did not restrict the animals to behaving in a manner generally associated with that particular animal e.g. the cunning fox, the slow turtle. These looser characterizations allow for the animals to appear in other settings acting in different manners.
Often the focus of Greek learning, especially regarding instruction for children in reading and writing, Aesop's Fables served a multitude of additional purposes. Politically, the fables emerged in a time period of Greek history when authoritarian rule often made free & open speech dangerous for the speaker. The fables served as a means by which criticisms against the government could be expressed without fear of punishment. In effect, the stories served as a code by which the weak and powerless could speak out against the strong and powerful.
The subversive nature of the tales allowed the lower classes in Greek society a means of escape from a society.
Additionally, the stories served to remind the weak that being clever could provide a means by which they could succeed against the powerful. The subversive nature of the tales allowed the lower classes in Greek society a means of escape from a society which was often oriented around the idea that "might makes right." The fables were also considered as a valuable tool in speeches especially as a means to persuade others about a specific point. Aristotle, in his Rhetoric, argued that in the absence of any concrete evidence for proving one's point that a fable could just as well support one's argument.
The fables served as a form of children's' entertainment beyond being a simple teaching tool. The fables transmitted important life lessons while also describing the "world of childhood." The primary characters often acted in a child-like manner. The stories described the challenges of adulthood thus allowing young readers to engage with the characters and morals of adulthood at an early age.
The stories also provided an opportunity for a measure of self-reflection. At those moments when Greeks suspected their culture or civilization was not living up to expectations, the fables provided an opportunity for a degree of self-reflection. Although humans and animals share similar traits, humans are different due to their power of reason which allows humans to make different choices about life and living.
Examples of Aesop's Fables
The Serpent & the Eagle
An Eagle swooped down upon a Serpent and seized it in his talons with the intention of carrying it off and devouring it. But the Serpent was too quick for him and had its coils round him in a moment; and then there ensued a life-and-death struggle between the two. A countryman, who was a witness of the encounter, came to the assistance of the eagle, and succeeded in freeing him from the Serpent and enabling him to escape. In revenge, the Serpent spat some of his poison into the man's drinking-horn. Heated with his exertions, the man was about to slake his thirst with a draught from the horn, when the Eagle knocked it out of his hand, and spilled its contents upon the ground.
Moral: One good turn deserves another.
The Horse & Groom
A groom used to spend whole days in currycombing and rubbing down his Horse, but at the same time stole his oats and sold them for his own profit. "Alas!" said the Horse, "if you really wish me to be in good condition, you should groom me less, and feed me more."
Moral: A man may smile yet be a villain
The Ant & the Grasshopper
In a field one summer's day a Grasshopper was hopping about, chirping and singing to its heart's content. An Ant passed by, bearing along with great toil an ear of corn he was taking to the nest.
"Why not come and chat with me," said the Grasshopper, "instead of toiling and moiling in that way?"
"I am helping to lay up food for the winter," said the Ant, "and recommend you to do the same."
"Why bother about winter?" said the Grasshopper; we have got plenty of food at present." But the Ant went on its way and continued its toil. When the winter came the Grasshopper had no food and found itself dying of hunger, while it saw the ants distributing every day corn and grain from the stores they had collected in the summer. Then the Grasshopper knew.
Moral: It is best to prepare for the days of necessity.
Bibliography Related Content Books Cite This Work License
Aesop's Fables: Stories to Live By [TED-Ed lesson]
Aesop's Fables (online collection)
Who Wrote Aesop's Fables?
Claton, E. (ed). Aesop's Fables. (Barnes & Noble, New York, 2012)
Clayton, E, "Aesop, Aristotle, and Animals: The Role of Fables in Human Life," Humanitas Nos. 1 and 2, Vol. XXI, 2008: 179-2008.
Daly, L.W. (ed). Aesop Without Morals. (A.S. Barnes & Co., Inc., New York, 1961)
Eliot, C. Folk-Lore and Fable. (Grolier Enterprises Corp., Danbury (CT), 1909)
Lerer, S. Children's Literature: A Reader's History from Aesop to Harry Potter. (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2008)
Perry, B.E. Studies in the Text History Of the Life and Fables Of Aesop. (Oxford University Press, New York, 1981)
We want people all over the world to learn about history. Help us and translate this article into another language!
John Horgan
Currently an Assistant Professor of History at Concordia University-Wisconsin in the United States. His on-going reading and research interests include plagues & diseases and food in world history .
Aesop (c. 620-564 BCE) was an Ancient Greek fabulist or story teller...
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Horgan, J. (2014, March 08). Aesop's Fables. Ancient History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.ancient.eu/article/664/
Horgan, John. "Aesop's Fables." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Last modified March 08, 2014. https://www.ancient.eu/article/664/.
Horgan, John. "Aesop's Fables." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 08 Mar 2014. Web. 20 Jan 2020.
Submitted by John Horgan, published on 08 March 2014 under the following license: CC BY-NC-SA. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms.


text:
Orgreave campaigners 'need same justice' as Hillsborough families, Labour says
Campaigners from the Orgreave Truth and Justice Campaign carry a banner as they arrive on College Green, London. (PA)
Orgreave families and campaigners "need the same justice" as those affected by the Hillsborough tragedy, Labour's shadow home secretary Diane Abbott has said.
Ms Abbott demanded an independent inquiry into the clashes between police and miners in 1984, saying Home Secretary Amber Rudd did not fully understand how disappointed Orgreave campaigners would be by the Government's decision.
