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Palmer's Greensboro Legacy
by Mike Purkey
The King's Affinity for Greensboro
The first ACC golf tournament was staged in 1954 at Old Town Club and was won by Arnold Palmer, who had re-entered Wake Forest after a three year hitch in the Coast Guard. Palmer had withdrawn from school, despondent about the death of his close friend and Wake teammate Buddy Worsham.
Worsham was responsible for Palmer being at Wake Forest. Worsham was a prized recruit and before entering school asked athletic director Jim Weaver if he could bring along a friend. Weaver wanted to know if that friend could play golf and Worsham assured the AD that Palmer could, indeed, play.
With Palmer and Worsham as the anchors, Wake Forest won three Southern Conference championships. Palmer won the ACC individual title in 1948 and 1949 and was the NCAA individual winner in 1950.
On October 14, 1950, Worsham and teammate Gene Scheer went to the Wake Forest homecoming dance in Durham after Palmer and Jim Flick turned them down, going to a movie instead. That night, a one-car wreck killed Worsham and Scheer.
Palmer left Wake Forest after the 1954 ACC Championship without graduating, heading instead to a career on the PGA
Tour. When he started having success as a professional, he endowed the Buddy Worsham Scholarship at Wake Forest in 1963. Years later, Palmer endowed another scholarship in his own name and went on to endow six more scholarships
at Wake. But the Worsham Scholarship remains the most prestigious.
The Greater Greensboro Open tournament became important to Palmer. He played it 13 times, even coming to Greensboro during the years the tournament was played the week before the Masters, when most big-name players skipped the event to get ready for Augusta.
Palmer always said he had an affinity for Greensboro and the GGO, drawn to Sedgefield because of the memories of his old friend and teammate, Worsham. And as if playing in the event was not enough to boost the fortunes and galleries of the GGO, he once called in a big favor and got his friend Bob Hope to come to Greensboro and play in the pro-am.
In 1965, Palmer agreed to attend the first Champions Dinner. While flying to town, he encountered bad weather preventing his landing in Greensboro. He could land in Charlotte but would need a ride to Greensboro. Jim Melvin, Greensboro's mayor at the time, convinced the Highway Patrol to pick up Palmer at the Charlotte airport and race him to Greensboro. And race they did: They made it to the dinner in an astounding 45 minutes.
Palmer never won the GGO, coming close in 1972 when he had a two-shot lead with three holes to play. A triple-bogey
coming in thwarted his chances. But that hole on his resume doesn't diminish what Palmer meant to Greensboro and the tournament now known as the Wyndham Championship.
Last August, the Wyndham installed a plaque dedicated to Palmer on the Wall of Champions behind the ninth green at Sedgefield. With his grandson, Sam Saunders, in attendance, the plaque was dedicated.
It reads: "Widely considered the most important figure in golf and one of the most influential players in Wyndham Championship history, Arnold Palmer had five top five finishes in 13 appearances at Sedgefield. In 1963, Palmer established the Buddy Worsham Memorial Scholarship at Wake Forest University in memory of his friend and teammate who died in a car accident while in school. Since that time, scholarship winners have been a consistent presence in the tournament field, always with great appreciation and admiration for Arnie."
This plaque now serves as a permanent reminder of Palmer's contributions. Now, there's something tangible that will
remind people of his legacy every time they pass.
The First Tee
by Martha-Page Althaus
Take a look around your garage, chances are, there are some golf items you just don't use, or need, anymore. But instead of throwing these things away, one group of Sedgefield members found a way to donate items where they're needed most.
The First Tee of the Triad serves 1,500 kids, ages seven to 18, through golf clinics, classes, and camps. Last spring, the Cardinal Ladies Golf Association at Sedgefield's Dye course, led by Nancy Patefield, collected gently-used golf bags, clubs, apparel, shoes, and more for The First Tee. And coming up soon, another donation is planned.
"We realized we have so much extra stuff that we take advantage of," says Patefield. "How many golf towels do we really need? We all have an abundance of things to donate."
Patefield moved to Greensboro from Texas last year, where her home club did a collection drive for USGA.
"We collected our old clubs, bags, balls, clothes, shoes, basically anything that was gently used or new, to donate to those girls," she recalls. "So when I got to Sedgefield, I found out about The First Tee and asked about the possibility of donating to that cause. We put it out to the Sedgefield Dye membership and pretty soon collected a van full of stuff for both boys and girls."
The initial donation was a big success, and Patefield hopes now that the word is out, even more Sedgefield members will make a bigger effort to help The First Tee. Donations will be accepted through May 2018, making it the perfect time for early spring-cleaning.
"We donated everything from golf towels and balls to shoes, hats, skorts, and even a seven-wood, because it was giving one member a fit!," says Patefield.
The items that help kids in The First Tee may seem insignificant, but to those kids, even the smallest things make a difference.
"Some of these kids don't have a collared shirt," says Ellen Lapierre, director of volunteers and girl's events for The First Tee of the Triad. "They love to wear those — it makes them feel like a golfer! Junior clubs are most beneficial, but womens' clubs are great too, especially for teenagers who come in and don't have any of the gear."
According to Lapierre, the program gives kids a road map not only for success on the golf course, but for life in general.
"We want these kids to have the best future they can have," she says. "We want to make these kids good golfers, but make them even better people. Sure, we teach them skills like putting, chipping, and course management. But we're also teaching them, right from the beginning, how to shake someone's hand, how to look people in the eye, and how to introduce yourself to someone. And most importantly, how to create and attain your goals."
Sergio's Road from Sedgefield
by John Maginnes
Sergio Garcia, the 2012 Wyndham Champion, has used Sedgefield Country Club as a springboard more than once in his career. The Donald Ross gem that hosts the Triad's annual PGA tour stop is more than just another spot on the calendar for Sergio. It's the place where it all started.
When Sergio's birdie putt found the bottom of the cup on that glorious Sunday this past April, it marked the culmination of a life's work. It was the coronation of a champion and the end of a sometimes agonizing journey. Sergio Garcia had won the Masters, and he would never be viewed the same again. Nearly 18 years after bursting onto the international golf scene at the PGA Championship at Medinah, Illinois, Sergio was finally a major championship winner.
HIS BIG DEBUT
The story begins in August 1999 when the exuberant Spaniard would duel Tiger Woods, the world's best, and come up just short — but he would never walk in anonymity again. Four- teen months before at the Greensboro Open at Sedgefield, Sergio, then 18 years old, may have been anonymous in the golf world but he certainly wasn't to the players on the Nike Tour (now Web.com Tour), the feeder route to
the PGA Tour. We had seen this kind of emergence a few years before when a skinny 20 year-old showed up in Milwaukee and said, "Hello, world." Tiger ushered in a remarkable new era in golf. By 1998, he had broken records at the Masters, and it was obvious that the best was yet to come. So when the "next great player" arrived on our driving range, we were paying attention.
I remember thinking just how young Sergio looked that week at Sedgefield. But what we, the players, were most concerned about was his swing. Tiger had changed our approach to the game. For the first time in our lives, many of us went to the gym. We had our eyes opened. Sergio's swing was lanky with a pronounced lag and down- cock of the wrists that was more old school than modern. He hit balls under the watchful eye of Victor, his father and lifelong swing coach. And Victor wasn't letting anyone too close to his son in 1998.
Sergio would open that week with 72 on Thursday but come back with 67 on Friday to make the cut by a single shot. His 65 on Saturday was the low round of the day and put him in contention. A 68 on Sunday left Sergio in an unpaid, five-way tie for third. That last bit was fortunate for the other four of us that finished tied for third. Joe Ogilvie from Duke would go on to win that week, but it was Sergio's debut in America that would be remembered.
A ROLLERCOASTER CAREER
After Sedgefield, Sergio won the British Amateur, which came with an invitation to the Masters the following year. At Augusta in 1999, Sergio would finish as low amateur and turn professional the next week. In July, he won the Irish Open shooting 64 in the final round for his first European Tour victory. That victory secured an invitation to the PGA Championship and a date with Tiger at Medinah.
The second-place finish for Sergio at the PGA Championship ensured that he would be the youngest player to compete on either Ryder Cup team. Sergio has represented Europe in every Ryder Cup with the exception of one, but more on that later. After 1999, his game progressed as anticipated. He would win on the PGA Tour for the first time at Colonial in 2001 and later that summer at Westchester.
Sergio would win six times over those next five years and add the Player's Championship in 2008. Over that same period, he would win six more times on the European Tour. But as Sergio approached his 30th birthday, others were winning on golf's biggest stage and Sergio was left wanting.
There were times when Sergio was his own worst enemy. He was almost too honest with the press about his frailties. In August 2008, Sergio would lose to Padraig Harrington at the PGA Championship in a heart breaker. Harrington had beaten Sergio the year before in a playoff at the Open Championship. By 2008, Sergio's futility in the majors was becoming the stuff of lore.
Following the 2008 season, Sergio's game fell into a precipitous decline. In 2009, he failed to win a tournament anywhere in the world for the first time in his career. The following year was no better and saw a major championship season go by without a Top-10 from Sergio, the first time in a decade that he had failed to contend in a major. That same year, Sergio failed to make the Ryder Cup team for the first time since 1999. Captain Colin Montgomery invited Sergio to be a vice-captain in hopes that it would inspire both the team and Sergio. It worked, at least for the team. Things started to turn around in 2011. He finished in the Top 10 at the US Open, where all eyes were on Rory McIlroy, who won by eight. Sergio would shoot 68 on Sunday at the British Open later that year to slip into the Top 10. Then in late 2011, he would find the winner's circle again for the first time
in three years. He was the host of the Castello Masters, played at the golf course he grew up on when he finally won again. He would win the next week in Spain again at the Andalucia Masters, which this year Sergio will host at Valderrama.
It appeared that Sergio was back on the right track heading into the 2012 season. But golf is a hard game, and the demons that plague a golfer over time are rarely silent. At the Masters, Sergio was in contention after two rounds, but shot 75 on Saturday. After the round it was difficult to process what Sergio was saying. "I'm not good enough ... I don't have the thing I need to have," he began. "In 13 years I have come to the conclusion that I just need to play for second or third place."
Obviously the exorcism of Sergio's demons was incomplete. His maturity incomplete as well. We had watched him grow from boy to man on the golf course, but there was still much to learn.
SEGEFIELD CHANGES EVERYTHING
