text:
free of the mechanical hypotaxis of the one and the boring boisterousness of the other
The circular, "synthetic;' and pleromatic grandeur of the Hegelian infinite and the chaotic, univocal, and unharmonizable flux of the postmodern infinite are equally dreary; but the Christian infinite, free of the mechanical hypotaxis of the one and the boring boisterousness of the other, yields a profuse and irreducible parataxis, a boundless flood of beauties, beyond synthesis, but utterly open to analogy, complexity, variations, and refrains.
Within such an infinite, the Spirit's power to redeem discordant lines is one not of higher resolution but of reorientation, a restoration of each line's scope of harmonic openness to every other line.
It is the promise of Christian faith that, eschatologically, the music of all creation will be restored not as a totality in which all the discords of evil necessarily participated, but as an accomplished harmony from which all such discords, along with their false profundities, have been exorcised by way of innumerable "tonal" (or pneumatological) reconciliations. This is the sense in which theology should continue to speak of the world in terms of a harmonia mundi, a musica mundana, or the song of creation.
…Let me stipulate that creation can never be understood, in Christian thought, simply as a text that conceals a more fundamental set of abstract meanings, to which all its particularities can be reduced; when I use the word "theme" here, I mean it in its strictly musical sense, to indicate a phrase or motif, a point of departure, which is neither more true nor less complex than the series of variations to which it gives rise. The "theme" of creation is the gift of the whole, committed to limitless possibilities, open to immeasurable ranges of divergence and convergence, consonance and dissonance (which always allows for the possibility of discord), and unpredictable modulations that at once restore and restate that theme.
The Beauty of the Infinite: The Aesthetics of Christian Truth by David Bentley Hart.
Obtain the Lord as a friend
O Bridegroom, brilliant in Thy beauty above all mankind, Who didst call us to the spiritual banquet of Thy chamber, cast away from me the likeness of rags of iniquity by participation in Thy Passion, and adorn me with the robe of Thy beauty. Distinguish me as a brilliant guest in Thy kingdom; for Thou art compassionate.
…Behold, the Master entrusteth thee with a talent, O my soul. Wherefore, receive thou the gift with fear. Lend to the giver and console the poor. Obtain the Lord as a friend, that thou mayest stand on His right hand when He cometh in glory, and that thou mayest hear that blessed voice: "Enter, O servant, into the joy of thy Lord." Prepare me, a prodigal, for it. O Savior, for the multitude of Thy mercies.
Bridegroom Matins (celebrated evening of Holy Tuesday)
Bridegroom Icon
to be united with the beauty we see
We do not want merely to see beauty, though, God knows, even that is bounty enough. We want something else which can hardly be put into words—to be united with the beauty we see, to pass into it, to receive it into ourselves, to bathe in it, to become part of it.
That is why we have peopled air and earth and water with gods and goddesses and nymphs and elves-that, though we cannot, yet these projections can, enjoy in themselves that beauty grace, and power of which Nature is the image. That is why the poets tell us such lovely falsehoods. They talk as if the west wind could really sweep into a human soul; but it can't. They tell us that "beauty born of murmuring sound" will pass into a human face; but it won't. Or not yet.
For if we take the imagery of Scripture seriously, if we believe that God will one day give us the Morning Star and cause us to put on the splendour of the sun, then we may surmise that both the ancient myths and the modern poetry, so false as history, may be very near the truth as prophecy.
At present we are on the outside of the world, the wrong side of the door. We discern the freshness and purity of morning, but they do not make us fresh and pure. We cannot mingle with the splendours we see. But all the leaves of the New Testament are rustling with the rumour that it will not always be so. Someday, God willing, we shall get in.
C. S. Lewis, "The Weight of Glory," in The Weight of Glory: And Other Addresses.
God is the Lord, of angels, and of men—and of elves
The lecture and essay "On Fairy Stories" by J.R.R. Tolkien is incredibly rich. I've just reread it and am only realizing this time how little I understand it. I've posted several portions of it in past years, but here is a comprehensive set of passages that I wish to reflect upon more when I can.
For it is man who is, in contrast to fairies, supernatural (and often of diminutive stature); whereas they are natural, far more natural than he. Such is their doom. The road to fairyland is not the road to Heaven; nor even to Hell, I believe, though some have held that it may lead thither indirectly by the Devil's tithe.
…Fairy-stories are not in normal English usage stories about fairies or elves, but stories about Fairy, that is Faerie, the realm or state in which fairies have their being. Faerie contains many things besides elves and fays, and besides dwarfs, witches, trolls, giants, or dragons: it holds the seas, the sun, the moon, the sky; and the earth, and all things that are in it: tree and bird, water and stone, wine and bread, and ourselves, mortal men, when we are enchanted.
Stories that are actually concerned primarily with "fairies," that is with creatures that might also in modern English be called "elves," are relatively rare, and as a rule not very interesting. Most good "fairy-stories" are about the adventures of men in the Perilous Realm or upon its shadowy marches. Naturally so; for if elves are true, and really exist independently of our tales about them, then this also is certainly true: elves are not primarily concerned with us, nor we with them. Our fates are sundered, and our paths seldom meet. Even upon the borders of Faërie we encounter them only at some chance crossing of the ways.
…A real dream may indeed sometimes be a fairy-story of almost elvish ease and skill— while it is being dreamed. But if a waking writer tells you that his tale is only a thing imagined in his sleep, he cheats deliberately the primal desire at the heart of Faerie: the realization, independent of the conceiving mind, of imagined wonder. It is often reported of fairies (truly or lyingly, I do not know) that they are workers of illusion, that they are cheaters of men by "fantasy"; but that is quite another matter. That is their affair. Such trickeries happen, at any rate, inside tales in which the fairies are not themselves illusions; behind the fantasy real wills and powers exist, independent of the minds and purposes of men.
…It is precisely the colouring, the atmosphere, the unclassifiable individual details of a story, and above all the general purport that informs with life the undissected bones of the plot, that really count.
…It is plain enough that fairy-stories (in wider or in narrower sense) are very ancient indeed. Related things appear in very early records; and they are found universally, wherever there is language. We are therefore obviously confronted with a variant of the problem that the archaeologist encounters, or the comparative philologist: with the debate between independent evolution (or rather invention) of the similar; inheritance from a common ancestry; and diffusion at various times from one or more centres. Most debates depend on an attempt (by one or both sides) at over-simplification; and I do not suppose that this debate is an exception. The history of fairy-stories is probably more complex than the physical history of the human race, and as complex as the history of human language.
…But how powerful, how stimulating to the very faculty that produced it, was the invention of the adjective: no spell or incantation in Faerie is more potent. And that is not surprising: such incantations might indeed be said to be only another view of adjectives, a part of speech in a mythical grammar. The mind that thought of light, heavy, grey, yellow, still, swift, also conceived of magic that would make heavy things light and able to fly, turn grey lead into yellow gold, and the still rock into a swift water. If it could do the one, it could do the other; it inevitably did both. When we can take green from grass, blue from heaven, and red from blood, we have already an enchanter's power—upon one plane; and the desire to wield that power in the world external to our minds awakes. It does not follow that we shall use that power well upon any plane. We may put a deadly green upon a man's face and produce a horror; we may make the rare and terrible blue moon to shine; or we may cause woods to spring with silver leaves and rams to wear fleeces of gold, and put hot fire into the belly of the cold worm. But in such "fantasy," as it is called, new form is made; Faerie begins; Man becomes a sub-creator.
…Even fairy-stories as a whole have three faces: the Mystical towards the Supernatural; the Magical towards Nature; and the Mirror of scorn and pity towards Man. The essential face of Faerie is the middle one, the Magical. But the degree in which the others appear (if at all) is variable, and may be decided by the individual story-teller. The Magical, the fairy-story, may be used as a Mirour de l'Omme; and it may (but not so easily) be made a vehicle of Mystery. This at least is what George Mac-Donald attempted, achieving stories of power and beauty when he succeeded, as in The Golden Key (which he called a fairy-tale); and even when he partly failed, as in Lilith (which he called a romance).
