text:
Q: Put correct labels on y-axis with matplotlib I have an OHLC candlestick graph and i want put the correct labels on y-axis but i cant, i want to put the close price in y-axis. This is my code and data.
the graph looks like this : https://i.imgsafe.org/2354d30039.jpg

datos_tratados.csv
datetime, open, high, low, close
201611010000,1.096100,1.096140,1.096100,1.096130
201611010001,1.096130,1.096200,1.096130,1.096160
201611010002,1.096150,1.096210,1.096140,1.096150
201611010003,1.096140,1.096170,1.096130,1.096140
201611010004,1.096150,1.096220,1.096150,1.096220
201611010005,1.096220,1.096320,1.096220,1.096300
201611010006,1.096300,1.096340,1.096300,1.096340
201611010007,1.096350,1.096360,1.096320,1.096340
201611010008,1.096360,1.096370,1.096350,1.096370
201611010009,1.096370,1.096410,1.096340,1.096360
201611010010,1.096360,1.096380,1.096360,1.096360
201611010011,1.096370,1.096370,1.096370,1.096370
201611010012,1.096370,1.096370,1.096300,1.096320
201611010013,1.096320,1.096390,1.096300,1.096380
201611010014,1.096380,1.096410,1.096360,1.096380
201611010015,1.096370,1.096370,1.096350,1.096360
201611010016,1.096350,1.096350,1.096320,1.096320
201611010017,1.096290,1.096300,1.096290,1.096300
201611010018,1.096320,1.096420,1.096320,1.096420
201611010019,1.096440,1.096440,1.096350,1.096370
201611010020,1.096360,1.096530,1.096340,1.096530
201611010021,1.096500,1.096520,1.096480,1.096520
201611010022,1.096510,1.096520,1.096480,1.096510
201611010023,1.096520,1.096530,1.096490,1.096520
201611010024,1.096520,1.096610,1.096520,1.096560
201611010025,1.096570,1.096790,1.096570,1.096790
201611010026,1.096770,1.096830,1.096660,1.096820
201611010027,1.096810,1.096850,1.096800,1.096810
201611010028,1.096790,1.096790,1.096680,1.096690
201611010029,1.096690,1.096700,1.096680,1.096700

the code:
from datetime import datetime
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.finance import date2num
from matplotlib import style
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.finance import candlestick_ohlc
import matplotlib.dates as md
import matplotlib.ticker as mticker

# Generar numpy.array con los 4 datos, convirtiendo la fecha en flotante para graficar
convertir = lambda x: date2num(datetime.strptime(x.decode("utf-8"), '%Y%m%d%H%M'))
fecha, apertura, alto, bajo, cierre = np.loadtxt('datos_tratados.csv', delimiter=',', unpack=True,
                                                 converters={0: convertir})

style.use('dark_background')
plt.rc('font', size=10)
figura, ax = plt.subplots()
plt.title('EURUSD', size=15)
plt.grid(False)

ohlc = []
for i in range(len(fecha)):
    agregar = fecha[i], apertura[i], alto[i], bajo[i], cierre[i]
    ohlc.append(agregar)

# Generar el gráfico ohlc y configuraciones básicas del eje x
#plt.plot(fecha, cierre)
candlestick_ohlc(ax, ohlc, width=0.0004, colorup='lime', colordown='red')
xfmt = md.DateFormatter('%d %b %H:%M')
ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(xfmt)

for label in ax.xaxis.get_ticklabels():
    label.set_rotation(90)

# plt.xticks(fecha)
ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(mticker.MaxNLocator(25))
plt.xlim(min(fecha) - 0.001, max(fecha) + 0.0017)
ax.yaxis.tick_right()
plt.subplots_adjust(left=0.01, bottom=0.20, right=0.94, top=0.90, wspace=0.2, hspace=0)
plt.show()

how can I do it?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Barton Gellman
Dark Mirror
'A remarkable, authentic and chilling exposé of a global conspiracy that reads like a first-rate conspiracy thriller: a book of gripping, compulsive and disturbing impact' William Boyd
Dark Mirror is the ultimate inside account of the vast, global surveillance network that now pervades all our lives.
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Through a gripping narrative of paranoia, clandestine operations and jaw-dropping revelations, Dark Mirror delineates in full for the first time the hidden superstructure that connects government espionage with Silicon Valley. Who is spying on us and why? Here are the answers.
Barton Gellman is a prize-winning journalist and author whose awards include three Pulitzer Prizes, two George Polk Awards and Harvard's Goldsmith Prize for investigative reporting. Now based at the Century Foundation, Gellman was a correspondent for the Washington Post for over 20 years where he led the team that won the 2014 Pulitzer for Public Service for coverage of the global surveillance machinery. His bestselling Angler: The Cheney Vice Presidency was a New York Times Notable Book of 2008 and won the Los Angeles Times Book Prize.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Ganciclovir ist ein Analogon der Nukleinbase Guanin. Es wird als Virostatikum gegen Herpesviren eingesetzt.

Chemie
Ganciclovir ist – wie die Analoga Aciclovir und Penciclovir – ein Derivat der Nukleinbase Guanin, die als Bestandteil der DNS und RNS vorkommt. Da Ganciclovir wegen der NH-Acidität der Lactamgruppe schwach sauer reagiert (pKs 9,4), bildet es ein Natriumsalz, das therapeutisch eingesetzt wird.

Anwendung
Ganciclovir wird vor allem bei Erkrankungen eingesetzt, die durch das
Cytomegalievirus (CMV, synonym Humanes Herpesvirus 5 / HHV 5) hervorgerufen werden.
Von besonderer Bedeutung sind dabei CMV-Infektionen
 bei Immunschwäche im Rahmen von Transplantationen oder einer AIDS-Erkrankung, sowie
 während der Schwangerschaft.
(Details siehe Hauptartikel Zytomegalie).

Ganciclovir wirkt auch bei Keratitis herpetica ("Augenherpes") und kann hier topisch in Form eines Augengels verabreicht werden.

Experimentell wird es auch zur Therapie maligner Entartungen verwendet, z. B. bei onkolytischen Viren. In der Biochemie wird Ganciclovir in Verbindung mit Selektionsmarkern zur negativen Selektion eingesetzt.

Wirkungsweise
Ganciclovir wirkt zwar gegen alle den Menschen befallende Herpesviren, vornehmlich aber gegen das Cytomegalievirus (CMV) (wird ca. 10-fach stärker in CMV-infizierten Zellen phosphoryliert, somit stärker aktiviert, als in gesunden Zellen). In infizierten Zellen wird es durch virale Kinasen zunächst zum Monophosphat, danach durch zelluläre Kinasen zum 5'-Triphosphat phosphoryliert. Besonders in virenbefallenen Zellen wird es zunächst von der zelleigenen Guaninkinase in Ganciclovir-Triphosphat umgewandelt, um als synthetisches Nukleosid-Analogon in die virale DNA eingebaut zu werden, wobei dies zum Kettenabbruch führt, indem die virale Polymerase eine Base nach Einbau des Ganciclovir die Kettenverlängerung abbricht.

Verabreichung und Pharmakokinetik
Da seine orale Bioverfügbarkeit unter 5 % liegt, wird es für gewöhnlich in zwei Einzeldosen von je 5 mg pro kg Körpergewicht in zwölfstündigem Abstand als Infusion verabreicht. Mit einem pH von 11 ist die Lösung seines Natriumsalzes stark alkalisch, so dass die Infusion langsam über eine große Vene erfolgen muss. Aus demselben Grund sind auch Fehlinfusionen (in eine Arterie, die Subkutis oder die Muskulatur) zu vermeiden.

Bei Patienten wurden nach einer Infusionsdauer von 60 Minuten mittlere Plasmakonzentrationen von etwa 6 mg/l erzielt. Die Substanz wird hauptsächlich unverändert über die Nieren ausgeschieden, wobei die Eliminationshalbwertszeit bei normaler Nierenfunktion etwa 1,5 bis 3 Stunden beträgt. Eine Dosisanpassung bei eingeschränkter Kreatinin-Clearance muss erfolgen.

Als orale Verabreichung wird dreimal 1 g täglich mit den Mahlzeiten eingenommen; topische Anwendungen in Gel-Form im Bereich der Augen sind seit 2006 auf dem deutschen Markt.

Unerwünschte Wirkungen
Da Ganciclovir deutlich höhere toxische Eigenschaften als beispielsweise Aciclovir aufweist (es wird in nicht-infizierten Zellen deutlich stärker phosphoryliert, also aktiviert, als Aciclovir), ist mit hohen Nebenwirkungsraten zu rechnen.

Die am häufigsten beobachteten Nebenwirkungen sind Neutropenie, Thrombozytopenie und Anämie, weniger häufig treten auf: Eosinophilie, Erhöhung der Transaminasen oder der Harnstoff- und Kreatinin-Konzentrationen im Plasma; zentralnervöse Begleiterscheinungen wie Schwindel, Kopfschmerzen, Halluzinationen, Krämpfe; Symptome im Bereich des Magen-Darm-Trakts (Übelkeit, Erbrechen und Diarrhö); Hauterscheinungen.

