With the mild spring weather upon us, it's time to get ready for that first flight of your homebuilt aircraft. The following information is not crash course on how to become a prototype test pilot; rather, it's simply instructions on how to perform that first flight of your aircraft built from plans or a kit.
For months you have been hard at work building your aircraft, spending all on your homebuilt aircraft. The following information is not a crash course on how to become a prototype test pilot; rather, current again – it's time to start getting ready for the first flight of your aircraft.
– Weight and balance within the designer's specifications.
– A check of the powerplant (i.e., engine, carburetor, intake and exhaust manifold, reduction unit if applicable and propeller) to verify that it meets the manufacturer's static RPM. An easy way of checking the THRUST is to inflate the tires "hard," rest them on a smooth and flat surface – plywood works well and attach a large fish scale at the aircraft's tail end. Start the engine, warm it up, go full throttle and have a friend, without glasses, read the scale. Thrust in pounds should be approximately four times the horsepower for a cruise prop, five times the horsepower for a climb prop. You may want to do it several times for better accuracy.
Remember, though, the engine cooling system is not designed for indefinite full throttle on the ground. Do not exceed 30 seconds full open and allow three minutes cooling at 150 percent idle before the next test. Also note that the cowling must be installed as the baffling only ducts air past the cooling fins with the cowl properly installed. You can burn out the aircraft engine in less than 30 seconds full throttle without a cowl. The cowl is not only an aesthetic component but also an important part of the cooling system.
Of course, each time the engine is running either you or a knowledgeable pilot must be at the controls. Tie the aircraft down for extra precaution.
During ground run up of the engine, check that no part of the aircraft is shaking and/or vibrating heavily – check every 200 rpm from idle to full open and watch the tail and other control surfaces as well as the bottom of the fuselage.
It is also vital to check that the fuel supply will be adequate in the most critical configuration – at full power usually in tail low attitude. The fuel "head", i.e. – height of fuel from carburetor to fuel tank must meet the minimum level for continued operation with little more than the unusable fuel in the tank.
At the same time it is important to check the fuel quantity gauge (empty equals when engine stops running in above critical attitude) at 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 and full. This is not only important for fuel consumption and range check but also to detect quickly if sudden unusually high fuel consumption develops (i.e. leak).
And, of course, by this time you either know that you can easily inspect your engine because the cowl comes off with six DZUS fasteners or you realize that you should look under the cowl, even if it requires unscrewing 20 fasteners for inspection!
Do not start taxi tests unless the aircraft has 1-1/2 hour fuel supply and is loaded (with ballast if required) in the mid-range of its center of gravity travel; it you don't follow these guidelines, you may find yourself in the air because you are not at gross (lower stall speed) and your error in the indicated air speed may be significant. Remember, you also are in ground effect.
During the taxi runs, check the brakes, the steering and get familiar with the noise level, seat belt fastening and release, control position (carburetor heat, fuel valve, trim, mixture, etc.) and the important instruments such as air speed and rpm, altimeter, engine temperatures and pressures. When you do taxi tests at speeds above 50 percent of the stall speed given by the designer, be prepared to (accidentally) lift off. If there is enough runway left, throttle back and put it down again. Do not push it down, though – it's always such a shame to have to repair a brand new aircraft!
Make some 10 taxi runs on the runway to get the feeling of when to abort take off with sufficient runway to stop with moderate use of the brakes. This helps familiarize you with initial acceleration, and a bit (only a bit) with how the controls feel (light, heavy, sensitive, sluggish). Always trim at the mid-range as you are only guessing where it should be set.
Okay, your engine runs well, brakes work, instruments seem okay, you handle the aircraft with confidence on the ground (if it's a taildragger and you have little conventional gear experience that will take some time getting used to. A taildragger is less stable on the ground than a tricycle gear plane). It is very important you feel comfortable and "at home" in the pilot's seat.
So it is time to go ….
Check once more your center of gravity at mid-range position from the full travel given by the designer. Check your fuel quantity, check it physically with your eyes or a dipstick, do not rely on the fuel gauge until proven reliable.
Okay, the aircraft is ready, but how about you?
First of all, you must want to do that first flight – do not let anyone push you into the air, even if he/she is a well-meaning relative or friend. Second, you must be relaxed – you may check your astrological sign or biorhythms if you want – but the important thing is you simply feel this is the day! And definitely not with the help of a couple of beers!
I have found that the best time for smooth weather is when those so-called friends are still in bed, when only the one reliable friend you really want around shows up. This best time is approximately one hour after sunrise.
Proceed with your pre-flight – fuel check, drain fuel system for condensation, water. Then, start the engine, warm it up and taxi to the take off end, check ignition and carburetor heat. Set the altimeter and trim at mid travel. If you wish, check full throttle rpm (I usually do this during the initial phase of take off).
Line up with the runway and push the throttle full open, not too slowly but not too quickly either. Keep one eye on the air speed, the other on the runway and one ear to the engine; if anything seems abnormal, just shut the craft down, check it and fix it. In our lives we get many warnings. We should listen to them and not have a "stubborn ego." And, I repeat, checking is not enough. If something is wrong, we have to fix it and then try again! But, today, everything is fine, so we keep the throttle open and very slowly lift the airplane off as soon as you think you are fast enough. Be prepared, it may be very nose heavy or light; we do not know the trim position yet.
Now that you are in the air, remember the danger is to hit mother earth again before you want to, so climb gently at some 10/20 mph faster than your lift-off speed. Adjust the trim for comfort, check the rpm, airspeed, engine, instruments (if it starts overheating, throttle back a little) . . . and relax! Not too much, though – keep one eye on the airport to which you want to return.
At two or three thousand feet AGL, still full throttle, level off. Push the nose slightly down until altitude no longer increases, note the rpm (this should be less than 110 percent of the red line). Is there any unusual noise or vibration you should note?
Now, throttle back to about 90 percent of above full throttle rpm (this should be approximately 75 percent of cruise) and trim for level flight.
Before you land you must know the indicated speed at which the aircraft will stop flying, so you better find out now when you are up high.
Relax! Carburetor heat on, throttle gently back (notice the tendency of the nose), now slowly raise the nose to reduce the speed. Do not use ailerons, keep the ball centered – or the wings level with your rudder. Do everything gently and stay relaxed. Keep one eye on the air speed and the other on the ball (or horizon and wing tips). Notice everything: buffeting, stick back pressure, control stops, "oil canning" or other noises….
Any well designed and correctly built light plane should have a gentle stall; its nose will gently (more or less!) drop. One wing may drop faster than the other (slight asymmetry in wing construction, or too little use of the rudder, or gusty weather). Notice the indicated stall speed then release the stick pressure slowly to increase the airspeed and reattach the air flow over the wing. Apply full power gently and climb at 130 percent of your stall speed. Trim (this trim setting will be your take off trim in this configuration, weight, C.G. and flaps up).
Make another two or three stalls to get a good average reading and feel comfortable.
Without stopping the engine, taxi back for another take off. This time set the trim for climb, make the take off rotation at the indicated stall speed, accelerate to 130 percent of stall and let her climb, downwind at "cruise," base and final at 130 percent stall as for the first landing.
Perform one or two more circuits before you bring her back to her tie down. Correctly done, the above exercises will take 45 to 60 minutes. And now you are no longer afraid of your aircraft: You know it flies and you can handle it! Your aircraft was designed and built to fly and it does.
Call the designer of your aircraft and share with him the pleasure of your first flight – both you as the builder and he as the designer deserve it.
Next time you fly, start using flaps (if applicable).


