text:
Tattoo Freeze 2011 Supplement
Published: 23 March, 2011 - Featured in Skin Deep 196, March, 2011
It's the first tattoo convention of the calendar and the call of the needle brought hundreds upon hundreds to the second annual Tattoo Freeze as we exposed ourselves to a bigger and longer event than the previous year. Would it rain, would it snow, would it shine? We didn't know any better than you, but we built it anyway - and you came...
"Are they going to stay like that all weekend?"
"That's what being a luchadore is all about mate. They might take their masks off to work tomorrow, but you'll never see them unmask in public. It's all about honour and mystery - you should get yourself one..."
So went a late pre-Freeze Friday night conversation with the security guard in the car park - part fascinated by finding the three masked luchadores had actually come here to work and part wondering exactly what the weekend was going to hold in store for him. He could probably be forgiven for thinking it was going to be unparalleled in his experience the next morning, when those same sleepy luchadores turned up again alongside an entire legion of roller-girls, a fleet of cars and bikes that appeared to have come straight out of a Ridley Scott adaptation of the Wacky Races cartoon and previously mentioned legions of tattooed people (natch). Later that weekend, said same security guard could be found in the relative tranquility of the ice sculpting. Tricky business guarding ice...
So began Tattoo Freeze. I think the absolute majority of us were simply pleased that this year, the snow hadn't made an appearance to unleash chaos unbound. Unlike Tattoo Jam, which officially has an artist Friday to allow everybody time to bed themselves in, Freeze is an altogether more intimate family affair and the Saturday morning proved to be just that, with more families coming to see what was going on than last year - to be honest, we didn't know what to expect having doubled the show into twice the space of last year and adding an extra day to do it in. It would have been fantastic to see miles of fans queuing around the block at 10.30 in the morning (as we did last year), but in the event what we got instead was a non-stop stream of traffic (the human kind) all day long - and all of the next day as well, which was great as nobody was in a rush and it made for a really relaxed show.
First of all, some words on the reason we were all there in the first place: the tattooists. Many had bookings from the minute the doors were unlocked, others came purposely not having taken any pre-bookings to see what the event would bring - and not one went much longer than fifteen minutes before some willing skin unfolded itself before them. Of particular note on this Saturday was the piece that Remis (Remis Tattoo) spent his entire afternoon and evening on - so fine was the work that apart from Stuart, Shelley, myself and the security guard (eager to lock up and go home), there was nobody left in the complex. Was it worth waiting for? And then some! We've seen our fair share of Dia De Los Muertos styled tattoos over the last few months, but I fear no matter how good our photography, it will never do justice to the colour and detail that sprang out of this. Also worth mentioning here is that one of my tattoo heroes made an unexpected appearance - I think I kept a cool head and didn't let on (and with a bit of luck, maybe he won't read this), but for all of my "look forward and find the new talent" ethos, it was a total gas to have Sean Vasquez ask if I could spare him a few column inches to mention his new studio (Triple X) in London.
Saturday culminated of course in the judging of the days events and all I have to say on that subject, is it's always a shame there can be only one winner. Not a shame of course for the winners but with so much excellent work kicking about, it can be pretty tough to draw the line sometimes. Still, in hindsight, justice was served and all the winners were thoroughly deserving - watch out as we plot their progress in the "wild" with features in the magazine in the coming months.
The Sunday took off to an equally fine start - albeit with some rather squinting eyes and ringing heads. Sunday could be summed up as the day in which ladies were painted, ice was magically transformed into a celtic cross, bikes were stunted on and boards were flipped every which way but loose - and I know it's wrong to love to see a rider take a fall, but it's massively enjoyable and part of the reason you watch those events. Well, so long as they get back up uninjured.
On the tattooing front, I had a little more time to take in the work at the show (the Saturday was a little lost for me with shooting some video interviews for Big Tattoo Planet) and I found myself hanging out with the other onlookers as Xoil worked his magic on a quite fantastic specimen. I watched Mat Lapping create some of the killer piece that won him (yet another) award at one of our shows and finally caught up with some of the people I'd been meaning to since I started here - namely (but not explicitly), the guys at Rock n Roll Tattoo, John Anderton, Louis Molloy, Derek Nelson, Remis, Tribo, the crew at Flaming Gun - sadly - or not as the case may be - I didn't get to sit down with everybody simply because they were busy! That's gotta be a good thing. You know when an artist is on the big ladder upwards when you can't even catch a minute to say hi to them - and so it was with the crew at Tribo who were reaping the rewards of serious talent and hard work the entire weekend.
Sunday judging was even harder than the previous day. With some pieces being carried over from the Saturday and the best of convention pulling art that we didn't even know had taken place to the stage, Jim Smallman did his "thing" and kept
us all in order and I must acknowledge here, the Best of Convention winner - Meehow at No Regrets - on a unanimous victory from the judging panel.
As mentioned previously, Tattoo Freeze also has it's fair share of events and there was no escaping them this year. The Rollergirls Derby with a riotous assembly of vocal onlookers particularly made its presence felt. For those of you unfamiliar with the sport, it's a full contact event that at first glance appears to simply consist of girls skating and having nasty accidents, but once you understand the mechanics of the jammers, pivots and blockers, it miraculously turns itself into an adrenaline fueled barrel of fun. It's very, very addictive to watch and kudos must go to the The London Rockin' Rollers, Central City Roller Girls, Auld Reekie Rollergirls and of course, the eventual winners of the Derby, the London Rollergirls for making the event a very cool and valuable addition to the show.
Busily cataloguing the weekends action, were the guys with the spray cans (and whatever else they could lay their hands on) at Graffiti Life. The show wall they created across the weekend was really something to behold and a valuable topic of conversation for those queuing for tickets - as the weekend progressed, so the wall grew bigger until finally on Sunday evening, it was complete - a totally unique piece of work that we brought home with us. These guys are something else and are starting to take graffiti art to another level - watch out for them in the world. They have big plans and a cooler bunch of guys I have never met. Plug? Why not - you can check them out over at graffitilife.co.uk.
The Freeze was also the time to announce the results of the National Photography Competition. To be frank, the standard of the entries was more than we had ever expected and those on display caught the eye of the public too prompting just as much discussion as we had hoped for. The winner (by public vote) was SLEEVES by Davee. This won't be the last you've heard of the competition either. Budding photographers, stay tuned...
As I'm running short on space now, I need to wrap it up and give honourable mentions and credit where it's due: Tim and Druids Brew put in a couple of great acoustic sets and it's good to see that Pumpkin is still hanging on in there (that would be his VW), Glacial Art, those damed talented ice sculptors brought something new to the table this year too and were more than happy to talk about the process of crafting art from ice - these guys even make their own ice in transportable blocks - really impressive if you've never seen them in action.
Finally, it wouldn't be a personal show review if I didn't mention the motors... a fine ensemble of cars and bikes made it to the show but standing head and shoulders above all others was that beautiful 1971 El Camino. Man, that had my name written all over it. Money might not buy you love but it would have gone a long way to securing a ride home...
Suffice to say, none of this would have been possible without the help of the event sponsors - namely: Tattoo UK, Initial Medical, Barber DTS, Emillion Irons, Paulo Cruzes, Sterling Sterilisers, Plinth 2000 and C&P Medical. Guys - we salute you!
So ended the 2011 Tattoo Freeze. Successful? Fun? Mission accomplished? Yeah - all of those things. The only fact we're unsure of post-event was who won the "who can keep their lucha mask on the longest" competition. I'm kinda hoping that it's still ongoing and will spill over to Tattoo Jam. Now that would really be something.
Same again next year? To make sure I didn't miss anything out, allow me to hand you over now to Paula...
From the Pen of Paula Hardy-Kangelos
It's an interesting name for a convention; the title may well refer to the date of the show- It's the first convention of the new year, taking place on the second weekend in January and it is undoubtedly true that it is rather cold in Telford in the winter but the words tattoo and freeze go together in a completely different way too.
