text:
Q: Is "milk is more preferable to tea" grammatically correct? Is it grammatically correct?

Milk is more preferable to tea.

I think preferable in itself is an absolute adjective so more preferable does not make any sense
but if it is correct please give me more details

A: According to Collins Dictionary, in British English the more should be omitted. It doesn't specify for American English.
preferable USAGE

Since preferable already means more desirable, one should not say
  something is more preferable or most preferable

I think you'll probably find that more preferable is used quite often, despite being technically incorrect. I'd even go as far as to say more preferable is even more common than just preferable on its own.
A situation where you might legitimately use more preferable is a sentence like:

Milk and tea are both preferable to water, but milk is more preferable.

A: more adds comparison no matter what. So, when you compare two things, more just says which one is better. In this case, milk is more preferable. It adds up a degree.
To understand this, we can take another example. Suppose the conversation is going on like...

What should I prefer having? Coffee or tea? ~ Well, coffee is preferable.  Okay, and what about milk? ~ Ah, milk is more preferable than coffee.

So, in some contexts, it emphasizes that something is better than the other thing.

A: "Milk is more preferable to tea."
This is grammatically incorrect if you are seeking to convey a preference for milk over tea by a person.
Milk is the subject of the sentence.
Tea is the object.
The sentence (incorrectly I assume) places tea as having a preference about milk.
"more preferable to" demands that the next available noun function as the object of the sentence.
A related sentence:
Cold water is more preferable to Mrs Strauch.
This is grammatically correct if you are seeking to convey Mrs Strauch's preference for cold water.
However,
"Cold water is preferable to Mrs Strauch" has two separate and distinct meanings.
1. Mrs Strauch has a preference for cold water.
2. The speaker/writer prefers cold water to Mrs Strauch.
"is preferable to" allows for both possibilities.
This dual meaning is made use of in both humour and invective.

A: "Preference" is a binary decision in the sense that the object of preference is more desirable than the alternative(s). So, it makes no sense to say "more preferable" because if it is preferred then it is already more desirable as already pointed out above. As J.R. points out, it is an absolute adjective. However, "more preferred" may make more sense in casual conversation. For example, if someone is talking about the preferences of a group of people then they might say that vanilla is more preferred than strawberry, meaning that vanilla is preferred more often or by more people than strawberry. This, of course, is ridiculous as everyone knows that strawberry is universally preferred to vanilla.

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text:
Department of Philosophy and Religion
Dr. Kim Q. Hall
Books and Edited Volumes
Queering Philosophy (under contract with Rowman and Littlefield International).
Oxford Handbook of Feminist Philosophy (under contract with Oxford University Press), co-editor with Ásta Sveinsdóttir.
New Conversations in Feminist Disability Studies, Special Issue of Hypatia: Journal of Feminist Philosophy 30.1 (2015), guest editor.
Feminist Disability Studies (Indiana University Press, 2011), Editor.
Special issue of NWSA Journal on Feminist Disability Studies, vol.14, no.3 (Fall 2002), guest editor.
Whiteness: Feminist Philosophical Reflections, co-edited with Chris J. Cuomo (Lanham, Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield, 1999).
Selected Articles and Book Chapters
"On Being Slow: Philosophy and Disability in the U.S. South," in Philosophy in and of the South, ed. Shannon Sullivan (Northwestern University Press, forthcoming).
"Romancing the Pig: A Queer Crip Tale from BBQ to Xenotransplantation," in Meat: A Transnational Analysis, eds. Sushmita Chatterjee and Banu Subramaniam (Duke University Press, forthcoming).
"Thinking Queerly about Sex and Sexuality," in The Philosophy of Sex, 7th edition, eds. Raja Halwani, Alan Soble, Sarah Hoffman, and Jacob M. Held (Rowman and Littlefield, 2017).
"Feminist and Queer Intersections with Disability Studies," in The Routledge Companion to Feminist Philosophy, eds. Ann Gary, Serene Khader, and Alison Stone (Routledge, 2017).
"Queer Epistemology and Epistemic Injustice," In The Routledge Handbook on Epistemic Injustice, eds. Gaile Pohlhaus, Ian Kidd, and José Medina (Routledge, 2017).
"Cripping Sustainability, Realizing Food Justice," In Disability Studies and the Environmental Humanities: An Anthology, eds. Sarah Jacquette Ray and J.C. Sibara (University of Nebraska Press, 2017).
"New Conversations in Feminist Disability Studies: Feminism, Philosophy, and Borders," Editor's Introduction to guest edited special issue of Hypatia Journal of Feminist Philosophy titled New Conversations in Feminist Disability Studies 30:1 (2015): 1-12.
"Toward a Queer Crip Feminist Politics of Food," philoSOPHIA: A Journal of Continental Feminism 14.2 (Summer 2014: 177-196.
"No Failure: Climate Change, Radical Hope, and Queer Crip Feminist Futures," Radical Philosophy Review, Vol. 17, No.1, 2014: 203-225.
"'Not Much to Praise in Such Seeking and Finding': Evolutionary Psychology, the Biological Turn in the Humanities, and the Epistemology of Ignorance," Hypatia: Journal of Feminist Philosophy, Vol. 27, No.1, Spring 2012: 28-49.
"Queer Breasted Experience," In "You've Changed: Sex Reassignment and Personal Identity, ed. Laurie J. Shrage (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 121-134.
"Queer Breasted Experience," American Philosophical Association Newsletter on Feminism and Philosophy, Vol.6, No.2, Spring 2007.
"Queerness, Disability, and the Vagina Monologues," Hypatia: Journal of Feminist Philosophy 20(1), Winter 2005, 99-119. Reprinted in Philosophy and Sex, 4th edition, eds. Robert B. Baker and Kathleen J. Wininger (Prometheus Books, 2009).
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Kim Q. Hall
Davis Hankins
Alan Hauser
William Hutchins
Jack Kwong
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Conrad E. Ostwalt
Randall Reed
Ray Ruble
Kevin Schilbrack
Jesse Taylor
Stephanie Yep
Dr. Kevin Schilbrack
114 I.G. Greer Hall
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text:
E.P.K.
PAUL BONN
"At The House of Blue Lights"
(CONTINENTAL U.S. ONLY)
Paul Bonn & the Bluesmen
Singer, composer and entertainer Paul Bonn has been electrifying audiences for more than fifty years throughout the Midwest. The Bluesmen feature some of the finest players from the St. Louis area, with decades of experience performing throughout the world.
Paul Bonn & The Bluesmen feature Paul on vocals, harmonica, and percussion, John Higgerson on lead guitar, Robert Lloyd on bass, and Derek Bonn on drums. Their material includes traditional blues, soul, R&B and Lousiana classics and originals.
Since the successful release of Paul's "50 Years" cd in January 2017, the group has been charging forward full throttle, touring the Midwest and constantly performing around St. Louis.
"50 Years" CD Review
By Michael Higgins
IT WAS YEAR 38.
A brutally humid 2005 STL summer's eve, and Paul Bonn sings with The Hard Tale Blues Band at Beale On Broadway. The air is so stifling, Bonn's glasses keep fogging up. I'd never seen him before, but there he is in all his glory, shaking maracas and shimmying hypnotically into the crowd. The song 'The Tiki Bar Is Open' is classic John Hiatt, yet, Paul's voice churns a rhythmic original. The crowd's spirit lifts as Bonn's fogged, smiling gaze meets eyes. Emotionally oozing, the groove hits the soul. The music is stunning.
Twelve years later, 50 YEARS of music have blossomed into a sweet celebration.
September 7th marked the start of Paul Bonn's 50 YEARS Tour. Beginning at The Old Rock House, a full calendar of live shows are celebrating his first solo CD. Primed with original blues & soul, 50 YEARS not only sports 13 songs penned over three decades, it showcases some of St. Louis' finest blues musicians.
Bonn himself hails from Illinois. Born and raised in Belleville, he's lived in O'Fallon the past 37 years. With his gritty and soulful voice, you wouldn't think his journey started in 1964 behind a drum kit, but that (combined with his passion for The Beatles) actually endeared him to a regional band named The Ash. There, he drummed with guys already receiving airplay on rock & roll powerhouse K-SHE 95. But alas, where did he catch the blues?
Turns out, it was all around him.
Bonn's love for The Beatles was step one. Anyone who's followed the group knows about their deep respect for American blues and R&B. Thanks to that, Albert and BB King soon grabbed Bonn's ear. But when his future wife Kate caught his eye, she not only stole his heart, she made off with his soul. Or introduced him to her soul music collection, that is.
With the love of his life at his hip, and hip music moving his spirit, the late 70's opened a new horizon. "I was playing drums with a local bar band," Bonn laughs. "That group didn't care if ANYONE sang. So, I just went ahead and did it." During this time, Bonn would also sneak across the river and catch the Soulard Blues Band in south St. Louis. Watching the up and coming blues masters sealed the deal. "I realized, hey, this is what I love," smiles Bonn. "I can do this."
And do it, he has. Though he's performed in STL for decades, finding Paul Bonn on record is tricky business. It's a treasure hunt well worth taking though. Bonn's voice has fronted the likes of Shakey Ground, Los Carnales and The Bar Room Troubadours. The talent on those recordings are both ear and eye opening: former Fabulous Thunderbirds bass guru Preston Hubbard; blues harp legend Arthur Williams; the masterful Roomful Of Blues horn section; blues guitar slingers Rich McDonough, Elliot Sowell and Ryan Waked; Soulard Blues Band tumpeter/vocalist Brian Casserely.
50 YEARS takes that to an all new level.
Right from the go, Bonn's deepest musical memories are sparked. 'East Side House Party', a ruffling shuffle featuring Soulard Blues Band founder Art Dwyer on bass and Big George Brock's fireplug Matthew Lesch on guitar, reworks the 'juke like' atmosphere of the young Bonn household. Back then, his mother Shirley played non-stop piano. Neighboring friends and strangers were welcomed with open arms. Likewise, the CD's last track is none other than mama Bonn herself. Using a years old home recording of her playing Louis Armstrong's 'What A Wonderful World', Paul voiced-over his vocals as a tribute to not only her, but his father Hap Bonn. Turns out it was his dad's favorite song.
But sentiment aside, the meat and potatoes of 50 YEARS is a smorgasbord of rhythm and blues. The stylistic range shines. For example, Bonn uses Brian Curran's intricate slide to lay out a bluesy Mississippi Fred McDowell like take on the gospel 'You Gotta Move'. Yet, dance shoes really start moving a little later. Anchored by Bonn's touring core of John Higgerson on guitar (David Dee), son and producer Derek Bonn on drums (Jeff Chapman, Los Carnales) and Sharon Foehner's wonderful bass (James Crutchfield, Bennie Smith, Tommy Bankhead, Rough Grooves), 'Here It Comes Again' is a titilating groove of positivity. Driven by the warmth and excitement of Foehner's bass and Higgerson's axe, their interplay might be the funkiest blues groove of 2017. And the fun still runs red lights from there. Songs like 'Uncle Jim's Wine', 'Hypnotized' and 'Centerville Boogie' burst with juke joint frolic. But 'Packin' House Blues' might hold the deepest merit. Having spent the better part of his life literally working the "killing floor', Bonn and company grind a marching rhythm that wears down dance shoes just like he used to wear down his own working boots. And of extra special note, the Otis Rush styled 'I Still Believe I Can' not only carries the weight of personal aspiration, it's graced by the great bass of STL blues legend Gus Thornton (Albert King, Marquise Knox, Kim Massie).
50 YEARS is truly a celebratory present. Bonn's songwriting is strong, earning deep respect. So much respect in fact, it seems half of St. Louis' blues talent came out to play with him. Among those I haven't already mentioned are: Tom Slim Louis (bass), Jeff Sheehan (guitar), Frank Bauer (sax), Sal Ruelas (bass), Alice Monroe (background vocals), Matt Davis (keyboards), and Paul Niehaus IV with Jon Erblich (bass and harp respectively) on 'Stop The Killin", a featured track on the St. Louis Blues Society's 16 IN 16 release.
It's hard to fathom that I first saw Paul Bonn sing twelve years ago. The exuberance and passion of that first night has aged both skillfully and gracefully. 50 YEARS is a pure testament to that growth. An absolute must listen, this is a St. Louis blues release of unique historical value. Great sounds await. Let's just hope we don't have to wait to year 100 for the next offering. Enjoy!! And don't miss out on the live shows coming up!
Other Reviews...
"Paul Bonn and The Bluesmen are a rock-solid machine of blues grooves that are sure to please. Paul Bonn is a consulate performer who brings his all to every word of what he sings."
-Paul Niehaus IV
St. Louis Blues Society Board member, Owner-Blue Lotus Studios
"Paul Bonn and The Bluesmen specialize in the beautiful, gritty, urban/rural sounds that are the St. Louis blues, with the best elements of Texas, Chi-Town, and Louisiana Gulf Coast blues "n" soul "n" roll along for the ride. This is a trip you just shouldn't miss."
-Lee Howland
88.1 KDHX DJ for Rhythm Highways
Listen to the Bluesmen…
Watch the Bluesmen…
Complete Show List
2/1 Hammerstone's- St. Louis, MO 9:00-1:00
2/8 Trueman's Place- Fenton, MO 7:00-10:30
2/13 Hammerstone's- St. Louis, MO 8:00-12:00
2/22 Hammerstone's (Mardis Gras Grand Parade) Time t.b.a.
2/22 Over Under- St. Louis, Mo 9:00-1:00
2/25 Highway 61 Roadhouse (Fat Tuesday Celebration) Webster Groves, MO 6:00-10:00
2/28 Paul Bonn (Acoustic trio) Hemingway's Zen Garden- O'Fallon, IL 8:00-11:00
2/29 Concord Farmers Club- St. Louis, MO 7:00-11:00
3/1 Crehan's- Belleville, IL 4:00-8:00
3/6 Highway 61 Roadhouse- Webster Groves, MO 7:00-10:00
3/21 Club Sevens at the Casino Queen- East St. Louis, IL 7:00-11:00
3/28 Patton Alley Pub- Springfield, MO 9:00-1:00
4/10 (Private Event)
4/18 Da Nite Tavern- Murphysboro, IL 9:00-1:00
4/24 Knuckle Down Saloon- Madison, WI 9:00-1:00
4/25 Harmony Bar and Grill- Madison, WI 9:45-1:00
5/1 Third Base Sports Bar- Springfield, IL 8:00-12:00
5/9 Patton Alley Pub- Springfield, MO 9:00-1:00
5/16 Backstreet Wine and Dine- Hecker, IL 9:00-1:00
5/18 The Gaslight Theater- St. Louis, MO 7:30-9:00
5/19 The Dark Room- St. Louis, MO 8:00-11:00
5/21 The Washington- Burlington, IA (Time t.b.a.)
5/22 The Blu-Room- Dubuque, IA 8:00-11:00
5/23 Cave Hollow West Winery- Hannibal, MO 4:00-7:00
5/24 The Club Tavern- Quincy, IL (Time t.b.a.)
Contact the Bluesmen…
Please visit our Facebook Events Page.
Paul Bonn and The Bluesmen
Paul Bonn & the Bluesmen Shop
Go to your SHOPPING CART!
Paul Bonn at the House of Blue Lights (CD)
16 in 16 CD
50 Years CD
Club Owners and Press: Download our Paul Bonn & the Bluesmen PRESS PROMO KIT.
Copyright Paul Bonn & the Bluesmen | Website by RO Communication


