text:
Published United States Court Of Appeals For The Fourth Circuit
Filed: 1996-11-27 Precedential Status: Precedential Docket: 96-1072
Williams v. Channel Master Sat, 4th Cir. (1996)
saveSave Williams v. Channel Master Sat, 4th Cir. (1996) For Later
Every Crooked Nanny
Rich Dad's Cashflow Quadrant: Guide to Financial Freedom
2600 Phrases for Effective Performance Reviews: Ready-to-Use Words and Phrases That Really Get Results
Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America
Get What's Yours: The Secrets to Maxing Out Your Social Security
Sisters in Law: How Sandra Day O'Connor and Ruth Bader Ginsburg Went to the Supreme Court and Changed the World
Quiet Leadership: Six Steps to Transforming Performance at Work
Bunnicula: A Rabbit Tale of Mystery
Complete MBA For Dummies
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
LINDA WILLIAMS,
CHANNEL MASTER SATELLITE
SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED; CHANNEL
MASTER COMMUNICATIONS,
INCORPORATED; AVNET,
INCORPORATED,
Defendants-Appellees.
COMMISSION; EQUAL EMPLOYMENT
ADVISORY COUNCIL,
Amici Curiae.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of North Carolina, at Raleigh.
Terrence W. Boyle, District Judge.
(CA-95-108-5-BO)
Argued: September 23, 1996
Decided: November 27, 1996
Before HALL, WILLIAMS, and MOTZ, Circuit Judges.
Affirmed by published per curiam opinion. Judge Williams concurred
in part and wrote a separate concurring opinion.
ARGUED: Burton Craige, PATTERSON, HARKAVY & LAWRENCE, L.L.P., Raleigh, North Carolina, for Appellant. Robert John
Gregory, EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION, Washington, D.C., for Amicus Curiae EEOC. Martin Nesbitt
Erwin, SMITH, HELMS, MULLISS & MOORE, L.L.P., Greensboro,
North Carolina, for Appellees. ON BRIEF: John J. Korzen, SMITH,
HELMS, MULLISS & MOORE, L.L.P., Greensboro, North Carolina,
for Appellees. C. Gregory Stewart, General Counsel, Gwendolyn
Young Reams, Associate General Counsel, Vincent Blackwood,
Assistant General Counsel, EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION, Washington, D.C., for Amicus Curiae EEOC.
Douglas S. McDowell, Ann Elizabeth Reesman, Ellen Duffy McKay,
MCGUINNESS & WILLIAMS, Washington, D.C., for Amicus
Curiae Advisory Council.
Linda Williams appeals the district court's grant of summary judgment to her employer on her claims for employment discrimination
under the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA), 42 U.S.C.
12101 - 12213 (1995), and the North Carolina Handicapped Persons Protection Act (NCHPPA), N.C.G.S. 168A (Michie 1987), and
for wrongful discharge under state common law. See Williams v.
Avnet, 910 F. Supp. 1124 (E.D.N.C. 1995). We affirm, albeit on narrower grounds than those on which the district court relied.
The facts in this case are largely undisputed. In 1985, Linda Williams began working for Avnet, Inc.'s subsidiary, Channel Master
Communications, in its Smithfield, North Carolina plant. In March
1992, Williams injured her neck and back in an automobile accident
unrelated to work. Following the accident, Williams was unable to
work for several months. During this period she visited her doctor
every three to four weeks, each time receiving a note excusing her
from work until the next appointment. After each visit, Williams submitted the doctor's note to the plant nurse, who extended her disability leave accordingly.
In September 1992, Williams' orthopedist told her that she could
return to work, with the restrictions that she refrain from lifting more
than 25 pounds and pushing or pulling heavy objects. The doctor
rated her impairment as a 5% permanent partial disability of the back.
Despite her doctor's rating, it appears that neither Williams nor her
employer knew at that time that her disability would be permanent.
When Williams received medical permission to work, she asked
her employer, Channel Master, if she could return to the plant in any
job position that fit her medical restrictions, even in a job at less pay.
A personnel coordinator informed her that she would not be permitted
to return to work until her doctor released her from"any and all
restrictions" and she could perform all the duties she had before the
accident. Later, discovery revealed that there were several job vacancies at the plant during this period of time that would have satisfied
Williams' medical restrictions. After her employer refused to reassign
her to lighter duty work, Williams suggested other accommodations
that Channel Master could make that would enable her to continue to
perform the job she had held at the time of the accident. Channel
Master refused to accommodate Williams' condition in any way, and
on October 2, 1992, after she had received six months of disability
leave, the company terminated her.
Williams then filed a timely charge of disability discrimination
with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). The
EEOC investigated her claim and determined that Channel Master
had violated the ADA by refusing to accommodate Williams' disability, by discharging her due to that disability, and by its policy of terminating temporarily disabled employees who can not return to work
after six months.
The district court granted summary judgment to Channel Master
finding that as a matter of law, Williams was not entitled to relief
under the ADA, NCHPPA, or on her common law claim of wrongful
termination. The appeal followed.
To establish a cause of action under the ADA, a plaintiff must
demonstrate: "(1) that [s]he has a disability; (2) that [s]he is otherwise
qualified for the employment or benefit in question; and (3) that [s]he
was excluded from the employment or benefit due to discrimination
solely on the basis of the disability." Doe v. University of Maryland
Medical Sys. Corp., 50 F.3d 1261, 1265 (4th Cir. 1995); Tyndall v.
National Educ. Ctrs., 31 F.3d 209, 212 (4th Cir. 1994); White v. York
Int'l Corp., 45 F.3d 357, 360-61 (10th Cir. 1995).1
The ADA defines "disability" as "a physical or mental impairment
that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities of such
individual; a record of such an impairment; or being regarded as having such an impairment." 42 U.S.C. 12102(2). The ADA regulations
and EEOC interpretive guidelines list a number of major life activities. See 29 C.F.R. 1630.2(i) (1996) (caring for oneself, performing
manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning
and working); 29 C.F.R. Pt. 1630, App. 1630.2(i) (1996) (above
activities plus sitting, standing, lifting and reaching).2 Williams
1 The district court improperly relied, Williams, 910 F. Supp. at 1131,
on a proof scheme based on the approach that the Supreme Court took
in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792 (1973). By readjusting burdens between the plaintiff and defendant, the McDonnell
Douglas test is designed to circumvent a factual dispute over the reasons
for discharge, and is therefore most appropriate when "the defendant disavows any reliance on discriminatory reasons for its adverse employment
action." Ennis v. National Ass'n of Bus. and Educ. Radio, Inc., 53 F.3d
55, 57-58 (4th Cir. 1995); Barth v. Gelb, 2 F.3d 1180, 1185-87 (D.C. Cir.
1993), cert. denied, 114 S.Ct. 1538 (1994). Here, the parties do not dispute that the reason that Channel Master did not permit Williams to
return to her job was that her back injury prevented her from performing
her assigned tasks without accommodation. The McDonnell Douglas "inferential proof scheme" is not appropriate when, as here, the reason for
discharge is undisputed.
2 The EEOC interpretive guidelines, "while not controlling upon the
courts by reason of their authority, do constitute a body of experience
and informed judgment to which courts and litigants may properly resort
for guidance." Meritor Sav. Bank, FSB v. Vinson, 477 U.S. 57, 65 (1986)
(citations and internal quotation marks omitted).
asserted that both lifting and working constituted major life activities
that her impairment substantially limited.
The district court erred in two respects in analyzing whether Williams had established that she was disabled for purposes of the ADA.
First, the court erred in failing even to address Williams' asserted lifting limitation. Secondly, and perhaps more fundamentally, it erred in
suggesting that working is not a major life activity, and that the general foreclosure test must be used to determine if any other major life
activity is "substantially limited." See Williams, 910 F. Supp. at 113133, 1136-37. The district court improperly described the regulatory
language discussing working as a major life activity as "superfluous"
and thus declared that "[w]hile some courts might entertain claims
under the `major life activity' of `working,' this Court does not." Id.
at 1136. In fact, working is a major life activity, see Gupton v.
Virginia, 14 F.3d 203, 205 (4th Cir. 1994) (Rehabilitation Act);
Dutcher v. Ingalls Shipbuilding, 53 F.3d 723, 724-27 (5th Cir. 1995),
and the general foreclosure test applies only to claims brought under
the major life activity of working. See Gupton , 14 F.3d at 205 (applying general foreclosure test only to the major life activity of working);
29 C.F.R. 1630.2(j)(3) ("With respect to the major life activity of
working, the term substantially limits means significantly restricted in
the ability to perform either a class of jobs or a broad range of jobs
in various classes . . . .") (emphasis in original).
However, Williams nonetheless failed to establish that she had a
disability sufficient to trigger the ADA. To determine if an employee
is disabled under the ADA, a court must evaluate not just whether an
employee is restricted but whether she is "[s]ignificantly restricted" in
performing a major life activity "as compared to the condition, manner, or duration under which the average person in the general population can perform that same major life activity." 29 C.F.R.
1630.2(j)(1)(ii). A court may also consider the "nature and severity
of the impairment," its "duration or expected duration" and any "permanent or long term impact." 29 C.F.R. 1630.2(j)(2). Moreover,
when the major life activity at issue is working, the "inability to perform a single, particular job does not constitute a substantial limitation;" in this circumstance "substantially limits means significantly
restricted in the ability to perform either a class of jobs or a broad
range of jobs in various classes . . . ." 29 C.F.R. 1630.2(j)(3)
(emphasis omitted).
Like the Eighth Circuit, we hold, as a matter of law, that a twentyfive pound lifting limitation -- particularly when compared to an
average person's abilities -- does not constitute a significant restriction on one's ability to lift, work, or perform any other major life
activity. See Aucutt v. Six Flags Over Mid-America, 85 F.3d 1311,
1319 (8th Cir. 1996) (twenty-five pound lifting restriction did not
"significantly restrict" major life activities).3
Even if an individual demonstrates she is disabled, the ADA
requires her to establish that, "with or without reasonable accommodation, [she] can perform the essential functions of the employment
position that [she] holds or desires." 42 U.S.C. 12111(8). The
employer must arrange "reasonable accommodation" unless doing so
imposes an "undue hardship." 42 U.S.C. 12112(b)(5). In determining whether the failure to accommodate Williams was reasonable, the
district court deferred almost entirely to Channel Master's judgment.
The court held, as a matter of law, that if a proposed accommodation
was not "obviously reasonable," or its reasonableness "is a matter of
some serious dispute, courts should defer to the employer's business
expertise." Williams, 910 F. Supp. at 1133. The employer's point of
view should define "reasonableness," the district court explained,
because otherwise the determination of what is reasonable would "authorize[ ] the reviewing court to engage in a subjective, legislative
exercise." Id.
This approach was misguided. Courts are often asked to define reasonableness in various contexts; the standard of"reasonableness" is
empty if "reasonable" means only "the employer's opinion." The district court's approach is particularly inappropriate in the summary
judgment context, where a court must view evidence in the light most
favorable to the non-moving party. See Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co.
v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587 (1986) (citing United States
v. Diebold, Inc., 369 U.S. 654 (1962)). By definition, the determina_________________________________________________________________
3 Because we find that Williams does not qualify as a disabled individual under the ADA, we need not reach the district court's holding regarding the legality of the asserted Avnet policy.
tion of reasonableness is an objective analysis, not a subjective one
dominated by either party's concerns. In assessing objective reasonableness, the governing statute provides guidance. See 42 U.S.C.
12111(9). It provides that "`reasonable accommodation' may
include" a number of listed measures; obviously Congress considered
these types of accommodations to be reasonable. Examples in
12111(9)(B) include "job restructuring, .. . reassignment to a vacant
position, [and] acquisition or modification of equipment or devices."
Thus, the district court also erred in suggesting that a qualified ADA
plaintiff can never rely on reassignment to a vacant position as a reasonable accommodation.4
Although the district court erred in its mode of analyzing whether
Channel Master's failure to accommodate Williams was reasonable,
it nonetheless properly granted Channel Master summary judgment
on the ADA claim because Williams failed to establish that she was
disabled under the ADA.
The district court also properly rejected Williams' two state law
claims.
We note that the standards under the NCHPPA are narrower than
under the ADA. See N.C. Gen. Stat. 168A (Michie 1987); Burgess
v. Your House of Raleigh, Inc., 388 S.E.2d 134, 138 (N.C. 1990)
("[T]he North Carolina Act has a more restrictive definition of a
`handicapped person' in that it defines `major life activities' more
narrowly than the federal act defines the term."). Since Williams is
not disabled for the purposes of the ADA, she similarly is not disabled for the purposes of the NCHPPA.
4 The district court relied on Myers v. Hose, 50 F.3d 278, 284 (4th Cir.
1995), as supporting its conclusion that reassignment to a vacant position
can never be a reasonable accommodation in ADA cases. This conclusion is contrary to congressional direction and is in no way required by
our Myers decision. Myers noted only that a particular accommodation
does not become federally mandated merely because an employer "elects
to establish it as a matter of policy." Id.
Finally, the district court concluded that Williams could not prevail
on her common law claim of wrongful discharge in violation of public policy. The court found that without a legally cognizable disability, Williams could not claim that she was a victim of disability
discrimination. We agree.
WILLIAMS, Circuit Judge, concurring:
I agree with the majority's reasoning and holding that Linda Williams is not disabled within the meaning of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and that the district court properly rejected
Williams's state law claims. See Majority Op. at 4-6, 7. Having
reached those conclusions, I would not reach the issue of reasonable
accommodation as discussed in the majority's opinion in dicta on
pages 6-7. See Karsten v. Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, 36 F.3d 8,
11-12 (4th Cir. 1994) (per curiam) (stating that alternative holdings
should be avoided).
Americans With Disabilities Act Of 1990
Government Of The United States
United States Government
Documents Similar To Williams v. Channel Master Sat, 4th Cir. (1996)
Motion for Order on Americans With Disabilities Act, 05-CA-7205, Feb-12-2010
Neil Gillespie
Settlement Agreement USA and Ansonia
The Valley Indy
Helping Temporarily Disabled Employees Return to Work
US Department of Justice Civil Rights Division - Letter - tal569
legalmatters
Ada Article - Slu Law Review
jngrindstaff
2013 City of Clearlake ADA self-evaluation and transition plan
LakeCoNews
Vinod Tambe Case Judgements
Disability Rights Alliance
AID Proposed Amended Complaint
Dave Biscobing
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Stowe-Pharr Mills, Incorporated, D/B/A Pharr Yarns, 216 F.3d 373, 4th Cir. (2000)
titleII_2010_regulations.pdf
David McGaughey
Roundtable Notice
pritchie10
Chapter 11 Dockets
waems policies rev july 2016
Laird v. Redwood Trust LLC, 4th Cir. (2004)
Donald C. Maynard v. Pneumatic Products Corp., 233 F.3d 1344, 11th Cir. (2000)
JQC Complaint Judge Davidson
Isabel Santamaria
Templeton v. Neodata Services, 162 F.3d 617, 10th Cir. (1998)
Braxton v. Dillon Companies, 10th Cir. (2001)
NocoJoe
Williams Sonoma POS accessibility case
Don Resnikoff
Montana Lance Ruling at Fifth Circuit
Duncan v. the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston - UTHealth
TexasLawArchiver
Ada Checklist Word
Imani Balivaja
ENA Leadership Conference 2013 Exhibitor Prospectus
Summer 2017 Lynchburg Parks and Recreation Activity Guide
Anonymous vCp2naQ
letterhead-nehswithsealstatement doc 1
national_v_target_08_03_09
Legal Writer
National Federation of the Blind v. Lamone (Aug. 2019)
Daily Kos Elections
Public Speaking Syllabus, Getz, 2019 JanTerm.pdf
Raja Mandava
Popular in Litigation
5. Felix Martos v New San Jose Builders
Jan Aquino
International Science & Technology Institute, Incorporated v. Inacom Communications, Incorporated, 106 F.3d 1146, 4th Cir. (1997)
Ricky Henson v. Santander Consumer USA, Inc., 4th Cir. (2016)
Morales vs Subido
Jayzell Mae Flores
Noraiza-Intro
Imran Shah
Chapter 1- Remedies -Part II
Luqman Hakeem
History of Trial by Jury
Gabriel Moran
Delict B 3rd Term
Allan Sabz Ncube
Renee Cook
Moonlight Fire Case Federal Court Corruption Eastern District of California - Supplemental Briefing - Fraud on the Court - Federal Judge Misconduct Judge William Shubb - Judge Morrison England - Judge Edmund Brennan - Judge Kimberly Mueller
California Judicial Branch News Service - Investigative Reporting Source Material & Story Ideas
Legal Memorandum
Danica Ugay
License.mp3
Jose Lenin Martinez Murillo
IBCLC conflict of interest.pdf
Fayrouz Essawi
FORM 26 Assignment of Real Estate in Payment of Debt
Boysie Ceth Garvez
Deluao vs. Casteel 26 Scra 475
Sinetch Etey
Patent for Success
Intepat IP Services Pvt Ltd
HUAWEI E3372s-153 Open Source Software Notice and Privacy Policy
Nina Floyd
lvr-239788
TAKORADI POLYTECHNIC SRC CONSTITUTION (2010/2011)
Scott Cabrera
Hydro Charter
Virgil Titimeaua
Takedown Notice from John Bell to eHosting regarding Jonathan Bishop
Jonathan Bishop
1 Source Consulting Agreement Completed (1)
Rupa Kay
Sasmaz_Complaint_11-10-14
Lindsay Toler
Answer Topics for Common Test 1 (Topic 1 - 5) June 2014, 2013 & Apr 2011 (1)
Final List of Case Digest (Civil Law)
jiomaleee
Jurisprudence - Rules of Procedure May Be Relaxed
Loida Arevalo
Senior Intellectual Property Paralegal in Atlanta GA Resume Kimberly Weems
KimberlyWeems
case doctrines evidence ni redeem
pulithepogi
The Consumer Protection Act
Rushabh Sagar
RICHARD ANNEN LAWYER CLIENT LAWSUIT FILED FOR FRAUD ON CLIENT
ian_phelps1961