Using light reactive chemicals, photography captures a moment in time and preserves that moment forever, "freezing" it for posterity. With photography, the moment becomes a memento, a fragment of narrative from another time and another place. For me, tattoos function in much the same way as photographs, it doesn't matter if the imagery has associated meaning or not as it's the time and experience of being tattooed that is frozen under our skins and carried forward through time by us, the wearers, the tattoo is as much a souvenir of a particular time as any snapshot.
So to be tattooed at a convention is to commemorate a time and a place, as all tattoos do, but this time and place is shared and experienced by others, both at the convention itself and later on, through reports such as this one.
Sharing the experience at Tattoo Freeze were an interesting array of ice sculptors, graffiti artists, roller girls, custom car aficionados and skateboarders – on the surface, all disparate enthusiasms but are all united by a shared interest in another sub cultural practice, tattoos and tattoo art. Skateboarding and BMXing have long been an anti establishment sport and the rock and roll nature of the roller derby girls cannot be denied, tattoos are the force that brings us all together and the presence of other activities at a convention add an extra layer of texture to the sights and sounds, one that fits well with modern tattooing.
While the Roller Derby and half pipe demonstrations provided welcome additional eye candy, the wide array of impressive tattooers had enough strength to stand-alone. Many other UK conventions ensure their success by providing a concentrated style of tattoo art, Tattoo Freeze instead presents the myriad of possibilities of contemporary tattooing through carefully selected individual examples, including International artists such as Scott Winskye and Mike "the
freak" Oureque.
Of course, the great preoccupations of contemporary tattooing, Western traditional and Realism were well represented, traditional artists included Nick Whybrow, Pedro Soos, Rachel Jamie McCartney, of Modern Body Art, Nick Baldwin of Infinite Ink and the winner of the large colour category, Mr Greg of Rock 'n' Roll tattoo, whose triumphant piece exhibited twin desirable attributes, placement and form and excitingly, lady of the moment, Miss Arianna of Skinwear Tattoo in Rimini, Italy, present and authoring her witty, neat and bold tattoos and Realism and it's more stylised cousin, hyper realism was demonstrated by John Anderton, Jaroslaw Baka and Tomasz Kulikowski, amongst others.
Also present were some less definable styles – such as Kamil Mocet's expressive, painterly coloured work, Kamil's Oriental category winner breathtakingly original yet everything you'd hope for in a tattoo.
The Tattoo Freeze event was honoured to be given the opportunity to host tattooer Sean Vasquez, a New York tattooer of recent historical importance, whose plans for a London based studio are soon to realised, heralding a new chapter for his Triple X tattoo shops, a well known and well respected name in tattoo circles worldwide.
The large, calm space of the International Centre offered generously sized booths and walkways, open spaces that benefit artists, customers and onlookers alike, providing adequate space for whole shops to work alongside their colleagues.
Two British tattoo studios of the moment, Creative Vandals and No Regrets were present and many of the best entrants in the competition categories originated from the impressively talented artists from these two tattoo houses.
Mat Lapping of Creative Vandals won Best of Sunday and Meehow of No Regrets received the Best of Show title for his Small Black and Grey category winner. Also from No Regrets, Sass Obuhov produced one of the judge's favourites in the portrait category with his artful imagining of a hyper real portrait of Brick Top from the film Snatch and his No Regrets colleague, Tommi's work is also not to be missed. This Cheltenham shop is proving to be a force of contemporary tattooing.
Despite the slew of up and coming artists present, Tattoo Freeze also welcomed some of the UK's best-known artists, Louis Molloy worked the show providing a rare opportunity to see him creating his artful classics and Britain's bard of black and grey ink, Nigel Kurt took the trophy for the large B&G category.
Those that attended the show will be left with many good memories, fragments of the world of tattoo. Some will have frozen mementoes, better than any photograph, new life-long dermal traces of their weekend in Telford. They will be able to look back on a relaxing, laid back weekend where established tattoo artists worked side by side with the new stars of ink. A show where skateboarders attempted to out drink roller derby girls and great art and custom cars were appreciated by everyone, regardless of their side of the sub cultural tracks.
Roller Derby Rules in a Nutshell
A roller derby takes place on a circuit track, on which players usually travel counterclockwise. The two teams each send five players onto the track — one jammer (scorer), three blockers (defense), and one pivot (a blocker who may become the jammer later in that jam). Helmet covers are used to display the players' positions: a cover with two stars is used for jammers, a striped cover is used for pivots and no cover is used for blockers.
The referee signals the start of jam formation by blowing a whistle. During jam formation, the pack moves counterclockwise, during which time players can change position. All pivots/blockers must remain in the pack (i.e., no more than 20 feet in front of or behind the largest group containing blockers from both teams). When the last person in the pack has passed the pivot line, the referee blows the whistle again, signaling the jammers to take off, and play begins in earnest with a jam.
A jam is a 2-minute period during which the jammers attempt to score points. After passing the pack the first time, jammers earn one point each time they pass an opposing pivot/blocker. Pivot/blockers attempt to assist their jammer through and out of the pack while simultaneously stopping the opposing jammer from exiting the pack. If a pivot/blocker falls or otherwise becomes separated from the pack, she is out of play (i.e., cannot block or assist the jammers) until she rejoins the pack.
The first jammer to legally pass all pivots and blockers once the jam begins wins the status of lead jammer for the remainder of the jam. The lead jammer can decide to end the jam at any time before the 2 minutes are up. She does this by placing her hands on her hips repeatedly, which signals the referee to officially call off the jam.
After a lead jammer has been established, both jammers have the option of passing their positions to their teams' respective pivots (passing the star). This is done by removing the 2-star helmet cover and handing it to the pivot. The pivot then becomes the jammer, and the jammer becomes a blocker for the remainder of the jam. If the original jammer was the lead jammer, the position of lead jammer is not passed on; the position is forfeited for the remainder of the jam.
To impede the progress of the opposing team's jammer, players may block using body parts above the mid-thigh, excluding forearms, hands, and head. Elbows may not be used in blocking, and cannot be swung at other players or used to hook an opponent's or teammate's arm. If a player forces an opposing jammer out of bounds, the jammer re-enters behind the player.
At the end of each jam, there is a 30 second break, during which time teams may replace players or switch positions. Players then return to the starting lines and continue to play until the end of the period. Each game consists of two 30-minute periods.
Penalties are given to skaters who skate or block illegally, engage in misconduct, and for other illegal procedures. Penalties can be minor or major. Four minor penalties accumulated by same player or a major penalty leads to the player being sent to a penalty box, usually for 1 minute. Jammers, after passing the pack the first time, score one point for passing each opposing skater in the penalty box. Skaters who incur seven visits to the penalty box or engage in egregious acts of misconduct are expelled from the game.
Got it? Good!
Small B&G: Meehow - No Regrets
Small Colour: Richard Smith - Five Magics
Large Colour: Mr Greg - Rock and Roll Tattoo
Tribal & Celtic: Xavier Joubert - Eds Head
Best Of Saturday: Xoil - Needles Side
Oriental: Kamil Mocet - Hell to Pay
Large B&G: Nigel Kurt - Funhouse
Portrait: Rakhee Shah - Xotica
Backpiece: Julie Clarke - Flaming Gun
Best of Sunday: Mat Lapping - Creative Vandals
Best of Convention: Meehow - No Regrets
Roller Derby Winners: London Rollergirls
Text: Sion Smith & Paula Hardy Kangelos; Photography: Eleri Griffiths, Rafal Jachimczyk, Gaz Evans & Aga Gololewska
Skin Deep 196
Tattoo Freeze (2010)
Creation - Custom Bike & Tattoo Show
Return of the Living Dead Girl: Ivonne Koerner aka Miss Ivi
New York - State of Mind
Mat Lapping & Andy Walker - Vandals Inc.
No Compromise, No Regrets - Sass
John Anderton - Divine Retribution
Smallman Syndrome 191
Tribo - The Tattoo Republic, Czech Republic
The Modern Face of Traditional Art - Rachel Jamie McCarthy
The House of Five Magics - Rich Smith of Five Magics Tattoo
Hell on Wheels - Roller Girls
The Big Chill - Tattoo Freeze 2012
Tattoo Freeze 2013
Businesses:
Remis Tattoo
Tribo Tattoo
Flaming Gun Tattoo
Modern Body Art
Infinite Ink
Skinwear Tattoo
creative VANDALS
Funhouse Tattoos
Needles Side
Xotica Tattoo & Piercing
Nedz Micro Rotaries
Hdjdjd
Artist Profiles:
pedro[SOoS]
Miss Arianna
Julie Clarke
Michal Kotarski 'Meehow'
Tomasz Kulikowski
Kamil Mocet
Xavier Joubert
Xoil
Rachel Baldwin
Jaroslaw Baka
Derek Nelson
Mat Lapping
Nigel Kurt
Louis Molloy
Aleksandr Obuhov 'Sass'
Sean Vasquez
Thanks Aanderton
Skin Deep 196 On Sale: 9 March 2011 Issue: 196
What else is in Skin Deep 196?
In At the Deep End - 196
Smallman Syndrome - 196
Geoff Ostling - The Illustrated Man
Wat Bang Phra Festival 2011 - Thailand
Picnic at Hanging Rock #3: Rites of Passage 2011 - Craigy Lee
Martin Couley - Geordie Ink
Dan Smith - The Long & Winding Road
Inkoming - 196


