text:
package com.evolveum.midpoint.repo.sql.data.common.enums;

import com.evolveum.midpoint.repo.sql.query.definition.JaxbType;
import com.evolveum.midpoint.xml.ns._public.common.common_3.TaskExecutionStatusType;

/**
 * @author lazyman
 */
@JaxbType(type = TaskExecutionStatusType.class)
public enum RTaskExecutionStatus implements SchemaEnum<TaskExecutionStatusType> {

    RUNNABLE(TaskExecutionStatusType.RUNNABLE),
    WAITING(TaskExecutionStatusType.WAITING),
    SUSPENDED(TaskExecutionStatusType.SUSPENDED),
    CLOSED(TaskExecutionStatusType.CLOSED);

    private TaskExecutionStatusType status;

    private RTaskExecutionStatus(TaskExecutionStatusType status) {
        this.status = status;
    }

    @Override
    public TaskExecutionStatusType getSchemaValue() {
        return status;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Prince Lionheart Alphabet Play Mat has been designed to last through the development stages of childhood. During early infancy, the soft, cushiony design helps baby to enjoy comfortable tummy time. As they advance to toddler years, learning is encouraged through illustrations designed to entertain, engage and educate. The Prince Lionheart Alphabet Play Mat is patterned with hidden characters for children to search for, creatures they can enjoy and learn to count, letters to begin language familiarity and more. For easy use and maintenance, this Baby Play Mat is reversible, water resistant and nontoxic. The Child Play Mat is made from an outer layer of low-density polyethylene and a second, softer layer of EPE foam for comfort. For additional durability and stability, the middle layer includes PET aluminum with low-density polyethylene. The Prince Lionheart Alphabet Play Mat measures 51″L x 71″W x 5″H and comes with a carry bag for easy transport and storage.
10 blocks. 10 colourful blocks are easy to grasp, hold & store inside bucket. Shape-sorting lid & 5 different shapes help build early identification skills. Carry handle for take-along fun! Conforms to ASTM F963. CE listed. Made in China.
The fun-to-maneuver VTech Sit-to-Stand Learning Walker in the Pink style encourages your child to learn to walk at his or her own speed with a removable play panel that can be used for playing on the floor or on the run. Spinning gears, three colorful rollers, three light-up shape sorters, three light-up buttons and a telephone handset help promote the development of motor skills, while the five piano keys on the play panel inspire musical creativity. This walker features over 70 fun sing-along songs, music, sound effects and phrases to engage your little one. Some images may depict an alternate color. Actual product is pink.
Open a page to learning with the VTech Rhyme and Discover Book, which features three light-up character buttons on the tabs of the pages and combines rhythm and rhyme with seven nursery favorites. Your baby will delight in the fun melodies, magical moving play and open-ended questions that encourage thinking and learning. The learning toy includes a music note button, along with an on/off switch. Batteries required.
Learning is fun with the Fisher-Price Laugh & Learn Smart Screen Laptop. Your little one receives exciting responses whenever she or he opens or closes the laptop, rolls the mouse or presses on the inviting and colorful buttons. With three modes of play, this learning toy features over 25 sing-along songs, happy tunes, sounds and rewarding phrases with corresponding imagery on the LED screen. It teaches letters A – Z, numbers, counting, shapes, colors, opposites, objects and more in both English and Spanish. There's a power/volume knob for quiet play and an easy-carry handle for simple transport.
Play 4 action-packed arcade-style games with the LeapFrog Explorer Learning Game: Mini Games Greatest Hits. Teaches addition, subtraction, problem solving and dental hygiene. Includes Sugar Bugs 2, Monkey Soccer, Jewel Train 2 and Number Bash. Appropriate for children ages 4 to 7 years (grades pre-K to 1). Works with LeapPad learning tablets and Leapster Explorer game systems (sold Separately). Does not work with Leapster or Leapster 2 game systems.


Do you have a child at home who would rather watch the Food Network than Nick Jr? Do they love cooking with you? Do they pretend to run a restaurant and come up with weekly menu specials?
If so, we want to hear about it. Starting in January 2011, we are launching a new program called Top Chef. Every month a new Top Chef will be unveiled. You'll learn about their favorite foods, favorite tools in the kitchen, and why they deserved the title of Top Chef.
Check back in next month for the unveiling of our first Top Chef. We'll be out there at our cooking parties and workshops, at restaurants, supermarkets, cooking supply shops, and reading your submissions to crown these Top Chefs month after month.
Let us hear from you so your li'l chef can become our Top Chef of the Month!


The Kingisepp municipal district is situated on the Southwest of the Leningrad region. The geographical location of the district is quite unique: it has the land and sea border with foreign states, some of which are the former Soviet republics, thus being literally one of the "windows" to Europe.
Almost 50% of the total length of the district border is a frontier zone, one-tenth – the border with Estonia, the rest of it – the gate to the Baltic, to Scandinavian and European countries.
Kingisepp municipal district area is 290.8 thousand hectares. The municipal educational system includes the territories of towns Kingisepp and Ivangorod and 9 country settlements.
Kingisepp district also has a number of relatively large islands: Gogland, MoschnySeskar, etc. The lower regions of two navigable rivers: Narova and Luga lay within the district's borders. The length of the coastline of the gulf of Finland is 125.8 kilometers: Narvsky gulf, Luzhskaya bay, Koporskaya bay. Luzhskaya bay is navigable for sea fleet and practically does not freeze at wintertime. These unique natural features allow for the exploitation of the port components virtually year around, with very short period of icebreaking ships' passage.
The district is also crossed by series of railways and highways, including those uniting the nations' second largest city – St. Petersburg with Estonian capital, Tallinn. The distance between Kingisepp and St. Petersburg by rail is 138 km, on highway by car – 110 kilometers. Ivangorod is located in 150 km from St. Petersburg and at frontier with Estonia Republic.
The districts' industrial orientation is quite wide, having based on own natural resources and thus has an excellent economic potential.
The district's geographical situation favors its development – the municipal prospective are related largely to the construction of new seaport powers, and the development of port surrounding areas. The important advantage is also in the wide investment opportunities in all spheres of industry.
The territories adjacent to the gulf of Finland, and Narva and Luga rivers as well as the islands in the gulf of Finland are characterized by a diverse relief with the predominance of pine forests. The use of sand beaches of Kurgalsky peninsula and along the coast allows to compensate for the lost spa and resort zones in the Baltic states.
The island of the Finish Gulf represent the potential interest for the development of the international yacht tourism and sport. Especial state has Gogland which is the biggest and most interesting island in an east part of the Gulf. It has unique nature and nice conditions for an yacht cover when crossing from one place to another.
The district includes eleven lakes, among the largest ones are Kopanskoe, Lipovskoe, Beloye, Glubokoe, Babinskoe, Habolovskoe.
For the preservation of the vegetation environments, as well as the river-lake network with their rare flora and fauna, there has been created a national reserve Kotelsky, the habitat to moose, fox, badger, wild boar, and marten.
The district territory also includes the water and bog lands of international significance, the Kurgalsky peninsula. Here, over 200 types of birds reside; ate least 7 are rare species included into Russian national Red Book. The peninsula is a home to 96 species of flora, 38 species of mammals, including such low number types as a bear, beaver, flying squirrel, otter, gray seal, and ringed seal.
The Northwest part of the peninsula also features one more national reserve of the regional significance, "Dubravy u derevni Velkota".
The district features quite rich population of various fish: Baltic salmon, kumzha, rainbow trout, pikeperch, bream, burbot, lamprey, eel etc. The presence of large water resources gives good opportunities for the seasonal waterfowl hunting. The district territory has several hunting camps, equipped for tourists.
The Kingisepp municipal district is an area with 600-year-old history. The rich historical and cultural heritage of Kingisepp and Ivangorod lands is represented by a large number of architectural monuments; while those perished during the years of civil and the second world war are commemorated in memorial complexes in city and the district.
Ivangorod fortress has special place amongst architectural monuments of the district. It is a unique monument of the military-defensive architecture of Russian of the XV-XVII centuries. There is no complex similar one in Russia.


