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Child Custody Law
Wyoming Child Custody Guide :: Table of Contents
What Is Child Custody?
Child Custody Factors Table
Wyoming Child Custody Law Summary
How Child Custody Is Decided In Wyoming
Wyoming Child Custody Law Text
Child Custody General Information - What Is Child Custody?
Child custody is defined as the guardianship over a child, which covers both physical custody and legal custody. In a child custody dispute the court may award joint custody to both parents or sole custody to a single parent.
Child custody cases in Wyoming can be either contested and resolved by court order, or noncontested and defined in a child custody agreement between the parents. A custody agreement or order will legally determine, at minimum, the following things:
Where the child lives (physical custody)
Who is involved in making parenting decisions (legal custody)
How the visitation schedule with non-custodial parents or relatives is arranged
This page describes how a contested child custody case is handled in the Wyoming court system, and what factors are used to determine which parent gets custody.
Wyoming Custody Court Considerations Table
Statutory Factors
Childs Wishes
Joint Custody Authorized
Favor Joint Custody
Cooperative Parent
Attorney or Guardian Ad Litem For Child
After a breakup or divorce in Wyoming, couples with children must come to a child custody agreement that describes which parent the children will live with, how visitation will be scheduled, and how the non-custodial parent will pay child support.
Some of the factors considered by Wyoming in child custody cases include the child's wishes, willingness of the parent to cooperate with their partner and any history of domestic violence.
In determining the best interests of the child, the court will consider the following factors:
The quality of the relationship each child has with each parent
The ability of each parent to provide care for each child
The relative competency and fitness of each parent
Each parent's willingness to accept all responsibilities of parenting
How the parents and each child can best maintain and strengthen a relationship with each other
How the parents and each child interact and communicate with each other
The ability and willingness of each parent to allow the other to provide care without intrusion
Geographic distance between the parents' residences
The current physical and mental ability of each parent to care for each child
Any other factors the court deems necessary and relevant
In any proceeding in which the custody of a child is at issue the court cannot make a preference solely due to gender.
The court shall consider evidence of spousal/child abuse to be against the best interest of the children.
Wyoming Child Custody Factors - How Is Child Custody Decided In Wyoming?
If the parents are on amicable terms they may agree to custody terms in a parenting agreement between themselves, or via a mediator. If child custody is disputed, however, they will have to receive a child custody order from a Wyoming judge, who will attempt to make a custody decision that is in the "best interests of the child".
In the state of Wyoming, a number of factors are taken into account by the courts when determining who gets child custody. This section describes Wyoming's custody factors, considerations, and presumptions when evaluating a custody order.
Is there a set list of statutory factors for calculating child custody in the state of Wyoming?
Wyoming has a list of statutory factors that are considered by the court when determining a custody order. This list may include factors such as the child's age, the living situation of each parent, any history of abuse or neglect from either parent, etc. Although there is a statutory list of factors, consider other factors at its discretion depending on the particular circumstances of the case.
Do judges in the state of Wyoming favor joint custody?
Judges in Wyoming are authorized to order either joint or single-parent custody of a child subject to a custody dispute.
Courts in Wyoming do not have a presumption in favor joint custody orders when evaluating child custody. The judge will evaluate the specifics of the custody dispute to determine what custody arrangement is in the best interests of the child.
Do Wyoming courts encourage parents to cooperate together to raise the child?
Wyoming courts favor awarding custody to a cooperative parent who is willing to work together with the other parent regarding child visitation, scheduling, child support, and other co-parenting matters. Wyoming law favors co-parenting as being in the best interests of the child, and the courts will favor a parent willing to cooperate over a parent who attempts to alienate their child from the other parent.
Are the child's wishes considered when determining custody in the state of Wyoming?
In Wyoming, the court does consider the child's reasonable wishes when determining which parent wins custody. The judge may take the child's age, maturity, and judgement into consideration when considering the child's custody preference.
Do Wyoming courts consider domestic violence when determining custody?
Wyoming has laws that explicitly permit the consideration of domestic violence in conjunction with child custody. This may mean that domestic violence is a statutory factor in custody determinations, that the court has a presumption against custody for abusers, or that special procedural considerations are imposed in cases involving domestic violence.
Do the courts in the state of Wyoming have the right to hire an attorney or Guardian Ad Litem to represent the child?
Wyoming does not have statutory authority for appointment of a guardian ad litem or attorney for a child specifically in child custody case. This person would usually advocate for the best interest of the child.
WYO. STAT. ANN. § 20-2-201
(a) In granting a divorce, separation or annulment of a marriage or upon the establishment of paternity pursuant to W.S. 14-2-401 through 14-2-907, the court may make by decree or order any disposition of the children that appears most expedient and in the best interests of the children. In determining the best interests of the child, the court shall consider, but is not limited to, the following factors:
(i) The quality of the relationship each child has with each parent
(ii) The ability of each parent to provide adequate care for each child throughout each period of responsibility, including arranging for each child's care by others as needed
(iii) The relative competency and fitness of each parent
(iv) Each parent's willingness to accept all responsibilities of parenting, including a willingness to accept care for each child at specified times and to relinquish care to the other parent at specified times
(v) How the parents and each child can best maintain and strengthen a relationship with each other
(vi) How the parents and each child interact and communicate with each other and how such interaction and communication may be improved
(vii) The ability and willingness of each parent to allow the other to provide care without intrusion, respect the other parent's rights and responsibilities, including the right to privacy
(viii) Geographic distance between the parents' residences
(ix) The current physical and mental ability of each parent to care for each child
(x) Any other factors the court deems necessary and relevant.
(b) In any proceeding in which the custody of a child is at issue the court shall not prefer one (1) parent as a custodian solely because of gender.
(c) The court shall consider evidence of spousal abuse or child abuse as being contrary to the best interest of the children. If the court finds that family violence has occurred, the court shall make arrangements for visitation that best protects the children and the abused spouse from further harm.
(d) The court shall order custody in well defined terms to promote understanding and compliance by the parties. Custody shall be crafted to promote the best interests of the children, and may include any combination of joint, shared or sole custody.
(e) Unless otherwise ordered by the court, the noncustodial parent shall have the same right of access as the parent awarded custody to any records relating to the child of the parties, including school records, activities, teachers and teachers' conferences as well as medical and dental treatment providers and mental health records.
(f) At any time the court may require parents to attend appropriate parenting classes, including but not limited to, parenting classes to lessen the effects of divorce on children.
(g) At anytime a court is considering the custody or visitation rights of a service member, as defined by W.S. 20-2-205, the court shall comply with W.S. 20-2-205.
Source: http://www.maritallaws.com/states/wyoming/custody


Ireland is the top country by wheat yield in the world. As of 2017, wheat yield in Ireland was 101,746 hg per ha that accounts for 2.47 % of the world's wheat yield. The top 5 countries (others are New Zealand, Netherlands, Belgium, and the United Kingdom) account for 11.15 % of it. The world's total wheat yield was estimated at 4.13 million hg per ha in 2017.


