A young cheerleader wounded in the deadly gunfire at a Washington state high school on Wednesday is doing "well" and expected to leave the hospital soon, her uncle revealed on social media.
James Jacobson posted two photos of his great niece Emma Nees on Facebook late Thursday — one showing her in the high school's cheerleading uniform and one of her awake and smiling in her hospital bed.
Nees, 14, was injured when classmate Caleb Sharpe, 15, opened fire in a second-floor hallway at Freeman High School in Rockford, killing one classmate and wounding three.
"It always happens some where else to someone else? The unimaginable happened to my extended family yesterday when my beautiful 14 year old great niece, Emma Nees, was wounded in a school shooting," Jacobson said in his post. "Two heroes. The student who lost his life was trying to get the shooter to stop and a janitor (Marine) physically overcame him."
"Emma is doing very well physically and will go home soon. She is thoughtful, kind, and an excellent student," he added.
"Emma and her family will be assisted by counselors to help deal with this. Any prayers will be welcomed. Prefer that we refrain from political statements."
Fellow student Sam Strahan, 15, died in the horrific incident after he tried to reason with Sharpe and got shot in the abdomen and face, court documents released Thursday said.
Classmates Jordyn Goldsmith and Gracie Jensen — described as volleyball players and best friends by students who spoke to The Spokesman-Review — were also wounded.
Sharpe was arrested and held at the Juvenile Detention Center in Spokane.
He reportedly had a fascination with guns and brought notes to school earlier in the year saying he was going to do "something stupid" that might get him killed or jailed.
One friend told the Associated Press that Sharpe was obsessed with other school shootings and watched many documentaries on the crimes.


I'm an Orlando based musician and songwriter who has lived and toured throughout the Gulf Coast region my entire life. Swampy is my climate of choice, and when asked to describe my sound, I say "Swamp Roots" because it's my own blend of the music I heard growing up, New Orleans rhythm & blues, soul, gospel, country, zydeco and rock and roll, with a percolating groove that exudes humidity and lush growth.
Five years ago I initiated a community of women friends called the Swamp Sistas, 2,545 at last count. We are a diverse group with varied occupations and backgrounds, but we all have two things in common. We love music and we love helping out. We're passionate about both and combine them whenever we can.
On a recent Wednesday night, some of us gathered with friends and family for a volunteer session and mini-concert at Second Harvest Food Bank of Central Florida. As we sorted through donated items in the warehouse and assembled boxes of food for families in need, we realized that it made us feel like family to be there together, helping, and it felt really good; so good that, when our volunteer time was up, nobody wanted to quit!
Eventually, we moved into the community room for snacks from the Darden Foundation Community Kitchen, and soon the music began as some of the songwriting Sistas offered up some tunes. Right away, a spell was cast over the room and the "feel good factor" was in full effect. Swamp Sista and hip hop artist Lauren 'TKO' Rohan, spoke frankly to the room before she performed. "You people need to know the importance of what you're doing tonight," she said. "It's a big deal." She went on to reveal that she had grown up in poverty and had relied on food banks as a child.
Swamp Sista Suzanne Caffery, who came with her husband to volunteer that night, took note. Suzanne is the director of an academy in Bithlo that serves low-income children. She and I have discussed Bithlo's poverty issues on more than one occasion and how she sees families struggle to get food on the table, daily. Suzanne was taken with TKO's message and right away invited her to perform for and speak with the students, to give them hope and encouragement. TKO accepted readily. She wanted them to know that their circumstances don't define who they are, that it's not their fault they're poor and that things can get better.
worth the trip. TKO had an impact, the kids were engaged and Suzanne was ecstatic. Another "feel good" moment, for sure.
I also chatted with Jenn Benner who is an instructor for Art Reach Orlando, a non-profit program that works with children in under-served communities. I learned that they are holding an art camp at the academy in Bithlo this summer and guess who is providing hot lunches for the students during the camp?! Just goes to show you, what happens at Second Harvest DOESN'T stay at Second Harvest.
In an effort to help provide more hot lunches like these, the Swamp Sistas and I have launched an online fund drive at www.lalasummerhope.com with proceeds going to Second Harvest's Summer Hope for Kids Program. We're offering our music and other items as rewards at various levels of giving and our goal is $10,000 which will provide 40,000 hot meals for kids this summer.
Please join our efforts in fighting hunger at lalasummerhope.com, then join us in celebration at the Swamp Sistas La La @ Fringe, from 3 pm to midnight on Saturday May 21st, in Orlando Loch Haven Park. The female fronted music fest is free to attend and all are invited. We'll continue to collect donations throughout the day and announce our total at midnight, so yeah, the Swamp Sistas will be doing our thing, enjoying music with friends and family while simultaneously helping out in our community. Think that feels good? It sure does!
Swamp Sistas La La Foundation, Inc.
Swamp Sistas La La Season is here and now everyone, everywhere can participate!


text:
<?php

namespace Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Command;

use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputArgument;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputOption;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Style\SymfonyStyle;

/**
 * Shows the status of a process that is running PHP's built-in web server in
 * the background.
 *
 * @author Christian Flothmann <christian.flothmann@xabbuh.de>
 */
class ServerStatusCommand extends ServerCommand
{
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function configure()
    {
        $this
            ->setDefinition(array(
                new InputArgument('address', InputArgument::OPTIONAL, 'Address:port', '127.0.0.1'),
                new InputOption('port', 'p', InputOption::VALUE_REQUIRED, 'Address port number', '8000'),
            ))
            ->setName('server:status')
            ->setDescription('Outputs the status of the built-in web server for the given address')
        ;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output)
    {
        $io = new SymfonyStyle($input, $output);
        $address = $input->getArgument('address');

        if (false === strpos($address, ':')) {
            $address .= ':'.$input->getOption('port');
        }

        // remove an orphaned lock file
        if (file_exists($this->getLockFile($address)) && !$this->isServerRunning($address)) {
            unlink($this->getLockFile($address));
        }

        if (file_exists($this->getLockFile($address))) {
            $io->success(sprintf('Web server still listening on http://%s', $address));
        } else {
            $io->warning(sprintf('No web server is listening on http://%s', $address));
        }
    }

    private function isServerRunning($address)
    {
        list($hostname, $port) = explode(':', $address);

        if (false !== $fp = @fsockopen($hostname, $port, $errno, $errstr, 1)) {
            fclose($fp);

            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
EU Services Directive – an update on the Scottish government's position
Shepherd and Wedderburn LLP
United Kingdom March 3 2008
The last edition of this e-bulletin reported that the Scottish Parliament European and External Relations Committee (the Committee) had written to the Minister for Europe, External Affairs and Culture. The Committee had requested clarification of the Scottish Government's policy on the implementation of the EU Services Directive. The Minister's response has now been published on the Committee's website. To view the response please click here.
The Scottish Government's response explains that from the outset they have been content for a single consultation on implementation to take place, conducted by the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (BERR). The BERR consultation has now closed and the UK Government plans to issue its response to the consultation by May 2008. Non-confidential individual responses are expected to be published at the same time.
According to the Scottish Government, the decision to have a single UK-wide consultation was taken because there has been no formal agreement on how the implementation of the directive will be delivered in relation to any devolved functions, in particular whether there will be a UK-wide implementation or not. They proceed on the understanding that BERR will continue to work closely with the Scottish Government across the whole scope of implementation, throughout and following the consultation.
In the meantime, Scottish Government officials continue to screen Scottish legislation and once they have a clearer indication of the volume of legislation that is affected and requiring change, they hope to be in a better position to make a decision on how implementation will be delivered in relation to any devolved functions. The Scottish Government note that in addition to the necessary bureaucracy involved in implementation, they will also be considering how best to mainstream awareness of the new commercial opportunities that the Directive will open up throughout Scotland's services market.
With regard to the Point of Single Contact (PSC), the Scottish Government is of the view that establishing a PSC for each Devolved Administration would result in duplication of resources and effort. It may also lead to confusion and complication while at the same time yielding no particular additional benefits. The Scottish Government is therefore of the view that one PSC for the whole of the UK is the appropriate way forward.
While discussing the response from the Scottish Government, the Committee noted that the Scottish Government has had no discussions to date with Scottish stakeholders on how the Directive should be implemented. Accordingly, the Committee has resolved to conduct a short inquiry and to invite written evidence from Scottish stakeholders followed by an oral evidence session at the Committee's meeting in April.
Competition & Antitrust
Directive on services in the internal market
Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform
Terminating a joint venture and the consequences *
Who owns employees' emails? Lessons to be learned from a failed interim injunction application *
Four landmark cases that changed the legal landscape in the UK *
Simmons v Castle clarifies 10% increase in general damages – but uncertainty remains *
Approbation and reprobation – Scots law under development *
EU freedom to provide services: questions on Scottish Government's approach *
What does the White Paper set out? *
Smith Commission sets scope of Scottish devolution *
Edward J. Willey III
Huawei Technologies (USA)
"I make an effort to read at least several articles each day and regularly share the particularly relevant or interesting articles with my colleagues. I greatly appreciate the inclusion of the Lexology service by the State Bar of Texas and have recommended that my friends and colleagues join the Corporate Counsel Section of the State Bar in order to obtain this service for themselves."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


