text:
American TV series or program
by Toby Emmerich
Jeremy Carver
Riley Smith
Devin Kelley
Mekhi Phifer
Anthony Ruivivar
Lenny Jacobson
Daniel Bonjour
Toby Chu
Toby Emmerich
Jennifer Gwartz
John Rickard
Tim Scanlan
Jae Marchant
Production location
Michael Blundoll
Jeremy Carver Productions
L1n Pictures
1080i (HDTV)
October 5, 2016 (2016-10-05) –
Frequency is an American mystery science fiction drama television series that aired on The CW from October 5, 2016 to January 25, 2017.[1] Inspired by the 2000 film Frequency, the television series was developed by Jeremy Carver. The series was canceled on May 8, 2017; five days later, an epilogue to the series was released.[2][3]
In 2016, NYPD Detective Raimy Sullivan discovers that she is able to speak to her deceased father Frank Sullivan in 1996 via his old ham radio. Her attempts to save his life trigger the "butterfly effect", changing the present in unforeseen ways. To fix the damage, she must work with her father across time to solve a decades-old murder case.[4]
Peyton List as Raimy Elizabeth Sullivan
Ada Breker as young Raimy
An NYPD detective who experiences an unusual weather phenomenon that allows her to communicate with her late father through radio transmissions.[5] Born and raised in Queens, Raimy is stationed at the 21st Precinct (the same precinct her father worked out of in 1996) and has been since the start of her career in 2008. She achieved the rank of detective in 2014. After changing the timeline by conversing with her father, Raimy seems to be the only one who notices the changes. Now, she and Frank work across time to solve the Nightingale murders before her mother can become the killer's next victim.
Riley Smith as Francis Joseph "Frank" Sullivan: Raimy's father and an NYPD detective in 1996. He was originally killed while working undercover and posthumously accused of being corrupt, but survived when Raimy changed the timeline by warning him of his impending death. In the new timeline caused by his survival in 1996, Frank saw his daughter grow up and graduate from the police academy, and even served as her training officer in 2008. He dies in a car crash in 2011.
Devin Kelley as Julie Elizabeth Sullivan: Raimy's mother and Frank's widow who, once the timeline is changed so that her husband survives, is killed by the Nightingale.
Mekhi Phifer as Detective (1996)/Lieutenant (2016) Satch Reyna: Frank's partner who now runs the 21st Precinct's Detective Squad where Raimy works. He and Stan Moreno were patrol officers in the late 1980s. In the original timeline, Satch's marriage collapsed in the intervening 20 years, and he became estranged from his children.
Anthony Ruivivar as Captain Stan Moreno: The 21st Precinct Commander who, as a narcotics detective in 1996, was responsible for the undercover operation that resulted in Frank's death. In the original timeline, then-Sergeant Moreno, already a legendary narcotics detective, served as Raimy's training officer in 2008. Frank and Raimy believe he is corrupt.
Lenny Jacobson as Gordo: Raimy's childhood friend.
Daniel Bonjour as Daniel Lawrence: Raimy's fiancé in 2016. When Raimy alters the timeline to save her father, she is horrified to discover that she and Daniel have never met and he is dating another woman. Nevertheless, she retains memories of their previous romance. When the timeline is again altered, their engagement is restored by the end of the series.
Sandy Robson as Mike Rainey
Brad Kelly as "Little Jay" Garza
Alexandra Metz as Maya Gowan
Michael Charles Roman as Thomas Goff: A suspect in the Nightingale murders.
David Lipper as Robbie Womack
Melinda Page Hamilton as Marilyn Goff
Britt McKillip as young Meghan
Kenneth Mitchell as Deacon Joe Hurley: A suspect in the Nightingale murders.
Rob Mayes as Detective Kyle Moseby: A fellow NYPD detective who in the changed timeline has a sexual relationship with Raimy.[6]
US viewers
"Pilot" Brad Anderson Story by : Toby Emmerich
Teleplay by : Jeremy Carver October 5, 2016 (2016-10-05) T15.10135 1.35[7]
After lightning strikes the antenna of her dead father Frank's old ham radio, Raimy Sullivan begins to communicate with a man who turns out to be Frank 20 years earlier: they quickly realize they are speaking to each other across time. Both are police officers. In 1996, Frank is going undercover, and in 2016, Raimy is investigating a cold case murder by a serial killer called "the Nightingale" because he targets nurses. She uncovers evidence that Frank, who was shot dead during a botched sting operation, was set up by his superior Stan Moreno, now the deputy police chief. They prevent Frank's death, but this sets off a butterfly effect cascade of changes: in the new reality, Frank survived the night of the sting, but Raimy's mother was killed by the Nightingale in the late 1990s and her boyfriend Daniel has never met her.
"Signal and Noise" John Kretchmer Jeremy Carver October 12, 2016 (2016-10-12) T13.20252 1.08[8]
Raimy informs Frank that her mother (Frank's wife), Julie, will be a Nightingale victim. She urges him to warn her, but Frank is hesitant to jeopardize his shaky relationship with Julie and young Raimy. In their respective time frames, both he and Raimy investigate Thomas Goff, a suspect who had a sexual-assault charge filed against him dropped. In 1996, Frank's visit precipitates the escape of a girl named Maya that Goff kidnapped, exposing his crimes to his mother. In 2016, Raimy discovers that Frank's actions caused the Goffs to move away, and she can no longer find them. Desperate to convince Julie she is in danger, Frank leads her to the radio to speak with Raimy, but she remains silent in fear of further changing their history.
"The Near Far Problem" Nina Lopez-Corrado Nancy Won October 19, 2016 (2016-10-19) T13.20253 1.04[9]
In 2016, Raimy finds where Goff hid Maya under an outbuilding and encourages Frank to pursue that lead in 1996. Frank discovers that the underground space has been cleaned with bleach, and finds a footprint that leads him to the woods, where he finds Maya. Raimy is convinced that Goff is the Nightingale, but Frank has doubts. They each track down Goff. In 1996, Goff steps into traffic to avoid prison and dies; in 2016, he vanishes just as Raimy is about to murder him in a blind rage. The Nightingale case remains unchanged, confirming Goff's innocence. Raimy refuses to attend her mother's funeral, straining her relationship with Satch.
"Bleed Over" Michael Fields Michael Alaimo October 26, 2016 (2016-10-26) T13.20255 0.99[10]
In 1996, a young girl, Eva Salinas, is found wandering the streets, having escaped from the Nightingale after he abducted her mother. The traumatic experience keeps her quiet until Frank has young Raimy play with her at the park. She tells Raimy a secret: she saw the Nightingale's face. In 2016, Raimy learns that Eva has been abducted again, but eventually discovers that she has faked the whole thing for attention. Frank asks Raimy to describe the Nightingale sketch from her precinct and he, in turn, shows it to young Eva. She recalls the Nightingale stalking her mother and describes his vehicle, which Frank recognizes from the park. He tries to approach it, but the driver flees and later burns it.
"Seven Three" Oz Scott John Dove November 2, 2016 (2016-11-02) T13.20254 0.91[11]
In 2016, Raimy discovers that her very first collar has been murdered and realizes that she remembers two versions of that day: one from the current timeline, where she and her father arrested him, and one from the timeline where Frank was killed, where she rode with Stan Moreno and found him murdered. Raimy's knowledge of both timelines further implicates Stan as a dirty cop, but she has no hard evidence to prove it. She and Frank use an unaltered file from 1996 to try and flip one of Stan's CIs in 2016. After Frank accuses her of cheating on him with Raimy's softball coach, Julie asks him for a divorce.
"Deviation" John Kretchmer Jeannine Renshaw November 9, 2016 (2016-11-09) T13.20256 1.05[12]
At Raimy's insistence, Frank uses the next Nightingale victim as bait. He saves her life, but the Nightingale escapes, knocking him unconscious and taking a family photo from his wallet. In 2016, Raimy speaks to a tipster in prison who specifically requested her. He introduces himself as Karl Pierce, a mentally unstable quantum physicist who claims to have discovered the same phenomenon as Raimy, which led him to kill his neighbor at the urging of his future self. He suggests that the only way to stop the Nightingale is to kill him in the past. Raimy dismisses him, but changes her mind after discovering that the woman Frank saved has become a Nightingale victim in 2016.
"Break, Break, Break" Tim Hunter Linda Patel November 16, 2016 (2016-11-16) T13.20257 0.97[13]
In 1996, Frank is approached by his former lover, Miracella Corrado, whom he met while undercover and is now seeking refuge from Stan, who had her brother Jay murdered to cover up his attempt on Frank's life. Discovering the affair, Julie retaliates by rekindling her relationship with Raimy's softball coach, Ted. In 2016, Satch wants to retire after his wife divorces him, but Raimy convinces him not to when they find a major clue to the Nightingale's identity. A new victim, Larissa Abbot, is found at an old Christian hideaway camp where she was a nurse in 1994 and Raimy determines that whoever killed her must have worked at the camp at the same time.
"Interference" Tara Nicole Weyr Tom Farrell November 30, 2016 (2016-11-30) T13.20258 0.97[14]
After watching a press conference where Raimy appeals for information about the hideaway camp, a woman named Meghan tries to contact her, but is prevented from doing so by the staff at the mental health clinic where she is held. A man who helped troubled youth at the camp, Deacon Joe Hurley, of whom she is terrified, is approached for information about the camp by the police. Raimy's date with her new boyfriend, Kyle Moseby, is interrupted by a drunk Daniel, forcing Raimy to abandon Kyle so that she can take him home. He admits he cannot stop thinking about her and they share a kiss, but she leaves after finding the ring he plans to give to his girlfriend. He later visits Raimy again and they have sex. In 1996, Frank searches Larissa's belongings with her family's permission and learns she was friends with Meghan at the camp. He also finds out about Julie's affair with Ted, but eventually gives her his blessing to continue.
"Gray Line" John Showalter Nancy Won December 7, 2016 (2016-12-07) T13.20259 0.85[15]
In 1996, Frank sets up a sting to expose Stan's corruption, but Satch tips him off and Frank is warned not to mess with Stan again. Frank and Julie reconcile after he comes to her wanting to tell her about his time undercover. Frank also tracks down a younger Meghan and learns of her suspicions that her stepfather Joe murdered her mother and brother. In 2016, Meghan escapes the clinic and calls Raimy, but is abducted. Raimy breaks into Deacon Joe's house and finds the mummified remains of Meghan's mother; the Deacon attacks her and escapes, launching a manhunt. Raimy warns Frank that Joe is the Nightingale and must be killed to save Julie, to which Frank reluctantly agrees.
"The Edison Effect" Rob Seidenglanz John Dove January 4, 2017 (2017-01-04) T13.20260 0.67[16]
Having finally identified Deacon Joe as the Nightingale, Raimy helps her father prepare to murder him. Frank goes along with her plan, but questions whether it will cause more harm than good to the timeline; Raimy insists that doing so is the only way to save Julie. Kyle winds up in the hospital after being injured in a pursuit and he and Raimy share a tender moment. Meghan manages to call the police, who trace her phone to a remote cabin; despite Raimy's best efforts, Joe kills Meghan and flees. After chasing him down, she murders him in cold blood and surrenders her firearm to another officer. Meanwhile, Frank succeeds in abducting Joe, but ends up in a car crash after receiving a call from Julie.