The rest of 2012 was less than stellar. Coming into the Wyndham Champion- ship at Sedgefield, Sergio was 102 in FedEx Cup Points and his focus was in question. He employed a caddie from Eagle Point that was arranged by the tournament committee. But being back at Sedgefield reminded Sergio of the 18-year-old boy who had visited more than a decade before. Seeking his first PGA Tour victory in more than four years, Sergio would have to wait until Monday to get his final shot. Rain halted the final round while the leaders were still on the front nine on Sunday.
But Sergio would post a final round 66 — good enough to bring him back to the winner's circle. He would take the momentum of his Greensboro victory and parlay it into a trip to the Tour Championship and then on to the Ryder Cup. Fittingly, Sergio was part of the greatest comeback in Ryder Cup history that year. His crucial victory over Jim Furyk in the singles was a critical point for the Europeans, who overcame a six-point deficit on the final day. Serendipitously, that feat occurred at Medinah, where Sergio made his first mark in 1999.
Golf fans have enjoyed nearly two decades of Sergio Garcia. Or should I say, golf fans have had a love/hate relationship with Sergio over the years. He was at times polarizing. We have seen him grow from an incredibly talented boy to an international star. He has endured controversy and criticism and yet at times there has never been anyone as hard on Sergio Garcia as Sergio himself. When Tiger called him a "whiner," Sergio's reply was that Tiger was finally telling the truth. But with Sergio, it seems that all of those negatives have over time transformed to a positive.
The lifelong bachelor has turned a corner both personally and professionally. He will marry this year. And he is now a major champion. At 37 years old, Sergio's journey is far from complete.
John Maginnes is a former PGA player and hosts the popular Katrek & Maginnes On Tap broadcast on the PGA Tour Satellite Radio Network.
A Conversation with Mark Brazil
Wyndham Championship Tournament Director Mark Brazil has served at the helm of the event for 16 years, where he has overseen both a title sponsor change and a venue change. We caught up with Mark as final preparations were made for the 2017 Wyndham event.
JOHN MAGINNES: The Wyndham Championship's 2012 winner is now a Masters Champion. How did that hit you?
Mark Brazil: I have been friends with Sergio for a long time. Like so many, I've been pulling for him to break through. As good a ball striker as he is, I felt he could win any major. But for him to do it at the Masters, where there is such a premium on putting, is incredible. So to have another one of our champions win a major just adds to the historical significance of our event.
JM: This is especially true, considering that talk about your defending champion Si Woo Kim and his Players Championship.
MB: Well, you look at what he did here last year. He won in such a dominating fashion with hardly any hiccups that it wasn't as surprising to us. He has one of the best swings in golf. What was surprising about that win was that he has had back and wrist injuries, so we didn't know that he was going to be a factor in the event at all. I loved what he said at the awards ceremony, where he referenced how he felt down the stretch at the Wyndham. Remember, this kid turned 22 this summer. We could be looking at a Hall of Fame career.
JM: It's been nearly a decade since the Wyndham returned to Sedgefield. What do the players tell you now about the golf course?
MB: When we first came, they loved the design. The PGA Tour doesn't see too many Donald Ross courses, so we had a hit with the course. But what has happened since then has kept them coming back. The condition of Sedgefield, the greens and the fairways are pristine year in and year out. The players know what to expect, and Sedgefield keeps delivering. The house is always in order.
JM: Tell us about the fan experience at the tournament this year.
MB: We are going to have a little differ ent experience this year. Margaritaville is not coming back, but we are going to have something different and exciting in that popular space. We are excited about unveiling it, although I can't at this time. You'll just have to check it out. We are creating a new location for the Polo merchandise tent. That is an area we are trying to improve. We love seeing Wyndham Championship shirts at golf courses all year long. And, of course, they are Polo.
JM: Anything else different that we might notice?
MB: There is going to be a different look
and feel. Still with a vacation theme, but a different spin. In a lot of ways, we leave the theme of the event up to Wyndham. We want them to feel true ownership of the event and the best way to do that is to give them authorship of the look and feel. And from that, we do our best to
create the best fan experience we can at the tournament. It doesn't matter if you bought a $10 practice round ticket or a hospitality ticket — we want you to walk away feeling like you got great value and had a great time.
JM: For the second year in a row, the Wyndham Championship was named the most fan friendly event on the PGA Tour. How does that feel?
MB: The recognition is always nice. We continue to try to grow the event but maintain the principles that make the Wyndham Championship a unique experience on the PGA Tour.
A Conversation with Kris Spence
Kris Spence is known as a "Donald Ross Restoration Specialist," a title to which he smiles and is eager to point out that there are "a few of us." And that is just how Kris is, ready to deflect attention away from himself. His efforts in that regard have been in vain. He has been praised and awarded for his work on some of Donald Ross' great golf courses. Kris has been at the helm of the renovations and restorations at Greensboro CC, Forsyth CC, Cape Fear CC in Wilmington, and Sedgefield CC, host of the Wyndham Championship, to name a few.
When you meet with Kris at his office in a nondescript office park near the airport in Greensboro, you may be in for a bit of a surprise. "We've been here for a couple of years. Maybe we ought to hang some pictures," Kris says to me as we are walking out the door for lunch.
There are two things interesting about that statement. The first is that Kris can be forgiven for his lack of interior decorating talents. His exterior decorating more than makes up for it. And second, Kris begins every story with the word "we," even though when we left the office there wasn't another soul there.
Kris is a natural born storyteller and his story is unique at least in the context of the present day. He didn't study landscape engineering in college like so many of his colleagues; he came from the golf course superintendent side of things. He started in the early 80s at Atlantic Athletic Club before he was hired by the owners of Forest Oaks CC, which was then host to the GGO (now the Wyndham Championship). "We hosted a PGA Tour event when I was only 23, which was cool. Later on we needed to rebuild some bunkers and a couple of greens and we kept it in-house and it turned out okay," Kris says of his start in golf course architecture.
That is when Kris says he "got the bug" for golf course design and construction and went to work with Jack Nicklaus's group building and opening the Governor's Club outside of Raleigh. From there he was hired by Greensboro CC, which at the time had 36 holes in need of renovation. At the Irving Park Course, a Donald Ross design, Kris said, "We started dabbling, moving a bunker here, taking out a bunker there that they didn't like, and it just snowballed into a full-blown renovation."
From there, Kris left Greensboro CC and embarked on a career as a builder, designer, and golf course architect. His company can do everything from the master plan to the simplest renovation, and he says that is what has sustained them. It has also given him the opportunity to work with some of the biggest names in the business.
When the subject of Sedgefield comes up, Kris gets a gleam in his eye. "Originally, we had two sets of plans that contradicted each other," he says. He recalls a meeting at which the general manager just happened to mention that they had come across some old papers. Kris asked the manager to retrieve them. These documents turned out to be the final and definitive plans that Ross used to design Sedgefield.
"Sedgefield was going to be a 36- hole facility with an equestrian area. Later they decided to scrap the second 18 and make it a neighborhood. For example the 11th hole was originally routed on top of the hill to the right where the houses are. When Ross moved the fairway down on the side of the hill, he created a fairway that leans one way and a shot that has to go the other way."
Kris recently finished a renovation of the Dogwood Course at Country Club of North Carolina in Pinehurst, and he continues to work throughout the country. When you look at the work that Kris Spence and his team have done over the past two decades, you have to be impressed. Not bad for a greenskeeper who started dabbling. Then again, Donald Ross got his start as a greenskeeper— and so did Old Tom Morris. That puts Kris in pretty good company — and maybe that's the "we" he's referring to.
John Maginnes is a former PGA player and host the popular Katrek & Maginess on Tap broadcast on the PGA Tour Satellite Radio Network
Off Course Play
With short days and cold weather wintertime usually means retiring your clubs and hunkering down, but it can be a time of opportunity.
Time to Focus
"Winter is a great time to focus on certain changes that you postpone all spring and summer," says Sedgefield Country Club Director of Fitness Sherri Tallant. "It does not have to be very time consuming, you don't need hours in the gym or a lot of heavy weight lifting in order to get huge benefits."
Tallant is not just a personal trainer but is TPI certified, which means she's gained a deep understanding of how the body's strengths and weaknesses affect a golfer's swing. "In the spring and the summer, most of our members' time should be spent playing golf," she acknowledges. "But in the winter, don't just put your clubs away and forget about your golf game until spring." Tallant recommends going to the fitness center or any space outfitted with mirrors. "Just watch your golf swing," she advises.
Tallant adds that cooler months are the best time to start working on your short game. "Putting and chipping tend to be the two things that get rusty the fastest," she says. "Stick to practicing in the mirror and you'll stay tee-time ready come spring."
Less time on the course also means more time to spend on stretching and strengthening. "In the off season, golfers should spend more time in the gym doing things like yoga classes," Tallant says. Sedgefield offers a six-week yoga program that meets for an hour once weekly, and most of her members sign up for two back-to-back six-week sessions.
"Through yoga, you're not necessarily making your muscles longer, but you're keeping them from getting shorter, which they would do if you don't use them," Tallant explains. "Strength training and stretching lengthens that muscle right back out and helps with rotation, which speeds up your clubhead speed. It's absolutely awesome for golfers to do in the off season."
by Shayla Martin
At McConnell Golf, the sport of golf is more than just a leisure activity. Members across all 12 clubs train competitively in the hope of one day playing among their idols. Three McConnell Golf members have progressed to amateur and professional levels, and we're proud to share an update on Sedgefield Country Club's Scott Harvey.
At the end of 2015, Harvey represented the U.S. in Manchester, England on the Walker Cup team, one of the most prestigious tournaments for an amateur golfer. In April he won the Carolinas Mid- Amateur Championship at Dataw Island Golf Club in South Carolina, then two days later represented the U.S. in the Concession Cup in Bradenton, Florida, an international amateur tournament with teams from Great Britain and Ireland.
Most recently he played the U.S. Mid-Amateur in September and was a fourth-time medalist in the stroke play, setting a record. Next up he will represent North Carolina in the U.S. Men's State Team Championship in Birmingham, Alabama. At the end of the year, he'll again be considered for the Carolina's Men's Player of the Year by the Carolina Golf Association, an honor he's received six consecutive years.
Wyndham Championship (9)
Cooking for a Cause
Stenson's Road to Victory
Tournament Teamwork
Storied Past, Bright Future
Sedgefield, Then And Now
© Sedgefield Country Club 2016 3201 Forsyth Dr Greensboro, NC 27407(336) 299-5324
McConnell Golf


