text:
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction}

While the existence of dark mater has been firmly established by the observations, its identity is still unknown.
Weakly Interacting Massive Particles are promising candidates of dark matter, and most of the searches have focused on the electro-weak mass scale \cite{Aprile:2018dbl, Ackermann:2015zua, Sirunyan:2017hci, Aaboud:2016tnv}.
However, despite the extensive efforts, they have not been detected, which motivates us to search for dark matter candidates in different mass range.

Among them is an ultralight boson, whose mass can be down to $\sim10^{-22}~\si{eV}$ \cite{Hu:2000ke}.
Due to the large occupation number, it behaves as classical waves in our Galaxy, whose angular frequency is almost equal to its mass.
A lot of searches have been proposed and conducted to detect this type of dark matter \cite{Khmelnitsky:2013lxt, Porayko:2014rfa, Porayko:2018sfa, Nomura:2019cvc, Arvanitaki:2014faa, Arvanitaki:2015iga, Branca:2016rez, Graham:2015ifn, Blas:2016ddr, Arvanitaki:2016fyj, Geraci:2018fax, Hees:2016gop, Stadnik:2015xbn, Aoki:2016kwl, Morisaki:2018htj, DeRocco:2018jwe, Obata:2018vvr, Liu:2018icu, Nagano:2019rbw, Martynov:2019azm, Michimura:2020vxn, Pierce:2018xmy, Guo:2019ker, Grote:2019uvn, CalderonBustillo:2020srq}.
Some of them search for the oscillation of fundamental constants such as the fine-structure constant, which may be caused through its coupling to the Standard Model particles \cite{Arvanitaki:2014faa, Arvanitaki:2015iga, Branca:2016rez, Hees:2016gop, Stadnik:2015xbn}.
The metric perturbations generated by it can be detected in the pulsar timing array experiments \cite{Khmelnitsky:2013lxt, Porayko:2014rfa, Porayko:2018sfa, Nomura:2019cvc}.
If it has the axion-type coupling, it differentiates the phase velocities of the circular-polarized photons and may be detected with an optical cavity \cite{DeRocco:2018jwe, Obata:2018vvr, Liu:2018icu, Nagano:2019rbw, Martynov:2019azm} or astronomical observations \cite{Fujita:2018zaj, Caputo:2019tms, Fedderke:2019ajk}.

Recently, it was pointed out that gravitational-wave detectors are sensitive to ultralight vector dark matter arising as a gauge boson of $U(1)_B$ or $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge symmetry \cite{Pierce:2018xmy}, where $B$ and $L$ are the baryon and lepton numbers, respectively.
The vector dark matter oscillates the test mass mirrors of the detectors though its coupling with baryons or leptons.
Since the gravitational-wave detectors are highly precise measuring tools of the length difference of their arms, they are sensitive to the tiny oscillations, and they can be used to probe the parameter space which has not been excluded by the Equivalence Principle (EP) tests \cite{Schlamminger:2007ht, Wagner:2012ui, Touboul:2017grn, Berge:2017ovy}.
The actual search was also conducted with the data from the first observing run (O1) of the LIGO detectors \cite{Harry:2010zz}, and the constraints better than that from the E\"ot-Wash torsion pendulum experiment \cite{Schlamminger:2007ht, Wagner:2012ui} was obtained for the $U(1)_B$ case \cite{Guo:2019ker}.

What limits the sensitivity of gravitational-wave detectors is that the displacements of the test mass mirrors caused by the vector dark matter are almost common.
It makes the length between the mirrors almost constant over the time, and the amplitude of the signal due to the length change is suppressed by a factor of the velocity of dark matter, which is in the order of $10^{-3}$.
In this paper we point out that the effect of the finite light-traveling time is crucial in this case.
Even if the displacements are completely common, the optical path length of the laser light changes, as the test mass mirrors oscillate while the light is traveling in the arm.
While it is suppressed by the product of oscillation frequency and the arm length, it can be more important than the contribution from the length change.
It becomes more pronounced for the future gravitational-wave detectors, which have longer arms.
This effect was taken into account in the previous studies for scalar dark matter \cite{Arvanitaki:2016fyj, Morisaki:2018htj} but never done before for vector dark matter.

This paper is organized as follows.
In \secref{sec:basics} we introduce the model we consider and the force exerted by the vector dark matter.
In \secref{sec:signal} we calculate the signal produced by the vector dark matter in a gravitational-wave detector taking into account the finite light-traveling time.
In \secref{sec:future} we estimate the future constraints and show how much they are improved due to the new contribution.
In \secref{sec:o1} we update the current constraints from the O1 data of the advanced LIGO detectors.
Finally we summarize the results we have obtained in \secref{sec:conclusion}.
Throughout this paper we apply the natural unit system, $\hbar=c=\epsilon_0=1$.

\section{Vector dark matter} \label{sec:basics}

We consider a massive vector field, $A^\mu$, which couples to $B$ or $B-L$ current $J^\mu_D~(D=B~\text{or}~B-L)$, as dark matter.
The Lagrangian is given by
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{L} = -\frac{1}{4} F^{\mu \nu} F_{\mu \nu} + \frac{1}{2} m_A^2 A^\mu A_\mu - \epsilon_D e J^\mu_D A_\mu, \label{lagrangian}
\end{equation}
where $F_{\mu \nu} = \partial_\mu A_\nu - \partial_\nu A_\mu$, $m_A$ is the mass of the vector field and $\epsilon_D$ is the coupling constant normalized to the electromagnetic one $e$.

The spatial components of the vector dark matter in our Galaxy can be modeled as \cite{Miller:2020vsl}
\begin{equation}
\bm{A} = \sum_i A_i \bm{e}_i \cos (\omega_i t - \bm{k}_i \cdot \bm{x} + \phi_i),
\end{equation}
where $i$ is an index to identify each dark matter particle and we sum over their vector potentials.
$A_i$ is the amplitude, $\bm{e}_i$ is the polarization unit vector, $\omega_i$ is the angular frequency, $\bm{k}_i$ is the wave number and $\phi_i$ is the constant phase of the $i$-th particle.
The equation of motion gives the following dispersion relation,
\begin{equation}
\omega_i = \sqrt{\bm{k}^2_i + m_A^2}. \label{eq:dispersion}
\end{equation}

The norms of the wave numbers in our Galaxy are in the order of $m_A v_{\mathrm{DM}} \sim 10^{-3} m_A$, where $v_{\mathrm{DM}}$ is the dark matter velocity dispersion in our Galaxy.
Substituting it into \eqref{eq:dispersion} leads to
\begin{equation}
\omega_i - m_A \sim m_A v_{\mathrm{DM}}^2 \sim 10^{-6} m_A.
\end{equation}
This means the vector field, and hence the signal we observe, can be treated as monochromatic waves with frequency of $m_A / 2 \pi$ over the coherence time, which is given by
\begin{equation}
\tau \equiv \frac{2 \pi}{m_A v_{\mathrm{DM}}^2} \sim \frac{10^7}{m_A},
\end{equation}
and the coherence is lost for a longer time interval.

The force exerted by the vector dark matter on a test mass mirror located at $\bm{x}_0$ is given by
\begin{align}
\bm{F} &\simeq - \epsilon_D e Q_D \dot{\bm{A}} \nonumber \\
&\simeq m_A \epsilon_D e Q_D \sum_i A_i \bm{e}_i \sin(\omega_i t - \bm{k}_i \cdot \bm{x}_0 + \phi_i),
\end{align}
where $Q_D$ is the $B$ or $B-L$ charge of the test mass mirror.
The test mass mirror oscillates around $\bm{x}_0$ due to the force, and its position is given by $\bm{x}=\bm{x}_0 + \delta \bm{x}(t, \bm{x}_0)$, where
\begin{equation}
\delta \bm{x}(t, \bm{x}_0) \simeq - \frac{\epsilon_D e}{m_A} \frac{Q_D}{M} \sum_i A_i \bm{e}_i \sin(\omega_i t - \bm{k}_i \cdot \bm{x}_0 + \phi_i).
\end{equation}
$Q_D/M$ is approximately given by
\begin{equation}
\frac{Q_D}{M} \simeq \begin{dcases}
\displaystyle \frac{1}{m_{\mathrm{n}}}, & \left(D=B\right) \\
\displaystyle \frac{0.5}{m_{\mathrm{n}}}, & \left(D=B-L\right)
\end{dcases}
\end{equation}
where $m_{\mathrm{n}}$ is the neutron mass.

\section{Signal in a gravitational-wave detector} \label{sec:signal}

The signal in a gravitational-wave detector is given by
\begin{equation}
h(t)=\frac{\varphi(t; \bm{n}) - \varphi(t; \bm{m})}{4 \pi \nu L}, \label{eq:hoft}
\end{equation}
where $\nu$ is the laser frequency of the detector, $L$ is the arm length, and $\bm{n}$ and $\bm{m}$ are unit vectors along the two arms of the interferometer.
$\varphi(t; \bm{n})$ is the phase of laser light returning back from the arm after the round trip.