text:
China's 2014 economic growth misses target, hits 24-year low
A worker rides past a poster showing Beijing's central business district outside a construction site in Beijing, December 29, 2014. REUTERS/Jason Lee
By Kevin Yao and Pete Sweeney
BEIJING/SHANGHAI (Reuters) - China's economy grew at its slowest pace in 24 years in 2014 as property prices cooled and companies and local governments struggled under heavy debt burdens, keeping pressure on Beijing to take aggressive steps to avoid a sharper downturn.
European and Asian shares in fact rose on relief that the news was not worse; the Shanghai Composite index gained 1.85 percent, Japan's Nikkei 225 index saw its biggest one-day gain in a month and European markets rallied.
But for investors worried about growth in China and the world this year, the data poses two questions:
Will the soft numbers and expectations of further weakness force the central bank to pump hundreds of billions of dollars into banks system-wide to prop up growth? And if so, what does that mean for Beijing's attempts to reform its economy?
The world's second-largest economy grew 7.4 percent in 2014, official data showed on Tuesday, barely missing its official 7.5 percent target but still the slowest since 1990, when it was hit by sanctions in the wake of the Tiananmen Square crackdown. It expanded 7.7 percent in 2013.
Fourth-quarter growth held steady at 7.3 percent from a year earlier, slightly better than expectations.
Few had expected China to meet its 7.5 percent full-year target, but the performance was better than some had feared after a rough few months raised concerns the economy may be heading for a hard landing.
"The country's period of miraculous break-neck growth is over, but let's get over it," said a commentary on the official Xinhua news service, referring to a long string of double-digit expansion.
"The end of the high-speed growth era does not spell an end for China's economy."
"QUITE POSITIVE DEVELOPMENT"
Modest support measures from the government over the year helped stave off a more dramatic slowdown, while Beijing's tolerance of somewhat slower growth sent a message that reform remains a priority.
"This is the best possible miss you could have from a messaging standpoint," said Andrew Polk, economist at the Conference Board in Beijing.
"The government is saying, 'we're not married to this specific target, we missed it and we're okay.' That seems to me a quite positive development."
Still, a further slowdown in China could hinder the chances of a revival in global growth in 2015, given the major role it plays, in particular for commodities and high-tech.
Indeed, Polk said the GDP figure was difficult to square with other negative signs.
China's property market - a major driver of demand across a range of industries - has proven stubbornly unresponsive to policy support, and lending data from the banking system shows both enduring weakness and a resurgence in the shadow banking system, which Beijing has been struggling to rein in.
Policymakers also are concerned about the potential onset of a deflationary cycle, aggravated by plummeting energy prices, industrial overcapacity and sluggish demand.
Systemic deflation, an economically toxic cycle in which investors and consumers hold off on fresh spending on the assumption prices will drop further in the future, could leave China in a similar condition to Japan, and is cited as a major reason why Beijing will need to put more money into the system.
At the same time, there may be a looming fiscal crisis among debt-sodden local governments, which depend on land sales for most of their revenue. And more companies, especially small property developers, could flirt with default.
Nevertheless, the International Monetary Fund's chief economist Olivier Blanchard said slower growth seen for 2015 reflects a welcome decision by the Chinese government to rebalance the economy away from a heavy reliance on investment and exports to a more consumption-based growth model.
The IMF predicts China's economy will grow 6.8 percent in 2015, while the median forecast in a Reuters poll of economists sees an expansion of around 7 percent.
December data posted numerous upside surprises after a weak November. Factory output rose 7.9 percent, while retail sales rose 11.9 percent, both above market expectations.
However, growth in fixed asset investment, a key growth driver, eased to 15.7 percent in the whole of 2014 from the previous year, hovering near a 13-year low.
Investment growth in real estate slowed to a five-year low and new construction slumped, even as home sales improved at the end of the year.
MORE EASING OR LESS?
With China's growth seen cooling further this year, more support measures are still expected, though economists are divided over what tools policymakers will use and when.
"The overall numbers lower the need for further stimulus, although there remains some room for easing as risks are still skewed to the downside," said Dariusz Kowalczyk, economist at Credit Agricole in Hong Kong.
He expected the central bank to cut interest rates again in the first quarter, after a surprise move in November, and slash banks' required reserve ratio (RRR) by 100 basis points in the first half of 2015 in a bid to spur more lending.
Others, however, think Beijing may have to get more aggressive, even at risk of reinflating asset bubbles, given the need to reduce debt burdens at Chinese companies which are inhibiting them from fresh investments.
"I don't expect monetary policy to accelerate growth, though," said Wang of UBS.
"Final demand in the economy is very weak and it's unlikely that the corporate sector will take this credit and invest in new projects, so containing financial risk and stabilizing growth is the trend for this year."
(Additional reporting by Jake Spring; Editing by Kim Coghill)
Trump takes victory lap for slowdown in Chinese economy
3 Biotech Stocks That Could Double Your Money
London markets rise as China growth slump lifts stimulus hopes