"Negative Copy" John Behring Michael Alaimo January 11, 2017 (2017-01-11) T13.20261 0.74[17]
Joe escapes from Frank's car, foiling Raimy's plan. Her actions are subsequently investigated as misconduct and her badge is confiscated. Fearing that Joe will target his family, Frank concocts a new plan to frame him for theft. Unfortunately, this results in an alternate timeline where Joe was never caught in the first place, erasing all of Raimy's progress. Realizing that he will almost certainly kill Meghan in 2016 to cover his tracks, they decide to find her. Julie covers for Frank when Satch comes by their house to investigate, but he eventually figures out that she's lying. Out of desperation, Frank plants a bag of cash in Joe's house and has him arrested, while Raimy breaks into his cabin, finding Meghan and her brother alive in the nearby woods.
"Harmonic" Stefan Pleszczynski Jeannine Renshaw January 18, 2017 (2017-01-18) T13.20262 0.73[18]
Raimy takes Meghan and Robbie to the hospital, where she learns that the latter has been living under an alias for 20 years after running away from home. Frank tries to get Joe to confess, but he fakes a beating and is allowed to leave. Raimy and Satch find the evidence needed to get Joe arrested and Raimy gives him her shoelaces to commit suicide in return for the location of his wife's body, which Frank then uses to identify Joe as the Nightingale. Raimy discovers that her mother is now alive in 2016, while Robbie, having been reunited with his sister by Frank, returns to his apartment in 1996 and inspects a collection of photos of Julie before going to sleep.
"Signal Loss" Thomas Wright Jeremy Carver & Nancy Won January 25, 2017 (2017-01-25) T13.20263 0.79[19]
In the new timeline, Frank still dies in 2011, but Julie is now a doctor, Gordo is a lawyer, Satch's marriage is intact, there have been no Nightingale murders since Joe's arrest, and Raimy and Daniel are engaged. By chance, Raimy encounters Robbie and becomes suspicious of him, convincing Frank to visit Robbie and Meghan in 1996 and make further inquiries about Joe. This unbalances Robbie and he tells Meghan that he is the Nightingale and that Joe took the blame for him. Robbie murders Meghan and then attacks Julie, Raimy, and Gordo, shoots Gordo's father, and destroys the ham radio, cutting off contact with Raimy in 2016. Despite their bad blood, Stan races to help Frank rescue his family, but is shot by a vengeful Miracella before he can reach the scene. Frank is shot by Robbie, who tries to flee with a captive Julie, but Satch stops them and rescues Julie, though Robbie escapes. Raimy is relieved to find the present relatively unchanged in 2016, but Robbie remains at large.
On May 13, 2017, The CW released an epilogue to the series to provide closure after its cancellation.[3]
Netflix acquired the exclusive broadcast rights to Frequency in the United Kingdom, Ireland, India, Canada and Oceania, adding new episodes to its platform less than a day after their original U.S. broadcast.[20][21]
Frequency has received generally positive reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the series a score of 75% based on 24 reviews. The consensus says, "Frequency's confusing timeline and somewhat familiar dramatic framework are offset by solid acting and an intriguingly loaded premise."[22] On Metacritic, the show has a weighted average of 64/100 based on 21 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[23]
Viewership and ratings per episode of Frequency
Rating/share
DVR viewers
"Pilot" October 5, 2016 0.4/1 1.35[7] 0.2 0.71 0.6 2.06[24]
"Signal and Noise" October 12, 2016 0.3/1 1.08[8] 0.3 0.77 0.6 1.85[25]
"The Near Far Problem" October 19, 2016 0.3/1 1.04[9] 0.2 0.66 0.5 1.71[26]
"Bleed Over" October 26, 2016 0.3/1 0.99[10] 0.2 0.73 0.5 1.72[27]
"Seven Three" November 2, 2016 0.3/1 0.91[11] 0.2 0.73 0.5 1.63[28]
"Deviation" November 9, 2016 0.3/1 1.05[12] 0.2 0.61 0.5 1.66[29]
"Break, Break, Break" November 16, 2016 0.3/1 0.97[13] 0.2 — 0.5[30] —
"Interference" November 30, 2016 0.3/1 0.97[14] 0.2 0.61 0.5 1.57[31]
"Gray Line" December 7, 2016 0.2/1 0.85[15] — 0.45 — 1.29[32]
"The Edison Effect" January 4, 2017 0.2/1 0.67[16] TBD TBD TBD TBD
"Negative Copy" January 11, 2017 0.2/1 0.74[17] TBD TBD TBD TBD
"Harmonic" January 18, 2017 0.2/1 0.73[18] TBD TBD TBD TBD
"Signal Loss" January 25, 2017 0.3/1 0.79[19] — 0.43 — 1.22[33]
Signal, South Korea / TVN, 2016
Ditto (2000 film)
^ "The CW fall TV 2016 premiere dates: 'The Flash' and 'No Tomorrow' kick off October rollout". June 17, 2016. Archived from the original on June 18, 2016. Retrieved June 17, 2016.
^ Strauss, Bettina (May 8, 2017). "'Frequency,' 'No Tomorrow' Canceled at The CW". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 8, 2017.
^ a b Ge, Linda (May 13, 2016). "'Frequency' Epilogue: Raimy and Frank's Fates Revealed (Video)". The Wrap. Retrieved May 13, 2016.
^ Andreeva, Nellie (2016-05-12). "'Riverdale', 'Frequency' & 'No Tomorrow' Picked Up To Series By The CW". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 2016-05-13.
^ Gelman, Vlada (February 22, 2016). "CW Pilot News: Peyton List Joins Frequency, Transylvania Finds Lead". TVLine. Retrieved May 13, 2016.
^ "'Frequency' Casts 'Mistresses' Actor as Raimy's Love Interest". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved November 3, 2016.
^ a b Porter, Rick (October 6, 2016). "'Empire,' 'Survivor,' 'SVU,' 'Chicago PD' adjust up, 'Black-ish' adjusts down: Wednesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on October 20, 2016. Retrieved October 6, 2016.
^ a b Porter, Rick (October 13, 2016). "'Empire' and 'The Goldbergs' adjust up: Wednesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on October 16, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
^ a b Porter, Rick (October 20, 2016). "'Blindspot' and 'Frequency' adjust down, full debate numbers: Wednesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on October 21, 2016. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
^ a b Porter, Rick (October 27, 2016). "'Survivor,' 'SVU,' ABC comedies adjust up, 'Designated Survivor' adjusts down: Wednesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on October 28, 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
^ a b Porter, Rick (November 3, 2016). "'Survivor' adjusts up, CMAs hold vs. World Series: Wednesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on November 4, 2016. Retrieved November 3, 2016.
^ a b Porter, Rick (November 10, 2016). "'Black-ish' adjusts down, others hold: Wednesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on November 11, 2016. Retrieved November 10, 2016.
^ a b Porter, Rick (November 17, 2016). "'Goldbergs' and 'Speechless' adjust up, 'Black-ish' adjusts down: Wednesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on November 18, 2016. Retrieved November 17, 2016.
^ a b Porter, Rick (December 2, 2016). "'Empire' adjusts up, 'Black-ish' adjusts down: Wednesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved December 2, 2016.
^ a b Welch, Alex (December 8, 2016). "'Modern Family' adjusts up: Wednesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on December 9, 2016. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
^ a b Porter, Rick (January 6, 2017). "'Lethal Weapon,' 'Modern Family' and 'Criminal Minds' adjust up: Wednesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on January 7, 2017. Retrieved January 6, 2017.
^ a b Porter, Rick (January 12, 2017). "'The Goldbergs' and 'Speechless' adjust up: Wednesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on January 13, 2017. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
^ a b Porter, Rick (January 20, 2017). "'Black-ish' adjusts down slightly: Wednesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on January 21, 2017. Retrieved January 20, 2017.
^ a b Porter, Rick (January 26, 2017). "'SVU' and 'Modern Family' reruns adjust up: Wednesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on January 26, 2017. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
^ Munn, Patrick (October 11, 2016). "Netflix UK Snaps Up The CW's 'Frequency' Reboot". TVWise. Retrieved November 1, 2016.
^ "video on uNoGS". unogs.com.
^ "Frequency: Season 1". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
^ "Frequency – Season 1 Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved October 17, 2016.
^ Porter, Rick (October 19, 2016). "Rich get richer as 'Empire,' 'Big Bang,' 'Designated Survivor' lead broadcast Live +7 ratings for Oct. 3-9". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on October 19, 2016. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
^ Porter, Rick (October 27, 2016). "'This Is Us,' 'Big Bang,' 'Designated Survivor' lead broadcast Live +7 ratings for Oct. 10-16". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on October 28, 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
^ Porter, Rick (November 4, 2016). "'This Is Us' and 'Agents of SHIELD' score in broadcast Live +7 ratings for Oct. 17-23". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on November 5, 2016. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
^ Porter, Rick (November 10, 2016). "'This Is Us,' 'Designated Survivor' stay on top in broadcast Live +7 ratings for Oct. 24-30". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on November 11, 2016. Retrieved November 10, 2016.
^ Porter, Rick (November 17, 2016). "13 shows double, 'This Is Us' & 'Big Bang' lead broadcast Live +7 ratings for Oct. 31-Nov. 6". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on November 18, 2016. Retrieved November 17, 2016.
^ Porter, Rick (November 23, 2016). "'Designated Survivor' makes more big gains in week 8 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on November 24, 2016. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
^ Porter, Rick (December 1, 2016). "'This Is Us,' 'Big Bang,' 'Designated Survivor' are the Big Three in week 9 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on December 1, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
^ Porter, Rick (December 21, 2016). "6 shows double in week 11 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on December 22, 2016. Retrieved December 21, 2016.
^ Porter, Rick (December 22, 2016). "'This Is Us' reaches season highs week 12 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on December 23, 2016. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
^ Porter, Rick (February 11, 2017). "'This Is Us' and TGIT rise above the rest in week 19 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved February 11, 2017.
Frequency at IMDb
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Frequency (2000)
To Get Unstuck in Time (2004)
Signal (2016)
Frequency (2016–2017)
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text:
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Religion Class Bullying & Bias Rights & Activism
President Obama's Address on the 50th Anniversary of Bloody Sunday
Obama's 2015 speech on the Edmund Pettus Bridge honors the anniversary of "Bloody Sunday," when hundreds of voting-rights activists were brutally attacked by state troopers as they began a march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama. President Obama reminds us of the spirit and struggle associated with the marchers in Selma, or any group of people meeting injustice.
Race & Ethnicity Bullying & Bias Rights & Activism

