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Reverend Robert H. Howren ~ Methodist Circuit Rider
March 11, 2017 at 12:28 am	(Faith and Begorrah, Wiregrass Methodists)
Tags: Battle of Brushy Creek, Benjamin Grantham, Bethlehem Church, Capel Raiford, Clementine Perry, Concord Church, Concord FL, Francis M. Smith, George Bishop, George W. Davis, Georgia Methodists, Hamilton W. Sharpe, Holy Ghost, John J. Taylor, John Johnson, John L. Jerry, Lasa Adams, Lowndes Campground, Lowndes Circuit, Lowndes County GA, Lowndes Mission, Madison FL, Martha M. Durant, Morven Campground, Morven GA, Norman Campbell, Paul Johnson, Robert Hudson Howren, Robert Stripling, Tallahassee District, Thomas Carleton, Thomas Cliffs, Troupeville Circuit, Wellborn FL, Wesleyan Christian Advocate
Reverend Howren brought his family to old Lowndes County in 1836 as conflicts with Native Americans were rising in Florida and Georgia. The Howrens settled on Coffey's Road and became neighbors of fellow Methodist Hamilton W. Sharpe. Sharpe's Store, on the Coffee Road, was the first commercial establishment in Lowndes County, and became an early post office for the area. Sharpe was a captain of local militia in the Indian Wars and was active in politics. Salem Methodist Church was about five miles south on Coffee road.
Methodist minister Robert Hudson Howren. Reverend Howren was a neighbor of Hamilton W. Sharpe in Old Lowndes County. He was appointed to ride the Troupville Circuit of south Georgia in 1841.
Robert Hudson Howren was born in Georgetown, SC, August 9, 1811. Born of Christian parents and trained for God, he was converted at the age of fourteen. His father was a sea captain and afterwards a local Methodist preacher – a man of strong character, some peculiarities, but of striking points of excellence as a man an ad a preacher. Young Robert moved with him to Charleston, SC, where for a while he attended school, but afterwards embarked as a a seaman on his father's vessel. At the age of nineteen he became captain of a vessel, but God needed him for service on other seas, and quitting that boat he embarked on the "Old Ship Zion"… On May 16, 1835, he was married to Miss Martha M. Durant, who was his faithful companion in life's voyage, and with gentle love ministered to his dying wants. – Minutes of the Florida Annual Conference, 1890
About Reverend Howren, Folks Huxford wrote:
Reverend R. H. Howren, one of the old ante-bellum preachers, moved with his family in 1836 from Madison county, Florida, to that portion of Lowndes, which now is in Brooks county, and for a few years lived near Brother Hamilton W. Sharpe of whom mention has already been made.
His [Reverend Howren's] reminiscences contained in his article published in the Wesleyan Christian Advocate under date of December 17, 1884 is very valuable in throwing light on the early Methodist activities and the spiritual life of old Lowndes county. His article was written forty-eight years after. At that time he was a retired minister living at Concord, Florida. From his article we quote at length:
"We refugeed to that neighborhood (Lowndes county) from Madison Fla., on account of the Indians; rented a farm from Bro. Hamilton W. Sharpe and soon became connected with the Sunday-school and members of the large interesting bible class conducted by Bro. Sharpe that year (1836) at old Bethlehem Church in Lowndes county, Ga. The Sunday-school was flourishing, congregation full and attentive, preaching nearly every Sabbath. The style of it was Wesleyan, or if you please apostolic – in demonstration of the Spirit and power. Often the preachers would stop and shout while preaching, and sometimes the people would shout and stop the preacher for a little while whether he felt like shouting or not, and in all this there was no confusion or disorder at all, but the very harmony of heaven. It kept the stones from crying out. It was the lumbering of the train on the track heard at a distance while the freightage on board was born on in quiet safety.'Oh, that men now and then, would praise the Lord in the assembly of His saints' and 'talk of His wonderful work to the children of men!'
The Methodists first served old Lowndes county as a part of the Tallahassee District. This vast district swept across south Georgia from the Flint River to the Okefinokee Swamp. In 1832 the Methodists established the Lowndes Mission, and the first Methodist ministers riding on the Lowndes Circuit were George W. Davis, George Bishop, Capel Raiford and Robert Stripling. Tillman Dixon Peurifoy and John Slade later rode the Troupville Circuit
In 1884, Reverend Robert H. Howren wrote of the early work of the Methodists in Old Lowndes County.
This early work was called the Lowndes Circuit and embraced Lowndes county and portions of other counties around. Bros. Francis M. Smith and J. J. Taylor were the preachers. Bro. Smith married Miss Clementine Perry, a member of Bro. Sharpe's family. He traveled a few years and then studied medicine. Wonder if he is still living? Bro. Taylor traveled on a few years, married Mrs. Lowe of Columbia county, Florida, located, subsequently was readmitted to the Florida Conference, in a few years located again, then for many long years served the church as a local preacher, and was faithful to death. He died last year (1883) in Wellborn, Fla., finishing his work, as we learned, in great peace. He was my friend. I loved him like a brother; we were young preachers together and we were old preachers together; fought side by side many a battle. He is now crowned and I'm yet "laboring up the hill."
Continuing in his article Bro. Howren made mention of the local preachers of the Lowndes Circuit in those early days (1830s).
"The local preachers of this circuit were Thomas Clift, John Johnson and Paul Johnson, three as faithful men as I have ever known through limited in their education. They were a power in the pulpit, doing great good through all that country for many years. Bro. Clift was a natural born preacher. The first words he uttered were a flood of light to my mind on the subject; his text was 'Blessed are the peacemakers for they shall be called the children of God' (Matthew 5:9). He said 'No man can be a peacemaker in the sense of my text until he first makes his peace with God', etc. He had a hard struggle through life for a material support but his brethren helped him more or less every year, and sometimes at camp-meetings he would get as much as fifty dollars in presents from his friends and those who appreciated his godly labors. Bro. John Johnson was a good and useful preacher, rode the same horse for many years; after he became blind his faithful animal would carry him to and from his appointments in perfect safety, stopping every time under the same limb or at the same tree where it was accustomed to be hitched. Bro. Paul Johnson was a weeping profit. I don't think I ever heard him that he did not weep most of the time he was preaching, and in this way reached the hearts of many that no doubt would not have been touched by ordinary preaching. He had a son who grew up and became a preacher; held family prayer three times a day – morning, noon and night – the only man I have ever known to do it. He prospered in the world. God's word was verified: 'Say ye to the righteous, it shall be will with him'".
Bro. Howren in discussing the lay members and leading Methodist families, wrote in the same article:
Outside of the ministry there was a noble band of lay members at and around old Bethlehem. The Blairs, Folsoms, Campbells, and Granthams. Bro. William Grantham was the class-leader and was not only a soldier of the Cross and fought bravely the battles of the Lord but was a good soldier of his country.
That year in that neighborhood they had a very heated skirmish with the Indians. Brother Sharpe, I believe, commanded the fight. A great, stalwart Indian and Bro. Grantham made for the same tree at the same time; coming from opposite sides, neither discovered the other til they met at the tree. Then came the 'tug of war' – around and around that old cypress tree of a hundred years growth they went, each trying to shoot the other. At length the Indian fired and missed; he then attempted to retreat but Bro. Grantham captured him."
Howren's above recollection of "a very heated skirmish" refers to the 1836 Battle of Brushy Creek in Lowndes County, GA. Norman Campbell's account of the battle also relates the incident of Grantham and the Indian chasing each other around a cypress tree. Lasa Adam's account of the Battle of Brushy Creek and actions on Warrior Creek highlights the leadership of Captain Grantham. Captain Hamilton Sharpe and Levi J. Knight also led a companies of Lowndes County men in these engagements.
Bro. Hamilton W. Sharpe in his article in the Wesleyan Christian Advocate in 1884 …, said in reference to these early local preachers: "Among the early ministers little and unknown and who were loved and prized by God for their love and patience were Revs. Thomas Cliffs, Paul Johnson, John Johnson, Thomas Carleton with many others I could name, who now mingle the redeemed in Heaven. Only a few days since while walking in the cemetery at Concord Church I remarked to my wife that among the dead there was Bro. Cliffs but nothing is there to mark his grave. Bro. Cliffs was good, poor and afflicted but he is where no sorrow ever comes."
Bro. Howren in another article in the Advocate (April 23, 1884) tells of the time he was first licensed to preach. It was at the old Morven Camp-ground then called Lowndes Camp-ground in 1837. He wrote in part:
"In the fall of that year I was licensed to exhort. Bro. Francis M. Smith was circuit preacher; Bro. John L. Jerry, presiding elder. Bro. Hamilton W. Sharpe was licensed at the same time and place. It was what was then called Lowndes Camp-ground but for many years since called the Morven-campground which I believe is still kept up by the brethren there and is over fifty years old, has been in that country a power for good.
"I remember very distinctly at one of those meetings that the older preachers got up a discussion on sanctification, some contending it to be a separate work from regeneration. I was young and said nothing but thought it would spoil if not break up the meeting. A young preacher who, like myself, had nothing to say on the subject in dispute, was appointed to preach on Saturday night. He got up and took his text 'He that believeth on the Son of God hath the witness in himself.' He got about half through his sermon; all at once the Holy Ghost came down upon the preacher and people; he had to stop preaching, and just such a time of shouting and rejoicing I never witnessed before nor since under one sermon. That young man was the Rev. J. J. Taylor, now living at Wellborn, Fla. I never heard him preach before nor since as he did on that night. The discussion ceased, the Devil left the camp-ground and we were all of one mind and heart, rejoicing in the love of Jesus."
Fifty appointments he received from the Bishops. Once only, did he miss a Conference session, and that from sickness. In all time he stood blameless before his brethren. During this time he never took a vacation. District Circuit and Mission work was alike, faithfully performed by him. Many times he was sent to hard and trying fields; but he made no choice of appointment, going cheerfully to the place Chosen for him, glad to labor anywhere for the Master. Once he was selected to preside over his brethren in annual session in absence of a Bishop. – Minutes of the Florida Annual Conference, 1890
Reverend Robert Hudson Howren and his wife are buried at Evergreen Cemetery, Jasper, FL.
Map of Old Troupville, GA with Notes on the Residents
Post Offices of the Old Berrien Pioneers
Liveoak Methodist Church
Reverend Joseph Frank Snell, Pastor of the Ray City Methodist Church
Fifty Years of Methodist Ministers ~ Ray City, GA
A Brief History of the Ray City Methodist Church
James W. Talley, Milltown Doctor
Norman Campbell Collected Taxes, Fought Indians
Camp Townsend
Riders of the Troupville Circuit: Tillman Dixon Peurifoy
Reverend John Slade of the Troupville Circuit
G & F Railroad To Open with Big Excursion
September 26, 2014 at 12:45 am	(Georgia & Florida Railroad)
Tags: Broxton GA, Douglas GA, Georgia and Florida railroad, Hazlehurst GA, Madison FL, Nashville GA, Rays Mill Georgia, Valdosta GA, Willacoochee GA
Road opens with big excursion
Georgia and Florida railroad prepared to open. Atlanta Georgian and News, Sep. 26, 1908
Atlanta Georgian and News
To Open Road With Big Excursion
Valdosta, Ga., Sept. 26. – The businessmen of Valdosta held a meeting at the city hall yesterday afternoon for the purpose of perfecting arrangements for the entertainment of the people along the line of the Georgia and Florida railroad who are coming to this city on the big excursion which the road will run next Thursday. This event will mark the opening of a passenger schedule on the new line between Hazlehurst and Madison, Fla., via Valdosta, and it is said that hundreds of persons are coming to this city from the different towns along the line. Many of them will be strangers who have never visited Valdosta, and all will be given a royal welcome.
The track-layers on the gap of the line between Valdosta and Nashville joined the rails near Rays Mill last Saturday and this week has been spent in surfacing the roadbed and getting ready for the passenger schedule to go on October 1. The road is now in operating order from Hazlehurst to Madison, Fla.
First Regular Train on the G & F, The Valdosta Times, September 26, 1908 Pg 5
The Valdosta Times
Many are Coming Next Week
First Regular Train on G. & F. will Bring Large Crowds
It Will Arrive From Hazlehurst Next Wednesday with Five Hundred Excursionists to Spend the Day in Valdosta – Crowd Will be Entertained Here.
The first regular passenger train over the Georgia and Florida railroad will reach this city next Wednesday at noon from Hazelhurst, Ga.
The train will leave Hazlehurst that morning at seven o'clock and it will come through by Broxton, Douglas, Willacoochee, Nashville and other places, taking up a crowd of people at each station and bring them to Valdosta to spend the day.
The first train will be devoted exclusively to the white people and the officials of the road are working up the crowd to come here. It will consist of the best class of people between here and Hazlehurst, and the citizens of Valdosta have already decided to arrange some line of entertainment for the visitors.
A meeting will be held tonight to take up the matter and discuss what line of entertainment shall be arranged. It has been suggested that open-house be kept for the visitors and that lunches be prepared and served to them. One suggestion was to tag every guest with a badge, which should admit him to the place where refreshments are to be served. Another suggestion was to have the dinner prepared when the guests arrive and serve it to the visitors in a bunch, so that the citizens of Valdosta will have a better opportunity to meet them and talk with them.
The details of the entertainment will be arranged later, it having already been decided to make it all that it should be. Valdosta never lags when a test of hospitality comes and every citizen will do his part toward welcoming to the city the people on the line of road above here.
It is very probable that the meeting tonight will decide all about what kind of entertainment will be given the visitors.
Rays Mill Gets G & F Depot
Bound by a Band of Steel
The Georgia and Florida Construction Company
Rays Mill Wins Route for the Georgia & Florida Railroad
Whangdoodled on Panama Canal Contract, Billy Oliver put in a Bid to Construct G & F Railroad Through Ray City
M. W. Henderson and the Wreck of the G & F
1922 Ray City Bus Service was Competition for the G & F
Southern Georgia: Railroad Pamphlet
1910 Train Wreck Gave Charlie Taylor A Fat Lip
1914 Box Ball Alley ~ Mayhaw Lake at Rays Mill, GA
1910 Train Wreck in Valdosta, GA
Ray's Mill has Arrived
Mayhaw Lake Resort at Ray City, GA
Luckie Stop at Ray City
The Last Run of the Iron Horse
September 5, 2014 at 12:06 am	(Georgia & Florida Railroad)
Tags: Berrien County GA, Georgia and Florida railroad, Hazlehurst GA, John Mathis, Madison FL, Mahlon Parker Bowers, Mathis Depot, Nashville GA, Ray City GA, Ray's Mill Depot, Ray's Mill GA, Richard A. Whitehurst, Valdosta GA
The railroad played an important role in the development of Ray City. It spurred the development of businesses like the Mayhaw Lake Resort and Luckie Lumber Mill (later Clements Lumber Company). It provided farmers with access to distant markets, and the people of Ray City with transportation to cities and connecting destinations.
By September 1908, the G&F Construction Company was nearing completion of the Georgia and Florida Railroad. The section running from Nashville, GA via Rays Mill (now Ray City, GA) to Valdosta was the last remaining track to be laid. A contract was let out to construct a "neat and commodious" train depot at Rays Mill at a cost of $1500 dollars. The contractor was Richard A. Whitehurst, of Valdosta, GA. In addition to the depot, the railroad built a number of section houses at Ray's Mill. These were homes for railroad employees and their families. A big wooden water tower was constructed just south of Main Street on the east side of the tracks to provide water for the trains.
1908 announcement of the construction of a train depot in Rays Mill, GA
NEW ROAD WILL START PASSENGER SCHEDULE
Georgia and Florida Will Begin to Operate Trains Between Nashville, Ga., and Madison, Fla.
Valdosta, Ga., September 5. – (Special.) It is announced that a regular passenger schedule on the Georgia and Florida railroad will be inaugurated on October 1, and that trains will then be run between this city and Hazlehurst, on the Southern railway. The gap from here to Nashville, Ga., 26 miles, will be completed within the next three weeks or less, giving a straight line from Hazlehurst to Madison, Fla. It is understood that two passenger trains a day will be run each way.
Contractor R. A. Whitehurst, of this city, today signed contracts to build two depots for the road between here and Nashville. The first will be located at the place of John Mathis, about 8 miles north of this city, and the other at Rays mill, in Berrien county. The depots are to be neat and commodious structures, and will cost about $1,500 each. So far as known now these will be the only stations between Valdosta and Nashville, but there is a probability of one more being build. The new line opens a splendid territory in this and Berrien county.
By November 9, the depot at Rays Mill was ready to open.
Train depot at Rays Mill, GA was ready to open November 9, 1908.
Valdosta Times
The new depots at Mathis and Ray's Mill on the Georgia and Florida road are nearly completed and will soon be ready for occupancy. The depot at Mathis was thrown open Monday and an agency established there. The agency at Ray's Mill will be established next Monday [Nov 9, 1908]. The company has just received and put on several new passenger cars, which helps general appearances wonderfully. – Nashville Herald.
Mahlon Parker Bowers was later a Railroad Agent for the G&F Railroad at the Ray City,GA depot.
