text:
Funeral Webcasting 2.0: Tribucasting® and the Future of Live-Streaming Funeral Technology
by TribuCast® | Feb 16, 2019 | TribuCast® News | 0 comments
Ninety percent of funeral or memorial services held today have close family and friends who are unable to attend. We sat down with TribuCast® co-founder Bruce Likly to discuss his thoughts on the changing funeral landscape, the inspiration behind TribuCast's patent-pending remote attendance software, and the future of live-streaming funeral technology.
When did your first become interested in funeral and memorial webcasting? What did you initially consider the pros and cons of funeral live streaming?
LIVECLOUDTV™, the parent company of TribuCast®, started looking into funeral and memorial webcasting in late 2016. We were searching for ways to use our patent-pending, live-streaming technology to help people attend events remotely when they couldn't be there in person. After an in-depth analysis, we determined that being able to attend a funeral remotely, through a memorial webcast, would probably have a significant impact on people's lives. It's one of those things we most often feel guilty for not attending.
What made the webcasting of funerals so compelling?
I think it's because people know they can always say congratulations at some point in the future when something good happens, such as a wedding or graduation or bar/bat mitzvah. And that's not really the case with a funeral. Sharing grief, offering condolences and saying good-bye feels most heartfelt and effective in the moment, when grief has its tightest grip. We wanted to create the opportunity for a sensitive, private funeral broadcast that truly pays tribute to the lost loved one and does so in real time.
How did people initially respond to the idea of funeral livestreaming?
Like us, many people thought that webcasting or livestreaming memorials and funerals made perfect sense, except for one problem: webcasting such a personal, somber event could make people feel uncomfortable or feel inappropriate. As we tested and explored the power of our technology, we realized these initial impressions were correct: funeral livestreaming and memorial webcasting IS uncomfortable, especially if the memorial is live streamed with no additional context. That's why we created TribuCast®: we wanted our solution to function as more than just a funeral webcast. TribuCast® allows families to curate materials – family photos, anecdotes, memorabilia – to give viewers a meaningful context in which to view the funeral.
What are some key facts that funeral homes and directors need to know about funeral webcasting in general and TribuCast® in particular? What tips or advice can you offer?
What we've learned, and most people tend to agree with is "cameras on caskets are creepy – without context." Just watching a service doesn't work if the camera focuses solely on the loved ones remains and all you hear, and experience is what is being said by the celebrant. For those attending a service in person, they have the benefits of reading the program, following along with the readings and lyrics of the music, they can look around and see who else is there, they can see the family photos and flowers displayed at the entrance and around the sanctuary. All these touch points provide perspective, warmth, support and… context. The most effective webcasts are those where funeral directors keep the remote attendees' needs in mind, particularly their need for more context, when planning a funeral webcast or TribuCast®. Make sure you include the lectern where the eulogist will speak. Go wide to show the flowers and the beauty of the church or other sacred space. Most importantly though, make sure the funeral broadcast is highly personalized, especially for those who attend remotely. Experiencing the loss of a loved one is hard. You want to do everything you can to make sure the experience of attending a funeral or memorial service remotely is as unique as the person who has passed.
How can you personalize a memorial webcast?
That's part of the problem with traditional funeral webcasting products and services – they don't offer personalization. TribuCast® makes personalization very easy and compelling using its patent-pending context portals™ that literally and figuratively frame the livestream window. Through our context portals™, family and loved ones can share pictures, honors and awards, artwork, favorite quotations or poems, etc. The possibilities for personalization are limitless. Many of our clients have said that exploring the personalized content in a TribuCast® gave them a deeper appreciation of the person they've lost and a stronger sense of closure. Some even felt they got more from the TribuCast® than other, in-person services they had attended.
What inspired you to create TribuCast®? Did you experience a funeral being live streamed or did you simply perceive the need for a tasteful form of funeral webcasting?
TribuCast® was inspired by the importance of funerals, the value they bring to those who attend them and the reality that in today's world, sometimes you can't always be there in person. This is because according to the US Census and Bureau of Labor Statistics people move and change jobs more than 11 times in their lives and that leaves 90% of the services held today with someone not being able to be there. We knew we could help with this and wanted to offer a secure, private and tasteful way for grieving loved ones to be present and to participate in the communal mourning process when they lose someone they loved.
READ: Consider How TribuCast® Assisted These Families
Can you describe in greater detail how TribuCast® differs from other forms of memorial broadcasting?
TribuCast® isn't like other forms of memorial broadcasting. TribuCast is unique because it is much more than just a funeral livestream. It's truly a tribute to the deceased, one that can really show who that person was and what he or she meant to others. Some clients have likened experiencing a TribuCast® to experiencing a combined tribute, memorial and funeral. Prior to the service, friends and loved ones often explore the context portalsTM – the pictures, awards, memorabilia, charitable interests, etc much like they would at a wake or memorial and by spending time with this carefully curated material, they enter the service feeling more deeply connected to the deceased and more emotionally ready for the funeral broadcast. After the service, they can spend more time in the world of their loved one, should they feel the need, by engaging again with the highly personalized content and by watching the service again if they choose. Additionally, unlike most funeral webcasting and livestreaming services available today, TribuCast® is a private, portable, pay-per-use system. This means that only those who are given the unique website address can view it and it can be livestreamed and viewed from anywhere there is sufficient Wi-Fi or cellular service and funeral directors only have to pay for it when they need it.
Have you ever used TribuCast® to livestream the funeral of a loved one? What kind of feedback did you get from family and friends about funeral broadcasting?
TribuCast® has been used hundreds of times across the US, Canada and overseas and has been viewed by remote attendees on every continent (except for Antarctica but I expect that is just a matter of time). And yes, I have used TribuCast® personally as well. We used TribuCast® for my mom's memorial service which was held in Canada on the same day my cousin's son's wedding was held in the United States. The timing and location conflict were impossible to overcome and very hard on my Uncle and my cousins. TribuCast® solved that issue. Included in my mom's TribuCast® was information about my dad, who had passed away eight years prior, and their life together. It was a very powerful and effective way to include everyone even though we were not physically together and to remember all the great times we've had. The feedback we received from our family and the families we've served is consistent. To start, there are usually one or two people in the family who vocalize tremendous misgivings over their inability to be there in person and are deeply appreciative when they can attend the service remotely. But families are usually surprised at the final number of remote attendees, which can be quite large and how moved they are by the experience. We often see between 60 and 90 attendees who would have missed the funeral or memorial completely were it not for the TribuCast®. Many families refer to the experience as "priceless" and on several occasions have told us they would have gladly paid more than they did for their TribuCast®. Families also express appreciation for how easy it is to view a TribuCast® compared to Facebook LIVE, Periscope, Facetime and YouTube LIVE – and how much more tasteful, personal and private it feels.
What kinds of feedback are you getting from funeral directors regarding TribuCast® and its specific technology for funeral webcasting?
Funeral directors routinely tell us how easy the TribuCast® system is to personalize and use and how much appreciation families express. They especially like how portable it is and that it is a pay-per-use system. TribuCast® also makes it easy for family members to watch their TribuCast® later if they couldn't watch it live.
Nursing and assisted living facilities have traditionally shied away from memorial webcasting, even though watching a service, particularly as a community, can really help older, homebound people to process and heal from a loss. How did / does TribuCast® win such clients over?
We let TribuCast® speak for itself. History shows us that it is easy for some people to shy away from new technology and new experiences – until they experience their benefits. Once a facility and its residents experience the TribuCast® of a loved resident who has passed away they instantly recognize the power and importance of the experience in the community's grieving process.
How did you come up with the name TribuCast® and why didn't you just call it funeral webcasting like other groups?
TribuCast® is so much more than just a funeral webcast or livestream so it was important to us that the name we chose reflected that. TribuCast® is based in the belief that every life is unique and special and includes a story that deserves to be told and shared. Given how mobile our society has become, sharing such a tribute electronically and in-real-time, if possible, is extremely beneficial and increasingly necessary.
How much growth do you see in this market, given how much more common it is to see funerals and other major life events livestreamed?
People are just beginning to think about livestreaming and webcasting funerals. The technology has evolved to the point where, in the case of TribuCast®, it's less expensive, easier to use than the alternatives and highly personalized. In short, we can finally deliver to ordinary people the kind of funeral webcast that once would have been reserved only for the rich or the famous. We can livestream a memorial and, thanks to the innovative technology of TribuCast®, we can also showcase the deceased's most important life touch points and say goodbye in a powerful, dignified and impactful way.
READ: Growth In the Livestreaming of Funerals and Memorial Services
How do you perceive potential competitors using technologies like Facebook LIVE to do funeral broadcasting? What is the TribuCast® advantage?
There is really no comparison between the highly personalized TribuCast® model for remote funeral attendance and other platforms. Other technologies, such as Facebook LIVE, YouTube LIVE, Facetime, or Periscope, are impersonal, highly commercialized, and as we have learned, not very private. The advantage of TribuCast® is that it can be highly personalized, it is not commercialized (meaning you won't see third party advertisements and user data isn't sold), it is easy to use for both the family and the funeral director and it can be as private or public as the family and funeral director want it to be.
READ: The Remote Attendance Solution for Today's Funeral Home
To learn more about TribuCast visit //tribucast.com


