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Week Ending Friday, March 18, 2005
Contents: Remarks in a Discussion on Strengthening Social Security in Shreveport, Louisiana, March 11, 2005 The President's Radio Address, March 12, 2005 Remarks on Presenting the National Medals of Science and Technology, March 14, 2005 Statement on the Nomination of Karen Hughes to Be Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy, March 14, 2005 Executive Order 13374— AMendments to Executive Order 12293— The Foreign Service of the United States, March 14, 2005 Memorandum on Delegation of Reporting Function Related to the Sudan Peace Act, March 14, 2005 Remarks Following Discussions With King Abdullah II of Jordan and an Exchange With Reporters, March 15, 2005 Remarks at the National Republican Congressional Committee Dinner, March 15, 2005 The President's News Conference, March 16, 2005 Remarks Following Discussions With Nasrallah Cardinal Sfeir, Lebanese Maronite Patriarch, March 16, 2005 Statement on House of Representatives Action on Funding for the War on Terror, March 16, 2005 Statement on Senate Action to Allow for Environmentally Responsible Energy Exploration in a Small Part of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, March 16, 2005 Message on the Observance of Nowruz, March 16, 2005 Remarks Announcing the Nomination of Representative Rob Portman to Be United States Trade Representative, March 17, 2005 Remarks at a Saint Patrick's Day Shamrock Presentation Ceremony With Prime Minister Bertie Ahern of Ireland, March 17, 2005 Statement on House of Representatives Passage of Fiscal Year 2006 Budget Legislation, March 17, 2005 Statement on the Terri Schiavo Case, March 17, 2005 Remarks in a Discussion on Strengthening Social Security in Pensacola, Florida, March 18, 2005 Remarks on Strengthening Social Security in Orlando, Florida, March 18, 2005 Proclamation 7875— National Poison Prevention Week, 2005, March 18, 2005 Digest of Other White House Announcements, Week Ending Friday, March 18, 2005 Nominations Submitted to the Senate, Week Ending Friday, March 18, 2005 Checklist of White House Press Releases, Week Ending Friday, March 18, 2005 Acts Approved by the President, Week Ending Friday, March 18, 2005
Author: George W. Bush | Date: March 11, 2005
Remarks in a Discussion on Strengthening Social Security in Shreveport, Louisiana,
The President. Thanks for coming. Please be seated. Gosh, it's good to be in a part of the world that I'm real familiar with. [Laughter] Pretty close to home. Sounds like to me some Texans snuck across the border. I'm delighted to be here at Centenary College—Bill Anderson, the chairman, and Ken Schwaub, the president. I want to thank the students. I thank the students who are here to listen. This is going to be an educational experience for you. I've got a lot of educating to do to convince people not only do we have a problem, but we need to come together and come up with a solution to Social Security.
But before I get there, I do want to recognize some people, and I've got a few comments about international politics, the world in which we live. First, I'm sorry Laura isn't with me. [Applause] Yes, I know it. She's great, isn't she? She's doing just fine. She's going to be happy to know I saw our mutual friend Ernie "The Big Cat" Ladd who is here today. Cat, I'll tell her I saw you, and you're looking good. She's looking good, too, by the way. [Laughter] She is a great First Lady and a great mom, and I love her dearly.
I'm real proud of the job Congressman Jim McCrery is doing. He's one of the smartest, most capable Members of the House of Representatives. He said, "You make sure you get down to the district." And I said, "Well, if I put you on Air Force One, will you come with me?" He said, "How fast can I get on the plane?" [Laughter]
Senator David Vitter is with us. David, proud you're here. There are two other Members of the United States Congress with us today. Congressman Rodney Alexander—proud you're here, Rodney. Rodney is from this part of the world and reflects the values of north Louisiana in the United States Congress. And Bobby Jindal—Bobby, congratulations. Thank you guys for coming. Proud you're here. Looking forward to working with you on solving big problems for our Nation.
I want to thank Mayor Keith Hightower from the city of Shreveport for being here. Mr. Mayor, I'm honored you're here. I appreciate you coming. Mayor George DeMent of Bossier City—thank you, George. Proud you two guys are here. Just fill the potholes. [Laughter] You didn't ask for any advice. [Laughter] I want to thank all the other State and local officials who have joined us.
Today I met a fine young lady named Lindsey Allen at the airport. [Applause] A couple of her relatives showed up. [Laughter] Probably wondering why I would mention her. I'll tell you why I mention her. She is a volunteer for Hospice of Shreveport/Bossier. She is a—she takes time out of her life to provide comfort for people who are sick. And the reason I mention this is I want particularly the college kids here to understand that if you want to serve your Nation, a great way to do so is to take time out of your busy life and love somebody who hurts. If you want to serve your Nation, mentor a child. If you want to serve your Nation, feed the hungry, provide shelter to the homeless, become a soldier in the army of compassion, and you can help change America. And I want to thank Lindsey Allen. Where are you, Lindsey? There she is. Thanks for coming, Lindsey, and thanks for being a volunteer.
The world is changing and the world is becoming more peaceful because more societies are listening to the people that live within their borders and are becoming democracies. Think about what's happened in a quick period of time. We defended ourselves. We upheld doctrine. We liberated millions from the clutches of the Taliban, and last fall, millions went to the polls to vote for a President. And that's important. It's important because free societies are peaceful societies.Palestinians voted. And I believe someday, I believe it's within reach, that there will be a Palestinian democracy living side by side with Israel in peace.
And then the people in Iraq defied the murder of terrorists and said, "You will not intimidate us because we want to be free," and by the millions, they went to the polls to vote for their leaders. And I'm not surprised. I'm not surprised. I was pleased but not surprised because I understand that freedom is not America's gift to the world; freedom is the Almighty God's gift to each man and woman in this world. And no tyrant and no dictator can extinguish the desire for people to live in freedom.
So during the next 4 years of my administration, I will use our considerable influence and work with our friends and allies to help others around the world realize their chance to be free because I understand freedom and democracy will make this world a peaceful place for generations to come.
I also want to say something about my trip to Europe. I had a great trip to Europe. I talked to our friends and allies there. I became—got a common agreement with the French, for example, to make it abundantly clear to Syria that the Syrian troops and Syrian intelligence officers must leave Lebanon so Lebanon's democracy can grow and flourish. As well we worked together on the issue of Iran, to make sure that we speak with one voice to the Iranian regime, that they should abandon any ambitions for nuclear weapons for the sake of peace in the world. I am pleased that we are speaking with one voice with our European friends. I look forward to working with our European friends to make it abundantly clear to the Iranian regime that the free world will not tolerate them having a nuclear weapon.
A couple other points I want to make before we get to the issue at hand. I do want to talk right quick about the economy and one way to make sure this economy continues to grow. Last week we got news that we added 262,000 new jobs last month. That means more Americans are working today than ever before in our Nation's history, and that's positive news.
Our economic plans are working, but there's more to do. And I gave a speech in Ohio earlier this week, and I made it clear to Congress: Stop debating about energy and get me an energy plan that encourages conservation, environmentally sensitive exploration for natural gas and hydrocarbons here in the United States. Let's encourage renewable sources of energy. Let's use taxpayers' money to explore ways to have clean coal technology. What I'm saying to you is, is that we need to get moving on becoming less dependent on foreign sources of oil.
And I want to thank McCrery and Vitter and Bobby and Rodney for their work on this important issue. It's my belief, if we keep talking about the issue of energy independence, we'll get us a bill. And we'll get us a bill that makes sense for all Americans.
