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Definitions for "CCD"
Keywords: couple, sensor, scanner, semiconductor, oupled
Related Terms: Charge-coupled device, Charged coupled device, Ccd sensor, Image sensor, Charge coupled device, Ccd camera, Charge, Integration, Digital cameras, Video camera, Photosite, Digital camera, Dlp, Noise, Camera , Blooming, Video projector, Optical resolution, Image intensifier, Dmd, Binning, Digital micromirror device, Eis, Dark current, Digital light processing, Drum scanner, Digital photography, Digital zoom, Frame transfer, Matrix switcher, Flatbed scanner, Projector, Picture element, Megapixel, Dark frame, Digitiser, Switcher, Video switcher, Liquid crystal display, D-ila, Quantum efficiency, Scanning, Image scanner, Pmt , Electron microscope, Megapixels, Digital images, Digital image, Camcorder
Charged Couple Device; this is the internal "sensor" that most consumer digital cameras use to capture the image.
digicaminfo.com
The light-sensitive imaging microchip found in digital security cameras.
securitycameras101.com
Charged Coupled Device. A memory device used in hand held bar code reader. CCD scanners use a light technology to read bar codes.
tyner.com
Character Coupled Device; Most commonly found in electronic scanners this device converts light waves into digital information.
microtek.com.sg
This is a computer chip that converts the light energy that enters a camera into an electrical charge, which is then converted into an electronic image. The image is then optimized into a very high quality picture. There are two types of CCD: frame transfer and interline transfer.
video-surveillance-guide.com
A light sensitive semi-conductor used as an image sensor in video cameras.
bourbonhd.com
Charged Coupled Device. a light-sensitive chip or sensor used in scanners and digital cameras to converts light into digital signals
roborealm.com
This device turns light into an electrical current and is the "film" of a digital camera.
superwarehouse.com
See Charged Coupled Device.
Charged Coupled Device. A CCD chip is an array of light-sensitive elements. When light impinges on the elements electrons are released, producing an electrical current. The elements within the CCD chip are discrete therefore the image produced from the elements contains discrete elements or pixels. See Pixel.
Charged Couple Device. Most scanners and digital cameras use an array of these photosensitive elements to convert light into electrical currents which get converted into digital format. Compare CCD arrays to the grains of silver oxide on film -- film has a much higher resolution and, because of its random grain structure, a warmer feel.
wesleyan.edu
Charged Coupled Device, the active detector elements in ACIS.
acis.mit.edu
(Charged Coupled Device) an analog, solid state imaging sensor. Used in video cameras to provide superior picture quality, work well in low light situations, and provide unwanted burn-lag-or registration problems characteristic of out-dated tube cameras.
motionpictureservices.net
Charged-Coupled Device. A unit in which packets of electrically charged particles circulate continuously through cells printed onto a semiconductor.
Charge Coupling Device
archive.eso.org
Most digital camcorders use an array of electronic, CCD image sensors to capture scenes. The CCD reads light and captures video and still images as thousands of tiny pixels. The resolution of the CCD determines the resolution of the camcorder. The size of the CCD and number of pixels differ from camcorder to camcorder, though many are 1/4 inch and capture between 270,000 and 680,000 pixels. Generally, larger CCDs with high pixel count offer better performance and picture.
gateway.com
Synonymous for image; most programs in NEMO which handle images start or end with `` ccd''.
bima.astro.umd.edu
Charged Couple Device. An optical sensor which is used in optical recorders such as digital cameras and digital camcorders. It is made out of thousands of tiny silicon sensors which will produce a small electric current when struck by a particle of light.
library.thinkquest.org
A small chip that holds light-sensing devices. Uses fluorescent light to illuminate the entire document. A series of mirrors reflects the light and focuses the document image onto the chip. The various densities of the image (light/dark) are measured and converted to digital signals.
ricohfacsimile.com
Abbreviation of CHARGED COUPLED DEVICE. A digital sensor that converts light into electrical current. When used in digital cameras, it is the electronic equivalent of film. See also CMOS, SENSOR.