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Scientific studies dictate that there are differences between foods. The prime difference in this case is in relation to the nutritional value. While some foods are known to bear low level of essential nutrients, there are others whose nutritional level is above board.
The defining factor for Superfoods is the level of nutrients. Superfoods are basically they type of food whose nutritional composition is highly sophisticated. Some Superfoods carry 2 or more essential nutrients.
On that note, the interest that people have towards Superfoods remains immense. After all, the benefits offered by the same are way above what normal foods offer.
ALOVITOX has been in the forefront in providing the society and the world at large with healthy Superfoods. The primary mission of ALOVITOX is to provide nothing but quality food substances, processed with maximum hygiene for the sake of improving health and boosting happiness among individuals.
You might be interested to know that ALOVITOX deals with natural products only. In this regard, you have absolutely no reason to worry about the possibility of taking chemicals in the name of Superfoods. The company understands that personal health is far much important that monetary profits and that is why only natural and scientifically proven Superfoods are produced.


text:
/* CoAP client Example

   This example code is in the Public Domain (or CC0 licensed, at your option.)

   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, this
   software is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
   CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/

#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netdb.h>

#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
#include "freertos/task.h"
#include "freertos/event_groups.h"

#include "esp_log.h"
#include "esp_wifi.h"
#include "esp_event.h"
#include "esp_netif.h"
#include "nvs_flash.h"

#include "protocol_examples_common.h"

#include "coap.h"

#define COAP_DEFAULT_TIME_SEC 5

/* Set this to 9 to get verbose logging from within libcoap */
/* If want to change log level num to open log, don't forget to enlarge coap_example_task size*/
#define COAP_LOGGING_LEVEL 0

/* The examples use uri "coap://californium.eclipse.org" that
   you can set via the project configuration (idf.py menuconfig)

   If you'd rather not, just change the below entries to strings with
   the config you want - ie #define COAP_DEFAULT_DEMO_URI "coap://californium.eclipse.org"
*/
#define COAP_DEFAULT_DEMO_URI CONFIG_TARGET_DOMAIN_URI

const static char *TAG = "CoAP_client";
static char addr_str[64] = {0};
static int resp_wait = 1;
static coap_optlist_t *optlist = NULL;
static int wait_ms;

static void message_handler(coap_context_t *ctx, coap_session_t *session,
              coap_pdu_t *sent, coap_pdu_t *received,
                const coap_tid_t id)
{
    unsigned char* data = NULL;
    size_t data_len;
    coap_pdu_t *pdu = NULL;
    coap_opt_t *block_opt;
    coap_opt_iterator_t opt_iter;
    unsigned char buf[4];
    coap_optlist_t *option;
    coap_tid_t tid;

    if (COAP_RESPONSE_CLASS(received->code) == 2) {
        /* Need to see if blocked response */
        block_opt = coap_check_option(received, COAP_OPTION_BLOCK2, &opt_iter);
        if (block_opt) {
            uint16_t blktype = opt_iter.type;

            if (coap_opt_block_num(block_opt) == 0) {
                printf("Received:\n");
            }
            if (coap_get_data(received, &data_len, &data)) {
                printf("%.*s", (int)data_len, data);
            }
            if (COAP_OPT_BLOCK_MORE(block_opt)) {
                /* more bit is set */

                /* create pdu with request for next block */
                pdu = coap_new_pdu(session);
                if (!pdu) {
                     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "coap_new_pdu() failed");
                     goto clean_up;
                }
                pdu->type = COAP_MESSAGE_CON;
                pdu->tid = coap_new_message_id(session);
                pdu->code = COAP_REQUEST_GET;

                /* add URI components from optlist */
                for (option = optlist; option; option = option->next ) {
                    switch (option->number) {
                    case COAP_OPTION_URI_HOST :
                    case COAP_OPTION_URI_PORT :
                    case COAP_OPTION_URI_PATH :
                    case COAP_OPTION_URI_QUERY :
                        coap_add_option(pdu, option->number, option->length,
                                  option->data);
                        break;
                    default:
                        ;     /* skip other options */
                    }
                }

                /* finally add updated block option from response, clear M bit */
                /* blocknr = (blocknr & 0xfffffff7) + 0x10; */
                coap_add_option(pdu,
                                blktype,
                                coap_encode_var_safe(buf, sizeof(buf),
                                     ((coap_opt_block_num(block_opt) + 1) << 4) |
                                      COAP_OPT_BLOCK_SZX(block_opt)), buf);

                tid = coap_send(session, pdu);

                if (tid != COAP_INVALID_TID) {
                    resp_wait = 1;
                    wait_ms = COAP_DEFAULT_TIME_SEC * 1000;
                    return;
                }
            }
            printf("\n");
        } else {
            if (coap_get_data(received, &data_len, &data)) {
                printf("Received: %.*s\n", (int)data_len, data);
            }
        }
    }
clean_up:
    resp_wait = 0;
}

static void coap_example_task(void *p)
{
    struct addrinfo *ainfo;
    struct addrinfo hints;
    coap_address_t    dst_addr, src_addr;
    static coap_uri_t uri;
    const char*       server_uri = COAP_DEFAULT_DEMO_URI;
    char* phostname = NULL;

    coap_set_log_level(COAP_LOGGING_LEVEL);
    while (1) {
#define BUFSIZE 40
        unsigned char _buf[BUFSIZE];
        unsigned char *buf;
        size_t buflen;
        int res;
        coap_context_t *ctx = NULL;
        coap_session_t *session = NULL;
        coap_pdu_t *request = NULL;

        optlist = NULL;
        if (coap_split_uri((const uint8_t *)server_uri, strlen(server_uri), &uri) == -1) {
            ESP_LOGE(TAG, "CoAP server uri error");
            break;
        }

        if ((uri.scheme==COAP_URI_SCHEME_COAPS && !coap_dtls_is_supported()) ||
            (uri.scheme==COAP_URI_SCHEME_COAPS_TCP && !coap_tls_is_supported())) {
            ESP_LOGE(TAG, "CoAP server uri scheme error");
            break;
        }

        phostname = (char *)calloc(1, uri.host.length + 1);

        if (phostname == NULL) {
            ESP_LOGE(TAG, "calloc failed");
            continue;
        }