March 7, 2013 at 12:14 am	(Georgia & Florida Railroad)
Tags: A. & F. Wright, Douglas GA, G. M. Jones, Georgia and Florida railroad, Hazelhurst GA, J. M. Turner, James S. Swindle, Madison FL, Ray City GA
By 1908, Valdosta already had railroads and so did Nashville. Now The Douglas Enterprise reported the Georgia & Florida Railroad would lay track to close the 26 mile gap between them, "Two of the brightest stars of the group of South Georgia's cities bound by a band of steel."
The citizens of Ray's Mill had secured the routing of the tracks to pass through the small community, over a competing route that would have passed through Cat Creek (see Rays Mill Wins Route for the Georgia & Florida Railroad).
At that time Mr. J.S. Swindle owned much of the land around the present site of the town. It is said that he bargained with the railroad company to give them the right of way if they would give him a station. This agreement was made and thus started the town [of Ray City].
It was projected that regular passenger service on the new G & F line would begin on October 1, 1908. Two trains a day would stop at the station in Rays Mill. The train depot and local offices of the Georgia & Florida Railroad were to be among the first businesses in the newly incorporated town of Ray City. In addition to the depot, the railroad would build a number of section houses at Ray's Mill to house railroad employees and their families. The new line, it was said, "opens up a splendid territory in this [Lowndes] and Berrien County." Ultimately the G & F Railroad would connect Augusta, Georgia and Madison, Florida.
By March, 1908 surveying was underway for the final segment of the Georgia and Florida railroad connecting Nashville and Valdosta, GA.
Surveying the route of the Georgia and Florida Railroad. Valdosta Daily Times, March 7, 1908
Valdosta Daily Times
ROAD SOON TO BE COMPLETED.
Work on the Line to Nashville to Start in Short While.
The Georgia and Florida Road Secures Additional Offices Here to be Used During the Period of Constructing the Line – The New Outlets at Augusta.
(From Tuesday's Daily.
The links that will complete the Georgia and Florida Railroad are to be built at once and the big road for which Valdostans have hoped and wised so long will soon pass from a dream to reality.
Mr. G. M. Jones, assistant chief engineer of the road, arrived in Valdosta yesterday. He has located an office in this city from where he will supervise the construction of the road between Valdosta and Nashville. It is learned on good authority that work will begin right away and be pushed to completion as early as possible. This is the only line of much length between Madison and Hazlehurst, unless a new one from Douglas is built which would straighten the main road considerably between that city and Hazlehurst.
It is thought that by the end of the year the whole road will be finished and that through trains will be running from Augusta to Madison.
It is hard to estimate the benefit this road will be to Valdosta, as it will give the city direct passage into a rich and fast developing territory that it has been hard to reach heretofore.
It will give her another big trunk line which, it is claimed will be the equal of any one of the lines she now has, which is a pretty big claim.
With the completion of this road new enterprises are bound to spring up which will add greatly to the city's material prosperity and growth.
There is now a road being built from Augusta to Elberton the Southern has a road from Elberton to Toccoa, and when the Georgia and Florida is completed a direct route into North-east Georgia will be had which will add greatly to the travel and trade from that part of the state.
It will open up a field in Georgia for the early melons and truck and field products of this section that has hardly been touched heretofore.
With the Georgia and Florida road in operation Valdosta should become one of the biggest truck and melon centers in the South.
It will open up a new territory for the foundries and machine shops, buggy and harness factories and for the production of every factory and field of this section.
It will be a glad day for Valdosta when train begin to move between here and Augusta.
CONTRACT IS LET
On March 18, 1908, Engineering and Contracting magazine announced that a contract had been let for construction of the railroad line that would pass through Rays Mill, GA:
"Valdosta, Ga.—Georgia & Florida Ry., J. M. Turner, General Manager, Augusta. Ga., is to construct a line from Valdosta to Nashville, Ga., about 30 miles, to link two of the properties of the company. A. & F. Wright have been awarded the contract. The Georgia & Florida Ry. controls a number of small roads which it is proposed to connect. Much of this work has already been done." – Engineering and contracting. (March 18, 1908). New York: The Myron C. Clark Pub. Co. Pg 25
Railroad Horror! 1888 Train wreck kills John T. Ray and 30-odd others
General Levi J. Knight ~ Railroad Tycoon
December 17, 2012 at 12:09 am	(Coffee Road, Governance & Civics, Troupville of Old Lowndes County)
Tags: A. K. Harmon, Alapaha River, Allapaha Post Office, Andrew J. Liles, Bainbridge GA, Barry J. Folsom, Beaverdam Creek, Benjamin Sirmans, Coffee Road, Confederate Postal Service, Daniel McCranie, Flat Creek Post Office, Franklinville GA, Franklinville-Jacksonville Post Road, Georgia Militia District 1144, Hahira GA, Hamilton Sharpe, Hamilton W. Sharpe, Henry J. Stewart, Holmesville GA, Irwinville GA, Isaac Delk Hutto, Isben Giddens, Jacksonville GA, James Mathis, James Perry, James S. Harris, James Williams, John Blackshear, John Dees, John G. Polhill, John Hall, John M. Futch, John Mathis, Joseph E. Brown, Joshua Lee, Lee Mill, Levi J. Knight, Lions Creek, Little River, Lowndes County GA, Lowndes County Superior Court, Lowndesville Georgia, Lyons Creek, Madison FL, Magnum Post Office, Martin Shaw, Matthew Hodge Albritton, McCranie's Post Office, Milltown GA, Morven GA, Nashville GA, Nashville-Milltown Road, Nathan W. Byrd, Noah Webster Griffin, Norman Campbell, Peter Munford, Randal Folsom, Ray City GA, Ray's Mill GA, Reverend Jonathan Gaulden, Samuel H. Harris, San Pedro FL, Sharpe's Store, Star Route, Ten Mile Creek, Thomas M. Ray, Thomasville GA, Townsend GA, Troupville GA, Troupville Post Office, Waresboro Georgia, Warner's Ferry, Waycross GA, William Smith, Withlacoochee River
EARLY POSTAL SERVICE
In was not until after the Civil War that mail service at Rays Mill (Ray City, GA) became available. But the mail was one of the earliest public services provided in the Wiregrass frontier of Georgia and the postal service for the region of present day Ray City stretches back more than 185 years.
Access to this early postal service was hardly convenient. When pioneers like Levi J. Knight brought their families to Beaverdam Creek in the 1820s, this area of what was then Lowndes County was on the remote southern frontier. A small frontier community was beginning to grow about ten miles to the east, near the Alapaha River where Lakeland now is, where a settler named Joshua Lee had established a grist mill a few years earlier. Joshua Lee and his brother Jesse had come to the area in 1820 , and in 1821 began using slave labor and free labor to construct a dam to impound Banks Lake for a mill pond.
But, in 1825 no postal service had been established at the Lee Mill nor anywhere else in the region. In 1827, when an official post office finally was established, it was situated on the Coffee Road, some 25 miles from where the Knights homesteaded on Beaverdam Creek.
McCRANIE'S POST OFFICE
The first post office in Lowndes County (which then encompassed present day Lowndes, Berrien, Cook, Brooks, Lanier, and parts of Tift, Colquitt, and Echols counties) was established on March 27, 1827, at the home of Daniel McCranie on the newly opened Coffee Road. Coffee's Road was the first road in Lowndes County, but it was only a "road" in the sense that it was a path cleared through the forest with tree stumps cut low enough for wagon axles to clear them. Officially, McCranie's Post Office was designated simply as "Lowndes."
The Waycross Journal-Herald
April 8, 1952 Pg 3
The McCranie Family
Daniel McCranie settled on the Coffee Road on lot of land No. 416, 9th District of present Cook County, according to the writer's information. It was at his home there that the first post office in Lowndes County was established March 27, 1827, and he became the first postmaster; was also there that the first term of Lowndes Superior Court was held in 1826. The next year 1828, the post office was moved down Little River to a new place called 'Franklinville' which had been designated the county seat, and there William Smith became the postmaster. The mail in those days was carried by the stage coach except to those offices off the main lines of travel when it was carried in saddlebags on horseback.
1830 Georgia map detail – original Lowndes County, showing only a conceptual location of Coffee Road, Franklinville, Withlacoochee River, and Alapaha River.
SHARPE'S STORE POST OFFICE
The Milledgeville Southern Recorder, May 17, 1828 announced that Hamilton W. Sharpe had opened a post office at Sharpe's Store, Lowndes County, GA.
Hamilton W. Sharpe announces post office at Sharpe's Store, Lowndes County, GA. The Milledgeville Southern Recorder, May 17, 1828.
Milledgeville Southern Recorder
A Post Office has been recently established at Sharpe's Store, in Lowndes county, Geo. on the route from Telfair Courthouse to Tallahassee – Hamilton W. Sharpe, Esq. P.M.
Hamilton W. Sharpe served as Postmaster at Sharpe's Store until 1836. At that time the name of the post office was briefly changed to Magnum Post Office, with John Hall appointed as Postmaster.
FRANKLINVILLE POST OFFICE
Franklinville, having been selected in 1827 as the public site new county of Lowndes, was situated near the Withlacoochee River at a location about 10 miles southwest of Levi J. Knight's homestead (see Reverend William A. Knight at old Troupville, GA; More About Troupville, GA and the Withlacoochee River.)
…the post office was moved down the Withlacoochee River to the home of William Smith on lot of land No. 50, 11th district of present Lowndes where the court house commissioners had only recently decided to locate the first court house and name the place 'Franklinville.' On July 7, 1828, the Post Office Department changed the name of the post office to 'Franklinville' and appointed Mr. Smith as postmaster.
Postmaster Smith's annual salary in 1831 was $16.67.
The erstwhile town of Franklinville did not exist long – only about four years. At its best, it could only boast one store and three or four families and the court house.
The court house was built there in 1828-29, and was a small crude affair, costing only $215.00. The first term of court in it was held in the fall of 1829.
William Smith was the first one to settle there, and was living there when the site was chosen. The only other families to ever live there, so far as can be determined were John Mathis, James Mathis and Sheriff Martin Shaw. After a short residence there the three last named moved to that part of Lowndes cut off into Berrien in 1856.
There began to be dissatisfaction about the location of the court house. It was off the Coffee Road which was the main artery of traffic and communication, and from the beginning was not an auspicious location. The legislature in 1833 changed the county-site to lot of land No. 109 in the 12th district, about three miles below the confluence of Little River and the Withlacoochee River. It was named 'Lowndesville." The post office however was not moved there, but the little court house was torn down and moved there."
Newspaper accounts of the time indicate the courthouse remained at Franklinville at least as late as 1835, when a big Fourth of July celebration was held there. Among the speakers celebrating the "Declaration of American Independence" at Franklinville that day were Levi J. Knight, Hamilton Sharpe, Reverend Jonathan Gaulden, William Smith, John Blackshear, James Williams and John Dees.
By 1836, the federal government acted to ensure reliable postal routes to the post office at Franklinville to serve the residents of Lowndes County (although the county seat had been removed to Lowndesville.)
CHAP. CCLXXI.- An Act to establish certain post roads, and to alter and discontinue others, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the following be established as post roads:
In Georgia—From Franklinville, Lowndes county, Georgia, via Warner's Ferry, to Townsend post office, in Madison county, Territory of` Florida.…From Jacksonville, Telfair county, via Holmesville, in Appling county, and Wearesboro, in Weare county, to Franklinville, in Lowndes county.
Approved July 2, 1836
This post road, built with slave labor, ran through Allapaha (now Lakeland), passed just south of L. J. Knight's place, and continued west to Franklinville. With a public road established, a stagecoach route went into service from Thomasville, via Frankinville, to Waycross.
Detail of J.H. Young's 1838 Tourist Pocket Map of the State of Georgia showing the route from Waresboro to Thomasville, GA.
Detail of Burr's 1839 postal map showing the route from Waresboro to Thomasville via Franklinville and Magnum, Lowndes County, GA
TROUPVILLE POST OFFICE
Only a year after the clearing of the post roads to Franklinville, it was decided to move the Lowndes county seat yet again, this time from Lowndesville to a new site, named Troupville, at the confluence of the Withlacoochee and the Little River (Map of Old Troupville, GA with Notes on the Residents).
November 10, 1841 letter from Samuel E. Swilley to Charles J. McDonald, Governor of Georgia, posted at Troupville, GA and reporting Indian activity in the area. Captain Samuel E. Swilley was a militia leader in the 1836-1842 Indian Wars in Lowndes County, GA.
1845 letter sent from Troupville, GA hand franked by Postmaster William Smith. Image source: http://www.cortlandcovers.com/
In 1837, the transfer of the post office and Postmaster William Smith from Franklinville to Troupville inconvenienced many residents of north Lowndes county, possibly prompting the resumption of postal service at Sharpe's Store on Coffee Road. The name of Magnum Post Office reverted to Sharpe's Store Post Office, and Hamilton W. Sharpe was again Postmaster.
H. W. Sharpe re-opened the post office at Sharpe's Store on the Coffee Road, Lowndes County, GA. Southern Recorder, April 18, 1837.
Unfortunately, Sharpe's Store was even farther distant from Beaverdam Creek; the Knights, Clements, and their neighbors were left with a forty mile round trip to Troupville fetch the mail. Sharpe himself served as Postmaster 1837 to 1848. James Perry took over as Postmaster at Sharpe's store from 14 December, 1848 to 16 August, 1849, when Sharpe returned to the position. John G. Polhill took the position 5 July, 1850, and Norman Campbell took over 21 August, 1850 to 21 July 1853 when the post office was moved to Morven, GA.
By 1838, Postmaster William Smith at Troupville was receiving weekly mail via routes from Waresboro and Bainbridge, and from San Pedro, Madison County, FL. In 1847 weekly mail was coming and going from Irwinville and Bainbridge, GA, and from Madison, FL. William Smith continued as the Troupville Postmaster until October 30, 1848 when attorney Henry J. Stewart took over. On August 16, 1849 William Smith resumed as Postmaster at Troupville.
Weekly service extended in 1851 to Waresboro, Albany and Irwinville, and to Columbus, FL.
Travel in the South in the 1830s
ALLAPAHA POST OFFICE
By the late 1830s, Allapaha (now Lakeland, GA), had grown into a bustling trade center with several mills and businesses. Ten miles east of Knight's farm, Allapaha was situated at the point where the Franklinville-Jacksonville Post Road crossed the Alapaha River. In 1838 a post office was established there , and Benjamin Sirmans was the first postmaster. Weekly mail service berween Waresboro or Waynesville and Troupville came by Allapaha.
Early Postmasters of Allapaha (now Lakeland, GA)
Benjamin Sermons Postmaster 06/27/1838
Isaac D. Hutto Postmaster 05/03/1841
James S. Harris Postmaster 03/05/1842
Samuel H. Harris Postmaster 09/12/1846
Peter Munford Postmaster 01/28/1848
Andrew J. Liles Postmaster 11/27/1849
While Andrew J. Liles was Postmaster, the name of the town was changed from Allapaha to Milltown, GA.
FLAT CREEK POST OFFICE
Another early Berrien post office was located at Flat Creek, about 15 miles north of present day Ray City, GA. This post office was established on August 9th, 1847. At that time, Flat Creek was a growing community located on one of the first roads in Berrien County, and warranted the establishment of a post office. The community center was built largely by Noah Griffin with the aid of his sons and African-American slaves. "At the time of the establishment of the post office there was a saw mill, grist mill, cotton gin, a country store and farm, all owned and run by Noah Griffin and his sons…" The J. H. Colton Map of Georgia, 1855 shows the Flat Creek community situated on Lyons Creek, a tributary of the Alapaha River now known as Ten Mile Creek. The store at Flat Creek was located on a road that connected Irwinville and points north to the town then known as Allapaha (now known as Lakeland, GA).
HAHIRA POST OFFICE
On May 7, 1852, a post office was opened at Hahira, GA and Barry J. Folsom was appointed as the first postmaster. Randal Folsom took over as postmaster in 1858. The post office at Hahira was closed in 1866, and postal service did not resume there until 1873.
STAR ROUTES
When Berrien County was created in 1856, there were still very few post offices in the area. "These were supplied by star routes, the carrier rode horseback." Prior to 1845, in areas inaccessible by rail or water transportation delivery of inland mail was let out to bid by contractors who carried mail by stagecoach. On March 3, 1845 Congress established an Act which provided that the Postmaster General should grant contracts to the lowest bidder who could provide sufficient guarantee of faithful performance, without any conditions, except to provide for due celerity, certainty and security of transportation. These bids became known as "celerity, certainty and security bids" and were designated on the route registers by three stars (***), thus becoming known as "star routes." In rural areas, a bidder who could provide delivery by wagon, or even horseback, could win a Star Route mail contract.
NASHVILLE POST OFFICE
With the creation of the new county of Berrien in 1856, a public site was selected and Nashville was established as the county seat. The site was near the geographic center of the county and located on the Coffee Road, one of the earliest public roads in Georgia. "Previous to the creation of Berrien County there had been for many years a farm and public inn located at this point on the Coffee Road." "The new county site had been laid out and christened and stores, shops and eating houses and other industries had been launched, where only a few months before there had been a farm and cow pens." In 1857 a post office was established at Nashville to serve the new town and the county residents. The early road from Nashville to Milltown passed through the Rays Mill community by way of the residences of General Levi J. Knight, Isben Giddens, and John M. Futch. Although Levi J. Knight's farm was situated at the midpoint on the Nashville – Milltown(Lakeland) road, it probably became a matter of convenience to post mail at Nashville as that was where the business of the county was conducted.