text:
Dollar Extends Gains Ahead of U.S. CPI Release
The dollar strengthened in early European trading Wednesday, extending recent gains ahead of U.S. inflation data which could influence Federal Reserve's tapering thinking.
At 2:55 AM ET (0755 GMT), the Dollar Index, which tracks the greenback against a basket of six other currencies, traded around 0.1% higher at 93.097, hitting its highest level since the start of April.
USD/JPY rose 0.1% to 110.67, the highest since mid July, EUR/USD was largely flat at 1.1717, near a four-month low, GBP/USD was 0.1% lower at 1.3830, near a two-week low, while the risk-sensitive AUD/USD fell 0.1% at 0.7340.
The dollar has been on the rise of late, as improving U.S. labor data and a more hawkish tone from Federal Reserve policymakers have led markets to expect the central bank to begin tapering its asset purchases later this year.
Friday's official U.S. jobs report impressed, with nonfarm payrolls rising by 943,000 in July and numbers for May and June also being revised higher.
Now the attention turns to the second leg of the Fed's dual mandate, with the consumer price index for July due out from the Bureau of Labor Statistics at 8:30 AM ET (1230 GMT).
Analysts are looking for a gain in the headline figure of 5.3% over last year, marginally lower than June's 5.4%, which was the biggest monthly gain since August 2008.
Core inflation, which excludes food and energy prices, is expected to have climbed 4.3% in July
from a year ago against the 4.5% jump in June, which was the quickest pace of increase since September 1991.
Fed Chair Jerome Powell has consistently said the elevated inflation numbers will turn out to be transitory as the economy fully reopens, but another high release could add pressure to the tapering debate.
Chicago Fed President Charles Evans took a dovish slant on Tuesday, saying the current inflation spike shouldn't push the Federal Reserve to tighten monetary policy prematurely, but he's in the minority this week with a couple of his colleagues stating on Monday that inflation is already at a level that could prompt tightening.
"Markets would hardly be surprised over a sizzling inflation report in July," said analysts at Nordea, in a note. "We expect core inflation around 4.8%, likely unhinging Powell and expediting the talk about tapering as early as in September."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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What Are the Black Streaks on My Asphalt Roof?
Michael Gonet is a Sr. Partner with Classic Metal Roofs, LLC located in Massachusetts serving all of Southern New England. For information call toll free 866-660-6668.
Classic Metal Roofs, LLC, is the exclusive dealer for Classic Metal Roofing Systems, Inc. of Ohio in Southern New England. We also represent and supply Englert Metal Roofing Systems of New Jersey.
It is not uncommon to get a phone call in the office where the voice on the other end of the phone asks, "What is the price of a metal roof?" Is the old saying, "If you have to ask, then you probably can't afford it," true? In most cases, I would agree with this saying.
However, when it comes to true lifetime aluminum metal roofing, it could not be further from the truth.
Lifetime metal roofs are installed on homes all over the world today. Here, in southern New England – Massachusetts, southern New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Connecticut – metal roofs are being installed every single day. The level of interest is higher than ever. If the price were not affordable, then why are so many people purchasing them? The average home will need to have its asphalt roof replaced every 17 years. When one considers the cost of stripping off and disposing the old roof, then purchasing and installing a new asphalt roof two times over the next 17 years, that is expensive. Considering that the cost of that asphalt roof will be twice as much when it needs to be replaced in 17 years or sooner.
What we are really addressing here is life cycle cost. What is the true cost of ownership of a metal roof versus the standard asphalt roof that most people end up settling for?
The cost of the asphalt roof over the 17 year period will be significantly more than the lifetime aluminum metal roof. Yes, the initial price of the metal roof is more, but the cost of ownership is far less. The 17 year cost of ownership is less with metal than it is with asphalt. Remember, that is it. There is no additional cost with metal from this point forward as it is maintenance free. It is at this point that the cost of ownership of an asphalt roof, with all of the problems associated with it, skyrockets versus metal. This does not even touch on the environmental benefits, energy savings, curb appeal, or the fact that metal roofs eliminate ice dam issues.
Finding a roof that will hold during a hurricane is no easy task. Just ask the victims of hurricane Katrina. What about the homeowners in Florida that suffered through three hurricanes back to back in 2004? What roofs worked and what roofs did not?
At the time of this writing, New England has been spared a hurricane strike that has caused major damage for quite some time. Have we been lulled into a state where we think it will not happen to us again? After all, the last one we had that was of any significance was "Bob," back in 1991, and before that, it was "Gloria," in 1985. So it has really been about 19 years since we have had any significant hurricane threats. Folks that own property along the coast always have the thought of a hurricane strike on their minds. Just ask someone you know that lives on the coast or owns property there. Cape Cod and the Islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket, in Massachusetts, have also been spared. Coastal areas are of prime concern when it comes to hurricanes, but damage can and has occurred well inland when hurricanes have struck here in New England.
If you are considering a roofing option here in New England, or really anywhere where high winds or the possibility of a hurricane is present, you need to take into consideration the ability of that roof to hold fast in those extreme conditions. If your roof fails during a hurricane, the chances are good that your home will suffer severe damage and you may even experience a total loss of your home and its contents.
What are the choices of roofs that will hold fast during a hurricane? Well, most recently, we turn to Florida and Louisiana for the obvious answer. After the storms subsided, all one had to do was look around. The only roofs left unscathed by these horrific storms were lifetime aluminum metal roofing. This roofing has the highest wind rating in the industry. Metal roofing contractors' lead times went out to two to three years after the storms hit. Maybe if those homeowners had invested in metal roofs before the storm, they could have minimized the damage to their homes. With Federal tax credits now available for these aluminum energy star rated roofs, it may be the time to consider upgrading to a lifetime roof.
We offer hurricane rated aluminum metal roofing that lasts a lifetime and are energy star rated. We are part of a worldwide dealer network.
Being in the roofing business, is it not uncommon for me to be driving down the road looking up at all the roofs to see if I spot anything unusual. One of the conditions I see on a regular basis here in New England are asphalt roofs with these ugly black streaks running down the roof. It does not seem to matter how old or new the roof is either.
I usually spot this condition in "pockets." In other words, I might see roofs for a few hundred yards that are all fine and then "bam," 10 or 12 in a row that have been infected with these ugly black streaks.
How do they get there and what causes them? Let me begin by saying that this is a relatively new condition in asphalt roofing. It seems to have shown up in the 1980s.
Interestingly, it was in the '80s that the asphalt shingle manufacturers began putting more filler in their product in the form of limestone. Here in New England, as in other places across the country, we have an airborne mold called black mold. It can make its home in the trees around one's house, and when it rains and the winds are blowing, it can end up on your roof. There it will attack the limestone, which it loves, and eat it, and as this occurs, the limestone breaks down and it washes out of the shingles with the mold, leaving behind those ugly black streaks.
What can be done about it? Can you eliminate the black streaks? One can try a solution of water and bleach with a pressure washer; it will sometimes help. But if you do it yourself, be careful. It can get slippery and the high pressure water can damage the shingles. However, the condition will probably reappear in a few short months. Frankly, it is a situation you just might have to live with.
One of the best ways to eliminate the problem of black mold is to install a Lifetime Aluminum Roof from Classic Metal Roofs, LLC. Our roof does not support any organic growth. What is the cost of a metal roof? Contact us and we will be happy to provide you with a free estimate.
A carbon footprint is the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused directly and indirectly by a person, organization, event or product. A person, nation, or organization's carbon footprint is measured by doing a GHG emissions assessment. When the size of a carbon footprint is quantified, a plan can be implemented to reduce it.
How can installing a metal roof on one's home reduce one's carbon footprint?
Today's premium aluminum metal roofing is coated in a PVDF resin known as Kynar 500. Depending on the color choice, these roofs can reflect from 25% to 97% of the heat gain that would typically be absorbed into the house. These roofs maintain these reflective characteristics for decades. The roof is usually the least energy efficient element of the building exterior, and the use of Kynar 500 coated premium aluminum metal roofing can make a huge contribution to the energy efficiency of the total house. Most people are unaware that it is buildings, not the transportation segment, of our planet, that is responsible for most of the greenhouse gases generated today, upwards to 48%. A few manufacturers of aluminum roofs use recycled aluminum from industrial scrap, while others use post-consumer recycled aluminum beverage cans. Consider the choice that utilizes the post-consumer recycled aluminum. These roofs are great for the environment. They save energy and will reduce your home's carbon footprint for the next 100 years.
There are federal tax credits now available in 2013 for the installation of these energy star rated aluminum metal roofs. You should check with your individual state for state tax credits as well.
The installation of one of these metal roofs will contribute up to 15 points in the Federal Government's LEED program.
