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Home > Product News and Recalls > Ground-shaking Verdict Reached in J&J Talc Cancer Lawsuit
Ground-shaking Verdict Reached in J&J Talc Cancer Lawsuit
Posted July 31, 2018 in Product News and Recalls
A St. Louis jury has reached a multi-billion-dollar verdict in a talc ovarian cancer lawsuit while simultaneously finding that it was asbestos in that talc that led to the onset of the plaintiffs' cancer.
The verdict impacted the trading price of the world's largest health care goods manufacturer, sending the stock down almost a full percentage point in the aftermath. The 22 plaintiffs in the case were awarded $4.69 billion in punitive damages and $550 million in compensatory damages when the jury found Johnson & Johnson responsible for the cancer that has shortened, and in some cases, already ended some of their lives.
J&J's talc supplier Imerys was also initially named in the lawsuit but settled claims against it for an amount that was confidential but said to be over $5 million by those knowledgeable of the terms. The settlement effectively cleared Imerys of any other claims in the lawsuit brought by the 22 plaintiffs and left Johnson & Johnson to bear the brunt of the full force of the jury's verdict.
The verdict is striking not only because of the amount of the award but because it specifically names asbestos in the talc as the agent that caused the women to develop ovarian cancer. The plaintiffs' argued during the trial that Johnson & Johnson officials were aware that their products contained asbestos and actively worked to keep that information out of the public eye. In addition, allegations were made that the company "rigged" tests it used to show that the company's talc was free of asbestos and would only cite test results from labs that produced the results they wanted to see. Results that verified the presence of asbestos in Johnson & Johnson talc products never saw the light of day.
As has been the case in the past, the company vehemently denies the accusations and stood behind its talc, its products, and its testing, claiming that the fibers found in its talc were not asbestos fibers but were "harmless mineral fragments." The company "hired the best labs in the country year after year after year" according to its trial lawyer who then rhetorically asked why J&J would repeatedly go to such great lengths to ensure the safety of its product.
While asbestos-containing talc has been the subject of baby powder-associated mesothelioma lawsuits in the past, and thousands of lawsuits allege a talc link to ovarian cancer, this verdict is the first to unequivocally state that it was asbestos in the talc which caused the victims' ovarian cancer as well. And, while Johnson & Johnson executives continue to put on a brave face for the media and general public, concern is growing among investors over just how deep this particular rabbit hole might actually go.
Talc Ovarian Cancer Claims Lead to Asbestos Settlement
A List of Lessons Not Yet Learned
New Mesothelioma Case Alleges Talc as the Cause
Jury Rules J&J Talc Responsible for CA Woman's Mesothelioma
Tags: asbestos, Johnson & Johnson, johnson and johnson, mesothelioma, ovarian cancer, shower to shower, talc, talc powder, talcum powder


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Bake for 35-45 minutes at 160°fan.
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Wrap in parchment & store in an airtight container in the fridge. Will keep for five days.
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Q: Is it a bad idea to use /128 subnet when a machine is alone in a /64 subnet? Example: I got a virtual machine with its own /64 subnet and the default gateway is reachable via a link-local address. In this subnet there is only one machine, the virtual machine itself.
The machine is reachable when I configure a single IPv6 address and set the netmask to 128. Of course a netmask of 64 also works.
Is there any reason why it's common to still use a netmask of 64?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Best Laptop Mag
Most Secure Laptops
July 4, 2022 by Ahmad Saeed
Secure laptops are becoming more and more popular, especially in the business world. These laptops have been designed to keep your data and information safe, even if someone were to get their hands on the device.
Some of the most secure laptops currently available include those from Dell, Apple, and Lenovo. Each has its own unique features that make it a great choice for businesses who want to protect their data.
List of Most Secure Laptops
MacBooks M1
Razer Blade 15
HP 17-cn-0020nr
Lenovo Ideapad Flex 5
Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon
HP SPECTRE X360 15T
ASUS ROG ZEPHYRUS S15
MacBooks Air M1
What is the difference between a laptop and a computer?
What does the term "laptop" mean?
How often should I replace my laptop battery?
MacBook Pro laptops are some of the best on the market. They come with great features, like a Retina display, that makes them perfect for students, artists, and business professionals.
The macOS Sierra operating system is also easy to use and helps users stay organized and productive. The MacBook Pro is the perfect choice for a business user who wants to work on their laptop while they're on the go.
The Razer Blade 15 is one of the most popular gaming laptops on the market. It's thin and light, making it easy to take with you on the go, and it has some of the best specs out there. The display is gorgeous, and it comes with a built-in Chroma keyboard that looks amazing.
Best Gaming Laptops Under 1300
It also has a very fast storage drive, which makes it great for gaming. The Razer Blade 15 has a 15.6″ screen, an 8th Generation Intel Core i7 processor, 16GB of RAM, and a 256GB SSD. It's perfect for gamers looking to upgrade from an older laptop or simply want the best gaming experience around.
The Dell XPS 13 is a laptop that has been designed with portability and performance in mind. Weighing in at just 2.8 pounds, it's perfect for taking on the go, and its 13.3-inch InfinityEdge display provides a stunning viewing experience.
The XPS 13 is also powered by a 6th-generation Intel Core i7 processor, making it capable of handling even the most demanding tasks.
The HP Elite Dragonfly is a new ultrathin laptop that was designed for business users. It has a 13.3-inch display, and it weighs just 1.2 pounds.
The Dragonfly is powered by an 8th generation Intel Core i5 processor, and it comes with 8GB of RAM and a 256GB SSD. It also features a backlit keyboard, a fingerprint scanner, and a Thunderbolt 3 port.
The HP 17-cn-0020nr is a budget laptop that offers good value for the price. It features a 17.3-inch display, an Intel Core i5 processor, 8GB of RAM, and a 1TB hard drive. It also comes with Windows 10 pre-installed.
The laptop is not very powerful, but it is great for basic tasks such as web browsing and word processing. It is also affordable, so it makes a good choice for students. Here is the link to buy this laptop from Amazon.com
Best Laptops For Cyber Security
Lenovo introduced a new laptop in its Ideapad Flex series – the Flex 5. This model has a 14-inch touchscreen display with Full HD (1920×1080) resolution and is available in both AMD Ryzen and Intel Core configurations.
The laptop also has 8 or 16 GB of RAM and up to 512 GB of PCIe NVMe SSD storage. It features two USB 3.1 Gen 1 Type-A ports, a USB 2.0 port, an HDMI port, and a headphone jack. The laptop runs Windows 10 Home or Pro. Prices start at $649.
Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon is a 14-inch Ultrabook that is designed for business users. It weighs just 2.8 pounds and measures 0.7 inches thick, so it's easy to take with you on the go.
The X1 Carbon comes with a variety of ports, including USB 3.0, DisplayPort, and HDMI, so you can easily connect to peripherals and displays. It also features a backlit keyboard and a fingerprint reader for security.
The X1 Carbon runs Windows 10 Pro and is powered by an Intel Core i5-6300U processor. It also comes with 8GB of RAM, a 256GB SSD, and Intel HD Graphics 520. The X1 Carbon starts at $999.
The HP Spectre x360 15t is a convertible laptop that offers a lot of features for the price. It has a 6th generation Intel Core i7 processor, 8GB of RAM, and a 512GB solid-state drive.
It also has a backlit keyboard and a touchscreen display. The battery life is good, and it comes with Windows 10 pre-installed. The HP Spectre x360 15t starts at $1,199.
Best Gaming Laptop Under 600
ASUS ROG Zephyrus S15 is a gaming laptop with a 15.6-inch display. It has a GeForce RTX 2070 8GB graphics card, an Intel Core i7-8750H processor, and 16GB of DDR4 RAM.
The laptop also features a 512GB PCIe SSD and a Windows 10 operating system. The ROG Zephyrus S15 has a 15-hour battery life and starts at $1,199.