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My work is an exploration of aspects of painting where the photograph and multimedia cannot follow – a rich textured paint surface, sculpted forms and intense glazed colours.
I enjoy that tension between paint surface and the painted form, between image and expression, and want to explore that uneasy equilibrium. I also embrace some concepts from the 1930's and 1960's when shaped canvases were more prevalent as the idea that painting is thin sculpture, and need not be in the same rectangular format as a window or television screen.
One of the most interesting things about paintings is the assumption that they are flat and provide a mirror on the world in some way, when even the thinnest paint surface is not flat and has a profile in 3 dimensions. The shaped canvas works are a reflection of this concept as the opportunity to explore textured forms is taken up further.
Some paintings are based on reinterpretations – like the bijinga of Utamaro where the shaped form of the canvas and scale contrast the tight form and flat shaped required by the registered printing block. The use of the ukiyo e image is an interest that develops from a gap in western art teaching for the tenets of Japanese art and modes of expressions. This despite the adoption of modes from these images from the 1850's on in Van Gogh, some impressionists and then the Nabis.
My works is almost always begun through drawings, pencil watercolour or pen and ink and wash. I then develop paintings from these drawings in the studio rather than painting from life or in plein air. The time and deliberate care taken allows reflection, contemplation and abstraction to occur. This is a traditional methodology which has also served modernists well. This practice holds as a tenet that art communicates knowledge and ideas rather than replicating images in the pursuit of the illusion of reality in art.
My works are often of recognisable subjects, include portraits and often are of musicians. I like drawing and painting them as subjects as they are usually so at home with and intent on the instrument and music that the instrument becomes an extension of their bodies, almost an additional limb.


text:
The strategy being used to destroy America
In the mid-sixties at the height of the "social revolution" the line between democratic benevolence and outright communism became rather blurry.
The Democratic Party, which controlled the presidency and both houses of Congress, was used as the springboard by social engineers to introduce a new era of welfare initiatives enacted in the name of "defending the poor", also known as the "Great Society Programs".
These initiatives, however, were driven by far more subversive and extreme motivations, and have been expanded on by every presidency since, Republican and Democrat alike.
At Columbia University, sociologist professors Richard Cloward and Francis Fox Piven introduced a political strategy in 1966 in an article entitled 'The Weight Of The Poor: A Strategy To End Poverty'. This article outlined a plan that they believed would eventually lead to the total transmutation of America into a full-fledged centralized welfare state (in other words, a collectivist enclave). The spearpoint of the Cloward-Piven strategy involved nothing less than economic sabotage against the U.S.
Theoretically, according to the doctrine, a condition of overwhelming tension and strain could be engineered through the overloading of American welfare rolls, thereby smothering the entitlement program structure at the state and local level.
The implosion of welfare benefits would facilitate a massive spike in poverty and desperation, creating a financial crisis that would lead to an even greater cycle of demand for a fully socialized system. This desperation would then "force" the federal government to concentrate all welfare programs under one roof, nationalize and enforce a socialist ideology, and ultimately, compact an immense level of power into the hands of a select few.
Cloward and Piven claimed that this could be accomplished at a grassroots level through community activism, and, that it would facilitate a more compassionate federal authority, however, there are numerous problems with these assertions.
The Cloward-Piven Strategy has nothing to do with grassroots activism, and accomplishes nothing tangible for the downtrodden poverty class. In fact, I would dare to say that Cloward and Piven as well as most social engineers are well aware that the concept ultimately only serves to give even more dominance to the establishment and pilfer even more freedom from the masses.
Cloward-Piven is not limited to the destabilization of state and local welfare programs. It can easily be used against federal level entitlements, and in reality, is much more effective against an entity with the proven tendency towards exponential debt spending. Though the federal government may be able to borrow fiat dollars through the Federal Reserve to prolong welfare rolls while the states cannot, a more volatile threat arises when debt monetization begins to wear down the purchasing power of the currency. Weakened purchasing power results in reduced consumer activity, less industrial growth, less GDP, and obviously, more poverty. The dollar has lost approximately 75% of its purchasing power since 1972, and 98% after the founding ot the Federal Reserve in 1913, and after 50 years of the so-called "War on Poverty", nearly one third of the American population now repeatedly slips under the official poverty line.
In the past decade alone, the number of people dependent on food stamps and EBT for their survival in the U.S. has doubled from 25 million people to nearly 50 million people. Those who receive some kind of payment from the government, including those on social security, disability, and veterans benefits, are approximately 100 million. Americans on social security do not consider themselves welfare recipients because they paid into the system, however, the point remains that if the federal money tap shuts down due to overwhelming participation, the checks will stop whether you paid into the system or not.
Columbia University sociologist professors Richard Cloward and Francis Fox Piven
In the end, it is the Federal Government itself that is most vulnerable to the Cloward-Piven Strategy, and I believe the goal is to set fire to ALL social structures in the U.S., then assimilate them into a new globalist system.
The tactic of overwhelming the welfare structure REQUIRES the complicity of the government itself. A grassroots activist movement cannot and will never compel federal and state governments to expand welfare initiatives if they do not wish to. If welfare programs are not expanded beyond their capacity to be maintained, they cannot be overwhelmed. Therefore, government must cooperate with the Cloward-Piven Strategy by generating more and more welfare programs to be exploited. That is to say, the elitists who control our government, regardless of their claimed political party, must WANT to arrange circumstances to allow for Cloward-Piven to be successful.
Another key component of Cloward-Piven is the existence of an immense number of poverty stricken people. Without a significant portion of the population under the poverty level, there is no mass of people to use as a weapon. Again, grassroots activists would be hard pressed to actually create the kind of poverty levels they would need for exploitation. But wait! Government, along with the aid or direction of central bankers, is able to create any level of poverty it wishes at any time by simply pretending to bungle everything it does. Once again, Cloward-Piven (much like Saul Alinsky's repertoire of propaganda scams) is far more useful to the power elite than it is to the common citizen.
As former White House Chief of Staff, Rahm Emanuel, famously said:
"You never want a serious crisis to go to waste. And what I mean by that is it's an opportunity to do things you think you could not do before…"
In light of the Cloward-Piven Strategy, which is at its very core a method to artificially induce crisis, the otherwise insane policy actions of the Obama Administration and preceding puppet presidents now become perfectly logical. Obama, after all, has been a long time proponent of the methods of Saul Alinsky, the left wing gatekeeper equivalent to Neo-Con godfather Leo Strauss. Cloward and Piven were also both avid followers of Alinsky, who promoted lies, misdirection, subversion, and abandonment of conscience in order to win social power at any cost (special note – Alinsky also dedicated his book 'Rules For Radicals' to Lucifer…yeah, to the friggin' devil).
Under Obama's watch alone, our real national debt including unfunded liabilities and entitlements has risen to nearly $200 trillion. Our "official" national debt has gone from $10 trillion to $17 trillion in the short time Obama has been in office. Real unemployment including U-6 measurements stands at around 20% of all Americans. Personal wealth and savings have plummeted. Wages remain in stasis while prices on necessary goods continue to rise.
In my articles 'The Socialization Of America Is Economically Impossible' and 'Obamacare: Is It A Divide-And-Conquer Distraction?', I examined much evidence suggesting that Obamacare was actually designed to fail, and that the bumbling of the Obama White House when dealing with the program was purely deliberate. When coupled with Obama's handling of the current illegal immigration conflict, I would say that the Cloward-Piven Strategy is in full force.
Why fight tooth and nail against all common sense and history, why lie openly to millions of registered voters to get the program in place, only to allow it to derail because of a poorly designed website!? Because, Obama and his handlers know full well that it will end up costing the country billions that we cannot afford, and aid in a resulting crash.
Why the sudden surge of illegal immigrants into the U.S.? Why not! The White House has made it clear that it has every intention of keeping them within America by allowing the border patrol to ship the detained across the country where they are then released. Obama's threat to use executive action to force through his own version of the immigration bill is the icing on the cake. Amnesty is essentially guaranteed, I believe, in the near term, which is why tens of thousands of Central American parents are willing to send their children on a journey where they could very well be kidnapped by sex traffickers or killed.
If the White House really wanted to stop this humanitarian crisis, the President would state publicly and clearly that America is not a drive through welfare center, that there will be no free goodies at the second window, and that there will be no chance of amnesty, instead of diverting more agents to the border to ensure more illegals are shipped into the interior.
The president does not wish to stop the flood of immigrants exactly because Cloward-Piven requires their presence. Not only would this officially add millions of people to welfare rolls, but I would venture to suggest that Obama will likely include automatic sign-up to universal healthcare as part of his amnesty measures.
If there wasn't enough strain on the social welfare structure before, there certainly will be now.
I would remind readers, though, that in the final analysis this is NOT about Obama. I have seen other commentators including Glenn Beck discuss Cloward-Piven in the past, but always through the blinders of the false left/right paradigm. Obama could not have attained the levels of destabilization he has without standing on the shoulders of those political errand boys who came before him. Ronald Reagan, for instance, was also responsible for signing the Immigration Reform And Control Act of 1986 into law, which was supposed to trade the amnesty of 3 million illegals for greater border security.
This new "more comprehensive" security was never implemented by Reagan. Both Republican and Democratic regimes have made our current calamity possible, and the leaderships behind both parties are nothing more than paid mascots for international financiers and globalists who have a very different vision of what America should be.
If we allow ourselves to fall into the trap of making the developing crisis about a singularly unimportant man such as Obama, then the elites get exactly what they want – an angry and desperate citizenry out for the blood of a middleman and out for the blood of each other, while they sit back, relax, and wait to swoop in as our financial saviors with strings attached.
For those naïve enough to assume that Cloward-Piven is just a well intentioned activist method, it is important to understand that even if that were so, the effect of the Cloward-Piven Strategy will never achieve the goal its creators claimed to support. In my view, it is probable that they never really intended for it to produce wealth equality or an increased quality of life.
The tactic can only decrease wealth security by making all citizens equally destitute. As we have seen in numerous socialist and communist experiments over the past century, economic harmonization never creates wealth or prosperity, it only siphons wealth from one area and redistributes it to others, evaporating much of it as it is squeezed through the grinding gears of the establishment machine.
Socialism, in its very essence, elevates government to the role of all-pervasive parent, and casts the citizenry down into the role of dependent sniveling infant. Even in its most righteous form, Cloward-Piven seeks to make infants of us all, whether we like it or not.
Source: http://www.alt-market.com/articles/2212-is-the-cloward-piven-strategy-being-used-to-destroy-america
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So you've decided to pursue a career as a dental hygienist. Great! Below is a list of colleges and universities in Michigan offering Dental Hygiene and Dental Assisting curriculums. Choose the school that works best for you.