With great attention and care, Urban Build has the objective of making its clients happy. Covering all carpentry areas, we promise to be there with you from concept to implementation. We're an Ireland based registered carpenter company. Contact us to get tax compliant services from insured carpenters.
Under Stair Storage: Our carpenters Dublin can maximize your storage space by creating giving you under stair storage solution. There you can keep household goods, toys, shoe racks, tools and other equipment. A unique designed frame will be created to get a storage having 80cm depth. As such, the installation time is reduced to a great extent.
Commercial Fittings: Give a face-lift to your old house with our aid. In our commercial fit out and refurbishment services, you can expect us to do stone and tiling work, bulkheads and MF ceilings, external and internal glazing, suspended ceiling, partitions, and frosting and manifestations. Other kinds of electrical and mechanical assistances are also provided by us. We coordinate throughout the process by keeping in mind your electrical and mechanical needs. Hence, we provide solutions for heating and ventilation, leak detection, data cabling, power cabling, plumbing, fire alarm, and access control.
Home Interiors: We enjoy reflecting your personality through our carpenter construction company. Using colours, furnishing, and quality materials, our highly qualified professionals will deliver you the desired result. By combining the wood patterns in a unique way with the plain plastered walls, we attempt to give you an elegant and sophisticated look for your interiors.
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Attic Conversions: Not only throughout Dublin, but we are renowned for handling attic conversions projects also in entire Ireland. As soon as we receive permission from the LPA, our well-trained construction carpenter will begin his job. We will send a Project Manager who will check the quality of the construction regularly. With flawless service and dedication, we can give you an additional bathroom or bedroom, a floored storage space, a study, a playroom, or even a store.
New Construction: Urban Build's construction carpenter is experienced in delivering different kinds of construction services like building garages within the deadline. Both commercial and residential projects are handled by us. We are well-known among our clients in creating ideal spaces for them.
Whatever you want regarding carpentry, our broad portfolio can make you happy with that. Tell clearly your requirements and get your dream home or office at a competitive price. Before you sign a deal a deal with us, a price quotation will be send to you mentioning the prices of every material that we will use while working.
Cleaning the debris after the successful completion of the work is our duty. We will do that with pleasure. In case, you want to bring some possible changes after the service, give us a call. Our team will happily revert to you and will grant your request. Avail our customer service to get insured and guaranteed service for your house.


This is one of my favorite dishes. The addition of spinach would just make me love it more.
I actually just made the frozen yogurt from your post on Somewhat Simple and thank you because it is oh so yummy.
Yay! I am glad you liked the frozen yogurt. I had a big bowl last night myself. YUM.
Boy, do I hope we have parmesan in the fridge!
Another of your recipes that I tried and loved! My 5 year old said he loved it more than pierogies which is a pretty big deal!
Oh I am so glad! My boys love it too. Their favorite part...probably the bacon. They got it right!


Falling test scores, decreasing graduation rates and diminished college readiness during times of decreased funding and government mandates are putting drastic pressure on state education agencies, superintendents, administrators, teachers and especially students to create educational strategies that really work. In this environment, the subgroups [Special Education, Limited English Proficiency (LEP), 504, Economically Disadvantaged, and Minorities], make up the students most at risk of failing to pass state standardized tests, resulting in multiple re-tests and expanding the list of High School drop-outs.
Mr. Briones dream came to fruition through collaboration with Dr. Arnulfo Tarin Carrasco, M.D., a practicing physician and educational philanthropist. In August of 2008, the pair began work on a video, CD, and online program to teach biological concepts utilizing multiple inputs and branded it Virtual Science University (VSU). When it was all said-and-done, they created 28 videos each complete with a CD containing lectures, labs and tests, all featuring original science songs, hand-on-learning aids, real-life scenarios and helpful hints – tools all students and teachers could use. The objectives of the National Science Education Standards (NSES) and the Texas Assessment of Knowledge Skills (TAKS) objectives were used to create concise lectures based on the multiple inputs learning concept Briones developed which featured him bearing the stage name "Professor Paul." The internet was chosen as an effective method of making these materials available through the website... www.virtualscienceuniversity.com .
2009-2010 School Year – All Re-testersImpressed with the improvement in test scores, the Superintendent hired Mr. Briones to serve as Science Department Chair and concluded, along with the High School Principal, that the VSU program should be implemented school-wide. The goal was to make improvements in student performance in both TAKS Scores and benchmarks despite the serious dilemma of low student performance and frequent turnover of science teachers.
The following academic year (2010-2011), the new superintendent was extremely cooperative and supportive. A general overview of what was included in the strategy included: • A letter of expectations was distributed to get students' buy in. • Briones administered the Seven Intelligences Checklist of the Multiple Intelligence Model by Howard Gardner Ph.D., and graded it to identify strengths among students. (8) • Lab groups were set up with high scoring students utilized as facilitators. The groups included students classified as special education, English as a Second Language (ESL), and one 504 student (some special education and the 504 student were also Limited English Proficient students). Each lab facilitator exhibited strength in different intellects: a) Group1 - strong mathematical-logical intellect; b) Group 2 - strong linguistic intellect; c) Group 3 - strong musical-rhythmic intellect; d) Group 4 - strong spatial intellect, e) Group 5 -strong kinesthetic intellect; and f) Group 6 - strong interpersonal intellect. Each group had representation from the special population students who were set up on their own individualized programs. (2) • The Science Department Chair utilized Virtual Science University's program, to present all the topics previously covered using traditional methods, watching grades and benchmark scores rise. The TAKS Boot Camp was reinstated, allowing all high school students to rotate among four teachers each week for four weeks and senior re-testers to work independently. • Once the students scored above an '85' on an objective, they moved on to the next topic, and if they scored below an '85', they had to repeat the same lesson on their own on computers available in the library (with assistance by a paraprofessional, if needed).


The new Flex GE5R Giraffe Wall Sander – lighter, handier, more robust, and with superior head flexibility.
Made in Germany with the intelligent use of materials this unit at 3.9kgs is almost a whole kilo lighter than its predecessors.
This machine is ideal for the professional painter, plasterer who wants quality and reliability every time.
Sander comes in a convenient carry case with machine and disc storage.


Cyber criminals are targeting GoDaddy customers with a clever phishing scam.
What Is It: GoDaddy website owners are being phished for account information from a GoDaddy address support@GoDaddy.com. The email is to update the individual their account storage needs to be updated and they need to click on a link in order to upgrade. Individuals are threatened with account shutdown if they do not comply.
How Can You Avoid It: Do not click on suspicious links or give account information. Contact GoDaddy support to ask if this is a legitimate email and then report the scam.
For full details of this scam check out this article from Hackread.
Microsoft / Apple Tech Support Scam So You've had a Data Breach, Now What?


Residents and visitors alike cite the high quality of life, desirable climate, recreational activities and access to nature, and small community appeal as major advantages of living in Grant County. Grant County also benefits from institutions and infrastructure that are rarely shared by small town and rural communities. These include an institution of higher learning in Western New Mexico University; quality healthcare services; the Grant County airport, which provides essential passenger air services; and the Corre Caminos public transit system, which links various communities across the region. Collectively these resources engender a high level of civic pride and provide tremendous opportunities for area residents. Nevertheless, Grant County faces a number of challenges that must be confronted in the near future.


text:
My #Review of #SecretIdentity by #AlexSegura @alex_segura published by @Flatironbooks
From Anthony Award-winning writer Alex Segura comes Secret Identity, a rollicking literary mystery set in the world of comic books.
It's 1975 and the comic book industry is struggling, but Carmen Valdez doesn't care. She's an assistant at Triumph Comics, which doesn't have the creative zeal of Marvel nor the buttoned-up efficiency of DC, but it doesn't matter. Carmen is tantalizingly close to fulfilling her dream of writing a superhero book.
That dream is nearly a reality when one of the Triumph writers enlists her help to create a new character, which they call "The Lethal Lynx," Triumph's first female hero. But her colleague is acting strangely and asking to keep her involvement a secret. And then he's found dead, with all of their scripts turned into the publisher without her name. Carmen is desperate to piece together what happened to him, to hang on to her piece of the Lynx, which turns out to be a runaway hit. But that's complicated by a surprise visitor from her home in Miami, a tenacious cop who is piecing everything together too quickly for Carmen, and the tangled web of secrets and resentments among the passionate eccentrics who write comics for a living.
Alex Segura uses his expertise as a comics creator as well as his unabashed love of noir fiction to create a truly one-of-a-kind novel–hard-edged and bright-eyed, gritty and dangerous, and utterly absorbing.
Thanks have to go to the very Alex Segura for posting me a copy of Secret Identity to review. ❤🙏❤
Ok, I am a bit of a comic book nerd, many years ago in the late 1980's my Ex-husband and I used to go to a Comic Shop in our local town and spend our adult money on Comics…..well I left the comics with said ex-husband and have regretted it ever since! So when I saw Secret Identity I just knew I had to read it!
And I absolutely loved it from the first chapter. Firstly our lead character is Carmen Valdez who is a lowly assistant at Triumph Comics, the comics industry is struggling just like the size of Carmen's flares as this is 1975! And from a young girl Carmen has lays wanted to write a comic, her Daddy (a Cuban immigrant ) learnt English by reading comics and passed his love of them on Carmen. But not only has she run away to New York because of her past, she is just seen as a woman assistant and in the mid 1970's men really didn't think women were able to do much especially writing comics!
So the scene is set for a darkly rich gritty noir novel, set in the middle of the 1970's in New York where the younger generation like Carmen are finding themselves thru their sexuality, I LOVED that Carman is a Lesbian as I can totally identify with her being one myself and I didn't know this before reading Secret Identity so I was really pleased to have a strong kick ass female lead like me! Well apart from I'm a lot older and would put a hip out if I kicked ass!! 🤣
There is a great mixture of really rich male and female characters, Alex has a fabulous talent for writing a person who literally jumps off the page into your mind as a fully rounded live person, you can see why he writes fantastic comics! The plot involves the Murder of Carmen's friend Harvey and her dangerous journey to find the truth of why he was murdered and what is making her and her friends a target to the offender!
I loved that there are actual graphic comic segments that really added to the storyline, the descriptions of New York in 1975 have been well researched (or lived thru!) the music, the clothes, the restaurants, the society that Carmen lives in were amazing and really took me there, so much so I could smell the pizza and sweat!
In conclusion this is a dazzling and exceptional novel , it's not just for comics fans, it's a darkly gritty historical thriller with many twists (I did not guess the ending which is always great, thanks to the red herrings,) that will take you away from todays issues into a better time and make you want to rush out and buy some comics!
5 Stars ⭐🔥
Alex Segura is the bestselling and award-winning author of Secret Identity, which the New York Times called "wittily original" and named an Editor's Choice. NPR described the novel as "masterful," and it received starred reviews from Publishers Weekly, Kirkus, and Booklist. Alex is also the author of Star Wars Poe Dameron: Free Fall, the Pete Fernandez Miami Mystery series, and a number of comic books – including The Mysterious Micro-Face (in partnership with NPR), The Black Ghost, The Archies, The Dusk, The Awakened, and more. His short story, "90 Miles" was included in The Best American Mystery and Suspense Stories for 2021 and won the Anthony Award for Best Short Story. By day he is the Senior Vice President of Sales and Marketing at Oni Press, with previous stints at Archie Comics and DC Comics.
A Miami native, he lives in New York with his wife and children.
You can visit Alex Segura's own Website HERE
Follow Alex on Twitter Instagram Facebook
You can buy Secret Identity HERE
Author: Judefire33 The Book Blog
I've been a bookworm since I was able to read my first Janet & John books at 4 years old! I have read so many books, that I wish I had kept a list since I was young. My words are my own, my opinions are my own! I love Thrillers and Crime Fiction and am happy to receive ARC's and will post reviews on The Storygraph, Amazon, Instagram, and Twitter Twitter - @judefire33 Instagram - @judefire33 The Storygraph - @judefire33 Goodreads - @judefire33 View all posts by Judefire33 The Book Blog
Author Judefire33 The Book BlogPosted on March 27, 2022 May 21, 2022 Categories Book ReviewTags Alex Segura, Carmen Valdez, Comics, Crime, Murder, The Lynx, Thriller, Triumph Comics
Previous Previous post: My #Review of #TwelveSecrets by @books_gold @LittleBrownUK
Next Next post: My #Review of #AFlickerInTheDark by #StacyWillingham @svwillingham @HarperCollinsUK


