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Concept of Moles PDF
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IAL Chemistry: Concepts of Mole notes
2 Comments / Featured, IAL / By Tasvir Mahmood
The concept of mole is a very important part of chemistry. Mole makes calculations in chemistry so much easier! But the different concepts of mole are even more important when you move on from IGCSE chemistry to IAL Chemistry. Unlike IGCSE chemistry the mole is not confined to only a chapter. In IAL chemistry you will need to use the concepts of mole in almost ALL of the chapters to calculate different things such as concentration, mass of product produced, volume of gas produced, in enthalpy changes and so much more!
Even though it is extremely important to understand the mole and have a crystal clear understanding about it, most of the text books does very little to simplify things to the students. All they give are generic definitions, formulas, terms etc. which confuses the students even more. No real life examples with which students can relate to and understand.
Even when I as a student had a really tough time understanding mole, my teacher only provided me with printed notes to memorize. It is only when I started to teach chemistry I dissected the different concepts of moles and had a crystal clear understanding.
In this blog post my main goal would be to present to you the different concepts/basics of mole in simple words. We are going to start right from scratch. We are going to understand what each definition mean, what does Avagadro's number mean, why we use mole in chemistry, different examples of how mole is used, math and so much more!
What does "Mole" mean in Chemistry
When you hear the word "Mole" you might think about a small hairy animal or just a big dark spot on your body. But in chemistry the mole is a completely different thing. The biggest mistakes text books do is trying to explain moles using definitions. Most students hardly understand definitions, they memorize them and the different formulas which follows. Let me explain you mole the simplest way possible! So here we go! The mole is nothing but a huge number and that huge number is 6.02 x 1023, this huge number is also called Avagadro's number!
In chemistry, "mole" doesn't refer to a hairy animal which lives underground.
In chemistry, "mole" doesn't refer to a dark pigmentation or growth on your face.
1 Mole = 6.02 x 1023
In chemistry, "mole" is simply a HUGE number! 1 mole simply equals 6.02 x 1023
This huge number is also called Avagadro's number or Avagadro's Constant. That's it!
A real life example to understand mole better
What can be a better example than eggs? What do we call 12 eggs? 1 dozen right? 1 dozen = 12. The term dozen represents a number, which is 12. Similarly the word "mole" also represents a number, but much bigger, which is 6.02 x 1023.
1 dozen of eggs = 12 eggs
1/2 dozen of eggs = 12/2 = 6 eggs
1 mole of eggs = 6.02 x 1023 eggs
1/2 mole of eggs = 6.02 x 1023/2 = 3.01 x 1023 eggs
You can see that the concept of mole is very similar to how we use the concept of dozen when buying eggs
Why use mole in Chemistry?
Now you might wonder what's the point of using the concept of mole? In chemistry we have to keep track of the number of particles, but there are a lot! Even in a single grain of salt or sugar there are billions and billions of particles. So we need a way to keep track of the particles, like how many reactant particles reacted with each other, how many reactant particles produced etc.
But if we normally try to keep track of the particles it becomes quite difficult. Let me give you a simple example, for example there are 30 students in a class in school, we can easily represent 150 by just saying students from 5 classes will come to the party. The concept of mole also acts an intermediate volume, mass, no. of particles etc. But don't worry we will have a look at those things later on this blog post. In the meantime, lets have a look how more makes things easier.
1.204× 1024 sodium atoms means 2 mol sodium
3.01× 1023 molecules of water means 0.5 mol of water
5 mole of calcium means 3.01 x 10 24 atoms of calcium
3 mole of oxygen means 1.806 x 10 24 molecules of oxygen
You can already see from the simple examples above that how using mole makes things so much shorter and easy to understand. Of course I will also show you step by step of how you can find out the number of moles and get the number of particles from mole in this blog, so please do not worry!
To learn more about the concepts of moles you can check out this awesome book "You Can Do Chemistry: Moles & Stoichiometry" on Amazon.
Calculating Number of moles from number of particles
We will repeat this "how to calculate moles" quite a lot in this blog. This will clear up your concepts if we do it several times instead of all at once. So that now we are clear that why we use moles in chemistry, let's go on and learn how we can find the number of moles from the number of particles or calculate the number of particles from the number of moles.
1) Find out the number of moles for 1.204 x 1024 atoms of sodium atoms
6.02 x 1023 atoms of sodium means 1 mole of sodium
Then 1.204 x 1024 sodium atoms in (1.204 x 1024)/6.02 x 1023 = 2 mole of sodium
2) Find out the number of particles in 5 mole of calcium
1 mole of calcium means 6.02 x 1023 atoms calcium
So in 5 mole of calcium the number of atoms are = 5 x (6.02 x 1023) = 3.01 x 1024
Mole connects mass, volume of gas and number of particles
Mole plays a vital role in linking the mass of a substance, volume of gas and the number of particles present. There are a certain pieces or sets of rules which easily lets us to find out the mass of a certain volume of gas, or to find out the number of particles in a certain mass of substance. All thanks to the concepts of moles. You are going to have a look at it step by step of how it is done.
Here is the definition of mole:
" A mole of any substance is defined as the amount of substance that contains as many particles (atoms, ions or molecules as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12"
Breakdown of the definition of mole:
1 mole carbon-12 contains 6× 1023 atoms of carbon, and weighs exactly 12g
The mass of each carbon atom is 12 atomic units.
Suppose if we have 1 mole of atoms each of mass 1 atomic unit
Then the mass of 1 mole of those atoms will be 1 g
Connecting Mole with mass
The mass of one mole of any substance is called the "Molar Mass"
The mass of one mole of any element or compound is it's RAM (Relative Atomic Mass) or RFM (Relative Formula Mass) with gram.
For example: The Relative Atomic Mass of sodium is 23, so if we take one mole of sodium it's mass would be 23g. You can find out the relative atomic mass from the periodic table. If your concepts with periodic table are weak then you can have a quick look at my periodic table blog. So the Molar mass of sodium is 23g.
Molar mass also have a symbol so we can write is quickly, it is M .
Hence we can write M (Na) = 23g
Another Example: suppose the relative atomic mass of Magnesium is 24, hence the mass of one mole of magnesium is 24g. In another word we can say the Molar Mass of Magnesium is 24g.
M (Mg) = 24g
Now let's move on to Molar Mass of compounds.
The Molar Mass of compounds is their relative formula mass/relative molecular mass ( sum of all the relative atomic masses in the compound)
For Example: the formula of sodium chloride is NaCl, sodium has a Relative Atomic Mass of 23 and Chlorine has a relative atomic mass of 35.5.
So their relative formula mass will be = 23 + 35.5 = 58.5
Hence the mass of 1 mole of sodium chloride will be = 58.5 g
The molar mass of Sodium Chloride is 58.5g
M (NaCl) = 58.5 g
1) 0.5 mole of Magnesium weighs?
1 mole Mg —- 24g
0.5 mole Mg — 24× 0.5 = 12g
2) 0.25g of CO2 is how many mole?
1 mole of CO2 weighs — (12+16× 2) = 44𝑔
44g CO2 ———— 1 mole CO2
1 g CO2 ———- 1/44 mole CO2
0.25g of CO2 ———- (1/44) × 0.25 = 0.0057 mole
Calculating Number of particles from mass using mole concept
The concept of mole makes it extremely easy for us to calculate the number of particles present in a given mass of substance. This concept will be absolutely cleared up once you have a look at the following example below.
Example: Find the number of particles in 3g of calcium
Upto now, now we know how to find the mass of one mole of a substance. We can easily find out the number of particles in 3g of calcium without using any type of formula, just simple concepts.
The Relative Atomic Mass of Calcium is 40, hence the molar mass of calcium is 40g, we can directly write 1 mole of calcium as 40g
1 Mole of Calcium consists of 6.02 × 1023 atoms
We can also write 1 mole as 40g, so
40g of Calcium consists of 6.02 × 1023 atoms
1g of calcium consists of (6.02 × 1023)/40 atoms
3g of calcium consists of (6.02 × 1023)/40 x 3 = 4.52 × 1022 atoms of calcium
Now let's have a look at another example, it is opposite of the previous one. In this example it is required to find out the mass of a certain number of particles. This concept will be cleared up once you have a look at the simple example below.
Example: Find the mass of 4× 1012 atoms of potassium
The molar mass of calcium is 39.1g (by now you should know how I found it) Mass of 1 mole of Potassium is 39.1 g 6× 1023 atoms of potassium weighs 39.1 g ( 1 mole = 6× 1023 particles) 1 atom potassium weighs (39.1/6× 1023)g 4× 1012 atoms of potassium weighs (39.1/6× 1023) x 4× 1012 = 2.6× 10-10 g
Avagadro's Gas Law- Connecting mole with volume of gas
Avagadro must have been a very cool person, he has a big number and a law named after him! But even though the name of the law may sound fancy and difficult to understand but the concept is really easy. This law will help you to find out the number of moles of a certain volume of gas, also their mass! But of course there are certain assumptions which you will have to keep in mind. So let's have a look at the bookish version of the definition of "Avagadro's Law" and then my interpretation.
Here is the bookish version of Avagadro's Law:
" Equal volumes of all gases contain equal numbers of molecules, provided that they are at the same temperature and pressure"
Breakdown of Avagadro's Law
At the same same temperature and pressure if two gases have same volume, then they will also have the same number of particles.
JUST AN EXAMPLE: suppose, both gases carbon dioxide and oxygen gas have a volume of 20 cm3 at 20 degree celcius and 1 atm pressure. Suppose carbon dioxide has 150 gas particles, then according to Avagardo's Gas law, oxygen will also have 150 gas particles.
ANOTHER EXAMPLE: suppose two gases are at the same temperature and pressue, but the volume of one gas is double the volume of the other gas, then that gas will also have double the numer of particles.
Suppose, both sulfur dioxide and fluorine gas are at the same temperature and pressure (20 degree Celsius and 1 atm pressure), but the volume of sulfur dioxide is 40 cm3 while the volume of fluorine is 20 cm3. So if fluorine has 150 gas particles, then according to the gas law sulfur dioxide will have double the number of particles, which is 300 particles.
What is "Molar Volume"?
Molar volume is a term obtained from the Avagadro's gas law. It is a very simple but useful concept. The concept is very similar to the molar mass. The molar volume is the volume of one mole of gas at 1 atm pressure and 298 K temperature. The value of molar volume is 24 dm3 or 24,000 cm3. ANY 1 mole of gas at 1 atm pressure and 298K temperature will have a volume of 24dm3 or 24,000 cm3.
For example, 1 mole of carbon dioxide gas and 1 mole of oxygen gas at 1 atm pressure and 298K will both have a volume of 24 dm3 or 24,000 cm3.
Example: Finding volume of gas from a given mass
Find the volume of 2g of CO2(Carbon dioxide) gas Volume of 1 mole of CO2 is 24,000 cm3 Volume of 44g of CO2 is 24,000 cm3 Volume of 1g of CO2 is (24,000 cm3 / 44) Hence the volume of 2g of CO2 is (24,000 cm3/44) x 2 = 1090cm3
Example: Converting Volume of Gas to Mass using mole concepts
Find the mass of 150 cm3 hydrogen gas
1 mole of hydrogen weighs 2g (note: hydrogen exists as a diatomic molecule H2)
24,000 cm3 of hydrogen gas will weigh 2g
1 cm3 of hydrogen will weigh (2/24,000)
Hence 150 cm3 of hydrogen will weigh (2/24,000) x 150 = 0.0125g
Practice!
1. Calculate the number of moles in:
8g of Oxygen-16 atoms
48g of Carbon-12 atoms
8.88g of Chlorine atoms
2. Calculate the number of atoms in:
36 g of carbon-12
4g of magnesium-24
532g of caesium-133
57g of lead-208
Thank you for reading this blog post. In this blog post we have covered all the basic concepts of mole from scratch. I hope you have got a lot of value out of this. The mole is a very important topic in IAL Chemistry so I will definitely write more blog posts on it. Until then study smart and not hard!
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2 thoughts on "IAL Chemistry: Concepts of Mole notes"
Ahmed Mutasim
For the following example, the answer you have given is incorrect.
the correct answer is 4.52 x 10^22 and not 4.52 x 10^23
Tasvir Mahmood
Thank you for your feedback, I have corrected the answer.
Hi, I am Tasvir
Hi, my name is Tasvir Mahmood. I am the author of IGCSE and IAL Chemistry website. I have a taught IGCSE and IAL Chemistry for about 8 years. I have helped many students get good grades in their chemistry exams. In these 8 years I have made a lot of helpful IGCSE and IAL Chemistry related contents, which I am sharing with you using this website.
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The kind blokes at speed religion have sent me some photos of the car before they start to fit the cage. They have removed the doors, bonnet and all the windows.
They are going to start to put the cage in, once they have done fellow kumho racer (Ralph's) car which went into there workshop 2 weeks before mine.
Once the cage is in the suspension will have to be sorted, as if you look at the car at present it looks like a 4×4, the cage will add about 50kg to the weight but I have removed about 125kg with the interior and soundproofing.