Chance was rescued from the streets of Armenia in 2013. We don't know if Chance was born as a straight-legged shepherd or if his disability was due to being hit by a car. Pawsitive Armenian Rescue worked closely with Southeast German Shepherd Rescue to bring Chance to the states. Chance's foster mom took him to physical therapy to maximize his mobility, but he still needed a wheelchair to get around. SGSR bought him a nice set of wheels (which he loves!) and his foster mom ended up adopting him! Chance now happily lives in North Carolina with his 2 moms and multiple 4-legged brothers and sisters (including 2 other Armenian dogs).


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Bank Servers Hacked to Trick ATMs into Spitting Out Millions in Cash
October 03, 2018Swati Khandelwal
The US-CERT has released a joint technical alert from the DHS, the FBI, and Treasury warning about a new ATM scheme being used by the prolific North Korean APT hacking group known as Hidden Cobra.
Hidden Cobra, also known as Lazarus Group and Guardians of Peace, is believed to be backed by the North Korean government and has previously launched attacks against a number of media organizations, aerospace, financial and critical infrastructure sectors across the world.
The group had also reportedly been associated with the WannaCry ransomware menace that last year shut down hospitals and big businesses worldwide, the SWIFT Banking attack in 2016, as well as the Sony Pictures hack in 2014.
Now, the FBI, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and the Department of the Treasury have released details about a new cyber attack, dubbed "FASTCash," that Hidden Cobra has been using since at least 2016 to cash out ATMs by compromising the bank server.
FASTCash Hack Fools ATMs into Spitting Out Cash
The investigators analyzed 10 malware samples associated with FASTCash cyber attacks and found that attackers remotely compromise payment "switch application servers" within the targeted banks to facilitate fraudulent transactions.
Switch application server is an essential component of ATMs and Point-of-Sale infrastructures that communicates with the core banking system to validate user's bank account details for a requested transaction.
Whenever you use your payment card in an ATM or a PoS machine in a retailer shop, the software asks (in ISO 8583 messages formats) the bank's switch application server to validate the transaction—accept or decline, depending upon the available amount in your bank account.
However, Hidden Cobra attackers managed to compromise the switch application servers at different banks, where they had accounts (and their payment cards) with minimal activity or zero balances.
The malware installed on the compromised switch application servers then intercepts transaction request associated with the attackers' payment cards and responds with fake but legitimate-looking affirmative response without actually validating their available balance with the core banking systems, eventually fooling ATMs to spit out a large number of cash without even notifying the bank.
"According to a trusted partner's estimation, HIDDEN COBRA actors have stolen tens of millions of dollars," the reports says.
"In one incident in 2017, HIDDEN COBRA actors enabled cash to be simultaneously withdrawn from ATMs located in over 30 different countries. In another incident in 2018, HIDDEN COBRA actors enabled cash to be simultaneously withdrawn from ATMs in 23 different countries."
Hidden Cobra threat actors are using the FASTCash scheme to target banks in Africa and Asia, though the U.S. authorities are still investigating the FASTCash incidents to confirm whether the attack targets banks in the United States.
How Attackers Managed to Compromise Banks' Switch Application Servers
Though the initial infection vector used to compromise Bank networks is unknown, the U.S. authorities believe that the APT threat actors used spear-phishing emails, containing malicious Windows executable, against employees in different banks.
Once opened, the executable infected bank employees' computers with Windows-based malware, allowing hackers to move laterally through a bank's network using legitimate credentials and deploy malware onto the payment switch application server.
Though most compromised switch application servers were found running unsupported IBM Advanced Interactive eXecutive (AIX) operating system versions, investigators found no evidence that attackers exploited any vulnerability in AIX operating system.
US-CERT recommended banks to make two-factor authentication mandatory before any user can access the switch application server, and use best practices to protect their networks.
US-CERT has also provided a downloadable copy of IOCs (indicators of compromise), to help you block them and enable network defenses to reduce exposure to any malicious cyber activity by the Hidden Cobra hacking group.
In May 2018, the US-CERT also published an advisory alerting users of two different malware—Remote Access Trojan (RAT) known as Joanap and Server Message Block (SMB) worm called Brambul—linked to Hidden Cobra.
Last year, the DHS and the FBI also issued an alert describing Hidden Cobra malware Delta Charlie—a DDoS tool that they believed North Korea uses to launch distributed denial-of-service attacks against its targets.
Other malware linked to Hidden Cobra in the past includes Destover, Wild Positron or Duuzer, and Hangman with sophisticated capabilities, like DDoS botnets, keyloggers, remote access tools (RATs), and wiper malware.
ATM hacker, ATM hacking, bank hacking, Cyber Attack, debit card hacking, hack atm card, hack bank account, hacking news, Hidden Cobra Hackers, North Korea, North Korean hackers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A preview of Palo Alto government meetings for the week of Jan. 11.
CITY COUNCIL ... The council plans to meet in a closed session to discuss existing litigation involving separate claims against the city by Wells Fargo Bank and Monroe Place, as well as a petition to the state Water Resources Control Board relating to stormwater runoff. The council will also consider approving a variance for a home at 224 Churchill Ave. and hold a public hearing on 1050 Page Mill Road, which involves demolition of four buildings totaling 265,895 square feet and construction of two buildings with the same amount of square footage. The closed session will begin at 6 p.m. on Monday, Jan. 11, in the Council Chambers at City Hall, 250 Hamilton Ave. Read the agenda here.
BOARD OF EDUCATION ... The board will hear the Enrollment Management Advisory Committee (EMAC) final report and recommendations, discuss the process for renaming facilities in light of a community petition to rename Jordan Middle School, and discuss several new and revised board policies and administrative regulations. The meeting will begin at 6:30 p.m. on Tuesday, Jan. 12, in the board room at the district headquarters, 25 Churchill Ave. Read the agenda here.
UTILITIES ADVISORY COMMISSION ... The commission plans to hear an update about Fiber to the Premises and the city's planned wireless network; discuss the conversion of electric wires from overhead to underground; consider approval of a power purchase agreement with Hecate Energy; discuss the Solar Hot Water Heating Program; and hear an update on the Utilities Legislative Policy Guidelines. The meeting will begin at 7 p.m. on Wednesday, Jan. 13, in the Community Meeting Room at City Hall, 250 Hamilton Ave. Read the agenda here.
HUMAN RELATIONS COMMISSION ... The commission will discuss the speaker series, "An Immigrant Experience in Palo Alto"; plans for a community forum on "Implicit Bias"; hear an update from the Homeless Vets subcommittee; and discuss next steps for the commission's review of the Comprehensive Plan update. The meeting will begin at 7 p.m. on Thursday, Jan. 14, in the Community Meeting Room at City Hall, 250 Hamilton Ave.


The Cylon Raider Mk I is the main space fighter and attack ship of the Cylons. The Raider is a three-man craft and quite a bit larger than a Viper.
The Cylon Raider can fly in space or atmosphere and has two sublight engines. Long-range missions through deep space can be carried out by the use of fuel tankers.
The Cylon Raider Mk I formed the original fleet in the first battles against Galactica, and are still around despite newer versions having been made.
The Cylon Raider Mk I is armed with 2 x laser guns and carries bombs in a bomb bay or on wing racks.


