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More metals, more planets?
by Spencer Wallace | Jan 14, 2020 | Daily Paper Summaries | 0 comments
Title: Do Metal-rich Stars Make Metal-rich Planets? New Insights on Giant Planet Formation from Host Star Abundances
Authors: Johanna K. Teske, Daniel Thorngren, Jonathan J. Fortney, Natalie Hinkel, John M. Brewer
First Author's Institution: Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, Pasadena, CA
Status: Accepted for Publication in the Astronomical Journal, preprint on arxiv
A complete, start-to-finish picture of planet formation process continues to elude astronomers. We know that dust grains around young stars collide to form pebble (roughly centimeter) sized bodies. This stage has been observationally confirmed by examining the infrared and radio emission from protoplanetary disks. Beyond this stage, however, the details get less clear. Simple theoretical models predict that bodies larger than pebbles should quickly spiral in and fall onto the host star, due to the aerodynamic drag from the surrounding gas. Even if growing planet-building material can somehow avert this fate, laboratory experiments suggest that it is extremely difficult for any larger bodies to grow further by sticking together. To further complicate matters, bodies larger than pebbles do not emit or reflect very much light, making later stages of planet formation nearly impossible to directly observe.
Figure 1: An artist's rendition of planets forming within a protoplanetary disk. The central star and planets are thought to form from similar materials. Differences in composition between these bodies might provide clues to how the planets actually came to be. (Image credit: Pat Rawlings, NASA)
Nevertheless, there is much that can be learned about this complex process by matching observed properties of planets with their host star. One clue that narrows down the possible formation pathways is the fact that gas giant planets are more common around metal-rich stars. This suggests that these planets form by first growing a metal-rich core, which accumulates a gaseous envelope after passing a certain threshold mass. A more metal-rich star generally implies that the protoplanetary disk was also metal-rich. This should therefore allow the core of the planet to form more quickly and efficiently.
Although this trend is broadly true, the details introduce further complications. In particular, the giant planets in the solar system are slightly more metal-rich than the Sun. This suggests that planet-building material might grow in locally concentrated pockets throughout the protoplanetary disk. This explanation conveniently solves some of the problems with the radial drift and growth barriers mentioned above. To shed more light on this process, the authors of today's paper examine the relation between the metallicity of a number of gas giant exoplanets and their host stars. In doing so, they hope to uncover some additional clues into how these worlds came to be and how these growth barriers are overcome.
Know thy star, and thy planet
Measuring the chemical abundances of stars is fairly straightforward, given a big enough telescope and enough observing time. Stars emit massive amounts of light and their compositions can be determined from absorption lines in their spectrum. Unfortunately, giant planets do not produce enough light to make measurements like this possible. To get around this problem, the authors chose a number of gas giant exoplanets which have reasonably-well measured masses (via radial velocity measurements) and radii (from transit measurements) to study. To figure out the composition of the planets, the authors use a thermal evolution model, which predicts the radius of the planet given a mass and set of chemical abundances. The individual chemical abundances are then tuned until the predicted radius matches observations. In total, these measurements were done for 22 exoplanetary systems. 19 of these also required chemical abundance measurements for the host star, which was done with the Keck, Magellan and Subaru telescopes.
Figure 2: Correlations between the mass of an exoplanet and the abundance of some common chemical elements in its interior, relative to the abundance in the host star. The tau value indicates the strength of the correlation between these quantities, with 0 representing no correlation and 1 or -1 representing a perfect correlation or anti-correlation.
To begin their analysis, the authors compare the calculated chemical abundances of the planets with the masses of the planets. This is shown in figure 2. Using Bayesian analysis, the authors find that more massive planets tend to have lower metallicities, relative to the host star. This can be explained by the core accretion model described above. In this model, the mass required to trigger gas accretion is fairly universal, and so more massive giant planets simply have more hydrogen, which lowers their overall metallicity. It turns out that this anti-correlation between the planet's mass and metallicity has been previously found. The purpose of doing the analysis here is to ensure that the abundances predicted by the thermal evolution model make sense.
Next, the authors compare the metallicity of the host star to the 'residual' abundances of the giant planets. Here, 'residual' refers to how much of a given element is present beyond what one would expect from the mass of the planet alone. If a more metal-rich protoplanetary disk produces more metal-rich planets, one would expect a higher fraction of residual metals in planets around metal-rich stars. As shown in figure 3, this, surprisingly, does not appear to be the case. There is no strong correlation between the two quantities.
Figure 3: Correlations between the metallicity of the host star and the residual abundance of some common chemical elements in its interior. There are no strong correlations between these quantities, which suggests that all giant planets have similar metal fractions, regardless of the metallicity of the host star.
Why no extra metals?
How could one explain this lack of a positive correlation? It's possible that the the cores of giant planets only form in regions of protoplanetary disks where metals become sufficiently concentrated. This is a particularly attractive explanation, as, again, it would circumvent the growth barriers beyond cm-sized bodies mentioned in the introduction. It might be the case that dust grains and pebbles drift inwards due to gas drag and become trapped in specific regions of the disk. Once the metallicity of these regions passes some threshold, which is independent of the metallicity of the star, the next phase of planet formation suddenly proceeds.
This result is also interesting because it appears to be at-odds with the previously seen correlation between host star metallicity and giant planet occurrence rate. Presumably, there are more giant planets around metal-rich stars because there are more metals available in the disk to form the cores of the planets. But it is possible that this is a false correlation. Stellar metallicity depends on the surrounding galactic environment. Maybe the giant planet occurrence rate is also somehow set by location in the galaxy?
In any case, the lack of correlation between stellar abundance and residual giant planet abundance is surprising and interesting. This lack of a trend can be used as a new constraint on giant planet formation, which theorists will need to work to reproduce in their models. Additionally, it might provide a new clue into how exactly planet building material grows larger than pebbles.
About Spencer Wallace
I'm a member of the UW Astronomy N-body shop working with Thomas Quinn to study simulations of planet formation. In particular, I'm interested in how this process plays out around M stars, which put out huge amounts of radiation during the pre main-sequence phase and are known to host extremely short period planets. When I'm not thinking about planet formation, I'm an avid hiker/backpacker and play bass for the band Night Lunch.
Mercury's surprising density: What about magnets? Are Carbon-Rich Planets Just an Observational Bias? Giant planets from far out there Ripping Apart Asteroids to Account for Earth's Strangeness
spectroscopy transits galaxy evolution galaxies Milky Way astronomical methods binary stars stars exoplanets habitability astrophysics cosmology radio astronomy stellar evolution simulations solar system supernovae observations astronomy star formation Kepler planet formation theory gravitational waves planetary science protoplanetary disks AGN black holes dark matter AAS