Ms Rudd fired back in the Commons, saying the clashes at Orgreave did not warrant the same level of investigation as that which happened at Hillsborough.
Read more: Amber Rudd rejects inquiry into Orgreave clash between police and miners
Speaking during questions to the Home Office, Ms Abbott said: "I don't think the Home Secretary fully understands how disappointed and let down the Orgreave families and campaigners will be by her decision.
"A six-page letter doesn't compensate for the violence and injustice that occurred at Orgreave so many years ago.
"We know the South Yorkshire police lied about what happened at Hillsborough, yet only five years earlier the same South Yorkshire police, many of the same commanders, behaved in a very similar way at Orgreave.
"The Orgreave families and campaigners need the same justice as Hillsborough had. They need the same type of independent inquiry to establish the truth."
In response, Ms Rudd said: "The Hillsborough situation was quite different to Orgreave. Ninety-six people died.
"It was right that we had an inquiry that analysed exactly what happened on the day.
"In this situation, in Orgreave, there were no miscarriages of justice. There were no deaths. There were no convictions.
"Therefore, it doesn't merit the same level of status as a public inquiry, as was required for Hillsborough."
Labour's Christian Matheson (City of Chester) also criticised the decision, accusing the Government of leading families affected by Orgreave "up the garden path for the last two years".
"This is an astonishing and frankly shameful decision by the Government," he said.
"The Government have led those families up the garden path for the last two years.
"Does she not understand that the disinfecting light of an inquiry is the only thing that will give those communities and families the confidence that they need back in the South Yorkshire police force?"
Fellow Labour MP Dan Jarvis (Barnsley Central) added: "There will be huge concern across South Yorkshire and further afield about the decision the Home Secretary has made."
But Tory former cabinet minister Theresa Villiers backed the Government, telling MPs: "Whilst public inquiries can, in some instances, be successful, too often they cost huge amounts of money, they take many years and they don't answer the question they're asked."
Other exchanges in the Commons saw Labour veteran Dennis Skinner (Bolsover) suggest Labour MPs had previously had assurances from former home secretary Theresa May that an inquiry would be set up into Orgreave.
Tory Alec Shelbrooke (Elmet and Rothwell) called for South Yorkshire and West Yorkshire police forces to be merged, given the damaged reputation of the South Yorkshire name, while fellow Tory Sir Edward Leigh (Gainsborough) said Ms Rudd should consider setting up a select committee inquiry into what happened.
Yvette Cooper, chairwoman of the Home Affairs Select Committee, urged Mrs Rudd to reconsider her decision.
She told MPs in the Commons that 95 miners faced the injustice of being charged, while some "went through very difficult trials based on charges and evidence that later collapsed".
She added: "Given her predecessor's record of a whole series of inquiries and reviews in cases where injustice was suspected, would she think again about her decision today?"
In a statement, Bassetlaw's Labour MP John Mann said: "Amber Rudd has made the wrong decision today and has chosen to look after the senior leadership of South Yorkshire Police rather than the miners who were badly beaten.
"The people affected by the events on that day should have been given a chance to put their side of the story and ask the questions why the police behaved in the way that they did.
"The Home Secretary has missed a chance to stand up for the people who were let down by South Yorkshire Police. For many years I've called for the senior leadership of South Yorkshire Police to answer for the way they behaved during the 1980s and this is another area that must not be whitewashed away."
Sheffield Hallam MP and Liberal Democrat former deputy prime minister Nick Clegg said: "The time is right to get to the bottom of what happened at Orgreave on 18 June 1984. The verdict on Hillsborough earlier this year brought about new questions about the personalities and culture of South Yorkshire Police during that era.
"These questions are contributing to undermining public trust in the South Yorkshire Police and are getting in the way of hard-working police officers serving my constituents to their best ability. Amber Rudd is wrong to not allow those questions to be answered."
South Yorkshire MPs John Healey and Kevin Barron said in a joint statement: "This shock decision by the Government not to go ahead with a statutory inquiry or an independent review into Orgreave is a betrayal of the families that have campaigned so long for justice.
"It is an early stain on Theresa May's premiership and a shameful abdication of responsibility by the Home Secretary, Amber Rudd. Former miners, their families and communities have waited decades for the truth, and they will be deeply disappointed by today's announcement."
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bonus skills: Basic HTML/CSS knowledge, Photo editing (Photoshop).
English – advanced/fluent (both writing and speaking).
knowledge of Delphi is also a good plus.
уровень владения английским — Upper Intermediate.
you get high from your work.


OpenOffice.org 3.0 DEV300_m10 (which is still not a beta) is out featuring the Galaxy icon set in development since 2006.
Galaxy is the automatic default on Windows but not on my Linux system. You may have to switch from Automatic to Default (see below). Also, Galaxy can be installed manually in older versions such as OpenOffice.org 2.4, but Galaxy may not work as well in older OpenOffice.org versions.
Thanks to Dave for the tip on this story.
If you prefer a different look, just change it. The other icon sets are Tango, Industrial, and Crystal, and high contrast.
Change Icon size and style.
I am not as impressed with these icons as I thought I would be, I must admit. They look acceptable at small size and look terrible at large size.
Personally, I am looking forward to seeing what IBM does with Lotus Symphony. But unfortunately, Symphony is way too slow to be usable at this point and lacks many features that OOo already has.
Thanks for the screenshots. For me, the Galaxy icon set is a long-awaited improvement to the look of OOo!
I hope the new icon set will be default on Linux too. I hate that the ugly application icons (in "File > New", which are the same in the Windows start menu) change when switching to another icon set (Industrial etc.).