text:
from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin as BaseUserAdmin

from product.models import Product, Rep, Customer, Sale, Payment, Invoice,\
    BatchSize, PriceTemplate, ProductPriceTemplate

class ProductPriceTemplateAdmin(admin.TabularInline):
    model = ProductPriceTemplate

@admin.register(Product)
class ProductAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['name', 'rate']
    inlines = [
        ProductPriceTemplateAdmin
    ]

@admin.register(BatchSize)
class BatchSizeAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['name', 'quantity']

@admin.register(Rep, Customer, PriceTemplate)
class PeopleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['name']

@admin.register(Invoice)
class InvoiceAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['rep', 'customer', 'invoice_no',
                    'invoice_date', 'sales_type', 'recorded_date']

@admin.register(Sale)
class SaleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['product', 'batch_size', 'quantity',
                    'invoice', 'recorded_date']

@admin.register(Payment)
class PaymentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['amount', 'rep', 'customer', 'receipt_no',
                    'payment_date', 'receipt_date', 'recorded_date', 'balance']

class RepInline(admin.StackedInline):
    model = Rep
    can_delete = False
    verbose_name_plural = 'Representative'

class UserAdmin(BaseUserAdmin):
    inlines = [RepInline, ]

admin.site.unregister(User)
admin.site.register(User, UserAdmin)


