Sharma, N and Shalander, K and Padmaja, R and Tyagi, P (2016) Mainstreaming Gender and Empowering Women in Agriculture in the Thar Region of India, Research Report No 69. Technical Report. ICRISAT, Patancheru.
Mohammed, R and Munghate, R S and Ashok Kumar, A and Polavarapu, K K B and Reddy, B V S and Sharma, H C (2016) Components of resistance to sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata. Euphytica, 207 (2). pp. 419-438.
ICRISAT, - (2016) Catch the Pulse. ICRISAT. 01-36.
Deb, U (2016) Agricultural Transformation in Bangladesh:Extent, Drivers and Implications. In: 15th National Conference of the Bangladesh Agricultural Economists Association (BAEA) on "Transformation of Agricultural Sector in Bangladesh: 21st Century", January 22 - 23, 2016, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC) Auditorium, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Sharma, H C and Manuele, T and Bouhssini, M E and Ranga Rao, G V (2016) Pest Management in Grain Legumes: Potential and Limitations. In: Integrated Pest Management in the Tropics. New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi, pp. 275-292.
Orr, A and Mwema, C and Gierend, A and Nedumaran, S (2016) Sorghum and Millets in Eastern and Southern Africa : Facts, Trends and Outlook. Working Paper. ICRISAT, Patancheru, Telangana, India.
Jarial, S and Lamine, E M (2016) Gender roles and constraints in cowpea and groundnut cropping: a case from Niger. In: African Grain Legumes and World Cowpea Conference, February 27 - March 04, 2016, Livingstone, Zambia.
Jarial, S and Blümmel, M and Soumana, I and Prasad, K V S V and Issa, S and Ravi, D (2016) Price quality relationships in fodder trading in Niger with special regards to comparison of cowpea & groundnut haulms with concentrates, collected shrubs and grasses. In: African Grain Legumes and World Cowpea Conference, February 27 - March 04, 2016, Livingstone, Zambia.
Shalander, K and Whitbread, A M and Falk, T (2016) Institutionalizing governance arrangements for sustainable management of community based silvi-pasture systems in arid ecoregions in Rajasthan, India. In: World Congress Silvo-Pastoral Systems: Functions, Management and Systems in a Changing World, September 26 - 30, 2016, Evora, Portugal.
Homann-Kee Tui, S and Sixpence, C and Gule, C and Gungulo, A L and Senda, T and Hauser, M and Mwakiwa, E and Quembo, C J and Van Rooyen, A F (2016) Sustainability transitions for smallholder farmers: How can government, research and development programs support profitable goat markets in Tete? Monograph. ICRISAT, Patancheru.
ICRISAT, - (2016) ICRISAT Annual Report 2015: Building climate-smart farming communities. Other. ICRISAT, Patancheru.
Mullen, J D (2016) Impact Assessment of ICRISAT Village Level Studies: 1975 to 2013. An independent external review commissioned by ICRISAT. Technical Report. ICRISAT, Patancheru.
ICRISAT, - (2016) Building Climate-Smart Villages: Five approaches for helping farmers adapt to climate change. Technical Report. ICRISAT, Patancheru.
Wafula, W N and Korir, N K and Ojulong, H F and Gweyi-Onyango, J P (2016) Effect of Phosphate Levels on Soil Rhizosphere Nutrient Balances and Finger Millet Yield. Asian Research Journal of Agriculture, 02 (01). 01-08.
Padmaja, R and Bantilan, M C S and Parthasarathy, D and Base, A (2016) Role of Social Networks in Adoption of Technology and Empowerment of Women: Sociological Evidences from Village-level Studies. In: Proceedings of XII Agricultural Science Congress: Sustainable Livelihood Security for Smallholder Farmers, Feb 03 - 06, 2015, NAAS, New Delhi.
Kumara Charyulu, D and Bantilan, C and Reddy, B V S and Ashok Kumar, A and Ahmed, I and Davis, J (2016) Estimation of ICRISAT Sorghum Research Spillover Benefits – Strategies for Research Prioritization. Research Report No 72. Technical Report. ICRISAT, Patancheru, Telangana, India.
Munthali, W M and Charlie, H J and Kachulu, L and Seetha, D (2016) How to Reduce Aflatoxin Contamination in Groundnuts and Maize A Guide for Extension Workers. Monograph. ICRISAT, Patancheru, Telangana, India.
Tsusaka, T W and Orr, A and Msere, H W and Homann-Kee Tui, S and Maimisa, P and Twanje, G H and Botha, R (2016) Do Commercialization and Mechanization of a "Women's Crop" Disempower Women Farmers? Evidence from Zambia and Malawi. In: 2016 Annual Meeting of Agricultural and Applied Economics Association (formerly the American Agricultural Economics Association), July 31- August 02, 2016, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Korbu, L and Damte, T and Fikre, A (2016) Harnessing Chickpea Value Chain for Nutrition Security and Commercialization of Smallholder Agriculture in Africa. In: Harnessing Chickpea Value Chain for Nutrition Security and Commercialization of Smallholder Agriculture in Africa, 30th January – 1st February, 2014, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia.
Smale, M and Kergna, A and Diakité, L (2016) An Economic Assessment of Sorghum Improvement in Mali, Impact Assessment Report No. 2. Technical Report. ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad.
Bado, B V and Savadogo, P and Manzo, M L S (2016) Restoration of Degraded Lands in West Africa Sahel: Review of experiences in Burkina Faso and Niger. Technical Report. ICRISAT.
Thenkabail, P S and Knox, J and Ozdogan, M and Gumma, M K and Congalton, R and Wu, Z and Milesi, C and Finkral, A and Marshall, M and Mariotto, I and You, S and Giri, C and Nagler, P (2016) NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) Global Food Security Support Analysis Data (GFSAD) Crop Dominance 2010 Global 1 km V001. Monograph. NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC, South Dakota, USA.
Teluguntla, P and Thenkabail, P S and Xiong, J and Gumma, M K and Giri, C and Milesi, C and Ozdogan, M and Congalton, R and Tilton, J and Sankey, T and Massey, R and Phalke, A and Yadav, K (2016) NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) Global Food Security Support Analysis Data (GFSAD) Crop Mask 2010 Global 1 km V001. Monograph. NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC, South Dakota, USA.
Kotla, A and Phuke, R and Hariprasanna, K and Mehtre, S P and Rathore, A and Radhika, K and Hash, C T and Reddy, B V S and Patil, J V and Jabeen, F and Shashikanth, D and Pagde, L S and Deshpande, S P and Ashok Kumar, A (2016) Identification of QTLs and Underlying Candidate Genes Controlling Grain Fe and Zn Concentration in Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L).Moench]. In: Plant and Animal Genome Conference XXIV, January 08 - 13, 2016, San Diego, CA.
Homann-Kee Tui, S and Van Rooyen, A F and Dube, T and Kudita, S and Chivenge, P and Kondwakwenda, A and Madzonga, O and Masendeke, D and Savemore, N N and Muhambi, M (2016) Partnerships for Unlocking Potential in Groundnut Value Chains in Zimbabwe. Monograph. ICRISAT.
Sharma, H C (2016) Climate Change vis-a-vis Pest Management. In: Conference on National Priorities in Plant Health Management (Organised by Plant Protection Association of India, NBPGR, Hyderabad), February 4 - 5, 2016, Tirupati.
Kamala, V and Sivaraj, N and Pandravada, S R and Rameash, K and Sharma, H C and Sarath Babu, B (2016) Potential of Wild relatives in Sorghum Improvement through Molecular Approaches. In: Conference on National Priorities in Plant Health Management (Organised by Plant Protection Association of India, NBPGR, Hyderabad), Tirupati, February 4 - 5, 2016.
Falk, T and Shalander, K and Srigiri, S (2016) Experiment Protocol for WLE Activity on Exploring transitioning options for sustainable management of common property resources for enhancing eco-system services - comparative watershed studies from East Africa and South Asia. Technical Report. ICRISAT, Patancheru.
Mupangwa, W and Walker, S and Masvaya, E and Magombeyi, M and Munguambe, P (2016) Rainfall risk and the potential of reduced tillage systems to conserve soil water in semi-arid cropping systems of southern Africa. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 01 (01). pp. 85-101.
Vorlaufer, T and Falk, T and Dufhues, T and Kirk, M (2016) Reconciling Global and Local Benefits from Communally Managed Forests: Evidence from a Choice Experiment on PES in Zambia. In: 2016 World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty, March 14-18, 2016, World Bank, Washington DC, USA.
Ranganathswamy, M and Naik, S T and Motagi, B N (2016) Eco-friendly approaches for Aspergillus.Flavus management in groundnut. In: 41st Annual Conference : Zaria 2016 (Theme: Reviving plant protection for sustainable national growth and sustainable democracy), March 20 - 24, 2016, Notional Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) Conference Hall, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Vabi, M B and Eche, O C and Kunihya, A and Motagi, B N and Mukhtar, A A and Mohamrned, G S and Ajeigbe, H A and Eekefan, J E and Affognon, H D (2016) Pre-empting aflatoxin contamination in legume and cereal farming systems in Northern Nigeria: Case study of the groundnut value chain. In: 41st Annual Conference : Zaria 2016 (Theme: Reviving plant protection for sustainable national growth and sustainable democracy), March 20 - 24, 2016, Notional Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) Conference Hall, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Bergvinson, D (2016) Future of seed research is very bright. Agriculture Today, 19 (05). pp. 38-40.
Kane-Potaka, J (2016) Pulses are a Smart Food and important for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Pulses Handbook 2016. pp. 93-97.
Ravishankar, M and Pan, R S and Kaur, D P and Giri, R R and Anil Kumar, V and Rathore, A and Easdown, W and Nair, R M (2016) Vegetable Soybean: A Crop with Immense Potential to Improve Human Nutrition and Diversify Cropping Systems in Eastern India- A Review. Soybean Research, 14 (2). pp. 1-13.
Amede, T (2016) Decision support tools for farm-level fertilizer recommendation in Ethiopia. In: Briefing meeting USAID Mission, June 17, 2016, Addis Ababa.
Akbar, S M D and Sreeramulu, K and Sharma, H C (2016) Monitoring biosafety of pharmaceutical drugs, insecticides, and other bioactive molecules to mitochondria. Atlas of Science. 01-03.
Panwar, S and Singh, K N and Kumar, A and Sarkar, S S and Paul, R and Rathore, A and Sivaramane, N (2016) Forecasting of growth rates of wheat yield of Uttar Pradesh through non-linear growth models. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 84 (7). pp. 856-859.
Birhanu, Z B (2016) The Challenges of Rainfed Agricultural Practices in Mali-Redefining Research Agenda- A Short Communication. Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research, 04 (01). 01-03.
Shalander, K and Whitbread, A M and Bhati, T (2016) Integrated ecosystems approach for sustainable intensification of community based silvo-patoral systems in arid western Rajasthan, India: implications for upscaling. In: World Congress Silvo-Pastoral Systems: Functions, Management and Systems in a Changing World, September 26-30, 2016, Evora, Portugal.
Kergna, A and Smale, M and Assima, A and Weltzien, E and Rattunde, F (2016) The potential economic impact of guinea-race sorghum hybrids in Mali: Comparing research paradigms. In: 5th International Conference of the African Association of Agricultural Economists, September 23-26, 2016, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Mazvimavi, K (2016) Assessing the contributions of conservation agriculture to building resilience to drought, Conservation Agriculture Literature Review. Technical Report. Vuna Research Report, Pretoria, SA.
Vadez, V and Kholova, J (2016) Understanding crop physiological processes for climate resilience. In: 4th International Agronomy Congress, November 22–26, 2016, New Delhi, India.
Pattanashetti, S K and Upadhyaya, H D and Kumar, V and Narsimha Reddy, K (2016) Genetic Variability for Nutritional Traits among Wild Relatives of Pearl Millet Conserved at ICRISAT Genebank. In: 1st International Agrobiodiversity Congress, November 06 - 09, 2016, New Delhi, India.
Sastry, D V S S R and Upadhyaya, H D and Rameshbabu, V (2016) Improved Facilities and Methodologies for Regenerating Unadapted and Wild Groundnut Germplasm at ICRISAT Genebank. In: 1st International Agrobiodiversity Congress, November 06-09, 2016, New Delhi, India.
Hamidou, F and Bissala, H Y and Awel, M S and Upadhyaya, H D (2016) Abiotic Stresses Tolerance and Nutrients Contents in Groundnut, Pearl Millet and Sorghum Mini Core Collections for Food and Nutrition Security. In: 1st International Agrobiodiversity Congress, November 06-09, 2016, New Delhi, India.
Puranik, S and Philliam, A G and Ojulong, H and Yadav, R (2016) Harnessing Benefits of Finger Millet in Combating Micronutrient Malnutrition through Genetics and Genomic Approaches. In: 1st International Agrobiodiversity Congress, November 06-09, 2016, New Delhi, India.
Motagi, B N and Vabi, M B and Ajeigbe, H A and Echekwu, C A and Mohammed, S G (2016) Designing effective groundnut breeding strategies through farmers-breeder interactions in Northern Nigeria. In: 2nd International Conference on Drylands, 12th – 16th December 2016, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
This list was generated on Fri Apr 19 01:10:30 2019 UTC.