MacBook Air M1 is the latest laptop released by Apple. It is a light and thin laptop with a 13-inch screen. The battery life is up to 12 hours, which is great for on-the-go users. MacBook Air M1 has a new keyboard that is more responsive and includes a Force Touch trackpad.
The laptop comes with a 2.3GHz Intel Core i5 processor and a 256GB solid-state drive. The price is $1,199.
In conclusion, there are many factors to consider when purchasing a laptop. It is important to find one that is the right fit for your needs and is also secure. If you are looking for a laptop that is secure and fits your budget, the laptops on this list are a great option.
ALSO READ: Best Gaming Laptops Under 400
A laptop is a computer that is designed to be portable. It has a smaller screen and keyboard than a desktop computer, and it usually runs on battery power.
A laptop can be used for many of the same tasks as a desktop computer, such as browsing the internet, sending email, and using word processing programs.
The term "laptop" is most commonly used to describe a small, portable computer that is often used for work or school.
Best Laptop For Zoom Meetings
Laptops are typically powered by AC adapters and have battery packs that allow them to be used without a power cord for a certain amount of time. They usually weigh between 3 and 6 pounds and have screens that measure between 11 and 17 inches.
Your laptop battery has a lifespan, and like any other electronic device, it will eventually die. It's important to know when that time is so you can replace the battery before it leaves you stranded with a dead device.
ALSO READ: Gaming Laptop Under 100k
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of two.  So, if you're playing along with the SNES, pretend I wrote 3x.
E.    E.    E   E.    E.    E    H               E   S S S E.
D |--------------------------------|--------------------------------|    |  the first time around.
Submitted by Boheeka on Wed, 09/29/2010 - 12:56.
Submitted by auriplane on Wed, 09/29/2010 - 13:52.
Submitted by Wow_nonamesleft on Thu, 09/30/2010 - 22:25.
wow! Long awaited for this tab on this site. Like how many years did it take for this to get here! haha. really happy you took the effort to get this here. Great tab.
Submitted by BacardiBreezer on Thu, 01/27/2011 - 05:59.
Nice work, I have it memorized a different way, but I am going to try this.
Submitted by Coffera on Sat, 01/18/2014 - 15:00.
The previous "11" that started on the second row i copied here was wrong, probably a misstype and if you slide down to 7 on the third string instead of playing the 12 you'll be in position for the next 7-9-10 that comes on the next row already. Good job though!
Submitted by auriplane on Sat, 01/18/2014 - 16:33.


text:
12c5109s
§ 5109. Extinguishment of claim for relief.
A claim for relief with respect to a transfer or obligation under this chapter is extinguished unless action is brought:
(1) under section 5104(a)(1) (relating to transfer or obligation voidable as to present or future creditor), not later than four years after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred or, if later, not later than one year after the transfer or obligation was or could reasonably have been discovered by the claimant; or
(2) under section 5104(a)(2) or 5105(a) (relating to transfer or obligation voidable as to present creditor), not later than four years after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred.
12c5109v
(Dec. 22, 2017, P.L.1249, No.78, eff. 60 days)
2017 Amendment. See section 7 of Act 78 in the appendix to this title for special provisions relating to applicability.
Cross References. Section 5109 is referred to in section 5107 of this title.


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School Rumble Ni Gakki – 12
Posted by Omni on July 17, 2006	 July 17, 2006 First Impressions / School Rumble
Home First Impressions School Rumble Ni Gakki – 12
-Tenma goes to the library to study, but ends up sleeping instead. She dreams that she grew taller and smarter, all of her friends rely on her, she's good at sports, and all the boys idolize her. Tenma has someone she truly likes, but before she can reveal who it is, Harima comes and asks her to go out with him.
-Tenma wakes up surprised and finds that the real Harima happens to be standing in front of her. Because of the dream, she becomes embarrassed, and almost confesses to him…
-But in reality, all that is actually part of Harima's dream Tenma is sleeping at the table behind him, dreaming about eating.
-Tenma's birthday is coming up, but everyone is busy. Harima finds out and starts planning something because his birthday is the day after hers.
-At home, Harima sneaks into Itoko's room to steal a magazine with suggestions for places to take a date. This becomes an ordeal because Itoko booby-trapped her room with electrified curry, attack dogs, and a laser gun, among other things.
-Harima decides to take Tenma sightseeing to the neighboring city and then treat her to a meal at a pricy restaurant. He's saved up 30,000 for the occasion. Just as he's thinking about how to invite her, his little brother shows up. Shuuji's birthday is today so he wants his brother to take him out. He also suggests inviting Tsukamoto, thinking of Yakumo. Harima is of course thinking instead about Tenma.
-When the time comes, Akira shows up along with Tenma. The four of them take a bus to the neighboring city, and Harima proceeds to show them around. However, it's apparent that everything was poorly planned because the sights are rather lackluster or closed.
-The group heads to the restaurant, which turns out to be on a big plot of land and is staffed very well. Harima realizes too late that the menu is way above his price range, but he has no choice but to order from it. His little brother and Tenma really love the food and keep eating more and more. Harima figures out that he's 100,000 yen over budget, and is in a pinch when it comes time to pay the bill.
-Harima excuses himself to the restroom and tries to talk to the server on the way there. But before he can say anything, Eri shows up and asks that their bill be put together with hers. Afterwards, Harima tries to tell Tenma that tomorrow is his birthday, but Tenma cuts him off by talking to Shuuji about how good a brother Harima is.
-Harima spends his birthday alone at the zoo in the company of Pyotr the giraffe.
-Tenma's library song was understandably horrible lol.
-All the booby traps and the "Go to Hell" in Itoko's room were pretty funny. They randomly started playing a version of the ending song from the first series during that scene too.
-I wonder if Eri paid the meal because she was feeling guilty for not being there during Tenma's birthday or if she knew she was saving Harima's ass. There was that telltale "baka" at the end (something that wasn't in the manga).
thnx a lot man for this i reallt thought u drop school rumble. i hope u can catch up on school rumble eps. btw on this episode it looks like tenma is starting to develop a feeling for harima
anim3guy
July 18, 2006 at 4:46 am	15 years ago
Itoko's traps-in-her-room part and the telltale at the end weren't in the manga…
w1ckhunt3r
Alot of things weren't in the manga…
doublex
Row2 Second pic – Aww… I never think that Tenma could be so good in any Yuri couple plot but…now I change my mind. Tenma-Eri look so CUTE!!!
Glad that you do this series again.
Jin , Masked Wizard
Yeah, they are going with the manga but are adding stuff so they can stretch everything to 26 episodes. I wonder who eri was dating at the restaurant, I don't think she knew Harima was going to be there, he just got lucky.
golthin
Poor Harima, spending his birthday alone, that's tough..
Not to mention Pyotr biting his head.
July 18, 2006 at 10:25 am	15 years ago
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Disney World and Disneyland News, Tips, Crowds and Attraction information from The Unofficial Guide to Walt Disney World and Disneyland
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Late Night Prices at Tortilla Jo's at Downtown Disney
August 11, 2019 September 12, 2022 Erin Foster 0 Comments Downtown Disney at WDW, Downtown Disney District, Tortilla Jo's
Did someone say tacos?
For the rest of the summer, the Tortilla Jo's location at Downtown Disney at Disneyland is offering 50% off tacos and burritos from 10:00 p.m. until closing time. Sounds like a great late-night snack after a day at the parks. The menu is everything you want in Mexican comfort food.