CONFEDERATE POSTAL SERVICE
With Secession, the services of the U.S. Post Office were lost to the South and to Berrien County. The Southern Recorder, Dec 29, 1863 reported on Acts passed by the [Confederate] Legislature and signed by the Governor, Joseph E. Brown, which included an act, "Requesting the establishment of a mail route between Milltown and Nashville in Berrien county." The 1864 Census for the Reorganization of the Georgia Militia shows that A. K. Harmon was then serving as a postmaster for the 1144th Georgia Militia District, which was centered on Ray's Mill. After the war, Nathan W. Byrd, a Nashville farmer and father-in-law of Matthew H. Albritton, served as the mail carrier on the route between Nashville and Milltown (Lakeland), GA.
RAY CITY POST OFFICE
After the Civil War postal service was established at the present site of Ray City, GA. The previous post, Posting Mail at Ray City, describes how the grist mill built by General Levi J. Knight and his son-in-law Thomas M. Ray on Beaverdam Creek became the first post station here.
Posting Mail at Ray City
Big Thumb McCranie was First Postmaster of Lowndes
James F. Fountain ~ Postmaster & Pecan Planter
David Jackson Rigell ~ First Postmaster of Ray's Mill? Maybe Not!
Ray City Post Office Wrecked By Dynamite
Attack of the Yeggmen
Bird's Mill Post Office
Civil War Letters of James Parrish
Confederate Letters of John William Hagan
Civil War Letters of William Washington Knight 1861-1863 in VSU Archives
August 6, 2012 at 12:02 am	(Georgia & Florida Railroad, Luckie Family)
Tags: Alue Plantation, Cat Creek GA, Dr. W.B. Goodman, Elizabeth Texas Ray, Georgia and Florida railroad, J. W. Webster, J.S. Swindle, Lowndes County Farmers' Club, Lowndes County GA, Madison FL, Nashville GA, Ray's Mill GA, Schofield & Sons, Southern Cotton Association, Valdosta GA, Valdosta Southern Railroad, William J. Oliver, William Tomlinson Staten
In 1907 when things began to firm up for the construction of the Georgia and Florida Railway line that would connect Nashville, GA and Valdosta, GA, railroad engineer J. W. Webster came through the area to lay out the route and to secure the right-of-way for the tracks. Webster was assisted by Dr. W. B. Goodman, who was the husband of Texas Ray Goodman and son-in-law of Ray City founder Thomas M. Ray. (see Thomas M Ray Founded Ray's Mill in 1863)
The Atlanta Georgian and News, September 6, 1907 Engineers Secure Rights-of-Way for Georgia and Florida Railroad
The Atlanta Georgian and News
ENGINEERS SECURE ROAD RIGHTS-OF-WAY
Special to The Georgian.
Valdosta, Ga., Sept. 6. – Assistant Engineer J. W. Webster, of the Georgia and Florida railroad, and Dr. W. B. Goodman, of Nashville, Ga., were in the city yesterday arranging for the right of way for the railroad into this city. They drove through the country, following the proposed line, and closed up options for a considerable portion of the right of way. The road will likely enter the city on the eastern border, with a sharp curve to the south, where a junction will be effected with the Valdosta Southern to Madison, Fla.
Engineer Webster states that work on the gap from this city to Nashville will begin in a short while, but owning to the fact that nearly all the railway contractors in the country have about all the work they can handle now with their present equipment, and a disposition not to invest money in increased facilities, it is impossible to state exactly when active work will begin.
The call for proposals to build the Georgia and Florida line drew the attention of some of the largest railroad contractors in the country (see previous post Whangdoodled on Panama Canal Contract, Billy Oliver put in a Bid to Construct G & F Railroad Through Ray City). With railroad construction underway all over the country in 1907, the original bids had come in too high for G & F's liking. But by late August of 1907 it was settled that Schofield & Sons, of Philadelphia would do the grading as soon as their equipment was available to do the work.
In the final consideration, there were two possible routes for the G & F line from Nashville to Valdosta, one by way of Cat Creek and the other to run past Rays Mill.
The Valdosta Times, January 29, 1908 reported that two routes were surveyed for the Georgia and Florida line from Nashville, GA to Valdosta, GA. One route would pass through Rays Mill, the other by way of Cat Creek.
Saturday, January 25, 1908, page 10,
Two Routes Surveyed for Road
The work of making the surveys on the road from here to Nashville will probably be completed this week, or within a very few days. Two routes have been surveyed. One of them comes in by way of Cat Creek and the other by Rays Mill. The route by Cat Creek also comes within a short distance of Mr. W.T. Staten's place on the east, he having been assisting in securing rights of way through that section.
(missing line(s) of print)
routes will be accepted, as the costs of the road is to be considered and then some consideration will probably be taken of the concessions that are given by people along the route. It has not been announced when the work on the road will be undertaken again, but it will probably be when the present warfare on railroads and corporations generally is stopped.
Transcription courtesy of Skeeter Parker.
William Tomlinson Staten (1866-1920), who was assisting the railroad in securing rights-of-way was well known as the Lowndes County tax collector, president of the Lowndes County Farmers' Club, and committee member on the state finance committee of the Southern Cotton Association. He owned much property including town lots and plantations. It was Staten who sold lots to the government for the construction of the federal courthouse and post office in Valdosta, GA. He owned a big plantation called "Alue" near Valdosta. He was a big produce shipper so securing a rail route by his Cat Creek plantation would have been in his interest.
But despite the influence of Staten, the support of local citizens of Rays Mill were able to secure the route for the new railroad:
W. T. Staten would later be among those seriously injured in the 1910 wreck of the G & F train in Valdosta, GA.
August 4, 2012 at 9:45 pm	(Georgia & Florida Railroad, Uncategorized)
Tags: A. H. Rutherford, Albert H. Carroll, Augusta & Gulf Railroad, Augusta and Florida Railroad, Augusta GA, Bank of Richmond, Bemiss GA, Douglas H. Gordon, E. L. Bemiss, F. E. Nolting, Georgia and Florida Construction Company, Georgia and Florida railroad, International Trust Company, J. William Middendorf, John Skelton Williams, L. M. Williams, Lewis C. Williams, Madison FL, Midville Swainsboro and Red Bluff Railroad, Millen and Southwestern Railroad, Ray's Mill GA, Seaboard Air Line Railway, Southern Investment Company
If any one man can be credited for the creation of the Georgia and Florida Railroad, it was John Skelton Williams. From inception it was intended that the G & F would run from Augusta, GA to Madison, FL, with plans to extend the line all the way to the Gulf of Mexico. But when Williams organized the railroad in 1906 it was far from clear to the citizens of Rays Mill, GA (now Ray City) that they would ever get a connection.
John Skelton Williams, organizer of the Georgia and Florida Railroad, was the first president of the Seaboard Airline Railroad, and later became U. S. Comptroller of the Currency. Image courtesy of the Library of Congress.
In 1906, John Skelton Williams was already a great power among the railroad men. He was a leading 'southern financier' and the ex-president of the Seaboard Air Line railway.
He became a partner with his father in the banking and brokerage business and later engaged actively in the material development of the South. He organized and consolidated the Seaboard Air Line and was elected the first president of this company in 1900. He also served as president of other railroad companies of less mileage and was president of the Bank of Richmond and of the Southern Investment Company. He was director of several other trust companies, banks and other corporations, and was recognized as one of the leading financiers of the South. – Biography-Of-John-Skelton-Williams
One of the "other railroad companies of less mileage" Williams organized was the Georgia and Florida Railroad. In the spring of 1906, The Valdosta Times reported with cautious optimism on Williams' interest in Valdosta for his new line. At the time, Williams was occupied with consolidating a precursor to the G & F, referred to in the article as the Augusta & Gulf.
March 10, 1906 The Valdosta Times reports on the organization of the Georgia and Florida Construction Company by John Skelton Williams.
DETAILS OF RAILROAD DEALS.
Official Statement in Regard to the Augusta & Gulf Railroad.
Messrs. Williams and Middendorf Give Out a Statement of Their Recent Deals and Also Give Some Intimation of Their Plans – Valdosta's Name is Frequently Used in the Deal, But That is All.
(From Tuesday's Daily.)
The following official announcement from the Manufacturers' Record relative to the proposed Augusta and Gulf railroad which will be one of the biggest trunk lines in the south, will prove of great interest locally as shown in the scope and certainty of this project.
The Georgia and Florida Construction Company, incorporated has been organized at Richmond, Va., for the purpose of uniting and forming a trunk line out of the several Georgia railroads purchased by the syndicate organized by John Skelton Williams of Richmond, J. William Middendorff of Baltimore and their associates. Information from Richmond received by the Manufacturers' Record says that the Construction Company, with an authorized capital of 50,000 to $90,000, has the following directors Douglas H. Gordon of Baltimore, president, and representing the International Trust Company of Baltimore, which is a member of the syndicate: E. L. Bemiss, vice president, and F. E. Nolting, treasurer, both of Richmond; A. H. Rutherford, of Baltimore, secretary; Albert H. Carroll, of Baltimore, Lewis C. Williams and L. M. Williams, both of Richmond.
Buys Six Roads.
The syndicate has thus far purchased six railroads in Georgia with a total length of 227 miles. They are the Augusta and Florida 30 miles long, from Keysville to Midville; the Midville, Swainsboro and Red Bluff railway, 20 miles long from Midville to Swainsboro; the Millen and Southwestern railroad, 53 miles line, from Millen via Stillmore to Vidalia; the Ocilla and Valdosta railroad, 55 miles long, from Hazelhurst via Broxton and Ocilla to Irwinville; the Douglas Augusta and Gulf railway, 57 miles long, from Barrows Bluff via Broxton, Douglas and Pinebloom to Nashville, and the Nashville and Sparks railroad, 12 miles long, from Nashville to Sparks. The Millen and Southwestern has a small branch of four miles from Durdenville to Monte. It will be necessary to use only part of some of these roads to form the proposed trunk line.
The Connecting Links.
To connect these various properties and make the proposed continuous railroad from Augusta to Valdosta it will be necessary to build links as follows: Augusta to Keysville, about 20 miles, connection between the Midville, Swainsboro and Red Bluff railway and the Millen and Southwestern railroad, about 10 miles; Vidalia to Hazelhurst about 25 miles: total, 80 or 90 miles of new construction.
The proposed extension from Valdosta southeward is not yet definitely decided upon. The object is to reach the Gulf of Mexico, and this may be done by building to Tallahassee to connect with the Georgia, Florida, and Alabama railway, which would take it to the port of Carabelle or a direct line south might be chosen. From 50 to 60 miles of new line might be required.
Come summertime, Williams had his railroad chartered and funded with a million dollars in capital. By this time it was clear that Nashville, Berrien County and the Wiregrass stood to benefit from the new railroad.
July 13, 1906, The Americus Times-Recorder reports that John Skelton Williams has received a charter for the Georgia and Florida Railroad.
By September, 1906 surveying was underway to determine the route the Georgia & Florida would follow from Augusta, GA to Madison, FL. But it appeared that the main trunk line of the G & F might pass east of Berrien County.
The Valdosta Times, September 15, 1906 reports Georgia and Florida Railroad has surveyors in the field.
But by the following summer, July 1907 it began to look like the trunk line of the Georgia & Florida would include construction of a connecting line from Nashville to Valdosta. No doubt the residents of Rays Mill began to contemplate the possibilities. Next up, Rays Mill Wins Route for the Georgia & Florida Railroad.
Rays Mill Wins Route for the Georgia & Florida Railroad.
routes surveyed | Search Results | Ray City History Blog
August 1, 2012 at 12:38 am	(Georgia & Florida Railroad, Uncategorized)
Tags: Army Corps of Engineering, Augusta GA, Berrien County GA, Georgia and Florida railroad, Lowndes County GA, Madison FL, Nashville GA, Panama Canal, Ray City GA, Sanford FL, Schofield & Sons, Valdosta GA, William J. Oliver
The contract to build the railroad line connecting Nashville, GA by way of Rays Mill (now Ray City) to Valdosta, GA, might not seem like a project that would attract one of the largest construction companies in America, but the 1907 call for bids for construction of the Georgia and Florida Railroad did just that. To be fair, the total contract concerned not just the 30 mile stretch of railroad from Berrien to Lowndes county, but about 70 additional miles of track to connect the various shortlines that comprised the Georgia and Florida railroad.
Perhaps the most prominent bidder for constructing the connecting lines of the G & F was William J. Oliver, the Tennessee contractor who earlier that year had submitted the lowest bid for the immensely huge task of constructing the Panama Canal. Oliver expected that the South Georgia cotton shipped over the Georgia and Florida Railroad would eventually find its way through the Panama Canal to meet the demand in Asian markets. When completed, the G & F line would certainly open the way for economic development in Berrien County, GA and fuel the growth of firms such as the Luckie Lumber Company at Ray City, GA.
William Jesse Oliver (1867-1925) was a prominent bidder for the contract to construct the Georgia and Florida Railroad.
In 1907, the early accounts indicated Oliver had a lock on the canal contract.
January 28, 1907, William J. Oliver to build the Panama Canal.
The first week of February, 1907, Harper's Weekly Magazine gave a short sketch on William J. Oliver and his bid for the Panama Canal.
William J. Oliver, Harper's Weekly, Feb 2, 1907
Harpers Weekly
THE MAN WHO BID LOWEST FOR THE PANAMA CANAL CONTRACT
William J. Oliver, in association with Anson J. Bangs, has made a proposition to build the Panama Canal for 6.75 percent, of total cost, and this bid, at the time of writing, is under favorable consideration by the government. In the combination which made this bid, Mr. Oliver has the dominant interest. Other bids were for 7.19, 12.50, and 28 per cent.
Mr. Oliver is thirty nine years of age. He was born in Mishawauka, a suburb of South Bend, Indiana. When he was sisteen years of age he started out on the Cotton Belt railroad with s fifteen team outfit as a railroad contractor. He has gradually progressed from one branch of railroad contracting to another, and owns one of the largest manufacturing plants in the United States for the building of contractors' machinery.
Mr. Oliver has also made a specialty of what contractors call "concrete work," and has built a number of concrete buildings, viaducts, and river bridges for railroads. He has over $30,000,000 of contracts now under way including the tunnelling of Lookout Mountain for the Southern Railway company, concrete buildings in Louisville and Nashville, a concrete dam at Chattanooga, sixty five feet high,in which there will be 50,000 cubic yards of reinforced concrete work. He is also laying double tracks and building extensions for various railroads.
In view of the announcement that Mr. Oliver purposes to use negroes from the West Indies as laborers on the canal, under the superintendence of white men from the South, it is interesting to recall the report that Governor Swettenham of Jamaica is opposed to the use of negroes from that island as foreign laborers, and has imposed a prohibitive emigration head tax to prevent the natives from leaving the island for America or Panama.
In the case of an award, Mr.Oliver will go to the isthmus to superintend personally the work of construction; he will take over the entire plant owned by the government, and will at once proceed to ship additional materials to the Zone.
Ultimately, the contract for construction of the Panama Canal went to the Army Corps of Engineers. Oliver said he had been "whangdoodled" by President Teddy Roosevelt, but his manufacturing company did end up supplying some of the construction equipment. The completed canal is still regarded as one of the greatest engineering achievements of the modern world.
May of 1907 found Oliver not in the Canal Zone but in Augusta, GA to bid on the G & F construction project. In the May 20, 1907 edition of The Atlanta Georgian and News, he was still protesting the politicized award of the Panama Canal contract, but the paper also reported his comments on the global impact of the opening of the Georgia and Florida Railroad. "When this line is completed,"he said, "it will largely solve the problem involved in the big suits now before the interstate commerce commission in the matter of rates from the South to Oriental ports. All the cotton goods and other freight that must cross the Pacific will go over this line and through the Panama Canal when it is finished," he said.
The Atlanta Georgian and News reports William J. Oliver will bid on the construction of the Georgia and Florida Railroad.
Within a few weeks, The Atlanta Georgian and News reported that The Georgia and Florida Railroad was ready to select a contractor.
By June of 1907, the selection of a contractor for construction of the Georgia and Florida Railroad was imminent.
But the bids came in too high and on June 22,1907 the railroad announced it would hold off on awarding a contract.
June 22, 1907 The Atlanta Georgian and News announced that the Georgia and Florida Railroad would not be letting a construction contract for some time.
On August 24 the contract was finally awarded, but went to Schofield & Sons of Philadelphia.
August 24, 1907, the Georgia and Florida Railroad contracts for construction of new line.
-So in the end, the man who famously did not get the Panama Canal contract, also did not get the Georgia & Florida railroad contract.