The phase of laser light returning back at the time $t$ is the same as that of laser light entering the arm at the time $t-T_{\mathrm{r}}$, where $T_{\mathrm{r}}$ is the round-trip time.
Thus, we have
\begin{equation}
\varphi(t; \bm{n}) = 2 \pi \nu (t - T_{\mathrm{r}}) + \phi_0, \label{eq:returnphase}
\end{equation}
where $\phi_0$ is a constant phase.
The round-trip time is given by
\begin{equation}
T_{\mathrm{r}} = -x_{\mathrm{i}} (t) + 2 x_{\mathrm{e}}(t-L) - x_{\mathrm{i}}(t-2L), \label{eq:roundtime}
\end{equation}
where $x_{\mathrm{i}}(t)$ and $x_{\mathrm{e}}(t)$ represent the positions of the input and end test mass mirrors of the arm.
With the coordinate system where the input test mass mirror is at $\bm{x}=0$ in the absence of vector dark matter, $x_{\mathrm{i}}(t)$ and $x_{\mathrm{e}}(t)$ are given by
\begin{equation}
x_{\mathrm{i}}(t) = \bm{n} \cdot \delta \bm{x}(t, \bm{0}),~~~~~x_{\mathrm{e}}(t) = L + \bm{n} \cdot \delta \bm{x}(t, L \bm{n}). \label{eq:xin_xend}
\end{equation}
Substituting \eqref{eq:roundtime} and \eqref{eq:xin_xend} into \eqref{eq:returnphase}, we obtain
\begin{equation}
\varphi(t; \bm{n}) = - 2 \pi \nu \left(\delta L_1 + \delta L_2\right) + 2 \pi \nu (t - 2 L) + \phi_0,
\end{equation}
where
\begin{align}
\delta L_1 &\equiv \bm{n} \cdot \left(-\delta \bm{x}(t, \bm{0}) + 2 \delta \bm{x}(t - L, \bm{0}) - \delta \bm{x} (t - 2 L, \bm{0})\right) \nonumber \\
&= - \frac{4 \epsilon_D e}{m_A} \frac{Q_D}{M} \sin^2\left(\frac{m_A L}{2}\right) \nonumber \\
&~~\times \sum_i A_i \left(\bm{n} \cdot \bm{e}_i\right) \sin\left(\omega_i (t - L) + \phi_i\right), \\
\delta L_2 &\equiv 2 \bm{n} \cdot \left( \delta \bm{x}(t - L, L \bm{n}) - \delta \bm{x}(t - L, \bm{0}) \right) \nonumber \\
&\simeq \frac{2 \epsilon_D e L}{m_A} \frac{Q_D}{M} \nonumber \\
&~~ \times \sum_i A_i \left(\bm{n}\cdot\bm{e}_i\right) \left(\bm{n}\cdot\bm{k}_i\right) \cos \left(\omega_i (t-L) + \phi_i\right).
\end{align}
To derive the approximate expression of $\delta L_2$, we assume $L| \bm{k}|\ll1$, which is valid for the frequency range and the arm length of the gravitational-wave detectors we consider.

As can be seen in the definition of $\delta L_2$, it is from the deviation of the arm length from $L$, and it has been taken into account in the previous studies.
Compared to the gravitational waves with the same frequency, the wavelength of the vector dark matter is longer by a factor of $1/v_{\mathrm{DM}} \sim 10^3$.
This makes force acting on the two test mass mirrors at both ends of the arm almost the same, and $\delta L_2$ is suppressed by a factor of $v_{\mathrm{DM}} \sim 10^{-3}$ through $\bm{k}_i$.

On the other hand, $\delta L_1$ is the new contribution we point out, which arises due to the finite light-traveling time in the arm.
Even if the displacements are completely common and the arm length is constant, the optical path length can oscillate, as the test mass mirrors oscillate while light is traveling.
This contribution is significant only when the oscillation frequency is comparable to the inverse of the round-trip time, and it is suppressed by $\sim m_A L$.
Nevertheless, $\delta L_1$ is important in this case as $\delta L_2$ is suppressed more significantly.
For the advanced LIGO detector, whose arm length is $4~\si{\kilo \metre}$ and frequency band is $10-1000~\si{\hertz}$, the ratio between $\delta L_1$ and $\delta L_2$ is given by
\begin{equation}
\frac{\delta L_1}{\delta L_2} \sim \frac{m_A L}{v_{\mathrm{DM}}} \sim 8 \left( \frac{m_A}{2 \pi \times 100\si{\hertz}} \right),
\end{equation}
which indicates $\delta L_1$ is more significant in most of the frequency range.
The ratio becomes larger for the future detectors, whose arms are longer, and the improvements due to $\delta L_1$ are more pronounced as shown in the next section.

$\varphi(t; \bm{m})$ can be calculated just by replacing $\bm{n}$ by $\bm{m}$ in $\varphi(t; \bm{n})$, and the signal is given by
\begin{equation}
h(t)= h_1(t) + h_2(t),
\end{equation}
where
\begin{align}
&h_1(t) = \frac{2 \epsilon_D e}{m_A L} \frac{Q_D}{M} \sin^2\left(\frac{m_A L}{2}\right) \nonumber \\
&~~\times \sum_i A_i \left(\bm{n} \cdot \bm{e}_i - \bm{m} \cdot \bm{e}_i \right) \sin\left(\omega_i (t - L) + \phi_i\right),  \\
&h_2(t) = - \frac{\epsilon_D e}{m_A} \frac{Q_D}{M} \sum_i A_i \big( \left(\bm{n}\cdot\bm{e}_i\right) \left(\bm{n}\cdot\bm{k}_i\right) \nonumber \\
&~~-  \left(\bm{m}\cdot\bm{e}_i\right) \left(\bm{m}\cdot\bm{k}_i\right)\big) \cos \left(\omega_i (t-L) + \phi_i\right).
\end{align}
$h_1$ and $h_2$ come from $\delta L_1$ and $\delta L_2$ respectively, and $h_1$ is the new contribution to the signal.
Most of the detectors we consider form Fabry-P\'{e}rot cavities, which amplify the signal.
However, the amplification factors are taken into account in the sensitivity curves, and we do not need to consider them in calculating the signal.

\section{Future prospects} \label{sec:future}

We estimate the sensitivities achieved by the future gravitational-wave experiments, taking into account the new contribution $h_1$.
Here we consider advanced LIGO (aLIGO), Einstein telescope (ET) \cite{Hild:2010id}, Cosmic Explorer (CE) \cite{Evans:2016mbw}, DECIGO \cite{Kawamura:2006up} and LISA \cite{Audley:2017drz} as representative gravitational-wave detectors.

The signal keeps its coherence only for the finite time of $\tau$.
One of the detection methods suitable for this type of signal is the semi-coherent method \cite{Morisaki:2018htj, Miller:2020vsl}, where the whole data are split into segments whose lengths are $\sim \tau$ and the squares of the Fourier components calculated with the segments are summed up incoherently.
The detection threshold of the signal's amplitude with this detection method can be estimated with
\begin{equation}
\left<h^2\right> = \frac{S\left(\frac{m_A}{2\pi}\right)}{T_{\mathrm{eff}}}. \label{threshold}
\end{equation}
While the previous study \cite{Pierce:2018xmy} considered a different detection method, which correlates data from multiple detectors, the difference of the threshold amplitude is within an $\mathcal{O}(1)$ factor \cite{Morisaki:2018htj}.

$S(f)$ is the one-sided power spectral density (PSD) of noise in the $h(t)$ channel.
The PSDs for the representative detectors are shown in \figref{sensitivity}.
$T_{\mathrm{eff}}$ is the effective observation time given by
\begin{equation}
T_{\mathrm{eff}} = \begin{dcases}
\displaystyle T_{\mathrm{obs}}, & \left(T_{\mathrm{obs}} < \tau \right) \\
\displaystyle \sqrt{\tau T_{\mathrm{obs}}}, & \left(T_{\mathrm{obs}} \geq \tau \right) \
\end{dcases}
\end{equation}
where $T_{\mathrm{obs}}$ is the observational time.
$\left<h^2\right>$ is $h^2(t)$ averaged over time.
Averaging over random polarization and propagation directions, we can estimate it as follows,
\begin{align}
&\left< h^2 \right> = \left< h^2_1 \right> + \left< h^2_2 \right>, \label{hsquare} \\
&\left< h^2_1 \right> = \frac{8 \epsilon_D^2 e^2 \rho_{\mathrm{DM}}}{3 m_A^4 L^2} \frac{Q_D^2}{M^2} \sin^4 \left(\frac{m_A L}{2}\right) \left(1 - \bm{n} \cdot \bm{m}\right), \label{hsquare1} \\
&\left< h^2_2 \right> = \frac{2 \epsilon_D^2 e^2 v_{\mathrm{DM}}^2 \rho_{\mathrm{DM}}}{9 m_A^2} \frac{Q_D^2}{M^2} \left(1 - \left(\bm{n}\cdot\bm{m}\right)^2\right). \label{hsquare2}
\end{align}
The values of the arm length, $L$, for the representative detectors are listed in \tabref{armlength}.
$\bm{n} \cdot \bm{m}=0$ for aLIGO and CE, and $\bm{n} \cdot \bm{m}= 1/2$ for ET, DECIGO and LISA.

The future constraints on $|\epsilon_D|$ estimated with \eqref{threshold} are shown in \figref{future}.
Here, we assume the observation time of $2$ years and apply $v_{\mathrm{DM}}=230~\si{\kilo \metre.\second^{-1}}$, which is taken from \cite{Smith:2006ym} and applied in \cite{Pierce:2018xmy}.
For comparison, the constraints without the contribution from $h_1$ are shown as dashed lines.
The figure shows that the inclusion of $h_1$ significantly improves the constraints.
The factor by which the constraints are improved depends on the mass, and the maximum improvement factors are $470$, $880$, $1600$, $180$ and $1400$ for aLIGO, ET, CE, DECIGO and LISA respectively.
The improvements are more significant for ET and CE compared to aLIGO because they have longer arms.
The relatively significant improvement for LISA is due to its long arm length.
The contribution from $h_1$ is canceled at $m_A\simeq5\times10^{-16}~\si{\eV}$ for LISA, where the frequency of the signal is equal to the inverse of the one-way-trip time of the light.

