text:
Q: Compile the kernel to increase the command line max length Following up on https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14176089/system-command-line-max-length-in-perl, which say the max length for exec/command line arguments is controlled by ARG_MAX.
So I want to increase such command line max length, and it seems recompiling the kernel is the only option. Fine. However my question is on the ARG_MAX, because everyone is saying that it is the one that needs to be increased, but I read from http://www.in-ulm.de/~mascheck/various/argmax/#linux that,
ARG_MAX is not used in the kernel code itself pre-2.6.23. Post Linux 2.6.23, ARG_MAX is not hardcoded any more.
So is ARG_MAX not used any more or not? How to increase the max length for exec/command line arguments then? because my command line max length is capped to some smaller value than I prefer.
Thanks

A: Since linux-2.6.23 ARG_MAX is not necessarily a pre-determined constant, the total size for arguments is permitted to be up to 1/4 of the stack size (see ulimit -s, stack size in kB; but /proc/1/limits is  more definitive) . However, ARG_MAX is not just for the process arguments, it also contains the environment variables, which you may need to take into account.
POSIX defines what ARG_MAX means, and an acceptable lower limit (_POSIX_ARG_MAX 4096). Its static value is (historically) available via a #define in the system headers, and it's also set in the linux kernel headers. Its effective value is available by sysconf() or getconf ARG_MAX from the command line.
If you check the glibc headers (sys/param.h) you'll see this:
/* The kernel headers defines ARG_MAX.  The value is wrong, though.  */
#ifdef __undef_ARG_MAX
# undef ARG_MAX
# undef __undef_ARG_MAX
#endif

That's from glibc-2.17, this appeared around 2.11 (2009), first support for this dates to 2.8 (2008), but prior to 2.14 (2011) there was a bug in the above logic which prevented it from working as expected. The intention is to make sure ARG_MAX is undefined if it's not a constant, so programs should rely on sysconf(). (Even if it is defined it might only be a lower guaranteed limit, and programs should use sysconf() to determine the variable upper limits, see sysconf(3))
You can check what your C compiler sees with (gcc, bash/zsh syntax only):
$ gcc -E -dM -x c <(echo "#include <sys/param.h>") | fgrep ARG
#define ARG_MAX 131072
#define NCARGS ARG_MAX
#define _POSIX_ARG_MAX 4096

The above output is from an old system (2.6.27), which has the kernel support, but not the complete runtime (glibc support). If you see no ARG_MAX line then it is not a pre-determined limit, and you should use (sysconf) getconf ARG_MAX:
$ getconf ARG_MAX
2097152

A useful way to check support is also:
$ xargs --show-limits < /dev/null
Your environment variables take up 2542 bytes
POSIX upper limit on argument length (this system): 2092562
POSIX smallest allowable upper limit on argument length (all systems): 4096
Maximum length of command we could actually use: 2090020
Size of command buffer we are actually using: 131072

That's from a linux-2.6.37/glib-2.13 system with the higher limits. Note the final line of output, xargs defaults (build time) to a "sensible" limit, probably in case any of the processes it starts are not capable of handling very large values. You can modify that at run-time with the -s option. Also, if you have a ulimit -s in effect, those numbers may be lower. This should work correctly since findutils-4.3.9 (2007). See also: http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/faq/coreutils-faq.html#Argument-list-too-long
To check perl:
% perl -MPOSIX -e 'print ARG_MAX . "\n"';
131072

The above is again from an old system, a new system should show:
% perl -MPOSIX -e 'print ARG_MAX . "\n"';
Your vendor has not defined POSIX macro ARG_MAX, used at -e line 1

To summarize:

*

*If you're running a post-2.6.23 kernel, the kernel will permit larger sizes to be passed when creating a process. This is a necessary but not sufficient condition.

*The parent process must not enforce any incorrect runtime limit (e.g. with a hard-coded ARG_MAX), it should check for exec() E2BIG error codes  instead, and should use sysconf(_SC_ARG_MAX) if needed

*The child process must not enforce any incorrect runtime limit, in particular its startup code which processes the kernel provided parameters must not have incorrect hard-coded limits (e.g. when setting up argc, argc, the environment area for run time use). This is typically done in libc (glibc).

*For parent and child you may also need configure and build time support from libc (or equivalent). For glibc this requires glibc-2.8 at least (though it should be possible to work around it, it might not be simple or clean)

A problem combination is an updated (linux >=2.6.23) kernel, but missing or suspect glibc support (glibc<=2.14)
If you're running an older kernel, first make sure your vendor hasn't back-ported the feature. Otherwise you can in principle alter the kernel limit and recompile, but you may need to also modify at least some system headers or source code for working support.