text:
25 Countries with Highest Life Expectancy
Ty Haqqi
In this article, we will be taking a look at the 25 countries with highest life expectancy. To skip our detailed analysis, you can go directly to see 10 Countries with Highest Life Expectancy.
In just the past two decades, 2000 — 2019, the average global life expectancy increased from 66.8 years to 73.4 years while healthy life expectancy has also improved by 8% over the same period.
This is the result of tens of billions of dollars spent on research and development by the top drug companies in the world. For example, GSK plc (NYSE:GSK) developed a vaccine which is the only vaccine approved against malaria by the World Health Organization showing a 77% efficiency rate. GSK plc (NYSE:GSK) also recently announced that the European Medicines Agency validated the marketing authorization application for its groundbreaking RSV vaccine to protect the population against respiratory syncytial virus, which is something Pfizer Inc. (NYSE:PFE) is also engaged in. Speaking of Pfizer Inc. (NYSE:PFE), pharmaceutical companies were absolutely integral in saving us from the disastrous effects of the pandemic as treatment and vaccines made by Pfizer Inc. (NYSE:PFE) and Moderna, Inc. (NASDAQ:MRNA), in addition to AstraZeneca PLC (NASDAQ:AZN), were available for negligible costs for the masses all over the world.
However, life expectancy is not equal in most countries. Many developing economies do not have the resources or technical capability to provide sufficient health resources to its population. Most developed economies in the world have free healthcare for everyone, with surprisingly, the U.S. being the only such country to not provide socialized healthcare which is especially surprising considering how some of the biggest pharma companies are headquartered there. This is why the U.S. doesn't even make the list of the countries with the highest life expectancy, with an average life expectancy of around 71 years, around 10 years short of the country that ranks the lowest on our list.
On the other hand, you will find many European countries on our list, mainly because these governments and the European Union enact policies and regulations for the benefit of their citizens.
You won't find any developing country in the list of countries with highest life expectancy because of the aforementioned lack of healthcare facilities, in addition to other issues such as lack of safety, high crime and high levels of pollution.
To determine our list, we headed over to the United Nations website and consulted their database. We then ranked each country based on its life expectancy in both 2020 and 2021. So, without further ado, let's take a look at countries where people live long, healthy lives starting with number 25:
25. Cyprus
Total life expectancy of both sexes at birth for 2020 (in years): 81.4
Cypriots are known for their consumption of the Mediterranean diet which includes fruits, vegetables, fish and olive oil. This has led to lower risk of serious diseases such as heart disease and stroke, among other cardiovascular illnesses.
24.Denmark
Denmark's life expectancy has been on an upwards trajectory for the past three decades.
23. Austria
Austria's top-notch healthcare system plays a key role in the country's higher life expectancy score.
22. Netherlands
The Netherlands has one of the most expensive healthcare systems in Europe, but the cost is definitely worth the benefit, with the country providing one of the best ratios of physicians and doctors to the general population.
Luxembourg is one of the richest nations in terms of GDP per capita, which has contributed to its population improving its quality of life.
20. Finland
Total life expectancy of both sexes at birth for 2021 (in years): 82
It is expected that by 2070, Finland's life expectancy will be 89 years.
In the 1950s, Canada and the U.S. had a similar life expectancy, but Canada's public healthcare system has resulted in the country pulling much further ahead.
France has an excellent healthcare system which covers every person who is a resident.
17. Israel
Israel has a high life expectancy mainly thanks to the billions of dollars of aid provided by the United States.
The life expectancy in Ireland has seen the life expectancy of men increasing by 2.5 years in men and 2 years in women in just the past 15 years.
In New Zealand, public health care system offers free hospital care to all permanent residents.
14. Spain
Like many countries in the list of countries with the highest life expectancy, the Mediterranean diet is one of the reasons why Spain has such a high life expectancy.
13. Italy
Italy is known for its amazing diet which includes consumption of nuts, olive oil and fish, which allows Italians to live long, healthy lives.
12. Sweden
Sweden committed to improving its environment decades ago and has stayed true to its commitment, which has drastically improved the quality of life of those living in the country, with more than 96% being satisfied by the quality of water available.
11. Iceland
Less than 400,000 people live in this country with arguably the most amazing landscapes in the world.
Click to continue reading the 10 Countries with the Highest Life Expectancy.
15 Best Drug Stocks To Buy
Top 10 Health Insurance Stocks To Buy
Best Biotech Stocks Under $10
Disclosure: None. 25 countries with the highest life expectancy is originally published at Insider Monkey.
GSK plc
Pfizer Inc.
INDIA RUPEE-Rupee logs worst day in nearly 2-mths as mood sours before key events
European Stocks Trim Best Start to Year Since 2015 Ahead of ECB
UBS Announces $5 Billion Buyback as Rate Tailwind Lifts Results
Snap set to report Q4 earnings after Tuesday's closing bell
Yahoo Finance Live's Dave Briggs looks ahead to Snap's earnings report due out tomorrow afternoon.
3 Supercharged Electric Vehicle Stocks to Buy in 2023 and Beyond
While 2022 was a year for stock price corrections across the electric vehicle (EV) sector, 2023 looks to be a transition year for the businesses themselves. Europe and China are leading the way, with fully electric vehicles accounting for 11% and 19% of all new vehicles sold, respectively. With stock prices down and sales continuing to pick up, investors should look at investing in a diverse mix of EV makers in 2023.
Alibaba Shares Lose $28 Billion in Sign Rally is Fizzling Out
(Bloomberg) -- Alibaba Group Holding Ltd.'s biggest selloff in three months is underscoring investor concern that China's consumer recovery may fail to meet lofty expectations.Most Read from BloombergWall Street Is Losing Out to Amateur Buyers in the Housing SlumpTrump Sues Journalist Bob Woodward for Releasing Interview RecordingsSony Slashes PlayStation VR2 Headset Output After Pre-Orders DisappointThe 'Big Shift' That's Finally Causing Rents to FallAdani Rout Hits $68 Billion as Fight With Hi
SoFi stock soars following Q4 earnings report
Yahoo Finance Live anchors discuss what's driving SoFi stock higher on Monday.
Cloud is Growing 20% Annually: 3 Tech Stocks to Buy for Exposure
The global cloud computing market is valued at $369 billion and expected to grow 15% annually to $1.6 trillion by 2030