text:
UCI biomedical engineers spotlight disparities in knee and jaw joint treatments
Study suggests improved remedies for a problem affecting millions of Americans
Researchers in UCI's Department of Biomedical Engineering use a chemical staining agent to visualize chondrocytes, round cells in human cartilage. They have been studying how these tissues can be replaced or repaired to provide relief to the millions of Americans who suffer defects of the temporomandibular, or jaw, joint. Benjamin Bielajew / UCI
Irvine, Calif., May 5, 2021 – If you haven't had knee surgery, you may have a friend or relative who has. But do you know anyone who has had an operation on their jaw? Although the temporomandibular joint is crucial to speaking, chewing and even breathing, treatments for TMJ disorders are far less common than those for the knee.
Why that's the case – and what can be done to improve how modern medicine handles problems with these two vital body parts – was recently examined by biomedical engineering researchers at the University of California, Irvine and other institutions. The results of the team's comparative analysis were just published in the journal Cell Reports Medicine.
The key message of the study is that while the knee and TMJ are both heavily used joints that are subject to cartilage afflictions, the knee orthopedics field enjoys considerably higher funding for research, a wider array of engineered tissues and joint replacement options, and overall higher quality treatments.
"A thoroughgoing research, funding and treatment ecosystem exists for the relief of osteoarthritis and other ailments of the knee, but a similar infrastructure for the temporomandibular joint is comparatively lacking," said senior co-author Kyriacos A. Athanasiou, UCI Distinguished Professor of biomedical engineering. "Both joints are essential to a good quality of life, so we would like to see people suffering from TMJ disorders given the same range of options as others have with their knees."
The knee and TMJ are among the most heavily used joints in the body, and both endure large forces. Light jogging can expose the knee to the equivalent of over four times the body's weight, and the TMJ can experience a force equal to the body's full weight when biting.
According to the study, about a quarter of adults suffer some sort of cartilage problem, with about 14 percent of U.S. adults afflicted with knee osteoarthritis. Data are not as clear for jaw ailments, but the TMJ Association estimates that a similar number of adults have issues with that joint.
Nonetheless, the researchers calculated a 2,000-fold higher frequency of total knee joint replacements compared to TMJ. In addition, the knee is the focus of six times as many peer-reviewed journal publications and a significantly larger number of federal grants.
In a study in the journal Cell Reports Medicine, UCI biomedical engineering researchers discussed the similarities and differences between treatments for disorders of the knee and TMJ, suggesting ways to improve outcomes for people suffering from jaw pain. Chrisoula Skouritakis / UC Davis
In this and other studies, Athanasiou and his group have highlighted the existence of what they call the TMJ gender paradox, in which jaw disorders are four times more prevalent in women than men, and women present more severe symptoms.
"Unfortunately, this gender bias affects the field as a whole," said co-lead author Benjamin Bielajew, a UCI Ph.D. candidate in biomedical engineering. "Studies have demonstrated that physicians are more likely to recommend pain medication to patients of their same gender. With most oral and maxillofacial surgeons being male, this could lead to women with TMJ disorders not getting the help they need."
Bielajew said a more equitable approach toward TMJ is also needed for animal studies, clinical trials and patient treatment.
But gender isn't the only factor behind differences in treatment. Although the knee and the TMJ share many similarities, their locations in the human body also influence how medicine approaches each, said co-lead author Ryan Donahue, a UCI Ph.D. candidate in biomedical engineering.
"The TMJ is situated right next to the inner ear, the brain and a complex network of sensory nerves, so naturally any surgical procedures are going to be that much more difficult. However, for the knee, you almost never see damage to surrounding nerves and other leg tissues because of knee surgeries," Donahue said.
One example the researchers highlighted was a Teflon implant that was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the early 1980s.
"It's one thing for a Teflon surface to deteriorate and distribute particles around the hip joint, but when this happened with the TMJ, near patients' brains, it led to catastrophic outcomes," said co-lead author Gabriela Espinosa, a UCI postdoctoral fellow in biomedical engineering. "This resulted in the TMJ field being set back decades when compared to the knee; progress has been stifled even to this day."
But that was decades ago, and now there are more advanced, naturally inspired engineered tissues that can be used to regenerate worn cartilage in joints throughout the body, including the TMJ, although the latter is only in the development stages at UCI and elsewhere.
"There have been enormous strides in regenerative tissue engineering solutions for the knee in recent years," Athanasiou said. "Our hope is that success in regenerative medicine for the knee can be used as a template for similar long-term remedies for the TMJ."
This study, which received funding from the National Institutes of Health, also included researchers and clinicians from the University of Texas School of Dentistry in Houston, Harvard Medical School, UC Davis, and private practice.
About the University of California, Irvine: Founded in 1965, UCI is the youngest member of the prestigious Association of American Universities and is ranked among the nation's top 10 public universities by U.S. News & World Report. The campus has produced three Nobel laureates and is known for its academic achievement, premier research, innovation and anteater mascot. Led by Chancellor Howard Gillman, UCI has more than 36,000 students and offers 222 degree programs. It's located in one of the world's safest and most economically vibrant communities and is Orange County's second-largest employer, contributing $5 billion annually to the local economy. For more on UCI, visit www.uci.edu.
Giving – and getting – a helping hand
Uncovering elder abuse
Fighting for their lives
Green tea impairs development, reproduction in fruit flies, UCI study finds
bpbell@uci.edu
https://engineering.uci.edu/dept/bme
The Henry Samueli School of Engineering
http://engineering.uci.edu
Athanasiou research group
https://sites.uci.edu/deltai/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


StrikeTech is not a company. It is just a name I use to name my programs. I think this name is lame now but as I have used it since 1993. I will stick with it.
How did I make up this name?
I forgot which program I first used this name, probably the QuickType for PC (Quick Basic version). I thought it would be cool to make up a company name for all my programmings. At that time, I was playing a soccer game called Striker on my 20Mhz 80286 PC. It was a vertical panning, not much simulation but fast and fun. Anyway, to make it like a computer name, I appended "Tech" to it and that is how StrikeTech came from.
A poor little programmer who is addicted to playing and programming computer games.
Here is my personal homepage.
Who is Made By KIDDIES?
The first game company I worked for. Because I did 99% of programming for those titles I worked for Made By KIDDIES, Inc. , I think it is appropriate to put them under my StrikeTech series.


text:
Globe, Cebuana Lhuillier, Mynt sign strategic partnership for PH financial inclusion
In a bid to further push financial inclusion in the country, Globe Telecom, Cebuana Lhuillier and Mynt inked a memorandum of agreement that will pave the way for several initiatives combining the products and services of the three companies.
The tripartite partnership was signed by Globe President & CEO Ernest Cu, Cebuana Lhuillier President & CEO Jean Henri Lhuillier, and G-Xchange President Albert Tinio. G-Xchange is a subsidiary of Globe Telecom's wholly-owned financial services unit Mynt.
"The idea is to disrupt the traditional banking system of having to personally go to a bank, fill out forms, fall in line and pay for bills or deposit money. This initiative will create an avenue for the companies to leverage on each other's strengths and capabilities to create a better financial system for the consumers," said Cu.
Meanwhile, Lhuillier stated, "This undertaking is a great opportunity to address the financial concerns of many Filipinos, especially those in unbanked and underbanked communities which is very aligned to what we do as a company. I am glad that Cebuana Lhuillier, together with Globe and Mynt, is taking this big step to revolutionize the way we serve our mutual clients. I am certain that this partnership will positively impact the lives of many individuals."
(l-r) President and CEO of Globe Telecom Ernest Cu, President and CEO of PJ Lhuillier Jean Henri Lhuillier and President of G-Xchange Inc. Albert Tinio
Most of the initiatives involve GCash, a micro-payment service operated by G-Xchange. Already commercially available, one of the projects allows GCash customers to perform cash-in and cash-out transactions in any of Cebuana Lhuillier's 1,800 branches nationwide. Also being developed are systems that would enable GCash accounts to submit payments for Fuse loans and accept proceeds of international remittance. Other projects in the works include the vice versa conversion of rewards points under the loyalty programs of Globe and Cebuana Lhuillier, cross-selling of Cebuana Lhuillier's microinsurance product, development of donation channels for Cebuana Lhuillier's chosen beneficiaries, real-time posting of Globe Bills, reselling of Globe AMAX, a mass market postpaid product, and other innovations that that would make financial services more conveniently available.
In addition to the commercially available products and services, the partnership will also yield business-to-business solutions and other initiatives catering to internal stakeholders.
During the official announcement of the partnership, all three companies emphasized the need for innovative offerings, the value of convergence and the importance of technology in order to achieve financial inclusion.
Globe is a telecommunications company with a mobile subscriber base of about 65 million, while Cebuana Lhuillier is a micro-financial institution that has over 1,800 branches in the Philippines, and Mynt is a FinTech startup wholly-owned by Globe and offers a range of key financial services.
How digital services are keeping the Christmas spirit alive
In the time of COVID-19, even time-honored traditions have had to adapt to the new normal. Christmastime 2020 has taken the digital route to keep the season's spirit of Christian kinship alive. The Misa de Gallo, the novena of dawn Masses that signify the start of the season in the Philippines, is now covered by safety protocols. In a circular the Catholic Bishops Conference (CBCP) also encourages live streaming of the liturgical celebrations as an alternative to church attendance, which is limited by social distancing rules. "The spirit of Misa de Gallo will not be lost even if we cannot celebrate in a bigger physical gathering," says Fr. Pacifico C. Nohara, rector of the Basilica Minore del Santo Niño de Cebu. Churchgoers and devotees spreading out to the Pilgrim's Center make an iconic December scene at the Basilica. Not this year. "Instead of being discouraged, we should find ways to keep the spirit and value of the tradition, such as utilizing present-day technologies," he says.


