text:
Vidispine-Team presents Media Supply Chain Solutions at NAB
Arvato Systems back at the top broadcast exhibition
New, enhanced and award-winning solutions take center stage at this year's NAB Show
Gütersloh – Vidispine, Arvato Systems' brand that provides scalable IT solutions for media and industry, will introduce the latest advances in media asset management, SaaS-based metadata creation, and cloud-based remote editing at 2022 NAB Show, taking place from the 23rd to the 27th of April. The Vidispine team is excited to return to NAB after a pause of two long years and looks forward to meeting customers and prospects face-to-face.
Exhibiting on Booth N5014 in the Las Vegas Convention Center, North Hall, Arvato Systems' Vidispine exhibit centres around the theme 'Take Control of your Media Supply Chain' and is a showcase for demos, use cases and new product launches designed to handle every building block of the content management process.
"The Vidispine team is incredibly excited to be returning to in-person meetings with the NAB community in Las Vegas," said Kurt Krinke, Vice President Sales, Arvato Systems North America. "Our team onsite looks forward to discussing challenges and requirements around seamless remote creative collaboration and how to get the most out of your media supply chain while maintaining control of your assets."
ENHANCED: VidiNet next level MAM
At NAB, the Vidispine team will showcase the evolution of its media service platform VidiNet which now includes best-in-class functionalities for face recognition and automated quality control. Its powerful media management backend is VidiCore, which is the basis for both turnkey solutions and a modular MAM architecture, designed from the ground up to be completely flexible and adaptable to any customer requirement.
NEW: MediaPortal SaaS for Metadata
MediaPortal provides journalists and content producers with rapid and fluent access to a vast repository, as well as the ability to collect, curate and share that content with search logic and intuitive design. Now, MediaPortal is available as a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) solution on and through the VidiNet platform. Also new is a 'SaaS for Metadata creation', built in partnership with DeepVA. Both of these new solutions will be demonstrated at NAB.
SEE: Emmy Award winning Remote Editing
As a pioneer in cloud-based editing, Arvato Systems is proud to have been honored with a 2022 Technology & Engineering Emmy® Award for Cloud Enabled Remote Editing. The Vidispine streaming technology enables customers to work together from anywhere with a functionality that effectively transforms 'the cloud' from a pure storage and compute infrastructure to a post-production facility and can be experienced live at the Vidispine booth.
"The elementary requirements of the MAM workflow are search, browse, collect and distribute, and these do not change as the industry adopts workflows in the cloud", says Erik Åhlin, Director Sales for Vidispine at Arvato Systems. "We are proud to be continuing to provide the innovative, secure and scalable support that our customers expect of us and excited to demonstrate the breadth of our portfolio spanning any deployment scenario from on-premises to hybrid to full cloud. I am therefore looking forward to many exciting conversations at our booth."
For more information on Arvato Systems' Vidispine events at NAB and to schedule a 1-1 meeting or demo please click here: Meet us at NAB 2022 | Vidispine
As an internationally active IT specialist, Arvato Systems supports well-known companies in Digital Transformation. About 3,100 employees at over 25 locations worldwide stand for a high level of technical understanding, industry know-how and a clear focus on customer needs. As a team, we develop innovative IT solutions, bring our customers into the cloud, integrate digital processes and take over the operation and support of IT systems. Vidispine is a brand of the Arvato Systems Group. The Vidispine portfolio enables companies working with media to focus on their core business by providing easy access to technology that supports their business needs. Our platform enables customers to get the maximum value from their assets, rights, media inventory and market. In addition, we are able to map entire value-added chains in the network of Arvato, a member of the Bertelsmann Group. Through our strong strategic partner network with global top players such as AWS, Google, Microsoft, and SAP, we continuously strengthen our know-how and leverage the most advanced technology. We Empower Digital Leaders. arvato-systems.com vidispine.com
Your Contact for Press Inquiries
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I told myself after today's crappy & painful run that I would only allow myself to have a pity party on my way home. Then I would chalk this run up to a tiring week/weekend and embrace a new training week.
I continued to beat myself up for the rest of the day and just ended up indulging in 4 oreos. Good plan, Cayla.
This weekend I was supposed to volunteer for an awesome race and had everything planned for a LONG 15 miler on Saturday with a friend. My husband's neck started hurting Friday night and only worsened throughout the night. I knew early Friday morning I would be taking him to the ER…poor guy couldn't even sit up on his own. We had to get the pain under control, he was close to tears several times. After several hours at the ER Saturday morning, he was doing some better. He is still in pain, but is gaining range of motion back. They basically told him, Torticollis, I think that was the easy diagnosis. Hopefully he continues to feel better. So anyways, that changed all my weekend training plans.
This past week was extremely trying as a parent. I think Taylor would agree. I've never had to spank my precious girl more than I have this week. I've felt like the absolute worst parent. I know it's just Satan feeding those thoughts, but there have been times, He's gotten under my skin and I've believed His lies.
Overall, I was really proud of my training week. I had stuck to all my runs, finally got back on the bike, and was looking forward to running those 15 miles.
Since the rain held off until this afternoon, I set out around 1 today for my run. I knew I wouldn't get 15, but was hoping for at least 10. Yeah right. For longer runs, I wear my Fuelbelt, but for whatever reason it would NOT stay in place, no matter how much I tightened it. I was so mad by 3 miles that I ripped it off and almost chucked it in the bay. But I wasn't giving the devil that satisfaction…so I refrained and tried to calm myself down. Then the back/side of my left calf muscle started throbbing. I decided to try out my new Brooks shoes, so I figured this was a sign my legs didn't like them. They were about .5 size to small and I hated how they felt under my arch. So at this point, I decided to turn around to prevent any more damage. I held my Fuelbelt the rest of the way. I was doing pretty good until I was headed back South and the winds were 20 mph. My face hurt, my eyes were burning, the sand was ridiculous. I think at some point I laughed because this whole run was just beyond stupid. I still managed an hour run though. The last song to play was Third Day's "40 Days"…and I was almost overwhelmed because I swear I heard God say, Cayla, did you ever just stop and thank me for your legs, your lungs, for the hour you did run. Did you ever just ask Me for strength. I was busy being mad and feeling consumed with self pity, no wonder I was running terribly.
I know I'll continue to grow stronger and run stronger. We have good days, we have bad ones. We have days where the devil relentlessly beats up on us, but we are told in Isaiah 40:31 "…those who HOPE in the Lord will have renewed strength. They will soar on wings like Eagles, they will RUN and not grow weary, they will walk and not be faint…" I'm clinging to His hope and embracing a new week.
Hope you have a blessed week as well.
Side note: am I the only "runner/cyclist" whose car looks like this?
3 pairs of tennis shoes, Fuelbelt, 2 Gatorades, helmet, headphones, snacks, water bottle, bike cleats, I mean, it's beyond silly.


text:
Q: Replace old password with new random password in multiple files using shellscript I am trying to replace the passwords present in multiple files with new random passwords.
I figured a way with sed to do this, but the problem is when I run this sed to a file, its replacing all the passwords with same value, which has to a different one for each value.
cat admin/secrets.ini | sed -e "s/"password:\ .*"/"password:\ `openssl rand -base64 18`"/g"

Grep before sed
sh-3.2# grep -i password adminsrv/secrets.ini
x_db_password: d3RBSmhykadfnvkadfWcHdDUA==
y_db_password: WXNKVFEunfvabfvlURzNFeQ==
z_password: Ymfvmidmlu

Grep after sed
sh-3.2# grep -i password adminsrv/secrets.ini
x_db_password: uTtDyP7aNeONxxOD7MhFH5Eb
y_db_password: uTtDyP7aNeONxxOD7MhFH5Eb
z_password: uTtDyP7aNeONxxOD7MhFH5Eb

Here I want every value to be replaced into a new random value in multiple such files.
Please suggest, if there is anyother way to do this in a single script.

