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Issue No. 14 (2010) Archives – Valahian Journal of Historical Studies
Issue No. 14 (2010)
War, diplomacy and propaganda: an introduction
Silviu Miloiu
Issue: Issue No. 14 (2010)
Page Range: 5-8
No. of Pages: 4
Keywords: 20th century, diplomacy, Modern Age, propaganda, war
Summary/Abstract: This aim behind this issue of VJHS was to improve our knowledge of the multidimensional relations which have existed between war, diplomacy and propaganda during the 19th to the 21st centuries, i.e. the patterns of change, the depth and breadth of means and aims. The fact that a new look into this topic was necessary is proven by the multifarious approaches of the contributors in terms of methodology, sources and topics. We hope that these goals have been at least partly achieved and that by the articles integrated in our pages will meet some of the expectations of the interested readership.
Open access on CEEOL: YES
The issues of war and peace in Joseph de Maistre's thought. From the Revolutionary and the Napoleonic Wars to the Restoration
Mikael Antero Keränen
Page Range: 9-32
Keywords: Congress of Vienna, Counter-revolution, French Revolution, Holy Alliance, Napoleonic Wars, propaganda, Restoration, Revolutionary Wars
Summary/Abstract: I have studied Joseph de Maistre's texts in order to research his views on the issues of war and peace in the era of the Revolution and the Restoration. Maistre (1753-1821) was a conservative, Catholic philosopher, diplomat, and a political refugee. Maistre's general views on war were complex. He granted war a purifying and chastising function in human society. Maistre was against both the Revolution and the Napoleonic regime, between which he saw no difference. Nevertheless, he was equally consistent in his conviction that the French nation should not be confused with Napoleon, and thus he opposed all the plans of "Carthaginian peace" for France while he supported such peace when it came to the Napoleonic regime. Maistre's most direct personal contribution to the war consisted of providing intelligence and writing propaganda texts for the cause of the counter-revolution; these activities took place when Maistre was in Switzerland in 1790's. Probably the most conspicuous feature in Maistre's propagandist work is its straightforward populism. Furthermore, he saw that the fortunes of war belonged entirely to the realm of Divine Providence and thus they were way beyond human wisdom and science. When the Napoleonic wars were over Maistre was not entirely happy for he was afraid that the victorious great powers would disdain the small powers' legitimate rights. He found himself disappointed in both of the two most emblematic phenomena of the Restoration era, namely the Congress of Vienna and the Holy Alliance.
Open access on CEEOL: NO
War Propaganda, Cultural Stereotypes and Protestant Altruism: British Press and the Russian-Swedish War of 1808-9
Mika Suonpää
Page Range: 33-52
Keywords: anti-Jacobinism, British war-journalism, cultural preconceptions, Napoleonic Wars, philanthropy, Russian-Swedish War
Summary/Abstract: This article is a contribution to the recent literature which has examined the Napoleonic Wars (1803-15). The vast majority of this literature has explored the wars from conventional perspectives of political history. This article's purpose is to widen the scope; it incorporates approaches of cultural, political and media history. The main aim is to investigate British perceptions of the Russians, Swedes and Finns as expressed in war journalism during the Russian-Swedish War of 1808-9. In order to arrive at a balanced view of their central features and importance, attitudes of the press are compared and contrasted with those of travellers, anthropologists and "official Britain". Although British newspapers primarily covered the main developments and events of the war, news reporting also contained interesting cultural references through which it has been possible to draw attention to the underlying British opinions about the above countries. Attitudes expressed about the Finns and Swedes in newspaper reports were much more positive than those elicited in other types of writing, whereas those about Russia, reflected pan-European negative images of the country and were clearly propagandist. British war-reporting mirrored a multitude of popular contemporary discourses of which anti-Jacobin propaganda was perhaps most visibly present. It also revealed common stereotypical views often expressed in Britain about other countries and peoples. British news-writing, which considered the suffering of Finnish and Swedish civilians, also clearly displayed the essential components of Protestant altruism.
The Scottish Women's Hospitals in Romania during World War I
Costel Coroban
Keywords: Eastern Front 1916-1917, Elsie Inglis, Feminism, Medical History, Scotland, Suffragists
Summary/Abstract: The following article is an illustration of the interesting venture of the medical women from the Scottish Women's Hospitals organization in Dobruja, Wallachia and Bessarabia during World War I. More precisely, a unit of this organization under the leadership of Dr. Elsie Inglis has traveled to the Russian Empire and then to Romania in their purpose to provide medical assistance for the Ist Serbian Volunteer Division. In 1916 this division was fighting in Dobruja on the orders of the Russian War Minister. As we will see, because of the difficulties created by the retreat from Dobruja, these brave Scottish women would be reunited with their protégés, the Serbian volunteers from the Russian army, only in a year's time. The circumstances of this reunion (the Bolshevik Revolution and its consequences for the Great War) would hasten the departure of Dr. Elsie Inglis's medical unit. As her last act of compassion for the Serbs, it seems likely that Dr. Inglis used her influence on the Royal Navy to also allow the transfer of the Ist Serbian Volunteer Division to the Macedonian front. In my research I have used press and journals from the beginning of the 20th century as well as recent academic books and articles.
Victor Cădere – Head of the Military Mission in Siberia (1919-1921)
Ioana Cazacu
Keywords: Civil War, humanitarian missions, International Red Cross, POWs, Romanian volunteers, Russia
Summary/Abstract: At the end of the First World War, there was a large number of issues that required immediate solutions, one of the most urgent being the issue of the former war prisoners' repatriation. The Romanian State, just like the other states, had to solve its problems in due time. The true problems, though, were generated by the absence of Russia from the Paris Peace Conference. As the Russian territory was facing rather confusing circumstances due to the Civil War, finding solutions to repatriate Romanian prisoners and volunteers became mandatory. The Romanian State commissioned Victor Cădere whose Mission was to repatriate all Romanian subjects from Siberia. A young officer, Raoul Alevra, was also commissioned to assist Victor Cadere in his assignments. The repatriation of Romanian volunteers who fought on the Allied forces' side on Russian land was planned at the Peace Conference; the plan provided that the volunteers were to board British ships. Not so fortunate was the prisoners' fate which was exclusively in the hands of the Romanian State. Hence, the Romanian Military Mission set up a concentration unit, near Vladivostok, where all prisoners, citizens of United Romania, were admitted to be repatriated later. Within the base, the prisoners had a well scheduled programme, e.g. military drill, Romanian language classes, literacy, whereas officers attended conference on various themes such as agronomy, commerce, economics, and politics. The Mission operated until May 1921 and by that time some 5,000 people were repatriated.
Creating a State and National Identity. Finland and Europe: 1918-1922
Vesa Vares
Keywords: Finnish foreign policy, Finnish identity, Finnish independence, Finnish relations to Britain, Finnish relations to Eastern Europe, Finnish relations to Russia, national identity, small states security policy
Summary/Abstract: The article deals with the security and identity policy of a newly-independent state, Finland, after the First World War. The scholars differ largely in their opinions of the importance of the activities of the smaller countries, but the impact of the smaller nations in re-mapping the post-WWI Europe can hardly be denied. Also Finnish foreign policy and the Finnish position within the world policy belong to this context: to the meeting-place of the old and the new: how would Finland maintain its independence after the collapse of the Russian and German Empires and create a credible image in the eyes of the world? The article argues that it was not only the two traditional great powers, Soviet Russia and Germany, or the neutralist Scandinavia, which were considered in Finnish foreign policy and identity-building processes. There were also other alternatives, none of which, however, were functional in the longer run. Finland would have gladly allied itself with Great Britain, but could not do this because Britain was not interested. It could not cooperate with White Russia because the latter did not recognize its independence and the hatred against all things Russian had become colour-blind. Eastern Europe could not serve the same purposes either, although there were many similarities in the new position and even the structure of the society was equally agrarian. However, Eastern Europe influenced the Finnish identity by forming the contrast in the Finnish minds. It served the purpose of creating the Finnish "Self", in which democratic mentality, chances to social advancement and reform especially through education, law-abiding nature, honesty of the civil servants, national cohesion, and hard, silent but efficient and punctual work were considered to be key elements. It was mainly the Scandinavian, Lutheran background which made them see Eastern Europe as the "Other". Therefore, there were only the League of Nations, the strong sense of belonging to the "West", the gradual "Scandinavization" and the national military virtues left – and these were also the only things one had in 1939.
Allies of the New Europe. Perceptions of Finnish Fascism on Slovakia, Croatia and Estonia, 1941-1944
Pauli Heikkilä
Page Range: 105-122
Keywords: Croatia, Estonia, Fascism, Finland, international relations, Nazi Germany, New Europe, Slovakia, World War II
Summary/Abstract: This article deals with international relations of Finnish Fascism in 1941-1944. It reveals contradictions in their concept of Europe as it focuses on images of other German allies/co-belligerents, namely Croatia, Slovakia and Estonia. As the reports and articles concerning these countries had little to do with reality, they tell more about the Finnish Fascists, their expectations for a European nation and foremost about the European system of international relations. The news from these countries can be divided into three categories. Firstly, the increased productivity under the new governments was emphasized. Secondly, the news stressed the common battle against the Soviet Union paying attention to the armaments or actual soldiers. Thirdly, and related to the previous one, appraisals in public speeches towards Finland were reprinted: Europeans had to respect each other and this respect was gained on the battlefield. Although none of the states could provide a desired old state independence, earlier representations of national spirit were brought forward. Estonia was used as a warning example of perils of Bolshevism due to the Soviet rule there in 1940-1941. The fact that nearly all the news derived from Germany, emphasizes the centralized nature of their Europe. The direct criticism was unsurprisingly avoided in these presentations. This was easy in the cases of distant Slovakia and Croatia but the actual situation in Estonia was more known in Finland and could not be totally ignored. Consequently the news ceased long before the war ended.
The Second World War in the pages of The Overall Bulgaria (1941-1944)
Vera Goseva
Keywords: Allied Forces, Axis powers, Macedonia, press, propaganda, Third Reich, wartime
Summary/Abstract: "The Overall Bulgaria" (Цeлокупна Бaлгариja – Celokupna Bălgarija) newspaper was an informational, socio-political newspaper which the Directorate for National Propaganda of Bulgaria issued in Skopje during the period of 24 May 1941 until 31 August 1944. Designed as a daily newspaper The Overall Bulgaria informed the public in Macedonia of the position on the battle fields and of the successes that Germany and the other countries members of the Axis powers achieved during the Second World War. The newspaper, conforming to the Programme plan of the Directorate for National Propaganda did not differ from the press of the other Axis countries in the way it interpreted the world events. The information of the victories of the German and Axis armies on the fronts worldwide was allocated a central place in the newspaper. The information of the defeats of the same armies were cleverly hidden and concealed, deliberately redirecting the readers' attention to the great losses the enemies suffered in the Second World War. The news of the great losses which the armies of the Third Reich suffered or instances when their army had broken the international military rights were not obviously published. The fact that selected information was published in the newspaper and the great subjectivity when informing the public make of The Overall Bulgaria an example of the propaganda press issued during wartime.
Ankara – Stockholm – Bern: three types of press commentaries and interpretations about British – Soviet Treaty (May 1942)
Emanuel Plopeanu
Keywords: British – Soviet treaty, media war, secret clauses, spheres of influence
Summary/Abstract: In December 1941, when Anthony Eden visited Moscow, Stalin put him in front of a series of post-war territorial arrangements. Beside the return to the Soviet border of 1941, other "suggestions" also came up, the final result being a Soviet – British condominium over whole Europe. But Eden abstained to assume any commitment and, five months later, when the Soviet – British Treaty was signed, it didn't mentioned any such things and wasn't accompanied by secret protocols. Our paper focuses on the press commentaries, from Turkey, Sweden and Switzerland. The ones from Turkey were absolutely well-balanced, while those from Switzerland were Soviet Union-sided. Most interesting are those from Sweden. They launched the idea of secret protocols, a topic on which they published extensively, stressing the fact that it was genuine and showing no reserve as to their origin. The journals analyzed by us had a strong pro-German bias, which induces us that this mediatic offensive was guided from Berlin. The importance of these commentaries is quite obvious: it was read by the public opinion and by the diplomats and it could have a certain effect on the consolidation of the idea that alliance with Germany was a wise decision after all.
Cold War propaganda getting started. Soviet rhetoric in the UN Security Council during the Iran Crisis of 1946
Keywords: early cold War, enemy image, propaganda, the Soviet Union, the United Nations
Summary/Abstract: The need for propaganda becomes more prominent at the time of wars and other crises. During the early Cold War, the United Nations Security Council was an important arena of Great Power politics where the general aims of diplomats was to strengthen the morale of one's own side, undermine the morale of counterparts, and perhaps above all, have neutral parties support one's political efforts – or at least prevent them from supporting enemy efforts. The focus here is on Soviet propaganda during the Iran Crisis of 1946, which was the first case the newly constituted Security Council was faced with. When considered on the whole, the Soviet delegates' speeches were built upon a quite clear-cut narrative plot which followed the composition of the good-versus-evil classic fairy tale. In the creation of this, the choice of methods was rather broad.
Lawfare: The Use of International Law, Diplomacy and Propaganda by the Soviet Union during the Korean War
Christi Scott Bartman
Keywords: aggressive war, crimes against peace, international law, Korean War, lawfare, propaganda, Soviet Union
Summary/Abstract: The Soviet Union proves the perfect case study to demonstrate the use of propaganda as a supplement to political and military objectives. Though not noted for upholding treaties and adhering to rules, the Soviet government was expert at using law to manipulate the international legal system in its favor. This form of lawfare was used to manipulate and exploit the international legal system to supplement military and political objectives to control other states legally, politically and equally as important, through the public media of propaganda. Nowhere was this more apparent than the Korean War. As we see by the rhetoric both at home and abroad, through international political bodies and public propaganda, the Soviet Union worked exhaustively to place the face of the aggressor on the United States. By utilizing both the definition proposed for the state by earlier treaties and that proposed for the individual at Nuremberg, the Soviet Union again and again placed the terms of aggression and aggressive war onto the world stage to undermine the actions of a major opponent, the United States. Phrases such as intervention into the internal affairs of another country, action in disregard of the obligations of the United States to the UN, invasion by armed naval and air forces, and planning, preparing and carrying out hostile acts, were repeated often by the Soviet Union to clearly place the United States in violation of the definition of aggression, even if it was not a strictly legal one.
Cominform propaganda arm: For a Lasting Peace. For a People's Democracy! (1947-1956)
Mihaela Teodor
Keywords: "war of words", Cominform journal, early cold War, instruments of Soviet propaganda, Soviet control, Western anti-communist crusade
Summary/Abstract: During the Cold War both sides used propaganda extensively to influence their own citizens, each other, and Third World nations. Cominform journal, "For a Lasting Peace. For a People's Democracy!", witch is the only overt evidence of the communist organization continuous activity, formed in early Cold War the principal external propaganda arm for Soviet Union and for the Eastern bloc. Therefore to understand the early years of Cold War it is useful to know about the appearance and the organization of Cominform journal, about its role and reactions caused by its propaganda activity. The purpose of this study is to gather additional information about this journal, from different sources, some of which are unpublished. Following the appearance of Cominform and of its journal, United States and Great Britain leaders acknowledged the importance of propaganda as a permanent peacetime instrument of foreign policy, both states being concern to organize special departments, whose priority was Anti-Communism. Therefore it can be said that the principal result of "For a Lasting Peace. For a People's Democracy!" activity was that it has contributed to elevating opposition to communism to a first principle of Western ideology and politics.
Deficient Propaganda as a Wartime Error. Austrian Perceptions of the Occupation of the Romanian Principalities (1854-1856)
Bogdan Popa
Keywords: Austrian occupation, Crimean War, deficient propaganda, revisited sources
Summary/Abstract: The aim of this contribution is to investigate the Austrian occupation of the Romanian Principalities during the Crimean War from the point of view of the connections between war, diplomacy and propaganda. The revisiting of several Austrian sources endorses the thesis of a deficient propaganda, unsupplied by the good will and behaviour shown by the occupants themselves. The historiographical controversy on the purpose of the 1854-1856 occupation (a temporary move, or the prelude for an annexation), though not solved, gets a new depth by the analysis of the perceptions of the officers deployed in the Principalities. The issue of propaganda, rather hinted than openly addressed, was not ignored by the military.
Guerre, diplomatie et propagande. La France et la Roumanie pendant la Crise Orientale (1875-1878)
Iulian Oncescu
Keywords: diplomacy, France, independence, Oriental crisis (1875-1878), Romania, war
Summary/Abstract: The French eastern politics were rather inactive after 1871. In Romania's case, it was full of reproaches and of suspicions, as Paris was not anylonger longer pursuing any future goals. Its own internal problems as well as the influences of Austro-Hungary, Russia and Germany from the outside, as far as Eastern Europe was concerned until 1878, encouraged France rather to abandon this area, and implicitly its previous interests concerning Romania. Now France threatened Romania on numerous occasions, the French conception being obviously more insistent concerning the diplomatic tutorship of the Romanians. During the Empire's last years, as well as during the first years of the Third Republic, the French diplomacy no longer accepted the Romanian perspective and will for independence. We consider that the reason for this static attitude of the French diplomacy was not its incapacity to understand, but rather a permanent diminishing of the reasons for action and for offensive in the Danube area and the obsession of France, after 1871, to concentrate on certain defensive objectives of its own, especially as the Third Republic no longer acted in the context of large coalitions like those that had triggered the success of the years of 1853-1856 in the Oriental problem. During the oriental crisis of 1875-1878, France's reserve concerning the problems of the South-East of Europe was clear, and, concerning Romania's independence, Paris always insisted on an exhortation to prudence and moderation. The acknowledgement of Romania's independence and the end of the European protectorate finally found the French-Romanian relations at their most critical point. However, in 1880, France, even though with a certain delay, acknowledged Romania's independence, establishing official relations with it, by opening the French legation in Bucharest.
Diplomacy, Propaganda and War in 1877-1878: The case of Romania
Liviu Brătescu
Keywords: crisis, diplomacy, rupture, The Guarantor Powers, the Oriental question
Summary/Abstract: The tensions existing in the Balkan Peninsula during the seventh and the eighth decades of the 19th century were generated by the deep crisis the Ottoman Empire was crossing through and the evident intention of Russia to act as a great protector of Christians living in this area. These circumstances forced the Romanian state to decide also vis-à-vis the perennial Eastern Question. The Romanian initiatives by which Bucharest was trying to induce at least the idea of separation of the Ottoman Empire met with the reluctance of the Guarantor Powers. In these circumstances, a strong propaganda in the media targeting politicians and intellectuals in Western Europe was pursued in the period 1866-1877. The ones who will be involved in this action and whether they succeeded is an important goal of our approach, as well as the existence of different national attitudes to the crisis that broke out in 1875 and special ways to resolve it in order to achieve and change the international legal status of Romania. The failure of a few attempts to change the international legal status by such peaceful means, war became the remaining option of the governmental circles. Expression of the decision of Prince Charles I and the other two liberals surrounding him in 1877, IC Bratianu and M. Kogalniceanu, the independence proclaimed by the Parliament in Bucharest stressed the decision to no longer accept the maintenance of relations with Sublime Porte in a traditional formula considered now obsolete. The recognition of the independence of Romania was an Odyssey in which a constant effort by a large part of the Romanian political class was undertaken to receive the blessing of the international community.
Germany, Romania and the July Crisis (1914)
Claudiu-Lucian Topor
Keywords: diplomacy, negotiations, politics, responsibilities, statesman, war
Summary/Abstract: Of all the European powers involved in the conduct of the Great War, Germany suffered the most as a result of the responsibilities it had. In Berlin, the crisis in July 1914 revealed the behaviour of a small group of decision-takers in government. The Germany of Kaiser Wilhelm had no overview of the development of the war, no military and civilian strategy. No state council validated rationally the critical situation for which, later, the nation was held responsible. The political elite, mainly of aristocratic origin, was indecisive. They were beset by doubts, confusion and petty quarrels. Discussions in late July and early August limited the short-term management of the political crisis. The way this crisis would affect the nation's future was not discussed. Berlin resembled a house without an owner. Balkan politics replaced its aspirations for world domination. Unlike Germany, Romania did not react to the crisis in July with the arguments of a great power. In Romania, the Crown Council, convened in Sinaia on July 21, 1914, decided everything. In modern Romania, few foreign policy debates have played a role as important. At the end of the debate, King Carol I, as a constitutional monarch, had to accept neutrality. He considered that Romania would regret this decision in the future. After July 21, Romania's policy towards Germany changed significantly. After the adoption of neutrality, Romania was de facto outside any contractual obligations. The real heart of the negotiations moved towards the attractions of co-belligerence. For the first time in their recent history, mistrust, lack of hope for the future and instability now characterized Romanian-German relations.
History and international propaganda. The case of Bessarabia and Alexandru Boldur
Paul Nistor
Keywords: Bessarabia, diplomacy, historians, history, propaganda
Summary/Abstract: The year 1928 brought not only the celebration of 10 years since the Great Union, but also recorded a greater frequency of revisionist actions related to the system adopted after the Treaty of Versailles. Since the Bolshevik instigation in Bessarabia and the intense Hungarian activity in Transylvania and throughout Europe amplified, the Romanian state used the external propaganda in order to convince the decisional political circles of the justness of its arguments in order to maintain the borders as it was decided after the First World War. One of the propaganda tools used by Bucharest was to make good use of history and historians in order to defend the national interests of Romania. Thus, the historian Alexandru Boldur began a partnership with the Press and Information Directorate that helped him to publish books and brochures that supported the Romanian point of view regarding Bessarabia, therefore combating the Soviet standpoint. In addition, Boldur proposed a very bold international investigation in which teachers, lawyers, economists and politicians from several countries were questioned about the Bessarabian issue. This project, outlined very well in its initial form, encountered money matters and, thus, its efficiency was very low. Nevertheless, this case indicates the dilettantism of the Romanian authorities regarding the external propaganda and proved the preeminence of internal political tensions concerning the major national interests of Romania.
Richard J. Evans, The Third Reich at War. How the Nazis led Germany from conquest to disaster
Subject(s): Review
Keywords: hatred, racial order, Richard J. Evans, The Third Reich, war
Summary/Abstract: The least that can be said about this volume is that it is thoroughly documented and comprehensive. In fact, in my opinion, this is the most valuable and time enduring synthesis of WWII German history and an outstanding literary achievement recalling in many of its pages the biting prose of Curzio Malaparte.
Christi Scott Bartman, Lawfare. Use of the Definition of Aggressive War by the Soviet and Russian Federation Governments
Keywords: aggressive war, Christi Scott Bartman, lawfare, Russian Federation, Soviet Union
Summary/Abstract: The book contains a number of 384 letters of which, as the author confesses, the titles from the beginning and the end of the epistles are missing, titles which would have given more value to the book. One can find in this book letters to the members of the Hohenzollern family members, especially to his father, Karl Anton (until 1885 when the latter died), to his sister Mary of Flanders (until her death in 1912), to his brothers Friedrich (passed away in 1904) and Leopold (dead in 1905), and also to the Queen Elisabeth.
Sorin Cristescu, Carol I Corespondenţă personală (1878-1912)
Adrian-Bogdan Ceobanu
Keywords: Charles of Hohenzollern, Letters, monarchy, Romania, Sorin Cristescu
Homage to Professor Ion Calafeteanu
Subject(s): Cultural Essay, Political Essay, Societal Essay
Keywords: Grigore Gafencu Research Center for the History of International Relations and Cultural Studies, history of international relations, Ion Calafeteanu, Romania's foreign policy, Valahia University of Targoviste
Summary/Abstract: Researcher, professor, diplomat, editor, "Jean Monnet" Chair, Ion Calafeteanu has proven throughout his career the erudition, rigor, equilibrium, nuanced approach and acuteness specific to the research fields in which he has performed: the history of international relations and Romania's foreign policy. His lectures of Universal and Romanian Contemporary History, Romania in the International Relations during the 20th Century and The Totalitarian Regimes have represented for those who have followed them real laboratories of training in those areas. The width of horizons opened to his students, the depth and up-to-dateness of interpretations, the scientific authority, the professionalism and the empathy he conveys to his audience are responsible for the amphitheatres being always full during his lectures. Distinguished, full of intellectual verve, enjoying the pleasure of dialogue, exchange of views and fine irony, the professor transmits complex human qualities which win many of his students, prompting them to ask him coordinate their undergraduate work, master's thesis or doctorate dissertations.
Publications received: Revista Romana de Studii Baltice si Nordice
Keywords: Baltic and Nordic Europe in International Relations, History of Baltic and Nordic Europe, Relations between Romania and the Baltic and Nordic Europe
Summary/Abstract: Having been set up on November 27, 2008, the Romanian Association for Baltic and Nordic Studies has established as one of its fundamental goals the promotion of research activities in the field of Baltic and Nordic studies. In this regard, the establishing of a scientific publication to further our knowledge of Baltic and Nordic societies and to spread information about the Romanian society to Baltic and Northern Europe was essential. The magazine was also regarded as a springboard for the mutual acknowledgment of the bonds and relations between Romanians and the Baltic and Nordic peoples throughout their history and in contemporary times. The journal is a multidisciplinary periodical hosting articles in fields such as history, history of international relations, international relations, literature and philology, economics and business, and various other sciences which are intertwined with the aims of Association.