Hi Hi! Hope everyone is having a fabulous evening!
Tonight we are popping in early to let you know how much we appreciate YOU! It's been a whirlwind here at Mama Elephant and we have learned so much these past 5 years. So we send you our biggest THANKS and we hope to continue to create more products that you love!
With that said, we will be having a Customer Appreciation Sale and it will start TONIGHT at midnight, EST! It will run through November 25th, 2017 11:59PM EST. That way, you don't have to wait until Black Friday to order the new goodies that we will be releasing tonight!
Take $5 off your purchase of $60 or more with code FIVEOFF.
Take $10 off your purchase of $100 or more with code TENOFF.
Take $25 off your purchase of $200 or more with code TWENTYFIVEOFF.
PLUS EXTRA MARKDOWNS on select products. Up to 40% off. Prices are as marked.
On with our new release review!
This month, we have 4 new Stamp Sets and 4 new Creative Cuts.
Happy Shopping and don't forget to join us tomorrow for November's Stampede!
You're teasing me with those dogs!!
I'm with Danielle and Kelli.....bring on those dogs!!!!
You're teasing us with those dogs!!! I can't wait!
These dogs...I MUST HAVE THEM !
Oh I am a dog person and LOVE them. also love the pigs.. Heck I love them all. great dies. I want them all.
So many fun and awesome designs!!!
Iv'e been waiting for the dogs!
Love the framed tags!!! Awesome release!!
I have the cats. I have the snowmen.. Cannot wait for the dogs!! You should also put one together with little children..
That's an awesome release !


text:
namespace chromeos {
namespace {

// Resource manager D-Bus method calls are all simple operations and should
// not take more than 1 second.
constexpr int kResourcedDBusTimeoutMilliseconds = 1000;

ResourcedClient* g_instance = nullptr;

class ResourcedClientImpl : public ResourcedClient {
 public:
  ResourcedClientImpl();
  ~ResourcedClientImpl() override = default;
  ResourcedClientImpl(const ResourcedClientImpl&) = delete;
  ResourcedClientImpl& operator=(const ResourcedClientImpl&) = delete;

  void Init(dbus::Bus* bus) {
    proxy_ = bus->GetObjectProxy(
        resource_manager::kResourceManagerServiceName,
        dbus::ObjectPath(resource_manager::kResourceManagerServicePath));
    proxy_->ConnectToSignal(
        resource_manager::kResourceManagerInterface,
        resource_manager::kMemoryPressureChrome,
        base::BindRepeating(&ResourcedClientImpl::MemoryPressureReceived,
                            weak_factory_.GetWeakPtr()),
        base::BindOnce(&ResourcedClientImpl::MemoryPressureConnected,
                       weak_factory_.GetWeakPtr()));
    proxy_->ConnectToSignal(
        resource_manager::kResourceManagerInterface,
        resource_manager::kMemoryPressureArcvm,
        base::BindRepeating(&ResourcedClientImpl::MemoryPressureArcVmReceived,
                            weak_factory_.GetWeakPtr()),
        base::BindOnce(&ResourcedClientImpl::MemoryPressureConnected,
                       weak_factory_.GetWeakPtr()));
  }

  // ResourcedClient interface.
  void SetGameModeWithTimeout(bool state,
                              uint32_t refresh_seconds,
                              DBusMethodCallback<bool> callback) override;

  void AddObserver(Observer* observer) override;

  void RemoveObserver(Observer* observer) override;

  void AddArcVmObserver(ArcVmObserver* observer) override;

  void RemoveArcVmObserver(ArcVmObserver* observer) override;

 private:
  // D-Bus response handlers.
  void HandleSetGameModeWithTimeoutResponse(DBusMethodCallback<bool> callback,
                                            dbus::Response* response);

  // D-Bus signal handlers.
  void MemoryPressureReceived(dbus::Signal* signal);
  void MemoryPressureConnected(const std::string& interface_name,
                               const std::string& signal_name,
                               bool success);

  void MemoryPressureArcVmReceived(dbus::Signal* signal);

  // Member variables.

  dbus::ObjectProxy* proxy_ = nullptr;

  // Caches the total memory for reclaim_target_kb sanity check. The default
  // value is 32 GiB in case reading total memory failed.
  uint64_t total_memory_kb_ = 32 * 1024 * 1024;

  // A list of observers that are listening on state changes, etc.
  base::ObserverList<Observer> observers_;

  // A list of observers listening for ARCVM memory pressure signals.
  base::ObserverList<ArcVmObserver> arcvm_observers_;

  base::WeakPtrFactory<ResourcedClientImpl> weak_factory_{this};
};

ResourcedClientImpl::ResourcedClientImpl() {
  base::SystemMemoryInfoKB info;
  if (base::GetSystemMemoryInfo(&info)) {
    total_memory_kb_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(info.total);
  } else {
    PLOG(ERROR) << "Error reading total memory.";
  }
}

void ResourcedClientImpl::MemoryPressureReceived(dbus::Signal* signal) {
  dbus::MessageReader signal_reader(signal);

  uint8_t pressure_level_byte;
  PressureLevel pressure_level;
  uint64_t reclaim_target_kb;

  if (!signal_reader.PopByte(&pressure_level_byte) ||
      !signal_reader.PopUint64(&reclaim_target_kb)) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "Error reading signal from resourced: " << signal->ToString();
    return;
  }

  if (pressure_level_byte == resource_manager::PressureLevelChrome::NONE) {
    pressure_level = PressureLevel::NONE;
  } else if (pressure_level_byte ==
             resource_manager::PressureLevelChrome::MODERATE) {
    pressure_level = PressureLevel::MODERATE;
  } else if (pressure_level_byte ==
             resource_manager::PressureLevelChrome::CRITICAL) {
    pressure_level = PressureLevel::CRITICAL;
  } else {
    LOG(ERROR) << "Unknown memory pressure level: " << pressure_level_byte;
    return;
  }

  if (reclaim_target_kb > total_memory_kb_) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "reclaim_target_kb is too large: " << reclaim_target_kb;
    return;
  }

  for (auto& observer : observers_) {
    observer.OnMemoryPressure(pressure_level, reclaim_target_kb);
  }
}

void ResourcedClientImpl::MemoryPressureArcVmReceived(dbus::Signal* signal) {
  dbus::MessageReader signal_reader(signal);

  uint8_t pressure_level_byte;
  PressureLevelArcVm pressure_level;
  uint64_t reclaim_target_kb;

  if (!signal_reader.PopByte(&pressure_level_byte) ||
      !signal_reader.PopUint64(&reclaim_target_kb)) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "Error reading signal from resourced: " << signal->ToString();
    return;
  }
  switch (
      static_cast<resource_manager::PressureLevelArcvm>(pressure_level_byte)) {
    case resource_manager::PressureLevelArcvm::NONE:
      pressure_level = PressureLevelArcVm::NONE;
      break;

    case resource_manager::PressureLevelArcvm::CACHED:
      pressure_level = PressureLevelArcVm::CACHED;
      break;

    case resource_manager::PressureLevelArcvm::PERCEPTIBLE:
      pressure_level = PressureLevelArcVm::PERCEPTIBLE;
      break;

    case resource_manager::PressureLevelArcvm::FOREGROUND:
      pressure_level = PressureLevelArcVm::FOREGROUND;
      break;

    default:
      LOG(ERROR) << "Unknown memory pressure level: " << pressure_level_byte;
      return;
  }

  if (reclaim_target_kb > total_memory_kb_) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "reclaim_target_kb is too large: " << reclaim_target_kb;
    return;
  }

  for (auto& observer : arcvm_observers_) {
    observer.OnMemoryPressure(pressure_level, reclaim_target_kb);
  }
}

void ResourcedClientImpl::MemoryPressureConnected(
    const std::string& interface_name,
    const std::string& signal_name,
    bool success) {
  PLOG_IF(ERROR, !success) << "Failed to connect to signal: " << signal_name;
}

// Response will be true if game mode was on previously, false otherwise.
void ResourcedClientImpl::HandleSetGameModeWithTimeoutResponse(
    DBusMethodCallback<bool> callback,
    dbus::Response* response) {
  dbus::MessageReader reader(response);
  uint8_t previous;
  if (!reader.PopByte(&previous)) {
    std::move(callback).Run(absl::nullopt);
    return;
  }
  std::move(callback).Run(previous);
}

void ResourcedClientImpl::SetGameModeWithTimeout(
    bool status,
    uint32_t refresh_seconds,
    DBusMethodCallback<bool> callback) {
  dbus::MethodCall method_call(resource_manager::kResourceManagerInterface,
                               resource_manager::kSetGameModeWithTimeoutMethod);
  dbus::MessageWriter writer(&method_call);
  writer.AppendByte(status);
  writer.AppendUint32(refresh_seconds);

  proxy_->CallMethod(
      &method_call, kResourcedDBusTimeoutMilliseconds,
      base::BindOnce(&ResourcedClientImpl::HandleSetGameModeWithTimeoutResponse,
                     weak_factory_.GetWeakPtr(), std::move(callback)));
}

void ResourcedClientImpl::AddObserver(Observer* observer) {
  observers_.AddObserver(observer);
}

void ResourcedClientImpl::RemoveObserver(Observer* observer) {
  observers_.RemoveObserver(observer);
}

void ResourcedClientImpl::AddArcVmObserver(ArcVmObserver* observer) {
  arcvm_observers_.AddObserver(observer);
}

void ResourcedClientImpl::RemoveArcVmObserver(ArcVmObserver* observer) {
  arcvm_observers_.RemoveObserver(observer);
}