A: Here is an awk version that seems to work.
cat admin/secrets.ini
Not this
x_db_password: d3RBSmhykadfnvkadfWcHdDUA==
y_db_password: WXNKVFEunfvabfvlURzNFeQ==
z_password: Ymfvmidmlu
Not this

awk '/password/ {printf "%s ",$1;system("openssl rand -base64 18")} !/password/' admin/secrets.ini
Not this
x_db_password: d3RBSmhykadfnvkadfWcHdDUA==
y_db_password: WXNKVFEunfvabfvlURzNFeQ==
z_password: Ymfvmidmlu
Not this

A: you mean something like that:
#!/bin/bash
while read -r line; do
   echo "${line% *} $(openssl rand -base64 18)"
done < secrets.ini > new_secrets.ini

A: Finally the working script. Thanks to @Jotne
N=$(date +%s)
rsync --recursive secrets/core/* secrets/$N/
for i in `find secrets/$N/* -iname secrets.ini`;
do
awk '/password/ {printf "%s ",$1;system("openssl rand -base64 18")} !/password/' $i > $i.tmp && mv $i.tmp $i;
done

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The travails of former press baron Conrad Black have been, in turns, titillating, engrossing and shocking. Above all, however, beyond the "downfall of a titan" chinwag and the schism between detractors and admirers — a gulf approaching that of Middle East politics but eclipsing the bargaining table at Canada Post — is an investigation, arrest and trial of substance and importance.
Conducted in an intense and constant glare of publicity, that continued Friday when Lord Black, 66, was re-sentenced to serve another 13 months in a U.S. prison, it remains a case from which many lessons can be gleaned.
In 2005, U.S. prosecutors charged Lord Black with mail fraud, wire fraud, racketeering, money laundering and obstruction of justice, tallying 17 charges in all. His various legal challenges have since whittled his convictions to two — from a "$500-million corporate kleptocracy" to a fraud involving $600,000 — through proceedings that speak to corporate governance, shareholder rights, personal defiance, hubris and the U.S. government's pursuit of white-collar crime.
any personal lessons he might have drawn from his ordeal, saying he would expound on this in his next book, expected in two months.
1) A defendant in America in a lengthy, high profile case requires deep pockets and a resolute spirit. Being a British Lord is not an advantage.
Lord Black's vast wealth fuelled much of the public's interest in his case. Despite his money, as owner of the world's third-largest English-language newspaper empire — including the National Post, a paper he founded in 1998 and divested himself of in 2001 — it was more his outspoken ideological views and public persona that really drove his critics batty.
A team of skilled, high-priced lawyers in Canada and the United States were assembled to battle over bail, motions, sentencing, and multiple appeals, even to the Supreme Court. After more than five years, his re-sentencing involved more legal expenses. It has cost more than all but the financial elite could ever muster.
But it was not money alone that carried Lord Black this far. He never wavered, publicly at least, in believing he would triumph.
His British title hasn't only impacted him in the eyes of a public that is often keen to revel when the mighty stumble. The Canadian-born media baron relinquished his Canadian citizenship in 2001 to become a British peer. That, coupled with his criminal conviction, throws into question his ability to return to Canada.
2) Video evidence of boxes being removed is more incriminating for juries than perks like trips to Bora Bora.
On May 20, 2005, Lord Black, along with his chauffeur and his long-time assistant, took 13 banker's boxes from Hollinger's Toronto headquarters in the midst of the U.S. government's investigation. The incident was recorded by a security camera and shown to the jury in court.
It was easily digestible, concrete and visceral evidence amidst a sea of eye-glazing corporate documentation and legalese that directly led to Lord Black's conviction on obstructing justice, one of the most serious charges.
It is one of only two charges from the sprawling case that have stuck.
Meanwhile, a government witness testified at trial that Lord Black flew in Hollinger's corporate jet to the Pacific resort island of Bora Bora with his wife, Barbara Amiel Black, claiming the flight cost the company $24,169 an hour.
The exotic trip made for interesting news copy and painted a picture of luxury and excess, but Lord Black's lawyers argued the cost down to $6,000, told the jury he offered to pay half and said the company insisted flights be covered by the company because of security and terrorism concerns. Plus, Lord Black is always working, even in Bora Bora, the jury heard.
3) As David Radler understood, the most valued currency in American justice is cooperation with the government.
The value of cooperating witnesses, who testify against co-accused in return for leniency, has long been an important feature of U.S. prosecutions, especially in racketeering cases. Just ask the Mafia bosses of New York who have tumbled after underlings became so-called rats.
In Lord Black's case, David Radler, his former friend and close business partner for more than 40 years, pleaded guilty to mail fraud and received a reduced sentence of 29 months. As part of his plea bargain, he agreed to testify against Lord Black and his co-accused.
Mr. Radler's testimony was a highlight of the trial, drawing an acrimonious cross-examination by lawyer Edward Greenspan, during which the witness admitted lying in the past.
"Sir, I told lies," he said, but "I am not lying" now.
Mr. Radler transferred to Canada and spent nine months in jail. As with the mob cases, a co-operating witness almost always wins out over a defiant co-accused when measured by prison time.
4) The similarities between a trial in Canada and the U.S. end with the presumption of innocence and the verdict of a unanimous jury.
Under the modern American system, the scales of justice are heavily weighted in favour of prosecutors, much more so than in Canada.
A speedy trial in America trumps the lengthy delays in Canada that often arise in the obsessive system of disclosure of evidence, but the flip side of that meant during Lord Black's trial, boxes of documents were disclosed to the defence midway through the hearing.
Prosecutors speak first and last in their addresses to the jury, offering another tangible benefit.
The success rate for federal prosecutions in Chicago is 90%.
5) It is helpful on an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court to have been tried on a vague law that was used by prosecutors to target unpopular executives and politicians.
The "honest services" law was added in 1988 to stipulate that someone can be ripped off of more than just money or property. More easily applied to public officials than private citizens, this section underpinned Lord Black's fraud convictions.
Last June, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that "honest services" fraud is too vague to constitute a crime unless a bribe or kickback was involved, breathing new life into Lord Black's case.
6) Never publicly condemn a system of justice when you face the prospect of being re-sentenced by your trial judge.
Undaunted by his prison sentence, from his cell Lord Black authored stern condemnations of the people and system that stripped him of his freedom.
On Friday, Judge Amy St. Eve, who presided over his trial, also heard his re-sentencing. She ruled that Lord Black abused his position of trust, "stealing" money from shareholders and using "sophisticated means" to conceal it.
Her sentence makes further exposition of this lesson unnecessary; upon hearing of Lord Black's further 13 months incarceration, Ms. Amiel Black collapsed in court.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Released in late 2004, the single peaked at number fifty-nine on the U.S. It's produced and features a verse by rapper Kanye West. March 19 is the 78th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. His agency, Q2 Sports and Entertainment, represents a diversified portfolio of athletes, models, celebrities and TV personalities. Yurizan Beltran, also known as YuriLuv, is an American pornographic actress. "The New Workout Plan" is the final single from Kanye West's debut album, The College Dropout. The Jace Hall Show is a production of HDFILMS, INC. The Jace Hall Show is a video game show hosted by Jace Hall consisting of interviews with Hollywood celebrities and those involved in the video game industry.
The City of Perth Amboy is part of the New York metropolitan area. It debuted at #2 on the U.S. Todd Crannell is a NFL and Entertainment agent. Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. Chappelle's Show is an American sketch comedy television series created by comedians Dave Chappelle and Neal Brennan, with Chappelle hosting the show as well as starring in the majority of its sketches.
It is one of their "indulgent" products. Edition of FHM magazine in December 2002; since then, she has modeled for many other men's magazines. National Lampoon's Dorm Daze 2 is the mystery/farce sequel to the 2003 comedy National Lampoon Presents Dorm Daze. There are 287 days remaining until the end of the year. Spike Video Game Awards was an annual award show hosted by Spike TV between 2003 and 2013 that recognized the best computer and video games of the year. Perth Amboy is a city in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States.
The film stars Richard E. It was released on March 16, 2004. Her first notable appearance was in the U.S. "Wouldn't Get Far" is the third single from The Game's second album Doctor's Advocate.
Vida Guerra is a Cuban-born American glamour model. The screenplay was written by Alan Plater and was produced by Peter Shaw. It achieved huge success in many countries, topping many international charts. Keep the Aspidistra Flying is a 1997 romance/comedy film directed by Robert Bierman and based on the eponymous novel by George Orwell. Buffie Carruth, also known as Buffie The Body, is an American model, fitness instructor actress and writer. Split Personality is the debut album by rapper Cassidy.


Access routes within gold bearing areas is typically a concern for any mining operations. One of the very valuable assets of the Big Cliff Gold Mines is the existence of a good network of roads and trails..
In the early 1850s, prospectors first discovered gold in the southern region of what was then Oregon Territory. In the 1860s, gold miners moved into eastern Oregon. In both areas, corporations with outside investors soon replaced small and independent mining operations.
Gold mining is still practiced today in Helena. The Bureau of Land Management lists a total of 842 active mining claims in the city. These mining claims are complemented by numerous recreational panning areas located throughout the region. There are a number of laws governing prospecting in Helena.
The Comstock Lode had been a minor gold placer district since 1850. Gold was discovered in this region in the spring of 1850, in Gold Canyon, by a company of Mormon emigrants on their way to the California Gold Rush.
Of the 3,000 gold mines and prospecting locations shown on Map 5, there are scattered gold deposits throughout the region and heavy concentrations of gold sites in famous mining areas, such as Grass Valley, Auburn, Placerville, Downieville, Mariposa, Angels Camp and all along California state road 49, which connected the old gold mining camps.
Petersville Recreational Mining Area, Alaska. The Petersville Recreational Mining Area is located along the Peters Creek, within the Seward Meridian in Township 28N, Range 9W Section 1 and Township 28N, Range 8W Sections 6 8. Access is provided to the Petersville Recreational Mining Area by Petersville Road.
Most of the 15,342 people of this Region are involved in mining for gold and diamonds. Omai Gold Mines Ltd, which extracted 250,642 ounces of gold last year , is the biggest gold producer in this Region, and in Guyana.
Somalia is a country located in Eastern Africa bordering the Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden. About; Also please feel free to help us keep this page up to date with the latest developments or discoveries in this region. 6 Highland Copper Receives Mining, Dam, and Air Safety Permits from the MDEQ for its Copperwood Project.
One of the noteworthy areas in Southern California is the Dale mining district located near 29 Palms. It is a very productive area to find gold. Extreme temperatures limit prospecting in the summer, but in the winter many prospectors explore the hills in search of gold.
Jul 29, 2018·The Guyana Highlands ICMJ's Prospecting and Mining Journal. It occupies a vast and remote region between the Orinoco River on the north and the Residual gold and diamond deposits can also be found in some areas.
Reed Gold Mine is the site of the first documented gold find in the United States. From this discovery, gold mining spread gradually to nearby counties and eventually into other southern states. During its peak years gold mining was second only to farming in the number of North Carolinians it employed.
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May 31, 2017·gold concentrate areas in highland region offers 24620 manganese ore products. About 9% of these are manganese ore, 2% are water treatment, and 1% are . All Countries & Regions.


