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Not simply 'pro-birth': How the Church cares for life at all stages
As Coloradoans prepare to vote to end late-term abortion in the state on Nov. 3, claims of the Catholic Church only being "pro-birth" and not actually pro-life are beginning to crop up.
However, by looking at the history of the largest charitable organization in the world, and in heeding the biblical call to love our neighbors, the Church has always shown the utmost care for life beyond only the unborn.
From the beginning, the Christian principles of charity brought a novelty to the world. They were inspired by Christ's own call to see in him the hungry, the naked, the stranger, the sick and the imprisoned (Mt 25:34-40). For this reason, from its very foundation, the Church has cared for the bodily and spiritual wellbeing of all people.
This brief overview will only provide a glimpse of some the Church's work throughout the centuries, but may it serve as a testament that it has cared for and continues to care for people, not only before birth and at the time of death, but in all stages in life.
Abandoned children & orphans
From the beginning, the Church has cared for children and orphans. A clear example comes from St. Ignatius of Antioch's letter to the Smyrnaeans (ca. 110), in which he criticizes the pagans, who "have no regard for love; no care for the widow, or the orphan, or the oppressed." The ancient document of the Apostolic Constitutions also states the obligation to care for orphans and gives direction as to how to do so.
Early Christian hospitals did not only care for the sick, but also for people experiencing various hardships, including poor children and orphans. In the Church's care for orphans throughout the ages, there are prominent figures such as St. Vincent de Paul in the 17th century, who tirelessly served orphans, abandoned children and children of poor families. In union with the religious order of the Daughters of Charity, he provided for no less than 1000 orphans in times of war.
Today: Although orphanages have been replaced by foster care in the United States, the Church still provides help for pregnant mothers, mothers who choose adoption over abortion, parents who wish to adopt, parents who have already adopted and also for adopted children. The Archdiocese of Denver's Catholic Charities offers all of these opportunities along with professional medical and housing services specifically for women and children, and low-income housing to families in need.
Education of children
The first Christian school was the catechetical school of Alexandria, in which converts were taught the liberal arts. The first Christians also stressed the importance of the education of children. This task was carried out at home and especially under the direction of Christian mothers, a model that proved to be fruitful in early Christianity and brought about great saints and scholars – for example, St. Macrina, who exerted great influence on her grandchildren's formation: St. Basil and St. Gregory of Nyssa, the Cappadocian brothers.
By the fourth century, we hear from St. John Chrysostom that the decline in fervor of the family started deeming homes unfavorable for a proper religious and moral education, which eventually made Benedictine monasteries the educational centers for children in the West. In the Medieval period, "cathedral schools" came into the picture, offering a liberal arts education.
In the United States, the Catholic education system grew from humble beginnings. The first schools were founded in the 17th century by Spanish colonies and also by the first Catholic colonists established in Maryland. After various failed attempts to build an education system with non-Catholic fellow citizens, American bishops opted for parochial schools, in which religious sisters played a key role.
Today: The mission of the Catholic Church to provide a solid Catholic education through the lens of faith is still present in our day. The Archdiocese of Denver's Catholic Schools make up the largest, private school system in Colorado with over 10,000 students and has the aim of making disciples of Christ and members of society capable of contributing to the common good.
A Christian society gave rise to universities as we know them during the 11th and 12th centuries. Nothing like it had existed before, not even in Greece or Rome, with its faculties, courses, examinations and the distinction between the graduate and undergraduate degrees. Some of the first were the universities of Paris, Bologna and Oxford, which began as cathedral schools or informal gatherings between masters and students.
The pope was important in the Church's promotion of universities. An accepted view of the time indicated that a university could only award degrees that were approved by the pope, king or emperor. Since the pope possessed authority over all of Christendom, the papal charter was the highest honor and it allowed people with master's degrees to teach anywhere in the world. The pope conferred this privilege on universities such as Bologna, Oxford and Paris.
These universities were places of great logical dispute and argument, and not places of superstition and repression, as many people think today. Many scholars agree that this rich intellectual inquiry laid the foundation for the subsequent progress of the natural sciences, "a gift that may never be acknowledged."
Today: Catholic universities still abound today. There are around 1,500 Catholic universities and higher education institutions around the world.
Since Apostolic times, the Church has cared for the poor by the command and example of Christ himself. The early Christian communities organized collections for impoverished members of their own communities, other Christian communities and eventually for non-Christians (1 Cor 16; Gal 2:10). This distinguished the Christians more than anything else.
After the time of Constantine, bishops ran hostels for the poor, where meals and sometimes shelter were given. But the demand became so great that the Church founded something completely new: hospitals, in which caring for the poor was also a priority. By the end of the sixth century, hospitals and poorhouses had spread throughout the whole territory of the Church.
The Middle Ages saw a rise in guilds, corporations and confraternities dedicated to the service of the poor and the needy. Also, new religious congregations began to take special care of the poor, such as the mendicant orders, especially the Franciscans, after the 13th century. Later history would witness other great saints who heroically, intelligently and efficiently tended to the poor, such as St. Charles Borromeo and St. Vincent de Paul.
Today: The Church still has numerous religious congregations and non-profit organizations that tent to the poor and needy. In the Archdiocese of Denver alone, organizations such as Catholic Charities and Christ in the City unceasingly work to care for the poor at the personal level. Caritas provides aid to millions of people in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, the Middle East and Oceania, making the Catholic Church the largest charitable organization in the world.
The ill
St. Elizabeth visiting a hospital. Credit: Wellcome Library, London. Wellcome Images
The first hospitals were established soon after Constantine made Christianity legal in the early 4th century. Hospitals not only cared for the ill, but also for the poor, the stranger, the orphan and the elderly. A great example is the work by St. Basil at Cappadocia in 369, who founded a type of "medical city" with streets and different buildings for different classes of patients. His work was admired by many for its extent and efficiency in treating the sick. St. Basil's example quickly spread, and Benedictine monasteries were the first to open hospitals in Western Europe.
A very important phase was the establishment of religious orders for the purpose of caring for the sick, which appeared toward the end of the ninth century, although monasteries had already been doing this. Similar institutions were soon founded in Italy and spread to other places. A breakthrough for the wider spread of hospitals came from the hospital of the Holy Ghost in Rome founded by Pope Innocent II in the 12th century. It became so influential that in Europe "nearly every city had a hospital of the Holy Ghost."
Today: There are now more than 400 Catholic hospitals in the United States. As the Catholic Encyclopedia states, "The hospital of today owes much to scientific progress, generous endowment, and wise administration; but none of these can serve as a substitute for the unselfish work of the men and women who minister to the sick as to the Person of Christ Himself."
The imprisoned
In early Christianity, deacons were especially charged with taking care of imprisoned Christians, who had been incarcerated for their faith. They would provide food, clothing and money for liberty. Bishops would often purchase the liberty of the prisoners by organizing collections.
The Church would also help free criminals to punish and correct them in a different way, and bishops had the right to ask the civil judge to pardon prisoner, especially if they were sentenced to death. In some instances, bishops, priests and deacons had permission to visit prisoners on a certain weekday to speak to them about the prisoners' personal, spiritual and material needs. In the Middle Ages, some orders took a vow to the redemption of captives and sought to improve their living conditions.
Today: The Archdiocese of Denver's Jail/Prison Ministry has been serving prisoners for over 100 years. With the help of lay members and religious orders, such as the Capuchin Franciscans, it now serves over 40 facilities that operate within the archdiocese's territory.
The command to help the stranger finds its root in Christ's own words: "Come… inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world, for… I was a stranger and you welcomed me" (Mt 25:34-35). As stated in the Catholic Encyclopedia, "[The Christian] can no longer restrict his love to members of the family, or co-religionists, or fellow-citizens, or strangers within the borders (Leviticus 19:34), but must extend it… to all the units of the human kind, to social outcasts and even to enemies."
Thus, the aid to strangers or foreigners was, from ancient Christianity, related to the help for the poor, the orphans and the ill. In fact, "hospital," which comes from "hospitality," originally referred to a place where strangers and visitors were welcomed. It was only later that it came to be associated solely with the sick. In the Middle Ages, there were guilds, corporations and confraternities, such as the Hospitallers, that cared for pilgrims and travelers, along with the sick and poor.
The Church in the United States is quite historically rich in its care for strangers. Catholics were among the first to found or join American organizations for the protection of Irish, German, Polish, Italian, French and more immigrants. Such organizations include The Hibernian Society for the Relief of Emigrants from Ireland, the Mission of Our Lady of the Rosary, the St. Raphael Society, the Leo House, the Jeanne d'Arc Home – not to mention the heroic service of St. Frances Cabrini, who was responsible for founding 67 different institutions in the U.S., including schools and hospitals.
Today: There are numerous Church-affiliated organizations dedicated to helping refugees, asylum seekers and emigrants. The Archdiocese of Denver provides numerous opportunities for free legal consultation, English classes and help for integration through Centro San Juan Diego, along with other services through Catholic Charities.
Widows and the elderly
The early Church cared for widows from the beginning through the collection of alms (Acts 6:10). Paul also speaks of enrolling widows (1 Tim 5:9; 1 Cor 7:8) to make an active contribution to the Church, which became the first expression of religious life.
The Church has exhorted bishops, priests and holders of benefices to never forget about the widows throughout Church history. A recent example is the Knights of Columbus, founded by Venerable Michael J. McGivney, in part, to provide assistance to widows and orphans through an insurance program, which is still active today.
The elderly also formed part of those cared for in early Christian hospitals, alongside the sick, strangers, orphans and the poor. In the United States and around the world, many homes for the aged have been under the care of religious sisters.
In 1999, St. John Paul II addressed the elderly, stressing their mission and urging them to not give into despair of euthanasia. In the same year, the USCCB invited older personas, along with their families and communities to find new ways to encourage the participation of the elderly in society and in the Church.
Today: The Archdiocese of Denver's Catholic Charities provide various senior services, including the Mulroy Senior Center. Additionally, religious orders such as The Little Sisters of the Poor, who operate Denver's Mullen Home for the Aged, dedicate their ministry to caring for the elderly.
How the Church Saved Western Civilization
Ccdenver.org
USCCB.org
COMING UP: The Gospel of God's love for man and the dignity of the human person
The Gospel of God's love for man and the dignity of the human person
By Father Angel Perez-Lopez
As we celebrate the anniversary of St. John Paul II's encyclical Evangelium Vitae (EV), we must acknowledge the many challenges present in our culture that undermine the dignity of the human person: infants are still murdered in the womb; assisted suicide is considered legal in some places; sick people are not valued as they should be, etc. In these difficult times, we make John Paul II's principle our own – "the Gospel of God's love for man, the Gospel of the dignity of the person and the Gospel of life are a single and indivisible Gospel" (EV, 2).
God is the center of the universe. We are not. Every creature that exists has been created to manifest God's goodness. This is the correct angle from which we need to understand the dignity of the human person. Such dignity is never absolute. It is always relative to the Lord.
In fact, our natural dignity consists in our unique way of participating in God as the source of our being and goodness. Unlike any other creature of the material world, we are created in God's image and likeness (cf. Gen. 1:27). We resemble Him because of our rational nature. Therefore, our natural dignity concerns who we are. It is not about what we do or what we possess (cf. EV, 19). It cannot be lost (cf. EV, 9). It accompanies all of us for the rest of our lives, not only here on earth, but also in the afterlife.
Those who defend abortion or euthanasia, for instance, tend to mistake the natural dignity of the human person with the actual exercise of one of our personal capacities, such as reasoning, verbal communication, or free choice. To be sure, the actual exercise of these capacities is a manifestation of our natural dignity. Yet, they are not the root of it. Our dignity is found beyond the level of activity. It belongs to our being, to our rational nature, and the level to which such nature participates in God's own being.
Of course, we must distinguish our natural dignity from the dignity that we acquire when we grow in God's image and likeness. Indeed, saints resemble God more than sinners. Mother Teresa of Calcutta looks more like God than Adolf Hitler. In this sense, although both have the same natural and inalienable dignity, saints have a greater acquired or moral dignity. The latter can be lost through mortal sin during our earthly pilgrimage. However, once we are in heaven, that acquired dignity will be ours for all eternity. Ware created for this fullness of being and we should not settle for less.
The Gospel of God's love for the human person is also present and at work in our day and age. Indeed, nothing escapes God's power, not even a pandemic. Because of our personal dignity, we are called to freely cooperate with Him. Good things are positively willed by the Lord in view of His glory and our own good. Evil things are allowed by God, also in view of His glory and our good. For this reason, Saint Paul declares that, "in all things God is at work for the good of those who love Him" (Rom 8:28).
Nowadays, we need to remember that because of our dignity, we are created for heaven. There is a hierarchy of goods. To be sure, our life is a good that needs to be treasured, but the health of our soul is far more important. We can also sacrifice the health of our own body for the good of the souls of others.
As Christ said, no one has greater love than the one who lays down his life for his friends (cf. Jn. 15:13). These challenging times are also a call from God to treat others as God's friends. If necessary, we are also to lay down our lives for them, following the example of Jesus. This is also why, as St. John Paul II reminds us, "the Gospel of God's love for man, the Gospel of the dignity of the person and the Gospel of life are a single and indivisible Gospel" (EV, 2).


