Carole Scott qualified as a Solicitor in Scotland in 1994 and as a Solicitor in England in 2004. Carole has built up her experience working both in London and Essex and joined the firm in 2017. Carole specialises in all aspects of residential conveyancing including both leasehold and freehold sales and purchases, re-mortgages, transfers of equity and registration of unregistered land.
A great number of Carole's former clients have followed her due to her fast, efficient and friendly service.
Carole is also a past president of the Southend on Sea and District Law Society.
It's one thing having a Solicitor: and another having one that really has your interest at heart and so protects your interest.
You move like the wind and get things done.
Thank you for your relentless effort in getting it this far and for completing at a good time.
I will definitely recommend and use you again.
Thanks again Carole you've been great.
I am so grateful for all your support that you give us during the buying process. Thank you again and again!
Outside of work, Carole assists on a voluntary basis with the SOS Bus which provides a safe haven for vulnerable people of all ages. The project is the first point of contact for those whose well-being is threatened by – inability to get home, illness, minor injury, emotional distress or other vulnerability including alcohol and drug misuse. Carole is First Aid trained.
Carole also enjoys travelling and recently explored Northern and Southern India.


text:
Porro és un terme popular per a designar els cigarrets fets manualment amb marihuana o haixix. El nom té a veure amb el seu aspecte, que recorda aquesta hortalissa. El mateix nom, probablement d'origen català, es fa servir en altres idiomes, com el gallec.

Les denominacions més populars són "canut" o "canya" (a L'Alguer), "mai", "peta" o "petard", però rep moltes altres denominacions com ara "amanit", "bili", "canudes", "canyot", "cigarret del riure", "fari", "flai", "joint", "junt", "just", "llesca" o "llescot", "mei", "morgan", "pei", "piorru", o "vegetal".

Segons la mida i la forma, els porros reben un nom o altre, per exemple: "ela", "nyèbit", "biturb", "triturb", "fletxa", "ceba", "tres papers", "quatre papers", "divuit papers", "trompeta", "bob", "marley", "elote", "tronc", "petilla", "illa", "revòlver", "blunt"...

Tipus
En el cas de la marihuana, es pot fumar sola o mesclada amb tabac. L'haixix, que és resina concentrada de cannabis, cal mesclar-lo sempre amb tabac i/o marihuana. En aquest cas s'anomena "mexicà".

Els porros també es poden barrejar amb altres drogues, com la cocaïna. Aquests darrers s'anomenen "xinos", "nevadets", "enfarinats".

Referències

Vegeu també
 Botiga de cultiu
 Cannabis
 Tetrahidrocannabinol

Drogues
Cànem

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Former Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan and 1989's Pastiest Man Alive David Duke has found a new thing to like about Donald Trump. It seems that, in addition to carving out some space for white nationalists closer to mainstream American politics, the apricot demagogue is also helping to rehabilitate Adolf Hitler's image. That's right: Duke thinks Donald Trump is Hitler's best PR man.
"The truth is, by the way," Duke said on his radio show today, "They might be rehabilitating that fellow with the mustache back there in Germany. Because I saw a commercial against Donald Trump, a really vicious commercial, comparing what Donald Trump said about preserving America and making America great again to Hitler in Germany preserving Germany and making Germany great again and free again and not beholden to these Communists on one side, politically who were trying to destroy their land and their freedom, and the Jewish capitalists on the other, who were ripping off the nation through the banking system."
Essentially, Duke feels that any comparisons made between Trump and "the fellow with the mustache" during this campaign only serve to Make Hitler Great Again. Apparently, the brand that brought you Trump Steaks and Trump Vodka and Trump University is so strong and luxurious it could make a psychotic mass-murdering dictator look good.
Duke has repeatedly voiced his support for Trump—who does quite well among the white supremacist crowd—but has always stopped short of an official endorsement. Trump is not a bona fide white nationalist, you see. He just makes it easier to be one.
How Do You Get David Duke to Leave Your Party?


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text:
Tag: guide
in nintendo games
Do you remember the old games that were used to play? In 2003, Icelandic developer CCP Games unleashed Eve Online , an immersive and in-depth sci-fi experience" that would eventually garner the attention of well over 500,000 players. Four teams locked up automatic bids over the weekend, and the ACC is the first power conference tournament to kick off postseason play on Tuesday.
She also spent time that day play testing a game called Symposium, by Dan Cassar. Players in Duels can use pre-built decks or create their own, exactly like in the physical game (though deck construction rules are altered slightly). I can remember sitting around at my friends house and spending an innumerable amount of hours playing these games.
Describe the main characters, game play, goals, interactions, story, and key mappings, anything you can think of. Make sure you have enough detail so that someone can read through the notes and play through the game in their head with relative accuracy.
Join now and start playing the best casino games online in just moments. According to a court document, Donaghy and Concannon placed their first bet on a game Donaghy was refereeing in March 2003 – more than four years and four NBA seasons before he was caught.
How Does Online Gaming Work?
After a decade of dark, dirty warfare against hideous bug creatures in the Gears of War franchise, Epic Games decided to switch gears and do something fun, colorful, and family-friendly.
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Games At Miniclip.com
Online gaming provides spirited or supportive games on computer with various users, through Internet or a local area network. A decade later, in the break room of the hair salon he worked in, Martino told me how it had gone: Martino had already known that their mutual buddy Tim Donaghy had been betting on his own NBA games with Concannon, and winning those bets. Of course, being a Blizzard game, you'll need a account to enjoy it, but otherwise, both the campaign and the multiplayer are free to enjoy.
16, 2006, "raised concerns that Donaghy's calls and substantial errors might have been aimed at favoring Detroit (which covered the point spread)." In this game, the second after the marriage with Battista, Donaghy called five straight fouls on New Jersey in the fourth quarter when the spread was in doubt.
Subscribe to Kickstarter's Games newsletter, delivered twice a month. If you're ready to start playing right now, simply choose from the following categories: Action, Sports, Puzzle & Board, Shooting, Arcade & Classic, Strategy, Adventure, Life & Style, & NewsGames. It's a bit more slow-paced than your typical multiplayer fragfest, but if you give it time, you may just get addicted to this loot gathering hit – it's really the best free games for Diablo addicts.
Play hundreds of Xbox 360 …
At Wizards, everything starts with legendary stories, striking art, and innovative game play. After the scandal, Rush was among those NBA personnel tasked by Pedowitz with reviewing a set of Donaghy games for evidence of game-fixing. The older games were really played at a time in which the videogame technology was very new. Two other places to look for deals on gaming accessories like headsets, microphones and cameras are GameStop and Newegg.
You have to balance resource collection and troop production to take down either AI or other players. Trick-taking card game, a variant of Spades, with online multiplayer. Plus, League of Legends has one of the biggest eSports scenes ever, complete with its own tournaments and celebrity players.
Ever since the first pioneers of this business strategy got started, free has made certain games more money than they know what to do with. It'll be interesting to see if Brown rests either player or scales back their minutes as the postseason approaches. He then did the same set of calculations for the other two referees on the floor in each of Donaghy's games.
The spirit and adventure of the 2005 PS2 game remains the same – fight the gigantic stony colossi, ride your horse around a ruinous fantasy landscape, save the befallen maiden – but it looks a whole lot sleeker thanks to Bluepoint, the studio also responsible for the PS3 remaster, rebuilding the improved graphics from the ground up in ultra HD. Return players will be glad to hear the controls are less cumbersome; newcomers should revel in their fortune for not gaming harder sooner.
In 2003, Icelandic developer CCP Games unleashed Eve Online , an immersive and in-depth sci-fi experience" that would eventually garner the attention of well over 500,000 players.
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Hi! Games are more fun with the Google Play Games app. Start using a credit card with gaming-related rewards. If you prefer strategy challenges, try our rich collection of both classic and new games. The TRANSFORMERS Trading Card Game is a fast, action battling card game designed for two players.
Once we completed all of that, what we uncovered was that Donaghy's foul calls favored the team that received the heavier betting 70 percent of the time. Klik and Play and The Games Factory in particular are the programs to have a look at and download the free demos of.
This may be hard to believe, but the Sixers have just 15 regular season games left. Octopath Traveler is everything you would want in a 70-plus hour adventure and new NVIDIA cards be damned, it's one of the best-looking games of this decade. Chances are, most of that time was spent playing web games. Released in 2013, the Sony PlayStation 4 offers the entire family an immersive gaming experience.
Games are an …
Guide For Selecting An Arcade Video Classics Multi Game Multicade
in free online games to play
I've always loved video games, ever since I first played them on a friend's computer in the afternoon after elementary school. While the basic rules in Duels are identical to the physical card game, the total set of cards is limited. Not only does practicing your skills for creating games take a long while, working in designing the games also takes up a lot of time. Amazon, the PlayStation Store and Steam are examples of retailers that frequently offer video game coupons.
That puts a tremendous amount of pressure on Brown, who embraces the expectations and has his players ready. If history is any indication, Wild Card winners are never to be underestimated. You can download the game for free or run it in your browser using Java, making it much more convenient than most other online role-players of this epic scale.
The Break My Game" crew, with 20 or so players, was in the back corner as usual, digging into half-baked games over pancakes and avocado toast. Xbox One is simply the best gaming console we've ever made and here are the games to prove it. Apple, The New York Times, USA Today, Parents Magazine and Scholastic, to name just a few, have featured ABCya's popular educational games.
Ghost Town Games' Overcooked 2 is a damn good time as a proper sequel that spoon-feeds you another helping of what it's really like to deal with too many cooks. Whether you're a first time player or a 20-year vet, Duels will let you do everything the card game does and more.
Baseball Heads To Villanova To Play Two Midweek Road Games
But we also found that in 10 games during that 40-game span, one team was defeating the other team to such a degree that the spread was rarely in doubt.
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Historical Games & War Games
Some people love using laptops but also like playing games. With Purdue already playing in Des Moines, Tulsa and Salt Lake City are the other sites where Maryland would not face a Big Ten team in the second round. Receive comprehensive coverage of your teams and stream the Flyers, Sixers and Phillies games easily on your device.
In doing so, you'll spend most of your time engaging in combat with other players online. This top-down arena battler is incredibly active, attracting multi-million dollar prize funds for serious tournament players. For 11 years, the official plotline has been that Donaghy was a rogue, gambling-addicted ref who made some bets on his own games – and nothing more.
All Games Puzzles, Games & Quizzes
This may be hard to believe, but the Sixers have just 15 regular season games left. Play hundreds of Xbox 360 games and classic Original Xbox titles on Xbox One. Battista would spend the day betting heavily on Donaghy's selection. However, the two games differ drastically due to its more …
in brain development games
Hi! However, the 4 games can still be played with the joystick. The FBI had discovered that Donaghy had wagered on as many as 40 of his own games with Concannon during each of the three seasons between 2004 and 2006. Win or lose I always have fun playing historical war games.
There is no downtime, nor does game length increase much with player count. But since you also earn that currency by playing the game anyway, Magic Duels is a really great offer. Before the advent of Dark Seas, you could only get the multiplayer portion of Puzzle Pirates on Steam.
Octopath Traveler is everything you would want in a 70-plus hour adventure and new NVIDIA cards be damned, it's one of the best-looking games of this decade. Chances are, most of that time was spent playing web games. Released in 2013, the Sony PlayStation 4 offers the entire family an immersive gaming experience.
Set at the turn of the 10th Century, Total War Battles: Kingdom combines army management with kingdom building to deliver a bite-sized RTS game you can pick up and play anywhere, anytime. Then there's the famously toxic community , which tends to shred other players with insults.
The goal is to join a crew and ideally become a captain, by completing puzzles alongside other players. Beginner, and experienced golfers compete mano-a-mano on a level playing field.
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Do you remember the old games that were used to play? Word-game fans will enjoy fun, challenging games that let you form or find words, like Outspell, Word Wipe, Wander Words, Drag'n Spell, Spliterature, Word Candy and more. Game functions with minor graphical or audio glitches and is playable from start to finish.
Several of the classic Williams games (Joust, Defender, Stargate) are available in one dedicated cabinet. Ultracade is another multi-game platform featuring multiple classic arcade games emulated on PC hardware running proprietary operating system and emulation code.
I've always loved video games, ever since I first played them on a friend's computer in the afternoon after elementary school. Unlike traditional games, there was no installing, no messing with hardware — all you needed was an internet connection, a working web browser and you could be playing your favorite time wasters in seconds (okay, maybe minutes.) To have access of this vast trove of interactive entertainment, well, it's maybe the most enduring slice of the internet's middle-age.
The gameplay largely revolves around two teams of five players who are both trying to defeat both each other and a mystical leviathan known as a guardian. Their opponent, the Mississauga Rebels, finished their regular season with 19 wins to the Wolves 20. The Rebels put up a fight against the Toronto Red Wings in the first round of the Scotiabank GTHL Playoffs, …