text:
Natural occurrence of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in processed spices marketed in Malaysia
Ali N, Hashim NH, Shuib NS
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 2015;32(4):518-32.
PMID: 25658149 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1011712
The analysis of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) and ochratoxin A (OTA) was performed in processed spices marketed in Penang, Malaysia, using immunoaffinity columns and HPLC equipped with fluorescence detector (HPLC-FD). The processed powdered spices analysed include dried chilli, fennel, cumin, turmeric, black and white pepper, poppy seed, coriander, 'garam masala', and mixed spices for fish, meat and chicken curry. Two different studies were carried out. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.01 ng g(-1) for each aflatoxin (AF) and 0.10 ng g(-1) for OTA (signal-to-noise ratio = 3:1). In the first study, 34 commercial processed spices analysed with a mean level, range and incidence of positive samples for total AF were 1.61 ng g(-1), 0.01-9.34 ng g(-1) and 85%, respectively, and for AFB1 were 1.38 ng g(-1), 0.01-7.68 ng g(-1) and 85%, respectively. The mean level, range and incidence of positive samples for OTA were 2.21 ng g(-1), 0.14-20.40 ng g(-1) and 79%, respectively. Natural co-occurrence of AF and OTA was found in 25 (74%) samples. In the second study of 24 commercial processed spices, the mean level, range and incidence of positive samples for total AF were 8.38 ng g(-1), 0.32-31.17 ng g(-1) and 88%, respectively, and for AFB1 were 7.31 ng g(-1), 0.32-28.43 ng g(-1) and 83%, respectively. Fifteen positive samples for total AF and two positive samples for OTA exceeded the permissible Malaysian limit of 5 ng g(-1). Contamination of both mycotoxins in spices may represent another route of exposure to consumers due to their frequent and prolonged consumption, as spices are common ingredients in popular dishes among Asian countries.
Simultaneous determination of multi-mycotoxins in palm kernel cake (PKC) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
Yibadatihan S, Jinap S, Mahyudin NA
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 2014;31(12):2071-9.
PMID: 25396715 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.978396
Palm kernel cake (PKC) is a useful source of protein and energy for livestock. Recently, it has been used as an ingredient in poultry feed. Mycotoxin contamination of PKC due to inappropriate handling during production and storage has increased public concern about economic losses and health risks for poultry and humans. This concern has accentuated the need for the evaluation of mycotoxins in PKC. Furthermore, a method for quantifying mycotoxins in PKC has so far not been established. The aims of this study were therefore (1) to develop a method for the simultaneous determination of mycotoxins in PKC and (2) to validate and verify the method. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method using an electrospray ionisation interface (ESI) in both positive- and negative-ion modes was developed for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxins (AFB₁, AFB₂, AFG₁ and AFG₂), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FB₁ and FB₂), T-2 and HT-2 toxin in PKC. An optimum method using a 0.2 ml min⁻¹ flow rate, 0.2% formic acid in aqueous phase, 10% organic phase at the beginning and 90% organic phase at the end of the gradient was achieved. The extraction of mycotoxins was performed using a solvent mixture of acetonitrile-water-formic acid (79:20:1, v/v) without further clean-up. The mean recoveries of mycotoxins in spiked PKC samples ranged from 81% to 112%. Limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) for mycotoxin standards and PKC samples ranged from 0.02 to 17.5 μg kg⁻¹ and from 0.06 to 58.0 μg kg⁻¹, respectively. Finally, the newly developed method was successfully applied to PKC samples. The results illustrated the fact that the method is efficient and accurate for the simultaneous multi-mycotoxin determination in PKC, which can be ideal for routine analysis.
Optimisation of the supercritical extraction of toxic elements in fish oil
Hajeb P, Jinap S, Shakibazadeh Sh, Afsah-Hejri L, Mohebbi GH, Zaidul IS
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 2014;31(10):1712-22.
This study aims to optimise the operating conditions for the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of toxic elements from fish oil. The SFE operating parameters of pressure, temperature, CO2 flow rate and extraction time were optimised using a central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). High coefficients of determination (R²) (0.897-0.988) for the predicted response surface models confirmed a satisfactory adjustment of the polynomial regression models with the operation conditions. The results showed that the linear and quadratic terms of pressure and temperature were the most significant (p < 0.05) variables affecting the overall responses. The optimum conditions for the simultaneous elimination of toxic elements comprised a pressure of 61 MPa, a temperature of 39.8ºC, a CO₂ flow rate of 3.7 ml min⁻¹ and an extraction time of 4 h. These optimised SFE conditions were able to produce fish oil with the contents of lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury reduced by up to 98.3%, 96.1%, 94.9% and 93.7%, respectively. The fish oil extracted under the optimised SFE operating conditions was of good quality in terms of its fatty acid constituents.
Trans fatty acid content in Malaysian supermarket foods: a field-to-laboratory approach in assessing food risk
Karupaiah T, Tan HK, Ong WW, Tan CH, Sundram K
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 2014;31(8):1375-84.
The extent of industrial trans fatty acids (TFA) in the food supply is unknown in Malaysia, whilst TFA disclosure on food labels is not mandatory by Malaysian food standards. Supermarket foods such as dairy products, fats and oils, meat products, snack foods, soups, and confectionery are commonly cited to be major contributors of TFA in the diet. A consumer survey (n = 622) was used to develop a food listing of these 'high risk' foods. TFA content of high-risk foods were analysed by gas chromatography. Food samples (n = 158) were analysed and their total TFA content were compared with Malaysian Food Standards. A wide variation in TFA content within food categories was indicated. Of the foods containing TFA, many food labels did not cite TFA content or the use of partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVO) as an ingredient. Hypothesised estimates of TFA intake from these supermarket foods in a sample day's menu providing 2000 kcal projected a minimum intake of 0.5 g and a maximum intake of 5.2 g TFA. This study found there was no voluntary disclosure of TFA content on food labels or identifying PHVO as an ingredient. It appears that health education targeting consumers to minimise TFA consumption is required supported by mandatory PHVO disclosure on the food label.
Contamination of food samples from Malaysia with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and estimation of human intake
Leong YH, Chiang PN, Jaafar HJ, Gan CY, Majid MI
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 2014 Apr;31(4):711-8.
A total of 126 food samples, categorised into three groups (seafood and seafood products, meat and meat products, as well as milk and dairy products) from Malaysia were analysed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). The concentration of PCDD/Fs that ranged from 0.16 to 0.25 pg WHO05-TEQ g(-1) fw was found in these samples. According to the food consumption data from the Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS) of the World Health Organization (WHO), the dietary exposures to PCDD/F from seafood and seafood products, meat and meat products, as well as milk and dairy products for the general population in Malaysia were 0.064, 0.183 and 0.736 pg WHO05-TEQ kg(-1) bw day(-1), respectively. However, the exposure was higher in seafood and seafood products (0.415 pg WHO05-TEQ kg(-1) bw day(-1)) and meat and meat products (0.317 pg WHO05-TEQ kg(-1) bw day(-1)) when the data were estimated using the Malaysian food consumption statistics. The lower exposure was observed in dairy products with an estimation of 0.365 pg WHO05-TEQ kg(-1) bw day(-1). Overall, these dietary exposure estimates were much lower than the tolerable daily intake (TDI) as recommended by WHO. Thus, it is suggested that the dietary exposure to PCDD/F does not represent a risk for human health in Malaysia.
Reduction of mycotoxins in white pepper
Jalili M, Jinap S
A simple method for the reduction of aflatoxins B₁ (AFB₁), B₂ (AFB₂), G₁ (AFG₁), G₂ (AFG₂) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in white pepper was studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to determine the effect of four variables, which included time (20-60 min), temperature (30-70°C), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) (0-1%) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) (1-3%) during the washing step of white pepper. The efficacy of the method was evaluated by the determination of mycotoxins by HPLC with fluorescence detection (FD). Statistical analysis showed that the experimental data could be adequately fitted into a second-order polynomial model, with a multiple regression coefficient (R²) in the range of 0.805-0.907 for AFG₂ and AFG₁, respectively. The optimal condition was 57.8 min, 62.0°C, of 0.6% (w/v) and 2.8% (v/v) for time, temperature, Ca(OH)₂ and H₂O₂ respectively. By applying the optimum condition, the mycotoxins reduction was found to be in the range of 68.5-100% for AFB₂ and AFG₁ respectively.
The effect of chemical treatment on reduction of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in black and white pepper during washing
Jalili M, Jinap S, Son R
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 2011 Apr;28(4):485-93.
The effect of 18 different chemicals, which included acidic compounds (sulfuric acid, chloridric acid, phosphoric acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, acetic acid), alkaline compounds (ammonia, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide), salts (acetate ammonium, sodium bisulfite, sodium hydrosulfite, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate) and oxidising agents (hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite), on the reduction of aflatoxins B(1), B(2), G(1) and G(2) and ochratoxin A (OTA) was investigated in black and white pepper. OTA and aflatoxins were determined using HPLC after immunoaffinity column clean-up. Almost all of the applied chemicals showed a significant degree of reduction on mycotoxins (p < 0.05). The lowest and highest reduction of aflatoxin B(1), which is the most dangerous aflatoxin, was 20.5% ± 2.7% using benzoic acid and 54.5% ± 2.7% using sodium hydroxide. There was no significant difference between black and white peppers (p < 0.05).
Analysis of melamine migration from melamine food contact articles
Chik Z, Haron DE, Ahmad ED, Taha H, Mustafa AM
Migration of melamine has been determined for 41 types of retail melamine-ware products in Malaysia. This study was initiated by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia, in the midst of public anxiety on the possibility of melamine leaching into foods that come into contact with the melamine-ware. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the level of melamine migration in melamine utensils available on the market. Samples of melamine tableware, including cups and plates, forks and spoons, tumblers, bowls, etc., were collected from various retail outlets. Following the test guidelines for melamine migration set by the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN 2004) with some modifications, the samples were exposed to two types of food simulants (3% acetic acid and distilled water) at three test conditions (25°C (room temperature), 70 and 100°C) for 30 min. Melamine analysis was carried out using LC-MS/MS with a HILIC column and mobile phase consisting of ammonium acetate/formic acid (0.05%) in water and ammonium acetate/formic acid (0.05%) in acetonitrile (95 : 5, v/v). The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 5 ng/ml. Melamine migration was detected from all samples. For the articles tested with distilled water, melamine migration were [median (interquartile range)] 22.2 (32.6), 49.3 (50.9), 84.9 (89.9) ng/ml at room temperature (25°C), 70 and 100°C, respectively. In 3% acetic acid, melamine migration was 31.5 (35.7), 81.5 (76.2), 122.0 (126.7) ng/ml at room temperature (25°C), 70 and 100°C, respectively. This study suggests that excessive heat and acidity may directly affect melamine migration from melamine-ware products. However the results showed that melamine migration in the tested items were well below the specific migration limit (SML) of 30 mg/kg (30,000 ng/ml) set out in European Commission Directive 2002/72/EC.
Optimization and validation of a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2, ochratoxin A and zearalenone using an experimental design
Rahmani A, Selamat J, Soleimany F
A reversed-phase HPLC optimization strategy is presented for investigating the separation and retention behavior of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2, ochratoxin A and zearalenone, simultaneously. A fractional factorial design (FFD) was used to screen the significance effect of seven independent variables on chromatographic responses. The independent variables used were: (X1) column oven temperature (20-40°C), (X2) flow rate (0.8-1.2 ml/min), (X3) acid concentration in aqueous phase (0-2%), (X4) organic solvent percentage at the beginning (40-50%), and (X5) at the end (50-60%) of the gradient mobile phase, as well as (X6) ratio of methanol/acetonitrile at the beginning (1-4) and (X7) at the end (0-1) of gradient mobile phase. Responses of chromatographic analysis were resolution of mycotoxin peaks and HPLC run time. A central composite design (CCD) using response surface methodology (RSM) was then carried out for optimization of the most significant factors by multiple regression models for response variables. The proposed optimal method using 40°C oven temperature, 1 ml/min flow rate, 0.1% acetic acid concentration in aqueous phase, 41% organic phase (beginning), 60% organic phase (end), 1.92 ratio of methanol to acetonitrile (beginning) and 0.2 ratio (end) for X1-X7, respectively, showed good prediction ability between the experimental data and predictive values throughout the studied parameter space. Finally, the optimized method was validated by measuring the linearity, sensitivity, accuracy and precision parameters, and has been applied successfully to the analysis of spiked cereal samples.
Simultaneous detection of 12 mycotoxins in cereals using RP-HPLC-PDA-FLD with PHRED and a post-column derivatization system
Soleimany F, Jinap S, Rahmani A, Khatib A
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 2011 Apr;28(4):494-501.
A new method for the simultaneous quantification of 12 mycotoxins was developed and optimized using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with a photodiode array (PDA) and fluorescence detector (FLD), a photochemical reactor for enhanced detection (PHRED) and post-column derivatization. The mycotoxins included aflatoxins (AFB(1), AFB(2), AFG(1), and AFG(2)), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FB(1), FB(2), and FB(3)), T-2 and HT-2 toxins. A double sample extraction with a phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS) and methanol was used for co-extraction of mycotoxins, and a multifunctional immunoaffinity column was used for cleanup. Optimum conditions for separation of the mycotoxins were obtained to separate 12 mycotoxins in FLD and PDA chromatograms with a high resolution. The method gave recoveries in the range 72-111% when applied to spiked corn samples. The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.025 ng/g for AFB(1) and AFG(1), 0.012 ng/g for AFB(2) and AFG(2), 0.2 ng/g for OTA, 1.5 ng/g for ZEA, 6.2 ng/g for FB(1), FB(3) and HT-2 toxin, 9.4 ng/g for FB(2) and T-2 toxin, and 18.7 ng/g for DON. In addition, the limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.04 ng/g for AFB(2) and AFG(2) to 62 ng/g for DON. The method was successfully applied to the determination of these mycotoxins in 45 cereal samples obtained from the Malaysian market. The results indicated that the method can be applied for the multi-mycotoxin determination of cereals.
Validation of the procedure for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxins ochratoxin A and zearalenone in cereals using HPLC-FLD
Rahmani A, Jinap S, Soleimany F
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 2010 Dec;27(12):1683-93.
Method validation for quantitative analysis of aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone (ZEA) in cereals using HPLC with fluorescence detector (FLD) is described. Mycotoxins were extracted with methanol : water (80 : 20) and purified with a multifunctional AOZ immunoaffinity column before HPLC analysis. The validation of the analytical method was performed to establish the following parameters: specificity, selectivity, linearity, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), accuracy, precision (within- and between-day variability), stability, robustness, measurement of performance, and measurement of uncertainty. Calibration curves were linear (r > 0.999) over the concentration range, from the LOQ to 26, 40 and 400 ng/g for AFs, OTA and ZEA, respectively. LOD and LOQ were 0.0125 and 0.05 ng/g for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and G1 (AFG1), 0.0037 and 0.015 ng/g for aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) and G2 (AFG2), as well as 0.05 and 0.2 ng/g for OTA and 0.5 and 2 ng/g for ZEA, respectively. The mean recovery values were 77-104% for different concentrations of AFs, OTA and ZEA in spiked cereal samples. Both intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were within acceptable limits. This method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of mycotoxins for 60 cereal samples collected from Malaysian markets. Fifty per cent of the cereal samples were contaminated with at least one of these mycotoxins, at a level greater than the LOD. Only one wheat sample and two rice samples were contaminated with levels greater than the European Union regulatory limits for AFs and OTA (4 and 5 ng/g). The means and ranges of mycotoxins obtained for the cereal samples were 0.4 ng/g and 0.01-5.9 ng/g for total AFs; 0.18 ng/g and 0.03-5.3 ng/g for OTA; and 2.8 ng/g and 2.4-73.1 ng/g for ZEA, respectively. The results indicate that the method is suitable for the simultaneous determination of AFs, OTA and ZEA in cereals and is suitable for routine analysis.
Dietary exposure to heterocyclic amines in high-temperature cooked meat and fish in Malaysia
Jahurul MH, Jinap S, Ang SJ, Abdul-Hamid A, Hajeb P, Lioe HN, et al.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 2010 Aug;27(8):1060-71.
The intake of heterocyclic amines is influenced by the amount and type of meat and fish ingested, frequency of consumption, cooking methods, cooking temperature, and duration of cooking. In this study, the dietary intake of heterocyclic amines in Malaysia and their main sources were investigated. Forty-two samples of meat and fish were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector to determine the concentration of the six predominant heterocyclic amines, namely: 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoline(MeIQ), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline (4,8-DiMeIQx), 2-amino-3,7,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline (7,8-DiMeIQx), and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). Dietary intake data were obtained using a food-frequency questionnaire when interviewing 600 Malaysian respondents. The level of total heterocyclic amines in food samples studies ranged from not detected to 38.7 ng g(-1). The average daily intake level of heterocyclic amine was 553.7 ng per capita day(-1). The intake of PhIP was the highest, followed by MeIQx and MeIQ. The results reveal that fried and grilled chicken were the major dietary source of heterocyclic amines in Malaysia. However, the heterocyclic amine intake by the Malaysian population was lower than those reported from other regions.
Monitoring of free glutamic acid in Malaysian processed foods, dishes and condiments
Khairunnisak M, Azizah AH, Jinap S, Nurul Izzah A
A study to quantify the free glutamic acid content of six processed foods, 44 dishes and 26 condiments available in Malaysia was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FRD). Recovery tests were carried out with spiked samples at levels from 6 to 31 mg g(-1). High recovery in different matrices was achieved ranging from 88% +/- 13% to 102% +/- 5.12%, with an average of 97% +/- 8.92%. Results from the study revealed that the average free glutamic acid content ranged from 0.34 +/- 0.20 to 4.63 +/- 0.41 mg g(-1) in processed foods, while in prepared dishes it was as low as 0.24 +/- 0.15 mg g(-1) in roti canai (puffed bread served with curry or dhal) to 8.16 +/- 1.99 mg g(-1) in dim sum (a small casing of dough, usually filled with minced meat, seafood, and vegetables, either steamed or fried). Relatively, the content of free glutamic acid was found to be higher in condiments at 0.28 +/- 0 mg g(-1) in mayonnaise to 170.90 +/- 6.40 mg g(-1) in chicken stock powder.
Optimizing conditions for methylmercury extraction from fish samples for GC analysis using response surface methodology
Hajeb P, Jinap S, Abu Bakar F, Bakar J
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 2009 Jun;26(6):829-38.
Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimum experimental conditions to extract methylmercury from fish samples for GC analysis. The influence of four variables - acid concentration (3-12 M), cysteine concentration (0.5-2% w/v), solvent volume (3-9 ml) and extraction time (10-30 min) - on recovery of methylmercury was evaluated. The detection limit for methylmercury analysis using a microelectron capture detector was 7 ng g(-1) in fish samples. The mean recovery under optimum conditions was 94%. Experimental data were adequately fitted into a second-order polynomial model with multiple regression coefficients (r(2)) of 0.977. The four variables had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the recovery of methylmercury from a reference material (BCR-463). Optimum conditions for methylmercury extraction were found using an acid concentration of 12.2 M, cysteine concentration of 2.4%, solvent volume of 1.5 ml and extraction time of 35 min. The validation of the developed method to analyze methylmercury in fish samples exhibited good agreement with mercury content in the samples.
Effects of washing pre-treatment on mercury concentration in fish tissue
Hajeb P, Jinap S
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 2009 Oct;26(10):1354-61.
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of washing pre-treatment on mercury concentration in fish fillet. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the influence of three variables, pH (1-6.5), NaCl (0-1% w/v) and exposure time (5-30 min) by using a three-factor central composite design. The aim was to obtain the best possible combination of these variables in order to reduce mercury in fish fillet. The experimental data were adequately fitted into a second-order polynomial model with multiple regression coefficients (R(2)) of 0.961. The results indicated that the reduction of mercury in fish flesh significantly depends on the pH of the solution used. The overall optimal condition resulting in the maximum mercury reduction in fish fillet was obtained at a combined level pH of 2.79, NaCl of 0.5% and exposure time of 13.5 min. The optimized protocol produced a solution that can reduce mercury from raw fish fillet up to 81%.
Culture and molecular identification of fungal contaminants in edible bird nests
Chen JX, Wong SF, Lim PK, Mak JW
Widespread food poisoning due to microbial contamination has been a major concern for the food industry, consumers and governing authorities. This study is designed to determine the levels of fungal contamination in edible bird nests (EBNs) using culture and molecular techniques. Raw EBNs were collected from five house farms, and commercial EBNs were purchased from five Chinese traditional medicine shops (companies A-E) in Peninsular Malaysia. The fungal contents in the raw and commercial EBNs, and boiled and unboiled EBNs were determined. Culturable fungi were isolated and identified. In this study, the use of these methods revealed that all EBNs had fungal colony-forming units (CFUs) that exceeded the limit set by Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM) for yeast and moulds in EBNs. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the number of types of fungi isolated from raw and commercial EBNs, but no significant difference in the reduction of the number of types of fungi after boiling the EBNs (p > 0.05). The types of fungi isolated from the unboiled raw EBNs were mainly soil, plant and environmental fungi, while the types of fungi isolated from the boiled raw EBNs, unboiled and boiled commercial EBNs were mainly environmental fungi. Aspergillus sp., Candida sp., Cladosporium sp., Neurospora sp. and Penicillum sp. were the most common fungi isolated from the unboiled and boiled raw and commercial EBNs. Some of these fungi are mycotoxin producers and cause opportunistic infections in humans. Further studies to determine the mycotoxin levels and methods to prevent or remove these contaminations from EBNs for safe consumption are necessary. The establishment and implementation of stringent regulations for the standards of EBNs should be regularly updated and monitored to improve the quality of the EBNs and consumer safety.
Assessment of the migration potential of nanosilver from nanoparticle-coated low-density polyethylene food packaging into food simulants
Hannon JC, Kerry JP, Cruz-Romero M, Azlin-Hasim S, Morris M, Cummins E
An experimental nanosilver-coated low-density polyethylene (LDPE) food packaging was incubated with food simulants using a conventional oven and tested for migration according to European Commission Regulation No. 10/2011. The commercial LDPE films were coated using a layer-by-layer (LbL) technique and three levels of silver (Ag) precursor concentration (0.5%, 2% and 5% silver nitrate (AgNO3), respectively) were used to attach antimicrobial Ag. The experimental migration study conditions (time, temperature and food simulant) under conventional oven heating (10 days at 60°C, 2 h at 70°C, 2 h at 60°C or 10 days at 70°C) were chosen to simulate the worst-case storage period of over 6 months. In addition, migration was quantified under microwave heating. The total Ag migrant levels in the food simulants were quantified by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Mean migration levels obtained by ICP-AES for oven heating were in the range 0.01-1.75 mg l(-1). Migration observed for microwave heating was found to be significantly higher when compared with oven heating for similar temperatures (100°C) and identical exposure times (2 min). In each of the packaging materials and food simulants tested, the presence of nanoparticles (NPs) was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On inspection of the migration observed under conventional oven heating, an important finding was the significant reduction in migration resulting from the increased Ag precursor concentration used to attach Ag on the LDPE LbL-coated films. This observation merits further investigation into the LbL coating process used, as it suggests potential for process modifications to reduce migration. In turn, any reduction in NP migration below regulatory limits could greatly support the antimicrobial silver nanoparticle (AgNP)-LDPE LbL-coated films being used as a food packaging material.
TaqMan probe real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the quantification of canine DNA in chicken nugget
Rahman MM, Hamid SB, Basirun WJ, Bhassu S, Rashid NR, Mustafa S, et al.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 2016;33(1):10-8.
This paper describes a short-amplicon-based TaqMan probe quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for the quantitative detection of canine meat in chicken nuggets, which are very popular across the world, including Malaysia. The assay targeted a 100-bp fragment of canine cytb gene using a canine-specific primer and TaqMan probe. Specificity against 10 different animals and plants species demonstrated threshold cycles (Ct) of 16.13 ± 0.12 to 16.25 ± 0.23 for canine DNA and negative results for the others in a 40-cycle reaction. The assay was tested for the quantification of up to 0.01% canine meat in deliberately spiked chicken nuggets with 99.7% PCR efficiency and 0.995 correlation coefficient. The analysis of the actual and qPCR predicted values showed a high recovery rate (from 87% ± 28% to 112% ± 19%) with a linear regression close to unity (R(2) = 0.999). Finally, samples of three halal-branded commercial chicken nuggets collected from different Malaysian outlets were screened for canine meat, but no contamination was demonstrated.
A lab-on-a-chip-based multiplex platform to detect potential fraud of introducing pig, dog, cat, rat and monkey meat into the food chain
Razzak MA, Hamid SB, Ali ME
Food forgery has posed considerable risk to public health, religious rituals, personal budget and wildlife. Pig, dog, cat, rat and monkey meat are restricted in most religions, but their sporadic adulteration are rampant. Market controllers need a low-cost but reliable technique to track and trace suspected species in the food chain. Considering the need, here we documented a lab-on-a-chip-based multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the authentication of five non-halal meat species in foods. Using species-specific primers, 172, 163, 141, 129 and 108-bp sites of mitochondrial ND5, ATPase 6 and cytochrome b genes were amplified to detect cat, dog, pig, monkey and rat species under complex matrices. Species-specificity was authenticated against 20 different species with the potential to be used in food. The targets were stable under extreme sterilisation (121°C at 45 psi for 2.5 h) which severely degrades DNA. The assay was optimised under the backgrounds of various commercial meat products and validated for the analysis of meatballs, burgers and frankfurters, which are popular fast food items across the globe. The assay was tested to detect 0.1% suspected meats under commercial backgrounds of marketed foods. Instead of simplex PCR which detects only one species at a time, such a multiplex platform can reduce cost by at least fivefolds by detecting five different species in a single assay platform.
A suitable method to detect potential fraud of bringing Malayan box turtle (Cuora amboinensis) meat into the food chain
Ali ME, Asing, Hamid SB, Razzak MA, Rashid NR, Al Amin M, et al.
Malayan box turtle (Cuora amboinensis) has been a wildlife-protected vulnerable turtle species in Malaysia since 2005. However, because of its purported usage in traditional medicine, tonic foods and feeds, clandestine black market trade is rampant. Several polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the taxonomic detection and classification of turtle species have been proposed. These assays are based on long-length target amplicons which are assumed to break down under compromised states and, hence, might not be suitable for the forensic tracing and tracking of turtle trafficking. For the first time this paper develops a very short-amplicon-length PCR assay (120 bp) for the detection of Malayan box turtle meat in raw, processed and mixed matrices, and experimental evidence is produced that such an assay is not only more stable and reliable but also more sensitive than those previously published. We checked the assay specificity against 20 different species and no cross-species detection was observed. The possibility of any false-negative detection was eliminated by a universal endogenous control for eukaryotes. The assay detection limit was 0.0001 ng of box turtle DNA from pure meat and 0.01% turtle meat in binary and ternary admixtures and commercial meatballs. Superior target stability and sensitivity under extreme treatments of boiling, autoclaving and microwave cooking suggested that this newly developed assay would be suitable for any forensic and/or archaeological identification of Malayan box turtle species, even in severely degraded specimens. Further, in silico studies indicated that the assay has the potential to be used as a universal probe for the detection of nine Cuora species, all of which are critically endangered.
food contamination/analysis
ochratoxins/analysis
aflatoxins/analysis
meat/analysis
mycotoxins/chemistry
ochratoxins
food analysis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Organic is Kapitza's second book project featuring 200 dazzling, previously unpublished artworks, created through a unique process and using their brand new collection of custom designed pattern fonts. Kapitza, the authors of the highly acclaimed book Geometric, continue their exploration of experimental pattern design with this new book. At the cutting edge of contemporary pattern design, Organic is an invaluable addition to every designer's library. It provides a fantastic source of inspiration for creatives working in the fields of illustration, graphic design, animation, fashion and textiles, interiors and digital design. Organic has been nominated for the Designs Of The Year Award 2013 by the prestigious Design Museum in London.