All you need to know about ultrazvuk abdomena.
An ultrazvuk abdomena will help your doctor to examine the condition of your abdomen and then he will be in a better position to tell, if there is any problem with the organs of your abdomen or not.
Human body is composed of many complicated functions. There are many organs in our body, which helps us to live. The complex chemical reactions in our body may give us some problems, in terms of different health related issues. Similarly, it is fairly possible that your internal organ may get infected by any disease and you will get to visit your doctor, in order to know the underlying issue and to get proper treatment for the cure of that disease. A doctor, who is sensible, will never start giving you medicines without examining your organ properly and for this purpose, he would definitely require to get an insight view of your body, in order to look at the condition of your body organ. For this purpose, your doctor will surely recommend you to have ultrazvuk abdomena.
An ultrazvuk abdomena will help your doctor to examine the condition of your abdomen and then he will be in a better position to tell, if there is any problem with the organs of your abdomen or not. Ultrazvuk abdomena will help a doctor to examine liver, kidney, pancreas, gall bladder and intestine. If there will be any problem, with any of these organs, then ultrazvuk abdomena will easily show a clear image of the inside of the abdomen. This test will not tell your doctor about the condition of the organs in abdomen, but he will get a clear view of the vessels and blood stream, running through the abdomen.
Ultrazvuk abdomena will expose your abdomen to the high frequency radio waves, which will inspect the organs thoroughly and will display the exact condition of the organs. There is no harm of undergoing from this test. A patient will not even feel any kind of pain, when will be undergoing from the test. This test will only make you feel a minor sensation, which will be absolutely pain free. This test will be very helpful in checking out the complexity and severity of the disease and will thoroughly check if the size of your liver has increased to an abnormal size, stones in the kidney of gall bladder and a number of other problems as well. The radiologist, who will take this test of yours, will ask you to wear loose clothes and will move the machine over your abdomen, at the place, where the problematic organ is and in this way it will just take few minutes of yours and you will be done with ultrazvuk abdomena.
This test is far better than an X-ray, as the result of ultrazvuk abdomena is more accurate than X-rays. There is no usage of ion radiation in this test, which is used in X-rays and this is the reason of more accurate results of this test. If your doctor has suggested you this test, then you should not worry at all, as this test has been conducted since years and there are no harmful effects of the test. Therefore , you can fearlessly undergo from ultrazvuk abdomena.
Having problem in your abdomen? First thing that you must do is to visit your nearest doctor and ask for ultrazvuk abdomena (ultrasound of abdomen). At http://www.antamedica.com/ you will get the information about abdomena and its possible solutions. We hope you have enjoyed this article.


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Home » Blog » Remembering Hurricane Katrina: What Went Missing and What Got Found
Posted on Aug 28, 2015 in Blog, Writing
Remembering Hurricane Katrina: What Went Missing and What Got Found
Tomorrow marks the 10th anniversary of Hurricane Katrina, one of the most devastating hurricanes to strike the United States. All week there have been television specials, newspaper and magazine articles, and blog posts recalling the hurricane and its aftermath.
In August 2005 I had recently moved to Albany and was watching the Weather Channel coverage. On August 28 a reporter looked out over the sunset in New Orleans and said, "Tomorrow, all of this will be different." I don't think he imagined how much would change.
Scores of books have been published since the disaster. Over at Crazy Quilts, Edi Campbell has an excellent roundup of fiction and nonfiction for both children and adults. I've read most of those books and agree that Dave Eggers's Zeitoun is one of the best. I'm also a fan of the collection of essays and poetry published by now-defunct South End Press, What Lies Beneath: Katrina, Race, and the State of the Nation, particularly a powerful poem by Palestinian-American poet Suheir Hammad titled "Of Refuge and Language."
Fatima Shaik
A year after the hurricane, the PEN American Center's Children's Committee organized a partnership with the Martin Luther King Jr. Elementary School, the only school to reopen in the Lower Ninth Ward. Spearheaded by Fatima Shaik, who grew up in New Orleans, this partnership sent several children's book authors each year to the King School to present to the students. In the early years, the students created a book of their drawings and reflections on the hurricane and its aftermath. Later on, students interviewed civil rights leaders and explored the pre-Katrina history of their community. I visited the King School in 2011 as the first young adult author to present to the high school. After my morning presentation about Gringolandia and the importance of engagement in the political process, the ninth grade students used the "Bundle of Letters" activity to write a short play about a family separated due to the father's imprisonment.
Fatima Shaik's activism informs both the collaboration between PEN and the King School and her own writing. She has published several short story collections set in her hometown, and her latest, What Went Missing and What Got Found, published by Xavier University Press to coincide with the 10th anniversary of Katrina, explores the communities of the Seventh and Ninth Wards before and after.
The collection is divided into three parts. The first, "Innocence and Inside Jokes," is set mostly in the 1950s and 1960s, in neighborhoods where life revolves around family and church. Although the Civil Rights movement is taking place all around them, the Afro-Creole characters are rooted in their own world and hard lives. The Catholic Church plays a major role, and those with faith have their faith tested, and those who doubt search for meaning. The second part, "Love and Its Languages," explores relationships and what happens to love when a beloved dies. Aging couples appear in several stories, as readers observe how love and lovers change over time. Maurice escapes to New York City for opportunity and freedom but returns to his girlfriend in New Orleans, who is also dating an ex-con; when she is found dead, Maurice is wanted for her murder. The lone white woman on the street — a middle-class transplant from up North — fears her neighbors and fears her husband's growing friendship with them; when her husband dies suddenly, her suspicious nature doesn't allow her to accept their genuine comfort.
In the final section, "Lost and Found," we see the hurricane itself. The first and longest story in the collection, "The Hotels," weaves three stories bound together by the fact that all of the main characters passed through a downtown hotel. An elderly man goes into work as a bellhop, but comes home early to spend a final night with his beloved Sweet Pea. A black family is turned away and spends a horrific week in the Superdome, mitigated only by the kindness of a young white National Guardsman. A woman from the bayous passing as white has married a black man and spent the first night of her honeymoon at the hotel, and while her father rejects her for "marrying down," she realizes that she has in fact "married up."
What Went Missing and What Got Found doesn't shy away from the conflicts of race and class, or the social problems that existed long before Katrina. It gives humanity and dignity to the ordinary people of the city — before the hurricane, the majority of them black or Creole. Many of the remembrances, like the initial coverage, tended to dehumanize the mostly poor, mostly black residents who endured the wind and rising floodwaters. Fatima Shaik shows us the daily life, the history, the faith, and the love of people who lost so much ten years ago.
For more thoughts on the anniversary, read her essay on the PEN American Center blog, "Katrina: 10 Years Later."
As the current co-chair of the PEN Children's Committee, Fatima Shaik (center) runs the summer meeting.
Linda W	August 31, 2015
Wow! Ten years! I hadn't thought about that! Wow! Time flies!
My brother's church has gone down several times to help in the rebuilding.
Lyn Miller-Lachmann	August 31, 2015
Some of my students also went to help, through the temple youth group.