text:
Italy Venice The 6 Best Luxury Hotels in Venice
The 6 Best Luxury Hotels in Venice
Luxury and boutique hotels in Venice, whether you're looking for a grand five-star hotel or a gem of a boutique hotel which few have heard about, we hope you can find here your perfect match.
#1 Hotel Londra Palace
The Hotel Londra Palace in Venice is a beautiful little hotel (just 53 rooms) on the lagoon and just a few minutes from St Mark's Square. I had a wonderful water view from two big windows that opened wide, and I was not the first to stand here and wonder.
Classier and better value than its neighbour, the Danieli, the Londra has good food in its restaurant and most bedrooms, with original paintings and Biedermeier furniture, have lagoon views. In the morning, heavy shutters keep them deliciously dark and quiet; open them and you lie in bed listening to the peaceful slap of waves on the Riva. Service is smooth and the twinkly-eyed concierge endears himself to everyone.
Back in 1877, Tchaikovsky stayed in Room 106 exactly three floors below where he composed the first three movements of the Fourth Symphony, which he first called Do Leoni ("the Two Lions") in honour of the lion of St Mark and the rampant English lion.
The concierges were superb, starting each day handing me a Herald-Tribune, with the Financial Times soon to follow. And as for the breakfast! It was included in the room rate, a generous buffet with fresh fruit such as strawberries.
#2 Ca' Pisani Hotel
The Ca' Pisani Hotel, Venice, is the first of a new crop of contemporary hotels to blatantly fly in the face of Venetian hotel tradition.
The Ca' Pisani Hotel may occupy the shell of a deep pink, 16th century palazzo, but inside it is cool, hip and undeniably chic: designer minimalist mixed with original features such as painted coffered ceilings, roof beams and marble floors, plus a collection of fine '30s and '40s beds, mirrors and wardrobes.
Breakfast and light meals are served in the basement restaurant.
#3 Ca' Maria Adele
Most 'Venetian style' hotels in this city are identical, but here's one with a difference. The 16th century palazzo is richly furnished, with plenty of damask, but plenty of originality too, especially in the five themed rooms, such as the decadent Sala Noir with its black chandelier. Standard rooms are all similar, all smart, with good bathrooms. There's a small terrace and the Ca' Maria Adele has fine views across to Salute.
#4 Hotel Cipriani
The Italians do this kind of style effortlessly well, of course. The very grand Splendido Hotel in Portofino, much loved by the likes of Madonna and Rod Stewart, and the Hotel Cipriani in Venice, a favourite of Uma Thurman, Salma Hayek, Sir Anthony Hopkins, Catherine Zeta-Jones and Sean Penn, are perfect examples of prime star-spotting territory.
#5 Ca' Sagredo Hotel
Remarkable for the 16th-century listed Grand Canal palazzo it occupies as much as for its facilities and services, Ca' Segredo is Venice's newest five-star hotel. The building has undergone meticulous restoration and boasts magnificent stucco work, chandeliers, gilding, opulent fabrics and fabulous works of art by the likes of Tiepolo and Longhi. With its prime canal frontage, many of the 42 luxurious rooms and suites have gorgeous watery views.
#6 Gritti Palace Hotel
Choose the Gritti Palace Hotel, not least because its central location is faultless. It's also a hotel of effortless charm; everyone here, from guests to waiters, seems delighted to be in Venice and associated with the Gritti.
Gaze out of the window from your room and you will find it almost impossible to tear your eyes away from the elegant decay of Venice, all part of this city's magic.
Venice City Guide and Things to Do


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Artificial Intelligence: Nearly 10 million euros in funding for new pr...
Artificial Intelligence: Nearly 10 million euros in funding for new projects
14. Dec 21
With its "Artificial Intelligence" funding initiative, the Volkswagen Foundation is strengthening interdisciplinary and transnational research into the responsible further development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. It is now funding seven project consortia from the social and technical sciences with a total of 9.8 million euros in this context.
The funding initiative is aimed at researchers from the fields of technology, the social sciences and/or the humanities (Illustration: Phonlamai Photo - shutterstock.com)
"The newly approved projects in the funding initiative "Artificial Intelligence and the Society of the Future" focus on areas where AI systems are already being used or are about to be used in the near future, such as in medical diagnostics or preventive remote therapy, but also in financial market forecasting, scientific image processing and journalism," says Dr. Henrike Hartmann, leader of the funding department. "The researchers involved are thinking one step ahead, anticipating the impact of AI on society and how to steer it in a positive direction."
For example, the project titled "Towards Responsible AI in Local Journalism" is investigating how AI applications can help local newsroom research create and distribute articles – a measure designed to help them cope with the economic and social challenges they face. "Responsible" tools – according to the team led by Freigeist Fellow Prof. Dr. Neil Thurman of the Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich – are those that not only increase the economic efficiency of newsrooms, but also take into account professional values and ethical standards. The project team comprises researchers from the fields of communication, media, law, journalism and computational linguistics from Munich, Leipzig, the Netherlands and Norway. The Foundation will provide around 1,412,000 euros over the next three years.
All seven selected projects are scheduled to run for three to four years and will each receive around 1.5 million euros in funding.
Project overview:
"AI Forensics: Accountability through Interpretability in Visual AI Systems" ‒ Durham (Großbritannien), Karlsruhe, Kassel, Santa Barbara (USA)
"AnonymPrevent – AI-based Improvement of Anonymity for Remote Assessment, Treatment and Prevention against Child Sexual Abuse" ‒ Berlin, Magdeburg
"From Machine Learning to Machine Teaching (ML2MT) – Making Machines AND Humans Smarter" – Frankfurt/Main; Darmstadt
"How is Artificial Intelligence Changing Science?" ‒ Bonn, Karlsruhe, Wien (Österreich)
"Informing Regulatory Reasoning on Algorithmic Systems in Societal Communication with STEAM – The Socio-Technical Ecosystem Architecture Method" ‒ Hamburg
"The Answering Machine" ‒ Dresden, Stuttgart, Tübingen, Zürich (Schweiz)
"Towards Responsible AI in Local Journalism" ‒ Amsterdam (Niederlande), Leipzig, München, Stavanger (Norwegen)
The initiative "Artificial Intelligence and the Society of the Future" has been running since 2017, and a total of 33.9 million euros has been approved to date. In 2022, the initiative will be updated in terms of content.
Jens Rehländer
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text:
\section*{Laser writing under tensile strain}

The metallic collinear AFM Mn$_{2}$Au has a body-centered tetragonal crystal
structure. It is an easy plane AFM, with a strong out-of-plane [001] hard
axis and a weak 4-fold in-plane magnetic anisotropy. The Mn spin orientations in
adjacent planes are anti-parallel, with \textbf{L} pointing along
one of the easy $\langle 110\rangle $ directions.\cite{Barthem,FilmsAFM}
The $c$-axis epitaxial 45 nm thin Mn$_{2}$Au films are grown on $r$-cut (1$\overline{%
1}$02) Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$ substrates, with a 13 nm Ta (001) buffer layer for
improving epitaxial growth.\cite{FilmsAFM} The $\langle 110\rangle $ directions of Mn$_{2}$Au are parallel to the substrate edges, which are along the $[010]_{s}$ and $[211]_{s}$ directions of the $r$-cut Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$ substrate (index $s$ stands for the substrate). We note, that recent optical study on similar films revealed a weak in-plane optical linear dichroism in the as-grown films, which was attributed to a weak, growth-induced, strain.\cite{dichroism} To take this underlying asymmetry into account, we label the two easy axes such that $[110]\Vert \lbrack 010]_{s}$ and $[1%
\overline{1}0]\Vert \lbrack 211]_{s}$.