Has there ever been a more opportune time to create and develop an accurate representation of single-seater racing? Hardened champions from Formula 1's killer years regularly voice their dissatisfaction at the new era of racer, lambasting them for a lack respect of the comparative safety of modern motorsport. The Playstation Generation are as much at home behind a virtual wheel as a mechanical one, with the mental dexterity to navigate an overwhelming number of buttons and more recently, even testing has reverted to simulation. Sport and simulation have undeniably grown closer since Geoff Crammond's glory years, and now finally Codemasters have created a modern interpretation to sit alongside Micro Prose's masterpiece. But it's debatedly too late in doing so.
There are a collection of new features awaiting fans of the series when the simplified menus open; the first of these you'll be introduced to is the yearly young drivers' test in Abu Dhabi. Serving as little more than an unwanted tutorial, all that's to be gained from this promising new mode is the perplexing number of achievement points for completion. The amount of potential within the concept has been sloppily overlooked. Online time trial competitions and cat set-up challenges are just a handful of ways this mode could've been expanded on simply, but results is nothing more than a time-consuming controls refresher and a cause of needless frustration.
Fortunately the new 'season challenge' and 'champions' modes compensate somewhat. The former follows a season consisting of ten 5 lap grand prix, where your key objective is to beat a pre-selected rival from the grid – do so in a best-of-three challenge and you'll be offered a contract to replace them immediately. Naturally targeting a more prominent seat will earn faster progression. It's a lighter alternative to less dedicated players who still strive for the same sense of progression that the traditional career mode provides. Champions mode is an interactive tribute to this season's six-competing World Drivers Champions on the grid, where during seven individual situations you must out-race an assigned world champion. The easy difficulty fails to generate any significant challenge, but these scenarios are genuinely refreshing and should transpire into a fully-fledged mode, as Burnout 2's 'Crash' mode did in its sequels.
Underlying all these changes is the core physics engine. F1 2011's downforce-heavy handling was a significant development from F1 2010 and caught even the most skilled players out initially. Aligning at speed is more responsive than last year, but the alterations create a light compromise between the two predecessors. Disappointingly, this makes the seventeen existing tracks significantly less challenging to relearn, although new entrants to the series will still find practise sessions essential to learn these challenging circuits. Monaco in particular remains perilous – few players will survive their first career race unscathed. The brand new Austin circuit sadly falls nearer to competent than classic, largely thanks to being far too familiar to Tilke's Bahrain and Indian circuits.
Changeable weather conditions are the most notable improvement to the handling, as grip levels are more difficult to judge, whilst localised weather can result in half dry, half damp circuits (a'la Silverstone 2011). Making the right tyre choice is far from autonomous, with the potential to make or break a race. During my legend-difficulty career, I was able to take the lead in a lowly Marussia thanks to a tactical switch to intermediate tyres, which then became unusable a mere three laps from the chequered flag. I finished that race a crushing 20th.
The change that most distinguishes F1 2012 from previous iterations is the CPU's AI. Last year's introduction of DRS and KERS created more organic racing, but now holding position to a quicker car requires tactical (but fair!) defensive driving. Even online veterans will find the AI's commitment to stealing an apex aggressive, but rarely will your race be ruined by a car's misjudgement. Single player ultimately becomes stale before your career's climax, but wheel-to-wheel racing is far more rewarding offline in direct comparison to 2010's on-rails nature. It's a welcome alternative to the typically frustrating, addictive and technically competent online mode. Codemasters have once again provided a respectable online infrastructure that's yearning for more creative use; the co-op championship will once again be passed up by all but the smallest subset of players.
In an industry dominated by marketing spiel, overselling of lacklustre products and preaching to the consumer choir, managing expectations rationally is often challenging. Depending on the player's level of experience with the series, F1 2012 is either a sincere virtual representation of the world's most technical sport in a substantial package, or a finely-tuned forward and sideways step in the reinterpretation of F1 2011. Codemasters have once again done enough to keep their heads above the law of diminishing returns for dedicate fans, whilst offering the definitive next-generation racing experience for new entrants to the series. Whether £40 is an acceptable price for a brilliantly-refined two year old game will be determined by the markets.
Now the onus is firmly placed on next year's decisive title to rekindle the excitement that's been missing since the series' return.


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BNSF GP60M No. 105 leads the Chewelah Turn southbound between Loon Lake and Clayton, Washington, on October 12, 2018. Four GP60B units and a GP50 follow No. 105, which is a former Santa Fe locomotive that was recently rebuilt and is now labeled a GP60M-3.