The iWorks UI is even better than the Office one, which I personaly like. OOo really needs a new UI.
Openoffice 3.0 is compatible with Ubuntu 8.04?
I've tried to install DEV300_m10 and DEV300_m9 but it didnt works.
Leonardo Bernardes: Do you get an error? What is the error? Have you tried BEA300_m1 which is the latest. It should work. I am glad to help here, but you may also want to ask on www.OOoForum.org or user.services.openoffice.org .


If you think the waffle iron is only for breakfast, you're missing out. From dog treats to chicken dinners, your waffle iron may be the most underutilized appliance in the kitchen.
Here are some fun ways to incorporate your waffle iron and make some delicious and energy boosting snacks. I've also included a couple of hacks to keep your waffle iron in tip-top shape to be used year round. Happy Eating!
Hack #1: Waffle iron full of crumbs and a sticky mess? Problem solved! Just turn on your waffle iron and leave the top-side open. Dampen 8 paper towels and stack on top of each other. Place damp towels in waffle iron and close lid. The steam will loosen the crumbs and stuck on mess. Open after 1 minute and brush out any remaining crumbs.
Hack #2: Short on time to make breakfast for the kiddos before they are off to school? Just heat your waffle iron and toss in some frozen tater tots and close the lid. The tots will turn into hash browns and you can serve them up with a hard boiled egg and some cut up fruit. Complete breakfast in just 3 minutes!
Heat your waffle iron and brush both sides with olive oil once heated.
Lay the dough over the middle and spread out till the edges.
Bake the dough for 5-7 minutes or until light golden brown.
Remove from the waffle iron and smooth cream cheese over the dough.
Top with cinnamon, salt, and remaining fruit. Serve.


For small and upstart online casino sites, an affiliate program membership is a great way to generate additional revenues that could prove to be very beneficial in growing the business. The E-Play 24 Affiliate Program is a great example of how a software provider can help its clients help one another grow their respective business.
First, it should be noted that E-Play 24 is a small affiliate program that currently supports only two sites, Casino Plex and Pokerplex24. Both sites have the same ownership and operate on the wildly popular Playtech iGaming software platform. E-Play 24 is located in the iGaming Mecca of Malta where they operate under a iGaming license issued by the UK Gambling Commission.
One of the reasons the program might be struggling to secure membership might have to do with its relatively low commission rates. They are currently offering affiliates 25%-40% commissions on a graduated scale based on the revenues generated by the referrals a company pushes through. Furthermore, the "cost per addition" fee of €65 - €125 seems a bit low by industry standard. Commissions will be paid on all referrals for as long as the referred player maintains active status with the receiving online casino site. Another issue that might be creating problems is the size of the company, which gives it limited access to online casino operators.
At this point in time, both Casino Plex and PokerPlex24 are using different formulas to calculate the commissions they are willing to pay. This offers a clear indication that there are certain benefits derived from using smaller affiliate programs. The ability to customize specific commission or revenue sharing plans could prove to very useful to members that looking for custom solutions.
For online casino websites that wish to take advantage of being able to refer customers to PokerPlex24 and Casino Plex, the only two requirements are ownership of a website that has the ability to integrate third-party advertising and filling out the requisite application. After approval, E-Play 24 has the software technology to track activity on a real time basis, subsequently issuing commission payments via Skrill or bank wire.
E-Play 24 also maintain a database of advertising and marketing material that can be integrated with a casino operator's site when they are ready to start making extra money. While the program may be quite small by today's standard, the promise lies within. Through the program's affiliation with Playtech, the hope would be that Playtech will give it access to customer sites that might be in the market for another affiliate program.


text:
Establishing effective partnerships for humanitarian research and practice
Date 17 Apr 2012
Hero image description: Middle East humanitarian research and practice partnerships Image credit:Mats Lignell Image license:ODI given rights
The Hon. Nicola Dahrendorf - Research Fellow at the Centre for the International Politics of Conflict, Human Rights and Justice, SOAS and member of the Senior Advisory Board to the HERR.
Dr Roger Few - School of International Development, University of East Anglia
Frances Hill - Research Partnerships Manager, Enhancing Learning and Research for Humanitarian Assistance (ELRHA)
Dr Joanna Macrae - Head of Profession and Senior Research Adviser, Humanitarian, DFID
Simon Maxwell, CBE - Chair Climate Development Knowledge Network and member of Senior Advisory Board to the HERR
Last year the Humanitarian Emergency Response Review (HERR) called for humanitarian action to be underpinned by evidence and highlighted the need for more systematic and rigorous applied research. However, in order to build this body of evidence and ensure that practitioners can access and apply it, humanitarians and academics need to work in partnership.
But what are the key ingredients to an effective partnership between humanitarians and academics? What are the pitfalls and at what stage does it make sense to introduce certain activities or actors?
ELRHA (Enhancing Learning and Research for Humanitarian Assistance) commissioned a study last year to answer this question. In addition to identifying the obstacles to partnership and how these can be overcome, the study report highlights a number of examples where effective partnerships between academics and practitioners have yielded results which have had a direct positive impact on vulnerable communities. The report has also been translated into an "Online Guide to Effective Partnerships" with an Android Application for use in poor coverage areas.
This event, hosted by the Humanitarian Practice Network at ODI, launches ELRHA's study report "Effective academic-humanitarian collaboration: A practical resource to support academic and humanitarian organisations working together". There will be a panel discussion around the value of partnerships, a presentation from one of the case studies and a demonstration of how to use the Online Guide.