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DSP Group, Inc. Reports Third Quarter 2006 Earnings
Quarterly Revenues Increased 15% YoY
SANTA CLARA, Calif., Oct. 23 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- DSP Group, Inc. (Nasdaq: DSPG), a worldwide leader in developing and providing chip-set solutions for residential wireless connectivity, announced today its results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2006.
Third Quarter Results:
Revenues for the third quarter of 2006 were $63,875,000, an increase of 15% from revenues of $55,614,000 for the third quarter of 2005. Net income for the third quarter was $8,052,000, a decline of 23% from net income of $10,510,000 for the third quarter of 2005. Diluted earnings per share (EPS) for the third quarter of 2006 were $0.27, a decline of 23% from $0.35 for the third quarter of 2005.
Pro Forma Results:
Pro forma net income and diluted EPS for the third quarter of 2006, excluding the impact of equity-based compensation expense as required upon adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123R, "Share Based Payment" ("SFAS 123(R)"), were $10,903,000 and $0.37, respectively, representing an increase of 4% and 6%, respectively, from the third quarter of 2005.
Share Buyback:
During the third quarter of 2006, DSP Group repurchased approximately 270,000 shares of its Common Stock at an average price of $24 per share, for an aggregate price of approximately $6.5 million.
After giving effect to the most recent repurchases, approximately 1.8 million shares of the Company's Common Stock remain authorized for repurchase under the current repurchase program approved by the Company's board of directors.
Eli Ayalon, Chairman and CEO of DSP Group, stated: "The third quarter of 2006 was another quarter of growth for DSP Group. Our revenues increased by 15% as compared to 2005, and the overall financial results of the Company for the third quarter of 2006 reflected solid execution in a challenging environment. As a result of reduced projections of revenues for the fourth quarter of 2006, the Company now expects revenues for the year to range from $213 million to $217 million, and annual growth of between 14% to 16% over 2005. We expect revenue will continue to grow during 2007."
The Company believes that the pro forma presentation of net income and diluted EPS presented in this press release is useful to investors in comparing results for the quarter ended September 30, 2006 to the same period during 2005, because results for the third quarter of 2005 did not include equity-based compensation expenses relating to SFAS 123(R). Further, the Company believes it is useful to investors to understand how the expenses associated with the application of SFAS 123(R) are reflected on its statements of income.
DSP Group, Inc. is a fabless semiconductor company, offering advanced chip-set solutions for a variety of applications. DSP Group is a worldwide leader in the short-range wireless communication market, enabling home networking convergence for voice, video & data. By combining its in-house technologies of Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), portfolio of wireless communication protocols, including DECT, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, most advanced Radio Frequency CMOS and SiGe, as well as VoIP ICs, DSP Group is a worldwide leader and a one-stop-shop for a wide range of applications. These applications include ISM band digital 900MHz, 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz telephony, European DECT (1.9GHz) telephony, Bluetooth systems for voice, data and video communication and deployment in residential, SOHO, SME, enterprise and automotive applications. DSP Group ICs provide solutions for MP3 players, VoIP Phones, Gateways, and Integrated Access Devices and are widely used in Digital Voice Recorders. More information about DSP Group is available at www.dspg.com.
Earnings conference call
DSP Group has scheduled a conference call for 5:00 p.m. EDT today to discuss the financial results for the third quarter of 2006 and invites you to listen to a live broadcast over the Internet. The broadcast can be accessed by all interested parties through the Investor Relations section (investor message board) of DSP Group's Web site at www.dspg.com or link to: http://ir.dspg.com./phoenix.zhtml?c=101665&p=irol-calendar .
If you cannot join the call, please listen to the replay, which will be available for approximately two weeks after the call on DSP Group's Web site or by calling the following numbers:
--US Dial-In # 1-888-286-8010 (passcode: 16662441)
--International Dial-In # 1-617-801-6888 (passcode: 16662441)
For more information, please contact Ofer Elyakim, Director of Investor Relations & Business Development, DSP Group Inc. at (408) 986-4421; or e-mail: ofere@dsp.co.il
This press release may contain statements that qualify as "forward-looking statements" under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements made by Mr. Ayalon about DSP Group's anticipated ranges of revenues for the full year 2006 and ranges of annual growth for 2006 in comparison to 2005, as well as anticipated continued growth in 2007. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and DSP Group assumes no obligation to update this information. In addition, the events described in these forward-looking statements may not actually arise. DSP Group's actual results could differ materially from those described in this press release as a result of various factors, including slower than expected change in the nature of the home communications domain, unexpected delays in the introduction of new products, especially DECT products; changes in demand of existing OEM customers, failure to achieve broad market acceptance of existing and new products by existing and potential OEM customers; DSP Group's inability to add new customers and develop and produce new products at competitive costs and in a timely manner; decline or fluctuations in gross margins and the effect on revenues and profitability; and general market demand for products that incorporate DSP Group's technology in the market. These factors and other factors which may affect future operating results or DSP Group's stock price are discussed under "RISK FACTORS" in the Form 10-K for fiscal 2005 as well as other reports DSP Group has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and which are available on DSP Group's Web site (www.dspg.com) under Investor Relations.
Contact: Ofer Elyakim, Director of Investor Relations & Business Development of DSP Group Inc., +1-408-986-4421, or ofere@dsp.co.il.
DSP GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Three Months        Nine Months
Ended              Ended
September 30,      September 30,
2006      2005     2006      2005
Product revenues and other
$63,875   $55,614  $176,565  $144,824
Cost of product revenues
and other                          37,689    29,420   103,676    77,654
26,186    26,194    72,889    67,170
Research and development           12,242    10,487    35,553    30,428
Sales and marketing                 4,357     3,706    12,233     9,882
General and administrative          2,771     1,904     8,466     5,552
Total operating expenses           19,370    16,097    56,252    45,862
Operating income                     6,816    10,097    16,637    21,308
Other income:
Interest and other
income, net                       3,372     2,565     9,832     7,336
Income before provision for
income taxes                      10,188    12,662    26,469    28,644
Provision for income taxes           2,136     2,152     5,691     4,879
Net income                          $8,052   $10,510   $20,778   $23,765
Net earnings per share:
Basic                            $0.28     $0.37     $0.70     $0.84
Diluted                          $0.27     $0.35     $0.68     $0.80
Weighted average number of
shares of Common Stock used
in the computation of:
Basic                           29,279    28,663    29,543    28,368
Diluted                         29,748    30,079    30,388    29,801
CONSOLIDATED PRO FORMA STATEMENTS OF INCOME
Ended             Ended
September 30,     September 30,
2006     2005       2006      2005
Product revenues and other         $63,875  $55,614   $176,565  $144,824
and other                          37,563   29,420    103,342    77,654
Gross profit                        26,312   26,194     73,223    67,170
Research and development           10,589   10,487     30,975    30,428
Sales and marketing                 4,013    3,706     11,267     9,882
General and administrative          1,917    1,904      5,516     5,552
Total operating expenses            16,519   16,097     47,758    45,862
Operating income                     9,793   10,097     25,465    21,308
income, net                       3,372    2,565      9,832     7,336
income taxes                      13,165   12,662     35,297    28,644
Provision for income taxes           2,262    2,152      6,025     4,879
Net income                         $10,903  $10,510    $29,272   $23,765
Basic                            $0.37    $0.37      $0.99     $0.84
Diluted                          $0.37    $0.35      $0.96     $0.80
Basic                           29,279   28,663     29,543    28,368
Diluted                         29,748   30,079     30,388    29,801
The above pro forma consolidated statements of income have
been adjusted to exclude the following to US GAAP reported net
Ended                 Ended
September 30,        September 30,
Reported net income per US GAAP     $8,052  $10,510    $20,778   $23,765
Adjustments:
Equity-based compensation
expense included in cost of
product revenues and other            126       --        334        --
expense included in
research and development            1,653       --      4,578        --
expense included in sales
and marketing                         344       --        966        --
expense included in general
and administrative                    854       --      2,950        --
Tax benefit resulting from
equity-based compensation            (126)      --       (334)       --
Pro forma net income               $10,903  $10,510    $29,272   $23,765
September 30,     December 31,
2006             2005
(Unaudited)      (Audited)
Cash and cash equivalents                      $36,877          $50,460
Marketable securities and cash                 129,082          108,928
Trade receivables, net                          26,525           16,991
Inventories                                     15,404           12,686
Other accounts receivable                        2,723            1,617
Deferred income taxes                            1,560            1,227
Total current assets                            212,171          191,909
Property and equipment, net                      13,578           11,704
Long term marketable securities                 197,887          185,828
Severance pay fund                                5,290            4,419
Deferred income taxes                             1,638            1,638
Other assets                                      3,690            4,507
Total assets                                   $434,254         $400,005
Accounts payable                               $18,863          $12,753
Other current liabilities                       28,293           33,411
Total current liabilities                        47,156           46,164
Accrued severance pay                             5,713            4,707
Stockholders' equity:
Common Stock                                        29               29
Additional paid-in capital                     212,070          188,539
Accumulated other
comprehensive income                              252               45
Retained earnings                              194,071          179,968
Less - Cost of treasury stock                   (25,037)         (19,447)
Total stockholders' equity                      381,385          349,134
Total liabilities and
stockholders' equity                          $434,254         $400,005
SOURCE DSP Group, Inc.
CONTACT: Ofer Elyakim, Director of Investor Relations & Business Development of DSP Group Inc., +1-408-986-4421, or ofere@dsp.co.il/
Photo: http://www.newscom.com/cgi-bin/prnh/20020715/SFM118LOGO
AP Archive: http://photoarchive.ap.org
PRN Photo Desk, photodesk@prnewswire.com/,
Web site: http://www.dspg.com/
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Carleton Global Engagement
Women's and Gender Studies in Europe
Whitney Stark
Independent Research Project: "The Politics of the Glass Case."
Whitney Stark, WGSE Student in 2009, TA in 2015
Whitney graduated from Antioch College with a B.A. in Communications and from CEU/Utrecht University with a dual M.A. with honors in Gender Studies (GEMMA Scholarship). Whitney has a background in community media, youth work, organizing, academic writing, and pedagogy. As a student in the WGSE program, Whitney was able to build a relationship with Utrecht University, through which they learned of and was accepted to the international M.A. Gender Studies program GEMMA. Currently, Whitney works as the curator of the Fellowship program at BAK, Basis voor actuele kunst in Utrecht, incorporating her experience and education with the space of art so as to embellish and enact relevant and less oppressive models for being together. Whitney also works on B.A.K's current trajectory Propositions for Non-Fascist Living (2017–ongoing). Whitney lives in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Program blog postings
COVID-19 Protocols & Practices
One North College Street
Email: global@carleton.edu
Women's and Gender Studies in Europe pages maintained by Rob Quanbeck
This page was last updated on 10 May 2021