At one pole, it is storage of energy and at the other it is its depletion. Sharma, Head of History Department, St. Session Cookies Session cookies are temporary and deleted from your machine when your web browser closes. . Pre-requisites for successful achievement of the meditation practice are a lacto-vegetarian diet, abstaining from drugs and alcohol, and maintaining a pure and moral lifestyle.
In the pipeline My registration form No. Again the kotwal could not believe the news. The Radhasoami conception of the interior realm alluded to by the sants is articulated in considerably greater than it was by the sants themselves: it has multiple tiers, the discovery of which involves a journey through increasingly rarefied strata of consciousness. The path is non-sectarian and incorporates a meditation practice, adherence to a vegetarian diet, abstinence from intoxicants, and a moral and ethical lifestyle. A customer care executive promised that Rs. The two men who founded these two movements and whose names are incidentally confusingly similar had the same gurus and teachers in the Sant tradition of the Sikhism in Northern India see the various documents at. We are not supposed to use it for any other reason.
Founders - Ustad Inayat Khan Exponents - Ghulam Mustafa Khan, Ustad Nissar Hussain Khan, Ustad Rashid Khan, Sulochana and Brihaspati. According to Pierluigi Zoccatelli, there were an estimated 3 million Radhasoami followers worldwide in 2004, with many subsects based on the Guru. If you do not want cookies to be dropped on your device, you can adjust the setting of your Internet browser to reject the setting of all or some cookies and to alert you when a cookie is placed on your device. The Sikh gurus condemned the system ofsatilong before any notice was taken of it by Akbar. स्वामी जी महाराज इस संसार मे जीवों को निज घर का भेद समझाने तथा सुरत शब्? He died on 15 June 1878 in ,. Hence a premie might learn how incredibly 'unlikely' it is that their Master and 'Knowledge' are so unique and also may be able to understand the more prosaic reasons behind their Master's perceived status and the social context that made him what he is.
If his personality is to be assessed, this assumption has got to be demonstrated as false. Chauth and Sardeshmukhi were also the main sources of income of the regime from enemy states. Mlecchas like the Portuguese, the British, the Siddis and the Mughals were thus effectively kept in check. These security money were paid by the people who were citizens of the enemy states. People may find it difficult to accept that a person who is a man of action of this world, can be religious, without renouncing the mundane life. Dadaji Maharaj से पूछा- संसार में कुगुरु अधिक हो गए हैं? A horse was waiting for them. But modern research disproves the theory of indebtness of Indian Bhakti movement to Christianity and Islam.
What are Cookies and Other Tracking Technologies? Muslim women and children were respected and not even touched, only terrorists were killed. The edifice of its teachings rest upon the thought and philosphy of the founder gurus Soamiji Maharaj and Huzur Maharaj. January, 1915 on the Basant Panchami Day by planting a mulberry tree near 'Mubarak Kuan' Holy Well by Param Guru Sahabji Maharaj. There is the unknown, the reserve of truth, which the intellect cannot reach and yet feels to lie behind. Shivaji recruited only able persons in his army.
Shivaji respected women, cow and Bharat since childhood. This Spirit runs through all existence and life, and does not admit of any division or fragmentation whatsoever. Hopefully your some views for being considered for Unified Field Theory are recognized by International Science Community, hence I soon read the fundamental aspect proposed by you. During the earliest period of Indian history,karma- margdominated religion and society. Even big corporations are no exception.
Radhasoami is basically a more popular version of the Sant mat teachings. He declared that I will not return home and will breath my last in his Dinod. Only to result in killings of millions of innocent Hindus in the hands of muslims in 1947 to 1950. Many practices in Radhasoami faith appear similar to the practices of the Muslim mystics - total surrender to the worship of the perfect adept, the idea of the beloved Supreme Being and the lover devotee , the intensity of pure love, the ideal of ever-absorption in the thought of the highest reality and the singing of emotional hymns. He gave up the use Sanskrit and adopted the language of the people and freely admitted many a follower of the lower castes to his fold. His army mostly composed of light infantry and light cavalry was admirably well-adapted to guerilla warfare and hill campaign.
In Indian classical music, what is a GHARANA? How many GHARANAs are there and what is the difference between them?
This has led to the fellowship being commonly called Radha Soami. But through the unbounded Grace and Mercy of my most Revered Guru that desire of my past birth is being fulfilled now. The faith, in fact, came as a bold reaction against prevalent traditionalism and ritualism of the eighteenth century religion. TheUpanishads,then, came forth as the first embodiment of the bold speculations of the recluses and propounded the path of knowledge. The birth of the faith in 1861, appears to be the final stage in the development ofSant traditions. It is believed that the souls of the dead are set free on this night to visit their relatives.
Satsang in Radha Soami Sect and Lineage After the founder and the first guru — Soamiji Maharaj — died in 1878, the satsang tradition started by him with his disciple Hazur Maharaj Rai Saligram Bahadur was continued by Hazur Maharaj at his residence: Hazuri Bhawan, Peepal Mandi, Agra. For the first three or four days, the sentries checked the sweet baskets leaving the guesthouse. Founders - Abdul Karim Khan and Abdul Wahid Khan Exponents - Hirabhai Barodekar, Begum Akhtar, Bhimsen Joshi, Gangubai Hangal and Prabha Atre. Patiala Gharana - Patiala Gharana is regarded as an offshoot of the Delhi Gharana. Gravitation Force Theory of Newton is also an example of such observation and intuition work involving no experiments and measurements. A curious reader finds it strange as to why a faith which rejects the whole Hindu pantheon has a name -Radhasoami. The army of Shivaji defeated the Bijapur Sultanate in the Battle of Pratapgarh.
Every fort was kept under three officers of equal status. The monument is a hexagonal pyramid, with its six sides being in the shape of star, as 's first name 'Tara' means a star. He holds that guru Gobind Singh travelled far and wide and went to Poona in Maharashtra and brought in his fold many a member of the Peshwa family. His sole purpose was to preach the gospel of love. Till then no one had dared to behave in that manner at the court of the Sultan of Bijapur. Creation Theory, and Intellectual Hypocrisy. Its foundation was laid on October 1st, 1997 by Maharaj.