While the constraints without the contribution from $h_1$ should correspond to those calculated in \cite{Pierce:2018xmy}, our constraints of LISA are significantly better than their $2$-$\sigma$ constraints.
After the error of a factor of 2 in their constraints on $\epsilon_D$, which was pointed out in \cite{Guo:2019ker}, is corrected, our constraints are better than their constraints by an order of magnitude at $m_A \gtrsim 10^{-16}~\si{eV}$.
The reasons for the difference are as follows:
(1) Our order-of-estimate constraints correspond to the $1$-$\sigma$ constraints in their analysis.
(2) They considered correlating the data from multiple channels, and the signal-to-noise ratio is degraded by a factor of the overlap reduction function \cite{Allen:1997ad}.
(3) The PSD they used is for gravitational-wave strain and increases in proportion to $f^2$ at high frequency due to the cancellation of the signal at $f \gtrsim (2 L)^{-1}$ \cite{Larson:1999we}. Such signal cancellation does not occur for $h_2$ of dark matter signal as its wavelength is much longer than that of gravitational waves with the same frequency.
(4) They averaged the amplitude of the signal over the directions of vector field and its momentum while they used the PSD averaged over the polarization angle and propagation direction of gravitational waves, which resulted in double counting of the geometric factor.

The current best constraints given by the EP tests are also shown as blue and orange lines in \figref{future}.
The figure shows that the $h_1$ contribution makes the future constraints better than the current best constraints by orders of magnitude for both $U(1)_B$ and $U(1)_{B-L}$ cases.
For reference, the constraints are improved by factors of $23000$, $2100$ and $27000$ at $m_A=10^{-16}~\si{\eV}$, $10^{-14}~\si{\eV}$ and $10^{-12}~\si{\eV}$ respectively for the $U(1)_B$ case, and $1900$, $180$ and $2200$ respectively for the $U(1)_{B-L}$ case.
Notably the inclusion of $h_1$ enables aLIGO to improve the constraints on the $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge coupling by an order of magnitude.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.95\hsize]{sensitivity.pdf}
  \caption{The one-sided power spectra of noise in the $h(t)$ channel given by \eqref{eq:hoft}. Those for advanced LIGO (aLIGO), Einstein Telescope (ET), Cosmic Explorer (CE) and DECIGO are taken from \cite{aligosensitivity}, \cite{Evans:2016mbw}, \cite{Essick:2017wyl} and \cite{Kawamura:2020pcg} respectively. The noise spectrum for LISA is calculated with the target acceleration and displacement noise level given in \cite{Audley:2017drz}.}
  \label{sensitivity}
\end{figure}

\begin{table}
    \caption{The arm length of the gravitational-wave detectors. All the values are in unit of $\si{\metre}$.}
\begin{ruledtabular}
\begin{tabular}{ccccc}
 aLIGO & ET & CE & DECIGO & LISA \\
\hline
$4\times10^3$ & $1\times10^4$ & $4 \times 10^4$ & $1 \times 10^6$ & $2.5 \times 10^9$ \\
\end{tabular}
\end{ruledtabular}
\label{armlength}
\end{table}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.95\hsize]{U1B.pdf}
\includegraphics[width=0.95\hsize]{U1B-L.pdf}
\caption{The constraints on the coupling constant given by the future gravitational-wave detectors. We assume the observation time of $2$ years. For comparison, the constraints given by the E\"ot-Wash experiment \cite{Schlamminger:2007ht, Wagner:2012ui} and the MICROSCOPE experiment \cite{Touboul:2017grn, Berge:2017ovy, Fayet:2017pdp}, which are the tests of the Equivalence Principle, are also shown. The shaded region has been already excluded. The dashed lines represent the constraints if the effects of the finite light-traveling time were not present. The upper figure shows the constraints for $U(1)_B$ and the lower one for $U(1)_{B-L}$.}
  \label{future}
\end{figure}

\section{Advanced LIGO O1} \label{sec:o1}

We update the constraints given by the O1 data of aLIGO by incorporating $h_1$.
The inclusion of $h_1$ improves the constraints by a factor of $\sqrt{\left(\left<h^2_1\right> + \left<h^2_2\right>\right) / \left<h^2_2\right>}$, and the improved constraints are shown as red lines in \figref{O1}.
The previously calculated constraints are also shown as green lines.
As seen in the figure, the inclusion of $h_1$ makes the O1 constraints on the $U(1)_B$ gauge coupling better than the current best constraints at $m_A\gtrsim2 \times 10^{-13}~\si{\eV}$ and better by an order of magnitude around $m_A = 10^{-12}~\si{\eV}$.
The improved O1 constraints on the $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge coupling are comparable to the current best constraints at $7 \times 10^{-13}~\si{\eV} \lesssim m_A \lesssim 5 \times 10^{-12}~\si{\eV}$.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.95\hsize]{U1B_O1.pdf}
\includegraphics[width=0.95\hsize]{U1B-L_O1.pdf}
  \caption{The constraints given by the LIGO O1, which are updated by the inclusion of the effect from the finite light-traveling time, are shown in red. The green lines represent the constraints previously calculated without the effect. The orange and blue lines represent the constraints from the Equivalence Principle tests. The upper figure is for the $U(1)_B$ case and the lower one is for the $U(1)_{B-L}$ case.}
  \label{O1}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusion} \label{sec:conclusion}

In this paper we have pointed out that the effect of the finite light-traveling time is crucial for calculating the signal produced by ultralight vector dark matter in a gravitational-wave detector.
By taking it into account properly we have calculated the new contribution to the signal.
Then we have estimated the future constraints on the gauge coupling given by gravitational-wave detectors incorporating the new contribution.
As a results, we have found that the new contribution significantly improves the future constraints given by gravitational-wave detectors.
The factor by which the constraints are improved depends on the mass of the vector dark matter, and the maximum improvement factors are $470$, $880$, $1600$, $180$ and $1400$ for aLIGO, ET, CE, DECIGO and LISA respectively.
These improvements make the future constraints better than the current best constraints from the EP tests by orders of magnitude.
Notably, it enables aLIGO to improve the constraints on the $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge coupling by an order of magnitude.

Finally, we have updated the constraints given by the aLIGO O1 data incorporating the new contribution.
The updated constraints on the $U(1)_B$ gauge coupling are better than the current best constraints by an order of magnitude around $m_A = 10^{-12}~\si{\eV}$.

\begin{acknowledgments}

This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 18H01224, 18K13537, 18K18763, 19J21974, 20H05850, 20H05854, 20H05859, and NSF PHY-1912649. H.N. is supported by the Advanced Leading Graduate Course for Photon Science, and I.O. is supported by the JSPS Overseas Research Fellowship.

\end{acknowledgments}

\bibliographystyle{apsrev4-1}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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/**
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});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Jainism as a religion had existed in Bengal—mainly in the Rarh region, for many centuries. Lord Mahavira himself is said to have travelled to Bengal, and if it be true, he must have preached the religion himself. A number of ancient Jain and Buddhist texts attest to the dominance of Jainism in the ancient Gouda kingdom. However, afterwards it lost much of its position in the triangular struggle involving the Brahminical Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism for dominance in various parts of the early medieval post-Pala period. In the 12th century Jainism received royal patronage from Anantavarman Choda-Ganga-Deva (1078 AD), the Odishan ruler who occupied the entire southwest Bengal up to the river Bhagirathi and created his second kingdom at Ambikanagar, Bankura. Many temples for the Digambara sect were built in Bankura and Purulia in the 11th and 12 century AD in honour of Parswanatha and Mahavira.
When I made a visit to pre-Islamic Jain temple complex near Kharagpur in the district of Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, I recalled the history. I had to recall because no record of this precious structures can be found. The local people think that the complex is more than a thousand years old. But when I related the historical data of the Odishan invasion of Bengal, it seems to me that the complex came into being in the 11th or 12th century AD and possibly not much later because the same Odishan kings who later on inclined towards Brahminical faith converted Jaina temples into Hindu temples for Shiva or Vishnu. Many temples in the course of time met this fate and images of Jain Tirthankaras came to be worshipped as the images of the Brahminical order like Vishnu, Shiva or Dharma Thakur. At some places attempts have been made to modify the images and in that process deformation took place. So, it may be presumed that the Jain temple complex of Jinsar either did not get any royal patronage and in that case it might have been built later on. But in the case of its getting the royal support it must have been built in the closing years of the 11th century or in the early part of the 12th century. I also found similar construction materials and techniques in two other places in this region—the remnants of a temple complex in Raibonia Fort, Odisha and the Kurumbera Fort at Keshiary, Paschim Medinipur.
Whether the Jinsar complex was primarily a temple complex is not certain. Idols have long been removed and only a fragment of a minor sculpture is put there which was being worshipped till a few years ago by the modern Jain followers of Medinipur. That the complex is situated on the bank of the river Kansai indicates its location on a trading route. It is well known that some Jain temples in those times functioned as a financial establishment. However, the complex might have been built as an abode of the travelling Jain Shramans or Sanayasis and some arrangements might have been there for them.
Sadly the complex is now completely abandoned and it stands on the mercy of nature and the local people who do not have any religious or cultural attachment to the beautiful structure. Many stone slabs are found dislocated and people use them for various daily purposes. I found strong destructive vegetation growing threateningly all over the complex and if not taken care of, the trees growing on them will tear it apart.
I talked with some academicians about it and found that they know almost nothing about it. The modern Jain communities of Kharagpur and Midnapore must be either ignorant of its existence or apathetic to it. Otherwise, this beautiful and sacred architectural specimen must have drawn their attention. Finally, I found no restoration or conservation initiatives by the Govt. agencies. It is strange that they are mainly concerned with the preservation of colonial heritage in and around Kolkata. The tourism department (does it exist at all!) could have linked it with the Pathra site just on the opposite bank of the river and made a very attractive tourism destination. But no such effort is in sight. The Bengalis feel proud of the Muslim and British rule here, but they perhaps cannot accept the fact that for many years a considerable portion of Bengal was under the Oriya kings and many people for many years lived within the culture they created.
Tarun Tapas Mukherjee is Assistant Professor, Bhatter College, Dantan, Paschim Medinipur.


This is a placeholder page for Michael Oneill, which means this person is not currently on this site. We do suggest using the tools below to find Michael Oneill.
You are visiting the placeholder page for Michael Oneill. This page is here because someone used our placeholder utility to look for Michael Oneill. We created this page automatically in hopes Michael Oneill would find it. If you are not Michael Oneill, but are an alumni of Century High School Hillsboro, OR, register on this site for free now.