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
EnerGuide in Canada
EnerGuide Rating System version 15
Why is the EnerGuide Rating System being updated?
Natural Resources Canada is in the process of updating the EnerGuide Rating System for homes in order to provide homeowners with increased access to customized information about the energy performance of their homes. This information can help with decision making when purchasing, operating or renovating a home.
The updates are being made to ensure our home energy performance rating tool reflects energy efficiency construction and renovation practices. More than 300 key industry stakeholders were consulted as part of the update process, which was then open to a nationwide public review period.
During the consultation process, stakeholders from across Canada made it clear that the EnerGuide Rating System is being called upon to meet more needs and be more robust than ever before. For example, the rating system is now being used to support:
Development and implementation of regulations;
Design and implementation of utility, government and industry programs;
Design and evaluation of high performance and net zero energy homes.
What were some of the key updates to the EnerGuide Rating System?
Some of the main updates include:
Introduction of a new, consumption-based rating scale using gigajoules per year (GJ/year);
Redesigned informative house label;
New rating details report for homeowners;
New renovation recommendations report for homeowners;
Changes to elements included in the rating;
For the professionals who deliver the rating system: updated energy modelling software, house evaluation procedures and quality assurance procedures; and
Updated delivery network testing, licensing and registration.
What are the differences between the old and new EnerGuide labels?
Shown are two EnerGuide labels, the old on the left and the new on the right.
Old Label
The old label displays an EnerGuide Rating with a 0-100 scale that indicates least efficient to most efficient. It also includes the address, the date of the energy report, the file number, the name of the energy advisor and the service organization.
The new label displays a home's energy through a "rating" (a rating of the homes's energy consumption will be provided in gigajoules). Homeowners should:
Aim towards "zero" (the lower the number on the new EnerGuide scale, the better the energy performance of a home);
Understand "energy" usage (the label breaks down energy consumed by source);
Compare a home's "performance" (the label shows how a homes' performance compares to a benchmark home);
Find out where the most energy "consumed" (the label shows proportion of energy consumed by heating, cooling, ventilation, etc);
View the impact on the "environment" (the label shows a home's Greenhouse Gas Emissions).
Learn how Natural Resources Canada's EnerGuide makes homes more energy-efficient, more valuable, and more comfortable at www.nrcan.gc.ca/homes
In our ongoing efforts to build on the strengths of the EnerGuide label, Natural Resources Canada updated the EnerGuide Rating System and the EnerGuide home label to provide more information to homeowners. The EnerGuide rating demonstrates the energy performance of a home, rather than an indicator of energy efficiency.
The updated EnerGuide label has brought many improvements including:
New EnerGuide rating scale gives you a consumption-based rating measured in gigajoules per year (GJ/year). The annual gigajoules per year rating allows you to see your score using units of energy similar to how you would see a consumption rating of kilowatt hours per year for home appliances, miles per gallon for vehicles, or calories per serving for food.
Your home's EnerGuide rating calculation helps you understand your energy sources and the math that produced your home's rating. The more intuitive rating scale makes it easier to understand the lower the number, the better energy performance of the home.
Unique and innovative label design is an energy performance snapshot of the more detailed information that you will find in the new Homeowner Information Sheet and allows you to see at a glance the largest energy uses in your home.
Your reference house, uniquely created for every home that's rated, allows you to compare your rating to the rating your house would achieve if it were built to meet typical new home energy performance construction requirements.
For how long will the old EnerGuide label still be issued?
Most jurisdictions and EnerGuide partners have now transitioned to the GJ rating scale. As a result of this success, and in order to ensure a consistent, national home energy rating system, NRCan will retire the 0-100 rating system December 31st 2018. As of January 1st 2019*, all new EnerGuide Rating System evaluations must take place under the GJ system.
*A few limited exceptions may apply for those partner programs with a pre-established end date.
If I have an existing EnerGuide label, can I update it to the new label?
Ratings based on the 0-100 scale cannot be converted to the new gigajoules per year rating. This is because the updated EnerGuide rating includes types of energy uses and some new calculations that were not previously included. However, the recommendations you received under your existing label are still valid.
To obtain an updated EnerGuide rating and label, along with Homeowner Information Sheet, homeowners need to have a new EnerGuide home evaluation performed on their home, using the updated version of the rating system.
I just purchased a home that had an EnerGuide evaluation, can I get a copy of the EnerGuide rating and report?
The homeowner who purchased the EnerGuide rating services is the owner of the EnerGuide reports for the home and NRCan is bound by privacy laws to only share reports with the party that purchased them. However, homeowners are encouraged to share the reports with prospective homebuyers as part of the property selling transaction.


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what to do with old wedding dresses
Old wedding dresses are no longer being used every day.
We're talking about wedding dresses in general. The term "wedding dress" doesn't really work, because old wedding dresses are just clothes and most people no longer wear them, and the term "wedding dress" is used to describe a different, more technical type of dress. But wedding dresses are an important part of the wedding. Many of the dresses that are used today for the wedding ceremony are actually from the 1890's, which is a relatively new historical period.
I think the phrase wedding dress is more commonly associated with bridal gowns, but that is also a relatively new historical period. The term wedding dress is more commonly associated with the 18th and 19th centuries, but that is also a relatively new historical period.
Like a lot of things in life, weddings have changed over the past century. Many of the gowns used to be black satin, which was probably the oldest type of wedding dress. These days, the dresses are mostly made of polyester, which is a new historical period.
Wedding dress styles have changed over the past century, but there are some trends to look for. One is to avoid black satin with the satin trim showing through. There have been several major changes in this area in the last century. Black satin, while still the most popular, is gradually being phased out in favor of more opaque satin, which is a bit more subtle. One other trend is to avoid white satin gowns.
The reason for these changes is the new and modern fashion of dressing for a modern bride. To be fair, the custom of dressing for a modern bride has changed for the worse over the last century. The first time the modern bride was dressed for her wedding was in the 1800s, and her dress had a very old look. The dresses came in white, with lace trim, and were quite plain.
In the early 1900s, all the gowns were white, with lace trim, and were quite plain. The modern dress for a modern bride is a mid-calf length black satin dress with a lace edge, and a matching black cap. These dresses are far more subtle and more modest than any of the gowns worn in the 1800s.
I think we've seen this phenomenon before, in other people's stories. I think the most famous example is the '70s TV show "The Beverly Hillbillies" which had a lot of its best episodes that were full of brides wearing "pretty dress" with lace on their collarbones, and lots of lace and ruffles in their dresses.
There are a lot of things that people can wear that are going to work, some are going to be tacky, and some are going to be something that is not going to work. But if you want to take something that has a lot of tradition and add an element of fun, go for it.
I think the most famous example of this is probably the wedding dress worn by the bride in the very first episode of the show. It was a simple white lace and ruffled dress that was really pretty and simple. It was a total throwback to the 1950s.