Handelsnamen
Monopräparate
Cymeven (D), Cymevene (A, CH), Virgan (D)

Siehe auch
 Valganciclovir

Einzelnachweise

Guanin
Virostatikum
Arzneistoff
Enzyminhibitor
Zellkulturreagenz
Glycolether

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Q: C: Are structs implemented as pointers? Okay, I've searched around the other questions with similar names here, but no dice.
My question: Say we have a struct and an array of said struct:
typedef struct derp {
    int herp;
    double schlerp;
} struct_t;
struct_t* dynamic_array = (struct_t*)calloc(my_array_size, sizeof(struct_t));

Are structs implemented as pointers? Meaning, how does the following behave?
struct_t me;
me = dynamic_array[complicated calculation best not repeated];
me.herp += 2; //pretend it's properly initialized
me.schlerp *= 2; //ditto

Would the entry in that array show the changes to the struct members? I.e. is the me a deep copy of the array's struct's members, or merely a "pointer" of somesort to the same members as pointed to by the array?
I apologize if the question isn't making much sense, I'm trying to word it in more ways than one to minimize miscommunication. (Here's hoping that doesn't backfire :P)

A: me is a shallow copy of the data in the array. Changing the members in me does not alter what's in the array. If the structure contains a pointer (a char * for example) then what it points to is not copied, just the pointer value, so modifying a deferenced pointer will affect the dereferenced value of the array entry as well (did that make sense?)

A: They are not implemented as pointers.
when you use the subscript operator  [] on a pointer, it is interpreted as requesting the element at that position. so the compiler is simply able to determine the offset because the size of  the struct is known/constant.
// creates a new struct on the stack:
struct_t me;
// copies from dynamic_array[idx] to me
me = dynamic_array[idx];

Would the entry in that array show the changes to the struct members?

no - me is a copy.

I.e. is the me a deep copy of the array's struct's members, or merely a "pointer" of somesort to the same members as pointed to by the array?

if you want to alter the original, you can either reassign the struct:
dynamic_array[idx] = me;

or just work with a pointer to the struct to mutate:
struct_t* const me = &dynamic_array[idx];
me->herp += 2;

A: A struct is a description or a template that the compiler uses to determine the offset from the beginning of a memory area where the struct begins to the various members of the struct.
If you create a single, non-array variable using a struct, the compiler will allocate memory for that variable.  The amount of the memory will depend on the size of the struct which in turn depends on the types of the members of the struct.
An array that is defined using a struct is an array of individual struct members.  When you access an array element, the compiler figures a memory offset based on the the array index used and the size of the struct.
A struct has behavior similar to a built in type such as an int.  You can declare an int or a struct, an array of int or a struct, or a pointer to an int or a struct.
The main difference between an int and a struct is that the int is a built in type where as a struct is created and described by the programmer as a new type.
However I have found that it is most helpful to think of all data types, built in or specified by the programmer, as being a template for a memory area that the compiler uses to keep up with the address of the memory area, the type of the memory area, the size of the memory area, and what actions are allowed on the memory area.
The important point of this is that when you do assignment in C, think of it as being a copy of one memory area to another without any intelligence other than what would be from using a memcpy() function to do the same memory copy.  So when a struct variable containing a pointer is assigned to another struct variable both struct variables will have the same pointer, pointing to the same memory region.
However the basics of assignment, pointer calculations, and other behaviors are very similar between struc and built in types.
typedef struct {
   int iValue;
   int jValue;
} MyStruct;

{
   int   iLoneInt, jLoneInt;
   int  *piLoneInt;
   MyStruct  aStruct, bStruct;
   MyStruct  *paStruct;

   // simple assignment
   iLoneInt = 1;
   aStruct.iValue = 1;    // specify the struct member

   // assignment of one variable to another
   bStruct = aStruct;    // copies the value in memory region aStruct to bStruct
   jLoneInt = iLoneInt;  // copies the value in memory region iLoneInt to jLoneInt
   memcpy (&bStruct, &aStruct, sizeof(MyStruct));  // same as assignment
   memcpy (&jLoneInt, &iLoneInt, sizeof(int));  // same as assignment

   piLoneInt = &iLoneInt;   // gets address of memory region iLoneInt
   paStruct = &aStruct;     // gets address of memory region aStruct

   jLoneInt = *piLoneInt;   // copies value in memory region pointed to by piLineInt to jLoneInt
   bStruct = *paStruct;    // copies value in memory region pointed to by paStruct to bStruct
   memcpy (&bStruct, paStruct, sizeof(MyStruct));  // same as assignment


text:
Kathleen Tigerman's Wisconsin Indian Literature: Anthology of Native Voices
I don't think there can be too many anthologies of American Indian writings. That, of course, is personal opinion, but I think I have strong support in both the Native and academic communities, especially where those two overlap. Kathleen Tigerman's collection of writings by those nations inhabiting the state of Wisconsin, both now and in the past, is therefore a welcome addition to the literature. She has included representative writings from those groups currently resident in Wisconsion, no matter their places of origin. This has the result of providing not only a picture of the historical context of those tribes "native" to the Upper Midwest (and I use that term advisedly – North America was no less subject to migrations of peoples than any other continent), but those who arrived later in history. The nations represented, then, are a mix of "Midwestern" groups, resident in the area in pre-Columbian times (Menominee, Ho-Chunk, Potawatomi), and later migrants, mostly from the eastern seaboard (Ojibwe, Oneida, Stockbridge-Munsee Mohican, and Brothertown).
What makes this collection particularly rewarding is that in addition to the more or less standard roster of creation stories and tales of mythic heroes, Tigerman has included a series of orations, polemics, poetry and drama by Native writers which serves to bring the narrative into the present and also gives an indication of how diverse the Native voice is. I was especially struck by the way some selections resonate with strands of thought one might think far outside the concerns of Native writers. The poem "The Long Parenthesis," by Roberta J. Hill (Oneida), for example, immediately called to mind Paul Mariah's "Quarry/Rock: A Reality Poem in the Tradition of Genet." Both are cast in prison settings, both deal with a territory beyond despair, and both portray, in bald, uninflected diction, the terms of life for those disfavored by society.
A very different reality comes through in "Interview with a Midwife," by Carol Cornelius (Oneida/Mahican) and Katsi Cook (Mohawk), which is about corn. I don't think I've read anything that brings home better the status of corn as not only a staple but a metaphor for the life of the North American Natives. It's a dialogue that explores science, medicine, the traditional role of women, communities and society at large and is, in its final effect, surprisingly powerful.
And, speaking of the traditional role of women, one of the most interesting inclusions is a section of the Great Law of Peace of the Iroquois Confederacy. Titled "Matriarchy," it covers those sections dealing with the power of women over the councils of the Confederacy: the General Council of Women appointed the Chiefs and the War Chiefs and also removed them for cause. The right to vote on such questions passed within the maternal line, as did lineal descent as a whole – status was inherited from one's mother. Women were the progenitors of the nation, and owned the land. The prominence of women's voices among Native activists, writers, and politicians, then, is really no surprise.
Also in this excerpt, of interest to those concerned with the origins of our own brand of representative democracy, are sections dealing with how decisions are made, how the powers of the various councils are apportioned, and the role of the people in making decisions – "the will of the people" is not something that sprang full-grown from the brow of James Madison or Thomas Jefferson (which, all things considered, I would find highly unlikely anyway). While there is some debate about the origins of our national institutions, given the lack of such mechanisms in European societies of the time it seems more than a little possible that the seeds of our own democracy had first sprouted among the Iroquois. It's of more than minor significance, I think, that this form of government had been in existence in North America for at least two hundred years before the first Continental Congress.
This is, as much as anything else, a political document. I think anyone interested in the Native heritage of this country enough to pursue a volume like this is going to be aware of it, but the way abuses are detailed in these selections is, I think, new. This strand starts in the excellent forward by Dr. Jim Ottery, with its explication of a broad meaning of "literature" that comes to include oral and written traditions, stories, tales, and the rhetoric of public discourse. Tigerman's own Introduction reinforces the narrow focus of the anthology – Wisconsin only – but there are some comments that I can't credit. The statement that this collection is "the first of its kind" makes sense only if we are limiting the discussion to anthologies of Wisconsin Native literature. As for redressing the "silence in the Americanist canon regarding Native literature," I find that somewhat deceptive, if not downright mistaken. There have been a number of notable anthologies of Native writings by both Native and non-Native writers and editors, beginning with the work of Earnest Goudge in the early part of the twentieth century (which itself built on a long Muskogee literary tradition) and including the groundbreaking work of Richard Erdoes and Alfonso Ortiz, making use of original sources from the nineteenth century on, including many recorded by Erdoes and Ortiz themselves. There are many more things in archives waiting for publication, but this hardly counts as "silence," considering the work that has been and is being done in this area. And, as far as "writing by" as opposed to "writing about," aside from Goudge and scholars such as Jamake Highwater, one need only look at contemporary poetry, fiction, and even polemic to discover vital and unique voices that bring the Native point of view to the larger cultural pool: Sherman Alexie, Louise Erdrich, Joy Harjo, Hyemeyohsts Storm, Vine Deloria, Jr., are just the ones that occur to me on the spur of the moment.
However, when all it said and done, and academic overreaching notwithstanding, this is an excellent addition to the literature, bringing the humor, passion, and dignity of the Native voice to, I hope, a very wide audience.
(The University of Wisconsin Press, 2006)
About Robert Tilendis
Robert M. Tilendis lives a deceptively quiet life. He has made money as a dishwasher, errand boy, legal librarian, arts administrator, shipping expert, free-lance writer and editor, and probably a few other things he's tried very hard to forget about. He has also been a student of history, art, theater, psychology, ceramics, and dance. Through it all, he has been an artist and poet, just to provide a little stability in his life. Along about January of every year, he wonders why he still lives someplace as mundane as Chicago; it must be that he likes it there.
You may e-mail him, but include a reference to Green Man Review so you don't get deleted with the spam.