South AfricaSishen Iron Ore Company Community Development .
In September 2011, the South Africa based Sishen Iron Ore Company Community Development Trust learned it would receive dividends of more than $1 billion.
Kumba has a 76.3% interest in Sishen Iron Ore Company (Pty) Ltd. (SIOC), an entity which we manage. SIOC, in turn, owns the operating assets of the Company.
Share Participation. Scheme (Envision). 3%. Sishen Iron Ore Company. Operations s s s s. Group structure. Kumba Iron Ore. 74%. Anglo American plc group.
We have a 73.9% interest in Sishen Iron Ore Company Proprietary Limited (SIOC), an entity which we manage. SIOC, in turn, owns the operating assets of the.
A photograph of Kumba Iron Ore CEO Themba Mkhwanazi was used with .. By: Martin Creamer 25th July 2017 Iron ore mining company Kumba Iron Ore on.
The Sishen mine is a large iron mine located in central South Africa in Kathu, Northern Cape. Sishen represents one of the largest iron ore reserves in South Africa and in . Other stakeolders in the Sishen Iron Ore Company include Exxaro.
Jun 15, 2012 . Sishen Iron Ore Company (Pty) Ltd. Acronym: SIO. Email: [email protected] . TelNo(s):. 053 7392821. 083922689.
Kumba Iron Ore Ltd . KIO. KUMBAIO . company news and press .
Throughout this report, production and sales volumes referred to are 100% of Sishen Iron Ore Company (Pty) Ltd. ("SIOC"), and attributable to shareholders of.
Feb 9, 2018 . Kumba Iron Ore Limited (Kumba) is a supplier of iron ore to the global steel industry. The Company is engaged in the exploration, beneficiation,.
Kumba Iron Ore reverses pre tax impairment charge on its Sishen .
Feb 9, 2018 . Johannesburg Kumba Iron Ore said on Friday that it had . of the recoverable amount of the Sishen mine," the firm said in a statement.
Sishen Iron Ore Company (Pty) Ltd and Another v Minister of Mineral .
Dec 20, 2011 . The first applicant is Sishen Iron Ore Company (Proprietary) Limited, a company that is duly registered as a company in accordance with the.
Mar 12, 2015 . Kumba has a 73.9% interest in Sishen Iron Ore Company (Pty) Ltd (SIOC), an entity which we manage. SIOC, in turn, owns the operating assets.
for 2010. It covers the company's annual performance, highlights the . The bulk of Kumba's iron ore production comes from Sishen Mine, which is located at the.
Kumba Iron Ore is an iron ore mining company in South Africa. It is the fourth largest iron ore producer in the world and the largest in Africa.
Anglo American's South African iron ore business, Kumba Iron Ore Limited, is a leading value add supplier of the highest quality iron ore to the global steel.
Learn about working at Sishen Iron Ore Company (Pty) Limited. Join LinkedIn today for free. See who you know at Sishen Iron Ore Company (Pty) Limited,.
By: Idéle Esterhuizen 14th May 2012 The Sishen Iron Ore Company Community Development Trust (SIOC cdt) has finalised a R140 million transaction.
KUMBA IRON ORE LTD Company Profile . Competitors, Key .
Find company research, competitor information, contact details & financial data for KUMBA IRON ORE LTD. Get the latest business insights from D&B Hoovers.
Apr 28, 2017 . Kolomela mines, Thabazimbi closure, our corporate office in Centurion, the Saldanha . a 76.3% interest in Sishen Iron Ore Company (Pty) Ltd.


Mr. Allen W. Hendrix, age 71, of Valley, Alabama passed away on Friday, September 7th, 2018 at the East Alabama Medical Center in Opelika, Alabama.
Mr. Hendrix was born on December 6th, 1946 in Langdale, Alabama to the late J.T. and Hazel Murrow Hendrix.
Allen was a member of the Langdale United Methodist Church.
He worked for the West Point Stevens Company and then for the City of Valley.
Allen was a very active and instrumental citizen in the city of Valley and Chambers County. He was an active member of the committee that was formed to create the City of Valley. He served on the first city council of Valley and was a councilman for 12 years. After serving as a councilman, he was a faithful employee of the city for 21 years, retiring from the city in 2014. Allen was also on the Chambers County Development Authority for 23 years and he was a member of the Valley Kiwanis Club for 25 years.
Allen enjoyed spending time on the river and enjoying its beauty. He loved spending time with his family, especially his grandchildren.
He is survived by his wife of 46 years, Emily May Hendrix; son, Jeff Hendrix, Valley; grandsons, Joseph Hendrix, Hayden Hendrix, and Bryson Hendrix; brother, Larry (Sue) Hendrix, Opelika.
Funeral services will be held on Wednesday, September 12th, 2018 at 3:30P.M. EDT at the Langdale United Methodist Church with interment following in Johnson Memorial Gardens. The Reverends Rusty Tate, Paul Messer, and James Haskens will all officiate the service. His family will be receiving friends at the church on Wednesday from 1:00P.M. EDT until the service hour.
In lieu of flowers, the family requests that memorials be made in Allen's memory to the Langdale United Methodist Church's Barrel of Love Fund.
Please visit his Memorial Tribute page at www.johnsonbrownservicefh.com to leave a condolence for his family, share a memory of Allen, or to light a Remembrance Candle in his memory.


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The Victoria Mine is the name given to a series of copper mines located in Rockland Township, Ontonagon County, in Michigan's Copper Country.  It was near this location that a large piece of float copper, known as the Ontonagon Boulder, was found.  The mine operated off and on from 1849 until its final closure in 1921.  Most of the metal found there was low grade native copper from the Forest Lode. Quartz, epidote, calcite, prehnite, and pumpellyite are also found in the rock.

1771-1849
Prehistoric mining pits indicate that the area was mined long before Europeans ever set foot in North America. Near this area was the location of a large piece of float copper, also known as the Ontonagon Boulder. Originally discovered by missionaries, the boulder sparked the interest of British investors. In 1771, Alexander Henry the elder, an early British explorer, was sent to open a mine along the banks of the Ontonagon River where the boulder had been found.  The venture ultimately proved unsuccessful after the adit caved in due to the fact that they were mining into a river bank. After this, the project was abandoned and the site remained empty for the next seventy years.

1849-1899
In 1849, Christopher Columbus Cushing opened a mine not far from the area where Henry had attempted to dig.  The Cushin Mine ran for about a year before the Forest Mine took over in 1850. Eight years later, the company reorganized as the Victoria Mining Company.  The company experienced several disasters during this time. The first stamp mill was destroyed in a fire and the second washed away in a flood. After 1855, the mine was operated sporadically for a number of years.
During this period of time, estimates show that 200 to 250 tons of copper were mined from the Victoria. The company shipped the copper to Calumet, Michigan, where it was smelted.

In 1881, The former mining captain of the Nonesuch Mine, Thomas Hooper, assessed the state of the Victoria Mine and after pumping the water from the mine, he found it to be in disrepair.  Many of the tunnels and adits had collapsed and the support timbers were found rotted.  He concluded that a large investment would be needed in order for the mine to run again.  Because of this, it was not until the end of the nineteenth century that the mine finally reopened.

1899-1921
Beginning in 1899, the Victoria Copper Mining Company started running the mine and Captain Hooper was hired to run the operation. One of the first problems Hooper encountered was a lack of fuel. Wood was hard to come by at that time and coal was expensive, so Hooper began to look into other energy sources. Even as early as 1882, the possibility of hydropower was discussed. The Michigan Department of Mineral Statistics annual report in 1882 stated: "Among the important advantages which the property possesses is the water-power in the west branch of the Ontonagon river, about a mile south of the mine; forty feet of head can be used here…If it shall be decided to systematically work the mine, the water-power in the west branch will undoubtedly be utilized to operate the machinery…". In 1904, Charles Havelock Taylor, a Canadian inventor, visited the site in order to build a hydraulic air compressor that would harness the water in the Ontonagon River. Once running, the Taylor Air Compressor was able provided the Victoria Mine with an inexpensive power source which uniquely equipped the mine with the ability to extract the low grade ore. In fact, the Mines Register reported that the Victoria was "placed in a position to handle rock of lower average grade than perhaps any other mine in the Lake Superior district".

During this time, the village near the mine site, Victoria, grew to eighty houses. All buildings in the town were owned by the mining company, including the school, general store, and houses. The inhabitants of the town were miners and their families. These miners were paid average wages of the time: $1 a day for a ten-hour day and later $2 for the same amount of time.

Records from this time are hard to come by and so it is unknown exactly how much copper was mined during this time.

The mine ran almost continuously for nearly twenty years, but as the 1920s approached, the price of copper started to decline. The cheap power provided by the Taylor Air Compressor allowed the Victoria Mine to remain open longer than most of its competitors. After World War I ended, though, copper prices fell by fifty percent to 13 cents per pound. When the price dropped to 11 cents a pound, the Victoria Mine closed for the final time.

1921-Present Day

Victoria Dam
After the mine closed in 1921, the Copper District Power Company purchased the lands with the intent of building a hydro-electric plant on the Ontonagon River.  The new dam (a multiple-arch type, built between 1929-1931) created a five mile long artificial lake called the Victoria Flowage.   Operated by the Upper Peninsula Power Company since 1947, the company now owns three dams upstream of the Victoria Dam in order to harness enough water to supply power for the area.  Near the main dam, the Taylor Air Compressor, its canals, and the dam (Hooper Dam) built in 1902 to supply it now lay submerged.  Though no longer in use, the Taylor Hydraulic Air Compressor may be fully operational.

Old Victoria
Following the closure of the mine, the village of Victoria fell into disrepair.  During the 1970s, an attempt was made to preserve the historical aspects of the area.  The Society for Restoration of Old Victoria began repairing a group of the old cabins where the miners lived.  The site opened in 1976 and has been giving guided tours ever since.  Currently, four cabins have been restored and furnished to suit the time period, including two boarding houses and a family home.  It is now one of the Keweenaw Heritage Sites in the Keweenaw National Historical Park.

