All it requires is the signing of a form and a copy of your bank statement--it's quite simple really.
My fiance and I are sponsoring a friend of mine from school who wants to emigrate here with her daughter. It doesn't require a large bank account, only the ability to help your sponsoree financially should they require assistance.
Signing and giving them a copy of your bank statement doesn't mean they are going to give your friend and her daughter visas.
It's the last step in her application and she is being assisted by the college. They're so sure that she'll be here that they've already awarded her grant money for next semester.
I'd say it's a slam dunk.
I believe what the OP is saying is that those of you who are illegal alien sympathizers should at least make the effort. That way, those of us who don't want to support their illegal activities won't have to.
So she is basically come here on a student visa? If so what visa is her daughter going to come on?
Last edited by blacknight04; 06-05-2008 at 05:43 PM..
She came on a student visa, her daughter came as her dependent, which she will continue to be for the next 4 years. That merely opened the door for her. She has put in the effort and the work required to become a legal resident.
A student visa (F-1) is by nature a temporary visa that is renewed infinitely as long as the alien remains in school. A student visa doesn't give you an option to become a legal resident. The only way to obtain legal residency is through obtaining a permanent visa, i.e. a family visa or an employment visa, or through the DV lottery.
So the person put in the effort to come to the country with a visa but she has no means of becoming a legal resident unless she applies for a family or employment visa or wins the DV lottery. The only possible sponsors for her to become a legal resident are employers, citizen/perm. resident family or a government agency.
There is a considerable amount of requirements in order to obtain a student visa. The alien has to demonstrate that the he/she can support herself in the U.S. (education expenses and living expenses) and her dependent without working or with limited employment.
Black night it really isn't that hard. Tedious to be sure. Redundant an absolute.
As a student with no criminal history and the ability to show that they would be a productive member of society? Slam dunk.
Its those with no ability to provide for themselves, criminal history and such that sponsers would struggle with. That said why would we want such a burden added to our society?


text:
	新增/保存公告
	@param id_pk
	@param note_title 公告标题
	@param note_context 公告内容(模板)
	@param note_level 公告等级 1优先级最高,数值越大优先级越低
	@param note_type 公告类型 如 0是系统公告,1是赢钱公告,2是礼物公告
	@param reach_condition 达成条件
	@param publish_time 发布时间
	@param is_publish 是否发布
	@param gift_id_fk 礼物id

]]

local cjson = require "cjson"
local userDb = require "db.base_db"
local reqArgs = require "common.request_args"
local responeData = require "common.api_data_help"

-- 获取参数
local currentRequestArgs = reqArgs.new()
local args = currentRequestArgs.getArgs()
local user ={}

if  args.note_title and args.note_title ~= "" then
user.note_title=args.note_title
end
if  args.note_context and args.note_context ~= "" then
user.note_context=args.note_context
end
if  args.note_level and args.note_level ~= ""  then
user.note_level=args.note_level
end
if  args.range and args.range ~= ""  then
user.range=args.range
end
if  args.note_type and args.note_type ~= ""  then
user.note_type=args.note_type
end

if  args.reach_condition and args.reach_condition ~= ""  then
user.reach_condition=args.reach_condition
end
if  args.publish_time and args.publish_time ~= ""  then
user.publish_time=args.publish_time
end

if  args.is_publish and args.is_publish ~= "" then
user.is_publish=args.is_publish
end
if  args.gift_id_fk and args.gift_id_fk ~= "" then
user.gift_id_fk=args.gift_id_fk
end

local userDbOp	= userDb.new()

local temp={}
temp.id_pk=args.id_pk

if args.id_pk and args.id_pk ~= ""  then
	local dbres,err = userDbOp.updateBaseFromSql("t_note",user,temp)
	if not dbres then
		local  result = responeData.new_failed({},err)
		ngx.say(cjson.encode(result))
		ngx.log(ngx.ERR,"faild to update t_note")
		return
	end
	local  result = responeData.new_success({})
	ngx.say(cjson.encode(result))

else
	local dbres,err = userDbOp.insertBaseToSql("t_note",user)
	if not dbres then
		local  result = responeData.new_failed({},err)
		ngx.say(cjson.encode(result))
		ngx.log(ngx.ERR,"faild to add t_note")
		return
	end
	local  result = responeData.new_success({})
	ngx.say(cjson.encode(result))

end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Former Ticats defender Erik Harris signs extension with Raiders
By 3Down Staff
The Oakland Raiders have signed safety Erik Harris to a two-year contract extension through the 2020 season.
Harris could have been a restricted free agent, but he gets $2.5 million dollars on a new deal that could pay a total of $6.5 million.
Excited to announce I'll be staying in the Silver & Black for 2 more years. S/O to the best agent ever @surroundsound11 youngmoneyapaasports for helping me get this deal done. Thank you to… https://t.co/59ZuTg5I57
— Erik Harris (@e_harris_31) March 8, 2019
The 28-year-old from Los Angeles, California originally signed with the New Orleans Saints in 2016 playing in four games prior to tearing his ACL which Harris recovered from in time for training camp in 2017. The Raiders signed Harris quickly after the Saints let him go in September. Both the 2016 and 2017 seasons Harris was mainly a special teams player. 2018 was Harris' best NFL year yet making 49 combined tackles, defended seven passes and intercepted two balls in 16 games at safety.
The Hamilton Tiger-Cats inked Harris in 2013 and he spent three seasons in the Hammer playing in 45 games making 79 tackles another 27 on special teams and three interceptions as a standout SAM linebacker.
For what it's worth ????????♂…. D2, Not fast enough, 3years in CFL, just a special teamer at this level, Torn ACL, lateral, and medial meniscus. ???????????? https://t.co/JnFNO5vMQQ
— Erik Harris (@e_harris_31) February 21, 2019
Harris carved out an NFL opportunity by playing well in the CFL and earning his way towards more playing time with the Raiders.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Travel Technology Europe wrapped up earlier this week in London, and what was revealed is pretty significant for ongoing travel developments. Tnooz's THack initiative in particular uncovered and showcased some extraordinary travel technology assets. Voice enabled travel search, advanced API use tools, and even superior advertising solutions were offered, among the many other cutting edge technologies.


I have been asking "Accept incoming connection attempt?" whenever I open multichart since last week. I kept busy to click "YES" several times but to not avail. Mutichart keep waiting for data... Sometime if I am lucky enough I would see a chart appear but with discontinued data. I am using IB feed. My version is 1.90.468.865. Please advise what is my problem.
Please upgrade to the current beta and if the problem persists contact us via our Live Support.


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text:
Q: Play Flash in an Android WebView? How can I play Flash content in a WebView?
Any tutorial?