text:
<?php

namespace Onesimus\Logger;

use \Psr\Log\LogLevel;

class ErrorHandler
{
    protected $logger;

    protected $shutdownLogLevel = LogLevel::CRITICAL;

    protected $exceptionLogLevel = LogLevel::CRITICAL;

    public function __construct(Logger $logger)
    {
        $this->logger = $logger;
    }

    /**
     * Register the error handler in Logger for PHP errors
     */
    public function registerErrorHandler()
    {
        set_error_handler(array($this, 'PHPErrorHandler'));
    }

    /**
     * Register the shutdown handler in Logger for critical PHP failures
     */
    public function registerShutdownHandler($loglevel = LogLevel::CRITICAL)
    {
        register_shutdown_function(array($this, 'PHPShutdownHandler'));
        $this->shutdownLogLevel = $loglevel;
    }

    /**
     * Register the exception handler in Logger for unhandled PHP exceptions
     */
    public function registerExceptionHandler($loglevel = LogLevel::CRITICAL)
    {
        set_exception_handler(array($this, 'PHPExceptionHandler'));
        $this->exceptionLogLevel = $loglevel;
    }

    /**
     * Logger provided error handler
     */
    public function PHPErrorHandler($error_level, $error_message, $error_file, $error_line, $error_context)
    {
        $message = $error_message . ' | File: {file} | Ln: {line}';
        $context = array(
            'file' => $error_file,
            'line' => $error_line
        );

        switch ($error_level) {
            case E_USER_ERROR:
                // no break
            case E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR:
                $this->logger->error($message, $context);
                break;
            case E_WARNING:
                // no break
            case E_USER_WARNING:
                $this->logger->warning($message, $context);
                break;
            case E_NOTICE:
                // no break
            case E_USER_NOTICE:
                $this->logger->notice($message, $context);
                break;
            case E_STRICT:
                $this->logger->debug($message, $context);
                break;
            default:
                $this->logger->warning($message, $context);
        }
        return;
    }

    /**
     * Logger provided shutdown handler
     */
    public function PHPShutdownHandler()
    {
        session_write_close();
        if ($lasterror = error_get_last()) {
            $message = $lasterror['message'] . ' | File: {file} | Ln: {line}';
            $context = array(
                'file' => $lasterror['file'],
                'line' => $lasterror['line']
            );
            $this->logger->log($this->shutdownLogLevel, $message, $context);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Logger provided uncaught Exception handler
     */
    public function PHPExceptionHandler($exception)
    {
        session_write_close();
        $message = $exception->getMessage() . ' | File: {file} | Ln: {line} | ST: {stacktrace}';
        $context = array(
            'file' => $exception->getFile(),
            'line' => $exception->getLine(),
            'stacktrace' => $exception->getTraceAsString()
        );
        $this->logger->log($this->exceptionLogLevel, $message, $context);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Kage Baker enjoyed, and approved of, modern conveniences. As long as they worked. And behaved themselves.
She loved someone in her immediate vicinity having a phone that would work anywhere; she preferred that it not be her, because she didn't want to be easily found nor to answer the damned phone. She liked electricity – she liked even more having battery operated standbys for all her toys that needed electricity to work. So she had a hierarchy of devices: her desktop computer – then her Buke, that would work on batteries – then my Smartphone, ditto – and then pads and pens for when she needed to write, all the batteries were dead, and one of the smaller devices was busily recharging on the hand-cranked charger.
We were saving up for a generator, too.
Lighting was no problem, ever; we lit the house by candles and oil lamps at need and whim, and had plenty of both. We had fire-starters ranging from the culinary blowtorch I used for creme brullee to the flint and steel Kage kept on her desk (and knew how to use). At one point we had a power outage during a move, when most of our stuff was still in boxes – Kage made a rush light out of pencil-sharpener scraps and olive oil in a big clam shell, and we were fine.
Anyway, the system worked for us. It still works; Kimberly keeps her house in the heat just the way we did.
Right now, it's 91 degrees here. A hot wind full of the scents of hot stone and grilling meat is blowing outside. There are waves 15 feet tall expected down at all the beaches, but there's also a couple of million overheated people down there lusting after them – I've got no desire to join the heat lemmings. And at least the humidity is behaving itself. Everyone is watching the hills anxiously for signs of smoke, but at least no one is having to grow gills.
Here in our household, all the drapes were drawn at dawn. (Say that 3 times fast, as Kage used to challenge …) All the windows were wide open all night, to let the coolth in; now the house is shut up and radiating heat in all directions except inside. The A/C cools the core of the house, and then a series of fans – staged in overlapping zones, like mirrors lighting the tunnels of a pyramid – stirs the cooler air out to the edges of the building. Getting near the windows on the borders is thus like strolling by a furnace, but no one's really inclined to stare out at the heat shimmering above the street anyway.
The lights are all off – I believe, virtuously, that this will lessen our load on the electricity grid. Which is nice, since at least 3 devices with self-illuminated screens are lit all the time. The cold blue lunar light of the cathode ray tube no longer spills from the telly or our computers: it's a fuller spectrum light, now, LED or high-definition pixils or (for all I know) super-excited atoms of noble gasses phosphorescing in 16 million colours. Not the light that lit so many of our childhood insomniac nights, Kage and I – but one softer and more like the daylight we daren't let into the house with its freight of unwanted IR and UV.
Man, Kage loved those glowing screens! So much easier to write in the cool dimness when your "paper" sheds a helpful glow over your fingers!
I'm combating the heat as best I can, and writing as much as possible. Blue squirrels are continuing their adventures,heading into a space that is still wrapped in fog for me – although I believe a Bambi-style forest fire is going to provide an epic denouement to "The Teddy Bear Squad". And when it all get just to wearisome hot to cope, I can retire with my Kindle and read off yet another glowing screen.
Kage would have loved it.
A small point of pride: we keep a flint and steel by our stove, with which we re-light the pilot light, when it goes out. Works just fine, and we feel so very virtuous.
It's a neat thing to know how to do, Buffalo – like how to build a fire so you can actually cook over it. I love retro tech!
I just want to say, this is a wonderful thing you're doing. I never met Kage, but when she died I sobbed like a baby…I couldn't even stand to read your blog because it hurt. I hope that doesn't sound impertinent. Years later now, I was re-reading one of her stories (I re-read her stuff all the time), "Miss Yahoo Has Her Say," and it was so good, so perfect, so compassionate, that I sobbed all over again at the unfairness that she had to die so young. I'm going back through your blog now and it's wonderful to expand my understanding of Kage the person.
Thank you, Stephanie. And I'm glad you're getting something out of my scribbles. This blog is how I keep Kage in the world.