References

External links
 Old Victoria Restoration - Ontonagon County Chamber of Commerce
 Old Victoria Restoration - Facebook site
 Keweenaw National Historical Park

Buildings and structures in Ontonagon County, Michigan
Copper mines in Michigan
Underground mines in the United States
Museums in Ontonagon County, Michigan
Historic house museums in Michigan
Keweenaw National Historical Park

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Arctic shows no sign of returning to reliably frozen region of recent past decades
Arctic Ocean Primary Productivity
Terrestrial Permafrost
Groundfish Fisheries in the Eastern Bering Sea
Wildland Fire in High Latitudes
Paleoceanographic Perspectives on Arctic Ocean Change
Collecting Environmental Intelligence in the New Arctic
J. T. Mathis1, E. Osborne1, S. Starkweather2
1NOAA Arctic Research Program, Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
2Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, 216 UCB, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 8030, USA
Rapid environmental transitions in the Arctic highlight the need for a swift and responsive approach to scientific observing and interpretation.
Addressing the need to produce timely and relevant scientific results, Environmental Intelligence (EI) is the production of integrated environmental knowledge from observations, modeling, and data integrations that links researchers, stakeholder and decision-makers in an iterative process.
Application of the EI framework to an ocean acidification and Alaskan fisheries case study provides a proof of concept of the EI cycle.
Shortly after the beginning of the 21st Century, the Arctic began an environmental transition so extensive that it caught scientists, policymakers, and residents by surprise. The extent and duration of these transitions define the New Arctic, characterized by the lowest winter maximum in sea ice cover on record for 2017, the persistent and record warming of sea surface temperatures across the Arctic, and the downward trend in total ice mass of the Greenland ice sheet, just to name a few. The unprecedented rate and global reach of these changes highlight the pressing need to prepare for and adapt to the New Arctic. Historically, Arctic data have been collected through regional process studies, due to the prohibitive costs and logistical challenges of measuring at a system-wide scale. Given the urgent need for environmental information in the Arctic, scientists must now take a different approach to Arctic observing. By developing and using the Environmental Intelligence (EI) framework we aim to achieve the end-to-end integration of research across linked and iterative steps of scientific research and decision support. By integrating across Arctic system observing, data integration and modeling efforts, scientific results can be more responsive to stakeholder needs and policy-relevant. The EI approach aims to produce environmental knowledge that is timely, reliable, and suitable for decision support at the local, state, and national levels.
Environmental Intelligence Cycle
The sparseness of observations and limited seasonal coverage of in situ EI gathering has limited our ability to fully understand the dynamics of the New Arctic. Emerging challenges regarding Arctic change are globally important and include changes in Northern Hemisphere weather patterns, ecosystem and fisheries stability, sea level rise, economic development, maritime safety, and national security. To effectively study these issues, the EI framework can be applied to specific environmental issues or focused on the development of actionable environmental knowledge.
The EI Cycle (Fig. 1) starts with the identification of relevant stakeholders and decision support objectives, culminating in the determination of an environmental focus area. The next step in the cycle aims to harness existing data archives that can be leveraged to increase the spatial and temporal understanding of the environmental focus area. Identified datasets are translated into functional evidence that can then be used to identify observing gaps and to strategically enhance observing efforts. Integration of the data and observing efforts provide the best system-wide dataset available that can then be used to validate systems-level models. The modeling component of the EI cycle is critical as modeling is a vital tool to advancing system integration, capturing feedbacks within the system and projecting current trends into the future. Therefore, data integration and observing systems should focus on collecting suitable data that can enhance model outputs. The final steps of the EI cycle assess the effectiveness of new environmental knowledge for stakeholder needs and provide options for action to decision-makers.
Fig. 1. Environmental Intelligence Cycle showing the iterative steps of intelligence gathering.
An important characteristic of the EI framework is that it is iterative, meaning the process can move quickly through its steps while still revisiting previous steps later that allow the process to be responsive to the immediate needs at hand. Specifically, the final steps of assessment and decision support often lead to new issues that need to be investigated by the research components of the EI framework. One of the most critical components of the EI construct is the seamless and continuous integration of data, observations and modeling. Disconnects between these steps can lead to inefficiencies and breakdown of the cycle as resources and outcomes become compartmentalized and not well integrated.
When possible, EI should be gathered at as many temporal and spatial scales as possible by using a nested observing framework (Fig. 2). By integrating data collection across a number of platforms—from satellites that can cover large swaths of the Arctic to community-based observers on the ground—actionable information can be gathered more efficiently. The EI Cycle prioritizes the exchange of knowledge between researchers and stakeholders, as this is critical to assessing the responsiveness of investments in data management, observing and modeling. Improvements within and across each of these areas will improve the ability to understand, communicate about, and support decisions in response to the impacts of Arctic change. These efforts, across the scales from community to global, are now of the utmost importance.
Fig. 2. A nested observing framework (adapted from Alessa et al., 2015, Fig. 1) can be applied for the observational steps of the Environmental Intelligence cycle. The base of the pyramid is made up of observing platforms that have the highest spatial coverage (e.g., satellites), but oftentimes the lowest resolution. In stepping up through the pyramid through platforms such as aircraft, land-based observatories, ocean drones and finally community-based observers, the data coverage becomes constrained, but the resolution is greater.
Societal Benefit Areas
The science of what is driving the changes in the Arctic is becoming clearer. However, we need to expand and improve sustained information gathering to provide actionable intelligence and forecasting needed by people of the Arctic and other stakeholders. The issues at stake include food security, cultural survival, environmental and community health as well as emerging opportunities in commerce, trade and issues of national security.
One highly effective way of doing this is to develop EI gathering around societal benefit areas (Table 1), Societal benefit areas can help frame knowledge development that is multi-disciplinary, highly relevant to stakeholder needs, and perhaps most importantly, actionable (IDA Science and Technology Policy Institute and Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks, 2017). The societal benefit areas reveal how values to society accrue the observations and value-added research efforts, like modeling and product development. As such, they can transcend national efforts, making it easier to develop functional evidence that is internationally relevant.
Table 1. Societal Benefit Areas for the Arctic, as identified in 2016 through collaborations between the U.S. Science and Technology Policy Institute (STPI) and the international Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks (SAON).
Fundamental Understanding of Arctic Systems
Infrastructure and Operations
Marine and Coastal Ecosystems and Processes
Sociocultural Services
Terrestrial and Freshwater Ecosystems and Processes
A Case Study
To assess the effectiveness of utilizing the EI framework, it was applied to a 2014 study evaluating the effects of ocean acidification on Alaskan fisheries and economies. Ocean acidification (OA) is defined as the progressive decline in ocean pH that is caused by the accumulation of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) in seawater. The Arctic and subarctic seas are especially vulnerable to OA because a number of natural and human process act in concert to drive down pH and dissolved carbonate mineral concentrations (Mathis et al., 2015b). Alaskan Arctic organisms that strongly depend on dissolved carbonate include crabs, mussels and the low trophic-level organisms like pteropods that are an important food source for finfish such as salmon (Bednaršek et al., 2014). The vastness of areas potentially impacted by OA in the Alaskan Arctic and the associated disruptions to commercial and subsistence fisheries required a unique approach to collect environmental intelligence on this issue.
Following the EI framework, relevant stakeholders and decision support objectives were identified. In this case, a commercial shellfish hatchery in Southern Alaska needed to know if conditions were and would remain conducive for successful operation. This aligned with several key societal benefit areas (Table 1) including environmental quality, food security, marine and coastal ecosystem processes and resilient communities. This issue was also important to regional management and state and Federal policymakers due to the emergent aquaculture industry in Alaska.
The project then moved into translating objective, available data into functional evidence. In this case, there was little environmental knowledge about OA in Alaska, but there were socio-economic data that showed that Alaska seafood is a primary source of protein for 30-46% of residents of the state (Frisch et al., 2014).
With an understanding of the functional evidence, the project moved on to strategically fill observational gaps, with specific consideration as to how those observations could be used in the future step of developing systems-level models. Given the lack of actionable intelligence about OA in Alaska, an extensive observational campaign was put into place that collected millions of ocean observations at varying temporal and spatial scales. Some of these observing systems were deployed at a high intensity for a few days over a wide area (i.e., a ship-based survey), while others were deployed for several months at shore-based facilities. Observations were focused in the region adjacent to the shellfish hatchery as well as across the entire Gulf of Alaska for model development and validation activities. The data collected as a part of this observational campaign showed that OA was a chronic environmental stressor (Evans et al., 2014).
Using the new observational results, a systems-level model was developed for the region to assess the impacts of natural and anthropogenic drivers of OA that affect the Alaskan hatchery. The model outputs indicated that currently there is a 5-month window of optimal growing conditions for many juvenile shellfish species. However, model projections indicate that window is expected to close entirely by 2040 (Evans et al., 2015). The model was scaled up to a regional level for other shellfish hatcheries within the Gulf of Alaska that also needed environmental intelligence for their operations. This regional model showed similar outcomes for OA, with conditions becoming challenging for shellfish growth in hatcheries without mitigation efforts by the year 2100 (Siedlecki et al., 2017).
Completing the EI Cycle, we returned to the initial step of our EI case study to determine responsiveness to stakeholder needs. A fully developed risk assessment was established for Alaskan fisheries using the environmental knowledge gathered as a part of this study. These new insights showed that Alaskan commercial and subsistence fisheries are located in seas projected to experience rapid transitions in temperature, pH, and other chemical parameters caused by global change, especially OA. Many of the marine organisms that are most intensely affected by OA, such as mollusks, contribute substantially to the state's highly productive commercial fisheries and traditional subsistence way of life (Mathis et al., 2015a).
The outcome of this first trip through the EI cycle did address the needs identified at the outset of the EI Cycle and supported a number of societal benefit areas. However, the results also identified more decision support areas, which is exactly how the EI Cycle is supposed to work. In this case, from start to finish, the first iteration of the EI Cycle took approximately 18 months, but the project continues today as more environmental knowledge is generated. The faster a project can move through each round of the EI Cycle, the more responsive it can be to both identifying and addressing stakeholder needs and societal benefits.
Global connections to Arctic change are becoming more pronounced, including sea level rise and the propagation of extreme weather events into lower latitudes. It is clear that the New Arctic brings challenges as well as opportunities. In recent years, the Arctic has undergone unprecedented transitions and trends show a clear, stronger and more pronounced signal of persistent warming than at any point in our observational record to at least the late 1800s. The rate and magnitude of these changes challenge the Arctic community to expand and improve sustained information gathering to more effectively provide actionable intelligence and forecasting needed by residents and stakeholders. As shown in the OA case study, the use of the EI Cycle is a highly effective way to respond to the rapid transitions that are underway. Other issues at stake that could benefit from the EI framework include food security, cultural survival, and community health, along with emerging opportunities in commerce and trade.
Alessa, L., A. Kliskey, J. Gamble, M. Fidel, G. Beaujean, and J. Gosz, 2015: The role of Indigenous science and local knowledge in integrated observing systems: moving toward adaptive capacity indices and early warning systems. Sustain Sci., 11, 91-102, doi: 10.1007/s11625-015-0295-7.
Bednaršek, N., G. A. Tarling, D. C. E. Bakker, S. Fielding, and R. A Feely, 2014: Dissolution dominating calcification process in polar pteropods close to the point of aragonite undersaturation. PLoS One, Vol. 9, Issue 10.
Evans, W., J. T. Mathis, and J. N. Cross, 2014: Calcium carbonate corrosivity in an Alaskan Inland Sea. Biogeosciences, 11, 365–379, doi: 10.5194/bg-11-365-2014.
Evans, W., J. T. Mathis, J. Ramsey, and J. Hetrick, 2015: On the frontline: Tracking CaCO3 corrosivity in an Alaskan shellfish hatchery. PLoS One, 10(7), e0130384, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130384.
Frisch, L. C., J. T. Mathis, N. P. Kettle, and S. Trainor, 2014: Gauging perceptions of ocean acidification in Alaska. Marine Policy, 53, 101-110, doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2014.11.022.
IDA Science and Technology Policy Institute and Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks. 2017: International Arctic Observations Assessment Framework. IDA Science and Technology Policy Institute, Washington, DC, U.S.A., and Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks, Oslo, Norway, 73 pp.
Mathis, J. T., S. R. Cooley, N. Lucey, S. Colt, J. Ekstrom, T. Hurst, C. Hauri, W. Evans, J. N. Cross, and R. A. Feely, 2015a: Ocean acidification risk assessment for Alaska's fishery sector. Progress in Oceanography, 136, 71-91, doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2014.07.001.
Mathis, J. T., J. N. Cross, W. Evans, and S. Doney, 2015b: Ocean acidification in the surface waters of the Pacific-Arctic boundary regions. Oceanography, 28(2), 122-135, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2015.36.
Siedlecki, S. A., D. J. Pilcher, A. J. Hermann, K. Coyle, and J. Mathis, 2017: The importance of freshwater to spatial variability of aragonite saturation state in the Gulf of Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 122, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC012791.