Programs should be able to handle arbitrary values, but this may not always be the case: http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/limits.h.html

Applications should not assume any particular value for a limit. [...] It should be noted, however, that many of the listed limits are not invariant, and at runtime, the value of the limit may differ from those given in this header, for the following reasons:

*

*The limit is pathname-dependent.

*The limit differs between the compile and runtime machines.

  For these reasons, an application may use the fpathconf(), pathconf(), and sysconf() functions to determine the actual value of a limit at runtime.


The usage of Bitcoin and kitiwa among other virtual currencies and markets pose severe risks to Ghana's security says the country's Financial Intelligence Centre. The assessment is based on available international records that show insurgencies have been funded from Ghana.
Saddled with combating money laundering and terrorist financing, the centre is now working to make Ghana the first country in West Africa to publish its national risk assessment.
The country will also undergo the second phase of a regional mutual evaluation against money laundering in its readiness to fight the crime, added the centre's CEO, Samuel Essel.
The assessment, designed in September 2014 to prevent money laundering and combat terrorist financing, is in line with the recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) for countries to identify, assess, and understand money laundering and combat terrorist financing risks within their jurisdiction and then take action and apply resources to mitigate them.
More African countries are moving towards a cashless economy and more Africans are using Bitcoin particularly for its ease of use and transparency features.
Nethertheless, official statements that tie various electronic payment platforms including bitcoin to money laundering and terrorism financing create doubts in the larger population that is yet to understand the disruptive tendency of the digital currency.
The situation has been worsened by the several plans mentioned by African governments to regulate bitcoin use across the region through relevant institutions with none having achieved anything concrete yet.
Rather, lingering talks of impending policies have become another factor that has added to the low level of public awareness about bitcoin to aid lack of interest in Africa's growing fintech sector. In a position paper on virtual currencies by the South African Reserve Bank, it described Bitcoin, LiteCoin and Ripple as decentralised virtual currencies, stressing that there is potential for real growth of bitcoin in its current operational environment. However, the bank added that the currencies are not legal tender to be used as payment for the discharge of any obligation in a manner that suggests they are perfect substitute of legal tender in any part of the country.
The situation is the same in Kenya with Apex bank stating in December that no entity is currently licensed to offer money remittance services and products in Kenya using virtual currencies such as Bitcoin.
In Africa's largest economy, Nigeria, its central bank has indicated its intention to regulate bitcoin use in the country specifically to deter its potential use for money laundering and terrorist financing.
All these are coming at a time when the world's largest money transfer firm, Western Union, is investing in Digital Currency Group which supports bitcoin and blockchain startups, so as to keep its "eye on innovation" according to Western Union's chief technology officer, David Thompson. Hence, it is believed that, with time, bitcoin validation from Western Union and other such global firms will improve awareness among Africa's tech-savvy generation and mitigate the various layers of negativity about the digital currency.
Reassuringly, ongoing private sector initiatives will complement such efforts. In Ghana, for example, the FIC CEO mentioned the use of Bitcoin and Kitiwa as some of the most used mediums for money laundering since they use peer-to-peer technology with no central authority.
Still, some bitcoin-related projects have emanated from the country to global commendations – it had a workable DIY land title recorded on a developed and tested blockchain last year by Bitnation and the country produced the first company to create a bitcoin-producing farm this year.
However, whether and when a possible collaboration could be achieved among relevant stakeholders – and if such cooperation would settle the identified differences – for a common understanding of issues surrounding the growing use of bitcoin in Africa and other parts of the world will only be determined with time.


In a previous newsletter, we talked about our commitment to Racial Justice and our ongoing internal Racial Justice trainings led by Dr. Martha Ramos-Duffer and Paula X. Rojas. Last month, we delved into what it meant to be an ally in our community and our local food system. This experience led us to a topic that is often ignored in our local food system: migrant farm workers. This article will provide space to challenge ourselves to think beyond the familiar sustainable food narrative (ie. market to plate to mouth) to a more complex history of agriculture in Texas and the often invisible labor that goes into providing Texans with organic produce. Continue on to our blog for the first in this two part series about migrant farmworkers in Texas.
Rainwater Grown, Solar Powered Produce: Tecolote Farm harvests and filters rainwater from their solar powered roof to grow their gorgeous variety of seasonal produce. This weekend find okra, pints of mixed hot peppers, cantaloupes, sweet peppers, garlic chives, and edible garlic chive flowers, eggplant, and more!
Bean-to-Bar Chocolates: Buy local, quality chocolate treats for your long weekend festivities from Cocoa Puro. They'll have pure and intense chocolate from single-estate cacao plantations.
Yaupon Tea: Lost Pines Yaupon Tea is now offering single and 1/2 gallon bags of yaupon tea in addition to the loose leaf you've loved. Stop by their booth to try out this native, organic tea full of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties.
Back to School Immune Boost: Stock up on Medicine Woman Herbs organic Elderberry Syrup to ward off cold, flu and other viral bugs.