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Large-format Digital Signage displays are something of a well established standard. However, in addition to large format displays, smaller displays in the immediate vicinity of goods can be particularly useful in ushering in effective buying impulses. Tablets, ESLs or LED? Storytelling at the shelfedge is the new Digital Signage competence.
Ipads, ugly cables, high-end display solutions or LED strips on the shelf edge – there have been countless attempts to integrate digital touch-points into the PoS. While the demand is undeniable, more often than not, such attempts fail to deliver in their conceptual and technical implementation. Which concepts bring added value to the customer? Are voice control systems via Amazon Alexa or Google Assistant changing customer interaction?
Most widely used are electronic shelf labels – despite that fact that exclusive use of dynamic pricing is not used for most trading groups. Beyond food (invidis report) and electronics, market conditions do not justify the investment in an ESL infrastructure (invidis comment). The next big market for ESLs is the fashion industry – with providers hoping for billions in sales with the breakthrough of the fashion ESL. In contrast to food or electronics, fashion ESLs are attached directly to items of clothing and are also supposed to fulfil security and logistics functions.
Whether ESL, tablet or mini signage – brands are looking for digital platforms that allow storytelling within the immediate vicinity of the goods on offer. Although paper and cardboard are often used today (see Interspar Austria), the industry is looking for ways to show dynamic information such as moving images.
At DSS Europe 2018 (Panel on 4/4, 2pm), ESL global leader SES Imagotag, retail system pioneer Vitra, and Vizona's shop fitters will discuss 'storytelling at the shelfedge': what roles do small displays play – should they be interactive? What additional possibilities do passive and digital touch-points present to retailers?


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Q: How to copy few records from a table on one server to the table with same structure on another server in PHP and MySQL? I've two same MySQL databases present at two different servers. Initially both the databases have the exactly same structure and contained the same data.
But later on few new records(new users) got added to both the tables. This created the difference in the data present in these tables.
Now the issue is somehow the old data(which is present since when the structure and data of both the databases were same) from one table got tampered by some unauthorized means and in one field contains blank values.
Now I want that data back as of previous(like initial). For this I've to fire a query which would take the missing data from the same table from one server and add it to the same table on another server where the issue of data tampering occurred.
If there is some way by writing some script in PHP which could do this job that will also be fine for me.
Can some one please suggest me how should I achieve this?
If you want any more details regarding the issue I'm facing please do let me know.
Thanks.

A: Why not export the data from the other server?
Then import the table into the current server (with different name or make new database)
UPDATE
No it will not replace the table.  You can create another database and import it into the new database and not the existing.
Or you edit the export file and changed the name then import it.
Example:
If this is your export file:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `Customer` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `Name` char(32) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ;

Change the name (notice I change customer to customer2)
THEN do the import.
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `Customer2` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `Name` char(32) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ;

UPDATE 2
Now you have current table with a blank column, and a "backup" table2.
Both tables should have a unique id or some sort.
This is the basic scenario:
Loop through all the records in  table1 get the unique id column value.
Use that id to look up the value of the blank column in table2.
Update the blank column in table1 from the value in table2.
SELECT `id` FROM `table1` WHERE 1

SELECT `blankcolumn` FROM `table2` WHERE `id` = $row['id']

UPDATE `table1` SET `blankcolumn` = `table2`.`blankcolumn`

A: I would create a RESTful API, allowing one server to GET, PUT, DELETE stuff to the other server using JSON.
So one server has a URL that you can submit some JSON (or XML if you really want) data to it.
Then the other server performs a CURL request and sends the data over.
You probably want to wait until you have enough data to send at once so you are not constantly making requests between the servers.
You can password protect the system also so nobody else that figures this out can edit your database :P
There is a lot to go into, but I think if you look up how to create a REST API in PHP, and also how to make CURL requests, you will find it is quite straightforward.   You can also communicate to such a system using JavaScript AJAX calls which opens some more possibilities.
Some database types and database service providers (they run the db for you) can scale databases to multiple instances to do this sort of thing.   That might be worth looking into as well.   There is usually a delay before the databases match each other - this explains a lot of weirdness on Social Media and Auction/Classifieds websites where a post might not show up for you for a little while.
If the data has to do with something really really important like financial transactions, where having some money go missing for a while is unacceptable, you may need to get much more serious about this.

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Last week we received a note from our neighborhood email list alerting us to an upcoming urban organic vegetable gardening class series. Being right up our alley, we made plans to attend the first session over the weekend to find out what it was all about.
The classes are free to the public, every Saturday from 11am - 12:30pm for 6 weeks and are taking place at the North Avenue Richmond Library. While we are most interested in learning techniques to make our personal urban space thrive as a garden, we were pleasantly surprised at how much information was given on the topic of community gardens and their overall benefits to the city.
We got there about 10 minutes early which was great since the class filled up so quickly there weren't enough seats for everyone. Upon arrival, we were instructed to take one of the provided large buckets and begin collecting compost for a project we'll later undertake in the class.
Victoria Campbell from the Department of Public Works helped lead this first class and even brought along one of her own backyard hens named George. Mary and I would still love to try our hands at raising 3 chickens of our own, but alas, the timing still isn't right and unfortunately it's still illegal given the space parameters of our property and the fact Basil would go nutso. We do, however, look forward to learning more about raising urban chickens firsthand in the event all the stars fall into place down the road.
Duron Chavis of Richmond's Noir Market in Battery Park also helped lead this first class, really laying out the social benefits of eating healthy and coming together as a community to build something from the ground up. For example, other than lowering pollutants in the air, did you know statistics show that neighborhoods who have participated in maintaining a community garden actually see lower crime rates?
This first class provided a good overview of things to come: composting, soil testing, benefits of using and saving heirloom seeds, keeping bees, making rain barrels, and learning techniques for contained gardening — like bulk potatoes. We learned where Richmond's "food deserts" are and how to become involved in organizing a new city community garden. It was also interesting to see that food deserts also follow high crime areas.
The class was a great way to meet others in the city with similar interests to ours and we're looking forward to learning more as the class progresses. For those of you in the RVA area, we hope to see you there next week!
Hi guys! Do you have to sign-up or register before hand or is it first-come..?
Nope you just have to show up. We did show up about 20 minutes early and the room did get quite packed. Hope to see you there!
Oh how fun is that?! We actually have a community garden here in Juneau. We didn't have time to be apart of it last year but I'm hoping we can this coming spring/summer.
We followed your egg shell planting tip and have sprouts aleady! I have to say it has been such a cool project for my kids. They have loved watching and waiting for sprouts to appear.
Angie, we loved reading of your success with the egg shell planters and doubly excited the kids are as interested!
Saw this through a retweet on the Twitters. Had NO idea this was going on, and now planning to go tomorrow. Thanks for the heads up!
Carter, please introduce yourself. We look forward to seeing you!
Has then been continued each year? This is from 2012.
Thanks for checking in ! We have not seen one but sure you can check the city website closer to the spring.


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You Are Here : Home / News and public notices/ News articles / Sculpture On Show
WHEN: Saturday 12 October
WHERE: Boort Show
Boort Showgrounds
35 Malone Street
A unique and creative element of the Boort Agricultural and Pastoral Society Show is the Annual Boort Sculpture By The Lake. This is the fifth year of the renowned metal sculpture competition that sees craftspeople from all over the region trying their hand at metalwork.
Paul Haw, a member of the Boort Show committee, says it is unique offerings such as this competition that add to the positive atmosphere of the show weekend.
"We've got to keep our country shows alive and this is an excellent way to gather added support to a fantastic event," Paul says. "It is a great opportunity for budding artists to get out their welder and see what they can make out of metal."
"Local resident, John Piccoli, runs a Father's Day open garden at his place where people can be inspired by his incredible spanner sculptures, and the proceeds from this weekend generously go to the Sculpture By The Lake winner. It's well worth entering as there are a number of cash prizes."
With a $20 entry fee and the overall winner receiving $2000, it's well worth having a go. Paul explains that in previous years some of the sculptures have been purchased, in order to add to the existing artwork that is part of the Sculpture Trail showcased around Boort Lake.
"As long as the sculpture is made predominately from metal, we'd love to see it," he says.
The competition now forms an important part of what has become a fabulous attraction at the Boort Show. The Show is one of the last in the shire each year and it's a very active event – right through to the fireworks at sunset.
For more information or to obtain a Naturally Loddon spring calendar, phone the Loddon Visitor Information Centre on 5494 3489, email loddonvisitorinformation@loddon.vic.gov.au or visit www.loddon.vic.gov.au
PreviousNARDOO HILLS RESERVE GUIDED TRIP
NextMurray River Group of Councils media release - Councils welcome Minister's actions to safeguard Victoria rivers