        memcpy(phostname, uri.host.s, uri.host.length);
        memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
        hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
        hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
        if (getaddrinfo(phostname, NULL, &hints, &ainfo) != 0) {
            ESP_LOGE(TAG, "getaddrinfo failed");
            free(phostname);
            vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
            continue;
        }
        free(phostname);

        coap_address_init(&src_addr);

        if (ainfo->ai_family == AF_INET) {
            struct sockaddr_in *p = (struct sockaddr_in *)ainfo->ai_addr;
            inet_ntop(AF_INET, &p->sin_addr, addr_str, sizeof(addr_str));
            ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Resolve the IP address is IPV4, %s",addr_str);
            src_addr.addr.sin.sin_family      = AF_INET;
            src_addr.addr.sin.sin_port        = htons(0);
            src_addr.addr.sin.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
        } else if (ainfo->ai_family == AF_INET6) {
            struct sockaddr_in6 *p = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)ainfo->ai_addr;
            inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &p->sin6_addr, addr_str, sizeof(addr_str));
            ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Resolve the IP address is IPV6, %s",addr_str);
            struct in6_addr if_inaddr = { 0 };
            struct ip6_addr if_ipaddr = { 0 };
            src_addr.addr.sin6.sin6_port   = htons(0);
            src_addr.addr.sin6.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
            src_addr.size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
            bzero(&src_addr.addr.sin6.sin6_addr.un, sizeof(src_addr.addr.sin6.sin6_addr.un));
            tcpip_adapter_get_ip6_linklocal(TCPIP_ADAPTER_IF_STA, &if_ipaddr);
            inet6_addr_from_ip6addr(&if_inaddr, &if_ipaddr);
            src_addr.addr.sin6.sin6_addr = if_inaddr;
        } else {
            ESP_LOGI(TAG, "ai_family is error %d", ainfo->ai_family);
            goto clean_up;
        }

        if (uri.path.length) {
            buflen = BUFSIZE;
            buf = _buf;
            res = coap_split_path(uri.path.s, uri.path.length, buf, &buflen);

            while (res--) {
                coap_insert_optlist(&optlist,
                    coap_new_optlist(COAP_OPTION_URI_PATH,
                    coap_opt_length(buf),
                    coap_opt_value(buf)));

                buf += coap_opt_size(buf);
            }
        }

        if (uri.query.length) {
            buflen = BUFSIZE;
            buf = _buf;
            res = coap_split_query(uri.query.s, uri.query.length, buf, &buflen);

            while (res--) {
                coap_insert_optlist(&optlist,
                    coap_new_optlist(COAP_OPTION_URI_QUERY,
                    coap_opt_length(buf),
                    coap_opt_value(buf)));

                buf += coap_opt_size(buf);
            }
        }

        ctx = coap_new_context(NULL);
        if (!ctx) {
           ESP_LOGE(TAG, "coap_new_context() failed");
           goto clean_up;
        }

        coap_address_init(&dst_addr);
        dst_addr.size = ainfo->ai_addrlen;
        memcpy(&dst_addr.addr, ainfo->ai_addr, ainfo->ai_addrlen);
        if (ainfo->ai_family == AF_INET6) {
            dst_addr.addr.sin6.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
            dst_addr.addr.sin6.sin6_port   = htons(uri.port);
        } else {
            dst_addr.addr.sin.sin_family   = AF_INET;
            dst_addr.addr.sin.sin_port     = htons(uri.port);
        }

        session = coap_new_client_session(ctx, &src_addr, &dst_addr,
           uri.scheme==COAP_URI_SCHEME_COAP_TCP ? COAP_PROTO_TCP :
           uri.scheme==COAP_URI_SCHEME_COAPS_TCP ? COAP_PROTO_TLS :
           uri.scheme==COAP_URI_SCHEME_COAPS ? COAP_PROTO_DTLS : COAP_PROTO_UDP);
        if (!session) {
           ESP_LOGE(TAG, "coap_new_client_session() failed");
           goto clean_up;
        }

        coap_register_response_handler(ctx, message_handler);

        request = coap_new_pdu(session);
        if (!request) {
           ESP_LOGE(TAG, "coap_new_pdu() failed");
           goto clean_up;
        }
        request->type = COAP_MESSAGE_CON;
        request->tid = coap_new_message_id(session);
        request->code = COAP_REQUEST_GET;
        coap_add_optlist_pdu(request, &optlist);

        resp_wait = 1;
        coap_send(session, request);

        wait_ms = COAP_DEFAULT_TIME_SEC * 1000;

        while (resp_wait) {
            int result = coap_run_once(ctx, wait_ms > 1000 ? 1000 : wait_ms);
            if (result >= 0) {
               if (result >= wait_ms) {
                  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "select timeout");
                  break;
               } else {
                  wait_ms -= result;
               }
            }
        }
clean_up:
        if (optlist) {
            coap_delete_optlist(optlist);
            optlist = NULL;
        }
        if (session) coap_session_release(session);
        if (ctx) coap_free_context(ctx);
        coap_cleanup();
        freeaddrinfo(ainfo);
        /* Only send the request off once */
        break;
    }

    vTaskDelete(NULL);
}

void app_main(void)
{
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK( nvs_flash_init() );
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_netif_init());
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_loop_create_default());

    /* This helper function configures Wi-Fi or Ethernet, as selected in menuconfig.
     * Read "Establishing Wi-Fi or Ethernet Connection" section in
     * examples/protocols/README.md for more information about this function.
     */
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(example_connect());

    xTaskCreate(coap_example_task, "coap", 5 * 1024, NULL, 5, NULL);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Billionaire's Row is headed for its first foreclosure.
The dubious distinction is going to a stunning apartment on the 56th floor of 157 W. 57th St. — the city's first "billionaire's building," which is home to the Big Apple's only $100 million condo.
"This is the first high-end condo to go into foreclosure," said Kashy Eyn, of Platinum Properties, who is listing the property with Cash Bernard.
A mystery buyer who shielded his identity behind an LLC, Central Park Immobilier, bought the unit for $21.4 million in 2015. It is now on the market for $22.5 million — where it has agonizingly lingered for the past 547 days, according to Streeteasy.com.
There is now a lien on the property for $20.9 million "plus interest and costs," and a foreclosure auction is slated for June 14, according to Property Shark.
"We rarely see luxury condos up for auction, let alone in such an exclusive building as One57, home to the city's most expensive condo ever sold," a Property Shark spokesman said.
The four-bedroom, 4½-bathroom unit is 3,466 square feet with a windowed, eat-in kitchen and a Central Park-facing master suite.
Only about 30 residential properties in Manhattan have been slated for the first time to go to foreclosure auction during the first quarter of 2017, said Property Shark's Nancy Jorisch.
One57 was funded by a subsidiary of an Abu Dhabi company linked to a $7 billion global money-laundering investigation, The Post revealed last year.


Article 1 of the Law of 1991/01/01 approved water and wastewater companies, water and wastewater company in Bushehr province, 1992/04/01, registration number 849 was formed.
Theme and purpose is to make urban water distribution installations and facilities associated with the collection, transmission and wastewater treatment facilities as well as the operation of municipal water and wastewater facilities in the area is in the province.
The main center of the city of Bushehr and the service area is the area of law in the province.
Capital of twenty million rials (20/000/000) Rails is divided into one hundred shares in the name of the tender and its contribution to water and wastewater engineering 45 companies, 49 shares of Bushehr province on behalf of municipalities and 6 its contribution to the investment company Satkap belongs.


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text:
Karpov lands tomorrow in Valencia for the games with Kasparov
Karpov will train with Victor Bologan for the match
Anatoly Karpov is landing today at 21:00 CET in Valencia. He is coming several weeks prior to the match with Kasparov to accommodate, enjoy the city, and prepare for the historical clash.
Karpov will be in Valencia with a team of seconds. The name of Victor Bologan, winner of more than 40 international tournaments and U20 USSR champion, was revealed by the Russian GM.
Karpov comes to the match with a slightly negative balance of the results against Kasparov: five titles for the World's Champion Title, with a balance of 19 victories, 21 losses and 104 draw. Still, Anatoly Karpov is highly determined to take the victory in Valencia, and later on to look for the victory in Paris.
Kasparov and Karpov share the same opinion. Both confirmed in front of the organizers that they are taking the rematch "with the same dedication as if it were the legendary final from 25 years ago."
More about the match
The first news of the match in English
The video of the match
Kasparov – Karpov in Paris
The official site
Kasparov and Karpov are still not talking to each other?
"25 years after the match, Kasparov and Karpov are still not talking to each other", say the organizers from "Valencia cuna del ajedrez Moderno". The two Ks do not want to see each other before the match and they will be using different hotels during their stay in Valencia. Karpov will be in Puerta del Mar, while Kasparov in Valencia Palace.
The cars with which they will arrive to the playing venue will be the same. However, they will stop in front of different entrances.
One of the requirements of the two players is to use different elevators to climb to the playing hall of Palau de Arte.
Stay tuned for more details on Chessdom.com!