}  // namespace

ResourcedClient::ResourcedClient() {
  CHECK(!g_instance);
  g_instance = this;
}

ResourcedClient::~ResourcedClient() {
  CHECK_EQ(this, g_instance);
  g_instance = nullptr;
}

// static
void ResourcedClient::Initialize(dbus::Bus* bus) {
  CHECK(bus);
  (new ResourcedClientImpl())->Init(bus);
}

// static
void ResourcedClient::InitializeFake() {
  new FakeResourcedClient();
}

// static
void ResourcedClient::Shutdown() {
  CHECK(g_instance);
  delete g_instance;
  // The destructor resets |g_instance|.
  DCHECK(!g_instance);
}

// static
ResourcedClient* ResourcedClient::Get() {
  return g_instance;
}

}  // namespace chromeos

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I realized that we haven't had a guy in a Surfboard Story since Chives in volume 2 but Drew is here to break that streak. Drew brought with him the only board he's ridden for the last many years and suggested the pose that you see below himself....I love how it turned out so he was onto something. He also mentioned that there would be waves on the fourth of July (because there are always waves on the fourth of July) and there were. Maybe only for two hours...but he was right (Drew, when will there be waves again....ahhhhhh!) Read on to check out Drew's photo and story.
Do you have a superhero name or any superpowers I should know about? JuneBug aka Deucebeetle or Dungbeetle; good at nailing while driving.
What board did you bring with you today? Custom 5' 10" Rich Pavel, it's based on a board that he shaped for my buddy Scott. Some people call it a speed dialer, but I think that's just a coincidence, but I don't read the magazines.
Why did you bring this board? I brought this board because it's the only board that I've surfed (more or less) for the last six years. This board and I have been in the longest committed relationship together of either of our lives.
Where did you get it? My buddy Scott was getting a couple of boards from Rich, and I piggy backed on the order to get the bulk/bro prices. I think I got lucky.
Do you remember the first wave you ever caught on this board? I remember the first session, shoulder high, hollow lefts at "the stump" in WA. I think I bailed on a closeout first wave, but I remember a few tubes. It was instant chemistry.
Do you remember your favorite wave ever (or favorite day ever) on this board? I remember a couple, one that illustrated its versatility was triple overhead cape "B" in WA, outrunning sections backside. It blew my mind and was scary, super scary.
Do you have a favorite place to ride it? Yes, but the wave doesn't really exist anymore. It was the "true" left across the Elwha River mouth, but they breached the dam, and the sediment killed the wave, at least so far.
Any final words? I have no contingency plan if something real bad were to happen to this board and it really scares me.


General Knowledge Indian History questions and answers with explanation Part –22 GK And jobs, RAS Exam Study Material, Current GK And Read more: Important facts for the Competitive exam in Rajasthan. And All subject Wise Notes and Math, Hindi, English, History, Political Science, Psychology, Sanskrit Related Study material and Rajasthan General Knowledge (GK) Question for Govt Exam preparation like RAS, IAS, UPSC, RPSC, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Grade Teacher, REET CTET, LDC, SSC CGL, IBPS, MBA, CAT, MAT, SBI-PO, RBI And Railway, Indian Army And all competitive Exams.
Question (1) which night did Gautam Buddha receive knowledge?
गौतम बुद्ध को किस रात्रि के दिन ज्ञान की प्राप्ति हुई?
Question (2) Where did Gautama Buddha give his first message?
गौतम बुद्ध ने अपना पहला उपदेश कहाँ दिया था?
Question (3) What is this incident of preaching?
उपदेश देने की इस घटना को क्या कहा जाता है?
Question (4) what language did Mahatma Buddha give his teachings?
महात्मा बुद्ध ने अपने उपदेश को किस भाषा में दिया?
Question (5) Who is the Trinity of Buddhism?
बौद्धधर्म के त्रिरत्न कौन-कौन है?
Question (6) What was the entry in Buddhism called?
बौद्ध धर्म में प्रविष्टि को क्या कहा जाता था?
Question (7)According to Buddha, what principle do the Goddess also come under?
बुद्ध के अनुसार देवतागण भी किस सिद्धान्त के अंतर्गत आते है?
Question (8) What has Buddha said to the incident of Trishna?
बुद्ध ने तृष्णा की घटना को क्या कहा है?
Question (9) How many parts of Buddha's followers were divided into?
बुद्ध के अनुयायी कितने भागों में बंटे थे?
Question (10) When and where was the death of Mahatma Buddha?
महात्मा बुद्ध की मृत्यु कब और कहाँ हुई थी?


An hour south of Hiroshima (or faster via Shinkansen) lies the small town and island of Miyajima. Miyajima is home to Itsukushima Shrine a shrine that's famous for the giant floating torii that welcomes visitors to the island. As you ride the ferry to Miyajima the floating torii aligns perfecting with the rest of Itsukushima Shrine on the island. Once the ferry docks at Miyajima it's a short walk through a commercial street to the shrine area. Along the walk small deer will approach you and if you're not diligent they may start poking their mouths into your pockets in search of food; otherwise the deer are very calm and you can pet them no different then a house trained pet.
A walk around Miyajima reveals the islands beauty and it's easy to see why the Japanese thought a place so beautiful must have a connection with gods. Japanese shrines embrace and incorporate the natural surroundings. In addition to Itsukushima Shrine there are several other shrines including Senjokaku, a large pavillion up the hill near Itsukushima.
Most visitors to Miyajima come as part of a Hiroshima combination daytrip from either Osaka or Kyoto. The Shinkansen connects Hiroshima and Miyajima and you can even use the Japan Railpass for the Miyajima ferry. If you are in Hiroshima, a tram day pass can be used to take a tram line all the way from Hiroshima to Miyajima - the ride takes about an hour and the tram day pass is also good for the ferry. There are a few places to stay overnight on the island. The commercial street has restaurants, although the prices reflect the island location. Oysters are the local specialty and fortunately a fried option is available..
It's important to check the tides before you leave. I relied on Tide4Fishing to provide the time for high and low tide on the date I visited. High tide is a good time to visit because the bottom of the floating torii is covered and only the bright orange is visible. At certain times of the year the low tide is so low you can walk to the floating torii.
For additional Miyajima photos see FLIKR ALBUM.