text:
Palace of Shirvanshahs
Palace of the Shirvanshahs is a 15th-century palace built by the Shirvanshahs and described by UNESCO as "one of the pearls of Azerbaijan's architecture". It is located in the Inner City of Baku, Azerbaijan and, together with the Maiden Tower, forms an ensemble of historic monuments inscribed under the UNESCO World Heritage List of Historical Monuments. The Palace itself was not built in a complex way, but rather new buildings were added up when there was need. It comprises of a palace building, two mosques, mausoleum of the king Khalilullah buried with his mother and sons, bathhouse ("hamam"), east gate (Murad's Gate) stone friezes and Sufi philosopher and scientist Sayid Yahya Bakuvi's mausoleum.
Shirvanshahs Palace
Address:76 Gasr lane, Baku/Azerbaijan
info@shirvanshah.az
Web:shirvanshah.az
4 minutes on foot from Icerisheher Metro Station


This new RockyMounts MonoRail Solo is the best choice for you if you're looking for a durable rack that you can use to carry your bike. This MonoRail Solo is equipped with some of the best features you'll find on bike racks these days. And it all starts with its sturdy 2" and 1.5" racks and Anti-Wobble Lock Hitch Bolt to keep the bike as secure as possible. To make it even more appealing to you, it also comes with a convenient One Key Feature and Locks to make sure that the bike will remain in its place until you reach your destination. Another thing to love about this RockyMounts Solo is that it will perfectly fit bikes with wheel sizes starting from 20" to 29" and Fat Tire Bikes with a maximum tire width size of 5". You can expect all of these great things and more in this RockyMounts MonoRail Solo, making it a bike accessory that you really must have.
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Stuck for ideas on how to entertain the kids this weekend? Check out this awesome mini backyard 'drive-in' cinema a grandmother from Ohio created for her grandkids last Sunday – #parentinggoals!
Forget about just knitting scarves and baking cupcakes – this granny is ALL OVER IT. Taking grandparenting coolness to new heights. Sherry Pratt of New Jackson, Ohio decided to kick things up a notch last week by creating an epic outdoor 'drive-in' cinema for her six grandchildren and their friends.
Using an inflatable movie screen and individually painted boxes acting as cars for each child, no detail was too small for the 49-year-old. The cardboard cars even featured personalised number plates and goodie boxes for each child to enjoy – popcorn, candy, corndogs and juice were among the snacks included inside.
Pratt's 18 year-old niece, Jessie Woods, posted pictures from the cute 'drive-in' to her Twitter account which was an instant hit with people everywhere loving the gran's creation.
"My aunt made a "drive-in" for all the kids in the family and this is exactly how extra I want to be when I'm older," said Jessie on her post. In just a few days the photos have received almost 200,000 likes.
According to Pratt, her six grandchildren are all off school at the moment and she was looking for fun ways she could help entertain them with her husband.
The motive behind this grandma's cool craftiness? Creating memories for the kids in her family that they will remember for years to come.
High fives all round for this groovy grandma!
Given it's winter in Australia at the moment, if you are keen to give the backyard cinema idea a whirl this weekend just make sure you rug up the kids warmly. You might also want to include a blanket and hot chocolate in their little car too!
Have you done anything super cool or crafty for your kids lately?


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Guide to historical Lund and its cultural heritage
The Lundagård Stone
The Lundagård Stone, at 4.6 m, is Denmark's tallest runestone and was probably erected at the end of the 10th century. It was discovered in the ruins of the former All Saints monastery in 1682. Within this former monastery area, the then newly built University Library was inaugurated in 1907.
The runestone was probably moved to Lundagård in 1751, where it lay in three parts at the entrance of the building Lundagårdshuset, which housed the university's historical museum. On the 200th anniversary of the university in 1868, the Viking romantic runestone mound was created in the former Botanical Gardens north of Lundagårdshuset. The Lundagård Stone became the crown of the mound.
When the rebuilding and extension work of the university library was completed in 1957, the runestone was moved to the library's entrance hall. Thus, it has returned to its probable place of origin on Helgonabacken.
The Lundagård Stone or Helgona (All Saints) Stone?
The modern name of the runestone is misleading. The "Helgona Stone" would probably be more apt. One hypothesis is that it was originally part of a runestone monument at a large manor house whose land in the 1070's formed the economic basis for Lund's first monastery.
The inscription on the stone "good landowners" denotes something higher than a simple free farmer, and probably refers to men close to and in the service of the king. The main motif pictures two wolves bearing arms in the process of tearing someone to pieces.
The translation of the runes on the narrow sides read: "Torgisl, son of Esge Björnsson, erected these stones in memory of his two brothers, Olav and Ottar, good landowners."
The huge runestone is considered to be the oldest written original document in the University Library.
Text and photo: Claes Wahlöö
Senast uppdaterad 20 December, 2021 av Ingrid André
Publicerad 20 December, 2021 av Ingrid André


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Licensed donkey keeper who gave rides on Whitby beach banned from keeping animals after neglect investigation
Yorkshire farm worker died in van crash after leaving party, inquest heard
Bradford service remembers terrible sacrifices in Battle of Somme
On the morning of July 1, 1916, 1,400 soldiers – known as the Bradford Pals – 'went over the top' on the first day of the Battle of the Somme.
Tuesday, 2nd July 2019, 10:25 am
It is estimated that as many as three-quarters were killed or injured.
Yesterday, the Deputy Lord Mayor of Bradford, Coun Shabir Hussain, and other dignitaries remembered the sacrifices made by the men of the West Yorkshire Regiment, including the Pals, during the First World War on the 103rd anniversary of the tragic day.
The annual service took place at the memorial to the Bradford Pals in the Memorial Garden behind the Bradford Cenotaph.
The Last Post, sounded by Craig Dixon, from the Band of the West Yorkshire Police.
Coun Hussain said: "The sacrifices of those young men from Bradford who came together to form the Bradford Pals and who gave so much during the First World War and particularly the Battle of the Somme should never be forgotten. We should also remember the grief and suffering of those families whose loved ones never returned home."
The Bradford Territorials in 6th Battalion West Yorks also had a terrible time on July 1, but remained on the Somme and were to suffer heavy losses on July 25 and September 3, 1916.
Licensed donkey keeper who gave rides on Whitby beach banned... News
Plan B measures to be scrapped across England from this date... News
Mum of Reggie Kray's 'adopted son' found dead in Yorkshire a... News
Yorkshire man 'takes stand' against parking fine at petrol s... News
Yorkshire farm worker died in van crash after leaving party,... News