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Good news smoothie lovers! Jamba (not Jamba Juice any longer!) has reopened at at Downtown Disney in the Disneyland Resort in…
California Sole Now Open at Downtown Disney District
Now open in the Downtown Disney District at the Disneyland Resort is a brand new shoe store called California Sole. Formerly in…
Sugarboo & Co Now Open at Downtown Disney
Exciting news! The shop, Sugarboo & Co has officially opened in the Downtown Disney District. This boutique will offer Guests the…
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Erin Foster
Erin Foster is an original member of the Walt Disney World Moms Panel (now PlanDisney), a regular contributor to TouringPlans.com, and co-author of The Unofficial Guide to Disney Cruise Line. She's been to WDW, DL, DL Paris, Hong Kong Disneyland, Aulani, DVC Vero Beach, and DVC Hilton Head. She's a Platinum DCL cruiser and veteran of 10 Adventures by Disney trips. Erin lives near New York City, where she can often be found indulging in her other obsession - Broadway theater.
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Secured Creditors Claims Can Be Impaired by a Scheme of Arrangement under the Companies (Amendment) Act, 1990
In the case of Re McInerney Homes Ltd & Ors [2011] IEHC 4 the High Court has confirmed that a secured creditor's claim can be impaired by a scheme of arrangement under the Companies (Amendment) 1990 ("1990 Act") provided that all other provisions of the 1990 Act have been met. However, the High Court (in a decision approved by the Supreme Court) ultimately refused to confirm the scheme of arrangement proposed by the examiner on the basis it would be unfairly prejudicial to the secured creditors.
A syndicate of banks including Bank of Ireland, IBRC (formerly Anglo) and KBC, together were owed in the region of €110million by McInerney Homes. The examiner's scheme proposed to reduce their claim to €25 million. At the hearing to confirm the scheme of arrangement the banks made an application to the court objecting to the impairment of their claim. They argued that the 1990 Act does not allow impairment of secured creditors and, that the reduction of their claim would be unfairly prejudicial when compared to their projected realisation of the secured assets under a long term receivership.
In relation to the former the Court reviewed UK case law on their equivalent of Section 201 of the Companies Act 1963 (governing schemes of arrangement). The Courts in UK viewed the status of the secured creditor as being primarily that of creditor although with the benefit of the relevant security. The Court then reasoned that all creditors were required to take pain in cases where a scheme of arrangement under the 1990 Act is approved and that there seemed to be no reason why the terms of the 1990 Act couldn't apply equally to secured creditors and unsecured creditors.
The banks argued that the 1990 Act would require an express provision to allow a scheme of arrangement to write down against secured creditors. However, the Court disagreed and held that to interpret the 1990 Act as requiring an express provision to allow the write down of the claims of secured creditors under a scheme of arrangement would be to impose an inappropriate restriction on the generality of the language used in the 1990 Act. The Court was satisfied that the court had jurisdiction to approve a scheme of arrangement that has the effect of reducing the amount due to secured creditors provided that scheme otherwise complies with the provisions of the 1990 Act.
In relation to the banks argued that the write down of their claims would be unfairly prejudicial the Court held that it would require exceptional circumstances before it could approve a scheme of arrangement where secured creditors could be shown to be worse off under the scheme than under the alternative methods by which the value of their security could be realised. The 1990 Act provides that a Court cannot confirm proposals that are unfairly prejudicial.
The Court considered that the banks had produced credible evidence that a long-term receivership would realise nearer €75 million as opposed to €25 million under the proposed scheme of arrangement. The court held that to approve the proposed scheme of arrangement in those circumstances would amount to unfair prejudice on the banks' claim against McInerney Homes and the confirmation of the scheme of arrangement was refused.


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Commemorative mugs, tote bags and T-shirts featuring the wonderful anniversary logo created by Brian Selznick were available for purchase by ALSC members during the year-long celebration. Unfortunately, merchandise is no longer available for purchase.
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Start Here with the ResourceSync core specification.
Additional Specifications provide extensions to the ResourceSync core. These include a specification to support archives of synchronization information and extensions for push-based change communication.
Feedback on the specifications, and discussion of ResourceSync in general, is encouraged on the ResourceSync Google Group.
Tools and Additional Resources to support use of the ResourceSync framework.
Further Readings provide backgrounds and current discussions of the ResourceSync specifications.


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VGA Video Modes
Complete control of IBM's VGA system
Source: BYTE IBM Special Edition Fall 1988, physical page 191+
Author: Richard Wilton
The VGA is the video sub-system built into IBM's PS/2 Models 50, 60, and 80. It is also widely available as an adapter for the IBM PC XT and AT. In terms of capability and performance, the VGA is essentially a mildly improved version of the EGA. Surprisingly, however, the VGA is much more flexible than the EGA in terms of the resolution of the video modes that it can display, particularly when you use it with a variable-frequency video monitor.
Like the EGA, the VGA has several programmable control components, including a CRT controller (CRTC), a sequencer, an attribute controller, and a graphics controller. You can program each to modify essential timing signals and addressing modes within the video subsystem. The VGA's ROM BIOS contains a set of routines, invoked through interrupt 10 hexadecimal function 0, that program the VGA controllers into any of 24 different configurations (video modes).
Each of the VGA's controllers has a number of registers whose contents control their function. The VGA ROM BIOS contains tables of appropriate register values for each supported video mode, so most programmers call the ROM BIOS to select video modes instead of updating the registers directly. If, however, you want to create video modes unsupported by the video BIOS, you need to know what values to store in these registers to obtain the video configuration you want.
Why take the trouble to create your own video modes? The usual reason is to obtain higher-resolution graphics or more displayed text than the usual ROM BIOS video modes can provide. Some widely used commercial applications, including Microsoft Word and Lotus 1-2-3, can do this for you. If you want higher resolution in your own applications, however, you need to do some extra programming yourself.
Video Mode Control
You can differentiate video modes from each other in several ways:
Vertical resolution: number of rows of pixels (scan lines) displayed on the screen.
Horizontal resolution: number of characters or pixels per row.
Data representation in the video buffer.
Attribute decoding: colors, blinking, and so on.
When you program the VGA, you have a great deal of control over vertical and horizontal resolution. You have much less flexibility in regard to data representation and attribute decoding because of the VGA's hardware design. For this reason, the easiest way to set up alternative VGA video modes is to use the ROM BIOS mode-set routines to establish a baseline video mode, and then modify the horizontal and vertical resolution to produce a new video mode.
Video Display Timing
Controlling the resolution of the displayed image is -like many other activities in life- a matter of timing. Both horizontal and vertical resolution are related to the timing of the VGA's output signals that control the electron beam in the video monitor. The image on the video screen is not static, of course. It is produced by the cyclic sweep of the monitor's electron beam across and down the screen (see figure 1). The screen image is completely refreshed between 50 and 70 times per second, depending on the video mode.
Figure 1: On a video screen, the electron beam's scan cycle starts with the first pixel of the displayed video buffer data near the upper left corner of the screen. Scan lines are traced horizontally, left to right, then retraced down and across, right to left. In one scan line of a 640- by 480-pixel I6-color graphics mode, the horizontal total (100) specifies the duration of one complete horizontal scan cycle. Horizontal displayed (80) specifies the amount of displayed data. Horizontal sync starts at character clock 84 and lasts for 12 character clocks, so there are 4 characters of overscan at each end of the scan line. The vertical displayed (480) specifies the number of scan lines of displayed data. Vertical sync starts at scan line 503 and lasts for 2 scan lines, so there is a total of 42 scan lines of vertical overscan above and below the screen image.
As each scan line of pixels is displayed, the electron beam's intensity is modulated by signals generated by the VGA. (In a color monitor, there are three adjacent electron beams, one for each primary color, but for the purposes of video display timing, they can be regarded as a single beam.) The monitor moves the beam from left to right at a constant rate across each scan line and downward from scan line to scan line. The VGA generates a horizontal sync signal that controls when the monitor deflects the beam from the rightmost end of one scan line to the start of the next scan line (horizontal retrace). There is also a vertical sync signal that controls the deflection of the beam from the bottom of the screen back to the upper left corner (vertical retrace).