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Buhari expresses grief over Boko Haram execution of four aid workers in Borno
Major Gen. Buhari (retd.)
John Ameh, Abuja
The President, Major General Muhammadu Buhari (retd.), is saddened by the reported execution of four aid workers in the North-East by terrorists.
The Presidency, in a statement on Saturday, said Buhari condemned the killings.
However, the retired major general made reassurances of his regime defeating the terrorists.
"The defeat of evil by good is inevitable, no matter the pyrrhic victory evildoers seem to win", a part of the statement read.
It added, "The President feels saddened by the claimed development, and commiserates with the family and loved ones of the aid workers, who had offered themselves to serve humanity at grave risks.
"The aid workers had been abducted near Damasak, Borno State, in July, and had been held despite all efforts to secure their release, till their alleged execution."
It quoted the President in his own words, saying, "Evil will always be defeated by good at the end of the day.
"Whatever seeming victory evil records, eventually rebounds on the evildoer. We are resolved to beat evil in this land, and we remain unrelenting till we achieve it."
Buhari called on all insurgents to quit terrorism.
The statement was signed by his media aide, Mr Femi Adesina.
boko haram buhari

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Who are Passionists?
Charism & Mission
Passionists Saints
Superior's Office
Vocations Office
Advent Sermons
Christmas Sermons
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New Parish at Isinya (Ngong Diocese)
by admincp | Oct 25, 2021 | News | 0 comments
God has been so good to us as our Missions continue to expand. The Ordinary of the Large Diocese of Ngong His Lordship John Oballa Owaa, has given the Passionists Missionaries a Parish at Isinya that our presence may be felt among the people of God.
Isinya is a town in Kajiado County, Kenya, located at -1.67 latitude, 36.85 longitude, is 58 km south of Nairobi and 19 km north of Kajiado; the capital of the district. Isinya has a private airfield called Orly Air Park, often mistakenly thought to be named after Orly Airport in Paris. The name Orly is actually short for the name of area where the airfield is based, Olooloitikosh. It also serves as recreational air park that prides itself as THE HOME OF SPORT AVIATION IN KENYA. Some pilots and aviation schools prefer the airfield over Wilson Airport in Nairobi, due to lower costs.
Isinya is close to Kitengela and on your way to Tanzania via Namanga boader. Don't just pass to Tanzania, have yourself a rest at Isinya, where majority Massais and others kenyans have also bought chunks of land and constructed homes within Isinya
Nuncio to DRC: Pope Francis' journey will help bring reconciliation
Kenyan activist, Sant'Egidio Community win 2023 Zayed Human Fraternity Award
Pope prays for migrants in greetings to journalists on papal plane
Ethiopia: Somali Region Suspends 15 Media Outlets, Accuses Reporters of Working Without Licenses
barbarians-r-us on Pope Francis prays for homeless man who died in St. Peter's Square
Joe D on French cardinal confesses to sexual abuse
admincp on "Do this in remembrance of Me": Memory, Culture, Sacrament
admincp on Syriac monastery in Turkey reopens after 100 years
Patrick A. Schmiedeler on "Do this in remembrance of Me": Memory, Culture, Sacrament
Copyright by Passionists - Vice Province of St. Charles Lwanga Kenya © 2021