The experimental approach to manipulate the N\'{e}el vector by combining tensile strain and femtosecond laser pulse excitation is sketched in Fig. \ref{Figure1} a,b (see Methods for details). Fifteen areas on the film are marked by a set of 30 nm thick Cr/Au markers fabricated on the top of the film using electron beam lithography. The areas are irradiated by a train of 60 fs laser pulses at 800 nm with excitation fluence in different marked areas varied between $\approx 3 $ and $\approx 11$ mJ/cm$^{2}$. The irradiated areas are 60-70 $\mu$m in diameter, as indicated by the colored circles in Fig.~\ref{Figure1}b. Five areas are irradiated with the tensile strain along the $[110]$ direction, five areas with the tensile strain along the $[1\overline{1}0]$ direction and five areas without applying external strain. The value of the tensile strain is $\varepsilon =6\pm 1\times 10^{-4}$, as measured by a Si strain gauge attached to the substrate.\cite{Leha_PSS}

After laser irradiation under strain, we image the domain structure within all illuminated areas of the film using XMLD-PEEM.\cite{XPEEM} For reference, we also recorded a number of images of non-illuminated areas across the sample. To quantitatively analyze the magnetic domain structure, we binarize the magnetic contrast images using an Otsu-threshold method\cite{Otsu} and calculate the area fractions of the two types of magnetic domains. The same procedure is applied to every image.

\begin{figure}[pth]
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=170mm]{Figure1.pdf}}
\caption{\textbf{Imaging the magnetic domain structure along the line connecting two areas, irradiated under orthogonal tensile strain.} \textbf{a} Schematics of the experimental approach for testing the strain-assisted light-induced N\'{e}el vector switching. The red (blue) circles represent the areas on the film irradiated under the tensile strain applied along [110] ([1$\overline{1}$0]) direction, while the black circles represent areas irradiated in the absence of external strain. The size of the circle is proportional to the laser fluence. \textbf{b} Schematic sample layout, showing the Cr/Au navigation markers. Two adjacent areas were laser-irradiated under orthogonal strain. Here, red (blue) shaded areas represent the irradiated areas with strain along [110] ([1$\overline{1}$0]) directions.
\textbf{c} Composite XMLD-PEEM image along the line connecting the two
irradiated areas obtained by merging successive XMLD-PEEM images. Between the two irradiated areas the sample is in the as-grown state. In the XMLD-PEEM images, the N\'{e}el vector in the dark/black domains is
parallel to the [1$\overline{1}$0] direction while in the bright/white domains it is
parallel to the [110] direction. The relation between the XMLD contrast and the direction of the N\'{e}el vector is based on earlier XMLD studies on aligned samples.\cite{Leha_PSS,Leha_PRB,dichroism,Sempa} \textbf{d} Corresponding lateral evolution of the area fraction of domains with the N\'{e}el vector parallel to the [110] direction, $P$. Here, $P$ is calculated by averaging the XMLD contrast along vertical stripes of $\approx 3.3$~$\mu$m width. The black dashed line presents the value of $P$ obtained on the as-grown sample, extracted by analyzing XMLD-PEEM images of the non-irradiated sample areas.}
\label{Figure1}
\end{figure}

Figure~\ref{Figure1}c presents a sequence of successive XMLD-PEEM images
acquired along the line connecting two adjacent marked areas, irradiated with fluence $F = 8.9$ mJ/cm$^{2}$ while the tensile strain was applied along the two
orthogonal easy directions. The resulting deformations of the crystal
lattice are schematically illustrated in Fig.~\ref{Figure1}a. On the left
side, where the tensile strain was applied along the [110] direction, the
domain structure exhibits preferentially domains with $\textbf{L}
\parallel \lbrack 1\overline{1}0]$ (dark), while on the right side, where the tensile strain was applied along the [1$\overline{1}$0] direction, the majority
of domains are with $\textbf{L} \parallel \lbrack 110]$ (bright).\cite{Leha_PSS,Leha_PRB,dichroism,Sempa} Between
the two laser-irradiated areas, the domain structure is the same as in reference areas far away from the irradiated areas.

We quantify the state of magnetic alignment by $P$, the area fraction of domains with the N\'{e}el vector parallel to the [110] direction. Figure \ref{Figure1}d presents the variation of $P$ along the line connecting the two areas irradiated under orthogonal applied tensile strain. It follows that, under laser irradiation, the N\'{e}el vector aligns perpendicular to the direction of the applied tensile strain. Between the two irradiated areas we observe an uneven fraction of dark and bright domains with $P\approx 0.4$; the same value of $P$ is found across the non-irradiated (as-grown) areas of the sample.

\section*{The dependence of light-induced N\'{e}el vector alignment on excitation fluence}

To gain insight into the origin of the light-induced N\'{e}el vector
switching, we analyze the fluence dependence of $P$ in the
range of fluences between 3.5 and 10.6 mJ/cm$^{2}$.

\begin{figure}[pth]
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=170mm]{Figure2.pdf}}
\caption{\textbf{Dependence of the degree of magnetic alignment on excitation fluence and strain.} \textbf{a} Left panels: XMLD contrast of areas irradiated by the near-infrared pulse trains under different external strain directions. The right panels are the corresponding binary images obtained by applying an Otsu threshold method to the images in the left panels. Top panels: strain is applied along [1$\overline{1}$0] with $F = 8.9$ mJ/cm$^{2}$; middle panels: $F = 7$ mJ/cm$^{2}$ in the absence of applied strain; bottom panels: strain applied along [110] with $F = 7$ mJ/cm$^{2}$. The binary images are used to calculate $P$ over $14\times14$~$\mu$m$^{2}$ areas. \textbf{b} Dependence of $P$ on irradiation fluence for the three strain configurations. The error-bars correspond to the variation of $P$ in the as-grown sample, obtained from XMLD-PEEM images recorded on non-irradiated areas across the film. The solid blue and red lines are guides to the eye, representing $P(F)$ for the two orthogonal directions of the applied strain, while the gray dashed line corresponds to $P$ obtained on the as-grown sample. The top horizontal axis presents the calculated peak temperatures of the irradiated volume (see Supplementary Information).}
\label{Figure2}
\end{figure}

Figure \ref{Figure2} presents the dependence of the degree of alignment
on the irradiation fluence, $F$, for all three strain configurations.
Figure \ref{Figure2}a depicts the magnetic contrast images (left column)
for sample areas irradiated under different external strain directions. From the
corresponding binary images (right column) we obtain $P$ across $14\times 14$~$\mu $m$^{2}$ imaged areas.

Figure \ref{Figure2}b displays $P(F)$ for different external strain configurations.
At $F = 3.5$ mJ/cm$^{2}$ we obtain $P\approx 0.4$
independent on the applied strain, matching the value recorded on
non-irradiated areas. The variation of $P$ at $F = 3.5$ mJ/cm$^{2}$ is similar to variation of $P$ in reference, non-irradiated, areas across the film and is governed by sample inhomogeneities. This variation can be considered as a measure of the experimental uncertainty of the extracted $P$ (error bars in Fig. \ref{Figure2}b).

The value $P\approx 0.4$ obtained for the as-grown film implies a partial N\'{e}el vector alignment. This observation is consistent with earlier imaging studies,\cite{Sempa,dichroism} and may be a result of the growth-induced strain.\cite{dichroism} Indeed, as discussed earlier,\cite{BodnarCurrentImag,dichroism} the $c$-axis of Mn$_{2}$Au films grown on a $r$-cut Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$ substrate is tilted by 2-3$^{o}$ towards the $[010]_{s}$ direction.\cite{dichroism} While no underlying strain could be resolved in the diffraction experiments,\cite{dichroism} the tilted growth and the corresponding breaking of the four-fold symmetry may indicate a weak growth-induced strain being responsible for a larger volume fraction of domains with the N\'{e}el vector perpendicular to the direction
of the $c$-axis tilt.\cite{dichroism,Sempa}

Fig. \ref{Figure2}b shows, that for both directions of the applied tensile strain there exists a threshold fluence, above which a N\'{e}el vector aligned state is realized. Here, the maximum degree of alignment, with $P$ either $\approx 0.8$ or $\approx 0.2$, is comparable to the values obtained in Mn$_{2}$Au films, where the N\'{e}el vector has been aligned in 60 T pulsed magnetic fields.\cite{Leha_PSS,Leha_PRB,dichroism}
The threshold fluence appears to be different for the two orthogonal directions of the applied strain. For the case of tensile strain applied along the $[110]$ direction, the switched state is observed already at 5.3 mJ/cm$^{2}$. On the other hand, for tensile strain applied along $[1\overline{1}0]$ the N\'{e}el vector alignment is realized at $F \gtrsim 7$ mJ/cm$^{2}$. Such a difference can be linked to the existing, growth-induced, strain in the as-grown film, which needs to be added to or subtracted from the external applied strain. Our results indicate, that the growth-induced strain could either be tensile, along the $[110]$ direction (the direction parallel to the tilt of the $c$-axis and $[010]_{s}$), or compressive, along the $[1\overline{1}0]$ direction (the direction parallel to $[211]_{s}$ and perpendicular to the direction of the $c$-axis tilt).

Finally, when irradiating the sample in the absence of external strain, $P$ did not change within the range of excitation fluences used here.

\section*{Proposed mechanism of light-induced N\'{e}el vector alignment in Mn$_{2}$Au}

In experiments, where switching of the N\'{e}el vector in Mn$_{2}$Au was
realized by applying microsecond/millisecond current pulses, the reported current-induced sample heating was significant.\cite{Stas_Nature,meinert2018,BodnarCurrentImag}  E.g., in Ref.\citenum{Stas_Nature}, a temperature increase near the switching threshold  was estimated to be 300 K. Discussing current-driven switching in granular Mn$_{2}$Au thin films, Meinert et al. proposed a phenomenological model of N\'{e}el spin-orbit torque (NSOT) - driven domain switching, assisted by sample heating.\cite{meinert2018} There, the switching was considered to be a coherent process, i.e., individual domains (the grain size with $\approx 20-30$ nm lateral dimension) were considered to switch under the NSOT. Such a switching process, however, requires overcoming an energy barrier $E_{B}\approx K_{4||}V_{g}$,\cite{meinert2018} where $K_{4||}$ is the density of the in-plane bi-axial magneto-crystalline anisotropy energy and $V_{g}$ is the domain volume. Considering a thermally activated process, with the NSOT-driven switching rate $\tau ^{-1}=\tau _{0}^{-1}\exp\left( -E_{B}/k_{B}T\right)$, a qualitative agreement between their experimental results and the Monte Carlo simulations was obtained, assuming an attempt rate $\tau _{0}^{-1}$ given by the characteristic frequency of antiferromagnets (10$^{12}$ s$^{-1}$) and $E_{B}\approx 1.5$ eV.\cite{meinert2018} With $K_{4||} \approx 1.8$~$ \mu $eV per formula unit,\cite{Sempa} such values of $E_{B}$ are expected for domains with length-scales of $\approx 20-30$ nm, as reported for Mn$_{2}$Au films grown on ZrN-buffered MgO by Meinert et al.\cite{meinert2018} However, considering the domains in our samples have a typical lateral size of 1~$\mu $m, the corresponding $E_{B}$ would be in the range of 10$^{3}$ eV. Thus, such a coherent switching of individual domains is unlikely in our epitaxial films.

