text:
Home Chess in Africa Reflection from South Africa by Dr. Lyndon Bouah Reflections – Cape Winelands by Dr Lyndon Bouah
Reflections – Cape Winelands by Dr Lyndon Bouah
Saturday 14 March 2020 was a busy day in the family of the Cape Winelands chess community. A new club called the Drakenstein Pioneers chess club was established in February 2020 and organised their first event. The president of the Cape Winelands Chess union, Advocate Freek Geyser kindly shared the following letter he received from Mr Willem Van Tonder.
Advocate Freek Geyser congratulating Mr Willem Van Tonder
CApe Winelands Chess Union
Dear Freek,
Drakenstein Pioneers Chess Club has been established in the first week of February 2020 to accommodate chess players in the Paarl/Wellington geographical area. The mission of the club is to create an environment where chess lovers and their famlies can socialize, network, grow and develop themself to become better at what they do and to have fun.
On Saturday, 14 March 2020, the Club hosted its first tournament in Wellington with a hundred and one (101) participants competing in 4 sections. The A Section saw heavy weights from Cape Town, Kenneth Willenberg and Lutho Mfazwe competing for the prize money of which Lutho was crowned winner of the day. The match between Kenny and Lutho (which ended in a draw) delivered sparks at the end with Kenny demonstrating to the audience how Chess should be played with 15 seconds to go on the clock.
The other highlight of the day was the Development Section that hosted 22 newcomers who played competitve chess for the first time. Twenty five (25) youngsters competed against each other in seven rounds under the supervision of Abram Abrahams (Arbiter to be) as well as 3 other Club Technical Officials.
Tournament Winners of the Standard 60/60 – 5 rounds competition:
A Section:
1st – Lutho Mfazwe 4.5 / 5
2nd – Kenneth Willenberg 4.5 / 5
3rd – Virgil Fritz 4 / 5
B Section:
1st – Jeyhlin Jaftha 4.5 / 5
2nd – Nathan April 4.5 / 5
3rd – Wagheed Rosenberg 4.5 / 5
C Section:
1st – Alexander van der Walt 5 / 5
2nd – jayden Smith 4 / 5
3rd – Oscar Benvenuto 4 / 5
D Section (Development):
1st – Johannes Truter 7 / 7
2nd – Chameeka September 6 / 7
3rd – Skyler Williams 5 / 7
Drakenstein Pioneers was established with 58 members in February 2020 and grew its membership to 70 members already. The Club succeeded in hosting their first Inaugural event and will only grow from here. The members of the Club appreciate all the assistance that was offered, especially the equipment that was borrowed from other Clubs in the Winelands Region and the Wellington School of Skills for their venue. Our appreciation to the EXCO of Cape Winelands in supporting this event
and for the President, Freek Geyser who demonstrated his commitment in person. Establishing new Clubs and creating opportunities where people can play Chess, compliment the mission of Cape Winelands Chess Union where the aim is to promote Chess in all communities and to establish a Chess Club in every town.
Chess greetings
Willem van Tonder
Lutho Mfazwe playing with white pieces
So Lutho was adjudged first with Kenny Willenberg however having the same score as he did. Well done to everyone who made this event possible. Lutho sent me a few of his games. Let's have a look.
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8r+l+ntrk+(
7+p+nwq-vlp'
6p+p+-zpp+&
5+-zPp+-+-%
4-+LsNPzP-+$
3+PsN-vL-+P#
2P+-+-+P+"
1+-tRQ+RmK-!
In this position Lutho sacrificed his knight against Dr Esau for two pawns. It was a hard fought game as Black recovered somewhat and just couldn't put White away who brought the point home with strong play.