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The Proof Is in the Returns
By Natalie Singer
Tope Lawani '95 is invested in Africa, and so is the equity firm he heads
By the time Tope Lawani '95 started law school, he knew he would not likely spend his career practicing law. Already the impact of his Nigerian childhood and a captivation with investment markets had planted the seed of an idea that would eventually pull him back to his homeland in hopes of reaping great returns for investors—and for Africa itself.
Lawani is one of the two principals of Helios Investment Partners, a London-based equity firm focused exclusively on private investment in Africa. The firm has managed $1.8 billion in capital invested in more than 30 countries, primarily in sub-Saharan Africa.
The continent has historically been reliant on investment from development finance institutions, which are backed by states with developed economies and finance investments that specifically promote development. But Africa has become increasingly attractive to private investors because they can earn higher returns for less than commensurately higher risks, Lawani said.
He has built a portfolio reflecting the rapidly changing socioeconomic landscape of Africa. Sectors include media, telecommunications and banking. Among the limited partners in Helios' funds are global investment funds, corporate entities, high-net-worth individuals and development finance institutions.
It might be an understatement to call Lawani's educational background well-rounded: He received his bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from MIT, studied law at Harvard and stayed to earn his M.B.A., moving down the difficulty curve as he went, he joked.
He first fell in love with markets when he deferred law school for a year and worked for Disney analyzing potential acquisitions and business lines.
Later, in San Francisco at Texas Pacific Group, Lawani invested fortunes in North America, Latin America, Western Europe and Asia. But never in Africa.
Yet from abroad and on visits home, he watched the changes— including the spread of democracy, the growing privatization of various sectors, and the advent of information technology.
At the same time, he said, traditional world markets were becoming more competitive; returns were harder to obtain.
But for Lawani, convincing an employer to invest in Africa wasn't enough. In 2004, he and Babatunde Soyoye, also a native Nigerian, chose to be at the helm of an enterprise of their own, so they launched Helios.
"I don't believe in small things. I believe in trying to do big things," said Lawani, 41, who lives in London with his wife and three children.
Moreover, he was seeking returns other than just financial ones. His goal, beyond making money for his investors, was to help transform the continent.
Lawani grew up in the Nigerian city of Ibadan, as one of four sons in a well-to-do family. A top-of-the-line education and comfortable life would be his if he worked hard, yet the chasm between his experience and that of most Africans never escaped him.
You are surrounded, he said, by "people who have every bit as much talent and are every bit as hardworking as you, but for some reason, accident of birth or whatever, they end up with fewer life opportunities. You become aware of how much good fortune plays a role in life. When you are among those who won the lottery … it's important to use those capabilities to the best of your abilities.
"If your desire (which mine is) is to see meaningful and sustained improvements in the socioeconomic status of Africa," he added, "you get there by mobilizing significant amounts of private-sector capital. If you can do that, you will get a virtuous cycle of more capital going to more interesting causes and creating more jobs."
But managing equity in Africa has challenges, Lawani said. "You need to work harder to ascertain the value of a company." There are fewer shortcuts, less data. "You need to be a better investor."
There are also historical misperceptions, he said, not the least of which is the notion that Africans cannot do for themselves. One of his personal challenges is to debunk that myth.
And the proof, he said, will be in the returns. "The beauty of the investment business is that the truth always comes out."