…But the land of Merlin and Arthur was better than these, and best of all the nameless North of Sigurd of the Völsungs, and the prince of all dragons. Such lands were pre-eminently desirable. I never imagined that the dragon was of the same order as the horse. And that was not solely because I saw horses daily, but never even the footprint of a worm. The dragon had the trade-mark Of Faerie written plain upon him. In whatever world he had his being it was an Other-world. Fantasy, the making or glimpsing of Other-worlds, was the heart of the desire of Faërie. I desired dragons with a profound desire. Of course, I in my timid body did not wish to have them in the neighbourhood, intruding into my relatively safe world, in which it was, for instance, possible to read stories in peace of mind, free from fear. But the world that contained even the imagination of Fáfnir was richer and more beautiful, at whatever cost of peril. The dweller in the quiet and fertile plains may hear of the tormented hills and the unharvested sea and long for them in his heart. For the heart is hard though the body be soft.
…Children are meant to grow up, and not to become Peter Pans. Not to lose innocence and wonder, but to proceed on the appointed journey: that journey upon which it is certainly not better to travel hopefully than to arrive, though we must travel hopefully if we are to arrive. But it is one of the lessons of fairy-stories (if we can speak of the lessons of things that do not lecture) that on callow, lumpish, and selfish youth peril, sorrow, and the shadow of death can bestow dignity, and even sometimes wisdom.
…But fairy-stories offer also, in a peculiar degree or mode, these things: Fantasy, Recovery, Escape, Consolation, all things of which children have, as a rule, less need than older people. Most of them are nowadays very commonly considered to be bad for anybody.
…Now "Faërian Drama"—those plays which according to abundant records the elves have often presented to men—can produce Fantasy with a realism and immediacy beyond the compass of any human mechanism. As a result their usual effect (upon a man) is to go beyond Secondary Belief. If you are present at a Faërian drama you yourself are, or think that you are, bodily inside its Secondary World. The experience may be very similar to Dreaming and has (it would seem) sometimes (by men) been confounded with it. But in Faërian drama you are in a dream that some other mind is weaving, and the knowledge of that alarming fact may slip from your grasp. To experience directly a Secondary World: the potion is too strong, and you give to it Primary Belief, however marvellous the events. You are deluded— whether that is the intention of the elves (always or at any time) is another question. They at any rate are not themselves deluded. This is for them a form of Art, and distinct from Wizardry or Magic, properly so called. They do not live in it, though they can, perhaps, afford to spend more time at it than human artists can. The Primary World, Reality, of elves and men is the same, if differently valued and perceived.
…Art is the human process that produces by the way (it is not its only or ultimate object) Secondary Belief. Art of the same sort, if more skilled and effortless, the elves can also use, or so the reports seem to show; but the more potent and specially elvish craft I will, for lack of a less debatable word, call Enchantment. Enchantment produces a Secondary World into which both designer and spectator can enter, to the satisfaction of their senses while they are inside; but in its purity it is artistic in desire and purpose. Magic produces, or pretends to produce, an alteration in the Primary World. It does not matter by whom it is said to be practised, fay or mortal, it remains distinct from the other two; it is not an art but a technique; its desire is power in this world, domination of things and wills.
To the elvish craft, Enchantment, Fantasy aspires, and when it is successful of all forms of human art most nearly approaches. At the heart of many man-made stories of the elves lies, open or concealed, pure or alloyed, the desire for a living, realized sub-creative art, which (however much it may outwardly resemble it) is inwardly wholly different from the greed for self-centred power which is the mark of the mere Magician.
…Dear Sir, I said—Although now long estranged,
Man is not wholly lost nor wholly changed.
Dis-graced he may be, yet is not de-throned,
and keeps the rags of lordship once he owned:
Man, Sub-creator, the refracted Light
through whom is splintered from a single White
to many hues, and endlessly combined
in living shapes that move from mind to mind.
Though all the crannies of the world we filled
with Elves and Goblins, though we dared to build
Gods and their houses out of dark and light,
and sowed the seed of dragons—'twas our right
(used or misused). That right has not decayed:
we make still by the law in which we're made.
Fantasy is a natural human activity. It certainly does not destroy or even insult Reason; and it does not either blunt the appetite for, nor obscure the perception of, scientific verity. On the contrary. The keener and the clearer is the reason, the better fantasy will it make.
…For creative Fantasy is founded upon the hard recognition that things are so in the world as it appears under the sun; on a recognition of fact, but not a slavery to it. So upon logic was founded the nonsense that displays itself in the tales and rhymes of Lewis Carroll. If men really could not distinguish between frogs and men, fairy-stories about frog-kings would not have arisen.
Fantasy can, of course, be carried to excess. It can be ill done. It can be put to evil uses. It may even delude the minds out of which it came. But of what human thing in this fallen world is that not true? Men have conceived not only of elves, but they have imagined gods, and worshipped them, even worshipped those most deformed by their authors' own evil. But they have made false gods out of other materials: their notions, their banners, their monies; even their sciences and their social and economic theories have demanded human sacrifice. Abusus non tollit usum. Fantasy remains a human right: we make in our measure and in our derivative mode, because we are made: and not only made, but made in the image and likeness of a Maker.
…We need, in any case, to clean our windows; so that the things seen clearly may be freed from the drab blur of triteness or familiarity—from possessiveness. Of all faces those of our familiares are the ones both most difficult to play fantastic tricks with, and most difficult really to see with fresh attention, perceiving their likeness and unlikeness: that they are faces, and yet unique faces. This triteness is really the penalty of "appropriation": the things that are trite, or (in a bad sense) familiar, are the things that we have appropriated, legally or mentally. We say we know them. They have become like the things which once attracted us by their glitter, or their colour, or their shape, and we laid hands on them, and then locked them in our hoard, acquired them, and acquiring ceased to look at them.
Of course, fairy-stories are not the only means of recovery, or prophylactic against loss. Humility is enough. And there is (especially for the humble) Mooreeffoc, or Chestertonian Fantasy. Mooreeffoc is a fantastic word, but it could be seen written up in every town in this land. It is Coffee-room, viewed from the inside through a glass door, as it was seen by Dickens on a dark London day; and it was used by Chesterton to denote the queerness of things that have become trite, when they are seen suddenly from a new angle. That kind of "fantasy" most people would allow to be wholesome enough; and it can never lack for material. But it has, I think, only a limited power; for the reason that recovery of freshness of vision is its only virtue. The word Mooreeffoc may cause you suddenly to realize that England is an utterly alien land, lost either in some remote past age glimpsed by history, or in some strange dim future to be reached only by a time-machine; to see the amazing oddity and interest of its inhabitants and their customs and feeding-habits; but it cannot do more than that: act as a time-telescope focused on one spot. Creative fantasy, because it is mainly trying to do something else (make something new), may open your hoard and let all the locked things fly away like cage-birds. The gems all turn into flowers or flames, and you will be warned that all you had (or knew) was dangerous and potent, not really effectively chained, free and wild; no more yours than they were you.
…There are profounder wishes: such as the desire to converse with other living things. On this desire, as ancient as the Fall, is largely founded the talking of beasts and creatures in fairy-tales, and especially the magical understanding of their proper speech. This is the root, and not the "confusion" attributed to the minds of men of the unrecorded past, an alleged "absence of the sense of separation of ourselves from beasts." A vivid sense of that separation is very ancient; but also a sense that it was a severance: a strange fate and a guilt lies on us. Other creatures are like other realms with which Man has broken off relations, and sees now only from the outside at a distance, being at war with them, or on the terms of an uneasy armistice. There are a few men who are privileged to travel abroad a little; others must be content with travellers' tales.
…And the point of the story lies not in thinking frogs possible mates, but in the necessity of keeping promises (even those with intolerable consequences) that, together with observing prohibitions, runs through all Fairyland. This is one of the notes of the horns of Elfland, and not a dim note.