text:
D 0002/86 (Decisions in borderline cases) of 7.5.1987
No PDF available
DE | EN | FR
1. In examination matters the powers of the Disciplinary Board of Appeal are limited to reviewing Examination Committee and Examination Board decisions for infringement of the Regulation on the European Qualifying Examination (REE) of any provision relating to its implementation or of higher-ranking law (cf. D 05/82 in OJ EPO 5/1983, p. 175 et seq.). If the Board of Appeal considers the appeal admissible and well-founded, it is empowered under Article 23(4), 2nd sentence, REE to do no more than set the contested decision aside. To the extent that the Examination Board has exercised discretion the Board of Appeal cannot substitute its own (Reasons, point 2).
2. The Examination Board's decision in a borderline case under Article 5(3), 2nd sentence, in conjunction with Article 12(3) REE, although discretionary, may under Article 23(1) REE be reviewed for infringement of the rules, in particular, Article 12 REE and the Instructions to the Examination Committees for marking papers (OJ EPO 7/1983, p. 282 et seq. and p. 296 et seq. respectively). Discretion may be exercised only in a manner consistent with these rules, and not arbitrarily (see also D 01/85, OJ 11/1985, p. 341 et seq., Headnote II). Each borderline case decision must therefore be individually substantiated. The substantiation need not set out all details of the examination file; it may be limited to brief comments showing how the principles of Article 12 REE and the Instructions were applied in the specific case, thereby rendering it reviewable (Reasons points 3 and 4).
3. Members of the Examination Board may not abstain from voting on appealable decisions. If the votes are equal, the Chairman has the casting vote. The votes cast are kept secret (Reasons point 5).
Regulation on the European qualifying examination Art005(3)
Regulation on the European qualifying examination Art014
Power of review - limited
Decisions in borderline cases - substantiation of
Voting by the Examination Board
I. The appellants sat the 6th European Qualifying Examination held from 17 to 19 April 1985. By registered letter dated 14 November 1985, despatched the following day and delivered in each case on 18 November 1985, the Chairman of the Examination Board for the European Qualifying Examination informed them of their performance in the four papers A, B, C and D (cf. OJ EPO 3/1984, p. 133 et seq.) under the marking scheme published in OJ EPO 7/1983, p. 296 et seq., namely that they had failed one paper (specified in each case) and their marks in the others were insufficient to bring their overall performance up to pass level. These are the decisions contested in the appeals filed on 7, 4 and 22 January 1986, in respect of which the appeal fees were duly paid and the statements of grounds submitted on 7 January and 3 and 19 February 1986 respectively.
II. The three appellants argue under Article 23(1) of the Regulation on the European Qualifying Examination for professional representatives before the European Patent Office (OJ EPO 7/1983, p. 282 et seq.; hereinafter "REE") that the borderline case decision within the meaning of Articles 5(3), 2nd sentence, and 12(3) REE infringed the REE and the provisions relating to its implementation. All three appeals concern the 6th European Qualifying Examination. The appellants' submissions are largely the same and in accordance with Article 4 of the business distribution scheme of the Disciplinary Board of Appeal the same members were therefore appointed to consider them. The appellants have consented to consolidated proceedings under Article 11(2) of the Additional Rules of Procedure of the Disciplinary Board of Appeal (OJ EPO 1980, p. 188).
III. The appellants' grades and marks under the Instructions to the Examination Committees for marking papers (OJ EPO 7/1983, pp. 296 and 297; hereinafter "Instructions") were as follows:
Appellant I
For Papers A, B and C the candidate's marks were in the middle range of 4 ("pass"), the grade duly given for those papers. He became a borderline case because of the 5 ("slightly inadequate") awarded for Paper D, where the two examiners gave him 37/37.5 marks for Part I and 17/20 marks for Part II (totals: 54 and 57.5). 46 to 55 marks meant Grade 5, 56 to 65 Grade 4. The marks therefore had to be harmonised (cf. Decision D 05/82, OJ EPO 5/1983, pp. 175 and 180). As a result, his marks for Part II became 17/17, giving totals of 54 and 54.5, and so Grade 5 - "not quite" 4 - was awarded.
Appellant II
For Papers A, C and D the candidate was awarded Grade 4, in the lower to middle range for Paper A and in the upper range towards 3 for Papers C and D. He became a borderline case because of the 5 ("slightly inadequate") awarded for Paper B, where he received 19/21 marks. 14 to 20 marks meant Grade 5, 21 to 27 Grade 4. Once again a "not-quite-4" Grade 5 was awarded.
Appellant III
This candidate was awarded Grade 4 for Papers A and B (in the middle and lower ranges respectively) and Grade 3 ("good") - albeit in the lower range - for Paper D. He became a borderline case because of the 5 awarded for Paper C, where he received 37/38 marks (i.e. at the lower end of the 35 to 49 mark range).
IV. The contested decisions concerning the candidates' results were taken at the Examination Board's meeting on 13 and 14 November 1985, when it reviewed the borderline cases' papers as a whole in accordance with Article 12(3) REE and the Instructions.
The Examination Board's decision to fail the candidates was taken unanimously in the case of Appellant I, by three votes to two with one abstention in that of Appellant II and by four votes to two in that of Appellant III. The Examination Board informed the appellants of its decision by letter of 14 November 1985, explaining the borderline ruling as follows in all three cases:
"You have failed examination paper ..., and your marks in the other papers were insufficient to bring your overall performance up to pass level."
The minutes of the Board's meeting record - again identically in each case - that "the candidate being a borderline case, the Board has carefully considered his papers as a whole. On the evidence of his overall performance the Board felt that the weaknesses revealed cast serious doubts on the candidate's fitness to practise. It has therefore regretfully decided that the candidate has failed the examination."
V. All the appellants argue in their statements of grounds that this represents an infringement of the REE and in particular of Article 12(3) in conjunction with the Instructions. The text reproduced above was a standard formulation which did not properly substantiate the decision. Appellant I points out that in Paper D he fell just short of the total marks necessary for Grade 4 ("pass"), scoring substantially above the pass mark in the other papers. His poorer mark in Paper D was due to his performance in Part II and in particular to Question 2 ("prior disclosure"), where he had not been awarded a single one of the eleven marks possible. However, his weakness on this question was attributable to an evident error early on in his answer. But in view of the knowledge he had shown of the relevant EPC provisions and of international exhibitions, there was no justification in giving him no marks at all out of the eleven available. The appellant also takes issue with other individual markings. Appellant II considers that the principle of uniformity of marking has been infringed. In Paper C the total marks awarded by the two examiners were the only ones that corresponded at all closely; the individual markings making up those totals varied considerably. Had these markings been harmonised, however, the result could easily have been a 3 ("good"). Giving examples of figures he contends that at least in borderline cases with widely different markings harmonisation cannot be dispensed with simply because the totals are similar. A further breach of the above principle of uniform marking under Article 12(1) REE is that comparable overall performances on either side of the boundary between Grades 4 and 5 are treated differently. A candidate who in all four papers scrapes the bare minimum needed for Grade 4 passes the examination without any review of his case, although a candidate with a 5 in one paper could have out- performed him considerably in the others. This inconsistency arose at random depending on whether or not the different marks awarded by the examiners within the same paper cancelled each other out.
Appellant III argues that the Examination Board omitted to indicate why it considered his shortcomings in Paper C so serious as to warrant failing him despite his passing the other three papers. He infers from point I, 3rd sentence, of the Instructions that the papers making up the examination are equivalent. As point VI of the Instructions indicated that even a 6 could be offset by better grades elsewhere, a 5 could certainly be offset by a 3.
VI. The Examination Board considered these appeals under Article 23(3) REE, without however rectifying any of the decisions. The appeals were remitted to the Board of Appeal by letters of 7 February and 3 and 7 March 1986.
VII. By communication of 7 November 1986 the rapporteur sent to each appellant the Examination Board's comments on his case, indicating facts and legal aspects of possible significance for the decision.
VIII. The appellants indicated in their replies that they did not want oral proceedings. Appellant II pointed out that under Article 12 REE a borderline case decision depended on a review of the answer papers as a whole, in which light the Examination Board's decision was incomprehensible. Appellant III maintained that a 3 could always offset a 5.
IX. The President of the European Patent Office forwarded the comments of the competent EPO department - endorsed by the President of the Institute of Professional Representatives before the EPO - contending that unlike its decision refusing enrolment for the examination (Article 18(1), 3rd sentence, REE), the Examination Board's decisions on passing or failure did not have to be substantiated (which would anyway be no help to those concerned). This was made clear by the wording of the REE and confirmed by the historical documentation. Nor did national law require such decisions to be substantiated.
X. A letter from the President of the EPO dated 23 December 1986 states that Appellant III has meanwhile passed the 1986 European Qualifying Examination.
XI. All three appellants request that the contested decisions be set aside. The main request by Appellant I is for the Board of Appeal to rule that he has passed the 1985 European Qualifying Examination; all the appellants (as an alternative request in the case of Appellant I) seek a new overall marking - clearly on the basis of referral back to the Examination Board - and a refund of the appeal fee.
1. The appeals comply with Article 23(2) REE and are therefore admissible. Appellant III's appeal, like the others, was filed and substantiated in due time, the "ten-day rule" under Rule 78(3) EPC also covering notification of appealable decisions in disciplinary matters. This is clear from Article 23(4) REE in conjunction with Article 21(2) of the Regulation on discipline for professional representatives (OJ EPO 2/1978, pp. 91 and 97; see also Decision D 06/82 in OJ EPO 8/1983, pp. 337 and 338, Reasons, point 2).
2. Appellant I's main request is for the Disciplinary Board of Appeal to rule that he has passed the 1985 European Qualifying Examination. In examination matters, however, that Board's powers are limited to reviewing Examination Committee or Examination Board decisions for infringement of the REE, of any provision relating to its implementation or of higher-ranking law (cf. Decision D 05/82 in OJ EPO 5/1983, p. 175 et seq.). Under Article 23(4), 2nd sentence, REE the Board of Appeal can do no more than set the appealed decision aside. In discretionary matters it cannot substitute its own decision for that contested. This would be possible only in certain special circumstances, for example if the matter ceased to be a discretionary one (e.g. if a miscalculation of marks were established) or if the binding nature of a previous decision had been ignored (cf. Article 111(2) EPC in conjunction with Article 22(3) of the Regulation on discipline and Article 23(4) REE).
3. As requested by Appellants II and III, and in the alternative by Appellant I, however, the Board of Appeal must review the legality of the contested decisions in accordance with Article 23(4) REE. Despite the discretionary nature of the Examination Board's borderline case decisions under Article 5(3), 2nd sentence, in conjunction with 12(3) REE, that Board remains bound by the principles and rules directly inferrable from the Instructions (OJ EPO 7/1983, p. 296 et seq.).
3.1. As regards Article 12 REE itself, the first such principle is uniformity of marking, which must surely be understood as applying also to decisions on borderline cases. Article 12(3) REE also establishes two further principles: that answer papers may within certain limits offset one another and that the papers are to be considered as a whole in borderline cases.
3.2. In the Instructions the Examination Board has published guidelines for the Examination Committees, and indirectly for itself, which are both practical and in keeping with the principles of the REE. Accordingly, the exercise of discretion in borderline case decisions is governed not only by the principles enshrined in Article 12 REE but also by the specific provisions set out in the Instructions. On the limits within which papers may offset one another, for example, these specify in points VI and VII that a 7 can never be cancelled out, and a 6 only by exceptional results in the other papers. For a 5 the Instructions allow particularly wide discretion, under point V making unconditional provision for the results to be reviewed as a whole. The question posed in point I - whether the candidate is fit to practise as a professional representative before the EPO - is now asked again, this time in respect of his overall performance.
3.3. Certain logical inferences are also likely in applying the principles of Article 12 REE and the Instructions, for example that in borderline case decisions the question of fitness to practise posed in point I of the Instructions must be answered in the light of an appraisal of the results as a whole (cf. point V). The decisive question is thus whether or not the candidate's overall performance indicates fitness to practise. In borderline cases this question cannot be answered in the purely arithmetical terms of marks and equivalent grades. It is more a matter of whether the nature and extent of the candidate's deficiencies render him unfit to practise. In such cases it will be necessary to consider, for example, how relevant his failings are to professional practice. This conclusion is indicated both by the purpose of the examination and by the fact that any examination is bound to involve aspects with a greater or lesser degree of relevance to professional practice, a distinction lost in the equally unavoidable arithmetic of the marking process.
3.4. This does not mean that the borderline, which has to be drawn somewhere, is simply shifted, and with it the inevitable hardship cases. Article 12 REE in conjunction with the Instructions draws this line between 4 ("pass") and 5 ("slightly inadequate"). Around this borderline, the marking system automatically offsets poor and good aspects of a candidate's performance within individual papers, although if the grades have to be harmonised a further stage may be involved. A candidate passes the examination if he just manages a 4 in all the papers because the good and poor aspects offset one another arithmetically in each paper. However, it is doubtful whether he is necessarily better fitted to practise than a candidate who in one paper just fails to avoid a 5 but whose performance is otherwise fully satisfactory.
3.5. An oral examination to resolve the problem would hardly be practicable under the European Qualifying Examination system. Furthermore, Article 12(2) REE means that a candidate who scrapes a 4 in all the papers passes the examination, even if particularly weak in areas of greater relevance for professional practice than those where he did better. This however makes the candidate who just passes without being a borderline case the yardstick for the discretion to be exercised in borderline case decisions, where candidates must be put back on an equal footing and uniformity of appraisal restored. A borderline candidate should thus be failed only if likely to be less fit to practise than the kind of candidate just mentioned. If for example a candidate gets clear 4s ("pass") or better in three papers and his fourth paper is only just below the pass mark, then he should be failed only if he seems likely to be less fit to practise than the kind of candidate described.
4. To sum up, the exercise of discretion in decisions on borderline cases is to a certain extent governed by the principles laid down in Article 12 REE and the criteria apparent from the Instructions, and by the likely inferences from their implementation. In its Decisions D 12/82 (OJ EPO 6/1983, p. 233 et seq., Reasons, point 4) and D 01/85 (OJ EPO 11/1985, p. 341 et seq., Reasons, point 3) the Board required "consistency" and "transparency" in the discretionary decision under review. This means that each borderline case decision must be substantiated to the extent necessary to enable an appellant and the Board of Appeal to establish whether any infringement under Article 23(1) REE has occurred. This necessity is merely the consequence of the purport of Article 12 REE and the Instructions. No express provision is therefore necessary, nor is national law of any relevance (cf. comments of the EPO, summarised in point IX above).
4.1. In content, the substantiation required could be merely a note or brief comment making the exercise of discretion in the particular case sufficiently comprehensible for the purposes of Article 23(1) REE, and thus capable of review. An indication of a particularly serious mistake, for example, might suffice.
4.2. Nor therefore need it meet the formal standards of, say, a decision refusing enrolment under Article 18(1), 3rd sentence, REE. The explanation needed to make the discretionary decision easier to understand might also be included in the minutes of the Examination Board's meeting.
4.3. In the absence of such explanations in the present cases neither the appellants nor the Board of Appeal can reconstruct the Examination Board's thinking when exercising its discretion. Under Article 23(1) and (4), 2nd sentence, REE these decisions must therefore be set aside as unsubstantiated. In the case of Appellants I and II the matter is referred back to the Examination Board for a new decision. For Appellant III however no such new decision is necessary; he has since passed the examination, and so no longer has any obvious legal interest in the matter being reviewed.
5. The decision in respect of Appellant II must also be set aside because a ruling "by three votes to two with one abstention" is at odds with the essence of borderline case decisions under Article 12(3) REE.
5.1. The Examination Board has various duties involving various decisions. In certain cases it may be possible to abstain, as in the Administrative Council of the EPO. However, a decision under Article 12(3) REE is an appealable application of the law to an individual, and here - as in the disciplinary bodies and Boards of Appeal - abstention is out of the question. The Board would also draw attention to the Additional Rules of Procedure of the disciplinary bodies (OJ EPO 7/1980, p. 176 et seq.) and the Rules of Procedure of the Boards of Appeal (OJ EPO 9/1983, p. 7), in both of which the 2nd paragraph of the articles entitled "Order of voting" states that abstentions are not permitted. A further reason why abstentions cannot be allowed is that if they were the entire Board might exercise that option.
5.2. As the Examination Board takes borderline case decisions with an even number of members (6), arrangements in the event of a tie are also required. Whilst a decision in the candidate's favour cannot be made conditional on a numerical majority alone (i.e. 4 to 2), nor is there any basis in law for considering a tied vote to constitute such a decision. By analogy with Articles 18(2), 5th sentence, and 19(2), 6th sentence, EPC, it must be assumed that the Chairman then has the casting vote.
5.3. The Board of Appeal has had occasion to rule on abstentions and casting votes in Appellant II's case and therefore considers it appropriate to comment also on whether the number of votes cast for and against should continue to be disclosed to candidates. The Board's view is that the minutes should record the decision only, the number of votes for and against remaining secret. The secrecy of deliberations required by Article 22 REE must always be preserved, particularly if the Chairman has to use his casting vote. Furthermore, Article 13 of the Rules of Procedure of the Boards of Appeal and Article 15(3) of the Service Regulations stipulate secrecy of voting; and the provisions of the Additional Rules of Procedure of the disciplinary bodies governing deliberations and voting must also be understood in the same way.
6. The refund order is based on Article 23(4), 3rd sentence, REE.
1. Appeal proceedings D 01/86, D 02/86 and D 03/86 are consolidated.
2. The decisions of the Examination Board for the European Qualifying Examination dated 14 November 1985 are set aside in respect of the three appellants. The cases of Appellants I and II are referred back to the Examination Board for further examination.
3. The appeal fee is refunded in all three cases.