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Q: CSS3 box-sizing in Safari not working when using display: table     header {
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I am using the CSS code above and in both Chrome and Firefox this is giving the header a total width of 960px like desired however in my Safari 6.02 which should just support "box-sizing" without the need for a prefix but I put one in as a fallback anyway I am getting a total width of 980px which means it is sized upon the content-box. Could anyone tell me why its not working for me ?

A: You are using display: table on your header. This seems to trigger some additional paddings. Adding border-collapse: collapse seems to fix it: http://jsfiddle.net/7Yhwb/1/ (without: http://jsfiddle.net/7Yhwb/)
Edit: I think this is a bug in the WebKit version (536) Safari 6.0.2 is using. In an old Chrome 20, which uses also WebKit 536, the bug is also present.
In the more recent Chrome versions which use WebKit 537 it seems to be fixed.
To fix your problem I would switch to display: block.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Dark Worlds
Canadian Small Press Retro-Pulp magazine published by Dark Worlds Club, British Columbia, and edited by G W Thomas and M D Jackson. It saw four quarterly issues, from Summer 2008 to Spring 2009, with two annual issues since. It is deliberately imitative of the pulp magazines, in its size, format and content, reminiscent of Startling Stories with a touch of Weird Tales. It publishes a mixture of fantasy and science fiction, usually with a dark or Sword and Sorcery element, the science fiction ...
F.P.1 Doesn't Answer
Film (1932; vt Secrets of F.P.1 UK; vt Where the Lighthouse Shines Across the Bay Australia). UFA. Technical credits as for F.P.1 Antwortet Nicht, but starring Conrad Veidt, Jill Esmond and Leslie Fenton. 90 minutes. Black and white. / This is the shorter English-language version of the German film, and was shot at the same time. The acting is better than in the German version. [PN] links / Internet Movie Database
Bogoraz, Vladimir Germanovitch
(1865-1936) Soviet anthropologist and linguist, who also signed himself Waldemar Bogoras and Tan-Bogoraz; a central figure in the study of the Chukchee language of Siberia, on which he published definitively. His sf novel, Zhertvy drakona (1927; trans Stephen Graham as Sons of the Mammoth 1929 US as by Waldemar Bogoras), is Prehistoric SF which reflects his professional concerns in a tale whose Neanderthal protagonists encounter rising human stock and a "mysterious" beast that turns out to be ...
Judd, Cyril
Pseudonym used by C M Kornbluth and Judith Merril (both of whom see for further details) for their two collaborative novels: Outpost Mars (May-July 1951 Galaxy as "Mars Child"; 1952; rev vt Sin in Space 1961) and Gunner Cade (March-May 1952 Astounding; 1952). [BS]
Scott, R T M
Form of name used independently by two Canadian authors, father and son, both christened Reginald Thomas Maitland Scott, though the son was usually called Robert and sometimes wrote simply as Maitland Scott. Scott Senior (1882-1966) had been a much-travelled marine engineer and subsequent soldier during World War One, with the Canadian Expeditionary Force, before settling in the USA and turning to writing. His first story, "Such Bluff as Dreams Are Made Of" (April 1920 Adventure) introduced the ...


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Kao Collins, the leading international ink and inkjet product manufacturer, needed a fresh, modern platform to showcase their engineering innovation and creative uses of their products. So, how do you take a product many take for granted and open up a world of creative possibilities? You create Ink Tank!
The Ink Tank's launch created buzz in the ink industry and the blog has received praise by experts within and outside the industry. It doubled the overall traffic to the Kao Collins website and significantly boosted organic search engine traffic. It proved, and continues to prove once and for all that out-of-the-box thinking makes for innovative inking.