text:
Canada Pension Plan
Find sources: "Canada Pension Plan" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Canada Pension Plan (CPP; French: Régime de pensions du Canada) is a contributory, earnings-related social insurance program. It forms one of the two major components of Canada's public retirement income system, the other component being Old Age Security (OAS). Other parts of Canada's retirement system are private pensions, either employer-sponsored or from tax-deferred individual savings (known in Canada as a Registered Retirement Savings Plan).[1] As of September 2017, the CPP Investment Board manages over C$328.2 billion in investment assets for the Canada Pension Plan on behalf of 20 million Canadians.[2] CPPIB is one of the world's biggest pension funds.[3]
3 CPP Benefits
4 Contribution Rates
4.1 1966 to 1996
4.2 1996 reforms
5.2 Assets
5.3 Unfunded liability
5.4 Fluctuations in the projected CPP contributions
5.5 Fluctuations in the projected return on investments
6 CPP Investment Board
7 Quebec Pension Plan (QPP)
7.1 Increase in Contribution Rate
The CPP mandates all employed Canadians who are 18 years of age and over to contribute a prescribed portion of their earnings income to a federally administered pension plan. The plan is administered by Employment and Social Development Canada on behalf of employees in all provinces and territories except Quebec, which operates an equivalent plan, the Quebec Pension Plan. Because the Constitutional authority for pensions is shared between the provincial and federal governments, stewardship for the CPP is jointly shared. As a result, major changes to the CPP, including those that alter how benefits are calculated, require the approval of at least seven Canadian provinces representing at least two-thirds of the country's population.[4]
Provinces may choose to opt out of the Canada Pension Plan (as Quebec did in 1965), but must offer a comparable plan to its residents. In addition, under section 94A of the Canadian Constitution, pensions are a provincial responsibility, so any province may establish an additional/supplementary plan anytime.
The Liberal government of Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson in 1965 first established the Canadian Pension Plan.
CPP Benefits[edit]
The primary CPP benefit is the monthly retirement pension. Currently, this is equal to 25% of the average earnings on which CPP contributions were made over the entire working life of a contributor from age 18 to 65 in constant dollars. The earnings upon which contributions are made are subject to an annual limit, which, in 2018, is $55,900.[5] However, under changes being phased in by 2025, the pension benefit will rise to 33.33% of earnings on which contributions were made, and the maximum amount of income covered by the CPP will rise by 14 percent from the projected 2025 limit of $69,700 to $79,400.[6]
The CPP enhancement will serve as a top-up to the existing, or base, CPP. For individuals who work and make contributions in 2019 or later, enhanced components of benefits will be calculated and added to the base portion of the benefit. These calculations are similar, but follow different formulae.
When calculating the base portion of the CPP, there is a general drop out provision[7] that enables the lower-earnings years in a contributor's contributory period to be dropped from the calculation of the average. Since 2014, the lowest 17% of earnings are dropped in this way, accounting for up to eight years of contributory earnings.
Benefits under the CPP enhancement will be calculated based on a forty-year period, taking the best 40 years to calculate the benefit. This calculation effectively allows seven years to be dropped out of the benefit calculation (for an individual who begins contributing at age 18 and ends at age 65).
In October 2018, average monthly benefits for new retirement pension (taken at age 65) was just over $664.00 per month and the maximum amount in 2019 was $1,154.58 per month. Monthly benefits are adjusted every year based on the Consumer Price Index. CPP benefit payments are taxable as ordinary income.
The standard age to receive the retirement pension is age 65, however, individuals may begin collecting a permanently reduced pension as early as 60, or defer until age 70 to increase the monthly payment. For those who take the pension early (the majority), the reduction factor is 0.6% for each month you receive it before age 65 (to a maximum reduction of 36% at age 60). For those who defer, the adjustment rate is 0.7% for each month that one delays in receiving it up to a maximum increase of 42% at age 70. There is no financial benefit to delaying beyond age 70.[8]
The CPP also provides disability pensions to eligible workers under the age of 65 who become disabled in a severe and prolonged fashion, and a monthly survivor's pension to the spouse or common-law partners of contributors who die (having made sufficient contributions).
An application must be filed at least six months in advance in order to receive CPP benefits. If an application for disability pension is denied, an appeal can be made for reconsideration, and then to the Canada Pension Plan / Old Age Security Review Tribunals or Pension Appeals Boards (POA). All CPP benefits in pay are indexed annually to the Consumer Price Index.
Contribution Rates[edit]
1966 to 1996[edit]
From 1966 to 1996, the contribution rate was 3.6%. The rate was 1.8% for employees (and a like amount for their employers) and 3.6% in respect of self-employed earnings. By 1997, this had reached combined rates of 6% of pensionable earnings.
1996 reforms[edit]
By the mid-1990s, the 3.6% contribution rate was not sufficient to keep up with Canada's aging population.[9] and it was concluded that the "pay-as-you-go" structure would lead to excessively high contribution rates within 20 years or so, due to Canada's changing demographics, increased life expectancy of Canadians, a changing economy, benefit improvements, and increased usage of disability benefits (all as referenced in the Chief Actuary's study of April 2007, noted above). The same study reports that the reserve fund was expected to run out by 2015. This impending pension crisis sparked an extensive review by the federal and provincial governments in 1996. As a part of the major review process, the federal government actively conducted consultations with the Canadian public to solicit suggestions, recommendations, and proposals on how the CPP could be restructured to achieve sustainability once again. As a direct result of this public consultation process and internal review of the CPP, the following key changes were proposed and jointly approved by the Federal and provincial governments in 1997:
Increase total CPP annual contribution rates (employer/employee combined) from 6% of pensionable earnings in 1997 to 9.9% by 2003.
Continuously seek out ways to reduce CPP administration and operating costs.
Move towards a hybrid structure to take advantage of investment earnings on accumulated assets. Instead of a "pay-as-you-go" structure, the CPP is expected to be 20% funded by 2014, such funding ratio to constantly increase thereafter towards 30% by 2075 (that is, the CPP Reserve Fund will equal 30% of the "liabilities" - or accrued pension obligations).
Create the CPP Investment Board (CPPIB).
Review the CPP and CPPIB every 3 years.
Currently, the prescribed employee contribution rate was 4.95% of a salaried worker's gross employment income between $3,500 and $51,100, up to a maximum contribution of $2,356.20. The employer matches the employee contribution, effectively doubling the contributions of the employee. Self-employed workers must pay both halves of the contribution, or 9.9% of pensionable income, when filing their income tax return. These rates have been in effect since 2003.
The Trudeau Government and its provincial counterparts moved to enhance the Canada Pension Plan to provide working Canadians with more income in retirement.[10] These changes were principally motivated by the declining share of the workforce that was covered by an employer defined-benefit pension plan, which had fallen from 48% of men in 1971 to 25% by 2011.[10] They were given additional impetus by moves on the part of the government of Ontario to launch the Ontario Retirement Pension Plan, a supplementary provincial pension plan intended to begin in 2018.[10]
Unlike the existing, or base, CPP, the enhancement to the Canada Pension Plan will be fully funded, meaning that benefits under the enhancement will slowly accrue each year as individuals work and make contributions. Additionally, the enhancement of the Canada Pension Plan will be phased-in over a period of seven years, starting in 2019. When fully mature, the enhanced CPP will provide a replacement rate of one third (33.33%) of covered earnings, up from the quarter (25%) provided prior to the enhancement. Additionally, the maximum amount of income covered by the CPP will increase by 14% by 2025 (projected by the Chief Actuary of Canada to be $79,400 in 2025, compared to the projected normal limit of $69,700 in the same year in the 28th Actuarial Report on the CPP[6]). The combination of the increased replacement rate and increased earnings limit will result in individuals receiving retirement pensions 33% to 50% higher, depending on their earnings across their working years. (The maximum retirement pension will increase by 50%, but will require 40 years of contributions on earnings at the new maximum). Workers earning the current maximum covered wage of $54,900 a year would receive an additional $4,390 annually (approximately $365.83 monthly).[10]
To finance the expanded pensions and maintain the soundness of the plan, contributions to the CPP from workers and their employers will each rise 1% from current levels, to 5.95% over the existing band of covered earnings. This increase will be phased in over 5 years, starting in 2019. The increase to the earnings threshold will be phased in over 2 years, starting in 2024. Workers and their employers will contribute 4% on earnings in this range (which is to say earnings above the normal earnings limit and below the new increased one). To ease the impact of the increased contribution on near-term disposable income, worker contributions will become tax-deductible.[10]
Funding[edit]
The base CPP is funded on a "steady-state" basis, with its current contribution rate set so that it will remain constant for the next 75 years, by accumulating a reserve fund sufficient to stabilize the asset/expenditure and funding ratios over time. Such a system is a hybrid between a fully funded one and a "pay-as-you-go" plan. In other words, assets held in the CPP fund are by themselves insufficient to pay for all future benefits accrued to date but sufficient to prevent contributions from rising any further. While a sustainable path for this particular plan, given the indefinite existence of a government, it is not typical of other public or private sector pension plans. A study published in April 2007 by the CPP's chief actuary showed that this type of funding method is "robust and appropriate" given reasonable assumptions about future conditions.[11]
The enhancement to the CPP will be fully funded, such that each generation will contribute and pay for the benefits they receive. Contributions made to the enhancement will be directed into a separate account.
The chief actuary submits a report to Parliament every three years on the financial status of the plan. Future reports will report on both the base and enhanced components of the Plan.
Assets[edit]
As noted in the 27th Actuarial Report on the Canada Pension Plan, if one uses the 'closed group approach', the Canada Pension Plan has an enormous unfunded liability. As at December 31, 2015, the unfunded liability was $884 billion, which is the difference between CPP's liabilities of $1.169 trillion and the CPP's assets of $285 billion.[12]
Unfunded liability[edit]
The unfunded liability is increasing at a rate of about $25 billion per year. The unfunded liabilities reported in the last few Actuarial Reports are:
Actuarial Report
Unfunded Liability
1997 17th $428 billion
2000 18th $443 billion[13]
2003 21st $516 billion
2006 23rd $620 billion
Using the 'open group approach' ("one that includes all current and future participants of a plan, where the plan is considered to be ongoing into the future, that is, over an extended time horizon") the plan is reported to have assets in excess of $2.5 trillion.[16] This approach uses a different definition of the term "assets". "Assets" are the sum of: (i) the CPP's current assets and (ii) the present value of future contributions for the next 150 years, totalling $2.544 trillion.[16]
Unlike most pension plans, the unfunded liability is not reported on the balance sheet of the Canada Pension Plan's financial statements.[17] Consequently, the balance sheet reports that the CPP's assets exceed its liabilities by $269 billion as at March 31, 2015.
Fluctuations in the projected CPP contributions[edit]
The projections in the actuarial reports fluctuate over time. For example, as at Dec 31, 1997 the projected contributions for the year 2040 were $170 billion.[18] However, in the Dec 31, 2015 actuarial report the projected contributions for the year 2040 were only $117 billion.[19]
The projected CPP contributions for 2040 were:
per 1997 Actuarial Report - $170 billion [18]
per 2003 Actuarial Report - $136 billion
Similar reductions were reported for all other forecast years.
Fluctuations in the projected return on investments[edit]
The projected return on investment on CPP assets has decreased over time. The projected long-term returns were:
per 2000 Actuarial Report - 7.15% [24]
CPP Investment Board[edit]
Main article: CPP Investment Board
Under the direction of then Finance Minister Paul Martin, the CPP Investment Board (CPPIB) was created in 1997 as an organization independent of the government to monitor and invest the funds held by the CPP. In turn, the CPP Investment Board created the CPP Reserve Fund. The CPP Investment Board is a crown corporation created by an Act of Parliament. It reports quarterly on its performance, has a professional management team to oversee the operation of various aspects of the CPP reserve fund and also to plan changes in direction, and a board of directors that is accountable to but independent from the federal government. The board reports annually to Parliament through the federal Minister of Finance.[29]
Quebec Pension Plan (QPP)[edit]
Quebec is the only province in Canada that opted out of the CPP. The Quebec Pension Plan, or QPP, (French: Régie des rentes du Québec; RRQ) is the province of Quebec's own version of the Canada Pension Plan and is managed by the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec. Almost mirroring the CPP exactly, the QPP is a contributory earnings-related pension plan that pays benefits in the event of the earner becoming disabled, retiring, or dying. Both Quebec and the federal government tax benefits paid from the QPP.
Increase in Contribution Rate[edit]
The contribution rate was 9.9% prior to 2012. In accordance with the 2011-12 Budget of the Government of Quebec, the contribution rates were increased by 0.15% per year for six years from 2012 to 2017. Consequently, the contribution rate increased to 10.8% for 2017 and subsequent years.[30][31][32]
Fiscal imbalance in Australia
Pensions in Canada
^ "Canada's Retirement Income System". Archived from the original on 2009-06-09.
^ "CPP Fund Totals $328.2 Billion at Second Quarter Fiscal 2018". businessinsider.com. November 10, 2017. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
^ Thompson, Jennifer (May 18, 2017). "Canada Pension Plan triples returns on global markets rally". ft.com.
^ Finance, Government of Canada, Department of. "Backgrounder: Canada Pension Plan (CPP) Enhancement". www.fin.gc.ca. Retrieved 2017-12-19.
^ Service Canada. Canada Pension Plan Retirement Pension (booklet - March 2014), ISPB-147-03-14E.
^ a b "Actuarial Report on the Canada Pension Plan". Osfi-bsif.gc.ca. p. 28. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
^ Please select all that apply:. "Canada Pension Plan - Eligibility - Canada.ca". Servicecanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 2019-01-18.
^ Service Canada. Canada Pension Plan Retirement Pension (booklet - March 2014), ISPB-147-03-14E
^ "18th Actuarial Report on the CPP" (PDF). Osfi-bsif.gc.ca. p. 51. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
^ a b c d e McFarland, Janet; McGugan, Ian (5 January 2017). "A new premium on retirement". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
^ "Optimal Funding of the Canada Pension Plan: Actuarial Study" (PDF). Osfi-bsif.gc.ca. Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions Canada. p. 7. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
^ a b "27th Actuarial Report on the Canada Pension Plan" (PDF). Osfi-bsif.gc.ca. p. 48 (bottom footnote). Retrieved 18 January 2019.
^ Page 113 of the 18th Actuarial Report on the Canada Pension Plan http://www.osfi-bsif.gc.ca/Eng/Docs/CPP1801.pdf
^ Page 73 of the 26th Actuarial Report on the Canada Pension Plan http://osfi-bsif.gc.ca/eng/docs/cpp25.pdf
^ Page 48 (bottom footnote) of the 26th Actuarial Report on the Canada Pension Plan http://www.osfi-bsif.gc.ca/Eng/Docs/cpp26.pdf
^ a b Page 48 of the 27th Actuarial Report on the Canada Pension Plan http://www.osfi-bsif.gc.ca/Eng/Docs/cpp27.pdf
^ Page 6.61 of volume 1 of the 2015 Public Accounts of the Government of Canada - http://www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/recgen/cpc-pac/2015/pdf/2015-vol1-eng.pdf
^ a b "Actuarial Report" (PDF). Osfi-bsif.gc.ca. p. 13. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
^ a b c "27th Actuarial Report on the Canada Pension Plan" (PDF). Government of Canada. p. 31. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
^ See page 35 http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2012/bsif-osfi/IN3-16-1-2000-eng.pdf
^ See page 23 http://www.osfi-bsif.gc.ca/eng/docs/cpp23.pdf
^ See page 26 http://osfi-bsif.gc.ca/eng/docs/cpp25.pdf
^ "18th Actuarial Report on the Canada Pension Plan" (PDF). Government of Canada. p. 35. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
^ "21st Actuarial Report on the Canada Pension Plan" (PDF). Government of Canada. p. 32. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
^ "Canada Pension Plan mulls Yahoo buy, report says - Business - CBC News". Cbc.ca. 2011-10-20. Retrieved 2014-06-04.
^ See page 16 - "Meeting the Expectations of Quebers of Every Generation" http://www.budget.finances.gouv.qc.ca/budget/2011-2012/en/documents/retirement.pdf
^ Government of Quebec http://www.rrq.gouv.qc.ca/en/employeur/role_rrq/Pages/cotisations.aspx
^ "The Québec Pension Plan". Province of Quebec. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
Canada Pension Plan Act
CPP and payroll calculations
CPP Investment Board website
CPP website
21st Actuarial Report (as at December 31, 2003)
23rd Actuarial Report (as at December 31, 2006)
25th Actuarial Report (as at December 31, 2009)
The Régie des rentes website
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canada_Pension_Plan&oldid=896525313"
Retirement in Canada
1966 establishments in Canada
Public pension funds in Canada
Social security in Canada
Articles containing French-language text