(1) Mfazwe,L – Esau,O [E91]
(1), 14.02.2020
1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Nf3 0–0 6.Be2 Nbd7 7.0–0 c6 8.h3 Ne8 9.Bg5 f6 10.Be3 e5
11.dxe5 Nxe5 12.Nd4 Qc7 13.Rc1 Qf7 14.b3 a6 15.f4 Nd7 16.c5 Qe7 17.Bc4+ d5 18.Nxd5 cxd5
19.Bxd5+ Kh8 20.Ne6 Nb6 21.Nxf8 Nxd5 22.Qxd5 Bxf8 23.Qd3 Bd7 24.Bd4 Bb5 25.Qf3 Bxf1
26.Rxf1 Rd8 27.Qc3 Bg7 28.Re1 Qd7 29.Bf2 Nc7 30.a4 Ne6 31.g3 Nd4 32.Kg2 Nc6 33.Qc4 Na5
34.Qb4 Qd2 35.Qb6 Rd7 36.b4 Nc6 37.b5 axb5 38.axb5 Nd8 39.Ra1 h5 40.Ra8 Kh7 41.c6 bxc6
42.bxc6 Rd6 43.c7 Rxb6 44.cxd8Q Qxd8 45.Rxd8 Rb2 46.Kf3 Rb3+ 47.Be3 Rb7 48.Rd6 Rc7
49.Bd4 f5 50.e5 Bf8 51.Rd8 Be7 52.Re8 Kh6 53.e6 Kh7 54.Rh8# 1–0
In the next game he played against his teammate Virgil Fritz and in a positional game he took the point! Let's look at a critical position!
8-+-tr-+-+(
7+-+-+p+k'
6-zp-+n+pvl&
5zpN+-+-+p%
4P+PzpPzP-+$
3+-+P+K+P#
2R+-+-+-+"
1+-+-+L+-!
In the above position Fritz decided not to protect the pawn but rather go for the knight sally Na7. Mfazwe however grabbed the pawn and never looked back!
(2) Fritz,V – Mfazwe,L [A36]
1.c4 c5 2.Nc3 e6 3.e4 Nc6 4.g3 d6 5.Bg2 g6 6.Nge2 Bg7 7.d3 Nge7 8.0–0 0–0 9.Bg5 h6 10.Be3 Rb8 11.Qd2 Kh7 12.a3 Nd4 13.Bxd4 cxd4 14.Nb5 Nc6 15.a4 a6 16.Na3 a5 17.Rac1 e5 18.f4 h5 19.Qd1 Bh6 20.c5 dxc5 21.Rxc5 exf4 22.gxf4 Qe7 23.Rc1 Bg4 24.h3 Bxe2 25.Qxe2 Nb4 26.Rc4 Rfd8 27.Nb5 Rbc8 28.b3 Rxc4 29.bxc4 Qh4 30.Qf3 Nc2 31.Qf2 Qxf2+ 32.Rxf2 Nb4 33.Bf1 Na6 34.Kg2 Nc5 35.Kf3 b6 36.Ra2 Ne6 37.Na7 Bxf4 38.Nc6 Rd6 39.Ne7 Be5 40.Nd5 Nc5 41.Be2 Kh6
42.h4 Nd7 43.Bf1 f6 44.Bh3 Nc5 45.Bf1 g5 46.hxg5+ fxg5 47.Ne7 Rf6+ 48.Nf5+ Kg6 49.Kg2 g4
50.Rb2 Nxa4 51.Rb5 Nc5 52.Ne7+ Kg5 53.Nd5 Rc6 54.Nxb6 h4 55.Nd5 h3+ 56.Kg1 a4 57.Ne7 Rc7 58.Nd5 Rf7 59.Rxc5 h2+ 0–1
The next game was against Athon Willenberg. The game was a Grunfeld and in this game Athon allowed his Bishop to be blocked from g7 which led to an opportunity for White.
8-+-tr-+k+(
7zp-+-zp-+p'
6-wqp+Pzp-vL&
5snpvl-+-zp-%
4-sn-+-sN-+$
3+-+-+L+-#
2PzP-+-zPPzP"
1+Q+-+RmK-!
What did White play here? After due consideration White went for 25. Qf5 and after Bd6 (Rd4 was forced) White played 25. Be4 to clinch the game!
(3) Mfazwe,L – Willenberg,A [D97]
1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.Nf3 Bg7 5.Qb3 dxc4 6.Qxc4 0–0 7.e4 Nfd7 8.Bf4 c6 9.Be2 Nb6
10.Qc5 Bg4 11.Rd1 Bxf3 12.Bxf3 Na6 13.Qa3 Nc4 14.Qb3 Na5 15.Qc2 Bxd4 16.0–0 b5 17.e5 Qb6
18.Ne2 Bc5 19.Bh6 Rfd8 20.Rxd8+ Rxd8 21.e6 f6 22.Nf4 Nb4 23.Qb1 g5 24.Qf5 Bd6 25.Be4 1–0
The last game that I have access to is against Kenny Willenberg. Kenny threw everything into this game but Mfazwe was up to the task and defended everything. He found some tactical shots which greatly assisted matters as well. The players played all out as this was the decider!