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Hong Kong regulators step up enforcement on personal data protection
Global | Publication | May 2016
Over the past month, Hong Kong Courts and the Securities and Futures Commission ("SFC") have taken action under the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance ("PDPO") against an insurance agent, a marketing company and a licensed individual for improper handling of personal data, resulting in a Community Service Order, a fine, and an SFC disciplinary action. These cases demonstrate increased citizen awareness of privacy rights, industry focus on the PDPO, and foreshadow further enforcement activity.
Insurance agent case
An insurance agent, knowing that an insurance company had suspended services provided to an individual, sent a letter to the individual that promoted the services of another insurance company. That individual filed a complaint with the Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data ("PCPD"), claiming that the insurance agent had used personal data for direct marketing purposes in contravention of the PDPO. The PCPD referred the complaint to the police for criminal investigation.
The insurance agent was charged and convicted of two offences under the PDPO: using personal data in direct marketing without taking actions required by law and obtaining consent (contrary to section 35C of the PDPO), and failing to inform the individual of his right to opt-out of direct marketing without charge (contrary to section 35F of the PDPO).
The Court imposed a Community Service Order of 80 hours on the insurance agent.
Marketing company case
After an individual had made an opt-out request, a marketing company, used by a hotel to promote its membership and services, continued to call the individual. The individual complained to the PCPD, which referred the complaint to the police for criminal investigation.
The marketing company admitted that it had received the individual's opt-out request, but had failed to distribute an updated opt-out list to its staff in a timely manner, resulting in further marketing calls being made to the individual.
The marketing company was charged and convicted of two offences under the PDPO: using personal data in direct marketing without taking actions required by law and obtaining consent (contrary to section 35C of the PDPO), and continuing to use the individual's personal data in direct marketing after he opted-out (contrary to section 35G of the PDPO).
The marketing company was fined HK$16,000 (approximately US$2,100).
SFC case
A portfolio manager at a Hong Kong bank, who was registered under the Securities and Futures Ordinance to carry on Type 1 & Type 4 regulated activities, sent information regarding 1,540 customers to his personal email address on his last day of work. After starting a job at another bank, the portfolio manager sent the customers' data to his new work email address. Upon discovery, the new employer deleted the emails with the customers' data and terminated the portfolio manager's employment.
The case was referred to the SFC by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority ("HKMA"). The SFC found that the portfolio manager had breached the Code of Conduct for Persons Licensed by or Registered with the SFC and the PDPO by transferring the customer data for purposes other than that for which the data was collected.
As the activity called into question whether he was fit and proper to be licensed, the SFC has banned the portfolio manager from re-entering the industry for 12 months. No action has been taken against the bank from which the emails were sent.
Our take:
Increased privacy awareness among citizens. The direct marketing cases marked the fifth and sixth direct marketing convictions handed down by the Hong Kong Courts since September 2015. Like the previous four convictions, both cases arose out of a single complaint by a data subject to the PCPD. The growing sensitivity of the public to data protection and the decrease in their tolerance for unwanted marketing indicates a higher risk of complaint and subsequent action. Companies and individuals who wish to use personal data for direct marketing purposes must ensure that their personal data handling practices are compliant with the PDPO.
Industry focus on the PDPO. The PCPD is responsible for compliance with the PDPO. However, in recent years, industry regulators, such as the HKMA and the SFC, have focused more on data protection. Recent examples include the HKMA revising its circular on "Customer Data Protection" in 2014, and the SFC issuing a circular on "Cybersecurity" in March 2016. Data protection is high on the agenda of industry regulators, and they are paying more attention as to whether their licensees (including both companies and individuals) are handling personal data in accordance with the law.
More to come? All three cases stemmed from complaints and incidents back in 2013 and 2014. With the more hardline approach to data protection taken by the regulators illustrated above, we anticipate there will be more disciplinary actions in the future.
Anna Gamvros
Head of Information governance, privacy and cybersecurity, Asia Pacific
anna.gamvros@nortonrosefulbright.com
Consultation underway on new EPA Guidelines for 'Landfill buffers' & Industry 'Separation distances'
The Environment Protection Authority Victoria (EPA) has released two new draft guidelines, a Separation distance guideline and a Landfill buffer guideline (Draft Guidelines).
Australia | January 23, 2023