This chemical element, atomic no. 42, r.a.m. 95.94, is a hard white transition metal resembling iron. More common compounds include molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) and molybdic acid (H2MoO4). It occurs naturally as molybdenite, MoS2. Without doubt it is the most important element ever, and without it's presence the world would end and we would be no more.
An important and interesting feature of Molybdenum is that it occurs in many living organisms.
Another interesting fact is that it is the element containing the highest number of consonants together1 : ie 4. However, Knightsbridge contains 6, and amblyrhynchus has 10, but these are not generally considered to be elements.
1. Except for several others which also have a collection of four consonants, such as Yttrium, and Tungsten, and of course Krypton which has five. Yes alright, we cocked it up. (again).


text:
Browse: Home » 2014 » October » 31 » THAT WITNESS STATEMENT I SIGNED: IT'S JUST NOT TRUE
THAT WITNESS STATEMENT I SIGNED: IT'S JUST NOT TRUE
October 31, 2014 · by gexall · in Civil evidence, Civil Procedure, Witness statements
There is an interesting discussion of witness evidence in the judgment of Mr Justice Eder in Austen -v- Pearl Motor Yachts Ltd [2014] EWHC 3544 (Comm). The case was opened on the basis that certain key facts in a witness statement were simply not true. This highlights the needs for solicitors to insist that statements are read carefully prior to signature.
The claimant were suing the defendant yacht manufacturer. A yacht, built by the defendant, sank having struck another yacht. The claimant alleged that that hull was not built to contractual specification. The hull was not of sufficient thickness. The defendant admitted breach but argued that the difference in thickness made no difference. The defendant argued that the collision was of such magnitude that the yacht would have sunk in any event, regardless of the thickness of the hull. Damages claimed were in excess of £500,000.
The nature of the collision and the damage it caused, therefore, were issues of key importance. In particular the size of the initial crack.
As to the suggested original length of crack of about 6 inches, this was indeed consistent with what Mr Austen said in his original written witness statement dated 14 March 2014 signed with a statement of truth. In particular, Mr Austen there stated that after sending out a mayday he went to look through the bilges to see what damage there might be. The statement continued:
"On inspection, I could see that there was a crack of about 6 inches around the port P-bracket and that water was already flowing in at a steady rate through that gap."
In the event, and somewhat surprisingly, Mr Watthey informed me on opening that what Mr Austen had there stated was not in fact true i.e. Mr Austen had not in fact seen any crack of 6 inches. On one view, this was something of a bombshell to the claimants' case – in particular, because the view expressed by Mr Humphries in his report was that this piece of information was "fundamental" to understanding how the hull laminate failed.
No doubt anticipating this development and in order to plug this apparently important gap in the claimants' evidence, the claimants' solicitors had served a few days before the commencement of the trial a draft unsigned "summary" of a witness statement from one of the divers, Mr Dikmen, which had been prepared by the claimants' solicitors following very recent telephone discussions and email exchanges with Mr Dikmen and which purported to give evidence of the size of the crack which he (Mr Dikmen) said he had observed from the outside of the hull during a dive shortly after the grounding. At the same time, the claimants' solicitors issued and served an application notice for permission to adduce such supposed "evidence" from Mr Dikmen. However, it appeared from a separate email from Mr Dikmen that he had refused to sign that draft summary statement in particular because, as he stated in the email, he could not remember the exact measurements of the crack.
I heard Mr Watthey's application to adduce this "evidence" at the beginning of the trial. As formulated, this application was, in my view, misconceived. In truth, there is no jurisdiction to allow a party simply to put in evidence an unsigned "summary". However, Mr Watthey in effect submitted that he should be permitted to put in this summary as hearsay evidence and that he would, if necessary, call either or both of the solicitors who would explain the discussions they had had with Mr Dikmen and how the summary came to be prepared. In the event, after hearing submissions from both Counsel, I rejected Mr Watthey's application for reasons which I gave in a separate ruling and which I need not repeat. The result was that, at the start of the trial, the claimants were left bereft of any direct evidence as to the size of the initial crack.
When Mr Austen gave oral evidence, he confirmed that what he had said in his signed witness statement was indeed untrue i.e. he had never gone down to look through the bilges; and that he had never seen any crack still less any water flowing through any such crack. Mr Austen recognised that this was inconsistent with what he had said in his statement and somewhat embarrassingly could give no explanation at all as to how such an untrue statement had got into his statement nor why he had signed the statement in that form – although, by way of part explanation, he then said in evidence that he thought that the diver (i.e. Mr Dikmen) had told him at the time when he came up from his dive following the grounding that he (i.e. Mr Dikmen) had seen a crack of about 6 inches. Mr Mantle did not challenge this evidence. The result is that despite Mr Austen's retraction of what he had originally said about the size of the crack in his statement and in this rather roundabout way, the (unchallenged) evidence before the Court based on hearsay as to what Mr Austen now says he was told by Mr Dikmen shortly after the grounding, is that the size of the crack was indeed about 6 inches.
However, I am very concerned about the circumstances in which this evidence came to be adduced as referred to above; and it does not lie happily with Mr Dikmen's email as referred to above. Further, the fact is that the defendant has not had any opportunity of testing the evidence of Mr Dikmen. In particular, it is not clear exactly when he saw the crack and allegedly reported its size to Mr Austen. Nor has the defendant been able to test what the diver was able to see and how easy or difficult this may have been. Standing alone, I do not consider that I can place any real weight on this hearsay evidence although I bear it well in mind.