The Itty Bitty Kitty Committee: Oh, Baby! Take a Look at this Little Lady!!
Oh, Baby! Take a Look at this Little Lady!!
Tiny Tux number two completes this itty-bitty family.
And EEEK, let me tell you, they are SWEET!
Such pretty blue eyes! I bet Ms. Bean is glad to have a little litter to supervise after the last big rambunctious (but adorable) crew!
We're going to need a new edition of "How I Tell my Brothers Apart," by Tressa Lovejoy!
Isn't it funny how, even though they are so alike, the itty bitty girl tuxie looks girlie and her brother is such a guy! And then there's the little jelly bean!
Oh yes, a black and white batch! My favorite!!!
I believe they're sweet - they look sweet... and adorable as all get out!!
Three little teenie weenie blue eyed beanies! I am in love!
Why hello, little miss! You're so itty bitty! You have no idea all the fun that awaits you on the other side of that quarantine door!
Don't mess with (tiny) tuxes! And their Jellybean brother!
On second thought...Fred and Gene?
Oh, so lovely Miss Tuxie Girl, you are delectable!
You three have won the kitten lottery!
Holy Cannoli! These itty bittys are awesomesauce to infinity! I am in love! I want them all!
what little snuggle bunnies!!!! But that little black jelly bean....to die for!
Miss Tiny Tux is totally channeling Marlene Dietrich, to impossibly classy effect.
Soooo prissy and sweet! Keep your brother in line, dear!
Somebody presses her tux before wearing it, while somebody else is rather messy putting his on! But they are both adorable.
I could just put her pocket - she is so adorable!!
So sweet! I love tuxies!
So sweet! I hope their last name is Bond, that would be adorable.
She is so cute! And this is the first IBKC litter of 3 yet, isn't it?
how is it possible that the very EXACT cat that we are looking for is so very close but, so beyond our reach. its just not fair. she is gorgeous!
Too, too precious!! Tuxies and tiny black jelly beans are my absolute favorite kitties. How wonderful that Charlene gets a rest and then a sweet little herd.
Wait, what!? What did I miss? A sweet new kitteh, obviously!


text:
Browse CQ Press
A to Z Series
Congress and the Nation
Federal Regulatory Guide
Guides to American Government
Political Handbook of the World
Supreme Court Compendium
Washington Information Directory
Principles of International Politics
Bruce Bueno de Mesquita, who set the standard for the scientific approach to international relations, has returned with a reformulated fifth edition based on extensive reviewer feedback and newly guided by an emphasis on questions about the causes and consequences of war, peace, and world order. More than ever before, the strategic perspective in international relations is examined with complete clarity, precision, and accessibility. What hasn't changed is Bueno de Mesquita's commitment to covering the fundamentals of IR. The foundational topics are all given sustained treatment: the major theories of war, the domestic sources of international politics, the democratic peace, the problems of terrorism, the role of foreign aid, democratization, international political economy, globalization, international organizations and law, human rights, and the global environment. Â ...
Chapter 5: Why War? The Big Picture
Bruce Bueno de Mesquita
In:Principles of International Politics
Subject:International Relations (general)
[Page 165]
Why War? The Big Picture
The age-old conflict between Israelis and Palestinians was exacerbated by the establishment of the state of Israel following World War II, and a peaceful resolution seems unlikely to many worldwide. Evidence of the violence, such as these buildings destroyed in Israeli airstrikes in the Rafah refugee camp in the southern Gaza Strip in January 2009, is apparent throughout the region, and although the United Nations and other international organizations have called for a cease-fire, neither side appears willing to step back.
This chapter investigates the major structural theories of war: neorealism and the power transition school of thought.
War is generally inefficient compared to reaching a negotiated settlement. The risks of war may be exacerbated by ...
An Introduction to Game Theory
Domestic Theories of War1
Mesquita, B. (2014). Why war? the big picture. In Principles of international politics (pp. 165-204). SAGE Publications, Ltd, https://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781506374550.n5
Mesquita, Bruce Bueno de. "Why War? The Big Picture." In Principles of International Politics, Fifth Edition, 165-204. 55 City Road, London: SAGE Publications, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781506374550.n5.
Mesquita, B. 2014. Why War? The Big Picture. In: 2014. Principles of International Politics, Fifth Edition edn, 55 City Road, London: SAGE Publications, Ltd. pp. 165-204 Available at: <http://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781506374550.n5> [Accessed 21 Jan 2021].
Mesquita, Bruce Bueno de. "Why War? The Big Picture." Principles of International Politics.Fifth Edition ed 55 City Road: SAGE Publications, Ltd, 2014, pp. 165-204. SAGE Knowledge. 21 Jan 2021, doi: http://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781506374550.n5.
Link to this page directly with a permalink: http://sk.sagepub.com/cqpress/principles-of-international-politics-fifth-edition/i614.xml
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text:
AppAgg
AppAgg Alternatives
AppAgg is described as 'All apps and games in one place!' and is a App Discovery Service in the Development category. There are more than 50 alternatives to AppAgg for a variety of platforms, including Online / Web-based, Android, Android Tablet, iPhone and iPad. The best alternative is Google Play Store, which is free. Other great apps like AppAgg are Softpedia (Free), FileHippo (Free), Aptoide (Free) and APKPure (Free).
This page was last updated Jan 5, 2022
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In the city, the combination of its callings and its seaside, commercial and tourism is patently clear. The city's origins are related to Portus Victoriae (Victoria Port ) founded by the Romans.
The legend says that the decapited heads of Saint Emeterious and San Celedonius came from Calahorra, avoiding the Moslem advance. They entered by the bay in a boat and crossed over a rock, the current Horadada Island, in order to be placed on Somorrostro Hill ( the current location of the Cathedral and Church of Christ). The current city name, Santander, originates from the Latin name of Saint Emeterius.
The capital's urban development would not start until the 11th century, when the town began to grow, protected by the Abbey of the Holy Bodies founded by Alfonso II, the Chaste, during the 8th century. At the beginning of the 13th century, the construction of the main church began in the same place as the previous ones.
By the 18th and 19th century, the city had become a key commercial port for the maritime routes between Castile and the American colonies, thanks to the opening of the path to Castile.
Starting in the mid-19th century, Santander became one of the most exclusive summer tourism destination of the peninsula's northern coast. A series of tourism initiatives promoted the city's beaches in the court and led to the creation of the Sardinero city-spa, which became the favourite holiday destination of the Spanish Royal family and high society of the kingdom's capital. In 1908, the city gave the Magdalena Palace to King Alfonso XIII.


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SC GOP gov hopefuls: Job hunting overhaul needed
JIM DAVENPORT|Associated Press Writer
The four Republicans who want to replace South Carolina Gov. Mark Sanford agree on two things: The economic development agency their predecessor ran is in need of an overhaul, and the state needs more tax breaks for business.
U.S. Rep. Gresham Barrett, Lt. Gov. Andre Bauer, state Rep. Nikki Haley and Attorney General Henry McMaster all find shortcomings in Sanford's two terms that they say they'll fix with vigilant job and industry recruiting for the state.
Despite the state Commerce Department's respectable record in generating jobs, Sanford has weathered criticism for disparaging the state's incentive program, the perception he is not involved in recruiting and for record-breaking unemployment.
"As governor, what I would do is announce vigorously that we're open for business — that this is going to be the most business friendly place in the country," McMaster said during one of a series of candidate interviews conducted by The Associated Press over the past month.
The Republicans running in the June 8 primary diverge from the term-limited Sanford in their support of incentives aimed at luring industry to the state. They also all back cutting the corporate income tax to keep business robust.
Their tax cut ideas are straight out of the GOP playbook in some cases and innovative in others — such as producing biodiesel and selling it at a discount to container ships calling on the state's ports.
Few issues are more important than patching the state's economy and spurring growth in jobs with decent pay.
South Carolina had the nation's 6th-worst unemployment ranking in March at 12.2 percent. Household median incomes are more than $7,300 below the national average, and nearly 16 percent of the state's 4.5 million residents live in poverty.
Barrett says restructuring the Commerce Department and incentives to win industry are needed, including hiring an expert in business recruitment on a performance-based contract. "A man or woman that understands if they do good, they keep their job; if not, we're going to put somebody in there that does," said Barrett, a 49-year-old, three-term lawmaker.
Bauer, a 41-year-old real estate investor from Greer in his second term, said he'd be at the center of recruiting businesses. "Number one, you would see me less than any other governor," he said, noting nearly two dozen trips abroad tied to trade and other efforts. "Nobody has to train me, while the rest of them have no idea about it."
Haley, a 38-year-old accountant and three-term legislator from Lexington, says the commerce secretary she'll appoint will make sure companies brought to the state create jobs and benefit existing businesses. "It has to do both. It has to be twofold," she said.
Sanford's commerce secretaries have both been real estate business owners, but McMaster vowed to take a different approach.
"He needs to be a technician who knows how to throw elbows against the whole rest of the country as well as the rest of the world. But he also needs to be a respected figure, either by having done that successfully or for some other reason," said McMaster, a 62-year-old Columbia lawyer in his second term.
McMaster said he sees job creation flowing from expanded research university operations, business incubators, biofuels and biotechnology. But he said the state also needs to do more with traditional skills, including training welders for the nuclear power plants that utilities plan to build and nurses to deal with a persistent shortage that has health care providers recruiting those professionals from other states.
McMaster also notes that property taxes on manufacturing equipment are among the highest in the nation.
Bauer takes the biofuels bent further. He says the state should encourage biodiesel manufacturing with crops South Carolina farmers would grow. The fuel could be marketed to container ship operators calling on the state's ports and sold for less than diesel. "We say, 'Come burn this clean fuel, come buy it in South Carolina. We'll cut you a break on what your fuel costs are.'"
Bauer also said he wants to eliminate corporate taxes for alternative energy companies that move to the state. "To me, it's an image changer for South Carolina," Bauer said.
Tax breaks are a common thread for the Republicans to varying degrees.
Barrett, for instance, said he wants them to be fairer, flatter and encouraging business growth. But he wouldn't commit to a specific tax break, saying the state's problems now are piecemeal tax law changes.
Haley said she wants a complete tax structure overhaul. "We need to make sure that the first thing we do is eliminate the small business income tax. Because when you give businesses cash flow, when you give them a profit margin, the first thing they do is hire people," Haley said.