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January 10, 2013	General Ag News and Notes, Invasive Species Post a Comment
High drama: Qantas python's flying circus
QANTAS had its own dramatic "snakes on a plane" episode when a three-metre python joined passengers on an early morning flight to Papua New Guinea.
But unlike Samuel L. Jackson's 2006 fictional Hollywood blockbuster in which a nest of vipers causes death and destruction on a jet, this reptile was concerned only with self-preservation.
QF191 was about 20 minutes into its 6.15am flight from Cairns to Port Moresby on Thursday when a woman pointed outside the plane and told cabin crew: "There's a snake on the wing … There's its head and if you look closely you can see a fraction of its body."
While some passengers scoffed in disbelief, she was correct.
Rick Shine, a snake expert at the University of Sydney, said the specimen was a "very uncomfortable" scrub python, the longest snake in Australia.
"There's no way it could be anything else," he said. "They're common in north Queensland. They're ambush predators and if there are rodents anywhere nearby, they'll most likely be in the vicinity. They often find their way into tight ceiling spaces in houses, although I've never heard of one on a plane until now."
One passenger, Robert Weber, a website designer in Cairns, said: "The people at the front were oblivious to what was going on but the passengers at the back were all totally focused on the snake and how it might have got onto the aircraft.
"There was no panic. At no time did anyone stop to consider that there might be others on board."
Mr Weber said initially the snake was tucked away "quite neatly" but then the wind caught the last 30 centimetres of its tail, "pulling him straight out".
He said that from that moment, everyone watched on as the trip became "a life and death struggle for the snake".
"I felt quite sad for it, really. For the remainder of the flight, he was trying to pull himself back into the plane, even though he was fighting against 400km/h winds. The cabin crew told us that at cruising altitude, it was minus 12 degrees outside – but not even that was able to finish him."
Mr Weber, who videoed the ultimately futile struggle, said both pilots took it in turns to visit the rear of the plane and watch as, several times, the snake hauled itself to safety, only to be dragged out again. As it slowly lost its grip, the wind repeatedly whipped it against the side of the plane, spraying blood across the engine.
"At that point, the pilot turned to us and said: 'He should be dead'. Yet even on descent, the snake was fighting to find safety. "Until we landed, I looked out the window and the thing was still moving."
The president of the Australian Licensed Aircraft Engineers Association, Paul Cousins, said: "It appears as though the snake has initially crawled up inside the landing bay, maybe housed himself in there, and then crawled into the trailing ledge flap assembly."
The snake would have been comfortable there but after the plane took off and the flaps moved back, it was probably shaken by the noise and vibration. Once it moved, it was caught in the wind. Mr Cousins said it would not have been possible for the snake to reach the cabin from its original location.
A Qantas spokeswoman said: "We have never heard of this happening before."
rodentssnake
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Usable Tips to Correcting Electrical Problems in Irrigation Systems — SiteOne Landscape School