Super weight and good value. Quite strong smells!
Where is my tin of tea!??
Hi Ruth, I am sorry to hear that you are waiting for the Jen Coop Tea Tin, this item was out of stock however it is now back in stock and will be despatched tomorrow so will be on its way with you shortly.
we love the size of the bars of soaps.
Just the perfect gift for a lady about to become 90! Not an easy gift to find for someone that age! I chose them as I am 88 myself and would like them, so pray she does as well.


Its chief tributaries on this last portion of its course are the Alz and the Salzach, and at Passau, 309 m.
A portion of its course, however, between Forum Traiani and the modern Abbasanta, is not so followed, and is still well preserved.
It is in this south-western portion of the island, and more particularly in the group of mountains to the north of Iglesias, that the mining industry of Sardinia is carried on.
"Thankfully," Martha interjected, "the live bee portion of the test is conducted elsewhere."
She removed her sombrero and mopped her forehead with the rolled up portion of her shirtsleeve.
In the south-west portion of Sardinia the island of S.
A considerable portion of Sardinia, especially in the higher regions, is devoted to pasture.
He had finished his portion of the Byrne report and the interviews he'd conducted with Byrne's friends and associates.
The two differ in certain details of dentition, and in the greater development in the former of the parachute, especially the interfemoral portion, which in the latter is almost absent.
The material employed in all cases is the droppings of horses, which should be collected fresh, and spread out in thin layers in a dry place, a portion of the short litter being retained well moistened by horse-urine.
Social conditions in western Virginia were entirely unlike those existing in the eastern portion of the state.
In 1906 Virginia entered suit in the U.S. Supreme Court to compel West Virginia to assume a portion of the debt.
Freeman attributes the southern portion of the walls to Theron (Hist.
He flipped backwards in the book to the portion that no longer changed.
So, you think Jerome Shipton cut the line so it looked like someone was trying to kill him and then used the remaining portion to loop through an anchor so he could then rappel down?
She followed her friend to a portion of the underground site converted into a massive gym and training facility.
In the south-western portion of the island are several private railways belonging to various mining companies, of which the lines from Monteponi to Portoscuso, and from S.
Many milestones belonging to the road from Carales to Olbia have been found, but all but one of them (which was seen at Valentia) belong to the portion of the road within 12 m.
The French held Cleves from 1757 to 1762 and in 1 795 the part of the duchy on the left bank of the Rhine was ceded to France; the remaining portion suffered a similar fate in 1805.
Soon after its appearance in print I was pained to learn, through the Goodson Gazette, that a portion of the story (eight or nine passages) is either a reproduction or adaptation of Miss Margaret Canby's "Frost Fairies."
Among the most important trees of this area are the white and chestnut oaks, the black walnut, the yellow poplar, and the cherry, the southern portion of the state containing the largest reserve supply.