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Postdoc, Medieval Art History
Brno, Czech Republic
Arts & Humanities, History, Philosophy & Theology
Academic Posts, Postdocs
Department of Art History – Faculty of Arts
Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic invites excellent scientists to apply for a POSTDOC POSITION in the field of Medieval Art History
The post-doc fellow will participate to the new project carried out at the Center for Early Medieval Studies, Department of Art History in Brno. This project, lead by Ivan Foletti, focuses on the city of Rome in the Carolingian Period. The post-doc fellow will join an international team, composed by two doctoral students and one senior researcher. They will be dealing with the artistic production of the period, with a focus on the monumental decoration. The main result of this project will be a collective monograph, followed by a series or articles published in peer-reviewed international periodicals.
The post-doc fellow will be in charge of a significant part of the final monograph and will be the author of at least two articles. Finally, he/she will co-organize, with all the team, an international symposium dedicated to the question of the interaction between monumental decorations and liturgy during the Carolingian period in Rome.
The post-doc fellow will also participate to other activities of the Center for Early Medieval Studies, Department of Art History. Namely to seminars promoted by the Centre, to public lectures and to other scientific activities.
The successful candidate should:
be a researcher within 7 years after receiving the Ph.D. degree or its equivalent
be a researcher, who worked at least 2 whole years over the course of last 3 years outside the territory of the Czech Republic in the field of research with working time of at least 0.5, or was a Ph.D. student (or similar form) abroad
have a publication activity – in the last 3 years, at least 2 publication outputs registered in Thomson Reuters Web of Science, Scopus or ERIH PLUS databases and at the same time, publications such as "articles", "books", "book chapters", "letters" and "reviews". The applicant must be the principal author at least one publication (according to the subject specificity it may be the first author,
the corresponding/reprint author, or the role of the individual authors stated in the article).
have experience in the field of Medieval Art History
have experience with research projects (an advantage)
have excellent communication skills and ability to collaborate with multiple teams
The application should include:
CV including a summary of work experience, publication activity, involvement in research grants and further information proving the above mentioned (information about previous contracts, publication activity, etc.)
contact information of at least three references
MU offers the opportunity to get:
interesting job in a dynamically expanding university area
diverse and challenging work in excellent research
tenure track with an initial appointment for 1 year
professional team and pleasant working environment
interaction with leading scientists in an inspiring, internationalized environment
welcome service for the successful candidate and his/her family
Anticipated start date: The position is available from September 2019.
The submission date is 26th July 2019.
Please submit your application (or informal enquiries can be sent) by e-mail to: ivan.foletti@gmail.com.
Review of applications will commence immediately after the deadline. Short-listed candidates will be invited for an interview within one months of the deadline.
Further information about:
Postdoc@MUNI is available at http://postdoc.muni.cz
Masaryk University is available at www.muni.cz/en
Brno is available at http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=20608&nav02=20617
Postdoctoral Research Associate, specialist in Late Antique and Medieval Art History
Postdoctoral Research Associate, specialist in Late Antique Philology and Literature
Postdoctoral Research Associate, specialist in Cultural Anthropology or Religious Studies
Permanent History, Philosophy & Theology Postdocs jobs in Czech Republic
Permanent Arts & Humanities Postdocs jobs in Czech Republic


The disconnect between security officials in New York and Washington over the alleged subway bomb plot is reminiscent of pre-Sept. 11 days and has left many people confused.
Should they be concerned about using the New York City subway system? Whom do they trust?
"I think I would trust the mayor and the police commissioner," Neil Livingstone, a security and terrorism expert from Washington, told The Early Show co-anchor Harry Smith Friday morning.
"Certainly you've got one of the best police commissioners in the country in New York City and they made the determination, having seen the intelligence, that this is a serious threat," Livingstone said. "And they're taking steps to try to prevent an attack there that could kill or maim dozens if not hundreds of New Yorkers. I think I would go with the people on the ground there."
Officials in New York revealed the threat Thursday, saying an FBI source warned that terrorists had plotted to bomb the subway in coming days. But Homeland Security officials in Washington downplayed the threat, saying it's of "doubtful credibility."
Mayor Michael Bloomberg called it the most specific terrorist threat that New York officials had received to date, and promised to flood the subway system with uniformed and undercover officers.
"Obviously, one part of the government is not talking to the other," Livingstone said. "Certainly there's no consensus. There's perhaps not an adequate sharing of information because how could New York basically end up with a different analysis than the Department of Homeland Security? So this really demonstrates what the problems are within the government right now — and in our intelligence community. And we've got to get this right."
Livingstone said this was the time for the president to intervene.
"I would call in (Secretary of Homeland Security Michael) Chertoff and the Department of Homeland Security. I would call in my FBI director, New York officials. I would say, 'Guys, what's going on here? This is — this doesn't give the public any confidence.'"
If officials don't reach a consensus on threats like this, Livingstone said, "the public is basically going to tune you out, and that is a really a formula for disaster in the future because you need the public cooperation in support for these measures."
The New York Police Department boosted existing measures to search for bombs in commuters' bags, brief cases and luggage. The threat also involved the possibility that terrorists would pack a baby stroller with a bomb, a law enforcement official said, speaking on condition of anonymity.


A number of recent cases show courts taking a more active role in approving class action settlements, more closely scrutinizing settlements meant to benefit class members.
Just last month in Redman v. RadioShack Corporation the Seventh Circuit rejected a class action settlement providing for dissemination of $10 coupons to class members and $1 million in attorneys' fees to class counsel.
Although there were an estimated 16 million RadioShack customers in the class, notice of the proposed settlement was sent to less than 5 million. Of those receiving notice, only 83,000 submitted claims for the coupon—about one half of one percent of the entire class.
This made the attorneys' fee award tantamount to a 55 percent contingent fee.
In his opinion, Judge Posner rejected as "naïve" the magistrate judge's finding that the fact that 99.99 percent of class members had not objected to the proposed settlement or opted out suggested that the class generally approved of the settlement's terms and structure.
Judge Posner acknowledged the inherent conflict of interest in class action settlements, as the defendant is interested only in how much the total settlement will cost, while class counsel is interested primarily in the size of the attorneys' fees provided for in the settlement.
Judge Posner noted that the focus of class settlement approval should be what was actually achieved for the class members (which in the context of coupon settlements may require expert testimony on the true value of the coupons), not how much effort class counsel invested in the litigation.
Similarly in Newman v. Americredit Financial Services, Inc., a judge in the Southern District of California denied preliminary approval of a class settlement because, among other reasons, it was not clear what recovery class members could actually expect.
This trend highlights the need for plaintiffs and defendants to fully articulate an appropriate basis by which courts can conclude class settlements are fair, reasonable, and adequate to compensate class members. Specifically, in the context of coupon settlements, parties should consider the actual value of the coupons to consumers rather than the nominal value, and demonstrate that any attorneys' fees are justified by the actual value of the benefit to the class.


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Biggs said the arrival of food trucks at Deep River prompted the town to revisit its ban.
"We were reluctant to take definitive action against them until the ordinance could be examined and given consideration for change," he added.
Town planner David Young echoed Biggs. "They've become very popular," he said of food trucks, "and we felt it was the appropriate time" to make room for them.
Lynn Auclair, who owns Deep River with her husband Paul, said the food trucks bring a lot of people to the brewery. "People stay longer when there are food trucks because they don't have to leave for dinner," she said.
The brewery has also introduced food trucks to Clayton, giving locals chance to experience the concept, which has taken off across the country.
The proposed ordinance would allow food trucks but limit their number to no more than two per location. It would also require food trucks to obtain approval from the county's Division of Environmental Health. That's the county department that inspects restaurants and issues them sanitation grades.
Also under the ordinance:
• Food trucks could not operate between midnight and 7 a.m.
• Trucks would have to park at least 400 feet away from the entrance to a restaurant unless the restaurant did not object.
• Food trucks open after dark would have to provide lighting.
• Trucks could not operate as drive-thrus .
• Trucks could no have signage other than what's on the vehicle, plus an easel sign of no more than 12 square feet. That easel sign would have to be within the customer waiting area.
Councilman Butch Lawter asked DeYoung if the proposed two-truck limit was too restrictive.
DeYoung said he didn't think so. "We thought it sounded like a fair amount of food trucks," he said. "They could do more, like a food truck rodeo, if they have a special-use permit."
The two-truck limit would not apply to events like the Harvest Festival, whose sponsors obtain permits that allow multiple vendors.
The town council will likely vote on the ordinance at its next meeting. If the council says no, the the food trucks at Deep River would have to jump through an expensive regulatory hoop to continue coming to Clayton.
"If the proposal fails, we will have to notify those vendors that they can no longer operate without getting a temporary business permit, a more complicated and costly process," Biggs said.
Neuse River close to 25-foot flood stage in Smithfield
Women at Selma rally on why they support Donald Trump
Break out the craft supplies: This regatta in Smithfield will feature cardboard boats.
For its first-ever River Rat Regatta on July 14, 2018, the Smithfield Parks and Recreation Department is challenging boat builders to craft two-person vessels made only of cardboard, duct tape and glue.
MORE SMITHFIELD HERALD
Smithfield: Obituaries
John Brent Godwin, Sr.
Donna Kay Gibson
Edith Geraldine Pate Bizzell
Bettye Jean Gibson
Billy Lelon Phillips
Smithfield: Celebrations
Webster - Grady


Tim Schaller notched a pair of goals Wednesday to earn the game's number one star and Zac Dalpe bagged the game-winner to guide Rochester to a 3-2 victory over Rockford. Joel Armia made a nice steal for an assist and registered a team-high six shots on goal, while Nathan Lieuwen made 21 saves to earn the victory. Mark Pysyk and Phil Varone added single helpers. Next up for the Amerks is a Friday tilt with Adirondack.
In the OHL, Brendan Lemieux scored his seventh goal of the year as Barrie was smoked by Owen Sound 6-1. Lemieux's marker gives him seven goals and 12 points in 10 games. He now has points in three straight contests. The Colts visit Kingston on Friday.
In WHL action, Brycen Martin played in all situations as Swift Current scored with 14 seconds left to get past Portland 5-4. The Broncos host Regina on Friday.
In Sweden, Victor Olofsson scored the game winning goal in the shootout as MODO edged Farjestads BK 3-2. Linus Ullmark made 28 saves for his second win of the season. Gustav Possler went without a point while earning 20:52 of work. MODO faces Lulea HF on Friday.