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
require 'spec_helper'

describe "Comments request" do
  it "creates and replies when not signed in" do
    episode = FactoryGirl.create(:episode, :name => "Blast from the Past")
    visit episode_path(episode)
    click_on "0 Comments"
    click_on "sign in through GitHub"
    page.should have_content("New comment")
    click_on "Post Comment"
    page.should have_content("Invalid Fields")
    fill_in "comment_content", :with => "Hello world!"
    click_on "Post Comment"
    page.should have_content("Blast from the Past")
    page.should have_content("Hello world!")
    click_on "Reply"
    fill_in "comment_content", :with => "Hello back."
    click_on "Post Comment"
    page.should have_content("Hello back.")
  end

  it "send email to original authors when replying to comment" do
    comment = FactoryGirl.create(:comment)
    login
    visit episode_path(comment.episode, :view => "comments")
    click_on "Reply"
    fill_in "comment_content", :with => "Hello back."
    click_on "Post Comment"
    page.should have_content("Hello back.")
    last_email.to.should include(comment.user.email)
  end

  it "creates when banned" do
    login FactoryGirl.create(:user, :banned_at => Time.now)
    visit episode_path(FactoryGirl.create(:episode), :view => "comments")
    page.should have_content("banned")
  end

  it "updates a comment" do
    user = FactoryGirl.create(:user, :admin => true)
    login user
    episode = FactoryGirl.create(:episode, :name => "Blast from the Past")
    comment = FactoryGirl.create(:comment, :content => "Hello world!", :episode_id => episode.id)
    visit episode_path(episode, :view => "comments")
    click_on "Edit"
    fill_in "comment_content", :with => ""
    click_on "Update Comment"
    page.should have_content("Invalid Fields")
    fill_in "comment_content", :with => "Hello back."
    click_on "Update Comment"
    page.should have_content("Hello back.")
    comment.versions(true).size.should eq(2)
    comment.versions.last.whodunnit.to_i.should eq(user.id)
  end

  it "destroys a comment" do
    login FactoryGirl.create(:user, :admin => true)
    episode = FactoryGirl.create(:episode, :name => "Blast from the Past")
    FactoryGirl.create(:comment, :content => "Hello world!", :episode_id => episode.id)
    visit episode_path(episode, :view => "comments")
    click_on "Delete"
    page.should_not have_content("Hello world!")
    click_on "undo"
    page.should have_content("Hello world!")
  end