MEMPHIS, TN (WMC) - Two men are dead after a triple shooting in Tipton County early Tuesday morning.
The shooting happened in a field at the intersection of Leighs Chapel Road and Turner Field Road after 1 a.m. in Covington.
One victim was rushed to the hospital in Memphis; the other two victims did not survive.
Tuesday afternoon, police identified the victims as 18-year-old Christavian Toomes and 18-year-old Isaiah McCrory.
Police also investigated two separate scenes related to the homicide--on South High Street and South College Street.
Patricia Hanson was outside her home on South College when she heard police.
"It was close to 2:00 in the morning. I heard sirens and then I heard them cut it off," Hanson said.
Hanson said she saw several police vehicles outside a neighbor's yard. She said police are often called to the area.
Tennessee Bureau of Investigation is investigating the shooting.
Officials have not a potential suspect at this time.
The Memphis music community is mourning the loss of an icon.
Developers tell the Greenwood Commonwealth they hope the app will be ready by Aug. 28, the anniversary of Till's death.


Get ready for another gorgeous handmade collection, this time by Megan McKean. The Bizu collection is bold, beautiful and full of bronze. This graphic designer turned jewelry maker has been creating her modern pieces since 2012. Longevity in this fickle creative world is a major achievement and I'm thrilled to showcase her work here. I found an interview with Megan from my archives and I'm sharing it with you now.
Foundation: How did you start your business? What inspired you to create?
I worked with a lot of talented women at my last job, many of whom were jewelers. I had been making jewelry as a side business for a while, but never thought it could be a full time thing. One by one the women who I worked with ended up going out on their own and it was really inspiring to see! I began working towards doing the same, and went on to launch Bizu in July of last year.
Formation: Let's talk about the process. Why did you choose the e-commerce platform for your shop?
How have you grown your business? The business has grown pretty organically since its launch last year. I put my main focus into growing the wholesale side of the business rather than the retail side; in the future I would like to spend more time building up my e-commerce site.
Friends: Who are the artists that you admire? Any role models?
There are so many talented makers in Portland and I've been lucky to connect with quite a few of them! Some jewelers who I admire in particluar are LunaSol, Natalie Joy, and Barrow PDX. I also recently discovered Wolf Ceramics and immediately fell in love with their work.
What struggles have you had to overcome? What are your biggest challenges? How do you fight a creative block?
on brand with our aesthetic.
Future: Where would you like to see your shop/collection go? What's in the immediate future?
Immediate future is continuing to build up both sides of my business and promoting the new collection. For the next collections, I really want to push myself as a designer with both technique and aesthetic. I believe that growth and evolution is such an important part of the creative process and I'm excited to see what the future has in store for Bizu.


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Looking for law firms to represent you can be a difficult process, especially if you're not sure what you're looking for. Portland has a variety of law firms that specialize in many different areas of law, and understanding what practice area to look for may be able to help you find the firm that will be right for you. This guide will provide an overview of several different types of Portland law firms so that you can narrow your search and have more search terms to look for.
Work-related disputes can be hard to negotiate without the help of a competent legal professional. Portland law firms specializing in employment and labor law can assist if you have problems with harassment or discrimination at work (and may be able to handle this kind of case without even receiving payment from you), if you were wrongfully terminated, or if your employer has not payed you for time that you have worked.
One of the more unusual legal specialty areas that is becoming more common for Portland law firms to specialize in is animal law. Animal law can take many forms, from lawyers who represent veterinarians or pharmaceutical companies to firms representing hunters or farmers who have animal-related issues.
Portland, because of its liberal politics and the presence of Lewis & Clark law school, which offers animal law classes for its students, is at the forefront of animal law, so if you have an animal related case, you may wish to look for Portland law firms that have experience in this relatively new area.
Divorce and family lawyers are always in demand. Portland law firms specializing in these areas often have experience handling child custody disputes, child support issues, alimony, and even adoption or surrogacy. Because family courts are a different court system with different rules from the traditional criminal or civil court system, experience with family court judges and laws can make a big difference to the handling of your case.
Portland law firms that handle a lot of divorces also generally have access to successful, experienced mediators who can help you work out a less expensive compromise agreement instead of continuing to litigate. Oregon law allows judges to order couples into mediation if they cannot agree on the terms of a divorce.
Portland's high unemployment rate over the last several years has made it a city hard hit by bankruptcies. If you have no way to pay your existing debts, you may want to consult with Portland law firms specializing in bankruptcy law. These firms can help answer the questions you may have about the bankruptcy process. In general, bankruptcy Portland law firms will offer a relatively low flat fee that is conscious of your financial situation. Many also offer free initial consultations to outline how bankruptcy may be able to save you money or stop harassment by debt collectors.
If you are being prosecuted for a crime, you need a lawyer who knows Oregon's criminal codes and can help you negotiate a good plea bargain with the DA or stand up for you at a trial. Many criminal defense law firms deal only with criminal charges, and can offer you backgrounds with a great deal of criminal law experience.
A criminal record, especially with a felony conviction, can impact the rest of your life. It is important that you look for criminal defense Portland law firms that have experience with cases like yours. For some types of cases, including DUI, you may be able to find a lawyer who specializes in defending people accused of the specific crime you're being charged with.
Medical malpractice can result in debilitating illnesses and even death. If Portland law firms specializing in medical malpractice believe you have a case, they will often take it on a contingency fee basis that leaves you paying nothing if you do not win your case, and only a percentage of your winnings if you win. Medical malpractice judgments can result from any medical mistake caused by negligence. You may wish to consult with Portland law firms about a wrong diagnosis or medical mistake if you have been injured by a doctor.
If you have been injured in an accident or by a faulty product, many lawyers will take your case on a contingency fee basis. You may be able to settle out of court using Portland law firms to help you litigate your case, or you may end up going to trial if the settlement negotiations fail. These law firms will discuss your case with you so that you understand the likely outcome of your case and how long you can expect to have your case last.
If you are an investor or a homebuyer, you may want to look at Portland law firms specializing in real estate law. These lawyers can help you look over paperwork and advise you of any potential legal problems that you may face during your transaction. Especially for buying foreclosed homes, which can be more complicated than buying a new home, you may want to hire a real estate lawyer to help you through the purchasing process.
Investors, who may be buying several properties or multiple-unit properties, will definitely want to investigate Portland law firms specializing in this area to make sure that all tax implications and property regulations are followed.
If you want to write your will or plan for your family's future, you may need the services of Portland law firms who specialize in estate planning. Estate planning often involves wills and trusts, and you can generally find a lawyer who has experience with estates of a similar size to yours. These lawyers understand that estate planning can be a sensitive subject and will advise you of your right to lawyer/client confidentiality so that you can talk about all the details of your estate.


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US gives Turkey green light to launch military operation in northern Syria - Daily News Egypt
Politics US gives Turkey green light to launch military operation in northern Syria
US gives Turkey green light to launch military operation in northern Syria
The latest developments came after Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan telephoned his US counterpart Donald Trump to discuss the "safe zone" planned to be established east of the Euphrates River in Syria, as well as a number of bilateral issues.
Taha Sakr October 8, 2019 Comments Off on US gives Turkey green light to launch military operation in northern Syria
In a major shift in United States (US) policy, the US gave Turkey the green light to go ahead with its military operation in northern Syria. The White House announced Sunday evening that US armed forces will not participate or intervene while Turkey launches its "long-planned" operation there.
The White House said in a statement that after the defeat of ISIS, the US armed forces will no longer be stationed in the Syrian-Turkish border region, and will not engage in the forthcoming Turkish military operation, adding that "Turkey will now be responsible for all ISIS fighters arrested in the last two years," Reuters reported.
The latest developments came after Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan telephoned his US counterpart Donald Trump to discuss the "safe zone" planned to be established east of the Euphrates River in Syria, as well as a number of bilateral issues.
Erdogan assured Trump that the establishment of Safe Zone is a condition for eliminating what he called The Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) terrorist threat and for paving the way to the return of Syrian refugees.
The Turkish president also stressed that his country is determined continuing the fight against ISIS in Syria and to take all necessary measures to avoid a problem similar to the threat of ISIS in the region.
Erdogan told Trump that he was "frustrated by the failure of the US military and security bureaucracy to implement the agreement" signed by the two sides last August on the establishment of a buffer zone on the Syrian border with Turkey, the White House statement said.
Accordingly, Trump invited Erdogan to meet in Washington next November.
Contact between Trump and Erdogan comes a day after the latter renewed threats to launch an "air and ground" military operation against the Kurdish YPG in Syria, which Turkey considers a "terrorist" organisation.
Erdogan had previously warned that his country's patience was running out since its deal with US officials in August to establish a safe area in northern Syria hasn't been implemented yet.
"We have made our preparations, completed the operation plans, and gave the necessary instructions," the Turkish president said in a televised speech on Saturday, adding that the offensive could begin "as soon as today or tomorrow."
In the same context, Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu said on Monday that his country was determined to clear its border with Syria from militants and ensure Turkey's security.
Turkey says the US has been slow to establish the safe region. The US supports the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) led by the YPG, with whom it worked closely to drive ISIS out of large areas they controlled.
Turkey has repeatedly threatened to launch a unilateral attack in northeast Syria, where US forces are based alongside SDF fighters.
Hours after the threat of Erdogan, the Kurdish self-administration called on "the international community with all its institutions to pressure Turkey to prevent it from launching any attack against Kurdish control areas, in a statement.
The SDF said on Monday that US forces have withdrawn from the northeast after they failed to honour their pledges and warned that the imminent attack Turkey was threatening would undermine its efforts to crush ISIS.
The Turkish army launched two attacks in Syria: the first in 2016 against ISIS and the second in 2018 against the YPG, during which it was able to take control of the Afrin area (northern Syria).
Iran has also joined the Turkish-Syrian-Kurdish crisis and showed readiness to cooperate with Syria and Turkey to resolve differences on the issue.
Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif said his country told Turkey that the only way to maintain its security was to stabilise Syrian forces in border areas with Turkey. Zarif added that his country's position on the presence of Turkish forces in Syrian territory is clear.
Zarif vowed that his country would not allow Kurdish groups to exploit Syrian territory to achieve its goals, stressing that his country continues to respect the sovereignty of states.
Topics: Military operation Syria Turkey US
Environment Minister heads Egypt's delegation to COP25 in Madrid
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https://eklutdvotyzsri.dailynewssegypt.com/2019/10/08/us-gives-turkey-green-light-to-launch-military-operation-in-northern-syria/
Syrian Armed Forces clash with Turkish forces for first time
AUC mechanical engineering students win global competition for creating a robot to assist people with special needs
AUC among World's Top 200 in QS Graduate Employability Rankings
Turkey launches Syrian invasion, Egypt, int'l community condemn
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Trump threatens to destroy Turkey's economy if Ankara takes its offensive in Syria too far
Egypt strongly rejects Turkish attempts to seize Syrian lands: Al-Sisi
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October 8, 2019 Breaking News