A few days ago, a provincial election forum was held in SUB.
Well, forum is a bit of a strong word. It was supposed to be a forum, but only one candidate showed. It was NDP MLA Marlin Schdmit, who is also the Minister of Advanced Education. The other candidate slated to appear, Prem Pal of the Alberta Party, was unable to attend due to serious illness. The forum thus became, in the words of the moderator, a "fireside chat" with Schmidt.
But now is not the time for fireside chats. Now is the time for Alberta's parties to bring their platforms to the people, to prove to Albertans that they actually care about their issues. This forum was a chance for the parties to prove they care about students. This "fireside chat" clearly shows that the parties don't care as much as they should.
For starters, both the Liberal and the United Conservative Parties were contacted about attending the forum, but neither responded. I can understand to a degree why the Liberals may not have responded; they're not running a full slate this election, and may not have had anyone with a strong enough grasp of the inner workings of postsecondary policy to attend.
The UCP's absence, however, is inexcusable. They're the most powerful opposition to the NDP in this election; recent polls state they have the support of 48.5 per cent of Albertans. Bottom line, they're likely to win the election. It's thus incredibly important to be able to discuss their ideas at a public forum, to get a sense of what they pose in relation to the NDP. We didn't get that chance, though, which I think really goes to show how important the UCP considers students in this election.
As far as the absence of the Alberta Party goes, I understand that medical complications can arise when we least expect them. The Alberta Party is running a full slate, though; they could have found someone else to cover for Pal, or at least warned the forum moderators about Pal's illness ahead of time. This poor communication and seeming inability to find a replacement give me the sense that the Alberta Party, too, isn't as invested in students as they should be.
The state of this forum is just another symptom of a political system that simply does not care about young voters, especially students. Postsecondary policy was mentioned only three times in the 90 minute-long televised leaders debate, with one of those times being a false claim from Alberta Party Leader Stephen Mandel about postsecondary enrolment numbers in Alberta.
As I've mentioned previously, low youth voter turnout isn't simply a matter of young people being apathetic about politics, but a matter of how parties struggle to communicate with young voters. It's also an issue of the issues they prioritize; parties typically push issues that affect older demographics because they typically make up the majority of voters during elections.
Schmidt stated that his presence at the forum showed that the NDP "[are] the only ones who are interested in engaging students at a political level." This sounds nice on the surface, but Schmidt was also the only person slated to appear at the forum whose sole job is to engage students at a political level. Schmidt's attempt at a messaging spin fails to hide the fact that he spent most of his time at the forum regurgitating things the NDP has already done in the realm of postsecondary, such as Bill 19 and the reimplementation of the Summer Temporary Employment Program (STEP). Little to no new initiatives were discussed, just like in the NDP's platform.
The whole point of forums like this is to foster a healthy, engaged democracy, where representatives and citizens can come together to ask tough questions, express values, and put test their ideas. This engagement is a two-way street; when representatives don't engage, there's no incentive for citizens to engage.
Sure, this forum has made me deeply jaded and bitter about voting in this election. But even in the face of bitterness, students should not lie down on their backs in defeat. If anything, this failure of a forum should mobilize students to speak loudly about their interests, to send a message to our political parties that we won't be ignored.
Maybe next election season then parties will care about students.