Now I want to talk about Social Security. It's a big issue. It's a big issue because it affects everybody's life. First, let me start off by telling you, FDR did a good thing. Franklin Roosevelt did a good thing when he set up the Social Security system. You know why I say that? I say that because it's helped a lot of retirees. It has worked. It has worked, and therefore, one of the things that I want to tell the people here in this audience and all across Louisiana and in east Texas and whoever else is listening: If you're getting a check, nothing will change; if you have retired, not one thing is going to change when it comes to Social Security. The United States Government will keep its commitment. I don't care what the advertisements say. I don't care what the political pamphlets say. I don't care what the politicians say. Nobody is going to take away your check.
But the math has changed since Franklin Roosevelt was the President. When they set up the system, there was a lot of workers paying into the system for every retiree. As a matter of fact, in 1950, there were 16 workers for each beneficiary. That meant the system could work. It's a pay-as-you-go system, by the way. People pay in, and the money goes out to pay for the benefits. Some people say, "What about the Social Security trust," as if the Government collects your money and holds it in your account and then, when you retire, gives it back to you. That's not how it works. The Government collects your money, and they spend it. [Laughter] And they spend it on retirement benefits, but theywere spending it—or we spent it on other things too.
Since the 1950s, a couple of things have happened. People are having fewer babies, and the baby boomers are getting ready to retire. I happen to be one. As a matter of fact, I turn 62 in 2008. That's a good enough time for me to retire—[laughter]—just about right timing. And there's a lot of me—people like me. There are a lot of baby boomers. I'm just the beginning of the baby boomer year. There's a whole lot of people getting ready to retire, and we are living longer than the previous generation and the previous generation. So you're beginning to get—when I said the math is changing, I hope you're beginning to get a picture of what I'm talking about, more retirees, living longer, plus we've been promised more benefits than the previous generation; a lot of people getting paid more benefits, living longer years, and fewer people paying into the system.
And that means we've got a problem. Today, there is—3 to 1 paying into the system. In 20 years, there will be two workers for every retiree. Means when you're working, you're having to pay a lot more for me than previous generations. And so what ends up happening is, in 2018, as you can see on that chart, the system goes into the red—in other words, more money going out than coming in. And it goes worse every year. In 2027, it's going to cost $200 billion for the Government to fund the promises to the baby boomers like me. That's 200 billion above the payroll taxes we're collecting. And every year it gets worse.
So if you're a younger person sitting out there, you ought to start to say, "My goodness, the system doesn't look very good for me." It's fine for seniors. It's fine for those who are near retirement. It is not in good shape for the people who are going to have to pay for the baby boomers who are fixing to retire. And so I've seen the problem. And I think it's a significant enough problem to put it square in the agenda. My job as the President is to confront problems and not pass them on to future Presidents and future Congresses.
And that's why I've come to Shreveport, Louisiana, to explain it as plainly as I can, in plain Texan, that we have a problem. And the problem is, how is the younger generation going to pay for all of the promises that the Government can't keep? Major tax increases, significant benefit cuts, that's what's going to have to happen unless we act now. People say, "Well, 2018 is a long way down the road." Well, it's not. It is right around the corner. It is close by. It means it is time for people from both political parties to set aside our partisanship and come to the table.
And so in my State of the Union Address, I stood up and said, "All options are on the table." I said, "If you've got a good idea, bring them forward. I'm interested in listening to them." I said, "If you've got an idea as to how to permanently fix Social Security"—we don't need a bandaid approach; we need to fix it once and for all so we can say to the American people, "We have done our duty"—"bring forward your ideas."
Tim Penny here is on the stage. He is a former Democrat Congressman. You're going to hear him talk. He has had some good ideas. I'm interested in any idea, and I put out some of my own as to how to permanently fix it and how to make sure the system is as good as it can be for youngsters. And one of them is to allow young workers to put aside some of your own money in a personal savings account.
And let me tell you why I think that's important. First of all, that unto itself is not going to fix Social Security. We need to do more than that. But it is a way to say to younger workers that you're going to be able to come closer to the benefits that have been promised to you, because by putting money aside, you will be able—in a private account, private markets, investing in the private markets, you'll be able to get a better rate of return on your own money than the Government could get on your own money. And as that rate of return compounds, as you save, your account grows bigger and bigger and bigger. If you're a worker making $35,000 over your lifetime, and this plan says you can take 4 percent of your payroll taxes and set it aside in a personal savings account, that by the time you retire, having invested in conservative stocks and bonds, you will have a capital base of $250,000 in your personal account. That's how interest works. It compounds. It grows.
Now, people say, "What does that mean, a personal savings account? Can I take the money and go right down to the road where I was staying in this part of the world and put it in the slots?" [Laughter] You can't do that. In other words, there is a set of investment vehicles, conservatively designed, to get a better rate of return than what your money's getting in the Social Security system, but you get to choose a mix of stocks and bonds.
We've done this before, by the way. Federal employees get to do this. Federal employees get to take some of their own money and put it in an employee Thrift Savings Plan that grows, that compounds with interest. It's happening. People know what I'm talking about. This isn't a new concept. The only thing new is that it will be a part of the Social Security program.
Now, once you retire, you can't take all your money out at once. You hold that money in an account, and you get the interest from your—from the corpus of your account, to complement the Social Security check, however big that is, that the Government pays you. So in other words, it's a part of the Social Security system, retirement system.
And let me tell you some of the benefits of this. First of all, you own it; it's yours. The Government can't take it away from you. You know what brings joy into my heart? When I hear that more minority families own a home now than ever before in our Nation's history. I love the fact that more people are owning something. There are more businessowners. Small businesses are flourishing across America. When people—when a person owns something, they have a vital stake in the future of the country. When somebody opens up an account that says, "Here's your stocks and bonds, and here's how they've been growing over the last quarter," people will say, "Well, I think I better pay attention to what the Government is doing to make sure that they put policies in place that will make the economy grow."
Secondly, you can pass this account on to whomever you choose. It's yours. Social Security system right now, as you'll hear, isn't fair for people who pass away prior to age 62. The money just goes away. But under this plan, you'll have an asset base, something you own, something you can leave to whomever you choose.
Thirdly, I like the idea of families being able to pass wealth from one generation to the next. And I think it ought to be in families all across the—all kinds of families ought to be able to do this. You know, there's this kind of sense about, "Well, this may not work because some people aren't capable of investing," as if the investor class was only a certain type of person. That's not what I agree with. I agree—I think that everybody is plenty capable. I think that everybody ought to be given the opportunity to save their own money and put it aside as a part of the Social Security trust.