text:
Moog synthesizer
A 1975 Moog Modular 55 system
R. A. Moog Co.
Synthesis type
Subtractive
The Moog synthesizer is a modular synthesizer developed by the American engineer Robert Moog. Moog debuted it in 1964, and Moog's company R. A. Moog Co. (later known as Moog Music) produced numerous models from 1965 to 1981, and again from 2014. It was the first commercial synthesizer, and is credited with creating the analog synthesizer as it is known today.
The Moog synthesizer consists of separate modules which create and shape sounds, which are connected via patch cords. Modules include voltage-controlled oscillators, amplifiers, filters, envelope generators, noise generators, ring modulators, triggers, and mixers. The synthesizer can be played using controllers including keyboards, joysticks, pedals, and ribbon controllers, or controlled with sequencers. Its oscillators can produce waveforms of different timbres, which can be modulated and filtered to shape their sounds (subtractive synthesis).
By 1963, Robert Moog had been designing and selling theremins for several years. He developed his synthesizer in response to demand for more practical and affordable electronic music equipment, guided by suggestions and requests from composers including Herb Deutsch, Richard Teitelbaum, Vladimir Ussachevsky, and Wendy Carlos. Moog's principal innovation was the voltage-controlled oscillator, which uses voltage to control pitch. He also introduced fundamental synthesizer concepts such as modularity and envelope generators.
The Moog synthesizer was brought to the mainstream by Switched-On Bach (1968), a bestselling album of Bach compositions arranged for Moog synthesizer by Wendy Carlos. In the late 1960s, it was adopted by rock and pop acts including the Doors, the Grateful Dead, the Rolling Stones, and the Beatles. At its height of popularity, it was a staple of 1970s progressive rock, used by acts including Yes, Tangerine Dream, and Emerson, Lake & Palmer. With its ability to imitate instruments such as strings and horns, it threatened the jobs of session musicians, and was banned from use in commercial work for a period. In 1970, Moog Music released a portable, self-contained model, the Minimoog.
Robert Moog in the 1970s
In the early 1960s, electronic music technology was impractical and used mainly by experimental composers to create music with little mainstream appeal.[1] In 1963, the American engineer Robert Moog, a doctoral student at Cornell University who designed and sold theremins,[2] met the composer Herb Deutsch at a New York State School Music Association trade fair in Rochester, New York. Deutsch had been making electronic music using a theremin, tape recorder, and single-pitch oscillator, a time-consuming process that involved splicing tape. Recognizing the need for more practical and sophisticated equipment, Moog and Deutsch discussed the notion of a "portable electronic music studio".[3]
Moog received a grant of $16,000 from the New York State Small Business Association and began work in Trumansburg, New York, not far from the Cornell campus.[3] At the time, synthesizer-like instruments filled rooms;[4] Moog hoped to build a more compact instrument that would appeal to musicians.[5] Learning from his experience building a prohibitively expensive guitar amplifier, he believed that practicality and affordability were the most important parameters.[5]
Previous synthesizers, such as the RCA Mark II, had created sound from hundreds of vacuum tubes.[6] Instead, Moog used recently available silicon transistors — specifically, transistors with an exponential relationship between input voltage and output current. With these, he created the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), which generated a waveform whose pitch could be adjusted by changing the voltage. Moog designed his synthesizer around a standard of one volt per octave. Similarly, he used voltage to control loudness with voltage-controlled amplifiers (VCAs).[3]
Moog developed a prototype with two VCOs and a VCA. As the VCOs themselves could output voltage, one could be used to modulate the output of another, creating effects such as vibrato and tremolo.[3] According to Moog, when Deutsch saw this, he "went through the roof" and immediately began making music with the prototype, attracting the interest of passersby: "They would stand there, they'd listen and they'd shake their heads ... What is this weird shit coming out of the basement?"[3]
The composer Herb Deutsch (pictured in 2011) helped Moog refine his synthesizer.
In 1964, Moog and Deutsch demonstrated the synthesizer at the electronic music studio at the University of Toronto.[3] After the presentation impressed the composers, Moog was invited by the Audio Engineering Society to present at their annual convention in New York that October.[4] Though he had not planned to sell synthesizers there, some customers placed orders at the show. The choreographer Alwin Nikolais became the first person to purchase a commercially made Moog synthesizer.[3] Moog constructed synthesizers to order.[6] The first order for a complete Moog synthesizer, for which Moog had to design a keyboard and cabinet, came from the composer Eric Siday.[3] With no Moog books and no way to save or share settings, early users had to learn how to use the synthesizer themselves, by word of mouth, or from seminars held by Moog and Deutsch.[1]
Moog refined the synthesizer in response to requests from musicians and composers.[7] For example, after Deutsch suggested Moog find a way to fade notes in and out, Moog invented an envelope module, using a doorbell button as a prototype.[3] At the suggestion of the composer Gustav Ciamaga, Moog developed a filter module, a means of removing frequencies from waveforms.[3] His first filter design created a sound similar to a wah-wah pedal; he later developed the distinctive "ladder" filter, which was the only item in the synthesizer design that Moog patented, granted on October 28, 1969.[3] Further developments were driven by suggestions from musicians including Richard Teitelbaum, Vladimir Ussachevsky and Wendy Carlos;[7] Carlos suggested the first touch-sensitive keyboard, portamento control and filter bank, which became standard features.[3]
There was debate as to the role of the keyboard in synthesizers. Some, such as the composer Vladimir Ussachevsky and Moog's competitor Don Buchla, felt they were restrictive. However, Moog recognized that most customers wanted keyboards and found they made the instrument more approachable. Including keyboards in photographs helped users understand that the synthesizer was for making music.[3]
The classical meaning of "to synthesize" is to assemble a whole out of parts.[3] Moog initially avoided the word, as it was associated with the RCA synthesizer, and instead described his invention as a "system" of "electronic music modules". After many debates, Moog eventually told the composer Reynold Weidenaar: "It's a synthesizer and that's what it does and we're just going to have to go with it."[3] Moog used the word in print for the first time in 1966. By the 1970s, "synthesizer" had become the standard term for such instruments.[3]
Most of the Moog modules were finalized by the end of the 1960s, and remained mostly unchanged until Moog Music ceased trading in the 1980s.[1] Moog had pursued the development of his synthesizer as a hobby; he stressed that he was not a businessman, and had not known what a balance sheet was.[3] He likened the experience to riding theme park amusements: "You know you're not going to get hurt too badly because nobody would let you do that, but you're not quite in control."[3]
Modules: 921 VCO, 911 Envelope Generator; 902 VCA
The Moog synthesizer consists of separate modules – such as oscillators, amplifiers, envelope generators, filters, noise generators, ring modulators, triggers and mixers – which can be connected in a variety of ways via patch cords.[6][3] The modules can also be used to control each other.[3] They do not produce sound until a workable combination of modules are connected.[1]
The oscillators produce waveforms of different tones and overtones, such as a "bright, full, brassy" sawtooth wave, a thinner, flute-like triangle wave, a "nasal, reedy" pulse wave, and a "whistle-like" sine wave.[3] These waveforms can be modulated and filtered to produce more combinations of sounds (subtractive synthesis).[3] The oscillators are difficult to keep in tune, and small temperature changes cause them to drift rapidly.[1] As Moog's early customers were more interested in creating experimental music than playing conventional melodies, Moog did not consider keeping the oscillators stable a priority.[6]
The Moog's 24db[8] low-pass filter is particularly distinctive, with a "rich", "juicy", "fat" sound.[3] The filter, based on pairs of transistors connected by capacitors arranged in a ladder-like layout, attenuates frequencies above a level set by the user, and boosts the frequencies around the cut-off frequency.[3] When overdriven, the filter produces a distinctive distortion described as the "Moog sound".[3]
The synthesizer can be played using controllers including keyboards, joysticks, pedals and ribbon controllers.[6] The ribbon controller allows users to control pitch similarly to moving a finger along a violin string.[3]
Keyboardist Keith Emerson performing with a Moog synthesizer in 1970
The Moog was much smaller than previous synthesizers, and much cheaper, at US$10,000 compared to the six-figure sums of other synthesizers.[4] Whereas the RCA Mark II was programmed with punchcards, Moog's synthesizer could be played in real time via keyboard, making it attractive to musicians.[4] New Scientist described it as the first commercial synthesizer.[9]
According to the Guardian, Moog's 1964 paper Voltage-Controlled Music Modules, in which he proposed the Moog synthesizer modules, invented the modern concept of the analog synthesizer.[6] The authors of Analog Days wrote: "Though the notion of voltage control and Moog's circuit designs were not original, Moog's innovations were in drawing the elements together, realizing that the problem of exponential conversion could be solved using transistor circuitry and building such circuits and making them work in a way that was of interest to musicians."[3]
Most Moog synthesizers were owned by universities or record labels, and used to create soundtracks or jingles; by 1970, only 28 were owned by musicians.[10] The Moog was first used by experimental composers including Richard Teitelbaum, Dick Hyman,[7] and Perrey and Kingsley.[11] In 1968, Wendy Carlos released Switched-On Bach, an album of Bach compositions arranged for Moog synthesizer. It won three Grammy Awards and was the first classical album certified platinum.[12][5] The album is credited for popularising the Moog and demonstrating that synthesizers could be more than "random noise machines".[7] For a period, the name Moog became so associated with electronic music that it was sometimes used as a generic term for any synthesizer.[7] Moog liked this, but disapproved of the numerous "cruddy" novelty records released with his name attached, such as Music to Moog By, Moog Espana and Moog Power.[7]
An early use in rock music came with the 1967 Monkees album Pisces, Aquarius, Capricorn & Jones Ltd.[7] In the same year, the Doors used a Moog synthesizer on their song "Strange Days".[13] In 1969, George Harrison released an album of Moog recordings, Electronic Sound, and that year the Moog appeared on the Beatles album Abbey Road on tracks including "Because", "Here Comes the Sun" and "Maxwell's Silver Hammer".[7] Other rock bands who adopted the Moog include the Grateful Dead and the Rolling Stones.[2] It was also adopted by jazz musicians including Herbie Hancock, Jan Hammer and Sun Ra.[7]
In the 1970s, at the height of the Moog's popularity, it became ubiquitous as part of progressive rock bands such as Yes, Tangerine Dream, and Emerson, Lake & Palmer.[7] Keith Emerson was the first major rock musician to perform live with the Moog, and it became a trademark of his performances; according to Analog Days, the likes of Emerson "did for the keyboard what Jimi Hendrix did for the guitar".[3] Almost every element of Donna Summer's 1977 influential song "I Feel Love" was created with a Moog synthesizer, with the producers aiming to creating a futuristic mood.[14] Robert Moog was critical, saying the sequenced bassline had a "certain sterility" and that Summer sounded like she was "fighting the sequencer".[15] In later decades, hip hop groups such as the Beastie Boys and rock bands including They Might Be Giants and Wilco "revived an interest in the early Moog synthesizer timbres".[7]
The Guardian wrote that the Moog synthesizer, with its dramatically new sounds, arrived at a time in American history when, in the wake of the Vietnam War, "nearly everything about the old order was up for revision".[5] With their ability to somewhat imitate instruments such as strings and horns, synthesizers were believed to threaten the jobs of session musicians. For a period, the Moog was banned from use in commercial work, a restriction negotiated by the American Federation of Musicians (AFM).[3] Robert Moog felt that the AFM had not realized that the synthesizer was an instrument to be learnt and mastered like any other, and instead imagined that "all the sounds that musicians could make somehow existed in the Moog — all you had to do was push a button that said 'Jascha Heifetz' and out would come the most fantastic violin player".[16]
Moog features such as voltage-controlled oscillator, envelopes, noise generators, filters and sequencers became standards in the synthesizer market.[3][17] The ladder filter has been replicated in hardware synthesizers,[18] digital signal processors,[19] field-programmable gate arrays[20] and software synthesizers.[21]
Originally produced from 1973 to 1981, Moog reissued the System 55 in 2015 in a limited run of 55 units.[22][23]
Although customers could choose any combination of modules, Moog sold several standard systems.
Reissue price
Ic 1967—1973 N/A N/A [24][25][26]
IIc 1967—1973 N/A N/A [24][27][26]
IIIc 1967—1973 2017 $35,000 [28][29][24][26]
Ip 1967—1973 N/A N/A [24][25][26]
IIp 1967—1973 N/A N/A [24][27][26]
IIIp 1967—1973 2018 $35,000 [30][31][24][26]
Emerson Moog Modular System 1969—1970 2014—2017 $150,000 [32][33][34][35]
Model 10 1971—1973 2019—present $9,950 [36][37][38][24][26]
Model 12 1972—1973 N/A N/A [24][39]
Model 15 1973—1981 2015 $10,000 [23][22][24][40]
System 35 1973—1981 2015 $22,000 [23][22][24][40]
A slightly modified Minimoog, a portable, self-contained version of the Moog synthesizer
In 1970, Moog Music released the Minimoog, a portable, self-contained model, and the modular systems became a secondary part of Moog's business.[1] The Minimoog has been described as the most famous and influential synthesizer in history.[10]
After the sale of Moog Music, production of Moog synthesizers stopped in the early 1980s. The patents and other rights to Moog's modular circuits expired in the 1990s. In 2002, after Robert Moog regained the rights to the Moog brand and bought the company, Moog released the Minimoog Voyager, an updated version. From 2016 to 2017, Moog reissued the original Minimoog with some changes.[1][41] In 2018, Moog released the Grandmother, followed by the Matriarch in 2019; parts of the circuitry used in these instruments were inspired by the Moog synthesizer.[42][43][44]
Clones and emulations
After production of the original Moog synthesizers stopped in 1980, some manufacturers, such as Synthesizers.com, have created their own modules and clones of Moog modules. Moog modules, known as the "dotcom" or "5U" format, are the dominant synthesizer format used today, along with Eurorack.[45] Since 2020, Behringer has manufactured clones of Moog modules in the Eurorack format, also sold in configurations based on the original Moog systems.[46][47]
The Moog synthesizer has been emulated in software synthesizers such as the Arturia Modular V.[48] In 2016, Moog released the Moog Model 15 app, a software emulation of the Model 15 initially for iOS and later in 2021 for macOS.[49][50][51]
List of Moog synthesizer players
^ a b c d e f g Leon, Richard. "Dr Robert & His Modular Moogs". Sound on Sound. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
^ a b "Obituary: Dr Robert Moog". BBC News. 22 August 2005. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Pinch, Trevor; Trocco, Frank (2004). Analog Days: The Invention and Impact of the Moog Synthesizer. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01617-0.
^ a b c d "Robert Moog biography (1934-2005)". Wired. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
^ a b c d Stearns, David Patrick (25 August 2005). "Obituary: Robert Moog". the Guardian. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
^ a b c d e f McNamee, David (10 August 2010). "Hey, what's that sound: Moog synthesisers". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k Kozinn, Allan (23 August 2005). "Robert Moog, creator of music synthesizer, dies at 71". New York Times. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
^ Sam Gallagher (17 July 2019). "Analyzing the Moog Filter". all about circuits.
^ Hamer, Mick. "Interview: Electronic maestros". New Scientist. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
^ a b Weiner, Sophie (20 October 2017). "Minimoog: The First Truly Portable Synthesizer". Red Bull Music Academy. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
^ Holmes, Thom (17 June 2013). "Moog: A History in Recordings—The First Moog Synthesizer Recordings". Bob Moog Foundation. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
^ Bernstein, Adam (23 August 2005). "Robert Moog Dies; Created Electronic Synthesizer". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
^ Pinch, Trevor; Trocco, Frank (2002). Analog Days: The Invention and Impact of the Moog Synthesizer. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 120–121. ISBN 0-674-01617-3.
^ Brewster, Bill (22 June 2017). "I Feel Love: Donna Summer and Giorgio Moroder created the template for dance music as we know it". Mixmag. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
^ Snowden, Don (23 May 2012). "Robert Moog: 'I wouldn't call this music' – a classic interview to mark a Google doodle". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
^ Interview with Bob Moog, Plug, Fall 1974,p.2.
^ Vail, Mark (2014). The Synthesizer. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195394894.
^ "analogue/digital hybrid synthesiser" (PDF). Modal Electronics. Modal Electronics. 2020.
^ Antti Huovilainen (8 October 2004). "Analzing the Moog Filter" (PDF). Helsinki University of Technology. S2CID 17311153. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 April 2019.
^ Jürgen Schuhmacher (17 September 2005). "Moog Filter Module in VHDL 2005". Sound of L.A. Music.
^ Will Pirkle (2013). "Virtual Analog Filter Implementation and Comparisons" (PDF). www.willpirkle.com.
^ a b c d "Moog reissues the System 55, System 35 and Model 15 modular synths". Audiofanzine. 19 January 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
^ a b c d "The Return Of The Moog Modular". Retrieved 3 July 2021.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Moog Synthesizer 1c/2c/3c | Vintage Synth Explorer". www.vintagesynth.com. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
^ a b "1968 Modular System Synthesizer 1". MoogArchives. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
^ a b c d e f g "1971 Moog Music Catalog" (PDF).
^ "Reintroducing The Moog Synthesizer IIIc". Retrieved 3 July 2021.
^ "Moog has reissued one of their earliest synths: Watch". DJMag.com. 1 May 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
^ "We're Bringing the Moog Synthesizer IIIp Back Into Production". Retrieved 3 July 2021.
^ synthhead (16 February 2018). "Moog Synthesizer IIIp Modular System Reissued For $35,000". Synthtopia. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
^ "Announcing The New Emerson Moog Modular System". Retrieved 3 July 2021.
^ Reid, Gordon (2014). "The Rebirth Of Keith Emerson's Moog Modular". Sound on Sound. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
^ "The last ever Emerson Moog Modular System is being built and will sell for $150,000". Mixmag. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
^ "The Final Emerson Moog Modular System". Retrieved 5 July 2021.
^ "The Moog Model 10 Synthesizer Returns". Retrieved 3 July 2021.
^ "Moog Announces Limited Reissue Of Model 10 Synth". WMC · Winter Music Conference - Virtual Edition - May 20-21, 2021. 20 September 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
^ Elisabeth (17 September 2019). "Moog Music Reprises Moog Model 10 Synthesizer". Synthtopia. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
^ "Moog Synthesizer 12". Synthmuseum. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
^ a b c "1976 Japanese Catalog" (PDF).
^ Rogerson, Ben. "Moog is ending production of the Minimoog Model D". MusicRadar. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
^ Reid, Gordon. "Moog Grandmother". Sound on Sound. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
^ Gaston, Ryan. "Moog Matriarch: Who Needs Polyphony - Perfect Circuit". Perfect Circuit. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
^ Reid, Gordon. "Moog Matriarch". Sound on Sound. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
^ "Different Flavours of Modular Synthesizers". Attack Magazine. 17 June 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
^ Willings, Sam. "Behringer clones over 20 Moog modules for Eurorack". MusicTech. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
^ Willings, Sam. "Behringer bundles its System 55 Eurorack modules into three different rack sizes". MusicTech. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
^ Magnus, Nick. "Arturia Moog Modular V". Sound on Sound. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
^ Reid, Gordon. "Moog Model 15 App". Sound on Sound. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
^ Sheah, Daniel (9 September 2021). "Moog's Model 15 app is finally available as a VST". MusicTech. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
^ Betts, Will (20 January 2021). "NAMM 2021: Moog's Model 15 synth app comes to desktop on macOS Big Sur". MusicTech. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
Modular Moogs at Synthmuseum.com
Vintage Synth Explorer
Moog archives (site top)
The Moog Synthesizer
The Rebirth of Keith Emerson's Moog Modular
Minimoog Voyager
Micromoog
Concertmate MG-1
Little Phatty
Mother-32
Multimoog
Polymoog
Slim Phatty
Sonic Six
Theremini
Moog Werkstatt-Ø1
Animoog
Effects units
Moogerfooger
Robert Moog
Electronic and electroacoustic music
Hyperinstrument
Tape loop
Musique concrète
Noise music
Octophonic sound
Computer Music Center
Electronic Music Foundation
Groupe de Recherches Musicales
Institute of Sonology
STEIM
Toonzaal Studio
WORM studio
Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium
San Francisco Tape Music Center
Studio d'Essai
Studio for Electronic Music (WDR, Cologne)
Studio di fonologia musicale di Radio Milano
Moog synthesizers
Monophonic synthesizers
Analog synthesizers