…Fairy-stories are made by men not by fairies. The Human-stories of the elves are doubtless full of the Escape from Deathlessness. But our stories cannot be expected always to rise above our common level. They often do. Few lessons are taught more clearly in them than the burden of that kind of immortality, or rather endless serial living, to which the "fugitive" would fly. For the fairy-story is specially apt to teach such things, of old and still today. Death is the theme that most inspired George MacDonald.
…The consolation of fairy-stories, the joy of the happy ending: or more correctly of the good catastrophe, the sudden joyous "turn" (for there is no true end to any fairy-tale): this joy, which is one of the things which fairy-stories can produce supremely well, is not essentially "escapist," nor "fugitive." In its fairy-tale—or otherworld—setting, it is a sudden and miraculous grace: never to be counted on to recur. It does not deny the existence of dyscatastrophe, of sorrow and failure: the possibility of these is necessary to the joy of deliverance; it denies (in the face of much evidence, if you will) universal final defeat and in so far is evangelium, giving a fleeting glimpse of Joy, Joy beyond the walls of the world, poignant as grief.
…It is not difficult to imagine the peculiar excitement and joy that one would feel, if any specially beautiful fairy-story were found to be "primarily" true, its narrative to be history, without thereby necessarily losing the mythical or allegorical significance that it had possessed. It is not difficult, for one is not called upon to try and conceive anything of a quality unknown. The joy would have exactly the same quality, if not the same degree, as the joy which the "turn" in a fairy-story gives: such joy has the very taste of primary truth. (Otherwise its name would not be joy.) It looks forward (or backward: the direction in this regard is unimportant) to the Great Eucatastrophe. The Christian joy, the Gloria, is of the same kind; but it is preeminently (infinitely, if our capacity were not finite) high and joyous. But this story is supreme; and it is true. Art has been verified. God is the Lord, of angels, and of men—and of elves. Legend and History have met and fused.
But in God's kingdom the presence of the greatest does not depress the small. Redeemed Man is still man. Story, fantasy, still go on, and should go on. The Evangelium has not abrogated legends; it has hallowed them, especially the "happy ending." The Christian has still to work, with mind as well as body, to suffer, hope, and die; but he may now perceive that all his bents and faculties have a purpose, which can be redeemed. So great is the bounty with which he has been treated that he may now, perhaps, fairly dare to guess that in Fantasy he may actually assist in the effoliation and multiple enrichment of creation. All tales may come true; and yet, at the last, redeemed, they may be as like and as unlike the forms that we give them as Man, finally redeemed, will be like and unlike the fallen that we know.
…I was keenly alive to the beauty of "Real things," but it seemed to me quibbling to confuse this with the wonder of "Other things." I was eager to study Nature, actually more eager than I was to read most fairy- stories; but I did not want to be quibbled into Science and cheated out of Faerie by people who seemed to assume that by some kind of original sin I should prefer fairy-tales, but according to some kind of new religion I ought to be induced to like science. Nature is no doubt a life-study, or a study for eternity (for those so gifted); but there is a part of man which is not "Nature," and which therefore is not obliged to study it, and is, in fact, wholly unsatisfied by it.
What beauty saves the world?
Is it true, prince, that you once declared that 'beauty would save the world'? Great Heaven! The prince says that beauty saves the world! And I declare that he only has such playful ideas because he's in love! Gentlemen, the prince is in love. I guessed it the moment he came in. Don't blush, prince; you make me sorry for you. What beauty saves the world? Colia told me that you are a zealous Christian; is it so? Colia says you call yourself a Christian." The prince regarded him attentively, but said nothing.
From The Idiot by Fyodor Dostoyevsky.
the unimpeded movement of the most perfect impulse towards the most perfect object
From "Imagination and Thought in the Middle Ages" by C.S. Lewis, first delivered as a lecture in 1956, the piece was published posthumously in the 1966 collection of essays called Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Literature:
Go out on any starry night and walk alone for half an hour, resolutely assuming that pre-Copernican astronomy is true. Look up at the sky with that assumption in mind. The real difference between living in that universe and living in ours will, I predict, begin to dawn on you.
…You will be looking at a world unimaginably large but quite definitely finite. At no speed possible to man, in no lifetime possible to man, could you ever reach its frontier, but the frontier is there; hard, clear, sudden as a national frontier.
…We find (not now by analogy but in strictest fact) that in every sphere there is a rational creature called an Intelligence which is compelled to move, and therefore to keep his sphere moving, by his incessant desire for God.
…The motions of the universe are to be conceived not as those of a machine or even an army, but rather as a dance, a festival, a symphony, a ritual, a carnival, or all these in one. They are the unimpeded movement of the most perfect impulse towards the most perfect object.
He questioned softly why I failed
Poem by Emily Dickinson.
I died for beauty, but was scarce
Adjusted in the tomb,
When one who died for truth was lain
In an adjoining room.
He questioned softly why I failed?
"For beauty," I replied.
"And I for truth, — the two are one;
We brethren are," he said.
And so, as kinsmen met a night,
We talked between the rooms,
Until the moss had reached our lips,
And covered up our names.
united with the beauty we see
We want something else which can hardly be put into words—to be united with the beauty we see, to pass into it, to receive it into ourselves, to bathe in it, to become part of it. That is why we have peopled air and earth and water with gods and goddesses and nymphs and elves—that, though we cannot, yet these projections can, enjoy in themselves that beauty grace, and power of which Nature is the image. That is why the poets tell us such lovely falsehoods. They talk as if the west wind could really sweep into a human soul; but it can't. They tell us that "beauty born of murmuring sound" will pass into a human face; but it won't. Or not yet. For if we take the imagery of Scripture seriously, if we believe that God will one day give us the Morning Star and cause us to put on the splendor of the sun, then we may surmise that both the ancient myths and the modern poetry, so false as history, may be very near the truth as prophecy.
From "The Weight of Glory" by C.S. Lewis. (Preached originally as a sermon in the Church of St Mary the Virgin, Oxford, on June 8, 1942: published in THEOLOGY, November, 1941, and by the S.P.C.K, 1942.)
we are attracted to goodness first by its beauty
Two passages from C. S. Lewis as Philosopher: Truth, Goodness and Beauty:
The great classic triumvirate of Truth, Beauty and Goodness is a particularly apt framework for engaging C. S. Lewis and philosophy. These magnificent ideals are not only at the heart of the classic philosophical enterprise, the tradition into which Lewis was initiated in his Oxford philosophical training, but they are also of crucial significance in the Christian vision of reality he came to embrace.
From the essay "Introduction: Jack of the Philosophical Trade" by Jerry L. Walls (p. 17).
God has not left himself without witness in any of the three distinctively human, more-than-animal powers of the soul, the three aspects of the image of God in us: the mind, which knows and understands the good; the will, which chooses and enforces it; and the emotions, which love and appreciate it. This threefold structure of the soul is also the reason why so many great classics in our literature have three protagonists corresponding to these three psychological faculties and social functions: prophet, king and priest.
…The order of these three transcendentals of truth, goodness and beauty is ontologically founded. Truth is defined by Being, for truth is the effulgence of Being, the revelation of Being, the word of Being. Truth is not defined by consciousness, which conforms to Being in knowing it. Goodness is defined by truth, not by will, which is good only when it conforms to the truth of Being. And beauty is defined by goodness, objectively real goodness, not by subjective desire or pleasure or feeling or imagination, all of which should conform to it. However, the psychological order is the reverse of the ontological order. As we know Being through first sensing appearances, so we are attracted to goodness first by its beauty, we are attracted to truth by its goodness, and we are attracted to Being by its truth. But ontologically, truth depends on Being, goodness on truth, and beauty on goodness. Truth is knowing Being. Goodness is true goodness. And the most beautiful thing in the world is perfect goodness.