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Indoor games or outdoor sports - which do you enjoy the most?
During my school years, we had a house system and one day of the week was assigned for sports to each house. On that day, the sports teacher would assign a specific type of sports or games so that we got exposure to multiple such activities. I used to enjoy playing outdoor sports like throwball and basketball. I also liked only certain indoor board games like those which involved making words from alphabet tiles, as somehow playing the same type of board game such as ludo or carom was a bit boring. Table tennis and badminton, too, was quite enjoyable.
Did you enjoy any particular kind of sports activity at school? Do you still play outdoor sports in your building complex or at a local club or in a public garden? What about indoors? Do you have fun playing board games with your family or even a game of cards?
During our school time we used to get one period free two times a week for sports and games of our choice. We used to play cricket and each of us used to get 2 overs to play. It was so thrilling and enjoyable in the open fields to play cricket.
We play cards regularly in our family. I, my wife, my two sons and two daughters in law will play cards whenever we have some free time. Especially on weekends we spend a few hours in this game. Sometimes I play chess with my brother's sons.
During my high school days I used to play badminton regularly.
I used to play outdoor games like Cricket, Baseball, Football, High Jump, Long Jump, Shotput, Seven Picks in my schooling time. We used to play and enjoy Cricket even under scorching Sun. Carroms, Ludo, Snake and ladder, Business are the indoor games we used to play a lot. My family members together used to play Carroms game, especially on holidays and in leisure times. Children playing one-hour outdoor games daily is good for physical and mental health. It helps the children to relax a bit after heavy spending of time in their studies. Playing indoor games with their family members improve proper co-ordination and co-operation within the family members. I used to enjoy outdoor games mostly in my schooling time and at times even indoor games.
I'm a sports loving person. Not the one who mostly watches them on the TV, but one who actually plays them. Since my school days, I'm into playing one or the other sports. Among my favourite sports are football, cricket, table tennis and badminton. I like chess and card games too. Football and TT are my most favourite. Considering that football requires a large field and a good number of participants, I hardly get to play it anymore. So my only outdoor sports these days is restricted to playing TT. But I'm looking forward to play basketball or lawn tennis, as these games are available at the gated community where we live. I also sometimes get to organize sports events for kids during community festivals.
Patience and perseverance pays
There are certain sports which need to be played indoors and has a fan following. But indoor games are restricted to the selective audience and not the crowd. Whereas the outdoor games are played with a larger audience in attendance and the enjoyment to be in the stadium gets more satisfaction and thrill. For example, the cricket is played with whole lots o fans inside the stadium and every ball bowled and the shot is enjoyed thoroughly, And what is more encouraging is the hooting and sounds rents through the air and that kind of large enjoyment cannot be possible with indoor games arrangements.
KVRR
I like both indoor and outdoor games. In my Engineering College days, I used to play tennis and I was the captain in my fourth and final years. Now I play billiards and snooker only. I have selected tennis and billiards as they can be played at an advanced age also. I do not play tennis as I am a cardiac patient.
" Be Good and Do Good "
Free period, PT or sports were the most enjoyable class we use to have. Ours was a boy's school but very strict and active in every activity. From study to sports, dance, singing, etc, everywhere we were in the top 5 positions. We had different coaches for different activities or sports.
During my schooling days, I liked to play football, hockey, basketball and even participated in athletics(long distance), volleyball, table-tennis, badminton, carroms, chess, kabaddi, etc. Though I used to play but only liked to play football & volleyball at any time. Other games were just like participation. On Sundays, when I am at home, I go to our church ground and play with our group.
With family, it is normal indoor games like ludo, snake and ladder, UNO, KavidiKali, finding the pin, Antakshari, Dumb Charades, Kallukali or Pacheta (5 stone game), etc. These games keep us involved, relaxes and even fun to spend time with children and family. It is good to see them win or lose. It actually makes them strong and has a sportsman spirit.
Suhasini
Sports indoor or outdoor is something must, according to me. It builds character, reveals your personality. It motivates you to stay fit and healthy both physically and mentally. However, I have felt the need and importance of sports only in my late 20's as have not had much exposure during my childhood days. I think I had to equally pass the buck among my school, parents and my own interest for having not developed the habit of playing a sport during my childhood days. The prime focus went to only studies, have got the enlightenment though few years back. However, watching a sport did not take backseat and thanks to that at least since beginning of my days. Cricket and tennis had been my favourite and will definitely tag me as a cricket-fan. But, in the recent years I have developed interest towards various sports like pool, table tennis and indoor games like carrom, chess etc. and few I have mastered too. They give you a vibe of positivity and freshness for your stressful mind. Of late, Rubik's cube and sudoku tops my list.
Suhasini.R
"Stay Hungry, Stay foolish".
I like to play both.Indoor games like carrom and chess.Outdoor games like shuttle cock,throw ball,foot ball.
Indoor games helps in improving mental ability as more work is given for brain whereas outdoor games improves physical ability,for most of the sports we use our hands and legs.
Participation in both the games is important but specialise in one game.This will help to learn more skills,understand the rules better also to build a smart sportsman.
My family (Me, husband, daughter, and my son) together play shuttle on every Saturdays and Sundays. Saturday and Sunday are holidays for my children. Just playing for an exercise. I don't know the rules of shuttle play. Only my son and husband knows the rules. We play chess and card games occasionally. I like to watch football play. A lot of time is spending on watching football matches on TV
Happy to see that not only are many of you interested in indoor games and sports but have also achieved laurels in the past and some of you are actively involved in them even today. If destiny gets our paths to cross one day, we may enjoy a game of badminton, table tennis or chess!
It was interesting to see Suhasini's reference to a Rubik's cube and sudoku - something that one would not really put in the category of a game or a sport, but as a past time. I do have a Rubik's cube at home, but in all these years managed to solve it fully just once! Varghese's response took me back to my childhood days of playing 5 stones. That was not just fun, but quite competitive, with me, my sisters, and kids from the building getting together to play this.
What about the outdoor game of frisbee? Any of you love that? I used to love throwing the disc, trying to angle it just right to fly through the air to the others and with breathless excitement running & jumping up to catch it with both hands when thrown back.
DR.N.V. Sriniva... (20)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Cape St. Claire Improvement Association (CSCIA)
(Revised January 11, 2016)
Requirements for Construction on
Residential Lots in Cape Saint Claire
I. Requirements for Submission of Plans
The basis for these requirements are stated within Community Improvement Association Covenants in paragraph 2 of "Restrictions and Conditions Applying to Lots at Cape St. Claire" recorded among the Land Records of Anne Arundel County in Liber J.H.H., Liber 528, Folio 6. These restrictions will be referred to hereafter as the lot restrictions.
Paragraph 2 of the lot restrictions also state that no construction on homes, garages or other buildings, alterations or additions to the exterior of any buildings, fences or walls may be commenced until plans have been submitted to the Building and Planning Committee of the Cape St. Claire Improvement Association and its approval obtained in writing.
II. Approval Procedure and Provisions
A CSCIA Construction and Inspection Agreement in accordance with these requirements must be submitted and approved by the CSCIA. If approved by the CSCIA, it becomes a legal contract between the lot owner and the CSCIA. The properly completed Agreement, in addition to a set of required plans and other documentation must be submitted and approved by the CSCIA before any construction may occur in Cape Saint Claire. This documentation, plans, lot plats and views, and the CSCIA Construction and Inspection Agreement, will be referred to hereafter as the Building Application.
Building Applications are required for modification or additions which include but are not limited to the following – new residences, additions to existing residences, decks, screened in porches, fences, accessory structures, and pools. Replacement in kinds of exterior finishes, windows or doors does not require a Building Application. All questions regarding the requirements for submitting a Building Application should be directed to the CSCIA Building Committee Chairperson.
Building Applications should be mailed to the CSCIA Building Committee Chairperson, Cape St. Claire Improvement Association 1223 River Bay Road, Annapolis, Maryland 21409. Building Applications may also be personally delivered to the CSCIA administrative personnel during normal office hours at; 1223 River Bay Road, Annapolis, Maryland 21409. All applications must include one full size paper copy and a digital file of all drawings and specifications. Refer to the website for current digital requirements and delivery options. The Committee will normally act in two weeks on submitted Building Applications, and respond to the lot owner with its approval or disapproval. Lot owners, who have Building Applications approved, will be furnished an approval placard that must be displayed on the construction site while building is in progress. One set of plans or an excerpt selected by the Building Committee Chair, will be retained by the CSCIA for the record. At the conclusion of construction the owner shall provide a copy of the final inspection to the CSCIA to be attached to the record plans.
All properties in Cape St Claire are subject to codes and regulations of Anne Arundel County. In addition to obtaining the Committee's approval for construction, all property owners must comply with the building laws, codes and regulations of Anne Arundel County.
The property owner is responsible to the CSCIA as a member, and as per the lot restrictions on their property, to comply with all aspects of this Code, and to enter into the CSCIA Construction and Inspection Agreement with the CSCIA. An arrangement by a builder/architect to submit a Building Application to the CSCIA does not relieve the lot owner of his or her obligations. The owner must not let a builder begin any work until the owner has received approval from the CSCIA, and the approval placard to display at the construction site. It is the lot owner's responsibility to ensure that the final construction is as was submitted to the CSCIA in the Building Application approved. Any changes to the construction that deviate from any of the stipulations in this Code must be reported to the CSCIA immediately in writing for approval before such construction is begun.
Construction and grading must be completed within six months after construction has begun and started not later than six months after CSCIA approval has been granted. Construction must be complete in 12 months. Exceeding these time limits revokes the Construction and Inspection Agreement with the CSCIA, and permission to build from the CSCIA. The owner then must re-apply, and stipulate what remediation he or she is taking to ensure the work is complete in a revised timeline that must be approved by the CSCIA for construction to proceed.
III. Factors Affecting the Building and Planning Committee Decision
Cape St. Claire has long been an architecturally diverse community built on a wide range of lot shapes and sizes. In exercising its power of approval, the CSCIA's aim is to give each lot owner the widest latitude and freedom of action that is consistent with a proper regard to the interests of its neighbors and to preserve the character of the community.
Each house must meet the following standards:
It must be architecturally suitable to the site upon which it is proposed to be built;
It must be in harmony with adjacent and neighboring houses previously erected or under construction;
It must not tend to lower the character of the area, or result in the development of conditions conducive to accelerated obsolescence or a decline in property values of neighbors.
Homes of similar exterior appearance will not be approved if they are to be constructed on lots, any portion of which, are within 300 feet of each other. Factors considered in determining the difference between the exterior appearances of two homes of similar types are:
Basic dimensions and plan form;
Front elevation detail;
Type, location and number of windows;
Type, location and decorative trim of doors;
Type and color of siding;
Color, pitch and line of roof.
Based on these factors, the CSCIA Building Committee shall decide whether or not the proposed home has a similar exterior appearance to another home on a lot, any part of which is within 300 feet of the proposed building lot. Each of these factors shall evidence some difference in the exterior. No one factor or combination of factors shall necessarily constitute a home which is dissimilar in exterior appearance to another home, but all difference factors shall be weighted together.
IV. Drawings Required
The lot owner must submit, the complete working drawings and specifications from which the building is to be built and must include, as a minimum, the following:
Name, present address and phone number of the lot owner.
Name and address of general contractor.
A construction schedule compatible with the requirements of Section 2, paragraph 5.
A location plan identified by lot and plat number showing the north point, property lines, roads on which the property bounds, outline of the proposed building at its proposed location on the property, location of well, the setbacks of the building on all sides of the lot in question, distances from roadways, and outline of any existing building on the lot with proper notation as to whether it is to remain or be removed. It must show all easements, and have significant natural features identified. If the proposed building spans the available space between property boundary setbacks, a Boundary Survey should be submitted in lieu of a Location Drawing.
Building plans, including at least a foundation plan, roof plan, first floor plan and plan of each additional story in the proposed building, (minimum scale 1/8 inch – 1 foot). Plans MUST include the overall height of the building, excluding chimneys.
Elevations (views) of all four sides of the proposed building (minimum scale 1/8 inch – 1 foot). Approximate finished grade lines must show on each elevation as they pertain to the lot in question.
Overall height of the building, from average grade of the entire lot, to the highest most point in the structure excluding chimneys.
Typical wall section. (Minimum scale ½ inch – 1 foot.)
Complete specification giving quality and/or size or the materials and other pertinent information not shown on the drawings.
A topographical map of site, when required by the County.
All plans must be to scale and dimensioned. Any changes must be made in ink and initialed by the owner.