A: Try setPluginsEnabled(true):
mWebView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webview);
mWebView.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
mWebView.getSettings().setPluginsEnabled(true);

Related:

*

*http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=552988

*http://androidforums.com/application-development/171895-play-local-swf-file-flash-webview.html

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Writing Awards
The Presidents Blog
Fantasy Village
<< Go To Back
Fantasy Tips: Moving from Present to Future
Written by Michael Naclerio
As NBA teams were entering the end of the regular season this past month, those whose playoffs hopes had already been crushed began to contemplate the year ahead: the Lottery, the offseason, and the steps needed to build into a title contender for the 2012-13 season.
Fantasy writers might not find themselves in as big of a dilemma at the end of a given sports season but making the decision as to when to stop writing about the present and begin writing about the future (next season) is a dilemma, nonetheless.
After a grueling season of day to day or week to week writing there comes a time when a writer must opt to include projecting out the next season into their content – not just projecting out the next season but also assessing the present season in a cumulative manner.
There's a certain way to implement all of these aspects into your content effectively and specific ways to go about writing these columns.
First, a content schedule becomes integral. It is an absolute must that you continue to publish the same content you were writing in the beginning of the season otherwise you lose touch with a readership that's focused on a heated finish or a head-to-head playoff scenario.
Second, you need to start including a little bit of extra content in to the calendar that you had working effectively all season long.
What types of columns these are is up to your discretion, but there are plenty of avenues that you can take to assess the current season and project the next.
The first move will be to take a look at the entirety of the present season's statistics. This means sitting down with league-wide statistics and figuring out some of the outlying numbers. See who over-performed and who under-performed. You can then simply use these statistics to identify the deeper reasoning that a player may have struggled or bust onto the scene.
This will allow you to project who will most likely be in line to take a step back in production or breakout next season and calculate their according value.
FanGraphs writer Carson Cistulli explains: "I like to use projections, certainly. ZiPS for hitters. ZiPS and Steamer for pitchers. I'll use that and project fantasy value for every player based on it."
Allan Harrison at The Fantasy Fix does much of the same. "The data compiled is typically compared to the player's historical data and scouting reports to guide our projections for the following year. And although September call-ups are just a quick glimpse, we take advantage of the opportunity to observe the prospects each team has on their 40-man roster, to further aid our projections for the upcoming season."
The general theme is to project, project and then project some more, player by player. Project out the entire next season player by player. One great way to present this to your readers is through a ranking, either by position or overall.
But don't take it too far. This is a very preliminary look at next season through the statistics that are seemingly quite fresh in everybody's mind. Advises Cistulli: "That said, I don't calculate hard dollar values for auctions or drafts."
There's no sense in projecting out individual values at that point when so much information will be on the horizon in terms of injuries and playing time come training camp, preseason or spring training.
But as Jake Allin Ciely of RotoExperts explains you must take into account which sport you're writing about. "Was Jose Reyes going to be any different in Miami than he was in New York? No. The most difficult part with Reyes was projecting if he could stay healthy. If Justin Verlander left Detroit for Cincinnati, would we see him any differently? Nope."
Clearly some sports are just more readily assessed at such an early stage in comparison to others.
Just remember not to neglect your preexisting content calendar and to implement your projection content slowly. You never want to cut off a fantasy owner in the playoffs cold turkey when they need your advice most.


There is a time scale that you use before loving someone hurts. Once you get mid-way you start preparing your heart and mind for the inevitable. The light shines like a glow at the end of the tunnel. It's neither threatening nor comforting; it's neither reassuring nor disturbing. It's like art. This is not as simple as black and white or even darkness and light but rather a radiance and silver lining to the twisted things thought. How did it feel to be in her shoes? Lonely, at the very last moment, the decision was made and all fate takes its stand on the podium. Bow fate, bow. The roads were dry but we slid around corners, each word echoing the first, each sentence contradicting its last. "You should go". The funny thing, mind you it is far from humorous, was that it all felt too similar. I remembered the bridge and the lights, the summer time feeling in winter. The firsts and the lasts. She seems bare foot lately, walking about exposed to reality. And actually, I'd much rather it be her than me.
I can not wash her hands for her, and as the sink fills with ink, everything I have written washes away. But she still has crimson red in her eyes and with this hand choking her throat all she has time to spill are lies. I am sorry if this path I created became the only way you know. I glow, because I have accepted my love and loss. You fade into every background you have ever used on your phone. Images of your face, barely curved smiles and your lips still wet from the tears that caressed them. I am sorry noone will see your silver lining in time, and anyone could save you but you wish for only that special someone to claim you. See that is the end of the scale. Wanting to be claimed, but you will never satisfy your desire to be. So instead I wish you will break free and call out to everyone. Forget someone, and call out to everyone. I promise, I will help you be seen again, I will teach you to be luminous, so that even in the dark you can be found.