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Once a fully executed timeshare deed has been received in our office, the Notary on staff will verify that the timeshare deed is notarized properly, verify for dates and all signatures. We then prepare checks for the registry. Which are the Recording Fee and when necessary a Transfer Tax Fee which is based on the sales price of the timeshare. Our staff has the computer program which allows us the ability to calculate the recording fees and transfer taxes when it is applicable for the timeshare deed.
Our Paralegal will prepare a letter to the registry requesting the recording of the timeshare deed and enclose a self addressed envelope to take receipt of the original timeshare deed. Once the timeshare deed is put into the US mail, the closing staff will generally wait 7-10 days before we start following the deed online. Then the staff will follow up on the timeshare deed process every few days to confirm the recording. This process can take up to two weeks or more until we get the confirmation of the recording. At this point the closing company is at the mercy of the registry. We have no control of how long the registry will take to record. Many registries across the country are understaffed, so the process can be a slow one.
Some states have now been set up for e-recording. This process saves both time and money for the economically stressed registries. This process allows the Notary in the closing company to take the responsibility to review the timeshare deed to ensure it has been executed properly, and then the trained assigned staff along with the Notary, will scan the executed timeshare deed, and email it to participating registry. Within minutes or a day, the registry confirms the recording, and the recorded timeshare deed is available on line for us to print and attach the recording information to the original signed timeshare deed. With this new process, the wait time has been reduced so much that we can save weeks to process the final transfer of ownership.
The e-recorded timeshare original document never goes to the registry. We at the closing company are responsible to attach the information to the signed deed and ensure the new owner has all the recorded information.
Once the copy of the deed is pulled off line and printed, or original deed received from the registry, we then mail a copy of the recorded timeshare deed to the resort. At this point the closing company is at once again at the mercy of the resort, we do follow-up calls until the resort then confirms the transfer.
In residential real estate, once the deed is recorded, the property is yours, in the timeshare world, the property is yours however, the resort now reviews the timeshare deed, they must accept it, then they will finalize the transfer and consider the sale complete!
Once we have the transfer confirmation, we then send out the original recorded timeshare deed to the new owners along with a letter letting them know the transfer is complete, and the timeshare deed should be stored in a safe place along with their other important legal documents.
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text:
<!DOCTYPE html>