text:
essafarah 11 months ago
Ernesto Valverde: 'All away games are difficult'
The Blaugrana coach, at the press conference prior to the League match against Valladolid, highlighted the importance of clashes away from the Camp Nou and analysed the dangers from Barça's next opponents
Facing the press before the game against Valladolid, Ernesto Valverde immediately acknowledged the difficulties that away games present. "Outside of the Camp Nou, it's always more difficult because of the rival's enthusiasm," he said. As explained by the coach, the whole of Pucela will also be spurred on by Valladolid's promotion to the First Division: "It's possible that both teams will be equal because there is still the enthusiasm and the joy of the last promotion."
A defensive team, Valverde defined the characteristics of Barça's next League opponents. "Valladolid were great defensively against Girona and earned a draw. Their play was orderly and the lines were close together."
Sergi Roberto, Arthur, Arturo Vidal…
There were many questions in relation to some members of the Barça squad, and the coach had positive words for all of them. "Sergi Roberto played 90 minutes in the position he normally plays," he said, whilst describing Arthur's game; "He manages possession well and has a good shot from outside the area. He reminds us of Xavi." Asked how Arturo Vidal would be integrated, Valverde said simply: "He is an aggressive player both in defence and in attack and will easily get into scoring positions."
Soccerarturo vidalvalverdefc barcelonamessifootball


J. J. Bull, K. A. Christensen, C. Scott, B. R. Jack, C. J. Crandall, S. M. Krone (2018). Phage-bacterial dynamics with spatial structure: self organization around phage sinks can promote increased cell densities. Antibiotics 7(1):8.
D. K. Sydykova, B. R. Jack, S. J. Spielman, C. O. Wilke (2017). Measuring evolutionary rates of proteins in a structural context [version 1; referees: 4 approved]. F1000Research 2017, 6:1845.
B. R. Jack, D. R. Boutz, M. L. Paff, B. L. Smith, J. J. Bull, C. O. Wilke (2017). Reduced protein expression in a virus attenuated by codon deoptimization. G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics 7:2957-2968.
B. R. Jack, A. G. Meyer, J. Echave, C. O. Wilke (2016). Functional sites induce long-range evolutionary constraints in enzymes. PLOS Biology 14(5): e1002452.
E. L. Jackson, A. Shahmoradi, S. J. Spielman, B. R. Jack, and C. O. Wilke (2016). Intermediate divergence levels maximize the strength of structure–sequence correlations in enzymes and viral proteins. Protein Science 25: 1341–1353.
B. R. Jack, S. P. Leonard, D. M. Mishler, B. A. Renda, D. Leon, G. A. Suárez, and J. E. Barrick (2015). Predicting the genetic stability of engineered DNA sequences with the EFM Calculator. ACS Synthetic Biology 4(8):939–943.
Tuning translation to create evolutionarily stable viruses. BEACON Congress 2016, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
Functional sites induce long-range evolutionary constraints in enzymes. SMBE 2016, Gold Coast, Australia. Walter M. Fitch Award finalist.
Evolutionary constraints in enzymes. Mechanisms of Protein Evolution III 2015: Origins, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO. Received Haldane Graduate Speaker Award for best talk given by a graduate student.
Active sites and enzyme evolution. BEACON Congress 2015, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
Matched potential donors and recipients for bone marrow transplants and platelet transfusions. This included collecting and processing data from the Luminex xMap platform to determine donor and recipient genotypes. I also analyzed genomic sequences from immune cells to monitor the ongoing success or failure of a bone marrow transplant.