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Patriots swap out a pair of practice squad linemen
The New England Patriots announced Monday they have re-signed offensive lineman Caylin Hauptmann to the practice squad and released fellow frontman Chris Martin from the reserve unit.
Hauptmann, 23, was originally signed to the Patriots practice squad in mid-September before being released last week.
Prior to joining New England, the 6-3, 300-pounder spent time in 2013 on the Cleveland Browns' practice squad before signing to the Seattle Seahawks' 53-man roster in late last September.
Hauptmann was inactive for 10 games and dressed but did not play in three others. He was inactive for all of the team's three postseason games and released by Seattle at the end of this August.
Martin, 24, was originally signed by the Houston Texans as a rookie free agent out of Central Florida in May. The 6-foot-5, 305-pounder, was released later that month and signed by the Patriots in June. Martin was moved to the practice squad at the beginning of September before being released at the end of the month. He was re-signed to the New England practice squad last week.
Tags: New England Patriots


It's getting close to time for the 9th annual Bowling Green Firefighters Association Open Bass Tournament. I have attached the flyer. If you have any questions please let me know. Thanks and hope to see ya at Barren!
We have a Custom Built Rod and Shimano Reel, plus a bucket of 22's to raffle!


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HDB launches sale of site for new integrated development in Yishun
By Olivia Siong | POSTED: 28 Jun 2013 5:31 PM | CNA
Yishun will soon have a new integrated development. It will boast an air-conditioned bus interchange, residences, commercial retail spaces and the first community club in a mall.
This is part of the Housing and Development Board's (HDB) Remaking Our Heartland Programme for the town.
The site has been put up for tender by the HDB.
Resident Nicky Singh said: "I've been staying here for so many years, and now it's upgrading here. I feel very proud of it."
The plan was announced by Foreign Affairs Minister K Shanmugam, who is also MP for Nee Soon GRC, at the launch of the "Transforming Yishun: Rejuvenating the Town Centre" exhibition on Friday.
Mr Shanmugam said: " As I said, it will make facilities more accessible, new eateries, new places for people to go to, new facilities. And I think people will also work out, it is going to increase the value of their own properties."
This is the fourth integrated development with a bus interchange by HDB, and it will also be the largest.
HDB said the tender will close in September, and the project is expected to be completed the latest by 2020.
Ang Hak Seng, chief executive director of the People's Association, said: "Our cost fee (for the new community club) will remain the same and will remain affordable for residents. We are able to achieve the cost-effective cost fee because of the volume and also because of the synergy with commercial space."
Proposals to rejuvenate Yishun began in 2007. Several projects have been completed or are underway.
Projects include a 15.5-kilometre cycling path, of which the first phase spanning 1.7 kilometres was completed in March 2011.
The second phase links up the remaining part of Yishun and is slated for completion in 2015.
http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/hdb-launches-sale-of-site/727776.html


Are you looking to take your first steps within your engineering career and would like to do this with a global leader in the aerospace environment?
If so, this could the ideal opportunity for you.
Undergoing the significant task of relocating sites to a new custom built state of the art factory you will provide the administration support for the building services activity as well as supporting CAD work for site drawings, layout, location plans.
You will manage the building documentation change history and consolidate all contractor technical documents (building, fit out, move) and develop layout drawings for the equipment and area set out.
Moving forward there will be future opportunities within the business as you expand your knowledge and capability.
You must have completed either a Mechanical or Electrical Engineering degree and ideally have specialised in the use of CAD - ideally for building services layout, but other competencies will be considered. AutoCad would be preferred.
With your pragmatic nature and organisational capability, you will have had some exposure to the building services or construction environments and have some understanding of the construction project lifecycle and building services documentation.
In return you will be working for a global aerospace leader at an exciting time in their history with significant future scope for opportunity within the business.


"Aviation" is a Closed Group for Aviation fans on Facebook comprised of mostly any military aircraft armed with the weapon as (bombs, rockets or machine guns).
Avimeter: Captain Pista, could you give us a brief about your Aviation experience and history?
Captain Pista: A 35 years flying left a lot of memories good & bad trough which I lived and passed during my life time. Talking about this story make me a great pleasure because aviation life for which I was looking for fulfill my life and professional expectations.
Aviation life is full of the nice moments, pain, bad memories and amazing feelings so that I can say speaking for myself aviation became the best thing ever happen in my life.
Aviation has always been my #1 passion for which I know since my childhood that I wanted to venture on this pathway. I always had a "THING" for hands on learning environments.
As a young boy I always find myself involved with airplanes in some way shape or form. I have had a strong attraction to know how aircraft fly, which helped me focus to my abilities in this direction.
Over the course of my life to this point I have experienced situations in which most young people wouldn't get out the best results I did.
I will try to give you just a short CV because want to point the pics of my aviation life.
I was born 01.03.1948 in my hometown Dubrovnik, state of Croatia.
I wanted to become an airline pilot.
Finally I was on training for captain on Douglas DC-9 and became a captain on Jan.23.1980.The next airplanes I was flying are B-737-300, A-319/320 .
On B 737-300 I became Instructor and after while chief of instructors on the same type for all kinds of training starting from Ground School training, simulator training, flight training and line training.
Finally I have reached the test pilot position for B-737-300 and A319/320 airplanes.
That should be the short CV in which I fulfill my goals and expectations.
Avimeter: It's such a great experience you have Captain Pista, when you decided to create Aviation Facebook group?
I am still was very connected with aviation.
I created the group at Jan.15 .2017 with only 150 members.
Until today we have 4.205 members and I think I have reached just a part of the goal for which I am looking in the future.
Avimeter: Sound's great, what the added value of the Group?
I was always trying to resolve all the problems I had before and after using the open conversations, explanations and trying to understand the people around me and their questions, so I hope I convicted all the people around me and don't except any further problem about this issue.
A good relationship between me and group members keep us together because we have no secrets, we are open minded, and we talk about everything we want to know considering aviation life.
Avimeter: It's a very nice to talk to you personally and we hope for you and for your Aviation group more and more of success and thank you for your kind answers about our questions?
Captain Pista: Thank you Hope I generally answered on all your questions you have asked for.


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Law and Society Association: Islamic Law and Society in Contemporary and Hybrid Legal Contexts
May 30, 2019 @ 10:00 - 11:35
« Stanford Book Talk: Popular Sovereignty in Modern Islamic Thought
Law and Society Association: Book Talk on "Gender, Alterity and Human Rights: Freedom in a Fishbowl" »
This panel brings together a number of papers that examine the legal, political, and social dynamics surrounding the invocation or engagement of the Islamic legal tradition in the contemporary world. Papers explore contexts ranging from Iraqi Kurdistan, to Jordan, to England and the United States.
Session Organizer
Steven Boutcher, UMass Amherst
Nurfadzilah Yahaya, National University of Singapore
Discussant
Men's Speech Gone Awry: Husbands, Jurists, and Fatwas on Divorce in Iraqi Kurdistan
J. Andrew Bush, New York University Abu Dhabi
Scholars have shown how highlighting the voices and experiences of women engaging shari'a ("Islamic law") sheds crucial light on how shari'a constructs gender categories in different social and historical settings. This paper argues that more detailed attention to the specifically gendered ways that men address one another can further clarify the workings of gender and power in shari'a. Based on observations of hundreds of consultations conducted at a Fatwa Council in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) between 2014 and 2018, my larger research project links microscopic attention to the details of men's speech at the Fatwa Council to the wider context of legal pluralism in KRI stretching across shari'a, federal civil codes and civil provisions local to the Kurdistan region. This paper focuses on the conversation between husbands and male jurists that occur when husbands have carelessly pronounced a divorce and seek to restore their marriage. It analyzes the appearance, recognition, and adjudication of moral shortcomings in men's speech. In doing so, it shows how distinctively gendered notions of dignity, honor, and authority intertwine in the effort to restore men's authority through legal processes that sit in precarious but productive relation to secular civil courts.
Violence Against Women in the Name of Honor: The Case of Jordan
Ghufran Alqahtani, Washington College of Law-American University
Honor crimes are forms of gendered violence that occur against women under the hand of the family, in which the "family home" become a common place for violence and murder. It mainly involves a male relative that kills a female member within the family to protect a notion that is called "honor," or the protection of sharaf because of ird violation that is the responsibility of females only. "Purification of shame," "restoring dignity," "preserving family honor," all are used inside the courtrooms to justify such murder that takes the lives of almost twenty women annually in Jordan. This particular form of gender-based violence against women is the product of the existing laws within the Jordanian Penal Code that entitle and encourage any male the right to kill his female relative in front of their family in a defense of sharaf and receive a reduced punishment. Articles 340, 98, and 99 of the Jordanian Penal Code altogether reflect the failure of the legal system in Jordan in protecting women from honor crimes. Even when the law recently witnessed minor changes, the male-based right to protect family honor through the use of lethal violence against women survived scrutiny. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the legal injustice that is directed against women in Jordan. Highlighting the influence of legal pluralism and patriarchy, this study argues that this form of defense in its contemporary setting that is used solely to murder women is highly supported by tribal customs and religion making it an integral part of the modern legal system in Jordan.
Human Dignity and the Problem of a Universal Abolition of Slavery in Islamic Law
Havva Guney-Rubenacker, Harvard Law School
It has long been assumed that Islamic law tacitly permitted slavery. Mainstream Muslim jurists today continue to argue that slavery cannot be universally abolished in Islamic law, but only temporarily suspended due to changing circumstances. A coherent reformist Islamic theory of abolition of slavery is yet to develop. By combining both an external examination of the genealogy of the classical Islamic theory of legitimization of slavery in its contemporary Greek/Roman world and also its internal examination based on primary Islamic legal sources, namely the Qur'an and the Sunna (the actual practice of the Prophet), and the Qur'anic notion of inherent human dignity as discussed by classical Islamic jurist themselves, this paper challenges, for the first time, the alleged Islamic legitimacy of slavery from its very roots. It also shows how the legal and moral dilemma around the question of the legitimacy of slavery faced by today's Muslim jurists is similar to the one faced by American jurists around the landmark Supreme Court cases Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and Brown v. Board of Education (1954) on the question of whether racial segregation in public schools is inherently unequal. This comparative analysis shows how seemingly different legal systems in fact experience similar core legal and moral challenges around major legal issues such as slavery, discrimination and human dignity.
Foreign beliefs: Political discourse and the role of law in the exclusion of religious minorities in England
Catherine Warrick, Villanova University
The status of religious minorities in England has shifted over a span of centuries from formal discrimination and exclusion to legal equality today. This shift is not merely a function of social attitudes, but of political decisions by the state; the law has been a prominent tool for defining, enforcing, and later remedying the exclusion of religious minorities. The civil disabilities of Catholics and Jews, for example, were rooted in the fear that these minorities were a source of risk to society through their presumed loyalty to foreign interests. Religious foreignness (of identity, of belief, of the locus of religious authority) was a bar to civil Englishness, either in part or fully. The expansion of political equality and civil liberties protections gradually ended these legal disabilities and achieved the full citizenship of minorities, at least as a matter of equality before the law. However, concern over the "foreignness" of religious minorities is again highly visible in public discourse, expressed as fears that Muslims in Britain are a danger to both national security and national identity. Both right-wing activists and mainstream media direct public attention to shari'a, grooming gangs, and forced marriage, portraying them as dangers of Islam in the United Kingdom. This paper investigates the relationship between public discourse and law in three aspects. First, I demonstrate that the current public discourse on Britain's Muslim minority is strikingly similar to earlier debates about the nationality of Jews. Second, I examine the extent to which current political discourse about Muslims is cast in terms of claims about the law and national identity. Finally I argue that this framing has identifiable effects on public opinion and on parliamentary and governmental action. This trend suggests that, while religious liberty seems a settled question, minority inclusion could still be eroded via claims about threats to national identity and security.
The Case for American Muslim Arbitration
Rabea Benhalim, University of Wisconsin Law School
This Article will advocate for the creation of Muslim arbitral tribunals in the United States. These tribunals would better meet the needs of American Muslims, who currently bring their religious disputes to informal forums that lack transparency. Particularly problematic, these existing forums often apply legal precedent developed in majority-Muslim nations, without taking into consideration the changed circumstances of Muslim living as minorities in the United States. These interpretations of Islamic law can have especially negative impacts on women. American Muslim arbitration tribunals offer the potential to correct these inadequacies. Furthermore, a new arbitral system could better meet the needs of sophisticated parties, like commercial entities, by supplying arbitrators able to navigate the intricacies of both Islamic and American law. To be sure, a new arbitral system would not be a perfect solution. Like other forms of religious arbitration, and like commercial arbitration, the new system would provide benefits, but also create potential drawbacks. The benefits would include promoting freedom of contract and subject matter specialization and reducing the burden on civil courts. The potential drawbacks include imbalances of power between contracting parties, adhesion contracts, and disenfranchisement of vulnerable populations. Taking these benefits and concerns into consideration, American Muslim arbitration needs to be structured with various internal safeguards to protect vulnerable populations and ensure the decision to arbitrate is voluntary, especially in family law cases. The Article will makes one further claim: Muslim arbitration in the United States would provide a positive influence on the development of Islamic law. By moderating precedents developed in other, more unequal cultural settings, the new tribunals could aid the development of 21st century Islamic law.
conferences and workshops, events in Islamic legal studies, lectures and talks
https://www.lawandsociety.org/WashingtonDC2019/Washington2019.html
Hyatt Regency Washington on Capitol Hill
400 New Jersey Ave, NW
Washington, DC 20001 + Google Map