From the essay "Lewis's Philosophy of Truth, Goodness and Beauty" by Peter Kreeft (p. 24-25).
delight of the eye
Another passage from Wilken:
When speaking of how God is known early Christian thinkers favored the metaphor of seeing, not hearing. In his response to Celsus, Origen cites a series of biblical texts that have to do with seeing: "Blessed are the pure in spirit for they shall see God" (Matt. 5:8); "He who has seen me has seen the Father" (Jo. 14:9); and "Christ is the image of the invisible God" (Col. 1:15). From these he draws the conclusion that people come to know the "Father and maker of this universe by looking at the image of the invisible God." Beauty is the corollary of seeing. In the Scriptures many of the key terms used of God's self-disclosure, words such as glory, splendor, light, image, and face, have to do with the delight of the eye. When we speak of the pleasure the eye takes in what it sees the term that comes to mind is beauty. The psalmist wrote, "One thing have I asked of the Lord … that I will behold the beauty of the Lord" (Ps. 27:4).
As early as the second century the apologist Athenagoras of Athens included the term beauty in a list of words depicting God. The God we set before you, he says, is "encompassed by light, beauty, spirit, and indescribable power." In his commentary on the Song of Songs Origen wrote that the "soul is moved by heavenly love and longing when it beholds the beauty and the comeliness of the Word of God." God's revelation can be seen from the perspective of its ineffable beauty as well as of its truth and goodness." (p. 20)
This point is central to the thesis of Wilken's book (The Spirit of Early Christian Thought: Seeking the Face of God) and shows how the medieval triad of goodness, beauty and truth started to be understood as three modes of knowing God and his revelation.


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In the 6 years of its existence as an MLM company in Nigeria, over 100 millionaires, car awardees, house awardees, scholarship awardees, international trip qualifiers etc have emerged.
Using a system of determined mentorship, training and team building. Longrich has been able to create significant passive income for those of its partners globally.
Oh why are my people perishing for lack of knowledge?!!. In the days of my fathers only the strong survives, but in this 21st century, "ONLY the SMART SURVIVE". If you doubt me ask your smart phone........ 📞 +2348024645888 or link in bio.
Good morning Food Lovers!!! For me I will go for bread and and I can actually do 2 years or more!!!WHAT ABOUT YOU? Keep having a great TUESDAY!!!
As the white purifies my souls, the black and darkness disappears!
This exact fabrics and more still available for sale.
Thank you Chaz for everything. Hope you like it! .
I had so much fun making it. I'm getting better with my sew lines. I had my own sewing class in the comfort of my own home and #youtube ❤.
Thank You Father God for keeping me sane, still and motivated! .
When Jesus woke up, he rebuked the wind and said to the waves, "Silence! Be still!" Suddenly the wind stopped, and there was a great calm.
Explicit foods for a delicious experience 💃💃 Have you booked us for your event yet ?
The realest jewels aren't worn.
Thsts why you have to!🌱 .
Para que sirve el tubo flexible❓ ✅El tubo flexible es una pieza pequeña pero muy importante del sistema de escape. Asimila las vibraciones que transmite el tubo de escape colgante así como aquellas del motor que afectan al colector y al tubo bifurcado en Y. El tubo flexible es una pieza económica que se puede cambiar fácilmente.
Libérate de las vibraciones de tu escape.
we are budget friendly ❤❤ Have you booked us for your event yet ?
___________________________________________________ 👉 Tag Someone who needs to see this, Like & Comment your views.
👉 If you like our posts Follow @inspirationstation365 for daily fuel.
Hope your 💎EASTER HOLIDAY💎 spoke as much as the photo above... Hope it inspired you to become a better version of your..
Here is a picture of me awkwardly laughing. They say a child smiles at least 200 times in a day but a grown up only smiles for 20 times a day. I have seen that the energy always changes when we are around kids because they give out a positive vibe through their innocence. Even though we can't go back to being a child yet we can always try do some of these simple things like them. So why don't we just laugh and smile and create the positive environment for people?
"If you failed to witness and encourage the right talent in your organisation, then they will switch to other opportunities"
If the extra ordinary performers are not given special attention and treatment then either they slow down their performance or leave the organization.
Therefore, it is very important to encourage and give special rewards and recognition to such hardworking employees. .
If we don't do this this then we will lose the valuable assets of our organization. So empower and upgrade your hardworking employees.
For more such related thoughts and practices, do connect us @corporate_leadership .
A Glam morning to all our exceptional global influencers.
Body & Mind May Issue! .
A bubbling Morning to our distinguished global influencers .
We create success stories thriving and wining together at distinction city.
It's another Wonder Monday Morning to remember that you can handle anything this week throws at you.
Check my Instagram story for a poll question. I would really love your input!


VELCRO® Brand Stick On for Fabrics Ovals are a great way to attach hook and loop fasteners to fabric without sewing, ironing or using messy glues. Simply peel and stick to create a permanent bond with fabric or clothing. This pack contains eight sets of white self-adhesive ovals that work as a durable clothing fastener that can be washed hundreds of times - ideal for a range of DIY projects including making .


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Mededeelingen uit 's Lands Plantentuin, (abreviado Meded. Lands Plantentuin), fue una revista con ilustraciones y descripciones botánicas que fue editada en Indonesia. Se publicaron 75 números desde el año 1884 hasta 1904.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Descripción en IPNI

Revistas de botánica

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


To convert a CPI file properly you must have the accompanying MTS file. The CPI file contains only specific metadata about the MTS file; no actual video footage is stored here. It stores data about the MTS video's aspect ratio and frame rate. Properly converting a video shot on a AVCHD camcorder requires both the MTS and the CPI.
CPI files come from newer digital camcorders.
Buy MTS Converter for Mac (mts-converter-mac.com) if you are dealing with CPI and MTS files regularly. Apple's iMovie software doesn't automatically support this video format, so you must first convert the video and clip information files into a supported format, such as MOV, MP4 or MPEG. The MTS Converter for Mac application also handles a dozen more video formats. The program costs $35 as of December 2011.
Use MTS Converter by Aiseesoft (aiseesoft.com/mts-converter.html) to convert your MTS video and accompanying CPI files to AVI, 3GP, WMV or FLV format on the Windows operating platform. It also supports formats compatible with Mac OS X computers. In addition to converting videos you can edit them before or after conversion. The software costs $35 as of December 2011, but you'll need to buy the version that works on your operating system.
Download Free MTS Converter for Windows computers from the Top Seven Reviews website (topsevenreviews.com). The software supports conversion from MTS and MTS2 formats to AVI, MP4 and WMV. You are able to adjust the output settings, such as frame rate, resolution, video and audio encoder codecs. Free MTS Converter is a good choice if you need only a few MTS and CPI files converted to a more widely used video format.


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Gov. Cuomo: Record number of fake IDs, underage drinking citations in 2019
NEW YORK STATE (WSYR-TV) — Governor Andrew Cuomo said that a record number of fake IDs were seized and a record number of underage drinking citations were issued in 2019.
Cuomo said that more than 1,100 charges were issued to stores selling alcohol to minors. He also said that just over 900 fake IDs were found across the state.
In Central New York, 213 citations were issued and just over 130 fake IDs were taken.
The state hopes its push to crack down on illegal drinking will help educate young New Yorkers and prevent avoidable tragedies on the road.
More from NewsChannel 9:
News On The Go: Morning Edition 1/21/21
Money In Your Pocket: Warning signs when hiring a financial advisor 1/21/21
Champions 1/21/21
The List: 5 Lesser-Known Facts About Ben Franklin 1/21/21
TechBytes 1/21/21
For more local news, follow NewsChannel 9 on Twitter @NewsChannel9
Multiple fire crews battle overnight blaze in East Syracuse
EAST SYRACUSE, N.Y. (WSYR-TV) -- Several fire crews rushed to Upstate Thermo King, a trucking storage facility on Collamer Road in East Syracuse, around 1 a.m. Thursday. No one was inside the building at the time.
This is a developing story. NewsChannel 9 has reached out for more information and will keep you updated.