text:
Thin Liquid Films: From Theory to Applications
Submit to Special Issue Submit Abstract to Special Issue Review for Fluids Edit a Special Issue
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volume 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
issue 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Special Issue "Thin Liquid Films: From Theory to Applications"
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Special Issue Information
A special issue of Fluids (ISSN 2311-5521).
Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2022.
Share This Special Issue
Special Issue Editor
Dr. Andrey Pototsky
E-Mail Website
Department of Mathematics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
Interests: surface instabilities; thin liquid films; interfacial flows (free surface); low-Reynolds-number flows
The focus of this Special Issue of Fluids is on the recent advances in the realm of liquid films in the broad context of their theory and applications. This rapidly developing area of fluid dynamics and soft matter physics includes, but is not limited to such phenomena as stability of interfacial flows, Marangoni flow, Faraday waves and vibration, spinodal decomposition and Van der Waals forces, dewetting processes, deposition of coating layers and biofilms.
Manuscript Submission Information
Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All papers will be peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.
Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fluids is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.
Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.
Marangoni flow
Faraday waves and vibration
interfacial flows
spinodal decomposition and Van der Waals forces
dewetting processes
deposition of coating layers
Published Papers (7 papers)
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Abstract Page
Ultrasonic Atomization: New Spray Characterization Approaches
Miguel Panão
Fluids 2022, 7(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids7010029 - 07 Jan 2022
Viewed by 103
In particle engineering, spray drying is an essential technique that depends on producing sprays, ideally made of equal-sized droplets. Ultrasonic sprays appear to be the best option to achieve it, and Faraday waves are the background mechanism of ultrasonic atomization. The characterization of [...] Read more.
In particle engineering, spray drying is an essential technique that depends on producing sprays, ideally made of equal-sized droplets. Ultrasonic sprays appear to be the best option to achieve it, and Faraday waves are the background mechanism of ultrasonic atomization. The characterization of sprays in this atomization strategy is commonly related to the relation between characteristic drop sizes and the capillary length produced by the forcing frequency of wavy patterns on thin liquid films. However, although this atomization approach is practical when the intended outcome is to produce sprays with droplets of the same size, drop sizes are diverse in real applications. Therefore, adequate characterization of drop size is paramount to establishing the relations between empirical approaches proposed in the literature and the outcome of ultrasonic atomization in actual operating conditions. In this sense, this work explores new approaches to spray characterization applied to ultrasonic sprays produced with different solvents. The first two introduced are the role of redundancy in drop size measurements to avoid resolution limitation in the measurement technique and compare using regular versus variable bin widths when building the histograms of drop size. Another spray characterization tool is the Drop Size Diversity to understand the limitations of characterizing ultrasonic sprays solely based on representative diameters or moments of drop size distributions. The results of ultrasonic spray characterization obtained emphasize: the lack of universality in the relation between a characteristic diameter and the capillary length associated with Faraday waves; the variability on drop size induced by both liquid properties and flow rate on the atomization outcome, namely, lower capillary lengths produce smaller droplets but less efficiently; the higher sensibility of the polydispersion and heterogeneity degrees in Drop Size Diversity when using variable bin widths to build the histograms of drop size; the higher drop size diversity for lower flow rates expressed by the presence of multiple clusters of droplets with similar characteristics leading to multimodal drop size distributions; and the gamma and log-normal mathematical probability functions are the ones that best describe the organization of drop size data in ultrasonic sprays. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thin Liquid Films: From Theory to Applications)
Figure A1
Characterization and Modeling of the Viscoelastic Behavior of Hydrocolloid-Based Films Using Classical and Fractional Rheological Models
David Ramirez-Brewer
Oscar Danilo Montoya
Jairo Useche Vivero
Luis García-Zapateiro
Fluids 2021, 6(11), 418; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids6110418 - 18 Nov 2021
Hydrocolloid-based films are a good alternative in the development of biodegradable films due to their properties, such as non-toxicity, functionality, and biodegradability, among others. In this work, films based on hydrocolloids (gellan gum, carrageenan, and guar gum) were formulated, evaluating their dynamic rheological [...] Read more.
Hydrocolloid-based films are a good alternative in the development of biodegradable films due to their properties, such as non-toxicity, functionality, and biodegradability, among others. In this work, films based on hydrocolloids (gellan gum, carrageenan, and guar gum) were formulated, evaluating their dynamic rheological behavior and creep and recovery. Maxwell's classical and fractional rheological models were implemented to describe its viscoelastic behavior, using the Vortex Search Algorithm for the estimation of the parameters. The hydrocolloid-based films showed a viscoelastic behavior, where the behavior of the storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) indicated a greater elastic behavior (G′>G″). The Maxwell fractional model with two spring-pots showed an optimal fit of the experimental data of storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) and a creep compliance (J) (Fmin<0.1 and R2>0.98). This shows that fractional models are an excellent alternative for describing the dynamic rheological behavior and creep recovery of films. These results show the importance of estimating parameters that allow for the dynamic rheological and creep behaviors of hydrocolloid-based films for applications in the design of active films because they allow us to understand their behavior from a rheological point of view, which can contribute to the design and improvement of products such as food coatings, food packaging, or other applications containing biopolymers. Full article
Figure 6 Cont.
Thin Liquid Film Dynamics on a Spinning Spheroid
Selin Duruk
Edouard Boujo
Mathieu Sellier
Fluids 2021, 6(9), 318; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids6090318 - 06 Sep 2021
The present work explores the impact of rotation on the dynamics of a thin liquid layer deposited on a spheroid (bi-axial ellipsoid) rotating around its vertical axis. An evolution equation based on the lubrication approximation was derived, which takes into account the combined [...] Read more.
The present work explores the impact of rotation on the dynamics of a thin liquid layer deposited on a spheroid (bi-axial ellipsoid) rotating around its vertical axis. An evolution equation based on the lubrication approximation was derived, which takes into account the combined effects of the non-uniform curvature, capillarity, gravity, and rotation. This approximate model was solved numerically, and the results were compared favorably with solutions of the full Navier–Stokes equations. A key advantage of the lubrication approximation is the solution time, which was shown to be at least one order of magnitude shorter than for the full Navier–Stokes equations, revealing the prospect of controlling film dynamics for coating applications. The thin film dynamics were investigated for a wide range of geometric, kinematic, and material parameters. The model showed that, in contrast to the purely gravity-driven case, in which the fluid drains downwards and accumulates at the south pole, rotation leads to a migration of the maximum film thickness towards the equator, where the centrifugal force is the strongest. Full article
Patterns and Their Large-Scale Distortions in Marangoni Convection with Insoluble Surfactant
Alexander B. Mikishev
Alexander A. Nepomnyashchy
Fluids 2021, 6(8), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids6080282 - 13 Aug 2021
Nonlinear dynamics of patterns near the threshold of long-wave monotonic Marangoni instability of conductive state in a heated thin layer of liquid covered by insoluble surfactant is considered. Pattern selection between roll and square planforms is analyzed. The dependence of pattern stability on [...] Read more.
Nonlinear dynamics of patterns near the threshold of long-wave monotonic Marangoni instability of conductive state in a heated thin layer of liquid covered by insoluble surfactant is considered. Pattern selection between roll and square planforms is analyzed. The dependence of pattern stability on the heat transfer from the free surface of the liquid characterized by Biot number and the gravity described by Galileo number at different surfactant concentrations is studied. Using weakly nonlinear analysis, we derive a set of amplitude equations governing the large-scale roll distortions in the presence of the surface deformation and the surfactant redistribution. These equations are used for the linear analysis of modulational instability of stationary rolls. Full article
Liquid Films Falling Down a Vertical Fiber: Modeling, Simulations and Experiments
Yadong Ruan
Ali Nadim
Lekha Duvvoori
Marina Chugunova
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 579
We provide a new framework for analyzing the flow of an axisymmetric liquid film flowing down a vertical fiber, applicable to fiber coating flows and those in similar geometries in heat exchangers, water treatment, and desalination processes. The problem considered is that of [...] Read more.
We provide a new framework for analyzing the flow of an axisymmetric liquid film flowing down a vertical fiber, applicable to fiber coating flows and those in similar geometries in heat exchangers, water treatment, and desalination processes. The problem considered is that of a viscous liquid film falling under the influence of gravity and surface tension on a solid cylindrical fiber. Our approach is different from existing ones in that we derive our mathematical model by using a control-volume approach to express the conservation of mass and axial momentum in simple and intuitively appealing forms, resulting in a pair of equations that are reminiscent of the Saint-Venant shallow-water equations. Two versions of the model are obtained, one assuming a plug-flow velocity profile with a linear drag force expression, and the other using the fully-developed laminar velocity profile for a locally uniform film to approximate the drag. These can, respectively, model high- and low-Reynolds number regimes of flow. Linear stability analyses and fully nonlinear numerical simulations are presented that show the emergence of traveling wave solutions representing chains of identical droplets falling down the fiber. Physical experiments with safflower oil on a fishing line are also undertaken and match the theoretical predictions from the laminar flow model well when machine learning methods are used to estimate the parameters. Full article
Approximate Analytical Analysis of Unsteady MHD Mixed Flow of Non-Newtonian Hybrid Nanofluid over a Stretching Surface
Ali Rehman
Zabidin Salleh
Fluids 2021, 6(4), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids6040138 - 01 Apr 2021
This paper analyses the two-dimensional unsteady and incompressible flow of a non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid over a stretching surface. The nanofluid formulated in the present study is TiO2 + Ag + blood, and [...] Read more.
This paper analyses the two-dimensional unsteady and incompressible flow of a non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid over a stretching surface. The nanofluid formulated in the present study is TiO2 + Ag + blood, and TiO2 + blood, where in this combination TiO2 + blood is the base fluid and TiO2 + Ag + blood represents the hybrid nanofluid. The aim of the present research work is to improve the heat transfer ratio because the heat transfer ratio of the hybrid nanofluid is higher than that of the base fluid. The novelty of the recent work is the approximate analytical analysis of the magnetohydrodynamics mixed non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid over a stretching surface. This type of combination, where TiO2+blood is the base fluid and TiO2 + Ag + blood is the hybrid nanofluid, is studied for the first time in the literature. The fundamental partial differential equations are transformed to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the guide of some appropriate similarity transformations. The analytical approximate method, namely the optimal homotopy analysis method (OHAM), is used for the approximate analytical solution. The convergence of the OHAM for particular problems is also discussed. The impact of the magnetic parameter, dynamic viscosity parameter, stretching surface parameter and Prandtl number is interpreted through graphs. The skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are explained in table form. The present work is found to be in very good agreement with those published earlier. Full article
An Analytical Investigation of Natural Convection of a Van Der Waals Gas over a Vertical Plate
Andriy A. Avramenko
Igor V. Shevchuk
Margarita M. Kovetskaya
Fluids 2021, 6(3), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids6030121 - 15 Mar 2021
The study focused on a theoretical study of natural convection in a van der Waals gas near a vertical plate. A novel simplified form of the van der Waals equation derived in the study enabled analytical modeling of fluid flow and heat transfer. [...] Read more.
The study focused on a theoretical study of natural convection in a van der Waals gas near a vertical plate. A novel simplified form of the van der Waals equation derived in the study enabled analytical modeling of fluid flow and heat transfer. Analytical solutions were obtained for the velocity and temperature profiles, as well as the Nusselt numbers. It was revealed that nonlinear effects considered by the van der Waals equation of state contribute to acceleration or deceleration of the flow. This caused respective enhancement or deterioration of heat transfer. Results for a van der Waals gas were compared with respective computations using an ideal gas model. Limits of the applicability of the simplified van der Waals equations were pinpointed. Full article
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package org.apache.cassandra.hints;

import java.io.IOException;

final class ChecksumMismatchException extends IOException
{
    ChecksumMismatchException(String message)
    {
        super(message);
    }
}


text:
/*!
 * Angular Material Design
 * https://github.com/angular/material
 * @license MIT
 * v1.1.0-rc.5-master-7f01138
 */
/*  Only used with Theme processes */
html.md-THEME_NAME-theme, body.md-THEME_NAME-theme {
  color: '{{foreground-1}}';
  background-color: '{{background-color}}'; }

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Bangkok, 7 January 2015: The 2015 Mekong Tourism Forum is set to be hosted by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Viet Nam in Da Nang City at the beautiful central coast on 16-19 June, 2015. Under the theme, 'Unlocking the Potential of the Mekong Region via Innovative Partnerships', the tourism event for the Mekong region will showcase emerging tourist destinations and trends in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS).
The six member countries of the Greater Mekong Subregion have banded together to jointly promote sub-regional tourism product development, market the GMS as a single travel destination, and stage the annual Mekong Tourism Forum. The Forum is the event of the year for travel industry professionals dedicated to putting the GMS on the global travel map.
Tourism leaders from the public and private sectors and regional development partners attend the Forum as the ideal place for travel industry stakeholders who are serious about developing the region's cross-border potential. Business and government leaders will assess the latest tourism developments and investment opportunities along the regional road networks linking Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam and the China's provinces of Yunnan and Guangxi. The forum is supported by the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA), and the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
The Mekong Tourism Forum will feature top keynote speakers and interactive panel debates. In order to increase relevance, various sideline events will be staged, including the Mekong Tourism Investment Summit, and the E-Tourism Asia Boot Camp.
For the fourth time, the E-Tourism Asia Boot Camp will focus on four key areas, including social media and mobile marketing to key target markets including Europe, North America, and Asia; how to work with bloggers and key digital influencers; understanding online distribution and working with online travel agencies; and marketing to affluent Chinese consumers via digital and social media.
The Mekong Tourism Advisory Group (MeTAG) Meeting will meet to discuss the new Mekong Tourism Marketing Strategy & Action Plan 2015-2020 and how the public and private sector can partner and collaborate in promoting the GMS as a single tourism destination.
"We are looking forward to hosting this influential networking gathering and invite the world to Viet Nam's beautiful central coast," said Dinh Ngoc Duc, Director General, International Cooperation Department, Viet Nam National Administration of Tourism. "We are in a pivotal time when innovative partnerships are essential to unlock the potential of the Mekong region and strengthen collaboration between the private and public sectors," he said.
The 2015 Mekong Tourism Forum is free to attend for qualified industry professionals, however we will encourage donations to a yet to be determined responsible tourism initiative in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS).
Please view the most current MTF 2015 Agenda athttps://goo.gl/HR7A8P. Availability will be on a first-come first-serve basis.
No-Show – Show Kindness: We encourage last minute cancellantions and No-Shows to donate $500 to our MTF 2015 Charity Partner KOTO.
For more information, please visit http://www.mekongtourism.org/trade-professional/mekong-tourism-forum/mtf-2015 andwww.mekongtourismforum.org.
Established in early 2006, the Mekong Tourism Coordinating Office (MTCO) is a collaborative effort between the six countries of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS): Cambodia, The People's Republic of China (PRC) (Yunnan and Guangxi Provinces), The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. The mission of the MTCO is to help GMS National Tourism Organizations develop and promote the Mekong as a single travel destination, offering a diversity of good quality and high-yielding sub-regional products that help to distribute the benefits of tourism more widely; add to the tourism development efforts of each GMS destination; contribute to poverty reduction, gender equality and empowerment of women; and minimize any adverse impacts of tourism through the development of a sustainable industry. For more information, please visit www.MekongTourism.org.


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Yuchai Ranked the Top Five in China According to the Latest Evaluation Results Released by National Enterprise Technology Center
Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission released the 2019 evaluation results of the National Enterprise Technology Center. Among the 1563 participating enterprises, Yuchai ranked the top five domestically with an excellent score of 96.8, ranking first in the industry, ranking only after internationally renowned enterprises such as Huawei, and creating the best ranking in the engine industry in the ranking of the National Enterprise Technology Center.
Since its establishment for more than 60 years, Yuchai has always adhered to the innovation and development strategy. Relying on national technology platforms such as the National Enterprise Technology Center and the National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient, Energy-saving and Environmental-friendly Internal Combustion Engines, Yuchai has built up an international leading scientific research position and a unique technological innovation system.
Especially in recent years, Yuchai has grasped the new opportunities for emission upgrading of China VI and T4, and has been committed to the development and application of leading field of combustion and emission control technologies in internal combustion engines, breaking through international technical barriers. Actively extending to the upstream and downstream of the engine industry, pushing parts products to continuously extend to key parts such as sensors, aftertreatment systems, axles and other high-value-added emerging products such as electrical component systems, Yuchai has formed a high-quality equipment manufacturing system with integrated development of "parts - complete machines - terminals".
Through reform and innovation, Yuchai has an entirely new look of its development pattern, and its second venture has entered the harvest period: it has established a high-end product structure of "traditional energy power+new energy power" comparable to the first-class products in the world, built an intelligent manufacturing system conforming to German industry 4.0, and established a high-end industrial cooperation pattern with the first-class enterprises in the world such as MTU and Eberspaecher. The total number of authorized patents, the number of national scientific research projects undertaken by the company, the number of national standards participating in the formulation and revision, and the number of national science and technology awards won by the company all rank first in China's engine industry.
(Cao Wanwan)


Whether web text is a heading or paragraph isn't a matter of typography. Markup is information — data devoid of any and all visible structure. Web designers must often mark up text, but whose job is it to care?
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On a mission: Space agency shows Ambition in a blend of fact and fiction
By Martin McCarthy 04.11.2014 Space : Faction : Faction Films
Ambition the film by European Space Agency, ESA
Paris – The European Space Agency (ESA) has released a short film that blends fact and fiction to mark the next step in the audacious Rosetta mission, due to take place on 12 November 2014.
The Rosetta mission was launched in 2004 to discover the origins of comets and the roots of our solar system. Rosetta was sent to follow the comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, and is soon due to deploy a lander to the surface of the comet.
The film, Ambition, stars Aidan Gillen from Game of Thrones and tells a story that merges fact and fiction. Gillen plays a magical master teaching an apprentice who is attempting to manipulate the matter of a barren celestial landscape using telekinesis. ESA collaborated with Platige Image to make the film, which was directed by BAFTA-winning director Tomasz Bagiński.
Set far into the future, the film references the Rosetta mission as the beginning of a much broader and more ambitious series of expeditions. It strikes a balance between suspending disbelief and incorporating elements of real-world events that are unfolding, helping to create a captivating and inspiring narrative for viewers to immerse themselves in.
For more on how brands can provoke curiosity and raise questions by blurring fact with fiction, read our Faction Marketing macrotrend report.
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According to a new report from car-maker Ford, almost two-thirds of adults globally don't think their...
Sustainability : Society : Climate Emergency


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Home CINEMA I am going to die in my New Film. Johnny English please help me!
I am going to die in my New Film. Johnny English please help me!
The first trailer for the new upcoming Johnny English Strikes Again. In the third installment of this franchise that started in 2003 with simple title Johnny English and another in 2011 Johnny English Reborn. It is an action spy comedy based on a confused wannabe spy ready to create chaos but with all the good intentions. He is an anti-bond but still a loyal spy in her Majesty's Secret Service the MI6.
In the plot summary, released with the trailer, might give us a hint what new disaster to expect if the fate of the MI6 agents and the rest of world are in the hands of Johnny English.
"The new adventure begins when a cyberattack reveals the identities of all active undercover agents in Britain, leaving Johnny English as the secret service's last hope. Called out of retirement, English dives headfirst into action with the mission to find the mastermind hacker. As a man with few skills and analogue methods, Johnny English must overcome the challenges of modern technology to make this mission a success."
It is early to judge this movie based on a one-minute trailer but what is obvious from the plot summary that a cyberattack reveals the identities of all active undercover agents in Britain. I guess James Bond is one of these agents, well, if we are still in the MI6 universe. That is why there are a big chance that James Bond is in this list and indeed compromised.
Only few days before the release the plot summary and the new trailer for Johnny English Strikes Again first there was an announcement that Danny Boyle Quit Bond 25, in a few days a rumor surfaced on why he did it. According to reports it was because he Refused to Kill 007.
I don't know why Danny Boyle was so upset, it isn't his fault, it could be the carelessness of Johnny English that did it after all, just watch the trailer.
Let's be serious, everybody is fed up with 007 and wants him dead even the actor behind the last 4 bonds Daniel Craig. In an interview with Time Out after Spectre if he will consider another Bond role:
"I'd rather break this glass and slash my wrists. No, not at the moment. Not at all. That's fine. I'm over it at the moment. We're done. All I want to do is move on"
And in another interview, he wonders: "Does the franchise need a reluctant Bond?"
After a couple a year he changed his mind and he accepted to resume his role in the Bond 25. The extended version of the rumor on killing bond at the end of the film that made Danny Boyle quit Bond was his idea. Probably he wanted to make sure he will never return to the franchise or an act of revenge.
Many would like to resume this role, it has been extensively on the news recently, man and women from Idris Elba to Tom Hiddleston and even Tom Hardy with a big chance if Christopher Nolan will be directing a new Bond Trilogy like he did with Batman the Dark Knight Trilogy that was a big success and revived the franchise.
There has not been a Bond like Sean Connery from the Cold War Era, it is about time to move it toward to the 21st Century. For a proper resurrection maybe:
"James Bond must die."
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Kalashnikov CV-1 and Jaguar E-type "Zero": East Versus West 1960s Style
The Secretive Koch Brothers: The Republican Megadonors who were exposed by Trump


I am an Assistant Professor at Johns Hopkins University Carey Business School. My areas of research include macro finance, housing policy, monetary policy, and asset pricing. I am currently studying the effect of Large Scale Asset Purchases on housing markets, financial stability, and the macroeconomy.


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Van Gend En Loos Memorandum
In: Other Topics
Submitted By DanielaMya
MEMORANDUM 4
To:	Professor Charlotte Leskinen
From:	Group 5, International Business Law LLM (Daniela Pacino, Laura Kuenlen, Dima Al-
Wazani, Enrique Adrien, Nghi Lam and Marina Miranda)
Re:	Analysis of Van Gen den Loos case
Facts The case concerned Van Gend en Loos, a Dutch postal transportation company that imported a chemical product – ureaformldehyde - from West Germany to the Netherlands. The Dutch customs authorities charged them a tariff on the import, so Van Gen den Loos objected it violated the principle of the free movement and argued so that the tariff was contrary to the law of the Treaties. For instance, the company reported an infringement of Article 12 of the Treaty of Rome 12 – now Article 30 TFEU post-Lisbon -, which precisely banned the introduction of new custom duties and the increase of existing duties on the market. Van Gend en Loos therefore brought an action against the Dutch customs authorities and claimed reimbursement of the sum before the Tariefcommissie in Amsterdam, which is the highest court concerning taxes in the Netherlands. The Dutch Court however had doubt about the direct application of the mentioned article within the territory of a Member State, so decided to turn to the CJEU to obtain a preliminary ruling, in order to discover whether Article 12 could assist a private litigant before a national court. Issues * Whether a citizen of a Member State may invoke (art. 12) before national court/tribunal, in the sense that nationals of Member States may on its basis lay claim to rights which the national courts must protect; * And whether reclassifying the object imported and the application of a higher customs duty constituted a violation of (art. 12) Community law before national courts?
Holding * Yes. Article 12 EEC produces Direct Effects between states and their subjects. * Yes. A higher tariff has been imposed, implying a breach of Treaty's obligations.
Court's Reasoning
The case of Van Gend en Loos affirms for the first time that Community law is a separate legal system, distinct from, though closely linked to, both international law and the legal system of the Member States.
Analysing the dispute the CJEU firmly claims that Article 12 EEC is capable of creating personal rights for Van Gen den Loos. Essentially the Court gives guidance as to when a treaty article would be directly effective and holds that, in ascertain whether the norms of the Treaty has direct effect, it is necessary to take into account the "spirit, general scheme, and wording of those provisions".
It states, then, for its objective of the Treaty of Rome is more than an agreement, which merely creates mutual obligations between the contracting member states and underlines that it aims at creating a common market, for the benefits of individuals. The Treaty also contains establishments of institutions that are endowed with sovereign rights, the exercise of which affects both the States and their citizens. This view is confirmed indeed by the preamble to the Treaty, which not only addresses to government, but also to people.
Therefore, it follows that, the Community constitutes a new legal order of international law for the benefit of which Member States have limited their sovereign rights and the subject of which compromise not only them, but also their nationals. EU Law not only does set mutual duties between the signatory states, but it is able to grant the citizens rights before the national courts: it in fact not only imposes obligations on individuals, but is also intends to concede them rights, which become "part of their legal heritage".
Moreover, analyzing the wording of Art. 12, the judges consider that its content establishes a negative obligation, which is a clear and unconditional prohibition, and that is not associated with any reservation on the part of the states, which would make its implementation conditional upon a positive legislative measure enacted under international law: this nature of the norm makes it "ideally adapted to produce direct effects".
Still, the Court considers that the mere fact that each failure of a member states to fulfill the obligations included in the treaties can be supervised, does not imply that individuals are deprived of the possibility to act as enforcers in national courts. Undoubtedly, in spite of the existence of enforcement actions, which may be taken by the Commission or even another member state - articles 169 and 170of the Treaty-, a restriction of the guarantees against a transgression risks to make the defense of individual rights ineffective.
The ruling is based mainly on two reasons. First, following the mentioned premises, it is recognized that a denial of the direct effect theory can produce a gap in the safeguard system of individual's rights; second, it emerges clearly the will of creating a policy of legal protection, for instance "vigilance of individuals to protect their rights amounts to a more effective supervision". The enforcement of a supervisory mechanism then will produce a dual vigilance system, capable to better to secure the observance of the directives of the European Union within each member state.
According to this model of protection, the Court opens two routes for guaranteeing all the rights arising under EU law. The first one at a European level, i.e. the procedures for infringement established by articles 169 and 170 (now 258 and 259 TFEU) was marked out in the treaties; and the second one at a national level, a system of control result of creative jurisprudence. On the second question of the tariff on urea-formaldehyde, the Court first denies its power to consider the reference made by the Tariefcommissie, but recognises its jurisdiction on an interpretation of a treaty's provision. It concludes that the Netherlands has imposed a higher tariff, through a reclassification of a product into a higher-rated category, which it could not, but transmits the question of the proper tariff to the national court.
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After changes to Title IX, Bates reaffirms commitment to students affected by sexual violence
Sadie Basila, Managing Forum Editor
On May 6, the U.S Department of Education Office of Civil Rights (DoE) published new Title IX regulations regarding sexual misconduct cases on college campuses, which resulted in Bates' new Equal Opportunity, Non-Discrimination, and Anti Harassment Policy published on Aug. 14.
The Title IX changes specifically pertain to the reporting process for sexual violence, while previous adjustments, like The Dear Colleague Letter, focused more generally on protections for students. Perhaps more importantly, this revision has the weight of law behind it, just like any legislation passed by Congress, as opposed to being a set of guidelines. If a school does not follow the new Title IX rules, they could be held liable for violating a student's rights in a court of law. Theoretically, they could be subject to a loss of federal funding, but court costs are a far more likely consequence.
Notably, these changes include the mandate of live hearings with the accused and the accuser present; both parties would have to be questioned in front of one another.
The final regulations include a provision allowing for this to be accomplished remotely: "the recipient must provide for the entire live hearing (including cross-examination) to occur with the parties located in separate rooms with technology enabling the parties to see and hear each other."
Though the mandate of live hearings is certainly the most obvious change, with Bates having to make a change from administrative hearings to this new cross examinatory style, there are several other changes that impact the handling of sexual misconduct on campuses nationwide.
To be ruled sexual harassment, behavior must be "severe, pervasive, and objectively offensive," to the extent that it denies a student's access to education, as opposed to limiting or inhibiting it. It is worth noting that this conduct must be reasonably all three of the above – severe, pervasive, and objectively offensive- as opposed to meeting one or two of these standards. Colleges are prohibited from classifying misconduct that does not meet this specific requirement as sexual harassment.
Sexual misconduct affects a large number of Bates students directly. According to the 2017 Bates Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Misconduct, "25.5% of respondents [a total of 838 students] reported having experienced at least one incident of any type during their time at Bates." These incidents include stalking, sexual harassment, non-consensual sexual contact, and sexual assault.
Confidence in the Title IX office to provide support, respond appropriately, and keep confidentiality for victims was particularly high, at over 90%. The process that students have reported such confidence in has been altered as a result of the DoE regulations.
A May letter from President Spencer announced that Bates would be making revisions to policy to follow the new rules, and also included a link to official comments on the proposed changes to Title IX from January. In these comments, she and Gwen Lexow, Director of Title IX and Civil Rights Compliance, expressed concerns that changes may create an inequitable process and discourage survivors from reporting.
Lexow noted over email on August 20 that "most of the concerns [they] outlined in [their] letter to the Department of Education remain."
The Equal Opportunity, Non-Discrimination, and Anti Harassment Policy will now include the live hearings and has a narrower definition of sexual harassment. She stated that even given their new restrictions on addressing sexual harassment, "our behavioral standards have not changed," meaning that behavior that Title IX can no longer address will be addressed by the college separately under other provisions of the new policy.
Title IX was originally passed in 1972 and states, "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance."
Subsequent legislation clarified that "federal financial assistance" need not mean direct federal aid, thereby expanding the requirements to private colleges with more indirect assistance.
Presidential administrations have shaped this law's scope in the past. For example, the DoE under President Obama published guidelines for colleges to apply the policy's protections to LGBT students, particularly focusing on the issues that transgender students may face in schools. These protections were later rolled back by the U.S Department of Justice in 2017.
Maddy Clark '20 and Izzy Eichenbaum '21 created a website detailing the new Title IX regulations released by the DoE. While Clark wrote up the information, Eichenbaum stated that her role in this project was to design the website, and she took on that role after being motivated by "outrage." She believes the website and other efforts to address Title IX are important because the original document released by the DoE "clocks in at around 2,000 pages," which she calls discouraging to readers.
The site details some changes they felt were not properly addressed in Bates' January letter, such as that "schools must only investigate those incidents which occur on school property, at school-sponsored events, or during school-sanctioned activities" and "schools are not required to adopt a uniform definition of consent," nor a uniform evidentiary standard.
Clark wrote that these changes make it harder to "hold schools accountable." It is important to note that, given such discretion, Bates may choose to keep policies that mitigate harm to survivors, but other schools may not. Schools are more empowered than ever before, and it is not unreasonable to believe that certain institutions will not prioritize survivors if given the choice.
Eichenbaum believes that the limitations of Bates' assistance to survivors are not exclusively due to external pressures from the DoE, explaining that "students only learn about how the school handles sexual misconduct during freshman orientation, and as a senior, I don't remember a single thing they taught us other than bystander intervention. That's not great." She also believes the vacancy in the position of Sexual Assault Victims Advocate (Bates' previous SAVA left in Winter 2020) will create challenges for victims trying to report.
Bates has maintained its commitment to supporting survivors of sexual assault in past official communications.
Lexow stated that "The most important thing for students to know is that we have not changed our commitment to supporting students affected by sexual violence and sexual harassment; nor have we changed our willingness and ability to hold those who violate our community standards accountable."
Students who wish to report or discuss incidents of sexual violence or harassment should contact Bates' Sexual Assault Victims Advocate Andrea Bucciarelli, located in Chase 223. She can be reached by calling 207-753-6996, or by emailing [email protected].
A previous version of this article stated that the Sexual Assault Victims Advocate Position at Bates is empty. In fact, the position was filled by Andrea Bucciarelli in August.
Buddy Ullman	• Aug 31, 2020 at 5:42 PM
I read your commentary and have a correction and point to make.
Correction: The statement "To be ruled sexual harassment, behavior must be "severe, pervasive, and objectively offensive," to the extent that it denies a student's access to education, as opposed to limiting or inhibiting it. It is worth noting that this conduct must be reasonably all three of the above – severe, pervasive, and objectively offensive- as opposed to meeting one or two of these standards" is factually incorrect. Sexual assault, which is a severe form of sexual harassment, does not need to be severe, pervasive, AND obejctively offensive. Neither does quid pro quo request for a sexual favor. This statement should be corret.
Point: Ms. Clark and Eichenbaum do not appear to understand what Title IX is all about. Title IX is about access to education, not about survivors. Furthermore, when resolving a sexual assault dispute, self-designating oneself with the Title of survivor affords no special privileges. The purpose of an adjudication is to determine whether the accuser is a survivor or not.
https://thebatesstudent.com/20028/news/changes-to-title-ix/#comment-160


I certainly didn't intend for this to be an "annual" blog. Yet, it's been over a year since my last post. I sometimes borrow the title from Madeleine L'Engle's much loved children's book, A Wrinkle in Time, when I want to excuse myself for taking so long to get in touch with someone. So let's just say there's been a wrinkle in time and it's really only been, say, a month. Perhaps the whole point is that it really doesn't matter. There is no "time" in the cosmic realm of life. Yet, in this particular case, all squirming aside, it truly does matter. It matters as long as I'm living in this skin, walking the earth with the heart-pulsing desire to live true to my soul.
I read A Wrinkle in Time twenty years ago during a vacation to New Mexico. I read it along with the other two books in L'Engle's famous trilogy. She was a prolific writer and did not feel right unless she was writing. I have not felt "right" for the past year. I feel right when I write, when I create, when I sing, when I live my life according to the truth of my soul. Yet, I get busy with other work, allowing distractions, and not allowing for what matters most. This is unfortunately, a common narrative.
I could say that it's not been a total disaster. Over the past year, I've worked on a few chapters of my book-in-the-making, started a new painting and practiced my songs in the shower. Yet, it doesn't take a sage to see that this has been mere dabbling, not devotion. Not the aspired commitment to the calling of my soul. And I must fess up for fear of being a fraudulent missionary in my quest to "inspire the freedom of heart through the arts." We teach what we need to know and I've been well aware of the need to free my own wild heart. My double-Leo-inner-lioness is still pacing back and forth waiting to be free. She's certainly become more free over the years. She's now in one of those compassionate zoos with the natural barriers, rather than behind bars. However, she wants total freedom—in the wild—and will not be fully at peace until she lives according to her inner authority and not according to the rules of the zoo master or for the appeasement of others.
In my Mastering Your Energy class, I talk about awareness as the first step to mastering your energy—for feeling centered and balanced in body, mind and spirit. Without awareness of ourselves we can't really know what's needed for our well-being. In fact, simply being aware, without judgment, is healing. It's important to catch those moments of self-judgment. Otherwise, they cause further constriction, continuing to throw us off balance, interfering with inner peace and truthful living.
So, whilst I am aware of the dabbling efforts of my writing, versus the full-hearted flow of devotion, I remind myself to exercise compassion, allow the seasoning of my soul, and trust my journey, no matter how circuitous. Life is intricate and full of mystery. It's quite likely, that as I travel on into the unknown, there may well be a few more wrinkles in time.
Beautiful piece, Laura! Lyrical and truthful. I look forward to more.