8-tr-+-trk+(
7+p+-+pwqp'
6psN-+l+n+&
5+-zp-+p+Q%
4R+-+-+-sN$
3+P+P+-+-#
2-zPP+-+PzP"
1+-+-+RmK-!
What would you play here as Black? There is a bit of pressure on Black. Black found
…….. pawn to c4 which allowed some tactical chances on the diagonal.
(4) Willenberg,K – Mfazwe,L [B23]
1.e4 c5 2.Nc3 d6 3.f4 g6 4.Nf3 Bg7 5.Bc4 e6 6.d3 Ne7 7.0–0 0–0 8.Qe1 d5 9.Bb3 Nbc6 10.Qh4 Na5 11.f5 gxf5 12.Bh6 Ng6 13.Qh5 Bxh6 14.Qxh6 Qf6 15.exf5 exf5 16.Nxd5 Qg7 17.Qh5 Nxb3 18.axb3 a6 19.Nb6 Rb8 20.Ra4 Be6 21.Nh4 c4 22.Kh1 cxd3 23.cxd3 Rbd8 24.Nxf5 Bxf5 25.Qxf5 Qe5 26.Qh3 Qe2 27.Qf3 Qxf3 28.Rxf3 Rfe8 29.h3 Re1+ 30.Kh2 Rd1 31.Rg4 R8xd3 32.Rgg3 Rxf3 33.Rxf3 Rd6 34.Nc4 Rd5 35.Ne3 Rb5 36.Ng4 Kg7 37.Nf6 Ne5 38.Nh5+ Kh6 39.Rf5 Nf3+ 40.Rxf3 ½–½
So, congratulation on all who was involved in this event. Well done. We shall look forward to this event again next year as I sincerely believe that every town in the Cape Winelands should have an open event that bears the name of the town.
One player that would've been glad that the event was being staged was Peter Micklem. His family arranged a celebration of his life as he had passed away at the age of 79. I learnt a number of things about Peter that I didn't know about before. Peter had six children who all spoke beautifully at the event.
Peter had interests in a wide variety of things, and this was reflected in the ceremony and the leaflet. The back of the leaflet emphasised his belief in education and chess. If you look at the bottom of the leaflet you will see the vine, the wine bottle, the books and the chess pieces. All of these were part of his life. His family and friends came to celebrate his life and on display on tables were aspects of his life. There were books, wines, sugar cane and other things that Peter had made on the farm. The attendees were requested to take anything they want with them to remember him by.
Cecil Cupido, former Boland Chess president recounted to me that Peter wanted to be an Anglican priest early in his life but the call to farm was also a strong one. Peter later established a church and paid the salary of the priest for some time. Daniel Wium travelled all the way from Bloemfontein and told us how he spent not only his student days but even post-varsity weekends at the farm where he and Peter would drink some wine and talk about life and chess. My brother in law Jacques Frick who attended the event with me recognised some of the wine as Peter had introduced him to wine making.
One fact that astounded me was that Peter had registered at the age of 75 at the University of Stellenbosch in the Masters programme to study agriculture. Peter had some cutting edge ideas in agriculture in the area of pecan nut farming and was willing to experiment with them. He never finished but the fact that he registered at the University of Stellenbosch was in itself astounding. Many of the speakers recalled Peters passion for chess and reminded us that Peter was the forerunner of many development campaigns not only ion the Cape Winelands but also in Khayalitsha. Peter's wife in a short conversation reminded me how she used to take the results in at events where she had accompanied Peter.
His eldest daughter, Marie, informed us that Peter had a difficult relationship with God towards the end f his life. She was however glad that Peter had grounded her in the Lord and she told us about the parable of the Prodigal Son. She said that the father in the Prodigal Son parable was like the Lord, always keeping his eyes on the horizon to see if his child was coming home. This parable has personally meant so much to me as well and I understood exactly what she meant.
At the end of the celebration the family invited us to share in the fruits of the vine which we did. Many of us in the chess community engaged with one another as we all had individual experiences with Peter.
Lyndon.