    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>JSDoc: Source: controllers/successController.js</title>

    <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="styles/prettify-tomorrow.css">
    <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="styles/jsdoc-default.css">

Source: controllers/successController.js

'use strict';

/**
 * @ngdoc controller
 * @name SuccessController
 * @requires $scope
 * @requires $location
 * @requires $localStorage
 * @description
 * Manage post user navigation
 */

angular.module('TimesheetApp')
  .controller('SuccessController', [
    '$scope',
    '$location',
    '$localStorage',
    function($scope, $location, $localStorage) {
      // Loads user from the storage
      // @todo If there's no user, do something like flash a message and go back to home
      $scope.user = $localStorage.user;

      /**
       * Navigate to the desired page
       * @param {string} url
       */
      $scope.goTo = function(url) {
        $location.path(url);
      };

      /**
       * Clean the localStorage sevice and navigate to the home page
       */
      $scope.restart = function() {
        $localStorage.$reset();
        $location.path('/');
      };
    }]);

Index

controller

SuccessController

TimesheetController

overview

TimesheetApp

    Documentation generated by JSDoc 3.3.0-beta3
    using Angular-JSDoc template

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Johnny Tillotson's Notable Cover of a Country and Pop Hit
Hank Locklin | Photo credit: allmusic.com
In 1958, country singer-songwriter Hank Locklin penned and recorded the song "Send Me the Pillow You Dream On." With it, he scored his fifth consecutive Top Ten country hit. The song shortly became a minor crossover hit on the pop chart. Two years later, The Browns (featuring Jim Edward Brown) revived the song but his version went only as a mid-chart pop. It also reached the country chart with unspecified ranking.
What has been considered as the most successful version of the song came out in 1962. It was Johnny Tillotson who recorded it. The "Talk Back Trembling Lips" singer was able to bring the tune to the pop chart's Top 20. His cover of the song made it the biggest pop hit. In addition to that, Tillotson's record reached the Top 20 of the country chart. Listen to his version of the song below.
About the Song and Other Covers
The song's narrator is a deserted lover who is speaking, or more likely, writing, to his ex-girlfriend. Unfortunately, the man never heard from her and so he decided to give up. Locklin's approach in writing the song was considered as a novel type and a unique one as no other artist has ever done a tune that way. Its theme resonates with Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet romance. Seeing Juliet lean her cheek upon her hand, he wished to be a glove on that hand. Hence, the line:
Send me the pillow that you dream on
So, darlin', I can dream on it, too.
After Tillotson, Dean Martin recorded the song in early 1965. His version has been considered as the most unusual, taking it on a rock and rock waltz style. Martin's cover has once again brought the song to the pop chart's Top 20. With that said, the single made its fourth appearance on the chart in seven years.
Although the song was a highly successful pop hit, it has remained a country standard recorded primarily by country artists over the years. Among the country stars who covered the song were Jerry Lee Lewis, Hank Williams, Jr., Dolly Parton, Loretta Lynn, Willie Nelson, Hank Snow, Dwight Yoakam, and many others.
Folks, did you enjoy this piece? We would be glad to hear your thoughts or experiences related to the song. Likewise, please do not forget to hit the like button and share the fun with other fans of country music. Here on Country Thang Daily, we strive to bring you a daily dose of cutting-edge entertainment through country music and information.
To stay tuned, follow us on Facebook and Twitter. We're also on Instagram and Pinterest.
dean martin, Dolly Parton, Dwight Yoakam, Hank Locklin, Hank Snow, hank williams, jerry lee lewis, Johnny Tillotson, Jr., Loretta Lynn, Send Me the Pillow You Dream, Willie Nelson
7 Songs that Make Us Remember 'The Singing Ranger,' Hank Snow
Inside Dolly Parton and Porter Wagoner's Legendary Feud
Martina McBride and Dolly Parton Recorded Cash's "I Still Miss Someone"
The Petersens Family Band Made an Adorable Cover of 'Jolene'
Dallas Moore and his Amazing Old School Country Sound
"In the Ghetto" : Elvis & Marie Brings Us Back to that Vicious Circle


Jeff is an energetic whirlwind of comedy. He is a favorite in both Atlantic City and Vegas. He has also most recently partnered with Royal Carribeacn Cruise Lines. Over the years, Jeff has appeared on numerous tv and film roles including HBO's Boardwalk Empire and OZ, Good Morning America, My Super-Ex Girlfriend and Not Fade Away.
Jeff is one of the most quick-witted acts working today–hardly pausing for a breath as he tears through his act, keeping the audience alert and in stitches from begining to end. Jeff has been called a complete pro–one of the few reminaing comics that understands the importance of showmanship and presentation.
Below are links to causes that are close to my heart. I encourage you to visit to find out more about these tremendous causes.
Jeff works tirelessly in support of many charities and fundraising events. Jeff has helped raise more than $180,000 for the victims of Hurrican Sandy and more than $150,000 for the K9s for Warriors whose mission is to aid those warriors suffering from PTSD. In addition to the multiple groups he supports, Jeff was recently recognized by the NJ State Police for his work in support of the Troopers Assisting Troops for Wounded Warriors (the T.A.T. Program).


WDNR Bat Ecologist, David Redell, at Kemp's bat station.
UW-Stevens Point mammalogy students analyze data captured by the monitoring station each year during their week-long field experience at Kemp Station.
The bat station has served as an educational stop for local middle school students during the annual EcoTrek event at Kemp Station.
In 2007 WDNR Bat Ecologist, David Redell, and his colleague, Paul White, installed a bat monitoring station at Kemp Station. It is located near the lake, at the edge of an area known as "the blowdown," a large forest clearing created by the 2000 windstorm. Housed in the monitoring station is an acoustic recording system capable of detecting the echolocation calls bats make as hunt for food. The bat monitoring station detects and records these acoustic signals as the bats fly by and records the date and time of each bat pass. Data is submitted to the WDNR each month. Read more….


Worries aside, fellow Neo Geoians. We still have some related games to cover in our monthly GOTMs. This month we're dusting our PS2 or Atomiswave board to take a look at one of SNK Playmore finest games after the downfall of the original SNK team. We wind back to 2005, to an era where the PS2 was flourishing and the Neo Geo already was officially buried - but definitely not SNK's legendary franchises like KOF.


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Date: December 6, 2018 Posted By:Philip BerardoCategory:Games and Music
Everyone is Here:
How Super Smash Bros. Ultimate is Bringing Fans Together Again
It's hard to believe that there was once a time when the Smash series didn't have a dedicated fanbase; it didn't have a competitive scene, there were no memes, no tier lists, and no petitions to include Waluigi in the next game. From the beginning, Super Smash Bros. gave us 12 playable characters, asked us to choose our favorite, and then beat the snot out of the others. And we absolutely loved it.
Duke it Out as Your Favorite Nintendo Characters!
When the original Super Smash Bros. launched back in 1999, it led to dozens of potential matchup opportunities. Matches could range from Pikachu vs. Kirby, Mario vs. Link, and Samus vs. that kid from that one obscure RPG on Super Nintendo (I'm sure I'm not the only one who didn't have a clue what EarthBound was at the time). The beauty of Smash came from every Nintendo fan's desire to see who would win in an all-out battle between different franchise mascots. So any time someone on your local playground said that Donkey Kong could totally beat Kirby in a fight, you had the power to prove them wrong!
Duke it Out with Other Players that Disagree With Your Opinion!
Over the next decade, we would see two new Smash games hit the market: Super Smash Bros. Melee for the GameCube and Super Smash Bros. Brawl for the Wii. This is where the newly established fanbase started to become divided; on one hand, competitive players strongly preferred the more advanced techniques and fast speed of Melee, but felt frustrated with the inclusion of random tripping and floaty physics in Brawl. On the other hand, some Brawl players enjoyed the more casual nature of the latest entry and were just happy to see so many new characters and stages in the game. The sad truth was, no matter which side you chose, you were still wrong.
It wouldn't be fair to say that every Smash fan chose a side and stuck with it. There were plenty of fans that enjoyed both Melee and Brawl all the same; but there existed a vocal majority that couldn't find peace between the two opposing arguments. It was at this time that Smash Bros. was starting to become less about dreaming up iconic new characters (and Wii Fit Trainer) to join the fight and more endless disagreement over which game was superior. If you loved Melee, you were called an elitist. If you loved Brawl, you were labeled a casual.
Unfortunately, this same "logic" carried over in the next entry, Super Smash Bros. for Wii U and 3DS (aka Smash 4). Despite having a far more active competitive scene than Brawl and adding tons of new content, there were long-time fans that still shunned it as an inferior entry. Some expressed disapproval in the lack of single-player content, while others felt there was a lack of true combos for fighters to use. There were even certain characters that had to be banned from tournaments for being broken (if you thought Meta Knight was bad in Brawl, enter pre-nerf Diddy Kong…). No matter how fantastic of a game Smash 4 was and still is, it seemed like many fans were still disappointed in the end.
So where exactly can the series go from here? How can it possibly win back multiple generations of fans? Well, Masahiro Sakurai has an idea.
Bring the Whole Community Together One Last Time
Ok, so it's tough to say if Super Smash. Bros Ultimate will really be the final entry in the series, but it sure looks that way. Within only its second trailer, the next Smash Bros. game boldly declared, "everyone is here." Everyone. Yes, even Pichu. Upon viewing this trailer for the first time, I was a bit skeptical. Does this mean we'll see less new characters? Does Goku no longer stand a chance? (well, not that he ever did.) The more I thought about what this could mean, the more new trailers kept coming out. Whether I was seeing King K. Rool, Ridley, or Simon Belmont, it seemed like everyone really was here.
The classic characters that fans have been asking for since Melee had finally made it to Smash. Once the initial hype settled in–and the saltiness from Piranha Plant's reveal went away–I realized just what Ultimate is all about. I believe this is the Smash game that will bring two decades worth of fans together, once again, for the most ambitious crossover fighting game yet. This is the game that will unite old-school players with newcomers, just as the roster of characters is doing.
In a recent pre-release interview with Sakurai himself, he stated that, in reference to Ultimate, "Smash Bros. itself is like a big crossover festival, but I'm speechless to see this game being accepted by the fans so much" (Nintendo-Insider, November 2018). Despite previously anticipating disappointment from fans, Sakurai is confident that Ultimate will have something for everyone. He is truly trying his best to bring players from all generations of Smash together, with all of the classic fighters we love (and maybe a few we don't). Thankfully, it seems that his efforts aren't going unnoticed (I mean, have you seen this guy's work schedule!?)
It doesn't matter if Ultimate won't end up being as successful in the competitive scene as Smash 4. It doesn't matter if it can't dethrone Melee's massive popularity. Super Smash Bros. Ultimate is a game we've been waiting for since 1999, whether we realized it at the time or not. Let's all try to enjoy it together.