blackphoto.com
Charged Coupled Device. The computer chip that records the image and translates it into pixels.
pages.ebay.ca
The miniature electronic chip inside the camcorder that converts light into an electrical signal. It is made up of hundreds of thousands of light-sensitive picture elements, or pixels.
seaspray.trinity-bris.ac.uk
The silicone microchip that converts information about brightness and colors of the operative field into an electronic signal that is transmitted via camera cord to the CCU
sys.virginia.edu
harge oupled evice - Imaging sensor in digital cameras.
ximinasphotography.com
Photosensitive CCD's are used in scanners, digital cameras video cameras. The CCD basically reads the image by storing a group of charges based on the image that it is exposed to. These charges are analog charges, as opposed to simple digital on / off charges. Thus, you can grab degrees of light and color to transfer a visual image into a group of electrical charges, and then to your computer screen, video tape, or printer.
weethet.nl
Charged Couple Device- the key image-processing component. A semiconductor chip which coordinates photosensors (pixels) to turn a picture into electronic signals. Most cameras have a 1 chip but the best is a 3CCD unit with a chip for each color element (red, green and blue). The higher the number of pixels the more information can be resolved resulting in a better picture.
panasonic.co.uk
This light-sensitive image device used in many digital cameras is a large integrated circuit that contains hundreds of thousands of photo-sites (pixels) that convert light energy into electronic signals. Its size is measured diagonally and can be 1/4", 1/3", 1/2" or 2/3".
axis.se
Change coupled devices.
eastpointnew.www91.cn4e.com
a camera's imaging sensor
consumersearch.com
harge oupled evice. A semiconductor light detector which converts light to electrical impulses. Such detectors are used by a number of the instruments on SOHO, including EIT, LASCO, and MDI.
soho.nascom.nasa.gov
Coupled-cluster, doubles. A theory of electron correlation that is complete to infinite order but only for a subset of possible excitations (doubles, for CCD). See " CI ."
srdata.nist.gov
one of the two main types of image sensors found in digital cameras. When a picture is taken, the CCD is struck by light coming through the camera's lens. Each of the thousands or millions of tiny pixels that make up the CCD converts this light into electrons. The number of electrons, usually described as the pixel's accumulated charge, is measured, and then converted to a digital value. This last step occurs outside the CCD, in a camera component called an analogue-to-digital converter.
archart.co.uk
The computer chip in video cameras that converts light images into an electronic signal.
bavc.org
A device that stores information by representing it as packets of minute electrical charges. Also used as sensors for scanning visual images.
beachbrowser.com
Acronym for Charged Couple Device. Used primarily in flatbed scanners to capture information of the image being scanned. BOPI uses a number of flatbed scanners to scan line work and halftones, copy-dot scan and also de-screen scan.
bopi.com
A sensor that reads the charges that are built up on a sensor's photosites, one row at a time.
digitalcameradepot.com
An electronic chip that samples an analog signal, i.e., it's the widget that captures the pictures in a digital camera.
fordhamfrc.org
charge coupled devices. These are also known as charge coupled semiconductors. They are semiconductors that are specially fabricated to detect light. They are the sensors used in cameras and scanners to change light into electricity. On this site, the issues presented by CCDs are considered to be the same as those from light diodes and CMOS sensors.
ifr-everywhere.com
harged oupled evice, light sensitive sensors
pixelpartner.de
CCD stands for Charged-Couple Device. The CCD is the part of the digital camera that converts light to an electric signal useable by the digital camera's electronics. The CCD is made up of (usually) millions of tiny sensors that record the amount of light that hits them, each sensor contains the information for one pixel. The sensors only record the amount of light that hits them, not the color of the light. For the digital camera to detect what color is in each pixel, a special method is used. To capture color, the digital camera applies a color filter over the individual sensors, the filter is usually applied directly to the CCD using dye.
sony-digitalcamera.com
A light sensitive silicon chip used for astronomical imaging. The CCD is more sensitive than a photographic plate and the results can be read directly into a computer. The chip consists of an array of light sensitive pixels which store charge directly proportional to the light they have received. The society has access to a liquid nitrogen cooled CCD for the 16" telescope.