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Home | Who Is Envestnet | Press Room | Press Releases | Envestnet Announces Winners of Essential...
Envestnet Announces Winners of Essential Advisor Awards and First-Ever EIOC Vision Awards
by Envestnet, Inc. - May 17, 2018
NEW ORLEANS, LA – May 16, 2018 – As part of its ongoing commitment to helping ensure the success of the financial services industry, Envestnet (NYSE: ENV) today announced the winners of its first-ever Envestnet Institute on Campus (EIOC) Vision Awards and its Essential Advisor Awards at the annual Advisor Summit in New Orleans.
"Just as we provide the tools and resources to empower current financial advisors to navigate the complex industry, we are equally committed to developing and preparing future essential advisors," said Bill Crager, Envestnet President. "We're pleased to honor the multiple organizations and individuals who embody the values of both our Envestnet Institute on Campus and Essential Advisor programs, and further our commitment to bettering the wealth management industry."
Envestnet Institute on Campus is a program designed to develop a collaborative relationship between academia and industry-leading wealth and asset management firms in order to address the well-documented problem of the talent gap in the industry. Since its inception in spring 2015, more than 1,100 students have completed the EIOC program and 23 universities are participating in the program.
The new EIOC Vision Awards recognize individuals and firms who act as agents of change for the successful future of the wealth management industry. The inaugural award winners include:
University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW): Envestnet is recognizing the University's leadership in bringing the world of business into the world of academia. UNCW has formulated a unique model that Envestnet has adopted as an example for other schools to blend academia and business. One notable aspect of this model is UNCW's Annual Business Week, sponsored by the Cameron School of Business, which brings its students together with successful business professionals.
Paul Vladem, President, Associated Investor Services: Paul is truly redefining hiring practices and the traditional definition of diversity. He and Associated Investor Services have diverted from the usual method of hiring and embraced the EIOC model as a component of succession planning for their firm. Envestnet relies on their success and experiences as a case study for other firms to reference.
"We are proud to honor our first-ever EIOC Vision Award winners for their outstanding contributions to the worlds of academia and business," said Jim Seuffert, Managing Director, Envestnet. "The asset and wealth management industry must harness our collective resources to make a major impact in solving the talent gap issue, and it's organizations like UNCW and individuals like Paul Vladem that are truly making a difference."
Envestnet also announced winners of the second annual Essential Advisor™ Awards during the Advisor Summit. These awards accompany the Essential Advisor™ Certification Program available at the Summit and are given to advisors who embody the values detailed in The Essential Advisor: Building Value in the Investor-Advisor Relationship, an insightful handbook for advisors looking to navigate the changing face of financial services, co-authored by Envestnet President Bill Crager. This year's recipients include:
Eric Cumley, Olympic Wealth Management: When Eric realized his clients would be best served by true independence, he opened his own Registered Investment Advisor (RIA) and utilized a fee-only service model, choosing Envestnet as his platform. Since opening Olympic Wealth Management, Eric has grown his assets significantly and has successfully brought on clients given his knowledge and expertise of the Boeing Retirement Plan. Eric collaborates with professionals in the field to ensure he can solve for any client need, regardless of the complexity of their financial situation, and firmly believes that he can best serve clients by focusing on their goals, not his. Eric also utilizes complex financial planning technology and software, and provides his clients with the same, to better meet their needs.
Charlotte Dougherty, Dougherty & Associates: As founder and Managing Partner of Dougherty & Associates, an award-winning, nationally recognized financial planning and wealth management firm, Charlotte and her team help individuals, families and businesses achieve their true financial potential through the knowledge and guidance that results in better outcomes. She provides customized, unbiased, intelligent guidance and earns the trust of each of her clients. Charlotte is passionate about helping people on their journey to realizing their financial goals and takes the time to understand every client's full financial life, their current timeline, their goals and the personal relationships that affect their life choices.
Jill Lizzi, Bronfman Rothschild: As Director of Wealth Advisory, Jill works closely with affluent families to provide comprehensive advice for all aspects of their financial planning needs. She is an award winning independent RIA managing more than $6 billion in client assets. Helping her clients meet their financial goals is one of the most rewarding aspects of Jill's job. She guides her clients through both simple and complex issues that may arise, including estate planning, tax planning, investment management and retirement planning. Jill is also a Tamarac platform power user who is all about leveraging technology to free up her time from operational issues and spend more time with clients. As an early adopter of the client portal, Jill has been an advocate for the security aspects and accessibility of the portal functionality from Tamarac.
Dan Smith, Signature Wealth Advisors: As Managing Partner, Dan caters to busy, family-oriented, successful business owners and professionals who are seeking a full-service financial partnership by simplifying the complexity of their financial lives. He has a unique ability to deliver objective and unbiased financial solutions. Dan recognizes there is no "one-size-fits-all" financial product, which is why he takes the time to listen to what his clients are trying to achieve in order to develop a financial plan designed to help them attain their goals with some of the best managers and products the industry has to offer. He participated in the Essential Advisor Program in 2017. Dan is also actively involved in serving his community and has served on multiple boards for organizations in Central Florida.
EIOC-EAAwardsRelease-FINAL.pdf


The Truesounds parties are relentlessly popping up all over the country. The first one was held over a decade ago and they are unique because instead of a usual 1-2 hour long set, the crew always plays for the whole night at a selected club, with great success.
Gregory S is well known in Hungary, because he has been constantly touring since 2004. Peter Makto has started to DJ well before that and what brought them together is the love of quality electronic music. The newest member of Truesounds, Davko joined in 2013 and together they will bring an interesting selection of house and techno to Pécs on the last Saturday of October.


Home » Blog » Is Your Disaster Recovery Plan Compliant with Privacy Laws?
Businesses hold a great deal of personal information about their employees and their customers. Privacy laws create restrictions on how that information should be handled. Those with a need to know from a business perspective are allowed access, but most of your employees–and certainly the public outside of your company–should never be able to view it. While your everyday systems are designed to protect this data, if your disaster recovery plan is not equipped to maintain security, you risk running afoul of privacy laws.
For your privacy preservation needs, you need to create two sides of your plan. First, you need to ensure your disaster recovery plan prevents physical access to data locations. This includes access to your servers and your hard copy files. Too often, in the event of a disaster, this becomes a neglected aspect of your security. As people move through your building, you have to lock down any server and file rooms that hold personal information on site. The more you can do to preserve the measures in place from a physical security standpoint, the better your plan will do at maintaining privacy.
Additionally, your need to ensure you do not allow access beyond the people who need it for business purposes. A good disaster recovery plan includes contingencies and redundancies in your emergency personnel to ensure all of your business functions can continue. Still, those redundancies cannot allow access to your customers' or employees' personal information to go unprotected. Any breach, whether physical or cyber-attack, should meet an immediate response that closes off any unnecessary access to this data.
When you create a disaster recovery plan, part of the process is ensuring that your essential business functions can continue. What many do not understand is that security is not just about what does or doesn't happen. Security is also about taking proactive steps that are, in fact, part of your essential business functions. Shifting your mindset from rebuilding defenses to maintaining the processes required can really assist your efforts in protecting your data.
Your disaster recovery plan should always work to protect the privacy rights of everyone connected to your organization.