[Fasting] is...fierce and not altogether free from danger. I myself have before condemned fasting when it seemed to me to be wrong or morally unjustified. But to shirk a fast where there is a clear moral indication is a dereliction of duty. Such a fast has to be based on unadulterated truth and ahimsa.
Of course, it is not to be denied that fasts can be really coercive. Such are fasts to attain a selfish object. A fast undertaken to wring money from a person or for fulfilling some such personal end would amount to the exercise of coercion or undue influence. I would unhesitatingly advocate resistance of such undue influence. I have myself successfully resisted it in the fasts that have been undertaken or threatened against me.
And if it is argued that the dividing line between a selfish and unselfish end is often very thin, I would urge that a person who regards the end of a fast to be selfish or otherwise base should resolutely refuse to yield to it, even though the refusal may result in the death of the fasting person.
One general principle, however, I would like to enunciate. A Satyagrahi should fast only as a last resort when all other avenues of redress have been explored and have failed. There is no room for imitation in fasts. He who has no inner strength should not dream of it, and never with attachment to success.
...When human ingenuity fails, the votary fasts. This fasting quickens the spirit of prayer, that is to say, the fasting is a spiritual act, and therefore, addressed to God. The effect of such action on the life of the people is that, where the person fasting is at all known to them, their sleeping conscience is awakened.


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Jazz Christmas Eve
Friday, December 24, 2021 @ 11:00PM Fri, Dec 24, 2021 @ 11:00PM
First Presbyterian Church, 300 School Street, Clarks Summit, PA 18411
Join us for a rollicking celebration of Christmas Eve with the Presbybop Christmas Eve Band: Bill on piano, Tony on bass, Mike on horns, and the redoubtable Marko Marcinko on drums.
Jazz Noel concert
Monday, December 20, 2021 @ 7:00PM — 9:00PM Mon, Dec 20, 2021 @ 7:00PM — 9:00PM
Firehouse Stage at the Goodwill Theatre, 46 Willow Street, Johnson City, NY 13790
We look forward to a great Jazz Noel concert with the Presbybop (Christmas Eve) Quintet. With Bill Carter, Tony Marino, Mike Carbone, Jeff Stockham, and Tyler Dempsey. Please note: the venue requires proof of vaccination for entry OR a negative covid test within 72 hours before the concert.
Sunday, December 19, 2021 @ 6:30PM — 8:00PM Sun, Dec 19, 2021 @ 6:30PM — 8:00PM
First Presbyterian Church of Carbondale, PA, 76 Salem Avenue, Carbondale, PA
All are invited to a free holiday concert with the Presbybop (Christmas Eve) Quintet, featuring Bill Carter on piano, Tony Marino on bass, Mike Carbone on saxophone, Jeff Stockham on trumpet, and Tyler Dempsey on drums.
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text:
Oribatodes mirabilis är en kvalsterart som beskrevs av Banks 1895. Oribatodes mirabilis ingår i släktet Oribatodes och familjen Cepheidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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Bhakti-Tattva-Viveka (Pdf) Version 1.08 Download - By understanding the true nature of suddha bhakti, pure bhakti, one can relish the ultimate goal of all scriptures, the pure nectar of krsna prema as exhibited and preached by Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu.
Sri Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu-bindu (pdf) 1.08 download by Bhaktivedanta Trust Inc (BHAKTI) This great book is a description of the nature of uttama bhakti, its divisions, saddhana bhakti, the stages in the development of prema, love, the angas of bhajana, offences committed in the performance of devotional service, sevaparadha, offences.
Sri Bhakti-rasayana (pdf) 1.08 download by Bhaktivedanta Trust Inc (BHAKTI) While taking Harinama, chanting, and calling out these verses, will increase the ananda, bliss, in chanting. This compilation of verses is known as bhakti rasayana, or the nectar tonic of bhakti rasa.


text:
HPI on TF1: this character changed performers between seasons 1 and 2 – News Séries on TV
The last episode of season 2 of "HPI", broadcast this Thursday evening on TF1, brought its share of surprises, including the change of interpreter of one of the key characters of the first season.
Warning, this article contains spoilers on the last episode of season 2 of HPI, broadcast this Thursday evening on TF1. If you haven't seen it yet, don't read the following lines!
Season 2 of HPI ends tonight on TF1 after 8 episodes rich in twists and turns. And in this latest installment, Roxane (Clotilde Hesme), Karadec's (Mehdi Nebbou) new girlfriend, is in critical condition after her mysterious attack.
For Morgane (Audrey Fleurot), there is no doubt, all of this is linked to the death of Romain, her ex-spouse and father of her daughter, the IGPN agent having reopened the investigation just before the tragedy. With the help of her teammate, she will embark on an investigation to find out what really happened on the day of the death of the man she considers to be the man of her life.
This investigation will lead him to dive back into the past and reconnect with his father, played by Patrick Chesnais, who, against all odds, seems to have a link with Romain's disappearance. And after many discoveries, Morgane and Karadec go to Brighton, where they find themselves face to face with Romain, who is still alive.
A revelation to say the least unexpected which will upset the former cleaning lady and which promises to reserve many surprises for season 3, already in writing.
Change of interpreter
If in the first season, Romain was played in the many flashbacks by Nicolas Baisin, a model who for the occasion held his first role in a fiction, the production of HPI decided, for the new scenes of season 2, to make called on another more experienced actor and thus entrusted the interpretation of this key character to Xavier Hosten, an actor well known to film and series fans.
It was in 2006 that the young Belgian actor made his debut on the big screen in Sylvie Ayme's film, My Girlfriends, alongside Léa Seydoux and Stéphanie Sokolinski. Three years later, he made a remarkable appearance during an episode of season 3 of Les Bleus: first steps in the police, before chaining small roles in TV films for France 2 (Louis XV, the black sun , Fracture) and series like Gears and Interpol.
In 2017, Xavier Hosten co-starred with Julia Piaton and Charles Berling in Glacé, an M6 detective thriller set in the Pyrenees. The following year, he obtained the recurring role of Timo in Maman a tort, a mini-series in 6 episodes adapted from the eponymous novel by Michel Bussi. More recently, Xavier Hosten appeared in season 17 of Alice Nevers as well as in the tenth season of Candice Renoir.
As for Nicolas Baisin, the Roman of the first season, he joined in October 2021 the cast of Tomorrow belongs to us, the daily soap opera of TF1, in which he played Jim Irving, the time of a narrative ark.
Find the last episode of season 2 of HPI this Thursday evening at 9:10 p.m. on TF1. All of seasons 1 and 2 are already available on Salto.