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Elements of Natural Philosophy
By William Thomson Baron Kelvin, Peter Guthrie Tait
Philosophy. We devote to it, accordingly, the whole of this chapter; which will form, as it were, the Geometry of the subject, embracing what can be observed or concluded with regard to actual motions, as long as the cause is not sought. In this category we shall first take up the free motion of a point, then the motion of a point attached to an inextensible cord, then the motions and displacements of rigid systems—and finally, the deformations of solid and fluid masses.
7. When a point moves from one position to another it must evidently describe a continuous line, which may be curved or straight, or even made up of portions of curved and straight lines meeting each other at any angles. If the motion be that of a material particle, however, there can be no abrupt change of velocity, nor of direction unless where the velocity is zero, since (as we shall afterwards see) such would imply the action of an infinite force. It is useful to con. sider at the oatset various theorems connected with the geometrical notion of the path described by a moving point; and these we shall now take up, deferring the consideration of Velocity to a future section, as being more closely connected with physical ideas.
8. The direction of motion of a moving point is at each instant the tangent drawn to its path, if the path be a curve; or the path itself if a straight line. This is evident from the definition of the tangent to a curve:
9. If the path be not straight the direction of motion changes from point to point, and the rate of this change, per unit of length of the curve, is called the Curvature. To exemplify this, suppose
two tangents, PT, QU, drawn to a circle, and radii OP, OQ, to the points of contact.
The angle between the tangents is the U
change of direction between P. and l, and the rate of change is to be measured by the relation between this angle and the length of the circular arc PQ. Now, if a
be the angle, s the arc, and r the radius, we see at once that (as the angle between the radii is equal to the angle between the tangents, and as the ineasure of an angle is the
0 : 1 ratio of the arc to the radius, $ 54) r=s, and therefore
is the measure of the curvature. Hence the curvature of a circle is inversely as its radius, and is measured, in terms of the proper unit of curvature, simply by the reciprocal of the radius.
10. Any small portion of a curve may be approximately taken as a circular arc, the approximation being closer and closer to the truth, as the assumed arc is smaller. The curvature at any point is the reciprocal of the radius of this circle for a small arc on each side of the point.
11. If all the points of the curve lie in one plane, it is called a plane curve, and if it be made up of portions of straight or curved lines it
is called a plane polygon. If the line do not lie in one plane, we have in one case what is called a curve of double curvature, in the other a gauche polygon. The term 'curve of double curvature' is a very bad one, and, though in very general use, is, we hope, not ineradicable. The fact is, that there are not two curvatures, but only a curvature (as above defined) of which the plane is continuously changing, or twisting, round the tangent line. The course of such a curve is, in common language, well called 'tortuous ;' and the mea. sure of the corresponding property is conveniently called Tortuosity.
12. The nature of this will be best understood by considering the curve as a polygon whose sides are, indefinitely small
. Any two consecutive sides, of course, lie in a plane--and in that plane the curvature is measured as above; but in a curve which is not plane the third side of the polygon will not be in the same plane with the first two, and therefore the new plane in which the curvature is to be measured is different from the old one. The plane of the curvature on each side of any point of a tortuous curve is sometimes called the Osculating Plane of the curve at that point. As two successive positions of it contain the second side of the polygon above mentioned, it is evident that the osculating plane passes from one position to the next by revolving about the tangent to the curve.
13. Thus, as we proceed along such a curve, the curvature in general varies; and, at the same time, the plane in which the cur. vature lies is turning about the tangent to the curve. The rate of torsion, or the tortuosity, is therefore to be measured by the rate at which the osculating plane turns about the tangent, per unit length of the curve. The simplest illustration of a tortuous curve is the thread of a screw. Compare $ 41 (d).
14. The Integral Curvature, or whole change of direction, of an arc of a plane curve, is the angle through which the tangent has turned as we pass from one extremity to the other. The average curvature of any portion is its whole curvature divided by its length. Suppose a line, drawn through any fixed point, to turn so as always to be parallel to the direction of motion of a point describing the curve : the angle through which this turns during the motion of the point exhibits what we have defined as the integral curvature. In estimating this, we must of course take the enlarged modern meaning of an angle, including angles greater than two right angles, and also negative angles. Thus the integral curvature of any closed curve or broken line, whether everywhere concave to the interior or not, is four right angles, provided it does not cut itself. That of a Lemniscate, 8, is zero. That of the Epicyloid is eight right angles; and
so on.
15. The definition in last section may evidently be extended to a plane polygon, and the integral change of direction, or the angle between the first and last sides, is then the sum of its exterior angles, all the sides being produced, each in the direction in which the
moving point describes it while passing round the figure. This is true whether the polygon be closed or not. If closed, then, as long as it is not crossed, this sum is four right angles,-an extension of the result in Euclid, where all reëntrant polygons are excluded. In the star-shaped figure $, it is ten right angles, wanting the sum of the five acute angles of the figure; i.e. it is eight right angles.
16. A chain, cord, or fine wire, or a fine fibre, filament, or hair, may suggest, what is not to be found among natural or artificial productions, a perfectly flexible and inextensible line. The elementary kinematics of this subject require no investigation. The mathematical condition to be expressed in any case of it is simply that the distance measured along the line from any one point to any other, remains constant, however the line be bent.
17. The use of a cord in mechanism presents us with many practical applications of this theory, which are in general extremely simple; although curious, and not always very easy, geometrical problems occur in connexion with it. We shall say nothing here about such cases as knots, knitting, weaving, etc., as being exces. sively difficult in their general development, and too simple in the ordinary cases to require explanation.
18. The simplest and most useful applications are to the Pulley and its combinations. In theory a pulley is simply a smooth body
which changes the direction of a flexible and inextensible Pr
cord stretched across part of its surface; in practice (to escape as much as possible of the inevitable friction) it is a wheel, on part of whose circumference the cord is wrapped.
(1) Suppose we have a single pulley B, about which
the flexible and inextensible cord ABP is wrapped, and P. suppose its free portions to be parallel. If (A being fixed) a point P of the cord
iP be moved to P', 'it is evident that each of the portions AB and PB will be shortened by one-half of PP. Hence,
when P moves through any space in B the direction of the cord, the pulley B
moves in the same direction, through
half the space. (2) If there be two cords and two pulleys, the ends AA' being fixed, and the other end of AB being attached to the pulley B'-then, if all free parts of the cord are parallel, when Pis moved to P, B moves in the same direction through half the space, and carries with it one end of the cord AB. Hence B moves through half the space B did, that is, one fourth of PP
Higher to
volates
(3) And so on for any number of pulleys, if they be arranged in the above manner. Similar considerations enable us to determine the relative motions of all parts of other systems of pulleys and cords as long as all the free parts of the cords are parallel.
Of course, if a pulley be faced, the motion of a point of one end of the cord to or from it involves an equal motion of the other end from or to it.
If the strings be not parallel, the relations of a single pulley or of a system of pulleys are a little complex, but present no difficulty.
19. In the mechanical tracing of curves, a flexible and inextensible cord is often supposed. Thus, in drawing an ellipse, the focal property of the curve shows us that if we fix the ends of such a cord to the foci and keep it stretched by a pencil, the pencil will trace the curve.
By a ruler moveable about one focus, and a string attached to a point in the ruler and to the other focus, and kept tight by a pencil sliding along the edge of the ruler, the hyperbolā may be described by the help of its analogous focal property; and so on.
20. But the consideration of evolutes is of some importance in Natural Philosophy, especially in certain mechanical and optical questions, and we shall therefore devote a section or two to this application of Kinematics.
Def. If a flexible and inextensible string be fixed at one point of a plane curve, and stretched along the curve, and be then unwound in the plane of the curve, every point of it will describe an. Involute of the curve. The original curve is called the Evolute of any one of the others.
21. It will be observed that we speak of an involute, and of the evolute, of a curve. In fact, as will be easily seen, a curve can have but one evolute, but it has an infinite number of involutes. For all that we have to do to vary an involute, is to change the point of the curve from which the tracing-point starts, or consider the involutes described by different points of the string; and these will, in general, be different curves. But the following section shows that there is but one evolute.
22. Let AB be any curve, PQ a portion of an involute, pP, positions of the free part of the string. It will be seen at once that these must be tangents to the arc AB at p and q. Also the string at any stage, as pP, ultimately revolves about p. Hence PP is normal (or per
P pendicular to the tangent) to the curve PQ. And thus the evolute of PQ is
B a definite curve, viz. the envelop of (or line which is touched by) the normals drawn at every point of PC or, which is the same thing, the locus of the centres of the circles which have at each point the same tangent and curvature as the curve PQ. And we may merely mention, as an obyious result of the
mode of tracing, that the arc qp is equal to the difference of Q and PP, or that the arc PA is equal to pp. Compare $ 104.
23. The rate of motion of a point, or its rate of change of position, is called its Velocity. It is greater or less as the space passed over in a given time is greater or less : and it may be uniformi, i.e. the same at every instant ; or it may be variable.
Uniform velocity is measured by the space passed over in unit of time, and is, in general, expressed in feet or in metres per second; if very great, as in the case of light, it may be measured in miles per second. It is to be observed that Time is here used in the abstract sense of a-uniformly-increasing quantity-what in the differential cal. culus is called an independent variable. Its physical definition is given in the next chapter.
24. Thus a point, which moves uniformly with velocity v, describes a space of v feet each second, and therefore vt feet in t seconds, t being any number whatever. Putting s for the space described in t seconds, we have
S = vt. Thus with unit velocity a point describes unit of space in 'unit of time.
25. It is well to observe here, that since, by our formula, we have generally
= and since nothing has been said as to the magnitudes of s and t, we may take these as small as we choose. Thus -we get the same result whether we derive v from the space described in a million seconds, or from that described in a millionth of a second. This idea is very useful, as it makes our results intelligible when a variable velocity has to be measured, and we find ourselves obliged to approximate to its value (as in § 28) by considering the space described in an interval so short, that during its lapse the velocity does not sensibly alter in value.
26. When the point does not move uniformly, the velocity is variable, or different at different successive instants: but we define the average velocity during any time as the space described in that time, divided by the time; and, the less the interval is, the more nearly does the average velocity coincide with the actual velocity at any instant of the interval. Or again, we define the exact velocity at any instant as the space which the point would have described in one second, if for such a period it kept its velocity unchanged.
27. That there is at every instant a definite velocity for any moving point, is evident to all, and is matter of everyday conversation. Thus, a railway train, after starting, gradually increases its speed, and every one understands what is meant by saying that at a particular instant it moves at the rate of ten or of fifty miles an hour,—although, in the course of an hour, it may not have moved a mile altogether. We may suppose that, at any instant during the motion, the steam is so adjusted as to keep the train running for some time at a uniform velocity. This is the velocity which the train had at the instant in