Most everyone here in New England knows why the ice dam leak occurs, so I will not go into great detail on the anatomy of an ice dam leak. However, let me give you a quick summary to refresh your memory. Snow accumulates on the roof. The exterior wall of the house at the eave loses heat, usually due to poor insulation. The heat travels up through the roof and begins to melt the snow. The outside temperature freezes the melt and it climbs up the roof under the shingles. This cycle continues day after day and then it happens … the warm day. The thaw. The water is now under the shingles and makes its way into the house usually along the interior wall at the eave intersection of the roof.
You call your contractor or roofer and they will tell you that the roof was not properly installed. Some will tell you that the insulation needs to be addressed or that the ventilation is not working properly. Can it be fixed? Yes. Anything can be fixed. In some cases, you will want to reconstruct your roof to include proper overhangs and adequate sofit vents with the correct ratio to the ridge vent or gable vents to create convection of air up the roof to keep it cold. Someone might even tell you to build a cold roof. There are always the heating wires you can lay out on the roof, or maybe you could spring for a metal skirt. That is a two foot metal edge around the perimeter of the roof in hopes that the ice and snow will slide off instead of daming. What typically happens with this solution is the ice dam forms further up the roof just above the recently installed "solution" which can further compound the problem.
Some of these solutions could be helpful in correcting the problem. But over time, with an asphalt roof, one will end up with more ice dams even if the ventilation has been corrected.
The permanent solution to preventing ice dams is, simply, a metal roof. They are constructed and installed in such a way as to eliminate the leaks associated with ice dams. Metal roofing has come a long way. Several manufactures offer traditional styles that look like slate and shakes, and of course the contemporary look of standing seam. Some are made of post-consumer recycled aluminum cans, they are Energy Star rated, and are eligible to qualify for a Federal tax credit in 2013. Yes, they do cost more than an asphalt roof, but, with the energy savings and the 100 year life cycle, they are worth considering.
All right, you just figured out you have zero ventilation in your roof. One way to tell that you have no ventilation is if you live in a snow belt and you had ice dams this year or any other year. Another sign of no roof ventilation is the asphalt shingle roof you have just does not last. It curls and gets brittle and cracks within a few years of having it installed. These are sure signs that either your ventilation is not working or that maybe you have no ventilation at all.
There are options. One of the options is to attempt to create an air passage by adding a combination of sofit and ridge or gable end vents. The idea is to get some convection going. Sometimes we see that there is no opportunity to make an airway, so this option might not work.
Another option might be to remove all of the insulation in the roof and replace it with one of the new, more efficient spray-in-place foam insulations that do not require roof ventilation. This can be a fairly costly fix. It depends on the access that you have to the insulation. Do you have to remove interior walls and ceilings to get to it? Sometimes, if you have an older house with boards for roof sheathing instead of plywood, this task can be completed from the outside of the house with less interruption for the home owner.
Depending on the elevations on the roof, a cold roof could be the best answer. If you have dormers and roof to sidewall areas, a cold roof may not work depending on the elevations. A cold roof is basically a roof that is built elevated above the existing roof. Depending on the situation, one can add additional insulation and ventilation very easily, or just ventilation, if that is all that is needed. It can be an economical solution to fixing a big problem.
If you are going to invest the resources to correct the ventilation in your home, why not consider the long term solution of a permanent metal roof? Call and set up an appointment for one of our roofing consultants to do a free ventilation analysis on your roof.
What should the homeowner expect to get for his or her money in the way of a ridge vent for their new lifetime metal roof? Over the years I have seen scores of metal roofs installed. Today many homeowners have opted for the more traditional look of the shingle type of metal roofing. Is the typical ridge vent material used for asphalt shingle roofing the correct choice for metal shingles? Most of the ridge vents used with asphalt shingle installations are made of some type of polymer.
One of the most common is the mesh type that resembles a bird nest. The contractor will install this over the opening at the ridge, and then nail the shingles right over it; the bulk of the mesh is what provides the gap and opening for the air flow. The biggest problem with this type of vent is that it is way too restrictive. It does not allow for enough air flow to come through its woven mesh. The warranty on these products is very limited as well, certainly not as long as the lifetime of an aluminum lifetime roof.
There are other plastic vents out there that are being routinely used with these metal roofs. There is a low profile honey combed vent that lies on either side of the ridge with a built in baffle system. These are fairly common in the marketplace and again have a very limited warranty. When you consider the cost of a metal roof be sure that the vent you are getting is equal to the lifetime quality of the roof itself.
Contact the metal roofing professionals listed below to show you an all metal color co-ordinated linear vent that will last a lifetime and perform as expected.
You are having a metal roof installed on your home in southern New England. All the neighbors are rubber necking as they drive by your home as the workers are diligently going about the installation. Wow, they are thinking, they must have won the lottery to be able to afford that roof. What about all the features and benefits of metal roofing and how do they compare to a regular architectural asphalt roof that most of the population is putting on their homes?
The interest in aluminum metal roofing has grown at an alarming rate over the past several years. In fact, even over the past year with the economy in a downturn, metal roofing interest is still on the rise, and so are sales and installations. When one considers the features and benefits of this lifetime roofing, it is easy to understand why there is such an interest in the product here in southern New England..
Winters have hammered southern New England over the last few years, and especially so this past winter. How do these metal roofs handle those winters? Ask anyone who has one. The answer will be the same. With a metal roof in southern New England, you never even think about the roof. No leaks due to ice dams, just a dry cozy home. Many people have told me that before they had a metal roof installed they were held hostage by their roof in the winter. They could not leave their home for fear there would be a storm when they were away that would cause severe damage to the house. When an aluminum metal roof is installed, you can sell your roof rake.
Many homes here in southern New England are a style called a "Cape." Many of these homes have low-pitched full shed dormers on the back of the house. Unfortunately, these roofs are usually problematic because of the low pitch. They have a tendency to make the rooms below them very hot in the summer. With an aluminum metal roof that is energy star rated, the temperature in those rooms could be as much as 25% cooler in the summer. Asphalt shingles, rolled roofing, or even a rubber membrane, which is black, make the rooms below almost unlivable because of the heat that is transferred from the roof. These are good reasons to consider a metal roof here in southern New England.
Many southern New Englanders have some type of organic growth on their roof. Moss, Algae, Lichens, and those ugly, black streaks are all but eliminated when an aluminum metal roof is installed. Metal roofs do not support any organic growth.
Southern New England has one of the prettiest coast lines and arguably some of the nicest beaches in the East. There are many homes along these coastal areas. The roofs in these areas can take a beating due to high winds and salt air. It is not uncommon to find asphalt shingles in the yard after a nor'easter blows through. Lifetime aluminum roofs have some of the highest wind ratings available today. With hurricane rating, metal roofs can withstand just about anything New England weather can throw at them.
With all of these benefits, including the 100 year life cycle and the federal tax credits,now might be the time to consider a metal roof for your home in Southern New England.
The past few winters have been doozies as far as weather is concerned here in New England. Weather is the driving force behind the relationship between you and your roof.
I have spoken to dozens and dozens of people this spring who have thought about almost nothing else but their roof every time a little bad weather has headed in their direction.
It did not seem to matter how old the roof was, and whether the roof was flat or low pitched, or even if it was a steep pitch. When snow builds up on the roof and creates ice, problems arise, usually in the form of water in the house.
I spoke to a homeowner the other day that told me that he was fearful of going on vacation this past winter. Why? I asked. He said that if a storm came in and he was not here to take care of the snow and ice on the roof, it would cause massive damage in his house in the form of roof leaks. Basically, he was being held hostage by his roof. This scenario was typical of a lot of people this winter, and being held hostage by one's roof has almost become a cliché. What can be done when the roof was just re-roofed with a new asphalt roof a few years ago? Was it a botched job? Were the asphalt shingles defective? Why are the seams on my flat roof coming apart? The fact is, we live in a harsh climate. Temperatures can fluctuate by as much as 50 degrees in a single day. We can go from sunshine to blizzard conditions in a matter of hours. With all this going on, it is important to understand that a roof is the first line of defense against this attack on your home. The average roof that is available today is just that, average. Average isn't cutting the mustard.
When was the last time you heard a homeowner say that? When a roof is doing what it is designed to do, not only do you not talk about it, you just don't think about your roof.
If you have not noticed, start looking up, because these energy-efficient wonders are fast becoming the "Prius" of metal roofing.
It started in the fall of 2007. It was almost as if someone had flipped a switch. The orders for white metal roofing started to increase disproportionately. We had sold a few white roofs over the years, but the sudden interest caught us by surprise.