Email Rachelle for booking info!
Rachelle Wooten is a Digital Learning Specialist with Fort Bend ISD. Her passion is designing and facilitating a professional learning experience that empowers, inspires, and equips teachers with innovative, proven solutions to reach and teach each of their students. She is the author of the iBook: Mission 'Pod'sible: A Teacher's Guide to Podcasting.
She's an authorized Google Education Trainer, Microsoft Innovative Educator Expert, Adobe Education Leader, and Certified Adobe Education Trainer. She has also earned distinctions such as: an Edmodo Certified Trainer, and Common Sense Graphite Certified Educator, and a Nearpod Pionear.
She has presented at the Texas Computer Education Association (TCEA), SXSWedu, and the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) Conference and Association of Supervision, Curriculum, and Development (ASCD). Last year, she spoke at Edmodocon and ISTE's first 1-in-3 Ignite-style presentations. This year she is a featured speaker at the Nebraska Educational Technology Association Conference.


Taste the traditional flavours of Mexican homestyle food of Tacombi. The New York based Mexican restaurant was born on the beaches of the Yucatan, where Tacombi began selling tacos out of a converted VW bus in Playa del Carmen. Now the bus is parked in a cool looking place on Elizabeth street, which looks like a garage as well as a cantina.
The casual looking restaurant has a distinct Mexican feel to it. From the moment you see the restaurant, you'll see some nice features such as the signage around the building. Inside the taqueria there are lovely pieces of Mexican graphics, typography and advertising dotted around. The foldable chars and tables add to the Mexican street food atmosphere.
Have you been to the Tacombi at Fonda Nolita?


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Adriano Alpago-Novello (July 10, 1932 in Belluno – June 4, 2005 in Belluno) was an Italian architect, art historian and professor.

Adriano Alpago-Novello was born in Belluno by Alberto Alpago Novello, architect and urban planner, and Laura Carlotti.

After classical studies at the Leone XXIII of Milan, in 1957 he graduated in architecture at the Politecnico di Milano, where since 1958 become an assistant professor of History of Art and History and Styles of architecture. In the same year he is responsible for the organization of the site and of thearchitectural surveys of the excavation of the Roman theater in Caesarea, Israel: finding how little the archeologists working on the site know or care about the culture identifiable as "Byzantine", drives him to schedule a systematic series of fact-finding visits and photographic campaigns on the presence of Byzantine churches in central and eastern Mediterranean. The result is a series of studies that lead to the achievement of the professorship and the assignment to University. Since 1963 is assistant professor at the Politecnico di Milano to the chair of History of Art and History and Styles of architecture, of which in 1971 he became a lecturer; in the same year he is Professor of History of Architecture at the Faculty of Architecture in Turin. Since 1975 he is associate professor at the Faculty of Architecture of Milan, since 1987 Professor of History of Muslim art at the University Ca 'Foscari of Venice.

He participates as a speaker at numerous national and international conferences on architecture and Byzantine studies and is invited to give lectures in many Italian and foreign universities.

He devotes special attention to the study, under the historical and architectural point of view, of cultural areas of Italy not yet known, with a particular interest for mountain and rural regions, in order for a recovery of the local cultures and values of traditional architecture. Specific insights regarding the territory of Belluno bring to the show "Val Belluna, Case nella Campagna", 1964, and to numerous publications on the subject [1] [2] [3]. After the exhibition opening, Dino Buzzati wrote an article in the Corriere della Sera entitled: "The architect who has seen."

Partner and adviser to Italia Nostra, he is deeply devoted to defend the historical heritage with lectures and debates in various Italian cities.

In 1967 he founds and directs the Center for Studies and Documentation of Armenian Culture. The Center published the "Documenti di architettura Armena" (Documents of Armenian architecture) and "Ricerca sull' architettura Armena" (Research on Armenian architecture) series. He was the organizer of the exhibition of Medieval Armenian Architecture which visited several Italian cities and more than eighteen countries from South America to Iran and Armenia.

From 1967 to 1983 is responsible and member of study missions, under the official patronage of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Italy, in Armenian territory, Georgia, Iran, Northern Syria.

He received several international awards (international prize "Parekorzagan" for Armenian scholars who have made a fundamental contribution in the field of Armenian art, award "Thoros Thoromanian" of the Academy of Sciences of Armenia for Armenian art scholars, medaglia Reza Pahalevi for the study work carried out in Iran).

He was scientific advisor for the architecture sector of the series of studies on "Popular Cultura Popolare Veneta" (promoted by the Veneto Region and the Fondazione Giorgio Cini) and co-director of the Historical Archive of Belluno, Feltre and Cadore.

At the professional level he operated especially in the Veneto Region and in Milan, devoting particularly to restoration works.

Selected bibliography
Alpago-Novello, Adriano "L'architettura armena e l'Italia", De luca, Roma, 1990

Adriano Alpago-Novello, Vaxtang Beriże, Jacqueline Lafontaine-Dosogne, "Art and Architecture in Medieval Georgia", 1980, 521 p.
Adriano Alpago-Novello, Nikolai Mikhaĭlovich Tokarsky, "Amberd",  1972, 56 p.
Adriano Alpago-Novello, Giulio Ieni, "Amaghu Noravank", 1985, 61 p.
Adriano Alpago-Novello, Mourad Hasratian, "Ketcharis", 1982, 59 p.
Adriano Alpago-Novello, Geōrgios Dēmētrokallēs, "L'Arte Bizantina in Grecia", 1995, 207 p.
Adriano Alpago-Novello, "Val Belluna. Case nella Campagna", 1964
Adriano Alpago-Novello, "Ville e case dominicali della Val Belluna", Panfilo Castaldi, 1961
Adriano Alpago-Novello, "Ville della provincia di Belluno", 1968

Sources
Grecia bizantina, by Adriano Alpago-Novello, 1969, 162 p. (Biography)
ADRIANO ALPAGO-NOVELLO PASSED AWAY, by Azg daily, 2005

Armenian studies scholars
Italian art historians
Academic staff of the Polytechnic University of Milan
1932 births
2005 deaths

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Südamarasi () ist ein indonesischer Distrikt (Kecamatan) im Westen der Insel Timor.

Geographie

Der Distrikt befindet sich an der Küste der Timorsee, im Süden des Regierungsbezirks Kupang der Provinz Ost-Nusa-Tenggara (Nusa Tenggara Timur).Nördlich liegt der Distrikt Amarasi, westlich Westamarasi (Amarasi Barat) und östlich Ostamarasi (Amarasi Timur).

Südamarasi hat eine Fläche von 172,81 km² und teilt sich in die fünf Desa Sahraen, Retraen, Buraen, Nekmese und Sonraen.  Das Territorium liegt in einer Meereshöhe von bis etwa . Das tropische Klima teilt sich, wie sonst auch auf Timor, in eine Regen- und eine Trockenzeit.

Einwohner

2016 lebten in Südamarasi 11.078 Einwohner. 5662 waren Männer, 5416 Frauen. Die Bevölkerungsdichte lag bei 64 Personen pro Quadratkilometer. 1766 Personen bekannten sich zum katholischen Glauben, 9142 waren Protestanten, 39 Personen muslimischen Glaubens und drei Hindu. Im Distrikt gab es fünf katholische und 26 protestantische Kirchen.

Wirtschaft, Infrastruktur und Verkehr
Die meisten Einwohner des Distrikts leben von der Landwirtschaft. Als Haustiere werden Rinder (6139), Pferde (41), Büffel (zwei), Schweine (3645), Ziegen (938), Enten (8141) und Hühner (23.954) gehalten. Auf 1412 Hektar wird Mais angebaut, auf 170 Hektar Reis, auf 616 Hektar Maniok und auf 323 Hektar Süßkartoffeln. Daneben erntet man Senf, Tomaten, Bohnen, Orangen, Bananen, Mangos, Papayas, Jackfrüchte, Avocados, Stachelannonen, Kokosnüsse, Kakao, Kapok, Lichtnüsse, Arecanüsse, Kaffee, Cashewnüsse und Muskatnüsse. 2015 wurden insgesamt 29,65 Tonnen Fisch gefangen, darunter Sardellen, Zackenbarsche und andere.