Perhaps fortunately for the claimants this incorrect witness statement did not cause irreparable damage to their case. The judge accepted a calculation, based on flow rates of water, which showed that the initial crack must be have been small.
INSISTING THAT THE CLIENT CHECK THEIR WITNESS STATEMENTS
We do not know what happened in the Austen case and the judge appeared to accept that it was a mistake. However giving evidence that a crack had been seen when it was not indicates, at the very least, that the witness failed to check the statement carefully prior to signing. Such an error would prove to be fatal to the case of many litigants.
This highlights the need for the solicitor to insist that witness statements are checked with care prior to signature. Further the solicitor should:
Make it clear that the statement is an important legal document.
That the failure to give a full and honest account could lead to severe penalties.
That the statement will stand as evidence in chief and be verified on oath in court.
Tags: Witness statement
← SECTION 14A OF THE LIMITATION ACT: DON'T RELY ON s.14A BEING A GOOD INVESTMENT
MITCHELL: THE CASE THAT KEEPS ON GIVING: EXPERT EVIDENCE; SIMILAR FACT EVIDENCE AND THE EDITING OF WITNESS STATEMENTS →


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This guide, created by author and reading specialist Tracie Vaughn Zimmer, includes activities for pre-reading, reading, writing, discussion, and further reading.
Click the image below to download a .pdf version.
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AirAsia QZ8501 Black Box: Clues to Cause of Plane Crash to Surface in Two Days
The initial results from the analysis of the flight data recorder can be out in two days, Indonesia military chief General Moeldoko said. Jan 12, 2015
John Kerry Escapes Unhurt in Minor Accident in Gujarat
US Secretary of State John Kerry was on his way to the Ahmedabad airport for his flight back to America when he met with a minor accident. Jan 12, 2015
Kerry Does Groundwork for Obama's India Visit, Says India-US will Fight Terrorism Together
United States Secretary of State John Kerry was on a two-day visit to 7th Vibrant Gujarat Summit in Ahmedabad. Jan 12, 2015
'Why Do Muslims Hate Charlie Brown?' Sarah Palin Confuses 'Charlie Hebdo' For American Cartoon Strip is Hoax
A satirical news site had posted that former Alaska governor Sarah Palin launched tirade against Islamic militants for targeting 'Charlie Brown'. Jan 12, 2015
Centre approves pay scale revision of DASS employees, BJP welcomes while AAP- Congress alleges BJPs
New Delhi, Jan 12 (ANI): Political leaders on Monday react as the central government approved a proposal of Delhi Government to revise the pay scale of Delhi Administration Subordinate Service (DASS) employees. BJP said that the proposal was accepted in order to fulfill the promises BJP did before coming to power. Satish Upadhyay also said that this has nothing to do with the Delhi assembly polls and that opposition is free to draw speculations. Congress leader JP Agarwal alleged that the passing of the proposal comes at the time when Election Commission is to announce the dates for the Delhi polls. AAP also criticized the BJP for the same and said that this won't affect the votes. Jan 12, 2015
China Restricts Students, Businessmen Traveling from Ebola-hit West Africa
No cases of Ebola have so far been reported in China. Jan 12, 2015
India's maiden laughter festival enthralls audience in Jaipur
Jaipur, Jan 12 (ANI): In a first-of-its-kind, Jaipur played host to Laughter Festival, where members of comedy fraternity came together to enthrall audience with their performances. A two-day event, the festival recorded a huge crowd turnout in its very first edition itself. Thousands of people laughed their hearts out with the performances of standup comedy artistes like Raju Shrivastava and others. More than 80 artistes performed in the festival. Jaipur organizes an array of festivals every year including Jaipur Literature festival, International Camel Festival, Jaipur Kite Festival among many others. Jan 12, 2015
EAM Sushma Swaraj meets UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon
New Delhi, Jan 12 (ANI): External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj on Monday met United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon in capital New Delhi. Both the leaders will hold discussions on various issues. Ban Ki-Moon is on a three day visit to India which will conclude tomorrow. He was also the keynote speaker at Vibrant Gujarat Summit-2015 which began on Sunday. Jan 12, 2015
Assam gears up to welcome harvest festival of Bihu
Guwahati, Jan 12 (ANI): North-eastern state of Assam gears up to celebrate harvest festival, traditionally known in the local language as Magh Bihu or Bhogali Bihu, falling on January 15. In the run-up to the festival, which is celebrated with great fervour in the state, a non-profit organisation held an exhibition to welcome the festival. Mouthwatering delicacies like 'pitha' or pancakes and many other traditional food items, prepared by local women, were up for sale in various stalls at the exhibition. The festival of Bihu marks three distinct phases of the farming calendar for the native crop of the state-paddy. The northeastern state celebrates the festival with great zeal by singing traditional 'Bihu geets' or Bihu songs and performing group folk dances. Jan 12, 2015
Jaitley says govt taking various steps for investment
New Delhi, Jan 12 (ANI): Union Finance Minister Arun Jaitley said on Monday that the Government of India is taking various steps to invite investment in the country. He added that the govt, in a very professional manner leading upto March 31st, is going about disinvestment in more than one company. Jaitley further clarified that the names of some companies given by media for investment are only speculative. Jan 12, 2015
Arrest Warrant Issued against Couple for Stealing Money from MH370 Victims' Bank Accounts
A former bank officer and her husband reportedly stole from the bank accounts of four victims involved in the Malaysian Airlines MH370 tragedy. Jan 12, 2015
Things to do in Andamans
Abound in nature's beauty and coupled with some of the most beautiful, pristine beaches, Andamans can boast of several natural phenomenon that are a treat to every human being, whether a traveler or not. Here are a few things you can do in the Andamans Jan 12, 2015
Church in Sri Lanka's warzone awaits first papal visit
A small church nestled in the Sri Lankan jungle, seen as a beacon of harmony in a country with a dark history of conflict, is preparing for a visit from Pope Francis who will bring his own message of peace. Duration: 02:24 Jan 12, 2015
Pyongyang Fumes as US Rejects N Korea's Deal to Halt Nuclear Test
North Korea had proposed to temporarily halt conducting nuclear tests if the annual US-South Korea military exercises were stopped. Jan 12, 2015
SC Directs Centre to Implement E-Voting Rights for NRIs Within 8 Weeks
Every Indian staying abroad on Indian passport will have the right to vote in elections. Jan 12, 2015


Including a couple that Netflix revived.