V. Setback Requirements for Principal Structure
Paragraph four of the lot restrictions in the Covenants requires a minimum setback of twenty-five (25) feet from the front boundary line, and there shall be a fifteen (15) feet setback from the rear boundary line and ten (10) feet from the side boundary lines. (If either side boundary line is along a road, the sideline setback must be fifteen (15) feet instead of the aforementioned ten (10) feet.)
In addition to paragraph one, Lots on Plats B and C, Persimmon Point, are subject to the building restriction setback requirements for all lots shown on these plats.
Regardless of the minimums set forth above, the setback from the front property line must be as consistent as possible with those of neighboring homes.
Cantilevered fireplaces, steps, and stoops shall be permitted to infringe on the side setback a maximum of three (3) feet provided they occupy less than twenty-five (25) square feet of area. Cantilevered living spaces or "Bump-Outs" of the structure are not allowed to infringe on any setback.
Any structure less than three (3) feet in height above grade may infringe on the side and rear setback requirements.
For corner lots:
Corner lot owners may elect which roadway they choose to use as the "front" of their proposed dwelling. The building must be constructed such that :
The actual "front" of the proposed structure faces the selected roadway. It shall have the driveway, "front" door, and the architectural features of the "front" side of a residential building (single family home), when compared to the other three sides.
The street address must be on the roadway that the "front' of the building faces.
Any subsequent renovation or addition must use the same roadway as the "front" unless approved by the CSCIA.
Location of a driveway, and other features associated with the "front" of a non-corner lot on the adjacent roadway may be permitted.
Consistent with Anne Arundel County regulations, at all waterfront properties the waterfront side is defined as the front yard.
VI. General Minimums
Only one-family houses are permitted (As defined by Association covenant paragraph one of the lot restrictions).
All houses must have at least two (2) bedrooms, one bath, kitchen, dining and living area, and adequate closets and utilities, including county approved water and sewage facilities.
All houses must have a minimum of one thousand two hundred (1200) square feet of floor area finished as living accommodations (exclusive of cellars, garages, carports, porches, patios, etc.).
Colonials, Cape Codes, and other two story homes (home with both stories completely above ground level) must have at least eight hundred (800) of the required one thousand two hundred (1200) square feet of finished living space on the first floor. The remainder of the required one thousand two hundred (1200) square feet of finished living space must be on the second story.
Split-levels (normally homes with living space on three levels connected by interior split stairways) must have at least one thousand (1000) of the required one thousand two hundred (1200) square feet finished living space on the basic platform. In addition, the lower level of finished living space must have adequate exterior exposure, windows similar to those on the upper levels, and an appropriate exterior finish.
Other multiple level homes (homes having two levels of finished living space, one below the other, with only partial exposure of the lower level above ground) must have at least one thousand (1000) of the required one thousand two hundred (1200) square feet of the finished living space on the basic platform. In addition, the lower level of finished living space must have adequate exterior exposure, windows similar to those on the upper level, and appropriate exterior finish and either a direct walk-in or split foyer type of entry.
Homes, whose construction differs markedly from rancher construction or the types of construction, mentioned above, will have to be considered on their individual merits until such time as they may be categorized and general requirements set forth.
Types of exterior finish: clapboard, shingle, brick, stone, or siding, is generally acceptable, depending on neighboring houses. Exterior finishes shall be compatible with community standards and approved by CSCIA.
A principal structure may not exceed 35 feet in height from the average grade of the lot constructed on, to the highest point of the structure excluding chimneys.
VII. Grading
Section II requires that final grading be completed six months after the beginning of construction and Section IV requires that approximate grade lines must be shown on the elevation of the proposed home.
In addition to these requirements, the owner must insure that final grading is accomplished in such a way that drainage problems are not created on adjacent property or roadways.
At all times during clearing, grading, and construction of any improvements, adequate protections must be made to ensure that any and all eroded or distributed soil or other material does not leave the lot boundaries, except such soil and material removed to a county approved soil and/or dumping site. The measures used to effect this provision shall be the minimum necessary to be effective.
No trees shall be cut and no excavations shall be made on the premises except for building purposes and at the time when building operations are commenced and no earth or sand shall be removed from the premises except as part of such excavations.
VIII. Garages and Accessory Structures
"Accessory structure" meaning a permanent structure larger than 100 sq. feet such as a detached garage, "portable garage", shed or similar structure that customarily is incidental and subordinate to the principal use or principal structure on the same lot as the accessory structure.
A garage is an accessory structure with a door suitable for entry by a typical four door sedan.
Accessory structures may not contain any living spaces such as a kitchen, bathroom, bedroom, or finished rooms suitable for habitation. It may not contain a separate electrical service from the main structure, cooking facilities, or fresh or waste water plumbing.
Detached garages and accessory structures must not extend beyond the front of the dwelling. They must set back at least ten (10) feet from side and ten (10) feet from rear property lines.
Detached garages must not exceed twenty (20) feet in height. Sheds or other accessory structures must not exceed fifteen (15) feet in height and have an elevated roofline. Structures less than 100 sq. feet shall be restricted to a ten (10) foot height limit.
The total square footage of all detached garages and accessory structures must not exceed the square footage of the ground level footprint of the principal structure.
Garages which are attached to, and an integral part of the principal structure, must meet all requirements of the principal structure.
Solar panels are permitted to be attached to the principal structure.
IX. Temporary Structures
Storage containers of a type normally used in industrial or commercial transportation operations shall not be construed as "buildings or sheds" and only be allowed on a temporary basis on the lot owners private property, not to exceed three months if unit is present in support of on-going construction or repair activities under a valid CSCIA Construction and Inspection Agreement.
Portable storage containers of a type normally used by self-store or moving operations shall not be construed as "buildings or sheds" and only be allowed on a temporary basis if: they are located on lot owners private property, used in conjunction with moving or self-storage operations, and present for no more than 30 days consecutive, and no more than 45 days in a 12 month period.
Dumpster and trash containers shall not be construed as "buildings or sheds" and only be allowed on a temporary basis if: they are located on the lot owners private property, and present for no more than 30 days consecutive, and no more than 45 days in a 12 month period; unless unit is present in support of on-going construction or repair activities under a CSCIA Construction and Inspection Agreement in which case it may be present for the agreement period if in active use.
Any other portable storage, prefabricated garages and sheds, or temporary structures of any sort are considered Garages and Accessory Structures under Section IV of this Code. They must meet all requirements of this Code, and have been granted an approved CSCIA Construction and Inspection Agreement prior to placement on the owner's property.
X. Fences
Fences must be located on or within the lot owner's property line. The "best side" of the fence must face out (i.e., toward the property line), with supporting posts on the inside of the fence.
Fences should be structurally sound; in harmony with existing surroundings; and must not tend to lower the character of the area.
Fences located in the front of the dwelling (adjacent to the road with respect to waterfront lots) may not exceed 48 inches in height. Other fences shall not exceed 72 inches in height.
Due consideration must be given to providing adjacent property owner sufficiently clear field of vision to enable safe vehicle egress from their property. Fences erected next to sidewalks must be set 2 feet back from sidewalk surface.
Fences erected adjacent to roadways must be:
Set back 3 feet minimum from the roadway surface for fences less than 48 inches
Set back 6 feet minimum from the roadway surface if over 48 inches.
Must not be located for a clear 15 foot radius from a roadway corner. A limited exception to 10 feet may be made for transparent (wire mesh or chain link type fence) fencing.
Kennels and animal runs must be setback twenty-five (25) feet from all property lines. They must be located to the rear of the main dwelling and no closer than fifty (50) feet from dwellings on adjacent properties.
Fences are required for protection around pools as per the Anne Arundel County Code.
XI. Variance Procedure
Building Applications that do not meet the requirements in this Building Code, and when requested by the lot owners, may be considered by the CSCIA Board of Governors for the purpose of determining whether a variance should be issued.
Variance will only be granted after the lot owner shows that practical difficulties or unnecessary hardships prevent carrying out the strict letter of the Building Code requirements, provided that the spirit of the Code shall be observed, public safety secured, and hardship or property depreciation is not incurred by neighbors. Variances may only be granted after determining:
That because of certain unique physical conditions, such as irregularity, narrowness, shallowness of lot size and shape, or exceptional topographical conditions peculiar to an inherent in the particular lot, there is no reasonable possibility of developing the lot in strict conformance with the requirements of the Building Code;
That because of exceptional circumstances other than financial considerations, the grant of a variance is necessary to avoid practical difficulties or unnecessary hardship not caused by the lot owner and to enable the lot owner to develop such a lot;
That some temporary circumstance exists requiring deviation from the requirements of this code. Such relief, if granted, shall be temporary, and require owner remediation upon the expiration of a period of time or other condition set by the Board. In any case, owner remediation will be required upon transfer of ownership of the lot.
A property owner may petition for a variance by submitting the Building Application, and an explanation of circumstances to the Chair of the Building Committee for consideration by the Board of Governors. The property owners will be notified of the date and time of the meeting when the application will be considered, so that they may be present if they wish.
The Chair of the Building Committee will present the application, and his/her opinion based on investigation and experience. The property owners will have an opportunity to state their case in person before the Board of Governors vote.A variance may not be granted unless it is found by the Board of Governors:
That the variance is the minimum variance necessary to afford relief;
That the granting of the variance will not:
Alter the essential character of the neighborhood in which the lot is located;
Substantially impair the appropriate use or development of adjacent properties;
Be detrimental to the public welfare; and
The vote will be held in closed session. A written copy of the decision will be forwarded to the property owner and noted on the application.
The Cape St. Claire Improvement Association will not endorse any project that exceeds the maximum allowable lot coverage permitted under the Anne Arundel County Planning and Zoning Office regardless of the project's conformity to the Association's Building Code.
XII. Violations and Enforcement
The CSCIA will vigorously enforce lot restrictions, and the requirements of section I. This will include utilizing the Inspection rights granted in the Construction and Inspection Agreement. Any violation of that agreement will result in a lien on the property in question until matter is resolved, as well as any other legal remedies at CSCIA discretion.
The CSCIA will consider construction without a CSCIA Construction and Inspection Agreement, whenever discovered, to be a violation of the lot restrictions. The property owner will be given 30 days to obtain a valid CSCIA Construction and Inspection Agreement. If the construction does not meet the requirements of the Building Code, a Variance process under Chapter 3 of the Building Code will be initiated by the CSCIA Building Committee Chair. Upon completion of the Variance procedure by the Board of Governors their decision may:
Grant the property owner permission to build and/or finish what unauthorized construction that had been started without CSCIA approval.
Require the property owner to modify their unauthorized construction to meet requirements of this Building Code.
Require the property owners remove the unauthorized construction and return the lot to its pre-construction state.
In the case of non-compliance with the Board of Governors decision a lien on the property in question will be made until the matter is resolved, as well as any other legal remedies at CSCIA discretion.
Any Lot Owner with an unresolved Building Code violation will not be allowed any privileges of membership in the CSCIA. This will include, but is not limited to: clubhouse rental, boat slip rental, beaches and parks access and use.
XIII. Summary of Required Setbacks, Heights and Other Restrictions:
Principal Structure:
25 feet from the front boundary line.
15 feet from the rear boundary line.
10 feet from side boundary lines.
15 feet from side boundary line if either side is along a road.
Cantilevered fireplaces, steps and stoops may be permitted to infringe on the side setback provided they occupy less than 25 SF of area.
Shall not exceed 35 feet in height.
Detached Garage:
10 feet from side boundary line.
Shall not extend beyond the front of the principal structure.
Sheds and other Accessory Structures 100 Square Feet or Larger:
10 feet from rear boundary line.
Sheds and other Accessory Structures less than 100 Square Feet:.
Fences:
Front fences shall not exceed 48 inches in height. (Adjacent to the road with respect to waterfront lots.)
Other fences shall not exceed 72 inches in height.
Fences erected adjacent to roadways:
Set back 3 feet from the road surface for fences of 48 inches or less.
Set back 6 feet from the road surface if fence is over 48 inches.
XIV. Appendix of Definitions
GRADE.
The finished ground level adjoining the building at all exterior walls.
GRADE PLANE.
A reference plane representing the average of the finished ground level adjoining the building at all exterior walls. Where the finished ground level slopes away from the exterior walls, the reference plane shall be established by the lowest points within the area between the building and the lot line or, where the lot line is more than 6 feet (1829 mm) from the building between the structure and a point 6 feet (1829 mm) from the building
HEIGHT BUILDING.
The vertical distance from grade plane to the average height of the highest roof surface.
Need a downloadable copy? You can get that here.


Security Tokens Exchange is any cryptocurrency exchange which allows trading security tokens. Due to the special legal requirements and the legal complexity of adding such assets, not all crypto exchanges can become a security token exchange.
A cryptocurrency exchange is a digital market where traders can buy and sell bitcoins and altcoins at market rates. Crypto Exchange is an online platform that acts as an intermediary between buyers and sellers of cryptocurrency.


In a move that is sure to make Australian pay TV and streaming services happy, the Federal Court has ruled that internet service providers (ISPs) are required to block a number of popular copyright-infringing websites — and they have to do so before January 9, 2017.
At the top of the hit-list is well known torrent site The Pirate Bay, and sitting guilty alongside it is TorrentHound, IsoHunt, Torrentz and SolarMovie, the first four being targeted by pay TV powerhouse Foxtel and the last brought to the court's attention by Australian media company Village Roadshow.
The ISPs are tasked with taking "reasonable steps to disable access" to the offending sites, but the particular method of blocking isn't specified. There will be a warning page for people who continue trying to visit these sites, however no penalty for doing so has been discussed.
The onus of paying for any site blocking and maintenance has been ruled to fall on the rights-holders themselves, with the ISP's cost estimates ranging from $1,500 to $12,500.
It's evident that the ruling isn't a rolling injunction, meaning that if any new websites were to be added to the judgement, they would need to be separately filed by either Foxtel or Village Roadshow.
Regardless of how successful this particular blocking attempt may be, the ruling is a step towards an anti-piracy environment in Australia that could lead to further legislation down the line. Foxtel chief-executive Peter Tonagh saw this judgement as a "major step in both directly combating piracy and educating the public that accessing content through these sites is not OK, in fact it is theft".


If the first visit to Springwood astonishes, the second visit invites you to investigate all that has changed. It may be as subtle as a new fountain, a previously unnoticed wood carving, or the new, calming sounds of water flowing over quarried stone into the new island pond.
However frequently you visit, even if there are no structural changes apparent, you will always enjoy the natural changes gracing Springwood from day to day, month to month, and season to season.
Be sure to ask one of our event coordinators if there are modifications or additions planned. Here we attempt to preview recent changes.
During 2012/2013, a major change occurred on the Springwood grounds. This project, planned originally to divert water that was naturally flowing off the hill above, has resulted in three ponds, a stone-lined stream with large boulders moved from various spots on the property, and a two major waterfalls (one of which has a 55' drop). The waterfall is the end of a magnificient water flow, with photo opportunities galore. This location--The Villa at Springwood--is a separately contracted space and provides a number of new Wedding Ceremony Sites (with rain plan) and an additional Reception Site for less than 100 guests. Or it provides a more casual space for rehearsal dinners, brunches, and other poolside events. [More than 100 guests are possible with the rental of an additional tent.] The most recent addition is a fantastic COVERED BRIDGE at the top of the falls as well as a new building (next to the tented patio) containing 4 guest restrooms, a bar, and prep kitchen for our chef.
Click on the photos below to see more of The Villa OR go back to THE MANOR.


text:
Man suspected of arson in Hermosa Beach fire cleared; another man arrested
Embers swirl as firefighters battle a blaze that engulfed a home in Hermosa Beach and damaged four others early Thursday.
(Kyle Simpson)
By Javier Panzar ,
Hermosa Beach police have cleared a man they arrested Thursday on suspicion of arson and arrested a new suspect in connection with a blaze that destroyed a beachfront house and damaged four others.
Police said the man they arrested Thursday, Michael Christopher Kotva, was not responsible for the fire and was released without charges. Police initially identified Kotva based on witnesses who described seeing a man matching his description walk out of the structure just as the fire ignited.
But when police officers reviewed surveillance video from the scene of the fire, they "immediately recognized the arson suspect as Keith Yessner," a man who had had previous contacts with Hermosa Beach police, Sgt. Mick Gaglia said.
Police searched the area, found Yessner near Beach Drive and 16th Court and arrested him late Thursday without incident.
Authorities believe the fire started about 2 a.m. Thursday near 8th Street and Hermosa Avenue, chewing through the wooden frame of a three-story under-construction house and four others packed along the beachfront path known as the Strand.
Witnesses described a small fire that quickly exploded into an inferno. Fire officials called it a "massive fireball" that was fueled in part by the piles of lumber on the property.
It took about 75 firefighters about an hour to knock down the flames. One firefighter was taken to a hospital for minor injuries.
Javier Panzar
LAUSD after-school program supervisor charged with molesting four students
A supervisor at a Los Angeles Unified School District after-school program pleaded not guilty Thursday to charges he sexually assaulted four boys at a Gardena elementary school over the last year, prosecutors said.
Irvine man who sold drugs over the darknet sentenced to 10 years in prison
A 29-year-old Irvine man was sentenced this week to 10 years in federal prison for selling narcotics on a darkweb marketplace where he was listed as a top vendor, federal prosecutors said.
Man sentenced to 32 years for Westside sexual assaults
A 35-year-old man has been sentenced to 32 years to life in state prison for sexually attacking four women across the Westside in 2016, including two attacks near the beach in Santa Monica, the Los Angeles County district attorney's office said Thursday.
Driver arrested, charged with manslaughter in death of disabled man in sweltering car
A 25-year-old West Covina man was charged with involuntary manslaughter and elder abuse in the death of a 51-year-old man with an intellectual disability who was left inside a car last summer, according to court records.


text:
Straight Talk: David B. Wolfe's Ageless Approach to Marketing
Development-relationship marketing expert David B. Wolfe has worked extensively with clients such as American Express, AT&T, Coca-Cola, Marriott and Prudential Securities, fostering the idea of "ageless marketing." He now draws on his robust career to offer a new book, "Ageless Marketing: Strategies for Reaching the Hearts & Minds of the New Customer Majority" (with Robert E. Snyder, Dearborn, $25). He paused briefly from consulting clients about the new customer majority to reflect on optimum copy and creative strategies, the disconnect between today's companies and the mature market, and how a Harry & David catalog arrived just in time.
PB: From your perspective, how responsive is the aging boomer market to direct-response media? What medium do you find to be the most effective?
DW: It's less a question of how responsive are aging boomers to direct-response media than what it takes to get them to respond in the first place. Messages must be relevant to their needs but also [to] their values. Most marketing is biased toward youthful values that don't ring many aging boomers' bells. But, at the same time, it's critical to not stigmatize a product by indicating it's for a particular age group. As to what the most direct-response medium is, I'd have to say the Internet because of how deeply its interactive nature can pull a customer into a site when the site is well-designed and managed.
PB: What are some basic copy and creative approaches that have proved effective when targeting the mature market?
DW: Great question. It's a great question because few marketers really understand the differences between how people in the second half of life—40 and older—and people in the first half of life mentally process information; whether it's in an ad, a sales conversation, or wherever. Second-half minds use less reason and logic in making decisions. This is not a theory. It shows up in hard-core research. The older mind depends more on emotions or feelings. Storytelling is a great way to do this. [Stories] are usually more effective in older markets than didactic declarations of a product's features and benefits. People in second-half markets don't want to be directly told what's best for them. But they can be influenced by stories that project values they relate to.
PB: How have the aging boomer market's core values and beliefs affected the way marketers craft their appeals?
DW: I once read that infants teach their mothers how to tend to their needs. Consumers do the same thing for marketers. When youth ruled the marketplace, youth showed marketers the way to success. But that's changed now. The majority of adults consists of people 40 and older. This has resulted in a sea change in the lifestyle values that dominate consumer behavior. For instance, by now every consumer trends-spotter has reported that today's consumers don't seem to be as materialistic as they were in, say, the "Greedy 1980s" when yuppies dominated much of the marketplace. Consumers are reflecting a stronger bias toward experiential aspirations than toward materialistic aspirations. This has prompted marketers to put less focus on product features and functional benefits, and more focus on the customer experience.
PB: In your estimation, what is the most prevalent disconnect between marketers and the mature market?
DW: The most prevalent disconnect is the failure to recognize that a 57-year-old boomer is not simply a 30-year-older version of her 27-year-old self. Her 27-year-old self had heroic, romantic images of her future, was strongly focused on social networking in pursuit of career and personal objectives, keying much of her behavior to what her peers were doing, and into getting "things" on a major scale. At 57, she's more introspective (peers have less influence on her buying decisions), more individuated (she's less like her peers, which makes her behavior more difficult to predict), and she's more autonomous (more resistant to marketing approaches that she agreeably responded to when she was 27).
PB: What is the last piece of direct mail you responded to, and why?
DW: A Harry & David catalog, probably because it arrived on the very day I wanted to send out thank-you gifts to two wonderful people. Otherwise, I might have gone to Amazon.com, which I often use because it offers consumer reviews—which often influence my buying decision.
David B. Wolfe
Paul Barbagallo


text:
What's up with… KDDI, Fujitsu, SoftBank, Altice Europe
By TelecomTV Staff
KDDI turns to Fujitsu for Open RAN radios
SoftBank takes a slice of Sinch
Altice Europe's ownership battle
More Open RAN action in Japan, the latest M&A action involving SoftBank and the lates in the Altice Europe buyout plan are at the front of today's news queue.
Japanese operator KDDI has selected Fujitsu's Open RAN-ready radio units for deployment in the parts of its 5G network that are built using disaggregated network elements. Fujitsu says the radio units come with an open fronthaul interface, conforming to O-RAN Alliance specification, for communication between the remote radio unit (RRU) and the virtualized base station elements (central unit/distributed unit). KDDI has also been working with Samsung Networks on the development of its next generation mobile broadband network architecture, with the ability to offer network slicing services key to its tests and trials. See this press release for more details. Japan, of course, is a hotbed of Open RAN activity, with grteenfield operator Rakuten Mobile having adopted the architecture for its 5G rollout and NTT DOCOMO having adopted an open, multivendor deployment strategy for its 4G and 5G networks.
SoftBank has invested $700 million to take a 10% stake in Sinch, which operates a cloud-based communications services system that is used by companies via a platform-as-a-service (PaaS) model. The stake comprises stock sold to SoftBank by existing shareholders and a tranche of newly-issued shares from which Sinch will raise 3.3 billion Swedish Krona (US$387 million). Sinch says those proceeds "will support Sinch's active M&A strategy, which has already seen it acquire four companies this year." Those acquisitions were: SAP Digital Interconnect for €225 million; Wavy in a deal valued at SEk 1.19 billion ($139 million); Chatlayer BV for €6.9 million; and India's ACL Mobile Ltd. for SEK 655 million ($77 million).
French billionaire Patrick Drahi's plan to take full control of Altice Europe and take it private in a buyout offer to other stakeholders worth €2.5 billion has met with resistance from Lucerne Capital Management, an Altice Europe investor that claims the buyout move is "unlawful" as well as making other accusations about "egregious corporate governance incidents" and more. Drahi may need to dig deeper if he wants to gain control, as his initial offer was for €4.11 per share but the stock has now shot up to €4.48. See this press release for more details.
Colt has bolstered its SD-WAN offering, now dubbed SD Wan 2.0, with a "WAN optimisation suite, advanced firewall enhancement, enhanced network insights, and an optional Self-Install CPE capability." See this announcement for more details.
The Global mobile Suppliers Association (GSA) has announced the initial Founding Partners and Members of the new GSA 4G-5G Fixed Wireless Access Forum. Twenty three vendors including Casa Systems, Ericsson, Huawei, Nokia, Quectel and Sequans, have been announced as Founding Partners and Members. The GSA is in a good position to see a segment like FWA forming - it says there are already 423 4G FWA networks globally and, of the 120+ operators that have announced 5G launches, 44 have launched residential or business 5G FWA broadband services. GSA has now identified over 1,500 LTE FWA devices, with over 822 added so far this year. The latest 4G and 5G FWA data was published by GSA in its latest report Fixed Wireless Access – Global Status Update and shared with the FWA community in its recent GSA Snapshot Webinar, a recording of which is available on-demand here. A copy of the full report is available for download from this link.
The EU is developing a new common data platform for logistics within the European FEderated Network of Information eXchange in Logistics (FENIX) project, with Deutsche Telekom's Data Intelligence Hub as its IT foundation. The network "links all logistics partners within the EU and connects supply chains, flows of goods and modes of transport, minimizing bottlenecks in the logistical supply of EU Member States," notes DT in this press release.
Ericsson has landed deals for its cloud native standalone 5G core platform and BSS systems at Greek operator WIND Hellas. See this announcement for more details.
Nokia and AT&T have extended their agreement to support global enterprise customers with IoT connectivity using the vendor's WING (Worldwide IoT Network Grid) solution and IoT ecosystem. For more details, see this press release.
As expected, Ajit Pai, the current Chairman of US regulator the FCC, has announced he will step down as the Trump administration, which appointed him in 2017, hands over the keys to US government to Team Biden on 20 January next year. Pai has been an enthusiastic and vocal head of the FCC, rarely far from the headlines over issues such as spectrum auctions, broadband funding, net neutrality (still the subject of an ongoing battle), M&A (seeing the T-Mobile/Sprint merger through despite vocal opposition from many states) and, of course, the battle to rid the US telecoms market of companies deemed to be a national security threat, a process that ultimately led to fervent support for the Open RAN brigade. Love him or loathe him, Pai will be missed. Read more.
Still in the US… Dish Network, which is building a greenfield Open RAN-enabled 5G network (to add a new competitor to the national market), has struck deals with four fibre transport network operators (Everstream, Segra, Uniti and Zayo) that will provide it with the backhaul and fronthaul capacity it needs to reach 60 million US citizens. For more details, see this announcement.
As the UK government imposes ever stricter conditions on the continued use of Huawei technology by network operators, Three UK, which had been set to roll out its entire 5G network with gear from the Chinese vendor, has announced the launch of 5G services in various UK cities and towns using radio access network gear from Ericsson, which is also providing the technology to update Three UK's 4G network. See this press release for more details.
It's a 5G frenzy in France, as the major service providers all jostle for pre-Christmas device sales and service upgrades: SFR launched its first 5G service on 20th November in Nice and now says it is expanding its service to 120 municipalitiesduring December; Orange had already announced its plans to launch services in 15 major markets on 3 December; and now Bouygues Telecom has announced the availability of its 5G services in 20 "major French towns and cities." Iliad, which offers its services under the brand Free, has yet to detail its 5G service launch.
BCE (Bell Canada) is patting itself on the back following a report from Canada's CCTS (Commission for Complaints for Telecom-television Services) noting that "complaints received from Bell customers declined more than 35% and the company's overall share of complaints was down 6 basis points to 24%, again the largest decline among national providers. Bell has delivered the highest reduction in CCTS complaints among major communications carriers for each of the last 5 years." For more details, see this press release.
Huawei has enhanced its Optical Networking 2.0 (ON2.0) solution with greater capacity, lower latency and advanced automation capabilities. For more details, see this press release.
- The staff, TelecomTV
Access Evolution,
Analysis & Opinion,
Asia-Pacific,
AT&T,
Deutsche Telekom,
Digital Platforms & Services,
Ericsson,
FCC,
Internet of Things,
KDDI,
North America,
Open Networking,
Open RAN,
OSS/BSS,
Radio Access Network,
SD-WAN,
Telecoms Vendors & OEMs
Keysight selected by Radisys to create open radio access network test environment
DT and Telefonica/O2 plan active site sharing in Germany
Euro telco giants commit to Open RAN, lobby for state support
Telefónica Deutschland/O2 continues to focus on profitable growth and further intensifies network expansion in Germany
VMware preps lightweight version of its Telco Cloud for Open RAN


This group page is a space for you and your peers to interact with course materials and discuss ask questions amongst yourselves. Each week you will be asked to respond to a forum question and respond to each other. Your instructor will weigh in on the discussions as well. You are welcome to join conversations among other groups; however, your grade for blog participation during this unit is divided amongst your participation in your group forums as well as the work you conduct on your personal blogs, which also includes peer interaction.
Each of your initial responses should be at least 250 words. In these responses, I expect to see you draw on course readings in your text and enter into conversation with the authors in your responses. By entering into conversation with the authors, I expect you to be responding directly to some of their claims and to wrestle with their concepts and theories and definitions. This forum is a place to express confusion with readings as well as thoughts the readings stimulated in you. There should be ample evidence in your responses that you read the text and seriously engaged with the ideas in the text.
Once you all make your own initial responses to forum questions, please check back and respond to each other's comments. Imagine this space as a classroom discussion, where you all respond to each other and express your informed ideas about the topic at hand. I hope to see lively and engaging discussions ensuing on these pages! Try to post responses that will evoke responses from your peers. Thanks!


text:
State Dept. issues first 3rd-gender passport for Americans
ABCNews
By CONOR FINNEGAN
Four months after announcing it would allow a third-gender option for U.S. citizens on their passports, the State Department said Wednesday that it has issued one.
It is the first of its kind, denoted with an 'X,' for non-binary, intersex, and gender non-conforming U.S. citizens. The recipient is Colorado resident Dana Zzyym, associate director of the Intersex Campaign for Equality and a client of Lambda Legal.
"I almost burst into tears when I opened the envelope, pulled out my new passport, and saw the 'X' stamped boldly under 'sex.' I'm also ecstatic that other intersex and nonbinary U.S. citizens will soon be able to apply for passports with the correct gender marker. It took six years, but to have an accurate passport, one that doesn't force me to identify as male or female but recognizes I am neither, is liberating," Zzyym said in a statement.
The agency is still preparing to make the option widely available for passports and other documents, such as the consular report of birth abroad.
"I want to reiterate, on the occasion of this passport issuance, the Department of State's commitment to promoting the freedom, dignity, and equality of all people -- including LGBTQI+ persons," said State Department spokesperson Ned Price in a statement.
In June, Secretary of State Antony Blinken announced that Americans could choose which gender is displayed on their passports, no longer needing medical certification if their preference contradicts supporting documents such as birth certificates.
Adding a third-gender option is "technologically complex and will take time for extensive systems updates," Blinken said at the time. Price said Wednesday the agency is still working on the issue, which they expect to be an option for all regular passport applications early next year.
"The Department also continues to work closely with other U.S. government agencies to ensure as smooth a travel experience as possible for all passport holders, regardless of their gender identity," he added.
Advocates say harassment by immigration and travel authorities for gender non-conforming people is common. Rodrigo Heng-Lehtinen, deputy executive director of the National Center for Transgender Equality, praised the announcement in June.
"Inaccurate IDs open transgender people up to harassment and discrimination. Reforming U.S. passports is a common-sense way to improve the lives of transgender people," Heng-Lehtinen said, adding accurate documents are "necessary for travel, banking, starting a new job and school."
President Joe Biden promised these changes during his 2020 campaign.
"Transgender and non-binary people without identification documents that accurately reflect their gender identity are often exposed to harassment and violence and denied employment, housing, critical public benefits, and even the right to vote," his campaign website said.
abc newsnational
Copyright © 2022 ABC News Internet Ventures.


Save $21,100 AND enjoy the benefits of condo living in the popular, new Annapolis community - Admirals Square! This gently lived in, 2-year young, spacious (2600+ sf), 2-story condo, with a spectacular, private roof-top terrace, - perfect for relaxing and entertaining, - is move-in ready and priced $21,100 LESS than new construction of this same model! Plus, custom window treatments and washer/dryer are included (an additional savings for you)! Simply unpack and enjoy the low maintenance and energy efficient living this 3 bedroom/2.5 bath home with a 1-car attached garage in the rear, will provide. The open floor plan, - with 9-foot ceilings on both levels, - features hardwood flooring throughout the main level; an over-sized Chef's kitchen with granite center island and stainless steel appliances; and an expansive master bedroom. Washer/dryer on the bedroom level and custom window treatments are included. Convenient to shopping, restaurants, historic/downtown Annapolis and major commuting routes to Baltimore and Washington, DC. Best of all...it can be yours!
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text:
Volume 3: The Life & Times of S Carter
Jay-Z is Not a Proudhon of Hip-Hop
Bill Morris | 10
Everybody loves a train wreck. This one started when Jonathan Lethem came barreling down the tracks with an essay in Harper's called "The Ecstasy of Influence," in which most of the lines were cribbed from other sources and then ingeniously stitched together to argue in favor of appropriation and against the tired old 20th-century notion that an artist owns what he or she makes – that dinosaur known as copyright. Then right behind him on the same tracks came David Shields with last year's sensational freight train of a book, Reality Hunger: A Manifesto, an expanded echo of Lethem's themes made up of a pastiche of Shields's own words and the words of many other artists. Among Shields's words: "Reality-based art hijacks its material and doesn't apologize."
Then suddenly – watch out! – along came the little engine that could, Marco Roth chuffing down the tracks in the opposite direction with an essay in the journal n+1 called "Throwback Throwdown," in which he set out to derail the two speeding locomotives. He called Shields's book "an authentic act of copying" that fits snugly into the "pervasive and growing fantasy of the writer as hip-hop DJ." Roth added, "To a certain kind of white writer, engaged in the increasingly professionalized and seemingly 'nice' work of churning out novels, poems, essays and reviews, the rapper DJ comes to stand for this brazen, unapologetic appropriator, regardless of whether actual rappers think of themselves as heroes of 'copyleft,' Proudhonists of the ghetto."
Once the collision took place, as you can imagine, there was a lot of twisted metal on the tracks. But before the smoke cleared, an actual rapper, the superstar Jay-Z, plowed into the debris with a book called Decoded that cleverly turned the train wreck upside-down by showing how a master of an art form built on appropriation uses old-school literary techniques and a quaint thing called imagination to write lyrics that bristle with originality and socially potent meaning. For good measure, Jay-Z tells the story about the time he stabbed a rival for stealing his music. Train wrecks don't get any more perfect than this.
Which brings us to the fun part. Now we get to sift through the wreckage, counting bodies and looking for survivors.
I just found a survivor. It's Michel Houellebecq, the baddest bad boy in French lit today. All this racket about copyright and appropriation (or bricolage, sampling, collage, poaching, rip-off, homage, plagiarism, call it what you will) – it bloodied him a bit but he's actually in excellent shape. His latest novel, The Map and the Territory, was an instant smash – until someone pointed out that Houellebecq had lifted several uncredited passages almost verbatim from Wikipedia and other websites, including an entry on how flies have sex. The bad boy went ballistic when the word "plagiarism" was uttered. "If those people really think that (this is plagiarism), they haven't the first notion of what literature is," he fumed. "This is part of my method. This approach, muddling real documents and fiction, has been used by many authors. I have been influenced especially by Perec and Borges… I hope that this contributes to the beauty of my books, using this kind of material." The novel wound up winning France's prestigious Prix Goncourt.
Sitting next to Houellebecq, also battered but in remarkably good shape, is a German teenager named Helene Hegemann. Her novel about Berlin nightclub kids, Axolotl Roadkill, was a best-seller in Germany last year and was nominated for a major prize at the Leipzig Book Fair. Then word got out that she had lifted passages from several other sources. After admitting to "thoughtlessness" and "narcissism," an unrepentant Hegemann told Die Welt newspaper: "But for me personally, it doesn't matter at all where people get their material. What matters is what they do with it. If my novel is interpreted as representing our times, then it has to be recognized that the novel was created in accord with what we saw in the last decade – that is, with the rejection of all those copyright excesses and the embrace of a right to copy and to transform." The newsmagazine Der Spiegel agreed, comparing Axolotl Roadkill to Naked Lunch and Manhattan Transfer: "Everything from newspaper articles to ads to all kinds of other texts are embedded in these foundational works of literary modernism." In a statement released by her publisher, Hegemann added, "There's no such thing as originality anyway, just authenticity."
James Frey is slumped in a seat across the aisle. He's not going to make it. As far as Shields and Lethem are concerned, his fatal mistake was not that he fabricated much of his "memoir," A Million Little Pieces; it was that he went on TV and apologized for it and, to prove his contrition, allowed Oprah to pillory him publicly. He forgot the First Commandment of the 21st Century: "Reality-based art hijacks its material and doesn't apologize." Frey is toast.
Jay-Z came through without a scratch, of course, which brings us to this train wreck's central irony. The makers of popular music have been brazen and fruitful plunderers for many years because, let's face it, there are only so many ways to arrange a simple melody and only so many ways to say "I love you" or "It's over" or "You tore my heart out and stomped that sucker flat." While blues and jazz artists and practitioners of other more saccharine forms of pop music have been borrowing for years, hip-hop DJs were perhaps the first to revel in their piracy, though they made a point of dressing it up with the lofty word "sampling." Being a pirate, an outlaw, a gangsta has always been central to the rapper's pose. Jay-Z didn't need to do a lot of posing, it turns out, because he was an industrious purveyor of cocaine long before he transformed himself into a one-man corporation.
The source of Decoded's fascination, for me, is not the author's projects-to-the-penthouse biographical arc, nor his tales of hustling drugs and hobnobbing with Russell Simmons and Bono and starting his own clothing line and helping turn Cristal champagne into a bling brand. The book's fascination comes from three very different and very surprising sources.
First, it's beautifully made – lavish illustrations, clever layouts and ingenious use of fonts, quality paper, plus a Warhol on the cover. Second, and most importantly, the book allows us to peek into the tent of Jay-Z's creative process. He begins with his epiphany, the day he heard a kid named Slate rhyming couplet after couplet before a rapt, clapping audience at the Marcy projects in Brooklyn. Jay-Z writes that he "felt like a planet pulled into orbit by a star." That day he started writing rhymes feverishly in a spiral notebook and poring over the dictionary to expand his vocabulary. (This brings to mind Lewis Hyde's contention: "Most artists are converted to art by art itself.")
Decoded illustrates its author's creative process by laying out song lyrics on one page, then on the facing page letting Jay-Z deconstruct (decode) the sources and meanings of the lyrics through elaborate footnotes. It's a revelation. On one drug-selling run to New Jersey, for instance, here's how he describes his crew watching television while they work – Watchin Erik Estrada baggin up at the Ramada. In the corresponding footnote he writes: "There are a lot of motel references in my songs. Hotels are where a lot of our work got done, where we bagged our powder."
There's a telling reference to the made-up selves of rappers. The lyric "They're all actors" is limned like this: "When I say that rappers are actors, I mean it in two ways: first, a lot of them are pretending to be something they're not outside the booth; second, it also means that those who are being real often use a core reality as a basis for a great fantasy, the way a great method actor like DeNiro does."
Street slang is dissected. "Spike Lees" are "the best seats in the house – in this case whether it's at the arena or in the jet." "Sprees" are "custom rims that have internal discs that spin when the car stops, named after Latrell Sprewell… Fun for kids, but for grown-ups, a sign that you might be trying too hard." Sometimes the reader absorbs the method without aid of footnotes, as when the words "breakfast," "Lexus" and "necklace" cozy up to each other in a single couplet. Jay-Z freely acknowledges that he plundered his parents' vinyl record collection, floor-to-ceiling stacks of Motown, pop, R&B, soul and funk, but the act of plundering led to his creative birth, not to mere mimicry. "We were kids without fathers," he writes, "so we found our fathers on wax and on the streets and in history, and in a way, that was a gift. We got to pick and choose the ancestors who would inspire the world we were going to make for ourselves… Rap took the remnants of a dying society and created something new. Our fathers were gone, usually because they just bounced, but we took their old records and used them to build something fresh."
The book's elaborate footnotes demolish twin misconceptions: that rappers are merely brazen, unapologetic appropriators with nothing original to say; and there's no longer such a thing as originality, just authenticity. Jay-Z, for one, does not see himself as a hero of "copyleft" or a Proudhonist of the ghetto. As he puts it, "I'm not a businessman. I'm a business, man." He's also a writer in the purest, oldest sense of the word – that is, he's someone who uses his experiences, his influences and his skill with language to say something original and new.
I agree with what Michiko Kakutani wrote recently in the New York Times: "In the end, Decoded leaves the reader with a keen appreciation of how rap artists have worked myriad variations on a series of familiar themes (hustling, partying and 'the most familiar subject in the history of rap — why I'm dope') by putting a street twist on an arsenal of traditional literary devices (hyperbole, double entendres, puns, alliteration and allusions), and how the author himself magically stacks rhymes upon rhymes, mixing and matching metaphors even as he makes unexpected stream-of-consciousness leaps that rework old clichés and play clever aural jokes on the listener ('ruthless' and 'roofless,' 'tears' and 'tiers,' 'sense' and 'since')."
To say that rappers possess originality and that they rely on traditional literary devices is not to say that they don't – or shouldn't – borrow from other sources. And it's not to say that writers of prose and poetry shouldn't borrow from other writers of prose and poetry and, for that matter, from rappers and jazz musicians and newspaper reporters and advertising copywriters and absolutely anyone else. All art comes from art. To admit this is not to concede that there's no such thing as originality any more than it's a license to borrow without attribution and then call it your own. William S. Burroughs freely admitted that he cut up texts and re-arranged them and inserted the results in his novels. Michel Houellebecq is free to be influenced by Perec and Borges and Burroughs (and anyone else), but I think he's making a mistake if he thinks copying from Wikipedia adds to the beauty of his books. He's too good a writer to make such a lazy claim. And while I agree with Helene Hegemann that what matters is not where artists get their materials but what they do with them, I believe all artists need to give up the cheap crutch of claiming that since it's all been done before, all they can hope to do is rearrange the familiar in some unfamiliar way and then call it "authenticity." That trivializes art. And it's stupid and wrong.
Back in 1992 Cormac McCarthy told an interviewer: "The ugly fact is, books are made out of books. The novel depends for its life on the novels that have been written." That's not to say that writers do nothing but steal from other writers; it is, rather, to admit that literature comes to us not through a writer's unfiltered experience of life, but through that experience as filtered through the things the writer has read, as well as the things the reader has read.
In "The Ecstasy of Influence" Lethem writes, "The kernel, the soul – let us go further and say the substance, the bulk, the actual and valuable material of all human utterances – is plagiarism. For substantially all ideas are secondhand, consciously and unconsciously drawn from a million outside sources, and daily used by the garnerer with a pride and satisfaction born of the superstition that he originated them; whereas there is not a rag of originality about them anywhere except the little discoloration they get from his mental and moral caliber and his temperament, and which is revealed in characteristics of phrasing. Old and new make the warp and woof of every moment. There is no thread that is not a twist of these two strands. By necessity, by proclivity, and by delight, we all quote."
Of course we all quote. But if quoting is all we do, then we don't do very much. Shields and Lethem seem to acknowledge this without fully admitting it, because they do so much more than merely quote in Reality Hunger and "The Ecstasy of Influence." As Roth put it in his essay in n+1: "Art may be theft, as Shields likes to quote Picasso, but it doesn't follow that theft is art. Art is not ex-nihilo, but neither is it all 'ready-mades.'" Precisely.
Lynne McTaggart, who won a plagiarism lawsuit against Doris Kearns Goodwin, acknowledged in the New York Times in 2002 that all writers are "relentless scavengers." Then McTaggart added, "Writers don't own facts. Writers don't own ideas. All that we own is the way we express our thoughts… But it is important not to excuse the larger sins of appropriation. In this age of clever electronic tools, writing can easily turn into a process of pressing the cut and paste buttons, or gluing together the work of a team of researchers, rather than the long and lonely slog of placing one word after another in a new and arresting way."
I think she's right. Shouldn't we expect novelists to do more than cut and paste Wikipedia descriptions of how flies have sex?
The third and final source of Decoded's appeal is the revealing story Jay-Z tells about what happened the night of December 1, 1999 at New York's Kit Kat Club. His album Vol. 3, Life and Times of S. Carter was not due to be released for a month, but bootlegged copies were already selling on the street. This infuriated Jay-Z. After all, he's a business, man. He believes that he – and he alone – should get paid for the music he makes. When a rival record producer showed up at the club and admitted that he was behind the bootlegging, Jay-Z stabbed him twice.
This violent outburst left no doubt about Jay-Z's opinion of people who hijack his material and don't apologize – and take money out of his pocket while they're at it. You might argue that bootlegging is more invasive than sampling, and that it goes way beyond the relatively benign forms of plagiarism Lethem and Shields so ingeniously espouse. In fact, Lethem admits as much in the closing lines of his essay: "Don't pirate my editions; do plunder my visions. The name of the game is Give All. You, reader, are welcome to my stories. They were never mine in the first place, but I gave them to you. If you have the inclination to pick them up, take them with my blessing."
It's a seductive bill of goods, but you simply can't have it both ways. You can't say Pay me for what's rightfully mine and feel free to rob me while you're at it. Jay-Z, who understands the workings and the worth of originality, isn't buying this bill of goods. Neither is Marco Roth. Neither am I.


Athletica Domus has two tennis courts located outside. Renting a tennis court is 30 NOK per half an hour. If you bring friends that are non-members, they will need to buy single tickets at the reception in order to play.
The tennis courts are closed for the winter, but will reopen during the spring.


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I love the lake, and I love to capture it in its many colors, textures and moods. To give you a taste of my work and to remind you every day what an amazing natural wonder the lake is, I offer my 2018 calendar, featuring 12 Lake Michigan images.
The calendar makes a unique gift for fellow lake lovers, friends and family. It's also great for those who have left the area but still long to see the lake every day.
This year, I am donating 20% of my sales to the Alliance for the Great Lakes and Freshwater Future — two of my favorite Great Lakes advocates and defenders.


What's the material of your outdoor playground equipment?
The main material of our outdoor playground equipment is LLDPE and galvanized steel pipe. We also have wooden playground and PE playground.
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