Fokus!MBT is an integrated test modeling environment that guides the user along the methodology of Fokus!MBT and thereby simplifies the creation of the underlying test model. A test model includes test relevant structural, behavioral and methodical information. By formalization, the tester's knowledge can be machinably preserved as well as evaluated and exploited at any time – for instance to generate further testspecific artifacts, such as test cases and test scripts. Another benefit of the test model is the possibility to visualize and to document test specifications. The modeling notation used by Fokus!MBT is the UML Testing Profile (UTP) specified by the Object Management Group. It is a test-specific extension of the Unified Modeling Language (UML), which is prevalently used in industry. This enables testers to rely on the same language concepts as system architects and requirement engineers and, therefore, to overcome communication problems and to support the mutual comprehension.
Fokus!MBT is based on the flexible Eclipse RCP platform, the Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) and Eclipse Papyrus and it perfectly works in the ModelBus® environment. The validation of the system under test concerning its requirements is the main target of all testing activities. Thereby, the consequent and continuous traceability among requirements and test artifacts – especially amongrequirements and test cases – is indispensable, but not sufficient. Fokus!MBT takes a major step forward by integrating the test execution results into the test model's inherent traceability network. This establishes a consistent traceability network between requirement, test case, test script and test execution results, making conclusions about the coverage of the particular requirement or the test progress itself immediately calculable. Furthermore, the visualization of the test execution results allows a detailed analysis of the test execution flow to preprocess and, ultimately, to evaluate the test results.
The ModelBus Team at the System Quality Center at Fraunhofer FOKUS provides tools and services for improving system engineering processes. Being part of Fraunhofer - Europe's largest application-oriented research organization - our work focusses on efficiency in system development.


Book clubs are invited to participate in the Eugene & Marilyn Glick Indiana Authors Award activities in a number of ways.
Select an Award winner's or finalist's book for your next book club discussion. The Indiana Humanities Council Novel Conversations program has sets of books from winners and finalists that can be loaned to book clubs statewide.
Use a Reading Guide to spark conversation about works from 2017 winners and finalists.
Enjoy a night on the town as you and your fellow book club members toast the winning Indiana Authors! Book club members can purchase a table at the Award Dinner at a special rate.
Nominate an author for the 2018 Eugene & Marilyn Glick Indiana Authors Award. Nominations will be open from February 5 - March 16, 2018.
Join us for a day of free writing workshops, panels and author meet and greets at the 2018 Meet an Author, Be an Author event on October 13, 2018 at Central Library.


The dissolution process has been started after taking into account all legal aspects.
LUCKNOW -- The Uttar Pradesh government on Thursday announced dissolving the Shia and Sunni waqf boards in the state in the wake of corruption charges against them.
Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath has assented to the dissolution of the boards, Minister of State for Waqf Mohsin Raza told PTI.
The dissolution process has been started after taking into account all legal aspects, the minister said.
An inquiry conducted by the Waqf Council of India had also found many irregularities in this regard.
The role of the chairman of the Shia Waqf Board, Wasim Rizvi, as well as the minister for waqf in the previous Samajwadi Party government, Azam Khan, had come under scanner after the inquiry by the Waqf Council of India.
Barely a fortnight after the SP suffered a humiliating defeat in the Uttar Pradesh Assembly polls, a report by the fact-finding committee of the Central Waqf Council (CWC) indicted Khan -- one of the controversial ministers in the erstwhile Akhilesh Yadav government -- of corruption, mismanagement and misuse of office.
The fact-finding committee, constituted after the CWC received several complaints from UP, was headed by Syed Ejaz Abbas Naqvi, who is also the in-charge of Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand waqf boards.
Raza had recently handed over separate reports of the Waqf Council with regard to the two boards to the Chief Minister.
The committee in its report elaborated on how Khan as minister allegedly misused his position to grab properties under the boards.
It said Khan made a trust — Maulana Johar Ali Education Trust — and diverted funds from waqf properties to it.
The report pointed out discrepancies in maintaining rent collection records on Waqf properties.
It recommended that the Uttar Pradesh Waqf Board be dissolved immediately and all accused officials be barred from entering waqf offices pending investigation.
Khan has, however, maintained that he was absolutely clean and the allegations against him were baseless.


Thomas Tuchel and Antonio Conte are on the shortlist to succeed Unai Emery as manager of PSG, the Guardian reports.
Next is a slightly easier fixture versus Udinese, and then comes the crunch.
The Bundesliga side are believed to want close to 40m euros for the left-back but he isn't the only Dortmund player Tuchel has his eye on.
Now, in Danny Drinkwater and Tiemoue Bakayoko, they have players who can fill any role from Premier League starter to domestic cup depth potentially looking for a way out. But the former title-winner arrived having just recovered from a thigh problem.
The Ivorian, who mainly plays as a box-to-box midfielder, has made 117 appearances for Nice, scoring 11 goals and assisting 23 further strikes.
Chelsea also signed Ross Barkley for £18 million in January. Since his return, he has had lots of smaller injuries which has scuppered his integration into the team.
Matic had forged a great partnership in a two-man midfield with Kante in last season's title win.
"What was working last season with Conte cannot suddenly not work this season", Desailly told the Chelsea-legend-Marcel-Desailly-urges-club-stick-Antonio-Conte.html" Daily Mail.
After going 13 games without scoring, Morata ended his drought in the FA Cup last month against Leicester. He believes that a 1-1 draw with West Ham summed up his season as he sat dejected in front of the press. Pepe Reina has been identified as a potential replacement for Gianluigi Donnarumma with the 19-year-old being tipped to leave the San Siro when the season ends.
That said - whether they win the title this year or not - it seems the most likely outcome is that Maurizio Sarri will continue his work in Naples, however in football it's always wise to expect the unexpected.
Chelsea have also been linked with Max Allegri and Luis Enrique among others.
In Peters's case, the question happened to refer to one of the biggest conspiracy theories that people believe about Facebook . Confusing terms of service written in hard-to-understand language obscure the true nature of the agreement.


BOTH STUDENT ID AND GOVERNMENT ID REQUIRED.
NAME ON TICKET MUST MATCH THE ONE ON YOUR GOVERNMENT ID.
DO NOT BUY RESOLD TICKETS FROM ANYONE.
LIVE PERFORMANCE On The Night By MR 'GUN LEAN'' RUSS HIMSELF!!!
RETURN TIME: 3:15am - Gillingham Train Station Back To Canterbury (University Keynes College Stop (A) For UKC Students Or Canterbury Bus Station For CCCU Students.
MAKE SURE YOU ARE ON TIME AS THE COACH WILL NOT WAIT FOR NO ONE!!!
THIS EVENT WILL 100% SELL OUT, MAKE SURE YOU SECURE YOUR TICKETS FROM EARLY!!!!!!!!!!!
TICKETS WILL BE £20 ON THE DOOR.
Q : Do I need to bring GOVERNMENT ID/STUDENT ID?
A: Yes, both forms of ID will be required upon entry, security will refuse admittance to venue if either physical government ID along with student ID is not shown e.g. Provisional/Full UK Driving License Photocard or Passport.
Q : What time will doors close?
Q : Is there an age requirement to be able to attend this event?
A : Yes, you must be at least 18 years of age.
Q : What is the dresscode?


Just a quick post, as I am fairly sure these nails will be gone-zo after tomorrow, which makes me a sadface, but such is life. I apologize for the chips already. Work.. Ruins everything.. But I also like money.. Such a rude cycle!
I got the idea for these gems HERE and came up with.. well, that which you see above! I like that her lines are more.. free? Despite my best efforts to not follow a pattern, I still see a slight pattern. I can never just let go! Some day.. or week.. or month.. year maybe?
Also.. Watermarking.. The little corner watermark that I used in these or the old diagonal action I used in some of my old posts.. Lemme know!!
I used: Orly Mirror Mirror, CGs Peachy Keen, Re-Fresh Mint and Lemon Fizz as well as OPI Shorts Story.
The reason I tossed in my base polish and top polish is to show I have swapped for now. I usually use China Glaze Strong Adhesion Base Coat - and I still absolutely love it - but I am seriously falling for this Nail Life Gripper polish. Lesigh. So nice! I will be going back to my Seche Vite top coat asap though.. This Barielle speed dry is just not cutting it! Also, with Seche, I can do my designs/art and instantly apply. With this bad boy, I allow my work to sit for a few moments before applying (to give it a fair shot) and it still DRAGS the polish. Lame!
Also.. I am such a genius (note: sarcasm) I LOST the battery charger for my new camera. I have seriously searched every conceivable place for it.. So disappointed in myself. For now I have to use my old camera (which I had graciously handed over to my brother, then not so graciously took it back.. for now!) I went to Best Buy to try and buy another charger, but they are ridiculously expensive (plus, at the time, I was extremely sick and had a gross coughing fit in the store.. I keep it classy).. Thank God for ebay is all I have to say. I am hoping to get the set I ordered some time next week.. Fingers crossed!!
I hope everyone is having an amazing weekend!!
Zara - Thanks.. I agree, the design that was made was amazing.. I am happy to be able to do a slight replication!! And with colours that I really like!!
Danielle - Thank you, thank you!!
DesertNails8 - Haha! Yes! That is exactly what it is! Coughing up a lung with the ever so classy 'lung butter'.. The cough isn't as frequent now, but it is still just as terrible. I am almost thinking I am dealing with pneumonia.. Fun fun!
shortwidenails - Ask and you shall receive.. I do warn you though.. It is pretty scary! I tried to organize it a time or three.. Serious business! I don't have done out in deco.. I was going to use A Grape Fit (as it is what I have) - Did I mention a polish that I love that I need more of? There are many!!
ABOP - Yay! Thank you so much.. I am happy that my recreation didn't disappoint!!


Crafting By Designs: Holiday Anything Goes!
Hello! For a mistake I made, my entry doesn't show my image work. Can you delete it so I link again it correctly? Thanks.
What a great way to end the year...wonderful sponsors and delightful design team inspirations. Thank you!
Gorgeous inspiration projects and cards by your DT! Thank you to your generous sponsors too! What a line-up! Great challenge, thank you!
Sorry, For a mistake I made, my entry doesn't show my image work. Can you delete it so I link again it correctly? Thanks.
Happy new year. Thanks for the challenge. The DT work was very inspiring.