Previous articleDzagnidze and Abdumalik Shoots Up in April Rating List
Next articleReflections on Cape Town Chess Club by Dr Lyndon Bouah
Reflection on IM Aderito Pedro by Dr Lyndon Bouah
Reflections 2 on Western Cape champs by Dr. Lyndon Bouah
Reflections 1 on Western Cape Club Championships 2019 by Dr Lyndon Bouah
Reflections 5 on the SA Club Championship 2019 by Dr Lyndon Bouah
Reflections 4 on SA Club Championships 2019 by Dr Lyndon Bouah
Reflections 3 on the SA Club Championships 2019 by Dr Lyndon Bouah


El-P, KillerMike, Zach del Rocha – Say what.
When a fire starts to burn!
His Purple Majesty reminding us what it means to make a hit. 2013_screwdriver_20Pr1nc3_!!!_mp4 – YouTube.
Why? (The King of Love is Dead) by Nina Simone via Why? (The King of Love is Dead) on Vimeo. I take a moment to be mindful this day and reflect on the importance of Dr. King.
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Finance Stats
Average Income in Maryland, Trends & Latest Figures in 2022
Aleksandra Yosifova
Updated · May 13, 2022
With a war going on in Europe, everything in the world is getting more expensive these days.
Many people consider making the move to another city in search of a higher income.
That may or may not have nudged you to find out about the average income in Maryland.
If you haven't heard, it's one of the richest, if not the richest of all the States.
That makes it tempting for most, but exactly how rich is it?
What is the population of Maryland and how do the counties' salaries differ?
Join us and find out!
Insightful Facts about the Average Income and Demographics in Maryland
Maryland owns the biggest part of its riches due to its closeness to Washington, D.C.
Approximately 6,150,000 people live in Maryland.
The median income for households in Maryland in 2020 was $94,384.
Its income per capita was $69,266 in 2021.
Howard County is the richest county in Maryland.
In 2022, 29.8% of Maryland's residents were black.
Somerset County's average income per capita is 36% of Montgomery County's.
2022 Median Maryland Income Stats
Before we delve into the specifics of Maryland's salary, let's go through its counties' and cities' incomes.
1. Maryland's mostly rich because it's so close to Washington, D.C.
(Source: Veranda)
The median income in Maryland is one of the biggest in the US. What gives?
First of all, it's near Washington, where many people of Maryland work. Other than that, it's the location of multiple agencies such as the NSA. Marriott International, the largest hotel company in the world, is also nested here.
Finally, two of the richest US cities are also located in this wealthy state.
2. Walkersville is the richest city in Maryland overall.
(Source: HomeSnacks)
Its median income is $107,781. There are a few towns with a somewhat bigger income, but their unemployment and/or poverty rates are higher.
Walkersville has an unemployment rate of only 2.1%, and its poverty rate is 2.7%.
The low population of this Maryland town may explain how come it's so rich, as only 6,306 people live here.
3. Howard County is the highest-earning Maryland county.
(Source: Stacker)
Out of all 23 counties, Howard County has the highest median household income. With an astonishing $121,160, it goes 42.9% higher than the state's median, and 92.8% above America's median.
It's not the only rich one, as four other Maryland counties have median household incomes of over $100,000. The following three, amazingly, have income over $90,000.
4. Somerset County's average income is just 36% of Montgomery County's.
(Source: FRED)
Maryland may be a rich state, but the difference between its own counties is surprising.
Somerset County, one of the poorest, has an average personal income per capita of only $32,531.
That's even smaller than the average salary of a 24-year-old and considerably lower than the $40,000 salary, considered by many to be somewhat sufficient to live well.
Montgomery County, on the other side, has an average income of $89,552.
So, if you thought about moving to Maryland, take these differences into consideration.
5. The richest Maryland ZIP code is 21737.
(Source: Income by Zip Code)
It's associated with multiple cities, but the primary one is Glenelg. Its median household income is at a whopping $250,001, twice as big as Howard County's.
Its average household income is considerably bigger at $308,594. Its income per capita is much smaller at "just" $86,826. Finally, another amazing fact is that 54.8% of its households make over $200,000 per year.
Median Household Income in Maryland
With so many rich cities, you'd expect this state to also have huge household incomes.
In that case, your expectations will be met.