  it "lists and search recent comments" do
    login FactoryGirl.create(:user, :admin => true)
    FactoryGirl.create(:comment, :content => "Hello world!")
    FactoryGirl.create(:comment, :content => "Back to the Future", :site_url => "http://example.com")
    visit comments_path
    page.should have_content("Hello world!")
    page.should have_content("Back to the Future")
    fill_in "comment_search", :with => "Future"
    click_on "Search Comments"
    page.should_not have_content("Hello world!")
    page.should have_content("Back to the Future")
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Famous American Preachers
Denmark bans 6 preachers including famous Saudi clerics Al Arifi and Al Odah The others on the list are American citizen Kamal El-Mekki, and Mohammad Rateb Abdalah Al-Nabulsi, a Syrian living. In the 12th century, Maimonides, one of Judaism's most famous philosophers, rejected the concept of biblical miracles. Hudson Taylor began the China Inland Mission and Thomas John Barnardo founded his famous orphanages. Sharon Baptist Church in Philadelphia. Prathia Laura Ann Hall - She is a pastor at Mt. My library. A master of revival meetings and faith healing, Benny Hinn is also an author and is considered to be one of the best preachers in the world today. This man preached over 40 hours a week! Martin-Lloyd Jones, himself one of the greatest preachers of all time, says that George Whitfield was the greatest preachers that England ever produced. 12 in the Top 40 in 1957. 1 Timothy 3:1-2a "This is a faithful saying: If a man desires the position of a bishop, he desires a good work. Trump at a rally Tuesday at the Myrtle Beach Convention Center in South Carolina. , became one of the most renowned gospel preachers in the African American Church of Christ. IRONSIDE Henry Allen "Harry" Ironside was a Canadian-American Bible teacher, preacher, theologian, pastor, and author who pastored Moody Church in Chicago from 1929 to 1948. "This obsession has obviously filtered into American religion and, sadly, even into American evangelical Christianity," he warned. Prathia Laura Ann Hall – She is a pastor at Mt. ) is a woman. Matthew Roy Blunt Biography of Matthew Roy Blunt: 1970 - Born on the 20th of November, the son of House Minority Whip Roy Blunt and his first wife, Roseann Blunt. American Evangelicalism seems to defy unity, let alone hierarchy. TIME's list focuses on those whose influence is on the rise or who have carved out a singular role. Postage Stamps for Heroes worksheet. Washington: 'I have learned that success is to be measured not so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has overcome while trying to succeed. Eric Washington. Ronald Durham transcend race, denomination, and culture, providing powerful sermon ideas. House of Representatives. Sproul, exists to proclaim, teach, and defend the holiness of God in all its fullness to as many people as possible. February 12, 1865 -- Presbyterian minister Henry Garnet becomes the first African American to preach a sermon in the U. His search leads him into a no-holds-barred battle against the forces of the Grail. Joel Scott Osteen is an American preacher, televangelist, author, 4 Harold Camping. Senior Pastors Today's church pastors face daunting cultural and leadership challenges. 5 Asian-American Preachers Not Named Eugene Cho or Francis Chan and a Couple Who Are I am thankful for the diversity of the body of Christ and am honored to share the names of some suggested. The top 5 richest pastors in Africa are all from Nigeria. Walter was of the same family as his world-famous namesake, Sir Walter Scott. For over 40 years Apologetics Press has published books related to alleged Bible discrepancies and contradictions, the existence of God, the inspirati. It has several entry points, the most famous among tourists is Mutianyu. In the passages already surveyed, two principles are evident. Free sermons can be a blessing to the busy preacher. Written by Alex Henderson / AlterNet September 2, 2018. The Text: "Their foot shall slide in due time" (Deuteronomy 32:35) The audience was deeply stirred; many cried out for mercy; 500 were reported saved. Mott - missionary, statesman, honorary first president of the World Council of Churches. American Adoptions, a private adoption agency founded on the belief that lives of children can be bettered through adoption, provides safe adoption services to children, birth parents and adoptive families by educating, supporting and coordinating necessary services for adoptions throughout the United States. The life of this English evangelist is singularly instructive to Christians. Christmas Evans The Welsh Preacher Christmas Evans , one of the great Welsh preachers, was born on Christmas day 1766, at a place called Ysgaerwen, in the parish of Llandyssul, Cardiganshire [Wales]. He preached during a time when the U. This website contains information about famous Mormons and what they're up to. By Keith Malcomson Jesus the Preacher. List of famous preachers with their biographies that include trivia, interesting facts, timeline and life history. At a gathering dominated by preachers of the prosperity gospel and media-savvy faith leaders, televangelist Robert Jeffress, pastor of First Baptist Dallas, and Jews for Jesus evangelist Kirt. What exactly does it mean when Scriptures says that Jesus preached? This word 'preached' means to be a herald; to proclaim aloud like a town crier; to publish or make known widely or everywhere. Native American Religion A description and brief history of the Native American religion. So wrote the first major black poet in American history and one of the nation's first major female poets, Phillis Wheatley. Cynicism regarding government or just let one show of the plot or sense was shut. Preachers at black churches are the last people left in the English-speaking world who know the schemes and tropes of classical rhetoric: parallelism, antithesis, epistrophe, synecdoche, metonymy, periphrasis, litotes - the whole bag of tricks. Jay North (born August 3, 1951) is an American actor. Meet the Pastors Who Support Donald Trump Democrats post text of impeachment resolution, showdown vote as soon as Thursday 84-year-old arrested in connection with attack on mosque. He frequently appeared before mass audiences at Christian events with other widely known preachers, like Bishop T. Shortly after, they started receiving sermons in many different formats. Famous People. In 1981, he founded the Living Faith World Outreach Ministry in Ogun. Divinely gifted, they are America's most famous and highly sought preachers involved in the task of redeeming souls and fighting evil forces. Benny is a successful televangelist whose crusades are popular across the globe. His prophetic words and actions resulted in his recognition as a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. A Montana native, Brazington also claims, without providing public proof, that he is a former decorated police officer who once worked as a bodyguard for presidents, heads of state and celebrities. home - famous speeches in history - given by african-americans a - z Speeches Given by African-Americans - A-Z This speech collection is organized in alphabetical order by last name of the African-American speaker, then by year of delivery. Despite the fact that African Americans have been suppressed in every possible way for many centuries, they have a rich culture and history. 15 Awesome Inspirational Quotes by Celebrities and Famous People | If I Ever Go To War, This Is What I'm Wearing; No Need For An Accountant. Jakes and Joyce Meyer and Brian McLaren have distorted the gospel and done great damage to the church. ) to Christ and the senator still seeks his guidance on spiritual matters. He frequently appeared before mass audiences at Christian events with other widely known preachers, like Bishop T. So wrote the first major black poet in American history and one of the nation's first major female poets, Phillis Wheatley. Synopsis: Collection of lists of famous and well known people with various disabilities and conditions including actors, politicians and writers who contributed to society. Known as one of the flashiest of American Ministers, he owns a Rolls Royce, multiple $2. com has books by authors who have written on many subjects: Christian life, personal growth, biographies, inspirational, family, church life, and Bible study. An Israeli-American televangelist, Benny Hinn is best known for his healing crusades that he organizes in large stadiums of major cities around the world. ) is a woman. Say what now? —Police investigating after American flag replaced with Nazi flag in public park— The White House called the gathering Trump's "Meeting with Inner City Pastors and presented. The list of some of the most famous and influential pastors of America is given below. Gospel Preachers Here is a list of names of people and their ministry who are devoted to proclaim the Gospel of Grace. Jakes the best preacher in America, we wondered whether the nation's preachers would agree. Born a free black in New York in 1755, his father died when he was young. On April, 12, 2018, the American Pastors Network conducted a special conference call for Pastors on the topic of church security. This "List of Freemasons" page provides links to alphabetized lists of notable Freemasons. It may surprise fans to know that Katy Perry was actually raised very conservatively. The inclusion of a link is not necessarily intended as an endorsement of all products or material found on that link. Powerful World Christian sayings: Famous quotes about Christian missions. Also told here is the story. Looking for recommended Christian TV and Radio Programs besides the radio preachers listed below--to add to the TTT Recommended list: "Grace to You" by John MacArthur, Word of Grace Communications, Panorama City, CA. English, Sr. But so are some of the nation's most compelling preachers, like Kirbyjon Caldwell, who grew his mostly African-American congregation from barely filling a living room to a multitude that can overwhelm a modest stadium. America has been home to many such reverend pastors who have given new meaning to their religion. Masonic Art Masonic Lodge Martin Sheen Freemasonry Masons International Film Festival Lord And Savior His Eyes Numerology Photo of Martin Sheen - Annual Palm Springs International Film Festival Awards Gala - Red Carpet - Picture Browse more than pictures of celebrity and movie on AceShowbiz. Martin is an assistant professor of religion and politics in the John C. A vile list of heretics, con-men, liars and loyal servants of the devil. He is always succinct, always thoughtful. show, American Idol. Louis, chronicles a forgotten era when sermons by African-American clergy on vinyl (and wax) outsold popular performers such as Bessie Smith and Ma Rainey. Written by Alex Henderson / AlterNet September 2, 2018. 3 Billy Graham age 100 William Franklin "Billy" Graham Jr. Hardy, Oliver (1892-1957) – Legendary American comedian and actor, Oliver Hardy was famous for the slapstick abuse he inflicted upon his partner, English-born Stan Laurel, the other equally legendary half of the Laurel and Hardy duo. , died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound in the driveway of his home while his 800-member church and his family waited for him to show up to preach on Sunday morning. Spencer Collection of American Popular Sheet Music A collection of 25 selected famous Negro spirituals. " Harriet Beecher Stowe attended school at her sister's seminary in Connecticut as a child. Neiliezhü Üsou (1941-2009), an influential Baptist preacher, theologian, Church musician, music teacher and composer from the North-Eastern state of India, Nagaland. Anderson Antunes Contributor Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. Black preachers are known for their passionate delivery of the scripture from the pulpit on Sunday mornings and over time, many have developed identifiable preaching styles that. Celebrity Pastors With Deep Pockets, and Very Shallow Theology - A Full Blown Descent Into American 'Capitalism' "I know that after my departure savage wolves will come in among you, not sparing the flock; and from among your own selves men will arise, speaking perverse things, to draw away the disciples after them. Rhetorical Figures in Sound. There were some who were major influencers of preaching in 1985 who would be little known to today's new generation of pastors; likewise, there are some major influencers today who weren't on the scene 25 years ago. People cheered at him, and everyone wanted to touch him and shake hands, but his attention seemed to be directed at the young, beautiful women whom he kissed and hugged longer than others. Pastors Weekly Message. Moody received his call to serve God at an early age. Moody was one of the most famous American preachers of the 19th century. Fourteen dynamic sermons by outstanding African American women preachers who have achieved distinction in the church pulpit. What topic related to Christianity, faith, and the Bible is trending online and in social media today?. Let us check out the biography, timeline, trivia and facts on America's famous pastors. Get the Guardian Today US email Pelosi bangs the gavel: House votes to endorse Trump impeachment inquiry Vote set rules for public phase of impeachment inquiry, laying out plan that could produce. 07 - Messiahs - Promo, Sneak Peek, Promotional Photos + Synopsis The Largest Collection of TV spoilers and show information for the most popular shows on TV SpoilerTV - TV Spoilers. However, Intercessors for America allows you to provide personal information on our web site. As many as 12% of men and 26% of women will experience major depression during their lifetime, according to the American Medical Association. He is always succinct, always thoughtful. When Time magazine's editors declared T. One of the largest collections of sermons in the African-American pulpit tradition to aid the busy Pastor. Belle Harris Bennett (1852-1922) - missionary and suffragist from Richmond Kentucky who led the Southern Methodist Church reform giving women full laity rights in 1919. We hired a van. There are many different activities out there by some of these people and we would suggest that you study our Articles Page to discover some of what is going on in today's. Seventh-day Adventist pastors and ministers around the globe constitute the publication's main readership although many clergy of other communities of faith also receive the magazine. I discovered a world of prayer traditions across the Judeo-Christian faith family, including some of the weird uncles and crazy cousins. Famous People. A motivational speaker or inspirational speaker is a speaker who makes speeches intended to motivate or inspire an audience. Pastors & Elders. I mean a "Great" preacher. African-American Preachers Are Fed Up With Far-Right White Evangelicals — and They Have Every Reason to Be. Global launch. There were some who were major influencers of preaching in 1985 who would be little known to today's new generation of pastors; likewise, there are some major influencers today who weren't on the scene 25 years ago. Her 1968 debut in Julia, the first series on American television to star a black woman in a non-stereotypical role, was a milestone both in her career and the medium. Get this from a library! Raccoon John Smith : frontier Kentucky's most famous preacher. View biography of all famous australian Pastors - page 1. He serves as the Executive Pastor of the 20,000 member Cornerstone Church in San Antonio, Texas where he partners with his father, founder Paster John Hagee. Participants will experience authentic sacramental worship, innovative and thought-provoking workshops, exceptional preaching and teaching, and soul-stirring music and the arts. Preachers in mainline denominations often take an intellectual approach to the sermon. He is the third richest pastors in the world. Grow your faith with these popular, Christian women authors. 1737 - 1809). -BLACK HISTORY MONTH- FAMOUS BLACK ARKANSANS These African Americans made strides in the history of Arkansas in their various fields. Select your favorite author and keep coming back for their latest releases. #5 Jonathan Edwards, Scholar, Author and Preacher Jonathan Edwards is believed by many scholars, both secular and Christian, to be the greatest intellect and philosopher that America ever produced. Throughout history some members of the fraternity have made no secret of their involvement, while others have not made their membership public. 1993 - Accepted into the United States Naval Academy where Matthew Roy Blunt received a bachelor's degree in history. Thurmond N. Pastors who fail to equip their congregations according to God's word. Joyce Meyer (American – net worth of $8 million) She is one of the most popular preachers in the United States and she is said to worth $8 million. Movies tagged as 'Preacher' by the Listal community. His style, whether it be charismatic or serious delivers a powerful message from God's Holy Word. In an age of fancy pants televangelists, soft-spoken ministers and almost cartoonish local clergy, it might be difficult for the average American to understand that not too long ago, there was a sect of preachers who feared neither man nor beast. The freeway from the San Francisco airport to San Jose was still buzzing in my ears when I stepped into the parking lot of an unassuming church and the most famous exorcist in America walked up. The idea of the gun-toting preacher thus showcases the power of individual self-assertion, while also often emphasizing the importance of protecting and preserving a wider community. " At 57 years old, he has an easy smile, an abiding love for the Giants and strong convictions about the nature of evil. On the other, it's, at times, a place that can function to represent hypocrisy and promote mis-interpretations of the Bible. —Sean Wilentz, winner of the Bancroft Prize for The Rise of American Democracy "The title is not misleading. From Rick Warren to Chuck Colson and from David Barton to Douglas Coe, America's influential lot of evangelists has led the nation to greatness and goodness in profound spiritual ways. Oliver Hardy was a Freemason in Solomon Lodge No. Feel free to use these inspirational quotes in your sermons, lectures, newsletters, and Bible studies. A Montana native, Brazington also claims, without providing public proof, that he is a former decorated police officer who once worked as a bodyguard for presidents, heads of state and celebrities. Get the Guardian Today US email Pelosi bangs the gavel: House votes to endorse Trump impeachment inquiry Vote set rules for public phase of impeachment inquiry, laying out plan that could produce. African-American whose daring rescues helped hundreds of slaves to freedom. Scripture makes it clear that women are not to have spiritual authority over men. That was a big part of the reason he walked away at the peak of his professional career. Marco Rubio. Bob Jones Sr. Bresee, (1838–1915), founder of the Church of the Nazarene Albert Benjamin Simpson, (1843–1919), preacher, writer, founder of the Christian and Missionary Alliance. Mott - missionary, statesman, honorary first president of the World Council of Churches. With his spruce good looks and his constant messages of 'living life to full potential', 'living in victory' and 'seizing destiny moments', Osteen is no ordinary preacher. William Ellery Channing - poet (nephew and namesake of leading Unitarian preacher Dr. Effective preachers and ministers have a way of touching our souls without saying much. Born a free black in New York in 1755, his father died when he was young. Warnock preaches from one of the most historic pulpits in the country: Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta. by Dr Don Batten. As many as 12% of men and 26% of women will experience major depression during their lifetime, according to the American Medical Association. Both Protestant pastors and Catholic priests know that most funeral homes engage in deceitful and unfair trade practices which fraudulently take advantage of the public. Cassidy has no filter and is frequently making wise-cracks that will live on forever in Preacher lore, so let's review some of his funniest, and most biting quotes. Grow your faith with these popular, Christian women authors. Paul told Timothy to 'Reflect on what I am saying and the Lord will give you insight' (2 Tim. This famous early American pastor, writer, and one-time president of Princeton University had 11 children. Rapper Shai Linne recently released a song that calls out prosperity gospel teachers by name. Asian-American pastors and church leaders who serve in an Asian-American church hit a ceiling when it comes to their influence. Jakes preaches "Let Them Walk," Dr. 8 Famous Islamic Preachers Being an Islamic preacher or scholar requires great patience and deep understanding of the religion. Thoroughly researched, passionately written, and richly detailed, this book is the biography of America's greatest nineteenth-century preacher, Henry Ward Beecher. Kent writes, "Pastors and teachers are named as one grammatical unit (by use of just one article in the Greek text)" (72). Barbara Brown-Taylor. searchusapeople. A Pastor to Pastors. The one's that I most love, that I most appreciate are the local pastors of local churches who are never on the radio. It is not an easy task, and only those with true faith would be able to stand firm and on the right path. A master of revival meetings and faith healing, Benny Hinn is also an author and is considered to be one of the best preachers in the world today. Thomas Dexter "T. Asian-American pastors and church leaders who serve in an Asian-American church hit a ceiling when it comes to their influence. Jakes and Joyce Meyer and Brian McLaren have distorted the gospel and done great damage to the church. the greatest quotes of all time! This list contains the funniest and most profound thoughts from the greatest personalities of all time. Christianity Today Weekly (Weekly)CTWeekly delivers the best content from ChristianityToday. Cheating at Church: Most Scandalous Pastors. Cassidy has no filter and is frequently making wise-cracks that will live on forever in Preacher lore, so let's review some of his funniest, and most biting quotes. Hill preaches "A Christian Thanksgiving" and Dr. The American Pastors Network, its members, staff, associates, and affiliates claim no responsibility for the overall content, products, or representations contained within any outside website links. David Oyedepo. Modern Christian history has been shaped by African-American preachers. Great Men of God & Preachers & Evangelists & Pastors. Second Great Awakening for kids: Background and History of the First Great Awakening. , died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound in the driveway of his home while his 800-member church and his family waited for him to show up to preach on Sunday morning. Among all of the showbiz and glamor, a few preachers have lost their way and become embroiled in. The NBC has the largest predominantly African-American Christian denomination in the United States and is the world's second-largest Baptist denomination with a membership of around 10 million. A split in the Missionary Baptist General Convention in 1981 led to the formation of the Central Missionary Baptist General Convention of Texas. Clips are taken from speeches, movies, sermons, and sensational media events and delivered by politicians, actors, preachers, athletes, and other notable personalities. Verses 6 and 9 in Psalm 33 say, "The LORD created the heavens by his command, the sun, moon, and stars by his spoken word. iConnects are a small group of people that meet weekly at coffee shops and other locations to inspire and engage with others. Let's pause here for a moment. We believe it's important for pastors and leaders to have an answer ready on this hot-button cultural issue. php https://www. Black preachers who preached for Whites: John Stewart, who preached also among Native Americans in his Ohio ministry; Uncle Jack, a Baptist pastor in Nottoway Count, Virginia; John Chaves, a Princeton-trained Presbyterian in Virginia and North Carolina (also a schoolmaster in. This gallery is perfect to find artwork to decorate the walls of your church or the residence of any church member that wishes to create a more spiritual environment in their home. Most of them have written books, or at least have documented many of their sermons, so that their great teachings can still be learned today. Home > Christian History > Topics > Preachers & Evangelists Trailblazing African American Preacher and 'self-made' woman. A master of revival meetings and faith healing, Benny Hinn is also an author and is considered to be one of the best preachers in the world today. Known as one of the flashiest of American Ministers, he owns a Rolls Royce, multiple $2. Constituted December 1777. Fanny Crosby (1820-1915), blind American writer of many famous hymns including "Blessed Assurance" Phineas F. MAPS welcomes submissions of original essays and teaching materials related to MAPS poets and the Anthology of Modern American Poetry. Barbara Brown-Taylor. Evangelical Christianity is often characterized by its preachers' flamboyance and charisma and their focus on entertainment and supposed acts of God over traditional churches' more somber sermons. In the year 1940 at the height of the historical Harlem Renaissance, he courageously debated the infamous "Father Divine" in New York City, and established the Harlem Church of Christ within one week. People with disabilities include actors, actresses, celebrities, singers, world leaders, and many other famous people. The third amazing new edition in the PREACHER series, collecting issues #18-26. America's New People's Pastor These are heady times for Rick Warren. Few church members are likely to be disinterested in whether their pastor believes in God. It is Christ who adds colors, glory, and beauty to man's sunsets. Our culture is in desperate need of Christ and what better place to learn of Him than in the Church?. Faith is a strong guiding force in the lives of many African American women. Toni Ridgaway. The 25 Most Influential Evangelicals in America. David Oyedepo. In 1901 she made Pentecostal history by being the first member of this Bible school to speak with other tongues. Today, she is an internationally known mouth artist, a talented vocalist, a radio host, an author of 17 books and an advocate for disabled persons worldwide. com/blog/children-safety. A televangelist, Joel Osteen is a famous American preacher and is the Pastor of Lakewood Church. Both of her parents were preachers, and Perry and her siblings were very sheltered from the world. In 1949, the name of Bruno Gröning became famous overnight. Nigerian Chris Oyakhilome has a net worth of $50 million. 5 million dollar estates and in recent years been given an F by the Ministry Watch for financial transparency. https://www. Jeremiah Wright, pastor of Trinity United Church of Christ in Chicago, is known for being unabashed when speaking about subjects such as AIDS in the African-American community. Preachers who don't practice whooping will call whoopers when they want to pack their churches for special events. Listed below is a viral parody of 10 popular preaching styles of black pastors along with some closely matched examples of popular preachers from American pulpits. Get Connected - App/Flocknote. Born into slavery in Maryland in 1815, Garnet escaped to New England with his father when he was nine years old. Great for the history student's classic audio library!. Pearson's story attracted the attention of many, including Come Sunday director Joshua Marston, when the preacher appeared in the "Heretics" episode of This American Life back in 2005. Evans, the first African-American to. 4 Powerful Black Women Pastors Although men have generally held the leading positions in the church, there are some women ministers that have risen to the top. Anderson Antunes Contributor Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. 100's of Sermons of Great Men of God and Great Preachers here To see a list of Biographies of Great Men of God and Great Preachers here A Christian denomination is a distinct religious body within Christianity, identified by traits such as a name, organization, leadership and doctrine. The result: Pastors keep falling into sexual immorality and idolatry even while people with strong personalities are falsely labeled Jezebels and ostracized. The crowd gathered at the memorial hushed as a small woman took the stage and spoke into the microphone and said "I am Phan Thi Kim Phuc, the girl made famous by a photograph after suffering a Napalm attack by American forces" John froze. Sproul, exists to proclaim, teach, and defend the holiness of God in all its fullness to as many people as possible. This greatest male televangelists list contains the most prominent and top males known for being televangelists, both living and dead. After the war he became one of the South's most prominent leaders, especially in the religious realm. MAPS welcomes submissions of original essays and teaching materials related to MAPS poets and the Anthology of Modern American Poetry. com! Free video from popular Christian television ministries including Joel Osteen, TD Jakes, Beth Moore, Jack Graham, Kay Arthur, Tony Evans, Rick Warren and more. And yet, with strange inconsistency, we are shocked when other people despise and defile the things which are holy to us. I explored the world of revivals and prayer warriors, and I came across some absolutely epic prayers from intercessors throughout history. There are several prayers that I regularly pray as a preacher. You probably wouldn't think of "religious leader" as a job that would bring in big bucks, and for the most part, you'd be right: Catholic priests make just $25,000 to $30,000 per year,. list by JT_X on Discogs. In some cases, famous television pastors use their own personal experiences and pain to inspire others, as well as establish programs designed to help their communities. wav An unidentified preacher addresses his radio audience on the question "Can a Christian be Demon possessed". Osteen spent much of his career behind the scenes. He is a writer, preacher and movie producer. From 1868 through 1871, he served as the. House of Representatives. We exist in 20 cities around the world where we:. The result was hundreds of nominations of preachers who have made an impact beyond the lives of their own churches. The Convocation is a response to the growing need for pastors serving Black communities to be encouraged, inspired and retooled in their work. He is the host of The Adam Carolla Project, before which he hosted a weekday morning radio program broadcast f. The Bible is not a book to be studied as we study geology and astronomy, merely. We do not endorse all sites linked on this page or agree with the views of those sites. Jakes and Bishop Eddie Long, and he was associated during the early 2000s with the Promise Keepers movement,. In 1949, the name of Bruno Gröning became famous overnight. iConnects are a small group of people that meet weekly at coffee shops and other locations to inspire and engage with others. votes of church members B. By Mike Young. Feb 8, 2017- Explore olandos's board "Black Preachers", followed by 303 people on Pinterest. Modern Christian history has been shaped by African-American preachers. The crowd gathered at the memorial hushed as a small woman took the stage and spoke into the microphone and said "I am Phan Thi Kim Phuc, the girl made famous by a photograph after suffering a Napalm attack by American forces" John froze. The 25 Most Influential Evangelicals in America. When Time magazine's editors declared T. Thurmond N. Our culture is in desperate need of Christ and what better place to learn of Him than in the Church?. the prosperity gospel, word-faith, word of faith, health and wealth gospel, name-it-and-claim-it, etc. Vernon Johns – (1892-1965) Prince Edward; Uncle of Barbara Johns and minister at several black churches in the South and a pioneer in the civil rights movement. I will not be a velvet-mouthed preacher. Jakes age. Famous Christian Quotes by famous preachers. After graduating from Harvard College in 1673, Wise preached at Branford, Conn. Billy Graham (1918-2018). He passionately spoke against slavery in 1859 even though his publisher warned him that Americans might not continue to purchase his sermons. Image Number: RC11971. Movies > Preacher Movies. It was the Great Awakening which, some historians say, gave birth for the first time to a shared. Pastors are called to equip the Christian for the work of the ministry in all aspects of life (Eph. Joel Scott Osteen is an American preacher, televangelist, author, 4 Harold Camping. Baptist theologians have been preachers, pastors, evangelists, and missionaries. Yes, undeniably, there are men whose views on the issue are clouded by chauvinism. But in many places, even ones that are officially supportive of female pastors, it is still a rarity. He corresponded with Swiss, German, and English theologians; he wrote to kings, princes, and queens. And real America "was founded as a Christian nation" where "We don't worship Buddha, we don't worship. Preachers in mainline denominations often take an intellectual approach to the sermon. John Wise, (baptized Aug. Scriptures against false preachers. under inhabited. For over 40 years Apologetics Press has published books related to alleged Bible discrepancies and contradictions, the existence of God, the inspirati. Sunsets are always glorious. Martin Luther King Jr. It's easy to call them wolves in sheeps clothing, and I think in large. Representative was Rev. He would out-act the actors in his preaching, because they became actors to make imaginary things look real, and he became the preacher-actor to make real things look like what they are. Who are the top preachers in the world? This includes the most prominent preachers, living and dead, both in America and abroad. Our culture is in desperate need of Christ and what better place to learn of Him than in the Church?. It is interesting that this panel seemed to naturally gravitate toward evangelicals who influence other evangelicals, which perhaps is why so many chose authors and pastors. show, American Idol. (Roman Catholic clergy and high-profile leaders from New Religious Movements are not within the scope of this list. Edwards embodies puritanism to most people today and his sermons are still published and read widely. His work was vital to the emergence of a specifically American school of abstract art Calouste Gulbenkian: Oil Baron "Mr. William Owens launched his national campaign in May calling on African-Americans to withdraw their support of President Obama because of his stance on gay marriage, he has claimed the backing of 3,700 black clergy and touted his organization as predominantly Democratic. 12 Gospel Artists Who Are Also Pastors. OTHERS: Frederic A. He passionately spoke against slavery in 1859 even though his publisher warned him that Americans might not continue to purchase his sermons. Select your favorite author and keep coming back for their latest releases. Famous TV Pastors. America's Greatest Tent Preachers Heralds of Healing: Listen to rare recordings by early Pentecostal tent evangelist Jack Coe, A. The honor is significant in many ways, but particularly because it is the first time that EBONY's experts have named the top women preachers. Billy Graham grew one of the largest ministries in history and avoided the scandals of other famous televangelists. Nadia Bolz-Weber invites readers into a surprising encounter with what she calls "a religious but not-so-spiritual life. "The Most Famous Sermon in American History" The Place: Enfield, CT. Jakes and Joyce Meyer and Brian McLaren have distorted the gospel and done great damage to the church. A Pastor to Pastors. However, Intercessors for America allows you to provide personal information on our web site. Jonathan Edwards Church of Christ in Northampton Reiner Smolinski , Editor Georgia State University, [email protected] George Bush, 33rd Degree Freemason, ex-president of the USA, ex-director of the CIA.