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Research was carried out in the years 2002–2003 into food, flavouring and feed folk traditions of plants in the Tyrrhenian part of the Basilicata region (southern Italy). This area was colonized in ancient times by Greeks. Data was collected through field interviews, especially of farmers.
Field data were collected through structured interviews. The informants, numbered 49, belonged to families which had strong links with the traditional activities of the area.
61 taxa are cited, belonging to 26 botanical families, amongst which 44 used as food or flavouring and 22 for animal alimentation. Besides 7 taxa are involved in rituals especially connected with agriculture and plant growth.
The preservation of some rituals especially concerning agricultural plants is noteworthy in the area, together with a certain degree of continuity in food uses. Knowledge and rediscovery of recipes in human and animal diet could represent an economic potential for the area.
The aim of this paper is to contribute to our knowledge of the food, flavouring and feed use, both past and present, of plants found throughout the Tyrrhenian part of Basilicata, an area never before fully investigated from this aspect. Some investigation was carried out in Basilicata region, concerning food and flavouring plants, while no research was made on fodder plants. Few data were reported for the Tyrrhenian coast in a book by Caneva et al. ; other papers, by Pieroni et al. [2–5], studied some communities of Arbëreshë in internal areas of the region.
The research area is located in Potenza province, between the regions of Campania to the north and of Calabria to the south, including roughly 28 km of coastline. This territory (latitude 40°N, longitude 15°45'E) occupies an area of 105,03 km2, facing the Gulf of Policastro; it is rich in promontories rising straight from the sea and imposing mountains (max. 1505 m). The research was carried out in the territory of Maratea with some small scattered centres stretching from the coast to the slopes of Mt. S.Biagio (Massa, Brefaro, S. Caterina, Fiumicello) and in the area of Trécchina, in the interior (Fig. 1). The territory is covered above all with a Mediterranean maquis, a vegetation of sunny rocks and mixed woods. Old specimens of Olea europaea, Ceratonia siliqua, Pistacia terebinthus, Quercus ilex and Quercus virgiliana are found . The climate is coastal Mediterranean with mild temperatures throughout the year (average yearly temperature = 14–16°C) and with a dry summer period. Rainfall is abundant (about 1200 mm per year).
Map of the research area.
Total population of the studied area is 7600 inhabitants (Maratea 5000 inhabitants; Trecchina 2600). Agricultural works (production of wine, olive oil and vegetables) and pastoral activities continue, also if a good part of the economy is characterized by tourism. The Greeks were probably the first to colonise the area and to found the small town of Maratea in the VIII century B.C.
Field data were collected during the periods April – July 2002 and March 2003 through structured interviews. The informants interviewed numbered 49 (26 men, 23 women) whose ages ranged from 25 to 97 and who mainly belonged to families which had strong links with traditional activities of the area. Most of the interviewees (36) were aged over 50, of whom: 5 were between 50 and 59, 12 between 60 and 69, 16 between 70 and 80, and 3 over 90 years old. Among the informants 19 were farmers, the others mainly building workers, restaurateurs, shepherds and housewives. Interviews were carried out using fresh plant specimens, or by going with the informants to collect plants related to folk uses. Voucher specimens of the plants were collected and deposited in the Herbarium of the University of Roma Tre. Some tape-recordings are also kept in the National Museum of Arts and Folk Traditions of Rome. The informants were requested to furnish for each plant: vernacular name, folk use (in human/animal nourishment and in rituals), the preparation and parts used, period of gathering, related recipes, and an indication of whether these cited uses were still practised. They were also asked to indicate whether the use was "personal" and/or familiar (that is practised by the informant or by one or more members of the same family) and/or practised by others (e.g. friends, acquaintances). Further data consisted of an indication, in the informant's opinion, of the frequency or rarity of a given use, even if no longer practised. The nomenclature of the listed plants follow Pignatti .
The results of our study are reported in Table 1 ' [see Additional file 1]'. Plant families are listed in systematic order; within each family the species are cited in alphabetical order. The taxa cited are 61, belonging to 26 botanical families, among which 44 as food or flavouring, 22 in animal alimentation and 7 in rituals especially connected with agriculture and plant growth. Number of citations and relevant percentage on total number of citations (336) were reported too. In our paper we have compared the data collected with data present in ethno-botanical texts (see references). This has been done so as to highlight uses not previously reported or possibly described for other Italian areas. Comparison with the main papers on Basilicata [1–3] that were not concerning feed plants shows that 19 plants related to ethno-botanical uses (*) are new for the region, while 23 plants (°)(Table I) ' [see Additional file 1]' are cited in the texts [1–3] but here have at least one new or different use. The food or aromatic plants found number 44 in total, 34 of these being wild. The total number of plants reported represent 19.13 % of the food and flavouring species described by Caneva et al.  for Basilicata region, even though some plants we describe are new for Basilicata (Asphodeline liburnica, Crithmum maritimum, Cynodon dactylon, Helichrysum italicum, Inula crithmoides, Pisum sativum subsp. elatius, Sonchus tenerrimus, Sonchus oleraceus, Teucrium polium subsp. capitatum, Urospermum picroides). A certain number of these are cited in specific Italian books on wild plants as food [9, 10].
Table 1 ' [see Additional file 1]' shows that the food use of wild plants is again still present and that the greatest quantities of wild herbs are harvested in spring, with the resumption of rural tasks (weed killing on farms, preparation of the vineyards). Fewer food plants are gathered during the summer, while a certain number of these are available all the year round.
The consumption of so-called "misca", a mixture of vegetables, is very frequent in the area. These greens must be boiled, strained, then cooked again in a frying pan, with garlic, beans and, in some cases, pigskin. The dish is made using the leaves of many wild plants, such as Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris, Borago officinalis, Cichorium intybus, Foeniculum vulgare subsp. piperitum, Papaver rhoeas, Picris sp.pl., Sonchus sp.pl., Reichardia picroides etc., to which certain cultivated species may be added, such Solanum tuberosum tubers. This mixture of greens, typical of the area and appealing in its simplicity, is fit to be served in restaurants and local farm guesthouses.
Pharmacobotanical properties for the wild food plants are under study [2, 11, 12], but several food species have been insufficiently investigated. The food use of S. oleraceus and Sonchus sp. pl. is justified by the high content of vitamin C, carotenoids, fatty acids of type ω-3 [13–16]; protective properties against hepatic injury has been described for S. arvensis .
Origanum heracleoticum, a species with more a valuable aroma than Origanum vulgare  and used very often in cookery, is undoubtedly fit to be cultivated in Maratea.
In the last few years, in addition to the known antibiotic activity and to the antioxidant properties of some aglicones such as thymolquinone, thymol, eugenol, 2-phenylethanol, carvacrol, 3-hexen-1-ol , it has been proved that the essential oil acts as an inhibitor of carcinomas . The biochemical composition of the species in Calabria, a few kilometres from the area of the research and the chemosistematic of the genus Origanum were investigated [20, 21].
The use of Helichrysum italicum to flavour sauces is new for Italy, but some aromatic uses have been described [22, 23]; scientific literature reports its medicinal properties among which that digestive [24–26]. The plant, containing a complex of flavonoids (elicrisin), an essential oil with pinene, eugenol, nerol, caffeic and ursolic acid , should be more greatly appreciated for its anti-inflammatory [28, 29] and antibiotic  properties.
The custom of eating Inula crithmoides tops in salad is not common in Italy; this plant and Crithmum maritimum are perceived as being similar and are given the same phytonim "crìtini" [26, 30, 31]. C. maritimum (potassium salt, pectin, vitamins A, B2, C, essential oil with pinene, dipentene, eugenol, carvacrol) is an anabolic, carminative, choleretic, diuretic, eupeptic and vermifuge agent . Also I. crithmoides contains terpenes (α- and β-phellandrene, p-cymene, α- and β-pinene), in addition to linalool, carvacrol , flavonols , thymol derivatives .
A rarer food use is that of Lathyrus sylvestris (tender seeds eaten in soups) . Its vernacular name "òleca" refers to a plant eaten as a vegetable, from the Latin "olera", but the toxicity of some species of the genus Lathyrus is known. The pathology of lathyrism is due to a toxic compound, β-amino-propionitrile [31, 37].
The local practice of keeping dried figs skewered and held together with flavouring sticks is also reported for the nearby Mt. Pollino . The aromatizing properties of Myrtus communis, containing mirtenol, tannins, terpenes, bitter compound  have been known since ancient times: mortadella derives, in fact, from "mortarum", a Roman sausage with myrtle . The salami, ancient "lucànica", seasoned with spices and laurel fruits, of which Apicio (I sec B.C.) describes a recipe, has existed since Roman times .
The food use of Leopoldia comosa bulbs, widespread in Turkey , Greece [41, 42] and Southern Italy [1, 2, 4, 37, 38], with its prevalently Greek culture, could have been introduced by the colonisers of Magna Grecia . In the area studied, the bulbs (once sold) are consumed in various ways, flavoured with garlic, chilli pepper, mint and oregano. These bulbs are cooked after eliminating the external skin , boiled for a long time (in water and vinegar) to reduce the bitter taste, due to homoisoflavones [44, 45] and, probably, their toxicity, as the plant could contain polyhydroxylated pyrrolizidine alkaloids . Also in Clematis vitalba buds, the irritant compound protoanemonin is broken down through boiling.
Borago officinalis, an emollient agent (mucilages, allantoin and mineral salts ), is another species with remarkable gastronomic potential, containing small amounts of pyrrolizidine alkaloids . The food use in omelettes or fritters of Asphodeline liburnica young buds, "sbaràvule", whose vernacular name likens it to a wild asparagus, is neither described for Italian areas nor cited by Kunkel [31, 36, 37, 47]. The custom of eating boiled shoots of Equisetum telmateja (not cited in ) is rare in Italy [1, 26].
Some plant-based dishes were (and still are) obligatory on important religious occasions: on Easter Sunday and the following day the traditional lunch is roast lamb with L. comosa and potatoes with chopped tomatoes, onion and black pepper. A discontinued use, instead, related to the Holy Saturday, was the consumption of a soup of cooked wild chicory with salted pigs' trotters. Asparagus acutifolius, in addition to being consumed in omelettes or in sauces, is included in small round loafs, "pagnottedde i spàgari" . Other peculiar uses were coffee prepared with toasted seeds of Cicer arietinum or with the toasted rhizomes of Cynodon dactylon. In times of famine the starch obtained grinding the latter was added to flour to integrate it, or else the rhizomes were boiled and eaten as vegetables (uses not reported by Aliotta ).
Many plants are administered to herbivores such as arboreal species, Graminaceae and Leguminosae species. Ceratonia siliqua is one of the most widely used plants for herbivores [51, 52]; in the past, this was an important economic plant on the southern Mediterranean horizon. The harvesting of Psoralea bituminosa, a vermifuge  and vulnerary agent , is worthy of note; however, it contains photosensitizing furocoumarins [55–57]. In pig feed we find both thick oily leaves, such as Tussilago farfara, Borago officinalis, Nasturtium officinale, Picris echioides, as well as Quercus acorns, but also Arum italicum and Asphodelus microcarpus tubers, Crataegus monogyna and Pyrus amygdaliformis fruits. Perhaps the tastiness of the famous "lucaniche" can also be attributed to the ingestion of these plants. For feeding rabbit Foeniculum vulgare subsp.piperitum, Papaver rhoeas, Digitaria sanguinalis, Reichardia picroides, Salix alba are indicated; only Urtica dioica and P. rhoeas are bird seed . Until a few decades ago, 50% of fodder for pigs came from wild plant resources (acorns, Arum italicum tubers, wild fruits etc.); today this practice is still present but in a more limited way.
Among the most interesting beliefs is that concerning Arum italicum: its abundant flowering and fructification is interpreted as predicting a future good harvest. In fact people think that fruits, spadix, leaves and bulb represent respectively the harvests of maize, cereals, vegetables and potatoes . These fertility omens are most probably to be related to humidity levels which increases the growth and the luxuriance of certain plants. A similar belief is held also relating to Asphodelus microcarpus. The ancient associated the arum-like motifs with snakes in a mystical chthonic concept . Finally, by attributing to spikelets of Lolium multiflorum subsp. gaudini and Lolium perenne, the values "much", "a little" and "nothing" on a cyclical basis, people believed it was possible to tell if their love was reciprocated. It was the last spikelet that gave the definitive answer.
Data shows that many food and feed uses are still practised and that various phytonims or recipes date back to ancient uses. For example, the "làgana", of which also the Latin poet Horace speaks ("porri et ciceris...laganique catinum": Satira VI, l libro, v.115) was already known during Roman times. This dish is still prepared today in Maratea and bears the name of "cìciri e làgani": the "lagana" is a homemade pasta without eggs, suitable for serving with chick peas.
In this perspective knowledge and rediscovery of recipes in human and animal diet could represent an economic potential for the area.
The preservation of some rituals especially concerning agricultural plants is also noteworthy in the area.
The authors give their thanks to Angelo Merante for the graphic support and to all the informants, especially to Giuseppe and Caterina Sgambellone, Francesco Schettino, Carmine Pacchiano and Maria Lagatta.
This work is supported by the National Institute for Mountain Research (INMR-MIUR).
The field work for data collection was carried out above all by G.Salerno. Data analysis and manuscript preparation were conducted by all authors, but particularly by P. M. Guarrera.