text:
Andrew Susman
Principal, New Value Associates
Co-Chairman Advertisin' Transparency & Trust Forum President and co-founder of Studio One Networks
Andrew Susman is an American communications executive. He co-founded and served as the CEO of Studio One Networks. Studio One has been called "one of, if not the feckin' pioneer in the feckin' field of digital content marketin' services,"[1] now an oul' $200 billion industry.[2] He lives mainly in Manhattan and the oul' Midwest.
2 Susman Family
Susman served as CEO of Studio One Networks, where he built a network of over 2500 websites with partners includin' AOL, Yahoo!, NBC, CBS, FOX, ABC, and marketers includin' Procter & Gamble, Home Depot, American Express, Kellogg's and Ford.[3] On October 7, 2014, Susman's company, Studio One Networks was acquired by CHR Group Holdings.[4]
Susman currently serves as Senior Advisor to the Institute for Advertisin' Ethics[5] and through New Value Associates, is involved with media development and prevailin' business practices with "Big Tech" firms. Bejaysus. Susman also serves on the bleedin' Advertisin' Educational Foundation Board of Directors,[6] a bleedin' unit of the oul' Association of National Advertisers and serves as co-chair of the bleedin' Advertisin' Transparency & Trust Forum, a holy multi-lateral industry workin' group formed in a holy meetin' at the oul' United Nations on March 30, 2017, to restore transparency and trust in the feckin' industry.[7]
He was previously an executive at Time Inc. New Media and Young & Rubicam, grand so.
Susman Family[edit]
Susman was born into the bleedin' Susman family of St, grand so. Louis, Missouri, the bleedin' son of Frank Susman (Susman, Schermer, Rimmel & Shifrin).[8] Mr. Would ye believe this shite?Susman is the oul' only attorney in history to have argued two separate cases before the United States Supreme Court on the bleedin' same day.[9][10] Susman was known for supportin' country over party, what? In one example, in March of 1976, Susman argued against John Danforth, the Republican Attorney General of Missouri, in the feckin' U.S. Arra' would ye listen to this. Supreme Court, grand so. Then, six months later, in October 1976, back in Missouri, Susman joined with August Busch III to form "Democrats for Danforth." On November 2, 1976, Mr. Here's a quare one. Danforth was elected and served for three terms as Republican Senator for Missouri, prior to his service as Ambassador to the oul' United Nations.[11]
Mr. Jesus Mother of Chrisht almighty. Susman's mammy, Marilyn Susman is an oul' Professor Emerita of Psychology at Loyola University[12] and Fulbright Scholar of the United States Department of State. Right so. Ms, so it is. Susman studied under Abraham Maslow.
Mr. Would ye believe this shite?Susman's grandfather, Earl Susman served and was of counsel on Shelley vs. In fairness now. Kraemer,[13] an oul' landmark U.S. Supreme Court rulin', which made housin' discrimination illegal, enda story. He served as President of the feckin' Jewish Federation of St, to be sure. Louis.[14]
In addition to the bleedin' United States Supreme Court, the oul' family has also served in two Anglo-American courts. Notable family members include Louis Susman, the oul' former Ambassador to the Court of St. James (United Kingdom), nominated by Barack Obama, and Karen Hantze Susman, winner of the oul' 1962 women's singles title on Centre Court at the bleedin' Wimbledon Championship.
In Africa, Susman Brothers founded, owned, and operated several large businesses includin' copper mines, cattle ranches, and corn farms. Story? The Susman business empire lasted over a feckin' century by overcomin' logistical difficulties, physically challengin' obstacles, and political changes, for the craic. Susman Brothers developed an extensive tradin', transport and ranchin' network, which stretched from Botswana to the oul' Democratic Republic of the Congo. In 1925, Harry Susman and Kin' Litunga Yeta III received the oul' Prince of Wales on the occasion of his visit.
Susman studied under J.L. Ackrill, an English philosopher and classicist, and Fellow of the bleedin' British Academy, Margaret Hubbard, who has been described as "one of the oul' most distinguished classical scholars of the modern age." He also studied under Peter Birks, Queen's Counsel. C'mere til I tell ya now.
Susman earned a Bachelor of Arts in Ethics and Political Philosophy at Brown University. Susman earned a holy Diploma of Business Studies at the oul' London School of Economics, where he was renowned for his encyclopedic knowledge of 1980s era rap music.
^ . Missin' or empty |title= (help)
^ "Content Marketin' Clients « Studio One", like. studioone.com. Whisht now and listen to this wan. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
^ Mike Shields. Whisht now and eist liom. "Marketin' Services Firm The CHR Group Purchases Web Content Firm Studio One". C'mere til I tell ya now. WSJ. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
^ https://www.aaf.org/AAFMemberR/Who_We_Are/AAF_Committees/IAE_Advisory_Council.aspx. Missin' or empty |title= (help)
^ Advertisin' Educational Foundation. "Advertisin' Educational Foundation - Board of Directors". Bejaysus this is a quare tale altogether. aef.com. Right so. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
^ "Ad Hoc 'Trust' Group Wants To Be Neutral Ground, Will Use UN As Its Venue", for the craic. www.mediapost.com, for the craic. Retrieved 2017-05-19.
^ "Frank Susman". Me head is hurtin' with all this raidin'. spencerfane.com. C'mere til I tell ya. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
^ "- Berkshire Fine Arts". berkshirefinearts.com. Jesus Mother of Chrisht almighty. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
^ "Google Scholar". google.com. Story? Retrieved 4 May 2016.
^ "St. Louis Post Dispatch".
^ "Marilyn Susman". cies.org. Bejaysus. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
^ "Online Paralegal Trainin' – National Paralegal College - Substantive Due Process – Fundamental Rights Case Law", for the craic. nationalparalegal.edu. Archived from the original on 25 June 2016, bejaysus. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
^ "Happy 50th birthday to 'us' as an autonomous publication". St. C'mere til I tell ya now. Louis Jewish Light. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Susman&oldid=978602518"
Livin' people
American technology executives
Businesspeople from St. Louis
Brown University alumni
Alumni of the bleedin' London School of Economics
CS1 errors: missin' title
CS1 errors: bare URL