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Oceano Dunes off-roaders plan to 'Stand for the Sand' in Sacramento
OCEANO, Calif. (FOX26) — Fans of camping and off-roading at the Oceano Dunes are now getting ready to take their fight to the State Capitol.Weeks ago, California State Parks closed 48 acres of...
Coos Bay City Council votes to approve Jordan Cove LNG dredge request
OR, United States
COOS BAY, Ore. -- The Coos Bay City Council voted Tuesday night to approve a land use application for the Jordan Cove LNG project.According to Jordan Cove spokesman Paul Vogel, it was a 4-3 vote in...
Dredging Continues at Grand Traverse Harbor In Keweenaw County
KEWEENAW COUNTY — Heavy equipment operators are expected to begin working this week to dredge stamp sands from in and around the Grand Traverse Harbor in Keweenaw County.Over the past roughly...
More sand planned for beaches dealing with erosion
FORT PIERCE, Fla. — Recent high winds have wreaked havoc on some beaches on the Treasure Coast. "We're seeing some significant erosion at the Fort Pierce beach just...
O.C. Beaches Getting Their Fill – of Sand
By MADDY VITALEMonths from now visitors and residents will reap the benefits of wide Ocean City beaches due to a replenishment project that is pumping in more sand to fill in what was lost through...
Northwest Indiana communities challenged by high lake levels
IN, United States
MICHIGAN CITY, Ind. (WNDU) - Both U.S. senators from Michigan are urging the federal government to send funds to help Michigan communities impacted by beach erosion, including some in Michiana....
The Colorado River is overcommitted – here's how that happened
In the early years of the 20th century, leaders across the West had big dreams for growth, all of which were tied to taking water from the Colorado River and moving it across mountains and...
Marine Labs on the Water's Edge Are Threatened by Climate Change
COCODRIE, La. — A marine laboratory 85 miles southwest of New Orleans was designed to be a fortress against extreme weather. But it might be defeated by climate change.Sitting at the end of...
Memphis District: 2019 dredged up with a bang
The Memphis District U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has several missions associated with the Mississippi River. One of the most important is to keep the river channel at a depth that allows the river...
Pipeline Incident Prevention - A Life-Saving Guide for the Dredging and Pipeline Industries
Today, the Council for Dredging and Marine Construction Safety (CDMCS) released Pipeline Incident Prevention, a recommended best practices guide for safe dredging near underwater gas and hazardous...
Marine Highway projects get $7.5 million in MARAD grants
MARAD has announced the award of more than $7.5 million in grants to nine Marine Highway projects. They include funding for several Container on Barge (COB) projects, conversion of a ferry from...
Inland Dredging Company Wraps Up Contract
On December 23, Inland Dredging Company wrapped up maintenance dredging at U.S. Army Corps of Engineers inland harbors, dredging 1,289,598 cubic yards of sediment total. The Memphis District...
Dredge Hurley Returns Home After Historic Season
On December 9, the Memphis Engineer District's dredge Hurley returned to its home port at the Ensley Engineer Yard in Memphis Harbor. The Hurley dredged more than 12.5 million cubic yards this...
NJ beach to build sand dunes with 2,000 old Christmas trees
One New Jersey beach will be extra festive this summer – thanks to dunes made in part from discarded Christmas trees.Island Beach State Park in Ocean County has gotten 2,000 used trees donated this...
Homeowners concerned about timing of Surf City beach restoration
SURF CITY, N.C. (WECT) - Since Hurricane Florence caused significant damage to Surf City's coastline, the town has been making efforts to replenish the dunes.The town is currently working to haul...