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Stingrays Throw Shade in 5-1 Win Over Solar Bears
NORTH CHARLESTON, SC – The South Carolina Stingrays (7-3-1-0) turned off the lights on the Orlando Solar Bears (4-6-1-1) by a final score of 5-1 behind Tyler Wall's 25-save on Saturday night.
Bear Hughes opened the scoring with his seventh tally of the season at the 11:46 mark of the first period. Jonny Evans made a no-look pass to the tape of Hughes who ripped a shot past Jack LaFontaine for the 1-0 lead from the right circle.
While on the penalty kill, Tarek Baker intercepted a pass and led a two-on-one rush into the offensive zone, netting his fourth goal of the year. As the lone defender took the pass away, Baker lifted a shot past LaFontaine to double the Stingrays' lead.
Kevin O'Neil added one of his own with under two minutes remaining in the first period with his seventh marker of the year. Michael Kim kept a clearing attempt in the zone and fed O'Neil who unleashed a one-timer past LaFontaine for the 3-0 Stingrays advantage to close out the opening frame.
The South Carolina power play went to work again late in the second period as Carter Turnbull scored his team-leading 10th goal of the season at the 14:33 mark of the middle stanza. Turnbull cleaned up a rebound from an initial shot from Hughes that expanded the Stingrays' lead to 4-0.
Orlando got one back nearly two and a half minutes later as Michael Brodzinski netted his third goal of the season on the power play. Brodzinski sent a shot on net that beat South Carolina's Wall for their only goal of the contest to close out the second period.
Ryan Scarfo completed the scoring on the Stingrays' third power play goal of the night, expanding the score to a 5-1 lead. Gavin Gould's shot deflected right to the tape of Scarfo who set up on the backdoor and pushed the puck past LaFontaine for his second marker of the season.
Wall stopped 25 of 26 shots for his third win of the year while the power play scored three goals on seven attempts in the contest.
The Stingrays close out their three-game weekend tomorrow, November 20, as the team hosts the Orlando Solar Bears at the North Charleston Coliseum beginning at 3:05 p.m. Fans are encouraged to bring out new and packaged pairs of underwear and socks to throw on the ice after the Stingrays score their first goal on Undie Sunday presented by Gildan.
Season ticket plans are on sale now! For more information or to purchase, contact the Stingrays by phone at 843-744-2248 or submit this form.
Save money with group tickets! For more information or to purchase, contact the Stingrays by phone at 843-744-2248.
For all the latest news and updates, follow the Stingrays on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.
--StingraysHockey.com--
© 2021 South Carolina Stingrays & ECHL. All rights reserved.


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Quarantine hotels to take in 44,000 arrivals a month
05 Feb Quarantine hotels to take in 44,000 arrivals a month
More than 1,400 people a day arriving in Britain from 33 high-risk countries will have to pay £1,000 for 11 days of hotel quarantine.
The government has drawn up plans to quarantine up to 44,000 passengers a month in hotels near ten airports and ports, with private security guards on every floor to stop people leaving their room.
The measure, which was announced last month by Boris Johnson, will not now be implemented until February 15.
A tender document seen by The Times states that the government is attempting to secure hotels close to airports, ferry terminals and the Eurostar at St Pancras in central London.
The government was attempting to secure 28,000 hotel rooms by 5pm this evening. It will pay the estimated £55 million bill up front but will then seek to recoup the cost from travellers, according to The Daily Telegraph.
Although the government's policy is to require people to isolate for ten days, the document states that the day on which they arrive will be treated as "day zero", meaning that they will have to spend 11 days in their room. They will be required to take a coronavirus test on the second and the eighth day of their stay.
The document says that hotels must be open solely for the quarantine policy.
All hotels should provide three meals a day, tea and coffee, fresh fruit and water in rooms, with costs estimated to be between £50 and £80 plus VAT — a total of up to £96 per person a day. It will work out at up to £1,056 for 11 days.
Security staff will help with check-in, carry out patrols and accompany people if they need to go outside.
Hotels will be expected to introduce a one-way system for people entering and leaving, with staff protected by screens. All keycards will have to be disinfected before use, and the hotel must offer a 24-hour reception service. Rooms will have to be cleaned by the guests, who will be asked to leave their laundry outside the door and to make up their own beds with fresh linen.
Rob Paterson, the head of Best Western hotels, said earlier that his company had been "kept in the dark" over the plans for hotel quarantine.
MPs criticised Britain's border policy yesterday, saying that it was still "full of holes" despite new measures.
The cross-party home affairs committee cited figures from the Home Office and Department for Transport that suggested that fewer than one in ten people who were supposed to quarantine at home on arrival into the country had been contacted to ensure that they were complying with the law.
Yvette Cooper, the committee's Labour chairwoman, said there was no clear system for enforcement action to be taken when Public Health England suspected that no one was at home. She also said that people were often contacted for only three days after arriving — rather than for the full duration of the ten-day isolation period.
In a statement, Cooper said: "When there are such grave concerns about the spread of the new South Africa and Brazil variants, it is deeply troubling that the current system is full of so many holes."
Last month the UK introduced a system of compulsory pre-travel coronavirus tests for anyone seeking to enter the country. Quarantine-free "travel corridors" were also suspended.
In addition the government has banned foreign citizens from entering the UK from 33 countries, including all those in South America, southern Africa and Portugal.
By law all other arrivals are required to quarantine at a named address, usually their home, for ten days, with the threat of £1,000 fines for failing to comply.
It sounds so easy, doesn't it? Anyone who arrives in the UK from a high-risk country is forced to quarantine in a hotel rather than at home.
The policy forms part of tough measures designed to prevent mutant strains of coronavirus — particularly those from Brazil and South Africa — spreading unchecked in the UK.
The logistics, however, are proving to be challenging. So where are the problems?
There are questions over liability. Major hotels, starved of guests during the crisis, are keen to sign up but must be insured in the event of an outbreak forcing their closure. Average premiums could be about £10,000 per hotel and the question of who pays is yet to be resolved.
Security is needed at the hotels. Who pays and what level of force can be used, for example, on a guest trying to escape?
The questions keep coming. How will travellers be transported to the hotel? Will they be able to open the windows? Or change their own linen? How thoroughly will each room be decontaminated between stays? All guests will presumably need three meals a day delivered directly to their door but not all hotels are geared up for room service on this scale.
Ministers are strongly resisting pressure from Labour and the SNP to expand the policy to everyone arriving in the UK — potentially 10,000 to 25,000 people a day. Given the logistics, it's not hard to see why.