We propose the light-driven alignment of N\'{e}el vector in strained Mn$_{2}$Au films to be a result of an activated domain wall motion. We first estimate the magneto-elastic coupling constant $B_{me}$, which results in a difference in the free energy densities in orthogonally aligned magnetic domains. To this end, we performed DFT calculations of $B_{me}$ in Mn$_{2}$Au (see Supplementary Information). We obtain $B_{me}\approx 0.9$~meV per formula unit, which corresponds to a reduction in the free energy density for domains with N\'{e}el vector perpendicular to the direction of the applied tensile strain by $\approx 0.6$~$\mu $eV per formula unit for the applied strain $\varepsilon =6\times 10^{-4}$. This value is comparable to the in-plane magneto-crystalline anisotropy, $K_{4||}\approx 1.8 $~$\mu $eV per formula unit,\cite{Sempa} thus sufficient for N\'{e}el vector
alignment. Indeed, an earlier XMLD spectroscopy study on similar films did demonstrate partial N\'{e}el vector alignment under similar values of the applied external strain.\cite{Leha_PSS} However, after the applied strain was released, the original state was recovered, with no permanent N\'{e}el vector alignment.\cite{Leha_PSS} In the absence of pinning of domain walls (DWs) the applied strain should force the motion of 90$^{\mathrm{o}}$ DWs (DWs between domains with orthogonal \textbf{L}) in the direction of the free energy gradient, resulting in only two types of domains with anti-parallel \textbf{L}, separated by the 180$^{\mathrm{o}}$ DWs. While it is pinning of the 90$^{\mathrm{o}}$ DWs that prevents a stable N\'{e}el vector-aligned state to be realized using mechanical strain alone,\cite{Leha_PSS} it is likely the laser-induced depinning of DWs that is governing the strain-driven laser-assisted N\'{e}el vector-alignment.

Assuming laser-assisted depinning of DWs being the mechanism of the N\'{e}el vector alignment, we need to consider the effect of photoexcitation with a train of femtosecond optical pulses. We first note that the continuous (average) laser heating is estimated to be $<6$ K at the highest excitation densities used (see Supplementary Information) and can be neglected. Next, we estimate the induced changes in charge, spin and lattice subsystems following excitation with an ultrafast optical pulse. For simplicity, we consider the two-temperature model, that qualitatively accounts for the evolution of the electronic and lattice temperatures in metals on the (sub-)picosecond timescales.\cite{Obergfell} Here, the electron-electron scattering results in carrier thermalization on the sub-picosecond timescale. The estimated electron temperatures for the two threshold fluences are 4600 K and 5400 K (see Supplementary Information), substantially exceeding the N\'{e}el temperature of Mn$_{2}$Au ($\approx 1500$ K \cite{Barthem}). This is followed by thermalization with the lattice on a timescale of a few picoseconds and a subsequent heat diffusion into the substrate on a characteristic timescale of hundred picoseconds (see Supplementary Information). The calculated peak temperatures of the coupled electron-spin-lattice system, determined by the absorbed energy density and the total specific heat, are shown on the top axis of Fig. \ref{Figure2}b. The temperature values are comparable to those reported in the current-driven switching experiments.\cite{Stas_Nature,meinert2018,BodnarCurrentImag}

To shed light on the proposed mechanism, we performed complementary optical excitation experiments on a Mn$_{2}$Au films, N\'{e}el vector aligned in a 60 T magnetic field. In this case laser-irradiation was performed in the absence of an external strain, and XMLD-PEEM images for several marked areas were recorded before and after laser irradiation. Considering the existence of the growth-induced strain, one may expect a similar process of light-assisted DW depinning, resulting in a state with $P \approx 0.4$, as in as-grown films. To have a maximum contrast between $P$ before and after irradiation we investigated Mn$_{2}$Au film, magnetically aligned along the $[110]$ direction in a 60 T magnetic field, with $P \approx 0.8$.

Analyzing XMLD-PEEM images before and after laser irradiation reveals a switching threshold of $\approx 11.5$ mJ/cm$^{2}$. Figure \ref{Figure3} a,b presents the XMLD-PEEM images recorded before and after irradiation for near-threshold excitation at $F = 11.5$ mJ/cm$^{2}$. XMLD-PEEM images of the B-field aligned sample before irradiation (left panels) show predominantly domains with $\textbf{L}
\parallel \lbrack 110]$ ($P\approx 0.8$). After irradiation with $F = 11.5$ mJ/cm$^{2}$ (right panels), the majority of domains have $\textbf{L} \parallel \lbrack 1\overline{1}0]$, with $P\approx 0.4$. Surprisingly, for $F=14$ mJ/cm$^{2}$ the value of $P\approx 0.2$ is reached (see Supplementary Figure \ref{SuppPEEM}), similar to the case of the sample irradiated with $F>5$ mJ/cm$^{2}$ under the applied external strain along the $[110]$ direction. The observed light-induced N\'{e}el vector alignment in the absence of applied strain lends further support to the existence of a weak growth-induced strain in films grown on $r$-cut Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$ substrates. Its presence is likely responsible for the observed light-induced switching of \textbf{L} in the absence of applied strain as well as for the partial alignment of the N\'{e}el vector in as-grown films. Furthermore, the results imply the as-grown state with $P\approx 0.4$ is actually a metastable state, the state with $\textbf{L} \parallel \lbrack 1\overline{1}0]$ being the state with the lowest free energy.

\begin{figure}[tph]
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=170mm]{Figure3.pdf}}
\caption{\textbf{Domain wall dynamics following irradiation with optical
pulses.} \textbf{a},\textbf{b} XMLD-PEEM images of a Mn$_{2}$Au film N\'{e}el vector aligned in 60 T magnetic field along the $[110]$ direction recorded before (left) and after (right) irradiation with near-infrared pulse trains with $F=11.5$ mJ/cm$^{2}$ in the absence of external strain. The highlighted regions suggest a growth of the domains aligned along the [1$\overline{1}$0] direction, the direction preferred by the growth-induced strain (see also Fig. \ref{Figure2}). \textbf{c}-\textbf{d} Schematic of the variation of the free energy density under tensile strain, showing also the direction of the motion of 90$^{\mathrm{o}}$ DWs upon light-induced DW depinning (\textbf{c}). The resulting DW motion can result in DW annihilation or formation of 180$^{\mathrm{o}}$ DWs (\textbf{d}), whose position is unaffected by strain.}
\label{Figure3}
\end{figure}

To unambiguously show that it is the photoexcitation-assisted depinning of the DWs that governs the N\'{e}el vector alignment in Mn$_2$Au under strain, an \textit{in situ} time-dependent XMLD-PEEM study would be required. There are, however, several observations that, indirectly, provide support to the proposed mechanism.

The XMLD-PEEM images of a B-field aligned sample before and after laser irradiation at the threshold fluence (Fig.~\ref{Figure3} a,b) are consistent with the laser-induced domain growth. This can be inferred from areas, highlighted by orange circles, displaying growth of the minority $\textbf{L} \parallel \lbrack 1\overline{1}0]$ domains following photoexcitation of $\textbf{L} \parallel \lbrack 110]$-aligned sample.

Secondly, our proposed mechanism suggests that depinning of the 90$^{\mathrm{o}}$ DWs results in the DW motion in the direction of the free energy gradient (Fig.~\ref{Figure3} c), and subsequent DW annihilation or formation of stable 180$^{\mathrm{o}}$ DWs (Fig.~\ref{Figure3} d). The resulting state should ideally consist of domains with antiparallel N\'{e}el vectors, separated by the 180$^{\mathrm{o}}$ DWs. Indeed, in both current-driven\cite{BodnarCurrentImag} and strain-driven switching experiments worm-like structures are observed in XMLD-PEEM images, attributed to 180$^{\mathrm{o}}$ DWs. A clear support to this assignment is provided by Supplementary Fig. \ref{XMCD}, where the domain structure of the optically switched area is imaged by both XMLD and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) PEEM (see Supplementary Information for details).

Finally, the observation of the switching threshold and its dependence on strain further supports the proposed mechanism. The fact that the magnetically aligned state is clearly observed only for fluences above the threshold fluence (or the related threshold temperature) suggests a thermally activated depinning transition.\cite{Brazovskii} At a fixed temperature, the depinning transition from a pinned DW is realized by increasing the driving force, $G$ (in our case given by the gradient in the magneto-elastic energy, which is proportional to strain), above its threshold value, $G_{T}$, resulting in DW sliding (see Supplementary Fig.~\ref{Depinning}a). It has been demonstrated both theoretically\cite{Ioffe,Vinokur,Brazovskii} and experimentally\cite{Giamarchi,Jeudy} that $G_{T}$ decreases with increasing temperature. At high temperatures $G_{T} \varpropto T^{-\alpha}$ with the exponent $\alpha$ depending on the details of the pinning centers and interactions.\cite{Ioffe,Vinokur,Brazovskii} Let us assume that the application of a tensile strain results in an effective force $G^{*}$, which is lower than $G_{T}$ at the base temperature. This is supported by the lack of permanent magnetic alignment when using only tensile-strain.\cite{Leha_PSS} Photoexcitation results in an increase in local sample temperature, causing a transient reduction in $G_{T}$ to below $G^{*}$ and, thus, launching a sliding DW motion (see Supplementary Fig. \ref{Depinning}). This scenario naturally accounts for the variation in threshold fluence on the applied tensile strain. As $G^{*} \varpropto \varepsilon $ and, thus, differs in the two strain configurations (the growth-induced strain has to be added/subtracted from the applied strain), the observed difference in threshold fluences (temperatures) can be attributed to the presence of the growth-induced strain. In fact, the observation of even higher threshold fluence for switching the B-field aligned film in the absence of external strain further supports this scenario.