Toni Costa found out this sad fact the hard way. Adamari López's partner Instagrammed an adorable snap of him and his 4 year old daughter Alaïa behind the wheel of a car.
Granted, many comments were kind and supportive but other people couldn't resist criticizing the child's hair.
One follower suggested that it could be better brushed.
Many people jumped to his defense, and understood how busy parents are.
First Lopez was body shamed (the cancer survivor is currently trying to lose weight in front of her Telemundo viewers) now baby shamed. Sheesh.
You can watch her progress on Un Nuevo Dia (but try to be nice if you're commenting).


text:
Q: Import module missing when running python script from SSH I have a peculiar scenario where I have to run a remote script in server B from my linux client 'C'. Catch is that I can reach server B only through server A (as B is in an isolated network reachable only through a DMZ server 'A').
Currently when I run the following command it seems to work perfectly fine:
C-SERVER-PROMPT# ssh user@A ssh user@B hostname

Here I get server 'B's name as output as expected. However, when I try to run a python script on server 'B', it fails with error stating that it cannot find modules to import.
Is ther a way to pass location of module-location when executing python script remotely using SSH ?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
mod arena;
pub use arena::*;

/// Aligns the given address to the alignment for the given type.
///
/// `align` must be a power of two; otherwise, the returned value
/// will be well-defined but unspecified.
///
/// This function will always return a value greater than or equal to `addr`.
/// This invariant is always maintained, even if it would cause an unaligned
/// value to be returned.
#[inline]
pub(in crate) fn align_to(addr: usize, align: usize) -> usize {
    let mask = align.wrapping_sub(1);
    let (addr, overflow) = addr.overflowing_add(mask);
    if overflow {
        return usize::MAX;
    }
    addr & !mask
}

/// Computes how far `addr` is from having `align` alignment; that is,
/// how many bytes must `addr` be incremented by to be aligned.
///
/// `align` must be a power of two; otherwise, the returned value
/// will be well-defined but unspecified.
///
/// There is no guarantee that `addr + misalign(addr, n)` will not overflow.
#[inline]
pub(in crate) fn misalign_of(addr: usize, align: usize) -> usize {
    let mask = align.wrapping_sub(1);
    align - (addr & mask)
}


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We have a big workday this Saturday on the new purple pad for hole 10. Guy is ready to build the new raised tee box but we need help and lots of it. No Machete or clippers needed but bring your shovels, we need to move lots of dirt and rocks. Guy is planning to be there early to setup the foundation so if you can be ther before 9 do it I'm sure Guy won't mind the help. This is going to be one of the big fixtures for DEPC so don't let us down the club will provide water so no one dies but we need you to provide some muscle even if you can only help an hour come out we'll be there all morning.
Supposed to hit the beach Saturday with the wife, but I might be able to sneak out for an hour or so early in the morning.


As the Baker-Polito Administration's liaison to local officials, I am excited to write to you about some early actions our Administration has taken to support municipalities and local officials.
On our first day in office, we released $100 million in Chapter 90 funds, for a total $300 million annual commitment to local roads and bridges. Second, Governor Baker signed his first Executive Order creating a Community Compact Cabinet (Cabinet) during the Massachusetts Municipal Association's Annual Meeting. Third, the Baker-Polito Administration elevated the Division of Local Services within the Department of Revenue, and we're thrilled that your colleague, Brookline Deputy Town Administrator Sean Cronin, has agreed to become Senior Deputy Commissioner for the Division of Local Services.
As chair of the Cabinet, I will champion local government issues throughout the Administration and will work with you to create a true partnership between the state and cities and towns. Together, we will work to identify best practices and innovations that provide better, more effective government both at the local and state level.
The Baker-Polito Administration will use the Cabinet to bring together the relevant high-level state officials to develop and execute our commitments to municipalities. One task I will highlight is that we are working to identify unfunded mandates, onerous regulations, and bottlenecks in state government that inhibit the success of your cities and towns. In March, the Division of Local Services will circulate a survey to seek your input.
To hear directly from local leaders, I've already started a statewide tour to meet with municipal officials and I hope to be able to connect with you soon. I am eager to hear your ideas about how we can help you grow the economy, provide a quality education for every child, and responsibly manage your community's budget.
I have attached a summary of the Executive Order, and I look forward to working with you to create a great Massachusetts.


text:
wiard Archive
The Wiard World of Cary Grace (Part Two)
By Bill Kopp
interview, prog
Continued from Part One… Grace describes Wiard products as "boutique, made-to-order units. Somebody will get in touch with me and let me know what modules they want, and put down a deposit," she says. "And then—or at the point where I clear whatever I'm working on—I'll start building. Every single single solder connection is made
The Wiard World of Cary Grace (Part One)
Cary Grace has followed a winding and unlikely path to arrive at her current situation. Born and raised in the American south, she's currently living the the United Kingdom. And though her musical career started out in the Nashville singer-songwriter scene, today she makes progressive rock albums. Grace also owns and operates Wiard, a boutique

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Is Shopware 6 Uploaded Media Stored In The Database? Where exactly are the (product) image files stored? I can't find the images in my Shopware 6 installation folders. If it is in the database, explain how it is done and which table because I have looked at the media table and can't seem to decode where the image file is.

A: Public files are saved in public/media, while private files are in files/media.
the env variable SHOPWARE_CDN_STRATEGY_DEFAULT defines how the files are saved.
For example:
SHOPWARE_CDN_STRATEGY_DEFAULT=id

A: As @zabus wrote, this is dependent on the CDN strategy.
Those strategies are implemented in https://github.com/shopware/platform/tree/trunk/src/Core/Content/Media/Pathname/PathnameStrategy, in case you want to know in detail how a path is generated, which happens on-the-fly.
There is a WIP pull request to store the final path in the database.


Petty Officer 2nd Class Matthew Masaschi Coast Guard Pacific Area Commander Vice Adm. Fred Midgette, Capt. Nathan Moore and Capt. Craig Wieschhorster (left to right) stand aboard the Coast Guard Cutter Stratton following a change of command ceremony last Thursday.
Capt. Craig Wieschhorster relieved Capt. Nathan Moore as commander of the Coast Guard Cutter Stratton, a 418-foot National Security Cutter homeported in Alameda in a change-of-command ceremony held last Thursday, June 8.


"Some painters transform the sun into a yellow spot, others transform a yellow spot into the sun."
Ohhh we like that quote and some Aunty's make the bestest and brightest menorise of yellow!
Picasso says true!! What a beautiful job you have done turning a spot into a sun!!
I agree with LLB! What a glorious picture of the sun!
The sun. I think I saw her yesterday. Briefly! Made me feel happier.
Those colours say spring to me.
I love your work, or is it play?! I began a drawing at my client's hose. Then didn't finish. Her brother died, I spent a lot of energy chippering her up. She did so well by him, her younger brother. A very funny story, really. The family popped him into long-term care (it was time). He was happy, even though it was like pulling teeth to get him there. Then, he found a girlfriend. The eldest sister (96) was horrified! (They were holding hands.) He was happy in his last days.
Lovely interpretation of the quote.


Our compliance system also acts as a secure place to retain all your communications with regulators. Save and upload attachments, maintain registers and keep abreast of all your correspondence. You can also control which members of the team can access the material that's relevant to them.


Adorable Northwest Home. You will love this 4 bedroom, 2 bath and 2 car garage home. This property features a great room with fireplace, dining area and cute kitchen with plenty of cabinet space. The master bedroom offers a walk in closet, access to the backyard and a spacious master bath with a skylight, double sink and a sunken tub with shower. The backyard offers a covered patio and nice landscaping. A must see.


text:
Schloss Goldbach – Promis viel zu nah ist eine Sketch-Comedy-Show, die seit 2022 vom Fernsehsender Sat.1 ausgestrahlt wird.

Die Sendung parodiert diverse prominente Persönlichkeiten, wobei der Unterschied zu Formaten wie Switch, Switch Reloaded und Binge Reloaded darin liegt, dass die Promis in einem eher privaten Umfeld auf die Schippe genommen werden.

Staffel 1 wurde vom 27. Juli bis zum 17. August 2022 mit 4 Folgen wöchentlich ausgestrahlt.

Konzept
Um einen roten Faden zwischen den einzelnen Sketchen zu ermöglichen, ist die Sketch-Comedy-Serie im fiktiven Selbstoptimierungs-Institut Schloss Goldbach angesiedelt, in denen sich die Promis von ihrem stressigen Alltag mithilfe von Musiktherapie, Gesprächsrunden oder Wellness-Anwendungen erholen können. Darüber hinaus werden aber auch Sketche, losgelöst von der Szenerie Schloss Goldbachs, wie zum Beispiel fiktive Set-Aufnahmen oder private Alltagssituationen aufgegriffen.

Parodierte Persönlichkeiten
 Dieter Bohlen und Carina Walz
 Hans Sigl
 Karl Lauterbach
 Claudia Obert
 Markus Lanz
 Joko und Klaas
 Rezo
 Capital Bra
 Carsten Maschmeyer und Veronica Ferres
 Judith Williams
 Verona Pooth
 Andrea Kiewel
 Guido Maria Kretschmer
 Evelyn Burdecki
 Helene Fischer und Thomas Seitel
 Pietro Lombardi
 Calvin Kleinen
 Marietta Slomka
 Palina Rojinski
 MontanaBlack
 Ehrlich Brothers

Weblinks
 Schloss Goldbach bei Sat.1

Fernsehsendung (Sat.1)
Fernsehsendung der 2020er Jahre
Comedy-Fernsehsendung

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Road Songs for Lovers è un album in studio del musicista britannico Chris Rea, pubblicato nel 2017.