White is definitely the most energy saving of the roof colors. The PVDF resin finish commonly known as a hI-kynar/Hylar is the finish of choice on high quality lifetime aluminum roofing. The roofs being manufactured in this finish are all Energy Star rated. They are highly reflective and will keep a house substantially cooler in the summer, with some reports of up to 30% cooler. If one is using air conditioning, that equates to a significant savings. If one is not using air conditioning, it means a much more comfortable home in these hot, sultry, dog days of summer.
Another reason so many folks are interested in aluminum roofing is its high post-consumer recycled content. In some cases, as much as 95% of the product could be made of post-consumer recycled aluminum. This is not the case with all manufacturers. Be sure to ask if the roof you are considering is made from this type of material.
With white roof sales approaching a 100% increase over the last year, maybe they are becoming the new "Prius" of the green movement. With energy prices on the rise globally, maybe these folks that put metal roofs on their homes now, especially white metal roofs, will all look like geniuses over the next decade as energy costs soar.
What exactly is a "green" metal roofing contractor? Is it some little alien from another planet that installs Energy Star metal roofing? I am only kidding. A green metal roofing contractor is one that truly cares about the planet. They are good stewards of the environment. How does that get quantified?
If a homeowner is looking to purchase a metal roofing system for their home and is interested in going green, here are a few important considerations. When meeting with your prospective contractors, you should ask them about the product that they are recommending. Does it meet the Energy Star guidelines? Is the roof made from aluminum? The aluminum industry, in its efforts to be "green," has stated that it will have a zero percent impact on the environment within the next 15 years.
Does the manufacturer of the metal roof you are considering use post-consumer recycled aluminum in the product? If so, can they demonstrate it?
What does "post-consumer recycled" mean? Post-consumer recycled material has been put into the marketplace and been used by the consumer. It has then been collected and returned to a recycling facility to be processed and put back into a new product.
Many companies claim their products are made of recycled materials. The fact is, under close examination, one will find that they are made from industrial scrap, which is typically material that they themselves generate in the manufacturing process and reuse.
Another pertinent question to ask is whether the contractor doing the installation is recycling the scrap aluminum material generated at the job site? This is yet another post-consumer source of recycling.
What is the price of metal roofing that has gone green? It is typically no more than aluminum roofing that is not recycled, which is a great reason to consider the product that is kind to the environment. The next time you recycle aluminum cans or anything else that is made from aluminum, know that the cycle is being completed when you purchase a roof made from this material.
Asphalt shingle roofs have undergone some significant changes over the years. Today most are made of spun fiberglass, some with organic or polyester matting, which is then soaked in asphalt and coated with granules to give it that traditional look.
There are several manufacturers of asphalt shingles left; some have gone out of business due to class action law suits. The most common shingle is the standard 3 tab, generally 36 inches x 12 inches. This is the least expensive of the asphalt roof shingles per square foot.
Then there are the so called Architectural Shingles. There are some small differences from one manufacturer to another but they are all very similar. Some are multiple layers laminated together with granules on both sides. They may be a little thicker than the 3 tabs, but, at the end of the day, they are still an asphalt shingle. How long can you expect an asphalt shingle to last here in New England? Our experience is about 17 years on average. However, we have seen some last significantly fewer years.
The insurance industry standard is that an asphalt roof over 17 years old is valued at zero in the event of a loss. They also state that there is no reliable testing that has been done on these products.
Some of the basic characteristics of an asphalt roof are as follows: They are inexpensive. They are easy to walk on (depending on the pitch of your roof). They require the least amount of skill to install. They are prone to wind damage. They do not do well in sun – they get brittle, dry out and crack or cup. They hold snow on the roof, creating potential ice dams. They are available in a large variety of colors.
Choosing a metal roofing contractor requires ample comparative research among the top contractors in the industry and in your location. The factors involved in picking a roofing contractor include, but are not limited to: cost, experience, and reputation.
Because a metal roof is such a large investment for you and your home, simply signing a contract with the first contractor you meet with is the worst possible route. Beware of sales representatives who urge you to sign a contract during the meeting. Any representative who pressures you to sign a contract during your first meeting is not worthy of your business. These representatives care about the profit they make upon you signing a contract, not you. If you fall into this trap, keep in mind that you will generally have three days to cancel a contract. After meeting with a few contractors, do not base your decision on the lowest price – that is almost certainly a mistake. Homeowners have found that paying more is definitely worth it when it comes to making an investment in a metal roof.
Doing business with a contractor who is a metal roofing specialist is absolutely necessary. Perform the background research. Be sure the roofing contractor has all of the licensing and proper certifications for the type of material they will be installing. Verify the legitimacy of the business; do not be afraid to ask for their tax identification, and verification of their workers compensation and liability insurance coverages. Confirm that their insurance covers the entirety of the workers on your property. The importance in such situation is this: In case any of the workers get injured on your property, you want to be sure that you are protected from any potential legal liability, and thus lawsuits. Understand the logistics and time frame of workers' presence on the property – how many and when they will be there. Finally, be sure the company has a viable warranty so you understand (a) which actions could potentially void the warranty, and (b) the remedies available to you in the event of a subsequent issue with the installation.
How reliable is this contractor? Gain an understanding of their reputation. Check out their online reviews and listings on BBB (Better Business Bureau), Angie's List, GuildQuality, and Yelp. These websites frequently contain reviews on metal roofing contractors. Be wary if the contractor has no presence on any of these platforms. Read through these reviews and ensure that this company is legitimate and truly specializes in metal roofs. Pay attention to specific reviews detailing how complaints were resolved – or not. Double-check on their office locations, coverage, and phone numbers. Verify that the company has a list of referrals, references, and drive-by. An experienced contractor in this industry should have a list of at least two dozen references that you can personally call for a referral. Utilize a drive-by list provided by the contractor and check out installations they have done of the products you are most interested.
What is the best choice of roofing material for a home that is situated in a high wind location? Perhaps we should define a high wind location for those of you who are not sure of what constitutes such: A high wind location would be quantified by winds that are potentially at 35 miles per hour or higher. Many regions meet this standard. Coastal homes, whether on the ocean or by a lake, and high elevation homes, whether on a mountain or hilltop, are prone to high winds. Therefore, when one is considering a new roof in such an area, wind resistance of the product should be a major factor in the decision.
As is the case virtually all areas, the most common roofing material choice is asphalt shingles. However, it is not uncommon to find asphalt shingles blowing around the neighborhood after a typical Northeaster blows through here in New England. Why don't they hold up? One of the problems is that standard installation practice involves fastening them only at the top of the shingle, which becomes an issue when the wind is blowing and lifting them. High winds literally rip the shingles right off the roof. Another problem is that they are manufactured using materials which are not inherently conducive to holding up in high winds. The amount of asphalt per shingle used in their production has dropped significantly over the past decade or so. Finally, they are, for the most part, installed by the least-skilled work force and are typically nailed using pneumatic guns – which have a tendency to damage the product during the installation. How about wood roofs? Wood, usually in the form of cedar, generally holds up pretty well to wind. The challenge with cedar is that it needs to be treated annually, a task or cost to which most homeowners take objection. Cedar shingles also do not do particularly well over the long haul. Most of the cedar we replace is in the 15 year range, which is a disappointing lifespan when one considers the cost of a cedar roof. Then, there are the heavy materials: slate, cement, and tile. Most homes do not have the structural integrity to support these types of roofs. And even if they did possess it, the price of these roofs is prohibitive for most people.
So what is the best choice for high wind areas? Let us make a case study of Florida when it got hit with several hurricanes in one short season. When flying over the region for a few years after the hurricanes hit, one could observe a sea of blue tarps covering roofs – mostly asphalt – which had blown off. What were all these folks doing with tarps covering their houses so long after the storms? Many of them were waiting to have new metal roofs installed. Upon looking around it was obvious that the roofs left standing after the storms were largely the metal ones. Some metal roofing contractors went out to 24-36 month lead times once the storms had passed, and people were willing to wait. Metal roofing, especially aluminum, is ideal in areas of salt air or high moisture. Some have wind ratings of 237 miles per hour wind uplift. Look for Dade County, Florida tested metal roofing. Dade County has the toughest building standard in the United States when it comes to wind.