\section*{Conclusions}

We present a new approach to locally manipulate the N\'{e}el vector alignment in the collinear metallic antiferromagnet Mn$_{2}$Au by combining strain and excitation with femtosecond laser pulses. To achieve switching, we applied an external strain, which was large enough to induce an additional two-fold anisotropy, yet not strong enough to induce a depinning transition at room temperature. By irradiation of the sample with the train of femtosecond laser pulses we managed to locally align the N\'{e}el vector in two orthogonal orientations, with the direction controlled by the direction of the applied tensile strain, i.e., we realize stable "zero" and "one" states on the same film. This approach allows selective/local control of the N\'{e}el vector axis, with spatial resolution that could be further reduced to a sub-wavelength range by using near-field approaches.

The proposed mechanism of magnetic alignment via DW depinning may also be at play in the current-switching experiments in Mn$_2$Au and CuMnAs.\cite{Wadley_Sci_2016,OleTHz,Stas_Nature,meinert2018,BodnarCurrentImag} While for current-switching of Mn$_2$Au and CuMnAs the driving force is provided by the NSOT, thermal activation could be relevant.\cite{Stas_Nature,meinert2018} In both configurations, however, increasing the effective driving force $G^{*}$, or decreasing of the DW depinning threshold, $G_{T}$, may substantially reduce the required heating to reach domain-wall depinning regime. To this end, further optimization of the film growth, including using different substrate/buffer layer combinations, is required.

While we demonstrate the N\'{e}el vector alignment triggered by femtosecond laser pulses, and present evidence, suggesting the process is governed by the depinning of domain walls, the details of the underlying process, including timescales, remain to be investigated. To confirm the proposed scenario by recording the dynamics of the domain growth, an ultrafast laser amplifier with sufficient fluence should be coupled to the XMLD-PEEM end-station to enable \textit{in situ} imaging following single laser-pulse excitation. With domains on the micrometer lengthscale and a substantial magnetic linear dichroism in the near-infrared\cite{dichroism} imaging the domain structure with femtosecond near-infrared pulses can also be realized. In this case, combining the optical pump-probe approach with fast modulation of strain (synchronized to the laser repetition rate) could present a way to study domain-wall dynamics on the picosecond timescale. This would be particularly interesting in systems like Mn$_2$Au, where theoretical studies suggest that domain-wall velocities as high as 30 km/s could be achieved.\cite{Gomonay}

Should such high DW velocities\cite{Gomonay} indeed be realized, a characteristic timescale for optically-induced alignment of micrometer areas would be on the 10-100 ps range, which could enable optical switching with single pulses. Given the fact that the resulting state is stable at room temperature and insensitive to magnetic fields up to several tens of Tesla,\cite{Leha_PSS,Leha_PRB,dichroism} a combination of global strain modulation and local ultrafast manipulation of N\'{e}el vector may provide ways to realize robust high-density memory device with switching timescales in the picosecond range.

\section*{Methods}

\subsection*{Mn$_{2}$Au thin films}

The $c$-axis epitaxial Mn$_{2}$Au thin films are grown on $r$-cut (1$\overline{1}
$02) Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$ substrate, with the lateral size of 10$\times$10 mm$%
^{2} $ and thickness of 530 $\mu$m by the radio-frequency magnetron
sputtering at 600 $^{\circ}$C - see \cite{FilmsAFM} for details. A 40 nm
thick Mn$_{2} $Au film was deposited on a 13 nm thick (001) Ta buffer layer.
To protect the surface, a 2 nm Al layer was deposited on Mn$_{2}$Au, forming
an aluminum-oxide capping layer. Mn$_{2}$Au grows epitaxially with [110] and
[1$\overline{1}$0] axes parallel to the substrate edges, which are along the
$[211]_{s}$ and $[010]_{s}$ directions of the $r$-cut Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$
substrate, respectively. The $c$-axis of Mn$_{2}$Au films grown on $r$-cut Al$%
_{2}$O$_{3}$ are tilted by 2-3$^{\circ}$ towards the $[010]_{s}$ direction.

\subsection*{Laser irradiation under tensile strain}

The experimental approach to manipulate the N\'{e}el vector by combination of tensile strain and laser pulse excitation is sketched in Fig. \ref{Figure1} a,b.

In the first step, a set of 30 nm thick Cr/Au markers is fabricated on the top of the film using electron beam lithography - see the schematic layout in Fig.~\ref{Figure1}b. These markers allow us to identify distinct areas of approximately $100\times 100$~$\mu $m$^{2}$ in the following steps. The sample is then mounted on a stress device, as used in Ref.~\citenum{Leha_PSS}. Bending the substrate results in tensile strain in the thin Mn$_{2}$Au film along the [110] direction (see Fig.~\ref{Figure1}a). The resulting strain is approximately $\varepsilon =6\pm 1\times 10^{-4}$, as measured by a Si strain gauge attached to the substrate.\cite{Leha_PSS} Then, several marked areas of the film are irradiated by a pulsed laser beam. We use 60 fs pulses at 800 nm and 250 kHz repetition rate. The excitation fluence used in different marked areas is varied between $\approx 3 $ and $\approx 11$ mJ/cm$^{2}$. The linearly polarized laser beam (the effect is found to be independent of the light polarization) is focused onto a spot with $\approx 23$ ~$\mu $m in diameter (full-width at half maximum). Each marked area is irradiated for several seconds by scanning the beam around the center of the marked area, resulting in the size of the irradiated area of about $60-70$~$\mu $m in diameter, as indicated by the colored areas in Fig.~\ref{Figure1}b.

In the next step, the sample is remounted on the strain device and a similar tensile strain is applied along the [1$\overline{1}$0] direction and a different set of marked areas is irradiated (Fig.~\ref{Figure1}a). Finally, a series of marked areas is irradiated without the applied tensile strain. In total, five marked areas on the film are irradiated without applying external strain, five with the tensile strain along the $[110]$ direction and five with tensile strain along the $[1\overline{1}0]$ direction.

A commercial 250 kHz Ti:Sapphire amplifier producing 60 fs laser pulses at $%
\lambda$ = 800 nm (photon energy of 1.55 eV) was used to excite the strained
thin films.

\subsection*{Imaging of Mn$_{2}$Au films using XMLD-PEEM}

The XMLD-PEEM experiments were performed at the SIM beamline of the Swiss
Light Source. The sample was illuminated by linearly polarized X-rays with
both s- and p- polarizations. The angle of incidence was 16$^{\circ}$. To
achieve the best contrast, we utilized a slightly modified method than that
described in Ref.~\citenum{BodnarCurrentImag}. Namely, we acquired images with
two orthogonal linear polarizations of the X-rays at each of the two photon
energies (in this case 637.6 eV and 638.6 eV) around the $L_{3}$ absorption
edge of Mn, corresponding to maximal XMLD contrast.\cite{Leha_PSS} The
resulting XMLD-PEEM images were obtained by pixelwise division of XMLD contrast maps recorded at 638.6 eV and 637.6 eV, where each XMLD was determined by the normalized difference of images acquired with the two orthogonal X-ray polarizations. The field of view used is 20 $\mu$m.

\bibliographystyle{plain}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


In the opulent palace of Ohaddin, women have one purpose - to obey. Some were brought here as girls, captured and enslaved; some as servants; some as wives. All of them must do what the Master tells them, for he wields a deadly and secret power. But the women have powers too. One is a healer. One can control dreams. One is a warrior. One can see everything that is coming. In their golden prison, the women wait. They plan. They write down their stories. They dream of a refuge, a safe place where girls can be free. And, finally, when the moon glows red, they will have their revenge.


text:
Thomas Griffith "Grif" Taylor (* 1. Dezember 1880 in Walthamstow, England; † 5. November 1963 in Sydney, Australien) war ein australischer Geologe, Geograph, Anthropologe und Polarforscher. Bekannt ist er insbesondere durch seine Teilnahme an der Terra-Nova-Expedition (1910–1913) des britischen Polarforschers Robert Falcon Scott.

Leben
Taylor kam als einer von zwei Söhnen und einer Tochter des Metallurgen James Taylor (1849–1927) und dessen Frau Lily Agnes (geborene Griffiths) in Walthamstow nordöstlich von London zur Welt. Als Taylor noch ein Kleinkind war, zog die Familie nach Serbien, wo Taylors Vater als Verwalter einer Kupfermine tätig war. 1884 kehrte die Familie nach England zurück, bevor sie 1893 nach Australien auswanderte. Dort studierte Taylor Geologie an der University of Sydney, wo Tannatt William Edgeworth David sein Dozent und Förderer war.

Nach seinem Universitätsabschluss war Taylor für das Bureau of Meteorology tätig, dessen bezahlter Stellvertreter er bei der Antarktisexpedition unter Robert Falcon Scott wurde. Bei dieser Forschungsreise leitete Taylor die sogenannte Westgruppe, die in zwei Exkursionen von Januar bis März 1911 sowie von November 1911 bis Februar 1912 im Viktorialand geologische Untersuchungen im Gebiet der Antarktischen Trockentäler durchführte.