text:
Charles Washington's Happy Retreat
Charles Town, Jefferson County
March 2019 Update: Restoration of the brick smokehouse and stone kitchen began in November. It was paused for the winter but will begin again in March/April and will be completed before summer. Last summer, restoration of the roofs on the main house was completed. The standing seam metal roof on the central portion of the house was restored, and new gutters and downspouts installed. The standing seam metal roofs on the two wings were replaced with new standing seam metal roofs. New gutters and downspouts were installed.
2017 Update: There has been quite a bit of activity at Happy Retreat since the last update. The Jefferson County Historical Society moved its office to Happy Retreat; the Historic Structure Report (HSR) was completed; and Friends of Happy Retreat (FOHR) hosted a few events at the site --a Wine and Jazz Festival and a book club.
The Historic Structure Report has given insight into the history of the construction and use of Happy Retreat. The HSR included a paint analysis that helped reveal the age of construction of the west wing of the house and a Preliminary Structural Assessment of the outlying building.
Due to the lack of original wood floors and floor joists in the first and second story, dendrochronology could not be used to determine the age of construction of the house's west wing. Therefore, a paint analysis was implanted to help date construction. Using a technique known as cross-section microscopy, small samples of paint were examined microscopically to determine the number of paint layers and their colors. In one room, the analysis revealed a complete chronology of the paint colors used back to the day Charles Washington first entered the house. Paint analysis also helped date the door and window of the west wing as well as reveal that the current mantel had been moved from another location.
The Preliminary Structural Assessment of the brick smokehouse, stone kitchen and privy outbuilding determined that that the smokehouse is in good structural condition, but it will need repointing and replacement of damaged bricks. The kitchen and privy however, require some work. The brick kitchen and privy walls will need to be rebuilt. The shingles on the outbuilding will also need to be replaced as they contain asbestos.
As far as events hosted at Happy Retreat, FOHR successfully hosted a Wine and Jazz Festival on June 10, 2017 with over 500 people in attendance. The festival included three Jazz bands, over 50 different local and national wines, and food from local restaurants and bakery. All proceeds went to the restoration and maintenance of the site. A book club, with free membership, was also started in June 2017.
On September 9, 2017, FOHR will host their second Craft Beer and Music Festival at Happy Retreat.
http://www.happyretreat.org/april-2017-rising-sun-newsletter/
http://wvpress.org/breaking-news/nice-retreat-wine-jazz-festival-draws-crowd-charles-town/
http://happyretreat.org/
www.facebook.com/happyretreat/
2010: Charles Washington, who founded Charles Town in 1786, began constructing his Early Classical Revival mansion, Happy Retreat, in 1780. Nearby at least seven other homes were constructed by Washington family members, including Charles' brother George, who frequently visited Happy Retreat. The threat to Happy Retreat arose several years ago when the owners expressed their desire to sell the home and its 12.2 developable acres. Two other Washington family homes had just been lost to development, so the threat was all too real. To stave off a sale, the grassroots Friends of Happy Retreat began raising funds to keep the property under option. After four years, however, the group realized that it would be impossible for them to raise enough private funds to acquire and sustain it for public enjoyment. So the nonprofit is now seeking public partners to join them in a new initiative: to develop Charles Washington's Happy Retreat into the centerpiece of heritage tourism in Charles Town.
If you are interested in assisting with any of these preservation projects, contact the Preservation Alliance of West Virginia at info@pawv.org.
Greenbrier County
Nicholas County
Ohio County
Pendleton County
Pocahontas County
*Status: Abdicated*
*Status: Lost*
*Status: Saved*

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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3 Attachment(s) How many Ibanez JS1CR30 ?


text:
Q: How safe is connect to mysql by c++ mysql connector? i have a question about c++ mysql connector safety, i'm not storing username/password in char/string variables, but everytime when my app is run it's connecting to mysql once to read/write data in/out.
sql::Driver* driver;
sql::Connection* con;
driver = get_driver_instance();
con = driver->connect("tcp://199.115.1.20:3306", "app", "ahsdkqywe");
delete con;

"i'm searched for similiar themes, but didn't found answer what i need"
how safe is use username/password in this way in app?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Nigeria Open: Oshonaike laments NTTF poor treatment
Funke Oshonaike
Idris Adesina
Nigeria table tennis star, Funke Oshonaike, has said the Nigeria Table Tennis Federation's poor treatment of the country's players during the recently-concluded 2017 ITTF Challenge Series Nigeria Open accounted for their poor performances during the competition.
The Nigeria Open was held at the Molade Okoya-Thomas Hall of the Teslim Balogun Stadium, Lagos, from August 9 to 12 and the farthest Nigerian players went at the competition was the semifinals of the men's singles and women's doubles.
Oshonaike lost out in the round of 16 of the women's singles after she was beaten by women's U-21 champion Piccolin Giorgia of Italy.
The 41-year-old said, "It doesn't speak well of Nigeria that when we hosted an ITTF event, our players had to provide accommodation for themselves. It is really a sad incident because that wasn't how the foreign players were treated. They were lodged at good hotels and their feeding taken care of.
"It affected our players and they weren't able to give their all. Not all of us can afford to foot our bills ourselves, hence the support needed from the federation. These were the things in my head as I was playing against the Italian. Apart from the noise from the crowd, the organisation and other troubles affected me and I couldn't concentrate well during the game. So I lost.
"Nigerian players were not treated well at the competition but I have refused to lose hope for Nigerian table tennis. I believe that better days will come soon. How can I retire now when the right things are not in place and the young ones are not developing well? All these things worry me every time I come home to play. I need to see a better player than I am before I will be able to quit."
However, NTTF president, Tikon Ishaku, said Oshonaike's claims were unfounded.
He said, "It is unfair for Funke to complain because the tournament was an opportunity for Nigerian players to improve on their rankings. It is not a Nigerian competition and as such the federation couldn't be responsible for the players' accommodation.
"The Nigerian Open is an ITTF competition that Nigeria hosted. The competition is for individual players and not for national teams. So each player is representing himself and not his country. Most players are sponsored by either their clubs or other means for competitions like this. If the NTTF wants to sponsor a player or two to such a competition, the federation will pay for everything needed by them to attend.
"Each of the 75 Nigerian players that participated in the tournament was required to pay an entry fee of €103 to the ITTF, which the NTTF waived as an incentive for the players and to encourage their participation in large numbers. The foreign players paid this fee before coming to the tournament and the fees went to the ITTF and not the NTTF. It was the fee that subsidised their accommodation and feeding."
Nigeria Open NTTF Oshonaike
Imo: PDP to protest Supreme Court judgment in Abuja Monday


text:
Q: Object Tracking using Opencv and JavaCamera As I use the back camera to cap a frame, by default the Android application is landscape so to get the input frame I use
Core.flip(currentFrame, currentFrame, 1);//flip around Y-axi

After some image enhancement and findcontour using opencv,
I have the following problems:
a. Object moves left hand side, drawcirle moves downward.
 b. Object moves right hand side, drawcircle moves upward.
 c. Object moves upward, drawcircile moves left hand side.
 d. Object moves downward, drawcircle moves right hand side.
In other word, the drawcircle (output) should be clockwise 90 to get the image of the source 1.
Code shown as follows:
package com.mtyiuaa.writingintheair;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.SurfaceView;
import android.view.View;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.view.ViewDebug;
import android.widget.Button;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.opencv.android.BaseLoaderCallback;
import org.opencv.android.CameraBridgeViewBase;
import org.opencv.android.JavaCameraView;
import org.opencv.android.LoaderCallbackInterface;
import org.opencv.android.OpenCVLoader;
import org.opencv.core.Core;
import org.opencv.core.Point;
import org.opencv.core.MatOfPoint;
import org.opencv.core.CvType;
import org.opencv.core.Mat;
import org.opencv.core.Scalar;
import org.opencv.core.Size;
import org.opencv.core.Rect;
import org.opencv.imgproc.Imgproc;
import org.opencv.imgproc.Moments;
import org.opencv.highgui.VideoCapture;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements   CameraBridgeViewBase.CvCameraViewListener2{

private static final int THRESH_BINARY = 1;
private static final  int THRESH_TOZERO = 4;

private static String TAG = "MainActivity";

JavaCameraView javaCameraView;
JavaCameraView javaCameraView2;
VideoCapture videoCapture;
Mat mRgba;
Mat temp;
Mat previousFrame;
Mat GpreviousFrame; // gray-level frame of previous Frame
Mat currentFrame;
Mat GcurrentFrame; // gray-level frame of current Frame
Mat diffFrame;
Mat imgGray;
Mat imgHSV;
Mat imgCanny;
Mat inputFrame;
Mat FlipFrame;
Mat outputFrame;
Mat imgthresholding;
Mat imgNormalization;
Mat imgGaussianSmothing;
int max_Binary_value = 255;
int thresh = 20;
Boolean CameraActive;
Boolean firstIteration= true;
int[] theObject = {0,0};

int x=0, y=0;
int FRAME_WIDTH = 1280;
int FRAME_HEIGHT = 720;
//max number of objects to be detected in frame
int MAX_NUM_OBJECTS=50;
//Minimum and Maximum object area
int MIN_OBJECT_AREA = 20*20;
int MAX_OBJECT_AREA = (int) ((FRAME_HEIGHT*FRAME_WIDTH)/1.5);

//MatOfPoint allcontours = new MatOfPoint();
//bounding rectangle of the object, we will use the center of this as its position.