HelpAge has been working with affiliates and partners in Bangladesh since 1991. We set up our Bangladesh country office in 2009 to support older people and their families.
We work in several different areas including emergency responses, disaster risk reduction, older citizen's monitoring, improving older people's access to their rights and entitlements, empowering older people's associations to campaign and influencing social pensions policy.
Bangladesh Association for the Aged and Institute of Geriatric Medicine.
Bangladesh Association for the Aged and Institute of Geriatric Medicine (BAAIGM), popularly known as Probhin Hitoishi Sangha, is a voluntary, non-profit NGO established in 1960. It is the oldest and largest NGO working in Bangladesh to help and improve life for older people throughout the country, focusing specifically on maintaining physical and mental health.
BAAIGM studies the health and socio-economic circumstances of older people, and communicates this to communities and policy makers. It organises courses and training on ageing, and builds older people's skills to help them generate income and find employment.
BAAIGM became a HelpAge global network member in 2017.
Bangladesh Women's Health Coalition (BWHC), a national non-governmental organisation, was established in 1980 with a vision of a just society where women are equal. They pioneered a health service scheme, through which mothers can access a wide range of health services.
BWHC runs three major programmes and five pilots through its 40 reproductive health centres. Each centre provides both clinical services and community-based activities.
Their mission is to provide communities with a wide range of information and services that support women's development activities. Their programmes focus on sexually transmitted diseases, HIV and AIDS, counselling, community-based awareness raising to change attitudes and family education.
Joined HelpAge global network in 2010, BWHC works with HelpAge International to challenge thinking and encourage action by people and institutions that can secure rights and health for older women and girls.
The Resource Integration Centre (RIC) is a NGO founded in 1981 by a group of social activists with a mission to support national development. RIC operates in rural areas to support older people's rights, economic independence and access to care and services.
RIC's objectives are to empower older people by building up institutions, supporting women's development through awareness-raising and responding to emergencies. They also provide services such education to under-privileged people, income generation activities through micro-credit schemes and disaster management programmes.
In partnership with HelpAge International, RIC runs an older citizens monitoring project in which groups of older people monitor the implementation of the Old Age Allowance scheme. Finally, RIC also participates in the HelpAge network Age Demands Action campaign.
RIC has been working with HelpAge International since 1998 and became HelpAge global network member in 2004.
Dhaka Ahsania Mission (DAM) was founded in 1958 and works to enhance people's capacities to maximally utilize their inner potentials. Their main purpose is to improve living conditions for vulnerable people in all ages.
They work with a multifaceted thematic focus and diverse programmes including education, health, livelihood, human rights & social justice, disaster risk reduction and climate changes.
DAM is member of the Social Protection Working Group in Bangladesh and is therefore very well placed to take forward ageing issues in the country that like many is facing a massive increase in the 60+ group over the next 40 years.
The mission is running community-based centres in 35 districts of Bangladesh and is supporting the HelpAge global network's reach into even the smallest communities of rural Bangladesh. They are currently building their capacity to focus more on health and care, intergenerational work and other types of community-based work with and for older people.
DAM receives funding from both the Government and the public and has a well-developed capacity to do institutional fundraising and generating resources through running social enterprises.
Dhaka Ahsania Mission became HelpAge global network member in October 2012.