Alsynite commercial grade polyester roofing 2nds – opaque. This is probably the cheapest polyester roofing in New Zealand!
Pack lots only $5.00 and $6.00 a metre (inc gst).
There is a range of profiles and lengths, call the team and discuss your requirements today.


text:
Osun, ANDP to build 5,000 housing units
Osun State Governor, Mr. Rauf Aregbesola
The Osun State Government in collaboration with the African Nations Development Programme has concluded arrangements to build 5,000 housing units of two-bedroomed bungalows in five major towns in the state to support the efforts of the present administration of President Muhammadu Buhari.
This is contained in a statement made available to our correspondent in Osogbo on Friday by the media officer of the Osun State Ministry of Lands and Physical Planning, Olusola Adepoju.
Governor Rauf Aregbesola was quoted to have said this during the visit of the representatives of the ANDP to him in Osogbo .
The governor, who was represented by the Commissioner for Lands and Physical Planning, Mr. Akintunde Akinajo, said that about 400 hectares of land had been provided for the housing project and other infrastructures in the five towns.
He said the housing units would be built in Ede, Iwo, Ikirun, Ilesa and Ila-Orangun, stressing that the state government had held series of meetings with traditional rulers and other relevant groups in the five towns in a bid to carry all stakeholders along in the project.
He noted that all the required documentations had been communicated to the ANDP on the selected sites.
While appreciating the ANDP for choosing Osun for the development project, the governor assured the group of his total support.
He said the current administration in the state had invested so much in the development of infrastructure and others, saying this had created a framework upon which development could be built.
The Country Director of the ANDP, Mr. Eze Ifeanyichukwu, stated that the housing projects of 5,000 housing units of two-bedroomed bungalows would have facilities such as hospitals, schools , police stations and markets.
According to him, the project was conceived to assist the low-income earners to have homes of their own.
He added that the project would commence after the groundbreaking ceremony.
Aregbesola housing Osun Government


text:
Downward Revision of the Rating Forecast Does not Entail Any Risks to the Russian Banking Sector
In addition to the downward revision by a number of rating agencies of Russia's long-term credit rating forecast, a similar move was made in respect of Russian banks and large companies.
So, Fitch Ratings, an international rating agency changed the issuer default rating forecasts from stable to negative for the Sberbank, the Bank for Foreign Economic Affairs, Rosselkhozbank, Gasprombank, Rosagrolizing, the National Clearing Center (NCC), Raiffeizenbank, Citibank, Nordea Bank, Danske Bank, SEB Bank, HSBC Bank, ING Bank, Rosbank, Deltacredit Bank, Rusfinansbank, Russian subsidiary of the China Construction Bank and ZAO Credit Agricole CIB. The forecast has become a negative one for Gasprom, RusHydro, RZhD, Atomenergoprom, LUKoil, FSK UES, ZAO Grazhdanskie Samolety Sukhogo, the Federal Passenger Company and Gasprom Oil.
Such a decision was explicitly meant to inform international investors about the danger related to growth in political and economic risks due to a situation in Crimea.
The financial theory points to the fact that there is a considerable dependence of the cost of borrowing of funds by companies on their credit rating, while the practice confirms that the spread between the weighted average cost of borrowing of funds for companies with a high reliability rating and a risk-free rate amounts to 0.2%, while that index for companies with a rating below the investment one may amount to 7% or more depending on the tax and debt burden.
In the short-term prospect, downward revision of the forecast on the long-term rating of Russian credit institutions does not involve any substantial risks either to the Russian banking sector or individual credit institutions.
For evaluation of the consequences of a possible downward revision of ratings in future, it is important to pay attention to dependence of Russian banks on foreign borrowings and the pattern of the Russian foreign corporate debt.
According to the estimates of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, as of January 1, 2014 the foreign debt of Russian banks amounted to $215bn, that is, 29% in the pattern of the foreign debt or a bit more that 17% of the total amount of borrowed funds. Growth in the cost of foreign borrowings even in case of a dramatic downward revision of ratings of Russian banks will not affect greatly the stability of the Russian banking sector.
It is to be noted that foreign borrowings are of a long-term nature, while placement of funds takes place mainly in treasury instruments for liquidity management purposes. In addition to the above, a larger portion of the corporate foreign debt is made up of obligations of Russian non-financial entities to shareholders of Russian companies in countries with privileged tax and financial regulation who use such jurisdictions for tax optimization and regulation of dividend payments, as well as protection of business in Russia by mean of equal participation in the meeting of creditors in case of reorganization of a company. Decisions of rating agencies for such creditors are the least important.
Taking into account the above factors, the specifics of management of the ratings of Russia and Russian companies, as well as other aspects which permit to judge about the stability of the Russian banking sector, it can be concluded that a downward revision of rating forecasts due to international political decisions is not reasonably aimed at reduction of confidence of international investors in the Russian public and private sectors, which situation, in its turn, points to a need to reform the system of assignment of credit ratings on the basis of transparency and independent decision-making.
Yuri Kondrashin, Expert of the Structural Research Center


text:
Hannah Wicklund 10 Questions with TotalNtertainment
Hannah Wicklund talks to us about lockdown her latest EP The Inbetween and more, see below.
Hannah Wicklund and 10 Questions with TotalNtertainment.
South Carolinian-born Hannah Wicklund has released The Inbetween a very special 10" inch vinyl EP of four stripped back solo performances. Produced and recorded by her older brother, Luke Mitchell (The High Divers), in their parents' home on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, the EP features intimate performances that sees Hannah getting back to her roots. The EP was mixed by Phil Ek and mastered by Ed Brooks in Seattle, WA. We got the chance to speak to Hannah about her EP The Inbetween and more.
1. Hi Hannah, thanks for your time, how is lockdown treating you? How are you keeping busy?
I've been well! Staying busy learning to cook, painting, writing and playing with my new puppy, Kaboo!
2. You've just put out a new EP what has the reaction been like to the more stripped-back songs?
The reaction has been great, thankfully! I was surprised to find that most people's favourite song has been 'Meet You Again', as that's not what I had expected. It's always interesting as an artist to see the reaction.
3. What prompted you to do that and is it something you'd like to do again?
The idea of songs living lives and going through different stages has always intrigued me. Once a song is written, it doesn't mean that's how it's meant to stay. Taking my biggest guitar riff rock song and turning it into a piano was exactly the type of challenge I'd like to keep pursuing.
4. You've put a vinyl version of the EP, are you a big vinyl fan?
Vinyl has long been my favourite delivery of music. It creates an atmosphere and intention behind the record that can't be recreated with anything but.
5. On that note, do you remember the first record you ever bought?
I believe the first record I bought for myself was The Raconteur's 'Broken Boy Soldier'.
6. You started out playing piano then moved onto guitar, what moment did you realise you wanted to play rock n' roll?
There was never really a moment that I realised I wanted to play rock n roll, there just was never anything else that even interested me.
7. How did your parents feel about you moving from classical music to rock n' roll?
It was 100% their idea!
8. You recorded the EP at your parents' home with your brother producing. What was "keeping it in the family" like?
It was really nice working from my childhood home after having toured and been in the rat race for many years. There was an ease about the project that could only come from having someone who knows you so well producing. I'd do it again in a heartbeat.
9. Just for fun: for the remainder of the lockdown if you could only eat one food what would you choose and why?
Smoothies all the way.
10. Finally, thanks for your time. Looking ahead, what do you hope the future holds in store for Hannah?
Thank you for taking the time to speak with me! I hope the future is full of touring once again, and lots and lots of new music. I'm long overdue to release some new songs and messages.
You ca keep up to date with hannah at hannahwicklund.com
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The Academic release 'Anything Could Happen'
Tired Lion return with new single 'Waterbed'


PARIS (AP) — Rafael Nadal is expected to make his return from a knee injury at the Monte Carlo Masters, after being included in the official list of players on Thursday. Tournament organizers announced the line-up for the clay-court tournament in Paris. Nadal has won it a record 11 times and held a 46-match winning streak at Monte Carlo from 2005-13 — the most consecutive wins at a tournament by any man or woman.
Spain's Rafael Nadal hits a return to Russia's Karen Khachanov at the BNP Paribas Open tennis tournament, in Indian Wells, Calif. Rafael Nadal is expected to make his return from a knee injury at the Monte Carlo Masters after being included in the official list of players on Thursday, March 21. Nadal has won Monte Carlo a record 11 times and held a 46-match winning streak from 2005-13 - the most consecutive tournament wins by any man or woman.
Nadal skipped the hard-court Miami Open, which began this week, to prepare for his season on clay. The 32-year-old Spaniard is aiming for a record-extending 12th French Open title at Roland Garros, and an 18th major, from May 26-June 9.