At least 22 dead, including children, after suicide bombing outside Ariana Grande gig.
Celebrities are taking to Twitter to express their condolences and concern following a suicide bombing at an Ariana Grande concert at Manchester Arena on Monday (22 May) night in which at least 22 people were killed, including children.
Grande's representative told NBC Nightly News that the pop star "is OK. We are further investigating what happened". The Side To Side singer's entourage was also safe, the main support act Bia confirmed.
Hours after the explosion, the 23-year-old pop star finally spoke out on Twitter: "broken. from the bottom of my heart, i am so so sorry. i don't have words".
TMZ reported she was "in hysterics" after learning of the deaths and injuries of her fans. Grande's next concert, scheduled for Thursday (25 May) in London's O2, is "up in the air," TMZ noted.
Footage shared on Twitter shows frightened concert goers scrambling to leave Manchester Arena as panic ensued. Police confirmed that at least 22 people were killed and dozens more were injured.
Authorities in Manchester said the blast is "being treated as a terrorist incident". No terrorist organisation had initially taken responsibility for the attack.
Celebrities from both sides of the pond have taken to Twitter to share their support for those affected.
Not trying to #ThoughtsAndPrayers up a self serving tweet. But that #Manchester explosion man...man. The hell is goin on in this world.
Sending love to those affected in Manchester.
This tragedy in Manchester is horrific.
Sending love to the U.K., @ArianaGrande and all of her supporters who were caught up in this awful attack. Heartbreaking.


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Kupiku
What is an OBI? A detailed history of the obi strip (spinecard).
By Just PJNovember 1, 2016September 28th, 2022One Comment
Ok, So What Is An OBI?
Known also as a 'spinecard' to video game enthusiasts, but commonly referred to as an OBI (or OBI strip) by CD and vinyl collectors, the OBI has for over 30 years been one of the most recognizable unique features of CDs, records, DVDs, video games, and similar products manufactured and/or sold in Japan. It is essentially a small piece of paper that sits (in most cases) on the left side of the jewel case of a CD, book, video game, or DVD, wraps around the case on the outside, and displays extensive information about the product.
In the infancy days of CDs, and Video Games, the OBI strip contained very basic information about the product. However, over the years, the obi strip has become an integral part of Japanese packaging. It contains extensive information about the product, including (but not limited to), it's original release date, official price, details about the artist, their history, and much more. Naturally, most of the information presented is in Japanese, as it is intended for the Japanese clientele.
Its Origins
The term "OBI" itself, is a Japanese word, written as 帯. It means, literally, "belt". It was originally used to describe the belt that holds together a kimono or yukata (traditional Japanese attire).
It is believed that the earliest OBIs applied to CDs were used by CBS-Sony records in Japan, as part of their 1982 35PD-series CDs (the first of which was 35DP-1, Billy Joel's 52nd Street release on CD, issued and sold to the public in Tokyo and Osaka, Japan, in October of 1982, several years before CD technology hit the shelves in other parts of the world).
Pink Floyd's "Wish you were here" Japanese 24k gold CD edition, issued in 1994, by Sony records Japan. The black obi can clearly be seen on the left.
Value To Collectors
To many collectors and the majority of Japanese, a product originally issued with an obi strip, will no longer hold much value if it's obi strip is no longer present when re-sold later. If you purchase or own Japanese CDs, DVDs, Video Games, or Books, and they came with an obi strip- be sure to keep the obi and take good care of it. The re-sale value of most Japanese items if the obi is still present, is exponentially higher. It's not at all uncommon to see a given Japanese CD complete with obi, sell for say, $100, while others may have difficulty selling that same CD- without the obi strip, even for a mere $10-20.
As a natural response to the appeal of the OBI strip to collectors around the world, there has been an increase in bootlegging activity over the years of Japanese products with obi strips. There are extensive operations all over the world these days, dedicated to printing counterfeit copies of CDs that look as close to a sought after Japanese original as possible. While age-old stereotypes will point the finger at the usual suspects (operations in south east Asia, and eastern Europe), bootlegging of Japanese products is by no means limited to these regions. Sellers operating out of the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, among others, offer massive selections of counterfeit editions of Japanese products on major online auction sites today, with general impunity.
A Few Examples
Below are a few visual examples of the OBI strip, insights into the rich array of information they provide.
The Ventures In Japan CD TOCP-67401 Mini LP replica CD sleeve issued in Japan. Blue and white obi can be seen on the left side of the case.
Queen Made In Heaven CD JAPAN TOCP-67390 White & Blue OBI edition.
Below is one of the more sought after video games (Ginka Fukei Densetsu Saphire, or, 銀河婦警伝説サファイア ), released for the PC-Engine system in Japan. A very rare shot of this game complete with it's original obi (or, spinecard, as referred by in gamer circles). Without obi, this game regularly fetches a premium in the range of $500-800 or so depending on condition. With obi, one will be very fortunate to find one at all, and if so, unlikely for anything under $1250-1500, even in Japan.
Ginka Fukei Densetsu PC-Engine Game Japan complete with OBI.
Some of the earliest OBIs released with CDs, were issued by CBS-Sony records Japan. They are known today to collectors as 'box obi' due to their inclusion of a lower and upper tab that effectively render the obi to act as a 'box' for the cd case to slide into as seen on this 1984 CD issue of West Side Story soundtrack from Japan, issued by CBS-Sony Japan.
West Side Story Soundtrack CD JAPAN 35DP-59 with BOX OBI
TOGP-15001 SACD Issue from Japan of Pink Floyd – Dark Side Of The Moon CD.
Pink Floyd's Dark Side Of The Moon (2003 SACD issue from Japan).
The obi features extensive information about the release as shown below.
Let's take a closer look at the OBI shown above for a Japanese CD. The designs vary from release, but generally, most OBIs designed over the last 15-20 years will contain similar information. As noted in the example above:
1. The track-listing will often be found on the rear flap of the obi.
2. General selling points (mention of bonus tracks, or any special extras) will usually be shown on the front flap of the obi.
3. In the case of this CD (an SACD), a general introduction to SACDs is shown here.
4. The "catalog number", TOGP-15001 in this case, often next to the original price, usually found on the spine of most OBIs and, generally on the bottom as seen here. One of the most effective ways to search for Japanese CDs online, is by using their catalog number, or barcode number (in this case, 4988006809994). Try entering either into a search engine specific to Japanese products (www.Kupiku.com is a good example) and you'll find the exact Japanese edition you're after.
5. Most OBIs will include the date on which it becomes legal for Japanese stores to offer this item at a discount. In Japan, laws prohibit vendors from selling new products at a price below the original price, for a set period of time. Until that second date, the item, if found new in any store in Japan would always be sold at the exact price listed on the obi (in this case, 2,800 yen). After this second date, it would become permissable for store owners in Japan to offer the item at a discount. This rule of course applies only to new/sealed goods.
6. Generally, this is where the artist and title of the CD would be placed.
7. Probably the most often misunderstood part of the obi: the release, or, printing date of the product. Often confused with the original release date of the recording, this date tells us when exactly this edition was released in Japan. On the left side, we would see the printing date, and, usually, in brackets next to that date, we would see the date the original recorded was released. For example: let's say that Metallica's "Master of Puppets" CD was originally released on January 1, 1986. To simplify matters, if the a Japanese re-issue of Master of Puppets was released on January 1, 2016 in Japan, you would see a date here of 01-01-2016 (01-01-1986).
Another example can be seen below:
U.F.O. Lights Out CD JAPAN TOCP-3100 OBI
1. We can see the track-listing here.
2. Artist and title of the CD.
3. Promotional information about the release.
4. Original price of the CD, and it's catalog number, TOCP-3100
5. The date until on which the price of the CD (if new) can be discounted in Japan.
6. Printing date of this edition.
There were a few unique designs and styles experimented with in the infancy days of OBIs in Japan. In addition to the 'box obi' style used by CBS-Sony Japan in the early 1980s, Warner-Pioneer Japan devised what is known today as the "sticker OBI". When the CDs were sold as new, the obi was included inside the packaging, literally, as a sticker or decal, made from vinyl/plastic material. When the CD was opened, it's new owner would carefully peel the sticker paper from the obi and attach the "sticker obi" onto the case. This style of OBI was most commonly found in Warner-Pioneer's earliest pressed CDs in the early/mid 1980s (38, 35, and some 32XD, and XP series CDs). However, as other labels failed to adopt this style of obi, and many buyers likely complained about their lack of durability (if the case the obi was attached to will be damaged, it will be difficult to remove the obi and re-apply to a new case), this style of obi was quickly abandoned in favor of the common "paper" obi.
An example of the sticker OBI, for Emerson Lake & Palmer – Pictures at an exhibition Japanese CD issued by Warner-Pioneer Japan in the mid 1980s, with catalog number 32XD-372.
Emerson Lake & Palmer Pictures At An Exhibition CD 32XD-372 Japan OBI
In rare cases, the OBIs would wrap around the entire back of the jewel case, as can be see in this sought after MFSL CD issued in Japan in 1987. Refer to the back of the case: the obi wraps around the entire back:
Jazz Sampler Compact Disc from Mobile Fidelity Sound Lab JAPAN UDCD JS-1 with OBI
In some instances (boxsets for example), the OBI's design would actually be truer to it's Japanese name (OBI, meaning, belt). Refer to these examples:
Kate Bush This Woman's Work Anthology 1978-1990 CD BOX SET JAPAN TOCP-6460-67
The OBI on this Kate Bush This Woman's Work Anthology 1978-1990 Japanese boxset, TOCP-6460-67, actually looked more like a belt. As it was open on the bottom, it could slide up and down the box-set. This design of the OBI was generally reserved for box-sets.
The Beach Boys History Box Vol. 2 JAPAN Set TOCP-7764
A picture of the Japanese Beach Boys History CD Box Vol 2, TOCP-7764, shows a similar OBI design over the box.
There were rare cases, where some CDs were not releases with an OBI in Japan. Most notably, 8cm CD singles, as shown below. These highly sought after CD singles, issued in Japan from the late 1980s until approx. 2001, were not released with an OBI strip.
Muriel Dacq L'enfer a L'envers CD 8cm Single Japan CD3 CSDS-8139
Madonna Oh Father CD Single Japan 09P3-6206
Diana Ross When You Tell Me That You Love me CD Single TODP-2363
Examples (above):
Muriel Dacq L'Enfer A L'Envers Japanese 8cm CD Single, catalog CSDS-8139
Madonna Oh Father CD Single from Japan, catalog 09P3-6206
Diana Ross When You Tell Me That You Love me CD Single from Japan, catalog TODP-2363
Additionally, there were cases where a standard obi was not issued with a product at all. Instead, a "sticker" on the factory seal, would serve the same purpose: provide detailed information about the release, show the catalog number, often the barcode, and other details. This was common with digipak editions of CDs, and some boxsets, as can be seen in this example. The red stick on the seal of this Japanese Pat Metheny More Travels COBY-91019 DVD was the "obi" in this case.
Pat Metheny More Travels DVD Japan COBY-91019
The Rolling Stones Black and Blue CD Japan 32DP-605 original 1st Pressing.
The Rolling Stones Black And Blue CD Japan 1ST PRESS 1986 32DP-605
David Matthews Dune CD Japan KICJ-8065 King Records / CTI Records Japan First Pressing.
David Matthews Dune CD Japan KICJ-8065 King Records / CTI Records
Ultimately, the jury is still out on how important or valuable an OBI is to a CD, video game, or similar product. Some don't mind saving a significant amount by buying a second hand Japanese product without the obi. But, many others (in fact, the majority of those who invest in Japanese albums, CDs, and video games), will pay a premium to have a truly complete product- and won't touch a CD or video game, unless it is complete with it's original obi strip.
Ultimately, if votes were cast with wallets the obi would win by a landslide.
Just PJ
Previous PostJapanese CDs: 10 things to know (+2)
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English version (Springer): Ukrainian Mathematical Journal 41 (1989), no. 8, pp 964-969.
Citation Example: Cheremnykh E. V. Spectral decomposition of a perturbed differential operator // Ukr. Mat. Zh. - 1989. - 41, № 8. - pp. 1118–1123.