text:
Your question: Is VAT going to be cut?
Will VAT go up in 2021?
Is VAT going to be cut UK?
Is there going to be a cut in VAT?
Has the VAT reduction been extended?
What is the VAT threshold for 2021?
Why is UK VAT so high?
Does 5% VAT apply alcohol?
Is hospitality still 5% VAT?
What items are 5% VAT?
Can you claim VAT on alcohol for staff?
What is the VAT rate on hotel rooms?
The rate of VAT on food, accommodation and entry fees to attractions is scheduled to increase from 5% to 12.5% from 1 October 2021. … Finance Act 2021 includes clauses to increase the rate to 12.5% between 1 October 2021 and 31 March 2022, with the standard rate of 20% due to return from 1 April 2022.
UK extends hospitality & tourism VAT cut to 5% till 30 Sept 2021; then 12.5% till 30 April 2022. PREVIOUSLY: The UK has cut the reduced Value Added Tax on hospitality services from the current 20% standard rate to the reduced rate of 5% on 8 July 2020 in the Chancellor's economic update.
The temporary 5% reduced rate will come to an end on 30 September 2021 and will then be replaced with a 12.5% reduced rate that will be effective until 31 March 2022: both will apply across the UK.
The temporary VAT rate reduction took effect from 15th July 2020. It was originally planned to end on 12th January 2021, and then extended until 31st March 2021 for eligible businesses. The temporary reduction for VAT has been extended again for the April 2021 – April 2022 tax year.
THIS IS IMPORTANT: What does tax money do in South Africa?
The VAT threshold currently stands at £85,000 for 2021/22 tax year in the United Kingdom. You must register with HMRC if your VATable turnover trips the threshold for Value Added Tax. Remember, these sales tax thresholds operate on a rolling 12-month period.
When banks are allowed to create a nation's money supply, we all end up paying higher taxes. This is because the proceeds from creating new money go to the banks rather than the taxpayer, and because taxpayers end up paying the cost of financial crises caused by the banks.
A 5% rate of VAT applies to supplies of: Food and non-alcoholic beverages sold for on-premises consumption, for example, in restaurants, cafes and pubs.
Due to the pandemic, on 8 July 2020, the government announced a temporary 5% reduced rate of VAT for certain supplies relating to hospitality, hotel and holiday accommodation and admission to certain attractions. … The normal standard rate of 20% will now return on 1 April 2022.
The reduced 5% VAT rate applies in the following areas: Food and non-alcoholic drinks which are sold to eat on the premises of places such as restaurants, cafés and pubs, as well as hot takeaway food and non-alcoholic drinks. Holiday sleeping accommodation, including hotels and pitch fees for caravans and tents.
If you were taking out a client for dinner, you would only be able to claim VAT on your own alcohol and not that of your clients. Christmas parties are a 'reward' for staff when it comes to business purposes. Therefore, you can reclaim VAT on alcohol for this occasion as they count as business gifts.
THIS IS IMPORTANT: What percentage of income do independent contractors pay in taxes?
The temporary reduced rate of 5% has been extended, and will now apply to transactions between 15 July 2020 and 30 September 2021. From 1 October 2021 until 31 March 2022, a VAT rate of 12.5% will apply.