star.le.ac.uk
A special type of chip that can convert light into electronic signals. A DV camera focuses light through a lens and onto a CCD where it is converted into electronic signals that can be stored on tape. Many modern, hi-grade DV Cameras have 3 CCD.
secret.oucs.ox.ac.uk
Charge Coupled Device; It is light sensitive and forms the imaging device of most modern cameras. Size is measured diagonally and can be 1/3",1/2" or 2/3".
tecton-cctv.com
The "Charge Coupled Device" is an imaging device made of light-sensing pixels inside every digital camera. Simply put, it is the part of the camera that captures the image. More pixels in the CCD mean higher resolution, or sharper images.
A semiconductor device that converts optical images to electronic signals. It has embedded tiny specs of light sensitive material (pixels) that, when electronically charged and exposed to light generates electronic pulses producing an image.
bhphotovideo.com
Charged Coupled Device – a light sensitive digital image sensor used by most digital cameras.
pixibit.com
Stands for 'Charge Coupled Device'. CCD chips are the detectors used in digital cameras.
starsandscopes.net
Charge Coupled Device. A type of solid-state silicon wafer designed to detect light.
Stands for Charge Coupled Device, which is the new age imaging device, replacing old tubes. When first invented in the 1970's, it was initially intended to be used as a memory device.
footprintsecurity.com.au
Charge-Coupled Device. For astronomy, the most commonly used optical imaging sensor.
starlink.rl.ac.uk
Charge Coupled Device A device that registers changes in light, using diodes located at the back of the device.
headley.co.uk
(Charge-Coupled Device) : A CCD is a semiconductor device that records images electronically.
biofp.com
contact image sensor
sbc.webopedia.com
The CCD is the key image sensing part of a camcorder that converts light into an electronic signal. This signal is then stored on the videotape.
webelectricals.co.uk
The integrated circuit in a solid-state camera that replaced the camera tube.
rtssentry.com
Stands for "Charged Coupled Device." CCDs are sensors used in digital cameras ...
sharpened.net
Charge-coupled device, a very sensitive electronic device that is revolutionizing astronomy in the 1990s. CCD cameras are composed of silicon chips that are sensitive to light, changing detected photons of light into electronic signals that can then be used to make images of astronomical objects or to analyze how much light is being received from such objects. CCDs require computers for reduction of data, so the expense can be much greater than for, say, photography --- but CCDs can detect much fainter objects than can photographs. Unfiltered CCDs tend to be more red-sensitive than the human eye.
aoe.com.au
An electronic memory made of a metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) transistor than can store patterns of charges sequentially. CCDs are used in TVs and scanning devices because they're charged by both light and electricity.
signweb.com
(Charge Coupled Device) The most common type of image sensor. The CCD works in the same way as the human eye and consists of hundreds of thousands of pixels that individually sense red, green and blue light.
Charge-coupled device. The new age imaging device, replacing the old tubes. When first invented in the 1970s, it was initially intended to be used as a memory device. Most often used in cameras, but also in telecine, fax machines, scanners, etc.
icunet.net
charge-coupled device) A strip of light-sensitive cells that converts light waves reflected from an image during scanning into digital information. area CCD: A square CCD that can capture the entire image at once. Essential for moving objects. linear CCD: Captures the image in a series of individual images. Best suited for still objects.
bestbuy.com
CCD sensors consist of a one- or two-dimensional array of memory elements. They are mainly useful as image sensor in video cameras, scanners and digital cameras.
alpha.am
Charge Coupled Device - a light sensitive imaging device for almost all cameras. Typical sizes for CCTV cameras - 1/2", 1/3", 1/4".
reviews.ebay.com
Charge-Coupled Device. A light sensitive semi-conductor that converts received light into voltage according to the level of brightness. It is used as a chip or line sensor in digital cameras and scanners. (progressive CCD, video CCD)
olympusimaging.com.au
Charged Coupled Device. A light sensitive integrated circuit that captures video images, and forms the heart of all of today's camcorders.
petesvideo.com
Abbr. "Charged Coupled Device". A photosensitive analogue component which converts its exposure to light into an electric signal. CCDs are used in digital cameras, scanners and other digital picture acquisition devices.