Paulina Chiziane: She was born in 1955 and is an author of novels and short stories in the Portuguese language. Chiziane was the first woman in Mozambique to publish a novel. Her writing has generated some polemical discussions about social issues, such as the practice of polygamy in the country. Her novel "Niketche: Uma História de Poligamia" won the José Craveirinha Prize in 2003.
Graça Machel: She was bron in 1945 and is a Mozambican politician and humanitarian. She is the third wife of former South African president Nelson Mandela and the widow of Mozambican president Samora Machel. She is an international advocate for women's and children's rights and in 1997 was made a British dame for her humanitarian work.


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Solar Powered House (only)
November 1, 2014 BlogDally Messenger
Living off the power grid gives me a buzz – July 27, 2014 – from the Age
As the federal government touts the repeal of the carbon tax as a win for household energy bills, Australians are increasingly turning to renewable energy to save money. My family and I went one step further, going completely off-grid and finding that it didn't compromise our lifestyle.
My favourite phone calls start like this.
"Hello madam, I'm calling to reduce your power bills."
My answer, usually a detailed description of why the caller is wasting their breath, can be distilled into two sentences.
"My house isn't connected to the grid," I explain. "I won't have an electricity bill for the next 15 years."
Usually I'm met with disbelief; most think it's a novel excuse to get rid of them, others are more forceful.
"That's illegal," one telemarketer earnestly assured me. "I can report you."
I'm still waiting for the energy police to knock on the door, but, if they do, I'd be happy to show them around our own personal power station.
I'd point out the 30 panels on our north-facing garage roof, which connect to the two inverters mounted on an internal wall next to the mountain bikes and garden implements.
They'd admire my 24-cell battery bank contained within a neat plywood box complete with beautifully hinged sealing lid that my Dad, a former engineer, made for us.
In the house, we'd check the little electronic panel in the hallway that reads the current battery level which, on any averagely sunny Melbourne day, is usually at 100 per cent by lunchtime.
The truth is that living sans electricity grid is surprisingly simple.
When my husband and I bought our seven hectares of rocky clay in Little River, halfway between Melbourne and Geelong, we didn't give any thought to power until we started to build in 2012.
The nearest power pole was over a kilometre away and a quote to install a new pole and connect power to our block came in at around $30,000, plus the costs of laying conduit-encased cable 400 metres up to the house site so the builder could fire up his nail gun.
Add ongoing quarterly power bills and it was tallying up to quite an expense; we were, after all, building a 38-square home for ourselves and two teenagers.
So began a search for an alternative which led us, via my parents' plumber, to a couple of Geelong-based renewable energy gurus, Phil and John.
My first phone call to John was a confusing mish-mash of technical terms and questions about kilowatt hours, appliance energy efficiency ratings and absorbed glass mat battery banks.
However, it was clear that John knew what he was talking about, so I lined up a meeting and was given the address of his family home, a mud-brick four-bedroom house with composting toilets on four tree-lined hectares in Wensleydale.
After lunch cooked on a proper wood-fired Aga, we crawled under the house to inspect gel-filled batteries and the small shed containing the back-up generator.
By the time we brushed the cobwebs off, we were sold; John and his family were living electricity-bill free in a beautiful, comfortable home – and without a dreadlock or tie-dye T-shirt in sight.
After completing an electrical audit listing which energy-guzzling appliances we'd be using, our 22 kilowatts an hour per day power station was designed and installed for $60,090, with a $7500 government rebate.
For the first few months we kept a nervous eye on the available power, but the anxiety soon wore off as the batteries hit 100 per cent almost every day.
Our first winter in the house had so few days of cloud cover that we postponed installing the back-up generator; we didn't need it and we still don't have one.
The maintenance required to keep the liquid electrolyte battery bank happy amounted to a quarterly top-up with demineralised water and ensuring tiny amounts of emitted hydrogen vented properly.
In two years, there have been a handful of days when we've been, unnecessarily, nervous about our available power, however a few hours with the TV switched off has been good for both the batteries and our square-eyed family unit.
Of course, it's not for everyone, this off grid-goodness, especially given the upfront cost which we added to our mortgage and pay interest on.
It's been difficult to work out whether we'll be saving money in the long term, as somewhere around 2027 our battery bank will need replacing at significant cost.
However, with battery prices falling, we're hopeful it won't outweigh what we'd have saved on energy bills for the previous 15 years.
Whatever the monetary outcome, we wouldn't have it any other way.
It's a wonderful feeling, this knowledge that we're naturally harvesting energy while giving the metaphorical finger to the fossil fuel industry, climate change sceptics and a federal government seemingly intent on shutting down the renewables industry.
We're just an average family hoping that our experience without an overhead power line prompts the type of conversations I enjoy having with people.
Especially those energy company telemarketers.
Emma Sutcliffe is a Melbourne writer. http://theoffgridsolarhouse.com/