Right in the middle of the 90s-Revival Buffalo London releases its famous sneaker with the unique platform sole. Get ready for the chunky silhouette: the former Spice Girls' favourites are finally available online. Scopri la nostra selezione!


Several months ago, my husband bought a huge bag of pinto beans (25 lbs!). Since I rarely cook with pinto beans, I have been stymied. But, we like Mexican food, so my big idea has been to make refried beans. Unfortunately, that has failed on multiple occasions.
Mainly, my failure has been due to not realizing how long the beans need to soak/cook. The first time I tried, I attempted to quick soak them in warm water, but they didn't get soft enough to mash in time for dinner.
The next time I soaked my beans overnight, but didn't leave them time enough to cook and get soft, so they were firm pinto beans. Still not what I was looking for.
This time I was committed. I soaked 1 lb. of pinto beans overnight. In the morning I drained and rinsed the beans, then put them in the crock pot with enough liquids* to cover the beans, adding water to fill the crock pot to within 3/4″ of the top edge.
*The liquids included the contents of several nearly empty condiment jars in the refrigerator that my husband won't let me throw out because he might want to use the juice someday – this included pickled garlic jalapenos and the juice they were packed in and pickled cactus bits, plus enough chicken stock to cover the beans.
I didn't turn the crock pot on until lunch time, on low. When I got home the beans were still too firm to mash, so I left them simmering on low overnight. By 8:30 am (we are into the third day now) the beans were finally soft. But I had too much liquid in the crock pot. I removed the lid and turned the crock pot up to high to reduce the liquid. After another 4-6 hours the liquids had reduced and I was able to mash the pinto beans. The bits of jalapeno, garlic and cactus from the condiment jars, added extra flavor and color.
I did not expect this to take nearly 48 hours to complete, but at least most of this was passive, I didn't have to watch it closely, and I FINALLY got my refried beans. Only 22 more lbs to go…….
This entry was posted in Recipes and tagged crock pot, mexican, pickled cactus, pickled jalapenos, pinto beans, refried beans. Bookmark the permalink.
You are more brave than I am. I was stumped by a 5 lb bag of pinto beans, and it ended up being a non-starter for me. I took it to the food bank.
CSA Mom ~ I asked my Mexican friend at work about the pinto beans and she says she does not soak her beans. She said she cooks them for about 2 hours. Don't give up on 'em! LOL!!


I've been busy this morning trying to get some cleaning done. Those darn daddy longlegs seem to make webs faster than I can sweep them away. I even went out and did the ones they made under the porch roof. I dug out my fall decor and put some scrawcrows and gourds and pumpkins around. dr bought me a couple of large scarecrows that I'm going to put outside. I just need to figure out where. I have two already out there. I have two ghoulie things too. I hung up my harvest wreath's and some bears dress for Halloween and fall. I want to go to the Dollar Store and get some fall leaves. My sister has some fall wreaths that she made and they look really nice. I don't think I'm as talented but I'll give it a try. I've been working on that quilt but not as much as I should and it's only half done. I had thought to get some more done today, but dr wants to cut wood this afternoon. Our woodshed is not quite empty but near enough. We have a shed full of four foot logs and a pile of four foot logs. We need to move the pile of logs anyway so now is a good time to cut them. I made coffeecake for breakfast this morning because it wasn't very warm in the house when we got up. It was really windy Friday and Saturday so it dropped the temps some. It's supposed to be sunny and in the 80's this week so maybe it will feel warmer again for awhile. I still need to get out and finish cleaning up the yard.
We went to get the headlights on the truck changed on Friday. They were mismatched in the factory. But, the parts weren't there. They couldn't figure out what to order and needed to look at the truck. They said the parts should be in by Tuesday so it means another 45 minute trip to get them changed. dr has been polishing the truck with some wax that has uv protection in it. Sometime this week we are going to look into a sprayed in bed liner. So many things to do. For retired folks we sure keep busy. Of course, I work 20 hrs a week but that's in the evenings so don't you think we could get things done in the daytime. I have lots of books and magazines now to get through too. Dan was having a booksale at his library. One cent for paperbacks and magazines and hardback books 5/$1.00. How can you pass up that? You wouldn't know that I work in a library. I have to scan and print some recipes from some cookbooks that I have checked out so I can take them back this week. I checked out another one yesterday and haven't opened my library bag yet.
Oh, well! Chance is in the "doghouse". She dug under and inside fence to get at a cat. But, dr is afraid that she will now learn to dig under an outside fence. He isn't sure how to fix that problem. So, she's confined to the big yard that has double fences and the little yard that is armor plated. She isn't happy. She got stuck in some brush when she got into the lower yard and dr had to rescue her so when he carried her to the house he holler at her and she wouldn't look at him or speak to him all evening. Except of course when we were eating chicken for dinner and she came and sat by him to beg for a bite. After dinner she insisted on sitting on my lap while I was trying to look at some of the magazines that I had bought. Silly dog!
Oh I'm so sorry Chance got into trouble .Maybe she is trying to get more attention (like she needs more) the little stinker.
Our daddy long legs hasn't show up yet but I'm sure it wont be long.
You sound like you are really busy today.
I'm headed to work .Have a good day.
If it was his glass of tea, shouldn't he be allowed to crawl up the straw if he likes?
Oh poor Chance! Animals can be just like children at times. In fact I don't think mine know they are dogs! hehe ;) I hope DR gets the fence problem solved!