Ecosystem services are the contributions that ecosystems provide to human well-being. They arise from the interaction of biotic and abiotic processes, and refer specifically to the 'final' outputs or products from ecological systems. Soil harbours a large proportion of Earth's biodiversity, and provides the physical substrate for most human activities. Although soils have been widely studied and classified in terms of physical and chemical characteristics, knowledge of soil biodiversity and functioning are still incomplete. Soil organisms are extremely diverse and contribute to a wide range of ecosystem services that are essential to the sustainable functioning of natural and managed ecosystems. Microbial communities (mainly composed by Bacteria, Archaea and microfungi) are vital to soil ecosystem functioning. This is because they exist in enormous numbers and have an immense cumulative mass and activity. Most of the phenomena observed in the visible aboveground world are steered directly or indirectly by species, interactions, or processes in the belowground soil. In particular, being microbial communities involved in nutrient cycling and organic matter degradation, they can affect biodiversity and productivity of aboveground ecosystems. Microorganisms can have stimulating or inhibiting effects on plants by the release of metabolites with a varying range of activities. Microbial communities are the main responsible of soil homeostatic capabilities removing contaminants and providing key ecosystem regulating and supporting services such as soil fertility, resilience and resistance to different stress. This chapter aims at describing the contributions provided by soil microbial communities to different ecosystem services and their potential use as indicators of ecosystem functioning. Understanding ecosystem functioning and predicting responses to global changes calls for much better knowledge than we have today about microbial processes and interactions, including those with plants in the rhizosphere.
Ancona, V., Barra Caracciolo, A., Grenni, P., Di Lenola, M., Campanale, C., Calabrese, A., Uricchio, V.F., Mascolo, G., & Massacci, A. (2016). Plant-assisted bioremediation of a historically PCB and heavy metal-contaminated area in Southern Italy. New Biotechnology. doi:http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2016.09.006.
CEC. (2006). Commission of the European Communities. COM(2006)231 final. Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. In: Thematic strategy for soil protection (pp. 1–16). Brussels. Available at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52006DC0231&from=EN. Accessed April 2017.
FAO and ITPS. 2015). Status of the World's Soil Resources (SWSR). Main report. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils, Rome, Italy, pp. 1–648. Available at http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5199e.pdf, Accessed April 2017.
Haines-Young, R. (2016) Support to EEA tasks under the EU MAES process. Negotiated procedure No EEA/NSS/16/002. Report of Results of a Survey to Assess the Use of CICES, 2016 (Deliverable 2), pp. 1–22. Available at http://cices.eu/content/uploads/sites/8/2016/07/Report-on-Survey-Results_19072016_Upload.pdf, Accessed April 2017.
MEA (2005). Millennium ecosystem assessment – Ecosystems and human well-being: Synthesis, pp. 1–155. Available at http://www.millenniumassessment.org/documents/document.356.aspx.pdf. Accessed April 2017.
Nardo, M., Saisana, M., Saltelli, A., Tarantola, S., Hoffman, A., Giovannini, E. (2005). Handbook on constructing composite indicators (pp. 1–162). Paris: OECD Publishing. Available at https://www.oecd.org/std/42495745.pdf. Accessed April 2017.
Orgiazzi, A., Bardgett, R. D., Barrios, E., Behan-Pelletier, V., Briones, M. J. I., Chotte, J.- L., De Deyn, G. B., Eggleton, P., Fierer, N., Fraser, T., Hedlund, K., Jeffery, S., Johnson, N. C., Jones, A., Kandeler, E., Kaneko, N., Lavelle, P., Lemanceau, P., Miko, L., Montanarella, L., Moreira, F. M. S., Ramirez, K. S., Scheu, S., Singh, B. K., Six, J., van der Putten, W. H., & Wall, D. H. (2016) Global soil biodiversity atlas. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Available at http://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/content/global-soil-biodiversity-atlas. Accessed Apr 2017.
US EPA. (1999). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Use of monitored natural attenuation at superfund, RCRA corrective action, and underground storage of tank sites. In: US Environmental Protection, Office of solid waste and emergency response. OSWER Directive 9200, 4–17. Available at https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-02/documents/d9200.4-17.pdf. Accessed April 2017.
Walthall, C. L., Hatfield, J., Backlund, P., Lengnick, L., Marshall, E., Walsh, M., Adkins, S., Aillery, M., Ainsworth, E.A., Ammann, C., Anderson, C.J., Bartomeus, I., Baumgard, L.H., Booker, F., Bradley, B., Blumenthal, D.M., Bunce, J., Burkey, K., Dabney, S. M., Delgado, J. A., Dukes, J., Funk, A., Garrett, K., Glenn, M., Grantz, D. A., Goodrich, D., Hu, S., Izaurralde, R. C., Jones R. A. C., Kim, S- H., Leaky, A. D. B., Lewers, K., Mader, T. L., McClung, A., Morgan, J., Muth, D. J., Nearing, M., Oosterhuis, D. M., Ort, D., Parmesan, C., Pettigrew, W. T., Polley, W., Rader, R., Rice, C., Rivington, M., Rosskopf, E., Salas, W. A., Sollenberger, L. E., Srygley, R., Stöckle, C., Takle, E. S., Timlin, D., White, J. W., Winfree, R., Wright-Morton, L., & Ziska, L. H. (2012). Climate change and agriculture in the United States: Effects and adaptation. USDA Technical Bulletin 1935. Washington, DC, pp. 1–186. Available at https://www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change/effects_2012/CC%20and%20Agriculture%20Report%20(02-04-2013)b.pdf. Accessed Apr 2017.


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15 November 2019 — 19 April 2020
The Clash: London Calling
An exclusive, free display celebrating a truly London album that became one of the most influential of all time.
For: All
Entry: Free, drop in
Go behind the scenes on the making of The Clash's groundbreaking London Calling – an album that rocked the music scene, serving as an anthem for London, Londoners and music lovers globally.
To honour this truly London anniversary, the Museum of London will showcase personal objects, images, music and memories from the band's history - some never seen before - in a free display.
London Calling was and is a hugely compelling melting pot of musical styles, driven by a passion for action and a fierce desire for social justice. The album's music and lyrics remain as relevant today as they were on release.
As well as showcasing the influences and context to the writing and recording of the seminal double album, this new exclusive display at the Museum of London examines how the capital influenced The Clash as they became the most popular British band of the 20th century.
Joe Strummer's notebook
© Casbah Productions
Paul Simonon's broken bass guitar
© The Clash Archive
Handwritten track listing by Mick Jones
Topper Headon's drum sticks
(c) The Clash Archive
To reflect the band's diverse range of political, emotional and musical interests, a broad range of items from their personal archive can be seen in the display, including:
Paul Simonon's broken Fender Precision Bass, smashed on stage at The Palladium in New York City on 21st September 1979
Mick Jones' handwritten album sequencing note
Joe Strummer's notebook from the period when the album 'London Calling' was rehearsed and recorded
Joe Strummer's typewriter used to document ideas, lyrics and other writings
To coincide with the opening of the display Sony Music have released the London Calling Scrapbook - a 120-page hardback companion which comes with the album and contains hand-written lyrics, notes, photos and previously unseen material from the period when the record was made.
The Clash: London Calling was co-curated and delivered by the Museum of London in partnership with The Clash and Robert Gordon McHarg III.
Discover more about The Clash: London Calling with Smartify
Download the free Smartify app ahead of your visit to The Clash: London Calling. In the display, you can use the app to unlock bonus content and explore fascinating stories behind the objects.
1. Go to the Apple or Google Play app store, search 'Smartify' and download the app.
2. When in the exhibition space and you see the Smartify logo, open the app, select 'Scan' and hold up your phone camera in front of the object(s).
3. The related content will then appear in the app. Watch, listen, read more, or save for later!
"'London Calling' is The Clash's defining album, a rallying call for Londoners and people around the world. The album's lyrics reflected contemporary concerns, many of which are still relevant today, as it moved away from traditional punk by adopting and reworking much wider musical influences. "
Beatrice Behlen, Senior Curator
The gallery is on the ground floor and is wheelchair accessible.
Free entry, drop in.
London Calling also of interest
London Calling: rock icons on display
Get a sneak peek of the iconic objects on show.
Museum of London closing at 5.30pm today
Please note that the Museum of London will be closing at 5.30pm today (Tuesday 21 January). We are sorry for any inconvenience this may cause.


