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Holmesian Geomorphs
Yesterday, I mentioned that I would not be using geomorphs for creating my version of the Chateau des Faussesflammes. This is a decision I am not at all fond of, not only because of the ease with which one can make dungeons with geomorphs, but also because of the nature of The Dungeon as suggested in Holmes. If The Dungeon is a constantly shifting semi-intelligent NPC in the campaign, geomorphs are the easiest way I know of to represent it. If I proceeded with normal dungeon maps, shifting and changing bits and pieces would mean having to re-do these maps every time I want to make a change. Ultimately, this choice would discourage making changes and The Dungeon would have less impact on the game.
Geomorphs, on the other hand, would allow 100 x 100 sections to be easily removed, added or changed. It would even be easy to randomize the changes. For example, there could be a standard 1 in 6 chance for every geomorph explored by the characters to change in-between dungeon-delves.
Therefore, I bit the bullet and started making up some of my own geomorphs using the 100 x 100 template; however, note that there are "open" sections on the edges. When connected, these "open" edges allow for some truly colossal room sizes. Enjoy:
Labels: Geomorphs, Holmes
Holmes & Cook: Dungeon Design
I have been busying myself with the prospect of creating a dungeon in homage to the Chateau des Faussesflammes, one of the ruined castles mentioned by CAS in his stories of Averoigne. Being in a Holmesian kind of mood, I have been trying to tackle this particular project by reverse engineering the Sample Dungeon in the Holmes Edition. In some of my initial forays into the project, I have found an interesting curiosity.
As a life-long hobbyist, I cannot remember a time more exciting than the period we are living through right now. We have a plethora of resources at our finger tips that demonstrate an amazing amount of creative output. Being a bit of a map-geek, one such resource that I have taken particular joy in is the rebirth of the geomorph. I was fully planning on taking advantage of this revival for the purposes of creating maps for my version of the Chateau; however, go on over to Dave's Mapper and compare the (marvelous) results that you get there with the Sample Dungeon from Holmes:
The average room size in the Sample Dungeon is 60 x 60, which easily takes up more than half the space on the popular 100 x 100 geomorph used by the good folks who draw them for Dave's Mapper. The largest rooms in the Sample Dungeon wouldn't even fit on a single geomorph. Even more interesting is that the Keyed rooms are on average almost twice as big as the Empty (E) rooms (75 x 65 compared to 35 x 35).
This got me thinking about the necessity of designing a dungeon with such large rooms and, in particular, encounter areas. I think this largely has to do with the way combat works in Holmes. Missile (and Magic) combat is largely distinct from Melee combat. Once Melee combat is engaged, Missile (and Magic) combat effectively ends, due to the fact that missile fire and spells have a chance of hitting the wrong target.
Given this style of combat, movement and closing into melee and/or maneuvering to avoid melee becomes a vital element of the game. If combat were confined to small spaces (such as the majority of the rooms found in 100 x 100 geomorphs) this ability to move would be severely limited. Most combats would engage in melee almost immediately, reducing the usefulness and effectiveness of characters interested in using bows and spells. Therefore, Holmes provides encounter areas with plenty of room to maneuver.
Besides offering more evidence that the Dungeon is an ever-changing underground spawning new rooms, passageways and even monsters, the size of Empty rooms also implies an attempt by Holmes to make them dangerous.
The only monsters a party of adventurers would encounter in an Empty room are Wondering Monsters, which are meant to be a major part of the Holmesian dungeon-delving experience. Outside of evidence of an ever-changing semi-intelligent dungeon, they seem rather innocuous. Their significantly smaller size, however, limits any combat that does happen within them. Like the rooms on a typical 100 x 100 geomorph, the smaller Empty rooms limit tactical choice in combat. They are therefore a more dangerous place to encounter wandering monsters than a normal encounter area.
The long and the short — I (unfortunately) won't be using geomorphs to do my version of the Chateau des Fammesflammes because Holmesian dungeons need significantly larger rooms than we modern gamers are used to. I shall also be endeavoring to have my dungeon create a sense of claustrophobia with players despite these larger room sizes. Hopefully, they will come to fear the smaller Empty rooms, where wandering monster encounters are truly dangerous.
Labels: combat, Cook, Dungeons, Holmes, Holmes+Cook
There Is an Adventure in Here Somewhere
My youngest daughter absolutely loves the concert DVD A Winter's Night — Sting at the Durham Cathedral doing winter and Christmas-themed music. If she hears the opening of Three Ships, she'll drop whatever she is doing and come running. I mention this, because as a result of her enthusiasm, I have had the opportunity to become very familiar with many of the songs. One of my favorites is this rendition of The Burning Babe:
The lyrics of the song come from the poem by the Jesuit Robert Southwell:
As I in hoary winter's night stood shivering in the snow,
Surprised I was with sudden heat which made my heart to glow;
And lifting up a fearful eye to view what fire was near,
A pretty babe all burning bright did in the air appear;
Who, scorchëd with excessive heat, such floods of tears did shed
As though his floods should quench his flames which with his tears were fed.
Alas, quoth he, but newly born in fiery heats I fry,
Yet none approach to warm their hearts or feel my fire but I!
My faultless breast the furnace is, the fuel wounding thorns,
Love is the fire, and sighs the smoke, the ashes shame and scorns;
The fuel justice layeth on, and mercy blows the coals,
The metal in this furnace wrought are men's defilëd souls,
For which, as now on fire I am to work them to their good,
So will I melt into a bath to wash them in my blood.
With this he vanished out of sight and swiftly shrunk away,
And straight I callëd unto mind that it was Christmas day.
Given my recent interest in an Averoigne-like campaign setting, this poem just feels right — like it somehow should be a part of the fabric of the campaign. There has to be an adventure in here somewhere — what dangerous direction could the visage of a burning babe lead a band of adventurers?
Labels: Clark Ashton Smith, Robert Southwell, Sting
Saintly Saturday: Apodosis of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist
Today is the Aπόδοσις (Apodosis), or Leave-taking of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist. The actual feast occurred yesterday, but when it comes to a lot of the bigger feasts in the Christian calendar, Orthodox Christians don't celebrate for just one day. Depending upon the feast, these celebrations can last anywhere from 2 to 40 days. The last of these days is the leave-taking of a feast, where much of the original service of the feast is repeated.
Most of the feats that have an apodosis are either major feasts of the Lord, like Christmas and Pascha (Easter), or of the Virgin Mary, like the Annunciation or the Nativity of the Theotokos. There are, however, a few feasts that fall outside of these that do have an apodosis. Besides of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist, they include the feasts of St. Demetrius, Sts. Peter and Paul and the Beheading of St. John the Baptist.
I highlight this for a pair of reasons:
In a fantasy setting, especially one that is analogous to the medieval world, a festival is going to go on for several days and the last day of the feast is going to be as big as the first.
Though he is a hugely popular saint today, St. Demetrius was at one time only known around the environs of Thessaloniki. Therefore, feasts need not necessarily be about huge, over-arching theologies or events (though they may be implied).
To that end, I give you a couple of random tables to help produce a feast with a little more color than your average harvest festival:
Event Commemorated
1. Conception of...
2. Nativity of...
3. Death of...
4. Rites of Passage of…
5. Arrival/Appearance of…
6. Victory of…
7. Discovery/Recovery
Relics of…
Skull of…
Sword of…
Armor of…
Shield of…
Weapon of…
8. Miracle
Healing by…
Vision seen by…
Supernatural Event seen by...
Raising from the Dead by...
Protection from a Natural Event (earthquake, flood etc.) by...
Protection from an Invading Army by…
Person Commemorated
1. Local Saint/Hero
2. Local Ruler
3. Regional Saint/Hero
4. Regional Ruler
5. A People/Nation/Progenitor
6. Obscure/Unknown Saint/Hero
7. Enemy
8. Mother of…(roll again, ignoring a roll of 8)
Length of the Feast
1. 2 days
2. 1d4+1 days
4. 2d6 days
5. 2d10 days
For example, a roll of 7 on the Event Commemorated table results in "Discovery/Recovery." This is followed by rolling a d6 to find out what is discovered or recovered. A roll of 2 indicates the "Skull of..." To find out whose skull, roll on the Person Commemorated table. A roll of 8 indicates the "Mother of..." In order to find out whose mother, another roll is made, ignoring any result of 8. A roll of 3 indicates a "Regional Saint/Hero." To find out how long the feast is, a roll of 5 on the Length of the Feast table indicates 2d10 days, which results in one week of celebrations.
Thus, the feast generated would be The Discovery of the Skull of the Mother of a Regional Saint which lasts a full seven days. That sounds a lot more interesting than "harvest festival," doesn't it?
Labels: random tables, Saintly Saturday
One of my favorite things in the world is heraldry. I love how it tries to communicate ideas through simple graphic cues and how variations in those cues can be a wealth of information. Thus, when I started thinking about the various monastic orders I posted the other day, I also began thinking about what crosses these orders would use and why. Here is a rough draft:
The flowery Green Cross in comparison to the simple and austere White Cross implies a counter-intuitive logic of prayer vs. work. One might think that Green Monks would prefer something like the White Cross, being that they are such an austere order; however, prayer is an elaborate and beautiful endeavor. Thus, they wear an elaborate and beautiful cross. The Black Cross, with the four squares surrounding it visually suggest their quest for balance between prayer and work.
The Canon's Crosses add a visual variation suggestive of a chalice — a symbol of the priestly function of preparing and distributing communion. Likewise, the Sword's Crosses have a variation suggestive of a blade — both in concert with their name and their occupation as soldiers.
Labels: Christianity, monks
Monastic Orders
In the wake of the creative onslaught that assaulted my brain after reading The Beast of Averoigne by CAS, I have been brushing up on Western monasticism in order to be able to piece together an appropriate ecclesial structure for a campaign set in a fantasy version of southern France. In order to do this, one actually has to start in the east.