Tracce

Collegamenti esterni


text:
Is attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder among men associated with initiation or escalation of substance use at 15-month follow-up? A longitudinal study involving young Swiss men
Vogel, Tanja; Dom, Geert; van de Glind, Geurt; Studer, Joseph; Gmel, Gerhard; Strik, Werner; Moggi, Franz (2016). Is attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder among men associated with initiation or escalation of substance use at 15-month follow-up? A longitudinal study involving young Swiss men. Addiction, 111(10), pp. 1867-1878. Wiley-Blackwell 10.1111/add.13422
add13422.pdf - Published Version
Available under License Creative Commons: Attribution-Noncommercial (CC-BY-NC).
Background and Aims: Young adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) show higher substance use disorder (SUD) prevalence relative to non-ADHD controls; few longitudinal studies have examined the course of substance use with reference to conduct disorder (CD). We compared initiation and escalation of substance use at 15-month follow up in men screened positive or negative for ADHD (ADHD+ vs. ADHD-), controlling for CD presence in early adolescence. Design: Participants were recruited during August 2010 and November 2011 from the census of all young men who have to pass mandatory army conscription from three out of six Swiss Army recruitment centres. A two-wave data collection was performed via questionnaires at baseline and 15-month follow up as a part of the longitudinal Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors. Setting: Recruitment centres in Lausanne, Windisch, and Mels, responsible for twenty-one cantons in German- and French-speaking areas of Switzerland. Participants: Consecutive sample of 5,103 male Swiss Army conscripts who provided informed consent and responded to questionnaires at baseline and 15-month follow-up. Their mean age was 20.0 (SD = 1.21) years at baseline. Measurements: ADHD and CD were assessed using the adult ADHD Self-Report Scale and the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus questionnaire, respectively, at baseline, and substance use was measured via self-administered substance use questionnaires at baseline and follow up. Findings: Compared with the ADHD- group, the ADHD+ group (n = 215, 4.2%) showed heavier baseline substance use and increased likelihood of alcohol (Chi2=53.96;p<0.001), tobacco (Chi2=21.73;p<0.001), and cannabis use disorders (Chi2=48.43;p<0.001). The extent of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use in the two groups remained stable from baseline to follow-up (no escalation). The ADHD+ group was more likely to initiate substance use as compared to with the ADHD- group (higher initiation rates), particularly with amphetamines (OR=3.81; 95% CI 2.20-6.60; p<0.001) and non-medical use of ADHD medication (OR=4.45; 95% CI 2.06-9.60; p<0.001). CD was associated with initiation of substance use but did not mediate the associations between ADHD and substance use, revealing that the impact of ADHD on substance use was independent of CD. Conclusions: For men in their early twenties, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a risk factor for continued heavier but not escalating use of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis when already consuming these substances, compared with young men with no ADHD. It is also a risk factor for initiating the use of cannabis, stimulants, hallucinogens, and sedatives, independent of conduct disorder in early adolescence.
166 since deposited on 21 Sep 2016
63 in the past 12 months
Journal Article (Original Article)
04 Faculty of Medicine > University Psychiatric Services > University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy > Management
04 Faculty of Medicine > University Psychiatric Services > University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
04 Faculty of Medicine > University Psychiatric Services > University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy > Translational Research Center
Strik, Werner and Moggi, Franz
600 Technology > 610 Medicine & health
Franz Moggi
10.1111/add.13422
ADHD; conduct disorder; longitudinal study; substance use; substance use disorders; young men
BORIS DOI:
10.7892/boris.88011
https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/88011


Order your own private label coffee for friends, business associates, customers or resale! It's real good!
At Core Hollow Coffee, we provide "private label" wholesale gourmet coffees to businesses, retailers and non profit organizations for high quality, personalized promotions, "thank yous" and fund raising events as well as for retail sales.
Good lookin' old women drink Core Hollow Coffee!
I have been drinking coffee for years! Some of those decades were spent off the grid on Core Hollow Farm, way out there in the wild, boiling up hobo coffee on the wood stove. I used one of those old-fashioned ceramic pots. I just filled it with water, dumped in the grounds, and boiled it. It is recommended to use a strainer when pouring it into a cup, but I've done it both ways. Just let the grounds settle. There is nothing like settling back in a chair on a chilly fall morning, the smell of coffee perking, that feel of hot iron, the crackle of coals moving in the firebox, pushing out the comfort of warm air.
To tell the truth, the need to sit and stare with a cup of coffee for at least a half-hour in the morning before moving on is a requirement for me. If I have to get to work earlier, I get up earlier to get my staring in.
Which proves, if you think about it, that we can always make room for the important needs in our lives!
And yes, I have moved on from Core Hollow Farm, but not from coffee, particularly Core Hollow Coffee! I love that little boost, that wonderful flavor, the fresh-ground organic simplicity that says starting my day is really worthwhile!
I keep it simple, no sugar or cream. If I used either of those, I would weigh 300 pounds and have no teeth left! I do drink a lot of coffee, friends. So naturally, I think coffee is a wonderful gift to myself, and to others.
Enjoy a steaming cup today!


I am currently a senior at Althoff Catholic High School. I decided to take CEO for the firsthand experience of running a business and seeing if I would be interested in pursuing a career in business.
I am an active member of my school and love to be involved in events and activities. I am in the National Honor Society, Student Council, Latin Club, and Fellowship of Christian Athletes.
I am a very outgoing and passionate person. In groups, I give my all to help everyone else succeed. I plan on going to college and majoring in engineering.


While the wrong types of shoes may not directly cause bunions, they can be the reason why they become worse. Long-term use of shoes that do not have the proper foot support can lead the bunion becoming larger, stiffer, and more painful.
So what actually causes bunions?
While the exact cause is unknown, it seems that genetics, injuries to the big toe joint, and excessive pressure to the forefoot causes the big toe to begin pointing toward the other toes. The bony spur develops as a response to direct pressure, improper healing, or as a support to the big toe joint.
Then what types of shoes make bunion symptoms worse?
High heels (higher than 2 inches) – Wearing high heels puts an extraneous strain on the forefoot, especially at the big toe joint. The extra pressure can cause inflammation and pain after even just a few minutes. Eventually, it can cause the bony spur to get bigger and more painful.
Narrow and/or pointed-toe shoes – While some shoes seem very fashionable and trendy by being pointy or narrow, it's not actually the right shape for your feet. Forcing your feet to spend the day walking in narrow or pointy shoes can further force your big toe to point toward your other toes.
Tight shoes or shoes that are small for you - Don't forget that your feet swell a little bit throughout the day, so it's best to find shoes that fit you in the afternoon. Additionally, some shoes do not come in half sizes, so you may have to size up or down. Be careful with sizing down since your feet (and bunions) need space to feel comfortable.
Stiff, non-adjustable shoes – Shoes with elastic material, straps, or laces will allow you to adjust your shoes to comfort as the day goes on. Again, tight shoes will only make bunion symptoms worse! If your bunion becomes inflamed, you'll want to give your feet some breathing room by adjusting them.
Flats – Ballerina flats and other flat shoes that do not have arch support can cause more pressure on the big toe joint. If you prefer to wear flats, try adding arch support inserts to feel more comfortable.
What is the lesson learned? If you have bunions, don't make them worse with the wrong shoes. Try looking for footwear that is low-heeled, comfortable, roomy for your toes, supportive for your arches, and adjustable throughout the day.
Of course, those with severe bunions already should speak with our podiatrist for the best solution. You may need custom orthotic shoes to fit severely deformed feet. Surgery might even be necessary if bunions really get in the way of your life.
We can help you! Make an appointment by calling (410) 721-4505 to see our board-certified podiatrist, Dr. Brad Toll at Crofton Podiatry. Come to visit our Crofton, MD office, which also serves the surrounding areas of Gambrills, Odenton, and Bowie areas.
Gout can be a very debilitating condition to have. It can affect your daily life and require you to make many changes to your lifestyle. This form of arthritis is caused by a buildup of uric acid in your joints. It commonly affects your feet, especially your big toe joint. However, it can also affect other joints like the ankles and knees as well.
Do your best to avoid increasing the risk of a gout attack. However, if you have indulged a bit, you may want to take steps to reduce your chance of a prolonged and painful attack. This is especially the case for those who experience gout without warning, even being woken up by sudden painful gout attacks.
Hydrate! Drink lots and lots of water to assist you in flushing out excess uric acid.
Exercise! If symptoms have not fully set in, but you feel an attack coming on, you'll want to keep moving (walk around) in order to promote circulation. It will help you prevent large uric acid buildup. However, if symptoms have set in and you are in pain, it's best to rest.
Rest! If you're already in pain, sit and elevate your feet. An excess strain on painful joints will worsen the gout attack.
Use ice packs or cold compresses and/or take NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) to reduce inflammation and pain.
Once you've been diagnosed with gout, you should keep up with a healthy lifestyle and diet. Keep up with your medications to reduce your chance of a gout attack. However, if you need additional assistance with foot care for gout, make an appointment at our Crofton, MD office to see our board-certified podiatrist, Dr. Brad Toll. At Crofton Podiatry, we will use the latest treatment options to assess and take care of your foot and ankle care needs. Contact our dedicated team at our Crofton, MD office, which also serves the surrounding areas of Gambrills, Odenton, and Bowie, MD.