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"ISIS out: Iran in" Doesn't Apply to Syria
DEBKAfile Exclusive Analysis August 14, 2017, 9:38 AM (IDT)
Tags: Binyamin Netanyahu, Yossi Cohen, Syria, Iran, Syrian-Hizballah pact, US-Russian cooperation,
Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu and the Mossad Director Yossie Cohen asserted separately on Sunday, Aug. 13, that wherever the Islamic State is thrown out, Iran moves in.
This assessment was borrowed from American evaluations of the situation in Afghanistan and Yemen. It does not work as a guiding principle for Israeli security in its immediate neighborhood – certainly not for Syria.
Cohen was correct in stating in his briefing that Iran presents Israel with its greatest peril, and that the Islamic Republic has used its 2015 nuclear accord with the six world powers as an accelerant for developing nuclear weapons.
But that does not make the situation in Syria analogous to Afghanistan, as an examination of the facts show.
ISIS was pushed out of parts of northern Syria by the Syrian army, Turkish troops, Syrian rebel groups and Kurdish militias. But neither Iranian forces, nor Hizballah or the Shiite militias, imported from Afghanistan and Pakistan to fight under Iranian officers, have moved in to take their place.
Neither have they been allowed a role in the ongoing offensive for the capture of Raqqa. And no Iranian or Shiite presence is to be found in Tabqa, northwest of this former ISIS capital in Syria, or Al-Bab north of Aleppo. Both towns were wrested form the jihadists by other forces.
Had Netanyahu and Cohen noted that Iranian and Hizballah took part in some of the battles fought by Russian and Syrian army forces, they would have been correct. However, it must be said that the pro-Iranian forces' participation in battles against ISIS was never more than a by-product of their overriding objective, which was to preserve Bashar Assad in the presidential palace in Damascus. Today, they are closer than ever to achieving their goal in view of the crumbling resistance: the US, Saudi Arabia and Turkey this month signaled they were pulling their support from the Syrian anti-Assad insurgency.
The Netanyahu government's fundamental misconceptions on the Syria question dates back to 2012, the second year of its civil war, when Israel's security and intelligence chiefs insisted that Bashar Assad's days in power were numbered.
This misjudgment prevailed. It was repeated only a few months ago by Maj. Gen. Hertzi Halevy, head of AMAN (IDF military intelligence). It led to another fundamental error, which was Israel's decision not to impede Hizballah's entry into the Syrian war in 2013 to shore up Assad's rule. The thinking then was that Hizballah would come out of the brutal conflict weakened and in no shape for waging war on Israel. To the contrary, Iran's Lebanese surrogate has come out of the Syrian conflict as a hardened terrorist legion, in better shape than ever before and, moreover, rewarded for its critical support for the ruler with a say in Syria's post-war future and the strategic asset of an anti-Israel warfront stretching out of Lebanon across into Syria.
Paradoxically, the Russian air force and special operations units are helping Syrian, Iranian and Hizballah forces to vanquish Syrian rebel and ISIS groups, while latterly US special forces began helping Syrian, Lebanese, Iranian and Hizballah forces cleanse the Syrian Lebanese border of the Islamic State and Al-Qaeda-linked Nusra Front presence.
Two world powers are therefore backing the Syrian-Iranian-Hizballah lineup against the extremists. Iranian and the pro-Iranian Hizballah are being enabled to reach Israel's borders – not as a result of the removal of ISIS but the open door provided them by the coordinated actions of two world powers.
The ratio of one enemy (Iran) replacing another (Isis) is not just an over-simplification of the situation, but a misreading.
Netanyahu certainly meant what he said Sunday that "Our policy is clear. We strongly object to the military entrenchment of Iran and its surrogates, led by Hizballah, in Syria, and we shall do what is necessary to guard Israel's security. That is what we are doing."
But what exactly can he do against the jeopardy to Israeli security resulting from the process underway in Syria, which is supported not just by Russia, but by Israel's most stalwart strategic ally, the United States, and supportive Saudi Arabia?
Author EDITORPosted on August 15, 2017 Categories Israel-America's Only Middle East Ally (DEBKA)
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T-Mobile adds 798K postpaid phone subscribers in Q1
T-Mobile continued to roll in the first quarter even as its rivals joined the unlimited-data bandwagon.
The nation's third-largest mobile network operator added 1.1 million total net subscribers in the first quarter, marking four full years of adding more than 1 million customers each quarter, and it posted $7.3 billion in service revenue, up 11% year over year. Branded postpaid phone churn was a record 1.18%, down 15 basis points year over year and significantly beating analysts' estimates in the range of 1.26%.
The carrier also increased its guidance range for branded postpaid net additions for the rest of the year to 2.8 million to 3.5 million, up from a range of 2.4 million to 3.4 million. Shares of T-Mobile rose 1.9% Monday afternoon following the earnings report.
"We've been beating up on the competition for over four years now while making wireless better for consumers," CEO John Legere said in a press release. "Q1 was no different with T-Mobile again producing the best customer and financial growth in the industry."
T-Mobile once again grew its customer base in a big way despite the fact that all four major carriers now offer unlimited data plans. T-Mobile and Sprint were the first to introduce all-you-can-eat 4G data last August, and both AT&T and Verizon have followed suit in recent months.
Here's a close look at some key first-quarter metrics from T-Mobile:
Subscribers: T-Mobile added 798,000 branded postpaid phone net additions, far outpacing analysts' estimates in the range of 725,000, although its 386,000 branded prepaid net additions fell short of expectations. The operator said it expects to capture 250% of the growth in the U.S. postpaid phone market during the quarter.
Financials: Total revenues came in at $9.6 billion, up 11% year over year and slightly beating analysts' estimates, and net income was $698 million, up 46% over the previous year. Adjusted EBITDA was $2.7 billion, down 5%, and free cash flow was $185 million.
Spectrum: T-Mobile bought 31 MHz of spectrum in the FCC's incentive auction of 600 MHz airwaves that wrapped up last week, quadrupling its low-band holdings. It won 45% of the spectrum sold during the event, and it expects at least 10 MHz covering more than 1 million square miles will be clear in 2017. The carrier once again said it will begin to deploy service on the spectrum later this year, and handsets will come to market in time for the 2017 holiday season.
Summary: T-Mobile's quarterly earnings are a marked contrast to those of Verizon, which said last week it lost 289,000 postpaid phone customers during the quarter as total consolidated operating revenue fell 7.3% year over year. (AT&T and Sprint have yet to post their first-quarter earnings.) It's unclear how long T-Mobile can continue its momentum in a wireless market where growth has slowed and every major carrier offers unlimited data, of course. But there's scant evidence that the No. 3 operator in the U.S. will slow its growth any time soon.