text:
The architect and her friends turned clients were unanimous about having their first home in black; the clients were partly inspired by brutalist architecture, but also wanted a color that was easy to maintain. Luckily, Micaela has had her share of working with black homes; her first one got featured in the cover of BluPrint.
This black home by Micaela Benedicto packs versatility and style minus the excess
Benedicto's taut geometries, honest materiality, and no-nonsense programming bring surprising lightness and versatility to a young family's first home
Written by Patrick Kasingsing
Photographed by Ed Simon
The Tan's favorite space in their 300 square-meter home at the fringes of Quezon City is the product of a mid-construction design change. "A lap pool was originally planned to start directly at the bottom of these steps," architect Micaela Benedicto explains as we relished the cooler than normal weather, sitting on the steps amidst glasses of juice with the husband and wife of the household, a young jovial couple. The want for a pool and the accompanying maintenance costs were eventually superseded by the need for a green backyard space for family gatherings and outdoor activities. The steps that were supposed to continue towards and below the pool now lead to the patch of green.
This jet-black abode both sinks in and stands out amidst its verdant surrounds, its ebony surfaces and rigid forms a clean break from its colorful and kitschy neighbors.
This barrier-slash-bench prevents cars from going straight into the house but also supports the growth of plants in front it, acting as privacy shields.
What could have been lapping pool water is now a healthy carpet of grass that continues from the raised living room steps to the back of the 600-square-meter lot. "We love these steps so much!" Mrs. Tan gushes. "Most of the time, my husband and I skip the breakfast table and even the living room and just sit on these steps with the lawn and the trees in view, sipping coffee in the morning. Other times, we would just sit here and watch our son play with his friends on the lawn, and we'd sometimes join in!" I remarked that the lack of a pool didn't seem much of a missed opportunity after hearing how much activity the freed-up lawn allows; the couple and Benedicto agree. "Our families were initially puzzled why we chose such a modest-sized lot but were amazed at how much space and greenery were achieved. Our lawn is a favorite venue for family get-togethers. It has even hosted a camping session!" the husband adds with mirth.
What would have been a lap pool is now a spacious backyard space that has housed many a party and nerf gun session.
Quite a lot of things worked in Micaela Benedicto's favor for this project. "This commission is the first where I get to work with clients my age," she explains as we toured the home. It didn't hurt that the clients were also the architects' closest college batchmates, who ended up skipping an architecture career for a more entrepreneurial track. "We knew each other for a long time and really, it was the perfect client-architect match as we shared the same taste in a lot of things, from music to art and architecture." This harmonious partnership quickly reveals itself when entering the house's black-slatted gates: the two-story home's handsome angular façade is brazenly black, beautifully framed by an existing tree just outside the driveway. "The black color for the house was unanimous; it's a strange choice, sure, but we love how bold yet also practical and maintenance-free it is," the husband says. Benedicto is no stranger to working with the color, having done another all-black abode (featured as the cover story for BluPrint Vol 3, 2015). She utilized a finish that incorporated the color, thus providing the house's rectangular volumes with an even, ebony skin, which would have been a feat to achieve and more expensive in the long run with normal enamel paint. Indoors, the house takes on a pristine white, a nod to the gallery feel the couple wanted to have; Benedicto adds that the shade also contributes to a more spacious feel for the modestly-sized home.
READ MORE: Micaela Benedicto's Z House speaks the vernacular like a native
Budget, like in a lot of projects, was a major concern for the household of three, but Benedicto relished the challenge. "I prefer it this way; the budget pushes me to think of ways to maximize the functional potential of every form and space I create." Faced with a lot that narrowed like a funnel, and with a basin-like depression at its rear, Micaela Benedicto chose to work with the lay of the land and used the uneven terrain to her advantage. The ground level of the house follows the 0.9–meter dip of the terrain; From the living area, one crosses over to the kitchen and dining area down a short set of steps, mirroring the one outside that led from the living area to the yard. This gave the dining space a higher ceiling height of 3.6 meters, which worked wonders in exuding spaciousness.
The living area is intimate and informal; the two facing floor-to-ceiling windows oriented towards the driveway and backyard's green views ensure that the family don't miss the TV.
The house's interiors are mostly finished in white for the gallery-like feel the clients wanted, and to accommodate their growing art collection. Seen here are the clean kitchen and breakfast counter. The stairs leading to the second floor cuts a striking presence with its zig-zagging jet black form.
The house proudly flaunts its spare material palette with aplomb, exuding timelessness in its near–ascetic simplicity. "I worked with mostly plaster, wood, and metal; that's it. For me, it's not about the amount and price of the materials that give a space luxury and character; it's what you do with them, how you make it work to serve the space and its inhabitants," Benedicto explains.
YOU MIGHT LIKE: Micaela Benedicto's Kodama House goes nude
A Glass Act
Blessed with bounteous greenery, with subdivision rules that prohibit the culling of existing flora, Benedicto and her clients agreed to open up the house to the covetable green views. Oriented towards the tall, stately tree fronting the driveway of the lot, expansive glazing was used on the ground level and in the private spaces of the second floor, all with large, operable panes. Wherever possible and needed, Benedicto supplied adjacent window openings to open up the house, allowing its owners the option of cross-ventilation and passive cooling. While the addition of copious openings would often inflate the construction budget, Benedicto stuck with standard sliding window dimensions to fit the home and minimize customization. Still, the windows proved to be the clients' most expensive investment for the home, and for good reason. "We haven't had any trouble yet with any of the sets from Rehau that we've got. The windows slide smoothly, and there haven't been any leaks or damage yet, despite the extreme weather this house has withstood," Micaela Benedicto recalls.
The second-floor openings allow textbook cross ventilation to take place through copious openings
It comes as a surprise to find that the household has been living in the house for almost two years, wrapping construction last 2018. I comment on how immaculately clean the spaces were, always a feat for a house with a kid, and one that's open to the outdoors. As a full-time mom to their son of eleven, the wife says that she has come to know the house more intimately, and appreciated the future-proofing that came with Benedicto's space plan. "This is our family room, for now," Mr. Tan points out as we complete our climb into the second floor and are greeted by an admittedly spartan seating area that gave off a transient quality. "When our second child comes, we can easily convert this space into another bedroom; the posts will go here," Mrs. Tan adds. "We are happy with the level of future-proofing that came with our house! It gives us room to breathe, and for it to grow alongside our family."
Morning views are sure to be a delight with unimpeded views of verdant greens in either side of the bedroom
It is praise that is more than well-deserved for Micaela Benedicto; the house she has designed fits its owner profile like a glove, with room to grow at their desired pace. It is quite simply responsible, reactive architecture. In this day and age of uncertainty, what with a pandemic ravaging the globe and an all but certain recession on the horizon, cavernous luxury homes with acres of unused spaces and rooms, built more as showpieces than for actual use, should be a thing of the past.
Micaela Benedicto
Micaela Benedicto Studio