text:
Click frenzy: Amaysim asks tyrekickers to formalise interest
Sarah Thompson, Anthony Macdonald and Tim Boyd
Apr 15, 2020 – 9.32pm
It's nearly five years since Macquarie analysts dubbed Amaysim Australia "Simply amaysim" in a hyped-up pitch that helped the mobile network reseller find a home on the ASX boards.
Since then, it's been mostly one-way traffic for suffering shareholders, and the company and its investors may finally have had enough.
Andrew Reitzer has chaired Amaysim Australia since its listing in 2015. Erin Jonasson
Street Talk understands Amaysim has called in its bankers and asked them to try to shore up some strategic interest in the group, in an effort to create value for shareholders.
It is understood Amaysim has set up a data room and is taking a handful of interested parties through due diligence, to test once and for all whether there is an investor willing to inject capital into the business or buy the whole lot.
The way bidders tell it, Amaysim has sought to drive all their attention to the company's electricity and gas retailer, Click Energy, in a pitch that is about as far away from Macquarie's mid-2015 offering as you can find.
Back then, it was all about Amaysim the "fast-growing mobile virtual network operator" with 639,000 mobile customers and the fourth biggest player in Australia behind Telstra, Optus and Vodafone.
Now, it's fast-growing Click, which it acquired in April 2017 for $120 million and accounts for more than half the group's net revenue, gross profit and underlying EBITDA. And Macquarie – and Goldman Sachs for that matter, which also ran the 2015 IPO – is nowhere to be seen.
Luminis Partners is understood to be handling the process, which is more bespoke than a standard two-part auction. Prospective acquirers reckon it's more a sign of the times than Amaysim's interest in finding a cashed-up predator.
Street Talk is aware of interest from private equity, who see Amaysim as a turnaround play, as well as energy retailers. Click makes nearly three-quarters of its revenue by reselling electricity to customers in NSW, Queensland and Victoria.
The question, though, is whether any of the tyrekickers can firm up their indicative interest in light of the economic environment and financial market conditions.
Amaysim shares closed at 32¢ on Wednesday, and have traded below $1 for much of the past two years. The July 2015 IPO was at $1.80 a share.
The trading performance has put Amaysim in the "deep value" bucket, although it has been able to retain Fidelity International as a substantial shareholder. Its biggest investor is Germany's TGV with a 19.2 per cent stake.
Get a first look at tomorrow's headlines
Sign up to the Street Talk First Look newsletter
Sarah Thompson has co-edited Street Talk since 2009, specialising in private equity, investment banking, M&A and equity capital markets stories. Prior to that, she spent 10 years in London as a markets and M&A reporter at Bloomberg and Dow Jones. Email Sarah at sarah.thompson@afr.com
Anthony Macdonald co-edits Street Talk, specialising in private equity, investment banking, M&A and equity capital markets. He has 10 years' experience as a business journalist and worked at PwC, auditing and advising financial services companies. Connect with Anthony on Twitter. Email Anthony at a.macdonald@afr.com
Tim Boyd is a journalist based in Sydney who writes for the Street Talk column. Connect with Tim on Twitter. Email Tim at tim.boyd@afr.com
Amaysim
More on Amaysim
Executive shake-up
Slattery to step down as Superloop chairman
The telecoms player will replace him with former Amaysim boss Peter O'Connell.
AGL to offer home insurance
Soon-to-be-demerged AGL Energy is expanding to home insurance, launching a partnership with Honey Insurance in another move to expand its utility services.
See all Amaysim news
Latest Street Talk
See all Street Talk


text:
=======
Credits
=======

Development Lead
----------------

* Ryan <compton.ryan@gmail.com>

Contributors
------------

None yet. Why not be the first?


Supreme Court nominee, Judge Brett Kavanaugh, is no fan of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB).
While serving as a Judge on the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, Kavanaugh was an outspoken critic of the CFPB's centralization of power and overall dubious constitutionality. The Judge even went on so far to publicly rename the title of the CFPB Director to the "President of Consumer Finance" due to the unilateral power and lack of oversight and accountability that the director has.
If appointed to the Supreme Court, Justice Kavanaugh could do much more than implement a simple title change.
Since its formation after the financial crisis in 2008, the CFPB has had enormous, unilateral control over American businesses, consumers, and the overall U.S. economy. The Bureau's sole director has the power to regulate just about any consumer product within the financial industry, including mortgages, credit cards, personal loans, and other consumer products. In just the first six years of its inception, the Bureau managed to create over $2.8 billion in regulatory costs from only 26 regulations; proving how costly and burdening the Bureau can be.
During his tenure with the D.C. Court of Appeals, Kavanaugh had a strong history of siding with free market policies over the overreaching government. One way–which Judge Kavanaugh demonstrated by stating in a previous district court ruling–is that cost-benefit analysis should be conducted in all agency rulemakings.
This precedent would be an important implementation for all CFPB rulemaking. Consider the CFPB's regulation of payday lenders. 12 million Americans rely on payday loans to get from paycheck to paycheck. Yet under former Obama-era director Richard Cordray Richard Adams CordrayThe road to the White House still goes through Ohio Rep. Tim Ryan announces presidential run Sherrod Brown says he will not run for president MORE, the CFPB finalized a rule that would have eliminated up to 75 percent of the industry without even bothering to consider the impact on millions of people who would no longer have access to credit. A simple cost-benefit analysis done prior to the CFPB Payday loan rule would have determined that the rule posed an enormous economic burden to both lenders and consumers alike.
But more than just the overburdening and costly regulations that the CFPB created, Kavanaugh has continued to question the constitutionality of the CFPB.
While on the bench in the DC Circuit, Judge Kavanaugh declared the CFPB to be "unconstitutionally structured" in a case involving a New Jersey mortgage service provider, PHH Corporation. While this decision was later overturned, it set an important notion that has made many policymakers further question the structure of the Bureau and its sole director.
Since its creation, the CFPB has not only remained unaccountable and its Director almost unstoppable, the agency also continues to be a hostile work environment plagued with a history of discrimination allegations based on gender, age, race, and sexual orientation. The Bureau's power, authority, and workplace must be reined in and changed.
Judge Kavanaugh is a principled and honest defender of individual liberty and Constitutional separation of powers. If confirmed, Kavanaugh's views of the CFPB will most certainly carry over with him to the US Supreme Court; while the future of the CFPB's power and structure, remain uncertain.


So what's been going on in the world of Tumble and Rose?
I both kicked off the month and finished the month at Old Spitalfields market in London with Urban Makers. The first date I did was Sunday 3rd and I wasn't entirely sure what to expect! The stands are absolutely beautiful wooden configurations which I knew would go well with my displays but I wasn't prepared for quite how much space I'd have – I was also worried about being covered in pigeon poop as I was warned this was an issue – luckily I escaped poop free! The market itself wasn't my most successful to date, as I think people tend to grab a coffee and flowers and just have a look around as opposed to intense shopping (which I also desperately wanted to do) but I met some absolutely lovely people, and a girl from Spain who follows me on Instagram sent her parents to find me, which absolutely made my day!
he following weekend saw the introduction of my private teaching sessions – my first student Molly came in to the studio for her 13th birthday and learnt a range of silver techniques, leaving with a celestial jewellery set she made herself – drop me a note if you'd like to have a private workshop – I'm doing wedding rings next month for a lovely couple, so if you have an idea, let me know!
March also saw the start of my workshops at the Sorting Office. I ran both botanical candle making and silver stamping on the 23rd and was super nervous, however they went better than I could have asked for! It was a really long day as I didn't sleep the night before and was running around on my feet but both groups were absolutely lovely, with a great atmosphere and everything went exactly to plan, with lots of positive and useful feedback to help me shape future classes. I also re-ran the candle making three times on Mother's Day. The next date for candles if you'd like to grab a ticket is the 16th June.
The day after my workshops, I set up shop in West Quay with ShopCreative for the first time– it wasn't the most successful pop up I've ever done as it was SUCH a lovely day outside, but I met some really great new people, saw some familiar faces and the stalls were lovely. Lisa did a great job of organising!
Also new for this month is my free tumblestone with each order of jewellery if you place it through my website! The reason for this is that some platforms charge quite high fees, so it just works out better for me if you order here – it's a win/win as I get to continue making pretty things as my business survives, and you get a free crystal!
My favourite customer picture of the month for March is this great shot of the Stripey Top Club pin by @emmafleas - congrats – I've sent you a DM!
To enter next months's competition to win a lucky dip pin or ring, take a photo of your favourite Tumble and Rose item, post it on Instagram and tag us @tumbleandrose #tumbleandrose – I'll chose my favourite for April at the end of the month.
For James' birthday we went to Incognito which is an awesome secret gin bar in Winchester, then explored the Bombay Sapphire distillery the next day. I also went to my first drag show with the wonderful Sharon Needles, joined 9round which is a cool kickboxing gym, found out I need glasses and got super caffinated at the London Coffee Festival. Busy month!


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Football Manager Touch is back and it's coming to Apple Arcade
Apple Arcade set for Football Manager touch return Table of Contents Table of Contents On the 8th of September we saw the official announcement for Football Manager 2023, along with its release date – the 8th November. This announcement also came with the news that Football Manager Touch is coming […]
Apple Arcade set for Football Manager touch return
On the 8th of September we saw the official announcement for Football Manager 2023, along with its release date – the 8th November.
This announcement also came with the news that Football Manager Touch is coming back to tablets, after last year it was only available on the Nintendo Switch.
What was most exciting about this announcement is Football Manager is not only coming back to tablets, but it will also be available as part of the Apple Arcade subscription service.
As it stands we know for sure that Football Manager Touch – the Tablet and Nintendo Switch edition of the game – will be available on Apple Arcade.
For now it is still unknown if the mobile version of the game will also be available for those who play the game on their phones.
How much is Apple Arcade?
Apple Arcade is £4.99/$4.99 a month, whereas the last time Football Manager Touch was released on iOS it cost £21.99/$28.99. This is significantly more than the subscription service costs.
NOW READ: What new features we want to see from Football Manager 2023.
Football Manager Touch may cost even more this year too after the PC/Mac version of the game has gone up by £5/$5.
It is still unknown if this price increase is only going to be on the full version of the game, but it being on Apple Arcade will certainly make it more accessible for some users.
WePC is reader-supported. When you buy through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Learn more
Sun Sep 11 , 2022
To screen record on Mac, use the Screenshot Toolbar or QuickTime Player. Both built-in apps allow you to turn on your Mac's internal microphone to add narration. You can also third-party screen recording apps like Apowersoft Screen Recorder, Snagit, and Loom. Say you want to capture something on your Mac […]
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This issue, as experienced by multiple other people in the community, starting all the way in 2016 has still not being fixed, and occurs to me at least every couple months - this greatly impacts my development ability, and I'm sure it does so for multiple people. The hotfixes released by unity do not solve the issue, nor do different versions of unity, so this must be a hub issue.
182 People are following this question.