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A handbook for provincially sentenced women in Saskatchewan. We provide this handbook to women imprisoned at Pine Grove Correctional Centre.
A handbook for Federally Sentenced Women. We provide this handbook to women who are imprisoned in a federal prison.


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Places & Organizations
Diaries & Chronicles
Race, Class, Immigration
Proceedings, Newsletters
Photo & Map Collections
Exploring Brookline
Devotion House
Widow Harris House
Putterham School
Site References
Blake Park: History of a Brookline Neighborhood
Two Police Officers Who Gave Their Lives in Service to the Town
The Brookline Reservoir & the Cochituate Aqueduct
Friends of the Old Burying Ground
The Peabody Sisters in Brookline and Beyond
The Historical Stained Glass Treasures of the First Parish Church
Life & Legacy of John Wilson
The History of Commonwealth Avenue: Ghosts and Shadows of Boston's Automobile Row
At Home with H. H. Richardson
South Brookline
Aerial View, Larz Anderson Park Northward
Locations by clock position:
[2:30] Larz Anderson estate
[3:30] Pond St.
[8:30] Mt. Walley Ave.
[11:00] The Country Club horse-racing track
[Source: Brookline Preservation Department]
254 Clyde St.
Arthur Ouimet, the father of the famous golfer, Francis Ouimet, acquired this house in 1900 along with the house next door at 246 Clyde St. He rented it out while his family lived at #246. The woman and dog pictured match the profile of Mrs. Ouimet, though this cannot be confirmed. Still standing.
276 - 290 Clyde St., March 1921
Left to right: 276, 286/288, 290 Clyde St., all still standing. #288 was a store and had two gas pumps in front for many years.
[Source: Olmsted]
View of Fisher Hill from Heath Hill
Looking north across the reservoir and Boylston St. from Heath Hill. From right to left:
The long white structure of the green house of Joseph White
The house on the top of the hill at 73 Seaver St., built in 1892, still standing
The large structure barely visible behind the trees is the Longyear estate at 120 Seaver St. Still standing
The well-known Boylston - Hyslop - Lee House partially obscured behind the tree; still standing
[Source: Digital Commonwealth]
Boylston St. Trolley, 1910
Traveling inbound in the area of Chestnut Hill Ave.
Ebenezer Heath House, 30 Heath St.
Built 1791, still standing.
35 Heath St.
House of Francs Cabot, no longer standing
House of George Bacon. Later, Lowell House "Sevenels". 70 Heath St.
From a stereoview circa 1860-1865. Later purchased after the Civil War by Augustus Lowell and named "Sevenels" (Seven Lowells). Extensive exterior renovations in 1947.
Photography studio of Black and Batchelder, 172 Washington St. Boston.
Benjamin White House, 203 Heath St.
Left in photo. Still standing. On Register of Historic Places
Helen Dane Estate, 360 Heath St.
Now part of Pine Manor College
Richard's Tavern, Heath St. near Hammond St.
Northeast corner of Heath and Hammond. Known as the "Old Stage Coach Tavern". Built circa 1760-70. The Worcester Turnpike (Rt. 9) passed behind the house where a tollgate was located.
Hammond St. and Boylston St.
Boylston St. west is to the right. Louis Henry Graves had been working at the Young and Brown drug store in Coolidge Corner and then opened his own drug store at 1186 Boylston St. circa 1907. The business changed hands circa 1924. The apartment building on the left and the rearmost one on the right are still standing.
Boylston St. at Hammond St.
Boylston St. looking west from Hammond St. Louis Henry Graves opened his drug store at 1186 Boylston St. circa 1907 after working at the Young and Brown drug store in Coolidge Corner. He sold the business circa 1924.
Jackson Estate, northwest corner Heath St. and Hammond St. [ref. 1874 atlas]
Built in 1753; no longer standing
Gardner-Quimby House, Heath St
Near Heath St. and Woodland Rd.
House of Thomas Quimby, Heath St.
The house was located on Heath St. on the southwest corner of today's Woodland Rd. It was built in 1740 by Nathaniel Stedman and later purchased by Benjamin White who owned a lot of land along Heath St. Thomas C. Quimby and family then lived in this house from the 1850s until 1892.
The identity of the two young girls shown cannot be determined. They do not appear to fit the profile of any of Quimby family members. Quimby's one surviving son also lived in the Heath St. house but only had one daughter. Only one of Quimby's four daughters was born after 1850 and all remained single, later living together around the corner on Hammond St.
John G. Wright House, Woodland Rd.
Formerly located on the small hill, corner Woodland Rd. and Heath St. House later owned by Andrew Adie. Now the Soule Playground. The estate's stable is currently the headquarters of the Brookline Recreation Dept.
Woodward-Goldsmith House, Clyde St.
At today's 114 Clyde St. Built in 1723 by John Woodward, occupied for many years by George Goldsmith
Woodward-Goldsmith House, Clyde St., View #2
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Anabolic steroids news, anabolic steroids and brain cancer
Anabolic steroids news, anabolic steroids and brain cancer - Legal steroids for sale
Anabolic steroids news
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The Bird in Hand is a family run freehouse and restaurant set in the heart of the beautiful Norfolk countryside where you are always assured of a warm welcome from the whole team. Under the same ownership since 2008, the Bird has been a public house for over 200 years with the first recorded landlord taking the reins in 1794. We offer an eclectic mix of the modern and traditional with our extensive menus all lovingly prepared in house by our creative kitchen brigade.
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New York: Wiley, 2000, pp.672.
When Is a Suggestion a Suggestion---When Is an Instruction an Instruction?
Measuring Suggestibility Reconsidered: A Proposal One or More Suggestibilities?
Suggestion and Hypnosis: One and the Same?
Hypnosis, The State: Fact or Fiction?
If a State, What Kind?
What Type Scale to Use?
What Do the Scales Really Measure?
Can Hypnotic Responsiveness (and Hypnosis Capacity) Be Fundamentally Measured?