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Kiss the Girls and Make Them Cry
Simon & Schuster Australia, 2019 - 400 pages
When talented journalist Penelope "Casey" Harrison starts to research a piece about the #MeToo movement that includes an incident in her own life which she has been trying to put out of her mind for years, she does not realize that the young man who drugged and assaulted her at a fraternity house party in college is now a wealthy, powerful industrialist on the eve of a merger which will make him a billionaire--and who will do anything, even murder, to cover his tracks.
User Review - gpangel - LibraryThing
Kiss the Girls and Make them Cry by Mary Higgins Clark is a 2019 Simon & Schuster publication. Gina Kane, an investigative reporter, is onto to a good story- she feels it in her bones. After being ... Read full review
User Review - marykuhl - LibraryThing
As far as I know, this was Mary Higgins Clark last published work before her passing. She was one of my favorite authors. I read this book knowing she would not be writing anymore. Gina, a freelance ... Read full review
Kiss the Girls and Make Them Cry: A Novel
Mary Higgins Clark was born in the Bronx, New York on December 24, 1927. After graduating from high school and before she got married, she worked as a secretary, a copy editor, and an airline stewardess. She supplemented the family's income by writing short stories. After her husband died in 1964, leaving her with five children, she worked for many years writing four-minute radio scripts before turning to novels. Her debut novel, Aspire to the Heavens, which is a fictionalized account of the life of George Washington, did not sell well. She decided to focus on writing mystery/suspense novels and in 1975 Where Are the Children? was published. She received a B.A. in philosophy from Fordham University in 1979. Her other works include While My Pretty One Sleeps, Let Me Call You Sweetheart, Moonlight Becomes You, Pretend You Don't See Her, No Place Like Home, The Lost Years, The Melody Lingers On, As Time Goes By and Kiss the Girls and Make Them Cry. She is the author of the Alvirah and Willy series, which began with Weep No More, My Lady. She is also the co-author, with her daughter Carol Higgins Clark, of several holiday crossover books including Deck the Halls, He Sees You When You're Sleeping, Santa Cruise, The Christmas Thief, and Dashing Through the Snow. She writes the Under Suspicion series with Alafair Burke. In 2001, Kitchen Privileges: A Memoir was published. She received numerous honors including the Grand Prix de Literature of France in 1980), the Horatio Alger Award in 1997, the Gold Medal of Honor from the American-Irish Historical Society, the Spirit of Achievement Award from Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University the first Reader's Digest Author of the Year Award 2002 and the Christopher Life Achievement Award in 2003. Many of her titles have made the best sellers list. Her recent books include All By Myself, Alone, I've Got My Eyes On You, and You Don't Own Me. Bestselling suspense novelist, Mary Higgins Clark died on January 31, 2020 at the age of 92.
Title Kiss the Girls and Make Them Cry
Author Mary Higgins Clark
Publisher Simon & Schuster Australia, 2019


If you want to improve your spiritual life [this] Lent, the best place to start is right where you are.
No two families are the same. We differ in age, size, preferences, comfort levels, spiritual experience. Yet, we are a family. Whether we work at it or not, we will experience Lent as a family – even if there are just two of us or there are large group of us. We see, and are affected by what we are doing during Lent – as individuals. If someone else in my family is clearly doing something in Lent that is making a difference in his or her life, that will affect me. And, if someone is not doing anything special during Lent, that will affect me.
So, why not talk about what we are each planning to do?
When you're thinking about what to give up for Lent this year, several categories come to mind. Foods and beverages are the most popular go-to, but the more ingrained technology becomes in our society, the more important it is to keep it in check.
A Good Deed is not a chore. It is an extra responsibility you take on. Making your own bed, cleaning up your own toys, and other daily household/classroom duties do not count as Good Deeds because they are things you are supposed to be doing every day. In contrast, making your parents bed, cleaning up a sibling's toys for them, and helping a parent clean up after dinner is a Good Deed because you are helping someone else to accomplish their job.
The Sermon on the Mount found in the Gospel of Matthew (chapters 5-7) proclaims some of the richest and most familiar teachings of Jesus: the beatitudes (see 5:3-10).
WONDERFUL weekly podcasts with host Amber, who chats with a new guest about living out the great commission as a Mom!
"Changing the World One Diaper at a Time"
Why Should You Get Your Baby Baptized?
Baptism from Saint Dominic Panama City on Vimeo.
What to do and say when teens doen't believe in God!
Too often when adults dialogue with resistant teens about matters of faith, they are guided by their need to be right, rather than to be effective. If you and the teen both need to be right, then you'll have no influence on that teen other than to reinforce their mindset that Christian adults are egotistical, narrow minded, antiquated, control freaks who really don't care about them.
Here are 10 tips to guide you in talking with your teen about their views on God!
National Suicide Prevention LifelineWe can all help prevent suicide. The Lifeline provides 24/7, free and confidential support for people in distress, prevention and crisis resources for you or your loved ones, and best practices for professionals.
Suicide is the second leading cause of death for young people between 10 to 24. Sometimes your struggle can be underestimated because of your age. But we hear you, and help is available.
More than a decade after the first iPhone was introduced to the public, smartphones have become present almost everywhere in American life. At work, school — even the dinner table; and through all hours of the day, the technology has become integrated rapidly into modern life, providing both opportunities and challenges for Catholics.
Almost every day, new allegations of sexual harassment are in the headlines. The #me too campaign has exposed abusive behavior and helped victims, who have been silenced for too long, find their voices again.
Check out HOLY HEROES FREE Mass Prep for kids!
Video Lego representations of Scripture, FREE Color Pages and even a "quiz" or review to see how well we ALL were paying attention!
Acts of cyberbullying and other electronic aggression have caused a great deal of suffering that can and must be prevented. Our job as parents, educators, and other caring adults is to teach the young people in our care how to be a good digital citizen and to insist that they demonstrate an ongoing commitment to using technology wisely and safely.
The following seven steps for preventing and stopping cyberbullying are from Kidpower's bullying solutions book, Bullying – What Adults Need to Know and Do to Keep Kids Safe.
Wouldn't it be nice if fatherhood came with an instruction manual? What if it did? "The BeDADitudes: 8 Ways to Be An Awesome Dad" (Ave Maria Press, $15.95) explores how the eight Beatitudes given to us by Christ in the Sermon on the Mount can shed light on a uniquely Christian vision of fatherhood, enabling faithful dads to become fathers after the Father's own heart.
Here's a sample of how The BeDADitudes can help you be the father God is calling you to be.
What does a Pope pray before bed? Pope Francis' bedtime prayer is one that we can all easily incorporate into our nightly routine. With the beautiful simplicity of this prayer, we can teach our children to come before the Cross of Christ and meditate on what He has done for us.
Encourage your daughters to consider becoming SISTERS!
Happy Nun has turned "Do You Wanna Build a Snowman?" into "Do You Wanna Be a Sister?" and the result is a very inspirational song about how to discern the call to pursue a religious vocation. If you have a daughter under the age of eight, the chances are pretty good that you are still listening to several songs from Frozen repeatedly.
watch the video a few times. The first time I found it quite funny. It's a cute parody and the puppets made me laugh. It's also worth nothing that my 3-year-old was very confused as to why they weren't singing the song right, so be prepared to do some explaining if you're watching it with children. However, the second time through the video, I actually listened to the lyrics…and they're GOOD! Not just good, insightful and helpful to anyone who is discerning the call to a religious vocation.
This Mother's Day take a moment to thank God not only for the gift of your children, but for the gift of the marks they leave on you and for the many ways they have taken you away from "normal".


text:
Garzoubanthon or Orgibate was a town on the Black Sea coast of ancient Paphlagonia, a station on the road heading east of Sinope during Byzantine times.