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Budimex concluded works on new runway at KTW
November 13, 2014 Katowice the City Katowice Airport 0
Budimex has finished the construction work on a new runway at the Katowice International Airport (KTW). The prime contractor needed 710 days, 120 thousand cubic meters of concrete and over 1 500 people to conduct the investment process.
© Katowice International Airport; new runway at KTW
The construction of the new runway means that the airport will be able to host larger aircrafts and to increase its number. It will allow flying machines for take-offs to any place in the world without the need to stop for refueling and to approve aircrafts with the maximum take-off weight.
The new runway is 45 meters wide and 3 200 meters long – 400 meters longer than the existing one, which will be transformed into a taxiway. The scope of works included the construction of the new runway and technical roads, alteration of the radio navigation system, telecommunication networks for radio navigation and meteorological equipment. The Upper Silesian Aviation Group, a management body of the airport, paid Budimex PLN 150 million for the execution of the works.
1097 running lights, 235 km of electric cables, 379 sewerage wells, 56 thousand tons of blacktop and mineral mixture, 421 thousand tons of chippings of different types and 9 000 kg of paint of road signs were used to erect the new runway.
The investment was carried out within the framework of the Operational Programme Infrastructure and Environment 2007-2013. The total worth of the project amounts to PLN 267 million. Half of qualified costs is covered by the European Union. Apart from the construction of the new runway, the project involved the upgrade of apron and the reconstruction of taxiways E1, E2 and D delivered in June 2013.
The new runway will be operational in the second quarter of 2015, when the certification process is finished. Only then, the former runway will be turned into a taxiway.
Katowice Airport
pyrzowice
upper silesian aviation group
Lease agreements empower developers activity


Room was clean, staff was polite, bed was nice. Nice price for quality ratio.
Very nice location, quite, friendly staff, lots of things to do, nice pool and pool area.
It's a very good place to stay when you rent a car and would like to see Madeira. A lot of restaurants and bars around with different offer, and two shops. There were no problems with car parking. Hotel was clean and room was very spacious. Very nice view of the ocean.
Even though we were supposed to have garden view, we had an amazing ocean view from our room. The hotel is well located, close to all touristic places and in a fantastic scenery. A lot of restaurants and bars nearby as well.
Very friendly staff at the reception. Comfortable bed (except pillows). Breakfast was OK. Good value for the money.
Lovely staff, quick check in, kitchen staff were great. Tasty food in half board, changed dinners nightly, breakfast the same. They managed for my intolerance which was nice. Clean hotel.
The room was quite spacey and has been recently refurbished with brand new furniture. The sea view is really nice and the sourandings are very peacefull, with a lovely big garden. All in all, we really enjoyed our stay here!
Dom Pedro Garajau This rating is a reflection of how the property compares to the industry standard when it comes to price, facilities and services available. It's based on a self-evaluation by the property. Use this rating to help choose your stay!
One of our top picks in Caniço.Dom Pedro Garajau is in the south coast of Madeira Island, between Funchal and Caniço. The hotel features modern rooms with balcony and a large outdoor pool.
The hotel's rooms have wooden furniture and are decorated in neutral colors. Each room has satellite TV and a balcony with view of the grounds or the Atlantic Ocean.
Guests can relax on the lounge chairs around the pool, or just enjoy the sea view from the indoor pool with the sliding roof. The hotel has a sports court, where guests have the opportunity to play volleyball and badminton.
The hotel is 6 miles from Funchal and provides a tour desk. Madeira International Airport is only 7 miles away and a car rental service is available on site.
This is our guests' favorite part of Caniço, according to independent reviews.
When would you like to stay at Dom Pedro Garajau?
This room comes with a balcony and overlooks the garden.
It features a satellite TV, telephone and a private bathroom with free toiletries.
This room comes with a balcony and overlooks the sea.
When booking for more than 3 people, different policies and additional supplements may apply.
This room can accommodate 2 adults and 1 child up to 5 years old.
This studio has a sea view.
House Rules Dom Pedro Garajau takes special requests – add in the next step!
Dom Pedro Garajau accepts these cards and reserves the right to temporarily hold an amount prior to arrival.
Please note that for the half board rates, on the 31st of December the meal included is the New Year's Eve Dinner.
À lot of notice during thé night !
The view And thé swiming pool !
Breakfast could be a little bit more diversfied, and conisist of products of higher quality. Also ventilation of bathrooms is not the best, But overall - price-quality ratio is very good.
The water in the swimming pools was definitely too cold. Small variety of breakfast dishes.
Indoor pool water was cold, not warm as usual on indoors pool... information was 28°c but clearly wasn't. Terrible sound isolation, its possible to listen people talking from top floor and hall and taking shower. Kitchen have to pay separately.
Staff very friendly Very clean inside room and surrounding. Good room size and balcony. Outside pool was great.
No wifi in rooms. No kettle.
Staff were great and sorted a problem we had with our room very efficiently and courteously. It was my 60th birthday whilst we were there and the hotel kindly provided a complimentary bottle of bubbly - a thoughtful gesture.
Do facto de ficar numa outra "torre" do hotel principal.
Help with luggage would have been good. Lack of kettle - and evasive reply when we asked about the kitchen facilities which were locked up.
No wifi in the room only in the lobby, parking access only on the road which you have to pay for and lastly you need to pay extra for the kettle and coffee amenities.
Clean, tidy and very well located.
The pillows were far too high and hard, impossible to use. On 1st January we did not want to wake up early but the cleaning lady bang the door very loud at 8:30 even though it should have been clear our room does not need to be cleaned, because we were checking out. Extremely cold in the room until i realised we should have heated it ourselves with the same device which air-conditions the room. I slept with my down jacket on. WIFI worked only at the reception.
Noise in corridors when people arrive at 3am, the corridors and rooms are badly insulated. You can hear people upstairs using toilets and showers. Nothing they can do about it, the location makes it up for it.
Wi-Fi only in lobby. "Heated imdoor pool", I wouldn't go in as it wasn't warm albeit probably fine during summer.


text:
import React from 'react'
import PropTypes from 'prop-types'
import FVButton from 'components/FVButton'

/**
 * @summary FlashcardButtonPresentation
 * @version 1.0.1
 * @component
 *
 * @param {object} props
 *
 * @returns {node} jsx markup
 */
function FlashcardButtonPresentation({ queryFlashcard, onClickDisable, onClickEnable }) {
  return queryFlashcard ? (
    <FVButton variant="contained" color="primary" className="WordsList__viewModeButton" onClick={onClickDisable}>
      Cancel flashcard view
    </FVButton>
  ) : (
    <FVButton variant="contained" className="WordsList__viewModeButton" onClick={onClickEnable}>
      Flashcard view
    </FVButton>
  )
}
// PROPTYPES
const { func, oneOfType, string, number } = PropTypes
FlashcardButtonPresentation.propTypes = {
  queryFlashcard: oneOfType([string, number]),
  onClickDisable: func,
  onClickEnable: func,
}
FlashcardButtonPresentation.defaultProps = {
  onClickDisable: () => {},
  onClickEnable: () => {},
}