The VGA is always programmed so that the amount of time required to display data from the video buffer is less than the total amount of time it takes to sweep the electron beam horizontally and vertically. The extra time is spent in horizontal and vertical overscan. You can assign a color to the overscan area (also known as the border area) of the screen to provide a visual frame for the displayed video data, but that area's basic purpose is to center the displayed image on the screen.
You can control the horizontal timing signals generated by the VGA' s CRT controller by updating the appropriate CRTC registers. The timing values that you store in these registers are measured in "character clocks." A character clock corresponds to 8 pixels in VGA graphics modes and either 8 or 9 pixels in alphanumeric modes. You might want to think of a character clock as a unit of time (i.e., the time required to display one character's worth of data on the screen).
The key parameters that control horizontal timing are as follows:
Horizontal total. The total amount of time spent in displaying each scan line, including the time required for horizontal retrace.
Horizontal displayed. The number of character clocks of data displayed from the video buffer in each scan line. The difference between the horizontal total and the horizontal displayed parameters describes the amount of horizontal overscan.
Horizontal sync. The character clock at which the horizontal sync pulse begins.
The timing parameters that control the vertical size and on-screen location of the displayed image are analogous to those that control horizontal timing. Vertical timing parameters are usually specified in terms of number of scan lines. As with character clocks, you might want to consider a scan line to be a unit of time (i.e., the amount of time it takes to draw one scan line on the screen and return the electron beam to the beginning of the next scan line).
Here are the vertical timing parameters you need to consider when you establish a VGA video mode:
Vertical total. The total number of scan lines in one complete refresh cycle.
Vertical displayed. The number of scan lines of data displayed on the screen. The difference between the vertical total and the vertical displayed parameters determines the amount of vertical overscan.
Vertical sync. The scan line in which the vertical sync pulse begins.
VGA Timing Constraints
In order to use these general timing parameters to program the VGA, you need to know the basic timing frequencies used by the VGA and by your video monitor. There are three different control-signal frequencies or rates to consider: The rate at which pixels are displayed, the rate at which the electron beam sweeps across the scan lines, and the rate at which the entire screen image is refreshed. These three rates are commonly called the dot rate, the horizontal scan rate, and the vertical scan rate.
Dot rate. The rate at which the video subsystem displays pixels is called its dot rate; this frequency is also known as the pixel rate or the video bandwidth. This rate is established by a high-frequency crystal oscillator called the dot clock. You can program the VGA to use one of several dot clocks with different frequencies. Two different crystal oscillators are built into the VGA with frequencies of 25.175 MHz and 28.322 MHz; you can select a third oscillator from the auxiliary video connector on the system board of a PS/2 Model 50, 60, or 80.
Horizontal scan rate. The horizontal scan rate is the number of scan lines displayed per second. When you program the VGA, you indirectly specify a horizontal scan rate by specifying the total number of pixels contained in each scan line. If you divide the dot-clock frequency by the total number of pixels per scan line, you get the horizontal scan rate.
Vertical scan rate. The vertical scan rate (also called the refresh rate or frame rate) is the number of times per second that the screen is refreshed. You determine the vertical scan rate by programming the VGA to display a specified number of scan lines during each refresh cycle. You can calculate the vertical scan rate by dividing the horizontal scan rate by the number of scan lines per frame.
The key to establishing alternative VGA video modes lies in programming the VGA to produce timing signals that fall within the limitations of your monitor. When you set up a video mode by programming the VGA, you must select a dot rate, horizontal scan rate, and vertical scan rate that lie within the tolerances of the monitor you're using. I've listed the tolerances of a few VGA-compatible monitors in table 1.
Table 1: Tolerances of a few VGA-compatible monitors
For example, consider the default ROM BIOS video mode 12h-that is, 640- by 480- pixel 16-color graphics mode. This mode is designed to work with IBM's PS/2-compatible monitors, which expect a horizontal scan rate of 31.5 KHz. The BIOS uses the VGA's 25.175-MHz dot clock in this video mode, so you can easily determine the relevant timing constraints.
To compute the horizontal total, you divide the dot rate by the horizontal scan rate to obtain the number of pixels per scan line. Then you divide this value by 8 (the number of pixels per character clock) to determine the number of character clocks per scan line:
Horizontal total = (25175000/31500)/8 = 100 character clocks
Since each scan line contains 640 pixels of data, the horizontal displayed parameter is 640 divided by 8, or 80. The extra 20 character clocks represent the time spent in horizontal overscan and in horizontal retrace. To center the displayed pixel data, the horizontal sync signal starts at the eighty-fourth character clock, and the horizontal sync pulse lasts for 12 character clocks. The result is a scan line with 4 character clocks of overscan at each end.
The ROM BIOS relies on similar calculations to determine the vertical timing parameters. The BIOS sets up this video mode so that 60 frames are displayed per second. This vertical scan rate lies in the middle of the tolerance range of IBM's PS/2 video monitors. The vertical total, measured in scan lines, is the quotient of the actual horizontal scan rate (scan lines per second) and the desired vertical scan rate of 60 frames per second:
Vertical total = (25175000/(100 x 8)) / 60 = 524 scan lines
The vertical displayed parameter is 480, the number of rows of pixel data that are displayed in this video mode. The remaining 44 scan lines represent vertical overscan plus the time required for vertical retrace. The BIOS starts vertical retrace after 503 scan lines and specifies the duration of the vertical sync pulse to be 2 scan lines. Thus, the 480 scan lines of video data are displayed with a total of 42 (524-480-2) scan lines of vertical overscan above and below.
Video-Mode Programming
Once you decide what the horizontal and vertical timing parameters will be for a video mode, you can program the VGA to display it. There are five tasks you must perform to coordinate the different components of the VGA subsystem:
Program the CRTC.
Program the sequencer.
Select a dot-clock frequency.
Specify the displayed character height.
Update relevant ROM BIOS variables.
You program the VGA's controllers through a set of I/O ports (see table 2). You must access these ports with either assembly language IN and OUT instructions or their high-level-language equivalents. To access the ROM BIOS, you need to execute interrupt 10h, either directly in assembly language or through a high-level-language construct such as the int86( ) function in Microsoft C.
Table 2: I/O ports used for VGA control.
Most of the VGA's control over the horizontal and vertical timing parameters is obtained through the CRTC. The CRTC controls the duration of the horizontal and vertical timing signals sent to the monitor. It also synchronizes the timing signals with the rate that data is extracted from the video buffer and processed by the display circuitry. You control these functions by updating the appropriate CRTC registers (see table 3).
Table 3: VGA CRT controller registers used for video-mode programming
To update a CRTC register, you must write a register number to I/O port 3D4h and then write the register's new value to port 3D5h (see listing 1).
Listing 1: Updating a CRTC register
There are a couple of tricks to CRTC programming on the VGA. First, you can use a single 16-bit port write to obtain the same results:
;AL = register number
mov al,RegNumber
;AH = new register value
mov ah,RegValue
mov dx,3D4h
;Write to port 3D4h/3D5h
out dx,ax
If you don't use 8-bit port accesses, be sure to clear the interrupts. Otherwise, a hardware interrupt may occur between the port writes and disrupt your program by transferring control to a service routine that does its own CRTC programming.
Also, if you're programming in ROM BIOS modes 7 or 0Fh, use ports 3B4h and 3B5h instead of 3D4h and 3D5h. These port addresses mimic those that are used in the Monochrome Display Adapter; they let you operate both a VGA and another color video subsystem in the same computer.
Unlike the control registers in previous IBM video subsystems, you can perform both reads and writes to the VGA' s control registers (see listing 2). This is particularly convenient because it lets you save the current state of the CRTC registers before you modify them.