text:
Alfred M. Truit
Full Name: Alfred M. Truit
Other surnames: Truitt
Date of death: Deceased, date unknown
S 7 Nov 5, 1849 - Nov 3, 1851 3rd (1) (2) (3) (4) Unknown / Shelby Nacogdoches, Shelby
(1) District No. 7, represented Nacogdoches and Shelby Counties. Act approved Mar. 1848, 2nd Legislature, ch. 162, Apportionment Laws of Texas, 1836-1950, 1950.
(2) Entire Senate went up for reelection due to Senatorial redistricting. Act approved Jan. 16, 1850, 3rd Legislature, ch. 44. Apportionment Laws of Texas, 1836-1950, 1950.
(3) Roster of members elect of the 3rd Legislature, Matthewson, R.C., Texas State Gazette [Austin, Tex.], 9/29/1849, p. 6, crediting The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History. Portal to Texas History (University of North Texas Libraries).
(4) 3rd Legislature, Regular Session - 11/5/1849, p. 3. Listed in "roll of Senators being called by Districts, the following gentlemen presented their credentials, took the oath prescribed by the Constitution and their seats." Senate Journal.
Biographical sketch, James Alfred Truit, 11th Legislature, pp. 63-64. Relatives: James Alfred Truit, father; Alfred M. Truit, son. "[James Alfred] Truit and his family settled in Shelby County in 1840 . . ." The Texas Senate: Volume II, Civil War to the Eve of Reform, 1861-1889, 1999.
Possibly Alfred M. Truitt mentioned in list of officers who served in the Texas regiments in a discussion of the period following Texas joining the union in 1846, Volume 1, Chapter VIII, "The Lone Star Under the Star Spangled Banner," p. 149. East Texas: Its History and Its Makers, 1940.
Census of 1860 - Possibly A.M. Truit, post office: Truitt Store, Shelby County, age 42, born in NC, occupation: [?] merchant. No A.M. or Alfred M. Truit listed in Nacogdoches census of 1860-1880. HeritageQuest Online.
Listed in 3rd Legislature as A.M. Truitt, p. 196. The Texas Senate: Volume I, Republic to Civil War, 1836-1861, 1990.
3rd R.S. - 1849
Governor's Message, Select
Land Scrips, Loan Bonds, and Other Obligations Issued by the Late Republic of Texas in Comptroller's Office