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Carmelo Anthony on chasing his first ring with the Lakers: 'It's a must have'
14 September 2021, 1:08 pm ·4-min read
Carmelo Anthony, the newest member of the Los Angeles Lakers, joined the "Posted Up with Chris Haynes" podcast to discuss his time in Portland, the teams that showed interest in him during free agency, the advice he gave Damian Lillard before the star recommitted to running it back, and the story behind publishing his first memoir, "Where Tomorrows Aren't Promised" that is available now.
"I really wanted readers to kind of step into my living room, my family gatherings," Anthony said on the podcast. "I'm letting people into a different world of mine. We have a perspective from the outside of what it took — but now I'm giving it to you from my perspective. Stuff I've kept near and dear because it's a sacred world ... I never wanted to put my community at jeopardy or have people looking at us crazy. So for me, I wanted to learn more, too. As I was writing and teaching, I was learning more about historical events in those times. The timeline from when I was born to when I shook [David] Stern's hand."
His journey now takes him to Los Angeles.
This summer, his good friend LeBron James reached out and told him it was time for them to partner up. Before that call, Anthony said his heart was set on returning to Portland.
"To be honest, I found myself sitting around and waiting on Portland ... I was just waiting to see if they were interested," Anthony said. "... There were a lot of things happening that was just not clear. I made [Portland] almost like a home for me. Within two years, I felt like I was a part of that community."
When asked if management ever contacted the future Hall of Famer, he replied, "No, not the way I thought. But honestly, I wasn't expecting it. And that's the main message in my book: having perspective when losing things, losing people. ... The connection you lose a lot in sports because there's no communication. There's no loyalty. Not to say Portland did anything wrong, but I was sitting around because I'm a loyal person. I didn't want to leave Dame and CJ [McCollum] and those guys. But I know the business."
Lillard faced the most critical offseason of his career.
The disappointment of losing in the first round to a shorthanded Denver Nuggets squad left the star questioning his future with the franchise. Lillard longs to bring a championship to Portland, but he's never played on a roster to realistically compete for one.
Carmelo Anthony said in his conversations with former teammate Damian Lillard, Lillard "never talked about leaving [Portland]. What he talked about is, 'I want to win.' " (Alika Jenner/Getty Images)
As a player who's been in Lillard's shoes, it was only right that Anthony lent his former teammate some advice that he preferred to keep between the two.
"You know our friendship. We talk all the time. It was never, 'We're getting out of here.' It will always be Portland," Anthony said of Lillard. "The next [star player in Portland] will have to do a lot. That's his town, his organization, his city. And I'm coming to him as someone who's been [in his situation] a couple of times in different places. He's never talked about leaving. What he talked about is, 'I want to win.' "
And though the Trail Blazers didn't show much interest this time around, they were the lone franchise that gave Anthony a shot in November 2019 when it looked as if he was exiled out of the league. And for two seasons with the club, the 10-time All-Star took advantage and revitalized his career to the point where he had multiple suitors in free agency.
"New York was always there, always a story," Anthony said. "I told my son when he made it to high school, I'd be there. Philly, I didn't get a chance to converse with Philly, but there was interest. New Orleans had interest. It felt good to see that again and being a part of teams being interested in me when 18-20 months again, it was nobody."
Anthony has accomplished just about all there is to accomplish in his profession. He's a collegiate national champion, won a scoring title and is a three-time Olympic gold medalist. There's one obvious significant accolade missing.
"The only thing I don't have is a championship," Anthony told Yahoo Sports. "I've won at every level. [If I signed somewhere else], I had to really come to grips and say, 'If I walk away [from the game without a title], I'm cool.' Now that I'm with the Lakers, it's a must have. There's no question about it. We gotta get it. It's go time now. I gotta think about it every second of the day."
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Health[at]Scale lands $16M Series A to bring machine learning to healthcare
Health[at]Scale, a startup with founders who have both medical and engineering expertise, wants to bring machine learning to bear on healthcare treatment options to produce outcomes with better results and less aftercare. Today the company announced a $16 million Series A. Optum, which is part of the UnitedHealth Group, was the sole investor .
Today, when people looks at treatment options, they may look at a particular surgeon or hospital, or simply what the insurance company will cover, but they typically lack the data to make truly informed decisions. This is true across every part of the healthcare system, particularly in the U.S. The company believes using machine learning, it can produce better results.
"We are a machine learning shop, and we focus on what I would describe as precision delivery. So in other words, we look at this question of how do we match patients to the right treatments, by the right providers, at the right time," Zeeshan Syed, Health at Scale CEO told TechCrunch.
The founders see the current system as fundamentally flawed, and while they see their customers as insurance companies, hospital systems and self-insured employers; they say the tools they are putting into the system should help everyone in the loop get a better outcome.
The idea is to make treatment decisions more data driven. While they aren't sharing their data sources, they say they have information from patients with a given condition, to doctors who treat that condition, to facilities where the treatment happens. By looking at a patient's individual treatment needs and medical history, they believe they can do a better job of matching that person to the best doctor and hospital for the job. They say this will result in the fewest post-operative treatment requirements, whether that involves trips to the emergency room or time in a skilled nursing facility, all of which would end up adding significant additional cost.
If you're thinking this is strictly about cost savings for these large institutions, Mohammed Saeed, who is the company's chief medical officer and has and MD from Harvard and a PhD in electrical engineering from MIT, insists that isn't the case. "From our perspective, it's a win-win situation since we provide the best recommendations that have the patient interest at heart, but from a payer or provider perspective, when you have lower complication rates you have better outcomes and you lower your total cost of care long term," he said.
The company says the solution is being used by large hospital systems and insurer customers, although it couldn't share any. The founders also said, it has studied the outcomes after using its software and the machine learning models have produced better outcomes, although it couldn't provide the data to back that up at that point at this time.
The company was founded in 2015 and currently has 11 employees. It plans to use today's funding to build out sales and marketing to bring the solution to a wider customer set.
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Trends change faster than the fashion industry does, but it has evolved in ways that benefit niche businesses. The advent of e-tailing and the ability of designers to sell direct-to-consumer have allowed designers with a more singular focus, like Laura Garcia and Batsheva, say, to flourish. Once upon a time there was a lot of pressure on designers, whatever their USP, to build entire wardrobes—"I feel that that's the old way, the department store way," said Garcia, during a showroom visit. "Now there is room for specialization." Hers is pretty, easy, made-in-New York dresses. "You do what you do, you build on what you have. People have to come to you for something," she said.
While Garcia's silhouettes and details, like ruffles at the shoulders and hand-pleating, remain fairly static, newness is created through materials. For Fall, Garcia, who designs all of her fabrics in-house, focused on texture over prints, with a special emphasis on burnouts. She showed her first LBD, and introduced really lovely corset tops with half-sleeves festooned with bows that were pure romance. While the lookbook images, many featuring models in flower crowns, make the clothes look a bit twee, on the rack it was easy to imagine them being adaptable to an active, working life. "Why not wear a dressy dress?" asked Garcia. Not that she opts for the full-on deb potential of her designs, rather, this working mom will wear a sleeveless velvet number, say, over a turtleneck. "I feel like people know how to dress things down now really well," she said, noting the trend for sneakers and boots. Indulging in a "super girly" look, whether full-on femme (with flower crown), or skewed with accessories and layering, is all about going your own way. And that, noted Garcia, calibrates with the new wave of feminism.