Listing 2: Unlike previous cards, VGA control registers can be read and written
The VGA sequencer has several interrelated functions, including synchronization of the video subsystem's character clock with the dot clock. The character clock determines the rate at which bytes of data from the video buffer are displayed. You can set the character clock so that one character is displayed every 8 or 9 ticks of the dot clock. In other words, each byte of data in the video buffer may be displayed as either 8 or 9 horizontal pixels, depending on how you program the sequencer.
In default VGA alphanumeric modes, the VGA displays 9 pixels for each character on the screen. In EGA-compatible 350-line alphanumeric modes and in graphics modes, the system programs the sequencer to display 8 pixels per character. The extra (ninth) pixel increases the sharpness of displayed text, but omitting the extra pixel allows you to display more characters across the screen.
You would access sequencer registers through I/O ports 3C4h and 3C5h (see table 4). The same programming techniques I've shown to access the CRTC will work for accessing the sequencer registers, but there is a catch: When you select a new dot clock or change the number of pixels per character, you must temporarily reset the sequencer by toggling bit 1 of its reset register. An example of this is in listing 3, which programs the sequencer to generate 8 pixels per character.
Table 4: VGA sequencer registers used/or video-mode programming
Listing 3: Programming VGA sequencer to produce 8 pixels per character
Bits 2 and 3 of the VGA's miscellaneous output register specify which dot clock frequency to use (see table 5). You can update this register by reading I/O port 3CCh to obtain its current value, masking bits 2 and 3, and then writing port 3C2h. When you do this, however, you should temporarily reset the sequencer, as in the previous program example.
Table 5: VGA dot-clock selection via miscellaneous output register (I/0 port 3C2h).
In default alphanumeric modes, the video BIOS configures the VGA to display 25 rows of characters. For example, in 400-line alphanumeric modes (the power-on default), each character is 16 scan lines high. You can modify any alphanumeric mode to display more than 25 rows of characters simply by using shorter characters that are displayed in fewer scan lines.
Bits 0 through 4 of CRTC register 09h, the maximum scan-line register, control the displayed height of alphanumeric characters. The value in this bit field is one less than the character height in scan lines. Thus, in default alphanumeric modes, the value in bits 0 through 4 is 01111 binary (0Fh). If, for example, you change this value to 00111 binary (07h), the CRTC would display only 8 scan lines per character, so you would have a video mode that consisted of 50 character rows instead of 25.
Although you can update the maximum scan-line register directly, it is usually better to use the ROM BIOS to do the work for you. The ROM BIOS provides considerable flexibility in setting the displayed height of alphanumeric-mode characters because it lets you select an appropriate character set at the same time. For example,
;AH = 11h (ROM BIOS function number)
;AL = 12h (sub function number)
mov ax, 1112h
mov bl,0
;Call the video BIOS
int 10h
This sequence calls the video BIOS to display a character set in which each character is only eight scan lines high. The BIOS loads the character set into the hardware character generator, programs the CRTC appropriately, and updates its global data area with the new number of character rows displayed.
Two Examples
I've created two programs that automate the process of calculating the CRTC register values for different video modes. (I used Microsoft C 5.0 to compile these programs. If you use another vendor's C compiler, you may need to rewrite the references to the int86() library call that invokes interrupt 10h.) The alphanumeric-mode program, AVMODE, lets you specify the number of displayed character columns, the size of the displayed character matrix, and an optional horizontal adjustment factor that helps to center the screen image. For example, you can create a 90-column mode that uses 8 by 8 characters by running the program with this command:
AVMODE 90 8 8
If the resulting image is not centered horizontally, you can also specify an adjustment to the horizontal sync position. For instance, you could shift the image one character position rightward by executing the program with the following:
AVMODE 90 8 8-1
The program uses the video BIOS character-generator interface to give the CRTC the specified height of the character matrix. It then programs the sequencer to display characters that are either 8 or 9 pixels wide. The rest of the program sets up the CRTC with horizontal timing parameters appropriate for the number of characters to be displayed.
For simplicity, AVMODE.C performs all its sequencer and CRTC programming in high-level subroutines. In practice, however, you should probably use assembly language to do this. The reason is that the C functions inp( ) and outp( ) compile as subroutine calls instead of in-line IN and OUT instructions. This means that subroutines that call inp( ) and outp( ) (e.g., SetSeqReg( ) and SetCRTCReg( )) are somewhat lengthy and too susceptible to interference from hardware interrupts to be thoroughly reliable.
You will find that an IBM VGA (in a PS/2 Model 50, 60, or 80) or IBM VGA adapter can produce an alphanumeric mode with about 96 8-pixel characters per row using an IBM PS/2 monitor. Higher resolutions exceed the tolerances of IBM's monitors.
If you use a variable-frequency monitor, you can push the VGA up to 132 characters per row. (Of course, the characters are pretty tiny when you squeeze 132 in a row.) You will probably have to adjust the vertical hold control on your monitor, because the vertical scan rate with a 132-character alphanumeric mode is only 51.5 Hz. Also, you may notice that the screen image flickers when you display a large, bright field of color; this, too, is a consequence of the low vertical scan rate.
Use the PC-DOS CLS command with caution if you use AVMODE to change the number of displayed character rows. The video BIOS keeps track of the number of character rows in a byte in its global data area at address 0040:0084h, but PC-DOS ignores this value and assumes that there are always 25 rows of data to clear. If you program the CRTC to display 50 lines of data, CLS clears only the top half of the screen. To avoid this problem, you could write your own screen-clear command (see listing 4), using interrupt 10h function 6.
Listing 4: A custom screen-clear program
GVMODE, the graphics-mode example, requires you to specify the number of pixels to be displayed horizontally and vertically. For example, to set up a 720-by 480-pixel 16-color graphics mode, you execute GVMODE as follows:
GVMODE 720 480
The program uses the desired resolution to select which of the VGA' s dotclocks to activate. This lets GVMODE produce a wider range of video modes than it could if it relied on just one dotclock frequency. Apart from these small differences, however, GVMODE's operation is similar to that of AVMODE.
With an off-the-shelf IBM VGA and PS/2-compatible monitor, you can use GVMODE to produce a graphics mode with about 720- by 512-pixel resolution, although displaying this many pixels pushes IBM's analog monitors to their limits. However, 800- by 600-pixel resolution is well within the tolerances of a non-IBM variable-frequency monitor.
Again, higher resolutions imply lower vertical scan rates. You may find that the resolution you want to use in your programs is limited by the amount of perceptible flicker on the screen at lower vertical scan rates. [Editor's note: The source code for AVMODE.C and GVMODE.C is available in a variety of formats.]
VGA Clones
The ICs that IBM used in the VGA subsystem are proprietary. IBM's competitors have been forced to reverse-engineer the VGA hardware to produce the same capabilities in their own products. This means that a VGA clone may not necessarily be hardware-compatible with an IBM VGA. Two ways the clones may differ are in the values stored in the control registers and in the dot-clock frequencies you can use.
The register-programming techniques I've described are not applicable to all VGA subsystems because not all VGA clone makers have designed their CRT controllers to use the same register values as IBM's. For example, when you try to program the CRTC on Video Seven's VEGA VGA, you'll discover that many of the CRTC registers require different values than they do with a true-blue IBM VGA. Other adapters, including the Paradise VGA Plus, expect the same register values as an IBM VGA, so programming these clones is much easier.
Manufacturers of VGA clones generally implement higher-resolution, non-IBM video modes using a higher-frequency dot clock. For example, the Paradise VGA Plus uses a 36.000-MHz dot clock in 132-column alphanumeric modes and in 800- by 600-pixel graphics modes. With the higher dot-clock rate, the resulting horizontal and vertical scan rates in these modes are higher than they are when you use a true-blue VGA's 28.322-MHz dot clock. The scan rates are much closer to the middle of the tolerance range of most monitors, and the increased vertical scan rate results in less flicker.