Touch-sensitive keys add dynamics to your playing. Play lightly and the sound is soft. Hit the key hard and it's loud.
The Aux Line Input allows you to connect any music device with a headphone output, such as an MP3 player, a computer, a mixer or even another keyboard, and hear it through the internal speakers.
Melody Suppressor isolates the melody of audio songs connected to the Aux Line Input jack and reduces the volume allowing you to sing along or play the lead.


Colonel Lorna Mahlock will become the first Black female Brigadier General in the Marine Corps.
Colonel Lorna M. Mahlock has been nominated by the Trump Administration to serve as a Marine Corp brigadier general. If confirmed by the US Senate, Mahlock will be the first African American woman to hold this position in the history of the United States.
Secretary of Defense General James Mattis announced that President Trump had signed the nomination in a press statement last week.
Mahlock, 49, is now serving as deputy director at the Marine Corps' Plans, Policies and Operations Directorate based in Washington D.C. She served prior to her current assignment as a commanding officer in Okinawa, Japan in charge of 1,300 troop and civilian personnel, according to Blavity.com, an African American online news service.
A Marquette University grad, Mahlock earned a bachelor's degree in broadcast journalism and then completed a master's degrees in adult and higher education at the University of Oklahoma. She also earned additional master's degrees from both the U.S. Army War College and the Naval War College.
The decorated colonel joined the Marine Corps in 1985 and was deployed to Iraq for three tours of duty. She served in Marine Tactical Air Command Squadron 38 between 2002 and 2009, according to Business Insider.
Brigadier generals in the Marine Corps have one star and earn between $101,257 and $151 283, according to ferderalpay.org. The highest ranking in the Marines is a four-star general who serves as Commandant of the Corp.


Quentin Willson, well known columnist and TV presenter, presented MPs with letters from the Fair Fuel UK Campaign.
Willson was joined by Theo de Pencier of the Freight Transport Association and Kate Gibbs, of the Road Haulage Association. Both organisations who, between them represent more than 20,000 businesses, are backing this campaign.
Peter Carroll of the Fair Fuel Campaign said: "Quentin Willson has a fantastic profile amongst the motoring public, and we are delighted that he is helping us. Our Campaign is reaching out to every type of business and the private motorist.
EEF's pay data for the three months to the end of December 2010 shows that the average pay settlement has increased to 2.2%, up from 2.1% for the three months to the end of November. The number of pay freezes has fallen slightly but still remains at 1 in 5 settlements, reflecting continued downward pressure to contain internal costs in some companies.
Manufacturing output results from the Klarius Group Nicholsons manufacturing plant are consistent with recent UK GDP figures showing solid growth from the UK manufacturing sector.
Eaton Corporation has announced Egon Lechner, president - Europe, the Middle East and Africa for the Hydraulics Group has been promoted to solutions architect for the Hydraulics Group.
Lechner will work closely with Ruppert Russoniello, vice president - Global Markets, on global segment needs and with William VanArsdale, president - Hydraulics Group, on business development. He will continue to be based in Baden-Baden, Germany, and will be responsible for translating the business needs of Eaton's global market segments into technical requirements, as well as working across the business to identify targeted customer solutions.
The Eurofighter consortium has signed a five year contract with IFS to maintain its IFS Applications-based system, which is handling the Industrial Repair Service (IRS) for the Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft. The contract will continue to support Typhoon deployments through the next 5 years, enabling through-life management and support initiatives, is valued in excess of £2m.