Christianity has from the very beginning had a monastic character. Though he was certainly not the first monk, St. Anthony is considered the grandfather of Christian monasticism. He was a hermit of the Egyptian desert in the late 3rd century and early 4th. His life was record by St. Athansius the Great. This was translated into several languages and became an extremely popular book. It inspired an entire generation (and continues to inspire, I might add).
With the advent of Christianity not only being tolerated by the Roman Empire, but being the preferred religion of emperors, the first great era of martyrdom came to a close. Facing a world where there was no possibility of following in the footsteps of the great Christian heroes into martyrdom and inspired by the Life of St. Anthony, an entire generation went into the desert.
There, two basic styles of monasticism developed: cenobitic (communal) and eremitic (hermit-like). St. Basil the Great is seen in Orthodoxy as a founding monastic legislator, whose rules are still used by Orthodox monks today. St. Benedict, using St. Basil's rules as a model, wrote his own Rule which became the model for Western monasticism.
During the period of approx. A.D. 1100-1350 there were at least three orders within France that could be used as inspiration for a fantasy setting:
Benedictines: (mentioned in The Beast of Averoigne), also known as black monks (because of their black/dark robes) who are followers of the Rule of St. Benedict. It is a cenobitic order.
Cistercians: also known as white monks (because of their undyed robes). They also follow the Rule of St. Benedict, which they attempt to follow in exactness. They emphasize field-work and are famous for their agriculture (they introduced a lot of agricultural technology to Europe) and as horse breeders. The only income they accepted was from this field-work (no gifts, no tithes, etc.). It is a cenobitic order. The Knights Templar were Cistercians.
Carthusians: also known as charterhouse monks. This is the most austere of the orders. They shaved their heads, wore horse hair shirts and took a vow of silence. They lived as hermits, gathered together only for services and ate together only on Sundays. It is an eremitic order. In more modern times, they made famous a green liquor known as chartreuse, from which the pale green color gets its name.
For the purposes of using these three orders to inspire monastic orders for a fantasy world, I am going to adopt the names black monks, white monks and green monks. These primarily refer to the color of the robes that they wear.
One of the basic credos of the Rule of Benedict is the simple phrase Pray and Work. White monks emphasize work, being excellent farmers and horse breeders. They live in communities in rural and wilderness environments. Green monks emphasize prayer. They are famous for their elixirs (derived from the same plants that they use to dye their robes) and live primarily as hermits in the wilderness. Black monks seek to find a balance between work and prayer. They tend to live in communities in or near urban centers.
Besides their robes, the three orders can also be distinguished by their form of tonsure. White monks wear the classic "bald spot" tonsure we all associate with medieval monastics. Green monks shave their heads. Black monks do not cut their hair or beards at all. Therefore, they are also sometimes known as Nazirites (see Numbers 6:5). [This latter style has two sources of inspiration. Orthodox monks normally do not cut their hair nor shave and the Merovingian Kings of France were known as the "long-haired kings" because not only did they wear their hair long, but if their hair were cut, they would be unworthy of ruling.]
In addition to monks, each order would have two sub-orders: Canons and Swords. Canons are those ordained priests who have taken monastic vows. Interestingly, the Eastern Orthodox practice of allowing marriage prior to ordination was still in use in Western Christendom at this time, though frowned upon. I like the idea that cleric characters don't necessarily have to start out as ordained clergy, but would have to be ordained in order to receive 3rd level spells or higher — thus marriage is a possibility for those inclined. Swords are the military arm of the order. These would be the Knights Templar or the Hospitallers of this fantasy world.
Black Monks
Cenobitic order whose abbeys are primarily in or near urban centers. They seek to find a balance between prayer and work. Known for their black/dark robes and their uncut hair and beards. Also known as Nazirites.
Black Canons
Ordained priests who have taken a monastic vow with the Black Monks.
Black Swords
The military arm of the order. They have served extensively in the East, explaining the heavy eastern influence on the order.
White Monks
Cenobitic order who emphasize field-work. They are especially gifted farmers and horse breeders. Known for their undyed robes and their "bald spot" tonsures. Their abbeys are primarily in rural or wilderness areas.
White Canons
Ordained priests who have taken a monastic vow with the White Monks.
White Swords
The military arm of the order. While they also have served in the east, they have had more influence in the West. There are rumors of corruption, hidden treasures and even sorcery among its members.
Green Monks
Eremitic order who primarily live in the wilderness. Emphasizing prayer, they are known for their green robes, which are dyed with the same plants that they use to make their green elixirs. They shave their heads and take various vows of silence.
Green Canons
Ordained priests who have taken a monastic vow with the Green Monks.
Green Swords
The military arm of the order. The smallest of the three military orders, these soldiers are famous for their unarmed fighting techniques.
Labels: Clark Ashton Smith, monks
Holmes & Cook: Shield and Shields
I have been running some hypothetical combats using the Holmes rules as I have come to understand them in order to see how it feels. One of the things that had become immanently clear is that a central factor in combat is closing into melee. Those that do not have missile capability will want to close as soon as possible. Those that have good missile capability will want to prolong missile combat for as long as possible.
The reason: missile combat is deadly — as it should be — and missile combat effectively ends once melee begins. This reality, however, brings up a bit of a surprise. The most vulnerable characters to missile combat are the ones who normally can only really function effectively during missile combat — magic-users.
When understanding normal missile fire as volleys, targets are determined randomly. This means that magic-users have an equal chance of being targeted as anyone else. They can't hide behind the fighting-men. If they are targeted, chances are they are not only going to be hit, but killed. Ironically, in order to use their spells (especially combat spells) they need to be in missile combat. Once melee begins, they cannot throw around spells without risking the chance of affecting the wrong target.
This reality results in Shield being one of, if not the, most useful spell in a magic-user's arsenal. It also explains why it is more effective against missiles than it is against melee attacks:
By means of this spell the user imposes a self moving magical barrier between himself and his enemies. It provides the equivalent of plate armor and shield (armor class 2) against missiles, chain mail and shield (armor class 4) against other attacks.
Due to the fact that this indispensable spell has only a duration of 2 turns, I foresee a couple of outcomes:
Players will get frustrated at the casualty rate of magic-users. Combat encourages them to engage opponents when they are most vulnerable. That is not a good combination.
Most, if not all, magic-users in the game will be elves, because of their ability to wear armor and thus actually have a chance to shine as a spell caster.
Given the recent meme about shields and how they ought to do more than reduce AC by one, I have a simple solution to the dilemma of the magic-user in Holmes:
If a character is armed with a shield, they can voluntarily become the target of a volley shot against an adjacent character.
This gives the party the option to hide the magic-user behind a big, heavily armored fighting-man during missile combat. One interesting outcome I foresee with this: magic-users (unless they can afford to have a whole bunch of Shield scrolls) better play nice with the fighting-men…
Posted by FrDave at 11:28 AM 3 comments
Labels: combat, Cook, Holmes, Holmes+Cook
Holmes and Clark Ashton Smith
Over the weekend, I have been very much distracted by Mr. Clark Ashton Smith. I am not unfamiliar with his writings, even though I only discovered him as an adult; however, to date, I have mainly read his Zothique Cycle of stories. While I certainly enjoy his prose and would gladly read them again and again rather than what has passed for science fiction/fantasy over the last couple of decades, his stories have never really fired up my imagination. Until now. This weekend was the first time I ever ventured into Averoigne.
[Before anyone starts questioning by old-school cred, I was a player when my friends and I ran X2 Castle Amber and we never got to Averoigne during the campaign. Thus, I never had occasion to see the bibliography that Moldvay provided.]
Smith's The Beast of Averoigne caught me by complete surprise. There are stories that really excite and entertain. There are those that inspire. This one sent explosions of creativity bursting through my brain.
First of all, I love the groundedness of the story. I felt comfortable in the world — as if I were somehow familiar with it despite the fact I had never before read anything about it.
Secondly, I love the implication that the Beast itself is extraterrestrial. This leaves all kinds of room for whatever monstrosities one wants to inflict upon a campaign world (gonzo or no).
Finally, as someone who has not only spent quite a bit of time with Holmes, but extrapolating an assumed world from those rules, I have to ask: Is there a better example of a literary world for playing Holmes in than Smith's Averoigne? Personally, I can't think of any.
It hits so many of the notes I have found coming out of the Holmes edition:
It implies a Christian civilization at the edge of the wilderness.
Although tolerated, arcane magic is frowned upon as being pagan and corrupting.
There are Inquisitors that monitor and arrest wizards who do not use their magic to benefit the citizens of Averoigne.
The corruption of arcane magic dates to before the advent of Christianity, and runs deep.
There are powerful magic items which date from these ancient times.
There are plenty of ruins and abandoned chateaus (and therefore, potential dungeons) available for exploring.
I could go on…
From a purely (and geeky) historical point of view, the southern part of France (which is approximately where Averoigne would be) is a fascinating model for any campaign — especially if one chooses A.D. 1100-1350 or so. Pope Clement V refused to move to Rome. As a result, the papal court moved to France. A total of seven popes reigned from the Papal palace in Avignon. In addition, two antipopes used Avignon as their headquarters. This juicy history is chuck full of possibilities for all kinds of campaigns.
I also have in my possession an hagiography written by St. Gregory of Tours. In it he details the lives of several Gaulic saints from the 5th-6th centuries. Though this is well outside the time frame of an Averoigne-based campaign, it does lay the foundation for the beginnings of Christianity in the campaign world. These saints can be the background noise that defines the Christian civilization.
Finally, with the campaign world being so firmly grounded in a real-world location and time-frame, the clothes, armor, weapons, names, etc of characters can be clearly delineated. There are plenty of books available that can help define what it is a character can expect to be able to own and what they might look like.
I love it when a story starts me down a path like this…I just hope these seeds can someday come to fruition.
Posted by FrDave at 10:31 PM 3 comments
Labels: Christianity, Clark Ashton Smith, Holmes
Saintly Saturday: Sts. Leontius, Hypatius and Theodulus the Martyrs
St. Leontios was the military-chief of the imperial army in the Phoenician city of Tripoli during the reign of Vespasian (A.D. 70-79). He was held in high regard by the people of Tripoli because of the virtue he displayed in living out his Christian life.
When the Roman senator Adrian became governor of the Phoenician district, he was given full power to hunt down Christians in order to force them to worship the Roman gods or face torture and death. When he found out about St. Leontios convincing folks to stop sacrificing to idols, he sent the tribune Hypatios to Tripoli to arrest him. On the way, he fell seriously ill. In a dream, he saw the vision of an angel who told him that if he wished to get well, he should cry out three times: "God of Leontius, help me!"
When he woke, he told his friends among the soldiers in his command what had happened and they prayed to the God of Leontius. Hypatios was immediately healed. Among these friends was Theodulus who was filled with the need to take Hypatios with him as they raced ahead of the other soldiers in order to find St. Leontius.
Arriving in the city, they were welcomed by a kind stranger who invited them to his house. When this stranger turned out to be St. Leontius, they begged him to teach them about the his God. Having been baptized by the time the other soldiers arrived in the city, now led by Adrian, all three were arrested. Refusing to sacrifice to the idols, they were tortured and then martyred.
Given the centrality of the angelic vision granted to Hypatios in the story of these three martyrs, I thought I'd write about visions as I use them in my campaign worlds — and I tend to use them quite a bit. When used well, they can add a lot of gravitas and mystery to the game world.
There are several keys to an entertaining vision. First and foremost, it must allow for player choice. This is most easily accomplished by giving the player enough information to peak their interest without giving too much information. It also helps to have something to reveal. Personally, when I create a world I always try to have a skeleton of a backstory that can be revealed over time as the players interact with the world. This backstory need not be The Silmarillion nor even the appendices to The Return of the King. In my own Lost Colonies campaign, the back story can be explained in no more than a few sentences, but it is enough to drop tantalizing hints all over the place.
In order to create a vision one must first decide what time frame it is referring to. There are three basic choices: Past, Present and Future. Then one must decide what the vision is to be about. Depending on the time frame, there are two good choices:
Past — Something was done; something was not done
Present — Something must be done now; something must not happen now
Future — Something should be done; something must not be done
This message is then delivered either verbally and/or visually. Here are some examples from the OT (a great source for all kinds of visions):
A man of God has just come to me, who looked like the Angel of God, so majestic was he…Now as the flame rose heavenwards from the altar, the Angel of the Lord ascended in this flame. — Judges 13:6, 20
The cherubim appeared to have the form of a human hand under their wings. And as for their appearance, the four looked alike, something like a wheel. Their entire body, their rims, their spokes, their wings, and the wheels-- the wheels of the four of them-- were full of eyes all around. — Ezekiel 10:8, 10, 12
The Dead
You are cast out, away from your grave, like loathsome carrion, clothed with the dead, those pierced by the sword, who go down to the stones of the Pit, like a corpse trampled underfoot. — Isaiah 14:19
Suddenly there was a noise, a rattling, and the bones came together, bone to its bone. — Ezekiel 37:7
A Voice from Heaven
A voice came from heaven: "O King Nebuchadnezzar, to you it is declared: The kingdom has departed from you! — Daniel 4:31
Then the Lord opened the mouth of the donkey, and it said to Balaam, "What have I done to you, that you have struck me these three times?" — Numbers 22:28
Another beast appeared, a second one, that looked like a bear. It was raised up on one side, had three tusks in its mouth among its teeth and was told, "Arise, devour many bodies!" — Daniel 7:5
The waters swelled so mightily on the earth that all the high mountains under the whole heaven were covered. — Genesis 7:19
The waters become hard like stone, and the face of the deep is frozen. — Job 38:30
It is then up to the player to interpret what they have seen. In my own personal experience, they sometimes come up with a much cooler explanation than what I had in mind. When this happens, I usually run with it, because the vision then becomes personal. In turn, so does the campaign world.
Labels: Saintly Saturday
Holmesian-Inspired Armor Redux
A little over a week ago, there was a "shields ought to be better" meme that popped up in the OSR corner of the blogosphere. Even I peripherally took part. Subsequently, Paladin in a Citadel had some thoughts on Dexterity, Jeff Rients took a shower, Erin of Welsh Piper commented on my own armor thoughts and Epées & Sorcellerie came out in English. Given my own current obsession with Holmes, I have been riffing off all of these thoughts from a Holmesian-kind-of-POV. The results:
In Holmes, Dexterity = initiative. Therefore, it is not a huge leap to say that Dexterity also = AC, where AC is the target number for the attacker. If Dex = AC, this doesn't leave much for armor to do. I very much like E&P's handling of this, where characters can choose to use either Dex or their armor's AC (which ever is better); however, Dex also equalling initiative inspires me to take armor off in a different direction.
I am intrigued by the notion that armor, rather than preventing a hit, reduces damage. I am also intrigued by the idea that wearing heavy armor also has a disadvantage. Thus, the heavier the armor, the less Dex becomes available for purposes of AC and initiative but the more damage resistance is available. Here is my rough draft:
Leather: DR = 1; max Dex = 15
Chain: DR = 2; max Dex = 12
Plate: DR = 3; max Dex = 9
Small Shield: DR=1
Large Shield: DR=2; Dex penalty -1
Thus, if you wear plate and carry a large shield, you are going to be slow and be hit a lot, but won't necessarily take a lot of damage. If you have an 18 Dex, you are going to go first in most combats and aren't going to be hit that often, but when you are, you will take full damage.
Also being a fan of Weapon vs. AC tables, there is also a fun little wrinkle that can be thrown at this system:
Blunt Weapons vs. plate reduce the DR of plate by 1
Piercing Weapons vs. chain reduce the DR of chain by 1
Slashing Weapons vs. leather reduce the DR of leather by 1
Labels: AC, Holmes, Weapon vs. AC
Holmes & Cook: Magic Research and Production
In his section on Magic Research and Production, Cook gives us this interesting little gem:
[Those things necessary to produce magical items] should be difficult to obtain, and the spell caster will often have to adventure to acquire the items, for there are no magic stores.
This begs the question, especially since there are rules in both Holmes and Cook for creating various magic items, what are the economics of magic?
There are four different systems given in the pages of Holmes and Cook.
Holmes indicates that any magic-user (but makes no mention of clerics) of any level can create scrolls for 100 gp and 1 week for every spell level to be inscribed upon the scroll.
Cook notes that Alchemists, if given a formula or sample, can produce potions at half the normal cost and time. They can also do magical research on potions at twice the time and cost of magic-users. All of this incurs the extra cost in the alchemist's monthly stipend of 1000 gp.
In his section on Magic Research and Production, Cook specifies that only magic-users and clerics of name level (9th level or higher) are able to create magic items. The cost for duplicating normal spell effects requires 500 gp and 1 week per spell level duplicated. Given that he fixes the price of a Wand of Fire Balls at 30,000 gp and a time frame of 4 months, this means that this price is for every single charge placed in the wand. These endeavors always have (at least) a 15% chance of failure (and thus creating a cursed item).
Cook continues to give the DM much more leeway in determining the price tag on items that do not duplicate spell effects. For example, he suggests plate mail +1 should cost 10,000 gp and take 6 months.
Following these guidelines, here are the prices & time requirements for various magic items involving the spell Invisibility:
Scroll of Invisibility — 200 gp/2 weeks
Potion of Invisibility — 1000 gp/2 weeks
Potion of Invisibility — 750 gp/ 1 week (Alchemist with formula/sample)
Ring of Invisibility — DM's descretion (at least 10,000 gp/6 months)
Given that a suit of plate mail only costs 50 gp (Holmes) to 60 gp (Cook) and that something as exclusive as a warhorse in barding costs 400 gp, this places even something as relatively inexpensive as a Scroll of Light well out of the price range of what any but the most wealthy could afford. Remember that at least 3 in 20 of these items are going to fail, which makes the endeavor to pay for magic item creation even more expensive.
All of this indicates that Cook is right in his assessment that there are no such things as magic shops — these items are just too expensive to expect there to be any kind of market; however, by including the alchemist in his list of Specialists and Mercenaries he indicates that there is a demand.
The only social stratus that can afford to demand magic item creation is the very rich. Given the inherent danger of this kind of endeavor (at least 15% of items will be cursed), implies either some kind of social pressure that holds enough sway so as to outweigh the possibility of a curse and/or a disquieting level of comfort with all things decadent and corrupt.
Given that the majority of magic items duplicate magic-user spells rather than cleric spells seems to indicate that magic item creation and its inherent risks are primarily an arcane magic-kind-of-thing, possibly even a pagan-kind-of-thing.
Since it is the rich and powerful who are the ones who would demand magic item creation, it would seem that there is an inherent conflict between church and state, where the state is more inclined towards paganism and the arcane power that comes with it and the church is more inclined to frown upon magic item creation of all kinds (possibly even including divine magic items).
The implied Guild structure of magic-user training and the reduced price of scroll creation, however, leave room for a middle way. The church could oversee and sanction certain magic item creation. There might be a mechanism where cooperation between magic-users and clerics reduces the potential harm of a cursed item. Indeed, I might wave the 15% chance in the case of scrolls if the magic-user inscribing them either pays a registration fee or otherwise works in concert with the church directly or through the Guild.
Magic research and production is both dangerous and expensive.
Such research can only be accomplished through a patronage system, where there exists a demand among rich and the powerful.
The church sees both the benefits and the corrupting nature of magical research. While overall discouraging such research, it does work in concert with the Guild in order to make sanctioned research as safe as possible.
The Guild willingly works in concert with the church because, while greater magic might be possible outside the confines of sanctioned research, it is certainly safer.
Any overly-regulated economy is going to have a black market. In this case, given the corrupting nature of arcane magic, the word black is more than appropriate.
Given a black market, there is more than likely some kind of Inquisition-type of institution within the church (whether overt or covert) that tries to keep such activities to a minimum.
Labels: Arcane Magic, Cook, Divine Magic, Holmes, Holmes+Cook, Magic Item
Holmes & Cook: Book of First Level Spells
In the Magic Spells section of Holmes, there is a very curious sentence. He is giving an example of how to use the table which governs whether or not a magic-user knows a spell (where Intelligence is the determinate). He gives us Malchor, a first level magic-user about to go on a dangerous quest:
His intelligence is only 10 (equal to maybe an IQ of 100!) and he can not have studied and copied into his books all the spells listed under Book of First Level Spells (this list is given later).
Besides the cool factor of such a mediocre prime requisite in an example character (are the other stats just that bad, or does the player really want to play a magic-user?), there is this curious title given the first level spell list — Book of First Level Spells — a curiosity that extends to both second and third level spell lists, which are also labelled as Books.
The example seems to allow Malchor to go through all fourteen spells in this list in order to see if he understands them. According to his Intelligence, he will have a minimum of 4 of these in his spell books and a maximum of 6. Theoretically, therefore, if a magic-user had a 17 or 18 Intelligence, he could have every single first-level spell in his spell book.
In calling his spell lists Books, and by allowing first level magic-users the potential of having any spell from the Book of First Level Spells, there is an implication that there is some kind of standardization in magic-user training. Regardless of who you are, what alignment you have or where you are from, as a magic-user, you studied the Book of First Level Spells. Depending upon your natural aptitude (Intelligence) you learned some, if not all, of those fourteen standard spells.
There are a number of potential ways to explain this:
In a society that has moved away from the arcane magics of the past towards divine magic because of the potential corrupting nature of the arcane, it may very well be illegal to know or cast spells outside the Books.
There is a highly organized Guild that tightly monitors its members and is the primary source for all higher-level spells. They could also be active in commissioning adventurers in order to find (and therefore control) classical and ancient magic.
The Books represents the sum total of everything that arcane spell casters know. All the other knowledge is lost (or kept secret by those individuals who possess them). Given that there is only a flat 20% chance for success when creating new spells and a price tag of 2000 gp per spell level regardless of success, this actually seems rather plausible. What joe-normal magic-user has an average of 10,000 gp/spell level of disposable income to create new spells? It is probably far more economical to hire adventurers to go find stuff than to do the research.
The long and short of Holmes using the phrase Book of First Level Spells is that magic-users are all going to have some kind of shared experience — whether that experience is a Guild, a legal reality, a dearth of knowledge or all of the above.
Update: Another thought just came to mind. Given that Holmes has an entire section of his edition dedicated to explaining the various (and potentially confusing) ways that the word level is used, it would seem to me that the title of the Book of First Level Spells could be tweaked in order to eliminate "level" from spell lists.
Labels: Arcane Magic, Cook, Holmes, Holmes+Cook
Saintly Saturday: Axion Estin
It is truly right to bless thee, O Theotokos,
ever blessed, and most pure, and the Mother of our God.
More honorable than the cherubim,
and beyond compare more glorious than the seraphim.
Without corruption thou gavest birth to God the Word.
True Theotokos, we magnify thee. — Axion Estin
Today the Orthodox Church celebrates the revelation of the hymn Axion Estin (It is truly right) by the Archangel Gabriel to a monk on Mt. Athos. This particular monk was a disciple of an elder who instructed him to read the prayers of the services one Saturday night while the elder went off to the cathedral of the Karyes monastery on Mt. Athos.
His prayers were interrupted by a knock on his door, where he found another monk calling himself Gabriel who wished to pray with him. This they did. During the Matins service, there is a poetic style of hymns called the Canon, which has nine odes. Each of these odes is based upon a hymn found in scripture. The ninth ode is based upon the Magnificat (Luke 1:46-55). This hymn is often sung with the refrain More honorable than the cherubim (the last four lines above).
When the monk and Gabriel came to the ninth ode, Gabriel sung the refrain with these two additional lines:
Deeply moved by the beauty of the hymn, the monk asked Gabriel to write it down. When the monk could not produce any paper or any device to write with, Gabriel took up a roof tile and etched the hymn into the rock with his figure as if the tile were made of soft wax. After giving the monk the instruction to have the whole Orthodox world sing this hymn, the angel disappeared from sight. Orthodox Christians have been singing Axion Estin ever since.
Even in the brilliantly wonderful corner of the blogosphere that is the OSR, I am acutely aware that the cleric is not exactly a popular class. I think only the lowly thief has earned more ire; however, next in line for an overhaul or an outright elimination is the cleric.
Part of this is the mechanical rather than archetypal origin of the class. Another has to do with the very strong affiliation with Christianity in its genesis (remember, there were no "holy symbols" in the early editions, only crosses). Once TSR decided to try and be more PC in the face of being accused of promoting satanism etc., the cleric class lost its moorings and in an ironic twist, lost all connection it had with its Christian origin. Recently, though, I have been wondering if it isn't because of that sticky word that is at the root of everything the cleric is about: faith.
I think this word is greatly misunderstood, in part because in English it is anemic in comparison to the Greek that it tries to translate. The Greek word is pistis (noun) or pistevo (verb). In addition to faith, these Greek words can be translated as belief, loyalty and trust. The difficulty comes in that it really means all three at once. To have faith in God means to believe in Him, to be loyal to Him and to trust in Him.
Our example par excellence for faith is the Virgin Mary (known in the Orthodox world as the Theotokos or the Birth-Giver of God). It is truly right to call her blessed because she believed, she was loyal and she trusted.
So, for those who are looking to tweak the class, I encourage you to consider the real definition of faith, and look to the Virgin. She'll show you the way.
Labels: Cleric, Saintly Saturday
The Cicadas are Here
Currently, where I live is going through one of those fascinating life cycles found in nature. Our trees are inundated with thousands of red eyed cicadas. Despite having experienced this phenomena several times in my life in various parts of the country, I am always amazed at how loud they are. This got me thinking about what that might be like if they were bigger…much bigger.
Tettix
What the cutting locust left, the swarming locust has eaten. What the swarming locust left, the hopping locust has eaten, and what the hopping locust left, the destroying locust has eaten. — Joel 1:4
Number Appearing: See Below
% in Lair: nil
Alignment: Neutral
Armor Class: 4
Move: 6 Ground 18 Fly
Hit Dice: 2
Attacks: 1 Bite (1d8)
Special: Noise (See Below)
Save: F3
Morale: 9
Hoard Class: nil
XP: 38
These wandering giant insects are normally only found in groups of one to four; however, if threatened they will start vibrating their abdomens, creating a noise that attracts more tettixi. Every round that a group of tettixi makes this noise 1d4-1 more will show up.
In addition to attracting more tettixi, this noise effectively acts like a Silence 15'r. spell — the noise is so loud that speaking and casting spells becomes impossible. Further, if there are ten or more in the same area making noise, the sound becomes so loud as to do damage to other creatures. Each round this sound will do 1d6 damage for every 10 tettixi in the area (half if a save versus dragon breath in made).
The abdomen of the tettix is highly valued because they can be used as a one-use Detect Lie device (it rattles if a lie is detected).
Labels: monsters
Holmes & Cook: Dragons
As I mentioned yesterday, there are several dragons (blue, gold and green) that appear in Cook's wandering monster tables that are not found in either his monster section or the one in Holmes. While Cook does provide statistics for these dragons, they are missing two key elements that define what a D&D dragon is — alignment and a breath weapon.
In order to determine these traits for Cook's dragons, I must look to Holmes and how he seems to see them. I am going to begin by comparing red and white dragons, because (believe it or not) they are the most similar of the four in Holmes: they both have coned breath weapons that are expressions of thermal energy.
Red and white dragons are an exercise in extremes:
Reds have the highest HD (in Holmes); whites have the lowest (in both Holmes & Cook)
Reds have a breath weapon that violently releases thermal energy; whites have one that violently extracts thermal energy.
Reds are the only type of Holmesian dragon that are not cursed with animal intelligence; whites are the most likely to be cursed.
This pattern suggests that dragon types occur in pairs — each representing an opposite or an extreme. This implies that red and white dragons (and therefore all dragon pairs) are somehow related. I can see two possibilities, both of which are very intriguing:
White dragons are the female of the species and reds are the male. (Holmes indicates in his description of dragons that the smallest dragons are "positively female" and the largest dragons are "positively male"). Alternately, if one interprets this Holmes description to mean that all types of dragons have both male and female, reds can only breed with whites and vice-versa.
White dragons evolve into red dragons (where the intelligent whites are the only ones who know how; thus, all reds are intelligent).
This last option, however, only works if both the brass and black dragons are the weaker of their dragon pairs (since both are subject to being cursed with animal intelligence). Both have 6-8 HD (higher than the white's 5-7 HD). The brass have a natural pair with Cook's gold dragon (since they are both metallic) which has 11 HD — one higher than Cook's version of the red dragon. Interestingly, Cook seems to fix the dragon HD at the middle of the Holmes HD range. Thus, a white has 6HD, red has 10HD. This is a difference of 4HD. The middle of the bronze HD range is 7; also a difference of 4HD when compared to the 11HD gold dragon. This suggests a pattern applicable to all dragon type pairs: the smaller of the two will always have 4HD less than the larger.
Given this, black, blue and green dragons don't appear to be natural pairs. This suggests that there are three additional types of dragons out there that correspond to the black, blue and green. In the case of the latter two, these missing types may very well have 12 and 13HD! The fact that Cook has dragon types that Holmes does not and that Holmes has a type that Cook does not (brass) makes me quite comfortable about these unrepresented and potential types of dragons.
Since gold dragons are part of the brass dragon pair and Holmes gives them a neutral/chaotic good alignment, it follows that gold dragons are chaotic good. It also follows that since all the colored dragons are chaotic evil when intelligent, so too should blue and green dragons; however, since they are likely the smaller of their respective pairs, they will have a chaotic evil/neutral alignment similar to black dragons (indicating that some have been cursed with animal intelligence).
Breath Weapons
As previously noted, white and red dragons both have breath weapons at the opposite ends of a thermal energy scale. Given that black dragons breath acid (which could be seen as an expression of chemical energy) this suggests that most dragons have a breath weapon of some type of energy. The exception is the brass dragon, which has two breath weapons with spell-like effects.
Since the red and white dragons have breath weapons on either side of the thermal energy scale, it follows that the breath weapons of various dragon type pairs ought to as well. Thus, the dragon that would complete the pair with the black would spew a line of a very strong base (the opposite of an acid).
It also follows that the gold dragon should have spell effects which are "opposite" of Sleep and Fear. I would propose Confusion and Charm Person.
Since all "colored" dragons have some kind of energy-based breath and the metallics have the spell-effect breaths, it follows that the blue and green dragons would have energy-based breaths. There are several possibilities:
Since thermal and chemical are taken, that leaves the rest as possible breath weapons for blue and green dragons. Color only has a passing correlation (blue could easily be the color of cold, black the color one gets from being burned by fire and red is not the color opposite of white), therefore it will not be of pressing importance. Rather, the most important factor will be opposites that make sense.
As cool as electrical, nuclear and radiant energy sound, they don't immediately suggest interesting opposites. This leaves the following:
Magnetic (attracting vs. repulsing)
Sound (high frequency vs. low frequency)
Luminous (light vs. dark)
Since the latter doesn't exactly inspire destructive possibilities, the blue and green dragon will have magnetic and sound-based breath weapons.
The color green has a passing association to earth, from which magnets come. Blue has a passing association to air/water through which sound travels. Therefore, green dragons will have a magnetic-based breath weapon and blue dragons will have a sound-based breath weapon.
Seeing that blue and green dragons are the most powerful of the "lesser"/female dragons, it follows that there might be extra effects tacked onto their breath weapons. I imagine that green dragons have a lined, repulser breath that moves targets away 10-60 ft (half if the save is made) in addition to the damage. Blue dragons would have a cone of high-frequency sound. Victims could be rendered deaf.
Labels: Cook, dragons, Holmes, Holmes+Cook
Holmes & Cook: Armor Class
In his monster section, Holmes only has stats for four types of dragons (black, brass, red and white). Though dragons do not appear in Cook's monster section, he does include them in his wandering monster tables, including three not found in Holmes (blue, gold and green). While this is interesting in and of itself, one of the more intriguing discrepancies between Holmes & Cook on dragons is armor class. Holmes gives all dragons an AC of 2, whereas Cook gives them an AC ranging from -2 to 3.
This prompted me to look at the armor class ranges of all monsters in both editions. I discovered something very interesting: there are no monsters in Holmes that have an AC lower than 2. While there are eight monsters in Cook that do, they have an average of 18 HD and only two (the dragon turtle and the 16HD elemental) have a negative AC.
Further, in Holmes, the lowest AC found in the combat tables is AC 2. This emphasizes the reality that in Holmes there are really only four armor classes:
No armor
I say this because, what does one do with the bonuses of magical armor? If the lowest AC found in the game is AC 2 and one is armored with a +1 shield and plate +1, what good does all that magic do? The traditional answer in D&D to this problem is to continue out the combat table to include lower ACs; however, if one accepts the reality of only four types of AC, this leaves open the possibility of penalties to the attacker's roll.
Conceptually, understanding the shield and any magical bonus as a penalty to the attacker's roll transforms the shield and the magic bonus from being AC to being things the attacker must overcome in order to be able "to hit" the target AC.
In other words, if I were a 1st level character trying to hit an NPC wearing leather and carrying a magic +1 shield, I would normally hit on a '12' (according to Holmes); however, I would have to overcome the shield and the magic because I would be subtracting 2 from my roll. This penalty could be easily be understood and noted as a Defensive Bonus.
This implementation has a couple of consequences and a rather cool implication:
There can be major simplification of combat tables with only four types of AC.
There has to be a conversion of monster ACs that do not fall into these four types. For example, AC 4 becomes Chain/DB 1.
For those that want shields to play a larger role in D&D combat, this concept of shields giving a Defensive Bonus rather than affecting the AC allows for a greater range of bonuses than the meager +1 that normal D&D allows. These bonuses could be tied to size and/or material. For example:
Buckler +1DB
Small Shield +2DB
Large Shield +3DB
Tower Shield +4DB
I have yet to playtest such a system, but a imagine a major complaint might be the math. A reminder: there are very few bonuses in Holmes. Strength has no bearing on combat. Most encounters would require only the penalty due to a Defensive Bonus. For those so inclined, I imagine that implementing a house rule where rolling the exact number you need to hit (a 14 in the example above) would result in maximum damage or some kind of critical hit would give enough incentive that players would adapt very quickly.
Labels: AC, Cook, Holmes, Holmes+Cook
Holmes & Cook: Portown
If, as I do, one wants to place Portown and the example dungeon from Holmes into the region of the Grand Duchy of Karameikos, there is the rather difficult problem of where to place it. Holmes describes it this way:
Portown is a small but busy city linking the caravan routes from the south to the merchant ships that dare the pirate-infested waters of the Northern Sea. Humans and non-humans from all over the globe meet here.
In addition, the location of Zenopus' tower is above some cliffs looking over the sea. Thus, Portown lays next to the sea, along a coast line that runs north and south.
Cook informs us that the Black Peaks/Cruth Mountains/The Steach are on the north edge of the map and that there are easterly winds coming off of the sea. These two appear to be contradictory. There is a rather large and long mountain range that runs along the top of the map in Cook (who provides no compass rose), but the sea runs along the bottom of the map. This means that, except for a small peninsula south of Specularum, there really isn't any way for easterly winds to come off the ocean if the top of the map is, indeed, north.
I am going to take advantage of this contradiction, the lack of a compass rose and the various ways the word easterly can be defined to "rotate" the map provided by Cook 90° so that Fort Doom is north of Specularum. This accomplishes two things:
The coast now runs north-south, so as to reflect the way Holmes describes the location of Portown.
If one uses the mathematical definition of easterly — towards the east — this also allows there to be winds that blow towards the east off the sea.
The main problem with orienting the map this way is that the mountain range is no longer "running along the north side of the map" as Cook describes it. There is a portion of the range, however, that does now curve towards the west at the north edge of the rotated map. If the names Black Peaks/Cruth Mountains/The Steach are limited to this section in the north (leaving room for other sections of the mountains to be named at a later date), then Cook's description of this mountain range is generally true.
This means that the caravans coming from the south that Holmes describes as transferring their goods to ships to go north are coming from Specularum and Fort Doom. This places Portown either on the northern half of the Gulf of Halag or further up the coast. The most likely place for Portown would be the river mouth that empties into the Gulf.
There are now two questions that need to be answered:
Why do the caravans need to put their goods onto ships and not continue north?
What is so valuable that there are ships willing to sail through the pirate infested waters of the Northern Sea?
The first has one of two answers: either the area is infested with something even more dangerous than pirates, or the geography makes it impossible for caravans to get across. The latter is most likely (if that something is so dangerous, why isn't it eating the pirates?). I suspect the mountains continue to swing west until they meet the sea, making caravan travel impossible.
The answer to the second question depends upon whether the Grand Duchy is in the northern or southern hemisphere:
Since Cook indicates that there are Frost Giants on what is now the southern edge of the map, one could argue for the southern hemisphere, where the farther south one goes the colder it gets. In such a case, the trade in the Northern Sea could be driven by such things as spices, chocolate, cotton, tobacco and tea.
If one would rather have the Grand Duchy in the northern hemisphere, the Northern Sea would probably be too cold for things like spices. Trade items might include certain metals such as iron, platinum or certain kinds of steel. In addition, there might be a whaling industry. Personally, I can imagine a fantasy version of the narwhale whose oils burn twice as long as other oils and whose horns are more valuable than ivory — possibly because they are used by magic-users to create wands. I imagine them to be better at absorbing magical energies and are therefore beneficial in the creation of wands (possibly by cutting down in creation time).
Here is a close-up map I've created to show the location of Portown (note, I've also placed Skull Mountain in the area so that there are plenty of adventuring opportunities in the immediate area):
Labels: Cook, Holmes, Holmes+Cook, map
Saintly Saturday: Sts. Frontasius, Severinus, Severianus, and Silanus
Today is the feast day of the Holy Martyrs Frontasius, Severinus, Severianus, and Silanus. Theirs is a story that almost has a Grindhouse-kind of sensibility about it. They were sent into Southern Gaul to preach the Gospel during the reign of Emperor Claudius (A.D. 41-54). Arrested by the local governor, they refused to renounce Christ and were martyred.
This is when, according to tradition, things get a bit strange. During their martyrdom, Frontasius, Severinus, Severianus, and Silanus were tied to pillars outside the city, had nails thrust into their heads in the form of a crown of thorns and then were beheaded. The story does not end there, however. It is said that the four did not die. They picked up their heads and made their way into the city until they came to the Church where they placed their severed heads. After crossing themselves, they finally did die.
The Thorned Nails of Metopo
These macabre items appear as large iron nails wrapped in iron thorns and caked in dried blood. Though they radiate of magic, they have no effect upon the living. When driven into the head of a corpse, however, the magic with which they are embued becomes manifest. The corpse will animate and proceed to be unstoppably and undyingly driven to complete the one last earthly task that they had wanted to accomplish before they died. Once this task is complete, the corpse dies permanently. Spells such as Raise Dead, Reincarnation and Resurrection have no effect upon the body, no matter how well preserved or how long it has been dead.
Holmes & Cook: The Grand Duchy of Karameikos
I realize that this particular topic does not have much, if anything, to do with the rules, per se; however, within my thought experiment, the Grand Duchy of Karameikos as presented in Cook is virtually the only example I have of world-building. As such, I am actually very interested in what kind of information I can glean from a combination of the example dungeon in Holmes and the Grand Duchy in Cook.
The place I'd like to start with are names, because each name suggests a story. Put all the stories together and I see a bit of an interesting pattern:
Stefan Karameikos
According to Cook, this is the Grand Duke after which the map is named. The name Stefan invokes the first Christian king of Hungary. Though Karameikos is nothing more than a cool fantasy name, it does bear some resemblance to the Hungarian for staff and Nicholas. This very much suggests a divine magicky relic/artifact that might be known as The Staff of St. Nicholas, which may very well be a family heirloom and/or a symbol of the office of Grand Duke.
Koriszegy Keep
More popularly known as the Haunted Keep, this name is even more suggestive of Hungarian with its sz and gy. Szegy means breast and kor can either mean heart, circle, age or disease. Taken together, all these words suggest some kind of tragic love story. Its outcome may very well be the origin of the haunting that the keep is now more famous for.
Gulf of Halag
Since we already have two names which are Hungarianesque, I find it interesting how close Halag is to the Hungarian for death. The Gulf of Death would be a great place to put Fort Doom, don't you think?
Ludwig von Hendriks
Speaking of Fort Doom, the Baron has a most German name. In combination with all of this psuedo-Hungarian it calls to mind the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which is quite brilliant, actually. Take a look at the sheer number of nationalities and languages that could be found inside the borders of the Austro-Hungarian Empire:
Ruthenian
This can easily justify all kinds of different character backgrounds and names, as well as the existence of demi-humans within borders of the Grand Duchy.
There was also plenty of ethnic chauvinism within the Empire. Despite claims to the contrary, I have never got the feeling that the Hungary part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire were playing anything but second fiddle to the Austrian part. This suggests a reason why the Grand Duke would allow an obvious baddy like Baron von Hendriks to have control over any part of the Grand Duchy. Despite being only a Baron, von Hendriks has a pseudo-Austrian heritage compared to Karameikos' pseudo-Hungarian. Therefore von Hendriks' heritage/contacts have enough pull over the Grand Duke to get his little barony.
Luln
Though this is basically a meaningless made up name, it does have a Germanic flavor — which fits, given that the town is made up primarily of refugees from von Hendricks' Black Eagle Barony.
Black Eagle Barony
Speaking of which, the name itself doesn't suggest much; however, a black eagle on a gold field is a heraldic symbol used by Germany. This puts more weight behind the idea that von Hendricks has some family and friends in very high places.
Black Peaks/Cruth Mtns./The Steach
Though Steach has a passing resemblance to the German for rise or climb, these names don't imply much; however, it does support the Austro-Hungarian vibe. If you travel within the various parts of Europe that used to be part of the Empire, you will notice that all of the towns will have different names depending upon who you ask.
Specularum
This is the first real departure from the Austro-Hungarian vibe. It has more of a Latinesque name related to the root of the word speculate. Cook informs us that it was originally a port when the area was first being explored. Given the name, I would guess that the original port and exploration was done by a different people than the ones who currently occupy it. Personally, I would need to decide as to whether this change of hands happened within context of the modern civilization or the classical civilization implied in Holmes. Given the Latin-flavor of the name, I am inclined to choose the latter.
Portown
This is the location of the sample dungeon in Holmes. I find it interesting that it could be understood in one of two ways: — it is a town with a port or it is a poor town.
Zenopus
This is the magic user that dug the tunnels that now make up at least part of the sample dungeon in Holmes. The name suggests the Greek for foreigner and foot. Thus, he might very well represent various attempts by a foreign power at getting a toe-hold in the area around Portown. This foreign power is most likely Chaotic and pagan, given Zenopus' activities. This also suggests that Portown is not necessarily within the borders and protection of the Grand Duchy, if this foreign power sees fit to send its agents to explore the ancient city that lies beneath with such impunity.
Thus, by taking all of these names together in order to tell some stories and seeing patterns, three political entities suggest themselves:
A multi-ethnic/national/racial/linguistic empire modeled roughly on Central Europe. It is part of the modern (Christian/pseudo-Christian) civilization. Despite this, it is plagued by ethnic/racial chauvinism. There may very well be a rivalry between the Grand Duke and the Baron of Black Eagle. Whereas the Baron has friends in high places, the Grand Duke is the current holder of the Staff of St. Nicholas, an artifact that brings both power and prestige.
A foreign (possibly secret) power that harkens back to the classical civilization. They are Chaotic and very interested in the arcane secrets of the ancient civilization. They have agents that they send into other countries to find and procure these ancient secrets. Given that Cook gives the Baron a reputation for possible connections with slavers, he may very well be working with this foreign power in order to give him an upper hand in his rivalry with the Grand Duke.
The country and people that originally explored and settled the lands of the Grand Duchy. This may have been the outskirts of a Rome-like empire of the classical civilization just prior to its collapse. Remnants of it litter the land.
Labels: Cook, Holmes, Holmes+Cook, world building
Holmes & Cook: Rangers
Yesterday, J.B. of B/X Blackrazor reacted to my recasting of the Holmesian Thief in context of Bilbo Baggins by reminding me of his previous post, How Bilbo Baggins Ruined Everything. In his latest post, he is Hating on Rangers. Therefore, I though it apropos to propose the optional Ranger class for a Holmes & Cook amalgam.
Please note: I am not trying to start some kind of war of words with J.B. who actually makes some very compelling arguments (if a little crude at times). He tends to be a B/X partisan and as such I greatly sympathize with him because I, too, feel it is one of the best versions of the game; however, I also greatly enjoy tinkering. And this whole thought experiment is exactly about that — framing a tinkering project within the confines of Holmes and Cook. Therefore, I am merely sending some gentle ribbing J.B.'s way…
The Holmesian Ranger
Rangers are specialized fighting-men who concentrate on missile combat. They are hunters, scouts, skirmishers and/or outriders. They become expert marksmen at the expense of other kinds of combat. As such, they may only use Missile Weapons or Thrown Weapons. This specialization, however, allows rangers to have the following advantages in missile combat:
Unlike other classes, rangers do not need to fire in volleys. When firing into a group, they need not randomly determine their target. Rather, they can shoot at a specific target.
As a result, they are able to fire into melee where friendlies are involved and not risk shooting one of their own party.
They are also better at tracking and at spotting things in an outdoor environment than other classes. They begin with a chance of 2 in 6 and increase this in the same progression as a Thief (aka Burglar) has with hear noise.
Like other fighting-men, rangers may wear any kind of armor; however, wearing heavy armor negates their targeting abilities (they may only fire in volleys).
They use the same XP progression and saving throws as other fighting-men.
Question: I am curious if there is any opinion out there as to whether or not to have a Dex requirement of 13 or to allow certain demi-humans to be rangers (personally, I am considering elves and halflings, but not dwarves).
Labels: Cook, Holmes, Holmes+Cook, Ranger
Holmes & Cook: Mr. Baggins & the Thief Class
Over at Grognardling, Staples has taken on the onerous task of rehabilitating the thief class. One of the first things that he did was to tackle the idea that the thief has no archetype. Arguing that there are plenty of thiefly archetypes, he came up with an impressive list, including a Mr. Bilbo Baggins. He then goes on to insist on a name change for the class. He does this in order to better reflect his new list of archetypes.
Frankly, I think this is a brilliant idea. Following in his footsteps, I would like to propose a name change for the Holmesian Thief, where the archetype is Mr. Bilbo Baggins.
The reason I choose Mr. Baggins as archetype is because Tolkien casts such a long shadow over Holmes. Bilbo, more than any other character on Staple's list, fits into a Holmesian vision of D&D. So much so, that he implies that halflings can become thieves. The name I propose for the Holmesian Thief is the title that Gandalf gives Mr. Baggins in Tolkien's classic The Hobbit — Burglar.
Please note the definition of burglary in the Webster's Dictionary:
the act of breaking into a building esp. with intent to steal.
Given that the Holmesian thief has the primary function of opening doors, I think this is eminently appropriate.
In light of this name change and its homage to the archetype of Mr. Baggins, I want to take a quick look and all of the burglar abilities in light of this archetype.
Open Locks: as I have noted before this ability does not impede other classes from opening locks. Everybody has a base chance to open doors of 2 in 6. This burglar ability, then, represents an extra and stealthy attempt to open doors for the adventuring party. If this attempt should fail, the party still has an opportunity to surprise whatever lies behind the door with a normal 2 in 6 chance to open a door.
Remove Traps: personally, this is my least favorite ability of any thief class. Keeping in mind Mr. Baggins, however, this ability can be re-skinned as a saving throw. Bilbo Baggins never really removed a trap, rather he was in the right place at the right time. Thus, remove traps can become a saving throw for when a player fails to figure out to how disarm a particular trap. Making the save means that the burglar is in the right place at the right time. Therefore, every class still has the opportunity to disarm traps. The burglar just has a better knack for it.
Pick Pockets: like remove traps, I am not a fan of this ability. Its primary purpose seems to be to steal from party members (something that more often than not can ruin the fun of an evening). Yet, Mr. Baggins does display some sleight of hand. Therefore, I think this burglar ability needs to be treated in much the same way as Remove Traps — as a saving throw. If a player fails to adequately describe the working plan on how to use sleight of hand, the burglar is allowed this saving throw. Again, this does not prevent other classes from trying — it just gives a burglar an extra chance not to fail.
Move Silently & Hide in Shadows: these abilities represent the burglar's affinity towards being sneaky (something Mr. Baggins was very good at). This is where I am willing to take a major departure from the traditional mechanics of the thief class. Everyone can be sneaky. Mechanically, this is represented by the surprise roll. Every class has a 2 in 6 chance of surprising an opponent. The traditional percentile rolls for move silently and hide in shadows divorce these abilities from the normal surprise roll. When a thief has the ability to backstab these percentiles seem necessary. The Holmesian thief, however, has no backstab ability. Therefore, move silently and hide in shadows serve no real mechanical purpose.
Rather than using these percentiles, I propose that a burglar has an increased chance to surprise. At first level this could start out at 3 in 6. Using the same progression pattern as hear noise, this would increase to 4 in 6 at 5th and 5 in 6 at 9th.
This surprise could be handled in one of two ways. The first would be to grant this surprise to everyone in a party that includes a burglar. The other is to allow the possibility for a burglar to have a round of surprise while the rest of the party does not. This latter approach treads closer to the literary source material. There were many times where Bilbo Baggins seems to have an opportunity to act while the rest of his party does not.
Hear Noise: humans have a 1 in 6 chance to hear noise. Demi-humans have a 2 in 6 chance. Burglars, whether human or no, begin the game with a 2 in 6 chance and get better as they increase in level. For the reason that it really needs no re-skinning or tweaking, this is my favorite of all the thieves' abilities.
I must say that given these few small tweaks, I am far more comfortable with the Holmesian Thief ( a.k.a. the Burglar) than I am with virtually any other version of this class. That is not something I was expecting to be able to say...
Labels: Cook, Holmes, Holmes+Cook, Thief
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Did I mention I love my Instant Pot!?? | Amazing Grace over Perfection.
homeschooling, homemaking and homesteading with chronic fatigue.
Did I mention I love my Instant Pot!??
I have really been enjoying using my instant pot lately and I have really been grateful for the time, energy and stress it has been saving me on meals while trying to get the boy's caught up on the schoolwork that slid while I was sick at the start of this pregnancy. So I thought I would share my favorite recipes and ways I use my instant pot with you!
It's so easy! I also used the same recipe the other day to cook pumpkin to freeze, which worked super slick! I'm really looking forward to using my instant pots next year to help preserve garden produce as with my fatigue this year and moving last year, a lot of my garden just went to waste with the amount of time and energy it takes to cook and preserve things in the oven and on the stovetop.
I have used my instant pot for this more than anything else! Soo easy!
Coconut Yogurt recipe if your dairy free.
So much faster and easier than making it on the stove!
Great for cooking dry beans for chili (see below) in very little time!
My husband makes great chili that he just makes up as he goes and I have tried a few different recipes including different lentil chili's all with fairly good success! If your using ground beef just brown it with onions on the high saute feature, add the rest of the ingredients, put the lid on, make sure the pressure switch is closed and hit the chili button! Serve as is or over rice to make it go further.
I like making it in the instant pot as I can set it and forget it. My husband on the other hand still maintains that it cooks better and faster in a pot on the stove. You will have to try it for yourself and see which works best for you.
This is a big favorite in our house! Even my soup-hating child asks for seconds!
I haven't made this one myself yet. But my mom made it for my birthday and it was soo yummy! My son is corn free so she subbed the cornstarch for Arrowroot ( you could use tapioca as well) and left out the fish sauce.
Forgot to thaw your frozen ground beef? This is so slick and easy!
These are our family's favorites! I hope you got some new recipes and ideas to try!
Let me know in the comments what your favorite Instant Pot recipes are or what you're most excited to try in your Instant Pot!
The newer 9 in 1 http://amzn.to/2AEQv0Y which only comes in 6qt, but has new sterilizing, cake, and egg settings!
I AM A PARTICIPANT IN THE AMAZON ASSOCIATES PROGRAM, AN AFFILIATE ADVERTISING PROGRAM DESIGNED TO PROVIDE A MEANS FOR ME TO EARN FEES BY LINKING TO AMAZON AND AFFILIATED SITES. THANKS FOR YOUR SUPPORT.
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Hey! You forgot I made a lamb roast in it too that was pretty yummy!
Mine is on the way! I'm going to have to check out some of these recipes!


What happened in Project Hessdalen year 2002.
The old data from the magnetometer is now in the database. You may get them by going to the sensorpage.
The results from Massimo Teodorani and Gloria Nobili research in Hessdalen this summer is presented today in their report, which is found at this page.
Erling Strand, Bjørn-Gitle Hauge and the student Sten Hvidsten are cleaning up in Hessdalen, and are going back to Sarpsborg with the rest of the instruments that was used in the Science Camp.
The pupils and their teachers are going back to Ørje, and 3 of the students are going back to Sarpsborg.
Leif Lervik is going back to Sarpsborg.
Arnulf Løken is going back home to Levanger.
The next 34 pupils together with their 4 teachers from Marker ungdomsskole, arrives in Hessdalen for doing Science Camp. Leif Lervik from Østfold University College, and Arnulf Løken from UFO-Norway, are coming for helping in doing the Science Camp.
The pupils and their teachers, and 3 of the students are going back to Sarpsborg.
The first 41 pupils together with their 5 teachers from Hafslund ungdomsskole, and 7 students from Østfold University College arrives in Hessdalen for doing Science Camp. Today did also Bjørn-Gitle Hauge from Østfold University College arrive, with his car fulled up with instruments.
Erling Strand travel til Hessdalen for doing the final preparations for Science Camp.
Workshop at nufos in Ålen.
The program for the workshop is put on the web.
The weather station is installed.
The SGI-indy computer is working correctly at 6:00 P.M. At 11:05 P.M., the hard-disc failed after a power failure.
The SGI-indy is back from repear. - You are now on the new PC for this web.
Erling Strand back from the USA. - A new PC for this website has arrived. This will make it possible for you to pick out the data you want from the new sensors, which will be installed in June. - During the operation of transfering webdata from this PC to the new PC, it will look like the station is down. The fact is that we let the data from the station go to the new PC. This will be available for you when the new PC for this web is set into regular operation. The new PC will have the same address as this one.
Erling Strand goes to the USA today.
The connection to Hessdalen AMS went down today, some minutes past 3:00 PM. We have some problems with the CISCO-router. We will get a new one.
The connection to Hessdalen AMS went down this morning.
New films is put on the web today. The connection to Hessdalen AMS went up today, just before 2 P.M.
The connection to Hessdalen AMS went down today.
Made a new mask picture for the black-and-white system.
The group of students at School of Computer Science, Østfold College, which this spring shall work with improvement of the Hessdalen AMS.
The firt letter to "Project Hessdalen friends" was send out to the members today.
The connection to Hessdalen AMS went up today, just before 1 P.M.
The connection to Hessdalen AMS went down today, just before 5 P.M.
The connection to Hessdalen AMS went up today, just before 9 A.M.
The connection to Hessdalen AMS went down today, just before 6 A.M.
A meeting with Dr.Stelio Montebugnoli (et al) at CNR Istituto di radioastronomia, for discussing the future cooperation.
A meeting with Dr.Massimo Teodorani, for discussing the future cooperation.
The connection to Hessdalen AMS went up today, at 4 P.M.
The connection to Hessdalen AMS went down today at 4 P.M.
to 16.01.2002, did Erling Strand and Bjørn Gitle Hauge attend the SKA Workshop in Bologna, Italy. One of the reasons was to find out if there could be possible to install such an antenna in Hessdalen.
A meeting with representatives from the Italian Committe for Project Hessdalen (ICPH), for discussing the future cooperation.
System 2 is running again.
Hessdalen AMS start running at 10:30 A.M., only with system 1.
Hessdalen AMS went down just past 10:00 A.M.
Last update 23 July 2004 15:24:17.


TV, PRINT, OUTDOOR, BRANDED CONTENT, DIGITAL, SOCIAL.
With the rise in popularity of local craft brews, MillerCoors sought to reignite the enjoyment people have taken for over a century in their classic beers. What better way to tell that story than to go to their 8 brewing communities nationwide. Gathering stories from the people I met: from a fourth-generation barley farmer to a decades long ballpark beer vendor to a team dedicated to turning brewery waste water into green energy–I could see the passion for this company, and its beers, runs deep. The results became a multi-channel campaign that was a celebration of MillerCoors and its partners, employees and fans.
and their employees, partners and fellow community members.
I then brought these stories into print and out-of-home.
market with an insider nod to residents.


text:
Lehigh Valley Health Network
Sort by name (A-Z)
Sort by name (Z-A)
Sharif Ali, M.D.
Renal and Transplantation Pathology
Kirsten S. W. Bellucci, MD
1995 Summer Research Fellow-Sonserai Lee, M.S., Knowledge Recovery Foundation. Traveled to various riverside native communities in Peruvian Amazon basin to collect, identify, and discuss local medicinal plants with the indigenous people and the village shaman
Dana Scholar Research Project (MC) Irvin Schmoyer, Ph.D., Biology Dept., Muhlenberg College. Developed a picture library of structural aspects of normal cells using fluorescent microscopy
Daniel F Brown MD, MBA
Chair, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
Medical Neurobiology
Medical Pathology
Neuropatholgy
Elizabeth A. Dellers, M.D.
Vice Chair, Network Affairs
Heba Y. Durra, M.D.
Lung Tissue Research Consortium (LTRC), July 2010 – November 2014, National Institute of Health (NIH). Co-investigator 5%.
Lisa E.A. Dwyer-Joyce, MD
Master's Thesis, 1992, University College Dublin, Ireland – The Spectrum of Immunodeficiency Related Lymphoproliferative Disease: A Histopathological and In-situ Hybridization Study.
Shereen M.F. Gheith, M.D., PhD.
Shanth A. Goonewardene, M.D.
Utilizing K ras analysis to increase the sensitivity of detecting adenocarcinoma in fine needle aspiration cytology specimens.
Creating a digital study set of gastrointestinal pathology to be used for education for medical students( USF and others) rotating through our department.
Detecting Isolated Tumor Cells in Body Effusion Cytology Specimens.
Jillian R. Grau, M.D.
Michael W. Johnson, PhD, MD.
Medical and Forensic Pathology
Sherry Li, M.D.
Surgical Pathologist
Victoria A Loven, M.D., FCAP
Hina A. Sheikh, M.D.
5/2000-12/2000 •	The Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pathology, Designed and constructed tissue micro-arrays of lung and breast cancers for simultaneous immunohistochemical analysis of multiple tumor samples. 6/2005 •Leiden University, Netherlands, Department of Dermatology, Studied histology and immunohistochemistry of cutaneous lymphomas. 2006 •	University of Pittsburgh Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Compared IgH Biomed-2 multiplex PCR assay to in-house PCR assay for detection of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement in B-cell lymphoid infiltrates. 2007 •University of Pittsburgh, Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Evaluated three different methods of DNA extraction from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded skin specimens.
Gary A. Stopyra, M.D.
Health Network Laboratories
Medicine and Health Sciences 14
Pathology 14
Neurosciences 1
Medical Neurobiology 1
Medical Pathology 1
Neurology 1
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 2
1995 Summer Research Fellow-Sonserai Lee, M.S., Knowledge Recovery Foundation. Traveled to various riverside native communities in Peruvian Amazon basin to collect, identify, and discuss local medicinal plants with the indigenous people and the village shaman 1
5/2000-12/2000 •	The Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pathology, Designed and constructed tissue micro-arrays of lung and breast cancers for simultaneous immunohistochemical analysis of multiple tumor samples. 6/2005 •Leiden University, Netherlands, Department of Dermatology, Studied histology and immunohistochemistry of cutaneous lymphomas. 2006 •	University of Pittsburgh Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Compared IgH Biomed-2 multiplex PCR assay to in-house PCR assay for detection of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement in B-cell lymphoid infiltrates. 2007 •University of Pittsburgh, Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Evaluated three different methods of DNA extraction from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded skin specimens. 1
Creating a digital study set of gastrointestinal pathology to be used for education for medical students( USF and others) rotating through our department. 1
Dana Scholar Research Project (MC) Irvin Schmoyer, Ph.D., Biology Dept., Muhlenberg College. Developed a picture library of structural aspects of normal cells using fluorescent microscopy 1
Detecting Isolated Tumor Cells in Body Effusion Cytology Specimens. 1
Lung Tissue Research Consortium (LTRC), July 2010 – November 2014, National Institute of Health (NIH). Co-investigator 5%. 1
Master's Thesis, 1992, University College Dublin, Ireland – The Spectrum of Immunodeficiency Related Lymphoproliferative Disease: A Histopathological and In-situ Hybridization Study. 1
Medical and Forensic Pathology 1
Neuropatholgy 1
Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 1
Renal and Transplantation Pathology 1
Utilizing K ras analysis to increase the sensitivity of detecting adenocarcinoma in fine needle aspiration cytology specimens. 1
Department of Pathology & laboratory Medicine 3
NCI Community Cancer Program (NCCCP) 1
Physician 14

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Laminar Flow occurs for Reynolds Number less than 2100 and is characterized by low flow velocity and high fluid viscosity. For pipe flow applications,... The Reynolds number (Re) is an important dimensionless quantity in fluid mechanics used to help predict flow patterns in different fluid flow situations.
Laminar Flow occurs for Reynolds Number less than 2100 and is characterized by low flow velocity and high fluid viscosity. For pipe flow applications,... Dividing the Mach number by the Reynolds number: One of the most widely used applications for the Knudsen number is in microfluidics and MEMS device design.


This photo was taken on the night of July 7 in a hotel we stayed in Moscow. Q has been crazy about sports since last year- that's a huge change, four years ago he even didn't enjoy watching soccer matches because he didn't like any win-loss games. Luckily we didn't miss the football games during the trip and even screamed with people from various countries.


14th St between 6th and 7th Ave is the site of Science Teacher Sarah's classroom.
Open the door and the magic begins! Look around and spy our butterfly specimens, but that's just the start. From the floor to the ceiling there are hundreds of exciting things to look at and learn about. The classroom area has hardwood floors that can take a messy experiment!
Just a tiny cross section of our amazing classroom specimens and visual tools include: Boney Betty, evolution skulls, Hairy Terri the Tarantula, minerals, cathedral geodes, Darth Gator, dragon flies, anatomy models, Yurick the Skull, dragons, fairies, butterflies, and models of our Solar System.
Even our bathroom is packed with non living specimens! Our ocean-themed bathroom has sea urchins, sea stars, sponges, sea fans, lots of coral … even a puffer fish!
The Animal/Toy room has tons of great, Junior Scientist approved toys! Not to mention all of the wonderful live animals. We've adopted Hermit Crabs, Snails, Madagascar Hissing Cockroaches, Charlotte the Tarantula, parakeets, plenty of Frogs and Turtles, Stanley the Aztec Corn Snake, Buddy the Albino Burmese Python and more!
Finally, the Short-Wave Cave is truly a sight for your eyes! It is filled with short-wave light that makes certain colors fluoresce! We have surprises inside as well as handmade artwork from our Junior Scientists!


Yes. Acupuncture is used by millions of Americans every year. Acupuncturists are required to undergo extensive education, including detailed study of human anatomy and training in Clean Needle Technique. We have passed comprehensive national board examinations administered by the National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM) and am licensed by the state. As required by law, New England Integrated Health uses pre-sterilized, disposable, single-use needles to ensure your complete safety.


The year 2005 is expected to be the year of "outsourcing".
In case this word is new to you, then prepare yourself to the fact that this will be the buzz word of 2005.
Outsourcing is the act of exporting jobs to 3rd world countries, for the benefit of saving on production and administration costs.
The most popular form of outsourcing to this day is IT outsourcing, and the most popular countries where you can outsource IT jobs to are Romania and India.
For example: your firm is spending a lot of money hiring programmers to do some programming tasks and software writing that do not need special skills. You decide to cut costs by exporting these jobs to India, and let the same tasks be done by professional Indians instead of Americans, because their labor rate is a lot lower. This would easily save you money, sometimes up to 80%, that you can spend on other primary jobs (e.g: marketing).
Outsourcing does not only help you save money, but also gives you that push needed to walk and extra step towards winning the competitive market.
Today, and in the world of "online business", and to make things even easier for you, SupportUniverse.com (http://www.supportuniverse.com) has launched a new marketplace where programmers meet recruiters. All you need to do is post your project and let skilled workers around the world compete to bid on delivering the best work for the lowest cost and the shortest period of time. You can then select the best offer.
Although some people oppose the idea of outsourcing, the fact is that it is spreading like fever and it is becoming more and more "mandatory" for those who want to succeed in the internet world.
Raymond Walsh, CEO of "Business 4 Pleasure", and monthly printed newsletter targetting small and medium sized businesses.


text:
Introduction to giftedness and talent: Australasian perspectives.
Ballam, Nadine Dawn; Moltzen, Roger
Accepted version, 67.00Kb
10.1007/978-981-10-6701-3
www.springer.com
Ballam, N. D., & Moltzen, R. (2017). Introduction to giftedness and talent: Australasian perspectives. In N. D. Ballam & R. Moltzen (Eds.), Giftedness and talent: Australasian perspectives. (pp. 1–6). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6701-3
The impetus for this book was a desire to make contemporary research more accessible to those with an interest in giftedness and talent; policymakers, re-searchers, students, practitioners, parents and gifted individuals themselves. The end product of doctoral research has traditionally been a large thesis that sits on either a physical or virtual 'shelf'. This work may not often be accessed or read by people with increasingly busy lives or, worse still, those who would be interested in this work may never have any knowledge of its existence. With this in mind, we have endeavoured to present the authors' doctoral research in a format that is readily available and showcases recent work in the area of giftedness and talent. In an era of limited official support for gifted education in Australia and New Zealand, it seems fitting to acknowledge some of the val-uable work that many are contributing to this field. It is promising to note a re-cent upsurge in doctoral theses in this field where, internationally, there has not been a tradition of robust, quality-assured research. Each one of the in-depth studies presented in this book has been defended before and examined by a panel of expert peer reviewers.
Chapter in Book
Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd
© 2017 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.This is the author's accepted version. The final publication is available at Springer via dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6701-3_1
Education Papers [1408]


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That this plugin's functionality isn't incorporated into bbPress is completely unbelievable. The entire rest of the online world, FB, Twitter, etc., all list the most recent replies first. THANK YOU to SandyRig for this awesome addition to an undeniably great forum (but one that needs to consider the average end user's instincts a bit more).
have you tried bbp 2.5.8 w/ wordpress 4.4 ?
Oh my goodness,,, simply GREAT... Thank you so much.


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