Since 1973, a research project on webs for cold-formed steel flexural members has been conducted at the University of Missouri-Rolla under the sponsorship of American Iron and Steel Institute. This study deals with the structural behavior of beam webs subjected to bending stress, shear stress, combined bending and shear, web crippling and the effect of bending on web crippling load. In addition, it includes a study of beam webs reinforced by either transverse or longitudinal stiffeners. This report presents the research findings on longitudinally reinforced cold-formed steel beam webs. The results obtained from the study of beam webs subjected to other types of stress and the combinations thereof are presented in some other reports of the University of MissouriRolla referred to in the bibliography.
© 1978 Missouri University of Science and Technology, All rights reserved.
Yu, Wei-wen and Phung, Nguyen, "Webs for cold formed steel flexural members structural behavior of longitudinally reinforced beam webs" (1978). Center for Cold-Formed Steel Structures Library. 29.


What do you think is inside this Truck?
Cleaning was one of the first ideas.
I went to the Majora Carter Group center in the Bronx (http://www.majoracartergroup.com/) and purchased a few dog poop few signs. Perviously, I saw a few signs in the Hunts Point area of the Bronx and took the phone number (718-874-4313) listed at the bottom of the sign to see if I could start the same thing in my neighborhood.
They were super eager to post signs throughout the neighborhood.
I personally think they liked the opportunity to tell their community what to do.
An entire week was dedicated to talking about Dog Poop in the neighborhood. We read Dog books together as a class and even made up dog songs!
Lastly, we took care of the Mary Mitchell Center.
Yep, people let their dogs poop near the center and don't clean it up.
We try to post the signs on poles and not the trees.
Joi wasn't going to let her height stop her from posting a sign!


Wonderful treasures are kept here. Turnings with tops are called boxes. This episode explores the art of turning boxes for all skill levels. Turner Barry Todd shares a new idea!
Bob Ross paints an inviting scene with snow covered mountains, a glass-like lake and towering trees reflected in the lake below.
A journey to the land of the rising sun to discover a fascinating ancient culture : the tattoo. Getting a tattoo can take months even years depending on the tattoo desired.This traditional technique is very painful. The designs printed on the body are symbols of strength and courage. This art is the exclusivity of few masters who perpetuate a tradition of excellence. Master Nakamura is one of the last tattoo artists in Japan using the brush technique and the legendary master Horriochi III known worldwide. We also show the production of the special ink 'Izumi' used to create masterpieces on the human body. The only plant manufacturing this natural based ink with the same technique for over 200 years.
A rotating compilation of music videos featuring diverse talents of Native American & World Indigenous cultures. Different genres such as hip hop, rap, dance, rock, and many more are feautured on the AUX.
1.500 years ago, the great Chinese poet, Tao Yian Ming, wrote the poem 'The Garden of The Peach Tree Flowers' For centuries people has been searching where this magical place was, without any success. Now we've found it. Qian Anhua is a millionaire businessman of new China. Philosopher, poet, musician, daring, extravagant and unorthodox. He lives with the obsession that the workers of his textile colony must be also happy. For this boosts activities for them beyond work. His philosophy of life, inspired by the master Confucius, seeks harmony between work and personal, combines production and entertainment equal parts. Now Qian has found something extraordinary to offer them. An old tradition coming from Southern Europe? The visit to the Shanghai World Expo 2010 gave him the solution. There he saw something that would change his life and that of his textile factory workers. It seemed an impossible figure, something extraordinary: a human tower nine levels high, supported by the strength of dozens of people at the base. They are called 'castells' (castles) and is a southern European tradition, from Catalonia. The technical values of strength and balance and, above all, solidarity seduce Qian and he decides to import it into his factory. For three years, at the end of the work turn, workers of the colony meet to raise human castles. And they do it very well, they already reach seven levels. They are the 'Xiquets' of Hangzhou, the only 'casteller' group of Asia and the world practically, outside Spain. Now Qian has proposed a challenge to them, train hard in order to participate as the only foreign "colla" (group) in the 'castells' World most important competition, to be held in Tarragona in October 2014. If they succeed, they will make History.


Let us help you refine your branding. Custom product labeling can give your product that final touch it needs to set it apart from the rest. We offer the finest in woven and printed labeling options in wide variety of materials.
Screen printed tags are an affordable quick option to brand your products for retail.
We offer full service retail ready folding and bagging options for your products. Weather you need 24 pieces or 10,000 we can help prep your products for launch. Let us know how you want it and we can deliver.


A diagnosis of chronic kidney disease is based in part on detection of which of the following?
Symmetic dimethylarginine (SDMA) is a better estimate of glomerular filtration rate than serum creatinine for which of the following reasons?
Primary staging of chronic kidney disease under the International Renal Interest Society guidelines is based on which of the following?
Which of the following drugs is a safe and effective anti-emetic for long term use in cats with chronic kidney disease?
Which of the following interventions is proven to improve longevity and quality of life for cats with chronic kidney disease?


text:
package com.example.slideexpandlistview.expandListView;

import android.database.DataSetObserver;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.ListAdapter;
import android.widget.WrapperListAdapter;

/**
 * Implementation of a WrapperListAdapter interface
 * in which each method delegates to the wrapped adapter.
 *
 * Extend this class if you only want to change a
 * few methods of the wrapped adapter.
 *
 * The wrapped adapter is available to subclasses as the "wrapped" field.
 *
 * @author tjerk
 * @date 6/9/12 4:41 PM
 */
public abstract class WrapperListAdapterImpl extends BaseAdapter implements WrapperListAdapter {
	protected ListAdapter wrapped;

	public WrapperListAdapterImpl(ListAdapter wrapped) {
		this.wrapped = wrapped;
	}

	@Override
	public ListAdapter getWrappedAdapter() {
		return wrapped;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean areAllItemsEnabled() {
		return wrapped.areAllItemsEnabled();
	}

	@Override
	public boolean isEnabled(int i) {
		return wrapped.isEnabled(i);
	}

	@Override
	public void registerDataSetObserver(DataSetObserver dataSetObserver) {
		wrapped.registerDataSetObserver(dataSetObserver);
	}

	@Override
	public void unregisterDataSetObserver(DataSetObserver dataSetObserver) {
		wrapped.unregisterDataSetObserver(dataSetObserver);
	}

	@Override
	public int getCount() {
		return wrapped.getCount();
	}

	@Override
	public Object getItem(int i) {
		return wrapped.getItem(i);
	}

	@Override
	public long getItemId(int i) {
		return wrapped.getItemId(i);
	}

	@Override
	public boolean hasStableIds() {
		return wrapped.hasStableIds();
	}

	@Override
	public View getView(int position, View view, ViewGroup viewGroup) {
		return wrapped.getView(position, view, viewGroup);
	}

	@Override
	public int getItemViewType(int i) {
		return wrapped.getItemViewType(i);
	}

	@Override
	public int getViewTypeCount() {
		return wrapped.getViewTypeCount();
	}

	@Override
	public boolean isEmpty() {
		return wrapped.isEmpty();
	}
}


In Cardinal Ratzinger's booklet, Letter to the Bishops of the Catholic Church on Some Aspects of Christian Meditation , he quotes the Pope. On p. 34, footnote 12, he writes "Pope John Paul II has pointed out to the whole Church the example and doctrine of St. Teresa of Avila who in her life had to reject the temptation of certain methods which proposed a leaving aside of the humanity of Christ in favor of a vague self-immersion in the abyss of divinity. In a homily given on November 1, 1982, he said that the call of St. Teresa of Jesus advocating a prayer completely centered on Christ "is valid even in our day, against some methods of prayer which are not inspired by the gospel and which in practice tend to set Christ aside in preference for a mental void which makes no sense in Christianity. Any method of prayer is valid insofar as it is inspired by Christ and leads to Christ who is the Way, the Truth, and the Life" [(cf. John 14:6). See Homilia Abulae habita in honorem Sanctae Teresiae: AAS 75 (1983) 256-257].
So if we want to focus, we can center our lives on Jesus Christ; if we want to pray, we can think about, and mostly be with Him during our prayer time. We can meditate on the Passion, practice virtues, and ask Him to take us up into authentic contemplation one day, if He so desires. We can remind ourselves and others that Jesus, is, the Way, the Truth, and the Life.
"The drama of prayer is fully revealed to us in the Word who became flesh and dwells among us. To seek to understand his prayer through what his witnesses proclaim to us in the Gospel is to approach the holy Lord Jesus as Moses approached the burning bush: first to contemplate him in prayer, then to hear how he teaches us to pray, in order to know how he hears our prayer" Catechism of the Catholic Church 2598 . The Quies PCLC are guided in their prayer life by the model of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, in his prayer to the Father. As such, we aim to live a life of sustained prayer of the heart, as both Jesus modeled and as the Carthusian tradition has taken as its guide. Life in the cell, whether in the Charterhouse, or in the open world for a PCLC, in the inner sanctum of the heart, is guided by repose: to abide in Him from whom we receive our being. That this is our starting point and our aim, means that we invite to distinguish the prayer of the heart from, for example, syncretically inspired efforts which appear divergent to the spiritual path in accordance with Saint Bruno. We encourage and support growth in intimate relational prayer, in silence and solitude, and aim to aid all those in our fellowship to expand in this ancient form of Christian prayer that, as we say, must be distinguished from contemporary, even if popular, movements.