6. The median household income in Maryland was $94,384 in 2020.
Federal Reserve Economic Data last updated this stat in September 2021. That would mean that households make more or less than $95,000 per year.
This number was a bit higher than in 2019, i.e. it slightly decreased in 2020. Considering how the majority of this year was under lockdown, a decrease of just over $1,000 is anything but big. It goes to show how affluent the country really is.
7. America's 2020 median household income was $67,521.
(Source: Maryland.gov)
The average US income for 2022 is still unknown, but we can already tell it's much smaller than Maryland's. In 2020, its median household income was nearly $30,000 smaller!
Just keep in mind that Maryland is regarded as a pretty expensive place to live. Apparently, its big income comes at a big price.
Median Income per Capita in Maryland
Maryland households make a huge amount of money, and so do the individuals living here.
8. The average income in Maryland is $69,266.
Maryland is already one of the richest states, and it's only getting richer. In fact, its income's been on a rise since 2013.
It was at $69,266 at the end of 2021. For comparison, the average salary in Maryland per capita in 2013 was $52,249.
9. The Maryland median adjusted gross income is around $50,842.
At least that's how big it was at the end of 2019. FRED hasn't updated this since the end of 2021, so we can expect this number to at least be somewhat accurate now.
This, unfortunately, is a decrease from 2018, when the median AGI hit $52,857.
Median Maryland Income Demographics
You probably already know who the winner here is, but how did it come to this?
10. Maryland's population in 2022 was at around 6,150,000.
(Source: populationU)
You know how come it's so rich, but do you know how many people live in Maryland? The answer is surprisingly few.
The closeness to Washington, D.C. explains its enviable economic environment, but it may not be the only factor. Along with its low poverty and unemployment rates, the small population also explains the country's high income.
11. Maryland is the sixth most expensive state.
(Source: 24/7 Wall St.)
Given how rich it is, the cost of living in Maryland is expectedly high. For starters, goods and services here will cost you 8.4% more than the US average.
Also, a typical Maryland home costs $305,600 on average, almost 50% more than the US median of $204,900. Renting a home is also highly expensive, as this is the third most expensive state in terms of rents.
12. 29.89% of Maryland's residents in 2022 identified as black.
(Source: AP News)
When it comes to race, Maryland demographics are generally rather friendly. It may be a particularly good place for African Americans, as they account for nearly 30% of Maryland's population.
55.54% of the population is white.
6.28% are Asian, with 4.52% belonging to another race.
If you were wondering about whether or not you should go to Maryland, we hope we've helped you make the big decision.
The average income in Maryland is no joke, but then again, neither is the cost of living there.
Finally, do keep in mind it's not all about the state.
The discrepancy between the richest county in Maryland and the poorest ones is massive. This can, consequently, make them feel like they belong to different states.
1. Veranda 4. FRED Economic Data 7. Maryland Manual On-Line 10. Population U
2. Homesnacks 5. incomebyzipcode 8. FRED Economic Data 11. 24/7 Wall St., LLC
3. stacker 6. FRED Economic Data 9. FRED Economic Data 12. AP NEWS
1. Veranda 2. Homesnacks 3. stacker 4. FRED Economic Data 5. incomebyzipcode 6. FRED Economic Data 7. Maryland Manual On-Line 8. FRED Economic Data 9. FRED Economic Data 10. Population U 11. 24/7 Wall St., LLC 12. AP NEWS
With an eye for research, Aleksandra is determined to always get to the bottom of things. If there's a glitch in the system, she'll find it and make sure you know about it.
Bonds vs. Stocks—What to Invest In?
Investing on a Budget—Useful Tips for Beginners
What Is a Good P/E Ratio? Detailed Breakdown
What Is a Good Return on Equity and What Does It Tell Us?
9+ Tax Evasion Statistics To See Who Dodges the Most
13+ Airline Statistics to Get You in Vacation Mode
13+ Ways to Break Down the Average Salary in the US in 2022

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Natwest Bank in the UK celebrated the first anniversary of its twitter presence for its 7 regional accounts. But none of those accounts are active, tweeting just a couple of times a week on average.
Let me clarify one thing first. The title should read '…but Show a Very Low Level of Activity'. I like this case study as it reflects well one of the most common questions our clients and other event participants ask us: we would like to leverage twitter, so should we launch one main corporate account to do everything? Or should we launch several twitter accounts to cover specific geographical areas and regions, market segments, or applications like media relations or customer care?
In this particular case, someone at Natwest, quite possible advised by another digital agency with too much influence on their financial services clients, made the decision to launch not one main account, but 7 regional ones.
This is consistent with the stats we shared with our readers six months ago: 90% of the twitter accounts in financial services are inactive. That statistic was extracted from our popular Visible Banking Twitter Watch series (we benchmark over 1,700 accounts in 78 countries).
If there is not one true answer to the question I mentioned at the beginning of this post, one of the things to consider is the countries where you operate and their twitter penetration which will impact the volumes of conversations, I would always recommend to start small, with one official account, get to understand the medium, and then start building a mini 'twitter empire' a la Dell with several accounts if it makes sense.
If you are interested in the topic of social customer care, and in particular customer care via twitter, I invite you to read my recent post 'Social Customer Care: Now Way Back. Pandora's Box is Open.'.
I have always been a big supporter of bridging the gap between social media and the real world, and tapping social media to translate to the digital world your knowledge, your understanding, your support of your local communities and local businesses. So the idea of one account per region, large city or branch appeals to me tremendously.
But I have some good news: it wouldn't take much to turn Natwest's situation around and take the bank's presence to the next level, at the regional level, with the right content strategy (type of content, existing content, syntax and frequency of the tweets) and a Know Your Followers (KYF) strategy.
And we all know that social media is not all about size (do we know that?), but FYI to make the Top 10 most followed financial institutions on twitter in the UK (we are currently tracking over 120 accounts), a financial institutions would need over 4,500 followers.


text:
Report: China has a 'laser AK47' capable of hitting 800m away
U.S. Navy sailors train with an LA9-P laser dazzler from the bridge wing of the Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Mitscher (DDG 57) during a live-fire exercise in 2017. Several companies in China are reportedly developing beefier systems, with one AK-47-sized unit said to be capable of carbonizing humans out to 800 meters. (Photo: U.S. Navy)
A report over the weekend warns that Chinese-based companies are in an arms race to deploy deadly laser weapons that are man-portable.
The South China Morning Post, a large Hong Kong English-language newspaper, said the AK-47-sized ZKZM-500 laser rifle is able to "instantly carbonize" human tissue, set a person on fire, and make them feel "pain beyond endurance" at ranges reaching some 800 meters.
Built by ZKZM Laser, the weapon, expected to cost about $15,000 when it reaches production, is powered by a "rechargeable lithium battery pack similar to those found in smartphones" and could fire some 1,000 shots, each lasting about two seconds.
Some in the West are already raising the BS flag.
"There's just no way that a laser powered by a lithium-ion battery that a person could carry would be capable of producing the kind of heat described at point-blank range, let alone at 800 meters," said Devin Coldewey in an article for TechCrunch. "That's because of attenuation. Lasers, unlike bullets, scatter as they progress, making them weaker and weaker. Attenuation is non-trivial at anything beyond, say, a few dozen meters. By the time you get out to 800, the air and water the beam has traveled through enough to reduce it a fraction of its original power."
Coldewey points out that high power laser weapon systems in development in (known) programs in the U.S. are very large due to the energy demand of such platforms, leaving them so bulky as to be mounted on ships and vehicles.
Currently, the U.S. has been deploying handheld laser dazzlers such as the 250mW Glare LA-9/P, and the 125 mW 532P-M, for almost a decade, and the Marines are set to field the Meyer LA-22/U to project a "veiling glare" out to several kilometers. Considered eye safe and unable to blind–which is against the Geneva Convention– it is designed to disorient the target and obscure their vision.
The post Report: China has a 'laser AK47' capable of hitting 800m away appeared first on Guns.com.
Talking EDC with Texas State Rifle Association's Mike Cox (VIDEO)
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Exclusive: The Story on Sig Sauer's M18 General Officer Pistols
Chris Eger	July 8, 2019
https://slickgunsnews.com/report-china-has-a-laser-ak47-capable-of-hitting-800m-away">


text:
Galium violaceum är en måreväxtart som beskrevs av Franz Xaver Krendl. Galium violaceum ingår i släktet måror, och familjen måreväxter.

Artens utbredningsområde är Grekland. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Måror
violaceum

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