In Südamarasi gibt es vier Kindergärten, zwölf Grundschulen, sieben Mittelschulen und vier weiterführende Schule. Zur medizinischen Versorgung stehen ein kommunales Gesundheitszentrum (Puskesmas) in Sonraen und vier medizinische Versorgungszentren (Puskesmas Pembantu) zur Verfügung. Ein Arzt, acht Hebammen und eine Krankenschwester arbeiten in dem Distrikt.

19,4 Kilometer Straßen sind asphaltiert. Mit Kies sind 64,25 Kilometer Straßen bedeckt. Einfache Lehmpisten im Distrikt haben eine Länge von 66,5 Kilometer. Der öffentliche Verkehr wird betrieben durch vier Kleinbusse, 34 Pick-Ups, 14 Lastwagen und 94 Motorrädern.

Weblinks

 Statistische Daten vom Distrikt Südamarasi 2017 (indonesisch).

Einzelnachweise

Kecamatan in Westtimor


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Home » Roman army » Units of Roman army » Roman legion
Roman legion
Julius Caesar at the head of the legion | Graphics from Rome: Total War
Monarchy period
Early republic period
Period of the late republic
Early Empire period
Late Empire period
The Roman Legion (legio) was the basic and largest tactical unit of the Roman army consisting primarily of heavy-armed infantry. The name literally means "abstraction." In the early period of the Roman state's existence, the legion meant the whole army, i.e. all men called to arms. For many centuries, only Roman citizens could serve in the legions, but with the development of the empire, men who were not fully Romanized were also reached. Legia, because it was also adopted to be called this unit, was modernized many times in various periods of the Roman state.
List of Roman legions
Database presenting data collected so far about the number and history of individual legions.
The Roman army of the early kingdom was very close to the Greek army in both strength and armed terms. The fighting style was also similar, because phalanx was often used. However, the apparent weaknesses of the hoplite formation forced the Romans to seek new solutions. Changes took place gradually. One legion per year began to be issued, which constituted the entire army of the state. The legion included light infantry and cavalry, whose role was later replaced by allied troops.
Sculpture depicting the Greek hoplite (around the 5th century BCE). It was on them that the first property class of the infantry was modeled.
On Creative Commons Attribution license - On the same terms 3.0.
The original Roman army consisted only of landowners. The Roman population, divided into three tribus, undertook to issue 3,000 (1000 from each tribus) walkers (peditates), supplemented with a troop of 300 horsemen (100 from each tribus). Each ward, issued by one tribus, was divided into 10 centuries with 100 soldiers. So the legion during the early monarchy had 3300 soldiers (3000 infantry and 300 cavalry). Infantry was commanded by tribunus militum, while driving by tribunus celerum.
However, ways to strengthen Rome's combat strength were still sought. According to legend, an important reform was carried out by the King of Rome himself, Servius Tulius in the sixth century BCE He divided the population of Rome into five property classes. The first class was equipped with a spear, sword, helmet, armor and a round shield (clipeus); the second and third had weaker armor than the first; the fourth might not have armor, for all it needed was a small shield, a spear and a javelin; the fifth, final class is the firing squad. The Roman army still consisted of only one legion, but its number doubled. The infantry had 6,000 soldiers, divided into 60 centuries. Roman ride was set at 600 horsemen, divided into 6 centuries. However, to increase cavalry strength, Serwiusz Tulius decided to add 1200 additional riders to the formation. Cavalry in the legion was 1,800 men divided into 60 smaller units turmae, 30 horsemen each. To sum up, at the end of the monarchy the Roman legion consisted of 7800 soldiers (6000 infantry and 1800 cavalry).
Roman army of the republic period.
With the establishment of the republic, the reform of the Roman army, previously adapted to monarchy, had to be carried out. Two consuls appointed by the state and responsible for border protection needed two separate armies. To this end, the existing one legion was divided into two separate, where each was assigned to one of two consuls. The existence of only two legions allowed consuls until the 4th century BCE to conduct modest but effective warfare in areas not far away from the capital. However, with the expansion of the Apennine Peninsula at the beginning of the 4th century BCE, it was decided to increase consular armies to two legions. During the campaign, the legions were also further strengthened with meals demanded by the Romans from their allies.
Men aged 17 to 60 were subject to the general duty of military service. Men aged 17 to 45 (iuniores) were sent to the front. Men over 46 (seniores) served in cities and were a reserve for the main army. Relief from duty (mission honesta) followed 20 walking or 10 horse riding trips. In the early Republic, military service was not paid in the form of pay, and was received as a civic duty.
The turning point was 331 BCE, when the army tribune was introduced in the army, initially responsible for commanding the legion. In addition, the existing compact front line used, for example, by the Greeks was abandoned, and the focus was on the manipular system, i.e. dividing the army into manipulators, smaller tactical units, which allowed to make the army more flexible. Each manipulation consisted of 2 centuries. The centuria was 60 soldiers, which together resulted in 120 men in manipulas (the exception were triaria, of whom 60 were manipulates, and one centuria was 30 people). In the legion there were usually 15 maniples hastati, 10 manipulators pricipes and triaria, 1200 velites (velites) and 300 rides (equites). Thus, the strength of one legion was about 5000 soldiers during this period. The manipulation was headed by two centurions. First, the commander of the first century was called prior and was a senior officer in the manipulation. Second, the commander of the back centurion was called posterior.
Triple array. Setting up the formation before the battle.
The republican army was set up to fight in a three row order. This side-by-side manipulation enabled the tired soldiers to retreat quickly behind the ranks of colleagues in the distant lines. It also allowed to escape behind the lines of heavily armed light armed velets (velites) after firing all the ammunition. The youngest and least experienced soldiers, hastati stood in the front row. The second was older, better armed principes, and the last was the oldest and most experienced, triaria. Legionaries were therefore divided by class, according to experience and age. First, hastati joined the fight, then if their attack failed, they attacked principes. If the attacks of the first two ranks failed to fight, they started triaria. Infantry wings were protected by cavalry (equites), which often assisted infantry at critical moments of the battle.
Ride was called out of 18 centuries of the richest citizens. Together they formed one tactical unit (ala). Each ala was divided into 10 turnae, 30 riders each, and this in turn it consisted of 3 decuriae, 10 horse riders each.
Primus pilus. He was the highest-ranking centurion in the Roman legion and commander of the first legion cohort. The name primus pilus comes from placing the centurion's own centurion in the first row (pilus) of the first cohort during the march.
Conducted by Gaius Marius from 107 to 102 BCE military reform (separate department) enabled the creation of a fully professional and professional army. Legions have received an image that has survived to our times and will always be associated with them. We are talking here about perfectly trained, heavily armed legionaries.
The reform allowed even the poorest layers to join the army, which definitely increased the size of the army. Three different types of heavy infantry units have been replaced by one unit, based in some sense on principes. All soldiers were equally armed: sword (gladius), shield (scutum), armor (lorica hamata or lorica segmentata), helmet and javelin (pilum).
Allied forces were significantly reduced, which allowed to integrate the army. The role of the allied forces fell to the new unit called auxilia. It included special units such as: engineers, scouts, artillery workers, craftsmen, servants, mercenaries, and allied and local militia units. These units were organized into larger units: light cavalry, light infantry or troops and workers. A scout unit of 10 light horsemen (speculatores) was also created. All recruits who had no Roman citizenship previously received them when they entered service.
The legion's structure was also definitely reformed. Legia was divided into smaller tactical units cohorts (cohorts). There were usually 6 to 10 cohorts in the legion, each consisting of 5 to 8 centuries. The centurion was commanded by a centurion, accompanied by optio, a soldier who could read and write. The highest age of centurions was called primus pilus. He was the highest centurion in the Roman legion and commander of the first legion cohort. He was also called primipilus.
In order to increase the speed of the army's march and make the legionaries independent of the rolling stock, each soldier had to carry, in addition to his equipment, food for 15 days. In this way, a huge chain of mules carrying supplies for the army was eliminated, which definitely slowed down the march. Apparently, the legionary soldier carried a load of 37 kg on his shoulders.
Setting the legion at the end I century CE
The legion of this period ranged from 4,000 to 5,000 soldiers. However, given the fact that servants marched along with the legion, engineers and other auxiliary fighters could put up to 6,000 men. However, as a result of numerous campaigns, the Roman legion in the 1st century BCE had an average of 3,500 legionaries.
Legion was the largest tactical unit of the Roman army, consisting mainly of heavy-armed infantry. Some say that Roman legions were the best military formation of the ancient world.
Numerous war campaigns and civil wars conducted in the 1st century BCE led to an incredible increase in the number of legions. After defeating in 31 BCE in the battle of Actium Mark Antony, Octavian Augustus had almost 50 legions under his command. His first step after taking office was to reduce this number by half to 25 and to settle all financial matters, i.e. overdue pay and remuneration. In addition, the princeps dramatically increased the number of auxiliariers, who in the legion from then on had the same number as legionaries. Ultimately, successive descendants of Augustus had 30 perfectly trained and dedicated legions under their command. Each legion had between 4,000 and 6,000 soldiers supported by a similar number of support troops.
Officially, the Roman legion of the late republic and early empire should have 5,248 people, including 128 horsemen, 640 commanders, contubernium, 59 optio, 59 centurions of different rank, camp prefect, one actually a significant military tribune and legate.
During the period of peace, called by the Romans Pax Romana, a better legion ranged from 8,000 to 12,000 soldiers and was usually stationed at the border or in inflamed areas. It happened that some legions reached up to 15,000, 16,000 soldiers.
Legions, just like during the fall of the republic, began to play an increasingly important role in politics. Legionaries noticing their strength, not only military, began to have an increasingly greater impact on the fate of the state, through the choice of emperors. You can mention, for example, the Vespasian chosen by the army as emperor and generally the event called the year of the four emperors in 68 CE.
Relief of the Trajan columns showing Roman archers in action (left top) who are just behind a heavy legionary infantry . It is worth noting the conical helmets and recurve arches, which indicates the Syrian origin of the unit.
The legion was commanded by a legate (legate or legatus). This commander was 30 years old and usually sat on the senate benches for 3 years. Under his orders there were 6 military tribunes, where five were officers and one important figure of the senate. Other important personalities in the legion are: medical officer, engineer officer and camp commander (praefectus castrorum).
In the 2nd century CE, the emperor Hadrian established special units of light infantry (numerus) and cavalry (cunei). Soldiers from newly conquered lands were recruited to the numerus units. To protect himself from unexpected complications in the form of rebellion, Hadrian ordered to send them far from his homeland. The soldiers kept their native armament and the manner of fighting, however they were commanded by Roman officers. In addition, Hadrian formed a side imperial cavalry unit (equites singulares imperatoris), with 500 selected riders from auxiliary units.
In the second half of the 3rd century CE, during the reign of Galien, new formations were created. It was a reserve army composed solely of cavalry (equites), whose commander soon became the most powerful person in the state.
Roman legionary during the reign of Septimius Severus (II / III century CE). At that time, lorica hamata was popular, but still lorica segmentata. Most legionaries used oval shields, although, as we can see in the figure, rectangular ones were also used.
Author: Pablo Outeiral
Comitatenses, these troops were stationed deep within the empire and were supposed to prevent invaders from entering the empire.
During the late Empire, the number of legions and the number of Roman troops increased significantly. It was mainly caused by unrest at the borders, huge territory and many civil wars that broke out in the country. A clear change in the structure of the legion took place during the reign of Diocletian, at the end of the third century CE. Then the legions were transformed into the so-called legiones palatinae. We do not have certain information as to the size of the new troops, but researchers say about 1000-2000 people along with the cavalry. The first legions of this type were: Lanciarii, Joviani, Herculiani and Divitenses.
Constantine II began the process of multiplying small and less significant legions. At that time, two more types of units were created: comitatenses and pseudocomitatenses. It is also worth mentioning the unit newly created in 325 CE by Constantine the Great, auxilia palatina. According to sources in the 4th century CE, under the leadership of the emperor there were: 25 legiones palatinae, 47 legiones pseudocomitatenses, 70 legiones comitatenses and 111 auxilia palatina.
However, the most important change in the reforms of Diocletian and Constantine was certainly the division of the army into appropriate formations: limitanei, candidati and the mentioned comitatenses. Limitanei were scattered across borders, and their main task was to repel enemy attacks. Comitatenses, to some extent constituted by barbarians, were the main part of the army and were to support the troops defending the borders. Candidati, in turn, were the Imperial Guard. The modernization of the army and structural changes in the legion were to help the soldiers defend the great empire. The constant problems with the number of recruits and the disappearance of civic values led to a decline in the combat strength of the Roman army.
Great Roman civil war
Battle of Ruspina and Thapsus
Battle of Cannae
Battle of the Trebia
Dando-Collins Stephen, Legiony Cezara, Warszawa 2004
Dando-Collins Stephen, Machina do zabijania - XIV Legion Nerona, Warszawa 2008
Dando-Collins Stephen, Żołnierze Marka Antoniusza. III Legion Galijski, Warszawa 2007
Rodgers Nigel, Rzymska armia. Legiony, wojny, kampanie, Warszawa 2009
Warry John, Armie świata antycznego, Warszawa 1995
Żygulski Zdzisław, Broń Starożytna: Grecja, Rzym, Galia, Germania, Warszawa 1998
Let the man who does not wish to be idle fall in love!~Ovid