Syracuse Mayor Walsh to deliver 2021 State of the City Thursday
SYRACUSE, N.Y. (WSYR-TV) -- City of Syracuse Mayor Ben Walsh will deliver his 2021 State of the City Thursday night at 7 p.m. from the Salt City Market virtually.
Walsh chose the Salt City Market for his address because he says it embodies the vision he has for the city.
WATCH: More lake effect snow for some
SYRACUSE, NY (WSYR-TV)-

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Winner of the 'If I Had 100 Dollars' Contest. I can see from this post that Marian L. Thorpe was incredibly passionate about her charity and that this charity Indspire will help many Canadian Indigenous peoples gain a better education and become strong leaders of their communities.
Thank you, Marian for your participation in this contest and I look forward to reading more of your works in the future.
I've written a fair bit on my other blog, Two Simple Lives, about how books and stories shaped my view of the world. As with most children, I was drawn to those books that mirrored my own family, solidifying my sense of cultural heritage, helping me understand and relate to my grandparents and parents who would always be a little out of place in the land to which they'd emigrated…and finally allowing me, as an adult, the cultural fluidity to move easily between two countries.
All right, I'll give you all a second chance. I will not end the contest today. The new end date is on MARCH 5/2016. That is a Saturday, by the way. Hopefully this time I'll have at least someone enter.
The end date for this will be March 7TH, 2016.
I will either reblog or post the charity winners on my site on MAR 7th, 2016.
I will print screen the completed transactions of the donations to my blog by MAR 7th, 2016.
Two Gifts To My Followers Starting Wednesday!
So… I've surpassed my goal for this blog about a day ago….
Seven months ago when I started this blog and my journey to self-publish my book series I had in mind that I knew I was doing something right if I could reach 450 followers.
Well people, it's happened. It took me seven months but today officially puts me at 451 followers and I'm gosh darn toodly doodly that I have to give something back to you all for your awesome support over these months. Now, how will I be giving back?
The first way I'll be giving back is tomorrow's WWW post.
The second way I want to show my thanks for your support actually involves a little more work from you- bare with me while I explain.
The whole point in writing this book – heck this series – was to help people. This whole project started with me, but you all have been their for the ride and I want you all to feel like you're involved in making things happen.
What I want to do is donate 200 dollars to charity. This isn't book money… since my first book is being offered for free… but money out of my own pocket. I just want to help others and with a growing community like mine I want everyone here to be able to have a chance to make a difference.
What I want to do is give the money to two charities. That means 100 dollars to each charity. There are a lot of charities out there and so this is where I hopefully get you all involved in this adventure.
Forward this to people you think may want to take part. The more entries the better.


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Culture & Denomination
Gayes Funeral Services
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Arrange a Funeral
Pre-Planning a Funeral
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A Living Grief
Looking After Yourself
Earl A. Grollman
Grief is a natural response to loss. Each one of us, however, may experience it quite differently. Grief is a painful process with thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that may be difficult for us to understand. Family and friends of the deceased may experience a range of emotions and behaviours including denial, fear, anger, guilt, lack of sleep and low self-esteem.
Bereavement describes the period after the death of a loved one. It's a time in which we learn to live without them, and when we struggle to adjust to a new situation. There is no time limit to this process but the following may influence the length of our bereavement:
Was the death sudden or unexpected? Was death preceded by a long illness? What was your relationship with the deceased? What has been your previous experience with grief? How did you cope? What support systems are available? (family, friends, community, church, counselling)
Copyright © 2019 Finney Funeral Services Privacy & Social Media Policy Disclaimer Service Delivery
at+m Digital


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Feed Criteria
Challenge Duration
The F3 (Future of Fish Feed) is a collaboration among NGOs, scientists, and private partners to accelerate the commercialization of alternative ingredients to replace the use of wild-caught fish in aquaculture feed.
UPDATE: Due to the fast-changing situation with COVID-19, the F3 Team has made the decision to extend the registration period for the F3 Challenge - Carnivore Edition. Companies may continue to register until a new deadline is announced. A new contest timeline and dates for informational webinars will be shared at that time.
About Aquaculture Feed
Fish farming, or aquaculture, now provides more than half of the world's seafood. The world's population is expected to reach 9.6 billion people by 2050 and aquaculture-raised seafood, one of the fastest growing food sectors in the world today, is expected to fill in the supply-demand gap for high-quality, easily digested protein sources (FAO 2018). Aquaculture consumes 70% of total fishmeal production and 73% of total fish oil production (Rabobank 2017).
Oily "forage fish" like sardines, anchovies and menhaden are currently harvested from the wild and used as a component in feed for farmed-raised fish. Fishmeal and fish oil provide the protein and essential fatty acids such as DHA, EPA and ARA that are critical nutrients for aquaculture. The industry has improved efficiency and produces more seafood from the fishmeal and fish oil used, but it still takes roughly half a kilogram of fishmeal to produce one kilogram of salmon (IFFO). A recent study found that if 'business as usual' continues, forage fisheries will reach ecological limits by 2037—in 18 years. (Nature Sustainability June 2018).
The long-term availability of fishmeal and fish oil presents major supply chain bottlenecks for aquaculture.The industry is projected to contract when wild-caught supplies diminish in 2030 without the availability of alternative ingredient supplies (World Bank 2013). Forage fish are also crucial food for other commercial fisheries like cod, salmon, tuna, as well as marine mammals like whales, dolphins, seals and seabirds (Science2011). If these wild fish populations at the center of the food chain disappear, so will the life that depends on.
A survey of U.S. residents by Cargill found that 72% of American consumers believe seafood is important to their health and nutrition, and 88% of those same consumers are willing to pay more for seafood that is certified as sustainably and responsibly sourced. (Undercurrent News Aug. 17, 2017).
The F3 Challenge
The F3 team has launched two X-prize style contests related to innovation in fish-free aquaculture feed. The first contest, F3 (Fish-Free Feed) Challenge, was to innovate and sell the most "Fish Free Feed" in a global competition. One of China's largest aquaculture and feed producers, Guangdong Evergreen Feed Industry Company, was awarded the $200,100 prize in Oct. 2017 for selling over 85,000 metric tons of fish-free fish feed. In total, over 120,000 metric tons of fish-free feed was sold by the global participants of the F3 (Fish-Free Feed) Challenge during the 16-month contest, which is estimated to have saved over 120 million forage fish from being used as fish feed.
The second, currently on-going, contest, F3 Fish Oil Challenge, will award a $100,000+ prize to the contestant who develops and sells the most "fish-free" fish oil. The challenge is intended to accelerate innovation in alternatives to fish oil without the use of marine animal ingredients that can be scaled up for their widespread use in aquaculture operations. The contest will run from Nov. 30, 2018 to Sept. 15, 2019.
The global fish oil market is projected to reach over $4 billion by 2020, and the rapidly expanding growing global aquaculture industry is the greatest source of demand for fish oil. Demand for fish oil as an ingredient in dietary supplements and pet food is also on the rise (GrandView Research 2016). The market for fishmeal and fish oil substitutes is large and presents a great market opportunity for enterprising companies, while promoting ocean sustainability.
F3 Challenge – Carnivore Edition Press Releases
F3 Challenge Heats Up with US$300,000 in Prizes
Registration is open, contestants can begin recording sales towards prize with qualifying feed submission
F3 Challenge Prize Money Doubles
[Chinese Translation]
F3 Challenge Webinars Announced
Interested parties can join the online discussion to learn more
F3 Challenge Launches Carnivore Competition
Sales contest will award $35K prizes for salmonids, shrimp, other carnivorous species
Statement by Kevin Fitzsimmons, professor at the University of Arizona and judge and chair of the F3 Challenge
Feed Innovation Network
The Feed Innovation Network (FIN) brings together aquafeed buyers and sellers, fish farmers, innovators and scientists to advance the development and adoption of alternative fish-free ingredients by the aquaculture industry. FIN is a project of the (F3) Future of Fish Feed.