Provider of electrical engineering services. The company offers various electrical engineering services such as installations, maintenance and fault fixing for industrial and commercial customers.
This information is reserved for PitchBook Platform users. To explore Elektro Pizol's full profile, request access.


This is the acceptable use policy, which, together with our terms of website use, sets out the terms under which we Jessica Dornieden LTD, 10871798, 100 Crompton Road, Macclesfield, SK11 8EB allow you to use our site jessicadornieden.com ("site") whether you are a visitor or a registered user. All enquiries should be directed to team@jessicadornieden.com. Please read the terms of this policy carefully, as by using our site you indicate that you agree to comply with and be bound by them.
Any breach of this acceptable use policy will be dealt with in the same way as breach of our terms of website use , and we reserve the right to take any other action we reasonably deem appropriate, including restricting your use of our site and/or taking legal action against you. We are not liable for any loss or damage caused by any breach of this acceptable use policy.


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2012 Water Catchment News
December 9, 2012 Everyone lives in a Watershed – Find out what's happening along the Llano At HCA, we prefer the term "Water Catchment Area". Many great water catchment area planning projects are in the works around the Hill Country. The Upper Llano partnership includes residents in Edwards, Kerr, Kimble, Menard, Real, and Sutton counties who recognize their "obligation to future generations to maintain the health of the Upper Llano Watershed. Read more about this project here. Find out more about…
2012 Water Quality News
December 4, 2012 Wimberley considers wastewater discharge The Wimberley City Council is hosting a meeting Wednesday, December 5th at 6 pm to consider public input about wastewater discharge into Deer Creek. Wimberley creeks flow to the Blanco, which recharges the Edwards Aquifer. Infrastructure decisions about water and roads have long term consequences. Healthy natural resources, flowing clean waters and scenic beauty are all essential components of the Wimberley economy. Helpful resources about water quality in the Hill Country including other debated discharge…
2012 Water Planning News
December 17, 2012 Behind the scary water headlines It's hard to look at any media in Texas today without being confronted by a dire outlook on the state's water future. The jarring effects of a deep drought and the steep price tag attached to the state's water plan definitely make for attention-grabbing copy. But for those who care about sustainable management of our limited water resources, property rights and fiscal discipline in the state budget, it's worth a look behind…
2012 Water Conservation News
December 9, 2012 Water Conservation Matters – even with no drought What Mike says to San Angelo can apply throughout the Hill Country, "If San Angelo and the region are to continue to survive and prosper economically and if Texas is to be sustainable with its limited water resources, then residents must learn to conserve water all the time — not just in drought situations." Learn More September 26, 2012 SAWS to Take Water Conservation Outside: Just Say "NO" to Automatic…
December 9, 2012 Water Conservation Matters – even with no drought What Mike says to San Angelo can apply throughout the Hill Country, "If San Angelo and the region are to continue to survive and prosper economically and if Texas is to be sustainable with its limited water resources, then residents must learn to conserve water all the time — not just in drought situations." Learn More November 21, 2012 TWDB Accepting Applications for the 2012 Texas Rain Catcher Award Applications…
2012 Groundwater News
December 12, 2012 In Central Texas, a rush to secure water rights Amid a persistent drought that has rattled Texans about water supplies, cities and investors are jockeying to purchase millions of gallons of underground water and pipe it to rapidly growing communities. More from Statesman.com October 16, 2012 Austin voters to consider water quality protection purchases on November ballot "Development-rights deals keep the land in private hands and typically involve no access to the general public." This is one of…
A fiscal conservative's manifesto against sprawl
"But, while my concern with sprawling growth patterns was rooted in their effect on the landscape, on the environment, and on severely compromised populations left behind, Chuck is all about the money. As Thoughts on Building Strong Towns makes quite clear, Chuck believes that sprawl is a Ponzi scheme and we the taxpayers are the ones left holding the empty bags." More from Kaid Benfield.
August 2012 News Archive
August 28, 2012 Hill Country River and Stream Angler Survey Underway Texas Parks and Wildlife Department's Inland Fisheries Division is partnering with Texas Tech University's Department of Biological Sciences and the TTU Llano River Field Station to conduct a four-month survey of anglers who fish Texas Hill Country rivers and streams. Details August 27, 2012 Groundwater deals may land LCRA in a quagmire With the Aug. 15 announcement that it wanted to purchase 34,000 acres belonging to an aluminum smelting…
July 2012 News Archive
July 30, 2012 Save It for a Sunny Day Hard-packed, fractured stretches of bone-dry earth and pale, cloudless skies with months of unrelenting heat isn't exactly an appropriate backdrop for a conversation about rainwater harvesting. Or is it? Sanjeev Kalaswad, rainwater harvesting coordinator with the Texas Water Development Board and a leading proponent of rainwater harvesting in the state, thinks it's just the right context for enlightening Texans about collecting and storing rainwater.Read more from Texas Co-op Power. July 25,…
June 2012 News Archives
June 25, 2012 EAA Declares Stage 4 for Uvalde Pool The Edwards Aquifer Authority (EAA ), for the first time in its history, has declared Stage IV mandatory pumping reductions for Edwards Aquifer users within the Uvalde Pool (Uvalde County). Read more from AACOG. Life by the Drop: Drought, Water and the Future of Texas Drought may be a part of life in Texas, but last year's crisis left an indelible mark on the state and raised tough questions about…


On what was probably the best weather day yet for 2012, Saturday, April 21st, we held our 3rd annual Create a Commuter workshop with Open Meadow in North Portland. Eleven excited young adults received KHS bicycles, fully outfitted for all weather commuting! They were SUPER excited about the quality of the bikes and the slick fenders, even though they would not be of much use on such a sunny day.
The mission of the Open Meadow Career Services Department is to ensure that all Open Meadow youth reach their long-term career goals by providing access to advanced employment, educational opportunities, and focused training. Their program is designed to provide incremental and continuous support for youth from the time they first define their career goals, through their first employment experience, and on into college and career-track employment. Open Meadow works with low-income youth from middle school through the age of 24. Youth from all around Portland are welcome to apply for admission to their career services programs.
Open Meadow staff began the day with a fully catered lunch and agency announcements for the participants. While they were eating, Community Cycling Center staff and volunteers were unloading the bikes into a secure back patio area behind the building. It was warm and sunny, and there were beautiful trees in full bloom. We oriented the students to our Create a Commuter program and fitted their helmets before we took them outside to see their new bikes. They were overwhelmed with joy when they saw how amazing the bikes were.
We guided the participants through the personal safety check, the bike safety check, and practiced loading bikes onto the Tri-Met rack before heading out on a short ride. Everyone did great, job, even those who had not been on a bicycle in years. We talked about shifting and rules of the road, and then went for a 3-mile ride, including 3 bicycle boulevards, a bike lane, the bluffs off Willamette Boulevard, and a school to practice locking up the bikes.
Thanks to Open Meadow for the great partnership and the great day. We are excited to play a role in helping 11 Open Meadow participants ride their new bikes to their job training program, and eventually to their new jobs!
Pictures by Lee Ann Lawrence.