Delete the previous comment as i thot that was for the "My 1st post", used to blogger na, so cdn't identify where to comment. Also it'll be helpful if u'd increase the font size.
Well.. anglophone let not intimidate you! Btw I just came to know about wordpress! I am a newbie!
good going machumbee,u getting better with evry passing day..


text:
Insurers add to misery of flood victims
Small businesses are to be hit with a five per cent rise in their commercial insurance following summer flooding.
Regional broker Jelf said it had been told by three of the largest insurers that they were planning to bring in across-theboard increases by the end of the year, specifically targeting smaller companies. Large businesses would be untouched.
Gina Dixon, managing director of commercial business at Jelf, said the floods would be used as an excuse by insurers to push through the rises. She expected the rest of the market to follow.
Before the floods, increases were expected at the end of 2008.
Simon Briault, spokesman for the Federation of Small Businesses, said that his members had suffered enough this summer without higher insurance costs adding to their misery.
He said: 'Because small businesses operate on tight profit margins they have to constantly assess risk and work out whether insurance is worth it.
'Before the summer a lot of businesses decided not to take out flood insurance and got caught out, which is why we set up a £500,000 emergency fund to help those affected. In an ideal world small businesses would take out insurance for everything.
'If it's the case that insurers take advantage of floods to put up rates, then that's not on.'
Briault added that while rises would not be a surprise because of the billions of pounds insurance firms will pay out to flood victims, he called on the industry to 'be proportionate and not look for a knee-jerk reaction' that would penalise vulnerable companies.


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The /united-states-of-america/new-york-city/suburb-name/ SUBURB Accommodation | Cheap Hotels in SUBURB, United States of America - Webjet Hotels Book hotels and accommodation in SUBURB, United States of America with Webjet. Business or holiday, you'll find great deals on *hotelcount* hotels and read reviews before you book. NOINDEX, NOFOLLOW is the furthest borough north in New York City. It includes the city's biggest park, Pelham Bay, which dwarfs Central Park. There's also the city's best zoo (and one of the US's biggest), the Bronx Zoo, great watering holes and clubs in City Island, Yankee Stadium, and Edgar Allen Poe Cottage. There's over 50 subway stations and half a dozen lines serving the Bronx. Bag a Bronx bargain. Rooms listed below.


Penny Test to Check Tire Tread | When Do I Need New Tires?
Flip the penny over so that the Lincoln Memorial (pennies from 2010 and earlier will have the memorial on the back) is facing you and put the penny between the tread blocks with the memorial upside down. If the Lincoln Memorial is completely hidden, you have more than 3/32 of an inch of tread left.
Whether you go with Lincoln or Washington, both coin tests are also good ways to check to see if your tires are wearing evenly. Simply do the test between other tread blocks and if the measurements aren't the same on all the tire treads, the tires may need to be rotated or your vehicle may require an alignment. Different types of treadwear will indicate how your tires are wearing. If you don't have any coins handy, check to see if the tires' wear bars are showing. Wear bars run across your tires tread pattern from the outside edge to the inside edge. If the wear bar is visible you are in need of new tires as you have hit 2/32" of an inch of tread depth. Most states consider a tire's service life over if any point of the tread is at 2/32" or less. If you are still unsure, your local Pep Boys can evaluate the depth of your tires.
High Quality: Crafted from weather resistant leather grain vinyl.
Easy Installation: Installs easy with no tools required.
Easy clean up: Just wash and go, occasional use of a vinyl protectant will keep your cover looking good for years to come.
"pretty old but don't look beat up" What does that mean? Is there cracking of the sidewalls, are the knobs on the tread no longer sharp and flexible? Are there any cuts or other damage to the casings? If not, the tires can still be used and if so, replace them. Don't exceed your skill and ability to maintain control on wet surfaces.
When does a car need new tires.
The best way to tell when your car needs new tires is by driving it, and seeing if it is handling worse or different than normal. If it takes more effort to steer, or driving in water is more difficult, or if the tread on your tires is worn down.


SMYRNA, Tenn. –The presidents of Motlow State Community Collegeand Middle Tennessee State Universitysigned an agreement Tuesday that highlights the pathways for Motlow students with associate degrees to move seamlessly to the four-year university.
The agreement, signed on the college's Smyrna campus with MTSU President Sidney A. McPhee, was one of the first official actions by new Motlow State President Michael L. Torrence.
The agreement calls for Motlow to share with MTSU directory information of the college's students so they are included in tailored communications of emails and hard-copy mailings that support the process of planning for the bachelor's degree after successful completion of the associate degree.
Also, the agreement says Motlow students who agree to participate in the MTSU Promise will sign a "reverse transfer" agreement, meaning if they fail to complete their associate degrees prior to transfer, they would automatically receive their associate degree from Motlow once sufficient credits have been completed at MTSU. MTSU is No. 1 in the state in using the reverse transfer process.
Deb Sells, MTSU's vice president for student affairs and vice provost for enrollment services, said the application deadline annually is Feb. 15, which means the majority of participating Motlow students will have completed 60 credits before transfer.


Getting your wisdom teeth removed during the teenage years is a rite of passage for many people, and it's thankfully a procedure that is minimally invasive and takes just a short amount of time from which to recover. In the days that follow this procedure, it's important to be aware of how well the incisions are healing — especially if you had impacted wisdom teeth, resulting in more of an extensive procedure.
Are your teeth less than ideal? Do you realize that you need dental help, but you're not sure if you can afford the treatment necessary to get your mouth looking and feeling its best? Dental care can seem too expensive and out of reach for many people, even if you have an insurance plan. After all, many dental plans can be highly restrictive regarding exactly what is covered and how much they'll pay for the treatments that are covered.
Just because you're an adult doesn't mean you can't get the straight, healthy smile you've always wanted with the help of braces. Here are a few good reasons to consider getting fitted for clear aligners instead of metal braces: Maintain Your Look One of the best reasons to choose clear braces over metal ones is to have the ability to maintain your look. Clear braces will not distract people when you're talking to them like metal braces would.
Tartar buildup on your teeth increases your chances for both tooth decay and gum disease. While regular dental cleanings are the single best thing you can do to control plaque buildup overall, there are also steps you can take at home to help minimize plaque and tartar formation between dentist appointments. The following tips will help. Tip #1: Update your brush Simply switching from a standard toothbrush to an electric model can help minimize tartar buildup, simply because electric brushes do better at breaking up and removing tartar in its early stages.


Background: Reduction in the maternal morbidity has been the key strategy towards achievement of Millennium Development Goal. Despite exhaustive measures at all levels, the decline has been slow. WHO in 2007 established a technical working group to identify cases of severe acute maternal morbidity. It served dual goals to identify the causes and pointing out delays leading to SAMM. SAMM is now an established superior indicator of surviving women's health and allows uniform comparisons. The present study was conducted with an aim to identify cases of SAMM at our centre. The objective is to determine the frequency of maternal near miss and conduct an epidemiological survey.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and ICU of School of Medical Sciences and Research, Greater Noida, from November 2014 to October 2017. All the cases identified as SAMM, as per WHO 2009 criteria (modified according to the local protocol), were included in the study.
Results: During the study period there were a total of 2252 delivery, out of which 2051 were live births. There were 123 SAMM cases and 47 were excluded out of study. So, study was done on 76 cases of SAMM, and on 11 maternal deaths in the study period. Calculated MNM incidence ratio was 37.05 per 1000 live births. A mortality index of 12.64% was calculated. MNM to maternal death ratio was 6.9:1. Major identifiable cause for SAMM was hypertension (35.5%)), followed by haemorrhage (18.4%). Haematologic system was the commonest organ system involved. 67.8% of the admissions were done in critical condition.
Conclusions: Maternal mortality and SAMM cases shared characteristics, and study of SAMM cases can provide an insight into the causative etiology and give time for early intervention.
World Health Organization, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank. Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2008. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2010.
Campbell OM, Graham WJ, Lancet Maternal Survival Series steering group. Strategies for reducing maternal mortality: getting on with what works. The lancet. 2006;368:1284-99.
Freedman LP, Graham WJ, Brazier E, Smith JM, Ensor T, Fauveau V, et al., Practical lessons from global safe motherhood initiatives: time for a new focus on implementation. The Lancet. 2007;370:1383-91.
Pattinson RC, Hall M. Near misses: a useful adjunct to maternal death enquiries. British Medical Bulletin, 2003;67:231-43.
Pragti Chhabra. Maternal Near Miss: An Indicator for Maternal Health and Maternal Care Indian J Community Med. 2014;39:132-7.
Roopa PS, Shailja V, Lavanya R, Pratap K, Murlidhar VP, Jyothi S. "Near Miss" Obstetric Events and Maternal Deaths in a Tertiary Care Hospital: An Audit. J Pregnan Vol. 2013.
Priyanka Kalra, Chetan Prakash Kachhwaha. Obstetric near miss morbidity and maternal mortality in a Tertiary Care Centre in Western Rajasthan. Indian J Public Health. 2014;58:199-201.
Wanchai Wianwiset. Maternal Near Miss (Severe Morbidity) at Sisaket Hospital. Thai J Obstet Gynaecol. 2012;20:69-76.
Jayaratnam S, De Costa C, Howat P. Developing an assessment tool for maternal morbidity "near-miss"-a prospective study in a large Australian regional hospital. Aus NZ J Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;51:421-5.
Siddiqui SA, Tariq G, Soomro N, Sheikh A, Shabih-ul-Hasnain F, Memon KA. Perinatal outcome and near-miss morbidity between placenta previa versus abruptio placentae. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2011;21:79-83.
Maswime S, Buchmann E. A Sytematic Review of Maternal Near Miss and Mortality due to Post-Partum Haemorrhage. Int J Gynecol Obstet: 2017;137:1-7.
Archana D R, Chavan RP, Bhagat V et al. Analysis of near miss and maternal mortality at tertiary referral centre of rural India. J Obstet Gynecol India. 2016;66:295-300.