Ten years ago this week, a comedy about a foul-mouthed catering crew called Party Down debuted on Starz. Thirteen months later, the network unceremoniously canceled it after just two seasons.
Having recently binged the show over the course of a particularly lazy weekend, I can't believe it got the axe so quickly. It hits its stride only a few episodes in (rare for a comedy) and received positive reviews from critics and viewers alike. The only issue is there were too few of the latter.
Got me thinking: If Party Down were around today, it would thrive, right? It's exactly the type of series the streaming giants love: modest but devoted audience, high rewatchability and a cast full of household-names-to-be (Jane Lynch, Adam Scott, Lizzy Caplan).
Consider that in 2009, Starz had 17 million subscribers, which pales in comparison to the 139 million subscribers that Netflix currently boasts. That's eight times more people that could have been algorithmically introduced to a show with one of the lowest operating budgets of its era.
These days, the near ubiquity of streaming means that any show produced and promoted by Netflix and its ilk (Amazon Prime, HBO Go, Hulu) has a chance at instant success. Netflix alone made 700 original series in 2018, and they've only recently begun to adopt the network practice of aggressively culling shows with low viewership. And we're not even at peak content yet, with both Disney and Apple planning to launch streaming services later this year.
Taking all that into account, it stands to reason that something as smart, inventive and star-studded as Party Down would have enjoyed a long, healthy run had it been born a decade later. But it wouldn't be alone: below, we celebrate the 10 best shows that streaming could have saved — including a couple that it actually did.
Why it was great: Each episode takes place at a different event the Party Down company is catering, allowing for season-long arcs to play out over a wide variety of settings, with frequent cameos from budding actors (Kevin Hart, Christopher Mintz-Plasse, Josh Gad). This format allows for the core cast (Adam Scott, Lizzy Caplan, Ken Marino, Martin Starr, Jane Lynch) to show off their comedic rapport via constant tomfoolery and site gags. Despite their incompetence, though, the characters are decidedly human: each receives just enough positive attributes and small wins to keep the viewer interested. One of the smartest and funniest shows I've ever watched.
Why it got canceled: Mainly due to low viewership. It also didn't help that after the second season they lost Jane Lynch to Glee and Adam Scott, the closest thing to a main character this ensemble cast had, to Parks & Rec.
Why it was great: No one had ever seen anything like it on TV before. Period. But it became a hit because co-creator David Lynch's surreal cinematic originality that drew in the Richard Brodys of the world was paired with time-honored serial television themes, from the whodunit murder mystery to the will-they-or-won't-they love story, which brought in those who normally tuned into Cheers. (Twin Peaks premiered on ABC in the same time slot as the NBC sitcom, and singlehandedly reduced its ratings.) Plus, who doesn't want to be Dale Cooper?
Why it got canceled: The journey from Best Drama Series at the Golden Globes to cancelation in five months is complicated. It may include ABC changing the time slot willy-nilly, creative differences between the artists and the network, and even a love triangle of sorts between Lara Flynn Boyle, Kyle MacLachlan and Sherilyn Fenn. But at its core, Twin Peaks couldn't sustain Cheers-level interest once the murder of Laura Palmer was solved in the middle of the second season. If Lynch had his way from the beginning, he never would have answered that question. Even so, the series was followed by the prequel film Twin Peaks: Fire Walk With Me and eventually a third season from Showtime in 2017.
Why it was great: A western in space created and overseen by Joss Whedon (Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Avengers), Firefly had heart, geekiness and an incredible ensemble (love you, Nathan Fillion!). It's hard to create a new universe, but Whedon seemed well on his way to making his own world(s) … and having a hell of a lot of fun doing it.
Why it got canceled: For no good reason, Fox showed the first episodes out of order, and also waited a month between showing the second and third. With no "known" characters to latch onto and an awkward starting point — why you putting western tropes in my sci-fi? — the show quickly faded. Thankfully, fandom helped deliver a really good movie follow-up called Serenity.
Why they were great: Because A) these two shows, despite their criminally short runs, mark the beginning of the Judd Apatow rocket ship really taking off: loveable underdogs struggling through life's trials and tribulations in ways that are often simultaneously hilarious and heartfelt has become Apatow's signature, and these two collections of misfits (navigating high school and collegiate life, respectively) embody that brand in a way that's arguably more pure and realistic than any of Apatow's subsequent work. And B) you can't throw a rock in the worlds of these two shows without hitting now-marquee talents in their nascent stages, both in front of the camera (James Franco, Seth Rogen, Charlie Hunnam, Jason Segel) as well as behind it (Jake Kasdan, Paul Feig, Lesli Linka Glatter, Jay Chandrasekhar).