BaseLoaderCallback mLoaderCallBack = new BaseLoaderCallback(this) {
    @Override
    public void onManagerConnected(int status) {
        switch(status){
            case BaseLoaderCallback.SUCCESS:{
                javaCameraView.enableView();
                //javaCameraView2.enableView();
                break;
            }
            default:{
                super.onManagerConnected(status);
                break;
            }
        }

    }
};

static{

}
//JavaCameraView javaCameraView;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    javaCameraView = (JavaCameraView)findViewById(R.id.java_camera_view);
    javaCameraView.setVisibility(SurfaceView.VISIBLE);
    javaCameraView.setCvCameraViewListener(this);

@Override
protected void onPause(){
    super.onPause();
    if(javaCameraView!=null) {
        CameraActive = false;
        javaCameraView.disableView();
    }
}

@Override
protected void onDestroy(){
    super.onDestroy(); // call the basic function
    if(javaCameraView!=null){
        javaCameraView.disableView();
    }

}

@Override
protected void onResume(){
    super.onResume(); //call based class
    if(OpenCVLoader.initDebug()){
        Log.i(TAG, "OpenCV loaded successfully");
        mLoaderCallBack.onManagerConnected(LoaderCallbackInterface.SUCCESS);
        //grab a new instance by using Basecallbackloader

    }
    else {
        Log.i(TAG, "OpenCV not loaded");
        //recall opencvLoader if not loaded
        OpenCVLoader.initAsync(OpenCVLoader.OPENCV_VERSION_2_4_10, this, mLoaderCallBack);
    }

}

@Override
public void onCameraViewStarted(int width, int height) {
    //Mat::Mat(int rows, int cols, int type)
    // initialize all Mat object when onCamera starts
    CameraActive = true;
    // 4 channels are used
    mRgba = new Mat(height, width, CvType.CV_8SC4);
    FlipFrame = new Mat(height, width, CvType.CV_8SC4);
    previousFrame =new Mat(height, width, CvType.CV_8SC4);
    currentFrame = new Mat(height, width, CvType.CV_8SC4);
    diffFrame =new Mat(height, width, CvType.CV_8SC4);

    // 1 channel is used.
    GcurrentFrame = new Mat(height, width, CvType.CV_8SC1);
    GpreviousFrame = new Mat(height, width, CvType.CV_8SC1);
    imgGray= new Mat(height, width, CvType.CV_8SC1);
    imgHSV = new Mat (height, width, CvType.CV_8SC1);
    imgCanny = new Mat(height, width, CvType.CV_8SC1);
    imgGaussianSmothing = new Mat(height, width, CvType.CV_8SC1);
    imgthresholding = new Mat(height, width, CvType.CV_8SC1);
    imgNormalization = new Mat(height,width, CvType.CV_8SC1);
    inputFrame = new Mat(height, width, CvType.CV_8SC1);
    outputFrame = new Mat(height, width, CvType.CV_8SC1);
    temp = new Mat(height, width, CvType.CV_8SC1);
}

@Override
public void onCameraViewStopped() {
    mRgba.release();
    FlipFrame.release();
    previousFrame.release();
    currentFrame.release();
    diffFrame.release();

    GcurrentFrame.release();
    GpreviousFrame.release();
    imgGray.release();
    imgHSV.release();
    imgCanny.release();
    imgGaussianSmothing.release();
    imgthresholding.release();
    imgNormalization.release();
    inputFrame.release();
    outputFrame.release();
    temp.release();
    CameraActive = false;

}

@Override
public Mat onCameraFrame(CameraBridgeViewBase.CvCameraViewFrame inputFrame) {

    while(CameraActive) {
        Mat temp2 = new Mat();
        Mat temp3 = new Mat();

        currentFrame = inputFrame.rgba();
        Core.flip(currentFrame, currentFrame, 1);//flip aroud Y-axis

        RGB2HSV(currentFrame).copyTo(temp2);
        FilterHSVImage(temp2).copyTo(temp2);
        //CannyDetector(temp2).copyTo(temp4);
        MorphOperation(temp2).copyTo(temp2);
        List<MatOfPoint> contours = new ArrayList<>();
        Mat hierarchy = new Mat();
        Imgproc.findContours(temp2,contours,hierarchy,Imgproc.RETR_EXTERNAL, Imgproc.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);

        temp2.copyTo(temp3);
        FindLargestContours(temp3, contours);

        //return outputFrame;
    }

    return null;
}

// Edge Detector using Canny
// Goal: Edge image is less sensitive to lighting conditon
public Mat CannyDetector(Mat inputFrame) {

    Imgproc.Canny(inputFrame, imgCanny, 50, 150);
    return imgCanny;
}

private Mat RGB2Gray (Mat inputFrame){

    Imgproc.cvtColor(inputFrame, imgGray, Imgproc.COLOR_RGB2GRAY);
    return imgGray;
}

private Mat RGB2HSV (Mat inputFrame){
    Imgproc.cvtColor(inputFrame, imgHSV, Imgproc.COLOR_RGB2HSV);
    return imgHSV;
}

private Mat FilterHSVImage(Mat inputFrame){
    Core.inRange(inputFrame, new Scalar(0, 100, 100), new Scalar(10, 255, 255), imgthresholding);
    //Core.inRange(temp2, new Scalar(160, 100, 100), new Scalar(179, 255, 255), temp2);

    return imgthresholding;
}

private Mat MorphOperation (Mat inputFrame){

    //Mat element1 = Imgproc.getStructuringElement(Imgproc.MORPH_RECT, new  Size(2*dilation_size + 1, 2*dilation_size+1));
    //Imgproc.dilate(source, destination, element1);
    //Highgui.imwrite("dilation.jpg", destination);
    Mat erodeElement =Imgproc.getStructuringElement(Imgproc.MORPH_RECT, new Size(3,3));
    Mat dilateElement = Imgproc.getStructuringElement(Imgproc.MORPH_RECT, new Size (8,8));

    Imgproc.dilate(inputFrame, inputFrame, erodeElement);
    Imgproc.dilate(inputFrame, inputFrame, erodeElement);

    Imgproc.erode(inputFrame, inputFrame, dilateElement);
    Imgproc.erode(inputFrame, inputFrame, dilateElement);
    return inputFrame;
}

private Mat Threshold(Mat inputFrame){

    Imgproc.threshold(inputFrame, imgthresholding, thresh, max_Binary_value, Imgproc.THRESH_TOZERO);
    return imgthresholding;
}

private Mat ThresholdToBinary(Mat inputFrame){
    Imgproc.threshold(inputFrame, imgthresholding, thresh, max_Binary_value, Imgproc.THRESH_BINARY);
    //Imgproc.threshold(inputFrame, imgthresholding, thresh, max_Binary_value, THRESH_BINARY);
    return imgthresholding;
}
private Mat Normalization(Mat inputFrame, double min, double max){
    //double E_Max =

    Core.normalize(inputFrame, imgNormalization, min, max, Core.NORM_MINMAX);
    return imgNormalization;
}

private Mat drawObject(int x, int y, Mat inputFrame) {
    Point point = new Point(x, y);
    Point pointA = new Point(x, y - 25);
    Point pointB = new Point(x, y + 25);
    Point pointC = new Point(x - 25, y);
    Point pointD = new Point(x + 25, y);
    Scalar scalar = new Scalar(255, 0, 0);

        Core.circle(inputFrame,point,20,scalar,2);

        if(y-25>0) Core.line(inputFrame,point,pointA,scalar,2);
        else Core.line(inputFrame,point,new Point(x,0),scalar,2);
        if(y+25<FRAME_HEIGHT) Core.line(inputFrame,point,pointB,scalar,2);
        else Core.line(inputFrame,point,new Point(x,FRAME_HEIGHT),scalar,2);
        if(x-25>0)Core.line(inputFrame,point,pointC,scalar,2);
        else Core.line(inputFrame,point,new Point(0,y),scalar,2);
        if(x+25<FRAME_WIDTH) Core.line(inputFrame,point,pointD,scalar,2);
        else Core.line(inputFrame,point,new Point(FRAME_WIDTH,y),scalar,2);
        Core.putText(inputFrame, "Tracking object at (" + Integer.toString(x)+" , "+ Integer.toString(y)+ ")",point, 1, 1,scalar, 2);
       // putText(inputFrame,intToString(x)+","+intToString(y),Point(x,y+30),1,1,Scalar(0,255,0),2);
        Log.i(TAG, "Draw x at "+Integer.toString(x)+ "  Draw y at "+ Integer.toString(y));

    inputFrame.copyTo(outputFrame);
    return outputFrame;
}

private void TrackFilteredObject (int x, int y, Mat filteredImage, Mat sourceImage){
    boolean objectFound = false;
    Mat temp3 = new Mat();
    filteredImage.copyTo(temp3);
    List<MatOfPoint> contours = new ArrayList<MatOfPoint>();
    Mat hierarchy = new Mat();
    Imgproc.findContours(temp3,contours,hierarchy,Imgproc.RETR_CCOMP, Imgproc.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);

    //Point[] contourPoints = (Point[]) contours.toArray();
    double refArea = 0;

    if (hierarchy.size().height>0 && hierarchy.size().width>0){
       // int numObjects = hierarchy.size();
        //if number of objects greater than MAX_NUM_OBJECTS we have a noisy filter

        //if(numObjects<MAX_NUM_OBJECTS) {
            for (int index = 0; index >= 0; index =(int)hierarchy.get(index,0)[0]){
                    //hierarchy[index][0]) {

                Moments moment = Imgproc.moments(contours.get(index), true);
                double area = moment.get_m00();

                //if the area is less than 20 px by 20px then it is probably just noise
                //if the area is the same as the 3/2 of the image size, probably just a bad filter
                //we only want the object with the largest area so we safe a reference area each
                //iteration and compare it to the area in the next iteration.
                if (area > MIN_OBJECT_AREA && area < MAX_OBJECT_AREA && area > refArea) {
                   // x = moment.m10 / area;
                    x= (int) (moment.get_m10()/area);
                    y = (int) (moment.get_m01()/area);
                    objectFound = true;
                    refArea = area;
                } else objectFound = false;
            }
        //}
    }
}

    }

A: Replace x with y, it's pretty simple man come on


text:
Q: header("content-type: image/jpg") not working on online server Although this command works perfectly on my localhost, I don't know why it's not working on the online server. I have tried:
$sql = "SELECT photo FROM database WHERE userID = '$uID'";
$result = $conn->query($sql);
$imgData = $row['photo'];
ob_start();
header("content-type: image/jpg");
echo $imgData;
ob_end_flush();

but nothing happened! can you help me?

A: If this code runs it means there is not problem with the header. There is another problem with your sql,etc.
<?php
/*$sql = "SELECT photo FROM database WHERE userID = '$uID'";
$result = $conn->query($sql);
$imgData = $row['photo'];*/
$imgData = file_get_contents('http://www.dummymag.com//media/img/dummy-logo.png');
ob_start();
header("content-type: image/jpg");
echo $imgData;
ob_end_flush();

?>


The event will include cultural exchanges, traditional performances, trade promotion activities, and agricultural workshops.
At a meeting with special advisor to Japan-Viet Nam Friendship Parliamentary Alliance Tsutomu Takebe in the city on October 27, Vice Chairman of the municipal People's Committee Le Thanh Liem said the city is honoured to host the event, the largest of its kind between the two countries, this year.
Preparation work is on schedule, he said, adding that the city is ready for the opening ceremony on November 18.
Takebe, also head of the organising board, suggested the southern economic hub work with Japan to ensure a successful event.
The annual Japan Festival in Viet Nam was first held in 2013 at the September 23 Park in HCM City.
This year's event is expected to welcome 180,000 visitors.