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Clem Beckett
Clem Beckett was a champion speedway rider who throughout his all too short life put his political and trade union values ahead of fame or monetary rewards.
On 12 February 1937 he made the supreme sacrifice while manning a machine-gun at the Battle of Jarama. He was killed fighting Franco's fascists alongside fellow communist Christopher Caudwell – journalist, poet, Marxist philosopher and novelist (using his real name Christopher St John Sprigg) – with whom he had forged a strong bond of friendship despite their contrasting backgrounds.
Born in Oldham in 1906, Clem became a blacksmith on leaving school and his radical politics were forged in the hardship and discrimination he suffered during the 1920s. He was saved from unemployment and poverty by his unique skills as a speedway motorcyclist and rider on the 'Wall of Death'.
He began his speedway career in 1928 at Audenshaw, when dirt-track racing was in its infancy, and he was soon the leading rider of his day. By the end of the year he held 28 records in the sport. When he won the Golden Helmet at the Owlerton Stadium, no fewer than 15,000 spectators watched him. His presence was in such demand that he would often have to hire a plane to fly to three different events in a single day. His fame spread across Europe. In 1929 alone he raced and gave displays in France, Germany, Denmark, Yugoslavia and Turkey.
But at the height of his fame, angered by the growing exploitation in the sport, particularly the rising death toll among untrained youngsters, he formed a union for speedway riders, the Dirt Track Riders' Association. He also wrote an article for the Daily Worker headed 'Bleeding the men who risk their lives on the dirt track'. In doing so he earned the enmity of the promoters of the sport, the Auto-Cycle Union, who promptly blacklisted him.
Undeterred, he became an exhibition rider, inaugurating the Wall of Death in Sheffield, in which he defied gravity by driving a bike horizontally around a circular wall. In 1931 he toured the continent, including Germany, where he witnesses the rise of fascism, and in the following year he visited the Soviet Union as part of a British Workers' Sports Federation delegation.
But blacklisting had made life difficult for him, and on his return he took a job at the new Ford factory in Dagenham, where he hoped his interest in mechanics could be put to use. He only lasted two weeks as he was one of the first to try to organise a union in the plant and to publicise the unsafe working conditions in the factory.
During this period Clem was also active in the campaign to gain access to open spaces in what is now the Peak District National Park and took part in the famous 1932 the Kinder Trespass.
His passion for mechanics and engineering led him to set up a motorcycle sales and repair shop on his own account in Oldham Road in Manchester.
But, despite all the success, celebrity and wealth his dare-devil exploits won for him, Clem remained loyal and committed to his working-class origins and socialist philosophy. So, when in 1936 General Franco launched his fascist uprising against the Spanish Republic and Britain refused to sell arms to the Popular Front government, he offered to become part of the International Brigades.
In November of that year he set off to join the anti-fascist forces, in which he was in turn a mechanic, ambulance driver and machine-gunner. He explained why he had gone in the most simple terms and honest way in a letter to his wife: 'I'm sure you'll realise that I should never have been satisfied had I not assisted.'
Beckett died in the fighting in the River Jarama valley south-east of Madrid, where Franco tried unsuccessfully to cut the main road to Valencia, which was the capital's life-line. He was one of 150 members of the British Battalion to be killed.
His friend George Sinfield said: 'As his section was ordered to retire, Clem kept his machine-gun trained on the advancing fascists, acting as cover to the retreat. The advance was halted but Clem lost his life.'
Clem's widow Leda captured the spirit of the man: 'He went to Spain to face death because he loved life.' He had lived just 31 years.


text:
#pragma once
#include "GameFramework/SpectatorPawn.h"
#include "VehicleSpectatorPawn.generated.h"

UCLASS(config = Game, Blueprintable, BlueprintType)
class AVehicleSpectatorPawn : public ASpectatorPawn
{
	GENERATED_UCLASS_BODY()

	virtual void SetupPlayerInputComponent(UInputComponent* InputComponent) override;
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Add to Report View Custom Report
NM Commissioner of Public Lands reveals three-point plan to win Tesla
Dan Mayfield | Albuquerque Business First - Ray Powell the New Mexico Commissioner of Public Lands, is still pushing Tesla Motors to put its proposed Gigafactory on state land, where a variety of tax breaks and incentives could amount to a huge incentive for the company to locate here.
Tesla is looking at building its new Gigafactory in five states, one of which is New Mexico. Though the states are in a bake-off to see which will win the project, which could require as many as 1,000 acres of land, Powell says he has a three-point plan that would make Tesla's land-acquisition costs almost zero, as well as reduce the company's tax liability.
"I think we'd be competitive, if not best," Powell told Business First.
First, Powell said, if Tesla moved onto state land, the office would use funds from the Local Economic Development Act fund to eliminate its land costs. Second, state trust lands have no real estate taxes, he said. Third, Powell said, Iberdrola Renewables, the company that has a wind farm in the East Mountains, has agreed to provide green power at rates that would be competitive with coal or other traditional methods.
"By doing it this way, we're not using more economically viable land, like Mesa del Sol, for production of electricity," Powell said.
Category: new mexico, manufacturing, tesla


Happy to hear of Kevin's steady progress. We need tickets for the 4th!!!! We'll email JP with the number of tickets we need!!!!
– awesome job, as usual, kevin! what a great loinokg family my favorites are:1- the first one (looks like it's taken on some remote island somewhere)2- doug, linda, and rob by the big tree3- linda and alissa back to backalissa is so totally becky!!!


While most of the country is enduring some seriously cold temperatures, we're seeing many of the current trends in the supply chain and transportation industries heating up. Some of the hottest stories this week include new growth in the global flexible packaging market, harnessing technology for omni-channel strategy and improvement around trucking safety. Dive into all the details below!


text:
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WWE books Brock Lesnar vs. Randy Orton II for Chicago house show
Joseph Currier
It looks like things aren't quite settled between Brock Lesnar and Randy Orton.
Chicago's Allstate Arena announced on their verified Facebook page on Monday afternoon that Lesnar vs. Orton II will take place at the arena's September 24th house show in Chicago, IL. Paul Heyman later confirmed the news on his Twitter account.
According to Dave Meltzer, WWE will announce the match today. The house show isn't currently scheduled to be a WWE Network special, but it would make sense for it to be given the profile of the match.
The match is scheduled for the day before Raw's Clash of Champions pay-per-view on September 25th in Indianapolis, IN. Neither Lesnar nor Orton are scheduled for the PPV, making the decision to put the match on a house show even stranger.
Lesnar defeated Orton by TKO at SummerSlam, brutally bloodying him in the process. Orton required 10 staples to close the wound on his forehead after Lesnar opened him up the hard way with stiff elbow strikes.
On last week's edition of SmackDown, Orton said that things weren't over between him and Lesnar but he was interrupted by Bray Wyatt before he could finish his promo.
After the match at SummerSlam, Lesnar laid out SmackDown General Manager Shane McMahon with an F5. Lesnar's storyline punishment for his actions was a $500 fine issued by Stephanie McMahon, and the relatively small sanction seems intended to further conflict between the McMahon siblings.
The Allstate Arena's Facebook announcement is available to view below:
Randy Ortonbrock lesnarheadlinemainstory