For the complete list go to InsideHook.


text:
Nas and Rakim: The Erick Sermon Connection
by | Jul 16, 2019 | Editorial, News, Old School | 0 comments
Nas has just released the single "Jarreau of Rap (Skatt Attack)" from the highly anticipated compilation album Lost Tapes II which is set to drop next week on July 19th. The project consists of unreleased tracks recorded during the sessions of Nas's of his last four albums dating back to 2006's Hip Hop Is Dead. A track that may have very well been recorded during the Hip Hop is Dead sessions but remains a mystery is the "Unauthorized Biography of KRS-One".
Nas – Jarreau of Rap (Skatt Attack)
The track is mentioned at the end of "U.B.R (Unauthorized Biography of Rakim), serving as "the next chapter" from Nas's 2004 double album Street Disciple. Erick Sermon recently while promoting his album Vernia on The Breakfast Club revealed that the song stemmed from a conversation Nas had with him during a studio session. Check the interview at the 25:39 mark. The song caused some friction between Nas and Rakim although the initial purpose of the song was to serve as a tribute.
Nas – U.B.R (Unauthorized Biography of Rakim)
Erick Sermon – The Breakfast Club Interview
Rakim has admitted in interviews that he is a private guarded individual who took offense of his government name and his daughter's name being put out to the public. Ultimately it was resolved and Nas and Rakim went on to work together on 2007's "Classic (Better Than I've Ever Been) with KRS-One, Kanye West and produced by Dj Premier. They had appeared together on "N.Y. State of Mind Pt 3" back in 2003. A track meant for Alicia Keys 2003 album The Diary of Alicia Keys but for some reason was never officially released.
Rakim – Interview Addressing Nas Situation
DJ Premier – Classic (Better Than I've Ever Been) feat. Kanye West, Nas, KRS-One & Rakim
Alicia Keys – N.Y. State of Mind Pt 3 – feat. Nas & Rakim
Erick Sermon as a member of the duo EPMD had a more serious beef with Rakim early on in their careers as a result of a misunderstanding escalated by third parties. On Eric B. & Rakim's 1987 debut Paid in Full there was a line from the classic "Ain't No Joke" at the end of the second verse which read as "You could get a smack for this, I ain't no joke". The following year EPMD released their debut album Strictly Business which included "You're a Customer". On the second verse Parrish Smith spit the line "It's like a Diggum Snack. Smack me and I'll smack you back".
Eric B & Rakim – I Ain't No Joke
EPMD – You're a Customer
Eric B. and Rakim then proceeded to drop "Follow the Leader" with the lyrics "Stop buggin' a brother said dig him, I never dug him./ He couldn't follow the leader long enough so I drug him". The other moving piece was rumblings that EPMD was a poor man's version of Rakim., This was addressed on the lead single "So Wat Cha Sayin" from their 1989 album Unfinished Business. Lyrics read as "People round talkin' this and that/ Of how we sounded like the R, and our music was wack/ Dropped the album Strictly Business and you thought we was bold/ Thirty days later the LP went gold/ So what you sayin'". When both duos ran into each other face to face tensions were extremely high. Fortunately though the situation was able to be hashed out.
Eric B & Rakim – Follow the Leader
EPMD – So Wat Cha Sayin'
EPMD – Drink Champs
By Erick Sermon revealing he had provided Nas the information that led to the song "U.B.R (Unauthorized Biography of Rakim)" it gives the song more context and meaning. It is ironic that the track had caused tension between Nas and Rakim just like how Erick Semon had experienced with him but at a higher level. Fortunately in both cases everything was worked out. Over the last two years Rakim has reunited with Eric B and been touring heavy. On a personal tip I attended one of their shows ans met the duo asking them if another album was in the works, Rakim's words were "Will see how it goes". With back to back tours under their belt the prospects look promising. How fitting would it be to have both Nas and Erick Sermon contribute to a project if it were to come into fruition.
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Nas and Dr Dre: During the 90s Bicoastal Conflict and Beyond
Redman and Erick Sermon: About To Blow Your Mind
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LL Cool J and 50 Cent: Missed Opportunity
DJ Muggs and Wu-Tang Clan: Soul Assassin Affiliation
Teddy Riley: Producing Hip Hop Heavyweights
Nas and The Firm: Full Circle Deep Dive Part 1
Tupac and Treach: Dedication from the Heart
Eve and Dr Dre: Aftermath and Beyond
50 Cent and Mary J Blige with Method Man: Power Music Collab
MC Eiht and Snoop Dogg: War Zone Project
Health and Financial Well-Being
Health and Financial Well-Being Initiative
During these tough times it is imperative that our health and financial well-being are in a strong
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Website by Peloton Digital


1981 was the year that South Africa's national rugby team – the Springboks – accepted an invitation from the NZ Rugby Football Union to tour New Zealand to play rugby against a number of provincial sides as well as a four test series against our national team – the All Blacks. The Springbok Tour took place in the midst of an ideologically divided country and became a flashpoint for civil disruption on a scale never before witnessed in New Zealand. This book is a personal account (largely from a protester's viewpoint) of how one city, Dunedin – a South Island university town with a population of around 125,000 – responded in its opposition to the 1981 Springbok tour.


text:
SEA MONSTERS ON MEDIEVAL
Download Sea Monsters On Medieval ebook PDF or Read Online books in PDF, EPUB, and Mobi Format. Click Download or Read Online button to SEA MONSTERS ON MEDIEVAL book pdf for free now.