How To Update iTunes On Windows PC?
If you are a "Windows" user you can update iTunes by following the steps mentioned below.
Open iTunes by clicking on "iTunes" icon.
Go to "Help" > and select "Check for updates".
How To Update iTunes On Mac ?
Open iTunes on your Mac system.
On the menu bar, select "iTunes".
For more assistance regarding how to update itunes, you can speak to the expert by calling on Apple UK Support number.
This entry was posted in Apple iTunes Problems, General Apple Problems and tagged how to update itunes, latest itunes update, update itunes manually, update itunes on mac, update itunes on pc.


text:
The Ultimate Automotive Rewind
Old Car Memories > Classic Cars > 1969-1973 Plymouth Fury – Elegant Big Car Styling
Import Classic Cars
Performance Times
1989 Bentley Turbo R – When Bentley Returned to Performance
Book Review – McQueen's Machines: The Cars and Bikes of a Hollywood Icon
Preview: 2018 Dodge Challenger SRT Demon – the Ultimate Muscle Car but Wretched Name
1975 Chevrolet Caprice Classic Convertible – Full-Size Ragtop Farewell
1987-1992 Pontiac Firebird Formula 350 – Performance For Pennies On The Dollar
Tony Soprano's 1999 Chevrolet Suburban 1500 LT – as Delightful as Gabagool
2011 Jeep Grand Cherokee Overland – A Bargain at Twice the Price
Why the 1975-1980 AMC Pacer Failed
Why U.S. 5.0 Liter V8s were the 1980s V8 Standard
Pontiac GTO History – Part 2: 1968-1969
1984-1988 Pontiac Fiero – Why was it Cancelled?
Ford's 5 Most Significant Engines
1965 Chevrolet Corvette L78 396 V8 – a Very Unique Corvette
1974 Chevrolet Impala Spirit of America – America's Bicentennial Car
5 Best 1980s American Luxury Cars
1969-1973 Plymouth Fury – Elegant Big Car Styling
Pete Dunton
The Plymouth Fury which first debuted during the mid-1950s, quickly evolved into a very attractive bold sporty full-size car for 1957-1960. By 1961, the Fury had more conservative boxy styling. The 4-door 1962 Fury was Ward Cleaver's car in later episodes the Leave to Beaver TV show. As the 1960s progressed Fury styling continued to get more conservative. Then in 1969, all of the Chrysler Corporation's full-size cars had a major redesign which gave them attractive sleek big car styling.
For 1969, the Fury was the recipient of Chrysler's full-size C-body platform's new styling. This new styling was referred to as the fuselage styling due to the curved side body panels. It can't be emphasized enough how important it was that the Fury now had attractive sporty styling especially in 2-door form. The full-size 2-door car market was a big market since it allowed families to own a sporty 2-door car which had enough room for 6 adults, this allowed these sporty 2-door cars to haul kids around town and lots of groceries in the trunk. In other words a full-size sporty 2-door like the 1969 Fury gave a family a sporty car that was 100% functional in day-to-day family duties. The Fury's overall body styling remained the same from 1969-1973 with only moderate updates from year-to-year. The Fury during these years was available in a 2-door hardtop, 2-door convertible, 4-door coupe, 4-door sedan, and 4-door station wagon. There were numerous trim levels offered during these model years, the Fury I, Fury II, and Fury III were the most popular.
The best performance oriented Fury model was the 1970-1971 Sport Fury GT, it was as sporty and attractive as a Dodge Charger, and had as its standard engine a high-performance 440 cubic-inch V8 along with standard dual exhaust with chrome tips and a special handling package. For 1970, surprisingly the 390 horsepower 6-pack 440 V8 was on the Sport Fury GT option list. It was listed on the option list for 1971 but it never made it into any Fury models for 1971.
Worth noting, the 440 V8 powered 1969-1973 Fury police cars were popular among the different police forces especially for highway patrol duties, and as you can imagine these Furys were feared by speeders back in the day. They were very hard to outrun with a top speed of close to 150 mph for the 1969-1971 high-performance 440 V8 Fury police cars.
It can't be stressed enough, that the Plymouth Fury's styling was very bold and helped to differentiate the Fury from the large cars offered by GM and Ford at the time. The 1968 Fury had very conservative body styling which was very similar looking to GM's big cars at the time, its double decker headlight design appeared to be copied from Pontiac's full-size mid-1960s car offerings. The 1969 Fury was a breath of fresh air since no matter which Fury model was ordered, it was a unique car that could not be mistaken for anything GM or Ford produced. The styling was uniquely Mopar and though there were mild updates from 1969 through 1973, the same basic attractive overall shape didn't change. The mild changes consisted of mostly of revised front-end and rear-end styling changes. Even today it's so easy to identify a 1969-1973 Fury. If one confuses it with another car it's a usually with another 1969-1973 Chrysler or Dodge fuselage styled model. Even so Plymouth managed to do a great job of differentiating the Fury's styling from other Chrysler and Dodge fuselage cars. The tall curved door and side panels were the brilliance of 1969-1973 Chrysler fuselage design, which necessitated the shorter in height side windows. It gave these fuselage Mopars a very unique styling that would never be copied by any other automaker.
The Fury's styling was a real winner, during this time it improved from year-to-year. Starting in 1970 and continuing through the 1972 model year the Fury received a very sporty Dodge Charger type wrap-around front bumper treatment. When equipped from 1970 through 1972 with hidden retractable headlights the front end gave the Fury even more of a Dodge Charger look.
Another aspect often overlooked about the 1969-1973 Fury was it had unibody construction which most new cars use today. GM and Ford for its large cars during this time period used the older body-on-frame design. Fury sales were very strong during the 1969-1973 model years, it was Plymouth's golden era. When an all-new Fury arrived for 1974, it was back to conservative styling. Plymouth would continue on but it would slowly fade away until its final demise in 2001. Big cars like the Plymouth Fury would also see their final demise, but the 1969-1973 Fury's unique very elegant fuselage styling, ironically lives on in the current 2018 Dodge Challenger.
Click on the link below, to watch the video of this article via Old Car Memories' YouTube channel:
Written contents in this article – © 2017 Pete Dunton – All Rights Reserved
« Why the 1998-2011 Ford Crown Victoria is a Modern Legend
1973-1975 Chevrolet Caprice Classic – Chevy's Last Full-Size Convertible »
Old Car Memories - Potomac Web Designs, LLC