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Basevisit FAMET Colmenar Viejo, Spain
In May 2017 four members of Low Approach Aviation Photography spend a week in Madrid in Spain. On Wednesday we were able to visit the FAMET base of Colmenar Viejo which is located about 30 km North of Madrid. The Fuerzas Aeromoviles del Ejército de Tierra, or FAMET, is the aviation element of the Spanish Army and operates a wide selection of helicopters which are based strategically over the Spanish territory. Base Coronel Maté at Colmenar Viejo is the home of several units which will be covered in the following overview.
After our arrival and the required identity checks we were greeted by our hosts, Major Vida and Captain Herrero, who would guide us through the various facilities and provided us with the necessary explanations on what we were seeing.
The first unit we visited was the 'Parque y Centro de Mantenimiento de Helicópteros', or PCMHEL. This maintenance unit provides the higher level maintenance for the entire Army Aviation Fleet, at the same time they support the different helicopter battalions with their lower level maintenance tasks. At our arrival in the maintenance hangar one of FAMETs Boeing-Vertol CH47D Chinook was undergoing some deep maintenance and we were given the opportunity to make the pictures we wanted. The Chinook involved, HT.17-10/ET-410, was still wearing the old dark colorscheme, which is now gradually being replaced by a new three-tone camouflage scheme.
As already mentioned PCMHEL performs maintenance on all helicopter types of FAMET, and also a number of Super Pumas/Cougars were undergoing work. As you can see also the Cougar/Super Pumas are equally undergoing the transition from the old darkbrown colorscheme to a much more attractive three tone camouflage scheme.
One of the Super Pumas present was one of the two examples that are specially equipped for the transport of VIP's. These aircraft have a more luxurious interior and are equipped with an airconditioning system. This airconditioning system is visible from the outside in the shape of a large box on the left hand side of the helicopter. The expertise of PCMHEL is also used by the other armed services in Spain, proof of this was the presence of a grey Search and Rescue Super Puma operated by 803 Escuadron of the Ejercito del Aire, Spanish Air Force, based at Cuatro Vientos.
After our visit to a number of other maintenance departments like the paintshop and the avionics department we headed outside to visit the first platform. Here we saw, apart from a number of standard equipped Super Pumas/Cougars, the second VIP Super Puma in the fleet. All Cougars/Super Pumas at Colmenar Viejo are operated by BT FAMET, Batallón De Transmiones. This unit comprises a number of units specialised in electronic measures, countermeasures and communications to support the helicopter units in the field. Besides these specific signal units, the Battalion also has a Flight Unit equipped with the Super Puma and Cougar, including the two VIP versions. During our visit also a nice visitor was present in the shape of one of the first brand new Airbus Helicopters NH90TTH's, which came from BHELMA III (Batallón de Helicópteros de Maniobra III) based at Logroño in the North of Spain. Here the NH90TTH is replacing the last Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blöhm Bö105's in service with FAMET. The latest reports indicate that the Bo105 will be completely withdrawn from service by the end of 2017.
On the flightline another nice surpise was awaiting us, and this in the shape of a handful Bell UH1H Iroquois helicopters, which also appear to be in use by BT FAMET. Our expectation is that also this type gradually will be phased out and replaced by more modern equipment. Next to the platform a number of additional stored Hueys could be seen, and these had certainly seen better days. In this row also a single MBB Bo105 was present.
The next unit present at Colmenar Viejo is CEFAMET, Centro de Enseñanza de Helicópteros, the FAMET Training Center tasked with the training of future helicopter pilots. In addition CEFAMET is also responsible for the training of helicopter maintenance staff. The helicopter used for pilot training is the Eurocopter EC135T2+, a number of which were also present on the platform. One of the EC135T2+'s provided the only flying activity during our visit. A second training unit is CESIFAMET, Centro de Simulación de las FAMET, is composed of a number of simulator systems in different locations, Colmenar Viejo houses the simulators for the CH47D Chinook and the AS532 Cougar.
When we had covered this first platform we received approval from Flight Operations to cross the runway for a visit to the second platform. This platform is used primarily by BHELTRA V, Batallón de Helicópteros de Transporte V, that is equipped with the Boeing-Vertol CH47D Chinook. To our surprise our hosts gave us full freedom to cover this area and we managed to photograph all the aircraft present. The Chinook entered service with FAMET over 30 years ago, and thanks to continued upgrades the helicopters still are on the latest standard of technology. The unit is operating all over the Spanish territory and supports infantry, artillery and paratrooper units with a variety of tasks, from the transport of personnel, the airlifting of armament and providing a platform for paradrops. Spanish Chinooks were also deployed to Iraq, Afghanistan and Albania in different humanitarian and peacekeeping missions, where this 'heavyweight' capability was greatly appreciated by the ground troops.
After our visit to the Chinook platform we headed for a next maintenance unit. Here we discovered two EC135P2+'s which are allocated to BHELEME II/UME, Batallón de Helicópteros de Emergencias II/Unidad Militar de Emergencias. This unit is the youngest unit within FAMET. UME is the Military Emergency Unit comprising a number of Intervention Battalions spread over the Spanish territory. The flying part of UME comprises a number of aircraft and helicopters that can be deployed in case of an emergency, providing relief, rescue and firefighting missions. Apart of the helicopters that we saw at Colmenar Viejo also the Canadair CL215/415 fire-bombers based at Torrejon are allocated to UME. Headquarters of BHELEME II is on the base of Bétere (near Valencia) , but this unit has a detachment at Colmenar Viejo.
Final part of our visit was the base museum. This museum covers the complete history from FAMET and the door of the museum is 'guarded' by an armed Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blöhm Bö105C-LOH. Centrepiece of the collection is the first helicopter that ever landed at Colmenar Viejo, a Bell UH1B Iroquois with serial HU.8B-10/ET-206. In addition a number of weapon systems are present and a recreation of a Chinook fuselage which is used as a 'cinema' to show videos to the visitors. A nice detail was the presence of the helmets and flight bags of both King Juan Carlos and his successor, King Felipe II. Both are helicopters pilots and regularly come to Colmenar Viejo to perform a number of flying hours.
After the visit to the museum it was time to say goodbye to our hosts. After the exchange of some presents we left the base with a lot of great photo material and newly acquired knowledge.
Our visit to the base of Colmenar Viejo was one of the highlights of our Spanish tour and we want to thank our two hosts, Major Vida, Captain Herrero and all the people in the various departments who provided us with their expert explanations for their time and hospitality, it was greatly appreciated by all of us !
Text : Laurent Heyligen
Photography : Laurent Heyligen, Dirk Geuns, Andy Patzelt


Dialogue Poll: 'Yacimovich Labor' 22, 'Peretz Labor' 18, Right Block 64-65 seats.
A poll carried out by Dialogue the day after the Labor chairmanship vote (Monday 13 September 2011) and published the following day shows that Israel's two largest parties (Kadima and Likud) are losing strength. If MK Yacimovich leads Labor in the next elections Likud would win with 25 seats and a 64-seat right wing coalition; Kadima and Labor would have 22 seats each. If MK Peretz leads Labor in the next elections, Likud would win with 24 seats and own a 65-seat right wing coalition, with Kadima edging out Labor 24 to 18. It would appear that Likud and Shas are losing 3-4 seats to the other right leaning parties, while Kadima is losing seats to Labor and Meretz on the left. The poll has a representative sample of 482 likely voting Israeli adults, and the statistical error is about 4.5 percentage points.
08 08  Hadash, Ra'am-Ta'al and Balad combined.
Any idea why the polls have such different results? The primary?
The poll shows that the Labor chairmanship election has brought back some support for the party. It also shows that many people who would vote for a Yacimovich Labor would not vote for a Peretz Labor.
The Knesset is going to assume more of a civil service role in the near future. Most of the great existential questions of policy can be decided by another chamber. There was no Knesset during the 420 years of the Jewish Monarchy.


I'm excited to check out the new automatic iOS configuration feature in 8.8.9, so I upgraded to 8.8.10.
I cannot find any documentation on how to configure this new feature. Can someone point me in the right direction?


text:
Q: PHP/Regex: extracting video id from youtube url- embedded code I am trying to get embedded code from a youtube url input. I came upon this ANSWER but now that i applied that answer to my code i get no results. My goal is to have the regex make the url into this: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=videoid. How would i be able to get the regex function to actually work with my code?