Finally, it makes sense to encourage savings in America. The more savings we have, the more capital there is for growth in the economy. One of the things we're going to have to be careful about is not saving enough money. The capitalist system works by encouraging savings, so there is capital to invest, so that small businesses can flourish, so that the entrepreneurial spirit stays strong. And so this is an idea that I think Congress needs to consider, and I put it on the table. And I expect people to come to that table in good faith to discuss not only my idea but their ideas.
Now, I'm having a good time traveling around our country. I like to get out of Washington frequently. [Laughter] I've been to this—last couple of days I've been to Tennessee and Alabama and Kentucky and now Louisiana. I'm heading home for dinner. [Laughter] Next week I'm going down to Florida—check on the brother. [Laughter] After that I'm going to go out of Crawford, and I'm going to head out west to Arizona and New Mexico and Colorado. The reason I'm telling you this is I want everybody involved in the process to know that I believe the American people are going to determine the fate of this issue, and I intend to take my message out week after week after week so the people can hear it.
Tim Penny is with us, the great State of Minnesota. Served in the United States Congress and is, you're about to hear, an articulate advocate of making sure the Social Security system is reformed and modernized.
Tim, welcome.[At this point, former Representative Timothy J. Penny, senior fellow and co-director, Hubert H. Humphrey Institute Policy Forum, Waseca, MN, made brief remarks.]
The President. Well, I appreciate that. I think—as I told you, the guy is articulate, and he's sensible. It's a commonsense approach. Thanks for coming, Tim.
All right. Gwen Comer. Welcome.
Gwendolyn Comer. Thank you, Mr. President.
The President. Good to see you.
Ms. Comer. Thank you. Good to see you.
The President. Now, they tell me—you're not—you didn't sneak across the border, did you?
Ms. Comer. Yes, I sneaked across. No one was looking. [Laughter]
The President. You're from close to Jefferson, Texas.
Ms. Comer. Yes. Gray is about 20 miles east of Jefferson.
The President. One of the great parts of my home State is east Texas, by the way.
Ms. Comer. Yes.
The President. Tell us about yourself.
[Ms. Comer, retiree, Gray, TX, made further remarks.]
The President. See, it's interesting. Listen real carefully to what she said. She said her husband worked for 40 years, passed away, and his money just—their savings, the money he worked hard to earn on their behalf is gone. Now, she's going to get Social Security as a result of her job. But that money just isn't around. And had he had the chance to put money aside in a personal account, that personal account would have been passed on to her as part of their family's asset base.
Ms. Comer. That's right.
The President. Is there any doubt in your mind that you're not going to get your check?
Ms. Comer. No, indeed.
The President. That's important for people to hear. I understand a lot of people around the country, a lot of people in Louisiana, a lot of people in Texas rely on that Social Security check.
The President. And it frightens people to hear political people like me talking about the issue, because they're thinking, "Well, really what he's saying is he's giving me a warning, the Government is not going to give me my check." I campaigned on this issue in 2000 and 2004. In 2000, they said, "If George W. gets elected, you're not going to get your check." That's what some of the ads were. I did get elected, and people got their check. I want you to remind your neighbors of that.
You got any grandkids?
Ms. Comer. Yes, sir.
The President. How many grandkids?
Ms. Comer. My husband and I were blessed with four children. We have 12 grandchildren and 6 great-grandchildren. So we're blessed.
The President. Sure are. See, this is a generational issue. I'm here to put more and more people on who've retired, saying, "Now that you've comforted me, you better take care of my grandchildren."
The President. That's an important issue. And I want the seniors here to understand that this issue is really about your grandchildren, and we want your advice on how best to make sure that the system works for your grandchildren. There's a lot of grandparents who, when they hear the math, realize that the numbers are going to be pretty significant when it comes time to either raising taxes or doing whatever is needed to make the promises and that now is the time for Government to take care of the next generation. Social Security has worked for this generation. It really has. And the fundamental question is, can we make it work for the next generation coming up? That's the task at hand. That's the debate. That's the issue.
Good job. You ready? Ms. Helen Lyons, sitting right here next to the President of the United States.
Helen Lyons. Thank you, Mr. President.
The President. Welcome.
Ms. Lyons. Thank you. This is a great honor. These moments will never be forgotten, nor will time erase.
My name is Helen Lyons. I am 78 years old, a widow. We were blessed, my husband and I, with three sons. They were educated in Oakland, California, and all three of themare ministers. This is my oldest son, Bishop Brandon.
The President. Are you still listening to your mother?
Bishop Larry Brandon. Yes, indeed. I better.
The President. Me too. [Laughter]
Ms. Lyons. I was born in Texas.
The President. There you go.
[Ms. Lyons, retiree, Shreveport, LA, made further remarks.]
Ms. Lyons. I am living with my son and wife and their two children. And I have two grandchildren here today.
The President. That's great. You know, let me stop you right there. A responsible society is one in which people take, first and foremost, responsibility for their family, and I want to thank you for taking responsibility for your mom after she took responsibility for you all these years.
Ms. Lyons. Thank you. Thank you. Mr. President, you've already answered my Social Security question that I had for you.
The President. Bring it up again. I can't answer it enough. [Laughter]
Ms. Lyons. All right. Will our benefits, as senior citizens, be affected?
The President. She asked a question a lot of people are asking, and I know that. I know a lot of people are asking whether or not they're going to get their check. And we're sitting behind stage, and Helen Lyons looks at me, and she's kind of wondering, "What is this guy all about? I've agreed to get on the stage with him, but have they got a plan to make sure that I don't get—what I need to live on?" That's—a lot of folks are asking that question.
Now, I'm going to say it here again, and I'm going to say it all around the country, because this is the—as Tim said, the truth: You're going to get your check; the Government will honor this commitment. What I can't tell you we're going to be able to honor is our commitment to your son and your grandchildren. I can tell you we'll honor our commitment to you. But I cannot make that promise until Congress comes together with the administration to make the promise to the children and grandchildren of this good woman. But thank you for asking me that question again.
Ms. Lyons. Thank you, Mr. President. I am deeply concerned about my children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren.
The President. Yes, I don't blame you, particularly after you listen to the facts.
Why don't you introduce your son? Was he a good boy growing up?
Ms. Lyons. Mr. President, he was. [Laughter]
The President. That's good.
Ms. Lyons. This is my son, Bishop Larry Brandon. He's pastor of the Praise Temple Full Gospel Baptist Church of Shreveport, Louisiana.
The President. That's good. Very well done. Bishop.
[Bishop Brandon made brief remarks.]
The President. Yes, let's stop there for a minute, because this is an important part of helping introduce people to financial literacy. I mean, there's programs all over the country. People say, "Well, there's—certain people can't invest. They just don't know about it," or "It's risky if we let certain people invest." But the way to tackle the issue is not to deny people the great aspect of ownership but to reach out to faith organizations, community-based organizations, and help people become financially literate. We shouldn't run away from ownership. We ought to provide the means to encourage ownership, and I want to thank you for that.
Bishop Brandon. Thank you. Thank you.