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Home » Skills and apprenticeships » How Trafford College used data analytics to drive actionable change
How Trafford College used data analytics to drive actionable change
Dynistics	April 4, 2019
The primary focus of any educational institution is to do just that: to educate. The education sector is filled with data, from exam results, to staff performance, and there is a lot at stake; it's not just about ensuring students can achieve to the best of their ability, but it's also about meeting Ofsted and other regulatory requirements, which in turn has an impact on funding, recruitment and enrolling future students.
At the start of 2015, Trafford College, one of the leading providers of education and training in Manchester, was admittedly unsophisticated in its use of data. Whilst its strengths stood in reporting on aspects such as funding or learner numbers, when it came to other aspects such as curriculum performance, particularly around areas such as retention and achievement, the College was unrefined, leaving numerous areas unreported and therefore without the necessary visibility or transparency to make changes. Additionally, Trafford College had become heavily reliant on a very small number of people in the MIS (Management Information Systems) team to produce reports responsively, without any form of real-time data to keep the reports immediately actionable.
After an unfavourable visit from Ofsted, a change in the complexity of its study programmes and a restructure of its management team, Trafford College knew that something needed to change. James Cook – Vice Principal Curriculum & Quality, Trafford College Group, explained: "We needed to put more ownership and accountability on people within the organisation to understand exactly where they were in terms of their performance, their data for certain areas and what was needed to fix it. We were confident that access to real-time data would help us move forward and address the challenges we were facing."
Following a successful product demonstration to the wider team, Dynistics, the business intelligence software provider, was selected to implement its Active Dashboards solution, a data visualisation tool. James continues: "The Dynistics team could easily demonstrate the value and reliability of the tool, which made it an easy sell to the Senior Management Team (SMT). We all knew it would help us to make sure we were getting actionable insight from the right data, at the right time, to really inform the decisions we were making."
The bread and butter of Further Education
Before implementation, the College needed to decide which areas to initially focus on. "We decided to start at the beginning and focus on the basics of running a Further Education (FE) college, which at the start was learner numbers," James describes. "It was about getting better access to applications so we could quickly spot trends better than we had done previously; then, we could move on to elements such as attendance, retention and HR. There were so many aspects that we were quickly able to look at on the dashboard, which gave us the information we needed very, very quickly."
Insight was gained rapidly for Trafford College as the SMT had the ability to drill down into the data set and see where potential areas of concern could be. When looking at attendance, for example, leadership could not only see attendance for all 16-18-year-olds but also look into specific cases such as students with different needs or plans in place. "We could easily drill into different categories of learners, which was becoming more and more important to be able to answer specific questions from Ofsted about different students or needs," James explains. "With a touch of a button, we could see how they were performing and if there were any curriculum areas where we could see a clear gap, which enabled us to have the right conversations about actions to support improvement."
Sparking conversations
The dashboards are also used by middle managers as a prompt to question the accuracy and validity of the data itself. The SMT have regular performance meetings with middle managers, discussing issues such as attendance and achievement numbers. As James adds, in some cases, these discussions would prompt the middle managers to realise that the data being analysed wasn't actually correct.
"Bringing the aspect of 'wrong' data into the light was actually very useful for us, as it then enabled us to discuss why we thought the data was wrong – was there an issue, was there not, what needs to be done to fix it? Before using dashboards, we simply did not have visibility of this data so therefore could not have these same conversations. And by using the data and interrogating the data more, we actually drive up the data quality, promoting stronger trust and buy-in for what we were trying to achieve.
Early benefits
Areas including high-grade achievement, progress and attendance across the College have shown significant improvements as a result of having the right conversations, at the right time, with the right people. Early benefits of the solution were seen in relation to Maths and English attendance. As James explained, one of the drivers for choosing to implement a dashboard solution with Dynistics was because curriculum performance was becoming more complex, in terms of what the College had to deliver and what they were being judged against.
"Using dashboards helped us to very quickly see an improvement in our Maths and English attendance," James explains. "We could see which data wasn't accurate due to student churn, duplicated registration or miscommunication of students who didn't need to be in the class at all. By looking at our data properly, we could quickly get a handle on it and make sure everyone who needed to be in the classes were attending, and those who didn't were off the registers to avoid future confusion."
A look to the future
Taking one step at a time, the College has been able to successfully focus on getting accurate data for learner numbers and funding, and then accurate data on attendance for study programmes at a variety of levels. "We've now got a really good workable dashboard on student progress, so we can immediately see where every student is in the college against their target grade," James continues. "Additionally, we've been able to focus on top-end students; we had previously been successful monitoring students in the middle tier, and the students underperforming, but we weren't paying enough attention to our gifted and talented students."
The College also made the decision to roll out the use of the dashboards across the wider organisation, meaning every member of staff will ultimately have access to it. "At the moment, the data is only accessible to the SMT and middle managers as we focused on getting the usability and accuracy right. However, now that we're confident in the data itself, we will enable an enterprise-wide rollout."
An additional development will also be the introduction of a lecturer KPI dashboard to take a closer look at lecturer performance, judging on outcomes rather than observations. "This is a subject becoming much more prevalent in FE at the moment to drive further improvements. Ultimately, lecturers will be able to see student performance for everything they teach, student attendance, overall retention, progress, achievement and satisfaction all in one place. We're confident this will be a positive step for the College moving forward."
As James concludes, the College has learned a lot through its data journey. "One of the most important takeaways we have from the experience is to get buy-in from the entire organisation and make everyone really serious about data; over time, we had our whole team on board with using the solution from Dynistics, which in my opinion is the best. We've done a lot of work to get where we are today and there are still many things we want to look at in the future, which we're extremely confident Dynistics will be able to help us achieve."
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House Activities
We have some activities from our House Competitions here.
House Cross Country Competition.
We had eight races - Boys and Girls in each class P4-P7.
Different distances were run by age group with the longest races being in P7.
The winners earned House Points for their Houses.
There was a 'Poetry Slam' as part of our special Poetry Week.
The pupils were asked to perform a poem on stage in front of an audience. They could choose a poem or write their own. The performances were judged by a panel of judges who had great difficulty picking out our winners!
Sum Dog Winners
The Downpatrick Primary School P7 class are Top SUMDOGS for the third time in a row! Our P7s recently took part in an online Sumdog maths competition against 1000 pupils from almost 100 different schools across Northern Ireland.
During this week long competition the pupils had to answer 1000 maths questions whilst competing in a series of online maths challenges.
The school finished first in the competition overall – scoring an average of 911 points out of 1000 beating 97 other schools.
This is the third time in a row that the Downpatrick PS P7 class have won this competition.
The House Captains were selected by elections held across P4-P7.
They have to lead their houses and select teams for the different competitions. They have to be fair and make sure everyone who wishes gets the chance to represent their house.
They have to show good sportsmanship and be generous in victory and gracious in defeat.


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import { Injector, StaticProvider } from '@angular/core';

import { SkyDynamicComponentLocation } from './dynamic-component-location';

/**
 * Options for adding a dynamic component to the page.
 */
export interface SkyDynamicComponentOptions {
  /**
   * The location on the page where the dynamic component should be rendered.
   */
  location?: SkyDynamicComponentLocation;

  /**
   * Providers to inject into the new component.
   */
  providers?: StaticProvider[];

  /**
   * The reference element used when using the `ElementTop` or `ElementBottom` locations.
   */
  referenceEl?: HTMLElement;

  /**
   * Parent injector to use instead of the dynamic component service's injector
   */
  parentInjector?: Injector;
}


the quality or feeling of being grateful or thankful: He expressed his gratitude to everyone on the staff.
Thoughtful Quotes About GratitudeHaving a rough morning? Remember all there is to be grateful for with these quotes about gratitude. Your day will get better, we promise!
thanksgiverRead more in this article about some frequently asked questions and fun facts related to our definitions.
But the task is a little more fun when you can send your gratitude on cute note cards inspired by traditional Islamic designs.
Every other kind of influence-buying, such as spending to achieve influence, gratitude, access, etc., is just fine.
"Relief and gratitude was the reaction," Noonan reported afterward.
As an expression of gratitude, Paul donated thirty-three of these paintings to major French museums, including the Louvre.
But in the end, they went for it, made a really brave move, and I have nothing but gratitude and respect for them.
This information was received in gratitude, and his consent was thus readily obtained.
It was the final tribute of gratitude to one whose ceaseless energy had saved the nation from long years of tyranny.
The bull followed her pensively, after having testified his gratitude to the beneficent Mambres.
You may put that down, too, Crisp—and express your gratitude to his lordship for his kindness.
If nothing else could stir you, Stephen, at least I could have imagined some decent impulse of gratitude to me.
mid-15c., "good will," from Middle French gratitude (15c.) or directly from Medieval Latin gratitudinem (nominative gratitudo) "thankfulness," from Latin gratus "thankful, pleasing" (see grace). Meaning "thankfulness" is from 1560s.


text:
2018 Best in Show
Karah Allred Bootsie Central High School
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Competition & Convention
Keynote Speaker Kevin Delaney Bio
Delaney grew up in New Jersey before relocating to New England and then Rhode Island. His mother was a lifelong educator and his father a carpenter. Delaney graduated from college with a major in performance arts and writing. It was at college that he met his wife, a North Little Rock native. While living in Rhode Island he began his career working as a playwright, writing teacher, and an actor. He worked for the nonprofit organization The Manton Avenue Project, a kids' playwriting organization that creates original community theater by linking professional artists with children from low-income neighborhoods. While living in Providence, Rhode Island Delaney began work at the Roger Williams Park Zoo. Though he didn't set out to find a career in science Delaney has always been fascinated by it and surrounded by it as his uncle is a palynologist (Studies Pollen) and his brother is a Marine biologist. While working at zoo he was primarily involved in educational presentation and interpretation. This helped to spark his professional career as he worked alongside many biologist and zoologist and he began to combine his storytelling skills and background with his scientific interests and curiosity. In 2011 Delaney and his wife moved to Little Rock to be closer to his wives family and began to work at the Museum of Discovery located in downtown Little Rock. Until 2017 he worked at the museum as a science presenter and helped to develop the popular adult program Science After Dark. It was during his time as director of visitor experience that The Museum of Discovery was named by the Mensa Society as one of the nation's top 10 science museums.
Delaney's rise to fame began in 2014 when "Tonight Show" producers contacted the museum looking for educators to work with Jimmy Fallon. The producers reached out to more than 50 museums across the country, however, Delaney was the only educator brought to New York for a test run. He has since made many episodes with Jimmy Fallon and is currently scheduled for more appearances. Along with his experience on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, he has also made appearances with Rachel Ray, Last call with Carson Daly, and was recently the special guest judge on Food Networks baking show Buddy vs. Duff. Delaney also starred as the lead actor and writer for the TV show Street Science on the Science Channel. When Delaney is not busy staring on various T.V. shows he has been in high demand across the country doing science demos and promoting the importance of science.
AYAA
Arkansas Young Artists Association
Flippin High School
103 Alford St.
Flippin, Ar 72634


Now, an interdisciplinary team of NASA scientists wants to expand how habitable zones are defined, taking into account the impact of stellar activity, which can threaten an exoplanet's atmosphere with oxygen loss. This research was published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters on Feb. 6, 2017.
Another important habitability factor is a star's age, say the scientists, based on observations they've gathered from NASA's Kepler mission. Every day, young stars produce superflares, powerful flares and eruptions at least 10 times more powerful than those observed on the sun. On their older, matured counterparts resembling our middle-aged sun today, such superflares are only observed once every 100 years.