This month, Toronto Guardian and Hinge are partnering to present the inaugural Toronto Guardian Photo Competition and we're stoked to be their official pizza supplier!
You know we're all about the #pizzalove, but we've got a lot of love for music too! Celebrating its 12th anniversary showcasing some of the best independent musical talent, Indie Week kicks off next week with a HUGE opening party at the Burroughs, featuring special guest DJ Mike Joyce from the Smiths. We're hookin' up the crowd with fresh pizza to get the celebrations started!
Movies and pizza are like the Thelma and Louise of culinary delights and given that the Toronto Regent Park Film Festival is fast approaching, our Gerrard Street location is pumped to fuel all 150 of their volunteers with fresh pizza during the festivities.
Last week, we had the opportunity to fuel The One Project's latest #TheOneProjectHootup at the Hootsuite HQ to support Mental Illness Awareness Week… And we we were honoured to be a part of it! We hope everyone enjoyed their #RandomActsOfPizza while learning, networking and discussing a very important cause!
Shoot For A Cure is an upcoming high school girls' basketball tournament taking place at Ryerson University, but the tourni is more than just shooting hoops and playing ball – all the proceeds raised will go toward the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation.
Before the first round of games begin, there will be a presentation on teamwork, competition, health and the realities of breast cancer from high-profile coaching staff, Team Canada players, and members of the Breast Cancer Foundation and we're honoured to say that our Gerrard street location is fueling the teammates and attendees with a fresh pizza dinner.
At Panago, we believe in supporting the communities that we call home. That's why on October 15th, our Gerrard Street location will fuel all the attendees of WESP Connect 2015. Hosted by the Canadian Council on Rehabilitation and Work< the WESP is Toronto's premier professional networking event for persons with disabilities.
The 16th Annual Vancouver International Improv Festival started this week and we can't wait to see what's in store. Some of the world's best improvisers will be at Performance Works Theatre, Waterfront Theatre and The Improv Centre for a week of "mind-expanding and mind-blowing comedy" and our West Broadway location is STOKED to fuel their closing party with a midnight snack to keep the celebrations going!


Announce, showcase and discuss your own Ecere/eC projects and read about other users' software built with the Ecere SDK.
Introduce yourself to the community and warmly welcome new users here.
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text:
The Witch's Bone: Black Cat and Hexing Tradition
The Witch-Bone
Warning: disturbing content relating to animal folklore and witchcraft
All it takes, in the eyes of some of our early American ancestors, is the bone of a black cat to make a witch. It's a simple initiation into the dark works through the terrifying and terrible magic of witch bones. As folklore in the South would put it, a witch bone was used to "control cattle, horses, or women as user wishes", it could also grant desires, invisibility and unlock doors. The "witch bone" in American folklore was a marvel, it could be used to control animals at will- particularly horses (mirroring the Toadman tradition of England), and, even to fly. Interestingly enough, it was obtaining a witch bone that could make a person into a witch according to our folklore. The toad-witches and toad-masters of English supernaturalism have witchbones which provide them with their power. The witches of the New World were said to have witch bones of a black cat most often, which provides them with their power. There's much to be fascinated by with this particularly cruel, but common bit of Americana. Its cross-cultural parallels are pretty wide-ranging, and its method of obtainment, a boiling cauldron of horror.
"Carry black-cat bones and you will have the powers of a magician"- Ray Broadus Browne, Alabama Folklore, Folklore Studies (1957)
Different cultures have their own folklore regarding the possession of a bone or object of power from an animal. These days we think of lucky rabbit's foot or gator's teeth when we think of this tradition of magic, but moles, like toads and cats, were also perfectly suitable victims of magicians, shamans, witches or others looking to obtain substantial mystical power. In the case of the mole, it was the paw or organs taken, not the bones, but the concept is the same: killing for power. Possession of a sacred object, including a bone from some sacred witching animal, is a staple of witchcraft across the cultural spectrum. I for one, am both horrified and intrigued by this magic- but then again, I love cross-cultural parallels in magic, it only serves to bolster my sense of identity as a mixed pagan and an American. One thing about witches that is universal is our association with animals, and of all the animals in the world associated with witchery, the black cat is probably top-dog.
"Amulets of animal bone appear to be both ancient and worldwide. The magical power of the black cat bone and its associated rituals have been documented, in nearly identical forms, in Hungary, Finland, and Ireland, as well as countries colonized by Europeans, including the United States, Canada, the Philippines, and the Cape Verde Islands. The English "Toadmen" tradition is strikingly parallel. When the proper bone from a toad is recovered through rituals very similar to those of the black cat, its owner acquires a variety of uncanny powers, including the abilities to become invisible, cure various ailments, and attract good fortune."- by Anand Prahlad, African American Folklore: An Encyclopedia for Students: An Encyclopedia for Students (p.31)
Though witch bones appear throughout a wide range of Southern folklore, the earliest instances found of black cat bone magic appear to center around German Canadian, African American, and Afro Caribbean sources and is featured in hoodoo and conjure charms. It's likely that witch bone lore in America is at least in parts, a synthesis of European, Indigenous and African magical superstitions put together. Most of the lore we've collected and studied comes to us from sources in New England, the Midwest (specifically German settled areas) and the Southeast among black communities, where there's a long tradition of syncretic superstitions practiced by whites, blacks and others alike. "There is a superstition among the Southern negroes that a particular bone in the tail of a perfectly black cat, when carried by any person, renders them invisible. The animal must be placed in a pot alive, and boiled."- C.L Daniels, Encyclopedia of Superstitions, Folklore, and the Occult Sciences of the World
In Southern folklore, a lucky cat bone is a common ingredient in hoodoo charms as well as a known protective charm for the holder. It wasn't considered a safe or benign magic, no, the black cat bone had a history of drawing fear and apprehension, especially in rural African American communities who saw the bone as potentially very powerful.
"The power of a witch or a wizard to banish at will is obtained from some bone of a black cat."-Frank C. Brown, The Frank C. Brown Collection of NC Folklore: Vol. VII: Popular Beliefs and Superstitions from North Carolina, Part 2
The black cat witch bone was purportedly used as an auspicious charm in addition to being regarded as a witch's relic. There's a few theories as to why cats appear most prominently as the source of a witch bone: cat's standing association with witchcraft and magic, their history as being creatures of the otherworld, their being known as companions for the lonely and elderly, the idea that witches can shape-shift, fly or hex people in that form... The cat itself was believed in early American folklore to have a specific bone in its body that was auspicious and powerful. A black cat, from the perspective of African American folklore, was particularly useful in this regard as they were perceived as more "otherworldly" and "evil". As you can imagine, the old witches weren't said to wait until their cats died to get the bone, rather, they took the bone after killing the cat. That was rather the point.
"The Black Cat Bone, on the other hand, is a much more sinister object, at least in the manner in which it is purportedly collected. According to folklore the black cat has within its body a single bone with magical properties, properties transferable to the man or woman who possesses it."- Journal of the Folklore Institute
The idea is; that one could kill a witch by obtaining and destroying her bone- the bone granted to them by their pact with otherworldly forces which contained not only their power but their life force. Witch bones were much like magic roots and lodestones in that way, a magical object with a life of its own- perhaps even possessed by a spirit or devil- which gave luck and power to the holder. As always in American witchlore, what can make a witch can also destroy her, and so the witch bone is a double-edged magic; it may give you initiatory powers, but in the hands of your enemy, your bone could be your undoing. The general idea is, if the witch is made by the bone and it is the resting place of her power which she had traded her immortal soul to obtain, then by taking that power away and breaking it, she would be rendered impotent or dead; "Take the witch's magic black cat's bone away from her, and she cannot cast any more spells."- Joseph D. Clark, Joseph Deadrick Clark, Beastly Folklore (1968). This applies to a witch's knots, roots, silver bullet, lodestone or mojo bag- that which gave her power can be used to destroy him as well. That's the nature of witchlore- there's always an ironic loophole.
Boiled Cat and Dried Toad
There were a few ways you could become a witch by obtaining a witch-bone according to folklore, and none were very pleasant. If you wished to be a witch or magician with the powers of conversation, eloquence, divination, healing and legal acumen, you would smother the mole. If you wanted to have the power to speak to horses and change skins or draw love to yourself, you would stake the toad;
"46. Shut a toad in a box bored full of holes, place near an ant hill, and leave it until the toad dies and the ants clean the bones. A certain hook-shaped bone is to be taken as a love charm. If this is fastened in the sleeve of a girl she will marry you. -Pennsylvania."- Memoirs of the American Folk-lore Society
And, if you wanted the power of protection and wealth, you would cut the foot off the rabbit, and if you wanted to gain the power of luck, flight, and invisibility, you would boil the cat. The mole, toad, rabbit, and cat are all allies to the witch of old, and their sacrifice was said to grant power to the one who did the deed. An unpleasant aspect of our practice to be sure and the folklore of obtaining cat bone was particularly gruesome...
"To become a witch, drop a live black cat into a black kettle of boiling water. (If I remember correctly, the time specified was midnight.) When the flesh has separated from the bones, collect all the bones, take them to the river, and drop them in. No matter how swift the water is, one of the bones will rise and float up the stream. This is the witch-bone, and as long as you keep it, you are a witch."- The Frank C. Brown Collection of NC Folklore: Vol. VII: Popular Beliefs and Superstitions from North Carolina, Part 2
Much like the toad-witching of England, the cat-witching of America required some gruesome actions that are, thankfully, unacceptable today.
"-and the Devil took her in: told her, like he done the others, all about how to be a witch-- boillin' a black cat at sun-up on the east side of a mountain to get the witch bone shootin at the sun with a silver bullet, and washin' your hands in a spring nine times with strong lye soap and sayin every time you rinse,
"I wash my soul as free from grace,
as my two hands are free of grease!"
-Richard Chase, American Folk Tales and Songs
Despite the horrors of how witch bones are obtained in folklore, they're an incredibly fun bit of magic with some real applications for modern witches. Like most old folk charms, there are possible ways to adapt these old charms for the modern world and our modern sensibilities. But where our ancestors were concerned, a witch bone was serious business and had to be obtained through some specific, icky, formulas. Witches of old were said to drown the cat, or burn it- and whatever bone survives is your witchbone, however, the formula tends to be a little more involved than that:
"Zora Neale Hurston, In Mules and Men: Negro Folktales and Voodoo Practice in the South (1935), explains the importance of the black cat bones in hoodoo and describes a ceremony for selecting the correct bone by boiling the cat and passing the bones through her mouth until one tasted bitter (221). Puckett describes a similar ceremony where the person should pass the bones through the mouth while looking into a mirror." -Lynn Moss Sanders, Howard W. Odum's Folklore Odyssey: Transformation to Tolerance Through African American Folk Studies
Fire played a role in witch bone selection; supposedly the witch bone does not burn during the selection process and that is its signature. Water plays a role in this tradition of magic, as the medium that reveals the true bone to the witch- either by way of rushing river, boiling pot or saliva from the mouth.
"--Others say the cat should be cooked in a graveyard and the bones thrown into running water. The one that will go upstream is the proper one." Puckett, Folk Beliefs of the Southern Negro
A graveyard was an ideal place for this magic, for an animal caught there was considered to be a powerful spell additive. When the bones are separated from the flesh, they are cast into the river and the bone that floats is the witch. Or, according to some Southern folkore, "When this has been done, take the bones together with a small mirror and go to some cross-roads in the woods where no one will see you." This secret working of dark magic in a liminal space such as a graveyard or a crossroads is prevalent in witchlore of the Americas. The utilization of a mirror, an object of deep superstition and malefic regard had its place in witch bone magic just as water and fire. Newbell Niles Puckett continues, "Stand directly between the forks with your back to the straight road holding the mirror up before you so that the road behind is reflected." As you do this, you are to pass the bones over your tongue, and when you've reached the right bone- rather than a bitter taste as Zora described, one would see the mirror go dark. This darkness is the sigil of the witch bone obtained. Midnight also plays a role in this magic (as it does in most American folklore), as it is the ideal time in which to obtain a lucky bone after casting cat bones into running water, simply by boiling the cat and saying, "I now give my body to the King of Bedlam."
The Invisible Bone & The Cat's Revenge
"Take a black cat and carry it alive down to a spring of running water; next take a pot and fill it with water and put it over a fire to boil. When the water begins to boil, put the black cat in it alive and let the cat boil until all the meat has been boiled from its bones. When this has been done, pour the contents of the pot into the spring, and the bones of the cat will go up the stream instead of down the stream. The person who has done this will begin to see the devil and all of his imps." Journal of American Folklore
When I think of the witch bone in the modern era, I'm not interpreting the lore literally. Rather, I see the "bone" in a figurative sense; a talisman or amulet of some kind which provides spiritual aid to the practitioner who obtained it. That's because a bone isn't the only spirited object that witches form alliances with or are initiated by in North American witchlore; a sacred root, lodestone or mojo bag could provide the same witching power as well.
Maybe we symbolize and personify this force in the shape of our bones, or talismans of power, but the true place from which a witch's power is delivered is sourced from the otherworld and flows through that puncture, that portal within us that stores all of our creativity, imagination, and willpower. Obtaining the bone of a toad or cat won't necessarily make you a witch in my opinion, but they were once known to act as mediums for facilitating between you and the spirit world in a way that may otherwise be more difficult. Your witch bone may be a silver talisman, or alraun, or mojo bag full of mysteries, or maybe it is hidden inside you from the beginning. Objects of power come in a great many shapes and forms, at different times of your life. They'll present themselves, they'll put themselves in your way and automatically draw you to them. However...
Witch bones are different; they're the kind of magic you seize by the hand with a choking grip. It is witchcraft that is wrestled away from the life of another creature. This is a difference in magic, the kind of distinction that gives rise to the notion of black vs white magic. I don't believe in moral duality- a witch ought to know better than that, but there is a big difference between being gifted your power and seizing power for yourself. I make no judgments of either path: witches will witch. Frankly, obtaining a witch bone can be adapted to a more modern moral palate; there are other ways of gaining a powerful ally like a witch bone than through boiling a cat or staking a toad. However, you or anyone else chooses to go about obtaining your so-called "witch-bone", be wary, lest this piece of yourself is discovered and taken- breaking you and your witchcraft to pieces, rendering you dead of power and without a soul. Think on that before you start the boiling pot...
References...
African American Folklore: An Encyclopedia for Students: An Encyclopedia for Students by Anand Prahlad
The Frank C. Brown Collection of NC Folklore: Vol. VII
Journal of the Folklore Institute, Volume 16 by Indiana University
Seneca Myths and Folk Tales by Arthur Caswell Parker
American Folk Tales and Songs by Richard Chase
Howard W. Odum's Folklore Odyssey: Transformation to Tolerance Through African American Folk Studies by Lynn Moss Sanders
Folk Beliefs of the Southern Negro by Newbell Niles Puckett
Mules and Men: Negro Folktales and Voodoo Practice in the South by Zora Neale Hurston
Type and Motif-Index of the Folktales of England and North America by Ernest W. Baughman
North American Witchcraft, Traditional & Folkloric
2018 was the year of line-drawing occult art. Trends come and go but line-art and etching-style occult art never go out of style for us witches. Black and white is the new style du jour in the tarot community, and I expect it's going to last a bit. Like many of you, I'm a little tired of the hyper-colored, digital art extreme that tarot took in the mid 2000's so I'm enjoying this return to traditional, monochromatic simplistic designs. The last few decks I've reviewed (Ophidia Rosa, Absurd and Mildred Payne) were all moving towards this new edge in tarotcraft, relying on less color and more illustration. Well, 2019 is here and I've got some decks from last year that you are sure to add to your collection once you've seen them.
For me, there were four stand-out decks from 2018: The Bianco Nero, The Line Defined, The Moon Void and The Marigold Tarot (which I'm leaving out because it already received it's own review HERE). I was a backer for Marigold and Line Defined on kickstarter, which is honestly one of the best ways to stay ahead of the crowd when it comes to up and coming tarot decks, artists and editions. The Bianco I discovered at a pagan fair over the summer and the Moon Void fell into my lap while binging on tarot reviews.
Let's take a look at my Top Tarot Decks of 2018
3. Bianco Nero Tarot
Likes: the slim card-stock- I'm seeing a trend of fatter, heavier card-stock and I don't love it when it comes to shuffles, but the Bianco is slim, smooth and skinny enough to move in my hands like butter. The illustrations are classic and realistic, beautifully detailed, with a ton of hidden symbolism.
Thoughts: Mr. Marco Proietto, make another deck just like this one, but with my adorable face on every card. You'll sell millions!
2. The Line Defined Tarot
Likes: the rough gold edging, the detailed lines, the symmetry and balance; I love how life and death are depicted in every card.
Thoughts: This was a worthy backing, I think this artist could make a few really fascinating decks.
1. The Moon Void Tarot
Likes: Every card is full of self expression and I love the splashes of red here and there to break up the monotony of the black and white. It's both feminine and soft without losing its edgy modernism, I adore it.
Thoughts: None, buy this deck.
2019 Up-and-Coming Nods
The Philly Tarot
Follow HERE
Bruuuuhhhhh you have no idea how much this deck just tickles my patriotic fancy, but most importantly (and real the reason I'm backing and buying his deck) is Frank from It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia will be gracing the World Card. I literally need nothing else in life but this card. The art looks great and the theme is a combination of pride and humor, but nothing will sell a deck like Danny DeVito. Philly Tarot, shut-up and take my money.
Cartomancy, The Eye
Witch Balls & Witch Bullets
"They kill cattle by shooting them with balls of hair, stunt the growth of children, make cows go dry, prevent the formation of butter and soap, and inflict a variety of personal injuries and domestic misfortunes."- Journal of American Folklore
I'm not normally one to espouse the use of harmful charms, but I do respect their history and their value. Nothing is more witchy than a good hex, and the New World has a particular tradition of cursing and hex charms that are ever so interesting to reclaim in our modern practices. Our baleful charms are those involving dolls, knots, needles, powders, potions, and yes, even hairballs.
"Witches are supposed to shoot animals with little hairballs, which pass through the hide and lodge, without leaving any hole."- Cora L. Daniels, Encyclopedia of Superstitions, Folklore, and the Occult Sciences of the World
There are two kinds of "witch balls": those of Western European origin, made of glass, designed to negate or redirect the influence of an evil spirit or a witch, and, those of New World make which are balls of cattle or horsehair rolled with an adhesive substance into a small ball which is then used in cursing spells. One is to avert witchcraft, the other is an expression of malicious witchcraft, or, counter-magic, or, an apotropaic charm.
"A small bunch of hair from a horse or cow is rolled between the two hands into a small round ball, and this ball is used as a bullet. In whatever part the ball hits the picture, in the corresponding part of the victim, a wound is inflicted." -Journal of American Folklore
Actual accounts of witch-bullets being used to harm people and livestock have been recorded throughout the last few hundred years, with reports detailing physical evidence of injury and even naming some of those witches, conjurers, and sorcerers accused of practicing this magic. Conversely, the average non-witch folk charmer often resorted to hairballs as an anti-witch charm. "In some of the states, a spell may be put upon a man by burying a "hair-ball" (one of the compact balls of hair often found by butchers in the stomachs of cows or oxen) under his doorstep. This object (powerful, because peculiar) may also be carried about as an amulet to protect one from spells."- Newbell Niles Puckett, Folk Beliefs of the Southern Negro (1926)
Effingham County Illinois folklore regards witch balls as a charm that can be shot against a witch. And just as silver bullets (another traditional charm with European parallels whose real-life applications seem to appear mostly in American gun magic folklore) were used to both create and destroy witches the simple hairball could have this power.
"Among their evil acts, they would transform unwitting sleepers into horses and ride them, bewitch cattle to stop them from giving milk, and kill or injure victims by throwing witch balls, made of hair from cows or horses, at pictures of their victims." -Jeffrey E. Anderson, Conjure in African American Society
Where the hair-balls are concerned, witches in Kentucky, Illinois and Indiana folklore, were said to roll these little hairballs into bullets to be used in a form of sympathetic magic in which the balls were shot at pictures or depictions of one's enemy. It was believed that if one were to die from this magic, a ball of hair would be found within the victim. These differ greatly from the famed bezoars, which were said to have valuable, beneficial qualities. "Randolph notes witch balls described as being the size of a marble made of black horsehair, and another one made of black hair and beeswax that was rolled up into a hard pellet. The belief is that a hairball (or witch bullet) could be thrown or shot at a person by a witch. This hairball (or bullet) would be found on the body of anyone killed by this method."-Gerald Milnes, Signs, Cures, & Witchery: German Appalachian Folklore (p. 168)
Mentions in both story-telling and in recorded reports stretch throughout the South and Midwest, cited most frequently in the Carolinas, Virginia, Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Delaware, Tennessee, Iowa, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and even Michigan.
"The concept of supernatural shooting was common to all, but the notion that witches fired balls or bullets seems to have developed from Native American conceptualization of European technology within a supernatural framework of disease, which then was passed back to the European colonizers."-Owen Davies, America Bewitched (p.41-42)
Cattle-Killer
"Conjure balls, snakes, and all kinds of reptiles are often found in the beds of those who have been 'conjured'."- Journal of American Folklore
Conjure balls were not unlike witch bullets, with more parallels to West African hex charms- these usually took the form of small bundles or mud balls filled with hair, rags, and pins. The purpose of this magic is to cause living things within or internal turmoil, leading to death most often if not treated by a witch-doctor. Where conjure balls were concerned, it was regularly described as a ball of earth gathered from the homestead of the victim, hair (the specific number was usually not referenced but one Indiana bit of lore suggests seven or nine pieces were to be used), red knotted rag and the tips of nails, combined together and thrown at a house, above a door or in the path of a victim.
"The 'cungur bag' may contain many articles, but additional value is given if it contains camel's hair procured from the camel by the possessor of the bag."- Journal of American Folklore
Or, the ball was described as an actual bundle in red cloth full of similar items, items which will cause great illness both physically and spiritually. In parts of Louisiana conjure traditions, the conjure ball is worn on the person and its ingredients are not always known, as it is prepared by an experienced conjurer or witch-doctor. In Texas folk medicine, a conjure ball was to be worn on the person as an apotropaic anti-witch charm. This form of Afro-diasporic magic permeated the lore of hoodoo, voodoo and conjure and found parallels in the Western-European American and Southeast Indigenous projectile magic traditions. "A spell was usually worked by means of a conjure ball buried in the victim's path. Bent pins and human hair seem to have been the commonest ingredients, though they were reported to contain snake's tongues, lizard tails, ground puppy claws and so on down the gruesome gamut."-Frank C. Brown, Frank C. Brown Collection of North Carolina Folklore: Popular Beliefs and Superstitions from North Carolina
This form of sympathetic magic became a staple part of witch-lore throughout much of the South, Southeast, and Midwest, and was exclusively tied to the act of cursing by or against witches- something that became a popular superstition in agrarian Afro-American communities and is steeped into rural white American folktales as well. "Mr. Stephenson writes that in Northampton County, North Carolina, conjure-bags sometimes contain, along with locks of hair and rocks, dirt from the tracks of the person to be injured."-Tom Peete Cross, Witchcraft in North Carolina
Witch balls, like so many other traditions of magic in America, represent the synthesis of mystical beliefs shared between three very different cultures thrown together at a tremendously difficult time in history, in philosophy, in faith.
Elf-Shots: "Those Arrows That Fly in the Dark "
"The elf-shot, so deadly to man and beast during the Middle Ages, finds a close parallel in the missiles used by the modern witch. Among the white population of the Allegheny Mountains witches kill cattle by shooting them with balls of hair and in western Maryland "witches' bullets" of pith of hair are often found in the bodies of deal animals."- Tom Peete Cross, Witchcraft in North Carolina.
Not too much unlike the notion of elf-shots from European folklore (a feature which made its way to Scottish, Irish and German-American communities) which were invisible missiles fired by fairies and the like at livestock. Each was very different from the other in origin and material, but the intention was the same; hex-craft.
"-Anglo-Saxon references suggest elf-shot was generally attributed to internal injuries from invisible, magical, projectile weapons wielded by unseen malevolent elves, or witches." -Michael D. C. Drout, J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment
Though an elf-shot was not inherently a facet of witchcraft, nor associated with hairballs, the concept would have been a familiar bit of folklore to Irish, Scottish and English settlers in the New World, which would have made recognizing the significance of "the magic evil invisible ball that kills cattle" recognized by African and Indigenous groups a familiar supernatural experience. An elf-shot was a hidden arrow, a sharp prick of some unseen missile launched from the fairies. The effect of a fairies arrow was much like that of the conjure ball and the witch-bullet- when shot at a victim, it caused death without leaving scarcely a mark on the flesh. All that was said to be left behind was a triangular stone.
"Using Elf Shot is one of the many ways that witches and fairies overlap and it is truly a fearsome power."-Morgan Daimler, Traveling the Fairy Path
As hysteria amassed and the distinction between all that was fairy and all that was occult became ever blurred, the association between fairies and witches, their familiars and the devils themselves became ever deeper. While I don't personally believe the wee folk are classified with demons, devils and are not analogous to witches, I do respect the history of association between people with power and the other crowd. After all, famed witch Isobel Gowdie whose surrounding lore shaped some of our perceptions of Old World witchcraft traditions, herself claimed in her trial to have consorted with fairies at the sabbath and learned their art of deadly darts.
"Isobel claimed that her sabbath experiences included the learning of maleficent spells and the performance of harmful magic She described stealing crops from fields, milk from cows, and fish from fishing boats; raising winds, killing people with elf arrows and increasing the sickness of a local minister with whom she and her company had a grievance."-Emma Wilby, Cunning Folk, and Familiar Spirits: Shamanic Visionary traditions in Early Modern British Witchcraft and Magic (p.88)
Shooting a Ball at Reality
There's much to criticize in how the New World developed its unique traditions of folk magic, but there's a lot to celebrate too, so much to enjoy about the combination of beliefs that made survival for everyone's heritage in the New World possible. It's more blessing than a burden, this Afro-Euro-Indigenous combination of folklore and magical currents. Even things seemingly at odds will inevitably find some commonalities. And something as mean as a curse, has been a place of common ground. Witch-bullets have become one of those charms whose origins show a synthesis of beliefs, a recognition between peoples regarding a universal problem: witches. And for some reason, our ancestors often agreed that witches fired shots at their victims, and in America, we do it with hairballs.
...More likely than not, our dear ancestors, who had far less understanding of medicine than we have, attributed an accumulation of hair in the stomach to that of a witch's bullet, not understanding the commonality of such an occurrence in many mammals, and so a person or livestock or pet who was found to have a hairball within it, was thought to be cursed by a witch. The reality is most people or animals that would have suffered from hairballs in their stomachs were likely inhaling or eating materials, fibers which they could not naturally break down, people working in industries with lots of wool and textiles, people suffering from trichophagia, animals who groom themselves by licking, and of course, the witches' themselves; cats. We know much more now about the nature of hair found in the stomach, but aside from the cold hard science, we can enjoy the spiritual value and supernatural history of this tradition of witchlore.
Modern ways to implement this practice would be to use witch-balls in their apotropaic design, to protect you, the wearer, from spiritual attacks just as those of the Bell witch haunting were said to have done. If you're not averse to cursing, follow the old formulas of shooting the ball at an image of the enemy or at their house, or in their steps. Types of hair commonly mentioned for use are horse, cow, buffalo, black dog, and black cat as well as the hair of your enemy for curses, the hair of the dead for the same, or, the hair of yourself for protection if you intend to keep the charm on you. If it were my bullet, I'd use the hair of a black rabbit... for that extra kick of swiftness.
However we came by our notion of hairball bullets, it's a magical tradition shared in by witch and non-witch Americans alike, and ain't that grand?
References and Resources..
Frank C. Brown Collection of North Carolina Folklore: Popular Beliefs and Superstitions from North Carolina by Frank C. Brown
Faiths and Folklore, Volume 1 by John Brand
Witchcraft in Illinois: A Cultural History by Michael Kleen
The Silver Bullet, and Other American Witch Stories by Hubert J. Davis
America Bewitched by Owen Davies
Signs, Cures, & Witchery: German Appalachian Folklore by Gerald Milnes
Conjure in African American Society by Jeffrey E. Anderson
Traveling the Fairy Path by Morgan Daimler
Journal of American Folklore
Witchcraft in North Carolina by Tom Peete Cross
History of Effingham County, Illinois edited by William Henry Perrin
Texas folk medicine: 1,333 Cures, Remedies, Preventives & Health Practices by John Q. Anderson
Indiana Folklore and Oral History, Volumes 13-15 by Published at Indiana University by the Folklore Institute and the Oral History Research Center, 1980
The Louisiana experience: an introduction to the culture of the Bayou State by Mary Alice Fontenot, Julie Landry
© 2019 Copyright Via Hedera

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This class is an introductory class for students 8&Under. ATC coaches will introduce the basic movement skills, striking skills, and techniques for forehands, backhands, serves, & volleys. ATC Coaches will utilize age specific tennis equipment on 60' and 78' tennis courts specifically designed for 10&Under Competitive play. Come see why the Austin Tennis & Pickleball Center Junior Development Center is Austin's premier 8&Under Developmental Tennis Center!


text:
Private sector donates Deskbags to Diepsloot schools
February 27, 2018 by Sello NCHWE	No Comments
FORMER Minister of Basic Education, Angie Motshekga once told parliamentary starkly that, "there are over 3 million children who do not have school desks and are forced to use the ground as a writing surface".
Unfortunately, the black child is at the receiving end of this never ending problem in SA.
A learner from Diepsloot School is one of the recipient of the Deskbag donated earlier this year in Diepsloot.
No matter how bad and heartbreaking it is -in our new democratic dispensation- there are human beings out there who are striving to make a difference such as the DeskBags Organization.
In partnership with the one of the world's youth popular brand's Converse, they've donated 1500 deskless to leaners in Diepsloot, worth half a million of rands in DeskBags.
Recipients were Diepsloot Secondary Number 3 School and Diepsloot Combine School, respectively.
Both schools learners are forced to do their schoolwork on the cold, hard floor or to share a single desk with about five other students at a time.
"It is only through the support of corporate South Africa, such as Converse SA, which enables DeskBags to be deployed to poverty-stricken areas in the sort of quantity that could make a difference in the lives of all these needy students," says Managing Director at DeskBags, Shannon Roscher.
DeskBags provides hybrid satchels that double as school bags and portable desks when folded open onto the child's lap. The front flap of the bags is reinforced with ABS plastic, ensuring a hard and stable surface for children to use and to write on while doing their work at school and homework at home.
They are rugged enough that, when well looked after, can last a pupil many years. They have been constructed using recycled billboard materials making the bags tough and waterproof, yet light enough to be carried even by a Grade 0 student.
DeskBags are also reflective which make school learners visible when walking along busy roads.
"DeskBags are aimed at enabling underprivileged South African students to have access to a basic education tool such as a portable desk allowing them to develop to their fullest potential.
The lack of a desk as a writing surface puts these underprivileged learners at an immediate disadvantage as it affects their handwriting, concentration, eyesight and most noticeably, their overall academic performance," continued Roscher.
"As a company whose product appeals mostly to the youth market, we strive to partner with initiatives that assist local communities throughout South Africa. In the last few years we have donated nearly 5,000 DeskBags in Gauteng.
We love that the initiative allows these millions of deskless students to now learn with dignity," says Converse Brand Manager, Lee-Anne McKenzie.
We hope with the new Minister of Education Mme Naledi Pandor, an academic, there will be action and radical changes in trying to alleviate but not (eradicate) such phenomenon's our teachers and learners are proned to, albeit it won't happen overnight.
For more information about DeskBags visit www.deskbags.co.za or contact them directly on info@deskbags.co.za or 011 896 1818.


text:
et al. è un'abbreviazione delle espressioni latine et alii ("e altri"), et aliae ("e altre"), et alia ("e altre cose", con alia neutro plurale), oppure et alibi ("e altrove").

Utilizzi
In particolare, et al. (et alii) è usato in ambito bibliografico, soprattutto nelle note a piè di pagina, per riferirsi genericamente senza menzionarli ai co-autori di un'opera collettiva, altrove indicati per esteso, richiamandoli con esplicito riferimento al solo autore principale o al primo autore che compare sul frontespizio.

Conformemente all'APA style, l'abbreviazione et al. (non in corsivo) si usa in aggiunta al cognome del primo autore, in caso di opera con più di due autori, nel riferimento alla stessa con il sistema autore-data, eventualmente per indicarne una pagina precisa in nota. Ad esempio, la citazione bibliografica del libro:

 Giovanni Getto, Roberto Alonge, Guido Baldi e Giorgio De Rienzo, Storia della letteratura italiana, Milano, Rizzoli editore, 1972

può essere richiamata con il seguente riferimento, dove l'indicazione degli autori oltre al primo è sostituita da tale abbreviazione:

 Getto et al. 1972, p. 10.

Nel caso invece che il riferimento sia ad altri passi dello stesso autore, oltre a quello o quelli appena citati, l'abbreviazione si scioglie in et alibi (poco usato in italiano).

Nel linguaggio giuridico, ha un senso molto simile a quello di et cetera (comunemente italianizzato in eccetera).

Note

Altri progetti

Frasi latine
Bibliografia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Two Hundred Years of Papermaking
Derek Rodger
Early papermaking in Scotland was much influenced by trade links with France and Germany. Carrongrove, on the River Carron near the village of Denny in Stirlingshire, has been the site of Scottish papermaking since the late eighteenth century. Carrongrove was a family operation, founded by the owners of the Herbertshire Estate. By 1818 there were two mills operating there.
Paper mills used water both as a source of power and to treat fibres. They also required a constant supply of rags. A one-vat mill, on average, could produce two to three hundredweight of paper per week. A water wheel powered a main shaft fitted with a series of cams, which lifted and dropped stampers to break down the rotten rags in the pulping troughs.
An account of papermaking in the Universal Magazine for June 1752 describes the process. The vatmen dipped wire moulds into the vat of pulp, shaking out excess water to form matted sheets, then the coucher and levermen transferred them to a felt blanket where surplus water could be pressed out in a screw lever press. The sheets of paper were then hung up to be dried, sized, finished, cut and parcelled for sale.
Seventeenth and eighteenth century mill production concentrated on wrappings rather than white paper for print, but with the spread of literacy, the newspaper and publishing industries expanded and new paper machines and improved technology increased output to meet demand. The introduction of the Hollander (or beating engine) and the Fourdrinier machine, revolutionised the industry. The Fourdrinier, capable of producing a continuous web of paper, 24 inches wide and up to 15 yards long, was invented in 1799 by Nicholas Louis Robert and the English Patent was taken out in 1801. A machine was installed at Peterculter Mill in Aberdeen in 1807 and the Aberdeen Journal was first printed there in 1812.
Flow-line production guaranteed large-scale manufacturers a consistent, quality product at a competitive price. Machine mills opened in Dalmore (1843), Levenbank (1848), Inverurie (1858) and Avon (1860). Nine new mills opened in the Glasgow area alone at Govan (1832), Bathgate (c1834), Woodside (1837), Kelvindale (1845), Airdrie (1848), Port Dundas (1850), Bowling (1852), Clyde (1856) and Govanhaugh (c1860). Production soared to approximately 20 tons per week by the 1870s. By 1890, the number of mills peaked, with 69 in operation.
In the twentieth century, the technology of paper production was further revolutionised but it still follows basic principles. Rooted in two centuries of papermaking experience, there is still a paper mill at Carrongrove. Carrongrove: 200 Years of Papermaking gives a fascinating perspective on the development of one of Scotland's key industries. Carrongrove is now owned by Inveresk and the book is printed on the company's own wove paper, Fulmar Ultra White, and bound in Gemini Art Board made at Carrongrove Mill.
© Derek Rodger 2002
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playwright Calcutta Julia Briggs nettles Sam Harris Experimental Fiction photographer Nova Scotia Marjorie McNaughtan Robert Alter Scottish Art Kenneth White Maison d'Emma Gerry McFeely legerdemain Richard Fuller multicoloured seams Dougal Graham Russell Hunter Sir Herbert Maxwell Les Murray Scots Magazine Quakers Lin Anderson Doris Lessing James Carter Scottish Nationalist Nigeria Into the Blue Wavelengths Circus Liam McIlvanney tigers Rachel Boase Eddie Gibbons Peggy Hughes Andrew Drummond Helen Lister Jennie Renton Ganges psychokinesis Kate Charles Ian Campbell Catherine Booth Luke Fletcher Christopher Brookmyre Trocchi Sir Arthur Ponsonby Valerie Gillies Margaret Gillies Brown Jlian Goodacre Mark Doty William Hunter diversity Elizabeth Strong Sam Meekings British Library Naomi Mitchison George MacKay Brown Salvation Army Traverse Theatre


If you're a fan of modern architecture, especially the kind you see in Columbus, IN, then you're likely familiar with Tad Fruits' work. Tad's a generalist and can shoot anything, but he's especially passionate about the built environment, an interest he picked up while working at the Indianapolis Museum of Art where he was able to spend a lot of time at the famous Miller House. Most recently, Tad spend time documenting Exhibit Columbus, and of course if you flip through back issue of PATTERN magazine, you're likely to see Tad's beautiful work in its pages as well.
What do you do as a creative outlet? Work and play, it's all photography.
What's the most interesting thing happening in Indy right now? Downtown growth is transforming the city and thankfully, spurring amazing outdoor spaces like the Land Collective designed landscape at the Cummins Indy DBU Headquarters.
Last trip you took? It's been awhile but it was gloriously sunny and ocean filled.
How did you first hear about PATTERN? Creatives working in a city the size of Indy always cross paths, especially when that group is an energetic, positive influence like PATTERN.
What event are you looking forward to attending in the next few months? Attending the Ben Sollee & Kentucky Native performance at the HI-Fi on March 7th.


If your goal is to save money on your next move, you can do so by considering u-haul rentals in Fremont. Renting a moving truck and then driving it on your own is one way to save during that big move. As a result, you can save a substantial amount of money. The amount of money you save by renting and driving your own moving truck can go towards other important moving expenses.
It can be easy to call a moving company and let them handle your packing, loading, and unloading your belongings. However, this can be extremely costly. Many people find that it's a lot more affordable to consider U-hual rentals in Fremont. This surrounding area has plenty of options available for getting U-hual rental trucks. For example, many storage companies offer deals on renting a U-hual moving truck.
First, you'll need to decide what size you need. If you're unsure, you can talk to the staff at the facility about the size truck you'll need. You can also measure some of the bigger items that you'll need to put in the truck and estimate how many boxes you'll be transporting. You don't want to overpay of course. But, it's better to rent a truck that's a little larger rather than get one that's too small.
Every move can be frustrating, but saving money is a way to get through a lot of the aggravation. When renting a U-hual, Fremont facilities can provide you with tips and tricks that will make the move easier. That way, you'll be more comfortable driving the truck and you won't be so worried about getting everything loaded and unloaded. No matter if you're just moving around town or you're going all the way across the country. Consider U-haul rentals in Fremont, saving you big by renting a reliable moving truck for your next move.
For a free estimate on U-hual rentals in Fremont, call (925) 892-3880. A friendly representative will answer any questions or concerns you may have about renting a moving truck.


text:
using System;
using ReMi.Commands.ReleaseCalendar;
using ReMi.Contracts.Cqrs.Commands;
using ReMi.Contracts.Cqrs.Events;
using ReMi.DataAccess.BusinessEntityGateways.ReleaseCalendar;
using ReMi.Events.ReleaseCalendar;

namespace ReMi.CommandHandlers.ReleaseExecution
{
    public class SaveReleaseIssuesHandler : IHandleCommand<SaveReleaseIssuesCommand>
    {
        public Func<IReleaseWindowGateway> ReleaseWindowGatewayFactory { get; set; }
        public IPublishEvent EventPublisher { get; set; }

        public void Handle(SaveReleaseIssuesCommand command)
        {
            using (var gateway = ReleaseWindowGatewayFactory())
            {
                gateway.SaveIssues(command.ReleaseWindow);
            }

            EventPublisher.Publish(new ReleaseIssuesUpdatedEvent
            {
                ReleaseWindowId = command.ReleaseWindow.ExternalId,
                Issues = command.ReleaseWindow.Issues
            });
        }
    }
}


text:
#ifndef RMF_INTERNAL_KEY_FILTER_H
#define RMF_INTERNAL_KEY_FILTER_H

#include "RMF/config.h"
#include "RMF/internal/SharedData.h"
#include "backward_types.h"
#include "SharedDataAdaptor.h"
#include "RMF/log.h"

RMF_ENABLE_WARNINGS

namespace RMF {

namespace backends {

template <class SD>
class KeyFilter : public SharedDataAdaptor<SD> {
  typedef SharedDataAdaptor<SD> P;
  backward_types::IndexKeys index_keys_;
  FloatKeys float_keys_;
  FloatsKeys floats_keys_;

 public:
  KeyFilter(SD* sd) : P(sd) {}
  void add_index_key(Category cat, std::string name) {
    for(backward_types::IndexKey k :
                P::sync_->get_keys(cat, backward_types::IndexTraits())) {
      if (P::sync_->get_name(k) == name) {
        index_keys_.push_back(k);
        std::sort(index_keys_.begin(), index_keys_.end());
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  void add_float_key(Category cat, std::string name) {
    for(FloatKey k : P::sync_->get_keys(cat, FloatTraits())) {
      if (P::sync_->get_name(k) == name) {
        float_keys_.push_back(k);
        std::sort(float_keys_.begin(), float_keys_.end());
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  void add_floats_key(Category cat, std::string name) {
    for(FloatsKey k : P::sync_->get_keys(cat, FloatsTraits())) {
      if (P::sync_->get_name(k) == name) {
        floats_keys_.push_back(k);
        std::sort(floats_keys_.begin(), floats_keys_.end());
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  template <class Traits>
  std::vector<ID<Traits> > get_keys(Category cat, Traits) {
    return P::sync_->get_keys(cat, Traits());
  }
  backward_types::IndexKeys get_keys(Category cat,
                                     backward_types::IndexTraits) {
    backward_types::IndexKeys all =
        P::sync_->get_keys(cat, backward_types::IndexTraits());
    std::sort(all.begin(), all.end());
    backward_types::IndexKeys ret;
    std::set_difference(all.begin(), all.end(), index_keys_.begin(),
                        index_keys_.end(), std::back_inserter(ret));
    return ret;
  }
  FloatKeys get_keys(Category cat, FloatTraits) {
    FloatKeys all = P::sync_->get_keys(cat, FloatTraits());
    std::sort(all.begin(), all.end());
    FloatKeys ret;
    std::set_difference(all.begin(), all.end(), float_keys_.begin(),
                        float_keys_.end(), std::back_inserter(ret));
    return ret;
  }
  FloatsKeys get_keys(Category cat, FloatsTraits) {
    FloatsKeys all = P::sync_->get_keys(cat, FloatsTraits());
    std::sort(all.begin(), all.end());
    FloatsKeys ret;
    std::set_difference(all.begin(), all.end(), floats_keys_.begin(),
                        floats_keys_.end(), std::back_inserter(ret));
    return ret;
  }
};

}  // namespace internal
} /* namespace RMF */

RMF_DISABLE_WARNINGS

#endif /* RMF_INTERNAL_KEY_FILTER_H */


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text:
Miami Valley Today
Piqua Commission OKs street dedication
PIQUA — The Piqua City Commission passed a resolution Tuesday to dedicate Homer Drive as a public right of way as part of a larger investment project.
Economic Development Director Chris Schmiesing said this resolution is the result of a community investment to expand the Paul Sherry Industrial Park.
"We're excited to see that the property owner has decided that they would like to extend the the existing street infrastructure some 300 feet to the north of where Fox Drive currently turns to the west," Schmiesing said. "In doing so, they'll make two lots available for development … This extension will extend out to 34 additional acres that could be available for development in the future."
The right-of-way dedication and construction plans for the project were unanimously recommended by the Piqua Planning Commission during a public hearing earlier this month.
The Commission also passed a resolution authorizing the city manager to prepare and submit an application to participate in the Ohio Public Works Commission State Capital Improvement and/or local transportation improvement program(s) and to execute contracts as required for the Fountain Boulevard/canal sanitary sewer replacement project.
According to City Engineer Amy Havenar, the project will consist of the replacement of two sanitary sewer manholes located on each bank of the hydraulic canal, as well as the 12-inch sanitary sewer below the canal.
This approval is the final step in applying for/securing funding for the project, and Havenar said design of the project would be scheduled for 2021 with construction to take place in 2022.
In other business, the Commission:
• Approved an ordinance to update the wage schedule of certain municipal employees. This includes a cost of living raise of 2.5 percent, and an increase in minimum wage pay to $8.80.
• Approved a resolution authorizing a purchase order to Miami Valley Risk Management Association for the purchase of insurance.
• Passed a resolution authorizing the city manager to continue City Membership in American Municipal Power Inc. and to pay yearly dues.
• Passed a resolution authorizing the city purchasing agent to purchase No. 2 fuel oil on the open and spot market. This is a routine purchase.
• Passed a resolution awarding a contract for the purchase of a Digger Derrick truck for the Power System. The truck will not be received by the city until the first quarter of 2022.
The next commission meeting will be held 6 p.m. Tuesday, Jan. 5.
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According to Vanguard, 60 percent of Americans don't have enough saved up to last 3 months. I shudder to think of what the number is when it comes to 6 months.
Given that we're 10 years past the last recession, we're due for layoffs soon — No, I'm not one of the people who call for a market dip every year, but sometime during your working life, you will most likely be laid off. Plus with all the continued automation and outsouring in the coming years, people are bound to lose their job at least once.
People get laid off. It happens to the best of them.
Maybe you won't get laid off, but what if you get appendicitis or some other emergency medical condition that costs a fortune? A car that needs a bunch of expensive parts fixed? Things happen, and it's aways better to have an emergency fund just in case.
A good emergency fund is 6 months of your expenses. It might take 2-3 months to find a new job if you are a professional with the multiple interviews and the long vetting processes that corporations run today. During that time, you could also get sick and have to shell out money for the doctor, need to fix or get a new appliance or car, or any number of surprise events.
And, yes, you'll probably get laid off or have your hours or salary cut in a recession, because in 2008, things did not go well, even for the best of companies. You just never know. GET AN EMERGENCY FUND!
Where should your emergency fund be held?
You should be holding your emergency fund in a savings account or no-penalty CD, which is essentially a savings account, but with psychological marketing to make you keep your money in there for longer. You want your emergency fund to make money for you, but not subject it to downturns in the market or withdrawal penalties. Equites/ETFs/bonds are subject to market fluctuations, and CDs without a penalty are subject to withdrawal penalties.
So, how does one make money by creating an emergency fund?
1). open a savings account with a bank for a bonus, and keep part of your savings account there. Usually bonuses range from $100-$500.
I go to the Doctor of Credit blog for all my bank bonus information. It's accurate and frequently updated.
2). If you don't want to keep track of where your savings accounts are (ie, not open it for bonuses), open a savings account with the highest deposit rate and keep all your money there.
What does your current savings account return? If you're like most Americans, it returns almost $0 because the national average return for savings accounts is .06%. Nope, not a typo, that's 6/100s of a percent. Tired of getting underpaid on your savings account? I was. I currently get paid 1.55% interest on my savings account with CIT bank.
CIT Bank offers 1.85% interest, which has a higher interest rate for a savings account than any other bank. It offers a savings rate that is twenty six times the national average. CIT bank doesn't have any fees, and the minimum to open an account is only $100.
Marcus by GS and Barclays both offer 1.5%, and Synchrony Bank and Amex both offer 1.45%. None beat CIT bank.
The online banks have been ramping up their interest rates for savings accounts in the last few months. Most of the high-paying savings accounts are of online banks with lower overhead (no retail space, no bankers/tellers, etc), which is how I'm guessing they're able to offer such higher rates.
So, how many months of expenses have you saved up for your emergency fund? What's the interest rate on your savings account?
Olivia worked in finance and wants you to learn the secrets of financial independence. She believes there are so many ways to monetize your life and make money doing the things you're already doing because so many companies offer free money.
The average savings account rate is 0.1%. The big banks have incredibly low savings accounts rates. CIT Bank offers a 1.75% savings account. You can open an account with just $100 and no monthly fees or charge . Tired of being charged fees and getting peanuts in interest at your current bank? Open a CIT Bank savings account in less than 15 minutes online.
If you have a car, Rideshare apps allow you to pick a direction you want to go twice a day, so you can get extra money going somewhere you were driving to anyway at least twice a day. Get a $300 sign-up bonus with Lyft.
One of my favorite ways ways of monetizing my life is via credit card bonuses with cards that give you cashback or rewards. Check out our review of the Chase Sapphire cards, which give you at least $500 in cash or $625 in travel credit.
I have most my emergency fund in Ally with their 1.25% rate, plus a few CDs with Ally as well at 2.00%.
As far as bank bonuses, I made $600 in bank bonuses in 2016 and $1,200 in interest and bank bonuses in 2017. I seem to be running out of banks to get bonuses from, however.
Do you have more than 25k? Ally offers at 1.75% rate for accounts over 25k. It has a no withdrawal penalty so you can put 25k in first, then take out the extra if your emergency fund is not that big.
Have you checked out Doctor or Credit? They offer a ton of bank bonuses! What about cc offers with $ bonuses? The gravy train will never stop rolling!