Short of "Charge Coupled Device." It is a semiconductor chip with a grid of light-sensitive elements. It is used to convert light images into an electrical signals as in a television camera.
digitivity.com
A charge-coupled device, or CCD, is a light sensitive electronic device that converts light into an electrical charge.
1st-in-scanners.com
CCD stands for charge-coupled device. A CCD is a detector made on a silicon wafer. Due to the physical nature of silicon, photons of light that hit it generate electrons in the silicon. The job of the CCD is to collect these electrons in its "light buckets" (called pixels) during the length of the exposure to light. The more light falling on a particular "light bucket" or pixel, the more electrons that pixel will contain. The buckets then transfer their electrons (think 'water bucket brigade') out to the CCD controller (which contains the electronics to control the CCD) and on to the computer. The computer regenerates the image and voila
itl.arizona.edu
Charge-Coupled Device, or light-sensitive integrated circuit that stores and displays image data by converting each pixel (picture element) into an electrical charge. The corresponding intensity of that charge directly relates to a specific color in the color spectrum.
camcorderinfo.com
Charge coupled device used in cameras. It consists of a shift register that stores samples of analog signals.
videophoneconnection.com
harge oupled evice Used in television cameras as a photo-sensitive device to convert light into an electrical signal.
video.ja.net
Charge Coupled Device, an integrating optical detector in the near infrared, visible and ultraviolet region
earth.esa.int
Acronym for Charge-Coupled Device. In common terms, it's the semiconductor chip that is used to collect light and convert it into a digital image. The conversion process involves grabbing the collected light from small sections of the chip in a continuous fashion similar to a television screen.
stockeryale.com
charge-coupled device. A CCD is used by digital cameras and scanners. It is a grid of light-sensitive cells that store an electrical charge proportional to the amount of light falling on them. The charge value in each cell is converted from analogue to digital and is used to build up a complete image.
northernstar.co.uk
CHARGE COUPLED DEVICE. A semiconductor device, often used for sensing light, which operates by storing charge on capacitors and selectively moving that charge through the device by manipulating voltages on its electrodes.
astro-med.com
A charge coupled device (CCD) is a light-sensitive integrated circuit that stores and displays the data for an image in such a way that each pixel (picture element) in the image is converted into an electical charge the intensity of which is related to a color in the color spectrum.
(Charge-coupled device) A solid-state image pick-up device that converts light into an electrical charge; used as the image sensor in digital cameras and camcorders (analogous to film in a traditional camera) and in other digital imaging devices such as scanners. It is the chip within a digital camera or digital camcorder that converts the brightness and color information from the lens into digital data.
k0swi.microlnk.com
A type of light detection device used in many popular scanners, digital cameras, and video cameras that generates electrical current in direct proportion to how much light strikes areas of the sensor.
dmphoto.0catch.com
Charge coupled device: Electronic memory that records shades of light to capture images, including video. An analog-to-digital converter translates the light information into pixels, with more pixels offering higher resolution. Listed actual pixel count is more than the effective pixel count.
pages.ebay.com
Charged-Coupled Device. Why it is called that need not concern us now, but basically it is the imaging "chip" inside a TV camera, digital camera and many kinds of scientific optical instruments (including the AFOS).
phys.unsw.edu.au
A light sensor that is employed by scanners and digital cameras to convert analog data into digital data. CCD's can be arranged in various configurations: Single rows - a bar with a single line of sensors on it. With three bars - one to capture each of the RGB's separate components as the bars are passed over the material being captured. Or they can be arranged in an array, to capture a rectangular field, the way film does from a 35 mm camera. See also Scanner, CMOS.
jaress.net
Charged-Coupled Device: scanner bar
brother.com
the silicon chip behind the lens which electronically converts light into thousands of picture-making pixels (dots). Domestic camcorders tend to have only one CCD whereas professional models have three - one for each of the red, green and blue colours.