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Christopher Comstock (born May 19, 1992), known professionally as Marshmello, is an American electronic music producer and DJ. He first gained international recognition by releasing remixes of songs by American DJ duo Jack Ü and Russian-German DJ Zedd. He is best known for the songs "Silence", "Wolves", "Friends", and "Happier", all of which have been certified multi-platinum in several countries and appeared in the Top 30 of the Billboard Hot 100.
His debut studio album, Joytime, was released in January 2016, which included the lead single and Marshmello's debut single "Keep It Mello". Marshmello's second song in 2016, a platinum-certified single titled "Alone", was released in May via the Canadian record label Monstercat. Having peaked on the US Billboard Hot 100 at number 60, it became his first single to be certified platinum in the US and Canada with over a million copies of certified units. That year, he released three subsequent singles. In 2017, after releasing singles such as "Chasing Colors", "Twinbow" and "Moving On", Marshmello collaborated with American R&B singer Khalid to release "Silence" as a single, which was certified platinum and multi-platinum in eight countries. Succeeding another single, one of his best-selling singles, a collaboration with American singer Selena Gomez, titled "Wolves" was released.
His second single of 2018, titled "Friends", a collaboration with British singer Anne-Marie, was released. Months later, his second studio album, Joytime II, was released with singles "Tell Me" and "Check This Out". Marshmello's highest-charting song on the Billboard Hot 100 and in the United Kingdom, titled "Happier", a collaboration with British band Bastille, was released in August. He was named by Forbes in eighth place on their annual ranking of the world's highest-paid DJs in 2017 as he earned $21 million in the twelve months prior June 2017.
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NBA YoungBoy Wallpaper
6 thoughts on "Marshmello"
colton says:
idk what will happen i might delete it
Dear Colton,
It changes your chrome new tab's look with Marshmello wallpapers.
Anaraje says:
Feet happy Halloween
Happy Hallowen…
iiiiiemme3iem
Leave a Reply to colton Cancel reply


text:
Q: SSIS Multiple Conditional Splits I am new to creating SSIS packages.  I have a table on my database that has all the information I need.  I am trying to create an SSIS package that will split the data by Department and then by Month based on a date range.
I am to create the package to split the data into separate excel spreadsheets by department....however, I don't know how to further the package to also conditional split by month based on a date range as well as the department.  Any help is greatly appreciated.
SELECT
    Department
,   [Transaction Type]
,   Quantity
,   [Date/Time]
,   CASE
         when (cast([Date/Time] as Date)  >= '2014-06-01' and cast([Date/Time] as Date) < '2014-07-01') then 'June'
         when (cast([Date/Time] as Date)  >= '2014-07-01' and cast([Date/Time] as Date) < '2014-08-01') then 'July'
         when (cast([Date/Time] as Date)  >= '2014-08-01' and cast([Date/Time] as Date) < '2014-09-01') then 'Aug'
         when (cast([Date/Time] as Date)  >= '2014-09-01' and cast([Date/Time] as Date) < '2014-10-01') then 'Sept'
         when (cast([Date/Time] as Date)  >= '2014-10-01' and cast([Date/Time] as Date) < '2014-11-01') then 'Oct'
         when (cast([Date/Time] as Date)  >= '2014-11-01' and cast([Date/Time] as Date) < '2014-12-01') then 'Nov'
         when (cast([Date/Time] as Date)  >= '2014-12-01' and cast([Date/Time] as Date) < '2015-01-01') then 'Dec'
         else ''
    END as Months
FROM [dbo].[DETAIL_DATA]

Basically, I would like to create an SSIS package that would put the data into an excel spreadsheet by department and by month.  Is it possible?

A: You can try to use for loop or a foreach loop task, this will allow you walkthrough every department and every month to export them. You can start with one department and one month then try to generalise inside a loop for departments , keeping the month fixed; and finaly generalise the months in another loop.
The point is that as I see the request you need a loop instead of a conditional split.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Every household will have to face pipe issues sooner or later. If your drains are clogging and the toilets are backing up more often than not, it's time to call for a trenchless pipe lining professionals near your Kirkwood, Missouri property.
Nu Flow St. Louis offers a no-dig solution that trumps out traditional sewer repairs in all aspects. You won't have to dread the excavation process and the noise coming from heavy machinery because in trenchless there's no need to do so!
We rehabilitate your pipe systems above ground with less mess and less labor. It's an innovative and green technology that all Kirkwood residents and business owners should try!
Everything starts when our technicians arrive and outfit a flexible fiber optic line with the latest HD camera. Instead of having to dig and guess where the problem is, we simply insert the camera into the sewer system to get a visual confirmation.
Age-related pipe issues are just one of the many reasons why you'll need trenchless pipe lining. A leak may develop, or corrosion may have eaten away at your pipes. Tree roots may have invaded and caused a choke point that leads to back-ups.
But thanks to newer technology, we won't have to rely on guesswork- we use a CCTV camera to get to any point in your sewer line and give it a look. A bonus to sewer camera inspection is we can determine where clean outs, tees, and elbows exist, as well as get the exact pipe measurements, distance, and the pipe material. All of these elements are put into consideration in determining the best trenchless solution.
Did you know that trenchless pipe lining is quicker and more efficient than traditional plumbing repairs? Part of the process lies in cleaning out your pipes and inserting a liner to restore pipe integrity. You get a stronger and more durable replacement pipe than the original material.
Once the inspection is completed, it's time to prepare the ailing pipe for the lining. A hydro-jetting machine clears out the debris and restores the pipe to its original diameter. The pulverized material goes down to your municipal sewer processing system along with any bacteria.
Our expert technicians assemble the lining and prepare an artificial bladder that will inflate the liner when it's in place. The whole setup is rolled up and pulled through with a cable or blown into place using pressurized steam or air.
The liner is inverted as soon as it's in place. Curing time takes about 3 hours; when the components and the artificial bladder is removed, what's left is a stronger, more durable pipe within the old pipes. It won't cause you problems down the line and will last for 50 years or more. All in all, you save more and you'll be back to your daily routine before you know it!
Nu Flow St. Louis offers the latest trenchless sewer repair in Kirkwood and the surrounding areas. Our professional technicians will make sure you get the best service. Call us today!


You can't change your world alone!
The world bends towards justice… if we make justice a priority.
Peace is possible… when communities take peaceful action.
Social change is achievable… if we work together.
Small groups in every society are building a world organized around principles of justice, equity, human dignity, right relationship with our planet, and peace. The work looks different in each context and we don't always use the same language to describe it.
Take time for rest, reflection, and renewal.
Link better understanding of problems with practical skills for changing them.
We also support self-care and respite in the beautiful Shenandoah Valley through group meals, hiking, sporting activities, theater and musical performances, and various other extracurricular activities.


Often, trainees are so inflexible in the ankles that they can't can keep their heels on the ground while squatting or even deadlifting.
In this case, you may want them to stretch thoroughly their gastrocnemius and soleus muscles.
Don't let poor ankle flexibility limit your performance on squats and deadlifts.
First, take a marker of their flexibility by squatting down with an empty bar on your back. Once they reach the bottom position, pay attention to your body mechanics by assessing the angle of the shin in relation to the floor.
Then proceed to stretch their calves maximally. The standard calf stretches just won't cut it. You will need the extra resistance provided by weight machines.
Typically the standing one and the seated one.
First get under the pads of the standing calf raise machine. Then lock your knees and lower your heels as low as possible while keeping your knees locked. This will insure that both the soleus and the gastrocnemius are fully stretched. If you unlock the knees, the gastrocnemius will not have a full stretch. Hold the stretch for a full 15 seconds count. Bend you knee to lower the shoulder pads and take a five second break during which you increase the weight by 2-3 plates. Repeat the stretch-rest-add weight process for another 3-5 reps.
Then proceed to the seated calf raise machine to give your soleus muscles a greater stretch. Use the same training methodology for the stretching: holding the stretch for 15 seconds, resting 5 seconds, adding weight etc. for a total of 5-6 reps.
By this time, your calves should have achieved their maximum length for the day.
Then go back to the squatting rack and test the marker again. If their knees are moving farther then before your stretching routine, then their calves were certainly limiting your range of motion.
In any case, looser calves will allow someone to squat with a more upright trunk posture, thus reducing the stress levels on both their knees and lower back.


device that contains the file system).
Use the specified mount options, as described in mount(8).
from the directory on which the file system is being mounted.
the default. Otherwise -l is assumed.
ing or renaming a file. This forces -s.
minimal and limited to the boot block. This option enforces -9.
-x      If a directory is readable, it inherits the x attribute as well.
favor of the more aptly named mount_msdos.
DOS file systems use -l.
Note that Windows 95/98 handles only access dates, but not access times.