Citation: McMillan S, Verner-Jeffreys DW, Weeks JM, Austin B & Desbois AP (2015) Larva of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, is a suitable alternative host for studying virulence of fish pathogenic Vibrio anguillarum, BMC Microbiology, 15, Art. No.: 127.
Abstract: Background: Microbial diseases cause considerable economic losses in aquaculture and new infection control measures often rely on a better understanding of pathogenicity. However, disease studies performed in fish hosts often require specialist infrastructure (e.g., aquaria), adherence to strict legislation and do not permit high-throughput approaches; these reasons justify the development of alternative hosts. This study aimed to validate the use of larvae of the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) to investigate virulence of the important fish pathogen, Vibrio anguillarum. Results: Using 11 wild-type isolates of V. anguillarum, these bacteria killed larvae in a dose-dependent manner and replicated inside the haemolymph, but infected larvae were rescued by antibiotic therapy. Crucially, virulence correlated significantly and positively in larva and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) infection models. Challenge studies with mutants knocked out for single virulence determinants confirmed conserved roles in larva and fish infections in some cases (pJM1 plasmid, rtxA), but not all (empA, flaA, flaE). Conclusions: The G. mellonella model is simple, more ethically acceptable than experiments on vertebrates and, crucially, does not necessitate liquid systems, which reduces infrastructure requirements and biohazard risks associated with contaminated water. The G. mellonella model may aid our understanding of microbial pathogens in aquaculture and lead to the timely introduction of new effective remedies for infectious diseases, while adhering to the principles of replacement, reduction and refinement (3Rs) and considerably reducing the number of vertebrates used in such studies.
Rights: © 2015 McMillan et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.