Alternative Video Modes
Clearly, these alternative VGA video modes are not for everybody. Using them requires some understanding of how the video subsystem works. However, if you're writing a program that does fullscreen text or graphics output, you should be able to incorporate support for alternative video modes without too much anguish.
On the other hand, alternative video modes are rarely supported by off-the-shelf software. Making your favorite spreadsheet or word processor run in an alternative video mode might require you to customize the program's installation process. If you use a VGA clone with a BIOS that supports non-IBM video modes, you might be able to include special drivers provided by the clone's manufacturer when you install your software. Otherwise, you may need to patch an existing driver or write your own driver in order to exploit an alternative video mode.
Nevertheless, there is a reasonable amount of support in the VGA hardware and video BIOS for alternative video modes. If you program the hardware carefully and exploit the services offered in the ROM BIOS, you can run applications with higher resolution or more characters than the usual ROM BIOS video modes provide.
Richard Wilton is the author of Programmer's Guide to PC and PS/2 Video Systems and coauthor of The New Peter Norton Programmer's Guide to the PC and PS/2, both published by Microsoft Press. He lives in Los Angeles, California, and he can be reached on BIX c/o "editors."


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Are you a fan of classic movies? The Berlin Branch of Worcester County is excited to announce a showing of classic movies on the big screen. This is a full surround sound experience!
Join Hugh and JL Cropper at their waterfront home for an exciting celebration of Atlantic General Hospital. The outdoor event will take place during the evening of Thursday, May 16, 6:30-10 p.m. The theme for this year's gala highlights Hugh and JL's passion for offshore fishing.
Come relax and get Zen with us. Wear comfortable clothing and bring a water bottle. This class focuses on holding yoga postures, breathing and control of the muscles and mind and is suitable for all fitness levels, including beginners.
Taught by Registered Yoga Alliance Teacher (RYT) Imad Elali.
Call or text 410-603-9801 with questions or to sign up.
Join us each month for a lively book discussion facilitated by Cynthia Hanagud and Gail Samis of Salisbury University. Copies of books are available in advance at the Berlin Branch.
It's finally Friday! Come have dinner, drinks and hang out with us at Cottage Cafe for our TGIF Party! Every Friday night with DJ Bump to keep the party going!
Slime, science experiments, art vendors, live music and more are what you can expect at Weird Science: 3rd Friday in Downtown Salisbury, MD. The downtown restaurants have great specials and live entertainment planned for 3rd Friday.
3rd Friday is a seasonal, artistic event set in Salisbury's Downtown that aims to provide a family-friendly experience for family and people of all ages! It's all about Live Music, Local Art, Local Restaurants, Shopping and Creativity. Come check out all the great things happening in Downtown Salisbury!
You don't have to travel across the world to take your family on a exotic vacation! Just join the Zoo with our Bunk with the Beasts Camping Adventure! This overnight adventure includes a cookout, a guided tour, fun activities, animal encounters, a night hike thru the Zoo and a continental breakfast the next morning. Campers need to bring their own tents, sleeping bags and flashlights. Some tents will be available to rent at $25 a tent, first come first serve.
The campout is designed for families with children ages 4 and older. The cost is $30 per person. Credit Cards are accepted. Space is limited. To reserve your space call 410-546-3440.
Ahoy! It's the Eleventh Annual Pirate Party to benefit the children of Worcester County. A great cause to "Keep Children Afloat!" Don't miss the Summer Kickoff Party of the season! Pirate attire is highly encouraged but not required.
$49 entrance fee will get you free grub and 1 drink ticket, live music and a rip roarin time!
Try yer luck at me Gold Bar Treasure for a chance to win great prizes! There will also be a 50/50 raffle & silent auction.
Chaired by Captain Joe Kendall, Kendall Furniture. All proceeds to benefit Worcester Youth & Family Counseling Services and children of Worcester County.
Rain Date is May 31st.
This duo/trio of musicians performs a wide variety of genres all around the Delmarva area! They do a variety of covers, as well as a few originals. Paws Up! See the famous trio members at High Stakes Bar & Grill. Prepare yourself and friends for a fantastic time filled with cuisine, tunes, and great bar specials!
Located at White Horse Park, the Ocean Pines Farmer's Market is every Saturday beginning in mid March. Shop for seasonal produce, farm fresh eggs, organics, seafood, herbs, flowers, honey, apples, natural pet treats, artisan breads potatoes, greens, tomatoes, pumpkins, kettle korn, crafts & more!
Enjoy free admission to the Ocean City Life-Saving Station Museum & explore Ocean City's best-kept secret.
Interesting displays on history, the lore of the sea & more.
Join us as we celebrate International Museum Day's Theme "Museums (memory + creativity) = social change". Free admission the entire day. A great opportunity for a FREE activity to enjoy with the family.
From America to Oceania, through Europe, Asia and Africa, International Museum Day (IMD) is a special moment for the global museum community. International Museum Day is a fantastic opportunity for museum professionals to meet their public. Museums are at the heart of the system, they help serve,preserve and develop society.
A fun event for the whole family! With B-25 "Panchito" rides, skydivers, hot air balloon rides, AOPA pilot seminars, live music, Piedmont Airline aircraft tours, food trucks, ATCT tours, and airplane rides, this is going to be a day you won't want to miss. For more information and Sponsor/Vendor applications, please visit https://flysbyairport.com/wings-wheels/. See you all there!!
The Snow Hill Lions Club holds its annual fundraiser on Saturday, May 18th at the Lion's Den at 5458 E. Market Street. Barbeque dinners will be available for pick up or for eating starting at 10 a.m. A live auction will begin at 1 p.m. Tickets can be purchased from members of the Lions Club.
This group of talented musicians has been together for years. They primarily play rock music. In 2009, Tranzfusion won the Coconut Times' Entertainer of the Year Award. In 2008 the band won the Daily Times' #1 All-time Favorite Band Award.
Join the Ocean City Ghost Walk for an exciting evening tour. The Ghost Walk will take you through downtown Ocean City and covers more than 10 historic spots from the inlet to Fourth Street. You will hear about hotels still haunted by their founders, a cigarette-smoking ghost and other lingering spirits.
The cost for adults is $20, and the cost for children is $15.
Romeo Delight is the #1 Most viewed Van Halen Tribute Band on You Tube and named one of the Top Tribute Bands in the country!
Romeo Delight, an award-winning Van Halen experience like no other, recognized by everyone from Howard Stern to Micky Dolenz of the Monkees. See the talented band live at Salted Vines Vineyard & Wintery.
This event is part of our Summer Concert Series and is fun for the whole family. Bring your own chairs and blankets. A local food truck will be on-site and wine and other beverages will be available for purchase. No outside beverages allowed on premises.
The Berlin Farmers Market starts on May 5 and goes until the 29th. Check out the new vendors. Check out some of the new vendors including Del Vecchio's Bakery, The Bay Mushrooms, Johnson Bay Oyster Company, Artisan's Aromas, homemade bbq sauce from Bratten Farms & more!


STARTeam is proud to be nominated as Hong Kong and Macau Nominee for 2017 Miss MISS ASIA PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL and 2018-2023 has also been authorized by the General Assembly to nominate people and events in China, Hong Kong and Macau. At the appointed time, the three winners will travel to the Philippines to attend the 2018 Grand Final and the 50th Anniversary of Miss Asia Pacific.
2014 The final of Miss International, Guangdong Dv.
2016 Mrs Globe, Shenzhen Dv.
Founder of STARTeam Production Ltd.
GM of STARTeam Production Ltd.


First step is to get the account id from the user we want to disconnect. If the user is at the same map you can grab it from the cache recieved from CMSG_NAME_REQUEST (0x0094) packets.
CMSG_XXX (0x00XX) and CMSG_XXX (0x00XX) packets with the new account id from "SUPERADM".
As you can see at the image, "Asag" logs in normally, but using the SUPERADM account id, and as result, SUPERADM is logged off!!