terrymen.demon.co.uk
Charge Coupled Device – the type of sensor (see sensor) used in most digital cameras today.
a Charged Coupled Device is a type of electronic solid-state semiconductor device that is extremely sensitive to light. These devices are assembled on integrated circuit chips into either long rows for scanning devices or into arrays of rows and columns for digital and video cameras.
digitalcamera-guide.com
An acronym for Charge Coupled Device, a modern form of a camera imaging device.
labsafety.com
Charge Coupled Device. A self-scanning semiconductor imaging device which uses metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS), surface storage and information transfer technologies.
jmloptical.com
Coupled Charged Device
eso.org
Charged Coupled Device. Light-detection device used in many scanners, digital cameras, and video cameras that generates electrical current in direct proportion to how much light strikes areas of the sensor. A CCD array is an arrangement of CCD sensors mounted in close proximity that allows for the simultaneous capturing of many pixels with one exposure.
ashley-printers.com.au
Charge Coupled Diode. Memory device which convert the light to the electric signal by the matrix of many particles on the silicon basis. Used for the barcode recognition by the hand scanner.
barcode.ro
Charged Coupled Device. This is a solid state semiconductor imaging device often referred to as an integrated circuit, chip or "imager." Solid state cameras are sometimes referred to as CCD cameras.
stampsco.com
charge coupled device. A type of solid-state detector used in cameras.
athena.cornell.edu
Charge-coupled device. A common image sensor found in digital cameras.
valleycamera.com
Charged Coupling Device. The digital camera equivalent of film, converts light into electrical current.
value2you.co.uk
Charge Coupled Device. One type of sensor in a digital camera.
zuberphotographics.com
Charge Coupled Device. This scanner type has is usually inexpensive and light weight. The disadvantage is that the the scanner must touch the barcode and usually can only scan a barcode the same length as the device. Meaning, if you have a 4" barcode and the CCD is only 3", there is a good chance that it may not read it correctly.
barcoding.com
Charged Couple Device - the light-sensitive chip in a digital camera used to store images.
CCD stands for Charge Coupled Device, a semiconductor that has a plurality of light sensitive areas. A CCD can have a single linear set of light sensitive areas or the areas can be arranged in a 2-dimentional array. The device is used in a wide range of products, including video cameras and bar code readers.
adams1.com
CCD stands for charged couple device. It is the sensor used within digital cameras that consists of a series of light sensitive diodes. This sensor receives the image information (photons) and converts it into data that is able to be processed by the camera (electrons).
spiritsociety.org
Abbreviation of ( harged oupled evices) CCDs are a layout of minute light-sensitive elements. Each element detects the quantity of incidental light and stores it as an electrical charge. CCDs are used as a recording unit in the form of chips or line sensors in digital cameras, scanners, etc. There are different CCD element layouts. The most well known are linear CCDs, which are used in many flat bed and slide scanners. Linear CCDs record each complete line and not individual points. The elements of a surface CCD on the other hand are arranged in a matrix.
isd.toshiba.com.au
Charge Coupled Device. A light sensitive solid-state detector that generates a voltage which is proportional to the intensity of illumination. Arrays of CCDs make up pushbroom scanners.
unesco.org
A Charge Coupled Device is a bar code scanner which senses the light and dark areas of a symbol.
barcode-uk.com
Charge Coupled Device. Type of bar code scanner that uses LEDs (not lasers) to flood the bar code with light.
cybra.com
Charge-Coupled Device. A computer chip that is used to capture the digital images in digital still cameras.
digitalcity.net.au
Charge Coupled Device. A device in a camera that takes the light falling onto it and converts it into an electrical signal
cctvdynamics.com
Charge Coupled Device. Solid-state, light detecting device
stsci.edu
Acronym for Charged Coupled Device is used to capture photos on a grid array that can then be converted to digital images. CCD's are used in common video cameras and also on ultra-sensitive light gathering cameras for microscopy and astronomy. In some cases, CCD's can register as little as a single photon event.