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This week was a perfect week to learn about the Polar Regions of our world. Along with the snow, a penguin came to visit! He was lost and we had to help him find the way back home to Antarctica.
Everyone was busy making him food, a bed, an igloo to sleep in, a map and a boat to find his way back home.
We have also been looking at how things change with temperature. We put water outside and it turned to ice!
We celebrated the end of a very chilly week by heating chocolate and watching it melt. Then we made yummy chocolate snowballs. I hope you enjoyed them!
A lost penguin. What could we do to help him?
We made a map to guide him home.
We made sure we all had 5 squares of chocolate each.
We watched the chocolate melt and turn to liquid. It looked very yummy!
We added cornflakes and all gave it a mix. We listened for the crunchy sound!
We put our chocolate snowballs outside to make them hard.
We explored what would happen if we mixed snow and paint.
What busy learners you have been! Next week we will be talking about our families.
Can you bring in a picture of people that are special to you?


I just finished watching Martin Casado and Steve Mullaney talk about network virtualization on nicira.com and if you dont know what I am talking about, you should head over there and have a look.
Network virtualization is really cool and it works very well (trust me, I made sure of it). Coming from a hardware oriented background when it comes to networks, it was mind blowing to see the sort of things Nicira's technology allowed me to do with the click of a button or a simple script.
Also, the new webpage looks fancy so that alone is worth a visit.
This entry was posted in Cool, Networking by lundstrj. Bookmark the permalink.


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Last edited by Bralkree
4 edition of Built to last found in the catalog.
Collins, James C.
successful habits of visionary companies
by Collins, James C.
Published 1994 by Century in Syney, London .
Statement James C. Collins, Jerry I. Porras.
Contributions Porras, Jerry I.
Pagination 322p. ;
Summary: Built to Last (Successful habit of visionary companies) Ashish on September 9, The book compares a set of 17 companies which are considered visionary with . Background. Jim Collins' Built to Last is a book about the successful habits of visionary companies. It is grounded in solid research conducted by the author to figure out what makes companies such as Johnson & Johnson, Walmart, Marriot, Disney, and Hewlett Packard last for decades.
Built to Last by Janice Kay Johnson and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at bii-va.com Built to Last is meant for every level of every organization, from CEOs to regular employees, and from Fortune companies to start-ups and charitable foundations. The timeless advice uncovered in this book will help readers discover the importance of adhering to a core ideology while relentlessly stimulating progress.
This new book was inspired by three of David Macaulay's classic, award-winning books. Revealing the 'how and why' behind some of the most fascinating structures humankind has ever created, Macaulay has revised texts based on new research, created gorgeous new drawings, in some cases wholly re-imagined scenes from the books-including bringing Castle and Cathedral to life in full-color for the 4/4(1). A Marriage Built to Last Book & DVD Combo-Book - Pages DVD - 12 Lessons on 6 DVD's Many marriages today are under severe strain. And if we're honest with ourselves, most of us can easily identify with this fact. However, is this the kind of relat.
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Built to last by Collins, James C. Download PDF EPUB FB2
Apr 27, · Built to Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies (Good to Great) [Jim Collins, Jerry I Porras] on bii-va.com *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Drawing upon a six-year research project at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business, James C.
Collins and Jerry I. Porras took eighteen truly exceptional and long-lasting companies and studied each in direct comparison to one of Cited by: Built to Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies is a book written by Jim Collins and Jerry I. Porras. It outlines the results of a six-year research project exploring what Author: Jim Collins and Jerry I.
Porras. In Built to Last, Jim Collins examines a selection of 'Visionary Companies'.He compares these to other companies and identifies what it takes to run a visionary company. Collins book is well researched, he debunks myths and examines key ideologies.
Sep 16, · Built to Last is a very well researched and a convincing book that has definitely opened my mind to new ideas and thoughts about companies. Every chapter of the book is important. The authors have evidently shown visionary and comparison companies to show how the same idea may not still work if you don't have certain characteristics.4/5.
Aug 30, · Filled with hundreds of specific examples and organized into a coherent framework of practical concepts that can be applied by managers and entrepreneurs at all levels, Built to Last provides a master blueprint for building organizations that will prosper long into.
Dec 29, · Built To Last Review. I had no idea that Built To Last was so popular and such a classic. An incredible effort went into this book and you can see it in the countless examples, many of which made it into the summary on Blinkist, which I think is great.
Sep 30, · Built to Last [David Macaulay] on bii-va.com *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. This new book—inspired by three classic, award-winning books—reveals the how and why behind some of the most fascinating and enduring structures humankind has ever created.
Macaulay has revised texts based on new research/5(33). Built to Last Quotes Showing of 22 "The test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposed ideas in the mind at the same time, and still retain the ability to function." ― Jim Collins, Built to Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies.
Jun 24, · What is more of a challenge for the book is the mind frame in which it was written. Authors' are not able to fully escape the main debates of their time (and they probably should not).
For 'Built to Last' that means substantial space being devoted to /5(28). It's been a decade since Jim Collins and Jerry Porras wrote Built to Last, a book that took the management world by bii-va.com some of its companies haven't held up as well as its sales.
for Built to Last to our publisher. Like all authors, we had hopes and dreams for the book, but never dared allow these hopes to become predictions. We knew that for every successful book, ten or twenty equally good (or better) works languish in obscurity.
Two years later, as we write this introduction to the paperback edition, we. Jun 26, · Built to Last is the final book in Julie Ann Walker's Black Knights Inc. Series. I have read several of these books but not all of them. Consequently, they can be read as standalones.
She always gives enough backstory throughout the book so you don't feel like you missed that much. Built to Last focuses on the most mysterious and lethal /5(46). Download Built to Last Summary in pdf infographic, text and audio formats.
Or preview the book summary via our blog. Discover what it takes to build a leading brand or business that lasts for generations. More details below. Download Built to Last Summary in pdf infographic, text and audio formats. BUILT TO LAST Coauthored with Jerry Porras and based on their research project at the Stanford Graduate School of Business, this book investigates the question, Why are some companies able to become and remain visionary through multiple generations of leaders, across decades, and.
Built To Last Book Black Knights Inc. WELCOME TO BLACK KNIGHTS INC. What appears to be a tricked-out motorcycle shop on the North Side of Chicago is actually headquarters for the world's most elite covert operatives.
Jul 07, · Built to Last PDF is a book written by Jim Collins and Jerry Porras. The book was published under the house of Harper Business in This plus pages book is based on the subjects of corporate strategy.
Mar 03, · Built To Last. To study the biggest and best companies in the United States, Jim Collins interviewed hundreds of market executives. From this research, he selected the 18 most cited and called them visionary companies.
Aug 30, · Having invested more than a quarter-century in rigorous research, he has authored or coauthored six books that have sold in total more than 10 million copies worldwide.
They include Good to Great, Built to Last, How the Mighty Fall, and Great by Choice.4/5(8). The book Built to Last by Jim Collins remains one of the most legendary books on the analysis of business growth.
Below are some great quotes from the book. Enjoy. "The test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposed ideas in the mind at the same time, and still retain the [ ].
Nov 16, · The Watchers: The Angels Who Betrayed God [Book of Enoch] (Angels & Demons Explained) - Duration: The Legends of Historyviews. Filled with hundreds of specific examples and organized into a coherent framework of practical concepts that can be applied by managers and entrepreneurs at all levels,Built to Last provides a master blueprint for building organizations that will prosper long into the 21st century and beyond.Built to Last is a odcast focused on highlighting the amazing entrepreneurs building awesome startups outside of silicon valley.Inspired by my love for Collins' work, I decided to pick up another classic from the same author, a book called Built to Last.
Built to Last is a rigorous analysis of "visionary companies Author: Afford Anything.
bii-va.com - Built to last book © 2020


Shanzi Dogs was set up because, being an owner of small breeds myself, I found that there was not a website where I could buy everything I wanted at the same time.
Many times I thought to myself how much easier it would be if I could pop online, visit one website and find all that I needed in one place.
And so, Shanzi dogs was born.
I sell quality items for small breed dogs.
Rolled leather collars and leads.
First aid and grooming items.
My own brand of natural products for pets, people and to use around the home.
The name of the website came from my gorgeous toy poodle girls, Tanzi and Shayna.
If you are looking for something in particular or have any suggestions, please let me know as I am more than happy to hear what you would like to be able to buy and I will do my very best to get hold of it for you.
I am also Dorwest Trained which means that if you need any help or advice with any of the Dorwest Herbs products, I will be able to give you the advice you need.
Also, if you have a general health query or problem (dogs or cats), I should be able to let you know if there is a product that you can give.
Photo of my Dorwest certificate below.
Please also take a look at the Shanzi Naturals range.