It can block the user re-login if doing loop at the same account id, or even more critical doing a loop searching random accounts connected.
Last edited by playerone on 29 Dec 2018, 17:52, edited 1 time in total.
cool you found some very old known tmwa bug. old tmwa devs already know it.
but better not disclosure exploits in tmwa, because very low chances what some one will fix them.


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Essentially Yours: The Protection of Human Genetic Information in Australia (ALRC 96, 2003) represents the culmination of a major, two-year inquiry by the Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC) and the Australian Health Ethics Committee (AHEC) of the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). The Report, which contains 144 recommendations for reform, is the product of an extensive research and community consultation effort—the most comprehensive consideration of the ethical, legal and social implications of the 'New Genetics' ever undertaken.
The Terms of Reference directed the ALRC and AHEC to consider, with respect to human genetic information and the samples from which such information is derived, how best to:
protect privacy;
protect against unfair discrimination; and
ensure the highest ethical standards in research and practice.
From the beginning, the Inquiry recognised the need for public engagement and widespread consultation, involving the general community as well as experts and interest groups. To this end, the Inquiry released an Issues Paper (IP 26, October 2001) and a Discussion Paper (DP 66, August 2002) to promote public education and debate, conducted 15 open forums around Australia, initiated over 200 meetings with interested parties in Australia and overseas, and received over 300 written submissions.
The 'New Genetics' is remarkable for the speed of scientific and technological development. In 50 years, we have moved from the first published description of the DNA double helix by Watson and Crick, to the effective mapping of the entire human genome by the Human Genome Project consortium.
The experience of the Inquiry, mirrored overseas, is that the rapid pace of change has produced two powerful, but conflicting, social reactions. On the one hand, there is very strong public support for breakthroughs promising better medical diagnosis and treatments, and for assisting with law enforcement (including identification of missing or deceased persons); on the other, there are anxieties about increased loss of privacy and the potential for genetic discrimination, as well as about the capacity to regulate genetic science in the public interest.
The major challenge for the Inquiry was to find a sensible path that meets twin goals: to foster innovations in genetic research and practice that serve humanitarian ends, and to provide sufficient reassurance to the community that such innovations will be subject to proper ethical scrutiny and legal (and other) controls.
The current methods of regulation and conflict resolution involve a patchwork of federal, state and territory laws; official guidelines; personal and professional ethics; institutional restraints; peer review and pressure; oversight by public funding authorities and professional associations; supervision by public regulatory and complaints-handling authorities; private interest; and market pressures.
The Inquiry's brief was to scrutinise the existing regimes, and then tailor them—if necessary and to the extent possible—to the particular needs and demands of genetic testing and information. In some instances, the Inquiry has recommended new forms of regulation to address existing gaps. Successfully fulfilling this brief has involved not only providing adequate protections against the unlawful use of genetic information, but also putting into place measures and strategies aimed at ensuring that where such information may be used lawfully, it will be used properly, fairly and intelligently.
Achieving justice in this complex area is not susceptible to a simple vindication of individual rights. Careful consideration of the legal and policy issues thrown up by the use of genetic samples and information requires a wide range of interests to be balanced. Although relatively easy to articulate in the abstract, achieving the proper balance is difficult in practice, since various interests will compete and clash across the spectrum of activity.
For example, as discussed throughout this Report, human genetic information has a strong familial dimension—an individual's genetic information will usually reveal information about, and have implications for, his or her parents, grandparents, siblings, children, and generations to come. Thus, there may be circumstances in which an individual's presumptive right to privacy, and to the confidentiality of the doctor-patient relationship, may be called into question by the competing needs of genetic relatives.
Similarly, a balance must be struck in a number of other areas in such a way as to recognise and accommodate broad social interests rather than individual ones—such as in the compulsory acquisition of DNA samples by law enforcement authorities; the ability of researchers to gain a waiver of individual consent requirements; the imposition of restrictions on employers from requiring genetic testing and information from their employees; or in limiting the ability of a person to initiate parentage testing without the knowledge and consent of the child and the other parent.
In an earlier era, the typical centrepiece of any significant law reform effort was the recommendation of a major new piece of legislation. However, in a more complex environment in which authority is much more diffused, modern law reform efforts are likely to involve a mix of strategies and approaches, including legislation and regulations; official standards and codes of practice (such as those promulgated by the NHMRC and the federal Privacy Commissioner); industry codes and best practice standards; education and training programs; better coordination of governmental and intergovernmental programs; and so on. The recommendations contained in this Report are addressed to a wide range of parties and not merely to the Commonwealth Government. For this reason, the Report contains an 'Implementation Schedule', making clear the lines of responsibility for implementation of the various recommendations.
The Inquiry's key recommendations include the following
A standing Human Genetics Commission of Australia (HGCA) should be established to provide high-level, technical and strategic advice to Australian governments, industry and the community about current and emerging issues in human genetics, as well as providing a consultative mechanism for the development of policy statements and national guidelines in this area.
Discrimination laws should be amended to clearly prohibit unlawful discrimination based on a person's real or perceived genetic status.
Privacy laws should be harmonised and tailored to address the particular challenges of human genetic information. Among other things, this will require extending privacy protection to genetic samples as well as genetic information. However, the familial dimension of genetic information also requires acknowledgment—for example, doctors should be authorised to disclose personal genetic information to a genetic relative in circumstances where disclosure is necessary to lessen or prevent a serious threat to an individual's life, health, or safety.
A new criminal offence should be created to prohibit an individual or a corporation from submitting another person's sample for genetic testing, or conducting such testing, knowing (or recklessly indifferent to the fact) that this is done without the consent of the person concerned or other lawful authority.
Ethical oversight of genetic research should be strengthened by: ensuring that all genetic research complies with NHMRC standards; better supporting Human Research Ethics Committees (HRECs); providing more guidance to researchers and research participants about best practice; developing new rules to govern the operation of human genetic research databases; and tightening reporting requirements.
An ethical dimension should be added to the accreditation standards of the National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia (NATA), and only accredited laboratories should be permitted to conduct genetic testing for health and medical purposes. The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) should be empowered to regulate genetic testing devices that may be provided directly to the public.
As a matter of priority, Australian governments should develop strategies designed to assess and respond to the need for increased and adequately resourced genetic counselling services.
Employers should not gather and use genetic information except in rare circumstances, for example, where this is necessary to protect the health and safety of workers or third parties, and the action complies with stringent standards developed by the HGCA and the National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (NOHSC).
A range of safeguards and improved policies and practices should be applied to the insurance industry's use of genetic information (including family history) for underwriting purposes. This will be aimed at ensuring that: genetic information must be used in a scientifically reliable and actuarially sound manner, in accordance with HGCA recommendations; reasons must be provided for unfavourable underwriting decisions; industry complaints handling processes are improved and extended to cover review of underwriting decisions based on genetic information; and industry education and training in this area will be significantly enhanced.
DNA parentage testing should be conducted only with the consent of each person sampled, or pursuant to a court order. In the case of a child who is unable to make an informed decision, testing should go ahead only with the consent of both parents, or pursuant to a court order. In those cases in which agreement cannot be reached—for example, because a mature child or a person with parental responsibility withholds consent or is unavailable—a court may authorise testing, after taking the child's interests into account. In order to ensure high ethical standards and technical competence, DNA parentage testing should be conducted only by NATA-accredited laboratories, operating in accordance with the specific accreditation standards in this area. Information about the availability of genetic counselling should be provided to the parties.
In order to facilitate an effective national approach to sharing DNA information for law enforcement purposes, Australian governments should develop national minimum standards with respect to the collection, use, storage, destruction and index matching of forensic material (and the DNA profiles created from such material). No inter-jurisdictional sharing of information should be permitted except in accordance with these national minimum standards.