lifesciences.asu.edu
Charged Coupled Device" is a solid state device that converts an optical image into an electrical current which is processed into a video signal. Also known as a "Chip" camera.
macecatalog.com
Charge Coupled Device. A light sensitive integrated circuit that is used in most most modern cameras. Size is measured diagonally and may be 1/3", 1/2" or 2/3".
allthings.com.au
Charge-coupled device. An integrated, micro-electronic light sensing device built into some image-capturing devices.
prographics.com
(Charge Coupled Device) An image sensor that reads the charges from the sensor's photosites one row at a time.
search.globalspec.com
Charge Coupled Device. A photo-sensitive image sensor implemented with large scale integration technology.
machinevision.navitar.com
Charge Coupled Device. CCDs are used in digital cameras to convert light to electronic signals. They are used in digital cameras to convert light to the appropriate digital information for recording on storage tapes or disks.
scenesavers.com
A camcorder's light-sensing device composed of an array of individual sensors, or pixels, that "see" the image coming through the lens.
halfvalue.co.uk
Charged Coupled Device-Used in scanners to sense the light and dark areas of a symbol.
abarcodebusiness.com
Charge Coupled Device: one of the two main types of image sensors used in digital cameras. When a picture is taken, the CCD is struck by light coming through the camera's lens. Each of the thousands or millions of tiny pixels that make up the CCD convert this light into electrons. The number of electrons, usually described as the pixel's accumulated charge, is measured and then converted (outside the CCD, in an analog-to-digital converter) to a digital value.
kenningtons.com
Charge-Coupled-Device, the solid state component found in a wide variety of products from simple scanners and fax machines, to highly sophisticated devices, like linear imagers, video cameras, and digital cameras.
questsolution.com
Charged Coupled Device. Converts light into analog electrical currents. CCDs are used in many higher-end digital cameras as well as scanners, camcorders and digital copiers. This is one of two types of image-sensor computer chips.
pentaximaging.com
(charge coupled device) Light-sensitive integrated circuit in video cameras that converts images into electrical signals. Sometimes referred to as a "chip."
njtec.org
Charge-coupled device. The image sensor that separates the spectrum of color into red, green and blue for digital processing by the camera. In digital cameras both Area and Linear CCDs are used. A CCD captures only black-and-white images. The image is passed through red, green and blue filters in order to capture color. Area CCD: A square or rectangular CCD that can capture an entire image at once, which is essential for dynamic subjects and flash photography. Linear CCD: a.k.a. scanner-type CCD, these sensors are long and thin, and capture an image by recording a vast number of individual "exposures" while scanning across the picture frame. These are best suited for still subjects and continuous illumination.
tustincamera.com
Electronic sensor used by all auto focus cameras, capable of detecting subject contrast; also an image-receiving device for video camera.
ghostwatchers.org
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btr-komatsu.co.jp
Charged Coupled Device, a solid state image pick-up device or sensor that produces an output analogous to the amount of light striking each of it's picture elements.
photovisionstudios.com
Abbreviation for charge-coupled device, which is a semiconductor chip found in digital cameras that takes the place of film.
go-astronomy.com
Charge-Coupled Device. A solid-state detector used for low-light imaging.
fas.org
A Charged Coupled Device - converts light into electrical current. The digital camera equivalent of film.
photologic.ie
Charge Coupled Device. The detector that most observatories, including Spacewatch, use to image the sky.
fmo.lpl.arizona.edu
a silicon chip used to detect light; CCDs are far more efficient at collecting light than conventional film.
zimmer.csufresno.edu
Charge Coupled Device - Commonly used in camcorders, it is an integrated micro-electrical light sensing device built into image capturing system.
hdtvinfo.co.uk
Charge-coupled device--a chip that converts light into electrical signals, analogous to the eye's retina.