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Warner makes history as Canada's first Olympic decathlon champion
By Paula Nichols
Damian Warner is Canada's first ever Olympic champion in the decathlon, earning the unofficial title of World's Greatest Athlete.
His final score of 9018 points is an Olympic record and a Canadian record. This is the first time Warner has surpassed the 9000-point mark, becoming just the fourth decathlete in history to do so. It is also the first time the Olympic decathlon gold medallist has broken through 9000 points as Warner breaks the previous mark of 8893 points set by American Ashton Eaton at Rio 2016.
Warner is the first Canadian decathlete to win multiple Olympic medals, as he adds to the bronze he won at Rio 2016. The only other Canadian to win an Olympic medal in the decathlon is Dave Steen, who captured bronze at Seoul 1988.
Warner had an outstanding competition, which began on Day 12 with one of his strongest events, the 100m. He matched his own world decathlon best time in the event, running it in 10.12 seconds. He followed that up immediately with an Olympic decathlon best 8.24m in the long jump, coming just four centimetres shy of his own world best distance that he set in late May at the famed Hypomeeting in Götzis, Austria. It was there that he set the Canadian record for total points at 8995, making him the fourth-highest scoring decathlete all time.
Warner also put up a strong effort in the shot put, throwing a season's best 14.80m. That was followed by a 2.02m clearance in the high jump. He closed out day one by running a season's best 47.48 seconds in the 400m. After leading all day, Warner held onto the yellow bib overnight with a total of 4722 points.
He started day two in much the same fashion, running an Olympic decathlon best time of 13.46 seconds in the 110m hurdles. That was just a tenth of a second off the world best time he'd run in Götzis. He launched the discus 48.67m and then achieved a personal best in the pole vault, clearing the bar at 4.90m.
As they took the midday break, Warner had 7490 points and a 221-point margin over second place at that point, Australian Ashley Moloney. Below Warner, things started to change up with the javelin, as Rio 2016 silver medallist Kevin Mayer of France threw a whopping 73.09m for a personal best, moving him up from fourth place to sit behind Warner in second. The biggest drop among the leaders came from Warner's teammate Pierce LePage, who had been steadily in third throughout most of the competition. But in the javelin, his best effort was only 57.24m, which caused him to fall to fifth place overall.
Warner's best throw in the javelin was measured at 63.44m, a season's best by close to four metres. That meant that heading into the last of the 10 events, the 1500m, Warner had accumulated 8280 points and held a 214-point lead over Mayer.
In that last race, Warner settled into the pack early, before deciding to make his move on the last lap, knowing exactly the time he needed to hit to break that 9000-point mark he has sought for so long. His time of 4:31.08 equaled 738 points, putting him over the barrier.
Mayer finished with 8726 points to win silver while Moloney hung on for bronze with 8649 points. LePage finished fifth, a very impressive Olympic debut, as he earned a new personal best of 8604 points.
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Audience Discussion: What should we learn – or reject - from disruptors?
Come to this interactive session, in which our audience will discuss some of the opportunities, issues and experiences from the previous session as well as sharing their own experiences, in order to distil some key learning points for the standards community about our role in innovation and disruption.
The audience will be divided into groups, where a moderator will launch a discussion around common questions. At the end of this session the moderators will give a summary of key insights and highlights of their group discussions.