Sea Monsters On Medieval And Renaissance Maps
Author : Chet A. Van Duzer
Genre : Art
From dragons and serpents to many-armed beasts that preyed on ships and sailors alike, sea monsters have terrified mariners across all ages and cultures and have become the subject of many tall tales from the sea. Accounts of these creatures have also inspired cartographers and mapmakers, many of whom began decorating their maps with them to indicate unexplored areas or areas about which little was known. Whether swimming vigorously, gamboling amid the waves, attacking ships, or simply displaying themselves for our appreciation, the sea monsters that appear on medieval and Renaissance maps are fascinating and visually engaging. Yet despite their appeal, these monsters have never received the scholarly attention that they deserve. In Sea Monsters on Medieval and Renaissance Maps, Chet Van Duzer analyzes the most important examples of sea monsters on medieval and Renaissance maps produced in Europe. Van Duzer begins with the earliest mappaemundi on which these monsters appear in the tenth century and continues to the end of the sixteenth century and, along the way, sheds important light on the sources, influences, and methods of the cartographers who drew or painted them. A beautifully designed visual reference work, Sea Monsters on Medieval and Renaissance Maps will be important not only in the history of cartography, art, and zoological illustration, but also in the history of the geography of the "marvelous" and of Western conceptions of the ocean.
Monsters And Grotesques In Medieval Manuscripts
Author : Alixe Bovey
Images of monstrosities pervade art and culture in the Middle Ages, and for medieval people they must have been a tantalizing suggestion of unknown worlds and unthinkable dangers.
Things From The Sea
Author : Thea Thomani
Genre : Sea monsters
Category: Sea monsters
Martin Waldseem Ller S Carta Marina Of 1516
Author : Chet Van Duzer
This open access book presents the first detailed study of one of the most important masterpieces of Renaissance cartography, Martin Waldseemüller's Carta marina of 1516. By transcribing, translating into English, and detailing the sources of all of the descriptive texts on the map, as well as the sources of many of the images, the book makes the map available to scholars in a wholly unprecedented way. In addition, the book provides revealing insights into how Waldseemüller went about making the map -- information that can't be found in any other source. The Carta marina is the result of Waldseemüller's radical re-evaluation of what a world map should be; he essentially started from scratch when he created it, rejecting the Ptolemaic model and other sources he had used in creating his 1507 map, and added more descriptive texts and a wealth of illustrations. Given its content, the book offers an essential reference work not only on this map, but also for anyone working in sixteenth-century European cartography.
Monsters And The Monstrous In Medieval Northwest Europe
Author : Karin E. Olsen
The essays in this book examine various manifestations of monstrosity in the early literatures of England, Ireland and Scandinavia. The dates of the texts discussed range from the eighth to the thirteenth centuries and were written either in Latin or in one of the vernaculars. The present contributions shed light on the physical, mental and metaphysical qualities that characterize medieval monsters in general. How do such creatures relate to accepted physical norms? How do their behaviours deviate from established cultural practices? How can their presence in both fictional and non-fictional texts be explained either in terms of a textual tradition or as a response to actual events? Such issues are examined from literary, philological, theological, and historical points of view in order to provide a thorough, multifaceted depiction of the sub- and supernatural monsters of medieval Northwest Europe.
Mythical Thinkings What Can We Learn From Comparative Mythology
Author : Kazuo Matsumura
All Things Medieval
Author : Ruth A Johnston
Surveys the material culture of medieval Europe to reveal the nature of everyday life at the time, and discusses the era's traditions and inventions.
Maps And Monsters In Medieval England
Author : Asa Mittman
First published in 2006. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
The World For A King
Genre : Reference
Maps of the Dieppe school, commissioned for wealthy households rather than for use in navigation, often presented explorers' latest discoveries alongside fantastical creatures and allusions to myth. In 1550 cartographer Pierre Desceliers presented to France's King Henry II one such map, a work of extraordinary beauty and value showing the world as it was known at the time. This map, one of the most important of the Dieppe school, includes descriptions of French attempts to colonize Canada and the conquest of Peru by the Spanish in addition to descriptions of the legendary king Prester John in Ethiopia and a race of Amazons in Russia. The World for a King reproduces this beautiful map at real size in forty-two sections, each accompanied by detailed explanatory notes. Chet Van Duzer's fascinating text situates the map in context among Desceliers's other surviving works; analyses the map's many illustrations of people, animals and cities; discusses its curious hypothetical southern continent; and includes translations of all the long descriptive texts on the map. A removable large-scale reproduction of the entire map is included as an insert in the back of the book.
Medieval Afterlives In Contemporary Culture
Author : Gail Ashton
Genre : Literary Criticism
With contributions from 29 leading international scholars, this is the first single-volume guide to the appropriation of medieval texts in contemporary culture. Medieval Afterlives in Contemporary Culture covers a comprehensive range of media, including literature, film, TV, comics book adaptations, electronic media, performances, and commercial merchandise and tourism. Its lively chapters range from Spamalot to the RSC, Beowulf to Merlin, computer games to internet memes, opera to Young Adult fiction and contemporary poetry, and much more. Also included is a companion website aimed at general readers, academics, and students interested in the burgeoning field of Medieval afterlives, complete with: - Further reading/weblinks - 'My favourite' guides to contemporary medieval appropriations - Images and interviews - Guide to library archives and manuscript collections - Guide to heritage collection See also our website at https://medievalafterlives.wordpress.com/.
Category: Literary Criticism
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