FIN supports the innovation and widespread adoption of alternative fish-free feed ingredients by:
Connecting ingredient suppliers, aquafeed buyers, and fish farmers and providing information on experimental protocols, testing facilities and promising new ingredients
Accelerating research and innovation in the scaling up of sustainable ingredients to feed our planet.
Providing aquaculture industry professionals access to experts in fish nutrition, aquaculture science, seafood sustainability standards, and invitations to special meetings and other forums for knowledge exchange.
FIN's free database includes (1) a list of suppliers of non-marine animal ingredients such as soy, crickets, black soldier fly, pea, yeast and algae; (2) a list of fish-free feed producers and sellers globally; (3) a list of facilities available to evaluate feed ingredients for a variety of indicators such as palatability, digestibility and growth; (4) a list of tested feed formulas, or recipes, and their results; (5) standard research protocols for testing new feed ingredients and diet formulations.
FIN's algae database includes over 130 algae suppliers and nutrient profiles on 88 species that can be readily used as fish oil substitutes in feed production.
Aquaculture feeds formulated with more sustainable ingredients must retain the nutritional and physical characteristics of the ingredients they have replaced.
FIN shares experimental protocols to test ingredient performance on fish physiology and overall health to assist both ingredient suppliers to successfully market their products to aquafeed companies and for aquafeed companies to consider adopting new ingredients into their feed.
For related F3 news see https://carnivore.f3challenge.org/news/
F3 Media Contact:
Annie Reisewitz
Email: annie@healthyocean.com
F3 Newsletters & Updates
2019-09-01 Update – September 2019
2019-03-01 Volume 4 – March 2019
2018-07-01 Volume 3 – July 2018
2018-01-01 Volume 2 – January 2018
2017-10-01 Volume 1 – October 2017
Copyright © 2021 F3 Future of Fish Feed. All rights reserved.
Star Milling
Media Contact Name
Paul Cramer, Vice President
paul_cramer@starmilling.com
Please provide a short description of your company.
Family owned and operated full line Pet, Animal and Aquaculture feeds.
Are you looking for partners to join your company to compete as a team in the Challenge?
Please provide a brief description of your current partners.
A 128+-year old company with more than 4 billion in sales, Scoular provides diverse supply chain solutions for end-users and suppliers of grain, feed ingredients, and food ingredients. Scoular is providing Barley Protein Concentrate (i.e. BPC) as an ingredient in Star Milling's F3 feed. BPC is the result of a unique enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain a high-quality, highly digestible nutrient dense protein source. The patented process for obtaining BPCs is designed to protect the protein from heat damage as well as remove fiber and allow the naturally occurring phosphorus to be highly bio-available for nutrient uptake. The ideal levels of protein and low ash make this a complimentary supplement to fish meal in aquaculture and pet food diets.
What year was your company founded?
Approximately how many people are employed by your company?
In what country is your company headquartered?
What types of products does your company currently produce?
Manufacturer of Full line Pet and Animal including Aquaculture feeds
In what countries does your company currently distribute its products?
Most Pacific Rim countries, U.S. Territory and Mexico
How does this challenge fit with your company's mission/goals?
Manufacturer of sustainable Aquaculture diets
The Scoular Company
Melissa Matczak, Sr Manager, Corporate Communications
MMatczak@scoular.com
A 128+-year old company with more than 4 billion in sales, Scoular provides diverse supply chain solutions for end-users and suppliers of grain, feed ingredients, and food ingredients.
From offices and facilities in North America, South America, and Asia, our employees are engaged in the business of buying, selling, storing, handling, and processing grain and ingredients as well as managing transportation and logistics worldwide.
Please provide any details you would like to share about the product that you are developing for the Challenge.
Barley Protein Concentrate (i.e. BPC) is the result of a unique enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain a high-quality, highly digestible nutrient dense protein source. The patented process for obtaining Barley Protein Concentrates is designed to protect the protein from heat damage as well as remove fiber and allow the naturally occurring phosphorus to be highly bio-available for nutrient uptake. The ideal levels of protein and low ash make this a complimentary supplement to fish meal in aquaculture and pet food diets.
➢ BPC based feeds are palatable, with equivalent or better growth than fishmeal based diets.
➢ Barley protein is highly digestible. USDA studies in trout and salmon show the protein availability is up to 96%, higher than other plant
proteins and equivalent to or greater than fishmeal.
➢ BPC does not contain anti-nutritional compounds, unlike soy and some other plant proteins
➢ The phosphorus in BPC is highly digestible, reducing the principal pollutant from farmed fish operations
➢ BPC improves waste management, especially in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems
➢ BPC does not change fish meat color or taste
➢ BPC is stable in storage and transport
➢ BPC performs well in manufacture of finished pelleted feeds
➢ BPC supports aquaculture sustainability ratings and best aquaculture practices: Barley is not genetically modified, does not compete
with human food (Scoular uses feed barley now fed primarily to livestock), and is a sustainable, low input crop grown in dry land, cold
climates and requires less fertilizer, few pesticides, and less water than other grains.
Are you looking for product development partners, sales partners, or both?
Along with Scoular's production of Barley Protein Concentrate and engagement in the business of buying, selling, storing, handling, and processing grain and ingredients as well as managing transportation and logistics worldwide, Scoular subsidiary, Petsource develops, procures, freeze-dries and packages high-protein ingredients for pet food manufacturers.
World-wide/Globally
What is the approximate annual revenue of your company in USD?
$5 billion
Empagran
Øyvind Ihle, Global Marketing & Communications Director
oyvind.Ihle@veramaris.com
Empagran is an integrated aquaculture company with 3000 ha of shrimp ponds in Ecuador, a packing plant, hatchery and feed mill. Empagran mainly grows white shrimp Litopenaues vannamei. The main share holder also owns a large percentage of shares of Oceanos shrimp farm (1100 ha) in Cartagena Colombia.
Empagran has developed a formula "veggie" a vegetarian recipe to feed to shrimp. This feed has being formulated without any fish meal or fish oil. The fish meal has being completed replaced by soybean meal and the fish oil has been replaced by Veramaris algal oil rich in both EPA & DHA omega 3 fatty acids. Our intention is to grow sustainable shrimp and in the very near future to be independent of both fish meal and fish oil as source of protein and EPA and DHA omega 3.
Veramaris expands the world's access to sustainable Omega-3 with its natural algal oil rich in both EPA & DHA omega-3 fatty acids. It enables customers and stakeholders in aquaculture to become less dependent on finite and variable sources of fish oil obtained from wild catch fisheries. Veramaris' ambition is to make an impactful contribution to UN's Sustainable Development Goal # 14, "Life Under Water", with our mission Healthy Fish, Healthy Food, Healthy Oceans. Veramaris sells its natural algal oil products globally into the aquaculture sector across USA, Europe, Latin America, and Asia.
Empagran: 1506, ABA feed mill: 155
Our farms mainly grow shrimp, of different sizes for different markets, our feed mill (ABA) manufactures the feed. 90% of feed is for shrimp the remainder for Tilapia and companion animals.
Ecuador, Colombia, and Panama
Do you have an environmental statement/mission that your company wants to make explicit?
Our intention is to grow sustainable shrimp and in the very near future to be independent of both fish meal and fish oil as source of protein and EPA and DHA omega 3.
Our intention is to grow sustainable shrimp and in the very near future to be independent of both fish meal and fish oil as source of protein, EPA and DHA omega 3 fatty acids for today and for future generations.
BGreen Technologies
Ramachandran Parapillil Unnikrishnan, Lead Partner
ask@bgreen.co.in
BGreen Technologies is a young startup based out of India, Our objective is to make Feed / Medicines / Pro-Bio/biotechnology products cost-effective in development & manufacturing, truly compliant with international standards in products and in the facility.