text:
MenuSign in
The Genomics Era
We would like to start the course by summarising some of the key terms that you will meet over the next few weeks.
The glossary below provides a list of key terms used throughout the course. You do not need to read them all now; we'll be linking back to this step wherever these terms appear, so you may refer back to this list if you are unsure of the terminology being used:
Alignment The process of matching reads back to their original position in the reference genome.
Allele An allele is one of a number of alternative forms of the same gene or genetic locus. We inherit one copy of our genetic code from our mother and one copy of our genetic code from our father. Each copy is known as an allele.
Array CGH Microarray based genomic comparative hybridisation. This is a technique used to detect chromosome imbalances by comparing patient and control DNA and comparing differences between the two sets. It is a useful technique for detecting small chromosome deletions and duplications which would not have been detected with more traditional karyotyping techniques.
Base A unit of DNA. There are four bases which form the cross links (or rungs) of the DNA double helix: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C).
Capture see Target enrichment.
Cell differentiation The process by which a cell becomes specialized in order to perform a specific function.
Centromere The point at which the sister chromatids are joined.
Chromosome A structure located in the nucleus all living cells, comprised of DNA bound around proteins called histones. The normal number of chromosomes in each human cell nucleus is 46 and is composed of 22 pairs of autosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes which determine gender: males have an X and a Y chromosome whilst females have two X chromosomes.
Chromatid Two identical copies from the replication of a single chromosome. Therefore a sister chromatid refers to either of the two identical copies.
Clinical exome sequencing Differs per laboratory, but usually involves sequencing of all genes known to be associated with human disease.
Coverage The number of reads giving information about the base present at a set position in the reference sequence.
Crystallography The experimental science of determining the arrangement of atoms in crystalline solids.
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is a molecule consisting of two long chains of nucleotides twisted together to form a double helix. Genes are made from DNA.
DNA sequencing The process of determining the order of the bases – adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine – in a molecule of DNA.
Epigenome Chemical marks on the DNA, regulating whether the gene is turned "on" or "off".
Exome The coding portion of the genes. The exome constitutes 1-2 % of the genome.
Gene A portion of DNA that serves as the basic unit of heredity.
Genome The entirety of an individual's genetic material including ≅20 000 genes and the genetic material between genes.
Gene panel A collection of genes to be sequenced together, which are usually linked by common biological pathways, or known disease associations.
Germline mutations Where a genetic error occurs in the egg or sperm pre fertilization. Therefore, the genetic mutation is passed onto the offspring.
Haploid A cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
Histones Histones are basic proteins which function as spools for thread-like DNA to wrap itself around, allowing DNA to be packaged efficiently.
Homologous chromosomes A pair of chromosomes which have the same genes at the same loci.
Indel An insertion or deletion.
Karyotype The number and appearance of the chromosomes when viewed down a microscope.
Mapping See Alignment.
Meiosis Occurs in the production of sperm and eggs. Four daughter cells are produced from the original parent cell. There are two stages to meiosis, meiosis 1 and meiosis 2. At the end of meiosis, each daughter cell has only 23 chromosomes.
Missense mutation A missense mutation describes where a base substitution or change results in a codon which causes the insertion of a different amino acid into a protein. [see non-synonymous change]
Mitosis Occurs at the end of normal cell division. Two daughter cells are produced from one parent cell, both with the same number of chromosomes (46) as the parent cell.
Mosaicism Where a genetic error occurs after fertilisation, resulting in two distinct genetic cell lines.
Next Generation sequencing High-throughput DNA sequencing where millions of DNA bases are sequenced in parallel.
Non-pathogenic Not disease-causing.
Non-synonymous change A non-synonymous change describes where a base substitution or change results in a codon which causes the insertion of a different amino acid into a protein. [see missense mutation]
Nucleotide A nucleotide is composed of a DNA base, a phosphate and a pentose sugar.
Pathogenic Disease-causing.
Pharmacogenomics The branch of genetics concerned with determining the likely response of an individual to therapeutic drugs.
Phenotype The set of observable characteristics of an individual as a result of their genotype/environment.
Pull down see Target enrichment.
Read A computer generated sequence of bases representing the sequenced code from an original DNA fragment.
Reference sequence/genome An assembled version of a genome that can be used to make comparisons to the genomes from other individuals.
RNA Ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins.
Single nucleotide polymorphism A single base substitution occurring at high frequency (more than 1%) in the general population.
Somatic mosaicism The existance of genetically distinct cells lines in the body of an individual, but not the sex cells (germline)
Spindle Fibres which draw the chromosomes to either end of the poles during mitosis and meiosis.
Target enrichment A method for selecting a specific portion of the genome to undergo sequencing.
Transcription Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
Translation Translation is the step after transcription, in which cellular ribosomes use the RNA to produce a specific protein.
Variant of uncertain significance An alteration to the DNA sequence where it is unclear (on the basis of the available evidence) whether it is disease-causing or not.
Whole (human) exome sequencing Sequencing the portion of the genome which codes for proteins.
Whole (human) genome sequencing Sequencing of the entire length of the human genome.
We thank Miranda Shanks for her help in developing this glossary.
This article is from the free online course:
The Genomics Era: the Future of Genetics in Medicine
Sign in Find out more
Get a taste of this course
Find out what this course is like by previewing some of the course steps before you join:
1.1video
Welcome to Week 1
2.4article
Errors in recombination
5.13video
Responsibility in the genomic era
More courses you might like
Learners who joined this course have also enjoyed these courses.
Kickstart Your Career: Getting Ahead at University
Building a satisfying career is a lifelong process. Use this course to take the first step and start university on the front foot.
2 hrs per week
Included in Unlimited
Part of a degree
Why Experience Matters: Qualitative Research
Explore the methods and tools qualitative researchers use to understand human behaviour and solve social problems.
German at Work Intermediate 1: Deutsch am Arbeitsplatz
Develop your understanding of the German language and consolidate your communication skills for the workplace.
Browse more in Health & Psychology
Healthcare · Healthcare Technology


text:
The 1979 Canarian Island Cabildo elections were held on Tuesday, 3 April 1979, to elect the 1st Island Cabildos of El Hierro, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, La Gomera, La Palma, Lanzarote and Tenerife. All 137 seats in the seven Island Cabildos were up for election. The elections were held simultaneously with local elections all throughout Spain.

Overall

Island Cabildo control
The following table lists party control in the Island Cabildos.

Islands

El Hierro

Fuerteventura

Gran Canaria

Distribution by constituency

La Gomera

La Palma

Distribution by constituency

Lanzarote

Tenerife

Distribution by constituency

See also
Results breakdown of the 1979 Spanish local elections (Canary Islands)

References

Canary Islands
1979

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Solutions for the aluminium industry
About Sinppa
Sinppa Industry was established in 2004. It occupies 120,000㎡with monthly production capacity of 2,500 tons aluminum ingot, and more than 40 existing staff. Sinppa adheres to produce quality aluminum products with the professional equipments, advanced technology and scientific management.
Sinppa also invests the Sinppa Industrial (Malaysia) with monthly production capacity of 5,000 tons aluminum for the first phase to play a vital role in the global aluminum recycling ecosystem, processing scrap metal from sources such as shredded autos to produce specification aluminum ingot and alloys. The finished products are widely sold to manufacturers of auto and motorcycle parts, construction, and other industrial and commercial products.
We supplies aluminum alloy ingots and sows to leading manufacturers of rolled aluminum sheet, plate, brazing sheet and extruded products for use in aerospace, building and construction, automotive, distribution and transportation industry segments.
Aluminium is almost always alloyed, which markedly improves its mechanical properties, especially when tempered. For example, the common aluminium foils and beverage cans are alloys of 92% to 99% aluminium. The main alloying agents are copper, zinc, magnesium, manganese, and silicon (e.g., duralumin) and the levels of these other metals are in the range of a few percent by weight.
Aluminum alloy Ingots
oriental fabric buttons
toggle buttons
satin blouse button up
zippers for sewing 18 inch
sailor button pants
tortoise shell buttons wholesale
Sinppa invests the Sinppa Industrial (Malaysia) with monthly production capacity of 5,000 tons aluminum for the first phase to play a vital role in the global aluminum recycling ecosystem, processing scrap metal from sources such as shredded autos to produce specification aluminum ingot and alloys.
Copyright 2019. Email: [email protected]


Mellor Youth Fellowship (MYF) meet in the Church Narthex once a month on Friday evening, 7.30 - 9.00pm. Cost £1 per child and there is a tuck shop available. Children from Year 6 and above are welcome to join us. In order for MYF to be an ongoing success we will need adult volunteers to help on a rota basis - if you are interested please contact Karen Walsh (07507 293484).
We meet on the 2nd Friday of the month. Why not come along to see what we are all about. In 2012 we will be working on the Childrens Corner in Church to add new things and make it brighter!
Saturday 16th June - organised trip by the Diocese of Blackburn to Camelot Theme Park. £13 per child.