Taylors wissenschaftliche Errungenschaften bei der Antarktisreise verschafften ihm eine Promotion der University of Sydney. Er wurde Fellow der Royal Geographical Society und 1921 Extraordinarius der University of Sydney im Fachbereich Geographie, dessen Gründungsdirektor er war. Taylor vertrat für seine Zeit moderne und nach heutiger Kenntnis wissenschaftlich korrekte Ansichten zur Evolution des Menschen, die der damals populären Auffassung einer "Weißen Vorherrschaft" widersprachen und seiner weiteren Karriere schadeten. Taylor entzog sich den ihm entgegengebrachten Anfeindungen, indem er Australien verließ und 1929 eine Professur für Geographie an der University of Chicago annahm. 1936 wechselte er an die University of Toronto, an der er bis zu seiner Emeritierung im Jahr 1951 tätig war. Von 1941 bis 1942 war er Präsident der American Association of Geographers. Außerdem war er seit 1942 Mitglied der Royal Society of Canada und, als einziger Geograph, seit 1954 der Australian Academy of Science. Die University of Sydney verlieh ihm 1959 die Ehrendoktorwürde.

Taylor kehrte nach seiner Emeritierung nach Australien zurück und starb im November 1963 in Manly, einem Vorort von Sydney. Er hinterließ seine Frau Doris Marjorie (geborene Priestley, 1895–1965), die Schwester von Raymond Priestley, mit der er seit dem 8. Juli 1914 verheiratet war. Nach Taylor sind in der Antarktis mehrere geographische Objekte benannt. Dazu gehören der Taylor Dome, das Taylor Valley, der Taylor-Gletscher im Viktorialand und der Taylor-Gletscher im Mac-Robertson-Land.

Literatur
 Marie Sanderson: Griffith Taylor: Antarctic scientist and pioneer geographer. Carleton University Press, Ottawa 1988, ISBN 0-88629-066-X.
 Carolyn Strange, Alison Bashford: Griffith Taylor: visionary, environmentalist, explorer. National Library of Australia, Canberra 2008, ISBN 978-0-642-27668-1.

Weblinks

 J. M. Powell: Thomas Griffith Taylor. Eintrag im Australian Dictionary of Biography (englisch)
 Taylor, Griffith. Eintrag im Lexikon der Geographie

Polarforscher (Antarktis)
Geologe (20. Jahrhundert)
Anthropologe (20. Jahrhundert)
Geograph (20. Jahrhundert)
Fachdidaktiker (Geographie)
Hochschullehrer (Universität Sydney)
Hochschullehrer (University of Chicago)
Hochschullehrer (University of Toronto)
Ehrendoktor einer Universität in Australien
Mitglied der Australian Academy of Science
Mitglied der Royal Society of Canada
Australier
Geboren 1880
Gestorben 1963
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Alice Nunn (1927–1988)
Very little is known about Alice Elizabeth Nunn with the exception that she appeared in one of the 1980s most famous films, Pee-wee's Big Adventure, as the infamous truck driver, 'Large Marge'.
She ... read full biography
Known for Pee-wee's Big Adventure (1985), Mommie Dearest (1981), Trick or Treat (1986), The Phyllis Diller Show (1967)
Oct 10, 1927 (died Jul 1, 1988)
Become a member to see Alice Nunn's STARmeter.
Become a member to see Alice Nunn's contact information.
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text:
Adinath Temple, located on the summit of Mainak Hill on Maheshkhali Island off the coast of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, is dedicated to the Hindu God, Shiva, who is worshipped as Adinath. The temple is famous for the annual fair held at the foot of Mainak Hill in the month of Phalgun as per the Bengali calendar. The fair, which lasts 13 days, draws thousands of Hindus from across Bangladesh.

Gallery

References

Further reading

Shiva temples
Hindu temples in Cox's Bazar District


text:
Molve è un comune della Croazia di 2.379 abitanti della regione di Koprivnica e Križevci.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Comuni della regione di Koprivnica e Križevci


Set of Eight Cinema Tickets Templates, in two different styles, both grunge and simple. The work is completed by a set of cinema related Icons, all original. All files are available in 5 formats, vector AI and EPS and Raster PSD, JPG and PNG. All texts are editable in EPS AI and PSD files (though i recommend to use the AI format if you need to work with vectors) No font is included in the package, but you can fin instructions in the downloadable files on where to download all fonts used (main fonts are all free for commercial use).


text:
package cmd

import (
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"

	"github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/command"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/loadbalancer"

	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
)

// serviceGetCmd represents the service_get command
var serviceGetCmd = &cobra.Command{
	Use:    "get <service id>",
	Short:  "Display service information",
	PreRun: requireServiceID,
	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
		svcIDstr := args[0]
		id, err := strconv.ParseInt(svcIDstr, 0, 64)
		if err != nil {
			Fatalf("Unable to parse service ID: %s", svcIDstr)
		}

		svc, err := client.GetServiceID(id)
		if err != nil {
			Fatalf("Cannot get service '%v': %s\n", id, err)
		}
		if svc.Status == nil || svc.Status.Realized == nil {
			Fatalf("Cannot get service '%v': empty response\n", id)
		}

		slice := []string{}
		for _, be := range svc.Status.Realized.BackendAddresses {
			if bea, err := loadbalancer.NewL3n4AddrFromBackendModel(be); err != nil {
				slice = append(slice, fmt.Sprintf("invalid backend: %+v", be))
			} else {
				slice = append(slice, bea.String())
			}
		}

		if command.OutputJSON() {
			if err := command.PrintOutput(svc); err != nil {
				os.Exit(1)
			}
			return
		}

		if fea, err := loadbalancer.NewL3n4AddrFromModel(svc.Status.Realized.FrontendAddress); err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "invalid frontend model: %s", err)
		} else {
			fmt.Printf("%s =>\n", fea.String())
		}

		for i, be := range slice {
			fmt.Printf("\t\t%d => %s (%d)\n", i+1, be, svc.Status.Realized.ID)
		}
	},
}

func init() {
	serviceCmd.AddCommand(serviceGetCmd)
	command.AddJSONOutput(serviceGetCmd)
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


« Unity with Christ is intimately and infinitely personal.
In his book Miracles, CS Lewis wrote extensively about Nature and its capacity to do what it does. He concluded that the natural world is not fair or democratic at all in its processes. Natural selection is harsh, for example. Some life forms thrive; others go extinct (188). The laws of nature are not fair.
Which leads me to question our tendency to connect God's purpose to the goodness or badness of natural events. Christians might even come to think that God is going to protect us from nature's hardship or enrich us with nature's wealth. And yet no one in the Bible avoids the turbulence of life on earth. For example, being "chosen" didn't protect Abraham from famine and loss and family strife.
That was true for Jesus Christ as well. He healed some illness, but not all illness. He stilled a storm, but not all storms. And, when the disciples wanted to sell the "costly perfume" that Mary had bought to anoint Jesus, giving the proceeds to the poor, Jesus corrected them, saying, "You always have the poor with you, but you do not always have me" (NRSV John 12:8; Mark 14:7; Matt. 26: 11).
As this shows, the Lord wasn't here to free the world of poverty or to make nature perfect. Which leads to the obvious question: why did God send "his only Son"? Explaining the existence of miracles and Christ's presence, Lewis concluded: "Nature is being lit up by a light from beyond Nature. Someone is speaking who knows more about her than can be known from inside her" (Miracles 194).


text:
Q: How to setup eclipse to work with code sourcery toolchain for arm I haven't worked with stm32f4 on linux for a while.
And it seems that a lot of changed since the last time I installed the toolchain.
First of all, after I've installed GNU ARM Eclipse plugin I realized that there is support for C++ there. Am I right? Have they created some HAL over the stm32 pheripherial libraries in C++?
Second. I've installed code courcery lite compiler. And I've chosen the right tool chain in eclipse project settings. But It gives me this error.
arm-none-eabi-g++: error: nano.specs: No such file or directory

I can see that in the linker scripts there is mysterious (to me) line
specs=nano.specs

So I've read about the specs flag. It seems that in this specs there should be some constant flags or settings for the compiler. But why are they not where the compiler whants them? And from where they should come?

A: I'm very new to the Gnu-Arm-Eclipse-Plugin myself and faced the same Problem.
I'm running Kubuntu1404 and have the gcc-arm-none-eabi toolchain installed.
Here is what I found out:
The GNU ARM Eclipse plugin links against the newlib-nano by default and if this library is not present in your toolchain you will get this error.
This is done through the linker flag  --specs=nano.specs which you can change through Project->Properties->C/C++ Build->Settings->Tool Settings->Cross ARM C++ Linker(Miscellaneous) .
*.specs files add additional instructions to the linker and so does nano.specs .
It should be located in $TOOLCHAINPATH/arm-none-eabi/lib/
As far as I know the newlib-nano and so the nano.specs file have been removed from recent gcc toolchains. At least it is not in the *buntu build of gcc-arm 4.8.3 .
There is a discussion ongoing on launchpad to include it again in future builds.
A workarround for me has been to use another toolchain like gcc-arm-none-eabi-4.7.3.
Edit: You can download a tarball from http://launchpad.net/gcc-arm-embedded/+download but if you run a 64-bit OS you need a few 32-bit libraries.
On *buntu a
    sudo apt get install lib32z1 lib32ncurses5 lib32bz2-1.0
will do th job.