Honda Cars Philippines has officially launched the all-new Legend Sport Hybrid flagship sedan. It boasts of the latest in driver aids, collision mitigation systems and infotainment systems. The Legend joins the CR-Z as Honda's second hybrid in the local line-up.
Greeting you at the front is Honda's distinct Solid Wing Face grill design and eye-catching Jewel Eye LED headlights. Complementing the front end design are LED daytime running lights, fog lamps and shapely bumper.
Turning to the side, it features a beltline that gently slopes towards the taillights. Completing it all is a set of 19-inch Noise-Reducing alloy wheels that give a 'commanding presence', according to Honda.
The rear section features wrap-around taillights that also use LED lighting. There's a chrome garnish on the trunk and sleek-looking rear foglights. Other equipment that come as standard on the Legend are: power sunroof with anti-pinch function, auto dimming side mirrors, rain sensing wipers and acoustic glass windows.
Dimension-wise, its 4,997mm long, 1,890mm wide and 1,478mm tall. It has a wheelbase measuring of 2,850mm and a curb weigh of 1,976kg.
Stepping inside, the seats are upholstered in Milano leather that are finished in black as standard. Other interior themes such as Seacoast Ivory and Brown Milano will also be available upon order. In addition, the driver and passenger seats come with 8-way power adjustment with 4-way lumbar support. Providing the necessary audio experience is a Krell audiophile-grade 450-watt amplified 14-speaker system.
The traditional gear lever has been replaced with a fully electronic push-button gear selector. It also comes with an electronic parking brake and the Auto Brake Hold feature that was first applied on Honda's HR-V. An 8-inch navigation screen and a 7-inch touch screen infotainment system complete the interior amenities.
Other gizmos fitted inside the midsize hybrid include: automatic climate control for the front and rear passengers, climate-controlled seats, memory function for the seats, steering column and side mirrors, heads-up display, Bluetooth connection, and sunshades for the rear windows and rear windshield.
Powering the all-new Legend is a hybrid powertrain that Honda claims can deliver "V8 performance and inline-four fuel efficiency". It has an Earth Dreams 3.5-liter i-VTEC V6 that benefits from direct injection and Variable Cylinder Management (VCM). It is then helped along with three electric motors that are powered by lithium-ion batteries. With all power sources combined, the Legend delivers 380 PS at 6,500 rpm and 462 Nm of torque available at 4,700 rpm. The engine is coupled to a 7-speed dual clutch gearbox.
"The Legend is the most powerful four-door sedan in Honda's lineup, next to the NSX supercar for the brand," said Toshio Kuwahara, Honda Cars Philippines president and General Manager.
It features a unique torque vectoring system in the rear wheels that is intelligently managed. According to the automaker, it will be able to provide stable handling and better cornering ability by independently controlling the individual motors during braking and accelerating.
Like most hybrids, the front wheels can be driven by the engine alone while the rear wheels can provide pure electric power. In full hybrid mode, the car switches to AWD.
Safety features such as Adaptive Cruise Control, Lane Keep Assist, Forward Collision System, Collision Mitigation Braking System, Blind Spot Information and Cross Traffic Monitor are standard on the Legend. It also has 7 airbags, Vehicle Stability Assist and Hill Start Assist.
Honda also demonstrated via video its unique ability to follow the car in front, maintain a set distance and slow down until a full stop. Once the car ahead is rolling again, simply press "resume" on the cruise control and it will accelerate and keep the same distance again.
Immediately available colors are Crystal Black Pearl, White Orchid and Super Platinum Metallic. Other exterior finishes like Gilded Pewter Metallic, Pomegranate Pearl and Graphite Luster Metallic can be specified upon order.
Mugen and Modulo accessories can also be had either as a complete package or individually bought. Under Mugen, it can be fitted with a carbon fiber front lower spoiler, carbon fiber trunk lid spolier, sports luggage mat and 20-inch aluminum wheels. Over to Modulo, the Legend can be equipped with a front corner under spoiler, trunk lid spoiler, lower door garnish and mudguards.


What does Palletfly have over other wholesalers?
We do ALL the legwork for you. Spend less time searching and more time deciding.
Matching products – we do a side by anyalsis of EVERY SINGLE product listed to ensure that it matches the details on the Amazon page. In fact, we have the vendors double check the listings for potential errors and confirm that items are 100% match to amazon.
Deal with one source that can supply you consistently with good deals that will generate income.
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500+ items under #100,000 on amazon steadily available.
Multiple browsing methods and filters to find exactly what you're looking for.
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We have dedicated teams handling your order to ensure a smooth transaction from start to finish.
Well documented guides & information to help you understand the ordering system.
Our team has processed 1,400+ orders and counting!
Our CEO, Jack Sasson, has over 9 years of experience in the wholesale industry.
Knowledgeble staff and guides that can help you with any issue.


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Q: What happens to sectors marked as bad when HDD is repartitioned? If I have an HDD with some bad sectors and I format the disk (from Windows) or re-partition the disk, will bad sectors still be marked as bad?

A: A long time ago hard drives did not have spare sectors or advanced firmware that did much more than read/write the disk.  This was around the time that hard drives were "full-height" (the height of 2 CD-ROMs) and came with a "defect table" sticker which identified bad sectors on the disk from the factory.
So filesystem support for identifying bad sectors was a necessity, and exists in FAT and NTFS (though by the time NTFS appeared with NT in 1993 I think these types of drives no longer existed or were on the way out).
If you have one of these ancient drives that information is killed when you redo partitions - you have to format and create the filesystem again, and scan again for bad sectors.
These days, spinning hard drives have advanced firmware and spare sectors, and can switch them out "on the fly" without the OS even knowing.  Since the sector is not in line with others physically, it degrades performance.  SMART data will report on this (Reallocated Sector Count).  The OS will only receive a report of a bad sector from a hard drive if the drive is out of spare sectors, which means at this point you ought to replace it.  (Hard drives likely are still manufactured with some existing surface defects that the firmware hides as well.)
The filesystem support for marking clusters as bad is still there in FAT and NTFS, but never used basically.
Anything you do to the filesystem does NOT affect the firmware.  So a simple reformat, or redoing your partitions and reformatting, will not do anything with firmware-managed spare sectors.

A: They will be left alone since they have been marked as bad by the hard disk controller firmware.
There is software that will reset bad sectors (Spinrite for example) if it can. But the standard drive handling simply assumes that a problem seen once may indicate worse problems ahead - a not unreasonable assumption.
If you are seeing bad sectors appear on a drive, it is time to buy a new one, modern drives fail pretty regularly.
Spinrite is sometimes able to fix bad sectors because the way it works effectively recalibrates the drive heads against the physical track of data on the platters. Drive heads may drift slightly out of alignment over time which can cause disk read/write errors since the margins of error on modern drives are microscopic (literally!). So if the drive hasn't actually got a physical error, the "bad" sectors may be recoverable.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
May the sauce be with you! Williams Foods' Chilaca is the new range of sweet and spicy tomato sauces, and a tangy entrant to the Food Review/Symrise New Product Competition.
The changing dynamic of wealth preservation in a sluggish economy By Martine Steinegger Allocca, Senior Vice President at Lombard Odier and William Frank, Assistant Vice President at Lombard Odier. For many High Net Worth Individuals (HNWIs) and Ultra HNWIs (UHNWIs), preserving wealth can be much more important than securing sizeable returns. This may seem like a simple ask however, in a sluggish economic environment, preservation...
Megger celebrates 10 years of DualGround safety It is now ten years since Megger launched the first circuit breaker test instrument featuring its unique and patented DualGround testing techniques, which make an outstanding contribution to the safety of engineers and technicians in the power industry. Sold in impressive numbers over the years, Megger instruments with DualGround capability make fast and accurate circuit breaker timing...
Financial losses can hit SA holiday makers The longer school holiday which takes place over July typically sees many families travel either locally or internationally. There are however a multitude of things that can go wrong while families are away and can cost a small fortune, for example lost luggage, stolen possessions, medical emergencies as well as disasters at home, such as...
dmg events launches key food innovation conference dmg events is proud to introduce the most exciting b2b conference to the food and beverage market. From 27 to 28 September 2018, FoodNext.Africa will bring together startups, food innovators, foodtech businesses, investors and partners who are redefining the food industry from farm-to-fork.
Matus makes a move Matus had spent around 28 years in its operations building based in Durban, but the time has come and to move on and they are now situated at new address in Springfield Park, Durban.
Global investing: No such thing as bad timing Recent studies have revealed that when a disciplined approach to the regular investment of funds offshore is followed, the timing of these transactions is less important than many investors perceive it to be.
FSCA provisionally withdraws the licence of Exclusive Life Financial Services The FSCA received information that Exclusive Life Financial Services (Pty) Ltd ("Exclusive Life") is materially contravening its licensing conditions in that it is purported to be promoting a product that is not lawfully authorized. "Furthermore there are allegations that some investors who have invested money in the scheme have not received the promised returns including...
Marriott volunteer 'locked up' to raise funds for SPCA Marriott's Distribution Manager, Elizabeth Valentine, joined 23 like-minded, community 'champions' who spent a full 24 hours 'locked' in a kennel with one of Kloof & Highway SPCA's rescue dogs in a fundraising effort for their annual Dog Box Challenge.
a.b.e. for Ashburton bridge repairs Three a.b.e. Construction Chemicals' concrete repair and protection products were used for the repair of the Ashburton Bridge over the N3 highway between Pietermaritzburg and Durban.
Cities after COVID-19
Global cities responding to the virus and planning an equitable and sustainable recovery for our people, our planet, and our economies.
The Global Mayors COVID-19 Recovery Task Force recently launched a Statement of Principles for a green economic recovery that says we cannot return to business as usual. Instead, we must strive to build a better, more sustainable, more resilient and more equitable society out of our recovery from the COVID-19 crisis. Almost 40 cities from around the world have endorsed the statement.
C40's strategy to support our cities and their residents as they recover from COVID-19 will be governed by 9 principles focused on promoting equity, enhancing public services, creating jobs for a new economy, and improving resilience to protect against future threats, and more.
C40 mayors have united to launch the Global Mayors COVID-19 Recovery Task Force to rebuild our cities & economies in a way that improves public health, reduces inequality and addresses the climate crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted the world's cities. It is not just a global health crisis, but a social and economic crisis, the effects of which will be felt for years to come.
It is clear that the harm caused by COVID-19 has not been equitable. We, as leaders of major cities across the globe, are clear that our ambition should not be a return to 'normal' – our goal is to build a better, more sustainable, more resilient and fairer society out of the recovery from the COVID-19 crisis.
The Task Force's joint strategy to support the recovery of our cities and their residents from COVID-19 will be governed by these principles:
1. The recovery should not be a return to 'business as usual' – because that is a world on track for 3°C or more of over-heating;
2. The recovery, above all, must be guided by adherence to public health and scientific expertise, in order to assure the safety of those who live in our cities;
3. Excellent public services, public investment and increased community resilience will form the most effective basis for the recovery;
4. The recovery must address issues of equity that have been laid bare by the impact of the crisis – for example, workers who are now recognised as essential should be celebrated and compensated accordingly and policies must support people living in informal settlements;
5. The recovery must improve the resilience of our cities and communities. Therefore, investments should be made to protect against future threats – including the climate crisis – and to support those people impacted by climate and health risks;
6. Climate action can help accelerate economic recovery and enhance social equity, through the use of new technologies and the creation of new industries and new jobs. These will drive wider benefits for our residents, workers, students, businesses and visitors;
7. We commit to doing everything in our power and the power of our city governments to ensure that the recovery from COVID-19 is healthy, equitable and sustainable;
8. We commit to using our collective voices and individual actions to ensure that national governments support both cities and the investments needed in cities, to deliver an economic recovery that is healthy, equitable and sustainable;
9. We commit to using our collective voices and individual actions to ensure that international and regional institutions invest directly in cities to support a healthy, equitable and sustainable recovery.
C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group