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Thoughtworks joins as industry collaborator in Data Analytics Career Accelerator
January 11, 2022 - London
Leading global technology consultancy, Thoughtworks, has become the latest employer partner to join the Data Analytics Career Accelerator, a new programme being developed by The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) in collaboration with online education company FourthRev.
Set out as a specific skill in need earlier this year by the UK Government*, there will be an estimated 20 million data analyst roles required by 2025 globally**. This, combined with Thoughtworks' research showing that just 40 percent of CEOs worldwide regard their own knowledge of data strategy as 'good', points to the fact that companies are eager to address the issue.
The six-month career accelerator will train students from a range of different backgrounds and disciplines to develop holistic data analysis skills. It will be designed and developed by expert faculty from LSE's Departments of Statistics and Department of Methodology, in collaboration with leading industry partners to ensure outcomes align with industry demand. The programme will introduce core concepts of data analysis and develop data-handling capabilities.
In the final stage of the Career Accelerator, learners will work directly with an employer to apply the analytical skills that they learn and build their portfolio of evidence. As an industry partner joining the programme, Thoughtworks will provide projects designed to simulate real-world situations and which are focussed on issues that support Thoughtworks' approaches and values. These will allow students to apply their newly acquired knowledge in an authentic business scenario, as well as develop their collaboration and communication skills.
Danilo Sato, Head of Data & AI Services UK at Thoughtworks says:
"Data strategy now sits at the heart of successful digital organizations, and these highly prized data analytics skills are essential to a company's success. We feel fortunate to have the opportunity to collaborate with a university as renowned as LSE. At Thoughtworks, we strive to hire and nurture future-fit talent equipped with the competencies and skills needed to thrive in the digital economy. We believe that a programme of this kind is one step closer to helping both us and other organizations resolve the digital skills gap."
Dr James Abdey, Programme Coordinator and Associate Professorial Lecturer in Statistics at LSE says:
"The powerful combination of expertise from LSE faculty with industry experience is at the heart of the Data Analytics Career Accelerator and we are delighted to welcome Thoughtworks as collaborators on the programme."
While this programme is specific to data analytics, the Career Accelerator model was developed by FourthRev to offer learners a launch pad for careers in the digital economy.
Omar de Silva, Co-Founder of FourthRev notes:
"The collaboration between world-leading universities, tech companies and employers is central to these online programmes. This approach combines the robustness and recognition of a world-leading university education alongside the best job-focused technical education, designed by top industry and employers. Thoughtworks' perspective will help to ensure that course projects meet the expectations of industry."
Visit the programme page to find out more about how this online Data Analytics Career Accelerator sets you up to become an in-demand data analyst.
Unless otherwise stated, the research referenced was carried out online by Maru/Blue in February 2021. It surveyed nearly 1,000 C-Suite decision makers, comprising of CEOs, CIOs and CTOs across 12 countries, all markets where Thoughtworks has a significant market presence and can provide market commentary (USA, UK, Germany, China, Australia, India, Brazil, Singapore, Italy, Romania, Finland and Netherlands) and across seven sectors.
About Thoughtworks
Thoughtworks is a global technology consultancy that integrates strategy, design and engineering to drive digital innovation. We are 10,000+ people strong across 48 offices in 17 countries. Over the last 25+ years, we've delivered extraordinary impact together with our clients by helping them solve complex business problems with technology as the differentiator.
About FourthRev
FourthRev exists to create economic and social value through access to high-growth digital careers. As the original creators of the Career Accelerator model, the company is driven to provide a launchpad for careers in the digital economy. Developed and delivered by world-leading universities, tech companies and employers, Career Accelerators deliver technical, business and human skills underpinned by the quality and rigor of university education. These online programmes aim to accelerate career progression, open direct paths to in-demand jobs and offer opportunities for further learning.
* Quantifying the UK Data Skills Gap, May 18 2022, Uk Government
** Microsoft CELA Data Science and Analytics


Those who are loyal to Southwest Airlines will find that loyalty reciprocated when they become cardholders of the Southwest Rapid Rewards® Premier Business Credit Card. Cardholders enjoy benefits such as double points on any Southwest Airlines purchase as well as on purchases with Rapid Rewards® hotel and car rental partners. You'll also earn one point for every $1 spent on your other purchases, but, let's face it: You're looking at an airline rewards card because your business requires traveling and you're rightfully interested in earning rewards and enjoying perks for all that travel. With that in mind, other airline benefits include no baggage fees, no blackout dates, no seat restrictions and no change fees, plus – and this is big – this card provides a nice boost toward earning that all-important Southwest Companion Pass so that a companion of your choice can travel with you free-of-charge for the remainder of the year in which you earn the reward as well as for the entire calendar year after that.
Your earning toward the Companion Pass gets started with a healthy welcome bonus. Open your account and spend $3,000 in the first three months to receive 60,000 bonus points – that's more than halfway toward the 110,000 points you need to earn the Companion Pass. You will also receive 6,000 bonus points each year after your card anniversary. Though the Southwest Rapid Rewards® Premier Business Credit Card carries a $99 annual fee, the small business owner with plenty of Southwest Airlines travel on the agenda will find the rewards and perks should be plenty to offset that fee.
The welcome bonus gets you more than halfway to earning a Southwest Companion Pass. Spend $3,000 in the first three months to earn 60,000 bonus points.
Your bonus points don't end with the welcome bonus – each year after your card member anniversary you'll receive 6,000 bonus points.
Earn double points for your purchases with Southwest Airlines as well as with Rapid Rewards® hotel and car rental partners.
This card is all about loyalty. Sure, you earn rewards with Rapid Rewards® partners, but if you're looking for a wide open opportunity to earn bonus rewards and redeem those rewards, you'll want to look for a more general rewards card.
What's not to love about the Southwest Rapid Rewards® Premier Business Credit Card? Let's go through those highlights with a bit more detail, starting with fact number one: You're a small business owner. Small business owners need to be prudent with spending and should relish any opportunity to put money back toward their business' bottom line. This card allows for both by offering free employee cards, points earning on employee spending, and easy access to employees' statements so you can track monthly spending habits. These benefits allow you as the business owner to make the right decisions based on company need and not on company financials. If business travel is necessary, reap the rewards via the points you and your employees rack up.
Fact number two: You're a loyal Southwest Airlines customer. As such, you'll not only earn points for future travel, you'll also be on the fast track to that Companion Pass, which, as mentioned above, allows the pass holder to travel with you free for one year (taxes and fees excluded). The 60,000 points you can earn as an intro bonus will put you on the fast track to earning that pass. The bonus points also stack nicely with your monthly spending, letting you sink them back into your business or use them to enhance your personal time. There are no foreign transaction fees, no change fees, no baggage fees, and best of all no blackout dates or expiration on all the points you earn.
The Southwest Rapid Rewards® Premier Business Credit Card isn't for everyone. If you don't travel very often using Southwest Airlines or Rapid Rewards® hotel and car rental partners, many of the perks and bonuses could be out of reach. In that case, you might want to look for a card that doesn't have an annual fee or that offers cash-back rewards instead. You could also look for a more general travel rewards credit card, specifically one with more flexibility and less brand loyalty.
The Southwest Rapid Rewards® Premier Business Credit Card and the Capital One® Spark® Miles for Business credit card both offer double rewards, but Chase's Southwest card only offers it on brand-loyal purchases, including the airline as well as those with hotel and car rental partners. Capital One offers the double rewards on every purchase. If you're in search of bonus rewards points: The Capital One® Spark® Miles for Business credit card has a one-time welcome offer of 50,000 bonus miles when you spend $4,500 in the first three months of opening your account. Southwest Rapid Rewards® Premier Business Credit Card welcomes you with 60,000 bonus points after you spend $3,000 in your first three months with the account. The Southwest points are worth differing amounts depending on when and where you travel.
Neither card has expiration dates on rewards and both charge an annual fee. The Capital One card, however, does waive that fee for the first year. If you're loyal to Southwest Airlines, go with Chase; if you're just looking for the better deal and don't care about brands, go with Capital One.
Both the Southwest Rapid Rewards® Premier Business Credit Card and American Express® Business Gold Card offer higher point earnings for travel purchases, but the American Express card definitely kicks it up a notch.
To start, the American Express® Business Gold Card offers new cardholders 35,000 Membership Rewards® points once spending $5,000 on eligible purchases within the first three months of card membership. It also offers 4x Membership Rewards® points on the two select categories where your business spends the most each month. (4X points apply to the first $150,000 in combined purchases from these 2 categories each calendar year.) You also get 25% points back after you use points for all or part of an eligible flight booked with Amex Travel, up to 250,000 points back per calendar year. Plus: up to 1 year free on a subscription to both G Suite Basic for up to 3 users and ZipRecruiter Standard, a combined value get up to $3,200. There is also a flexible payment option that can help manage cash flow on purchases of $100 or more. Access expense management tools: Connect to Quickbooks, access SpendManager℠, receive a Year-End Summary, and more.
It all sounds great, and it is, but you also need to consider where your needs actually are. If you know you prefer to fly Southwest Airlines, you'll benefit a great deal from the Southwest card and you'll be paying a much lower annual fee to do it. The annual fee is $295 for the American Express® Business Gold Card (Terms apply. See Rates and Fees).
If, however, you're a big spender business owner who will max out those bonus categories each year, the American Express card could be the way to go.
Both the Southwest Rapid Rewards® Premier Business Credit Card and the CitiBusiness® / AAdvantage® Platinum Select® World Mastercard® offer brand-specific bonus rewards, but the Citi card takes those bonus rewards a step further (Citi is a CardRatings advertiser). The Southwest Rapid Rewards® Premier Business Credit Card rewards card members with double points for every $1 spent with Southwest Airlines and with its Rapid Rewards® hotel and car rental partners. The CitiBusiness® / AAdvantage® Platinum Select® World Mastercard® offers double the miles on your American Airlines purchases, as well on your purchases with telecommunications merchants, cable and satellite providers, car rental merchants and at gas stations. With that in mind, if you're looking for a bit more diversity with your rewards earning, the CitiBusiness® / AAdvantage® Platinum Select® World Mastercard® could be a better choice.
The two cards have similar welcome offers: The Southwest Rapid Rewards® Premier Business Credit Card offers 60,000 bonus rewards points after spending $3,000 in the first three months of account opening. For a limited time, the CitiBusiness® / AAdvantage® Platinum Select® World Mastercard® offers 70,000 bonus miles after spending $4,000 in the first four months. The annual fees are the same, but CitiBusiness® / AAdvantage® Platinum Select® World Mastercard® waives the fee for the first 12 months (it's $99 after that). Southwest Airlines, in general, doesn't charge baggage fees, and the CitiBusiness® / AAdvantage® Platinum Select® World Mastercard® allows you and up to four traveling companions to check your first bags for free on domestic itineraries. With this comparison, it comes down to brand loyalty: Do you choose Southwest Airlines or American Airlines?
The best applicant for the Southwest Rapid Rewards® Premier Business Credit Card is a person who travels using Southwest Airlines often and knows they will spend enough to earn that Companion Pass. If you are a frequent business traveler, or require employee business travel, you are also well-suited for this card. It won't take long to achieve the thresholds needed for some very attractive perks. Internationally or domestically, there are few fees and plenty of miles to earn.