The President. Let's face it. Let's face it square on. There are some neighborhoods in which financial literacy has not been passed on from one generation to the next. And we've got to break that cycle. We've got to do a better job. Mr. Pastor, thank you for taking that on, and I'm glad to know the Government is working with the faith-based community to reach out into all neighborhoods in Shreveport, Louisiana, and elsewhere to help people become more financially literate. Keep going. [Laughter]
[Bishop Brandon made further remarks.]
The President. Right, right. Let me talk about a couple of things. We're working on the retirement aspect of Social Security, butone way to make sure that the survivor benefits are whole and intact is to give a person the opportunity to develop an asset base that you can pass on to whomever you want. That is a tangible asset. It's not a promise; it is a tangible asset to pass on to whomever you want. That's one of the major differences between the Social Security system that I envision and the current system. And so there will be a survivor benefit aspect to Social Security, but it will be enhanced by this notion of asset accumulation.
And secondly, his question is a good question, and that is, is it possible to design a system that makes it more fair for people who are impoverished? Can we work with Congress to make this system as progressive as possible? And the answer is, absolutely we want to work with Congress to do that. We want the retirement system to be a solid safety net for all our citizens.
I've talked to Jim McCrery about this. He's got a compassionate heart. He understands the ability to make the system work for all. And so I want to thank you for bringing that up, Pastor. My attitude about this is that if people have got a good idea as to how to make the system work toward—to help make sure people don't end up in poverty at retirement, please bring their ideas forward. All ideas should be on the table to make this system permanently solved, not a 35-year fix or a 75-year fix, which never turns out to be a 75-year fix, by the way.
Let me remind you, when you hear the rhetoric "75-year fix," in 1983—and Tim was in Congress then—they worked on solving the problem of Social Security. They said, "Well, we'll put together a 75-year solution." That's 1983. Well, we're sitting here in 2005. It didn't make it very long. That's because the demographics are changing dramatically, and we've got to address the math to permanently fix it. So I'm not interested in bandaids, 75-year fixes. I want there to be a permanent solution to Social Security.
Sarah Joy Hays, representing the youth of America, as you can see, at least on this stage. [Laughter]
Sarah Joy Hays. That's a lot of pressure. [Laughter]
The President. You can handle it.
Ms. Hays. Thank you.
The President. You attend?
Ms. Hays. Louisiana State University.
The President. LSU—I was honored to give the graduation speech there last year. Tell them thank you.
Ms. Hays. Will do.
The President. Why are you sitting here?
Ms. Hays. Well, I'm a senior in communication studies. I graduate next December. And I currently work part-time at the Gap. And every couple weeks—[laughter].
The President. Probably going to give me some advice on my clothes.
Ms. Hays. We'll save that for later. [Laughter]
The President. Okay.
Ms. Hays. Every couple of weeks, about $40 is deducted from my paycheck, and that's going into Social Security. But I'm afraid that with the system as it stands right now, that will not provide a safety net for me when I'm ready to retire.
The President. We're happy you're putting in the 40 right now, aren't we? [Laughter]
Ms. Hays. You're welcome. [Laughter]
The President. The question is, will there be something for you?
Ms. Hays. Exactly. And with your new reforms, I think that this is a positive thing for my generation especially, and I think it will also give us incentive to study economy and to know what's going on around us as well as educate us in how to invest our own money wisely.
The President. Yes, it's amazing, you know, there is—a lot of people are learning what it means to invest their own money, 401(k)s. I presume people out here have got a 401(k). That's a defined contribution plan. That is your money. You're watching it grow. You're investing it, and it becomes your—part of your retirement package.
The younger—I don't remember, when we were coming up, talking about 401(k)s. I certainly don't remember worrying about whether or not Social Security would be solvent, either. It was taken for granted. And now, all of the sudden, we showed up on the ledgers saying, "Give us our checks, starting in 4 years." And so what Sarah is saying is she's not so sure her generation can carrythe load, particularly since there's going to be two workers for every me, every retiree.
You know, they asked a 21-year-old—one time a 21-year-old person told me, she said—and I think this came out in a survey—that you're more likely to see a UFO than get the Social Security check. [Laughter] Is that the way you're——
Ms. Hays. I think that's probably a safe consensus on how we feel.
The President. Well, it's an interesting concept, when you think about it. Once we assure the seniors they're going to get their checks, and grandparents start asking elected officials, and Sarah Joy starts asking elected officials, "What are you going to do about us?" See, that's where the debate is going to be headed. Because you're going to get your check if you've retired. It's the people coming up that are starting to ask the question. And one of the reasons I asked Sarah Joy to join us, because she's representative of a lot of people. They said, "Oh, don't worry, 21-year-olders don't pay attention to this." I don't think it's true.
Ms. Hays. Neither do I.
The President. That's good. You got any other wisdom?
Ms. Hays. Well, I've been imparted some wisdom by some student government presidents. I've been working on executive staff at LSU for the past couple of years, so I've been blessed to be a part of that system.
The President. So people are talking about this.
Ms. Hays. Yes, sir.
The President. That's important. And they're going to keep talking about it, because I'm going to keep talking about it. I want people to understand, people who are 21 years old, that you're facing a steep hill to climb if the Government doesn't act. And there's a lot of talk in Washington about, you know, "Bush brought this up. Why did he bring it up?" And I told you why I brought it up. But I also believe this. I believe when the people figure out we have a problem and seniors hear that nothing's going to change, woe to the politician who doesn't come to the table; woe to the person who tries to block this for partisan reasons. The people of this country want problemsolvers, not problem creators. They are unhappy with the status quo. It's time to come together and save the Social Security system for generations to come.
I'm honored you gave me a chance to come to Shreveport, Louisiana. May God bless you, and may God continue to bless our country.
Note: The President spoke at 1:45 p.m. in the Gold Dome at the Centenary College of Louisiana. In his remarks, he referred to William G. Anderson, chairman, board of trustees, and Kenneth Schwaub, president, Centenary College of Louisiana; Ernie "The Big Cat" Ladd, former professional football player and wrestler; and Gov. Jeb Bush of Florida. This item was not received in time for publication in the appropriate issue.
Title: Week Ending Friday, March 18, 2005
Chicago: George W. Bush, "Remarks in a Discussion on Strengthening Social Security in Shreveport, Louisiana, March 11, 2005," Week Ending Friday, March 18, 2005 in United States. Executive Office of the President, Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, Week Ending Friday, March 18, 2005 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2005), 41:427-434 427–434. Original Sources, accessed July 18, 2019, http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=NZYDAYWR4X7BSJW.
MLA: Bush, George W. "Remarks in a Discussion on Strengthening Social Security in Shreveport, Louisiana, March 11, 2005." Week Ending Friday, March 18, 2005, in United States. Executive Office of the President, Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, Week Ending Friday, March 18, 2005 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2005), 41:427-434, pp. 427–434. Original Sources. 18 Jul. 2019. www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=NZYDAYWR4X7BSJW.
Harvard: Bush, GW, 'Remarks in a Discussion on Strengthening Social Security in Shreveport, Louisiana, March 11, 2005' in Week Ending Friday, March 18, 2005. cited in , United States. Executive Office of the President, Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, Week Ending Friday, March 18, 2005 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2005), 41:427-434, pp.427–434. Original Sources, retrieved 18 July 2019, from http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=NZYDAYWR4X7BSJW.


Like I've said in the cbox, we'll be moving to Jcink before the end of the month.
If you've ever been on a jcink board before, we have subaccounts set up, so you won't need to log in and out of your account every time you want to post with a new character, which I know will be a great relief for some of us. Right now, there's a limit of 6 characters for each account, but we'll be reviewing this limit as we go along.
And all of the board is visible to everyone, so you can keep up with other people's characters even if you're not in the same usergroup as them.
We've also narrowed the Hogwarts usergroups down to staff or student, and diversified the adult usergroups so that your character can be sorted according to their profession.
Finally, we've added a trigger warnings forum to the potting section, since Potter's Army has moved in a direction where more people are wanting to explore those sorts of themes. This is reflected in our new rules, so make sure you read over those carefully!
Krissu has made our first official character over on the Jcink board!
Don't let her get lonely! Go join her!


text:
B.T. Badejo Ph.D
Ayotunde David Odewale
Home > Vol 7, No 12 (2018) >	Badejo Ph.D
Unveiling the Dichotomy Between State and Local Government Projects: A Special Reference to Primary Education and Road Construction in South Western Nigeria
B.T. Badejo Ph.D, Ayotunde David Odewale
This paper unveils the dichotomy between the state and local government projects especially on primary education and road construction in southwestern Nigeria. It reviews the related concepts. The study utilized both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through conduct of in-depth interviews.The results showed that the existence of various projects delivered solely by the local government; the ones financed through JAAC; and the ones jointly financed with the state government in the area of primary education, and road construction. This difference was evident in the areas of financing and inscription on the project. The paper highlighted some recommendations and concluded that local government had contributed immensely in concurrent functions with the state government, especially in the areas of primary education and construction and maintenance of roads in southwestern Nigeria between 1999 and 2015.
Local Government; Constitutional Function; Fiscal Relation; Southwestern and Nigeria.
Abonyi, N.E. (2012). Local Government Administration in Nigeria and Ghana: A comparative Analysis in Obi E.A comparative Local government: An Ecological approach, Onitsha, took point Education limited.
Adedire, S.A (2014). Local Government and Intergovernmental Relations in Nigeria's Fourth Republic, Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs (CUJPIA) 2(2), 58-72.
Adeyeye, M.O. (2016). Governing The Localities: Lessons (UN) Learnt, 284 Series Inaugural Lecture Delivered at Oduduwa Hall, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria, on Tuesday, 22nd March, 2016.
Ajulor, V.O. and Okewale, R.A. (2011). Local Government and Intergovernmental Relations in Nigeria."In I. Olojede, B. Fajonyomi & J. Fatile (Eds.), Contemporary Issues in Local Government Administration in Nigeria. Lagos: Rakson Nigeria Ltd.
Akindele, S.T. (1990). Financing Local Government within Nigeria Federalism: A case Study of Ondo State: Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, Submitted to the Department of Political Science and Public Administration, University of Benin, Benin-city, Nigeria
Alayemi, S.A (2015). Financial Relation between State and Local Government: The need for amendment of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, IPASJ International Journal of Management (IIJM), 3(1), 26-28.
Amorji, E (2010). Inter-governmental Relations in Local Governments in Nigeria. (A case study of Nkanu East Local Government Enugu), B.sc Thesis Submitted to the Department of Political science, University Of Nigeria, Nsukxa
Avosetinyen, M.S. (2011). Local Government and the Crisis of Development in Nigeria. In I.
Olojede, B. Fajonyomi & J. Fatile (Eds.), Contemporary Issues in Local Government Administration in Nigeria. Lagos: Rakson Nigeria Ltd.
Awotokun, A.M. (1995). State and Local Governments: Partners in Progress in The Third Republic. In A.M. Awotokun (Eds.), New Trends in Nigerian Local Government. Ile-Ife: Obafemi Awolowo University Press Ltd Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Blair, G. (1977). Government at the Grassroots. California: Palisades Publishers.
Chukwuemeka, E., Ugwuanyi, B. I, Okolo, P. and Onuoha, C. E (2014). Nigeria Local Government: A Discourse on the Theoretical Imperatives in a Governmental System. African Review An International Multidisciplinary Journal, 8(2), 305-324.
Elaigwu, J. I. (2011). Topical Issues in Nigeria's Political Development, Jos, AHA Publishing House.
Enemuo, F.C. (1999). Decentralization and Local Government: Models, Principles and Purpose. In Anifowose, R. and F. Enemuo (Eds.), Elements of Politics. Lagos: Malthouse Press Limited.
Ezeani, E. (2012). Fundamentals public Adminstration. Enugu: Zik- Chuks Publishers.
Muttalib M, Khan A (1982). Theory of Local Government. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers.
Nwoba, M.O.E (2015). An Evaluation of Social Services Delivered by Local Governments in Nigeria: A Study of Ebonyi State Local Governments Administration (1996-2012) Journal of Policy and Development Studies,9(3), 142-152.
Nyewusira,V(2011). State-Local Government Relations In Rivers State, Nigeria (1999-2007) A Ph.D Thesis Submitted To The Department Of Public Administration And Local Government, Faculty Of Social Sciences, University Of Nigeria Nsukka
Odewale. A.D.(2016). A Study of Political Leadership and Service Delivery in Osun State Local Governments (2007-2014). An Unpublished M.Sc Thesis Submitted to the Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Administration, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Okoli F.C. and Onah F .O. (2002). Public Administration in Nigeria: Nature, Principles and Application. Enugu: John Jacobs Classic Publishers limited.
Okunade, B. (1993). Public Administration in Nigeria, Published by Centre for External Studies University of Ibadan.
OIa, R. O. and Tonwe, D. A. (2003). Local Government Administration and Local Government in Nigeria, Lagos: Trust Publishing.
Olisa, M. et al (1990). Government for Senior Secondary Schools, Onitsha: Africana Publishers.
Onuigbo, R.A (2015). State-Local Government Fiscal Relations: Implications for Local Government System in Nigeria Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review,5(3), 91-102.
Otinche, S. I. (2014). "Fiscal Policy and Local Government Administration in Nigeria. An
International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia, 8(2), 118-137.
Oshisami,K (2000). Government accounting and financial control. Principles and practice.5th Edition Spectrum Books limited, Spectrum House.
Oyewole, A. (1980). State-Local Relations: A Review of The Guildelines of Local Government Reforms. In Special issue on "Intergovernmental Relations in Nigeria", Quarterly Journal of Administration, NO. 14(2), 221.
Thomas Jefferson Memorial Association, (1905).The Founders' Constitution for Republican GovernmentVolume 1, Chapter 4, Document 34. The University of Chicago PressThe Writings of Thomas Jefferson. Edited by Andrew A. Lipscomb and Albert Ellery Bergh. 20 vols. Washington.
http://press pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/v1ch4s34.html
Tumini, D. G. (2011). Local Government in Nigeria: An overview of Structures and Functions" in Onyishi Tony (ed) Key Issues In Local Government and Development: A Nigerian Perspective Enugu:Praise House Publishers.
Udoh, E.J. (2005). Technical Inefficiency in Vegetable Farms of Humid Region; An Analysis of Dry Season by Urban Women in SouthSouth Zone, Nigeria. J. Agric. Soc. Sci., 1(1) 80– 85
FRN (1999).Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999, Lagos: Federal Government Press.
The 1976 Local Government Reforms guidelines, Lagos, Federal Ministry of Information.
B.T, Badejo (Mrs) is a Reader while ODEWALE Ayotunde David is also an Asistant Lecturer in the Department of Local Government Studies, Faculty of Administration, ObafemiAwolowo University, Ile-Ife. Nigeria.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/journal.v7i12.1537

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


With Thanksgiving approaching, it's time to plan for festive cocktailing! Mrs. Bitters has already started prepping our locavore Thanksgiving (there's a story behind it being locavore, but you'll have to wait for it), so now's the time for me to plan my approach. I haven't quite figured it all out yet. I know I want to get some Calvados and make a batch of sage simple syrup, so that I can mix up the Apple Sage Old Fashioned I created for the autumn issue of Edible Rhody (still on the stands, so if you're local, grab a copy–it's the one with the cranberry bog on front).
Stir over ice and strain into a chilled cocktail glass. Add garnish.
As gaz discusses in his piece, scotch marries well with anise flavors, and we definitely found that to be the case here.
Earlier this year, I picked up a bunch of anise hyssop from a local herbalist. Back then, I used it in a variation of the New Orleans classic cocktail, the Vieux Carre. On Saturday, when we were at the market, we stopped by the Farmacy table to pick up some local honey for Thanksgiving baking. They happened to have as well some small jars of honey infused with the anise hyssop. I immediately started thinking about cocktail applications and eagerly bought a jar. I might do a variation on the Babbling Brook. Or, I might do a scotch Sazerac instead, with a syrup made from the hyssop honey. I don't think I'll go wrong either way.
How about you? What Thanksgiving-themed drinks are you planning to mix this year? Do you have special Thanksgiving snacks that pair well with cocktails? Sound off in the comments!
Still in VF's 1/35 issue. Click through to Flickr to enlarge.
Last week, I was catching up on my RSS feeds, when I saw a post by Helmut Adam, of the German magazine Mixology, about a series of viral ads the Bacardi company is running. The series begins with an ad called "The Samurai" (running time: 1m:59s). A man enters a Japanese bar, while a voiceover tells us, "There's only one bartender in the world that I'd have mix me this drink. He's so in tune with his surroundings, he knows your drink before you do." The man approaches the bartender, who bows slightly and says only, "Daiquiri?" The man nods.
Look at those beautiful bar tools! The beaker-shaped mixing glass, the tall jigger, the spoon with the fork at the end. Lovely. (And by the way, you can buy this stuff at my friend Greg Boehm's website, Cocktail Kingdom.) Watch how gracefully but precisely he mixes the drink. Lovely. That's just the kind of bartender I could watch all day. And yet, he's an actor, trained by bartender Marian Beke of London.
To give it a bit of context, they aren't ads but pieces of film content aimed at and created for the world's top bartenders. It's about celebrating the unique skills that each bartender at the top of the game possess.
Video 3, "The Apothecary" (2:12) is set in a bar similar to PDT or Milk and Honey. As the camera pans the room, you see a shelf of vintage cocktail manuals. (I saw an old copy of the Savoy and the Esquire Handbook for Hosts, but I can't place the rest. And one of the volumes isn't even a cocktail manual, so I assume there's other "filler" there.) Then you see jars of spices before the camera settles on a bartender grinding spices with a mortar and pestle. The man asks the bartender to surprise him, at which point the bartender brings out trays of fresh herbs. As he works, you see flashbacks of the bartender smelling herbs, tasting tinctures, and taking notes. He pulls down a jar of eucalyptus-infused sugar and then muddles it with mint and lemon verbena. Then ice, rum, and a splash of soda.
It's only in this final video that you clearly see the Bacardi marque and logo. In the first two, you can make out that the bartenders are pouring from bottles of Bacardi, if you pay attention, and when The Samurai video hit the web, viewers figured out this was some sort of Bacardi viral even before Think Espionage confirmed it. That seems to be the hallmark of a successful campaign: you can figure out the source if you choose to. I think Bacardi and TE have succeeded in two ways here; one, they're getting people talking about the brand. I don't even normally like Bacardi, but here I am anyway. And that's specifically because they chose to highlight good bartending and found a way to convey the skills and talents of good bartenders.
When the Hummingbird and Apothecary videos are publicly available, I'll link out to them. They're fun to watch.
It's hard to see this here, but what these brands had in common then were their importer, who took out this ad. Julius Wile Sons & Company was a renowned name in wine importing. In 1995, the New York Times spoke with Julius Wile–not the one who founded the company, but his grandson who shared his name.
You might recall I was nominated for a Foodbuzz award for best cocktail/spirits blog, along with Jay Hepburn from Oh Gosh!, Marleigh and Dan Miller of Sloshed, and Jeffrey Morgenthaler. The winners were announced earlier tonight, and the honor goes to Marleigh and Dan at Sloshed. Congratulations to them, and thanks to everyone who voted, even those of you who traitorously voted against me.


text:
Africa and Europe After COVID-19
When the dust of this crisis settles, it will be time to pour a new foundation for EU-Africa relations moving forward
A double rainbow is seen above a woman holding an umbrella and selling snacks along the road in Siaya County, Kenya, on May 3, 2020, in the midst of the coronavirus pandemic. REUTERS/Thomas Mukoya
by Geert Laporte , Sara Pantuliano, Vera Mazzara May 13, 2020
As the world grapples with the global challenge of COVID-19 and nations start to think about how to rebuild from the crisis, the European Union (EU) should look beyond its borders and deliver the global leadership required—particularly in relation to its closest neighbor, Africa. In March, before the pandemic took hold, the EU outlined a long-awaited new Africa strategy with the ambition of forging a "partnership of equals." Coronavirus will be the first major test of this ambition.
Africa is of particular concern to us
—EU foreign affairs minister Josep Borrell
As the EU's Minister for Foreign Affairs Josep Borrell said, "If we don't solve the problem in Africa, we will not be able to solve the problem in Europe. Africa is of particular concern to us." The European Think Tanks Group, Europe's leading network of international cooperation and sustainable development think tanks, calls on the EU to look beyond its own economic recovery, work with Africa to avert the worst effects of the crisis, and craft a new partnership for the longer term. The coronavirus crisis provides an opportunity to finally transform the old paradigm of donor-recipient aid relations toward a model of genuine international cooperation between Africa and Europe.
European High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President of the European Commission Josep Borrell, at a news conference in Brussels, Belgium, on March 31, 2020. REUTERS/Francois Lenoir
First, Support an Economic Stimulus Package for Africa.
To lay the foundations for this cooperation, the EU should first support an economic stimulus package for Africa. Although the health effects of the pandemic have not yet hit Africa as hard as Europe, the costs to economies and livelihoods could be enormous. The collapse of oil and commodity prices will have a devastating impact on several countries that depend on them for more than half of their exports. Sectors that depend on demand from Europe's consumers—from hospitality to agriculture—are reeling.
The average COVID-19 economic stimulus is fifteen times higher in European countries than in poorer African countries
African finance ministers have called for an economic stimulus in excess of $100 billion to curb the virus's impact. Our analysis shows that the average stimulus is fifteen times higher in European countries than in poorer African countries. The decision of the EU Foreign Affairs Council to reallocate €15 billion from existing budgets to partner countries is a welcome step, but much more is required to offset the virus's social and economic impact, particularly in the areas of debt relief, provision of emergency soft loans, and substantial financial aid. The EU should give its fullest support to multilateral forums such as the Group of Twenty (and its recently announced global action plan), the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank, and to initiatives by the African Union (AU) and the African Development Bank.
A giraffe walks near the elevated railway line linking Nairobi with Naivasha in Kenya that allows movement of animals inside the Nairobi National Park—taken in Nairobi, Kenya, on October 16, 2019. REUTERS/Njeri Mwangi
Second, Rebuild Economies in a Climate-Compatible Way
Next, the EU should work with Africa to rebuild economies in a climate-compatible way. Our recovery from the most significant economic crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s provides an opportunity to take a giant leap toward a low-carbon and climate-resilient future across both continents. It is Europe's responsibility to stimulate economic recovery guided by equitable and environmentally sustainable plans, including national climate change strategies and the EU's recently launched European Green Deal.
The focus should be on micro-, small, and medium enterprises that create jobs for a rapidly growing and underemployed population
Reconciling transition toward climate-compatible economies with growth and pro-poor development policies creates a significant challenge for Africa. In its ambition to imitate China, the EU has in the past overemphasized investments in extractive industries and infrastructure in Africa. This emphasis has increased debt, dependency, and vulnerability and reduced resilience to economic and environmental shocks. The post-pandemic economic recovery is an opportunity to diversify investment to support sustainable African domestic economies rooted in green technologies and local value chains. The focus should be on micro-, small, and medium enterprises that create jobs for a rapidly growing and underemployed population.
Prospectors work at the open-pit Djoubissi gold mine, about 50 km (31 miles) north of Bambari, Central African Republic, on April 24, 2014. REUTERS/Emmanuel Braun
Third, Address Public Sector Investment and Global Supply Chains
More broadly, the EU should invest in effective and well-performing public sectors. The crisis has highlighted that an effective and well-functioning public sector remains essential in building healthy, wealthy, and fair societies.
Restoring governance agendas in the EU-Africa dialogue requires a new approach, with greater sensitivity, realism, and acknowledgement
Inevitably, the question will be raised whether strong and effective public policies could best be achieved through liberal (democratic) or illiberal (authoritarian) governance models. Some governments could use the crisis as a pretext to postpone electoral processes sine die. Lack of progress in tackling poverty and inequalities, in combination with freedom-restricting measures, could become an explosive cocktail for political destabilization. Restoring governance agendas in the EU-Africa dialogue requires a new approach, with greater sensitivity, realism, and acknowledgement of different historical and political contexts. Reciprocity will also be essential, for example by inviting observers from the African Union to electoral processes in EU member states.
Workers are seen in a factory that produces sterilized surgical equipment and medical clothing, in Sadat, Egypt, on March 15, 2020—as they ramp up production due to the COVID-19 pandemic. REUTERS/Mohamed Abd El Ghany
Together with Africa, the EU should tackle the weak underbelly of globalization. The major shortages of strategic stocks of medical equipment in several countries throughout this pandemic have highlighted an overdependence on global supply chains and just-in-time production models. Although the integration of the global economy is inevitable and should continue, Africa and Europe should also reduce external dependency on global markets. This experience of shortages and supply chain problems should inspire both the EU and the African Continental Free Trade Area to prioritize the construction of a common internal market over global supply chains going forward.
When the dust of this crisis settles, it will be time to seize the opportunity to build a new foundation for EU-Africa relations.
A worker wearing a protective suit disinfects a globe-shaped public garden, following the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), in Algiers, Algeria, on March 23, 2020. REUTERS/Ramzi Boudina
EDITOR'S NOTE: The authors wish to acknowledge the following people from the European Think Tanks Group, a network of independent think tanks working on international cooperation for global sustainable development, who contributed to this article.
Anna Katharina Hornidge, director of the German Development Institute in Bonn, Germany;
Carl Michiels, director of the European Centre for Development Policy Management in Maastricht, Netherlands and Brussels, Belgium;
Natalie Tocci, director of the Italian Institute of International Affairs in Rome; and
Sebastien Treyer, director of the Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations in Paris.
Geert Laporte is the director of the European Think Tanks Group (ETTG), a network of leading European think tanks with 350 policy researchers working on EU international cooperation for global sustainable development.
Sara Pantuliano is chief executive at the Overseas Development Institute, where she earlier served as managing director and director of humanitarian programs.
Vera Mazzara is the coordinator for the European Think Tanks Group, a network of independent think tanks working on international cooperation for global sustainable development.
Emergency Responses
PEPFAR in a Global Democratic Recession
PEPFAR's Twentieth Anniversary Might Be Its Last
EU: Strongly United for Health—Deeply Divided on the Economy
by Ilona Kickbusch, Susan Bergner
Lock-step solidarity during COVID-19 pandemic is challenged by policy questions within and "mask diplomacy" from abroad
The Once and Future World of Global Health Governance
by David P. Fidler
To meet twenty-first century geopolitical, national security, and climate challenges, global health policies must evolve
Africa is not Starting from Scratch on COVID-19
by Charles Holmes, Matthew Boyce, Rebecca Katz
Success against coronavirus will require national leadership, engaged local responders, and strong cooperation with NGOs
Six Proactive Steps in a Smart Trade Approach to Fighting COVID-19
by Jennifer A. Hillman
Tariffs, subsidies, waivers, licensure, and what a trade agenda to support the fight against coronavirus might look like


text:
Q: NSIS variable not allowed space in define variable  **define POSTGRESQL_INSTALLATION_DIRECTORY "C:\Program Files\Postgre SQL\9.3"**

NSIS varible not allowed space in below declared variable.
[INFO] [MAKENSIS] DetailPrint expects 1 parameters, got 2.
[INFO] [MAKENSIS] Usage: DetailPrint message
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.codehaus.mojo:nsis-maven-plugin:1.0-SNAPSHOT:compile (64bit_REACH) on project dsr.installer: Execution of makensis compiler failed. See output above for details. -> [Help 1]

It works fine if i define variable without space like:
 `**define POSTGRESQL_INSTALLATION_DIRECTORY "C:\ProgramFiles\PostgreSQL\9.3"**`

But i want space between the declared variable like
`**define POSTGRESQL_INSTALLATION_DIRECTORY "C:\Program Files\Postgre SQL\9.3"**`

So please let me know how to execute this defined variable.