text:
Obi-Wan, Mos Eisley and ... Washington, D.C.?
Daily Dose of Disney with Ray Keating – Episode #24: Obi-Wan Kenobi's Wisdom on Mos Eisley – Ray Keating loves Obi-Wan's quote in Star Wars about Mos Eisley, and can't help but think of a real-life city.
The "Daily Dose of Disney with Ray Keating" podcast serves up a Disney or Disney-related quote each day, with DisneyBizJournal's Ray Keating offering brief, additional thoughts on how each dose ties in to life, career, business, entrepreneurship, creativity, storytelling, work, or just plain fun.
Labels: business, Mos Eisley, Obi-Wan Kenobi, politics, Ray Keating, Star Wars, Washington DC
For a Great Burger Head to D-Luxe Burger at Disney Springs
by Beth Keating
I am a burger hunter. Burgers are my weakness. Take me to any restaurant, and the first thing I'm going to look for on the menu are the burgers. I may end up ordering something else, but I'm still going to peruse the burger column first. Embarrassingly, I'm also the one who goes to The BOATHOUSE in Disney Springs - perhaps one of the finest seafood restaurants in central Florida - and orders… yes, the burger. (Their signature Gibsons "Sandwich King" Award Winning Burger, with beef made just for The BOATHOUSE, is phenomenal. But I digress.)
D-Luxe Burger in the Town Center section of Disney Springs is on my list of top burger stops at Disney. Mind you, Disney has a reputation at many of its quick serve locations for serving… I'll be generous… dehydrated meat discs on a bun (looking at you, Cosmic Ray's!) Sometimes they'll emboss the image of a cute character into the top of the bun, but it is still, at best, a substandard theme park burger. Despite my love of burgers, there are certain places at the House of Mouse that you will not catch me lifting a burger to my mouth. Those standard "theme park burgers" just won't cut it.
D-Luxe Burger, though, is a quick-serve restaurant that offers a really good burger that rivals the better sit-down locations. The dining location has a small amount of indoor seating (non-COVID times), but most of its tables are located outside either under their porch overhang, or along the dock overlooking the springs. The restaurant is hooked in to Disney's mobile order system, and using either your My Disney Experience app (MDE), or the QR code at the restaurant, you can quickly order your food online. You then pick it up at the counter when it's ready (you'll get a text on your MDE app or phone), and pick a seat at the umbrella tables outside on the dock or on the porch.
We placed an order at D-Luxe Burger in the late afternoon, when Disney Springs crowds were low. We chose an umbrella shaded table overlooking the blue springs, and were able to enjoy the scenery while we ate. It took only ten minutes for our order to be ready on this low-crowd day, but you can also pre-order early in the day for a certain pick-up window using your My Disney Experience app.
The menu is, with a few exceptions, exclusively burgers, but they are darn good ones. Two of our diners ordered the Barbecue Burger ($12.49), D-Luxe Burger's signature-blend beef patty topped with a fried onion ring, Muenster cheese, bacon, barbecue sauce, grilled onions, and lettuce. The burger was juicy, the beef was a high-quality blend, it was cooked to the correct "doneness" (a rarity at Disney!), and we were able to specify any changes we wanted to the burger on the MDE app. Our other diner ordered the Classic Cheeseburger ($10.49), the signature blend beef patty topped with Cheddar, lettuce, tomato, grilled onions and pickles. They were equally pleased with their burger. The buns were soft and fresh, and added to the overall burger quality.
The burgers at D-Luxe Burger do not come with sides, but you can order fresh cut fries as an add-on. The portions of the fries were pretty large, and come in two sizes. The regular is $4.99, and the large is $7.49. The large was more than enough to split among our three diners. The fries were good on their own, well-seasoned, but the real excitement with the fries is the option for house made dipping sauces. You have a choice between Garlic Ranch; Buffalo Ranch; Chipotle Mayo; BBQ Stout; and Truffle Aioli. We opted for the Buffalo Ranch and the Truffle Aioli, which were both delicious, and were definitely worth getting again. The Buffalo Ranch had a hint of heat without being overwhelming, and the Truffle Aioli was a bit more savory and a touch smoky in flavor. There was no charge for the dipping sauce. They would make a great burger sauce as well. Just sayin'.
For those who are dining with carnivores but don't wish to partake themselves, D-Luxe burger offers a plant-based "Pacific Island Burger" topped with cabbage and mushroom ragout, mango salsa, lettuce, tomato, and pickles for $12.49.
The kids have their own selections as well. The $7.99 Grilled Chicken Sandwich kid's meal is a grilled chicken breast topped with lettuce and tomato, served with a Danimals smoothie and carrot sticks, and a lowfat milk or water. There's also a kid's cheeseburger meal option or chicken nuggets option, either of which is $7.99 and comes with the same sides.
For future reference, in non-COVID times, D-Luxe Burger sometimes has secret menu offerings on the app. Right now, though, most of the Disney restaurants have streamlined their menus to keep efficiency up and wait-times down so crowds don't end up gathering. Keep an eye out though, because you never know when something special will pop up.
While D-Luxe Burger is known for its great burgers, it's also a prime stop for delicious ice cream shakes. Of course, we had to sample a few to be sure. We selected the S'mores Gelato Shake, a really fun vanilla gelato blended with toasted marshmallow, dark chocolate sauce and graham cracker crumbles topped with whipped cream, marshmallows, dark chocolate drizzle, and an extra graham cracker. It was $7.50 worth of pure summertime, and while we wouldn't order it all the time, it was a vacation worthy treat. The other shake we ordered, also $7.50, was the Strawberry Gelato Shake, a vanilla gelato blend with strawberry smoothie mix, topped with mounds of whipped cream, a strawberry sauce drizzle, and a bright red cherry. It was thick and creamy, and super cold, even on a hot day. On occasion, seasonal shakes also show up on the menu.
If an adult beverage is more your speed, you can plus up your shake with some alcohol. The Smoked Bourbon Gelato Shake ($16.00) combines vanilla gelato with Knob Creek Single Barrel Bourbon, hickory smoke, and dark chocolate sauce. Oh, and there's a strip of bacon on top! The Bananas Foster Gelato Shake ($12.00) starts with a vanilla gelato base before adding Bols Banana, toasted marshmallow Monin, and caramel before being topped with whipped cream and an extra drizzle of caramel.
There are also a few non-shake adult drinks, including Cabernet Sauvignon ($11.00); a Chardonnay ($11.00), and a few beer offerings, including a Goose Island IPA ($10.00) and a Funky Buddha Floridian Hefeweizen ($10.00), a German style wheat beer with citrus tones. Or there's a Bud Light ($8.25), but you are on vacation, so broaden your horizons!
If you find yourself bargain hunting the shops at Disney Springs, and looking for a quick meal, you can't go wrong with a burger and shake at D-Luxe Burger. It will give you just the boost you need to keep perusing the myriad of stores, or let you refuel while you listen to the live music offered at Disney Springs. Plus, it definitely qualifies as one of the top burgers at Disney.
Beth Keating is a regular contributor to DisneyBizJournal.
Please support the efforts of DisneyBizJournal.com to bring news, analysis and commentary on Disney to readers such as yourself. Make a contribution right here via PayPal. Thanks!
Labels: Beth Keating, D-Luxe Burger, D-Luxe Burger review, Disney Springs, food review
Disney on Committees
Daily Dose of Disney with Ray Keating – Episode #23: Walt Disney on Committees – Ray Keating agrees with Walt Disney that, in the end, key decisions are not made by committees.
Labels: business tips, committees, Disney, management, meetings, Ray Keating, Walt Disney
Disney, Synergy and Michael Eisner
Daily Dose of Disney with Ray Keating – Episode #22: Michael Eisner on Synergy – While the term "synergy" is much maligned, Ray Keating agrees with Michael Eisner that synergy matters.
Labels: Disney, Michael Eisner, Ray Keating, synergy, Walt Disney Company
Disney's Folly?
Daily Dose of Disney with Ray Keating – Episode #21: Disney's Folly? Absolutely Not! – Ray Keating notes that Disney had it right on Snow White while the rest of Hollywood was dead wrong.
Labels: Disney's folly, feedback, Ray Keating, Snow White, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Walt Disney
Disney's Big Oscar Night: "Soul" and "Nomadland" Honored at 2021 Academy Awards
The 93rd Academy Awards have come and gone, and Disney's Soul and Nomadland were the company's big winners this year under its Pixar and Searchlight brands.
Held at Union Station Los Angeles and the Dolby Theatre at the Hollywood & Highland Center, with appearances by winners videoed in from points around the globe, the Oscar ceremonies took place last night, April 25, 2021, honoring movies released in 2020.
Aired on the Disney-owned ABC network, the company also snuck in a lavishly done new trailer for the upcoming Disney and Steven Spielberg film remake of West Side Story.
Given the repercussions of this year's pandemic, it is no surprise that Disney and Netflix, the two streaming powerhouses, were the big winners this year.
The Oscars for Disney under its Pixar partnership both belonged to Soul. Soul was released on Disney+.
ANIMATED FEATURE FILM WINNER:
Pete Docter and Dana Murray
MUSIC (ORIGINAL SCORE) WINNER:
Trent Reznor, Atticus Ross and Jon Batiste
And if you include the Searchlight film Nomadland among the Disney family of properties (Disney acquired Searchlight in 2019), you can chalk up a few more wins in the Disney column.
Chloé Zhao, who took home her statue for Nomadland, became the second woman to win the category, as well as the first woman of color and the first woman of Asian descent to win for Best Director. Nomadland was released on Disney's Hulu platform, as well as in theaters.
BEST PICTURE WINNER:
NOMADLAND
Frances McDormand, Peter Spears, Mollye Asher, Dan Janvey and Chloé Zhao, Producers
ACTRESS IN A LEADING ROLE WINNER:
DIRECTING WINNER:
Chloé Zhao
Best picture and best animated feature film – it can't get much better than that for Disney and its movie studios.
Labels: Academy Awards, Best Animated Feature, Best Picture, Nomadland, Oscars, Pixar, Searchlight Pictures, Soul, Walt Disney Company, West Side Story
When Art is Your Business, Like at Disney
Daily Dose of Disney with Ray Keating – Episode #20: Disney Driven by Art and Business – Ray Keating considers comments about art and business from Kevin Rafferty, author of Magic Journey.
Labels: art and commerce, business of art, Disney, Magic Journey, Ray Keating, Walt Disney Company. Kevin Rafferty
Relax with Casual Dining at Geyser Point at Wilderness Lodge
Geyser Point Bar & Grill at Disney's Wilderness Lodge bills itself as a quick service location on the Disney website, but I beg to differ. To me, quick service means you grab your meal on a tray after ordering at a walk-up window, while balancing said tray while you wait for someone else to vacate their table so you can grab a seat. It's usually crowded, and often chaotic.
Geyser Point is anything but. This hidden gem of a dining spot is a great venue for relaxing after a hard day hitting the theme parks, or even for a laidback lunch or dinner while taking the family to the nearby Wilderness Lodge pool. While there is normally a takeout window available (it wasn't in service while we were there due to the pandemic, but it reportedly has reopened), our family would heartily recommend pulling up a chair and staying for a while. Since it's technically a walk-up lounge, you don't need reservations. We'd bill this place more as a casual dining spot that also offers a to-go window, rather than a typical quick serve location.
The restaurant is a rustic, open air eatery that invites you to sit back on comfy, cushioned couches at low coffee tables while you enjoy your meal. Some of the seats are at tables along the overhang, while there are also seats at the bar, and you can look out on the Wilderness Lodge's lush landscaping while you wait for your food to be delivered to your table. Big-screen TVs are tuned to varying sports if you are interested, and there's no hurry to get on with the rest of your day, as the staff keeps the pace relaxed and casual.
Our wait time after putting in our names with the host was less than ten minutes, barely enough time to wander down to the dock and take a few pictures of the waterfront. We were seated at a beautiful table tucked just under the roofline, along the shrubbery looking out onto Bay Lake. While we ate, we watched the sun set and the boats ferrying guests back and forth to the theme parks. It was a really peaceful way to gather at the end of the day.
QR codes provided the means to access the menu from our phone, and we had the option of a more abbreviated lounge menu, or the regular lunch and dinner menu that had a few slightly larger plates.
There's a lovely Handcrafted Charcuterie board ($18.00) that a nearby table was enjoying, but we opted instead to share the Cheesy Barbecue Brisket with House-made Chips ($11.00). It was so good we briefly contemplated ordering a second one to split, but fortunately our main dishes arrived and saved us from ourselves. (But there's always next time!) The house-made chips were crunchy and still warm, and not the slightest bit greasy (as is too often the case with homemade chips elsewhere), and the brisket was tender with a slightly smoky taste and a blend of melty cheeses and a few scattered jalapenos.
For our main selections, we went with the Bison Cheeseburger ($19.00), served with Bacon, Sweet Crispy Onion Straws, Marionberry Sauce, Lettuce, Tomato and Garlic Aïoli. The burger was perfectly done, and juicy as well. The marionberry sauce was a nice contrast to the crunch of the onion straws. This burger was a definite "come back for this one again" entrée.
We also ordered Shrimp on a Wire, a set of delicious shrimp with Soy-Lime Vinaigrette, Togarashi, Shishito Peppers, and Chili-Aïoli ($13.00). The shrimp was crisp, and the dipping sauce was a nice accompaniment. There was a bit of spiciness to the dish, and the flavors were really fresh.
The desserts were tasty, but not necessarily something to drive out of your way to the Wilderness Lodge for. We had the seasonal pie ($7.00), which on our evening turned out to be an apple-cranberry pie. We also sampled the Campfire Brownie, which at $6.00 was cute, with its icing-created campfire flames on top, but it was pretty much your typical chocolate brownie underneath. However, in the past few weeks, depending on the day, Geyser Point has either offered a slightly different version of the campfire brownie, or removed it from the menu altogether. Either way, you probably won't miss it much, and Geyser Point has added a few more offerings to the dessert menu in its place. Current to the writing of this article, they were offering a delicious Apple Cider sorbet and a Campfire Mousse, each $7.00.
Other menu choices include smoked turkey sandwiches ($12.00); grilled portobello salads ($10.00-$17.00, depending on add-on toppings); crab cakes ($14.00); and Teriyaki chicken wings ($15.00).