text:
Progress of Pakistan since 1947
Pakistan has faced numerous difficulties since its independence in 1947, including a weak economy, dishonest and incompetent leaders, inadequate civil institutions, conflict and security issues, and regional instability. However, Pakistan has already demonstrated great resiliency in the face of tragedy.
Pakistan has advanced significantly in terms of industry, airlines, embassies, literacy rates, exports, and so much more.
Pakistan has come a long way in terms of literacy rate. At the time of the first census in 1950, the overall literacy rate was 14% in Pakistan.
The current literacy rate of Pakistan is 58.00%. We have defeated illiteracy with the help of the Pakistani government's ministry of education. 22 million pupils can now easily access schools and institutions.
GDP by Industry:
Out of the 921 industrial units in the subcontinent, Pakistan only received 34 at the time of independence. They were the cotton textile, cigarette, sugar, rice husking, cotton ginning, and flour milling sectors; collectively, they produced just 7% of the GDP and employed just over 26,000 people.
Now, Pakistan has the 22nd-largest economy. Pakistan's industries have prospered over the years and are now responsible for 64% of GDP, up from only producing 7%. Agriculture, the automotive sector, cement, steel, tobacco, chemicals, machinery, and the cotton textile industry are among the major industries.
Radio Pakistan:
According to one of the pioneers of Radio Pakistan, three radio stations in Dhaka, Lahore, and Peshawar existed at the time of Independence. In 1947 there was no radio station in Karachi, the capital of Pakistan.
Now, Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation (PBC, Radio Pakistan) is operating 67 broadcasting units. These stations spread across the country and cover 98% of the population and 80% of the total area of Pakistan.
Embassies and consulates in Pakistan:
Since the creation of Pakistan in 1947, Pakistan faced a lot of struggles. Iran was the first country to open its embassy in Pakistan.
Now, there are about 59 Foreign Embassies and 68 Consulates placed in the territory of Pakistan.
Pakistan International Airlines:
PIA was founded on 29 October 1946 as Orient Airways and was initially based in Calcutta, British India, before shifting operations to the newly independent state of Pakistan in 1947.
After facing a lot of challenges, Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) has become one of the best airlines in the world. PIA is Pakistan's largest airline and operates a fleet of 29 aircraft. PIA's expansion is uninterrupted, and the airline now serves every domestic destination as well as international locations on four different continents.
Universities and Colleges in Pakistan:
Education is a necessity for any country's development. At the time of independence, there were only a few colleges and universities in Pakistan.
Now, there are over 190 universities and 2900 affiliated colleges in Pakistan.
IT sector of Pakistan:
Pakistan's digital growth is undergoing a rapid transformation. One of Pakistan's fastest-growing industries, IT/ITeS contributes around 1% of the country's GDP or about 3.5 billion USD. It has already doubled in the last four years. In the next two to four years, it will expand another 100% to $7 billion, analysts predict.
Tourism Industry:
The tourist industry in Pakistan has a lot of potential. The fastest growth rates in tourist arrivals are currently being seen in Pakistan. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council, the direct contribution of travel and tourism to Pakistan's GDP in 2016 was ₨793 billion (equivalent to ₨4.0 trillion or US$18 billion in 2021), constituting 2.7% of the total GDP. By 2025, the government predicts tourism will contribute ₨1 trillion (US$4.4 billion) to the Pakistani economy.
Pakistan is experiencing a crisis, yet all is not lost, and there is still hope for Pakistan.
(2022). Retrieved 13 August 2022, from https://www.pjbf.org.pk/pakistan-industry
(2022). Retrieved 13 August 2022, from https://www.piac.com.pk/corporate/about-us/history
Radio Pakistan – Wikipedia. (2022). Retrieved 13 August 2022, from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Pakistan
(2022). Retrieved 13 August 2022, from https://www.embassy-worldwide.com/country/pakistan/
Tourism in Pakistan – Wikipedia. (2022). Retrieved 13 August 2022, from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Pakistan
(2022). Retrieved 13 August 2022, from https://invest.gov.pk/sites/default/files/inline-files/IT.pdf
Haq, R. (2022). History of Literacy in Pakistan 1947-2014. Retrieved 13 August 2022, from http://www.riazhaq.com/2014/03/history-of-literacy-in-pakistan-1947.html?m=1


Is teaching high school at home even a possibility? It's more than a possibility, it can be a reality!
But teaching your teen will require commitment and preparation.
1. Know your state homeschool laws. HSLDA provides the legal analysis for each state detailing home school requirements. Homeschool laws vary from state to state and may change from year to year; so be sure to keep current by viewing your legal analysis at least once a year. HSLDA members may contact the legal department if they have any questions.
2. Know the course options available to you. From parent-taught courses, to online courses, to co-op classes, to dual enrollment courses, there are plenty of alternatives from which to choose. Most parents take an eclectic approach when it comes to course options. Perhaps you'll decide to teach some courses at home, but then enroll your teen in an online class, while also supplementing with a course offered by a co-op!
Whatever course format you choose, these links will provide you with a starting place to explore the options. Remember that these links provide only a sampling of the many resources available to you.
3. Know the key ingredients when developing a high school plan. Your teen's high school plan can be custom designed to best suit interests and future plans. This newsletter gives you tips as you outline a plan. Watch this short high school video on Developing a High School Plan to better understand how to choose courses for your teen. A Guide to Homeschooling through High School offers three sample high school plans with suggested courses in each subject area.
4. Know where your teen is headed after graduation! Whether headed to the workplace, military, or college, your teen can use the high school years to prepare. Although most teens are unsure about their future plans at the beginning of high school, you can help narrow the focus by giving your teen a career interest test or design a career development course.
5. Know what records to keep. You are your teen's official school record keeper! Maintain good records as your teen progresses through high school. The records are the source data for creating your teen's transcript. View these sample transcripts and use our free templates. You may also send us your transcript via email attachment at highschool@hslda.org and we will review it and make suggestions. Watch this short transcript video for additional information.
Teaching high school at home is not only possible, but it can also be a rewarding and enjoyable experience for you and your teen. With HSLDA high school resources, we've got you covered!


The Origin of Species, by Charles Darwin - Standard Ebooks: Free and liberated ebooks, carefully produced for the true book lover.
Darwin describes the book as simply an "abstract" of his ideas, which are more fully fleshed out and supported with detailed examples in his other, more scholarly works (for example, he wrote several long treatises entirely about barnacles). The Origin of Species itself was intended to reach a wider audience and is written in such a way that any reasonably educated and thoughtful reader can follow Darwin's argument that species of animals and plants are not independent creations, fixed for all time, but mutable. Species have been shaped in response to the effects of natural selection, which Darwin compares to the directed or manual selection by human breeders of domesticated animals.
The Origin of Species was eagerly taken up by the reading public, and rapidly went through several editions. This Standard Ebooks edition is based on the sixth edition published by John Murray in 1872, generally considered to be the definitive edition with many amendments and updates by Darwin himself.
The Origin of Species has never been out of print and continues to be an extremely popular work. Later scientific discoveries such as the breakthrough of DNA sequencing have refined our concept of some of Darwin's ideas and given us a better understanding of issues he found puzzling, but the basic thrust of his theory remains unchallenged.


Furniture — This furniture, is one of the 12 designs published under the gallery: Marvelous Contemporary Wall Sconce 2017 Ideas. In the next page, we have the astonishing contemporary wall sconce mid century candle sconce brown wall and mirror and wall lamps beside and sink faucet and soap [ ... ]. While in	the previous page, we have the cool contemporary wall sconce unique wall sconces gray wall and mirror and vase with flower and soap and sink and faucet and towel [ ... ].


The Diggers recently searched Camp Elsenborn in the area of the Third Battalion 394th Regiment (very far east) again. They stayed near the area where tour buses usually stop for the last comments about the MIA Project and where most people walk through the field. Jean-Luc Menestrey found a stainless mess kit about 100 yards from where the comments are given. This mess kit belonged to Thomas R. Frame, L/394, who was a member of the May battlefield tour.


Which Training Mode To Choose?
If your company is not yet ready for in-house training or do not yet have a specific project in mind, the Public QFD Green Belt® Course is a good starting point to explore how your business and new product planning might benefit from QFD.
Public Courses are also recommended for Lean/Six Sigma and DFLS/DFSS black belts and master black belts, internal Quality champions, innovation managers, new product development teams and marketing.
Once a year we offer both QFD Green Belt® and QFD Black Belt® Courses at the same time. This allows you to earn borth QFD Green Belt® and QFD Black Belt® in a single trip at a discounted price [Facilitator's Package].
In-house custom-tailored training develops company-specific QFD and New Product Development process, as well as expertise that cannot be imitated by competitors. In-house custom-tailored training also develops internal QFD talents, who will be able to lead future QFD/NPD projects on their own and eventually certify their own trainees upon completion of the full status and train-the-trainer program.
If you would like to discuss these and other options, please contact us.
Internationally acclaimed introductory to Modern Blitz QFD® and ISO 16355, QFD Green Belt® Course is designed for businesses and people who wish to learn the cutting-edge best practice for agility, innovation and leadership essential to compete in today's global market.
The curriculum incorporates and introduces you to the latest advancements in quality, design, and project management that are not yet taken up by conventional approaches seen elsewhere, including: Blitz QFD®, ISO 16355 (the new QFD standard), Wishbone Diagrams, Semantic and Situation Analysis, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Kano Model, Customer Gemba visits, and more.
These Packages offer conveninece (you can attend multiple programs in a single trip) and discounted prices.
This is a 2-in-1 Package (you will attend 4 days in total).
This is a 3-in-1 Package (9 days in total).
If these dates do not work for you, please see the Calendar or send inquiries about more options.
Strongly recommended for Six/Lean Sigma GB/BB/MBB, Project Team Members & Leaders, DFSS / DFLS / DMAIC Professionals, New Product Development, Marketing & Sales, Engineering, Design, Manufacturing, IT, Quality and VOC specialists, Facilitators & Consultants, Training Scouts Who Report To Management, Innovation Leaders, Organizational Excellence, Systems Coordinators, and anyone who seek better design and innovation.
Attendees from overseas are always welcomed in the QFDI training. Please see this page.
Examples of QFD for manufactured goods, service and business process, chemical and food products, and software.
Integration with Design for Six/Lean Sigma (DFSS/DFLS) .
Your laptop or tablet withMS Excel® and Adobe Acrobat® (as you will receive the Modern QFD and AHP templates and case studies on CD, USB, or by Email).
Relevant marketing and technical data for a small project or a part of a large project that you are currently working on or plan to work on in the future. Detailed instructions on this will be sent to you when your registration is received.
IMPORTANT: There is no need to reveal any confidential data. The goal is to make the QFD exercises real and meaningful to you! If it is not feasible to bring such data, you may join others or use a generic or hobby project.
ISO 16355 series bibliographic reference papers (1,000-page eBook, $149 value)NEW.
Registration of September 2019 courses.
Venue of all September 2019 programs (Hampton Inn & Suites Boise Downtown).
Submitting two QFD work objects from an actual project using your tailored process for successful review by a QFD Master Black Belt® within one (1) year.
Graduates of this course will be eligible to enroll in the future QFD Green Belt® Update courses and QFD Black Belt® course — the next step toward becoming a successful QFD team leader or facilitator.