A: The compiler is telling you the problem, the DetailPrint instruction takes 1 parameter and when a string with spaces is not quoted correctly it will be interpreted as multiple parameters.
!define POSTGRESQL_INSTALLATION_DIRECTORY "C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\9.3"

Section
;DetailPrint ${POSTGRESQL_INSTALLATION_DIRECTORY} ; This will not work because the string is not quoted
DetailPrint "${POSTGRESQL_INSTALLATION_DIRECTORY}"
DetailPrint '${POSTGRESQL_INSTALLATION_DIRECTORY}'
DetailPrint "Hello ${POSTGRESQL_INSTALLATION_DIRECTORY} World"
DetailPrint 'Hello "${POSTGRESQL_INSTALLATION_DIRECTORY}" World'
DetailPrint "Hello $\"${POSTGRESQL_INSTALLATION_DIRECTORY}$\" World"
SectionEnd

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Una tira nasal o adhesiu horitzontal és un tipus de tira adhesiva formada per dues bandes o petits tubs de plàstic flexibles i resistents, que permeten l'obertura de les fosses nasals, de manera que s'augmenta el flux d'oxigen que entra fins als pulmons. S'aplica a través del pont del nas i els costats de les fosses nasals per ajudar a mantenir la via aèria oberta. Es coneixen dos tipus de tires nasals: internes i externes. Es creu que facilita la respiració i per això s'utilitzen durant l'esforç atlètic i com una ajuda per reduir la congestió o per prevenir els roncs. Hi ha diversos estudis que no han indicat que tinguin un efecte que millori el rendiment. També són usades pels entrenadors de cavalls de carreres per motius similars. Es creu que redueixen la resistència de les vies respiratòries i redueixen el risc d'hemorràgia pulmonar induïda per l'exercici (EIPH), a més de reduir la fatiga i ajudar a la recuperació post-cursa.

Funcionament
El funcionament d'aquestes tires nasals no té cap dificultat. Bàsicament, són unes tires adhesives, normalment són de material plàstic flexible perquè és pugui ajustar a la nostra forma del nas, es col·loquen de forma horitzontal sobre el pont del nas per forçar una major obertura de les fosses nasals. Hi ha diferents tipus de dissenys, es pot augmentar entre un 30% o un 40% el flux d'oxigen que entra als pulmons.

Ús humà
En els humans, la vàlvula nasal és la part més estreta de l'obertura nasal, i en fer exercici, aquesta zona està sotmesa a pressió negativa i es fa més petita. Les tires nasals s'adhereixen a la pell, mantenen oberta l'obertura nasal anterior i eviten que s'esfondri. Quan s'apliquen correctament, augmenten i amplien l'espai en el pas nasal. Són un mètode lliure de medicaments per mantenir el flux de les vies respiratòries i estan disponibles com a producte de venda lliure. No presenten efectes secundaris que no siguin possibles irritacions a la pell de l'adhesiu.

Els estudis indiquen que són útils per augmentar el volum de cavitat nasal en els tres centímetres anteriors del nas humà, i per això podrien ser una alternativa als esperits d'aerosol descongestius, però les tires nasals no són especialment útils per a la congestió en les obertures nasals posteriors. També s'ha demostrat que redueixen la sonoritat de qui ronca i que milloren la qualitat del son. Les persones que portaven les tires en proves van indicar que creien que els ajudaven a respirar més fàcilment, i són d'interès especial per aquells esportistes que han de portar protecció bucal i necessiten poder respirar més pel nas que per la boca. Els estudis no han demostrat necessàriament que augmenti el rendiment atlètic, però les persones que les porten semblen tenir molta menys dispnea o escassetat de respiració mentre fan exercici.

En l'àmbit esportiu, el principal problema de les tires nasals és que, a causa d'una mala col·locació o elecció de la mida de la tira, solen acabar desenganxant-se a causa de la suor. Per evitar aquest problema, cal assegurar-se triar la mida adequada de tira nasal així com una marca de qualitat, ja que ni totes les mides funcionen igual ni totes les marques ofereixen un producte satisfactori. Un altre gran truc és, abans de col·locar-les al nas, netejar la zona amb alcohol per eliminar qualsevol resta de greix o brutícia, afavorint així una fixació molt més duradora i segura.

Ús equí
Als cavalls, se'ls considera útil perquè els animals no poden respirar per la boca, només a través de les seves fosses nasals. Igual que amb els humans, el disseny equí ajuda a evitar que la vàlvula nasal s'esfondri a causa de la pressió negativa creada per l'esforç físic. Tot i això, el seu benefici principal és prevenir l'hemorràgia als pulmons (EIPH), no millorar directament el rendiment. La versió equina la van inventar dos veterinaris, James Chiapetta i Edward Blach. A la dècada de 1990, es van inspirar en el producte humà per intentar crear un dispositiu similar per a cavalls. Havien observat cavalls a les rodetes i van veure que, sota esforç, el pas nasal equí també es va reduir a causa del fet que el teixit estava xuclat. Van elaborar un acord de llicència amb CNS, l'empresa que fabricava la marca humana "Breathe Right" de tires nasals el 1997 (ara propietat de GlaxoSmithKline) en què la companyia fabricava la forma equina de la franja nasal i pagava drets a Chiapetta i Blach. La versió equina es va utilitzar per primera vegada públicament a les curses de cavalls de la Copa dels criadors de 1999 i als Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 2000. El 2001, van separar-se de CNS i van formar la seva pròpia companyia, Flair, i el 2008, Chiapetta va adquirir les participacions de Blach.

Referències

Fisiologia respiratòria
Esport

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
colin-bull-swimming.co.uk
Home » Posts tagged 'female athlete'
Tag Archives: female athlete
The Most Commonly Used Types Of Swimming Pools Today
Learn about the FINA – the famous water sports tournament (Part 3)
Water Polo – the water sport that attracts many young people nowadays (Part 2)
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Swimming coach Malaysia accused of rape athletes
Sports in Malaysia has just received a shock when authorities officially announced the case of a famous coach of this country's swimming team and were indicted for raping a talented female athlete who is being evaluated as a hope in the 2020 Olympics.
According to AFP, coach Huang Qiang (35) was accused of raping a 20-year-old athlete of diving (anonymity for legal reasons) of the Malaysian swimming team at a gym in the Bukit Sports Complex. Jalil in Kuala Lumpur on the afternoon of September 26. Cheow Wee, the victim's lawyer, said Huang did not deny the charges when summoned to a court in Kuala Lumpur on 11 October. Coach Huang, who was born in China but has Malaysian nationality and now has a wife and two children, will face up to 30 years in prison if convicted. This is the first sex scandal in Malaysian sports in more than 2 decades.
"She was injured but now has to deal with the public. The organizations and associations involved are doing their utmost support for her and her family", Cheow said of the raped female athlete. Traditional media in Malaysia also said the incident occurred when the above-mentioned female athlete was in the process of training and training with the national swimming team in order to compete in the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo (Japan).
The above information attracted interest in the Malaysian sports village by coach Huang, who was quite famous in his career before coaching. Huang competed for the Chinese swimming team and won the gold medal at the 1998 Asian Games at the age of 16. This coach then won the gold medals for the men's 10m doubles at FINA Diving World Cup 2000 and World Cup Living 2000 in Sydney (Australia). In 2011, Huang was granted Malaysian nationality and qualified to represent this country to compete in the 2012 Olympic Games. According to AFP, Huang coach is now released on bail after a guarantee of 50,000 ringgit (about 11,800) and forced must return the passport to prevent escape from escaping. The next hearing for Coach Huang is scheduled for 6.11.
Jumping is considered one of the strongest sports in Malaysia. Most recently, Pandelela Rinong and Cheong Jun Hoong won the silver medal in the women's 10m doubles event at the 2016 Olympic Games. Malaysia also recently won 13 sports gold medals mentioned above at the 29th SEA Games in Kuala Lumpur.


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