    <form method="post" action="">
    URL:
    <input type="text" value="<?php $text ?>" name="yurl">

    Autoplay:
    <input type="checkbox" value="<?php $auto1; $auto2; ?>" name="yautop">

    <input type="submit" value="Generate Embed Code" name="ysubmit">

    </form>

PHP
<?php

$vari ='';

if($_POST)
{

    function linkifyYouTubeURLs($vari) {
        $vari = preg_replace('~
            # Match non-linked youtube URL in the wild. (Rev:20111012)
            https?://         # Required scheme. Either http or https.
            (?:[0-9A-Z-]+\.)? # Optional subdomain.
            (?:               # Group host alternatives.
              youtu\.be/      # Either youtu.be,
            | youtube\.com    # or youtube.com followed by
              \S*             # Allow anything up to VIDEO_ID,
              [^\w\-\s]       # but char before ID is non-ID char.
            )                 # End host alternatives.
            ([\w\-]{11})      # $1: VIDEO_ID is exactly 11 chars.
            (?=[^\w\-]|$)     # Assert next char is non-ID or EOS.
            (?!               # Assert URL is not pre-linked.
              [?=&+%\w]*      # Allow URL (query) remainder.
              (?:             # Group pre-linked alternatives.
                [\'"][^<>]*>  # Either inside a start tag,
              |           # or inside  element text contents.
              )               # End recognized pre-linked alts.
            )                 # End negative lookahead assertion.
            [?=&+%\w-]*        # Consume any URL (query) remainder.
            ~ix',
            'YouTube link: $1',
            $vari);
        return $vari;
    }

    $vari       = $_POST['yurl'];
    $hth        = 300; //$_POST['yheight'];
    $wdth       = 500; //$_POST['ywidth'];
    $is_auto    =   0;

    $step1 =explode ('v=', $vari);
    $step2 =explode ('&',$step1[1]);

    if(isset($_POST['yautop'] ))
    {
        if($_POST['yautop'] == 1)
            $is_auto    =   1;
    }
    $auto1  = '?autoplay='.$is_auto;
    $auto2  = '&autoplay='.$is_auto;
?>

Iframe Result:

<?
//Iframe code with optional autoplay

echo  ('');
?>

A: Maybe I am missing something here but would it not be a lot easier to use parse_url and parse_str:
$url = 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Imh0vEnOMXU&feature=g-vrec';    // some youtube url
$parsed_url = parse_url($url);
/*
 * Do some checks on components if necessary
 */
parse_str($parsed_url['query'], $parsed_query_string);
$v = $parsed_query_string['v'];

See the example on codepad.
Of course if your input it the complete code snippet youtube provides, you would need a DOM parser to get to the url.

A: You seem to have forgotten to use "echo" in your HTML to output the variables. Would it work if you changed the inline PHP to:
<?php echo $text ?>

and:
<?php echo $auto1 . $auto2; ?>

This last one I changed it to cut the two strings together, they seem to try and do the same thing so maybe you only need one of them, but if you want both of them printed after each other, what I changed it into should work for that.
Does that help?


text:
Cattywompus Review
By Gary Schwind
This 6-song, self-titled EP begins with "Tumbleweed Blues." This song features some fat guitar licks and solid work from the rhythm section. This tune is a hybrid of 70s guitar rock and blues, reminiscent of the kind of songs Lenny Kravitz used to perform. You know, when he still made good music.
"Dog Town" kicks off with a riff that is pure Carlos Santana. You know, when he still made good music. When you listen to this song, turn up the volume and just soak up the guitar. Oh, and you may want to crank it out your window so your neighbors can soak it up too.
The band tones it down for "Wildfire." The sound is rich, but not nearly as dense as in the two preceding songs. This song has a mood similar to Grandaddy.
I like this EP, but come on! Six songs? That's nothing more than a tease. These guys give heavy doses of guitar, balanced with a tight rhythm section. And while there are only six songs, each one is just packed with guitar-driven goodness. You may want to put this album on repeat because it's so short, if you only play it once, you'll barely have your air guitar warmed up by the time it's done.
CD Info and Links
Cattywompus
Label:Indie
Preview and Purchase This CD Online
Visit the official homepage
More articles for this artist


text:
Q: Printing Graphs in Python I will soon start working on a certain computer science assignment, and one of the things I will have to do is use data from a database (I will use SQLite, and its plugin in Mozilla Firefox), and one of the things which I need my program to output is a normal distribution graph of the grades. It would be nice if you could tell me whether I can create a GUI program that can do that (for now I am using Jetbrains Pycharm Edu) Can someone please tell me how am I supposed to do that, consider me not a total starter in python but not a professional either, thank you in advance!

A: I had to create a GUI for my python app like you. And there are mainly two choices. Either you create a native app using some qt for ex. Or you create a web app. I chose the latter for simplicity and portability.
There are lots of framework out there like pyramid. Then using plotly (or bokeh, etc.) you will be able to convert (HTML+JS) some matplotlib directly into interactive plots.


1. As you plan the wedding, don't spend money; spend time with those you love.
2. Spend more time and energy planning the marriage than the wedding.
When Ken and I got married, twenty-five years ago, we wanted a grand wedding with all of the accouterments – the fairy tale dress and tuxedos, the large wedding party, the enormous guest list, an unforgettable nuptial Mass, a full-course dinner, and a joy-filled evening of dancing and partying. We got it all. We hosted 300 guests, and we didn't break the bank doing it.
My aunt, my mother, and I scoured the stores to find the perfect dress at the perfect price. We bought it, off the rack, at a discount bridal shop. It was on the "last year's fashions" rack and was exactly what I wanted. The veil was made with my mother's wedding tiara. I wore it for my First Communion as did my both of my cousins and, years later, all three of my daughters. We added new tule and some pearls, and it was the perfect accessory for my dress. I wanted lots of lace, a modest bodice, a beautiful back, and a detailed train. I got it all at a bargain basement price. I just had to be patient, wait and relax, and enjoy the hunt with my aunt and my mom.
The church that my parents attended (in the parish where I attended when in high school and before marriage) was under construction, so we headed up the road to the church I grew up in, and it was still as beautiful as I remembered it. We worked with our Pastor, Father Paul Dudziak, to plan a meaningful ceremony rich in faith and tradition. Afterward, a friend of Ken's lamented that he had never attended a wedding that was an hour and a half long! It was worth every minute. I've never been a fan of the ten-minute wedding. I believe a wedding should be something that represents the eternal love of Jesus Christ as well as the eternal bond of marriage. I wanted everyone, especially Ken and me, to leave the church knowing that something special, something lasting, something sacred had just taken place.
Our flower arrangements and bouquets were designed by mother and me with the help of a family friend who owned a florist. She helped us choose exquisite selections that matched the color theme and my personal tastes while staying within a strict budget. Our biggest single expense was probably the photographer, but we could afford to spend a little more because we cut costs everywhere else, including the wedding cake. A friend of ours owned a bakery and made the most mouth-watering cakes you've ever tasted. When we asked her about making the cake, she insisted on making it as her gift to us. We have never forgotten her generosity.
We held our reception at the church hall next to our parish's yet-to-be-constructed church. It wasn't fancy, but it was affordable, and the decorations that my mother and her friend planned and designed transformed the room from an ordinary church hall into an elegant banquet room. We hired someone with event experience to make sure the food was on the buffet table and to do all of the serving and cleanup of the dishes.
Believe it or not, we made all of the food ourselves. Yes, we made a traditional Southern Maryland Fall Dinner, for 300 people, all by ourselves. Every – single – bite – with the exception of frozen rolls that were baked fresh during the ceremony. For months, everyone in the family chipped in to pick crab meat. Throughout the summer, we saved enough meat for my grandmother and Ken's grandmother to fill their freezers with homemade crab balls. My mother made hundreds of her unforgettable pumpkin muffins and froze those as well. My father and my grandmother spent days, leading up to the wedding, making the Southern Maryland Stuffed Ham, a delicacy only found in Southern Maryland. My uncle worked his magic to grill melt-in-your-mouth pit beef. And the day before the wedding, all of the women in our family, my Godmother, my bridal party, and several family friends, gathered in the church hall to cut fruit and veggies, steam shrimp, and assemble trays while the men followed my mother's decorating instructions. We talked, we laughed, and we reminisced. It was a day that I remember and cherish as much as the wedding day itself, and in some ways, even more.
But the truth is that none of that would have mattered. None of it would have meant anything at all. All of it would have been for nothing if Ken and I had not spent as much effort planning and working on our marriage. Twenty-five years together, in today's world, is a long time. Sometimes, it feels like twice that. There have been days when we didn't like each other very much. There have been moments when we wondered if it was worth it. There have been fights and slammed doors and long drives to clear my head. But in the end, we meant it when we said, "until death do us part." We've lived through the good times and bad, the richer and poorer, the sickness and health. We've laughed until we cried and cried until we laughed. But we've always been there for each other. We've never turned our backs on each other, never considered life without the other, never looked to anything beyond what we have together.
Don't ever let anyone tell you that, if you're right for each other, everything else will fall into place. Don't let anyone tell you that marriage shouldn't be hard sometimes. Don't believe that you won't have to work at it, even harder than you work at your job, your studies, your goals. But don't ever think for a moment that it isn't worth it to have someone to come home to who loves you more than anyone or anything in the world. To have someone to share your dreams and your failings. Someone to hold you when you cry and someone who knows how to make you laugh.
And don't make the mistake that so many make these days and wait until it's too late! There will NEVER be enough money. There will NEVER be the right time in your career. There will NEVER be plenty of time down the road for the timing to be right. We got married at 23 and 24. Unheard of today! We still had several years of graduate and law school ahead of us. We had nothing except college loans and a lot of hope and dreams. And we had each other, a plan, and faith.
As we read in Ecclesiastes, "Therefore, it is better for two to be together, than for one to be alone. For they have the advantage of their companionship. If one falls, he shall be supported by the other." (Ecc. 4:9-10). And in Proverbs: "To find a wife is the find happiness, a favor granted by the Lord" (Prob 18:22). So, to those young couples getting ready to embark on the most wonderful time of your lives, don't worry about spending a fortune on your wedding. A small budget can still give you the wedding of your dreams! But do spend a fortune on your marriage, paid for with all the treasures that will ensure a happy life together – love, joy, communication, tenderness, understanding, patience, resiliency, forgiveness, and an abundance of faith in God.
What I was writing about a year ago this week: A Little Time to Spare.


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text:
Hyllus keratodes är en spindelart som först beskrevs av Johan Coenraad van Hasselt 1882.  Hyllus keratodes ingår i släktet Hyllus och familjen hoppspindlar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Hoppspindlar
keratodes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia