has high conversion rates and is easy to use. In other words, it's nice to both the business side as well as the people using it. Here is a running idea list which we're evolving. You've read all tips. Signup for updates.
And no, we are not done yet. We continue to learn about what makes user interfaces good by trying these ideas out on real consulting projects and sharing our stories. After all, you can only improve what you can measure. Our goal is to eventually build a repository of evidence showing clearly which ideas work and which ones less so. Oh, and also read our blog where we share our thoughts and advice on optimization.
A one column layout will give you more control over your narrative. It should be able to guide your readers in a more predictable way from top to bottom. Whereas a multi column approach runs some additional risk of being distracting to the core purpose of a page. Guide people with a story and a prominent call to action at the end.
A friendly gesture such as providing a customer with a gift can be just that. Deeper underneath however, gifting is also an effective persuasion tactic that is based on the rule of reciprocity. As obvious as it sounds, being nice to someone by offering a small token of appreciation can come back in your favour down the road.
Try Merging Similar Functions instead of fragmenting the UI.
Over the course of time, it's easy to unintentionally create multiple sections, elements and features which all perform the same function. It's basic entropy – things start falling apart over time. Keep an eye out for duplicate functionality labelled in various ways, as it puts a strain on your customers. Often, the more UI fragmentation there is, the higher the learning curve which your customers will have to deal with. Consider refactoring your UI once in a while by merging similar functions together.
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Social proof is another great persuasion tactic directly applicable to increasing conversion rates. Seeing that others are endorsing you and talking about your offering, can be a great way to reinforce a call to action. Try a testimonial or showing data which proves that others are present.
Repeating your call to action is a strategy that is more applicable to longer pages, or repeating across numerous pages. Surely you don't want to have your offer displayed 10 times all on the same screen and frustrate people. However, long pages are becoming the norm and the idea of squeezing everything "above the fold" is fading. It doesn't hurt to have one soft actionable item at the top, and another prominent one at the bottom. When people reach the bottom, they pause and think what to do next – a potential solid place to make an offer or close a deal.
Try Distinct Clickable/Selected Styles instead of blurring them.
Visual styling such as color, depth, and contrast may be used as a reliable cue to help people understand the fundamental language of navigating your interface: where am I, and where can I go. In order to communicate this clearly to your users, the styles of your clickable actions (links, buttons), selected elements (chosen items), and plain text should be clearly distinct from one another and then applied consistently across an interface. In the visual example, I've chosen a blue color to suggest anything that can be clicked on, and black as anything that has been selected or indicates where someone is. When applied properly, people will more easily learn and use these cues to navigate your interface. Don't make it harder for people by blurring these three functional styles.
Try Recommending instead of showing equal choices.
When showing multiple offers, then an emphasized product suggestion might be a good idea as some people need a little nudge. I believe there are some psychology studies out there which suggest that the more choice there is, then the lower the chances of a decision actually being made and acted upon. In order to combat such analysis paralysis, try emphasizing and highlighting certain options above others.
Imagine that you just pressed an action button or link. Undos respect the initial human intent by allowing the action to happen smoothly first and foremost. Prompts on the other hand suggest to the user that he or she does not know what they are doing by questioning their intent at all times. I would assume that most of the time human actions are intended and only in small situations are they accidental. The inefficiency and ugliness of prompts is visible when users have to perform actions repeatedly and are prompted numerously over and over – a dehumanizing experience. Consider making your users feel more in control by enabling the ability to undo actions and not asking for confirmation where possible.
Try Telling Who It's For instead of targeting everyone.
Are you targeting everyone or are you precise with your audience? This is a conversion idea where you could be explicit about who exactly your product or service is intended for. By communicating the qualifying criteria of your customers, you might be able to actually connect more with them while at the same time hinting at a feeling of exclusivity. The risk with this strategy of course is that you might be cutting yourself short and restricting potential customers. Then again, transparency builds trust.
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You can send your message with uncertainty trembling in your voice, or you can say it with confidence. If you're ending your messaging with question marks, using terms such as "perhaps", "maybe", "interested?" and "want to?", then most likely you have some opportunity to be a bit more authoritative. Who knows, maybe there is a bit more room for telling people what to do next in the world of conversion optimization.
Try More Contrast instead of similarity.
Making your calls to action be a bit more prominent and distinguishable in relation to the elements surrounding them, will make your UI stronger. You can easily increase the contrast of your primary calls to action in a number of ways. Using tone, you can make certain elements appear darker vs. lighter. With depth, you can make an item appear closer while the rest of the content looks like it's further (talking drop shadows and gradients here). Finally, you can also pick complementary colors from the color wheel (ex: yellow and violet) to raise contrast even further. Taken together, a higher contrast between your call to action and the rest of the page should be considered.
Try Personality instead of being generic.
Introducing yourself or your product with a name, picture or place of origin is one way to make your communication more personal. Mentioning the country, state or city of origin is surely a very human like beginning. Even if you do so virtually then you just might be perceived as a bit more friendly. Often, stating where your product is being made at also has a pretty good chance of making it feel of slightly higher quality. It's a win win.
Try Fewer Form Fields instead of asking for too many.
Human beings are inherently resistant to labor intensive tasks and this same idea also applies to filling out form fields. Each field you ask for runs the risk of making your visitors turn around and give up. Not everyone types at the same speed, while typing on mobile devices is still a chore in general. Question if each field is really necessary and remove as many fields as possible. If you really have numerous optional fields, then also consider moving them after form submission on a separate page or state. It's so easy to bloat up your forms, yet fewer fields will convert better.
Try Exposing Options instead of hiding them.
Try Suggesting Continuity instead of false bottoms.
A false bottom is a conversion killer. Yes, scrolling long pages are great, but be careful of giving your visitors a sense that the page has come to an end somewhere in between sections where it really hasn't. If your pages will scroll, try to establish a visual pattern or rhythm that the user can learn and rely on to read further down. Secondarily, be careful of big gaps in around the areas of where the fold can appear (of course I'm referring to a area range here with so many device sizes out there).
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Try Keeping Focus instead of drowning with links.
It's easy to create a page with lots of links going left and right in the hope of meeting as many customer needs as possible. If however you're creating a narrative page which is building on towards a specific call to action at the bottom, then think twice. Be aware that any link above the primary CTA runs the risk of taking your customers away from what you've been hoping them to do. Keep an eye out on the number of links on your pages and possibly balance discovery style pages (a bit heavier on the links) with tunnel style pages (with fewer links and higher conversions). Removing extraneous links can be a sure way to increase someone's chances of reaching that important button.
Try Showing State instead of being state agnostic.
In any user interface we quite often show elements which can have different states. Emails can be read or unread, invoices can be paid or not, etc. Informing users about the particular state in which an item is in, is a good way of providing feedback. Interface states can help people understand whether or not their past actions have been successfully carried out, as well as whether an action should be taken.
Try Benefit Buttons instead of just task based ones.
Imagine two simple buttons displayed on a page. One button tells you that it will "Save You Money", while the other one asks you to "Sign Up". I'd place my bets that the first one might have a higher chance of being acted on, as a sign up on it's own has no inherent value. Instead, a sign up process takes effort and is often associated with lengthy forms of some sort. The hypothesis set here is that buttons which reinforce a benefit might lead to higher conversions. Alternatively, the benefit can also be placed closely to where the action button is in order to remind people why they are about to take that action. Surely, there is still room for task based actions buttons, but those can be reserved for interface areas that require less convincing and are more recurring in use.
Try Direct Manipulation instead of contextless menus.
Occasionally it makes sense to allow certain UI elements to be acted upon directly as opposed to listing unassociated generic actions. When displaying lists of data for example, we typically want to allow the user to do something with the items in the list. Clicking on, or hovering over an item in this list can be used to express that a particular item is to be manipulated (deleted, renamed, etc.). Another example of common direct manipulation would be clicking on a data item (say a text based address) which then turns into an editable field. Enabling such interactions cuts through the number of required steps, compared to if the same task was started more generally without the context of the item – since selection is already taken care of. Do keep in mind of course that for generic item-agnostic actions, there is nothing wrong with contextless menus.
Try Exposing Fields instead of creating extra pages.
When creating landing pages that convey value, it can be beneficial to show the actual form fields on the conversion page itself. Merging the sign up form with the landing page comes with a number of benefits in comparison to creating separate multi-page sign ups. First, we are cutting out extra steps from the flow in general and the task at hand takes less time. Secondly, by showing the number of form fields right there, we are also providing the customer with a sense of how long the sign up actually is. This of course is a little easier when our forms are shorter in the first place (which of course they should be if possible).
Try Transitions instead of showing changes instantly.
Tested! We ran an a/b test on our very own site trying out 6 ideas, one of which resulted in +31% more email signups.
Interface elements often appear, hide, move, shift, and resize as users do their thing. As elements respond to our interactions, it sometimes is a little easier to comprehend what just happened when we sprinkle in the element of time. A built in intentional delay in the form of an animation or transition, respects cognition and gives people the required time to understand a change in size or position. Keep in mind of course that as we start increasing the duration of such transitions beyond 0.5 seconds, there will be situations where people might start feeling the pain. For those who just wish to get things done quickly, too long of a delay of course can be a burden.
Try Gradual Engagement instead of a hasty sign up.
Instead of asking visitors to sign up immediately, why not ask them to first perform a task through which something of value is demonstrated. During such initial interactions the product can both show off its benefits, as well as can lend itself to personalization. Once users begin to see your product's value and see how they can make it their own, they will then be more open to sharing with you additional information. Gradual engagement is really a way to postpone the sign up process as much as possible and still allow users to use and customize your application or product.
Try Fewer Borders instead of wasting attention.
Borders compete for attention with real content. Attention of course is a precious resource since we can only grasp so much at any given time. Surely borders can be used to define a space very clearly and precisely, but they also do cost us cognitive energy as they are perceived as explicit lines. In order to define relationships between screen elements which use less attention, elements can also be just grouped together through proximity, be aligned, have distinct backgrounds, or even just share a similar typographic style. When working in abstract UI tools, it's easy to drop a bunch of boxes everywhere. Boxes however come with a false sense of being immune from the order and unity which governs the rest of the screen. Hence pages with lots of boxes sometimes may tend to look noisy or misaligned. Sometimes it is helpful to throw in a line here and there, but do consider alternative ways of defining visual relationships that are less taxing to attention and your content will come through.
Try Selling Benefits instead of features.
I think this is Marketing 101. People tend to care less about features than they do about benefits. Benefits carry with them more clearly defined value. Chris Guillebeau in "The $100 Startup" writes that people really care about having more of: Love, Money, Acceptance and Free Time, while at the same time wishing for less Stress, Conflict, Hassle and Uncertainty. When showing features, and I do believe that there is still room for them occasionally, be sure to tie them back to benefits where possible.
Try Designing For Zero Data instead of just data heavy cases.
There are cases when you will have 0, 1, 10, 100, or 10,000+ data results which might need to be displayed somehow in various ways. The most common of these scenarios is probably the transition from first time use with zero data towards future use with a lot more data. We often forget to design for this initial case when there is still nothing to display whatsoever, and by doing so we run the risk of neglecting users. A zero data world is a cold place. When first time users look at your app and all it does is show a blank slate without any guidance then you're probably missing out on an opportunity. Zero data states are perfect candidates for getting users across the initial hurdle of learning by showing them what to do next. Good things scale and user interfaces are no exception.
Try Opt-Out instead of opt-in.
An opt-out strategy implies that users or customers are defaulted to take part in something without having to take any action. Alternatively, there is also the more traditional opt-in strategy that requires people to first take an action in order to take part in or receive something. There are two good reasons why opt-out works better than opt-in. First it alleviates resistance on the path of action, as the user does not have to do anything. Secondly, it's also a form of recommendation which implies some kind of a norm – "since everyone else takes this as it is, I might also do the same". Of course the opt-out strategy is often perceived as controversial as there are those sleazy marketers which will abuse it. One such evil is to diminish the readability of the opt-out text, while another is to use confusing text, such as double negatives. Both examples will result in users being less aware of actually signing up for something. Hence to keep the ethics in check, if you do decide to go with an opt-out approach, do make it very clear and understandable to your customers what they are being defaulted into. After all, this tactic has also been used in Europe to save lives.
Try Consistency instead of making people relearn.
Striving for consistency in user interface design is probably one of the most well known principles since Donald Norman's awesome books. Having a more consistent UI or interaction is simply a great way to decrease the amount of learning someone has to go through as they use an interface or product. As we press buttons and shift sliders, we learn to expect these interaction elements to look, behave and be found in the same way repeatedly. Consistency solidifies the way we learn to interact and as soon as it is taken away, we are then forced back into learning mode all over again. Consistent interfaces can be achieved through a wide possible range of things such as: colors, directions, behaviors, positioning, size, shape, labelling and language. Before we make everything consistent however, please let's bear in mind that keeping things inconsistent still has value. Inconsistent elements or behaviors come out into attention from the depths of our habitual subconscious – which can be a good thing when you want to have things get noticed. Try it, but know when to break it.
Try Smart Defaults instead of asking to do extra work.
Tried this. Smart Defaults were tested in Issue #11 on a big checkout redesign (including many other changes) with a +34% lift to Purchases.
Using smart defaults or pre-filling form fields with educated guesses removes the amount of work users have to do. This is a common technique for helping users move through forms faster by being respectful of their limited time. One of the worst things from an experience and conversion stand point is to ask people for data that they have already provided in the past, repeatedly over and over again. Try to display fields that are preloaded with values to be validated as opposed to asking for values to be retyped each time. The less work, the better.
Try Conventions instead of reinventing the wheel.
Convention is the big brother of consistency. If we keep things similar across an interface, people won't have to obviously struggle as hard. If on the other hand, we all keep things as similar as possible across multiple interfaces, that decreases the learning curve even further. With the help of established UI conventions we learn to close screen windows in the upper right hand corner (more often than not), or expect a certain look from our settings icons. Of course there will be times when a convention no longer serves purpose and gives way to a newer pattern. When breaking away, do make sure it's purposefully thought out and with good intention.
Try Loss Aversion instead of emphasizing gains.
We like to win, but we hate to lose. According to the rules of persuasive psychology, we are more likely to prefer avoiding losses than to acquiring gains. This can be applied to how product offerings are framed and communicated. By underlying that a product is protective of a customer's existing well-being, wealth or social status, such strategy might be more effective than trying to provide a customer with something additional which they don't already have. Do insurance companies sell the payout that can be gained after the accident or the protection of the things we hold dear to us?
Try Visual Hierarchy instead of dullness.
A good visual hierarchy can be used to separate out your important elements from the less important ones. A visual hierarchy results from varying such things as alignment, proximity, colour, tone, indentation, font size, element size, padding, spacing, etc. When these visual language elements are applied correctly, they can work together to direct and pause people's attention within a page – improving general readability. A visual hierarchy can be said to generate friction and slows us down from skimming through the full page top to bottom – for the better that is. With a good visual hierarchy, although we might spend a bit more time on the page, the end result should be that we register more items and characteristics. Think of it as as road trip. You can take the highway and get to your destination quicker (bottom of page), or you can take the scenic route and remember more interesting things along the way. Give the eye a place to stop.
Try Grouping Related Items instead of disordering.
Grouping related items together is a basic way of increasing fundamental usability. Most of us tend to know that a knife and a fork, or open and save functions can typically be found more or less together. Related items are just meant to be placed in proximity of each other in order to respect a degree of logic and lower overall cognitive friction. Wasting time looking for stuff usually isn't fun for people.
Try Inline Validation instead of delaying errors.
When dealing with forms and errors, it's usually better to try to detect if something isn't correct and show it sooner rather than later. The famous interaction pattern highlighted here of course is inline validation. By showing an error message as it happens (say to the right of the input field), it can be corrected right then and there as it appears in context. On the other hand, when error messages are displayed later on (say after a submit), it forces people to do some additional cognitive work of having to recall what they were doing from a few steps back.
Try Forgiving Inputs instead of being strict with data.
Try Urgency instead of timelessness.
Urgency is a persuasion tactic which can be applied in order to make people act now rather than later (or possibly never). It works because it often implies some degree of scarcity, as the thing which is available now might not be available tomorrow. It also works because it touches upon loss aversion in the same way – as we don't like losing out on opportunities. Urgency might also be one of those strategies that some look down upon as a pushy and dirty way of getting people to act. Nevertheless it's available as a strategy to use and as long as it's honest it's valid. Be careful of creating a false sense of urgency, since when your audience calls you on it, it will backfire.
Try Scarcity instead of abundance.
When there is less of anything, we tend to value it more. Scarcity suggests there was once more of something, today there is less of it, and tomorrow it might shrink yet even further. Think of a wholesale store vs. a boutique one and then look at how their pricing often compares. Then think back to the wholesaler and notice one scarcity strategy that they apply nevertheless, in light of having a wider product offering. Some wholesalers or mega retailers will actually do limited products that are only available until they are bought out, without replenishing the supply. In software, we often forget about scarcity because more often than not, bits and bytes can be so easily duplicated and there is so much abundance with the help of copy-paste. Nevertheless, in the world of UI, scarcity can still be used to show limits or bottlenecks that relate to the real world. Think of the limits behind the number of tickets you can sell to a webinar, the number of clients you can service in a month, or the number physical products you might have before the next batch is produced. All these things can be shown to the user to evoke action while being more informed. Think supply and demand. Think less is more.
Try Recognition instead of recall.
This is a classic principle of design tied strongly to psychology which suggests that it is easier to recognize something existing, as opposed to having to recall it purely from one's own memory. Recognition relies on some kind of cues or hints which help us by touching our past experience. Recall requires us to probe the depths of our memory all on our own. This might be the reason why sometimes multiple choice questions on exams can be faster to complete than open ended ones. Consider giving users the ability to recognize items which they have been exposed to before, instead of expecting them to remember everything on their own.
Try Bigger Click Areas instead of tiny ones.
Links, forms and buttons can all be made easier to click on if their size is increased. According toFitt's Law, we need more time to click on something with a pointing device, the further away it is and/or smaller it is. For this very reason, do consider increasing your form fields, calls to action, and links. Alternatively, it's also possible to keep the visual element looking as is, but instead only increasing its hotspot or clickable area. A popular example of this are text links on mobile devices or within navigation menus, that are stretched with padding.
Try Faster Load Times instead of making people wait.
Speed matters. Be it how quickly a screen loads initially, or how fast it responds to a user action can both affect whether people will wait or not. It has been suggested that each second longer affects drop off, bounce and conversion rates. Hence one tactic is to decrease the load times of our screens technically by optimizing code and images. Another tactic is to decrease the perception of load times by applying some psychology. Two tricks can be applied in order to make people feel like they aren't waiting for so long. Showing progress bars which set expectations is one. Keeping users occupied while something is loading, is another (think walking to the conveyor belt a bit longer instead of standing beside it and tapping your foot).
Try Keyboard Shortcuts instead of buttons only.
When you have a high use product, it's always good to consider those advanced users who keep coming back and spend much time with your application. People will often seek ways which allow them to perform repetitive task quicker and keyboard shortcuts are one such way of providing this. Hot keys, once remembered, can speed up task performance over point and click graphical user interfaces dramatically. One example of this is the use of the J and K hot keys for next and previous which have been popularize by applications such as Gmail, Google Reader (now history), Twitter and Tumblr. Buttons aren't bad, but they can be complemented with shortcuts for those fast fingers.
Try Anchoring instead of starting with the price.
Humans come loaded with cognitive biases, and as Kahneman observed, anchoring is one such bias that is hard to resist. It suggests that our decision making is affected by the first quantities which come to our attention. When we start with a larger number and roll down towards a smaller price, all of a sudden that price doesn't feel as large any longer. If I understand correctly, what many people miss however, is that the anchored number also doesn't have to be a price. It can be a number which doesn't need a dollar value. A common example of marketers exploiting the anchoring effect is showing the Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price followed by a lower price.
Try Upfront Progress instead of starting with a blank.
There is more motivation for getting things done the closer we are to completion. For this reason, some companies give away prestamped coffee cards. Or in the virtual world, others reward the signup process as a completed item on the list of things to do. Stephen Anderson labeled this similar pattern as Set Completion in his Mental Notes, while more formally, it can be also referred to as the Goal Gradient Effect. Either way, do make people progress or feel like they are progressing sooner rather than later.
Try Progressive Disclosure instead of overwhelming.
Progressive Disclosure protects the user from too much irrelevant information. It's a pattern which only shows information gradually if it makes sense to do so – often in the context of forms. Typically, progressive disclosure's gradual unveiling is also accompanied by some form of inline expansion or slide out animation. If too many fields increase effort and scare people away, then this is another tactic of avoiding having to enter unnecessary fields. Only show/ask for what is relevant to the situation at hand.
Try Smaller Commitments instead of one big one.
Ask people to start off with a smaller upfront commitment followed by some larger ones down the road. Big commitments can scare people off. Borrowing from Robert Cialdini's work, using commitment is a powerful persuasion strategy which taps into people's desire to be seen as having a consistent self image. That quest for consistency suggests that generally people can climb a series of smaller and connected actions more easily than one larger one. An application stemming from this is known as the foot in the door technique which works by "getting a small 'yes' and then getting an even bigger 'yes.'". One example of this would be a dating site that is asking people to just look around, followed by an introduction task, followed by a couple ideas for a date, etc. This is opposite of course to asking the same users to lock into a marriage right away (nothing wrong with getting married). 🙂 In the context of pricing, another example can be seen when we ask customers to pay a series of monthly fees instead of an annual one. A related tactic of lowering upfront commitment might also show a "no contract" messaging in order to make customers feel that they can leave anytime which further decreases the barrier to entry.
Try Softer Prompts instead of modal windows.
The modal window or dialog box is an attention hog, like it or not. Grabbing someone's attention can be a good thing, but modal windows often come with some nasty problems. First of all, modal windows can block users from performing other functions or referencing information from behind the modal. They can also be difficult to get out of for some users. Dialog boxes are also at fault for often halting the computer from completing given work which can be irritating if the user is away. Finally, modals may frustrate with interruption if someone is deep in their task and not ready to take other actions. Why not consider more subtle inline or slide out methods which might be less obtrusive and can equally capture people's attention?
Try Multifunctional Controls instead of more parts.
Simplicity is often valued in design as it somewhat correlates with ease of use. Too much clutter may burn through our limited attention pools and the more parts there are, the more room for usability issues to creep up. One way for the user interface to achieve the same with less is to make UI controls more multifunctional. That is, you take one control and you squeeze two or more functions into it. As one example, we can combine a search input field with a filtering mechanism that affects a list below right as you type. This removes the need for additional filters. We can also combine a ranking display with a rating onhover function to further avoid additional parts. Multifunctionalism isn't all that golden though. Although it simplifies, it does so at the cost of discoverability. Functions which are less visible up front run the risk of not being found. It's therefore probably better to reserve the multifunctional approach for repeat visitors which can deal with a slightly higher learning curve. Also, use it wisely and don't over do it.
Try Icon Labels instead of opening for interpretation.
Icons can be wide open to interpretation and combining them with words can remove some of the ambiguity. Take a down arrow icon for example. Does it mean to move something down, lower its priority, or download? Or does an "x" icon mean to delete, disable, or close? The problem becomes larger for light use interfaces where there isn't much time for the person to learn the meaning of the icons. To make the icons more understandable, they can be augmented with textual labels. If space is truly an issue, some user interfaces compromise by showing all of their icon labels on a single hover (less painful than having to hover on each individual icon).
Try Natural Language instead of dry text.
Natural language is a more informal and conversational interaction style than just short, strict and formal words. This style is often associated with computers being able to understand (or seem like they understand) humans better, forgive where necessary, and vice versa. The expectation is two fold. First, a person types in a phrase which the computer would ideally comprehend the full meaning of. Second, the responses by the computer are also more conversational and friendly in return. Although we might not be fully there yet with the first part, there are some basic and promising examples such as: searching for "toronto weather" in Google, Ubiquity for Firefox and Siri commands. As for interfaces which display their messages as conversations there are some hints that they might convert just a bit better (some more testing required).
Try Curiosity instead of being reserved.
Try Reassurances instead of assuming all is fine.
When you're closing a sale, drop some reassurances. Throw in a guarantee, tell your customers that they will be satisfied, tell them that the payment is secure, that yes shipping is free, and yes that they can pull out at anytime without any risk. All is good and all will be fine. Don't worry, be happy. Putting a positive spin on a close is definitely worth a try as a conversion tactic.
Try Price Illusions instead of just plain prices.
This seems to work. Price Illusions were once tested in Issue #15 on a checkout page resulting with +17% more purchases. While in Issue #4 they also generated +48% higher plan purchases.
You can let people judge the value of your product completely on their own, or you can help to do it for them. If you decide to make use of human irrationality, you can show the price in a way so that your offering becomes perceived as more valuable. In the simplest way you can start off with framing words such as "only", "affordable", or "small fee of" alongside of the price. The price then can also be broken down into a per unit price (ex: 30¢ per page rather than $30 for a book, or $1 per day instead of $30 per month for a membership). Further, the infamous prices ending in a "9" instead of having a round number can also be used. Finally, prices can be shown with fewer digits ($30, instead of $30.00) for an additional effect of illusion.
Try Thanking instead of simply confirming completion.
Try Useful Calculations instead of asking to do math.
A user interface can do mathematical calculations, large or small, for users and thus remove unnecessary friction. As one example, let's say that some application shows used up credits out of an available pool. It might be more meaningful to calculate for users how many remaining days that actually is before their application stops functioning. Or yet an even simpler and more popular example when we try to understand how recent or old multiple rows of data really are. In this case a relative time stamp of "3 min ago" has more meaning and requires less effort to comprehend than say an absolute one of "4:37pm, Sept 2". Take out the pain of having to do the math.
Try Reaffirming Freedom instead of implying it.
People may be persuaded to act more often when their choice or free will is explicitly reaffirmed. There have been some studies done on the "But You Are Free" technique with cases where the effect to act sometimes even doubled. The idea is to call out an action or decision, followed by a simple statement suggesting that "it's your choice", or "you are free to refuse", etc. The persuasive power of this technique seemed the strongest when the request was made face-to-face and/or the request to act and reaffirmation were closer together.
Try Variable Rewards instead of predictability.
Variable rewards are great way to get users hooked. When we (or mice at least) press levers that spit out pellets unpredictably (as in sometimes not spitting out anything), then such a schedule of reinforcement has the highest rate of response in the shortest amount of time. If eating pellets isn't your thing however, then please consider how addictive email checking can be as we never really know when those "rewarding ones" really do appear (assuming you receive more than just the same old email from Joe everyday).
Try Attention Grabs instead of neglect.
It's worth channelling additional attention towards the most important actions. This can be achieved in numerous ways starting with the more obvious size increase or higher contrast of an element. Other ways for directing attention also include: using irregular shapes, field auto focusing, section highlights, sticky element interactions (floating), as well as directional arrows. Surely you cannot have everything scream on a page, but emphasizing the primary calls to action is worth the effort.
Try Friendly Comparisons instead of confusion.
User interfaces sometimes require us to make comparisons of product characteristic which directly affects ease of use. There are a number of ways in which such comparisons can be made more understandable and therefore help users make a smoother decision. First of all, limiting the number of things or properties to compare at any given time is one simple way of alleviating confusion. Secondly, spacing out properties should help comparison making, instead of mixing various properties into a single column. Thirdly, asking the user to make a single decision (instead of threaded or multiple ones at the same time) should remove additional cognitive friction. Overall, the purpose of a table should be to show the difference of the most relevant attributes and help make a single decision.
Try Set Collections instead of independent items.
People are motivated to collect things. Whether physical or virtual, seeing a closed set of things to collect from establishes a goal to strive for. Often obtaining the complete set can motivate even further by carrying added benefits of synergistic qualities (a cake is bigger and better than its individual ingredients). Perhaps, showing items which have been already collected, also reinforces behavior by showing past actions as achievement. Finally, the motivation to collect a complete set might be stronger if the number of items is known to be finite (overlaying scarcity).
Try Expectation Setting instead of being ignorant.
It's nice when people set expectations for each other. It doesn't take much effort for a person or interface to inform someone when the next task will be completed. You are on step 1 of X. Your choice will result in Y. You will receive something before Z. All those little promises not only inform but also build trust. Unhelpful interfaces on the other hand can come off a little cold as the user is kept in the dark.
Try Humor instead of being so serious.
Why should everything always have to be so serious all the time? It doesn't. You can always lighten up by throwing in a joke or something playful here and there. Adding humor to your UI might or might not work. When it does work however, humor can build up a stronger human relationship between you and your users/customers. Having an amount of such chuckles and smiles built up and stored away for the future is probably a nice to have. When the times get tough, people who have a stronger and more personal relationship with you may be more prone to forgiveness during erroneous situations.
Try Providing Feedback instead of silence.
When we perform an action or task, we want to know that it has been successfully completed. Feedback provides this closure to any action. It can be as subtle as the drying of ink on a piece of paper, or as blunt as a dialogue message confirming that one of your emails has been delivered. Silence on the other hand breeds uncertainty. Did it really work? Did I hear a click? Was the button really pressed? Should I try again? Feedback answers all these questions. It is a very valuable and essential element for any successful interaction.
Try Anticipating Intent instead of shortsightedness.
Feelings of "yes this is exactly what I was looking for" may be brought on by some form of intent anticipation by the user interace. Having a UI which correctly guesses what the user is after, should in turn bring in more smiles and dollars (or at least less frowns). As one example, Amazon.com has achieved this at the micro interaction level with their mega drop down menu. The menu essentially detects intent of the correct sub-menu to display using some interesting geometry and front-end engineering. It saves the user the pain of moving the cursor across a diagonal line towards a desired sub-menu, only to discover that the sub-menu changed to something else or disappeared altogether. Detecting the user's intent however is a balancing act that may be easier with simpler and scripted interactions. The playing field is still wide open for more advanced intent detection which might require stronger artificial intelligence.
Try Extra Padding instead of overcrowding elements.
White space can definitely make content and/or data more readable. When elements are slightly separated away from each, they begin to be allowed to be perceived individually. This can be good for lists, tables, paragraphs or any sets of elements on a screen. One common way of applying white space is with extra padding all around an item. Without adequate padding on the other hand, elements begin to blur together into indistinguishable wholes. So when readability is concerned, padding may help.
Try Storytelling instead of listing just the facts.
Storytelling is the oldest form of communication which could be used on landing pages, applications and various UI interactions. Instead of listing out the information in bullet point form, why not give narrative a try? A basic story will have a few simple elements such as a setting, a character with intentions, and some problematic situation just around the corner. Stories elicit a more emotional response by making it feel as if the written experience was actually encountered. As a result of this, stories may also become more memorable. Long form sales letters have directly applied storytelling, which could be the reason why they are still effective to this day.
Try Authenticity instead of faking it.
We tested this! Authenticity was explored in a really interesting Datastory #16 where four Customer Review variations generated +7.8% purchases.
Most people can sniff out a liar a mile away. Aiming to be authentic may be just the cure in helping your product or screen in becoming more trustworthy. Stock images including happy people smiling just about no good reasons, may be suspect number one in undermining trust. There are a few tests out there which have hinted at this here and there. Another area which may often be a source of skepticism are product reviews. Having a mix of good and bad reviews as opposed to just the shiny ones, may also help. Finally, having precise non-rounded numbers may also be perceived as more believable as well.
Try Progressive Reduction instead of being static.
Progressive Reduction has been discussed by LayerVault. It's a rather simple idea that as users learn to use your interface or application, the functions which where more important in the beginning, become easier or less important over time. For example, certain onboarding related calls to actions may be moved further away as room is made for other content. Or, icon labels may become hidden as the meaning of icons becomes understood. People learn to use an interface and the progressive reduction pattern respects that.
Try Putting Others First instead of self-centeredness.
Putting others' interests ahead of yours, while building social influence as a result, isn't a new idea at all. Reframing conversations from "I" to "You", listening well, and being genuinely interested in others, have all been central in Dale Carnegie's How to Win Friends and Influence People, almost a century ago. Our level of being audience, customer or user centric expresses itself in the language and interactions we (or our products) make use of or enable. More so, apparently arguing against one's own self-interest may be a strong source of additional credibility, as has been observed in a social experiment. Sometimes, seeing and telling things from other people's perspective (even if it does not immediately benefit) may in fact result in a constructive action that ends benefiting everyone.
Try Explaining instead of assuming the obvious.
Some things which may seem obvious to us, might be less so to others. Form fields are probably the classic example of this with their open ended nature. That's where explanations, descriptions, and hints come in. Using contextual explanations uncertainties may be removed in numerous ways by communicating: the reason for asking for information, an example of acceptable input, a requirement, or where to find the information being asked for. One thing to keep in mind when using such contextual descriptions however, is not to use them as placeholder text within the form field itself – as Jakob Nielson has warned.
Try Concise Copy instead of using unnecessary words.
Get to the point by writing shorter sentences, using simpler and fewer words. After writing the first draft, see if you can condense it. Showing the core message will convey what you intended without losing someone's attention. Here are 5 simple tips on tighter writing while avoiding the passive voice and meaningless words.
Try Responsive Layouts instead of static ones.
There is nothing worse in the world than double scroll-bars. Seriously, it's as cognitively taxing as looking at a map through a keyhole. Some of these weird situations might be caused unintentionally due to static layouts when looking at UIs on smaller devices. One way around this problem, of course, is with responsive layouts that adjust automatically for various screen shapes and sizes.
Try Visual Clarity instead of ambiguity.
"All meaning exists in the context of polarities" writes Dondis in A Primer of Visual Literacy. We come to understand darkness in the context of light, belonging in the context of isolation, order in the context of disorder, large in the context of small. Picking a stance within such polarities and expressing them clearly through visual language, helps people understand the intent. The biggest disruptor of meaning is ambiguity. When things are somewhat different, yet not really, it creates confusion as our minds try to make sense of the visual. This is why it's better to be purposeful about grouping things (or spacing them farther apart), using more diverse font sizes (or making them exactly the same), and using more diverse tones (or making them exactly the same). Trying to figure out if a visual style was by mistake or by design is stressful and taxing on the mind.
Try Enabling Corrections instead of rigidness.
It's inevitable that people, the interface, or your business will make mistakes. Allowing correction to happen in such situations will ease the pain of having to start all over again. Perhaps a user has logged in with his friend's account (for better or for worse), and would like to re-authenticate. Perhaps the user changes his mind about not wishing to order 8, but 7 oranges instead? Perhaps the user's shipping address has changed last month and a change is needed. The UI should allow users to make such subtle corrections – it's only natural.
Try Social Commitments instead of solitude.
Social commitments may be a form of self inflicted motivation, so to say. We tend to have a preference for a consistent self-image. In this regard, making a public or social promise of some sort, begins to hold us accountable. This has even been shown to be effective in the context of weight loss. Therefore, when we tell people that we'll do something (or take publicly visible actions), there is a higher chance that we'll actually follow through with consistent actions in the future.
Try Retries And Redos instead of single chances.
Sometimes things will just not work out as intended during the process and users might wish to simply try again. Perhaps a file upload fails, or perhaps we'd like to reprint another version of a document without making any changes or corrections. The UI could make such redos and retries super easy or difficult. When the outcome of an action is not satisfactory and there is no way to try again, stress (and lost conversions) will surely follow.
Try Less Choice instead of giving too many options.
The amount of choice should be questioned and possibly limited, as first hinted in idea #7 and recently rediscovered in an awesome write up (by ConversionXL). Apparently the more choices there are, the harder decision making may become. What's even more interesting is that with more choice our satisfaction is also at risk of diminishing as expectations, regret and self-blame tend to increase. However, not all choice is all that bad as it may also reaffirm freedom. As the famous jam study (with less choice leading to higher decisions) is still struggling to be replicated, we prefer to take somewhat of a middle ground approach and test this further.


No doubts, that Alfred is one of best producer of this piano songbooks & scores. All of my mates tell me, that I must buy Alfred 44-0312 Piano Play Tunes- Level 1 - Music Book. The earlier I buy it, the better it is.


text:
<?php

 /**
 * getting information from Thermal Zone WMI class
 *
 * @category  PHP
 * @package   PSI_Sensor
 * @author    Michael Cramer <BigMichi1@users.sourceforge.net>
 * @copyright 2009 phpSysInfo
 * @license   http://opensource.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.php GNU General Public License
 * @version   Release: 3.0
 * @link      http://phpsysinfo.sourceforge.net
 */
class ThermalZone extends Sensors
{
/**
     * holds the COM object that we pull all the WMI data from
     *
     * @var Object
     */
    private $_buf = array();

    /**
     * fill the private content var
     */
    public function __construct()
    {
        parent::__construct();
        if (PSI_OS == 'WINNT') {
            $_wmi = null;
            try {
                // initialize the wmi object
                $objLocator = new COM('WbemScripting.SWbemLocator');
                $_wmi = $objLocator->ConnectServer('', 'root\WMI');
            } catch (Exception $e) {
                $this->error->addError("WMI connect error", "PhpSysInfo can not connect to the WMI interface for ThermalZone data.");
            }
            if ($_wmi) {
                $this->_buf = CommonFunctions::getWMI($_wmi, 'MSAcpi_ThermalZoneTemperature', array('InstanceName', 'CriticalTripPoint', 'CurrentTemperature'));
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * get temperature information
     *
     * @return void
     */
    private function _temperature()
    {
        if (PSI_OS == 'WINNT') {
            if ($this->_buf) foreach ($this->_buf as $buffer) {
                if (isset($buffer['CurrentTemperature']) && (($value = ($buffer['CurrentTemperature'] - 2732)/10) > -100)) {
                    $dev = new SensorDevice();
                    if (isset($buffer['InstanceName']) && preg_match("/([^\\\\ ]+)$/", $buffer['InstanceName'], $outbuf)) {
                        $dev->setName('ThermalZone '.$outbuf[1]);
                    } else {
                        $dev->setName('ThermalZone THM0_0');
                    }
                    $dev->setValue($value);
                    if (isset($buffer['CriticalTripPoint']) && (($maxvalue = ($buffer['CriticalTripPoint'] - 2732)/10) > 0)) {
                        $dev->setMax($maxvalue);
                    }
                    $this->mbinfo->setMbTemp($dev);
                }
            }
        } else {
            $notwas = true;
            foreach (glob('/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone*/') as $thermalzone) {
                $thermalzonetemp = $thermalzone.'temp';
                $temp = null;
                if (CommonFunctions::rfts($thermalzonetemp, $temp, 0, 4096, false) && !is_null($temp) && (trim($temp) != "")) {
                    if ($temp >= 1000) {
                        $temp = $temp / 1000;
                    } elseif ($temp >= 200) {
                        $temp = $temp / 10;
                    }

                    if ($temp > -40) {
                        $dev = new SensorDevice();
                        $dev->setValue($temp);

                        $temp_type = null;
                        if (CommonFunctions::rfts($thermalzone.'type', $temp_type, 0, 4096, false) && !is_null($temp_type) && (trim($temp_type) != "")) {
                            $dev->setName($temp_type);
                        } else {
                            $dev->setName("ThermalZone");
                        }

                        $temp_max = null;
                        if (CommonFunctions::rfts($thermalzone.'trip_point_0_temp', $temp_max, 0, 4096, false) && !is_null($temp_max) && (trim($temp_max) != "") && ($temp_max > -40)) {
                            if ($temp_max >= 1000) {
                                $temp_max = $temp_max / 1000;
                            } elseif ($temp_max >= 200) {
                                $temp_max = $temp_max / 10;
                            }
                            $dev->setMax($temp_max);
                        }

                        $notwas = false;
                        $this->mbinfo->setMbTemp($dev);
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($notwas) {
                foreach (glob('/proc/acpi/thermal_zone/TH*/temperature') as $thermalzone) {
                    $temp = null;
                    if (CommonFunctions::rfts($thermalzone, $temp, 1, 4096, false) && !is_null($temp) && (trim($temp) != "")) {
                        $dev = new SensorDevice();
                        if (preg_match("/^\/proc\/acpi\/thermal_zone\/(.+)\/temperature$/", $thermalzone, $name)) {
                           $dev->setName("ThermalZone ".$name[1]);
                        } else {
                            $dev->setName("ThermalZone");
                        }
                        $dev->setValue(trim(substr($temp, 23, 4)));
                        $this->mbinfo->setMbTemp($dev);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * get the information
     *
     * @see PSI_Interface_Sensor::build()
     *
     * @return Void
     */
    public function build()
    {
      $this->_temperature();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Bob's Burgers Season 8 Episode 11
Tina allows Tammy to spend Spring Break with the Belchers – and even plays Cupid, setting up Tammy with Brett, a boy from out of town. Then, Gene and Bob enlist the help of Dr. Yap in finding a replacement baby tooth to complete Linda's collection, after Gene loses his own.
Serie: Bob's Burgers
Episode Title: Sleeping with the Frenemy
Dr. Max Goodwin, the hospital's newest medical director, sets out to tear up the bureaucracy and provide exceptional care.
A brilliant young attorney, who is also the daughter of a former U.S. president, is blackmailed to head up LA's new Conviction Integrity Unit. She and her team investigate cases…
Imagine the perfect American town… beautiful homes, manicured lawns, children playing safely in the streets. Now imagine never being able to leave. You have no communication with the outside world….
Genre: Drama, Mystery, Sci-Fi & Fantasy
Drama about a fictional British Royal family set in modern day London, who inhabit a world of opulence and regal tradition that caters to any and every desire, but one…
Two unlicensed Swedish private investigators try to make a living in Los Angeles.
Two sisters discover disturbing family secrets after a string of mysterious deaths occur on a luxury ship traveling from Spain to Brazil in the 1940s.
Saitama is a hero who only became a hero for fun. After three years of "special" training, though, he's become so strong that he's practically invincible. In fact, he's too…
30,21,17 min
A hedonistic jingle writer's free-wheeling life comes to an abrupt halt when his brother and 10-year-old nephew move into his beach-front house.
A group of single parents lean on each other to help raise their 7-year-old kids and maintain some kind of personal lives outside of parenthood.
Single-camera comedy centering on a diverse group of survivors adjusting to being stranded on an uninhabited island, a dangerous new world where they must face many threats – mostly brought…
When a body is found on the bridge between Denmark and Sweden, right on the border, Danish inspector Martin Rohde and Swedish Saga Norén have to share jurisdiction and work…
Genre: Crime, Mystery
Chicagoan Frank Gallagher is the proud single dad of six smart, industrious, independent kids, who without him would be… perhaps better off. When Frank's not at the bar spending what…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Purpose: This was a pilot study to assess the impact of a preventive strategy following full-mouth dental rehabilitation (FMDR) under general anesthesia in children with early childhood dental caries.
Methods: Sixty-six patients completed FMDR and were included in the analysis. At the consultation visit, caries risk assessment (CRA) and dental exam information were recorded, and caregivers completed an oral health knowledge (OHK) questionnaire. Patients returned for a post-surgery and recall visit. Caregivers received oral hygiene instructions in a motivational-interviewing style.
Conclusions: Preliminary data demonstrates that the preventive strategy is effective in reducing CRA level in children following FMDR.


Konami is bringing PES 2017 to mobile!
Square Enix just announced that it has withdrawn from the business of IO Interactive.
This is sad news for sure for IO Interactive and there's no mention on whether the sale would include the Hitman IP or any other specifics yet. HITMAN (2016) was one of the few implementations of games as a service that seemed to work for both critics and fans. I know I had a lot of fun with each location.
HITMAN (2016) is available on PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and PC.


text:
New from Candlewick Press: Echo After Echo by Amy Rose Capetta.
Zara Evans has come to the Aurelia Theater, home to the visionary director Leopold Henneman, to play her dream role in Echo and Ariston, the Greek tragedy that taught her everything she knows about love. When the director asks Zara to promise that she will have no outside commitments, no distractions, it's easy to say yes. But it's hard not to be distracted when there's a death at the theater — and then another — especially when Zara doesn't know if they're accidents, or murder, or a curse that always comes in threes. It's hard not to be distracted when assistant lighting director Eli Vasquez, a girl made of tattoos and abrupt laughs and every form of light, looks at Zara. It's hard not to fall in love. In heart-achingly beautiful prose, Amy Rose Capetta has spun a mystery and a love story into an impossible, inevitable whole — and cast lantern light on two young women, finding each other on a stage set for tragedy.
Debuting on the New York stage, Zara is unprepared — for Eli, the girl who makes the world glow; for Leopold, the director who wants perfection; or for death in the theater.
Visit Amy Rose Capetta's website.


It's hardly news that ABC Carpet & Home's recycled Sari silk rugs are stunning. But it's a happy surprise to see that the process behind them is just as beautiful.
In a video exclusive to ELLEDECOR.com, Paul Austin shares the "Source Story" of the rugs, starting in Jaipur, India. We see artisans go through the process step-by-step, from the colorist's painstakingly detailed work to the dyeing and rinsing procedure that calls to mind the rich, vibrant color explosion of the Indian festival of Holi. Not only do the rugs pay tribute to the history of Jaipur as a center for hand-crafted textiles, but the silk yarn itself—made from recycled Saris—holds its own memories.
Click through the slideshow to see photos from Austin's trip to Jaipur and see the rugs up close at ABC Carpet & Home's Union Square store.
The artisans give the rugs their vibrant hues with natural dyes and a series of time controlled water washes.
Though the yarn is dyed, hints of color from the original sari silk remains to create a painterly effect, once woven.
Artisans create a loom drawing by hand, onto which a colorist paints in a palette.


Ulven Reviews was founded in 2018, trying to reach as many people as possible to talk about movies and series while digging deep into the themes and context of them. Another objective of this project is to have a very diverse environment, giving space (and voice) for movies and series from all over our world.
For those looking for a different movie to watch, or even the all-time classics, you can be sure there will be movies and series for every taste. With the new movies to discover here, you can go further in the things you're already into or even get a little of your comfort zone and open the mind a little more.
I invite you to be an explorer and a participant, with comments, suggestions, sharing with friends and engaging with the others here. I expect this exchange can be good for everyone.


text:
Q: What is the probability that none of the events happens? Suppose there are 3 events such that:
P(A)=0.20
P(B)=0.10
P(C)=0.40
P(A ∩ B)=0.05
P(A ∩ C)=0.10
P(B ∩ C)=0.03
P(A ∩ B ∩ C)=0.01
What is the probability that none of the events happens?
this is my solution: 1 - (.2 + .1 + .4 + .05 + .1 + .03 + 01) = .11
however, my answer manual says the final answer is .47
am i doing something wrong ? pls help

A: First you want the find probability that at least one of the events happen, and then do $1$ minus that. Using the inclusion-exclusion formula:
$$P(A \cup B \cup C) = P(A)+P(B)+P(C)-P(A \cap B) - P(A \cap C) - P(B\cap C)+P(A \cap B \cap C)$$
You have all these values.

A: hint:$$P(A^c\cap B^c\cap C^c)= P((A\cup B\cup C)^c)= 1- P(A\cup B\cup C) = 1- P(A)-P(B)-P(C) + P(A\cap B) + P(A\cap C) + P(B\cap C) - P(A\cap B\cap C)=.....$$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Keep your entire digital signage library on the same network as your digital signage players.
Deliver media-rich experiences with no delay or buffering.
Expand in-store digital signage without worrying about your network.
The Scala Content Accelerator is based on SuperLumin Cache technology. SuperLumin, a STRATACACHE company, helps Enterprise to significantly reduce network performance challenges by decreasing the overall volume of content moving over the provider network. Our technologies identify frequently requested data and store it on a local device otherwise known as caching. Caching eliminates the need to repeatedly transmit the same content over and over again, severely slowing down your network.


© 2015 Cytognomix Inc. — Designed and implemented by Katherina Baranova, Yanxin Li, Ben Shirley, Eliseos Mucaki and Peter Rogan.	Not approved for clinical use.
Increasingly, the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy agents for breast cancer has been related to changes in the genomic profile of tumors. We investigated correspondence between growth inhibitory concentrations of paclitaxel and gemcitabine (GI50) and gene copy number, mutation, and expression first in breast cancer cell lines and then in patients. Genes encoding direct targets of these drugs, metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and those previously associated with chemoresistance to paclitaxel (n=31 genes) or gemcitabine (n=18) were analyzed. A multi-factorial, principal component analysis (MFA) indicated expression was the strongest indicator of sensitivity for paclitaxel, and copy number and expression were informative for gemcitabine. The factors were combined using support vector machines (SVM). Expression of 15 genes (ABCC10, BCL2, BCL2L1, BIRC5, BMF, FGF2, FN1, MAP4, MAPT, NKFB2, SLCO1B3, TLR6, TMEM243, TWIST1, and CSAG2) predicted cell line sensitivity to paclitaxel with 82% accuracy. Copy number profiles of 3 genes (ABCC10, NT5C, TYMS) together with expression of 7 genes (ABCB1, ABCC10, CMPK1, DCTD, NME1, RRM1, RRM2B), predicted gemcitabine response with 85% accuracy. Expression and copy number studies of two independent sets of patients with known responses were then analyzed with these models. These included tumour blocks from 21 patients that were treated with both paclitaxel and gemcitabine, and 319 patients on paclitaxel and anthracycline therapy. A new paclitaxel SVM was derived from an 11-gene subset since data for 4 of the original genes was unavailable. The accuracy of this SVM was similar in cell lines and tumour blocks (70-71%). The gemcitabine SVM exhibited 62% prediction accuracy for the tumour blocks due to the presence of samples with poor nucleic acid integrity. Nevertheless, the paclitaxel SVM predicted sensitivity in 84% of patients with no or minimal residual disease.
Growth inhibition (GI50) values for paclitaxel and gemcitabine, as well as copy number and gene expression data were obtained from the supplementary data of Daemen et al. (2013). The data was used to train SVMs on a set of cell lines for paclitaxel and gemcitabine.
The SVM calculator requires data comparable to the training set for classification. Log2 normalized gene expression data were derived from Affymetrix Gene Chip Human Exon 1.0 ST arrays. Array data from Exon 1.0 ST and U133 arrays is comparable to this dataset (after log2 normalization) and can be entered into the SVM calculator as is. Copy number data must be entered as an integer.
That data must be binned to be comparable to the test set. Input the data and activate the binning option at the bottom of the form and the data will automatically be binned into pre-existing qRT-PCR bins.
An SVM model was trained for paclitaxel and gemcitabine: using expression values binned into 10 categories. Binning was performed because amplifiable RNA template concentration in FFPE blocks is not known precisely, because it is subject to long term degradation and reactivity. Equal width binning was performed, where the date is divided into 10 intervals of equal size. If a value is greater than the previous bin, and less than or equal to the current bin, it falls into that bin.
The binning tables are show below. ABCC10 is in the gemcitabine and paclitaxel set so does not repeat between tables - i.e. it is only in the paclitaxel table.
The SVM Calculator will return a classification for the sample ("sensitive" or "resistant"). It will also return the classification score - the distance from the SVM hyperplane that distinguishes sensitive or resistant data. If you have selected the binning function, it will return the results of the binning on the next page.
The box and whisker plot below will aid in interpretation of the SVM score. Patients from Hatzis et. al. (2011) with a low residual disease burden were classified by our expression signature to predict pathological complete response (pCR) or recurrent disease (RD). The bow and whisker plot demonstrates the score for each class: RD and pCR misclassified as resistant (scores above 0) and pCR and RD misclassified as sensitive (scores below 0). A "sensitive" result is more likely to have been misclassified when it returns a score close to 0 (the position of the hyeperplane). However, this is not the case for "resistant" results, so caution must be taken here.
The Support Vector Machine (SVM) Calculator accepts gene expression values from log2 normalized microarray data and copy number values as integers. It can also accept qRT-PCR data, but equal width binning is necessary for comparison to the training set. The SVMs were trained on a set of 49 cell lines for the paclitaxel sensitivity calculator and 44 for the gemcitabine sensitivity calculator. Subsequently, SVMs for doxorubicin, epirubicin, methotrexate, tamoxifen and 5-fluorouracil were built using 84 breast cancer patient data from METABRIC, treated with either chemotherapy or both chemo- and hormone therapy. Additional models were built for cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin, based on 39, 46 and 47 breast cancer patients respectively. After you input expression and/or copy number data, the calculator will return the score - the distance from the SVM hyperplane - and the prediction for whether the cell line or patient is sensitive or resistant.


text:
<Global.Microsoft.VisualBasic.CompilerServices.DesignerGenerated()> _
Partial Class MainForm
    Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form

    'Form overrides dispose to clean up the component list.
    <System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCode()> _
    Protected Overrides Sub Dispose(ByVal disposing As Boolean)
        Try
            If disposing AndAlso components IsNot Nothing Then
                components.Dispose()
            End If
        Finally
            MyBase.Dispose(disposing)
        End Try
    End Sub

    'Required by the Windows Form Designer
    Private components As System.ComponentModel.IContainer

    'NOTE: The following procedure is required by the Windows Form Designer
    'It can be modified using the Windows Form Designer.
    'Do not modify it using the code editor.
    <System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThrough()> _
    Private Sub InitializeComponent()
        Me.Panel1 = New System.Windows.Forms.Panel()
        Me.BtnGenerate = New System.Windows.Forms.Button()
        Me.BtnCheck = New System.Windows.Forms.Button()
        Me.BtnAddFiles = New System.Windows.Forms.Button()
        Me.SplitContainer1 = New System.Windows.Forms.SplitContainer()
        Me.TxtMd5List = New System.Windows.Forms.TextBox()
        Me.lxtBoxFiles = New System.Windows.Forms.ListBox()
        Me.Panel1.SuspendLayout()
        CType(Me.SplitContainer1, System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize).BeginInit()
        Me.SplitContainer1.Panel1.SuspendLayout()
        Me.SplitContainer1.Panel2.SuspendLayout()
        Me.SplitContainer1.SuspendLayout()
        Me.SuspendLayout()
        '
        'Panel1
        '
        Me.Panel1.Controls.Add(Me.BtnGenerate)
        Me.Panel1.Controls.Add(Me.BtnCheck)
        Me.Panel1.Controls.Add(Me.BtnAddFiles)
        Me.Panel1.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Top
        Me.Panel1.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(0, 0)
        Me.Panel1.Name = "Panel1"
        Me.Panel1.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(584, 30)
        Me.Panel1.TabIndex = 0
        '
        'BtnGenerate
        '
        Me.BtnGenerate.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Right
        Me.BtnGenerate.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(399, 0)
        Me.BtnGenerate.Name = "BtnGenerate"
        Me.BtnGenerate.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(110, 30)
        Me.BtnGenerate.TabIndex = 2
        Me.BtnGenerate.Text = "Generate MD5"
        Me.BtnGenerate.UseVisualStyleBackColor = True
        '
        'BtnCheck
        '
        Me.BtnCheck.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Right
        Me.BtnCheck.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(509, 0)
        Me.BtnCheck.Name = "BtnCheck"
        Me.BtnCheck.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(75, 30)
        Me.BtnCheck.TabIndex = 1
        Me.BtnCheck.Text = "Check MD5"
        Me.BtnCheck.UseVisualStyleBackColor = True
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text:
Ep105: Don Was, President of Blue Note Records 0
Don Was has had an amazing career, making hits as a musician / producer, winning Grammys and industry accolades, and now leading Blue Note Records, the most legendary record label in music history. Don talks about how he got the gig, the turnaround of Blue Note, the legacy of the label, the cool stuff in the vault, his strategy on vinyl reissues and the new Blue Note Review.
Ep104: Greg Hetson of Bad Religion, Circle Jerks & more 0
Greg Hetson has been front & center for punk rock history, forming Redd Kross, Circle Jerks and helping pull together an ailing Bad Religion and propel them into one of the most important bands of the 20th century. Today Greg shares all of the ups and downs and talks 'Pee-Chee folders' with The Vinyl Guide community.
Ep103: The Mystique of Betty Davis - w Oliver Wang 0
Betty Davis wrote 3 of the most influential albums of the 1970s and then disappeared. Today we learn about her life, music and records while attempting to glimpse into her decision to walk away from it all. Oliver Wang, music and cultural journalist, talks us through the life and mystique of Betty Davis.
Ep102: Joey Santiago of The Pixies 0
Joey Santiago may be the most important guitarist of his generation. His unique guitar work has contributed greatly not just to the sound of the Pixies, but his influence is the butterfly effect to popular music. Join us for the conversation with a very cool, humble dude who loves to listen to records.
Ep101: Darryl DMC McDaniels - Back From The Dead 0
Darryl DMC McDaniels is 1/3rd of the rap pioneering band RUN DMC and today he takes us through the early days, the bittersweet times and the pivot points of life that led him to global success with Raising Hell and inspire a generation of hip-hop artists. We also share the stories and a taste of his latest EP "Back From The Dead" which is available on Record Store Day Black Friday Nov 24.
Ep100: Henry Rollins - Record Collector 0
Henry Rollins has a brilliant and diverse career, including fronting Black Flag, Rollins Band, authoring books, hosting TV shows and touring the world, however today he joins us as a fellow record collector. Henry shares about his legendary vinyl record collection, his approach to title curation, his adventures around the world looking to fill those voids in his collection and more. It's a very special episode of The Vinyl Guide so pls enjoy and share!
Ep099: Charlie Benante of Anthrax 0
Anthrax is one of the "Big 4" metal bands, alongside Metallica, Slayer and Megadeth. Today Charlie Benante shares about the history of the band, the early days, the recordings and deep dives into songs like "Indians", "I'm the Man" and the remake of "Bring The Noise" with Public Enemy. Also discussed is the history of the SOD project and what's in store for Anthrax and Charlie's coffee empire.
Ep098: Why Vinyl Matters w Dr Jennifer Otter Bickerdike 0
Dr Jennifer Otter Bickerdike has authored many books and her latest, "Why Vinyl Matters", is a testament of passion and respect to the audio format we love and the people behind it. Today we have a colourful discussion on vinyl records and find we have much more than vinyl in common. Plus I did a mystery record swap with a listener, hear the results live on air!
Ep097: Paz Lenchantin of The Pixies 0
Paz Lenchantin grew up with classically trained parents and went on to play with some of the most influential bands of modern music, spending time with A Perfect Circle, the short-lived Billy Corgan project Zwan, The Entrance Band and finally becoming a full time member of The Pixies. Today Paz shares her journey on The Vinyl Guide.
Ep096: Elliot Easton of The Cars, The Empty Hearts & More 0
Elliot Easton's contribution to modern music cannot be overstated; As a member of The Cars, Elliot has composed some of the most amazing melodies and guitar solos in the history of rock music. Today he talks about his past with The Cars and his present and future with The Empty Hearts, a super-group with Elliot, members of Blondie, The Romantics & The Chesterfield Kings. Plus today we share two of Elliot's favourite tracks from their debut LP, turn it up and enjoy!
Ep095: My Crazy Life with DFL 0
DFL started as a fun side project with Monty Messex, Crazy Tom Davis, Mike D and Adam Horovitz (Ad-rock) of the Beastie Boys, and quickly flourished into one of the best hardcore punk bands of the 90s. Hear the full story today.
Ep091: Justin Pearson of Dead Cross and Three One G Records 1
Justin Pearson and Three One G Records have been releasing records from many pivotal hardcore bands for over two decades. Recently he formed Dead Cross alongside Mike Patton (ex Faith No More, Mr Bungle, Tomahawk), Mike Crain (Retox) and Dave Lombardo (Slayer, Suicidal Tendencies). Justin today talks about his record label, his love of vinyl and being on tour w Dead Cross.
Ep090: Shawn Franklin - Audio Restoration Engineer 0
Every musician has a box of tapes filled with demos, alternate versions and outtakes. Shawn Franklin has build an incredible reputation on mining those tapes for gold. Today he shares his story, is approach and his techniques on The Vinyl Guide.
Ep089: The Steve Albini Interview 0
With over 1000 recording credits to his name, including Nirvana, Pixies, Robert Plant & Jimmy Page, Mclusky, The Breeders, Helmet, etc, Steve Albini, recording engineer, producer, musician, songwriter, studio owner and record collector joins us to talk vinyl, finding punk rock, losing his hearing and much much more.
Ep088: Noel Monk - Runnin' With Van Halen 0
From 1978-1984, Van Halen were becoming the biggest band in the world before they hit a brick wall of drugs and ego. Noel Monk was manager of the band through those years and saw it all. Today he shares about his time with David Lee Roth, Michael Anthony and Eddie & Alex Van Halen and his new book "Runnin' With The Devil". Today he tells us more stories that didn't make the book so tune in and enjoy!
Ep087: Royal Potato Family Records' Kevin Calabro + 2 decker tracks 0
What's it like to run a record company in 2017? We talk to Kevin Calabro of Royal Potato Family Records to understand the current environment for getting their music heard and their artists paid. It's not easy but there are days that are extremely rewarding. Plus we hear 2 new songs by RPF artist "decker." from the upcoming LP "Into The Red".
Mike Dillon - Life is Not a Football - The Vinyl Artist Series 0
How many artists can claim being praised a "punk rock provocateur," "jazz vibraphone visionary" and "percussion virtuoso" in the same sentence? There's only one: Mike Dillon. Whether through his affiliation with artists like Les Claypool, Brave Combo and Ani DiFranco, collaborations such as Garage A Trois, The Dead Kenny Gs and Critters Buggin or bands he's fronted, including Billy Goat and Hairy Apes BMX, the Texas-native has set his own standard for 25 years now.
Vinyl record available for purchase at RoyalPotatoFamily.com
Evolfo - Last of The Acid Cowboys - The Vinyl Artist Series 0
Evolfo is the sound that breaks through the fuzz on the low end of your radio dial and echoes out the back door of a pink neon lit bar. Mainstays of New York City's clubs and DIY spaces, as well as the finest basement venues coast to coast, Evolfo has cut wide tracks through the U.S., gaining initiates and devotees every time they cram onto a stage and deliver their raucous live show. 'Last of the Acid Cowboys,' the band's debut LP, melts down decades worth of eclectic and bizarro records and puts on wax a house shaking mix of garage rock, psych soul, spiritual funk and ecstatic freakout.
Marco Benevento - The Story of Fred Short - The Vinyl Artist Series 0
Marco Benevento is used to doing a lot of things for himself: Since he launched his solo career six years ago, Benevento has co-founded the label that releases his music, The Royal Potato Family, and built the studio, Fred Short, where he works every day that he's not on the road. And in the past, of course, he's written, arranged and played his largely instrumental anthems, leading a band from behind his customized piano and a tiny armada of drum machines and sequencers, keyboards and pedals.
Ep086: Bernie Grundman & The Art of Record Mastering 0
Bernie Grundman is credited on over 3000 records including Carole King's "Tapestry", Michael Jackson's "Thriller", Prince's "Purple Rain" and the Blue Note vinyl reissues to name a few. Today Bernie will share his story and give us insight on what makes a good record sound good. He's an absolute master craftsman at the top of his field, let's listen and learn.
Seth Walker - Gotta Get Back - The Vinyl Artist Series 0
On his stellar new album, 'Gotta Get Back,' Seth Walker excavates the roots of his love affair with music, by reuniting the family that helped spark the fire in him all those years ago. Walker, who grew up on a multi-family commune in North Carolina, gathered his sister along with his parents, who had been divorced for 20 years, to record the album's beautiful, sweeping string parts, all of which were arranged by his father. Produced by The Wood Brothers' drummer/keyboardist Jano Rix and recorded primarily at Zac Brown's Southern Ground studio in Nashville, 'Gotta Get Back' is a crowning achievement in Walker's celebrated career.
Available for LP purchase at RoyalPotatoFamily.com


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text:
DAP Health Ends Season with Double Ribbon-Cutting
Some 200 invited Partners for Life members gather to celebrate the expansion made possible by the ongoing Vision Forward campaign
By Daniel Vaillancourt
DAP Health hosted a season-closing event at its Palm Springs campus on the evening of May 4. Invited guests included some 200 members of the popular Partners for Life donor program, who not only witnessed a double ribbon-cutting but saw with their own eyes the considerable progress that's been made in the organization's physical expansion over the last year through contributions to the ongoing Vision Forward capital campaign.
The affair — which featured cocktails and wine, plus a generous sampling of delicious hors d'oeuvres courtesy, as always, of Jerry Keller's Lulu Catering — began, appropriately, in the Barbara Keller LOVE Building, which houses mental health services, the dentistry department, and the social services wing. Jerry Keller's wife Barbara, who passed away in 2019, was a longtime supporter of DAP Health, and served as the president of its board of directors from 2009 to 2019.
Al Jones — whose major gift made the Marc Byrd Mental Health Clinic, named after his late husband, a reality — was the first donor to speak. His heartfelt address was followed by the official ribbon-cutting of that new facility.
"Lance and I were honored to participate in the new mental health clinic, as the need is so great for our community," added Scot Karp, speaking on behalf of himself and of his husband. Marc Byrd's reception area was named thanks to a gift from the pair's Karp Family Foundation.
Jones and the Karps were followed by Sue Burnside, the donor after whom DAP's group therapy quarters is named. "I'm so excited," said Burnside, who benefitted greatly from group therapy as a queer youth, "because I really think people's lives are going to be changed in this room."
Also on hand to speak about why they donated to name the social services wing were spouses Karla Kjellin-Elder and Jeff Elder, who impressed upon the assembled group that, since they recently relocated from Orange County to the desert, it was important for them to crystallize their commitment to their newly adopted community.
From there, attendees moved to the recently dedicated Annette Bloch CARE Building, currently home to the Blue, Green, and Yellow Clinics (all devoted to primary care), and soon to welcome the Orange Clinic (sexual health). Prior to the second ribbon-cutting (which marked the recent opening of the Blue and Green Clinics), Dante Noto — whose gift lent his name to the Blue Clinic Bullpen — spoke about his desire to pay tribute to the many doctors, nurses, and staff members who work in tandem every day to care for DAP's more than 10,000 patients.
Last to speak at the soirée was DAP Health CEO David Brinkman, who thanked the agency's many benefactors and community supporters for showing their support at special events held throughout the year — from the Desert AIDS Walk in the fall, to February's Annette Bloch CARE Building dedication, to DAP's biggest annual fundraiser, April's The Chase.
In addition to Burnside, the Elders, Jones, the Karps, and Noto, other major donors in attendance included Steve Tobin and Johnny Kruppa of the Grace Helen Spearman Foundation.
Prior to the season-ending get-together, we asked all those who participated in available naming opportunities related to the Vision Forward campaign to tell us, in their own words, why it was important for them to give to DAP Health in the ways they did. Their responses are as follows:
Sue Burnside
The Sue Burnside Group Room
Group therapy harnesses the collective energy of community, and the powerful — indeed, life-changing — knowledge that none of us is alone. There is transformative, healing magic in such knowledge… Bearing gentle witness to the challenges, heartbreaks, highs, and lows of others is therapeutic, both for the listener and for the listened-to. This simple beauty of connection and community — the single most significant healing force in the world — reminds us of our shared human condition and our responsibility to one another. I'm grateful to contribute to such beautiful efforts in this small way.
Dr. Jim Cox
The Yellow Clinic's Jack Pugh Charitable Trust Chiropractic Suite
It simply feels good to contribute to the well-being of others by giving to an institution that has wisely diversified in order to achieve longevity. As the population of the Coachella Valley continues to expand, there is — and will always be — a shortage of health care providers. We cannot afford to let one institution fail, particularly one that increasingly caters to a demographic being squeezed out by gentrification and rising inflation. Not to mention one that still prides itself on the care for those living with HIV/AIDS, an area where DAP not only has deep roots but, thankfully, the will to never give up.
Karla Kjellin-Elder & Jeff Elder
The Social Services Wing
We are part of this Coachella Valley community and, for us, being part of a community means we help each other. DAP has been making a difference in so many lives for years. We want to help them continue their work. Donating to the social services wing at DAP is our way of helping to make that difference.
Mike Feddersen & Tom McClay
The Blue Clinic Reception Area
Because it's extremely important to us that quality health care be made available to every person in the Coachella Valley, regardless of ability to pay, we very much wanted to support DAP's Vision Forward campaign. Blue being our favorite color, we are honored to have our names located on the Blue Clinic Reception Area. We congratulate DAP Health on its many worthwhile endeavors and are thankful to be part of its vision.
The Marc Byrd Mental Health Clinic
In August of 2018, my husband of 26 years, Marc Byrd, died. He'd been HIV positive yet undetectable for 30 years, thanks to his faithfully taking a daily regimen of 19 pills. But a few months prior to his passing — unbeknownst to me — Marc chose to cease medicating himself, the result of severe depression he was so successful at hiding that not even I could fathom the depths of his despair. His immune system plummeted, leading to his body's inability to fight off pneumonia. Had those of us who loved Marc been aware of his emotional state, we could have urged him to seek and receive the mental health support offered at DAP Health. His life might have been saved. I decided to make a contribution — an investment — in DAP in order to create the Marc Byrd Mental Health Clinic, which will help the organization provide a host of expanded services and treatments that will prevent others from succumbing to hopelessness.
Scot & Lance Karp
The Mental Health Services Reception Area
With so many of our fellow community members having been so adversely affected by the pandemic, we feel the need for mental health care, support, and services is greater than ever. We've always been impressed with the broad-based portfolio of healing DAP Health provides, and admire the awareness, expertise, and stability brought by the organization's long history with our community. We are not only honored to be able to support mental health wellness; we feel it's our obligation. Through our continued involvement, we sincerely hope many others may be inspired to contribute what they can.
Dante Noto
The Blue Clinic Clinical Bullpen
As a long-term HIV survivor, I was moved to make a legacy gift to DAP Health to honor friends, past and present, living and dying with HIV/AIDS. Members of the LGBT community have always stood together to save our own lives. DAP promises the same commitment to the entire desert community. My gift supports the Blue Clinic Clinical Bullpen to honor the tireless health care team at DAP.
Steve Tobin & Johnny Kruppa
The Orange Clinic Reception Area
Because DAP Health's mission is perfectly aligned with the Grace Helen Spearman Charitable Foundation's mission of helping to "improve the lives of the needy and less fortunate in our community," it was imperative that we contribute to DAP's Vision Forward campaign by naming The Orange Clinic Reception Area after Ms. Spearman in memory of her kind and loving vision.
For more information about DAP Health's Vision Forward campaign, please contact Director of Development James Lindquist at jlindquist@daphealth.org or 760.656.8413.


text:
The RSL was founded in 1916 to provide comradeship and support to Australia's veterans and their families.
That core mission has never changed but has continued to evolve to meet the needs of each generation of servicemen and women.
We have a branch network that covers Australia and any veteran who needs help will get it – every serving ADF member and veteran will be warmly welcomed at their local RSL.
We advocate for the best possible conditions for our serving men and women and for those who have served the nation in the past.
We foster respect and thanks from the nation for all those who have made sacrifices in Australia's name and we will provide a strong voice on issues of national unity and security.
In addition to this however, we are a community organisation and our community support is wide and varied including:
Local sporting groups and clubs
Educational institutions with grants and scholarships
Emergency services with equipment and funding
Kindred organisations such as Legacy
Other mainstream charities doing great work across Victoria.


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Tracking involves learning to cooperate with your dog to locate and find items in an open expanse. We aim to do tracking sessions for beginners and veterans alike on the occasional weekend, so keep an eye out for updates on Facebook if you're interested!


These Foot Implant Forceps provides surgeons with the ability to grasp and extricate any titanium extra-osseous stent. These forceps minimize tissue handling and can assist in the removal of other implanted materials such as k-wires, screws or pins. The handle is ergonomically shaped with a roughened exterior surface to enhance the extraction process.
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