I sometimes see this glow in the old stuff. Curious if this technique has a name, and how this was made.
If you have something like documentary about technical and business aspects of anime, it would be appreciated.
All your screenshots look like conventional cel animation, but done with various different techniques. The first image the "glow" looks like it was painted with an airbrush, probably on its own cel sheet overlaying the rest of the image. The lens flare effects in your second and fourth screenshots look they were painted on separate cel sheets and then optically faded in and out to animate them and then combined with the background using multiple exposures. The glow of the candles in the third image was probably airbrushed on the same cel as the candle flames. I'm not sure how the animated sunlight falling on the water in the fifth image was done, but my guess it was simply hand painted. The last image with the glowing bar was probably done with an airbrush similar to the previous examples, though it could be that a diffuser was placed in front the camera lens.
These are all very different effects and I don't think that most were done with airbrushing. The first one, maybe, but it's hard to be sure without seeing a higher resolution of that image. The second one is often "animated" and appears to be a real lens flare, that could be achieved by using a certain type of lens and shining in a light source from a side angle. With the others it's hard to say, again, because of image resolution issues. I've seen the water effect you're referencing a lot, too, but I'm under the impression that it's something else entirely. As for the last effect, that's the one I'm most interested in because I see it used all the time in 80s anime and I love the effect. I'm like 90% sure it's not done with airbrushing, however. If I had to guess, they leave part of the background cel unpainted and then shoot it over a light table with the light shining through to achieve this effect.
Can an animated show created outside Japan be called Anime?
Which one is the longest anime ever created and how long is it hourwise?
How were Sakura's release sequences made?


text:
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 6, 2021
Registration No. 333-
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
ENERGY TRANSFER LP
Delaware 30-0108820
(State or Other Jurisdiction
of Incorporation or Organization) (I.R.S. Employer
8111 Westchester Drive, Suite 600
AMENDED AND RESTATED ENERGY TRANSFER LP LONG-TERM INCENTIVE PLAN
(Full title of the plan)
Thomas E. Long
Co-Chief Executive Officer and
(Name and address of agent for service)
(Telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
David D'Alessandro
Vinson & Elkins L.L.P.
Thomas P. Mason
Executive Vice President and General Counsel
811 Westchester Drive, Suite 600
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act").
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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). ☐
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
Title of Securities
to be Registered Amount to be
Registered (1) Proposed
Per Share (2) Proposed
Offering Price (2) Amount of
Common units representing limited partner interests
48,400,000 $6.13 $296,692,000 $32,369.10
This Registration Statement on Form S-8 (this "Registration Statement") registers 48,400,000 additional common units representing limited partner interests (the "Common Units") of Energy Transfer LP (the "Registrant") that may be delivered with respect to awards under the Amended and Restated Energy Transfer LP Long-Term Incentive Plan (as amended from time to time, the "Plan"). Pursuant to Rule 416 of the Securities Act, this Registration Statement also covers such additional Common Units as may become issuable pursuant to the anti-dilution provisions of the Plan.
Pursuant to Rule 457(c) and (h) under the Securities Act, the proposed maximum offering price per share, proposed maximum aggregate offering price and the amount of the registration fee have been computed on the basis of the average of the high and low prices of the Common Units as reported on the New York Stock Exchange on December 31, 2020 (a date within five business days prior to the date of filing this Registration Statement); this price is used solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee.
This Registration Statement is being filed for the purpose of registering the offer and sale of an additional 48,400,000 Common Units that may be issued pursuant to the Plan. Except as otherwise set forth below, the contents of the registration statement on Form S-8 previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") on September 25, 2007 (File No. 333- 146298), which registered the offer and sale of 3,000,000 Common Units under the Plan, are incorporated herein by reference and made a part of this Registration Statement as permitted by General Instruction E to Form S-8.
INFORMATION REQUIRED IN THE SECTION 10(a) PROSPECTUS
The Registrant will send or give to all participants in the Plan the document(s) containing the information required by Part I of Form S-8, as specified in Rule 428(b)(1) promulgated by the Commission under the Securities Act. In accordance with Rule 428, the Registrant has not filed such document(s) with the Commission, but such document(s) (along with the documents incorporated by reference into this Registration Statement pursuant to Item 3 of Part II hereof) shall constitute a prospectus that meets the requirements of Section 10(a) of the Securities Act.
INFORMATION REQUIRED IN THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT
Incorporation of Documents by Reference.
The contents of the earlier registration statement relating to the Plan, previously filed with the Commission on September 25, 2007 (File No. 333- 146298) are incorporated herein by reference and made a part of this Registration Statement.
Exhibit Description
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4.2 Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Limited Partnership of Energy Transfer LP (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-32740) filed with the Commission on October 19, 2018).
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4.5 Amendment No. 2 to the Third Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Energy Transfer Equity, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-32740) filed with the Commission on November 13, 2007).
4.6 Amendment No. 3 to the Third Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Energy Transfer Equity, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-32740) filed with the Commission on June 2, 2010).
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4.9 Amendment No. 6 to the Third Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Energy Transfer Equity, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-32740) filed with the Commission on October 19, 2018).
4.10 Amendment No. 7 to the Third Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Energy Transfer LP (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.10 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 1-32740) filed with the Commission on August 8, 2019).
5.1* Opinion of Vinson & Elkins L.L.P.
23.1* Consent of Grant Thornton LLP related to Energy Transfer LP.
23.3* Consent of Vinson & Elkins L.L.P. (included in Exhibit 5.1 to this Registration Statement).
24.1* Power of Attorney (included in the signature page of this Registration Statement).
99.1 Amended and Restated Energy Transfer LP Long-Term Incentive Plan (formerly Amended and Restated Energy Transfer Equity, L.P. Long-Term Incentive Plan) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 1-32740) filed with the Commission on February 23, 2018).
99.2* First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Energy Transfer LP Long-Term Incentive Plan, dated as of January 14, 2019.
99.3* Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Energy Transfer LP Long-Term Incentive Plan, dated as of December 30, 2020.
Filed herewith
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-8 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Dallas, State of Texas, on January 6, 2021.
By: LE GP, LLC, its general partner
By: /s/ Thomas E. Long
Name: Thomas E. Long
Title: Co-Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Thomas E. Long, James M. Wright and William J. Healy as his or her attorney-in-fact, with full power of substitution for him or her in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to this Registration Statement, including any and all pre-effective and post-effective amendments and to file such amendments thereto, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact, or each of his or her substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities indicated on January 6, 2021.
/s/ Kelcy L. Warren
Kelcy L. Warren
Executive Chairman of the Board
/s/ Thomas E. Long
Co-Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Director
(Principal Financial Officer) (Co-Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Troy Sturrock
Troy Sturrock
Senior Vice President and Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)
/s/ John W. McReynolds
John W. McReynolds
Special Advisor and Director
/s/ Marshall S. McCrea, III
Marshall S. McCrea, III
Co-Chief Executive Officer, Chief Commercial Officer and Director
(Co-Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Matthew S. Ramsey
Matthew S. Ramsey
and Director
/s/ Steven R. Anderson
Steven R. Anderson
/s/ Richard D. Brannon
Richard D. Brannon
/s/ Ray C. Davis
Ray C. Davis
/s/ Michael K. Grimm
Michael K. Grimm
/s/ James R. Perry
James R. Perry
EX-5.1
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel for Energy Transfer LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the "Partnership"), in connection with the Partnership's registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act"), of the offer and sale of an additional 48,400,000 of the Partnership's common units, which represent limited partnership interests (the "Units"), pursuant to the Partnership's registration statement on Form S-8 (the "Registration Statement") to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 6, 2021, which Units may be issued from time to time in accordance with the terms of the Amended and Restated Energy Transfer LP Long-Term Incentive Plan (as amended from time to time, the "Plan").
In reaching the opinions set forth herein, we have examined and are familiar with originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of such documents and records of the Partnership and such statutes, regulations and other instruments as we deemed necessary or advisable for purposes of this opinion, including (i) the Registration Statement, (ii) certain resolutions adopted by the board of directors of the general partner of the Partnership, (iii) the Plan, and (iv) such other certificates, instruments, and documents as we have considered necessary for purposes of this opinion. As to any facts material to our opinion, we have made no independent investigation or verification of such facts and have relied, to the extent that we deem such reliance proper, upon certificates of public officials and officers or other representatives of the Partnership.
We have assumed (i) the legal capacity of all natural persons, (ii) the genuineness of all signatures, (iii) the authority of all persons signing all documents submitted to us on behalf of the parties to such documents, (iv) the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, (v) the conformity to authentic original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies, and (vi) that all information contained in all documents reviewed by us is true, correct and complete. In addition, we have assumed that the Units will be issued in accordance with the terms of the Plan.
Based on the foregoing and subject to the limitations set forth herein, and having due regard for the legal considerations we deem relevant, we are of the opinion that the Units have been duly authorized and, when the Units are issued by the Partnership in accordance with the terms of the Plan, the Units will be validly issued, fully paid (to the extent required by the Partnership's partnership agreement) and non-assessable, except as such nonassessability may be limited by Sections 17-303, 17-607 and 17-804 of the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act or within the Partnership's partnership agreement.
This opinion is limited in all respects to the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act. We express no opinion as to any matter other than as expressly set forth above, and no opinion on any other matter may be inferred or implied herefrom. The opinions expressed herein are rendered as of the date hereof and we expressly disclaim any obligation to update this letter or advise you of any change in any matter after the date hereof.
Vinson & Elkins LLP Attorneys at Law
Austin Dallas Dubai Houston London New York
Richmond Riyadh San Francisco Tokyo Washington
Tel +1.713.758.2222 Fax +1.713.758.2346 www.velaw.com
January 6, 2021 Page 2
This opinion letter may be filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act.
/s/ Vinson & Elkins L.L.P.
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We have issued our reports dated February 21, 2020 with respect to the consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting of Energy Transfer LP included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, which are incorporated by reference in this Registration Statement. We consent to the incorporation by reference of the aforementioned reports in this Registration Statement.
/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
FIRST AMENDMENT TO THE
AMENDED AND RESTATED ENERGY TRANSFER EQUITY, L.P.
LONG-TERM INCENTIVE PLAN
This amendment (the "Amendment") to the Amended and Restated Energy Transfer Equity, L.P. Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "Plan"), is hereby adopted as of October 19, 2018 (the "Effective Date") by LE GP, LLC (the "Company"), in its capacity as the general partner of Energy Transfer LP (the "Partnership"), on behalf of the Partnership. Terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Plan.
WHEREAS, the Partnership maintains the Plan for the purposes set forth therein; and
WHEREAS, the Board of Directors of the Company has previously approved the change in the name of the Partnership from Energy Transfer Equity, L.P. to Energy Transfer LP; and
WHEREAS, the officers of the Company have caused the aforementioned changes in the names of the Partnership to become effective in its jurisdictions of formation and qualifications and are now memorializing those changes in the books and records of the Partnership; and
WHEREAS, the Company now desires to amend the Plan to give the full and proper effect to such name change.
NOW, THEREFORE, effective as of the Effective Date, the Plan is amended as follows:
All references in the Plan to "Energy Transfer Equity, L.P." (including in the name of the Plan) shall be, and hereby are, replaced with "Energy Transfer LP".
All other provisions of the Plan shall remain the same and in full force and effect.
[Remainder of page intentionally left blank.]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Amendment, effective as of the date first set forth above.
LE GP, LLC
By: /s/ William J. Healy
William J. Healy
SECOND AMENDMENT TO THE
AMENDED AND RESTATED ENERGY TRANSFER LP
This Second Amendment (the "Amendment") to the Amended and Restated Energy Transfer LP Long-Term Incentive Plan (as amended, the "Plan"), is hereby adopted as of December 30, 2020 (the "Effective Date") by LE GP, LLC (the "Company"), in its capacity as the general partner of Energy Transfer LP (the "Partnership"), on behalf of the Partnership. Terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Plan.
WHEREAS, the Board last amended and restated the Plan effective December 20, 2017;
WHEREAS, the Board adopted the First Amendment to the Plan, effective January 14, 2019, to reflect the change in the name of the Partnership from Energy Transfer Equity, L.P. to Energy Transfer LP; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to Section 7(a) of the Plan, the Board or the Committee may amend the Plan in any manner, including increasing the number of Units available for Awards under the Plan, without the consent of any partner, Participant, other holder or beneficiary of an Award, or any other Person; and
WHEREAS, the Company now deems it advisable and necessary to amend the Plan to increase the number of Units that may be delivered with respect to Awards under the Plan by 35,000,000, modifying the aggregate number of Units that may be deliverable pursuant to the Plan from 12,000,000 to 47,000,000.
Section 4(a) is deleted and replaced in its entirety with the following:
"Subject to adjustment as provided in Section 4(c), the number of Units that may be deliverable with respect to Awards under the Plan is 47,000,000 (inclusive of the 12,000,000 Units previously approved for issuance pursuant to the Plan). Units withheld from an Award to either satisfy the Partnership's or one of its Affiliates' tax withholding obligations with respect to the Award or pay the exercise price of an Award shall not be considered to be Units delivered under the Plan. If any Award is forfeited, cancelled, exercised, settled in cash, or otherwise terminates or expires without the actual delivery of Units pursuant to such Award (except after the 10th anniversary of the Effective Date, the grant of Restricted Units is not a delivery of Units for this purpose unless and until the Restricted Period for such Restricted Units lapses), the Units subject to such Award
shall again be available for delivery with respect to future Awards under the Plan. There shall not be any limitation on the number of Awards that may be paid in cash."