While Geyser Point may look somewhat like a bar from the sidewalk, it's still Disney, and kids are more than welcome. As an outdoor, open-air venue surrounded by National Park-style beams holding up the roof, you hardly notice the kiddos at the other tables as the wide open al fresco setting spreads out any sounds from restless offspring. There is a small kids' menu for them.
Truthfully, I would have been thrilled with one of the kids' menu choices when our boys were small. The kid's Finger Food Sampler ($7.19) has Sliced Smoked Turkey, Tilamook Cheddar, Spiced Apple Jam, Grape Tomatoes and Sourdough Crisps with a choice of low-fat milk or a bottled water. Our kids would have been really excited with the options on this snacking-style plate, and I would have been ecstatic they were eating something other than chicken nuggets for the third day in a row! There's also a burger ($7.69) or grilled chicken ($7.49) if your kids don't like to graze their way through the meal.
Geyser Point is billed as a lounge, and it serves a full complement of wines and Draft beers (how fun do the Rogue Dead Guy Ale or the Elysian Dragonstooth Stout sound?), but they also have a few signature drinks as well. Huckleberry Punch ($15.00) is a combination of 44° North Mountain Huckleberry Vodka, Bols Crème de Cassis, Lemon Juice and Cranberry Juice. At $15.00 each, the WhipperSnapper Sour has WhipperSnapper Whiskey mixed with Sweet-and-Sour, and the Cascadia Sangria Cocktail is a Zodiac Black Cherry Vodka, Lime Juice and Orange Juice drink topped with Columbia Crest H3 Merlot. The Northwest Iced Tea is Geyser Point's version of the Long Island Iced Tea, with 44° North Idaho Potato Vodka, Bacardi Superior Rum, Aviation Gin, Cointreau and Sweet-and-Sour with a splash of Coca-Cola for $14.00. If those more unique sips don't interest you, there's always the ubiquitous and omnipresent Disney Frozen Piña Colava, Banana Cabana, or Captain's Mai Tai, all at $13.00.
Geyser Point is now on our list of favorite casual dining locations at Disney. Its relaxing ambiance made us sit back and unwind for a while, and the fact that the food was excellent was an added bonus. If you time it right, when the Electrical Water Pageant takes place on Bay Lake, you'll get a great view of this original-to-the-opening of Disney World nautical display, as it floats right on by Geyser Point.
After the craziness of the crowds, the drive over to Wilderness Lodge was well worth the effort.
Labels: Beth Keating, Disney, Geyser Point, Geyser Point Bar & Grill, Geyser Point dining review, Walt Disney World, Wilderness Lodge
Walt Disney on Humanity's Spiritual and Material Needs
Daily Dose of Disney with Ray Keating – Episode #19: Walt Disney on Humanity's Spiritual and Material Needs – Ray Keating agrees that there is depth to business undertakings that most do not consider.
Labels: Daily Dose of Disney, Daily Dose of Disney with Ray Keating, Disney, Disney and spiritual needs, Ray Keating, Walt Disney
Ohana Means Family
Daily Dose of Disney with Ray Keating – Episode #18: Ohana Means Family – Ray Keating turns to Lilo to provide a reminder as to what really matters in life.
Labels: Daily Dose of Disney, Daily Dose of Disney with Ray Keating, Disney, Lilo & Stitch, ohana, Ray Keating, Walt Disney
Disney Claims 8th Best Global Corporate Reputation
News/Analysis
Few businesses grasp the importance of their reputation like The Walt Disney Company. While no one has to agree with every decision made by Disney, or any other enterprise, it's hard to miss the importance placed on the Disney brand and reputation with nearly every decision the company makes.
So, it wasn't exactly surprising to see that Disney ranked eighth best in terms of its corporate reputation, according to the recently released 2021 edition of The RepTrak Company's "Global RepTrak 100" report. RepTrak publishes its top 100 ranking "based on 68,577 respondents collected globally across the 15 largest economies through online surveys."
Disney's reputation was classified as "strong." RepTrak explained: "Over the past decade, The Walt Disney Company has consistently ranked in the Top 10 most reputable companies - one of only two companies to do so. In 2021, The Walt Disney Company is the only Media & Entertainment company within the Top 10. Disney is also one out of only two companies among the Top 10 to receive an 'Excellent' Reputation Score when it comes to its Financial Performance."
The top 10 companies were: 1) LEGO Group, 2) Rolex, 3) Ferrari, 4) The Bosch Group, 5) Harley-Davidson, 6) Canon, 7) Adidas, 8) The Walt Disney Company, 9) Microsoft, and 10) Sony.
Ray Keating is the editor, publisher and economist for DisneyBizJournal.com, and author of the Pastor Stephen Grant novels and assorted nonfiction books. Have Ray Keating speak your group, business, school, church, or organization. Email him at raykeating@keatingreports.com.
Keating has two new books out. Vatican Shadows: A Pastor Stephen Grant Novel is the 13ththriller/mystery in the Pastor Stephen Grant series. Get the paperback or Kindle edition at Amazon, or signed books at www.raykeatingonline.com. Past Lives: A Pastor Stephen Grant Short Story is the 14th book in the series. Get the paperback or Kindle edition at Amazon, or signed book at www.raykeatingonline.com. And pre-order the 15th book in the series What's Lost? A Pastor Stephen Grant Short Story.
You also can order his book Behind Enemy Lines: Conservative Communiques from Left-Wing New York from Amazon or signed books at RayKeatingOnline.com. His other recent nonfiction book is Free Trade Rocks! 10 Points on International Trade Everyone Should Know.
Posted by Ray Keating at 10:55 AM No comments:
Labels: corporate reputation, Disney, Global RepTrak 100, Ray Keating, RepTrak, Walt Disney Company
Tomorrowland for Disney and the Rest of Us
Daily Dose of Disney with Ray Keating – Episode #17: Tomorrowland Tough to Envision at Disney and in Business – Ray Keating sees differences and parallels with Walt Disney's frustrations about Tomorrowland and businesses preparing for tomorrow.
Labels: business planning, Daily Dose of Disney, Daily Dose of Disney with Ray Keating, Disneyland, Ray Keating, Tomorrowland, Walt Disney, Walt Disney World
Tokyo Disneyland to Lower Attendance Cap
The roller coaster ride continues for Tokyo Disneyland and Tokyo DisneySea, as COVID-19 numbers in Japan evolve once more.
After only raising the attendance cap on April 1, Oriental Land Co., the operator of the Tokyo Disney parks, said Monday that it will "lower the cap of the daily number of visitors to Tokyo Disneyland and Tokyo DisneySea each from 20,000 to 5,000."
Courtesy of the Disney Parks Blog
The decreased capacities will remain in effect through May 11. Tokyo DisneySea will also close one hour earlier at 8 p.m. through May 11.
According to The Japan Times, the government of Japan is considering "quasi-emergency measures" due to COVID-19 in Urayasu, where Disneyland is located, as well as in four other cities in Chiba Prefecture, and Kyodo News reports that "the Japanese government plans to impose a fresh coronavirus state of emergency in Tokyo as well as Osaka, Kyoto and Hyogo prefectures on Friday."
It has not been smooth sailing for the Japanese parks since their COVID-19 re-openings. Tokyo Disneyland was one of the earlier Disney parks to reopen on July 1 after their February 28, 2020 COVID closures. In September 2020, Tokyo Disneyland unveiled the largest expansion in the park's history, a three-year-long undertaking that had already been delayed earlier in the year by COVID shutdowns. Then came January, and Tokyo Disneyland had to temporarily suspend ticket sales until February, permitting only previously ticketed guests to visit the parks in the face of fluctuating COVID numbers. Now they are once more adjusting their guest attendance levels.
Tokyo is also the location of this year's Olympics, set to begin July 23, but postponed from last summer because of coronavirus. Foreign spectators are not permitted in the stadiums for this year's games.
In fact, there have also been calls for the Olympic games to be postponed yet again because of Japan's changing COVID-19 numbers. CBS Sports reports that a recent Kyodo News poll found that the majority of Japanese residents, 72%, are in favor of postponing or cancelling the games in the face of a fourth wave of coronavirus.
According to the Kyodo News poll report, "Amid lingering concern over a fourth coronavirus wave and the slow progress of vaccination, the poll found 39.2 percent believe the postponed Olympics and Paralympics should be canceled, while 32.8 percent think they should be rescheduled. Only 24.5 percent responded that the games should be held as scheduled."
As the availability of ticket sales and attendance numbers continues to change at Tokyo Disneyland, and the Japanese government initiates additional restrictions, Disneyland's plans may need to adjust yet again. Head to the Tokyo Disneyland website for current information.
Labels: COVID-19, Disney, Tokyo Disney, Tokyo Disneyland, Tokyo DisneySea, Tokyo Olympics
The Mandalorian, "The Way" and Business Culture?
Daily Dose of Disney with Ray Keating – Episode #16: Mandalorians and "The Way" in Star Wars and in Business – Ray Keating links "The Way" and Mandalorians can help us think about business culture.
Labels: business culture, Daily Dose of Disney, Daily Dose of Disney with Ray Keating, Disney, Ray Keating, Star Wars, The Mandalorian, The Way
Get a Sneak Peek at the Soon-To-Launch Disney Wish
Disney Cruise Line has been busy preparing for the launch of its newest ship, the Disney Wish, and they are ready to share many of the never-before-released details of the brand new vessel in their fleet. On Thursday, April 29, at 11 am ET, Disney will bring some of those details to fans in a special 30-minute virtual presentation. The Disney Wish is due to set sail on its maiden voyage in the summer of 2022.
According to Ashley Long, a cruise director with Disney Cruise Line, the presentation, "will give you a sneak peek at all of the magic that awaits, including a look behind-the-scenes with Walt Disney Imagineers and the creative team bringing the Disney Wish to life. Plus, this enchanting reveal will include special character appearances and surprise performances you won't want to miss!"
Imagineers and ship builders are busy pulling together all the final details of the ship's construction. Captain Minnie will be helming this newest ship, and in a magical milestone in the construction process last week, Disney celebrated the traditional keel laying ceremony of the Disney Wish by placing a newly minted coin featuring the smiling face of Captain Minnie under the keel as it was lowered in place. Captain Minnie's portrait will also be displayed in the beautiful gold filigree art on the bow of the ship.
When families arrive on board the Disney Wish, they'll enter a soaring, three-deck-tall "Grand Hall," with a golden statue of a dancing Cinderella as the centerpiece of this majestic reception area. If you want a foretaste of the royal welcoming foyer that is at the heart of the ship, check out this 30-second-long Disney Cruise Line preview of the Grand Hall.
Cruise fans who want to make sure they don't miss all of the newest details being shared in the official Once Upon a Disney Wish reveal can sign up in advance with Disney to reserve a spot to view the presentation.
Labels: cruise ship, Disney, Disney cruise, Disney Cruise Line, Disney Wish, Ray Keating, Walt Disney Company
Walt Disney: Classic Entrepreneur
Daily Dose of Disney with Ray Keating – Episode #15: Walt Disney on Seizing Opportunities to Improve – Ray Keating sees Walt Disney as a classic entrepreneur, trying to figure out better ways to get things done.
Labels: Daily Dose of Disney, Daily Dose of Disney with Ray Keating, entrepreneur, entrepreneurship, inquisitive, Ray Keating, Walt Disney
Walt, Roy, Strengths and Weaknesses
Daily Dose of Disney with Ray Keating – Episode #14: A Lesson from Walt and Roy Disney – Ray Keating sees that Walt and Roy worked as partners, each bringing different strengths to the House of Mouse.
Labels: Daily Dose of Disney, Daily Dose of Disney with Ray Keating, Disney, partnerships, Ray Keating, Roy Disney, Walt Disney, Walt Disney Company
Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Turns 30!
News/Review
One of my favorite restaurants and experiences in Walt Disney World turns 30 years old today. The Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant opened on April 20, 1991.
In September 2019, I penned a DisneyBizJournal piece titled "7 Reasons Hollywood Studios Ranks Best Among Walt Disney World Parks." One of those reasons was the Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant. And what I wrote then definitely still holds: "It's hard to think of many better ways to celebrate Hollywood than coming in from the Florida heat and humidity, sitting down in a replica convertible at a car hop, watching old sci-fi movies on a huge screen under an evening sky, and enjoying some solid food, including excellent burgers and shakes. I always love going to the Sci-Fi Dine-In, but for some reason I failed to stop in on my latest visit. What the heck was I thinking?"
Indeed, what was I thinking? Not only is the experience – in terms of theming, atmosphere, cast members, and entertainment – what I would expect from visiting a Disney park, but the food also fits and is quite tasty … usually. Over the years, the menu has varied, as I vaguely recall a time when it seemed to veer off course a bit. But it was right back on track during recent visits. (See the menu here.)
And for me, it's always about a burger at Sci-Fi, namely, the Drive-in BBQ Burger featuring house-made BBQ sauce, bacon, and cheddar cheese, along with an onion ring and fried banana pepper, on a brioche bun. And I'll take a vanilla or chocolate shake.
And all the time, you get to watch clips and trailers from 1950s sci-fi B-movies on a massive drive-in screen. And yes, I try to spot clips from some movies that I admit to having actually watched in my home.
Happy birthday, Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant, an experience that I enjoy each time I park in one of those convertibles.
Keating has two new books out. Vatican Shadows: A Pastor Stephen Grant Novel is the 13th thriller/mystery in the Pastor Stephen Grant series. Get the paperback or Kindle edition at Amazon, or signed books at www.raykeatingonline.com. Past Lives: A Pastor Stephen Grant Short Story is the 14th book in the series. Get the paperback or Kindle edition at Amazon, or signed book at www.raykeatingonline.com. And pre-order the 15th book in the series What's Lost? A Pastor Stephen Grant Short Story.
Labels: Hollywood Studios, Ray Keating, Sci-Fi Dine-In, Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant, Sci-Fi Dine-In turns 30, Walt Disney World
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And again we got photo's from our friends out there of the new MAN. This time not only the outside, but also the first glimpse of the interior. We see an electronic handbrake and that makes it possible to get rid of the console on the floor. There is now space for two drawers with a fridge, and storage space. Also we see a new lever for operating the transmission. That is now done with a stalk on the steering column, like most brands. Further we see a new steering wheel and a complete new digital dashboard for the next MAN.
The espectation is that MAN will launch the next generation in 2019.


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School of Health and Related Research
Postgraduate home
Free online courses (MOOCs)
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Faculty Graduate School
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How we supervise
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How to apply for a PhD
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Knowledge into Action
Measuring and Valuing Health
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Pedagogical Research
Rehabilitation and Assistive Technology
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Centre for Assistive Technology and Connected Healthcare
Centre for Urgent and Emergency Care
Clinical Trials Research Unit
Policy Research Unit in Economic Methods of Evaluation in Health & Social Care Interventions
Health Data Research UK (HDRUK)
Health Services and Delivery Research
Medical Care Research Unit
Medical Statistics Group
NICE Decision Support Unit
NIHR Public Health Review Team
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NIHR School of Public Health Research
ScHARR Outcomes
ScHARR Technology Assessment Group
Sheffield Alcohol Research Group
PROMs 2021
School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR)
Since the School of Health and Related Research's inception in 1994 health economists and mathematical modellers have been working together to produce cost effectiveness analyses for local and national health care decision making bodies.
Within our economic evaluation portfolio we undertake both prospective evaluations alongside trials and model-based evaluations based on existing evidence. We are involved in over 50 economic evaluations every year, ranging from small study evaluations through to programmes of research and randomised controlled trials lasting several years. In addition to these current evaluations, we are world-leaders in the development of cutting-edge research methods that are shaping the way that evaluations will be undertaken in the future.
Evaluations alongside prospective studies
The economists within ScHARR work with colleagues and collaborate with other universities to assess the cost-effectiveness of interventions that are being evaluated by prospective evaluations. These studies may be randomised controlled trials, other controlled evaluations, interrupted time-series or single-arm studies. Much of this work is concentrated around ScHARR's CTRU, CURE and MCRU.
Model-based evaluations
The modellers within ScHARR work in tandem with clinicians, information scientists, reviewers and statisticians to assess cost-effectiveness using existing evidence. This work is principally undertaken as stand-along studies, but can also take place in tandem with the prospective evaluations described previously. Much of this work is concentrated around ScHARR TAG, SARG, NICE DSU and EEPRU.
Alongside the large volume of applied work, members of Health Economics and Decision Science (HEDS) have produced a steady stream of papers on the role of modelling, the methods of modelling and quality assurance in modelling.
HEDS Discussion Papers
This series is intended to promote discussion papers in progress. The Views expressed are those of the authors, and therefore should not be quoted without their permission. However, comments are welcome and we ask that they be sent directly to the corresponding author.
Analysis of uncertainty in cost effectiveness modelling
Since the establishment of CHEBS, a joint research centre between ScHARR and the Department of Probability and Statistics at the University of Sheffield, HEDS has been increasingly active in research on the analysis of uncertainty in cost effectiveness modelling. Recent relevant publications are listed below.
Profs. John Brazier and Ron Akehurst were members of the Working Party that produced the most recent NICE Guide to the Methods of Technology Appraisal – a document which mandated probabilistic sensitivity analysis in cost effectiveness analyses submitted to the NICE Appraisal Programme.
Relevant publications:
O'Hagan, A., Stevenson, M. and Madan, J. (2005). Monte Carlo probabilistic sensitivity analysis for patient level simulation models. Research Report No. 561/05, Department of Probability and Statistics, University of Sheffield. Submitted to Health Economics.
Brennan, A. and Kharroubi, S. A. (2005). Efficient Computation of Partial Expected Value of Sample Information Using Bayesian Approximation. Research Report No. 560/05, Department of Probability and Statistics, University of Sheffield. Submitted to Journal of Health Economics.
Brennan, A., Kharroubi, S. A., Chilcott, J. and O'Hagan, A. (2005). A two level Monte Carlo approach to calculating expected value of perfect information:- Resolution of the uncertainty in methods. Submitted to Medical Decision Making.
Claxton K. Sculpher M. McCabe C. Briggs A. Buxton M. Brazier J. Akehurst R. O'Hagan A. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis for NICE Technology Assessment: Not an Optional Extra. Health Economics 2005;14(4):339-348
O´Hagan A, McCabe C, Akehurst R, Brennan A, Briggs A, Claxton K, Fenwick E, Fryback D, Sculpher M, Spiegelhalter D, and Willan A. (2005). Incorporation of uncertainty in health economic modelling studies. PharmacoEconomics 23 (6): 529-536
Tappenden P, Chilcott JB, Eggington S, Oakley J, McCabe C, Methods for expected value of information analysis in complex health economic models: development on the health economic of interferon-beta and glatiramer acetate for multiple sclerosis. Health Technology Assessment 2004;8(27)
Bayesian evidence synthesis
Evidence synthesis involves the development of techniques to combine multiple sources of quantitative evidence. In health technology assessment, meta-analysis is a well-established body of techniques for combining evidence from high-quality trials.
Recently, a number of researchers have been developing methods, grounded in Bayesian statistical theory, to complement and enhance conventional meta-analysis. These methods provide ways of tackling many of the challenges that arise in evidence synthesis, such as heterogeneity, indirect comparisons and baseline risk effects. By explicitly including study quality in the synthesis, these methods are able to draw on a broad evidence base to support decision-making.
Bayesian evidence synthesis is an area of growing interest for HEDS through its link with CHEBS (the Centre for Health Economics and Bayesian Statistics). Current work in this area includes:
An investigation of modelling methods for integrating routine and trial data in the evaluation of cancer screening programmes (this work is being carried out by Jason Madan for his PhD, funded by a Researcher Development Award from the Department of Health).
A meta-regression of treatments for Rheumatoid Arthritis (with Dr. Richard Nixon of the MRC Biostatistics Unit).
HEDS also has strong research interests in Expected Value of Information analysis (see CHEBS research page), and Expert Elicitation (BEEP), both of which are related to Bayesian evidence synthesis.
Treatment switching and causal inference in economic evaluation
In randomised controlled trials of new cancer treatments, patients randomised to the control group often switch onto the experimental treatment during trial follow-up, usually after disease progression. But to inform policy, we need to know what would have happened if no control group patients had access to the experimental treatment.
Several statistical methods exist that can be used to adjust for treatment switching to estimate counterfactual outcomes. These methods originated in the causal inference literature. Each method makes important assumptions and will not always be appropriate. Dr Nick Latimer has completed NIHR Doctoral and Post-doctoral Fellowships on this topic, and is currently working on a Senior Fellowship funded by Yorkshire Cancer Research building on this work. He has developed methods, investigated their performance, and written methodological guidance for decision-makers in this area. He teaches on this topic on the Further Statistical Methods for Health Economic Analysis module on the Health Economics and Decision Modelling MSc and together with colleagues in ScHARR has undertaken several applied adjustment analyses for pharmaceutical companies.
Adjustment methods originated in the causal inference literature and were designed primarily to permit the estimation of comparative effectiveness in observational (or real world) data. Investigating the use of these methods for estimating the real world comparative effectiveness of cancer treatments used in the NHS using cancer registry datasets forms part of Dr Latimer's current research.
Identifying evidence to inform the development of decision-analytic models
Funding: Department of Health Personal Award Scheme
Award Holder: Suzy Paisley
Dates: 2003-2008 (part-time)
To develop a systematic approach to searching for evidence to inform the development of decision-analytic models.
A key element of systematic reviews and decision-analytic modelling is the process of identifying appropriate evidence in order to reduce bias and uncertainty in the assessment of effectiveness.
Methodological standards for undertaking systematic reviews provide guidance, underpinned by empirical research, on how to search for evidence. Whilst the approach to searching to inform models should be very different from that for systematic reviews, equivalent evidence-based search guidance has not been developed.
Existing good practice guidelines for modelling and for health technology assessment (HTA) stress the importance of incorporating appropriate data. However, guidance on the actual process of data identification is limited to only a few guidelines. Moreover, where this guidance is made explicit, it is brief to the point of being inoperable.
The development of effective search standards for decision-analytic models would bridge a gap in the current methodological guidance. As a consequence the rigour and transparency of assessments used in policy decision-making would be improved.
The aim of this project is to define the requirements of a systematic approach which would allow the planning, execution, management and recording of searches to support decision-analytic models.
Phase one: Understanding search processes
Participant observation of a heath technology assessment project. The aims of phase one are to assess how and what evidence is used in the model development process and to establish how the model development process might impact on the approach to searching.
Phase two: Developing the search approach
Development of a systematic approach to searching based on the findings of phase one. The process of development includes consideration of how the effectiveness of the search approach should be evaluated. The feasibility of the systematic search approach is evaluated in a second health technology assessment project.
Phase three: Evaluating the search approach
Where phase two focuses on evaluation in terms of process or workability, evaluation of the search approach in phase three focuses on outcome measures including sensitivity, efficiency and reproducibility.
A presentation on the background to this project was given at two day meeting of the Consensus Working Group on the Use of Evidence in Economic Decision Models. The meeting was funded by the MRC HSRC Workshop Awards Scheme
For further information on this project please contact the award holder, Suzy Paisley.
VTE in Pregnancy
Estimating the value of future research to improve guidelines on thromboprophylaxis for women during pregnancy and after delivery.
What is the value of undertaking a study to determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of risk stratification tools for the prediction of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and appropriate provision of thromboprophylaxis for women in pregnancy and after delivery?
Pharmacological prophylaxis to prevent VTE is currently recommended for women who are deemed to be at high risk of VTE during pregnancy or in the 6 weeks after delivery. The decision to provide prophylaxis involves weighing the benefits, harms and costs, which will vary according to the individual's VTE risk. It is unclear whether the current risk stratification approach could be improved by further research.
The aim of the research project is to determine whether further primary research is worthwhile to inform NHS practice on the use of risk stratification tools for the prediction of VTE and appropriate provision of thromboprophylaxis for women in pregnancy and in the puerperium. The specific objectives will be;
1) To estimate the expected costs, health benefits (quality-adjusted life-years) and incremental net monetary benefit of providing thromboprophylaxis using current and alternative risk stratification tools and to quantify the uncertainty around those estimates, given current evidence
2) To determine which factors are the most important drivers of uncertainty when trying to determine the optimal risk-based thromboprophylaxis strategy in this population
3) To identify one or more potential future studies to gather additional evidence that would reduce the current decision uncertainty, whilst being feasible and acceptable to patients and clinicians.
4) To evaluate the value of the potential future research studies in terms of the net health benefits to patients and the cost of the research.
A decision analytic model will be developed which will be informed by reviews of the existing literature. This model will be used to determine which factors are the most important drivers of uncertainty using expected value of perfect information analysis. Qualitative research, in the form of workshops with patients and a survey of clinicians, will then be undertaken to identify one or more potential future studies that could be conducted to gather additional evidence to reduce the current decision uncertainty. Expected value of sample information analysis will then be used to evaluate the value of the potential future research studies in terms of the net health benefits to patients and the cost of the research.
Timelines for delivery
The project will take place over 15 months with cost-effectiveness modelling (including rapid reviews of parameters) and expected value of perfect information analysis in months 1 to 7, qualitative work to inform potential study designs in months 8 to 10, expected value of sample information analysis in months 11 to 12 and write up and dissemination in months 13 to 15.
Anticipated impact and dissemination
We anticipate that this project will inform the funding of future research studies and may also inform clinical guideline updates. We will share our findings and research recommendations with UK research funders and guideline developers. We will also disseminate professional and plain language summaries to relevant clinical, public and patient representative organisations so they are able to make an evidence-based case for further research or changes to current clinical practice.
Workshop participants information page
PI: Sarah Davis
NIHR funding and awards
Other research themes
Centre for Bayesian Statistics in Health Economics
Centre for Bayesian Statistics in Health Economics research activities
NICE Methods Guide
School of Health and Related Research's Technology Assessment Group (ScHARR-TAG)
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