It is located near Kurzuvet in Asiatic Turkey.

References

Populated places in ancient Paphlagonia
Former populated places in Turkey
History of Sinop Province
Populated places of the Byzantine Empire

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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PA Medical License and DEA required for expedited Credentialing.
Easily accessible from eastern-PA, NJ and southern NY.


The sprinkler system at a manufacturing company extinguished a fire that broke out after the building had shut down for Thanksgiving, fire officials said.
Sharon Fire Capt. Bert Cummings said the blaze at Temptronic, a thermal-component company at 4 Commercial St., began about 6:30 p.m. Wednesday.
�One of their electronic components caught on fire, which activated the sprinkler system,� Cummings said.
An alarm alerted the fire department. A janitor working in the building called 911 a few minutes later.
Cummings said firefighters finished putting out the fire with a small extinguisher.
An employee told firefighters the company would reopen on Monday.


You won't want to miss this year's conference August 8-10th in Seattle, WA. For CAST 2011 the theme will be "Context-Driven Testing." This is the first and only conference to discuss and dive deep into the seven principles of the Context-Driven School. CAST 2011 will provide a venue to explore these principles and help you understand what makes them work, and how they can make your testing great. This years conference will have several new and unique sessions and tutorials, sign up for our mailing list to receive the latest updates and discounts.
Could somebody in touch with me with details on the conferene. We are interested in participating. Will be interested in knowing the profile of the visitors to this conference. We are a software organisation with software testing solutions.
As information about becoming a sponsor or exhibiting becomes available, we will post it to the CAST 2011 portion of our site. Thanks for the interest.
to get a copy of the package.


text:
Q: iphone - Programmatically set (System-wide) proxy settings? I am new to iPhone development, so I'm sorry if this is a stupid question.  I am developing an application whose purpose will be to route all iPhone activity through my company's proxy.
Is there a way to programmatically set system-wide proxy settings in the iPhone (which will also take effect on the 3G connection)?
I know there is a way to manually set proxy settings for each wifi connection.  Detecting new networks and setting the proxy on them would be acceptable.  However, I need to also be able to set the proxy on the 3G connection.
Also, bonus: Is there a way to programmatically change the "Restrictions" settings?
If anyone has any tips or can point me in the right direction, I would appreciate it.  Thanks.
EDIT: Please understand that this is for a legitimate purpose.  Apple has to approve app store additions, so it's not like I'm trying to spread a virus.  Please, constructive answers only.

A: If you're configuring iPhones in a commercial environment, you should look at the Enterprise Deployment Guide. Specifically, you should look at using the iPhone Configuration Utility to create a *.mobileconfig configuration file that can be distributed to all the phones in your network. The *.mobileconfig plist supports changing the following proxy configuration settings on the phone:
PropNetProxiesHTTPEnable (Integer, 1 = Proxy enabled)
PropNetProxiesHTTPProxy (String, Proxy server address)
PropNetProxiesHTTPPort (Integer, Proxy port number)
HTTPProxyUsername (String, optional username)
HTTPProxyPassword (String, optional password)
PropNetProxiesProxyAutoConfigEnable (Integer, 1 = Auto proxy enabled)
PropNetProxiesProxyAutoConfigURLString (String, URL that points to a PAC file where the configuration information is stored)

The iPhone Configuration Utility does not currently support adding or editing those settings, so you may need to get your hands dirty with the Property List Editor application. Also, it looks like the latest version of the Enterprise Deployment Guide does not include the settings I've included above, but you should be able to find it in the previous version of the document.

A: Pretty sure this is outside the Apple provided SDK sandbox.  Probably possible with a jailbreak though.