Am Fam Physician. 2003 Mar 15;67(6):1362-1365.
Plaque instability is now acknowledged to be the major cause of unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. Unstable lesions (that are not necessarily severely stenotic) with a large lipid core, many inflammatory cells, and a thin fibrous cap are associated with acute coronary syndromes. The role of cytokines in contributing to plaque instability also is being elucidated. Forrester describes the process of plaque instability and provides clinical strategies for reducing the incidence of acute coronary syndromes.
Plaque instability begins with endothelial activation caused by both the classic cardiac risk factors (elevated cholesterol levels, smoking, and hypertension) and more recently identified factors (homocysteine, immune complexes, and some infectious agents). Activated endothelium causes local adherence of blood cells that can enter the blood vessel wall. As cells enter the endothelium, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol also enters and is oxidized and taken up by macrophages. This lipid and macrophage core is the largest segment of an unstable plaque.
All cell types in the vessel wall are activated, as occurs in other chronic inflammatory processes, and cytokines and proteolytic enzymes are expressed. These enzymes cause collagen degradation, resulting in thinning of the fibrous cap of the atheroma, while the cytokines decrease smooth muscle cell function and cause apoptosis (cell death). Systemic inflammatory factors also contribute to plaque instability, as demonstrated by increased C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Although reduction of lipids has been a standard method of reducing the risk of coronary heart disease, this new understanding of unstable plaques (see accompanying table) provides additional methods of risk reduction.
Reducing endothelial activation: angiotensin II is in dynamic balance with nitric oxide. When the balance is in favor of angiotensin II, endothelial activation begins, potentially resulting in plaque destabilization. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors can reduce macrophage infiltration and cell adhesion, resulting in decreased atherosclerosis. Angiotensin-II receptor blockers seem to have the same effect, although fewer clinical studies have been completed. Fish oils may elevate high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, decrease very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and reduce atherogenesis.
Reducing LDL cholesterol levels: lipid reduction reduces macrophage content in the vascular endothelium. The exact goal for lipid reduction is still being studied; the concept of aggressive lipid lowering to an LDL level of less than 80 mg per dL (2.05 mmol per L) is being evaluated. Statins also may have anti-inflammatory actions and decrease plaque macrophage and cholesterol content.
Accelerating reverse LDL cholesterol transport: raising HDL cholesterol and lowering triglyceride levels with the use of niacin or fibrates can increase the rate of LDL cholesterol reverse transport, thus lowering cholesterol in the plaque and decreasing the cardiac event rate.
Inhibiting the oxidative state: vitamin E and beta-carotene have antioxidant properties and may be useful, but the clinical data are contradictory. Folic acid seems useful in decreasing homocysteine levels, but any method of reduction has not yet been shown to reduce adverse cardiac events.
Inhibiting inflammatory cytokines. The increase of inflammatory cytokines in persons with acute coronary syndromes and the recently demonstrated association with Chlamydia pneumoniae suggest that antibiotics may have some use, but the efficacy of antibiotics in primary or secondary prevention of adverse cardiac events has not been demonstrated. Studies have demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory effect of aspirin can be helpful in patients with plaque instability by decreasing levels of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Inhibiting thrombosis: aspirin and clopidogrel seem useful because of their ability to inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce thrombus formation.
The authors conclude that trials are needed to determine what combinations of therapies added to diet and LDL cholesterol lowering will provide clinically useful outcomes. It remains to be determined if the effects of using all of these treatments will be additive and will result in a decrease in adverse coronary events.
Forrester JS. Prevention of plaque rupture: a new paradigm of therapy. Ann Intern Med. November 19, 2002;137:823–33.


We are living in the ultra-technological world where a smartphone is necessary to handle our work but sometimes the thing which is made to protect or help you might harm you as well.
Here I'm talking about factory reset protection which is a feature you will find in most of the new Android devices.
Many people don't know what FRP does for them, in short, factory reset protection is that feature which has been launched by Google to protect the android users data and important files if the phone has been stolen or lose.
So if you happen to lose your phone then that intruder might not be able to get into that phone unless he has right credentials to sign in. But sometimes we reset our android phones and forget the credentials like ID or password and at that time frp bypass apk might help you.
When it comes to using smartphone one of the most important thing which every mobile manufacturing company giving importance is the security of the customers. If you're using an android phone and enables the FRP then you better know the login ID and pass because in case if you forgot it after resetting your phone then that will become a problem which will give you a lot of headaches. I've seen many peoples who don't give importance to the user ID or password details when they are using an Android device and most of the times that happen when you use multiple accounts but if you've reset your phone and forgot don't have the login details then latest FRP bypass apk will help you. Because with this app you can easily skip the verification step.
Many people who want to bypass the verification while login into android smartphone need to download frp bypass apk and here you'll find a complete guide on how to download the latest version of this app and then use it to bypass the factory reset protection. So follow these steps to get the FRP bypass apk download and run it to bypass the frp settings.
Before we go into the details of the usability of this app first make sure that you've got these things in your possession because without them you won't be able to use this app.
Now when the bypass factory reset protection appears on the screen of your android device then connect the pendrive in which you've just downloaded the bypass frp apk file with the help of OTG cable.
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Now here you will have to change the security settings of your device to install this app and you can do that by following these instructions- goto the Setting>Security>Unknown sources and tap on it.
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Now, this is how you can easily bypass the factory reset protection with the help of this app. While doing the process just make sure that you're following the instructions provided carefully.
So this is how you can use the latest version of frp bypass to trick the frp and get into your Android device. We hope you liked this article and if you've got any queries relating to it then please comment down below.