Home / Twitter Suspends Black Conservative For Changing NYT Bigot's Tweets From "White" To "Jewish" And "Black"
Twitter Suspends Black Conservative For Changing NYT Bigot's Tweets From "White" To "Jewish" And "Black"
Was this valuable to you?
How about financially supporting the OP/author with a few pennies (on us) by upvoting? Just click the show link and reward your karma. Or leave a comment with your thoughts. Here's some free karma to start.
A website devoted to all things hypocritical with an intent to make a small contribution to correct our blindness of our own shortcomings and corruption.
The phrase pot calling the kettle black is an idiom for "a person who is guilty of the very thing of which they accuse another and is thus an example of psychological projection."


text:
Q: CeleryExecutor or LocalExecutor for periodic high volume and potentially long running tasks? I have a workflow in Airflow that executes a large volume of tasks on several hosts my company runs (500+)
The workflow looks something like this:

*

*Run a series of tests on a machine

*Log results to database.  Results are per machine basis so results can be updated.

*Publish a message to RabbitMQ (messages are picked up by various consumers)

The out of the box executor is very slow with respect for what I am doing.  I have tested out the CeleryExecutor (although setup was a bit of a pain), not at the volume that will be in production though.  I know with Celery I can distribute the tasks across multiple backends.
Is the CeleryExecutor more suited to what I am trying to do vs. the LocalExecutor?

A: Definitely CeleryExecutor, with that you have spawn unlimited number of workers which can handle those many tasks.


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2.We will provide all the best quality and best service. We offer wholesale and drop shipping business with competitive prices. We have professional teams to control quality and provide you best products.
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2.LEADTIME: 3-5days for samples, order depand on the quantity. Antennas and other accessories 6 month warranty, Repeaters 1 year warranty. 2. Our sales manager will reply your inquiry in 24 working hours.
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2. Quality Guarantee: from material, production and test, our quality manager will inspection each process to make sure all is in good condition. 3. Service Advantage: customers is our good friends, our customers can be contact with us within 6*24 hours for help. Contact US Welcome ur inquiry for our Noise-Reduction Wireless Earphones Ear Hook Microphone One in Two Earphone.
Alibaba.com offers 43,126 ear hook microphone products. About 98% of these are earphone & headphone, 1% are microphone, and 1% are professional audio, video & lighting.
A wide variety of ear hook microphone options are available to you, such as microphone, bluetooth, and noise cancelling. You can also choose from computer microphone, mobile phone, and portable media player. As well as from wired, wireless. And whether ear hook microphone is usb, 3.5mm, or 2.5mm.
There are 43,126 ear hook microphone suppliers, mainly located in Asia. The top supplying country is China (Mainland), which supply 100% of ear hook microphone respectively.
Ear hook microphone products are most popular in North America, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe.
You can ensure product safety by selecting from certified suppliers, including 6,642 with ISO9001, 1,866 with Other, and 385 with ISO14001 certification.


text:
Giętkoząb perlistoplamy (Synodontis angelicus) – gatunek ryby promieniopłetwej, suma z rodziny pierzastowąsowatych (Mochokidae). Zamieszkuje tropikalne tereny Afryki. Nie jest zagrożony wyginięciem. Bywa hodowany w akwariach.

Etymologia i systematyka

Etymologia

 synodontis – starogr. symphysis – wyrosły, duży, odontos – kieł, ząb /lub synodontis – nawiązanie do rodzaju Synodus i jego zębów
 angelicus (ang. i łac. angel – anioł) – anielski (epitet gatunkowy nawiązuje do groszkowatych plamek, sprawiając elegancki, "anielski" wzór na ciele)

Taksonomia
Gatunek naukowo opisał Louise Schilthuis w 1891 roku, nadając mu nazwę Synodontis angelica. Przed laty był opisywany pod synonimami np. Synodontis angelicus zonatus, Synodontis robbianus, Synodontis tholloni i Synodontis werneri. Obecnie gatunkowi przyznaje się nazwę Synodontis angelicus, giętkoząb perlistoplamy. Co ciekawe w rzece Lukula znaleziono podgatunek w 1933 roku, który został nazwany S. a. zonatus, cechował się występowaniem na swym ciele wielu pasków zamiast plamek, lecz został on sklasyfikowany później do podgatunku nominatywnego.

Występowanie
Gatunek ten występuje na terenach Kongo (jego dorzecze oraz tereny dawnego Zairu).

Morfologia
Długość ciała waha się między 20 a 25 cm w warunkach akwariowych. FishBase natomiast szacuje maksymalną długość na 55 cm.

Ta czarna ryba z białymi lub pomarańczowymi plamkami uchodzi za najpiękniejszą rybę akwariową. Mają bardzo mocno zbudowany łeb. Pierwsze promienie płetw są bardzo ostre i twarde. Płetwy są długie wachlarzowate. Młode ryby mają czasem małe paski oraz plamy na płetwie tłuszczowej. Na pyszczku znajdują się 3 pary wąsików czuciowych. Dymorfizm płciowy jest słabo widoczny: samiczka jest większa i ma bardziej zaokrąglone partie brzuszne, samiec natomiast mniejszy i intensywniej ubarwiony.

Ekologia i zachowanie
Gatunek ten zamieszkuje leniwe rzeczki, zalane pola uprawne. Cechą typową dla rodzaju Synodontis jest pływanie "brzuchem do góry". W przypadku większości sumików z tego rodzaju (np. opaczka), stało się to regułą. W przeciwieństwie do innych ryb, u tych sumików brzuch jest ciemniejszy, wierzch ciała natomiast jaśniejszy. Gatunek ten jest wszystkożerny, odżywia się bezkręgowcami oraz detrytusem. Tarło nie zostało udokumentowane.

Warunki w akwarium

Gatunek ten jest spokojny, łagodny wobec innych ryb. Ryba wymaga akwarium o gęstej roślinności, podłoża żwirkowatego, z dużą ilością pieczar, korzeni potorfowiskowych i zacienionych miejsc. Może on przebywać z różnymi gatunkami ryb, pielęgnicami, kąsaczami i labiryntowcami, jednak zdarza się, że giętkoząb perlistoplamy bywa natrętnie przez inne ryby prześladowany. W akwarium nie doszło nigdy do rozrodu tej ryby. W warunkach akwariowych można również dobrze sprawdzić płeć: wystarczy odwrócić rybę "na plecy" (należy uważać na ostre promienie płetw – powodują głębokie, trudno gojące się rany) i sprawdzić narządy rozrodcze (brodawki moczowo-płciowe).

Status
Międzynarodowa Unia Ochrony Przyrody (IUCN) uznaje giętkozęba perlistoplamego za gatunek najmniejszej troski (LC – Least Concern). Liczebność populacji nie jest znana, podobnie jak jej trend. Obecnie władze Zairu, w związku z nadmiernym połowem ryb z rodzaju Synodontis, zakazują ich wyłapywania w celach akwarystycznych.

Przypisy

Pierzastowąsowate
Ryby akwariowe
Gatunki i podgatunki zwierząt nazwane w 1891 roku


The Hope Luncheon is held annually in memory of Jayne Swift. Jayne was a teacher and young mother of 4 when she died from breast cancer in 2001 at the age of 41. The video below was developed by her daughters, Sarah and Michelle.
Hope Luncheon, Inc. is organized exclusively for the purpose of education and support for women's health issues. The organization hosts an annual event to educate women about breast cancer and to raise money for breast cancer research and prevention.
Hope Luncheon is recognized as a 501(c)(3) non-profit by the IRS.


text:
The FootLog Story
Working full-time as a school custodian and part-time as an airport security guard, Ren Field's long work hours took a toll on his flat feet. He tried many products to alleviate his pain, but he couldn't find anything that provided the relief he sought.
So Field turned to his woodshop in an attempt to create a solution for himself. He made a cylindrical wooden massager covered in 250 small, knobby protrusions that he calls "fingers." With it Field rolled the toes, soles, heels, and fallen arches of his feet. To his delight, this finally provided the stimulation necessary to ease his discomfort.
Field's colleagues tried his device and soon wanted their own. The constant question, "Why don't you sell this?" eventually led him to the decision to begin a business based on the Foot Log.
He resigned from his airport job, withdrew the $2,000 he had in savings and bought some molds to create plastic replications of his original wooden massager. It wasn't long before Field was selling the product he developed.
As business picked up, Field contracted injection molding companies to make the components. He, his wife and older children assembled the massagers in their basement. He sold between 200-250 Foot Logs each weekend at conventions, county fairs, home shows, and other events.
But things didn't stop there. Through Media Enterprises—a firm that seeks media exposure for clients—the Foot Log gained a sales spot on the Home Shopping Club's cable-television program. Field was asked to have 10,000 Foot Logs ready for shipment, but he could not handle an order that size. A compromise was reached and Field agreed to have 5,000 Foot Logs ready for shipment in 30 days. However, this was still a tall order for Field as he didn't have the capital for production of this size. He also lacked an assembly team and shipping facilities.
To tackle the problem, Field borrowed some money from a relative and quickly arranged for increased production of the Foot Log components. He hired disabled students who were in need of work to do the assembling. He also enlisted the help of some 20 families in his neighborhood to assemble and box the Foot Logs for shipping.
The Home Shopping Club sold 3,200 Foot Logs during the first airing of the sales message. They then sold the remaining 1,800 halfway through a second presentation. 100,000 more were sold over the next several months. Field's product has also been featured on the QVC home shopping channel and is sold through 250 Relax The Back stores.
Assembly is still done by the schools for the handicapped and neighborhood families, but Field now has a shipping operation staffed by employees.
The company has sold over 500,000 logs in a single year. Sales have been so good that Field has added a second product: it is 25 inches long, has bicycle-type handles at each end, and is designed for application to any part of the body. Not surprisingly, he calls it "The Body Log."
Attn: Ren Field
2022 W. 12310 S.
Ren Field, developer of the FootLog, considers what he does more of a hobby than a business. Field himself has said,
"I can't really call the hours and effort put into my product a job; I have too much fun!"
Ranked as 17th fastest growing Utah business
Winner of the Blue Chip Enterprise Initiative Award