On the occasion of the Olympic Games, issued by the tourist board of Berlin.
It's hard to believe this was published in 1936. Looks so new. Must have been quite special at the time.
I was under the impression that Futura didn't have a square-barred '1'. It was how I was always distinguishing Spartan from the original. But perhaps this style of '1' was offered in Germany too? It also appears in this 1936 Swiss ad.


Are The Orbs We See Angels?
Most of us are familiar with the concept of orbs. In pictures or while meditation or in peripheral visions, you may have noticed their presence.
They are generally round but can also appear in various other shapes.
Some of them may look transparent but at times they contain color.
We will begin our discussion with the orbs which we notice in photographs.
People believe that the orbs which appear in these photos are signs from the spirits and angels.
In most cases, these orbs are just dust particles.
However, orbs may also represent the energy broadcast out from a person's chakras or they might be angelic beings.
These orbs are the spiritual manifestation of one's inner energy.
They generally appear around the chakra energy centers of a person.
They manifest through positivity and love or any other high vibrational frequency.
The orbs which appear will be visible at the center which coordinates with a specific emotion.
Every energetic orb correlates with a specific vibrational energy. Some energetic orbs contain the energy of healing, love, tranquility, peace, and others passion, joy, or enlightenment.
All these orbs come to the fore in harmony with a man's state of mind.
As we have already discussed, these orbs are not only the manifestations of one's state of mind, but they are also believed to be angelic.
We will call them angel orbs over here, in our discussion. These orbs are relatively big and more vibrant than other orbs.
It is also believed that these orbs are the spirits of our ancestors. They help us through the rough patches of our life.
Actually, these orbs that get manifested in pictures are the carriers of love and light.
They can have many reasons for their presence. It depends upon the realm they are in.


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Q: Special Characters Not Displaying Correctly in .NET CORE There's an API that I've called in my MVC 5 app and it returns the response back to me correctly. In the string it has these special characters:
ý þ ü.

However, when I move over to .NET Core and call the same API to return the response back to me, it comes back to me with the character "Diamond with a ?"
Why would it work in MVC 5 and not .NET CORE?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Similar Codes In The American And Chinese Culture
Dec 5, 2019 in Analysis
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A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Similar Codes In The American And Chinese Culture (Textual, Interpretive And Social Codes)
Societies use different codes, interpretive, social and textual codes and these codes compares and contrasts between one society and another. For example, a handshake, which is one of the communication codes is used in many cultures and may denote similar or dissimilar meanings such as respect. This is also the case with other codes such as music, art and fashion. In order to understand the use of codes in different societies, a cross-cultural comparison of similar interpretive, social and textual codes in the American and Chinese Culture will be done.
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Interpretive Codes (Chinese and American Ideological Codes)
One of the codes used in the two societies are ideological codes, which are part of interpretive codes. These codes are based on a society's cultural values and the difference in people's ideology. The American society is more into individualism whereby individual competence, independence and productivity are emphasized. In most cases, people focus on me and individual goals are emphasized in this ideology instead of emphasizing more on we in a group. On the other hand, the Chinese society is more into collectivism instead of individualism. The harmony of all is valued in this culture and personal matters, which are more valued in the American culture does not exist in the Chinese culture. The specific individual needs are therefore outweighed by collective or communal harmony in the Chinese culture. Apparently, this aspect of the Chinese community has a tradition since it originated with from Confucianism philosophy, which taught people to view themselves as belonging to a larger community. Group rules and norms therefore guide individuals in the collective community and people within this group are required to adhere to these rules. This means that success in this ideology is based on the harmonious interaction and merging of a person within a group instead of paying attention to oneself in the community interaction.
Since this is different from an American society, which is more into individualism, a Chinese person is likely to feel left out and is also likely to view Americans as cold and uncaring. This is also the same case with an American citizen in a Chinese society context. He/she is likely to be self reliant and confident. This means that the two are likely to feel left out when in the context of another culture. It might also be hard for a Chinese to adapt into the American setting and vice versa because of these aspects of the two societies.
Social Codes (American and Chinese Non-Language Codes)
These codes help in communication, interaction and getting other meanings related to culture. The use of non-language code between the two societies is that it helps in supplementing language and also helps in interaction within the society. One of these codes is the facial expression, which is present both in the Chinese and in the American society. Another non-language code used by the two societies is symbolic objects and body language all of which helps in supplementing language.
A gift, which is used in both the American and Chinese community, however, has different meaning when used in the two societies. In the Chinese culture a lotus gifts means that the receiver's integrity is being glorified. This is so given that this is used as a purity symbol in the Chinese community. When the same is code is used in an American setting, it would signify another thing since the American society does not have the same interpretation as the Chinese community.
In the two communities, non-language codes have the ability of making or breaking efforts especially when used in a business setting. For example, in the Chinese setting, a woman does not gaze at her male opponents. This is not the case within the American culture setting since handshake and eye contact are required especially during a business conversation. Therefore, Chinese business women may leave behind a negative impression when they engage in American negotiations because of the differences in these non-language codes. In China, eye contact between women and men is guided by a tradition that requires women to practice the virtue of obedience to their fathers, their husbands and their sons with the latter being emphasized during widowhood. Chinese women are also supposed to behave in certain way when conducting them or during speech. Although these codes are traditional, the fact remains that they still exert some influence on Chinese women regardless of whether they are professionals or not. Therefore, Chinese women are likely to avoid direct gaze and are likely to adopt personalities that are more docile than American women.
Textual Codes (American and Chinese aesthetic codes)
One of the aesthetic codes used by the two societies is orchestra music. The Chinese orchestra is an adopted concept from the western world that was incorporated into the Chinese culture in the 20th century. Even though ever since time in memorial, the Chinese population has played their music in groups, the Chinese musicians formed their orchestras based on Western symphony orchestras. The music was written for these orchestras also relied heavily on western music theories.
This then explains why Chinese classical music highly resembles the western music. Originally, the Chinese music derived its flavor from the pentatonic scale. Currently, the composers do consider chromatic scales and the Chinese instruments are being modified to suit these new changes there are chord progressions that have been adopted from the Western music styles and are being used in the same way they are used in western types of music. Currently, a Chinese orchestra seat in a semi-circular format and they all face the conductor just the way it is done in the western symphony orchestras. There is also a specific way in which they place their instruments, for instance; the string instruments are always placed in front while the wind instruments are seated in the middle towards the back. This arrangement was also adapted from the Western symphony orchestras.
A typical American symphony orchestra on the hand has four main groups of relating musical instruments that include wood winds, percussion, and brass and string instruments just like in the Chinese orchestra symphony bands. Just like in the Chinese symphony orchestras, the Americans use the violin, viola, cello and double bass. However, they also use the keyboard and concert harp as stand alone in performance. The American orchestras have also included other instruments from the originally played ones. They include the classical guitar; heckle phone and flugelhorn that started to be used in the 20th century.
In both Chinese and American symphony orchestras, there is a large sized orchestra that contains less than fifty people, and then there is the full-size symphony orchestra that comprises of seventy to a hundred people. However, in both countries, the number of the musicians mostly ranges between 70 to 100 depending on the size of the venue and the work to be done during a particular performance. In both orchestras, the musicians are led by a conductor who is held responsible for directing the performance using physical gestures like the movements of the hands. His main responsibility is to make sure that the orchestra is well unified, the tempo is well set, and the sound is amicably shaped.
In conclusion, a cross comparison of different interpretive, textual and social codes in the American and Chinese culture shows that although some of the codes are similar, they are used differently in the two cultures. Facial expression, which is used by both the Chinese and American cultures, might be different when used across culture. Orchestra music, which is in both American and Chinese culture, is played different although inspired by the western culture. This is also the same case with the society in terms of ideological codes since the Chinese society is based on collectivism while American society is more into individualism.
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