text:
Jazmin Freddi, President
president@miami.unwomenusa.org
Jazmin Freddi is an MD with an MBA and an MPH from Johns Hopkins University and specialized in Health Systems and Policy. Jazmin has lived and worked in multiple countries and has been exposed to diverse cultures and roles.
Jazmin founded Latinas in Global Health to connect Latin American women working in global health around the world. She believes in the value of networking and mentoring to advance women's careers and strengthen relationships for personal growth. She created Latinas in Global Health to facilitate connections and enhance collaborations that empower women to generate more impact in their communities. Due to the lack of evidence readily available in Latin America, her nonprofit researches women in public health leadership in Latin America to shine a light on the gender gap and help countries move their agenda towards gender equality.
As part of her experience she managed her family business where she currently serves on the board of directors. She also worked and published some of her work at the Inter-American Development Bank in Washington DC in the Social Protection and Health Division. She also worked at Janssen Pharmaceuticals by Johnson & Johnson in Global Market Access and Global Public Health based in Beerse, Belgium. Later on she joined Janssen in the UK, where she worked as a Scientific Communications Manager in Medical Affairs developing a digital strategy for the EMEA region. Most recently she worked as a Medical and Global Public Health Policy specialist at Policy Wisdom.
As part of her continuing education Jazmin took a course in Social Medicine analyzing the social and economic determinants of health in Lacor Hospital in Gulu, Uganda. And has completed a course in Health as a Human Right at the Johns Hopkins University.
In addition, Jazmin is a member of United Way-Women United and Vital Voices Miami, and in 2019 has been awarded as a Top 100 Healthcare Leaders.
Jessica Kizorek, First Vice President
firstvp@miami.unwomenusa.org
For the past 15 years Jessica Kizorek has worked to develop a presence for herself, both domestically and abroad, as an entrepreneur and international activist specializing in women's financial empowerment. Working primarily with large non-profits through her company, Two Parrot Productions (co-founded with her father Bill Kizorek), she has created hundreds of short films and video-centric fundraising campaigns. Having traveled to over 60 countries, she has covered many humanitarian causes as a journalist and documentarian. Jessica has lectured at prestigious universities such as Princeton, authored 8 books, and been a featured small business expert on media outlets including CNN and Fox.
Marisa Portuondo, Secretary
secretary@miami.unwomenusa.org
Marisa Portuondo is a life-long Florida native. In 2009, she founded Portuondo Law Firm, which focuses on working with entrepreneurs to grow and protect their businesses. As a litigator, she has been resolving disputes for over 13 years, but she also enjoys working hand in hand with business owners, guiding them to success through a proactive business consulting approach. Her favorite clients to work with are impact-driven/community-minded businesses owned by women, as she believes that financial growth and independence is a crucial aspect of equality for women. Prior to attending law school, Ms. Portuondo graduated with a Master of Science degree from Florida International University's College of Business. A Miami-Dade resident, she is actively involved in the community's civic affairs. She was the Chairwoman for the Education Advisory Committee for the Town of Cutler Bay and was a Director for the Miami-Dade League of Women Voters.
Rochi Llaneza, Vice President of Outreach & Communications
vpcommunications@miami.unwomenusa.org
Born in Cuba, Llaneza immigrates to, and lives in different countries but settled her younger and adolescent years in Dominican Republic. She attended school at the American, Santiago Christian School, and later earned a Bachelors Degree in Business from the Pontific Catholic University and an art certificate from the School of Visual Arts of Santiago. In 1984 she moves permanently to Miami and graduates Suma Cum Laude from Florida International University with a Visual Art and Art History degree receiving academic honor awards and Phi Beta Kappa. She has completed Master's courses at FIU and acquired her Teacher's Aid certification. For the past 17 years her experience includes administration of nonprofits, gallery director, curator (over 60 exhibitions and projects) and arts administrator. After ending her tenure of 8 years in mid 2013 as Director at Hardcore Art Contemporary Space (in the Wynwood Arts District), Rochi is independently acting as an Arts Professional: curatorial projects, artists representation, consulting and creative development. At the time, she just concluded her tenure as Director of Spanierman Modern, a NY gallery in the Miami Design District. All the while, she has been working on a private research project that will end in an exhibition in the near future. Rochi was involved in the creation of organizations as Wynwood Association, Women of Wynwood and Miami Art Dealers Association. Presently she is Chair of ArtTable, Inc. Florida Chapter; Member of the Board of UN National Committee UN Women, Miami Chapter; member of Sistrunk Arts Partnership; among other volunteer work.
Stacey Luces, Vice President of Events
vpevents@miami.unwomenusa.org
Ms. Luces has over 20 years' experience and a proven track record of delivering results for public and private sector programs. She is currently a Chief Strategist and Data Analytics analyst with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Federal Emergency Management Agency. She has held leadership positions with the U.S. Department of Defense, IBM, Morgan Stanley, Bank of America, Pepsi and smaller federal components and is committed to achieving lasting impact. She has a Master of Business Administration from the University of Maryland University College, a Bachelor of Science in Marketing and International Business from the Robert H. Smith School of Business at the University of Maryland and her professional certifications include Project Management, Strategic Planning, Change Management, Business Process Improvement, Marketing, Business Case Analysis, Data Analytics, Performance Management, Business Development, and Strategic Communications.
Hortensia Núñez, PhD (2018-2019)
Caridad Avila and Lianne Naon, Co-Presidents (2017-2018)
Caridad Avila (2016-2017)
Alexandra Rider (2014-2016)
Marisa Feito, Founding President (2012-2014)
Miami Chapter
Chapter Contact


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AP Economics, June 16-19, 2015, Conference Speakers
Michael Brody holds a Bachelor of Science in economics with a concentration in finance from the Wharton School, a Bachelor of Arts in urban studies from the University of Pennsylvania, and a master's degree in education from Stanford University. He became a national board certified teacher in 2004. He serves as co-chair of the AP Microeconomics Development Committee and has taught workshops for AP economics teachers across the U.S., in China, and in the Middle East. Mr. Brody teaches history and economics and is the director of academic advising at Menlo School, Atherton, Calif.
Dr. Felix Kwan is professor of economics and finance at Maryville University in St. Louis where he teaches principles courses as well as business economics, international economics, money and banking, and corporate finance. He received his doctorate from Washington University. He has a master's degree in industrial economics, and his undergraduate background is in chemical engineering.
Kwan has served as an AP reader for the College Board in the past seven years, the last two as table leader for AP macroeconomics. Kwan also serves on the Education Advisory Board for the St. Louis Fed. His current research is in the area of teaching and learning, with a focus on student engagement and learning assessment. He has served as reviewer for the last four editions of Economics Principles, Problems, and Policies by McConnell, Brue, and Flynn, and has updated its multiple choice and true/false test bank.
Michael Owyang is a research officer at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. He received his B.A. in Economics and B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of California–Berkeley in 1992. He also received his M.A. and Ph.D. in Economics from the University of California–San Diego in 1996 and 2000, respectively. His principal research interests are time series econometrics, Markov switching, and Bayesian econometrics. Mr. Owyang joined the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in 2000.
Read more at Mike Owyang's website »
Peggy Pride served as the AP economics teacher at St. Louis University High School in St. Louis, Mo., from 1992 until her retirement in 2008. She earned her undergraduate degree in history and economics and her master's degree in business education at Southern Illinois University in Edwardsville, Il.
Pride has served on the Test Development Committee for AP economics from 1999 through 2004 and was the Micro Question Leader at the annual reading for four years. She previously served as Table Leader. Pride has presented at Council for Economic Education (CEE), and at the annual AP conference. She travels the Midwest as an AP consultant and has written curriculum for College Board, CEE and Junior Achievement. She was the primary author of the College Board publication, "AP Economics Teacher's Guide" (2004). Pride was awarded the Global Association of Teachers of Economics' "Teacher of the Year" award in 2006. She now writes and edits curriculum for economics textbooks. She was the senior editor for the Teachers' Guide for "Explorations in Economics" (2012) and the Teacher's Guide for "Krugman's Economics for AP, 2nd Edition" (2015).
Arthur Raymond is professor of economics and finance at Muhlenberg College in Allentown, Pa., where he recently served as chair of the Accounting, Business, and Economics Department and now directs the Economics and Finance Program. He currently offers courses in international trade, econometrics, portfolio theory, and principles of economics. Raymond's current professional activity focuses on economics education and testing, including serving as chief reader for AP economics from 2005-2008, and now as chief reader for AP macroeconomics. He also provides educational consulting services to the local community and speaks on testing and teaching economics at numerous conferences and workshops.
Paulina Restrepo-Echavarria is an economist in the Research Division at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Before joining the Bank in 2014, she was an assistant professor in the economics department at The Ohio State University.
Paulina was born in Bogotá, Colombia. She received Bachelor of Arts and Master of Science degrees in economics from Universidad de los Andes in 2004 and 2005, respectively. She received a doctorate in economics from the University of California, Los Angeles in 2010.
Her areas of research and interest are international economics, applied and theoretical macroeconomics, and development economics. Her work has been published in the European Economic Review.
Read more at Paulina Restrepo-Echavarria's website »
Daniel Thornton is president of D.L. Thornton Economics LLC. He was vice president and economic adviser at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis before retiring in August 2014. Prior to joining the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in 1981, Dr. Thornton was an associate professor of economics at Central Michigan University. Thornton received his doctorate in economics from the University of Missouri, Columbia and a Master of Science degree in economics from Arizona State University. He has published widely in leading economics and finance journals such as, the Review of Economics and Statistics; the Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking; the Journal of Financial Economics; and the Review of Financial Studies. He is an associate editor of Applied Economics Letters and Applied Financial Economics; a research fellow at the Centre for Finance and Credit Markets; a member of the Central Bank Communication Network; and a member of the advisory board of the International Centre for Banking and Corporate Governance. He is also a member of the Board of the St. Louis Council on Economic Education and a trustee of the Missouri Council on Economic Education.
Guillaume Vandenbroucke is a senior economist in the Research Division at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. He is also a lecturer in economics at Washington University in St. Louis.
Vandenbroucke received a doctorate in economics from the University of Rochester in 2004. Before joining the Bank in 2014, he was on the faculty of the economics departments at the University of Southern California and the University of Iowa. He has also been a visiting professor at the University of Pennsylvania's department of economics.
One line of Vandenbroucke's research focuses on family economics, including the economic causes and consequences of fertility and marriage decisions. Another line of research focuses on education and its connection with income inequality between individuals and countries.
Read more at Guillaume Vandenbroucke's website »
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With the Snow arriving last week & the partial opening of both Grands Montets & Les Houches last weekend. Full opening of Chamonix's ski areas is due this Saturday 17th December.
We still have 1 week available at the end of January so it's a great time to book your self catering break at Chalet La Moraine in the Chamonix valley.
Posted: December 15th, 2011 under Skiing in Chamonix.


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