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Expedia Names Santa Monica Most Scenic Destination in Greater Los Angeles
Updated January 17, 2023 in News Release
Soar above Santa Monica this summer with these scenic hot spots in LA's beachside city
SANTA MONICA, Calif. (July 19, 2018) – With its world-famous pier, pink and gold sunsets, palm-lined promenades, colorful beach hotels and yellow sand beach, it's no surprise that a recent Expedia poll has named Santa Monica the most scenic destination in the Los Angeles area. The Expedia poll, which asked 1,000 readers for their top recommendations, also ranked Santa Monica as the eighth most scenic destination on the entire West Coast of the United States.
Residents of Santa Monica are already in the know of the scenic views on offer this summer, soaring above the 22 lounges, bars and restaurants throughout the city that showcase sweeping views of the city's 3.5-mile stretch of coastline. This month's opening of Élephante Beach House, a hip rooftop bar in the heart of Downtown Santa Monica, is just the latest example of the trend to take summer to new heights with sunset happy hours. Read on for more of the Instagram-worthy views in Santa Monica recommended to visitors by locals of this prideful city.
Beach Butler Service
For a luxurious sunset viewing experience try Beach Butler Service offered by Perry's Café and Beach Rentals. A butler from Perry's will be on call and setup two beach chairs with towels, an umbrella, a table, and a personal cooler with beverages, allowing guests to enjoy the VIP treatment. Sit back and relax with your toes in the sand while the sky explodes in layers or orange, pink and purple, all rippling against the ocean waves.
With the feel of a swanky surfer shack, this convivial den at the Fairmont Miramar Hotel & Bungalows is tricked out with fire pits, a back garden and a Ping-Pong and billiard table. From a stool at The Bungalow's outdoor bar, sip top-shelf house margaritas and gaze at the rolling tide in the distance.
Del Frisco's Grille
This classic American bar and grill overlooks another classic location: the Santa Monica Pier. The bar at Del Frisco's Grille is a hot spot for well-crafted cocktails like the "Adult Milkshake" with Nocello walnut liqueur and creme de cacao.
Élephante Beach House
Restaurateur Nick Mather, known for Eveleigh, Goldies and Little Ruby, opened a brand-new beach bar, Élephante Beach House. The space features an expansive second-floor lounge, complete with sweeping views of the Pacific Ocean, full bar, and a light menu of food items.
ONYX Rooftop Bar
Perched seven floors up on the penthouse level of The Beacon Hotel, ONYX is an indoor-outdoor rooftop bar that is a favorite amongst visitors and locals alike serving signature cocktails such as the Berry Apropos, made with seasonal berries and Champagne. Or, relax poolside on the Streamline Moderne Art Deco design hotel deck and dip your toes into the full-size swimming pool and Jacuzzi with the purchase of a public pool day pass.
Running the full length of downtown Santa Monica, the beautiful 26-acre Palisades Park is the ideal spot to watch the sunset from cliff level. With a rose garden, petanque courts, and Visitors Center Kiosk, there's also plenty of hidden gems to explore here. Look for the unusual like a totem pole from Alaska.
With a rich history dating back to 1909, the Santa Monica Pier is the most-Instagrammed place in Los Angeles, and for good reason. Wave to the waves from up high as you take a spin on Pacific Wheel, a solar powered Ferris Wheel in Pacific Park, an amusement park packed with rides, midway games, oceanfront specialty food, and seaside shopping.
Terrazza Lounge
Italy meets the California coast in Terrazza Lounge, a Santa Monica lounge and café nestled inside Hotel Casa del Mar with 180 degree views of the Pacific. Come for sunrise at breakfast, catch the breeze midafternoon over lunch or experience small plates and cocktails at night.
Tongva Park
The views from Tongva Park, a 6-acre urban oasis, were hand crafted by locals for visitors. As the park was being built, residents participated in selecting their favorite scenic vistas by voting with bags of sand. The dramatic topography of rolling hills and braided paths inspired by the arroyo wash landscape offer ocean vistas and observation decks make for great people watching locations – there's no telling what kinds of eye-catching people you'll spot as you soak up the Santa Monica scene.
###About Santa Monica Travel & Tourism
Santa Monica Travel & Tourism (SMTT) is a non-profit organization designed to increase visitor expenditures, tourism revenues and local employment opportunities through the promotion of Santa Monica as a travel destination. For travel and accommodation information or a free copy of the official Visitors Guide, the public can write to the Santa Monica Visitor Center, 2427 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90405; call (800) 544-5319 or (310) 393-7593; visit santamonica.com; or email info@santamonica.com. Follow SMTT on Twitter @GoSantaMonica or become a Facebook fan at facebook.com/visitsantamonica.
Contact: Lauren Salisbury
Santa Monica Travel & Tourism
lsalisbury@santamonica.com
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Choose a stix combo, 2 sides (one from each, no substitutions), one dipping sauce per stix. All stix approx. 4 oz each. All meats served are halal.
Choose a stix, 2 sides (one from each, no substitutions), one dipping sauce. All stix approx. 4 oz each. All meats served are halal.
Strawberry, banana and apple juice. Made with 100% fruit.
Mixed berries, banana and guava juice. Made with 100% fruit.
Acai, banana, mixed berries and apple juice. Made with 100% fruit.
Pineapple, mango, banana and OJ. Made with 100% fruit.
Vanilla or Chocolate, banana and peanut butter. Made with milk.
Rich coffee, caramel and toffee pieces. Made with milk.
Chocolate, marshmallow and cream. Made with milk.
Orange or strawberry fruits, vanilla and blended with milk.
Ketchup, mustard, pickle and onion. Include white or wheat bread, lettuce, tomato and mayo.
Swiss, mushroom, onion and mustard. Include white or wheat bread, lettuce, tomato and mayo.
Grilled pineapple, sesame and teriyaki. Include white or wheat bread, lettuce, tomato and mayo.
Green chilies, spicy chipotle and onion. Include white or wheat bread, lettuce, tomato and mayo.
Green chilis, spicy chipotle, onion.
Chicken, beef bacon, cheddar and ranch. Include white or wheat bread, lettuce, tomato and mayo.
Served with house made tartar. Include white or wheat bread, lettuce, tomato and mayo.
Crispy chicken, Buffalo and ranch. Include white or wheat bread, lettuce, tomato and mayo.
Crispy chicken, Buffalo and ranch.
Dipped in our homemade fritter batter. Served with choice of dipping sauce.
Batter dipped cheesecake or graham cracker filling serve with choice of caramel or chocolate sauce.
The Chicken or Beef Teriyaki Bowl is served with White or Brown Rice, Vegetable (Broccoli, Cabbage and Carrots) and Stix & Straws special Teriyaki Sauce.
Fudgy chocolate brownies made with bittersweet chocolate, drizzled with chocolate sauce. Served with whipped cream.
Tomato, dried cranberries, crouton, cucumber, walnut.
Mandarin, crispy wonton, almond and soy dressing.
Tomato, avocado, beef bacon crouton, cucumber, egg.
Includes kale, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage and carrots. Vegetarian.


Brand perception is now as important as the online face of any business that is generally represented in the form of a functional website. It is hard to believe but people are more likely to talk about bad experience rather than having the tendency to talk about the good ones. Thus, it has now become prominent for all the web owners to have a distinguished brand identity apart from serving outstandingly to the clients with the help of email templates. Social media as well as mobile device are the voice of today's generation that also act perfectly for web owners well when it comes to using the platform for brand recognition among the customers. People like to talk about the experience they had with online stores and it serves as an important medium for other people to consider purchasing from that estore.
At one hand, where email templates are an important medium to keep alive the communication medium of the business with the customers. Social media, on the other hand, helps improving the brand awareness. Let's get familiar with the "why & what of brand awareness".
Why brand awareness is important is one important question to consider when we are talking about its role in the identification of the brand's image. Brand awareness is a big concept that includes the following elements. It also help in measuring below mentioned factors when done correctly.
Brand Trust: Data breach has become a common factor and to be careful of this, it is the key to keep tabs on the the level of brand trust. Retaining customers is most easy with a trustworthy band.
Brand image is one of the factors that are based on the perception of customers. Thus, it is always advised to offer exceptional services to the customers to make the right brand image.
Brand Identity: While customers' feedback is an important factor to decide the brand image, brand identity is what is created by the marketing team. Thus, the team needs to ensure it is on the right track.
Brand Recall: If your customers recalls your brand instantly without recalling the name of the competitors, it means you are optimally serving for the needs of your clients.
Brand Loyalty: The loyalty of your brand is easy to craft through customers' voice who are loyal to the services. Loyalty can only be made by constantly enriching the loyalty level of customers through exceptional brand services.
Now let's explore how brand perception can be improved with email templates!
Email templates play an important role in the brand awareness as they help people get an idea of what the services and products are really about. The element can play an important role in the success of the brand through engaging write-up directed towards the clients. Let's find out how email templates can create the brand awareness.
Branding needs consistency. Being consistent with the email templates mean you need to make most of the communication opportunities you get with the template to push the brand.
It is advised to keep the elements clean and consistent with the in-house branding rules, from photos to logos to brand consistency so that brand can be strengthened in the eyes of the customers.
The subject line of an email template can be used as an additional branding tool. A subject line crafted well attracts the users' attention, which further drives them towards the template that ultimately builds the brand's trust in the eyes of the users.
If you are excellent at making the users absorb the information from the template, you are indirectly driving users' trust towards the brand.
Making users absorb the information does not mean tricking them towards the email template but rather saying true stories of the brand to genuinely attract the audience.
Market research plays an important role in establishing brand's rapport with the new customers. It also helps to know the type of audiences you are serving to.
No one is going to accept a proposal that sounds more like a selling advertisement. Hence, serve your audiences something of their interest that prompts them to respond.
The deeper you know your audiences, the better you have the chance to serve them. Hence, utilize the opportunity skillfully.
Once you have chosen whom you wish to target, it is time to individualize the message for the targeted audience. Here comes the role of CRM or customer relationship management, which helps managing company's interaction with the business audiences.
Equipped with the survey details from CRM, it becomes the easiest to serve audiences for their personal interests. The benefits of doing so are immense that are added advantages for promoting the brand identity of products or the services.
Wouldn't it be great if we could find what works the best and then use the similar approach instead of starting things from the scratch.
With CRM surveys, it becomes easy to identify the approaches that are working the best and utilizing the similar approach to yield the benefits. This helps marketers work on the campaigns that were successful and provided the results as expected.
After you found out what served you the best when concreting the brand strategy, you can recycle the blueprint used once to strike success with the email templates in order to make the brand image more trustworthy in the eyes of the customers.
Email template is all about writing engaging content to attract the customers towards the business and the services. Moreover, when it comes to using the tool for brand awareness, content again comes as the king to serve for the purpose.
An effective content is the key to allure the customers towards the services. In addition to it, if your are talking about the interests of the customers, they are likely to take personal interest in the brand awareness campaign.
The content must be a crisp copy of relevant write-up. You just cannot put anything on the template. The copy must have genuine references.
Brand promotion through any of the means can only prove to be an effective medium if it is practiced at the right point of time. There is no point of sending email templates every now and then to the clients and then expecting robust results for the same.
For the best result, try to send these templates in the morning as well as in the evening. Users are more likely to check their mails when they start their work as well as when they shut down the systems.
Taking the best benefit from the fact, you an send the email templates at both point of time.
While email templates are purely known as a communication channel to act for the business, a hint of rising sales figure can help in getting customers attention towards the business. It is true that you cannot showcase the whole business graph over an email template; however, the medium can be utilized greatly to make a quick & positive business impression over the customers.
Just jot down the rising business figure over the template and let the users do the rest of the thinking. Remember you can just attract the customers and cannot compel them to avail the service; hence, serve them genuinely.
Utilizing email templates in the aforementioned ways can help achieve the true brand identity. With all these measures, the work becomes an easy to do job that provides concrete result in the end.
However, market surveys should be planned well in advance to set new avenues with the email templates as the new brand identity tool. These surveys are effective as they tell what and how much the customers expect from a brand. In case, a brand is truly filling up the needs of the customers, it is sure to make a positive impression among the clients, else the efforts may go in vain.
As you are devoting a considerable time in promoting the identity of the brand, try to influence the customers as much as possible. They are only the customers who are going to help your brand survive successfully in the market.
Thus, keep these elements in the mind to serve your customers the best.
Different campaigns for diverse customers.
It is not only the ways that help you build the identity of your brand, it is also the approach you take to please the clients belonging to a certain group.