text:
Hulland is a civil parish in the Derbyshire Dales district of Derbyshire, England.  The parish contains nine listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.   All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest". The parish contains the village of Hulland and the surrounding countryside, and the listed buildings consist of houses, cottages and associated structures, and a church.

Buildings

References

Citations

Sources

Lists of listed buildings in Derbyshire

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
'Ehsaas Tahafuz' supports patients facing catastrophic health expenditures
"Since cancer treatment is most expensive, Ehsaas Tahafuz is now ready to integrate cancer related packages in its scope of support", Dr. Sania
By Staff Reporter On Feb 5, 2022
Islamabad: This world cancer day, Ehsaas Tahafuz has announced its policy to extend support to cancer wards across Pakistan.
In Pakistan, it is estimated that over 170,000 new cancer cases are reported every year. According to estimates, cancer is responsible for the highest deaths in the Pakistani population, and the most common cause is the inability of patients and their families to bear the catastrophic health expenditures.
Ehsaas Tahafuz is the government of Pakistan's sister program alongside Sehat Sahulat to protect the vulnerable population from catastrophic health expenditures. Tahafuz is now rapidly scaling up nationwide, after a successful pilot over the last two and a half years in Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi. The program supports patients facing catastrophic health expenditures, who are not covered by Sehat Sahulat. A facilitation desk has also been established at the Holy Family Hospital to identify the eligible patients for Tahafuz. The program is already running in 10 hospitals and has 900 packages across 21 departments.
"We have taken a principal decision to include cancer packages in Ehsaas Tahafuz", said Senator Dr. Sania Nishtar, SAPM while speaking to media at the hospital. Cancer, she said, is the single commonest cause of catastrophic health expenditures. "Since cancer treatment is most expensive, Ehsaas Tahafuz is now ready to integrate cancer-related packages in its scope of support", Dr. Sania further added.
Dr. Sania also visited the Holy Family Hospital to meet the cancer patients being treated under Ehsaas Tahafuz. At the hospital, Dr. Sania was welcomed by Medical Superintendent, Dr. Shazia Zeb, and her team. SAPM took a round of the hospital and met with cancer patients and their families.
Later, Dr. Sania also held a meeting with the technical team of medical experts, hospital administrators, and program verifiers to review the progress of Ehsaas Tahafuz.
COMSTECH and MSTF Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation
Pakistan, China ink framework agreement on industrial cooperation under CPEC
World Bank approves $200 mln to support agriculture sector in Punjab
Pakistan, Turkiye agree to augment military cooperation
China pledges to strengthen economic, trade, investment cooperation with Pakistan:…
World Bank approves $200 mln to support agriculture sector…


text:
Q: Issues with Recursion using Python 3 My question is about what python is doing while recursion works. I get the concept but it seems what's explicit in a loop is implicit in a recursive algorithm. I've seen examples where the recursion will loop through and then step back through to get the answer. Which I don't get. It's like code is happening that I didn't write.
I can't help 'seeing' the return statement return an equation instead of building an equation and returning the answer.
There are some examples of recursion that just make sense but the Fibonacci and factorial type algorithms are confusing. ( disclaimer: I don't want a lesson in fibonacci or factorials ^_^.)
def main():
    num = int(input("Please enter a non-negative integer.\n"))
    fact = factorial(num)
    print("The factorial of",num,"is",fact)

def factorial(num):
    if num == 0:
        return 1
    else:
        return num * factorial(num - 1)

main()

if we do !10 I can't help but think it should return the result of each of these equations and loop over that. I'm not sure how python is working through this in memory. Or how it knows that it needs to return the value of 10*9*8*7*6... etc
instead of returning
return 10 * (10 - 1)
return 9 * (9 - 1)
return 8 * (8 - 1)
I know the return calls the function so it can't return anything... but what does it do with the value it already found without overwriting the variables and losing it's place?
Is it staring me right in the face or is there something I just don't know?

A: Think about it as a math problem. If you know the answer to !9, how would you calculate !10? You simply have to multiply the value of !9 by 10.
That's exactly what the recursive function is doing; it simply expresses the factorial of num as the same thing as num times the factorial of num - 1. The only number for which that doesn't work is 0, but the factorial of 0 is known, it is 1.
So, the factorial of 10 is basically:

*

*10 * factorial(9) ==

*10 * 9 * factorial(8) ==

*10 * 9 * 8 * factorial(7) ==

*10 * 9 * 8 * 7 * factorial(6) ==

*10 * 9 * 8 * 7 * 6 * factorial(5) ==

*10 * 9 * 8 * 7 * 6 * 5 * factorial(4) ==

*10 * 9 * 8 * 7 * 6 * 5 * 4 * factorial(3) ==

*10 * 9 * 8 * 7 * 6 * 5 * 4 * 3 * factorial(2) ==

*10 * 9 * 8 * 7 * 6 * 5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * factorial(1) ==

*10 * 9 * 8 * 7 * 6 * 5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 1 * factorial(0) ==

*10 * 9 * 8 * 7 * 6 * 5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 1 * 1
Note that each factorial() call gets a new set of variables. No overwriting takes place; it is a whole new, fresh call to the function. The value of num in each call is entirely independent from all the other calls to the function.
If it helps, try using a notebook to trace the function information. Write down the variables on a page, updating them as you step through the code manually. For every new function call, turn over the page and start on the next piece of paper, writing down variables there. You'd write 10 on the first, then 9 (num - 1) on the second page, etc. Returning means taking the returned value, ripping out the page from the notebook and going back a page in the notebook, to update the variables there with that return value.
Python does the exact same thing, using frame objects to track the variables. Each function call is a new frame, and frames are discarded again when a function returns. All the variables for that call are gone with the frame.
Also, Python doesn't care you are re-using the same function here. You could have created 11 separate functions, each with a separate name and a separate num name:
def factorial10(num10):
    if num10 == 0:
        return 1
    else:
        return num10 * factorial9(num10 - 1)

def factorial9(num9):
    if num9 == 0:
        return 1
    else:
        return num9 * factorial8(num9 - 1)

def factorial8(num8):
    if num8 == 0:
        return 1
    else:
        return num8 * factorial7(num8 - 1)

# ...
# etc. all the way to

def factorial0(num0):
    if num0 == 0:
        return 1
    else:
        return num0 * factorialminus1(num0 - 1)

and Python would not see any difference between those functions and the original. The exact same work would be executed, but instead of reusing the same function you are using a different function object with identical behaviour. Only the names changed.
So, recursion is just a clever way of chaining together a whole series of function calls. Those function calls are all separate, they don't care about what the local variables of the other functions are doing. Python doesn't have to 'know' anything, it just has to execute the function for you, and when it comes across another function call, execute that function call and use the return value. That that function is the same function or a different one doesn't make any difference.

A: This is a tough question to answer in a fully authoritative way -- I think different people have different ways of thinking about recursion. My way of thinking about recursion is to force myself to think in a very disciplined, abstract way about what a function is. A function is just a mapping. That's simple in principle, but easy to forget in practice, especially if you're used to thinking in imperative terms -- that is, to thinking about programs as sets of instructions.
Forget about instructions for a moment, and think about the factorial function in its most abstract form:
X               Y
--------------------
0    ------>    1
1    ------>    1
2    ------>    2
3    ------>    6
4    ------>    24
5    ------>    120
6    ------>    720
...

Don't worry for now about how to calculate this. Just think about the abstract mapping. Now let's think about how to make a recursive version of this function. What do we need? Well, we need a function that creates a different mapping -- not a mapping from [1, 2, 3, ...] to factorials, but a mapping from one value of Y to the next. In other words (using lower-case now):
x               y
--------------------
1    ------>    1
1    ------>    2
2    ------>    6
6    ------>    24
24   ------>    120
120  ------>    720
720  ------>    5040
...

Now let's think about how to calculate this. Immediately a problem appears: 1 maps to 1 the first time and to 2 the second. So we know we're going to have to write a special case to differentiate those two. But for the others, this is pretty simple, right? Just multiply x by its position in the list. So this means for all those parts of the mapping, we need to know just two things: x, and its position in the list:
def factorial_recurrence(x, position):
    return x * position

Note that this function now has two arguments, so it's actually a slightly different function than the above:
x,   p               y
------------------------
1    0    ------>    1
1    1    ------>    2
2    2    ------>    6
6    3    ------>    24
24   4    ------>    120
120  5    ------>    720
720  6    ------>    5040

This shows quite clearly how we can differentiate between the two mappings from 1. Now we just have to come up with a way to get the position information. It just so happens that position is the same as the value of X. So one simple way would be to use a loop. Here we take care of X == 0 by simply setting x to 1 and starting our loop at 1 instead of 0:
def factorial(X):
    x = 1
    for position in range(1, X + 1):
        x = factorial_recurrence(x, position)
    return x

Now notice that the value of x here is being passed into factorial_recurrence, and then the result is being saved as x.
So what's really happening here is that the output of the function is being passed back into the function. Here's the big reveal:
That's recursion!
This is, in a crucial sense, already a recursive algorithm. It's just that the representation is inside-out here, and the function also incorporates position information from outside the recursive process. To see what I mean, look at this:
def even_factorial(X):
    x = 1
    for position in range(2, X + 1, 2):
        x = factorial_recurrence(factorial_recurrence(x, position - 1), position)
    return x

This gives the same result as factorial for every even value of X. (It gives the result of X - 1 for odd values of X.) And we don't have to stop there. We can do the same thing for every third value of X (breaking out the nesting for clarity):
def third_factorial(X):
    x = 1
    for position in range(3, X + 1, 3):
        x = factorial_recurrence(
                factorial_recurrence(
                    factorial_recurrence(
                        x,
                        position - 2
                    ),
                    position - 1
                ),
                position
            )
    return x

Now do the same thing for every 4th, every 5th, and so on. If you continue this process, then for any given X, you'll eventually create a function that will return nothing but 1 until you pass X, and then when you pass X, you'll get the factorial of X.
At this point the trick of recursion is simply to realize that we can automate that process of turning the loop inside out by having factorial call itself. Every time factorial is called, it simply nests another factorial_recurrence call inside the last -- unless X is 0, in which case, it returns 1, terminating the sequence of nested calls.
def factorial(X):
    if X == 0:
        return 1
    else:
        return factorial_recurrence(factorial(X - 1), X)

So this is kind of a complicated way of thinking about recursion, but its value is that it shows, very clearly, the relationship between the abstraction of recursive functions and their concrete implementation in imperative code.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Lynn Sutton highlighted exciting projects at Wake Forest University's library. I found the visit from Musicircus very interesting (What can I say? I enjoy music.). The mini-MOOC for alumni was also intriguing for its focus. I won't get into the whole MOOC controversy in this post. Still, if I were to have a MOOC, I'd want it to be focused and purposeful.
My favorite breakout session concerned the University of Rhode Island's information literacy rubric. Presenters Mary MacDonald, Jim Kinnie, and Elaine Finan described the process of developing the rubric. A key part of this process involved input from different stakeholders. The different groups discussed what certain key terms–including the term "research" itself–meant to each of them. Thus the rubrics came from a place of shared understanding.
This point brings me to my final highlight, conversations with colleagues from elsewhere. One of our hosts mentioned that she does not use the term "information literacy" with her faculty. Instead, conversations focus on the learning goals.
Do we get too hung up on a phrase? What would our conversations sound like without the jargon? I'll ponder this question. In the meantime I thank our gracious hosts at Bates.


WASHINGTON, Oct 10 (Reuters) - As of November 10, investors in 27 industries will come under tougher scrutiny as an inter-agency panel led by the U.S. Treasury Department begins tightening foreign investment rules as part of a pilot program, according to a senior treasury official.
The panel, called Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS), reviews mergers and stock purchases to ensure that they do not harm national security. It was strengthened by legislation in the National Defense Authorization Act and signed into law in August.
Investments in 27 industries, such as telecommunications and semiconductors, will be required to be reported to CFIUS if the foreign investor's role would allow access to non-public information or afford the power to nominate a board member or make other substantial decisions, the official said.
CFIUS will have the option to approve it within 30 days or open a fuller investigation, the official said.
The official said the agency was not targeting any country.
Much of the panel's highest profile work focuses on Chinese companies, many with government links, which have tried to buy U.S. high-end semiconductor makers and other tech companies.
"We know there are transactions out there right now that present national security concerns," the official said.
The pilot program is scheduled to begin on November 10 and run for more than a year, during which time formal, permanent rules implementing the legislative changes will be written, the official said.
Other portions of the legislation, such as rules allowing CFIUS to stop foreign purchases of land near military installations or ports, will be addressed at another time, the official said.
CFIUS has taken a tough stance against Chinese or other foreign investment in sensitive industries, ranging from high-end semiconductors to real estate.
In August, for example, CFIUS ordered Chinese conglomerate HNA Group Co Ltd to sell its majority stake in a Manhattan building whose tenants include a police precinct tasked with protecting Trump Tower.