Hyman George Rickover (January 27, 1900 – July 8, 1986) was a United States Navy admiral who directed the original development of naval nuclear propulsion and controlled its operations for three decades as director of Naval Reactors. In addition, he oversaw the development of the Shippingport Atomic Power Station, the world's first commercial pressurized water reactor used for generating electricity. As of July 2007, the Naval Sea Systems Command programs which he oversaw the creation and operation of had produced 200 nuclear-powered submarines, and 23 nuclear-powered aircraft carriers and cruisers, though many of these U.S. vessels are now decommissioned and others are under construction.


Emily Margarit Mason, rock patterns, 2018.
For Emily Margarit Mason, the deserts and mountains of New Mexico have a lot in common with the beaches of Florida where she grew up. Her art, in turn, pays homage to both mountain and sky, desert and ocean—the past echoing within the present. Her first solo exhibition in Santa Fe, Shadows Through a Petal, features meditations on place and memory that incorporate digital photography with an overtly physical art-making process. The exhibition is on view at Strangers Collective's No Land art space --now extended through January 13, 2019.
Theodore Cale Schafer - currently residing in Santa Fe, New Mexico - has collaborated with Angelo Harmsworth, Natalia Panzer, Max Klebanoff, and many more. He works primarily with field recordings, virtually sourced audio, and occasional instrumentation.
Theodore is part of the art collective "Lynn", co-curates the label Looking at Your Mint with Natalia Panzer, and co-runs the local art space Etiquette with Drew Lenihan and Sarah Bradley.


text:
The Antelope Valley Times
Your community. Your issues. Your news.
Valley residents support Chick-fil-A Appreciation Day
by David Cox, Contributing Writer • August 2, 2012
Wednesday, several diners flocked to the Chick-Fil-A restaurant closest to the Antelope Valley at 24180 Magic Mountain Parkway in the Westfield Valencia Town Center.
SANTA CLARITA – The nearest Chick-fil-A is more than 40 miles away, but that didn't stop local supporters from making the trip to enjoy a meal at the chicken fast-food restaurant Wednesday.
David Darr drove his wife and two other friends from Lancaster to Santa Clarita in a carpool to offer support.
"I'm here because former Governor Mike Huckabee suggested that this would be good day to have a Chick-fil-A Appreciation Day," Darr said.
Darr was one of several people who flocked to the Chick-fil-A restaurant closest to the Antelope Valley in honor of Chick-fil-A Appreciation Day on Aug. 1, a movement initiated by former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee to counter the backlash Chick-fil-A has received because its leadership opposes same-sex marriage.
The restaurant's Santa Clarita location experienced good customer traffic from the late breakfast hours to the peak of the lunchtime traffic.
Towards the beginning of the lunchtime period, the line in the store began to flow out towards the front entrance, and by 11:20 a.m., customers had to stand in line outside the restaurant on the asphalt driveway.
"I support their values, beliefs, and how they run their business," said Kelly Meyer, children in tow on Mom's morning out. Meyer said she made a particular effort to show up Wednesday because it was Chick-fil-A Appreciation Day.
Other customers, who declined to be interviewed, also offered support for the Chick-fil-A chain.
The support comes in the wake of recent comments made by the company's Chief Operating Officer, Dan Cathy, that sparked a national furor over gays, gay marriage and the restaurant chain.
Listen to Dan Cathy's remarks here:
Following the remarks, several leaders of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community called for a boycott of the chain.
Still, the restaurant posted record-setting sales on Wednesday for Chick-fil-A Appreciation Day, according to Steve Robinson, Chick-fil-A's executive vice president of marketing.
"We are very grateful and humbled by the incredible turnout of loyal Chick-fil-A customers on August 1 at Chick-fil-A restaurants around the country. Chick-fil-A Appreciation Day was not a company promotion; it was initiated by others," Robinson said in a press release. "While we don't release exact sales numbers, it was an unprecedented day."
Chick-fil-A is a Georgia-based company with more than 1,615 locations in 39 states. It posted $4.1 billion in sales for 2011.
The company is a privately held, family owned business that closes on Sunday, which "make(s) us a stronger company and a Chick-fil-A family," according to the company's website.
Chick-fil-A is also listed as one of the businesses residents would like to have in Palmdale, according to the City of Palmdale website.
(David Cox is the publisher of wanderingpilgrimsprogress.blogspot.com.)
Filed Under: Palmdale
36 comments for "Valley residents support Chick-fil-A Appreciation Day"
1st Ammendment Man says
Protestors from the LGBT groups are no less bigoted than the likes of George Wallace, Tom Metzger, and Malcom X.
It is the actions of the LBGT crowd that have caused me to support Cathy and Chik-Fil-A all the more, because of the complete overreaction to what should have been a blip of a story in the news.
R.W says
I'm all for SSM, I don't see why we heterosexuals should be the only people to have to put up with mother-in-laws & live in misery…
hm says
bravo to chick-fil-A for sticking to your morals and values…more people in this country should do so as well.. just curious tho, to those of you that belong to the GLAD movement, would your business survive if people boycotted it just because of your sexual choices? wouldn't you want everyone to support your company? I think you ought to re-think your boycott stand on companies that don't agree with your choice of a "sex life"..
Palmdale_Steve says
Chick-fil-A is also not open on Sundays, keeping the Sabbath is one of the core values of the company. Where's the protest about that?
Really says
get a new name troll!!!
anotherdummy says
Brilliant advertising on the part of Chick-Fil-A, indeed… In the short-run at least… To a growing number of people, the arguments against same sex marriage are very similar to the arguments against interracial marriage prior to 1967. When I say "growing number of people," I mean that. The proportion of those for and against gay marriage continues to shift towards those in favor of marriage equality for gays. With this in mind, after the hype has died down from this and as opinions continue to shift, CFA will probably be hurt in the long run.
Indeed, people have freedom of speech, and more power to you for stating any opinion you have. Personally, I have no hate for people based on their opinions (CFA included). However, it stumps me as to why people are celebrating their statements. If they were standing out against black/white marriage, would they be celebrated for "exercising their free speech?" I doubt it.
Raptorman says
It's interesting that you misrepresent what happened with Mr Cathy, the CEO of Chick-Fil-A. It was an interview where he stated his PERSONAL views. This had nothing to do with their company policies.
The political hucksters within the GLBT community has tried to make it about a company discriminating which is very far from the truth. As a former business owner (now retired) I didn't care if you had a bone through your nose. If you have the money and you're not creeping out the other customers, come on in!
If the GLBT people want to sell chicken, more power to them. Leave Chick-Fil-A alone. If you have a better product, it will last and that is what Chick-Fil-A has done for a very long time.
Besides, banning inter-racial mariage was something the Democrats did. Now Democrats want to ban Chick-Fil-A.
"We are very much supportive of the family — the biblical definition of the family unit. We are a family-owned business, a family-led business, and we are married to our first wives. We give God thanks for that."
Sure seems like he was speaking on behalf of the company to me…. and regardless party, the comparison between interracial and gay marriage is strikingly similar.
Now, I also disagree with any local government trying to enforce 'moral' issues, such as Chicago.
Quartz Hill Resident says
We need a Chick Fil A in the AV!
Abe says
Hey, why not…we've got a Trader Joe's.
Either brilliant advertising, or just a company that is on the side of good. Either way, it's GREAT.
TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE
Would you fly an airline that crashed 50% of the time? I'm sure you would. Heterosexuals have made a mess of 'traditional marriage' and the bigots think that denying same-sex marriage is the solution.
Ya see, Abe. The more you express your bigotry, the more it illustrates that you have to counterbalance your own repressed homosexuality. It's like those counter-balance shafts in 4-cyliinder engines to keep them running smooth. If you weren't repressing, you wouldn't give ****.
If a same-sex couple down the street from you gets married, it has no real impact on you except for your obsession to deny your own 'inner sissy'. Do you have a big black pickup truck so everyone knows you're compensating for something?
So, why is it that when somebody doesn't share your view (about half of the country does, by the way), you resort to calling them gay….which apparently you consider an insult? I guess that's the response of a frustrated guy who has no real come-back. I suppose you have a problem with Chick-Fil-A closing on Sundays….or is that because they are all closet homosexuals?
Abe, you are always ranting about homosexuals. I was pointing out that it's very often due to repressed homosexuality on your part. It's the repression and attendant hypocrisy that I'm riding you for and I love riding you.
I don't consider that 'calling you gay' is an insult. I'm talking about your repression and hypocrisy. Normal, self-confident straight guys don't have a problem with gay marriage. It doesn't affect them and they aren't repressing anything like you and Ace do.
Was I right about the pickup truck? Did I get the color right?
Look at Ace's comments on homosexuality. He's got issues but they are within him. He just can't see that.
So, every time you need to make nasty remarks about homosexuals, it's like Nixon saying "I am not a crook" or a kid with pudding all over his face saying "I didn't eat the pudding". Really? It's like you're 'outing' yourself every time you do it even when you think you're doing the opposite.
You "love riding" me?
PS- Wrong on both counts. I drive a pink Prius.
Sebastian says
Oh my, Abe, a pink Prius! How devine. I ride a full dress pink Harley, with matching leathers and helmet. I really turns heads riding down Santa Monica Blvd.
Maybe we can hook up for a ride to Chick-Fil-A some time Sebastian!!
OOOH, that would just be super ;)
If you don't mind, would you wear the chaps with the butt-cheeks cut out?
Like a rented mule.
Most successful free advertising scam in the entire history of fast food. Every other fast food company is wishing it had created this controversy first.
Quigley says
No sh#!…Genius
Really? From now on Chick-fil-A will be associated with bigotry.
Bon Appetit.
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As first reported by Toby in the forums, Apple Pay badges have appeared in some Apple Maps listings for select Woolworths and Coles locations in Australia. It probably doesn't mean anything, given that many, many, Australian retailers already support contactless payments, but it gives me hope that we'll see Apple Pay before the end of the year. MacRumors says Apple Pay badges have been spotted in Apple Maps listings in other countries, and once again, I'm curious to know why Apple Pay was launched in the US before other countries with better support for contactless payments.
A new class-action lawsuit against Apple alleges Wi-Fi Assist has burned through over $5 million in mobile data. The lawsuit says Apple failed to notify users its Wi-Fi Assist feature would use mobile data in the event of poor connectivity over Wi-Fi, turning on the feature by default with the update to iOS 9, with Apple also accused of downplaying the possible charges brought about the use of the Wi-Fi Assist feature.
Re/code writes Apple has hired Nvidia's director of deep learning Jonathan Cohen. Nvidia has previously sold their graphics cards to carmakers, who then use Nvidia's AI to train their autonomous vehicles, so you can kind of see where this is going. As for Cohen, he's previously discussed how Nvidia's tech is used in self-driving cars at CES.
Fraser Speirs got some hands-on time with the iPad Pro, and then held an impromptu Q&A session on Twitter about the device. The larger screen of the iPad Pro makes it suited to serious productivity in ways that the iPad Air isn't, with Speirs telling anyone who works with text-editors and other productivity suites to check out the device. Speirs also said the iPad Pro might not be a better content consumption device, compared to other iPads.
Apple's latest App Store data says iOS 9 is installed on over 60% of active devices.
With the launch of the new Apple TV later this week, iMore has an Apple TV buyers guide that runs through a few basics of the device, even though there's still no official word from Apple on what we'll be using the on-board storage for. Apps and games will use up the storage, but what about content we stream from the iTunes Store?
I don't know about you, but I'm pretty excited about the possibilities of 3D Touch as an interaction method, beyond the standard Peek and Pop. Examples of possible 3D Touch actions could be one-finger zooming, as well as controlling animations — I'm sure there's plenty more interactions developers can think up.
Last Friday, 14 years ago, Steve Jobs introduced the original iPod. It was a device which turned things around for the company, to say the least.
Stephen Hackett remembers Apple's special music events, which were usually held sometime in September or October. IPods have taken a back seat in recent years, given the company's focus on iOS devices and the Mac, but they're still an important part of the Apple lineup.
Macworld writes about Apple's attention to detail, even sweating the small stuff when designing even mundane accessories such as power cables.
TouchArcade has a review of Please Don't Touch Anything, which is kind of an interesting name for a game that's primarily focused on puzzle-based gameplay, which means you end up touching everything.
The Verge brings up a good point about Emoji — there's just too many of the damn things now, and with recent iOS updates only adding even more variants as well as brand-new Emojis, how is anyone supposed to find what they're looking for?


I have a Fine Art background and studied Textiles and Embroidery at Goldsmiths College in the 1970s. Since then I have developed my work by exploring different techniques through themes and completing commissions. I have taught art and textiles to a wide range of ages and for 15 years was Head of Art in a Sixth Form College.
Hand dyed and painted fabrics in a selection of textures to recreate the early morning light through the trees and the layered build up of surfaces on the woodland floor. The work has been mounted on a canvas stretcher. This composition is made of collaged, hand painted fabrics that have been layered to represent the cool, fresh atmosphere of an early spring day. Raw edged appliqué gives softer edges to areas of the landscape and vegetation. The woodpecker has been printed on to the fabric using a stencil. Fabric collage and hand stitching creates texture to the tree bark. The rest of the composition is made up of patterned patches to represent the surrounding countryside. This quilt has been pieced with fabrics of different textures and the trees and petals were hand upainted before applying. The snowdrops were bonded into place before the quilt was machine stitched. This quilt called The Urban Fox of York was bought by a local lady when it was on display during the Quilt City Show last Autumn. The fabrics have been hand painted and raw edge appliqued. Free motion stitching has been used to draw in the details.


text:
package software.amazon.awssdk.protocol;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationFeature;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import software.amazon.awssdk.protocol.model.TestCase;
import software.amazon.awssdk.protocol.model.TestSuite;

/**
 * Loads the test specification from it's JSON representation. Assumes the JSON files are in the
 * AwsDrSharedSdk package under /test/protocols.
 */
public final class ProtocolTestSuiteLoader {

    private static final String RESOURCE_PREFIX = "/software/amazon/awssdk/protocol/suites/";
    private static final ObjectMapper MAPPER = new ObjectMapper()
            .enable(JsonParser.Feature.ALLOW_COMMENTS)
            .enable(DeserializationFeature.ACCEPT_SINGLE_VALUE_AS_ARRAY);

    public List<TestCase> load(String suitePath) throws IOException {
        return loadTestSuite(suitePath).getTestCases().stream()
                                       .flatMap(this::loadTestCases)
                                       .collect(Collectors.toList());
    }

    private TestSuite loadTestSuite(String suitePath) throws IOException {
        return MAPPER.readValue(getClass().getResource(RESOURCE_PREFIX + suitePath),
                                TestSuite.class);
    }

    private Stream<? extends TestCase> loadTestCases(String testCase) {
        try {
            List<TestCase> testCases = MAPPER
                    .readValue(getClass().getResource(RESOURCE_PREFIX + testCase), new ListTypeReference());
            return testCases.stream();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    private static class ListTypeReference extends TypeReference<List<TestCase>> {
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub