text:
August 2012 Pain Research Updates
Cash Patient: A Clinical Dilemma
Common Opioid-Drug Interactions: What Clinicians Need to Know
Compliance in Pain Patients: Balancing Need to Test With Need to Treat
Cytochrome P450 Testing In High-dose Opioid Patients
Discharging a Patient Suspected of Diversion
Examining the Safety of Joint Injections In Patients on Warfarin
Letters to the Editor from August 2012
Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery— Who Can it Help?
Severe, chronic pain patients who seek opioid dosages above normal standards should now be tested for genetic cytochrome P450 deficiencies.
By Forest Tennant, MD, DrPH
While it is common knowledge that the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme system is critical for the metabolism of some opioids, genotype testing of pain patients for CYP450 polymorphism has not been generally recommended.1,2 This situation, however, may change as pain specialists begin to recognize that patients who require high doses of opioids may have a genetic defect that may affect their ability to metabolize these agents.
In the past, genotyping for CYP450 polymorphisms was not cost effective or convenient. However, testing technology, commercial availability, third-party reimbursement, and most of all, clinical understanding, have recently coalesced to make CYP450 genetic testing an essential component of high-dose opioid therapy. It is my recommendation, therefore, that patients who require more than 150 mg per day of morphine equivalents be tested for three specific CYP defects—2D6, 2C9, and 2C19.
To study the validity of genotype testing, I prospectively studied 66 patients on high-dose opioids in my pain clinic. The study found that the vast majority of these patients had CYP450 defects.
What Is CYP450?
Although the name cytochrome P450 is somewhat unfortunate—perhaps a better name would have been "drug metabolizing enzyme system"—the enzyme derives its name from the heme pigment (deep red color), which absorbs light at a characteristic wavelength of 450 nanometers. CYP450 enzymes are primarily found in the liver, but can exist in the intestine, lungs, brain, and kidney. The CYP450 system consists of 481 separate genes that code for 74 unique families. A family name is denoted by an Arabic number, the subfamily by a Roman uppercase letter, and the individual enzymes by another Arabic number following the letter indicating the subfamily (ie, CYP-2D6).3-5
Why Is CYP450 Important?
There are a number of opioids that are affected by CYP450 (Table 1).6-20 Those that are metabolized via CYP enzymes include codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, tramadol (Ultram), fentanyl, and methadone. Some of these opioids are metabolized to metabolites for analgesic effectiveness and for elimination from the body to prevent a toxic build-up of opioids. Those opioids that are unaffected or mildly affected by CYP450 include morphine, hydromorphone, oxymorphone (Opana), and tapentadol (Nucynta).6-19 Three opioids—hydromorphone, oxymorphone, and tapentadol—primarily use the alternate system, glucuronidation, for metabolism, so they may be used as therapeutic alternatives for clinical trials in patients who have defective CYP450 metabolism.1,20
Patients vary in their CYP enzyme expression and function, which leads to distinct phenotypes. Genetic CYP testing has a terminology that may be unfamiliar to some medical practitioners.4 Laboratory results will list patient results as extensive metabolizer (EM; normal enzyme), rapid or ultrarapid metabolizer (UM; overactive enzyme), intermediate metabolizer (IM; underactive), or poor metabolizer (PM; inactive or minimally active). The latter two, IM and PM, mean the enzyme has decreased function (Table 2).21
It is also important to point out that most opioids will act without biotransformation at the opioid receptor, and provide pain relief without being metabolized by the CYP or glucuronidation system. However, some opioids are robustly metabolized in first-pass effect. This explains the increasing utilization of sublingual, buccal, patch, subcutaneous and intravenous injection, and intrathecal routes for opioid administration, since these non-oral routes allow either greater opioid effect or reach the central nervous system (CNS) prior to entering the liver.
Who Should Be Screened?
No published guidelines yet exist for generalized testing of the CYP system outside of certain populations (specific cancers, patients requiring anticoagulation, and human immunodeficiency virus patients). A major reason to perform CYP450 genetic testing is to identify pain patients who legitimately require a high-dose, or unusual, opioid regimen.2,22 This includes patients who continually complain of inadequate pain relief despite standard opioid dosages, identify drugs that are more effective, or describe medicines that do not work well. Patients with a daily morphine equivalent dosage requirement of more than 150 mg per day should be tested to help validate that a high opioid dosage is needed. Caution must be exercised, however. All too often, these patients may be erroneously labeled as drug seekers or addicts. Before these labels are applied to a patient in pain, CYP450 testing should be considered.
Another reason to consider testing is the risk of drug–drug interactions (DDIs). A significant number of drugs may inhibit or enhance (induce) the activity of certain agents, thereby increasing or reducing clinical effects of drugs. Most DDIs involving opioid medications involve CYP450 inhibitors, which cause an increased level of opioids in the system—thus, placing a patient at risk of sedation, respiratory depression, and possible toxic effect.1,10,13
CYP450 testing also may guide the practitioner in the selection of opioids that are compatible with a patient's genetic status. For example, a patient with a CYP-2D6 defect may not respond well to codeine, which is considered a prodrug with the active metabolite morphine. Therefore, the efficacy and safety of codeine as an analgesic are governed by CYP-2D6 polymorphisms. Codeine has little therapeutic effect in patients who are CYP-2D6 PMs, whereas the risk of morphine toxicity following codeine administration is higher in UMs.23
Since the CYP450 system is primarily liver-based, routes that avoid oral administration and first-pass liver metabolism may be an option in certain populations. This is particularly true in patients who demonstrate multiple CYP defects. Non-oral routes include sublingual, buccal, suppository, injection, topical (patches), and intrathecal.
Three CYPs to Test
Of all the enzymes in the CYP family, researchers have identified three that account for a significant amount of opioid metabolism and may currently be tested—2D6, 2C9, and 2C19 (Table 3).1,3,12 These three enzymes have been intensively studied and there are now data detailing their interactions with numerous drugs.1,4 Laboratory testing technology is reliable for these three enzymes, and third-party carriers, including Medicare, are now paying for these tests. Biologic samples for analysis can be taken from saliva, blood, or a buccal swab.
Since opioids clearly appear to use the CYP450 system, as opposed to a single enzyme, every enzyme need not be tested to detect an abnormal system.4-6 Based on the author's experience, these three enzymes will identify a high percentage, if not the majority, of patients who have a defective opioid metabolizing system and require a high opioid dosage. Also, many high-dose opioid patients have multiple defects in their CYP450 opioid-metabolizing system, and testing of these three CYP450s can identify many of these individuals.
CYP-3A4, another major metabolic enzyme, is less likely to have variations than the three cited above. Although it is known to be involved in opioid metabolism, commercial testing is just becoming available and the quality of the testing is not yet clear.15-19 The author has used commercial testing of CYP-3A4, but has not yet found it to identify patients who have a defective CYP system that could not have been identified by testing 2D6, 2C9, or 2C19. Consequently, testing for 3A4 is not recommended at this time.
A deficiency of any one of the three enzymes will require clinical interpretation and judgment as to which opioids should be prescribed. Most pain patients who have a CYP defect will require higher-than-normal opioid dosages or an opioid that does not use the CYP system.1,7
There are only a few basic guidelines regarding the selection of opioids. If a patient is a PM (90% to 100% reduced function) of CYP-2D6, for example, codeine, hydrocodone, tramadol, or low-dose oxycodone may not be as effective as other choices because this enzyme is required to activate or convert these four opioids to active metabolites.3,11 The opioids fentanyl and methadone can be affected at least to some degree by abnormalities of the CYP enzyme system and potentially require a higher-than-normal dosage.4,15,17-19
An IM designation usually means that the enzyme is functioning at a reduced capacity (about 50% reduced function). Individuals carrying the IM designation will metabolize opioids, but are underactive and require a high dose to prime or force metabolism. An individual who carries the UM gene is likely to metabolize opioids too quickly; thus, potentially requiring a higher dose.
Although in vitro or animal studies may suggest that an opioid is more prone to be metabolized by one of the three enzymes tested, clinical observations in patients suggest that these three enzymes interact with each other and any defect in any enzyme clinically appears to affect opioid metabolism. There is also great variability between patients. It is clear, however, that any defect in the CYP450 enzyme system may require high or altered opioid dosing, or consideration for alternative opioid or analgesic therapy.
More important than attempting to select an opioid in an uncertain CYP450 system is to always start opioids at a low dosage and titrate the dosage upward.
Genetic Characteristics And Diseases
One genetic defect tends to beget another. In my experience, patients with a genetic disease such as ankylosing spondylitis, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, sickle cell anemia, and immunologic disorders seem to have a high prevalence of CYP450 deficiencies.24 (See Figures 1 and 2 for case examples.)
Patients with CYP450 defects tend to report that they have a history of requiring extra dental or surgical anesthesia.2 They may also shun alcohol as they may have a toxic reaction to it—alcohol requires the CYP450 system to convert to acetaldehyde, the non-toxic metabolite. Other patients with CYP450 defects report they must drink excessively to get "high" or they may become violently ill with vomiting and even black out.2
To help provide CYP450 testing guidelines, I studied 66 intractable pain patients who take at least 150 mg equivalent of morphine each day. An intractable pain patient is defined as one who has constant pain due to a condition that has no known cure, and has failed to respond to standard pain treatments including standard opioid dosages. These patients attended the author's clinic on four consecutive days in May 2012. DNA samples were collected by use of a buccal swab and analyzed by one commercial laboratory (Genelex, Seattle, Washington).
All the patients in the study were believed to have "centralized" their peripheral pain. All were initially referred to this specialty clinic after failing to respond to standard opioid dosages, as well as such ancillary measures as corticosteroid interventions, electromagnetic measures, surgery, physical therapies, and medical management with neuropathic agents. All patients enrolled have a primary care physician, and family members must be involved and attend office visits with the patient. All patients were on stabilized opioid dosages for at least three months. Patients and family members attested that every patient was functional, ambulatory, non–bed-bound, and able to carry out normal activities of daily living such as dressing, eating, and toiletry. At the time of testing, patients were asked if they had ever taken hydrocodone, codeine, or tramadol—three agents known to be metabolized by CYP450—and whether they experienced pain relief with them.
Of the 66 patients, 55 (83.3%) were found to have one or more CYP450 defects. This is a much higher prevalence of defects than found in the general population, which is estimated at 20% to 30%.25 An examination of the individual cases found that 21 of the 66 patients (31.8%) had two CYP450 defects, and an additional 6 patients (9.1%) had three CYP450 defects.
Table 4 provides the results for each individual patient. Please note that patients had widely varied responses to hydrocodone, codeine, and tramadol, despite having a defective CYP450 system. The literature states that CYP-2D6 is a significant component for the metabolism of these three drugs.6,9,11 This information, however, is primarily derived from in vitro or animal studies. Until there is more elucidation of enzyme specificity in humans, the author recommends that the three CYP450 enzymes tested here be viewed as one interconnected system. Any single defective CYP450 enzyme may disturb normal opioid dosing and metabolism. Put another way, any defect in CYP-2D6, 2C19, or 2C9 should prompt the practitioner to be prepared to use a non-standard and/or high-dose opioid regimen.
Table 4: CYP450 deficiencies in 66 patients who take high-dose opioids
Limitation of the Study
As noted in Table 4, some patients did not show a CYP450 defect in the three enzymes that were tested. This does not mean they do not have a genetic defect. Such defects that do not currently have a diagnostic test include abnormalities in glucuronidation, gastrointestinal absorption, and receptor-site density. Also, there are many gene polymorphisms related to neurotransmitters, non-opioid receptors, and nerve conduction that may influence pain sensitivity and analgesia.24
Centralized pain (defined as pain that starts in the periphery and later transforms into pain imprinted in the CNS) is likely present in most patients who require a high opioid dose.26 The mechanism is probably a loss of CNS opioid receptors. Centralized pain is produced by glial cell inflammation that leads to tissue destruction including opioid receptors. With fewer receptors available, a high opioid dosage may be necessary to continually bind to, and trigger, remaining receptors. It may well be that some patients require a high opioid dose due to centralized pain or other factors independent of, or in combination with, their CYP450 defect.12,24,26 It is probable that multiple factors prevail in many patients who require a high opioid dosage.24
It is important to point out that all patients who have a CYP450 abnormality do not require high opioid dosages. Also, the author has now observed many patients with CYP450 defects reduce their opioid dosage to low levels when the patient's pain is adequately controlled. Pain severity and opioid dosage are separate biologic entities that must always be independently evaluated. The finding of a CYP450 abnormality simply tells all parties that a high opioid dose may be necessary and, at least partially, is the result of genetic deficiencies.
A high percentage of chronic pain patients who require a high opioid dosage of more than 150 mg of daily morphine equivalents have defects in their CYP450 system. Some patients have multiple CYP450 defects, as well as centralized pain, which may contribute to the necessity of a high opioid dosage.26 It is now possible to commercially access tests for three key CYP450 enzymes—2D6, 2C9, and 2C19—which are critical for opioid metabolism. Pain patients who don't respond to standard opioid dosages and consequently demand a higher dose, as well as current patients who take above 150 mg per day of morphine equivalents, should be genetically tested. If CYP450 abnormalities are present, a clinical effort should be made to utilize hydromorphone, oxymorphone, or tapentadol as these opioids are primarily metabolized by glucuronidation, the alternate opioid metabolism system. Pain patients, particularly those with multiple CYP450 defects, may have to use non-oral administration routes such as injections, sublingual, buccal, or intrathecal routes to bypass liver metabolism. Since CYP450 testing is now available, no pain patient who seeks a higher opioid dosage should be pejoratively labeled as a drug seeker until testing is done. CYP450 testing should now be done routinely to help establish that a chronic pain patient may legitimately require a high opioid dose.
Holmquist GL. Opioid metabolism and effects of cytochrome P450. Pain Med. 2009;10:S1-S29.
Tennant F. Genetic screening for defects in opioid metabolism: historical characteristics and blood levels. Pract Pain Manage. 2011;11(2):26-28.
Davis MP, Homsi J. The importance of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP2D6 in palliative medicine. Support Care Cancer. 2001;9(6):442-451.
Zhou SF. Polymorphism of human cytochrome P450 and it clinical significance. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2009;48(11):689-723.
Lee CR, Goldstein JA, Pieper JA. Cytochrome P450 2C9 polymorphisms: a comprehensive review of the in vitro and data. Pharmacogenetics. 2002;12(3):251-263.
Smith HS. Opioid metabolism. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009;84(7):613-624.
Candiotti KA, Zonggi Y, Rodriguez V, et al. The impact of CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms on postoperative morphine consumption. Pain Med. 2009;10(5):799-805.
Mikus G, Weiss J. Influence of CYP2D6 genetics on opioid kinetics, metabolism and response. Current Pharmacogenomics. 2005;3(1):43-52.
Hutchinson MR, Menelaou A, Foster DJ, et al. CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 involvement in the primary oxidative metabolism of hydrocodone by human liver microsomes. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2004;57(3):287-297.
Heiskanen T, Olkkola KT, Kalso E. Effects of blocking CYP2D6 on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oxycodone. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1998;64(6):603-611.
Susce MT, Murray-Carmichael E, de Leon J. Response to hydrocodone, codeine and oxycodone in a CYP2D6 poor metabolizer. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2006;30(7):1356-1358.
Zanger UM, Fischer J, Raimundo S, et al. Comprehensive analysis of the genetic factors determining expression and function of hepatic CYP2D6. Pharmacogenetics. 2001;11(7):573-585.
Begré S, von Badeleben U, Ladewig D, et al. Paroxetine increases steady-state concentrations of (R)-methadone in CYP2D6 extensive but not poor metabolizers. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002;22(2):211-215.
Samer CF, Daali Y, Wagner M, et al. The effects of CYP2D6 and CYP3A activities on the pharmacokinetics of immediate release oxycodone. Br J Pharmacol. 2010;160(4):907-918.
Feierman DE, Lasker JM. Metabolism of fentanyl, a synthetic opioid analgesic, by human liver microsomes. Role of CYP3A4. Drug Metab Dispos. 1996;24(9):932-939.
Projean D, Morin PE, Tu TM, Ducharme Identification of CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 as the major cytochrome P450s responsible for morphine N-demethylation in human liver microsomes. Xenobiotica. 2003;33(8):841-854.
Shinderman M, Maxwell S, Brawand-Amey M, Golay KP, Baumann P, Eap CB. Cytochrome P4503A4 metabolic activity, methadone blood concentrations, and methadone doses. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2003;69(2):205-211.
Moody DE, Alburges ME, Parker RJ, Collins JM, Strong JM. The involvement of cytochrome P450 3A4 in the N-demethylation of L-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM), norLAAM, and methadone. Drug Metab Dispos. 1997;25(12):1347-1353.
Iribarne C, Berthou F, Bairds, et al. Involvement of cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme in the N-demethylation of methadone in human liver microsomes. Chem Res Toxicol. 1996;9(2):365-373.
Adams M, Pieniaszek HJ Jr, Gammaitoni AR, Ahdieh H. Oxymorphone extended release does not affect CYP2C9 or CYP3A4 metabolic pathways. J Clin Pharmacol. 2005;45(3):337-345.
Personal correspondence with Laboratory Corporation of America and Quest Diagnostic, Inc.
Tennant F. Making practical sense of cytochrome P450. Pract Pain Manage. 2010;10(4):12-19.
Crews KR, Gaedigk A, Dunnenberger HM, et al. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines for codeine therapy in the context of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) genotype. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2012;91(2):321-326.
Young EE, Lariviere WR, Belfer I. Genetic basis of pain variability: recent advances. J Med Genet. 2012;49(1):1-9.
Personal correspondence with Genelex, Seattle, WA.
Henry DE, Chiodo AE, Yang W. Central nervous system reorganization in a variety of chronic pain states: a review. PM R. 2011;3(12):1116-1125.
Last updated on: October 26, 2012


text:
2014 Catalyst Canada Honours Champion, Human Resources/Diversity Leader
Chief Human Resources Officer, RBC
Zabeen Hirji passionately believes in the connection between the success of individuals and the success of organizations. As Chief Human Resources Officer at RBC, Ms. Hirji has applied this philosophy over more than 30 years with the company. She believes employees who truly feel included are much more likely to be strong contributors.
At RBC, she has championed diversity and inclusion as both a business imperative and as one of the company's core values. It is now a critical part of RBC's business strategies and culture and is integrated into the company's talent management practices.
As a member of RBC's Group Executive, Ms. Hirji is one of eight executives responsible for setting the overall strategic direction of RBC, and she has primary responsibility for developing and implementing the organization's diversity and inclusion strategy. With ambitious publicly stated staffing goals for women and visible minorities appointed into executive and senior manager roles, RBC is a diversity leader in the Canadian business community and is increasingly being recognized as such in the US and UK. Ms. Hirji has also been influential in establishing a target of 25% representation of women on RBC's Board of Directors—a target which RBC currently exceeds.
"It's important to have the right corporate culture to ensure everyone can achieve their full potential and can fully contribute to the success of the organization. I was fortunate that the supportive culture at RBC enabled me to achieve success in both my personal and professional life. At RBC we are proud of our progress and achievements, but we also know this is a journey and there is still more to do." —Zabeen Hirji
Ms. Hirji's personal story is a reflection of Canada's present and future. Born in Tanzania of South Asian descent, Ms. Hirji immigrated to Canada at age 14. With a strong mother as a role model, Ms. Hirji learned a take-charge approach to breaking down barriers. A highly sought-after speaker in the diversity and inclusion arena, she has been a fearless and vocal public advocate for the advancement of women and visible minorities since the 1990s.
Ms. Hirji's accomplishments include the establishment in 2001 of a global RBC Diversity Leadership Council, which is chaired by the CEO and includes senior leaders as members. Under her tenure, the first RBC Diversity Blueprint was published in order to outline RBC's priorities, goals, and organizational commitments publicly. Ms. Hirji, working with her team, ensures that strong talent management practices are adopted across RBC and drives change by incorporating diversity objectives throughout RBC's talent management strategy, practices, and processes.
Ms. Hirji was also responsible for the creation of the Diversity Dialogues Reciprocal Mentoring Program, an innovative model that positions mentors and mentees as partners in learning about diversity, and pairs senior executives with mid-level women and visible minority employees to drive the point home. She engages in numerous formal and informal mentoring and sponsorship relationships.
Her community leadership includes serving as the Co-Chair of the Toronto Region Immigrant Employment Council, a member of the Governing Council for the University of Toronto, the Director of the Greater Toronto CivicAction Alliance, and a volunteer for the United Way.
Ms. Hirji was named a Fellow of Centennial College in 2005 in recognition of her international leadership in diversity, and Corporate Executive of the Year in 2010 by the Indo-Canada Chamber of Commerce. In 2011, she was named one of Women of Influence magazine's Top 25 Women of Influence (Business category). In 2012, through the Women's Executive Network, Ms. Hirji was inducted into Canada's Most Powerful Women: Top 100 Hall of Fame, and in April of 2013 she was named one of the most Influential Women in Diversity and HR by Diversity Canada magazine.
A transformational leader who has made building a truly inclusive workplace her mission, Ms. Hirji explains, "Diversity is the mix. Inclusion is really putting that mix to work."
En français.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Confused about orbits I am trying to apply the main theorem of this paper to a certain kind of graph and keep getting confused. The theorem uses $rank(Aut\Gamma)$ which is defined as "the number of $Aut \Gamma$ orbits on the set $V(\Gamma) \times V(\Gamma)$". ($\Gamma$ is a graph).
Now, my graph $\Gamma$ is built in this way: take a clique of $c$ vertices, labelled $\{1,2,\ldots,c\}$ and add $s=\binom{c-1}{2}$ additional vertices, each of which is connected to a different pair of two vertices from $\{2,\ldots,c\}$.

Question: What is $rank(Aut\Gamma)$?

My answer is 9 because the automorphism group is (apparently) $S_{c-1} \times S_{s}$ and there are 3 orbits for it. However, when I plug 9 into the theorem I get a contradiction with the rest of it (which involves objects I have a better grasp of so I am pretty sure I got the rest right).
Therefore, I suspect that my answer to the above question is wrong and I am in dire need of some enlightenment.
EDIT: Let's assume $c \geq 4$ to rule out sporadic cases.

A: The automorphism group of this graph is $S_{c-1}$. Note that the vertex 1 in your clique cannot be moved anywhere (look at the degrees). On the other hand, a permutation of the remaining vertices in {2,...,c} induces a permutation on these $s$ vertices $P$.
The 14 orbitals (aka orbits on $V\times V$) are as follows:

*

*{(1,1)}

*{(x,x) | x in {2..c}}

*{(p,p) | p in P}

*{(x,y) | x,y in {2..c}, x not equal to y}

*{(p,q) | p,q in P, the corresponding pairs of elements of {2..c} do not intersect}

*{(p,q) | p,q in P, the corresponding pairs of elements of {2..c} intersect in one element}

*{(1,x) | x in {2..c}}

*{(x,1) | x in {2..c}}

*{(1,p) | p in P}

*{(p,1) | p in P}

*{(x,p) | x in {2..c}, p in P, x in p}

*{(p,x) | x in {2..c}, p in P, x in p}

*{(x,p) | x in {2..c}, p in P, x not in p}

*{(p,x) | x in {2..c}, p in P, x not in p}

A: First, let me point out that I think ARupinski is right and $\rm{Aut}(\Gamma)$ is simply $S_{c-1}$. (This could be relevant.)
Next, note that there are at least 11 orbits on $V(\Gamma)\times V(\Gamma)$.
There is an obvious partition into 9 parts (coming from the 3 orbits on $V(\Gamma)$) each belonging to a different orbit, but 2 of these split into two orbits, a diagonal part and a non-diagonal part.
For example $(2,2)$ is in a different orbit than $(2,3)$.
In fact, there are even more orbits than this.
For example,  the part corresponding to $s\times s$ splits even further : ({1,2},{2,3}) is not in the same orbit as ({1,2},{3,4}). The first is an ordered pair of vertices having a neighbour in common, while the second is a pair of vertices with no neighbour in common.
EDIT: As Dima Pasechnik explained, two of the other parts also split further in two, for a total of 14 orbits.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
/* $Id$ */

package org.apache.fop.layoutmgr;

import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.fop.layoutmgr.inline.InlineLevelLayoutManager;
import org.apache.fop.layoutmgr.inline.KnuthInlineBox;

/**
 * Represents a list of inline Knuth elements.
 * If closed, it represents all elements of a Knuth paragraph.
 */
public class InlineKnuthSequence extends KnuthSequence  {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1354774188859946549L;

    private boolean isClosed;

    /**
     * Creates a new and empty list.
     */
    public InlineKnuthSequence() {
        super();
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new list from an existing list.
     * @param list The list from which to create the new list.
     */
    public InlineKnuthSequence(List list) {
        super(list);
    }

    /**
     * Is this an inline or a block sequence?
     * @return false
     */
    public boolean isInlineSequence() {
        return true;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public boolean canAppendSequence(KnuthSequence sequence) {
        return sequence.isInlineSequence() && !isClosed;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public boolean appendSequence(KnuthSequence sequence) {
        if (!canAppendSequence(sequence)) {
            return false;
        }
        // does the first element of the first paragraph add to an existing word?
        ListElement lastOldElement;
        ListElement firstNewElement;
        lastOldElement = getLast();
        firstNewElement = sequence.getElement(0);
        if (firstNewElement.isBox() && !((KnuthElement) firstNewElement).isAuxiliary()
                && lastOldElement.isBox() && ((KnuthElement) lastOldElement).getWidth() != 0) {
            addALetterSpace();
        }
        addAll(sequence);
        return true;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public boolean appendSequence(KnuthSequence sequence, boolean keepTogether,
                                  BreakElement breakElement) {
        return appendSequence(sequence);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public KnuthSequence endSequence() {
        if (!isClosed) {
            add(new KnuthPenalty(0, -KnuthElement.INFINITE, false, null, false));
            isClosed = true;
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Add letter space.
     */
    public void addALetterSpace() {
        KnuthBox prevBox = (KnuthBox) getLast();
        if (prevBox.isAuxiliary()
            && (size() < 4
                || !getElement(size() - 2).isGlue()
                || !getElement(size() - 3).isPenalty()
                || !getElement(size() - 4).isBox()
               )
           ) {
            // Not the sequence we are expecting
            return;
        }
        removeLast();
        LinkedList oldList = new LinkedList();
        // if there are two consecutive KnuthBoxes the
        // first one does not represent a whole word,
        // so it must be given one more letter space
        if (!prevBox.isAuxiliary()) {
            // if letter spacing is constant,
            // only prevBox needs to be replaced;
            oldList.add(prevBox);
        } else {
            // prevBox is the last element
            // in the sub-sequence
            //   <box> <aux penalty> <aux glue> <aux box>
            // the letter space is added to <aux glue>,
            // while the other elements are not changed
            oldList.add(prevBox);
            oldList.addFirst((KnuthGlue) removeLast());
            oldList.addFirst((KnuthPenalty) removeLast());
            oldList.addFirst((KnuthBox) removeLast());
        }
        // adding a letter space could involve, according to the text
        // represented by oldList, replacing a glue element or adding
        // new elements
        addAll(((InlineLevelLayoutManager)
                     prevBox.getLayoutManager())
                    .addALetterSpaceTo(oldList));
        // prevBox may not be a KnuthInlineBox;
        // this may happen if it is a padding box; see bug 39571.
        if (prevBox instanceof KnuthInlineBox && ((KnuthInlineBox) prevBox).isAnchor()) {
            // prevBox represents a footnote citation: copy footnote info
            // from prevBox to the new box
            KnuthInlineBox newBox = (KnuthInlineBox) getLast();
            newBox.setFootnoteBodyLM(((KnuthInlineBox) prevBox).getFootnoteBodyLM());
        }
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
<?php
use GooBiq\Core\Validation\Validator;
use GooBiq\Core\Validation\Validators\IPV4Validator;

/**
 * IPV4Test
 *
 * @author Jason Lam
 *
 * @see Goobiq\Core\Validation\Validators\IPV4Validator
 */
class IPV4Test extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{

    public function testValidIPv4()
    {
        $validator = new Validator();
        $validator->add(new IPV4Validator('192.168.1.1'));
        $validator->validate();
        $this->assertTrue($validator->isValid());
    }

    public function testInValidIPv4()
    {
        $validator = new Validator();
        $validator->add(new IPV4Validator('192.168.1.1.1'));
        $validator->validate();
        $this->assertFalse($validator->isValid());
    }
}


text:
- teen
Diff'rent Strokes
A group of girls attending a boarding school experience the joys and the trials of adolescence under the guiding hand of housemother Edna Garrett.
Characters: #3 of 8 (Full List)
Dorothy 'Tootie' Ramsey
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Kim Fields
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Character Bio
Dorothy "Tootie" Ramsey Williams was played by 'Kim Fields'.
She was the youngest of the main characters at the age of around 11, and the only black girl. She and her family hailed from Washington, D.C.. She attended Eastland Academy for most of the show's run. Tootie's most-remembered attributes were her penchant for rollerskates (at first used by Facts of Life producers to mask Fields' short stature), her gossipy nature, and her braces. In real life, 'Kim Fields' had to wear braces for three years, finally having them removed in January 1985. A lot of Tootie's gossip got her and her friends in trouble, and she was noted for her catch phrase, "We are in trou-ble!"
Tootie was involved in many very special storylines. For example, Tootie befriended a boy named Fred who insisted that she only associate with black people, in an attempt to realize "her true roots." In another episode, Tootie was chosen by a photographer to model for newspaper advertisements but was instead lured into a borderline kiddie porn operation and was saved by Mrs. Garrett at the last minute. During a trip to New York City, Tootie was almost strong-armed into prostitution before Mrs. Garrett found her and took her home.
In another episode, she struggled with the race issue again when her best friend Natalie dated a relative of hers and Tootie intervened, causing conflict between Natalie and herself. Tootie's favorite singer is Michael Jackson's older brother 'Jermaine Jackson'.
Tootie helped Mrs. Garrett with her bakery, Edna's Edibles, after school and then worked full-time at the gift shop Over Our Heads after she graduated from high school in 1986.
In the 2001 The Facts of Life Reunion TV movie, Tootie had attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts in London to pursue an acting career, was a Hollywood-based talk show host, and was the single mother of Tisha, a 10-year-old (fathered by her longtime boyfriend and later deceased husband, Jeff Williams). After her visit, Tootie (who now preferred to be called "Dorothy") decided to quit her talk show, "Wake Up With Dorothy", and move to New York to take up the theater, but not before becoming the co-owner of the Peekskill Playhouse. Tisha Williams remained behind to attend Eastland Academy and continue the family tradition.
In addition to the Diff'rent Strokes episode "The Girls School" that serves as the pilot for The Facts of Life, Tootie also appears in "The Slumber Party", "The Bank Job", "First Day Blues" and "The Team".
Episode Screenshots
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Dorothy 'Tootie' Ramsey Photos
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GREENSBORO, NC (April 8, 2019) – Owners of Mack® trucks have the chance to once again be in the spotlight for a month, courtesy of the 2020 Mack Calendar Contest. For the fourth year running, six lucky truck owners will be chosen by Mack Trucks' social media followers to appear in next year's Mack Calendar. The contest runs from April 2 to May 31, 2019.
CAPTION: Mack Trucks launched its 2020 Mack Calendar Contest, which runs from April 2 to May 31, 2019. Six lucky owners of Mack® trucks will be chosen by Mack's fans and followers to appear in next year's Mack Calendar.


The Ondo State Governor, Arakunrin Oluwarotimi Odunayo Akeredolu (SAN) Slashes Down School Fees of the Adekunle Ajasin University, AAUA after Plea by Parents - See New School Fees Regime.
This is to inform the students of Adekunle Ajasin University, their parents, guardians as well as the general public that Academic activities have commenced for the 2017/2018 Academic Session as earlier announced.
All fresh and returning students are required to pay their school fees and resume as scheduled.
Students are also to note that the deadlines for online screening, registration and payments would be strictly adhered to.
This press release supersedes the earlier one dated 5th April, 2018.


text:
Glen 'Big Baby' Davis on Doc Rivers: 'He Was Lucky as Hell'
Feuds are breaking out left and right in the NBA, just in time for All-Star break.
by Mike Vorkunov
February 16, 2017, 7:43pm
Photo by Gary A. Vasquez-USA TODAY Sports
Did you know Doc Rivers and Glen "Big Baby" Davis are feuding? Who has time for these things when Katy Perry and Britney Spears can't get along.
It's true, though. These two former Celtics giants appear to have had a falling-out. It all started so innocuously. Rivers made a joke this month when he saw Paul Pierce get all verklempt in his final game in Boston. He'd seen a player cry on the floor before.
"I saw Big Baby cry one time," he said—an unsubtle reference to the time Kevin Garnett made the then-rookie Davis cry on the Celtics bench. Damn, Doc.
Well, this week it was Davis's turn to talk. On Wednesday, he went on Chris Broussard's "In the Zone" podcast and retaliated.
What's the most hurtful thing you can say to a coach? Hit their legitimacy. Apparently, Davis thinks Rivers didn't do much to help Boston win the title in 2008. He went deep on it, too:
"What Doc had in '08 was special. And he was lucky as hell. Lucky as hell. The year before that they were wearing trash bags… Then the next year they win it, now he's one of the best coaches ever? I'm just not feeling that, you know what I mean? You give credit to KG. You give credit to Paul Pierce. You give credit to Ray Allen. Those are the guys that made sure whatever Doc needed to be done got done. And so now it's easy for Doc to do his job.
"And then you give credit to Danny Ainge. That's the one you give credit to because I know multiple times he had to talk to Doc just to say, 'Hey Doc, leave them alone. Hey Doc, ease up. Like, there's points where you ease up.' I would play good games and Doc wouldn't even give me like, hey. I'd play great games and he'd be: 'Go do it again.' You know? You want to hear that, 'Hey, great job kid. Good job, man. Keep it up.' But not, 'Go do it again.' So I'm off that Doc tip, man. He's a great guy but as far as that basketball stuff, I just try to leave it."
Calling Rivers "a great guy" will obviously cool off the whole situation. Totally makes up for Davis calling him an overrated coach in the next breath.
Tagged:HighlightsBasketballBoston CelticsDoc Riversglen davisnba highlightssports feudsSportsVICE Sports


text:
Sir Endymion Porter et Antoine van Dyck est un autoportrait du peintre flamand Antoine van Dyck, qui se représente lui-même avec son protecteur, sir . Peinte en 1635, il s'agit d'une peinture à l'huile sur toile, de format ovale, de . Le tableau est actuellement exposée au Museo del Prado de Madrid en Espagne.

Analyse
C'est le seul autoportrait de van Dyck dans lequel l'artiste est représenté avec une autre personne. Cela montre à quel point est forte la relation avec Endymion Porter qu'il a rencontré en 1620 lors de son premier voyage à Londres. Porter est un collaborateur du roi et contribue au nom du souverain à l'acquisition de toiles de grands peintres : Il est chargé par Charles Ier de conclure l'acquisition de la vaste collection d'art du duc de Mantoue. Le même Porter est un riche et passionné collectionneur d'œuvres d'art. En plus d'être un ami de van Dyck, il connaît bien Rubens et Orazio Gentileschi. Lorsque van Dyck exécute ce tableau, il a environ 35 ans et Porter 47.

Ce double portrait appartenait à Endymion Porter. Après être passé dans d'autres collections, il arrive des collections royales au musée du Prado auquel il est incorporé par acquisition de la reine Élisabeth Farnèse, en la possession de laquelle il est documenté en 1745.

En plus de sa rareté dans la représentation d'un peintre en compagnie de son commanditaire, cette peinture est remarquable dans la façon unique par laquelle l'artiste et Sir Porter semblent traités comme des égaux. Seule la position centrale du noble dénote une certaine supériorité, comme le montre van Dyck avec beaucoup d'élégance dans leurs vêtements et leur attitude. En dehors de l'amitié et de la proximité qui lient les deux personnages, elle indique le statut social élevé atteint par de nombreux peintres de renom pendant la période du baroque.

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie
  Gian Pietro Bellori, Vite de' pittori, scultori e architecti moderni, Turin, Einaudi, 1976.
  Didier Bodart, Van Dyck, Prato, Giunti, 1997.
  Christopher Brown, Van Dyck 1599-1641, Milan, RCS Libri, 1999 .
  Justus Müller Hofstede, Van Dyck, Milan, Rizzoli/Skira, 2004.
  Stefano Zuffi, Il Barocco, Verone, Mondadori, 2004.

Liens externes

 Fiche de l'œuvre sur le site du musée du Prado.

Tableau réalisé en 1635
van Dyck
Portrait par Antoine van Dyck
Œuvre conservée au musée du Prado

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Weakened by a struggle with a prisoner, who attempted to escape, Policeman John Blanford, one of the oldest officers in the city, dropped dead at the 15th and Locust streets station a few minutes after he had safely placed the offender in a cell. The death of the policeman was caused, physicians say, by a stroke of apoplexy, super-induced by excitement in bringing the struggling man to the station house. Policeman Blanford was 63 years old at the time.
To all appearances absolutely indifferent to his fate James Cannon, alias John Leonard, who shot and killed Officer August Brusius, black in color, of the Trenton Avenue and East Dauphin Street station late Saturday evening was given a hearing before Magistrate Gillespie. He was committed without bail to the Moyamensing Prison, and efforts will be made to give him a speedy trial. The woman, whom Cannon claimed was his wife, was also held as a witness. The shooting of August Brusius, took place at Huntingdon Street and Frankford Avenue shortly after 11 o'clock Saturday night. At the time Frankford Avenue was crowded with a throng of residents returning to their homes after the close of the up-town theaters.
Reserve Sergeant Daniel Clinton, 52, appointed May 22, 1884, suffered a fatal heart attack while he and other officers struggled with three U.S. Navy sailors who were acting disorderly at Delaware Avenue (modern day Christopher Columbus Boulevard) and Market Street. Sergeant Clinton had witnessed the sailors exit a hotel and begin to act disorderly in front of it. At the same time the proprietor of the hotel made a complaint against them to Sergeant Clinton. As Sergeant Clinton asked the sailors to move along he was attacked by them and knocked to the ground.
Read more: CLINTON, DANIEL B.
Patrolman Charles Conway, died from injuries received in the discharge of duty. Conway was crushed between cars of the Union Traction Company in election night while trying to save the life of a woman on Market Street. Conway died from his injuries in Jefferson Hospital.
Charles Streeper the huckster killed Officer Matthew Curran a policeman of the Front and master street station. The neighbor of Curran and Streeper are infuriated over his act and if he had been captured last evening a lynching party might have taken place. Curran who lived at 1334 N. Howard Street was sent to Streeper's house last night to arrest the him on the complaint of his mother who alleged that he had beaten her, choked and kicked her and had threatened to take her life.
Read more: CURRAN, MATTHEW J.
Policeman John Donovan, a Patrolman of the 15th and Vine Street Station was shot in a chase after an alleged colored burglar. At 17th and Chestnut Streets yesterday morning, died of his injuries this at the Medico-Chirurgical Hospital.
One policeman was instantly killed and two others were severely injured in a collision between the patrol wagon of the 10th and Thompson Street police station and a west bound Columbia Avenue trolley car at 11th street. The dead officer was Edward George, aged sixty years, lived at 1953 N. Warnock Street. The injured are Sergeant Andrew Hamilton, one of the best-known patrolman in the city, formerly Special Policeman and now acting Sergeant and Officer E. A. Brewer, the driver. Hamilton and Brewer were taken to St. Joseph's Hospital. Both are severely injured but they were expected to recover. Officer Brewer struck the street on his head. Hamilton sustained a painful injury to his hip. The patrol wagon was partially wrecked by the force of the collision and the front of the car was damaged but the motorman J. Ford 2157 Corless Street escaped unhurt. The cause of the accident is not definitely known.
Cornered in an alley leading from Wellington Street to Monument Cemetery, one of the alleged burglars, shot and killed Special Policeman Gideon, of the Twentieth and Berks Streets station. His partner Policeman Brown detected the men attempting to try to enter a house.
Policeman Thomas A. Gordon, of the Third and Fairmount Avenue station, Mrs. Rebecca Seiderman, wife of Henry Seiderman a gunsmith at 210 South Street, pulled the trigger of the weapon accidentally, sending a bullet crashing through the throat of the officer. He died twenty minutes after being admitted to the Pennsylvania Hospital. Several days ago, the officer purchased a hammerless revolver at this store but later became unsatisfied with it. While in the vicinity on police business he stopped at the store and requested Mrs. Seiderman to exchange it for one of another model. He drew the loaded pistol from his pocket and placed it upon a showcase.
Policeman John Ryan suffered a fatal heart attack while struggling with a prisoner near the intersection of 28th Street and Girard Avenue.
He had arrested a man for drunk and disorderly, at a saloon on Girard Street and was walking him to a callbox located at 28th Street and Flora Avenue Street. The man started resisting and began to struggle with Policeman Ryan. Policeman Ryan collapsed during the struggle. The man fled but was chased by several citizens. He was apprehended by another officer several minutes later. Policeman Ryan was taken to a local doctor's office where he was pronounced dead. The man who started the struggle was arrested and charged with murder.
Policeman Ryan had served with the Philadelphia Police Department for 11 years. He was 48 years old and survived by his wife.
Policeman Thomas Sheldon, died of injuries received while on duty. The story is unavailable at this time because our department records were destroyed in 1981. Follow up work is still being done on through other sources of information.
Patrolman Scott H. Shelley, forty-eight years old, living at 1818 Van Pelt Street died from a fractured skull, accidentally received, attempted to stop a runaway horse at 7th and Diamond Street.
Policeman Simons, 29 years of age and lived at 4908 Saybrook Avenue. He was assigned to the 32nd District and was fatally injured when he was accidentally run over by a freight train at 52nd Street and the Pennsylvania Reading Railroad while in performance of his duty.
Frank Slaymaker, the policeman of the 10th and Buttonwood street station, who was shot by John Maxwell, a confessed burglar, while arresting him on the night of May 27, died at the Hahnemann Hospital at 12:30 o'clock this morning. Slaymaker had a sudden turn for the worse last evening after it was believed he was pulling through and would recover. His father was with him when he died. John Maxwell, the man who did the shooting and who has been a Moyamensing Prison on the charge of attempting to murder Slaymaker will now have to stand trial for murder. He will probably be given a preliminary hearing at the Central Police station to-day. When the announcement of Slaymaker's death was made in the Eighth District, to which he was attached this morning it was received with many expressions of grief. In fact, the entire police department feels the loss of the policeman deeply.


text:
miratysonlac@gmail.com
Mira Choi Tyson, L.Ac.
1840 Mackenzie Drive, Suite 101
Upper Arlington, Ohio 43220
Mira Choi Tyson
Top Rated Columbus Acupuncturist!
Mira Choi Tyson, L.Ac., Dipl. O.M.
Gentle, Holistic, Personalized Acupuncture
I graduated from the Professional Master's Level Acupuncture Program of the American Institute of Alternative Medicine in Columbus, Ohio, where I completed an intensive clinical internship. As a part of that program, I also completed an externship at the Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Beijing, China. In addition, I have completed a Certificate of Chinese Herbal Medicine from the Won Institute of Graduate Studies in Glenside, Pennsylvania, and I have also earned Certificates in Acupuncture Sports Medicine and Acupuncture Facial Rejuvenation. I am certified by the National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM) and licensed by the State Medical Board of Ohio.
I grew up in Korea, where Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine have a long history of use and are widely accepted as natural components of integrative medical treatment. All of my life, I have witnessed the amazing ability of Acupuncture to cure or manage many health issues without negative side effects. I have also studied medical Qigong and practiced meditation for many years and found these to be invaluable as tools for strengthening mind, body, and spirit. These life experiences finally led me to realize my long-time dream of becoming an Acupuncturist and Chinese Herbal Medicine practitioner to educate and assist others on the path to greater physical and emotional well-being. I have successfully treated patients for back pain, neck pain, shoulder pain, sciatica, fibromyalgia, digestive issues, allergies, stress, insomnia, addiction, menopause symptoms, infertility, various sports injuries, cancer treatment side effects, and many other conditions.
Before becoming an Acupuncturist, I received a BFA from Hongik University in Seoul, Korea, and an MFA from the University of Arizona in Tucson, majoring in metalsmithing and jewelry making. In addition to working as a studio artist, I have taught art and jewelry design at universities in the United States, Korea, and the United Arab Emirates, and my art work has appeared in exhibitions in the United States, Canada, Australia, Japan, Korea, and the United Arab Emirates.
Acupuncture/Cupping
Visit Mira on Facebook
Upper Arlington, Ohio 43220
614-500-3088 | miratysonlac@gmail.com
Professional Master's Level Acupuncture, American Institute of Alternative Medicine (Columbus, OH)
Chinese Herbal Medicine Certificate, Won Institute of Graduate Studies (Glenside, PA)
Master of Fine Arts, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ)
Bachelor of Fine Arts, Hongik University (Seoul, Korea)
Internship/Externship
Internship, Acupuncture Clinic Services, American Institute of Alternative Medicine (Columbus, OH)
Externship, Acupuncture Department, Beijing Hospital of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine (Beijing, China)
License & Certifications
Licensed Acupuncturist, State Medical Board of Ohio
Diplomate of Acupuncture, National Certification Council for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM)
Diplomate of Oriental Medicine, National Certification Council for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM)
Clean Needle Technique Certificate, Council of Colleges of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (CCAOM)
Basic Life Support for Healthcare Providers (CPR & AED) Certificate, American Red Cross
Acupuncture Sports Medicine Certificate, Eastern Currents Learning (with Dr. Whitfield Reaves)
Acupuncture Facial Rejuvenation Certification (with Michelle Gellis, M.Ac., L.Ac.)
Acupuncturist/Chinese Herbal Medicine Practitioner/Owner, Mira Choi Tyson, L.Ac., Acupuncture Clinic (Upper Arlington, OH)
Past
Acupuncturist/Owner, Mira Choi Tyson, L.Ac., Acupuncture Clinic, affiliated with Synergy Wellness, LLC (Columbus, OH)
Acupuncturist, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Comprehensive Pain Management Clinic (Columbus & Westerville, OH)
Acupuncturist, Ascential Acupuncture (Dublin, OH)
Acupuncturist, Acupuncture by Chen (Columbus, OH)
American Association of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (AAAOM)
Professional Development/Continuing Education
Dr. Tan's Balance Method (with Dr. Richard Teh Fu Tan)
Clinical Wonders with Acupuncture 1, 2, 3
Clinical Wonders in Practice
Global Balance for Functional Disorders
Global Balance in Practice
Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (with Dr. Yue Mok)
Non-Invasive Acupuncture for Effective Pain Relief
ACE: Acupuncture Continuing Education (with Hisham Amer, M.Ac., L.Ac.)
Acupuncture Ethics
Bacterial Infection & Safety
Eastern Currents Learning, Acupuncture Sports Medicine Series (with Dr. Whitfield Reaves)
The Treatment of Stiff Neck and Levator Scapulae
Shoulder Pain: The Supraspinatous Muscle
Frozen Shoulder: Pain and Decreased Range of Motion
Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Tennis Elbow
Hip Bursitis
Lateral Knee Pain: Ilio-Tibial (IT) Band
Anterior Knee: The Patello-Femoral Joint
Knee Pain: The Medial Compartment
The Hamstring Muscle
Achilles Tendonitis
Lateral Ankle Sprain (Inversion)
Plantar Fasciitis
Low Back Pain
Facial Acupuncture Certification (with Michelle Gellis, M.Ac., L.Ac.)
Traditional Acupuncture Facial Rejuvenation
Facial Cupping, Facial Gua Sha, and Microneedle Dermal Roller
Copyright © 2015-2022 by Mira Choi Tyson. All rights reserved.


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Now THAT is some detailed analysis. You gotta love McNeal, but it seems he becomes somewhat disruptive offensively if he's not getting his share. This occurred a couple times late in the Wisconsin game when he put up some rather questionable attempts. Matthews is just not hitting his shots. Of the three, he is the one who rarely take a bad shot -- and that is true again this year. However, he's in a shooting slump. He'll be fine.
Me thinks the Marquette AD will be calling you for a newly created position!
I have actually been to more UW games than MU games this year...hey, I live in Madison. Trevon Hughes has looked real good this year so far, but Dominic James really made him look pedestrian. I think the turning point in the game was when the crowd got on James after the double technical. You could see it on the floor - the entire team moved a little quicker. This is the difference between an experienced team and a younger one.
This is a really cool addition to the website. It's nice to have an objective view of the players and their game performance. Stilll the statistics do show that there are important intangibles beyond pure numbers (ie. it's interesting that Butch's stats were better than DJ's even though no one would argue James had a greater impact on the game).
No offense to Mr. Suger, but this type of statistical over-analysis is precisely what is wrong with the sports world today. In my opinion, it is one of the things which leads unskilled high school kids to believe they can go right to the NBA and why the NFL Pre-Draft Combine promotes the likes of Mike Mammula (excuse the spelling) being drafted in the top of the first round. I would imagine that Al McGuire is spinning in his grave.
Great work, Sugar. The mental gymnastics is very much in order in comparison to many of the posts that we see on the other MU boards.
I think your analysis would be a big eye opener to 'unskilled high school kids' who think they can jump to the NBA. I imagine 'unskilled' players could not have very high scores even if they consistantly lead the team in various categories because there lack of all around skills would show up in your scoring.
Using your system for two teams in a game does not necessarily show the winner, correct? Its best use is to compare relative performance?


text:
Q: How to count all documents, count unique fields and sum in same query with Mongoose? I have an addressmodel like this:
const AddressSchema = new Schema({
    address: String,
    city: String,
    postal_code: String,
    country: String,
    user_id: String,
    postalCodeMeters: Number,
});

And I want to know (for a certain user at a certain postal_code):

*

*How many unique addresses have been visited

*How many times have the user visited this postal code

*How many meters have they traveled

This code works, but I want to do it in one query, not two:
addressrouter.get("/isexplored/:userid/:postalcode",
    async (req, res) => {
      console.log(req.params.userid)
      try {
        const addresses = await Address.aggregate(
          [
            { $match:{
              user_id: req.params.userid,
              postal_code: req.params.postalcode
            }},
            {$group: {
              _id: null,
              meters: {$sum: "$postalCodeMeters"},
              count: { $sum: 1 }
            }
          }]
        )
        console.log(addresses)
        const uniqueAddresses = (await Address.find(
          {
            user_id: req.params.userid,
            postal_code: req.params.postalcode
          }
        ).distinct('address')).length
        res.json({
          time: addresses[0].count,
          uniqueAddressesVisited: uniqueAddresses,
          meters: addresses[0].meters
        });
      } catch (err) {
        console.log(err)
        res.json({ message: err });
      }
    }
  )

A: If I've understood correctly you can do it in a single $group operation.
Check this query where using $addToSet in the $group stage we can get the unique values. And after that use $size into project to know the length.
Address.aggregate([
  {
    "$match": {
      "user_id": req.params.userid,
      "postal_code": req.params.postalcode
    }
  },
  {
    "$group": {
      "_id": null,
      "meters": {
        "$sum": "$postalCodeMeters"
      },
      "count": {
        "$sum": 1
      },
      "address": {
        "$addToSet": "$address"
      }
    }
  },
  {
    "$project": {
      "_id": 0,
      "count": 1,
      "meters": 1,
      "uniqueAddressesVisited": {
        "$size": "$address"
      }
    }
  }
])

Example here


text:
Metropolitan Real Estate Home
Metropolitan Luxury Apartments
Standard Apartments by Metropolitan
About Metropolitan Real Estate
Best Investment Opportunities
Metropolitan Real Estate
Best Investment Opportunities In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
The times are changing in the Horn of Africa and the larger East Africa region. Ethiopia – once the byword for famine in the region – is now garnering attention from foreign investors. Sitting in the Sheraton Hotel in Addis Ababa, it is hard not to notice the number of private investors from London to Nairobi to Johannesburg passing through and talking about the changing environment and potential of investment in Ethiopia.
(1) Fast Moving Consumer Goods and Agribusiness
Agriculture and livestock account for more than 50 percent of GDP and employ more than 80 percent of the workforce. The young foreign consultants running around Addis in bunches and pronouncing allegiance to the Agricultural Transformation Agency (ATA) are a humorous indicator of the focus the government puts on agriculture. Ethiopia is also home to Africa's largest livestock population, with huge exports to the Middle East.
The ATA, managed by Khalid Bomba, a former Wall Street banker and staffer at the Gates Foundation, works with local farmers on bettering planting skills, improving irrigation and organizing co-operatives among other things.
Livestock, fish, and poultry present the greatest space for growth. In a country where dairy consumption is at 17 liters per person per year, dairy production could be greatly improved and coupled with a campaign to improve dairy consumption. The fishery is a virtually untouched industry that is also in need of investors.
(2) Education
Ethiopia has no shortage of universities – there are more than 30 across the country. The government has successfully put schools into most villages. As a result, primary schooling continues to grow. Yet the literacy rate sits around 42 percent. This figure will improve over time. And as both primary education attendance and literacy improves, the secondary level of education, specifically universities and vocational schools, will become most attractive for private investment. Investing at this level presents multiple opportunities for scaling and developing infrastructure. Institutions can scale across the country with Ethiopia's much-dispersed population
(3) Heavy Construction
Ethiopia's infrastructure spending, as a percentage of GDP, is the highest in Africa. The Ethiopian government rightfully makes the delivery of infrastructural services, such as transport and energy, a focus of its development plan. Absent the government's current and continued focus on infrastructure, the development story of Ethiopia would hit a wall.
Heavy construction sectors, including cement and steel, are the ancillary beneficiaries of this infrastructure build. The national building lottery is undergoing expansion in Piassa. As you drive out of Addis, you pass newly built affordable government housing or private housing developments; both promptly filling up after the final touches are added. Pass through Bole and expect to encounter changing roadways, as one road finishes construction and another undergoes it.
(4) Telecom Services
Telecommunications is another restricted sector in Ethiopia. Experts estimate that mobile phone penetration in Ethiopia hovers between 10 and 15 percent. Internet penetration is below 1 percent largely due to poor infrastructure and very high prices.
The Ethiopian population will surely surpass 90 million by the end of 2013. What mobile phones and the internet could do for a population of that size is evident in the stories coming out of Kenya and Nigeria. Telecom services would surely be number (1) on our list of investment opportunities if the sector were open to foreign investment.
(5) Financial Services
The African financial services sector has greatly benefited from international banks playing a role in private equity and expansion deals. But such activity has been absent in Ethiopia – home to Africa's 9th largest economy and 2nd biggest population.
Private investors lurk around banks in Ethiopia, eager to jump into a sector not yet available to them. For now, all they can do is a dream about the potential of "almost 90 million people, one of Africa's biggest economies, and high GDP growth means opportunity for financial services," says one insider at Standard Bank, "plus don't forget the huge unbanked population."
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Fuego sees a bright future for the new hybrid: "I see [merengue urbano] getting very far internationally," he says, "as long as you're changing the sound and innovating."
What do you get when you mix the national music of the Dominican Republic with North American hip-hop? How about a new style of Latin popular music which looks poised to explode internationally?
Called merengue urbano (or "urban merengue"), it blends fast-paced, aggressive tropical merengue with urban hip-hop, rap and r&b. Superstars of merengue urbano such as Omega and Fuego perform primarily in Spanish but have adopted the style of America's urban hip-hop stars. And while their music bears an unmistakable tropical Latin stamp, it's with a modern, electronic flourish.
What's fueled this growth is both cultural and aesthetic. Merengue urbano, like its Puerto Rican cousin reggaeton, is a product of second-generation immigrants: young people who fused the street music of urban America with the music of their parents' homeland.
Take Fuego (born Miguel A. Duran), for example. He was born in Washington, D.C., but his parents hail from Santiago and Santo Domingo in the DR. The Duran kids grew up in D.C., Virginia and Maryland, but their home was filled with tropical Latin sounds played by their musician father.
Lyrically, merengue urbano largely eschews hip-hop's themes about urban street life, instead focusing on dance clubs and the party lifestyle.
BMI's Porfirio Piña (far right) pauses for a photo with BMI songwriters Pavel Nuñez (l) and Prince Royce at the Arena Del Cibao in Santiago, Dominican Republic on April 9. Prince Royce was preparing to hit the stage for a sold-out performance at the arena.
Merengue urbano may have started in Dominican immigrant communities, but its fast beats and fresh take on traditional tropical Latin music have made it popular in dance clubs around the world. This, more than anything else, has fueled its growth internationally, say insiders.
Today, merengue urbano has expanded well beyond its Dominican roots. Cuban-American rapper Pitbull has embraced the sound, as has pop superstar Shakira – a Colombian – whose hit "Loca" was in the merengue urbano style. Her Spanish-language version of the song even featured Dominican rapper El Cata. Akon, the Senegalese-American r&b star, has signed Omega to his Konvict Latino label, and no less a trendsetter than Black Eyed Peas are rumored to be working on a merengue urbano song.
Says Boy Wonder, "You've got lot of urban artists who are now getting involved with urbano. Look at Daddy Yankee and Prince Royce – a reggaeton megastar and a future bachata star. They wrote a song together and it's actually a merengue urbano single." The song, "Ven Conmigo (Come with Me)," launched in late April 2011 and ignited, climbing the Billboard Latin Songs chart and the Latin Pop Songs chart.
At the very least, merengue urbano's fun themes and danceability will keep it a club mainstay. And Fuego sees the sound changing to stay current.


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Domaniewice (gemeente)
 Domaniewice (Łódź)
 Domaniewice (Klein-Polen)
 Domaniewice (powiat Białobrzeski)
 Domaniewice (powiat Grójecki)


We report on a combined experimental and theoretical study of Li+ ions solvated by up to 50 He atoms. The experiments show clear enhanced abundances associated with HenLi+ clusters where n = 2, 6, 8, and 14. We find that classical methods, e.g. basin-hopping (BH), give results that qualitatively agree with quantum mechanical methods such as path integral Monte Carlo, diffusion Monte Carlo and quantum free energy, regarding both energies and the solvation structures that are formed. The theory identifies particularly stable structures for n = 4, 6 and 8 which line up with some of the most abundant features in the experiments.


Before the revamp of the ADF Dedicant Path, the original requirement was for meditation specifically, rather than for the broader concept of mental discipline that replaced it.
I'm actually glad that I did that requirement under the old rules, as I might not have discovered meditation at all otherwise.
My partner, Steve, spent seven years in a Japanese monastery, and he's the one who taught me how to sit. While Zen meditation techniques are not Indo-European, necessarily1, they do work, and have given me not only mental discipline, but also a sense of calm in the midst of everyday dramas.
Meditation, as I understand and practice it, is an extremely focused practice, where the mind is concentrated on a single experience, idea or chant, with the avowed purpose of forcing the ego to retreat and allow one to exist for a time totally in the present, in a state of conscious silence. Here, internal stimuli are reduced and the external ones increased.
When I first started meditating, I found it to be incredibly difficult. Steve showed me how to sit, and told me to do just what the old DP handbook said, to count my breaths with my eyes open. He had me look down at an imaginary spot somewhere in front of where I was sitting, and loosely stare at it in an unfocused way.
For each sitting, I would count a full breath, in and out, as one breath. I would take nine breaths as a single cycle, and I would repeat this cycle nine times, for a total of 81 breaths. I kept count by gently lifting a finger for each cycle. In time, I finally got to the point where I'd only have to breath five or six times before I could abandon all that counting.
But as a beginner, I needed that counting badly. My conscious mind rebelled at my insistance that it quiet down, as my ego hated the idea of losing control. Counting the breaths was something that I could hang on to, at least.
But thoughts still intruded. Indeed, they didn't go away at all for weeks! But someone told me to think of meditating as sitting before a swiftly flowing river, and to think of my thoughts as leaves floating on that river. I had a choice - I could pick up one of those leaves (thoughts) and hold it up to my face and examine it, or I could just let it float on down the river. In other words, whenever thoughts would intrude, I had the choice of grabbing a hold of them, and thinking about them, or I could see the thoughts and let them go, neither holding on nor suppressing them. This worked in time. Now I can go for whole minutes without thoughts intruding!
According to the website of the University of North Dakota, scientific evidence is accumulating that suggests that meditation does indeed induce changes in the brain caused by the simple act of focusing. While there is much work to be done, it is apparent that something's going on.
Learning to meditate has given me a bit of control over my mind, and this has enabled me to trance better, visualize better, and (I hope) do better magic. I know that the stillness that meditation can give me has made me a better priest. So this is the form of mental discipline that I practice. And I recommend it highly.
1Steve tells me that he was taught in Japan that Zen meditation was descended from practices originating in the Indus Valley civilization that were adopted by the conquering Vedics. From there they passed into Hinduism and Bhuddism. All cultures borrow from their neighbors.


This month, I want to write about the incredible growth and development we have had at the Golden Jubilee since becoming a part of the NHS in Scotland back in 2002.
Originally asked to reduce waiting times and support patients in need of dedicated elective procedures, we have changed dramatically over the past 13 years.
In 2008, we became the home of dedicated national and regional heart and lung services, bringing surgery, cardiology and diagnostics under one roof to develop and provide a consistent, world-class, heart and lung centre for Scotland.
Since then, we have helped to give thousands of people all across Scotland a better quality of life. In 2006/07 our heart and lung services treated 1,850 people; fast forward to 2013/14 and over 10,000 people have benefited from them. When we look closer, our activity for Diagnostic and interventional Cardiology has increased by 378%, our Cardiothoracic surgery has increase by 711% and the number of Heart Transplant operations carried out has more than tripled.
Over the past several years, we have established ourselves as one of the largest specialist and elective orthopaedic centres in Europe; continuously improving and expanding our services, leading ground breaking research into Computer Assisted Navigation for Hip Arthroplasty, and recently carrying out our first Ankle Replacement procedures. We now carry out 25% of all hip and knee replacements for NHSScotland, an increase of 114% since 2006/07. And in late February, it was announced that we will be taking on an additional 300 procedures every year, taking our annual total up to 4,500: meaning we can make a positive impact on the lives of more people than ever before.
Our Ophthalmology service, established in 2007, has continued to evolve as a specialist provider of high volume cataract surgery. Recently expanding to undertake 4,000 outpatient appointments and carrying out at least 12% of cataract operations, helping 2,800 every year. As one of the largest ophthalmic centres in Scotland, our pioneering team also provide outreach services to rural areas in the Highlands and island of Orkney.
We are also delighted with the progress of our Award Winning Diagnostic Imaging team, carrying out MRI, CT, Bone Densitometry, Ultrasound and DEXA scanning, increasing our activity by 9% since 2006/07. During this time, these facilities, along with our four Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, not only allowed us to diagnose and treat specialist, complex conditions, but have been used to lead the way in ground breaking research and clinical trials for the benefit of, not only our patients, but for the NHS as a whole.
None of this – not one single additional procedure or improvement in care – would have been at all possible without the collective effort of our brilliant team of staff across all disciplines and the views, input and efforts of our patients, their relatives and out marvellous volunteers.
We are very proud of our expansion over this relatively short period of time,. But expanding services only works for patients if we remain focussed on consistently delivering the highest possible level of quality and person centred care. With that in mind, the most recent figures show 100% of our inpatient and day-case patients were treated within the 12 week treatment time guarantee. 100% of patients are also waiting less than 12-weeks for their first outpatient consultation with 100% of patients being seen and treated after initial referral within 18 weeks.
There's more. We have consistently achieved our 31 day HEAT treatment standard of 31 days for all cancer patients under our care. On average, our patients wait just 13 days, with the maximum wait from the "decision to treat" date being 30 days. Going forward, we will continue to work with referring Boards to meet the 62 day standard, and help more patients beat this life changing disease.
As a proud and integral part of NHSScotland, we are constantly looking for new and innovative ways to improve our services to make sure we are helping as many patients across Scotland as possible. As we prepare for a further expansion, this will be more important than ever before as we continue to lead quality, research and innovation on behalf of the NHS in Scotland.


New Zealand soldiers have seen combat in conflicts since colonial times, their valour earning many awards for service and gallantry. Sadly, impoverished circumstances saw many medals sold, separating the soldier's descendants from the evidence of their relative's bravery in those land, sea and air battles.
Reuniting families with the medals of their ancestor veterans is our way of acknowledging and honouring the sailors, soldiers and airmen who have gone before us, those who have served and died in the service of their Sovereign and Country for the freedoms we enjoy.
A family's inherited medals stimulate our emotional connections to the veterans irrespective of how long ago they died, and wearing their medals is a tangible means of paying tribute to them on appropriate occasions. Medals that have been lost over time to descendant families incrementally diminish memories of a the from one generation to the next until the he or she becomes anonymous or forgotten. Medals that remain within a family and handed down to successive generations provide a historical context for a family to Remember and a visible symbol with which families can demonstrate their pride on public occasions such as ANZAC and Remembrance Days. Families who establish a tradition of wearing family medals to honour their veterans, create an unspoken and perpetual pathway of pride for the generations of family following in their footsteps, those in whom they are able to confidently invest with the responsibility of continuing the tradition when their time comes to inherit the family medals – your family veterans deserve nothing less.
Where is your family's military 'Taonga' ?
War medals as heirlooms can inspire our deepest sentiments and pride when we memorializing our deceased veterans. A family's pride is never more evident than if an ancestor veteran was decorated for an outstanding act of gallantry or bravery, particularly if the act resulted in their supreme sacrifice (death).
We should remember also the thousands of New Zealand families of veterans from the Boer War to the present day who suffered dreadfully when one of their sons or daughters was killed or died on active service. For the thousands of veterans who returned – some severely wounded, incapacitated or who endured extreme hardship and privation, the 'broken' also included their families many of whom paid a price for the rest of their lives.
Our sentiments and pride for these veterans and their families now past, may stirred briefly by a photographs or personal memento but never more than when we wear these simple but powerfully symbols of sacrifice and suffering – the campaign medals of our ancestor veterans. These taonga are a family's military heritage and have the power to crystalize our thoughts of Remembrance – of the serviceman or woman, their families, of the time, those who survived and those who suffered, and those who paid the ultimate price … lest we forget.
Are the medals of your family veterans still in your family? Many veteran's medals have been lost, discarded or disposed of without little consideration of what they really represent. Without due care and responsible guardianship of your ancestral taonga, their loss to family can rapidly diminish the memory of an ancestor veteran and the service they gave for the freedoms we enjoy. WE the living, have a responsibility to Remember and honour their service and sacrifice with their taonga, possibly the only thing that remains, and to pass these from generation to generation so they will never be forgotten.
Sadly, every medal that we reunite represents a family which has either died out and their medals disposed of, or a medal that has been permanently lost to a family through being accidentally misplaced, given away, purposely cast away, sold or stolen. Irrespective of the reasons medals have left a family's guardianship it is our belief the rightful place of any medal that is found (or no longer wanted by its owner) is with the veteran's surviving family or descendant kin. By reuniting families with the medals sent to us we, in some small way, can help to keep alive the memory of some of the many thousands of otherwise faceless veterans who have been long forgotten by their families and descendants.
If you are searching for lost or missing medals of your ancestor veterans, first check the list of those medals we are currently holding on our MEDALS ~ FOUND page – then contact MRNZ for guidance on what to do next.
What if you find family MEDALS – what to do ?
Should you find medals that you believe belong to your family, now in the hands of someone else (citizen, collector, dealer, organisation) I urge you to proceed with caution!
Any overtures you make to the owner along the lines of "you are a family member or descendant of the veteran, and so the medals should be yours as a matter of historical right" will likely fall on deaf ears, and potentially cost you the chance of buying the medals back into your family. Bear in mind that serious collectors and reputable dealers are likely to have proof of their medal acquisitions and therefore legal ownership.
Find out the facts first The best approach is to ask the owner how the medals were acquired. It could be they were deliberately sold, swapped, gifted or otherwise disposed of by the original veteran owner, or another family member some years ago and so could have been through numerous owner's hands. The owner may or may not tell you, that is their prerogative. Depending upon how keen you are to recover the medals, ask the owner if they are prepared to negotiate a buy-back? If so, do not be put off by the asking price; tell them you will think about it and then seek advice before doing anything else – MRNZ can help you here.
If you believe the medals you have found in the hands of another person or organisation were stolen from your family, the best course of action is to seek immediate advice from Police. Let them unravel the circumstances and ask the relevant questions concerning acquisition and legal ownership. But a word of warning, if the medals were not reported as stolen at the time they went missing you will be unlikely to have a legal entitlement to get them back.
Buying back family medals is fraught with problems that could cost you dearly if you do not have the necessary knowledge to scrutinize a potential purchase before you hand over the money. Buying a fake/replica/duplicate or re-named medals purported to be your family's are just some of the traps associate with buying medals. Not having the expertise to know exactly what it is you are looking at, or what to look for sets you up for failure and the potential for rip off. MRNZ is happy to provide this advice and to negotiate with an owner on your behalf (no charges involved). You will however need to provide documentary and photographic proof of your identity and proof of your ancestral entitlement to the veteran's medals before any approach is made to the owner.
Buying MEDALS – what to look for ?
Beware of all medals advertised as "genuine". They may well be, but … they could also be replica/reproduction/copy or fake medals (all of these terms apply) and even artificially aged to give the appearance of being genuine – a classic trap for an eager descendant and novice medal buyer.
Beware of WW1 medals that do not have the military details of the recipient impressed (stamped, not engraved) around the edge of circular medals or on the reverse of others, e.g. the Stars. Details were impressed with a metal lettering press which often produced irregularly aligned letters and numbers, particularly on the edges of circular medals. If a WW1 medal has been engraved the shallow depth of the engraving and regularity of letter & number alignment will be obvious, in which case it is likely to be a replica.
Beware of old medals (Boer War, WW1) that are unusually bright and shiny or those that have a silky smooth feel and appearance for the era they represent. All WW1 and WW2 medals that have not been well cared for could be expected to show signs of natural ageing, wear or neglect. A dull surface finish, corrosion spots or verdigris, tired or damaged/grubby original ribbons are typical of medals that have not been restored. Genuine medals of vintage can also be expected to a number of nicks, dings and surface scratching arising from years of handling and wear. If any of the medals you wish to buy have an unblemished finish (unusual for medals that have been around for 100+ years!) or the surface appears to have a clear coating of some sort, the medal will likely be a replica/copy. If the surface is unusually dull and dark in colour showing no sign of care it may have be an artificially "aged" replica/copy.
Beware of ribbon quality. Genuine WW1 ribbons were quite thin and made of a silk/cotton mix; WW2 ribbons slightly thicker using cottons and some synthetic materials but had a similar silky feel. Unless genuine new ribbon has been used, the appearance of replica ribbons is quite distinctive – gaudy/unnatural colours, poor weave detail, 'watered' colours on the Victory Medal and Atlantic Star do not merge seamlessly, ribbon quality is not smooth to the touch and is made of synthetic materials or jute. Reproduction medal ribbon is used widely on genuine and replica/copy medals by those in the business of mounting medals, and these will suit most people. Nothing wrong with that unless you are a collector or a stickler for originality. However do use the ribbon's appearance and feel as an indicator for closer scrutiny of the medal before you buy. This subject is a 'minefield' where professional advice is definitely recommended.
Be – Aware of medal values. Buying back family medals can be an expensive exercise. Without a rudimentary knowledge of the market prices of medals you want to buy, you leave yourself open to be ripped off. This should be part of your homework before contemplating any buy. Use the internet – Trade-Me and eBay, to get the feel for market pricing so you can determine if the asking price for your medals is fair, or inflated beyond their worth. Conversely, has the price been deflated for a quick sale? Why a quick sale? It may be that one or some of the medals in a group are non-genuine or have been modified in some way. There are many other factors which can affect the price of medals which is not general knowledge and about which only a well versed medal enthusiast can advise.
Early and modern military medals are generally named (impressed or laser engraved) with a service number, rank, initials, surname and arm of service/corps/name of the deploying force (e.g. N.Z.E.F). Officially named medals until recently were impressed using specific font styles on the edge of circular medals and on the reverse/back of all other shaped medals (e.g. the Stars). Laser engraved medal naming appears as charcoal coloured letters and numbers in a block capital font, burnt into the surface of a medal edge and completely smooth to the touch.
WW1 medals – the good news is that all genuine WW1 service medals (there were only five incl. the Mercantile Marine Medal) were issued NAMED which greatly increases the odds of their return when found.
WW2 medals – the not so good news with these medals is that due to the high costs of naming, all medals issued to the UK and New Zealand were UN-NAMED* and therefore the chances of finding missing originals, or of returning those found or donated, is next to impossible.
Note: * There are two things that can help immeasurably with the recovery or return of un-named medals that have been lost or stolen: the first is accompanying proof of ownership such as documents, photos, or other military items that can be verified by the owner, and the second, WW2 medals that have been privately engraved with the recipient's military details. Having your un-named medals engraved with a recipient's details is highly recommended to ensure the best chances of their return should they be recovered.
MRNZ acknowledges the absolute right of any medal collector or commercial medal trader to engage in the collection and trade in military medals. Numerous war and service medals have been disposed of over the decades for a variety of reasons, sometimes by veterans themselves and sometimes by family members. Were it not for the conscientious preservation and guardianship of these medals by the medal collector community, many thousands of New Zealander's war and service medals, including some rare and prestigious medals important to New Zealand's military and social history would have been lost forever.
Medal collectors or owners wishing to dispose of any of their medals, and who have a preference for offering them to family first, are very welcome to contact MRNZ for our assistance to locate family or descendants, and to propose a buy-back option to them.
In the interests of encouraging descendant families to reconnect with forgotten war veteran ancestors, we respectfully requests medal collectors and medal dealers who are approached by families regarding their family medals, to consider allowing them the 'first right of refusal' to buy-back these medals.
Advice you can trust is essential before you enter into any arrangement to buy medals. Whether you are buying from the internet, a dealer, at auction or making a private purchase ask for our help first! – it's FREE and may save you a lot of heartache.
DAVID MALCOLM FRANK LINES ~ NZDSM "National Service" medal recovered from donated goods to a Nelson Op-Shop.
PERCIVAL RICHARD SIMEON ~ Borneo General Service Medal lost 50 years ago reunited with its Perth owner.
RONALD GORDON HAY-MACKENZIE ~ Unclaimed WW2 medals of Westport POW united with family after 63 years.
FREDERICK EVERARD NEEDHAM ~ Taihape boy's war medal gift of 80 years ago finds a home with recipient's nephew.
ALEXANDER FREDERICK McINTYRE ~ ANZAC Medallion for Greymouth great-nephew of 2nd day Gallipoli casualty.
!! MEDALS FOUND !! ~ Stolen WW2 medals listed on Trade-Me auction ~ !! MEDALS REUNITED !!


How do I let my students under 13 use Spark? Your documentation says to use a teacher account but is there a class account that can be made?
I'm excited to use Spark, only to find that my students in grade 45 cannot access or create their own account because they are younger than 13. Your documentation says that we can use a teacher account but do you suggest we share our teacher account? That would not be possible in our school board because we use google and it would be impossible to let my students use my account. Is there not a way to make a class account? We can change the age but those who tried before we knew the age of 13 are now locked out. What can we do for them now? Awaiting your suggestions.
As per the EDU Guide, for now a teacher should create a shared classroom account and all students (including minors) can use that.
Can you get a waiver signed by all the guardians of the parents and have them sign up their children for the account?


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Q: Как использовать дважды значения Repeater (репитера) ACF Wordpress На странице есть репитер в который загружаются картинки и текст, и ниже на странице эти же  картинки должны повторяться, интересует есть ли возможность вывести дважды  значение репитера, что бы админу не нужно было дважды загружать те же картинки в разные репиторы

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Our neighbour brought T, L and R some chocolate and a teddy around.
It was all because of the other day. We were setting off to nursery and he was talking to T.
They ended up agreeing that she would paint him a picture of a flower.
T left nursery upset because they'd not done any painting that day so never did him a picture.
The day after, she did some paintings at nursery. When I went to pick her up, she kept saying she had a picture for the man next door.
It was a dinosaur, kinda! Maybe more of a green blob with a red dot in the middle but still, a dinosaur!
We nipped next door to give him the painting and he was very greatful and said he'd buy her some sweeties as a thank you.
Well that was early in the week. I wasn't expecting him to get her anything, or if he did, maybe one of the 6 pence bags of haribo from home bargains.
Instead, he came round with a big carrier bag of sweets and goodies!
I was in shock! I couldn't say thank you enough! It was really sweet and lovely!


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Q: Whats wrong with Libgdx mesh transparancy? I have g3db model that consists of cylinder and "10gonal" prism inside cylinder.
Prism material has texture and blending attributes, and cylinder has blending and color attribute with 0.5 transparency. And the problem is that looking from different sides "changes" cylinder transparency:
http://i.stack.imgur.com/1sPuh.jpg
And I need cylinder to be transparent from any point of view.

A: Actually @cfrick was right. I found that libgdx's DefaultRenderableSorter changes rendering order according to mesh translation and camera position. And due to cylinder is a solid, and every side of prism is separate renderable calculation was wrong. Will write my own particular RenderableSorter.
 Thank you.