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Julian Bond on Loving v. Virginia and why Prop 8 must not stand
By Adam Bink
Writing in USA Today's op-ed pages, the often brilliantly oratorical Julian Bond makes a case for why Prop 8 and inequality must fall on the 40th anniversary of Loving v. Virginia:
In the Loving case, a unanimous court held that marriage is "one of the basic civil rights of man…fundamental to our very existence and survival." The court also held that "under our Constitution, the freedom to marry, or not to marry, a person of another race resides with the individual, and cannot be infringed by the State."
The Loving decision, which was a watershed moment in the civil rights movement, has deep implications today for gay and lesbian couples who want that essential freedom: to marry.
My wife, Pamela Horowitz, and I were married in Virginia in 1990. Prior to the Loving decision, we could have been sentenced to time in prison for that loving act — committed in the state that likes to claim it "is for lovers."
Of course, prior to the Loving decision, the parents of the current president of the United States would have been committing a felony had they lived in Virginia.
Today, we look at anti-miscegenation laws as a stain on our history and an affront to our beliefs as Americans. In this country, we do not create separate classes of Americans based upon inherent characteristics. Sexual orientation is immutable and unchangeable. It is as much a part of our DNA as our race.
Because I have spent my life fighting to make ours a more just society for all Americans, I'm a supporter of marriage equality. I believe this to be a fight for civil rights.
Fourteen times, the U.S. Supreme Court has said that marriage is a fundamental human right. In Loving v. Virginia, the justices guaranteed that right could not be taken away because of the way we're born. Yet that's exactly what happened when California passed Proposition 8, which declared marriage valid only when between a man and a woman.
Last summer, after a lengthy trial, a federal court declared Prop 8 to be unconstitutional, saying that this discriminatory law does nothing more than enshrine in the California Constitution "the notion that opposite-sex couples are superior to same-sex couples." Almost a year later, the case is on appeal, Prop. 8 still remains on the books, and a motion to throw out the case on blatantly homophobic grounds will be heard in federal district court on Monday.
Prop 8 continues to label some Americans as second class. It denies those Americans the fundamental rights afforded their fellow citizens. Like the anti-miscegenation statutes struck down 44 years ago, Prop 8 serves no purpose but to permit one group of Americans to degrade another.
Mildred Loving passed away in 2008, but on the 40th anniversary of the Loving v. Virginia decision, she reflected on the impact of her case.
"I am proud that Richard's and my name is on a court case that can help reinforce the love, the commitment, the fairness, and the family that so many people, black or white, young or old, gay or straight, seek in life. I support the freedom to marry for all."
As Mildred Loving said four years ago, "That's what Loving, and loving, are all about."
And that is why Proposition 8 must not stand.
Olson, Boies not appearing in court on Monday;... Fighting LGBT bullying in schools, with an assist
1044770 Commentshttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.equalityontrial.com%2F2011%2F06%2F11%2Fjulian-bond-on-loving-v-virginia-and-why-prop-8-must-not-stand%2FJulian+Bond+on+Loving+v.+Virginia+and+why+Prop+8+must+not+stand2011-06-11+20%3A00%3A15Adam+Binkhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.prop8trialtracker.com%2F%3Fp%3D10447
1. Ann S. | June 11, 2011 at 1:16 pm
2. Kathleen | June 11, 2011 at 5:06 pm
Another futile attempt to subscribe
3. Bob | June 11, 2011 at 1:55 pm
Loving v Virginia is a perfect case to legally support marriage as man and woman. Look at what was said:
"In the Loving case, a unanimous court held that marriage is "one of the basic civil rights of man…fundamental to our very existence and survival.'"
Marriage is a basic civil right because it perpetuates the species.
With the population of the planet straining all of its resources, under-population is what you are worried about? Surely you jest.
You can try to deflect all you want but it does not change anything. What difference does it make if we are overpopulated or not? Is that a reason that will be used to argue for SSM?
6. Steve | June 11, 2011 at 2:26 pm
No court has ever tied marriage to procreation. On the contrary. It's why even prison inmates with life sentences have a constitutional right to marry, even when the marriage can never be consummated. There are several other similar decisions.
No one is talking about any ONE individual marriage but they institution itself.
Choose to be ignorant or face the truth… your choice!
There is no such thing as "the institution of marriage". No one but NOM and their ilk ever used that term. Marriage is nothing but a legal construct. One that has changed countless times over the last few centuries.
9. Joe | June 11, 2011 at 7:05 pm
Sure there is. The Supreme Court said so in Lawrence v. Texas:
"Texas cannot assert any legitimate state interest here, such as national security or preserving the traditional institution of marriage."
10. Joe | June 11, 2011 at 7:07 pm
And further:
"Unlike the moral disapproval of same-sex relations–the asserted state interest in this case–other reasons exist to promote the institution of marriage beyond mere moral disapproval of an excluded group."
Sure they did. SCOTUS in Skinner v. Oklahoma:
"Marriage and procreation are fundamental to the very existence and survival of the race."
12. JonT | June 11, 2011 at 8:20 pm
1942. This is 2011.
Marriage by any definition, institution or not, is not a requirement for procreation.
You deny this? Seriously?
13. Joe | June 12, 2011 at 2:49 am
Okay, and what about that statement by the US Supreme Court in 1942 has made it any less true today than it was in 1942?
Really? I have to spell out the obvious fact that marriage is not a requirement for procreation?
In 1942, having a child out of wedlock would be unthinkable in polite society. So it is not in the least bit surprising the sentence is framed that way.
Are you seriously suggesting that it is not possible to procreate unless you are married?
You do know how procreation works don't you?
Why dont you answer the question?
What about that statement is any less true than it was in 1942?
If you are like me, and teach your children that sex is reserved for marriage, then the two go hand in hand, marriage and procreation.
Why don't you answer the question?
See how easy that is? You won't answer it, because you can't. You already know that marriage has nothing to do with procreation.
Dance around it all you want, the facts are the facts: Having a baby does not require that you get married, regardless of what you teach to whom. End of story, end of discussion.
Well then you are sadly misinformed.
Marriage takes place when the sperm fertilizes the egg. So yes, having a baby DOES require marriage, of the man and the woman, that make the baby.
As I said, the two go hand in hand, marriage and procreation.
18. Kate | June 12, 2011 at 4:09 pm
CONCEPTION, not marriage, takes place when the sperm fertilizes the egg. Did you skip biology class? Now I finally understand why you sound so….. uneducated and very, very young.
19. Carol | June 11, 2011 at 2:43 pm
How do you know the court was speaking of procreation? To survive, people need to be happy. If you don't know that people often procreate without marriage, you haven't been getting out enough.
'Marriage is a basic civil right because it perpetuates the species. '
You can keep repeating this fallacy all you want, but it doesn't change the facts:
1. Marriage is not required to have children.
2. Having children does not require that you have to get married.
3. Getting married, does not require that you produce children.
So, the 2 concepts – marriage and procreation, have nothing to do with each other. These are the facts.
Marriage doesn't cause pregnancy; heterosexual intercourse does. Duh.
22. Bob | June 11, 2011 at 3:28 pm
You will see how this plays out in the courts. Choose to believe me or not, it won't change the outcome one bit nor will I lose any sleep over it.
Your bias has blinded you!
'You will see how this plays out in the courts.'
I already have Bob… 🙂
What you fail to realize is that this issue does not rest with Prop 8, DOMA or any of the state courts rulings. SCOTUS will ultimately decide this issue with the next decade and they will uphold marriage as one man and one women.
If you are basing your happiness on any small hollow victories that may come in state courts or with DADT and assume SSM will be a reality then you will be sorely disappointed.
Enjoy your expanded civil unions when they come and be happy!
'SCOTUS will ultimately decide this issue with the next decade and they will uphold marriage as one man and one women. '
You say that with such certitude. I suspect that it is your bias that is blinding you.
Me? I'll just see what happens.
'Enjoy your expanded civil unions when they come and be happy!'
I'll enjoy my marriage rights, when they come, and be happy. But thanks for your support!
I agree,,,,, I was born equal, I am equal,, that's the way I was created,,,, my equality is not dependant on you the courts or anyone else,,, it is a simple truth which is accepted at the core of my being,,,, many have misguided notions that they somehow have an impact or control over my equality,,,, that is an simple error of judgement on their part,,,,, which they will come to accept ,,,,,, and truly realize no action on their part can void my status and equality as a human sharing this planet,,,,,, it is only a matter of tiime before they realize the shame of their feelings of superiority,,,,,,,
ah rathe me thinks for you Bob we'll see how this pllays out in the churches,,,,,, wonder in which church you presently rattle the pew,,,,,,
Sigh! I guess self-deception, bigotry and wishful thinking rule the day here. Oh well!
I will be moving on but my words will ring true whether i am around or not. Never say you never got a heads up when reality hits.
now we'll see if you are a man of your word,,,,,, bye bye,,, don't let the door hit you on the way out,,,,,,
Back at you evil-Bob. 🙂
31. Nicole | June 12, 2011 at 6:05 am
I'm not sure how anyone could come to these conclusions without having rationalized to themselves a few things first.
A) Why is population growth such a massive priority that we should ration who gets married? While we're at it, since when was marriage such a key to perpetuating the species anyway? Folks can have kids without getting married.
B) To give you the benefit of the doubt, I can only assume you're trying to say that kids to better in a household where both their parents are married. If we're going to accept this then, then we might as well keep people who make below the poverty line from getting married, because after all, kids do better when they're more economically advantaged.
C) Now having made it this far, we now have to prove exactly how giving marriage to all those 'undesirables in society' somehow compromises straight couple's ability to procreate. All these questions were asked during trial. The defense gave a comprehensive "Well, actually we dunno" every time.
The procreation argument is an obvious piss poor excuse to attack someone. Somehow you single out gays and lesbians among the many people who don't procreate who wish to marry. Where's the outrage over older couples marrying – or the blatant insult to the institution made by folks who want to get married but have no intention of having children? It just goes on and on and on.
All these sudden 'facts' about marriage are completely artificial. They're used as a device of convenience when one is trying to make a case against a particular group. It's irrational, it isn't very thought out, and it's very easy to argue against actually.
32. Joe | June 12, 2011 at 12:45 pm
"While we're at it, since when was marriage such a key to perpetuating the species anyway? Folks can have kids without getting married. "
Youre exactly right, and you prove the point. Given that folks can have children without getting married, what is irrational about encouraging folks to have children within marriage, as opposed to outside of marriage?
And, given that only a man and a woman as a biological couple can make a child, as opposed to a man/man or woman/woman non biological couple, what is irrational about limiting marriage to the only pairing that can perpetuate the species, a man and a woman?
33. Nicole | June 12, 2011 at 3:28 pm
"And, given that only a man and a woman as a biological couple can make a child, as opposed to a man/man or woman/woman non biological couple, what is irrational about limiting marriage to the only pairing that can perpetuate the species, a man and a woman?"
If I'm even to refrain from the obvious point that child rearing has never been a prerequisite for marriage in this country (that is of course until coincidentally gays and lesbians started fighting for marriage rights), I'll have to say this: Only a man and a woman can biologically produce a child, yes. That doesn't mean that somehow by the same token only children are raised by their biological parents. There are heterosexual couples who cannot biologically produce children who are allowed to have children. More importantly, they are allowed to adopt as well. Going by your logic, it's also rational that we bar those parents from marriage.
The bottom line that you're missing comes from the fact that your "Biological parents only" standard extends to so many different couples in addition to gays and lesbians. Children who aren't raised by biological parents are alienated from the government. What makes it worse is that if kids who are raised by non-biological parents are so bad off, you'd THINK it'd be even more essential that the financial backbone marriage offers should be awarded to them.
What makes you seem irrational isn't even the standard itself so much as the fact that you only want to apply this standard to a specific group. It gives me the impression that you don't even believe the "Marriage is only about procreation" garbage that's coming out of your mouth. You just need a reason to justify attacking a demographic of people that has done nothing to you. Hope you learned something about yourself, Joe.
"There are heterosexual couples who cannot biologically produce children who are allowed to have children"
Should be "allowed to get married"
"child rearing has never been a prerequisite for marriage in this country"
Nor could it be, because a woman/man could become sterile due to illness after marriage.
"Going by your logic, it's also rational that we bar those parents from marriage."
I didnt say that we should bar all men and women from marriage. I said that since only a man and a woman can make a child, then what is irrational about limiting marriage to a man and a woman?
"What makes it worse is that if kids who are raised by non-biological parents are so bad off, you'd THINK it'd be even more essential that the financial backbone marriage offers should be awarded to them. "
Apparently you dont know about "head of household" status. A person who adopts, or is divorced with children, is accorded "head of household" status by the government. That applies to both heterosexual and homosexual folks. So the "financial backbone" is already there.
http://taxes.about.com/od/filingstatus/qt/headofh…
"I didnt say that we should bar all men and women from marriage."
Christ, you're not HEARING me, Joe. The fact that you're NOT saying this was virtually the whole point I was trying to get across. Not every heterosexual couple on the planet is capable of reproducing. If it's rational to prohibit gays and lesbians from marriage because they don't naturally procreate, then why is it suddenly irrational to keep infertile heterosexuals from marrying for the same damn reason?
"Apparently you dont know about "head of household" status. A person who adopts, or is divorced with children, is accorded "head of household" status by the government. That applies to both heterosexual and homosexual folks. So the "financial backbone" is already there. "
Are you kidding me? No seriously, is that your argument for real? Wow, okay, let me start with this: If we have all those financial benefits then I guess you wouldn't mind we just get rid of that pesky Defense of Marriage Act. It's not like the whole point and purpose of this legislation was to prohibit nearly 1,138 federal benefits like Joint tax filing, income tax deductions, Tax free transfer of property, immigrant sponsorship, family visitation rights, survivor benefits, spousal privilege in court cases, and etc. Watch out folks, I got "head of household" status!
Even if we did have those 1,138 benefits, the bottom line is still a government treating gays and lesbians like second class citizens. I'm an American citizen and my life has no less value than anyone else's. I'm not a second rate person, and I refuse to let the government see me as a second rate citizen. It's actually very simple. I'm constantly amazed by how many people just don't GET that.
Also Julian better go back to school! He wrote: "Sexual orientation is immutable and unchangeable. It is as much a part of our DNA as our race."
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1286209/…
38. Steve | June 11, 2011 at 2:29 pm
No one here takes you seriously. If you don't want to continue that don't quote wingnut sites like Free Republic or WND. They aren't a credible source anywhere in this universe
If you believe that I care one bit if anyone here takes me seriously then you are sadly mistaken.
I cant help it if you don't like truth and reality! But truth and reality will make itself known and marriage will ultimately be upheld as one man and one woman.
So proceed in ignorance and false expectations but if I were you I'd take a long hard look at the reality of the situation, accept expanded civil unions when they come and be happy!
of course American Bob is talking not only about his delusional little church community,, but the State it is in as well,,, while ignoring, the TRUTH and the reality that marriage equality is already a FACT in many educated, accepting,, loving ,, places all around the globe
what are you saying Bob,,,, we're ignorant, and you hold the truth,,, if that is so,,, and you don't give a flip if anyone here takes you seriously,,,, well,,,,,, I don't think you get points for spending so much time not caring,,,,,,, TRY CARING
41. davep | June 11, 2011 at 4:19 pm
I understand that we need to differentiate between you two Bobs, but instead of calling you guys Canadian Bob and American Bob, how about if we call you guys Canadian Bob and UN-American Bob? It's more accurate and I kinda resent having him included in the same group as us actual patriotic Americans who understand and strive for the concepts enshrined in the US Constitution and the Bill of Rights.
That's why I've been calling him evil-Bob — like the evil-Spock in the star trek mirror universe. Who knows, he might even be twirling his goatee when he posts… 🙂
43. David Henderson | June 13, 2011 at 12:24 am
To go off on a geeky tangent, the Spock in the mirror universe was not evil; he may have been the only "good" one on the ship. According to DS9, he tried to reform his society and improve it. Unfortunately, he was not as successful as he would have liked.
44. Ann S. | June 11, 2011 at 3:00 pm
I guess you're saying you could turn gay if you chose? When did you choose to be straight?
Yes I can choose the choices I make and my behavior!
then make another choice about your belief,,,,, and choose another behavior,,,, try love and acceptance vs bigotry and hatred go ahead, it's just a choice
Ah there we go! Cry bigotry or homophobia when you don;t liek what said!
Continue you self-sabotage.
BTW you might want to try and build bridges not alienate anyone who disagrees with you. You actually make the other side stronger when you do that.
Self delusion is a wonderful thing isn't it evil-bob?
You'll see the light one day. After all you do appear to support civil unions, so your full support of marriage equality can't be too far off.
So please enlighten us. Tell us about the day you woke up and decided to be straight ?
50. lsfoster | June 13, 2011 at 8:48 am
Bob, I have to point out two things. First of all, there does not need to be a single gene that "makes" people gay for homosexuality to be innate and immutable. In fact, most people who know anything about genetics would understand that this idea is kind of ridiculous. Do you know that there isn't a single known gene that causes autism? Yet I sincerely doubt that you would go out and chastise any autistic person for making that "choice". The article that you link here is misleading in so many ways, but the worst is that it rests entirely on the assumption that there will be one single lone gene found to "cause" homosexuality, and that without this gene, homosexuality is confirmed to be a choice. It's simply untrue.
The other thing that I find frustrating is the same mistake that you make in another comment, saying that you could choose to be gay because you can choose your actions. In the article, they claim that genetics hasn't been found to be responsible for behaviors. This essentially equates homosexuality as a characteristic with homosexual activity, which is, again, just false. Of course you could choose to engage in homosexual activity. That wouldn't make you gay. If you really think you could choose to make yourself only sexually attracted to men and not women, then that's a different issue, but I'm pretty sure that's not what you're claiming.
51. Sagesse | June 11, 2011 at 4:02 pm
Looking for the 'ignore' button…. fortunately, I can ignore anyway. It's a nice weekend, non-Canadian Bob. Why don't you go outside and play in the heavy traffic.
the bridges have already been constructed,,,, many have already crossed,,,, we are moving forward with building a brighter future,,,,,, you're welcome to join us, at any time,,,,
Hey Bob – just take a moment and compare your recent comments on this web site to the quote from Mildred Loving at the end of the article. We'll wait.
You can post all of your NOM-ish double talk about 'choice' and 'protecting marriage' and 'don't call me a bigot' and it won't do a thing to hide your true motives or somehow 'win' some kind of argument. It can't. No matter what you say, there is STILL no rational basis for denying equal marriage rights to loving same sex couples. The only real motive for opposition is fear and bigotry and ignorance.
When your comments are compared to comments like this one from Mrs. Loving the difference between the two of you speaks volumes. You are on the wrong side of history. Your beliefs and actions go against basic concepts of fairness, justice, human decency,and a whole list of principles found in the US Constitution and the Bill of Rights. Open your eyes and take a good look at yourself. You don't have to be like this. THAT is a real choice.
Obama Extends Medicaid Protections To Gay, Lesbian Couples
http://www.ontopmag.com/article.aspx?id=8630&…
55. Kathlene | June 11, 2011 at 5:10 pm
Sigh! I guess self-deception, bigotry and wishful thinking rule the day here. Oh well! I will be moving on but my words will ring true whether i am around or not. Never say you never got a heads up when reality hits.
Lmao the bigot is calling us bigots? It's like dividing by zero.
In Minnesota
Next week: Activity surrounding gay marriage amendment
http://www.startribune.com/politics/statelocal/12…
And further debate
Minnesota Bishop John Nienstedt Endorses Gay Marriage Ban Amendment; Denies It's Anti-Gay
And for an opposing (and scientific) view
Same-sex couples can be effective parents, researchers find
http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2010-01-21-pa…
Gay couples watch Albany marriage debate, feel accepted by public, but not state
http://www.lohud.com/article/20110611/NEWS01/1061…
Third Poll Confirms Majority Of New Yorkers Support Gay Marriage
I really hope that will actually translate into a majority NY Senate vote in favor…
Somehow I'm… concerned it won't.
61. Ronnie | June 11, 2011 at 8:50 pm
On Tuesday at 10pm on PBS, the Independent Lens season will wrap up with "Two Spirits". "Two-spirited" is used in Native American tradition to describe someone who has both a male spirit and a female spirit. They were once revered by the tribe until religious based bigotry & inhuman selfish heterosexist superiority blighted this land.
The documentary speaks of Fred Martinez, a Navajo boy who identified as gay & nádleehí. "Nádleehí" is a male person with a feminine nature, which was considered a special gift according to his ancestral culture. In 2001 Fred was brutally murdered at the age of 16 for being who he is. http://twospirits.org/
Here is the trailer……<3…Ronnie:
[youtube BUmYXI7k4y8&feature=player_embedded http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BUmYXI7k4y8&feature=player_embedded youtube]
62. Kathlene | June 12, 2011 at 12:09 pm
Because America was drastically different in 1942. A LOT has changed since then. It's like trying to use a Commodore 64 manual to repair an iMac.
63. Jeff Tabaco | June 12, 2011 at 2:35 pm
That's me and my partner, Thom, in the photo that accompanies Julian Bond's USA Today op-ed. That wire photo sure gets around! 🙂
64. truthspew | June 12, 2011 at 4:06 pm
Someone posted a photo from the National Equality March in DC in 2009 of the interracial couple that had signs supporting our cause. I went up and thanked them, gave them big hugs.
It is about human rights, not race, not sexual orientation but human.
Because as you will note, a marriage can take place, but the zygote never implants and the female thus does not conceive.
Marriage is a contract, an act of law. It has nothing to do with fertilization OR conception. You are correct that fertilization can take place without implantation, however, and that therefore there is no conception. It surprises me that you know that while believing the silliness that "marriage" is what happens when sperm and egg meet. That's as strange as what someone I knew used to say — that eating ice causes pregnancy. Perhaps you are related. I applaud you for believing something that is even more ridiculous than that; I never thought that could be topped. You're due a prize for something. I'm just not sure what. I never dreamed I'd hear anyone say something even more biologically-ignorant than the ice comment, but you've managed to do so. Maybe you believe in storks bringing the babies, too.
67. Bill S. | June 13, 2011 at 5:52 am
Marriage does not perpetuate the species, heterosexual sex, when performed between two fertile people at the right time, does. Marriage or no marriage, people will be reproducing, and should current trends continue, reproduce at a rate that will hinder the human race, not sustain it.
Marriage creates a stable legal structure whereby two people can be recognized by the law as related, and provides useful (and in some instances necessary) legal tools for families whether this family contains biological children, adopted children, or no children.
68. Maggie4NoH8 | June 13, 2011 at 9:31 am
Thank you Bill!
Bob/NOMbies – did you read this??????
69. pubwee | June 13, 2011 at 6:20 pm
BTW, I love your International Harvester logo!
70. Doug Miller | June 13, 2011 at 12:20 pm
It is interesting to note that all knew the judge was gay. If it were an issue, it should have been brought up at the beginning of the trial and NOT after it is over. This seems desperate


New hard-coated filters from Andover - SolarChat!
ANDOVER CORPORATION'S Hard-Coated Narrowband Optical Filters are designed to perform at the highest level for the most demanding applications. Boasting peak transmission as high as 98%, these filters feature excellent throughput while providing dense out-of-band blocking. Available in wavelengths from 334nm to 1550nm, including all major laser and atomic absorption lines. All filters are mounted in black-anodized aluminum rings to provide protection and easy identification.
These ~ 21 mm clear diameter filters are housed in a 25 mm anodized filter cell, and are stated to be "suitable for high temperature applications" (up to 200 C) since they do not use absorbing substrates. Most are OD 4 blocked from 300 to 1200 nm, with a bandpass of 10 nm. The only down side is that they are listed as having a flatness of 3-5 waves, which means they must be located fairly close to focus so as to not introduce optical aberrations. Nonetheless, they would appear to be very suitable for ERF/blocking filter components at the near-the-focal-plane location.
They have specific filters for CaK @ 394 nm and H alpha @ 656 nm. Both are $180 USD.
Last edited by Bob Yoesle on Tue Jan 24, 2017 7:12 pm, edited 2 times in total.
I am interested to see if they can make a bf10 blocking filter that I can swap the bf5 out of my PST. I e-mailed them. I asked them if they ever did a PST mod. like this before. I would prefer not to buy the bf10 blocking filter/diagonal at $500,so we'll see.
Thanks,Bob,for your reply. I have a new PST DS and wanted to somehow replace the blocking filter,not the ITF, to get more space around the suns image visually, and not have to buy the Coronado bf10 for $500. Just trolling the waters to see if this can be done less expensively.
Andover makes the BF for Daystar Quark (656FS02-12.5), it is 12.5mm diameter and cost $157 for one piece. I have replaced it with a 25mm diameter one (656FS02-25) and use it with TV 4xPowerMate to DS the LUNT50 etalon with Quark. The specification of the filter is 656.3nm Bandpass Filter, FWHM 1nm, 12.5mm dia.
Sorry I forget to mention that they have also a 50mm version of this filter. It is more expensive $424, but for this size it is a steel in comparison to much smaller Coronado BFs. I am using the 25mm version (replacing the 5mm PST BF) with PST too with great results, especially with Lunt50HaF mounted on the front of the PST.
I am very interested in replacing the 5mm PST BF with either the 12.5mm or 25mm from Andover as well! I have the newer PST purchased 3months ago,but want to go the same route you did. Do you have the newer PST that is glued and was it any trouble getting it unscrewed from the ITF filter housing? How do you get the 5mm BF out of the housing and how /where does the 12.5 or 25 mm install? Is there a chance of breakage? Please help.
Replacing the 5mm PST filter would require some major surgery to the eyepiece holder - to redrill the BF filter area to accept the larger filter.
I question the benefit of this change over in the basic PST.
I bought my PST recently (last week)too and it wasn't difficult to unscrew the filter assembly from the aluminum block. Also the ITF and BF barrel came apart relatively easily unscrewing by hand. I needed the "BOA constructor" tool only to unscrew the PST etalon from the prism block, but this will be a next step of my modification when the PST adapter arrive. I am using the 25mm diameter Andover filter and it comes in an aluminum protecting ring. I've added few layers of Scotch Aluminum tape to get the same diameter as the original Lumicon 1.25" filter was in its original barrel. Placed the Andover filter into the Lumicon filter barrel, secured with the retaining ring and mounted to a 1.25" nose-piece of my 9mm wide angle eyepiece . I've replaced the BF barrel with an 1.25"eyepiece holder from an old Celestron 1.25" diagonal which had the same thread as the BF barrel. This way I didn't modify the original PST 5mm BF and its holder.
Thanks to Merlin66 and Frank for your input!
It doesn't work, the 10A FWHM is too large for the finesse of an air spaced etalon. Tried it, you see faint proms and that's it.
There is no cheap alternative to the BF of Coronado and Lunt. I looked for a long time, I have contact being in optics, and no, no way.
Looking for professional reports about telescopes ?