text:
Adevinta Life
The Diversity, Equity and Inclusion team: a look from within with Rossella Bittichesu
After spending over one year at Adevinta, working in Communications & Engagement and in Learning & Development, Rossella Bittichesu joined the DEI team as a Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Specialist. What does working in DEI entail? In this brief article Rossella answers this question and lets us take a sneak peek into the team's vision.
Rossella: The recent re-org that Adevinta experienced offered me an opportunity that I did not expect. After spending over one year at Adevinta, working in Communications & Engagement first and then in Learning & Development, I was incredibly happy to join the DEI team as a Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Specialist.
Six months ago I got to meet in-person for the very first time Anneke Beerkens, Adevinta's Head of Inclusion and Belonging. I had been really fascinated by the work she had been doing in the company during the last 12 months, which made our encounter and first working session together all the more exciting for me. As a graduate in Interdisciplinary Sustainability who had always been passionate about social and environmental justice, entering the field of DEI represented a huge step in my personal and professional life.
Since then, Anneke and I have kick-started a very fruitful collaboration with one another, aimed at identifying all the potential ways we could enhance Adevinta's efforts to create a more inclusive working environment for all its employees. I learnt quite quickly that, in order to foster equity and inclusion, especially within such a big company, we need everyone to be on board and to understand their role as DEI "ambassadors".
As Adevinta caters to an incredibly large and diverse pool of customers, how can we make sure that our products and services reflect such diverse needs? In other words, how can we make sure that we truly create perfect matches, as our mission states? This is an essential question that we should ask ourselves every day, whether we work as engineers, product managers, recruiters, etc.
The incredible support of Adevinta for Everyone
The day-to-day job of the DEI team revolves around fostering company-wide changes, collaborating with internal and external partners and amplifying at a global scale our marketplaces' efforts to promote equity and inclusion in their workplaces. However, due to the small size of the team (which hopefully will soon grow!) and the long journey ahead of us, our work would be way more challenging if we could not count on the support of Adevinta for Everyone. Also known as A4E, Adevinta for Everyone represents our company's grassroots movement that strives to raise awareness on multiple issues related to DEI and to implement our strategy at a local level.
The greatest thing about this group is that their members come from all walks of life, countries and marketplaces. This mix of experiences and different perspectives allows cross-functional collaborations and connections between colleagues who want to fight for similar causes. From adopting a more inclusive language at work, to creating a community of support for neurodivergent employees, A4E's members complement the work of the DEI team in a way that we did not anticipate, and we are incredibly grateful for that.
A never-ending learning experience
Due to the nature of this job, which often entails working on delicate matters that not everyone is yet willing to embrace or talk about, I became aware of how much I still needed to learn within the realm of DEI. My own personal "DEI story" (as a woman, a queer woman) and my academic background can only inform me up to a certain extent - it still takes a lot of digging and self-educating to fully grasp what it means to suffer other types of discrimination that I have not experienced, and to learn how to show up as an authentic ally for my colleagues.
These six months have gone by incredibly quickly, but they have already taught me so much. I can only look forward to the rest of this journey, and hope that as many Adevintans as possible decide to join forces with us and understand that inclusion is not just a temporary buzzword for the DEI team: we are fully committed to making Adevinta a company where everyone feels like they belong, and we'll be more than happy to have you on board with us if you wish to support our efforts!
Adevinta recognised for sustainability leadership within the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) Europe 2022
Shopping on Adevinta's second-hand online marketplaces saved a potential 28.2 million tonnes CO2 emissions in 2021, according to new report
Adevinta ASA (ADE) – Adevinta reports strong third quarter performance; announces new appointments to its leadership team and assignment of vertical responsibilities
New Adevinta Ventures report reveals that B2B Marketplaces outperform other tech segments in VC funding
Find out more about our Careers at Adevinta and join us!
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Once upon a time, the only online presence a startup needed to worry about was a website. Not long after, a Facebook business page became another virtual necessity. Next came Twitter, where news is so often reported — and even made —before anywhere else. And there's more: Nowadays, if you're a business that relies on visual branding, an Instagram account is a must. Moreover, if your customers are B2B, LinkedIn is a platform that's only growing in importance.
An effective social media strategy can be a boon to virtually any startup or business. But, where do you start? Based on my experience advising entrepreneurs on how building an effective social media strategy can increase the value of their online business, here are six tips to get your social media strategy on the right track.
Stick to a publishing schedule.
When it comes to developing a successful social media strategy, consistency is essential. Entrepreneurs are busy people. It can be easy for you to let days, or even weeks, fly by without publishing a new Facebook post or tweet. That's why a commitment to scheduling is so important. If your audience members can't count on your business to deliver relevant content in a timely manner, you'll find it difficult to keep them engaged.
Luckily, there is an abundance of social media manager apps out there to help keep your content calendar on track. Two of the most established and powerful are Hubspot and Buffer. Handle scheduling across a number of platforms and offer "forever free" plans so you can get your social media calendar up and running at no cost.
For an effective social media strategy, timing is not the only area where consistency is important. Vital to your brand's health is uniformity in voice and messaging across all your channels. The brand persona on your website — in emails and on social media — needs to be kept consistent; otherwise, you risk confusing and alienating your audience.
Maintaining a consistent voice may be easy when you're a solopreneur or you're working with a small team; but as your business grows, you need to be vigilant to ensure your brand stays on message. This is particularly true when you look to outsource your social media and content marketing.
Karl Kangur, managing director of MRR Media, a content marketing agency for SaaS businesses, places a strong emphasis on the importance of consistency: "I stress to each of our clients when they come on board how important it is to have a clearly defined brand persona," he told me. "We work together during the onboarding process to achieve this.
Consistency is important, but "consistent" doesn't have to mean boring. Posting on Twitter, Merriam-Webster has even found a way to make the dictionary entertaining. Of course, your own brand's personality needs to be tailored and authentic to the audience you are trying to reach. Consider giving your followers a peek behind the scenes of your business. Introduce your team members and show customers who and what makes your company tick.
Another strategy that works well for many brands is to have a "corporate" Twitter account that is informational in nature alongside the founder's and team members' personal accounts. While still promotional, what you write there can be more opinionated. An excellent example of this strategy in action is content posted by Elon Musk and Tesla.
When it comes to social media marketing, the temptation may be to focus too heavily on quantity and lose sight of quality. While apps like Buffer and Hubspot make it easy to schedule posts and tweets, don't give into the temptation to just plug them into your content calendar and have them shuffle and repeat.
For your social media strategy to be successful, your audience members must feel they have an authentic connection to your brand. To achieve that kind of connection, there is simply no substitute for sharing high-quality, fresh and engaging content in a timely manner.
Creating quality content consumes significant time and resources. With that in mind, don't feel obligated to have a presence on every platform. Focus on crafting superior content for the platforms most closely aligned with your business's customer segment. While Facebook and Twitter might be considered almost mandatory at this point, think carefully about which additional channels you want to take on.
The reason is that each platform you add to your social media strategy means additional responsibility to create high-quality content unique to that channel. If you're a fashion brand, perhaps you can't do without Instagram or Pinterest, but do you need to be creating content for LinkedIn? Focus your efforts on the platforms most relevant to your business.
One of the unique strengths of social media is that it gives brands a platform to engage in a dialogue with their audience. This is a big part of what makes social media social; listening to your audience is just as important as speaking to them.
Many businesses discover that their customers won't hesitate to share their experience with a brand — positive or negative — on social media. How a brand responds to customer compliments, questions or complaints will go a long way toward determining how successfully they manage to engage their customers through social media.
Whether you're an established social media maven or your business is just now embarking on its social media journey, evaluating and reconsidering your strategy using the six tips outlined above will help set the course for an effective social media strategy.


Thursday night's match in Hobart will be the second time the Hurricanes and Stars have squared off in the BBL finals. In BBL|03, the Stars entered the finals against Hobart as red-hot favourites having gone a perfect 8/8 in the regular season. But on a February night at the MCG, Hobart – led by former Stars batter George Bailey – pulled off the major upset with a dominant seven-wicket win. Leg-spinner Cameron Boyce, who claimed 3-11 and removed the key figures of Luke Wright, Glenn Maxwell and David Hussey, was named player of the match. The Hurricanes would lose the final to Perth, and in two trips to the tournament finale (the other being last season) they have yet to taste ultimate success.
Friday's rivals have never met in the finals and own two contrasting records at the business end of the competition. In BBL|02, the Renegades finished top of the table with seven wins from eight matches, but lost the first semi-final to the Brisbane Heat, who would go on to take out the title. The 'Gades second finals appearance came just last year, where they lost to eventual champions Adelaide Strikers. The Sixers have made the finals four times in seven previous seasons and were crowned inaugural BBL champions in 2011-12. The Magenta Men haven't played a finals match since losing the final against the Scorchers two seasons ago, a nine-wicket thumping at the WACA Ground.
D'Arcy Short and Matt Wade, Hobart's dynamic opening combination. Together, they have put on eight partnerships of 50 or more, with two stands in excess of 100. Their season-high partnership is the unbeaten 158 against the Strikers to win by 10 wickets. As a pair they've been lethal but individually they've been just as damaging. Short is the competition's leading run-scorer with 602 runs at 55, while Wade has 590 runs at 45. Both players have six half-centuries, score at a rapid rate and hit many sixes.
The Renegades return to the finals has been spearheaded by fast bowler Kane Richardson. The right-armer is the competition's leading wicket-taker with 24 wickets in 12 matches. His ability to take wickets in the powerplay and in the closing stages of the innings is what has separated him from his peers and why he has earned a call-up to Australia's T20 and ODI sides.
The semi-finals will be broadcast live on Channel 7, Fox Cricket and Kayo, while you can listen to radio coverage from Croc Media. But if you're in Hobart or Melbourne, get to the match and get the full BBL experience in person. Get your tickets at bigbash.com.au/tickets.


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China Channel
for Sinophiles and the Sinocurious
Little Red Podcast
Lies, Damn Lies and Police Statistics4 min read
January 10, 2018 January 10, 2018 Louisa Lim
Crime and the dark side of the Chinese Dream – Louisa Lim
LISTEN TO THE PODCAST EPISODE
There was once a time when Chinese towns got rich producing a single cheap commodity such as the zip, the cigarette lighter or the humble button. In some parts of China, the model remains the same but the product is crime. Criminal villages – fanzui cun – are emerging, showing a darker side of Xi Jinping's Chinese Dream. Even the staid headlines of the People's Daily cannot hide the Dickensian nature of scams such as the child pickpockets of Daoxian, Hunan – often unsuspecting kids rented out to gangs by their poverty-stricken families – or the cat burglars of Yanhe County in Guizhou or the killers of Shishun, also in Hunan, whose stock-in-trade is murdering migrant miners then posing as grieving family members to seek compensation from mine owners.
"People who couldn't get rich by legal means got rich by other means," explains criminologist Børge Bakken, whose edited volume Crime and the Chinese Dream delves into the factors leading to the emergence of criminal villages. The book's title is also a homage to Crime and the American Dream, a seminal work of criminological theory by Steven Messner and Richard Rosenfeld which argues that America's over-emphasis on materialistic gain led to high crime rates. Bakken believes the same is true in China, because of what he sees as a state capitalist dream: "The Chinese Dream in itself creates criminogenic pressures on society."
One case study, conducted by his student Zhang Xi, examines the "cake-uncle" scam in which fraudsters sell cream cakes to other villages, then falsify the accounts and claim back multiples of what they were due. They use the money to set themselves up in cities far away, diversifying their fraudulent schemes well beyond cakes. As Bakken describes, "They were the first to build three-storey buildings [in the village]. They were the guys … whom the girls wanted to marry. They became millionaires. And now they have spread all over China. They became local criminal entrepreneurs. Other villages came to them."
Crime really does pay in rural China, with the cake-uncles paying backhanders to local police to reduce their sentences, or even to remove their criminal records, both of which could be beneficial to local police who are judged on the basis of local crime rates. Zhang argues that by innovating illegal ways to produce wealth, the cake-uncles are leapfrogging their way out of social exclusion, and acting as the moral and material modernizers of their rural society. Many criminal villages are in the most poverty-stricken areas of China, so their residents are simply finding new ways to follow political dictates, says Bakken. "The Deng Xiaoping rationale that some must get rich first is based on a system of betting on the strong. These people are taking themselves from being the weak to being the strong."
Very few of these crimes are likely to be reflected in official crime statistics, with CCP Central Committee Head of the Commission for Political and Legal Affairs Meng Jianzhu boasting a 43% drop in severe violent crime over the past five years, and one of the lowest murder rates in the world at just 0.62 per 100,000 residents.
Bakken argues that Chinese crime statistics are heavily falsified, since they follow the practice of removing from urban statistics crimes involving migrant workers, who are the victims and perpetrators of 80% of Chinese crimes. Bakken cites one example from his research of the city of Guangzhou, where he has evidence that the official crime numbers cited by police constitute just 2.5 percent of the number of crimes reported to police, with the remaining 97.5% purged from the records.
One reason for this, Bakken says, is administrative. Police get paid and promoted according to the po'an lu or case-cracking rate, leading to incentives to under-report crimes and ensure crimes reported are never registered. Other scholars such as Griffith University's Susan Trevaskes have reported similar findings, including the fact that most police stations have two crime records on file: the real incident report rate and the "fake record." On homicide figures, Bakken believes murder statistics are falsified in order to massage down execution figures. "Murder rates are falsified from the top and all the other rates are falsified from down and up. So it's a system that is being falsified from all kinds of levels, for propaganda reasons, managerial reasons, recording reasons, all kinds of reasons."
The Chinese authorities possess formidable powers to track residents' behaviour, as shown through their treatment of petitioners and through the internal bureaucracy necessary for implementing family planning laws. Yet these powers, Bakken concludes, are often not used by the authorities to counter criminal behaviour. "They seem to be more interested in cracking down on civil society," he says. "Criminal society in some ways is organizing itself very successfully." The result is what he calls "the abnormal normality of China." Instead of fostering the Chinese dream, these conditions are allowing an uncivil society to flourish. ∎
This essay is a companion piece to this week's episode of the Little Red Podcast, hosted by Graeme Smith amd Louisa Lim and distributed by Chinoiresie at Australian National University.
Header: A Chinese prisoner is lead in chains by two guards, from Wikimedia Commons.
Published by Louisa Lim
Louisa Lim is an award-winning journalist who has reported from China for a decade, most recently for National Public Radio. Previously she was the BBC's Beijing Correspondent.	View all posts by Louisa Lim
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Professor of organic electronics Magnus Berggren and his LiU colleagues have been awarded SEK 27 million for the coming five years from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation to work on future technology for liquid fuels that are based on water and oxygen.
The researchers will develop an environmentally sensitive and efficient method to manufacture hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, which releases large amounts of energy when it breaks down into water and oxygen. Hydrogen peroxide is currently used primarily in the pulp and paper industry as a bleaching agent, and the process by which it is manufactured is anything but environmentally sensitive.
Power paper Photo credit Thor BalkhedThe researchers at the Laboratory of Organic Electronics (LOE) have previously developed electrically conducting paper consisting of nanocellulose and conducting polymers. Nanocellulose is a nanoporous material, and 1 gram of the conducting paper, known as "power paper", has an electrically conducting area that corresponds to 400 m2.
Recently, the researchers at LOE have discovered that organic crystals of certain dyes when combined with conducting polymers are excellent catalysts in the conversion of water and oxygen to hydrogen peroxide, using either sunlight or electricity as energy source. The hydrogen peroxide can subsequently be converted back to water and oxygen in closed fuel cells, where the chemical energy stored in the compound is converted to electrical energy.
"It's pure coincidence, and a fortunate one, that expertise in the catalytic properties of dyes, electrically conducting paper and electrochemistry is found under one roof here at the LOE", says Professor Magnus Berggren. laboratory manager.
The dyes are extracted from plants and allowed to penetrate into the conducting paper, which is then immersed in a mixture of water and oxygen. The paper acts as both anode and cathode in a process, a flow, that can be driven either directly by sunlight (photons), or by an electric current (electrons).
Magnus Berggren Photo credit Thor Balkhed"In the coming five years, we will develop several types of anodes and cathodes that can be used in catalytic systems with water to form hydrogen peroxide. We will also develop an organic fuel cell that generates electricity from the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen", says Magnus Berggren.
"Since the efficiency of the process is close to 100%, the hydrogen peroxide can also be used to store energy from renewable sources, such as wind energy and solar energy", says Eric Glowacki, researcher at LOE and associated with the Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine.
In addition to Eric Glowacki, with his expert knowledge in the organic crystals in dyes, and Magnus Berggren himself, the research group at LiU consists of Professor Xavier Crispin, Professor Igor Zozoulenko and senior lecturers Magnus Jonsson, Thomas Ederth and Roger Gabrielsson.
In this round the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation has awarded a total of SEK 640 million to 22 research projects within medicine, the natural sciences and technology, all of them believed to have the possibility to lead to scientific breakthroughs. Projects in which LiU researchers are principal applicant have received more than SEK 60 million. In addition to Magnus Berggren, Professor Igor Abrikosov has been awarded SEK 33 million to work with quantum bits in solid materials.
"We are proud and happy for the grant we have received. With its long-term investment into excellent research, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation is a major factor in the ability of Sweden to take a leading place in several fields of research", says Magnus Berggren.