text:
New books shed light on various historical views
By: Joy Ufford, [email protected] - Updated: 5 months ago
SUBLETTE COUNTY – Sometimes a book is about one person's story and journey. Another might delve into people whose started small and came together as a community.
Then again, a book might be about an author's infamous great-uncle, like the fondly remembered Butch Cassidy.
All three were part of a special Sublette Centennial presentation on Saturday afternoon, Aug. 7, at the Sommers Homestead Living History Museum. A shaded tent, lemonade and a curious group of readers gathered to hear first-time author Scott Werbelow, the more experienced Bill Betensen and prolific Sublette historians and authors Ann Noble and Jonita Sommers.
Son of a Poacher
Werbelow, a Wyoming Game and Fish game warden in Pinedale for 15 of his 28 years, talked first about his autobiographical debut, Son of a Poacher – Wyoming Warden in the Making. Werbelow now lives in Meeteetste and is the Cody Region's game warden coordinator.
Revealing many personal stories and hardships from growing up on a remote ranch – such as his father truly was an alcoholic and poacher – he grew determined to become a game warden, even with an industrial arts degree.
After four years as a temporary employee, he was allowed to take the test.
"It was very competitive," Werbelow said. "There are crazy stories from my childhood to finally taking the warden's exam. And all of the stories are true."
Transforming his life into chapters wasn't easy, he added, and the "biggest holdback" for someone "with an F minus in English" was to publish a memoir. He met a woman who knew his family and after hearing he became a game warden, told him, "You should write a book!"
She referred him to XLibris in Indiana; he called, sent the manuscript, which they edited and returned. He proofed it again and sent it back.
Two days later, a friend reported Son of a Poacher was selling on Amazon –"He bought a copy of my book before I even had one myself!"
Werbelow is working on his next book, True Stories of a Wyoming Game Warden.
Signed copies of Son of a Poacher are sold at Office Outlet, Museum of the Mountain Man and www.scottwerbelow.com.
Butch Cassidy – The Wyoming Years
Bill Betensen's great-grandmother, Lula Parker Betensen, was the younger sister of Robert LeRoy Parker. She had written her own book, Butch Cassidy – My Brother, and was welcomed onto the movie set when Paul Newman and Robert Redford portrayed the "almost true" story of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid.
Betensen grew up with her firsthand stories, memories and photos and after 20 years of research, wrote Butch Cassidy – My Uncle, A Family Portrait in 2007.
His second book, Butch Cassidy – The Wyoming Years, brought him to explore local nooks and crannies with Jonita Sommers as tour guide.
"Wyoming was really a safe spot for him," he said of his great-uncle, first known as Bob Parker and later in Wyoming as George Cassidy.
"I learned that Butch loved Wyoming and as a result, people of Wyoming found him endearing," he said. Betensen said it was important to verify the stories, because Wyomingites love passing along tidbits. One unsubstantiated tale was that Cassidy gave a woman money to pay off the bank manager, told her to get a receipt and afterward robbed the banker.
On the second book's cover, a familiar and archival photo, newly colorized, looks startlingly alive, as if Bob Parker or George "Butch" Cassidy just sat down in front of the camera. For his next book he's considering Butch Cassidy's possible "hidden treasure" sites.
Both of Betensen's books are available through High Plains Press and Amazon.
Homesteading and Ranching in the Upper Green River Valley
This massive attractive book by Ann Chambers Noble and Jonita Sommers contains the most detailed individual histories about settlement, traditions and transitions of Sublette County where the Green has its headwaters.
Noble started it as a project for the Green River Valley Land Trust to document several historic ranches in the Upper Green's nine drainages. It turned into a four-year project with Noble enlisting Sommers' expertise and knowledge.
"It would be impossible to cover every ranch," Noble said. "There were an estimated 2,500 homesteads in this area; we have no idea of how many didn't make it."
For each successful homesteader who lived and built on their acreage, there were probably three who failed, Noble said. Those families and ranches that thrived grew very interconnected over the years.
The book contains hundreds of historic photos with contemporary landscapes intermingled and was published by Laguna Wilderness Press. It took several tries to get the look and feel the authors wanted, and out-of-state editors had a difficult time "allowing" them to use local vernacular – but the result is an award-winning effort of monumental proportions.
The book is available at the Museum of the Mountain Man, Green River Valley Museum, The Cowboy Shop and online.
Sometimes a book is about one person's story and journey. Another might delve into people whose started small and came together as a community.


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Vietnam party central committee meets to identify successors
The plenum of the 12th Central Committee of Vietnam's Communist Party began in Hanoi on Monday to discuss constitution of the next committee.
The four-day meeting will decide who will be the members of the 13th Central Party Committee in 2021-26, with the announcements expected to be made at the National Party Congress next January.
The Central Committee is the highest authority in the Communist Party of Vietnam, and currently has 176 full members and 26 alternate members.
In his speech on the opening day of the meeting on Monday, Party chief and President, Nguyen Phu Trong, said the process of constituting the next committee needs "strong determination to fight individualism and group interests."
The next committee "needs to have a reasonable ratio of members who are young, female, ethnic people, scientists, artists, and managers of major state-owned corporations," he said.
At the quinquennial National Congress in January, new members of the Party Central Committee will be announced. General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong would have completed his two-term limit though he could remain president for another five years.
The plenum will also discuss voting methods for the National Assembly for the 2021-26 term.
The NA is expected to have less than 500 members, at least 35 percent of them women and 18 percent from other ethnic groups.
In February Trong issued new criteria for appointing top officials.
It sets the premise for evaluating, planning, assigning, transferring, and introducing candidates ahead of the 13th National Congress.
One of the key changes has to do with the transfer of officials. A provision requiring key provincial leaders to have prior experience and fulfilled their duties well as key district leaders has been removed.
By Hoang Thuy – VnExpress.net – May 11, 2020
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New Mexico Senate: Democrat Udall's Lead Jumps After GOP Primary
Democratic Congressman Tom Udall has nearly doubled his lead over Republican Steve Pearce in New Mexico's U.S. Senate race. Udall now leads 58% to 30%, according to the latest Rasmussen Reports telephone survey in the state.
These are the first numbers to be released since Rep. Pearce defeated Rep. Heather Wilson in the Republican primary. In May, Udall had a sixteen-point lead over Pearce.
Udall and Pearce are seeking to replace retiring Republican Senator Pete Domenici, a Republican who has been in the Senate since 1973. Both candidates chose to leave the U.S. House of Representatives to compete for the open seat.
Udall has huge leads among both men and women, attracting support from 52% of male voters and 64% of females. Pearce gets 30% of the vote from both men and women.
Udall draws support from 86% of Democrats and from over a quarter (26%) of Republicans. Pearce wins just 69% of Republican votes. When it comes to voters not affiliated with either party, Udall has a commanding 46% to 27% lead, a major improvement from the ten-point lead he had last month.
Rasmussen Markets data now shows that Udall is currently given a % chance of winning the New Mexico Senate race. Numbers in this paragraph are from a prediction market, not a poll. Using a trading format where traders "buy and sell" candidates, issues, and news features, the Rasmussen Markets harness competitive passions to provide a reliable leading indicator of upcoming events. We invite you to participate in the Rasmussen Markets. It costs nothing to join and add your voice to the collective wisdom of the market.
New Mexico is one of several states where Democrats hope to pick up Senate seats in 2008. Earlier polls show that at least seven other Republican Senate seats could be in play during Election 2008 including Oregon, New Hampshire, Colorado, Alaska, Minnesota, Kentucky, and Virginia. Only two Democrats appear potentially vulnerable, giving Republicans at least a slight ray of hope in Louisiana and New Jersey.
In New Mexico's Presidential race, Barack Obama is leading John McCain.
See survey questions and toplines. Crosstabs are available for Premium Members only.
Safe Democratic
RR Poll
Mkts.
Pearce (R)
Udall (D)
This telephone survey of 500 Likely Voters was conducted by Rasmussen Reports June 18, 2008. The margin of sampling error for the survey is +/- 4 percentage points with a 95% level of confidence.
See Methodology
New Mexico Trends: Udall vs. Pearce
Favorable Ratings for Senate Candidates in New Mexico
Very Favorable
Somewhat Favorable
Somewhat Unfavorable
Very Unfavorable
About Rasmussen Reports
Rasmussen Reports is an electronic publishing firm specializing in the collection, publication, and distribution of public opinion polling information.
The Rasmussen Reports ElectionEdge™ Premium Service for Election 2008 offers the most comprehensive public opinion coverage ever provided for a Presidential election.
Scott Rasmussen, president of Rasmussen Reports, has been an independent pollster for more than a decade.