Part A: Introduction
Part B: Regulatory Framework
Part C: Genetic Testing
Part D: Human Genetic Research
Part E: Human Genetic Databases
Part F: Health Services
Part G: Insurance
Part I: Other contexts
Part J: Law Enforcement and Evidence
‹ Essentially Yours: The Protection of Human Genetic Information in Australia (ALRC Report 96) up Part A: Introduction ›


My sister has a bachelor's degree. she is completed BHMS.PGEMS.She is employed in private sector as a doctor currently based in Ahmadnagar. We come from a middle class, nuclear family background with traditional values.
My name is ROHINI and I have completed my Diploma. I belong to a Middle class, Joint family with Traditional Values.
My sister has completed her Master's degree. She is currently Not Working and she lives in Newasa Ahmadnagar. We come from a Middle class, Nuclear family background with Liberal values.
My name is SUPRIYA Kailas Mokashi and I am work as an Engineer - Non IT in the Private Sector. I have completed my BE. I have been raised up in a Middle class, Joint family with Moderate Values.
My name is Ashwini Shinde and I am currently Self Employed. I belong to a Upper middle class, Nuclear family with Moderate Values. I have completed my Ph.D..
My name is Monali Shankar Bornare. I have completed my B.Sc.. I grew up in a Middle class, Nuclear family with Traditional.
I am simple.calm n cool and hard working man looking for a decent girl. I am RESIDENT IN DNB GENERAL MEDICINE BULDHANA MAHARASHTRA. I have one brother and one sister. My brother practices law at Bombay High Court and my sister is pursuing her post graduation in ANEASTHESIA from nayyar hospital, Mumbai.
I had done MBBS n doing dnb medicine in Delhi.my native place is sagamner,Maharashtra.
My name is Pravin and I am working as a Doctor in the Private sector. I have completed my MD / MS (Medical). I grew up in a Upper middle class, Nuclear family with Moderate values.
Currently, I am pursuing a PhD degree in Israel. I have completed a master of science in organic chemistry and also qualified CSIR -NET JRF exam. before joining I have experience from reputed institute In India as well as abroad.1: Assistant Professor Wadia college Pune (2015-2017).2 Research fellow in University Milan Italy (2014-2015).3.Researcher: CSIR-National chemical laboratory Pune (2012-2014).
I am working as a Goods Supervisor in railway department at Ahmednagar/Maharashtra. I did MBA in HR.My mother is a pensioner & housewife. I have one sisters who is married and one younger brother who is persuing his BE (mechanical). SMALL FAMILY-HAPPY FAMILY.


Thank you for purchasing my item. If you have any questions that are beyond the scope of this help file, please feel free to email via my user page contact form. Thanks so much!
Soft Agency – Corporate & Financial PSD Template suitable for all types of corporate and financial businesses. This is a clean and modern design that you can use corporate, agency, audit, broker, business, company, consulting, corporate, creative, portfolio, financial, responsive, startup and any kinds of financial business service. It has a lot of features pages.


Having seen The Dreaming Tree performing live on Saturday 27th August, I decided to get the album too. It's got some really great tracks on it. It contains a mixture of Lively music, with touches of epic progressive Rock, Folky Guitar and 60 Psychiadelia, mixed with funk, 70's inspired sound or heavy metal, with many songs starting off as laid back ballads and morphing into splendidly awesome grungy angsty rock . Many songs also deal with pertinent modern issues such as money, Globalisation, homelessness, Climate Change, loss of industry and Pollution.


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Тоганас — название населённых пунктов:

Казахстан
 Тоганас — аул в Егиндыкольском районе Акмолинской области.
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 Тоганас — село в Сырымском районе Западно-Казахстанской области.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Government/Regulatory Enforcement
All Categories Article III Standing Attorney's Fees Copyright Covered Business Method Review Damages Design Patents Exceptional Case Fintech Inter-partes review IP in the Supreme Court IP Litigation Procedure IPR Litigation Procedure IPRs ITC Licensing Likelihood of Confusion No category On-Sale Bar Patent Litigation Procedure Patentable Subject Matter Personal Jurisdiction Prior Art PTAB Section 112 Trade Secrets Trademark TTAB Willfulness All Months July 2019 June 2019 May 2019 April 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 November 2018 October 2018 September 2018 August 2018 July 2018 June 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017
Federal Circuit Finds That Direct Competitor Lacks Standing To Appeal Unfavorable IPR Decision
Supreme Court Will Consider Appealability Of The PTAB's Section 315(b) One-Year Bar Rulings
Federal Circuit Rules That State Sovereign Immunity Does Not Bar IPRs
Federal Circuit Waves Caution Flag On Section 101
On February 8, 2018, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) issued an opinion affirming in part and vacating in part a finding of section 101 unpatentability. Berkheimer v. HP Inc., ___ F.3d ___ (appeal no. 2017-1437). The district court had granted a motion to dismiss on section 101 grounds, and while the CAFC affirmed the dismissal as to some claims, as to other claims it remanded the case to the district court, emphasizing the role of fact issues in section 101 analyses and thus complicating resolution of section 101 issues.
Section 101 of the United States patent laws prescribes the categories of inventions and discoveries that can properly be the subject of a patent: "any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter." These categories are limited by judicially-created proscriptions against patenting abstract ideas, laws of nature, and natural phenomena.
In the wake of the Supreme Court's opinion in Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank, 134 S.Ct. 2347 (2014), section 101 defenses have appeared more and more frequently, often in the context of computer-implemented inventions. District courts have settled on addressing these defenses via motions to dismiss or for judgment on the pleadings, a procedure the CAFC has generally endorsed. The typical analysis under Alice has two steps: first, determining whether the patent claim in question is directed to, e.g., an abstract idea, and, second, determining whether there are "additional elements" in the claim that "transform the nature of the claim" and make it eligible for patenting.
The district court in the Berkheimer case followed this well-trod path, but in the CAFC's view ended at the wrong destination. The CAFC agreed with the district court that pursuant to the first step of the Alice analysis, the patent claims in question all are directed to abstract ideas (all of which involved "parsing" information).
As to the second step, the CAFC agreed with the district court that some of the claims contained no additional elements sufficient to make them patentable. However, as to others of the claims, the CAFC disagreed with the district court. The CAFC explained that the second step in an Alice analysis results in patentability "when the claim limitations involve more than performance of well-understood, routine, and conventional activities previously known to the industry." The district court had applied that test and found the claims unpatentable, but the CAFC ruled that it was error to do so in this case, because "the question of whether a claim element or combination of elements is well-understood, routine and conventional to a skilled artisan in the relevant field is a question of fact" that must be proven by clear and convincing evidence. The CAFC explicitly noted that "the mere fact that something is disclosed in a piece of prior art, for example, does not mean it was well-understood, routine, and conventional," and remanded the case to the district court for fact-finding.
The CAFC did carefully observe that section 101 defenses have often been resolved on motions to dismiss, and that "nothing in this decision should be viewed as casting doubt on the propriety of those cases." So, where the CAFC will draw the line about what constitutes a genuine issue of material fact on this question is difficult to predict.
CATEGORY: Patentable Subject Matter
Berkheimer v. HP
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The 2017 2nd Annual WOW Event was Very Successful and ... WOW! Here are some highlights ....Our Wonderful MC Minister Marisa Turner.... Our Great Praise Leader, Minister Kelly Evans.... Fantastic Vendors.... Our DJ ReggieReg Food.... Fashion Show by Sheila Shoppz and LaKeisha Solomon of Elite couture Boutique.... Our Phenomenal Speakers Minister Minito Reasor and Dr. Tunishai Ford.... and Our Wonderful Attendees! Last but not least, the S.T.E.P.U.P. Youth program was unveiled by design artist Francine Houston and WOW Event visionary, Dr. Tunishai Ford. Hope you will be there next year for the 2018 3rd Annual WOW Event which will be bigger and yet better!