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Q: What is the use of view/change user data if that script is not run when we stop and then start the EC2 instance? AWS console has the option to view/change user data where we can change the data when the instance is stopped. But what i am unable to understand is why is this option to edit provided if the script is not run when we stop and restart the instance.
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/user-data.html

A: Because cloud-init is just one use for user data (and it came into existence after EC2).
Consider instead a pre-built AMI that is already configured to run a service. That service needs to be configured in some way, and user data is a great way to do that (especially prior to the introduction of AWS Systems Manager). For example, you could store a list of variable settings in user data, then have the service read those into its environment.
Using configuration in that way, it's very nice to be able to change user data and restart the service to pick up changes.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Home Morocco World News Muslim NYPD Officer Suspended for Refusing to Shave his Beard
Muslim NYPD Officer Suspended for Refusing to Shave his Beard
New York - Masood Syed, a 10-year NYPD police officer, was suspended on Tuesday without pay for 30 days for refusing to shave his beard.
Ghita Benslimane
Ghita is a Moroccan native and a graduate of Boston University's Film and Television program.
New York – Masood Syed, a 10-year NYPD police officer, was suspended on Tuesday without pay for 30 days for refusing to shave his beard.
According to the NY Daily News, Syed, 30, wears the beard, which is less than an inch long, in observance of his Sunni Muslim faith. The NYPD maintains a "no beard" policy, though facial hair is generally permitted up to one millimeter if it is kept for religious reasons.
Three years ago, Hasidic cop Fishel Litzman had encountered a similar problem with the NYPD. The Manhattan judge ruled in his favor.
Syed sued the NYPD this morning in an emergency hearing, arguing that the agency's no-beard policy is unconstitutional. During the hearing, city Law Department lawyer Michael Fleming argued that the NYPD's 1-millimeter length requirement is upheld to make sure MSA gas masks can fit on police offers' faces. Syed's lawyer, Joshua Moskovitz, maintains that Syed was certified to use that mask while wearing his beard.
U.S. District Judge Kevin Castel ordered the NYPD to reinstate Syed's pay and benefits until July 8th, when another judge will rule on the lawsuit. According to the NY Daily News, Castel said Syed's lawsuit will likely succeed.
"I am very relieved at the outcome, very happy with the judge's decision," Syed said after the hearing. "I think it was the right decision."


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LHS Athletes advance in post-season play
Local News, Sports & More
Lady Lion Softball
The Lady Lions closed the regular season with two big wins, knocking off the Lehman Lobos and the Kerrville Tivy Antlers to finish the season second in District, with a bid to the Bi-District playoffs this week.
Looking for payback against the Lady Lobos, who defeated the Lady Lions earlier in the season, the Lady Lions came o
ut strong on April 11, picking up a big 14-6 win.
Gabby Ybarra powered the Lady Lions at the plate and on the rubber against Lehman. She racked up four RBIs on three hits. Ybarra also allowed only one earned run on the mound.
Zierra Gonzales was 2-4 with three runs scored. Kendra Litchfield, Amanda Sigala, Katrina Mills and Bella Ybarra all singled in the game.
To finish the season, the Lady Lions traveled to Kerrville last week to take on the Lady Antlers.
Once again, solid play at the plate and in the field led to a big win, with the Lady Lions taking the 7-3 victory to earn second place in District, behind the Hays Lady Rebels, and a 28th seed in the Texas Girls' Coaches Association state rankings poll this week.
Mills knocked in three runs, sparking the Lady Lions to the victory. Ybarra was a workhorse on the mound, pitching seven innings, allowing no earned runs, with six hits and one walk, while striking out three batters.
Rebecca Tidwell was 3-4, Gabby Ybarra was 2-5 with two RBIs, and Zierra Gonzales was 2-5 with one run scored. Bella Ybarra, Aslynn Garcia, Destinee Mann, Amanda Sigala and Kendra Litchfield all singled in the game.
In the first round of playoff action, the Lady Lions will travel to San Antonio Northside ISD to face the SA Edison Golden Bears, who finished their season third in their district, with a reported record of 3-8 (3-3).
The first game in the best-of-three series will be held on Friday, April 25, 2014, at the Northeast ISD Softball Complex, 14800 Judson Rd., San Antonio, at 7 p.m.
The second game of the series will begin at noon on Saturday, April 26, and if necessary, the third game will follow at 3 p.m.
Varsity Track
Last week's Area Track and Field finals y ielded two area champions, and four Lockhart High School athletes who will advance to the Regional Track and Field Finals on Friday and Saturday of this week.
Continuing in her path of domination, Shanice Manning won both the 100-meter dash (12.22 seconds) and the 200-meter run (25.2 seconds), earning a bid to Regionals in both events.
Lion Fernando Castillo also earned a bid to Regionals, winning the 200-meter run at Area with a time of 22.7 seconds.
Jordon Johnson will advance in the 400-meter run, with a second place finish in 50.5 seconds, and Cristal Trejo, after a third-place finish in the 3,200-meter run (12:06.5) will compete this weekend, as well.
Lion CJ McKinney placed sixth in the long jump, with a final mark of 19'8.5", a strong finish, but not a high enough placement to advance. Gabby Escobedo also gave a strong performance at Area, finishing the 3,200-meter run in sixth place with a final time of 12:30.5. Like McKinney, however, she did not qualify to advance to Regionals.
The Regional Track and Field Finals will be held on Friday and Saturday, April 25-26, at Heroes Stadium, 4799 Thousand Oaks Drive in San Antonio. Follow the Post-Register online or on Facebook for announcements of race times as they become available
County eyes dozens of transportation projects
Chamber, LISD team to enhance college readiness
'Travelers' come to Caldwell County
Lockhart police investigate weekend murder
One dead after Friday standoff
Court sentences Wells to 16 years


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Q: Going into Mobile version using Selenium with Python I'm trying to change an already opened desktop tab page into the mobile version using the inspect mode (ctrl + shift + i) and (ctrl + shift + m)
All the version of the codes I've tried don't seem to work. They don't put out errors but don't do anything either.

I'm working with this so far, and the inspect mode don't show up.
I also don't want to use chromeOptions() since it opens into the mobile version at start.
Any idea on where I messed up? or is this not supposed to work

A: Shortcuts to control the user interface don't work with selenium, for example you cannot open a new tab with CTRL+T. However you can use pyautogui.
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service

options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches", ["enable-automation"]) # hide top bar
options.add_argument("--auto-open-devtools-for-tabs") # open devtools

driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=Service(chromedriver_path), options=options)
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('http://ecosia.org')

import pyautogui
pyautogui.hotkey('ctrl','shift','m') # toggle device toolbar

The only problem with pyautogui is that works only on the active window, so you have to keep the browser on top.
You can also try this one
set_device_metrics_override = dict({
              "width": 375,
              "height": 812,
              "deviceScaleFactor": 50,
              "mobile": True
          })
driver.execute_cdp_cmd('Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride', set_device_metrics_override)
driver.get(url)