Cost-effective Agro & probiotic supplement substitution for crude fish protein /meal and fish oil
Value Added Services & Process development
The Earth & Food is for all
Cost-Effectiveness in finding alternate technology and products
Remediiate
Sheila White, Media Coordinator
swhite@remediiate.com
We grow microalgae at scale
We are experts in growing microalgae. We are not experts in the formulation of feed
Multiple species of micoalgae
Clean the Planet | Feed the World
Provision of fish feed without harming the eco system
Jiangsu Fuhai Biotech Co.,Ltd.
Zhijun Hu, CEO
melbgeog@gmail.com
Jiangsu Fuhai Biotech Co.,Ltd. were founded in Haian, Jiangsu, China in 2015, close to Nantong and Shanghai Port. The company were awarded as a "Leading Agricultural Enterprise in Haian" in 2019.
Innovation is our soul. We have a team specialized in fermentation, food industry, machinery, and animal nutrition. We applied six related invention patents to 2019. Also we have a long-term cooperation with some domestic and international research institutions or universities. Our laboratory has some equipment for research and analysis, such as Automatic Nitrogen Determination Apparatus, Electric Drum Wind Drying Oven, Vertical Pressure Steam Tank, Biochemical Incubator, Double Vertical Electrophoresis Apparatus, Microscope, etc.
We have assembled a production line with three liquid fermentation tanks. Potentially we can supply about 500,000 tones enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation plant protein annually in the future. Our production and quality control system are according to ISO9001:2015 and other standards for feed quality and safety management.
We are committed to provide high quality protein and lipid for aquaculture and young live stocks, to add value to the industry.
We use dehulled full fat soybean as raw material. All the material will be fermented in tanks by microbes and enzymes. The temperature and PH are under control so the quality is stable.
Glycinin, Beta-Conglycinin, Stachyose, Raffinose, Phytic acid are almost degraded entirely, which are harmful to gut health and microbial balance. We get rid of nearly all of the anti-nutrition factors as possible.
Most of the protein are degraded to peptide which is very easy to digest, and maybe helpful to improve immunity. The lipids are emulsified which is very good for digesting.
Protein and lipid are two key nutrition elements for aquaculture. So our product can be an ideal ingredient for aquaculture, and young live stocks. Soybean is a big crop so our production is sustainable and can expand easily to meet the needs of the industry.
Fermented and enzymolysis full fat soybean, high content of peptide and emulsified lipid, without anti-nutritional factors.
Now China. We are registering in some countries and communicating with some distributors internationally. We are happy to work with more distribution or sales partners worldwide. We should be able to distribute overseas from 2020.
Plant feed can save animals and fish.
The Challenge suits us perfectly.
Chapul Farms
Patrick Crowley, CEO
pat@chapul.com
We farm insects and formulate functional protein food and feed lines of insect-based ingredients.
Our feed is formulated with black soldier fly larvae as the primary protein source.
Protein blends, whole dried larvae, protein isolate, lipid oils.
Mission: Add biodiversity back into our agriculture, our soil, and planet earth to create a more sustainable, resilient, and secure food system.
We have been members of 1% For the Planet since 2012.
We are scaling our soldier fly larvae farm here in the USA, raising the larvae on agricultural by-products, primarily to feed into salmonid aquaculture. Reducing our dependence on FMFO is a core element of our business model.
Thank you for your interest in supporting the Challenge! All funds received will be added to the Challenge prize and awarded to the winner.
Note that the Paypal Donate button may not work in all countries. If you experience any issues, or would like more information about other donation options, including wire transfers, please contact our team.
– F3 Team
Newsletter Sign Up Form
How did you hear about the Challenge?*
F3 Challenge - Carnivore Edition Registration Form
Complete this form to register for the Challenge.
Dear Registrant,
We assume that you are an innovator, may be in various stages of product development, and may require months before your F3 Feed is market-ready. By registering for the Challenge, you are only indicating the intent of your organization to participate. We designed the Challenge timeline to correspond to the product development process of a typical company:
1. Registration for the Challenge is open for 8 months to allow time for approvals within larger companies.
2. A product sample is not due until November 30, 2020 (14 months after registration opens) to allow time for product development to occur. We also assume that it will take time to develop partnerships and collaborations to compete, so this date is also the deadline for partnership announcements.
3. Product sales reporting will begin January 2021 and end September 2021 to allow time for scaling of production and training of distribution channels. Effective October 1, 2020, participants may begin recording sales towards their Sales Totals for the competition as long as they have submitted a qualifying feed sample prior to recording sales.
These dates are subject to change due to Covid-19. We will update the Challenge timeline in due course.
By registering, you agree to abide by the contest rules here. If at any time you decline to proceed to the next phase, we will assume you have decided to drop participation. There is no penalty for not continuing (other than losing out on guts and glory) but please notify us by sending an email to f3fishfreefeed@gmail.com.
If you have any questions about registration, please do not hesitate to contact us.
The following fields must be completed as part of your registration.
Company Website*
Please add the following contact information for the primary contact person at your company.
Work Address (for mailing purposes)*
Work Phone Number*
Cell Phone Number*
Note that by participating, you implicitly assent to mention of your company's participation in the Challenge. Please provide the following contact information for the person at your company that can respond to Challenge-related media inquiries. If you are in partnership with other companies, only one media contact is required.
Media Contact Name*
Are you registering in partnership with other companies for development and/or sales purposes?*
Note that we allow for time to register partnerships with other companies participating in the challenge. Please send the following information for each partner to f3fishfreefeed@gmail.com before 11:59:59 p.m. PT on November 30, 2020:
(1) the name of company and website
(2) the name, title, address, work phone number, mobile phone number, and email address of the contact person at the company, and include
(3) a brief description of the partnership
(4) a description of the partner company's sales territory
Which Award Category (or Categories) do you intend to submit feed(s) for: Salmonids, Shrimp, or Other Carnivorous Species? If Other Carnivorous Species, please also specify the species as it must be approved by the Challenge Judges.*
The following fields are optional to complete. Any provided information will be posted on your team's profile page. Note that this information is helpful for publicity.
Would you like your partnership interests to be published on your profile page?
Please review the contest rules here.
I understand that the feed(s) to be submitted for the challenge cannot contain any ingredients consisting of or derived from marine animals, including but not limited to, fish, squid, shrimp, or krill.
I have read the Challenge Rules and agree to abide by them.


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Religious Structures of Woodward Avenue
Thematic Resource
Judge Augustus Woodward, in the first decade of the Nineteenth Century, borrowed innovative concepts of French urban planning from Pierre L'Enfant whom Thomas Jefferson had recruited to design the nation's capital. Woodward called for radial axes to travel outward from the center of Detroit. The major one of these would become the city's most prominent and prestigious thoroughfare. Not surprising, Woodward, in 1805, named it Woodward. The other major radials from Judge Woodward's plan are East and West Jefferson named for the president; Gratiot named for the man who served as Quartermaster General during the War of 1812; Michigan and Grand River.
Before the Civil War, Woodward became the most important place for the location of a religious building. When congregations became prosperous enough to built an appropriately inspiring structure signifying their importance in the community, they often selected Woodward as their location. The National Register of Historic Places designated 22 religious buildings on or near Woodward as a Thematic Resource.
In 1936, the City of Detroit widened Woodward Avenue to eight traffic lanes. For religious buildings located between Grand Circus Park and the Cultural Center, it was necessary to either move them back from Woodward or remove some of the structure that faced Woodward. Most of these structures now appear somewhat different from what the architect originally designed.
The Religious Structures of Woodward Avenue are listed below, along with their address, the date of construction and the architect. Quite a few of the religious structures have changed names or denominations thus several names are listed for some of these structures.
Cathedral Church of St. Paul — 4800 Woodward at Hancock, 1913, Ralph Adam Cram, English Gothic
Catherdal of the Most Blessed Sacrament — 9844-9854 Woodward, 1919, Henry Walsh, Neo Gothic
Central United Methodist — 23 East Adams at Woodward, 1867, Gordon Lloyd, Gothic Revival
Central Woodward Christian/Little Rock Baptist — 9000 Woodward, 1928, George Mason and Co., Modern Gothic
First Baptist Church of Detroit/ People's Community Church — 8501 Woodward at Pingree, 1910, Guy J. Vinton, Gothic
First Congregational Church — 33 Forest at Woodward, 1891. John Faxon, Richardsonian Romanesque.