TSS can provide highly customized portrait sessions on-location for seniors or other students, families and business needs. Our portrait products include everything from digital downloads with/without graphics for business cards and promotional pieces to large canvas wraps perfect for your living room. Our efficient processes make TSS perfect to meet the needs of large organizations and portraits can be pulled together to create a Virtual Group to be used online, in ads, on signage and more. Plus, we have unique Impact products that can showcase the personality of individuals and groups.
Ask your local TSS representative what is right for you.


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Underberg ist ein Ort im Distrikt Harry Gwala, KwaZulu-Natal in Südafrika. Er liegt an den Ausläufern der südlichen Drakensberge; darauf geht auch der Name zurück. 2011 hatte Underberg 2694 Einwohner.

Die Haupteinnahmequellen der Stadt sind Landwirtschaft und Tourismus.

Kultur und Sehenswürdigkeiten
In Underberg und seiner Umgebung (in der Gemeinde Dr Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma) ist das Fischen eine wichtige Aktivität. Der Underberg Trout Fishing Club hält die Fischereirechte für über 160 Kilometer Flussläufe und 60 Stauseen.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort in der Provinz KwaZulu-Natal
Dr Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma
Ort in Afrika


text:
Q: Uniformly update jQueryUI Progressbar over N seconds Given a variable N, reflecting a number of seconds, I'd like to have a jQueryUI Progressbar smoothly update from being empty to reflecting completion over that period of time.
In other words, I'd like a function n_sec_progressbar(n) { ... } that shows a progressbar, and over n seconds the progressbar uniformly advances from a value of 0 to 100.
Before I go ahead and start fiddling with setTimeout on my own, I'd be grateful for any suggestions or direction towards something like this that's already been done.
Thank you for reading.
Brian

A: I would think it would be easier just to write your own custom progress bar using the callback of animate() (jQuery core API). That would give you the most control for a loading animation like that.

A: Make a function like this
(function( $ ) {
    jQuery.fn.fillProgressBar = function(option){
    var settings = jQuery.extend({
        fromValue : 0,
        toValue : 0,
        interval : 1000
    },option);

    function fillProgressBar(element,initialValue,toValue,interval){
    //  console.log("out "+initialValue);
        if(initialValue<=toValue){
        /*  $j(element).progressbar({
                value : initialValue++
            });*/
            $j(element).progressbar( "value", initialValue++ );
        //  console.log(initialValue);
            setTimeout(function(){
                fillProgressBar(element,initialValue,toValue,interval);
            }, parseInt(interval/toValue));
        //  console.log("in "+initialValue);

        }
    }
    fillProgressBar(this,settings.fromValue,settings.toValue,settings.interval);
    return this;
};})( jQuery );

and make calls as
$j("#progressBar").progressbar({
    value:0 });

$j("#progressBar").fillProgressBar({toValue : progressBarValue,
    interval : 1000});


If you really want to attack abdominal fat and flatten your waist, there are foods you must give up (fried, sugary, and salty foods). You will need to replace them with foods that I call "belly fat attack foods." According to a recent review from Copenhagen University Hospital, Two of the most effective foods for reducing belly fat are fruits and vegetables. You want to replace carbohydrates from sugar and refined grains (like white bread) with carbs from fruits and vegetables.
Fruits and vegetables keep you feeling full longer, and they are believed to have high levels of antioxidants like vitamin C and beta-carotene which fends off belly fat. However, there are certain fruits that are high in sugar. You want to be careful on the amount that you consume. I will share these tomorrow.


The first step in Venezuela's opposition campaign to recall President Nicolas Maduro has been approved, the national election council has announced.
The council said the opposition had succeeded in gathering 1% of voter signatures in all 24 of Venezuela's states.
The move is the first part of the opposition's push for an early end to Nicolas Maduro's term in office.
In a further twist, the Supreme Court suspended opposition activity in Venezuela's parliament.
The court said activity would be frozen until three opposition members being investigated for vote-buying were removed.
The country is going through a political and economic crisis, which has led to shortages of basic goods and looting.
The inflation rate is one of the highest in the world and there are long queues outside shops.
The election council said Nicolas Maduro's opponents had cleared the threshold of obtaining 200,000 valid signatures on a petition demanding that the president face a recall referendum.
The council did not set a date for the next stage of the lengthy recall process – when the opposition will need to collect four million signatures in just three days.
The opposition accuses Nicolas Maduro's administration of mismanaging the economy.
He was elected in April 2013 and his term runs until 2019.
Correspondents say election council head Tibisay Lucena provided the president with a major fillip by stating that claims of widespread fraud in the opposition petition should be investigated.
Tibisay Lucena said the authorities had detected more than 1,000 apparently falsified signatures.
"The electoral authority will ask the state prosecutor's office to investigate," she said.
However, Tibisay Lucena made clear that 98% out of about 408,000 signatures gathered by the opposition Democratic Unity (MUD) coalition – twice the minimum required in the initial phase – had been validated.
The government made clear that it was determined not to allow a referendum this year.
It has initiated nearly 9,000 lawsuits around the country in an effort to try to halt the referendum push.
Correspondents say timing is vital because if President Nicolas Maduro loses a referendum this year – as polls suggest he will – a new presidential vote will be triggered, giving the opposition a chance to end 17 years of socialist rule.
If the president loses a referendum in 2017, he would be replaced by his vice-president, effectively ensuring the socialist party remains in power until the next presidential election scheduled for 2018.
Opposition leaders want Tibisay Lucena immediately to announce a date for the collection of 20% of signatures in order to trigger a referendum as soon as possible.
How Does Tech Keep Us Safe On The Roads?


Applicant(s) Name: LG. Information and Communications Ltd.
Abstract A cellular asynchronous transfer mode packet network and a method for transferring packet data in the same is disclosed. A virtual circuit is established between a serving radio network controller and a target radio network controller, or between the serving radio network controller and a target packet data node. Also, individual packet paths are established between the serving radio network controller and the target radio network controller or between the serving radio network controller and the target packet data node through a mobile packet router. Individual data blocks of the packet data or packet sessions are multiplexed/demultiplexed over the virtual circuit on the basis of a service specific convergence sub-layer protocol. The multiplexed/demultiplexed data blocks are routed according to authenticated destination identifiers.


This essay analyzes Robert Burton's methodological approach to the subject of melancholy and draws comparisons between Burton's method of inquiry and the 17th-century scientific method at large. Burton's sources are hence examined and two epistemological lines of influence are singled out, one being characterized by deductive procedures (Galen, Ramus), and the other by inductivism (Hippocrates, pseudo-Hippocratic representation of Democritus). Combined by Burton, these traditions inspired the structure of Burton's Anatomy, which allowed the concurrence of multiple opinions that mutually interact and automatically correct one another within a cento-like text.