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Advances in Engineering Advances in Engineering features breaking research judged by Advances in Engineering advisory team to be of key importance in the Engineering field. Papers are selected from over 10,000 published each week from most peer reviewed journals.
Professor Jeffrey Bokor
Jeffrey Bokor is the Paul R. Gray Distinguished Professor of Engineering in the department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences (EECS) at UC Berkeley, with a joint appointment as Senior Scientist in the Materials Science Division at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
He also serves as Chair of the Electrical Engineering Division in the EECS Department. He received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1975, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Stanford University in 1976 and 1980, respectively. From 1980 to 1993, he was at AT&T Bell Laboratories where he did research on a variety of topics in laser science, surface science, advanced lithography for integrated circuits, as well as semiconductor physics and technology, and held several management positions. He joined the Berkeley faculty in 1993. From 2012 to 2017, he served as Associate Dean for Research in the College of Engineering.
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Quasinormal scale elimination theory of the anisotropic energy spectra of atmospheric and oceanic turbulence
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Performance assessment of the Tsunami-HySEA model for NTHMP tsunami currents benchmarking
Control of bubble ζ-potentials to improve the kinetics of bubble-particle interactions
Molecular-level evaluation and manipulation of thermal conductivity, moisture diffusivity and hydrophobicity of a GO-PVP/PVDF composite membrane
A new method for determining the crack classification criterion in acoustic emission parameter analysis
Soil–Structure–Wave Interaction of Gravity-Based Offshore Wind Turbines
Cyclic hardening and softening behavior of the low yield point steel
Antimicrobial concrete with potential capacity to combat against the novel coronavirus
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Professor Paul Linden
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Professor Alexander O. Govorov
Enhancement of superconducting transition temperature in electrochemically etched FeSe/LaAlO3 films
Conical shear-driven parametric instability of steady flow in precessing spheroids
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A Gap Medics placement will challenge you, that's the point. From day one, you'll be in your scrubs alongside your mentor in the wards, consulting rooms, operating theatres or specialist outpatient clinics. What you ultimately gain from that experience will be down to the effort and commitment you put in, but our job is to give you the best possible opportunity to shine.
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Ted Fujita
Japanese-American severe storms researcher (1920–1998)
(1920-10-23)October 23, 1920
Sonemura, Kiku-gun, Fukuoka Prefecture, Empire of Japan
Japan and United States (1968)
Kyushu Institute of Technology (B.S., 1943)
University of Tokyo (D.Sc., 1950)
tornadoes, tornadic storm morphology, Fujita scale, multiple-vortex tornadoes, downbursts, microbursts, mesoscale meteorology
Kazuya Fujita
Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold and Silver Star (1991)
Analytical Study of Typhoons (1952)
Doctoral advisor
Shigekata Syono
Roger M. Wakimoto, Gregory S. Forbes
Tetsuya Theodore Fujita (/fuːˈdʒiːtɑː/; FOO-jee-tah) (藤田 哲也, Fujita Tetsuya, October 23, 1920 – November 19, 1998) was a Japanese-American meteorologist whose research primarily focused on severe weather. His research at the University of Chicago on severe thunderstorms, tornadoes, hurricanes, and typhoons revolutionized the knowledge of each. Although he is best known for creating the Fujita scale of tornado intensity and damage,[1][2] he also discovered downbursts and microbursts, and was an instrumental figure in advancing modern understanding of many severe weather phenomena and how they affect people and communities, especially through his work exploring the relationship between wind speed and damage.
Fujita was born in the village of Sone, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, an area that is now part of the city of Kitakyushu. He studied and taught at Kyushu Institute of Technology. In 1953 he was invited to the University of Chicago by Horace R. Byers, who had become interested in Fujita's research, particularly his independent discovery of the cold-air downdraft. Fujita remained at the University of Chicago until his retirement in 1990.[3]
Fujita is recognized as the discoverer of downbursts and microbursts and also developed the Fujita scale,[4] which differentiates tornado intensity and links tornado damage with wind speed.
Fujita's best-known contributions were in tornado research; he was often called "Mr. Tornado" by his associates and by the media.[5] In addition to developing the Fujita scale, Fujita was a pioneer in the development of tornado overflight and damage survey techniques, which he used to study and map[6] the paths of the two tornadoes that hit Lubbock, Texas on May 11, 1970. He established the value of photometric analysis of tornado pictures and films to establish wind speeds at various heights at the surface of tornado vortices.[7] Fujita was also the first to widely study the meteorological phenomenon of the downburst, which can pose serious danger to aircraft. As a result of his work, in particular on Project NIMROD, pilot training worldwide routinely uses techniques he pioneered to provide instruction to students.[8]
Fujita was also largely involved in developing the concept of multiple vortex tornadoes, which feature multiple small funnels (suction vortices) rotating within a larger parent cloud. His work established that, far from being rare events as was previously believed, most powerful tornadoes were composed of multiple vortices. He also advanced the concept of mini-swirls in intensifying tropical cyclones.[9][10]
Ted Fujita died in his Chicago home on November 19, 1998. The cause of death remains undisclosed.[11] After his death, the American Meteorological Society (AMS) held the "Symposium on The Mystery of Severe Storms: A Tribute to the Work of T. Theodore Fujita" during its 80th Annual Meeting in January 2000[12] Storm Track magazine released a special November 1998 issue, "A Tribute To Dr. Ted Fujita"[2] and Weatherwise published "Mr. Tornado: The life and career of Ted Fujita" as an article in its May/June 1999 issue.[13] He was the subject of Mr. Tornado,[14] a documentary film that originally aired on PBS American Experience on May 19, 2020.[15]
Fujita was residing in Kokura during World War II. Kokura was the primary target for the "Fat Man" plutonium bomb, but on the morning of August 9, 1945, the city was obscured by clouds and smoke from the neighboring city of Yahata, which had been firebombed the day before. As a result, the bomb was dropped on the secondary target, Nagasaki.[16] Studying the damage caused by the nuclear explosions contributed to Fujita's understanding of downbursts and microbursts as "starbursts" of wind hitting the Earth's surface and spreading out.[17]
^ "A Tribute to the Works of T. Theodore Fujita". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. American Meteorological Society. 82 (1). 1 January 2001. doi:10.1175/1520-0477-82.1.fmi.
^ a b Marshall, Tim; et al. (1998). "A Tribute to Dr. Ted Fujita". Storm Track. 22 (1).
^ "Tetsuya "Ted" Fujita, 1920–1998". University of Chicago News Office. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
^ — (February 1971). "Proposed Characterization of Tornadoes and Hurricanes by Area and Intensity". Department of Geophysical Sciences. Satellite and Mesometeorology Research Project. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago. 91. hdl:10605/261875.
^ "Tornado researcher Ted Fujita died in 1998". Weather. USA Today. Chicago: Gannett. Associated Press. March 16, 2005. Archived from the original on September 12, 2005. Retrieved June 17, 2021. Fujita, known as "Mr. Tornado" after developing the international standard for measuring tornado severity, died Thursday after a lengthy illness.
^ "NWS Lubbock, TX Local Weather Events: The 1970 Lubbock Tornado". weather.gov/lub. Lubbock, Texas. National Weather Service. Archived from the original on May 11, 2021. Retrieved May 17, 2021. The tornado killed 26 people and injured more than 1500 along its 8.5 mile track, while covering about 15 square miles of Lubbock. Dr. Theodore "Ted" Fujita later determined that all but one of the deaths (96%) occurred along the path of suction spots (also known as suction swaths and suction marks). These suction spots, which create localized areas of increased damage, are created when smaller-scale vortices develop and rotate around the larger parent tornado forming a multiple-vortex tornado.
^ McDonald, James R. (1 January 2001). "T. Theodore Fujita: His Contribution to Tornadic Knowledge Through Damage Documentation and the Fujita Scale". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. American Meteorological Society. 82 (1): 63–72. Bibcode:2001BAMS...82...63M. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(2001)000<0063:TTFHCT>2.3.CO;2. eISSN 1520-0477. ISSN 0003-0007.
^ Wilson, James W.; Wakimoto, Roger M. (1 January 2001). "The Discovery of the Downburst: T. T. Fujita's Contribution". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. American Meteorological Society. 82 (1): 79–62. Bibcode:2001BAMS...82...49W. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0049:TDOTDT>2.3.CO;2. eISSN 1520-0477. ISSN 0003-0007.
^ Dorschner, John (22 August 1993). "One year later, Andrew's scars remain". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. ISSN 1068-624X. Retrieved 15 June 2021 – via Newspaper.com. Fujita found winds within winds within winds. Mini-swirls and microburts and swatchs danced madly within the powerful eye wall, smashing some neighborhoods, then skating away, leaving other subdivisions with comparatively little damage.
^ "Wind expert says Andrew generated small superwinds". United Press International. Tampa, Florida. 20 May 1993. Retrieved 15 June 2021. Ted Fujita, professor emeritus at the University of Chicago, spoke Wednesday at the Seventh Annual Governor's Hurricane Conference in Tampa. Fujita said the newly discovered superwinds probably accounted for only a small portion of the 35,000 homes that were destroyed by the hurricane in south Dade County Aug. 24. The storm caused $16.5 billion in insured losses in the county.
^ "TETSUYA 'TED' FUJITA DIES". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved September 25, 2021.
^ Symposium on The Mystery of Severe Storms: A Tribute to the Work of T. Theodore Fujita. Long Beach, CA. 2000.
^ Rosenfeld, Jeff (2 April 2010). "Mr. Tornado: The Life and Career of Ted Fujita". Weatherwise. Taylor & Francis. 52 (3): 18–25. doi:10.1080/00431679909604293. ISSN 0043-1672.
^ "Mr. Tornado | American Experience | PBS". www.pbs.org. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
^ Rossi, Michael (19 May 2020). American Experience: Mr. Tornado (DVD). WGBH-TV/Rossi Films. ASIN B0851LK9FR. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
^ Daley, Ted (April 15, 2010). "12: Apocalypse Never". Apocalypse Never. Rutgers University Press. pp. 239–241. ISBN 978-0813546612. OCLC 793581455. Retrieved June 15, 2021 – via Google Books.
^ "Tetsuya "Ted" Fujita, 1920–1998". www-news.uchicago.edu. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
— (1 August 1970). "The Lubbock tornadoes: A Study of Suction Spots". Weatherwise. 23 (4): 161–173. doi:10.1080/00431672.1970.9932888. ISSN 0043-1672.
Shanahan, J. A., and Fujita, T. T., 1971c. The Lubbock tornadoes and Fujita suction vortices. Presented at October 18–22, 1971, ASCE Annual and National Environmental Engineering meeting, St. Louis. [October 1971]
— (22 June 1976). Photogrammetric Analysis of Tornadoes - F. History of Suction Vortices. Institute for Disaster Research. Proceedings of the Symposium on Tornadoes: Assessment of Knowledge and Implications for Man. Lubbock, Texas: Texas Tech University. pp. 78–88. hdl:10605/262139.
Fujita, T. T., and Forbes, G. S., 1976f. Photogrammetric analysis of tornadoes, D. Three scales of motion involving tornadoes, in Peterson, R. E., ed., Proceedings of the Symposium on Tornadoes, Assessment of Knowledge and Implications for Man: Institute for Disaster Research, Texas Technological University, Lubbock, p. 53–57. [June 1976] (also issued as SMRP 140c)
Grazulis, Thomas P. (1 January 1993). A Guide To: Tornado Video Classics II: The Magnificent Puzzle. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. pp. 37–78. ASIN B005J7L1LQ. OCLC 1016991986.
— (1 October 1992). "Memoirs of Effort to Unlock the Mystery of Severe Storms during the 50 Years, 1942–1992". Wind Research Laboratory – Department of Geophysical Sciences. WRL Research Paper Number 239 (in English and Japanese). University of Chicago (239). hdl:10605/262046.
Tetsuya Fujita, 78, Inventor of Tornado Scale (The New York Times obituary)
Dr. Tetsuya Theodore Fujita (The Tornado Project, 1998)
Who was the legendary 'Mr. Tornado'? (AccuWeather, May 18, 2021)
Oral History Interview with T.T. Fujita (interview by Richard Rotunno on February 2, 1988)
Tornadoes and Severe Weather – In Memory of Tetsuya T. Fujita (Dr. Kazuya Fujita)
Mr. Tornado: Tetsuya Theodore "Ted" Fujita (Bio by Keith C. Heidorn)
Fujita publications (Texas Tech University)
Fujita archival records (Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library at Texas Tech University)
Video of presentation at Tornado Symposium III, 4 April 1991
Ted Fujita at IMDb
Ted Fujita at Find a Grave
CiNii (Japan)