text:
Michael Benson tells the thrilling story of the discovery and description of the universe in a new way. Selecting artful and profound illustrations and maps, many hidden away in the world's great science libraries and virtually unknown today, he chronicles more than 1,000 years of humanity's ever-expanding understanding of the size and shape of space itself. He shows how the invention of the telescope inspired visions of unimaginably distant places and explains why today we turn to supercomputer simulations to reveal deeper truths about space-time.
Cosmigraphics explores the visual side of our greatest imaginative achievement as a species: the unveiling of a vast universe that is largely invisible to our senses. It will be a revelation to space-struck Earthlings, art lovers, and readers interested in the history of science, the visualization of information, graphic design, and mapping.
The Fundamentals of Interactive Design ( Michael Salmond, Gavin Ambrose)
THE ART OF CHINESE CALLIGRAPHY


text:
Q: Regex.Matches exception of type 'System.ArgumentException' Trying to put inside the DataTable the matches I find in string:
DataTable dtListVar = new DataTable();

string pattern = @"\[([^\[\]]+)\]";

string inputText = "Find string inside brackets [C#.net] and [Vb.net] example.";

foreach (Match m in Regex.Matches(inputText, pattern))
{
    DataRow dr = dtListVar.NewRow();
        dr["Var"] = m.Value.Replace('[', ' ').Replace(']', ' ');
        dr["Value"] = "";
        dtListVariables.Rows.Add(dr);
}

I find the element but when I want to assign in to the DataRow I have this exception:

A first chance exception of type 'System.ArgumentException' occurred
  in System.Data.dll

A: Your exception has nothing to do with your regular expression. Your exception message is coming from System.Data, not System.Text.RegularExpression.
You're creating a empty DataTable, then assigning data to a column that doesn't exist yet. You need to define the schema of the data table before you attempt to assign data to it.

A: I guess you should declare the columns Var and Values :
        DataTable dtListVar = new DataTable();
        dtListVar.Columns.Add("Var");
        dtListVar.Columns.Add("Value");

and use dtListVar and not dtListVariables on last line.
Btw, I would use an object instead of dataTable here.

A: Use this:
var row = dtListVar.NewRow();
dtListVar.Rows.Add(row);
...

A: The pattern is wrong. "[" cannot go inside another "[".
Try "[(.*)]".