text:
package org.fusesource.amqp;

/**
 * @author Hiram Chirino
 */
public class AMQPException extends Exception {

    public AMQPException() {
    }

    public AMQPException(Throwable cause) {
        super(cause);
    }

    public AMQPException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }

    public AMQPException(String message, Throwable cause) {
        super(message, cause);
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Summit Air's Let L-410 '9N-AMP' getting ready for commercial operation
Summit Air conducted the ritual protocol for its newly arrived LET-410 today at the east helipad section of Tribhuvan International Airport. The LET-410 registered as '9N-AMP' is expected to initiate its commercial operation from 11th of November. The ceremony was performed under the presence of Summit Air's managing director.
The aircraft had arrived Tribhuvan International Airport with registration 'ZS-ZAA'. It will be operated with the same plain white livery along with the company's logo implanted.
Summit Air's Managing Director performing ritual procedures at Tribhuvan International Airport
Let-410 is equipped with the latest Avionics (EGPWS, TCAS, Weather Radar and Auto Pilot). This would be the first aircraft in Nepal in its category with air conditioning facility.
With this addition, Summit air is planning to connect Pokhara with Jomsom. Marketing Director at Summit Air Manjani Shrestha Dangol said, "At present we are only operating flights to our regular destination airport and will commence flight to Jomsom by spring of this year."
Summit Air after this addition owns four L410 UVPE-20 Aircraft in its fleet. But the aircraft, in general, is the fifth LET aircraft owned by the airline. Previously, Goma Air lost one (9N-AKY'-MSN 2917) in a catastrophic crash at Lukla Airport on 27 May this year.
At present, Summit Air operates schedule and charter flights to Surkhet, Nepalgunj, Lukla, Phalpu, Rumjatar, Tumlingtar, Pokhara, Simikot, Jumla, Taplejung and Bajura. It also conducts charter and cargo flights to Juphal Airport, Dolpa.
Biju Shrestha
An Aviation Enthusiast
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CAAN to break down into two government bodies
CAAN to break down into two government bodies November 15, 2016 – Kathmandu Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal…
TIA runway renovation nearing completion; to resume 21 hours operation daily
Runway renovation process of country's sole international airport Tribhuvan International Airport (TIA) is nearing completion. The renovation work…
First fatal aircraft crash after European Union ban on 2017
First fatal aircraft crash after European Union ban on 2017 MAY 28, 2017-KATHMANDU All the airline operators of…
Japan and Korea delays flight approval for Nepal Airlines Corporation
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Yearly Loss Of 31 Crore NRS From Chinese Aircraft
Yearly Loss Of 31 Crore NRS From Chinese Aircraft Nepal Airlines Corporation (NAC) has informed that it has…


text:
Q: What verb goes with "combined temperature"? I came across the following two sentences in a reputable daily:

*

*The combined land and ocean temperature for the first six months of 2010 are 57.5 degrees Fahrenheit (14.2 degrees Celsius), which is 1.2F (0.68C) above the 20th century average for the January to June period.

*In June the combined land and ocean temperature was 61.1F (16.2C), which is 1.2F (0.68C) above the 20th century average of 59.9F (15.5C).
Although the subjects in both the sentences are the same, different verbs are used - in the first sentence, the plural verb 'are' is used whereas in the second sentence, the singular verb 'was' is used.
Which verb is appropriate?
Can anyone shed some light on it?

A: The first sentence is incorrect. "Temperature" is singular so a singular form of the verb is necessary.
If it's in the past, use "was". The first sentence should use "was".
If it's in the present, use "is".
In reference to a prediction in the future: "The combined temperature is expected to be XYZ degrees Celsius".

A: Because the land and ocean temperatures are combined, they are a singular number. Just like with groups of things:

The council has decided.

instead of

The council have decided.

because though the council has more than one person, the council composed of those people is singular.

A: Its the same verb, they are different forms of the verb 'to be'.
'are' is the plural present
'was' is the singular past.
The verb 'to be' is well-known to be highly irregular and hence your confusion is not surprising.