Founded in 1411 by Sultan Ahmed Shah, Ahmedabad is the largest city in Gujarat state of India. A major industrial city popularly referred as the 'Manchester of the East', Ahmedabad is the cultural and economic hub of Gujarat.
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A Trip to Ahmedabad will introduce you to the checkered history of Ahmedabad in Gujarat India which is marked by a number of high points followed by declines. In 1572, Akbar the Great annexed Ahmedabad and included it in his empire. The city served as an important business center during the Mughal rule. The British took over the administration of Ahmedabad in 1818 and developed it as a commercial center by setting up several textile mills in Ahmedabad. In 1915, Mahatma Gandhi returned from South Africa and established the Sabarmati ashram on the banks of the Sabarmati River in Ahmedabad.
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Bonnie Smetts // Writer and Traveler
Day Use Only
Only Fish
Traveling Companions
Turquoise Dreams
Italian Illustrators
Gloria Pizzilli
Emiliano Ponzi
Nicoletta Ceccoli
Marco Ventura
Balbusso Twins
Northern India
Romania and Bulgaria
Italy: tip to toe
Dark and light coexist in the dream world of this San Marino illustrator.
From Communication Arts magazine, July/August 2012
A PORCELAIN-FACED GIRL straddles a polka-dotted beast while slaying a pink-eared dragon. A boy reads a book as the walls of his bedroom skew wildly and fish float in the air with less than good intentions. Black birds fly from a girl's hair as she sits alone in a field.
Welcome to the dream world of illustrator Nicoletta Ceccoli.
"I love to play with contradictions inside my drawings," the artist explains during our transatlantic e-mail chats. "They are like the dark side of a nursery rhyme, whimsical, tough, disturbing—a dream of lovely things with a hint of darkness."
Quiet and lonely as a child, Ceccoli grew up in sight of the fairytale medieval towers that grace the coat of arms of her country, the Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino. Tiny San Marino, the world's oldest republic, is an hour and a world away from Italy's Adriatic coast.
Ceccoli was raised in the countryside surrounded by her father's menagerie of hens, rabbits and turtledoves. She worked in her father's woodshop making toys and objects with her hands. "My father is a craftsman; he is the creative part of my family," she says.
But it was her mother, a primary school teacher, who sparked the illustrator's early passion for drawing and books. "Since I can remember, I was always surrounded by beautiful children's books. I simply never stopped buying them or loving how they smell."
When time came to choose the direction of her education, she traded the towers of San Marino for a ducal palace in order to attend the Art Institute of Urbino in the nearby Marche region of Italy. "It was incredible to have our classes there," she says, describing the Palazzo Ducale. "It was a magical castle where time seems to have stopped." She spent seven years studying in the Renaissance city with her last two years focused on animation for its creative possibilities. But she never lost interest in books. "I always felt the wish to tell stories with my artwork, to create worlds of my own, to live other lives different and more magical than the real one. I found that picture books for children were the perfect medium for me."
In 1995, while still a student, her work was chosen for the Bologna Children's Book Fair Show. "It is a show that selects the best in book illustration, published or unpublished worldwide, probably one of the most important in the field," she explains. After that first trip to Bologna, she got work from US publishers and later acquired an American artist rep. (As a teenager, she was fond of the new wave band, The Cure; she not only knew all of their songs by heart, but learned the exact meaning of every lyric. It is how she learned English.)
In her first children's book commissions, Ceccoli painted in acrylics on paper. Client Kate O'Sullivan, executive editor of Houghton Mifflin Books for Children, talks about Ceccoli. "I first worked with Nicoletta when she was working primarily in pastels and acrylics for her picture books. I remember when her glorious paintings arrived in-house, everyone was clamoring to get a peek and hoping that they'd be able to buy a piece. They were absolutely luminous." The response to the artist's current mixed-media work for A Dignity of Dragons: Collective Nouns for Magical Beasts has been no less enthusiastic.
O'Sullivan adds, "Nicoletta's sense of whimsy and magic is incomparable; her point of view is wholly original and she is a master at transporting us to new worlds. All this, and she's also a joy to work with (and has great taste in fashion as I found when I finally met her in person)!"
When Ceccoli first started illustrating children's books, she adapted her dark, surreal style to a lighter, brighter one in order to appeal to publishers, but she never lost interest in the ideas that had originally inspired her in school.
For her, the whole city of Urbino had been an open-air museum—and an inspiration. "All is ancient, timeless," she recalls. In Urbino she also had her first chance to see Piero della Francesca's masterpieces in person. "I feel the neat stillness of my personal artwork comes from his influence.
Her other fascination, and a recurring theme in her work, is with dolls and toys, both collecting them and recreating them in her paintings. She even wrote her graduation thesis on the subject. "I am fascinated by these mysterious, silent creatures and whenever I am in a new town and find there is a toy museum, I never miss visiting. I find toys mysteriously lifeless yet full of lives."
The book, The Girl in the Castle inside the Museum, published by Schwartz & Wade, a Random House imprint, brings her fascination with places and dolls and toys together. "I see the doll-girl of the book, trapped inside her beautiful toy castle in a toy museum as if she were me. Sometimes I feel like I'm trapped in my illustrations and imaginary worlds. It is a beautiful, safe place to stay away from the real life, away from real people. I am very shy!"
Wade Lee, vice president and publisher of Schwartz & Wade Books, talks about working with Nicoletta. "Like all good picture book illustrators, Nicoletta always did a lot more than just illustrate the text. She created a world that was beautiful, haunting and mysterious beyond what the words described. And she drew characters that were emotional and relatable.
"Here at Schwartz & Wade Books we have a lot of opinions and I shared them all with Nicoletta," continues Lee. "Even though there was a little bit of a language barrier, she always understood our concerns and she would regularly come back with solutions that took the illustrations and the book to new levels. She is deeply creative, flexible and a joy to work with."
Ceccoli tries to find a different approach to each book project. "Each story should suggest a style," she says. She prefers to come up with ideas in advance of knowing a client's vision—and then loves feedback and direction after she's had time to create freely. Even when a client requests a certain style or treatment, she still pushes herself to do something new in the technical execution of the project.
Today she likes working with digital media (although she'll never completely give up her brushes and paint). "All can be changed many times during the process, colors, shapes, so I am more open to the surprise when I use digital." She has been creating illustrations using a combination of clay puppets and digital photography in her books, Oscar and the Mooncats for Houghton Mifflin and The Boo Book for Simon & Schuster.
"I did the sketches on paper of all the artwork for approval by the publisher. Then I translated the characters and the settings into Plasticine and painted them. Finally I took photographs of these and assembled and rendered everything in Photoshop, adding shadows, textures and modifying colors." She continues, "I was not sure about the results, but I wanted to try and see where it would take me."
She draws inspiration for both her personal work and her commissions from a list of artists that she says "goes on and on": Remedios Varo, Mark Ryden, Alberto Savinio, René Magritte, M.C. Escher, Hieronymus Bosch.
"Stasys Eidrigevicius is one of my favorite illustrators because of his dark, surreal humor. Binette Schroeder is another children's book illustrator who has influenced me with her whimsical surrealism. I can continue and continue..."
With a client list that now includes, among others, Random House, Houghton Mifflin, Simon & Schuster, United Airlines and Mondadori, she talks about what she's interested in doing next.
"Even though I still love books, in the last few years I've wanted to try projects with a more adult target, where I could express myself in a different way." She is prolific in her personal work and has had gallery shows in the us, Canada and Europe. "My personal pictures express a delicate nostalgia, vanity or fragility, cruelty and beauty simultaneously. I love especially to portray girls who are kind of my other self, in between childhood and adolescence. Maybe because inside of me, I don't feel like an adult yet."
She is looking forward to taking a break from her work for children. "It's almost seventeen years that I have been dedicated to children's books and I feel the need to move a little away from there."
No matter what Ceccoli's next direction, M.C. Escher will no doubt continue designing her floors and Piero della Francesca painting her walls. Her melancholy doll-girl will stare out at us and continue her solitary search.
View the article with images online at Communication Arts magazine.
other stories: Anna + Elena Balbusso | Marco Ventura | Emiliano Ponzi | Gloria Pizzilli


text:
An Introduction to Stock Market Indices
By Kate Schick | Updated August 8, 2016
By gaining a clear understanding of how indices are created and how they differ, you will be on your way to making sense of the daily movements in the marketplace.
Here we'll compare and contrast the main market indices so that the next time you hear someone refer to "the market," you'll have a better idea of just what they mean.
The Dow
The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) is one of the oldest, most well-known and most frequently used indices in the world. It includes the stocks of 30 of the largest and most influential companies in United States. The DJIA is what's known as a price weighted index. It was originally computed by adding up the per-share price of the stocks of each company in the index and dividing this sum by the number of companies – that's why it's called an average. Unfortunately, it is no longer this simple to calculate. Over the years, stock splits, spin-offs and other events have resulted in changes in the divisor, making it a very small number (less than 0.2).
The DJIA represents about a quarter of the value of the entire U.S. stock market, but a percent change in the Dow should not be interpreted as a definite indication that the entire market has dropped by the same percent. This is because of the Dow's price-weighted function. The basic problem is that a $1 change in the price of a $120 stock in the index will have the same effect on the DJIA as a $1 change in the price of a $20 stock, even though one stock may have changed by 0.8% and the other by 5%.
A change in the Dow represents changes in investors' expectations of the earnings and risks of the large companies included in the average. Because the general attitude toward large-cap stocks often differs from the attitude toward small-cap stocks, international stocks or technology stocks, the Dow should not be used to represent sentiment in other areas of the marketplace. On the other hand, because the Dow is made up of some of the most well-known companies in the U.S., large swings in this index generally correspond to the movement of the entire market, although not necessarily on the same scale.
The S&P 500
The Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Index is a larger and more diverse index than the DJIA. Made up of 500 of the most widely traded stocks in the U.S., it represents about 80% of the total value of U.S. stock markets. In general, the S&P 500 index gives a good indication of movement in the U.S. marketplace as a whole.
Because the S&P 500 index is market weighted (also referred to as capitalization weighted), every stock in the index is represented in proportion to its total market capitalization. In other words, if the total market value of all 500 companies in the S&P 500 drops by 10%, the value of the index also drops by 10%.
A 10% movement in all stocks in the DJIA, by contrast, would not necessarily cause a 10% change in the index. Many people consider the market weighting used in the S&P 500 to be a better measure of the market's movement because two portfolios can be more easily compared when changes are measured in percentages rather than dollar amounts.
The S&P 500 index includes companies in a variety of sectors, including energy, industrials, information technology, healthcare, financials and consumer staples.
The Wilshire 5000
The Wilshire 5000 is sometimes called the "total stock market index" or "total market index" because almost all publicly-traded companies with headquarters in the U.S. that have readily available price data are included in the Wilshire 5000. Finalized in 1974, this index is extremely diverse, including stocks from every industry. Although it's a near-perfect measure of the entire U.S. market, the Wilshire 5000 is referred to less often than the less comprehensive S&P 500 when people talk about the entire market.
The Nasdaq Composite Index
Most investors know that the Nasdaq is the exchange on which technology stocks are traded. The Nasdaq Composite Index is a market-capitalization-weighted index of all stocks traded on the Nasdaq stock exchange. This index includes some companies that are not based in the U.S.
Although this index is known for its large portion of technology stocks, the Nasdaq Composite also includes stocks from financial, industrial, insurance and transportation industries, among others. The Nasdaq Composite includes large and small firms but, unlike the Dow and the S&P 500, it also includes many speculative companies with small market capitalizations. Consequently, its movement generally indicates the performance of the technology industry as well as investors' attitudes toward more speculative stocks.
The Russell 2000
The Russell 2000 is a market-capitalization-weighted index of the 2,000 smallest stocks in the Russell 3000, an index of the 3,000 largest publicly-traded companies, based on market cap, in the U.S. stock market. The Russell 2000 index gained popularity during the 1990s, when small-cap stocks soared and investors moved more money to the sector. The Russell 2000 is the best-known indicator of the daily performance of small companies in the market; it is not dominated by a single industry.
It's good to know what's going on in the many diverse segments of the U.S. and international markets. If you're going to pick just one index or market to talk about, you can't go wrong with the S&P 500, which offers a good indication of the movements in the U.S. market in general.
By watching indices and keeping track of their movements over time, you can get a good handle on the investing public's general attitude toward companies of all different sizes and from varying industries.


This is the eighth in a series by Senior Editor Robert Weldon designed to help jewelers buy different types of gems.
andalusite, an aluminum silicate, was used to manufacture automobile spark plugs. Named for Andalucia, Spain, where it was first found, it held little promise as a gemstone. Indeed, gem connoisseurs scoffed at andalusite's commonly small sizes, cleavage problems and often visible rutile needle inclusions.
Brazil, opinions began to change. The gems found there were quite dramatic and beautiful, especially if well-cut.
Andalusite has been largely a collector's gem, partly for the reasons mentioned above, but also because it is relatively rare in consistent clean sizes and quantities. But its popularity among designers and jewelers who seek unique gems is growing.
A large andalusite (more than 5 carats) that is well-faceted (cut to show equal amounts of both pleochroic colors – mostly orange and green) is captivating. However, the colors often vary slightly from gem to gem. Some faceted andalusites may appear as only green, brown or yellow; these have simply not been oriented to exhibit the pleochroism at its best. Pink and violet andalusites also exist – though these are extremely rare, especially in larger sizes. Some green andalusites are heat-treated to change the color to pink. The treatment is rare and not detectable, particularly in clean gemstones.
Chiastolite is an opaque variety of andalusite with an unusual, cruciform arrangement of carbonaceous inclusions. This gem often is cut en cabochon to isolate the cross-like pattern in the center. Cat's-eye andalusites are formed by minute, fibrous, parallel rutile needles and are extremely rare.
Could be confused with: Andalusites can be confused easily with tourmalines, particularly golden to brown and some bicolor tourmalines. Some optical and physical properties overlap. The refractive index is 1.624-1.644 in tourmaline and 1.634-1.643 in andalusite; specific gravity is 3.06 in tourmaline and 3.17 in andalusite.
Tourmalines also are pleochroic, though not as strongly as andalusite.
Birefringence and the determination of visible pleochroic colors are key separators. Birefringence is .018-.040 in tourmaline and .007-.013 in andalusite. The Gemological Institute of America describes pleo chroism in transparent andalusites as a strong brown to yellowish green and brownish orange to brownish red. Other brownish and orangy gems – such as chrysoberyl, zircon and danburite – can be separated by their key gemological characteristics. The chiastolite form of andalusite can be identified visually, because no other gem material resembles it.
Enhancements: Though it is rare, some andalusites are heat-treated to modify and change their body color to a brownish-pink. People who regularly buy andalusite are more apt to want the classic orange to green.
Supply & price: Fine supplies of the material are available to steady customers and collectors, though not in large quantities. Main sources are Brazil, Sri Lanka, Russia, Africa and Madagascar.
Prices have risen dramatically. A decade ago, even fine larger stones were just a few dollars per carat. Now prices range from the mid-$60s to more than $100 per carat for exceptionally fine large gems (over 6 cts.). Chiastolite is less than $30 per stone and negotiable.
Gemology: Refractive index is 1.634-1.643, specific gravity is 3.17 and birefringence is .007-.013. Andalusite is 7-7.5 on Moh's Hardness Scale.
Care: Andalusite has distinct cleavage, so take particular care when setting it. Warm, sudsy water combined with a fine-bristle toothbrush is best for cleaning andalusite jewelry. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steamers.
Diamonds discovered near Kelsey Lake in Colorado may be marketed through U.S. retailers as an exclusive line of "American diamonds," says Howard Coopersmith, president of Diamond Co. of Ft. Collins, Colo., a partner in the project.
The mine is expected to produce about 100,000 carats yearly when it goes into full production by 1997 or 1998, he says, and has an estimated life span of 10 years. What the deposit lacks in volume it recoups in quality: samples show that 65% of the diamonds are gem-quality, very white with relatively few inclusions. The average size is unavailable, but 25% have been more than 1 carat and several have been 6 to 14 carats, Coopersmith says.
His company is a junior partner to Redaurum of Toronto, which bought a controlling interest in the mine in December 1994. Redaurum, a public company traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange, also mines and markets production from the River Ranch Mine in Zimbabwe and a small deposit in South Africa. Redaurum sells the diamonds from those operations through tender offers in Antwerp.
No definite marketing plans have been made for the Colorado diamonds. But Coopersmith says several retail jewelry operations and U.S. diamond wholesalers have approached his company and Redaurum about marketing a uniquely American line of diamonds. "I believe we'll be selling these goods separately," he says.
The Kelsey Lake deposit is actually a cluster of eight relatively small kimberlite pipes. Two of them contain diamonds in quantities that are economical to mine.
The Asian Institute of Gemological Sciences has moved into the new Jewelry Trade Center on Silom Road in Bangkok, Thailand.
AIGS relocated to be closer to the trade, which is concentrated in the trade center and elsewhere along Silom Road. The AIGS gemstone identification and research laboratory is on the sixth floor of the South Tower; the education facility and library are on the 11th floor.
AIGS, which recently upgraded its research and identification laboratory with state-of-the-art gemological equipment, provides identification, appraisal and origin reports on all gemstones. Its new address is AIGS, 919/1 Silom Road, Jewelry Trade Center, South Tower, 11th Fl., Bangrak, Bangkok, Thailand 10500; (66-2) 674-315-9, fax (66-2) 674-320.


text:
Elīna Garanča (prononcez : Éliina Garántcha), née le  à Riga (Lettonie), est une mezzo-soprano lettone réputée pour la puissance, l'ampleur et la tessiture de sa voix ainsi que pour ses talents de comédienne. Elle s'est hissée en quelques années au rang des grandes cantatrices mondiales.

Biographie
Elīna Garanča est née le  à Riga, de parents musiciens. Son père est chef de chœur et sa mère, Anita, interprète de lieder, professeur de chant à l'Académie de musique de Lettonie, professeur de chant associée à l'Académie lettone pour la culture et enseignante à l'Opéra national de Lettonie. Elle donne également des cours de chant en privé. Son frère, Jānis (Jaanis) Garančs, de trois ans son aîné, a entrepris des études de musique. Il travaille actuellement comme consultant audiovisuel dans l'industrie du disque.

Enfant, elle voulait être comédienne mais, après avoir travaillé le piano pendant quelques années, Elīna, âgée de 20 ans, commence à étudier le chant à l'Académie de musique de Lettonie Jāzeps-Vītols sous la direction de Sergej Martinov en 1996. Elle continue ses études à Vienne avec Irina Gavrilovici avant de les poursuivre aux États-Unis avec Virginia Zeani.

Elle est mariée au chef d'orchestre gibraltarien Karel Mark Chichon. Leur premier enfant, Catherine Louise, est née le 22 septembre 2011, et leur second, Cristina Sophie, le 10 janvier 2014.

Carrière
Elīna Garanča fait ses débuts lors d'une tournée de l'Opéra de Riga à Bucarest et Athènes dans le rôle de Giovanna Seymour d'Anna Bolena de Donizetti, puis est engagée dans la troupe de Meiningen, en Allemagne. Elle intègre ensuite celle de Francfort avant de signer un contrat avec l'Opéra de Vienne, où elle fait ses débuts dans le rôle de Lola de Cavalleria Rusticana de Mascagni.

Sa carrière internationale prend son essor au Festival de Salzbourg de 2003, lorsqu'elle chante le rôle d'Annio de La Clémence de Titus de Mozart sous la direction de Nikolaus Harnoncourt. Elle signe rapidement des contrats pour des rôles importants : Charlotte de Werther et Dorabella de Così fan tutte à l'Opéra de Vienne (2004). Elle incarne ensuite Sesto de La Clémence de Titus (2006).

Elle a signé un contrat d'exclusivité avec Deutsche Grammophon en 2005.

Ses premiers pas en France ont lieu au Théâtre des Champs-Élysées dans La Cenerentola de Rossini) mise en scène par Irina Brook. Elle y revient pour le Così fan tutte de Mozart mis en scène par Patrice Chéreau à Aix-en-Provence puis au Palais Garnier (2005). Elle débute à l'Opéra Bastille en décembre 2006, au pied levé, dans le rôle d'Octavien du Chevalier à la rose de Richard Strauss. Elle revient à Paris en février 2007 pour les Folksongs de Berio avec Mariss Jansons au Théâtre des Champs-Élysées.

Ses débuts à l'Opéra de Munich ont lieu en juillet 2008. Elle y a interprété le rôle d'Adalgisa dans la Norma de Bellini, aux côtés d'Edita Gruberova, avec qui elle avait enregistré l'opéra pour le disque.

Elle débute au Metropolitan Opera de New York le  dans le rôle de Rosine du Barbier de Séville de Rossini. Sa prestation est saluée par le journaliste et critique du New York Times Bernard Holland  :

Elle interprètera longtemps Mozart mais le  et en janvier 2010, à la suite du désistement d'Angela Gheorghiu, elle chante le rôle-titre de Carmen de Bizet) – qu'elle a chanté pour la première fois à Riga en octobre 2007 – avec pour partenaire Roberto Alagna dans la production 2010 du MET. Longuement ovationnée, sa prestation avait relevé un défi et aboutit à un triomphe.

La voix

Distinctions
Le 23 mai 2013 après une représentation de Carmen à Vienne, elle reçoit le titre très honorifique de  pour sa contribution à l'opéra viennois.

Elle obtient un Grammy Award pour son rôle d'Andronico dans l'opéra Bajazet dirigé par Fabio Biondi.

Décoration
  Commandeure de l'ordre des Trois Étoiles, en 2016.

Discographie

En CD

Récitals
 Romantique, (Donizetti, Saint-Saëns, Tchaikovski, Gounod, Vaccai, Berlioz, Lalo) - Philharmonie Teatro comunale de Bologne, dir. Yves Abel (mars 2012, DG 479 0071)
Schumann & Brahms Lieder - Elīna Garanča et Malcolm Martineau - CD Deutsche Grammophon - 6 Novembre 2020
 Habanera, (Bizet°, Barbieri, Lehár, Balfe, Montsalvatge, Falla, Ravel, Chapí, Gallardo del Rey, Luna, Obradors, Serrano) - Roberto Alagna° ; José María Gallardo del Rey, guitare ; Orchestra sinfonica nazionale della RAI, dir. Karel Mark Chichon (mars 2010, DG)
 Arie favorite, (Mozart, Rossini, Donizetti, Bellini, Massenet) - Orchestre symphonique national de Lettonie, dir. Alexander Vilumanis (2001, Capman)
 Opera arias : participation à l'enregistrement de Lucia di Lammermoor avec Anna Netrebko, soprano ; Orchestre philharmonique de Vienne, dir. Gianandrea Noseda (mars 2003, DG 477 9968)
 Mozart arias, direction Louis Langrée
 L'Album Mozart, Claudio Abbado, Charles Mackerras, avec Anna Netrebko, René Pape, Thomas Quasthoff, Bryn Terfel, Erika Miklosa (2005, DG 477 6297)
 Aria cantilena (Massenet, Offenbach, Rossini, Montsalvatge, Strauss) - Staatskapelle de Dresde, dir. Fabio Luisi (juillet 2006, DG)
 Schumann & Brahms, Lieder, accompagnée au piano par Malcolm Martineau, Deutsche Grammophon, 2020.

Opéras
 Bellini : Norma, avec Edita Gruberova et Aquiles Machado - Adalgisa (en CD)
 Rossini : Le Barbier de Séville, avec Lawrence Brownlee - Rosina (en CD)
 Vivaldi : Bajazet - Andronico (en CD)
I Capuleti e i Montecchi - Bellini, avec Anna Netrebko, Joseph Calleja et Robert Gleadow

en DVD
 Bizet : Carmen - Elīna Garanča (Carmen) ; Roberto Alagna (Don José) ; Metropolitan Opera, dir. Yannick Nézet-Séguin (16 janvier 2010, paru également en blu-ray)
 Massenet : Werther (Charlotte) - Opéra de Vienne, dir. Philippe Jordan (2005, Arthaus Musik)
 Mozart : Così fan tutte - Erin Wall (Fiordiligi) ; Elīna Garanča (Dorabella) ; Stéphane Degout (Guglielmo) ; Shawn Mathey (Ferrando) ; Barbara Bonney (Despina) ; Ruggero Raimondi (Don Alfonso) ; festival d'Aix-en-Provence - Mahler Chamber Orchestra, dir. Daniel Harding (7-23 juillet 2005, Virgin Classics)
 Mozart : La clemenza di Tito - Michael Schade (Tito) ; Vesselina Kasarova (Sesto) ; Dorothea Röschmann (Vitellia) ; Elīna Garanča (Annio) ; Barbara Bonney (Servilia) ; Luca Pisaroni (Publio) ; Orchestre philharmonique de Vienne, dir. Nikolaus Harnoncourt (2003, ArtHaus Musik)
 Rossini : La Cenerentola (Angelina/Cendrillon) - Lawrence Brownlee (Don Ramiro) ; Simone Alberghini (Dandini) ; Alessandro Corbelli (Don Magnifico) ; Rachelle Durkin (Clorinda) ; Metropolitan Opera, dir. Maurizio Benini (9 mai 2009)
 Donizetti : Anna Bolena (Giovanna Seymour) - Anna Netrebko ; Wiener Staatsoper (avril 2011, paru également en blu-ray)
 Verdi : Requiem - Anja Harteros (soprano), Elīna Garanča (mezzo-soprano), Jonas Kaufmann (ténor), René Pape (basse) ; Orchestre du Théâtre de la Scala, dir. Daniel Barenboim (27 août 2012, Decca)

Références

Liens externes

Chanteuse lettone d'opéra
Mezzo-soprano
Artiste de Deutsche Grammophon
Commandeur de l'ordre des Trois Étoiles
Naissance en septembre 1976
Naissance à Riga
Naissance en RSS de Lettonie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
laSexta é um canal de televisão espanhol de âmbito nacional e em aberto, que emite através da televisão terrestre, tanto em analógico como em digital. É um dos dois canais de televisão da Gestora de Inversiones Audiovisuales La Sexta, juntamente com o canal Gol Televisión.

A programação é generalista, mas com especial presença de programas de humor e entretenimento, séries norte-americanas e retransmissões desportivas.

A GIA La Sexta possui duas sedes, uma na Ciudad de la Imagen em Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), onde se gravam os informativos (laSexta | Noticias), programas e logística diversa, e outra no centro Imagina em Esplugues de Llobregat (Barcelona), onde se gere a sua continuidade e emissão.

História

Inícios
O canal teve suas origens em 2001 como Beca TV. O canal foi registrado pela primeira vez em 18 de Março e, mais tarde, foi lançado oficialmente em 1 de abril, mas, infelizmente, o canal foi fechado em 21 de Julho de 2003, devido a problemas financeiros.

Dois anos depois, em 2005, o canal educacional já extinto foi substituído por um novo canal chamado laSexta. O canal foi fundado por Antonio García Ferreras em 25 de Novembro, naquele ano, quando GIA La Sexta recebeu a licença de transmissão. Então, o novo canal tornou-se o sucessor da Beca TV e começou a transmitir na TDT em 12 de Dezembro, pouco antes das frequências analógicas de Madrid (33) e Barcelona (63) serem conhecidas.

No dia 23 de Dezembro começa a sua emissão analógica com uma vinheta que emitia em digital, nas cidades de Madrid e Barcelona, estendendo-se posteriormente. No dia 23 de Janeiro de 2006 começa a emissão de um vídeo promocional sobre a sintonização do canal de televisão, e não seria até ao dia 20 de Fevereiro que começavam as emissões em provas com conteúdos. As emissões começam às 21:00 h com documentários ("Champions", "Natura") e programas dedicados ao tunning, "Tuning Manía". Desde o dia 22 de Fevereiro, a laSexta já emite 12 horas diárias de programação.

No dia 2 de Março, produz-se a primeira emissão em directo, com um jogo de futebol entre a Croácia e a Argentina, 5 dias antes de que no Círculo de Bellas Artes, José Miguel Contreras desse a conhecer no Fórum Europa a data oficial de início de emissões do canal de televisão, dia 27 de Março.

Nesse dia produz-se o lançamento oficial do canal com um programa apresentado pelo seu presidente, Emilio Aragón, onde se anuncia junto a Florentino Fernández, que o canal emitirá o Mundial de Futebol de 2006, mas os direitos dos jogos da selecção espanhola seriam partilhados com o canal de televisão Cuatro.

Desde o próprio início do canal, como demonstra a compra dos direitos de transmissão do mundial, assim como dos direitos de transmissão dos jogos de seleções, o canal tem a presença assídua do desporto na sua programação, e no dia 27 de Julho, a Mediapro, acionista da laSexta, anuncia a sua entrada na Audiovisual Sport e dias depois a concessão à laSexta, durante 3 anos, a emissão de um jogo de futebol em aberto, todos os sábados, às dez da noite, que até ao momento pertencia aos canais autonómicos integrados na FORTA (Conjunto das televisões autonómicas). Pouco depois anunciava-se que a laSexta partilharia com a TV3, TVG e Canal 9, esses direitos.

Também comprou os direitos do Campeonato da Liga Inglesa e dos do Mundial de Clubes do Japão en 2006, no qual participou o F.C. Barcelona.

O canal emitiu a final de 2007 do Campeonato da ULEB e ficou com os direitos de transmissão dos EuroBaskets de Espanha 2007, Polónia 2009 e Lituânia 2011 e do Mundobasket da Turquia 2010 (Direitos Comercializados pela Mediapro). Em Março de 2008 comprou à Mediapro os direitos de transmissão da Fórmula 1 para o período 2009-2013. No dia 18 de Abril do mesmo ano, anuncia a aquisição à FOM os direitos de transmissão da GP2 Series.

Desde o dia 1 de Julho de 2007, a laSexta deixou de emitir na plataforma Digital+, por existir um conflito devido à publicidade da plataforma, na que se mencionava que esta possuía "todo o futebol" sem mencionar o canal recém-criado, que por aquela altura emitia um jogo cada Sábado.

Enquanto a programas de produção própria, são os que mais fama deram ao canal, depois do desporto, destacando espaços como Sé Lo Que Hicisteis… na sobremesa, El Intermedio no access-prime time, Buenafuente no late-night ou Salvados no prime time dos Domingos. No que respeita a produção estrangeira, este canal fez importantes desembolsos para comprar séries de êxito nos EUA como Prision Break ou My Name Is Earl. Dispões de séries de animação como Family Guy ou Futurama.

No dia 30 de Maio de 2008 pôs-se em marcha a plataforma web 2.0 www.misexta.tv, onde os usuários podem ver os conteúdos das suas séries e programas favoritos em alta definição a qualquer hora e em qualquer lugar. A página web oficial é www.lasexta.com. O canal teve de utilizar este endereço por um Cybersquatter ter comprado o domínio ainda antes de lhe ser concedida a licença de emissão, este havia sido comprado pela TeleCinco, mas já foi comprado pela laSexta.

Em Abril de 2009 a laSexta bateu o seu recorde de audiência com um 7,7%, e no dia 4 de Junho de 2009, e pelo segundo dia consecutivo, a laSexta marcou o seu máximo histórico numa jornada sem eventos desportivos, alcançando assim um 7,7% de share. Na TDT terminou o dia com um 9,7% de share, superando assim a Cuatro (8,2%). Nessa mesma semana, a laSexta bateu os seus recordes em dias de semana, com um 6,8%.

Críticas
Em Julho de 2008, o Ministério da Indústria abriu em expediente ao canal por emitir conteúdos pornográficos em horário de protecção infantil, dentro dos programa Sé lo que hicisteis… e Family Guy.

Outro assunto desta natureza resultou da emissão de uns desenhos animados japoneses de conteúdo pornográfico (hentai), onde se podia ver explicitamente como, em cada capítulo, se violavam várias raparigas. Depois de ser denunciado desde vários sectores da população, (não tanto pelo aspecto infantil que tinham as raparigas que os próprios homens tinham de perguntar se elas eram verdadeiramente maiores de idade, como pela brutalidade das violações que começavam com uma total resistência para terminarem encantadas), o canal decidiu retirá-los, mas não o fez imediatamente. A apresentadora Mamen Mendizábal abriu certa noite o noticiário a criticar quem se tinha sentido ofendido pela série hentai alegando que "eram só desenhos animados". No entanto, o canal acabou por retirar pouco tempo depois a série, mas depois voltou a emitir a série desde o primeiro capítulo, por petição de numerosos espectadores aficionados ao género hentai, alegando ter a consciência tranquila, apoiando-se nas afirmações em direto da apresentadora Mamen Mendizábal, "são só desenhos animados".

Segundo o terceiro relatório da Comissão Mista de Seguimento do Código de Autorregulação de Conteúdos Televisivos e Infância, a laSexta foi o canal que mais vezes descumpriu esse código entre Março de 2007 e Março de 2008, com um total de 38 infrações, sobre 52 denúncias recebidas. O programa do canal que recebeu mais queixas ante o comité de Auto-regulação nesse período foram as reposições matinais do late-show Buenafuente.

Em Setembro de 2008, o Tribunal Mercantil de Barcelona proibiu à laSexta a emissão de imagens da TeleCinco, ao considerar que esta prática infligia os direitos de propriedade intelectual. Deste modo, o juiz considerou parcialmente a demanda da TeleCinco pelo uso abusivo de imagens de fragmentos dos seus programas em três programas da laSexta: Sé lo que hicisteis…, El Intermedio e Traffic TV. A sentença, mesmo assim, condenou a laSexta a pagar uma indemnização por danos e prejuízos. Finalmente a TeleCinco ganhou a demanda e a partir do dia 11 de Novembro a laSexta não pode emitir imagens da TeleCinco.

Estrutura accionista
Actualmente, a La Sexta tem as seguintes participações accionistas:
 51% GAMP (Grupo Audiovisual de Medios de Producción) participada por:
 69,95% Grupo Árbol-Globomedia (Emilio Aragón) e Mediapro.
 9,8% Bilbao Bizkaia Kutxa (caixa de aforros vasca)
 8,25% El Terrat (Andreu Buenafuente)
 12% Bainet (Karlos Arguiñano)
 40% Televisa (Grupo mediático méxicano)
 9% acionistas menores, entre os quais se inclui Gala Capital (propriedade de George Soros).

A Televisa garantiu 40% da concessão do canal.

Presidente
 Emilio Aragón, fundador da produtora Globomedia e do Grupo Árbol.

Apresentadores

Atresmedia
Canais de televisão da Espanha
Canais de televisão fundados em 2001
Canais de televisão extintos em 2003
Canais de televisão fundados em 2005
Canais de televisão fundados em 2006
Panama Papers
Canais de televisão de língua espanhola