First Presbyterian Church/Ecumenical Theological Seminary — 2930 Woodward, 1889, George Mason and Zachariah Rice, Richardsonian Romanesque.
First Unitarian Church/Resurrection Promise Church — 2870 Woodward at Edmund Place, 1890, John Donaldson and Henry J. Meier, Richardsonain Romanesque.
First United Methodist Church/Soul Harvest Ministries — 16300 Woodward at Church, Highland Park. 1917. William N. Hunter, Arts and Crafts Gothic/
Grace Evangelical Lutheran Church/Prayer Temple of Love — 12375 Woodward, Highland Park, 1929, J. Adam Fichter, Neo Gothic
Highland Park Presbyterian/Park United Presbyterian — 14 Cortland at Woodward, Highland Park, 1911, Sidney Badgley and William Nicklas, Tudor Gothic.
Mariner's Church — East Jefferson at Randolph ( originally located at the intersection of East Jefferson and Woodward) 1849, Calvin N. Otis, Perpendicular Gothic.
Metropolitan United Methodist — 8000 Woodward at Philadelphia, 1926, William N. E. Hunter, English Gothic
North Woodward Avenue Congregational Church/St. John's Christian Methodist Church — 8715 Woodward at Blaine, 1911, Hugh B. Clement, Neo-Gothic
St. John's Episcopal Church — 2326 Woodward at the Fisher Freeway, 1861; Albert and Octavius Jordan, Victorian Gothic
St. Joseph's Episcopal Church/ Our Lady of the Rosary Roman Catholic Church — 5930 Woodward at the Edsel Ford Expressway, 1896, William Malcomson and William Higginbotham, Ricardsonian Romanesque.
St. Joseph's Episcopal Church/St. Matthew-St. Joseph's Episcopal Church — 8850 Woodward at Holbrook, 1926, James Nettleton, English Gothic
Temple Beth-El/Bonstelle Theater — 3424 Woodward, 1902, George Mason and Albert Kahn, Beaux Arts Classical
Temple Beth El/Lighthouse Cathedral 8801 Woodward at Gladstone, 1926, Albert Kahn, Classical
Trinity United Methodist Church/New Mount Mariah Baptist Church — 13100 Woodward at Buena Vista, Highland Park, 1923 George Mason, Neo Gothic
Woodward Avenue Presbyterian — 8601 Woodward at Blaine, 1911, Sidney Badgley, Gothic Revival
Two churches formerly included in the Religious Structure of Woodward Avenue Thematic Resource were razed:
There are two other churches that merit consideration for this Thematic Resource. Catholics in Detroit began to build St. Patrick's Church at the corner of John R and Adelaide in 1860 with Octavius Jordan and Anderson as architects. The church was completed in 1862 and then expanded and remodeled in 1871 so that it would seat 1,200. This structure was only one block from Woodward in Brush Park. In 1973, this church was closed and St. Patrick's parish moved into the former Chapel of St. Theresa nearby on Parsons Street. In May, 1993 the abandoned St. Patrick's church burned to the ground.
The Victorian Gothic Woodward Avenue Baptist Church at 2464 Woodward at the intersection with Winder opened on January 19, 1887. It was designed by Detroit architect
Mortimer Smith. It was razed in 1996.
Updated: August, 2011
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Participate in the development and implementation of business strategies for the catering area that are aligned with the hotel's overall mission, vision, values and strategies.
Implement strategies for the kitchen that support achievement of the catering department's goals.
Create an environment for employees aligned with the culture through constant communication and reinforcement.
Communicate and reinforce the service vision of the hotel to employees.
Create luxury for the senses by managing the food preparation for a fine restaurant catering experience.
Work with Executive Chef to develop the catering menu.
Supervise the daily set-up for the menu; anticipate business volume and stock work areas accordingly.
Ensure unused food is stored properly to minimize waste and maximize quality.
Anticipate business volume by consulting with catering director and banquet manager daily and to coordinate service.
Prepare reports summarizing catering profitability, customer satisfaction, etc.
Build strong relationships: Foster trust and cooperation among coworkers, customers and suppliers. Develop and sustain personal contact in order to provide mutual benefit.
Planning: Skillfully in determine whether tasks should be attempted, identifying the most effective way of completing the task and preparing to overcome expected difficulties.


text:
Summary Story
A Short Summary of the Crucible by Arthur Miller
The Crucible Summaries
Disclaimer: This work has been donated by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Essay Writing Service.
It begins in Salem with a ten-year-old girl in a coma. She is the daughter of Reverend Samuel Parris. The reverend caught girls dancing in what looked like a ritual the previous night but on questioning one of them, his niece Abigail, she revealed that it was just a dance. Abigail warns the other girls against admitting anything even though they were trying to conjure a curse. Proctor, confronts Abigail and they argue since they had an affair and Abigail was still in love with him. Betty screams, and the reverend is called after residents gather. Reverend examines her and questions Abigail again. He then interrogates Tituba who makes a false confession about the devil bewitching her and other town members. Abigail and Betty names residents of the town who were witches. They are arrested and are to face trial.
Betty and Abigail have accused more than 40 residents. Alone with Proctor, Abigail reveals to him that none of the accusations were true. John is reluctant to inform the court even though his wife Elizabeth had been named and after she tries to convince him to do so. This was to prevent the details of the affair from coming out. Mary
He later agrees to tell the truth through Mary in court. After Mary reveals this the girls accuse her of bewitching them and start screaming, saying that Mary's spirit was attacking them. Mary denounces her allegations to avoid being hanged and instead accuses Proctor of being under the influence of the devil. John is arrested. The reverend denounces the proceedings.
Three months later, Abigail, steals all of the Reverend's money and runs away. The accused witches are asked to make falsely confess to save their lives, but they refuse. All the accused are hanged to death.
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Many tech startups started with a luxury product but this is not an easy road at all, especially when it comes to wearables. The WiseWear Kingston bracelet has created some buzz earlier this year with its beautiful bracelets targeting your women.
The question is how the product can differentiate itself from the crowded world of wearables. Let's check out its offerings.
Unlike most other wearables on the market, the WiseWear Kingston doesn't have a display. This might be a disadvantage for many users but many will appreciate this because the product looks more like a fine piece of jewelry now. Even when you upgrade your Apple Watch with some luxurious traps, it still can't have the same look.
Essentially, the Kingston is an activity tracker but it looks a lot more attractive than the Fitbit Charge 2 that I'm using. Sometimes I feel the Fitbit is more like a rubber band around my wrist. If you're a lady, the WiseWear obviously could catch more attention. The bracelet is available in 3 colors including silver, rose gold, and gold. My unit is made in the USA and uses 18K gold-plated grass.
The bracelet is not waterproof; it features an IP55 for water resistance which is good enough for everyday usages. Just make sure you don't swim or take a bath with it.
One of the most important features of the bracelet is safety alarm. After you set up an emergency contact in the app, you will be able to trigger the alarm using the bracelet. With just a few taps, the bracelet will send an SMS from your phone to the emergency contact; the distress message will also include your location.
The bracelet will also vibrate when you receive an incoming phone call or message. However, you won't be able to see any information on the bracelet itself.
In terms of activity tracking, the WiseWear is nowhere near its competitions. The functionalities are very limited and you won't be able to see real-time stats. This is quite disappointing since you can't tell if the step counter is accurate. Besides, I also don't want to wear the heavy bracelet during workouts, it doesn't stay tight and fit like other activity trackers.
The real problem is that after I connected my phone to another activity tracker, the WiseWear rejects pairing to my phone. Now I can't get the bracelet to work again, so it is useless for me.
The bracelets in the Socialite Collection have a price tag of $295 and more. It's so difficult to justify the price, especially when comparing it to other smartwatches. Therefore, I can't recommend the product at the moment.