export default FlashcardButtonPresentation

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Tag: University College
Segregated Seating at University College London Debate Between Islam and Atheism Sparks Controversy
A debate held on the campus of University College London (UCL) and hosted by the Islamic Education and Research Academy (iERA) between Professor Lawrence Krauss, a leading atheist, and Hamza Andreas Tzortzis, a lecturer on Islam, sparked controversy when event organizers instituted a gender-segregated seating policy, though the specifics of this policy are contested. The debate was held on 9 March and was entitled, "Islam or Atheism: Which Makes More Sense?"
Reports indicate that Professor Krauss, upon seeing women directed toward the back of the auditorium and three men being removed from the women's section, threatened to walk out of the debate. This apparently prompted event organizers to abandon the seating policy and the event was held as scheduled.
Accounts differ as to the nature of the seating policy, with one member of the iERA claiming that women attendees merely had the option to sit in a women's only section and were not forced to do so. The arrangement was instituted to respect those Muslim women who desired to "adhere to orthodox Islamic principles" by sitting in their own section. The member further emphasized that the seating arrangement, consisting of one all-male section, one all-female section, and one mixed section, was approved by UCL representatives prior to the debate.
For its part, UCL has launched an investigation into the issue to determine whether any university policies had been violated.
Author Euro-IslamPosted on 19th March 2013 Categories Education and Schooling, Gender Issues and the Hijab/Burqa, Interfaith and Multicultural Engagement, United KingdomTags Debate, event, London, policy, Research, UCL, University College, University College London, women
Muslim Medical Students Boycott Lectures on Evolution
An increasing number of Muslim biology and medical students as well as trainee doctors at the University College London (UCL) are boycotting lectures on evolution, claiming they clash with ideas established in the Quran. As the Daily Mail reports, similar to the beliefs expressed by fundamentalist Christians, Muslim opponents to Darwinism maintain that Allah created the world, mankind, and all known species. Yet, Professors at UCL are increasingly concerned about the students' boycott of lectures, as Darwinist theory forms an important part of the syllabus.
Author Euro-IslamPosted on 6th December 2011 Categories Education and SchoolingTags boycott, Christians, Daily Mail, doctors, fundamentalist, London, medical, students, UCL, University College, University College London
Huron University College Appoints Chair in Islamic Studies
Huron University College in London, Ontario has appointed Dr. Ingrid Mattson as the inaugural London and Windsor Community Chair in Islamic Studies at its Faculty of Theology. Dr. Mattson will begin her appointment on July 1, 2012.
Dr. Mattson was born and raised in Kitchener-Waterloo and earned her PhD in Islamic Studies from the University of Chicago. She is the first convert to Islam and the first woman to lead the Islamic Society of North America. Before accepting the Chair in Islamic Studies at Huron University College, Dr. Mattson was Director of the Macdonald Center for the Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations at Hartford Seminary in Hartford Connecticut. She has also been an Advisor to both the Bush and Obama Administrations.
Author Euro-IslamPosted on 24th October 2011 Categories Education and SchoolingTags Chicago, Hartford, Huron University College, Islamic Society, Islamic Studies, London, PhD, University College, Windsor
UK Universities Asked to Report "Vulnerable" Muslim Students
As part of the government's revamped Prevent strategy, British universities have been ordered to inform the police about Muslim students who may be vulnerable to radicalisation due to feelings of depression or isolation. According to the new guidance for countering Islamist radicalism, students reported at being "at risk" will then be monitored and Scotland Yard will assess any terrorist threat. However, the students will not be made aware of this investigation. The backdrop to this new focus on universities is the realisation that Umar Farouk Abdulmutallabhad, who has come to be known as the "underpants bomber" of Christmas 2009, had studied at the University College London.
The new guidance has resulted in discomfort amongst both lecturers and student unions who are concerned about the infringement of students' civil liberties. As the Guardian reports, the National Union of Students, for instance, instructed their officers to not provide the police with details about students unless they presented a warrant. Similarly, James Haywood, president of Goldsmiths college student union, said he was appalled to be asked to spy on Muslim students. The University and College Union criticised the new strategy for risking to damage the relationship between staff and students. Similarly, Ted Cantle warned of the risk to stigmatise Muslims. Despite these criticisms, however, the Home Office defended the new strategy and expressed the expectation on universities to play their role in achieving its objectives.
Author Euro-IslamPosted on 6th September 2011 Categories Security and CounterterrorismTags civil liberties, Home Office, Muslim students, police, Prevent, Report, students, UK, Universities, University College, University College London
Questions surround Islamic Chair position at Huron University College, affiliate of University of Western Ontario
The National Post: May 13, 2011
This article chronicles critics of a proposed Islamic Chair position at Huron University College, an affiliate of University of Western Ontario (UWO) Southern Ontario. Huron offers post-baccalaureate and professional degree programs in theology. The College recently accepted a $2-million endowment for a new Chair in Islamic Studies within the College's historically Anglican Faculty of Theology. About half the money is to come via fundraising facilitated by the Muslim Association of Canada (MAC), and the other, matching half from the Virginia-based International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT).
On April 5, 26 self-identified "alumni, friends and faculty" of the university signed on to a letter written by UWO associate professor of economics John Palmer, protesting acceptance of the endowment. In it, Palmer contends that although MAC and IIIT claim they are moderate and democratic organizations, their approach is influenced by Imam Hassan Al-Banna, founder and even decades after his death still ideological guru of the Muslim Brotherhood (MB), who, according to the MAC website, "best exemplifies [a] balanced, comprehensive understanding of Islam."
Author Euro-IslamPosted on 17th May 2011 Categories Education and SchoolingTags Huron University College, IIIT, Islamic Chair, John Palmer, MAC, Muslim Association, Muslim Brotherhood, Ontario, University College, UWO
Abdulmutallab's struggles highlight line between piety and extremism
Before Abdulmutallab traveled to Yemen to train with al-Qaida and wrote off his family, tensions existed with his father over his alleged "immoral, un-Islamic " choices to become a wealthy banker. This is apparently a common struggle in Kaduna, Nigeria, where Abdulmutallab was raised. He also spent a lot of time unsupervised, a common issue in wealthy Nigerian families, and was exposed to the radical ideas that circulate the region.
Researchers also note his loneliness and isolation as a factor in his radicalization. "He is a total teetotaler," said Adulmutallab's uncle. "He doesn't do what his peers used to do. He is always indoors reading his Quran."
By the time he reached University College London, the transformation to radical Islam had occurred. "He had changed; he was saying 'Islam, Islam, Islam;' Aminu Baba-Ahmed says.
Author researcherPosted on 16th January 2010 Categories Radicalization, Security and CounterterrorismTags Abdulmutallab, extremism, family, London, Nigeria, radicalism, Terrorism, University College, University College London, Yemen
Yemen claims Abdulmutallab recruited for al-Qaida while in London
While Britain has confirmed Abdulmutallab had contact with Islamist radicals during his time at University College London, authorities deny he was recruited into al-Qaida from the UK. The Yemeni government claim otherwise.
Author researcherPosted on 7th January 2010 Categories Radicalization, Security and CounterterrorismTags Abdulmutallab, Al Qaida, global jihad, London, Radicalization, Terrorism, UK, University College, University College London, Yemen
Guesswork on Abdulmutallab's potential radicalization in London
From December 25, 2009, there has been ample news coverage in the UK on the attempted terrorist attack on a flight to Detroit, as the alleged bomber Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab had formerly been a student at University College in London. News reports try to uncover whether Abdulmutallab had always held fundamentalist views or whether he adopted them in London, during his studies 2005-2008 or only afterwards while in Yemen.
Some claim that Abdulmutallab had reached out to extremists that were under MI5 surveillance during his studies. On the other hand he served as president to the Islamic Society of University College, with the majority of such societies being very mainstream, cooperative and pursuing inter-faith dialogue. Then again, this particular Islamic Society organized some events with controversial speakers during Abdulmutallab's presidency, for instance a strong homophobic speaker, and had disputes with the university's Jewish society over the definition of anti-Semitism. The Federation of Islamic Societies has expressed their shock about the incidence, but also demanded that Islamic Societies at universities not be condemned across-the-board.
In London, Abdulmutallab also attended a mosque in central London, Goodge Street. This is run by the Saudi-based organisation Muslim World League, which promulgates a fundamentalist interpretation of Islam, but has repeatedly condemned terrorism. It is most probable that a variety of sources for Abdulmutallab's radicalisation will be found, and that some of them are British, while their actual influence has been underestimated by security services.
Author researcherPosted on 3rd January 2010 Categories Radicalization, Security and CounterterrorismTags Abdulmutallab, attempted terrorist attack, controversial, Detroit bomber, extremists, fundamentalist, Islamic Societies, Islamic Society, London, Society, University College
Who is Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab?
23-year old Nigerian Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab attempted to bomb a Northwest Airlines Flight en route from Amsterdam to Detroit on Christmas Day.
Abdulmutallab was educated at an international British school in Lagos as a youth, and received a degree in engineering and business finance from University College London from 2005-08. His father was a banker and government official in Nigeria.
Abdulmutallab's father reported him to authorities after he showed interest in radical Islam, cut ties with his family and disappeared. His recent past includes two trips to Yemen and moves to both Egypt and Dubai.
His 2005 posts to the Islamic Forum (http://www.gawaher.com) reveal a lonely young man desperate for a better social life, love life, success on standardized tests, someone to "consult" with, and respite from depression. "I have no one to speak to. No one to support me, no one to consult, and I feel depressed and lonely. I do not know what to do. And then I think this loneliness leads me to other problems." He was also conflicted about eating meat not slaughtered by Muslims with his parents, and experienced difficulty in finding a balance between working to understand the Koran, and relaxing without becoming too listless.
He also wrote about a 2005 trip to Yemen to study Arabic, where he seemed to be having a happy experience. He described how many American and British people were in Sanaa, and excitement over the availability of Pizza Hut and KFC.
Abdulmutallab had 287 Facebook friends; pictures posted to his profile show him smiling with friends.
A fellow student of his at University College London said he showed no signs of radicalization, but described him as quiet and reserved, and frequently prayed.
Author researcherPosted on 29th December 2009 Categories Radicalization, Security and CounterterrorismTags Abdulmutallab, Forum, KFC, London, meat, Nigeria, Pizza Hut, Security, Terrorism, Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, University College, University College London, Yemen
Did time in London radicalize Abdulmutallab?
Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab spent 2005-08 living in a 3-bedroom apartment in London's West End as an engineering and business finance student at University College London. Experts wonder whether those years, characterized by anger over the Iraq War and the 2005 London subway/bus bombing, could have played a role in radicalizing Abdulmutallab.
While London is an exciting city for Muslims from other countries with its higher education options, jobs, and distance from family home, it is also described by Mamoun Fandy, International Institute for Strategic Studies as "a mecca of jihad." The years Abdulmutallab spent there saw a spike in the spread of radical Islamic ideas.
Today, Muslims still have access to many different interpretations of Islam in London, including "intense Koranic views."
"I've felt for a long time that if radical Sharia law comes to the rest of the world it will start on the streets of London," says a Pakistani expert on militant Islam. "Too many clerics today, even moderate ones, don't talk on Muslim life in a secular state. Young Muslims are smart, raised as British citizens. If they come from abroad, many have great hope and are often disillusioned. They live between worlds, in the cracks. When they go home to their families they are often more radical than their friends."
"There remains in London a problem of assimilation for outsiders. The society is closed. The city is open, but the people are not," Fandy said.
At this point in the investigation, his background and path to violent jihad is still unclear. One source claims he was recruited to militant Islam while living in London. Another claims he was already espousing radical views while still in boarding school in West Africa, before he ever went to college. But the US is now questioning whether Britain is posing a major threat to national security.
Author researcherPosted on 26th December 2009 Categories Radicalization, Security and CounterterrorismTags Abdulmutallab, bombing, business, higher education, jihad, London, Radicalization, Security, Sharia law, Terrorism, University College, University College London, West


LAWRENCE —On Saturday, September 29, close to 400 guests attended Lawrence General's Legacy of Caring Gala at the Boston Marriot Burlington. This event provides an opportunity for friends, supporters, staff members, and community leaders to come together and celebrate the exceptional care provided by Lawrence General and all those who make it possible. The event raised close to $400,000 toward advanced clinical care.
As part of this year's program, Debra Silberstein, Esq., chair of the Lawrence General Board of Trustees, and Dianne Anderson, RN, Lawrence General's president and CEO, each took a moment to recognize and thank the many "heroes" who were involved in the emergency response efforts surrounding the gas fires and explosions that took place in early September.
One such hero, orthopedic trauma surgeon Jason Reid, DO, was then honored with the first-ever Lawrence General Hero Award for his tireless, and successful, effort to save a patient's life that night and in the days following.
The evening also included a heartwarming tribute to Cardiologist Sunit Mukherjee, MD, Lawrence General's recipient of the 2018 Santagati Award for Visionary Leadership. Dr. Mukherjee has been instrumental in developing the hospital's cardiovascular program over more than two decades and has championed a number of leading-edge cardiac treatment techniques during his tenure. In the months ahead, Dr. Mukherjee will lead the development of Lawrence General's new Heart and Vascular Center.
Congresswoman Niki Tsongas, a longtime friend and advocate of Lawrence General both in Boston and Washington, was also honored at the event. Congresswoman Tsongas accepted Lawrence General's Community Leader Award in recognition of her many years of service and upon the occasion of her upcoming retirement.
Lawrence Mayor Daniel Rivera also took the stage to provide special proclamations to both Dr. Mukherjee and Congresswoman Tsongas, and to thank the hospital for the crucial role it plays in the community, especially in times of crisis.