A digital camera's image sensing element. The CCD's job is to convert light to electrical energy, which can then be stored in digital form in the camera's memory. A CCD's photo-capturing power is measured in pixels. Sometimes, you may see two slightly different pixel counts listed for the same camera's CCD. These numbers represent effective pixel count and actual pixel count. For an explanation of the difference, see our Digital Cameras FAQ.
comparedigitalcameras.org
One of two major technologies for converting light into an electric signal. CCD chips are separated from the devices that convert its electrical signal into NTSC/PAL signals. This reduces some of the interference from other electronics. CCD's are a little more expensive but generally give a better image then their CMOS counterparts.
liquidcctv.com
digital camera records an image on a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) - a chip containing a grid-like field of extremely small, light-sensitive cells (photodiodes), each of which emits an electrical signal in proportion to the intensity of the light striking it. ( Note: A digital camera may employ CMOS instead of a CCD.)
photographytips.com
Charge Coupled Device; the sensor inside the digital camera that actually captures the picture.
dptutorial.com
An abbreviation for Charge-Coupled Device, a sensor that separates the colors of the scene into red, green and blue, allowing the camera to process it. After the CCD captures the black-and-white image, this is passed through red, green and blue filters to produce color images.
i4u.shopping.com
CCD stands for charge-coupled device; it is a type of digital camera containing an array of extremely light-sensitive capacitors. When a photon (a particle of light) hits a capacitor, the photon dispaces some electrons, generating a small current - charging the capacitor. A CCD can detect light coming in at rates as low as one photon per minute. In CCD astronomy, this light-sensitive integrated circuit is hooked up to a telescope, detecting even extremely faint images that were impossible to detect before. All optical observatories (including the orbiting Hubble Space Telescope) use this type of device. George Elwood Smith and Willard S. Boyle (both of Bell Labs) invented the charge-coupled device in 1969. In 1970, they used their CCD to built the first solid-state video camera.
zoomstore.com
Charge Coupled Device. The chip that detects photons of light inside a CCD camera and converts them into an electrical signal. This signal is processed so it may be viewed or recorded. Best image quality.
spycorder.com
An abbreviation for Charged Coupled Device. This solid state device is used to transfer light images into electronic information which in a camera is used to reproduce the image into a video signal.
armguard.com
Charge coupled device. A light-sensitive chip or image sensor used in scanners and digital cameras that converts light into proportional (analog) electrical currents. The AD converter converts analogue signals into pixel values.
qualcom.com
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ngy.3web.ne.jp
A CCD. chip that is the pick up devise on a camera, performing a similar function as a camera tube.
camerasuperstore.com
A charge-coupled device (CCD) is electronic memory that can be charged by light and can hold a variable charge.
cw.netglearning.com
Type semiconductor device is often referred to as the "eye of electronics," and functions to convert optical signals (light) into electrical signals. It is used not only in digital still cameras and camcorders, but also in the camera mobile phones becoming so popular in recent years.
nikon.co.jp
Charge Coupled Device. One of the two main types of image sensing device used in cameras. It operates bu converting the light energy into electrical charges.
asdc.co.uk
Charge Coupled Device. A CCD is a semiconductor device which converts light (including X-rays) into electrical charges. The charges are then read out using a complex arrangement of electrodes, which also divides the CCD into many small, discrete areas (we call these "pixels" - or picture elements).
suzaku-epo.gsfc.nasa.gov
(Coupled Cluster, Doubles only.) Complete to infinite order for doubles excitations.
ccl.net
Charge Coupled Device: one of the two main types of computer chips used to capture digital camera images.
fujifilm.com
Acronym for Charged Couple Device. An electronic scanning device used in imaging systems.
bjball.co.nz
A light-sensitive electronic chip used for image gathering. The CCD is a monochrome device requiring a color filter to produce a color image. CCDs are analog sensors with digitizing taking place when the electrons, as a group, are passed through the A to D converter (See A/D).
envisionyourworld.com
Short for charged coupled device; a mechanism that converts light into a proportional (analog) electrical current; the two main types of CCD are linear arrays, used in flatbed scanners and digital copiers, and area arrays, found in camcorders, digital cameras, and the like.
asia.cnet.com
Charge Coupled Device - a light sensitive chip used to record the image. It contains thousands or millions of photo sites that can be compared to tiny solar cells.
cheap-digitals.com
Charged Coupled Device] A light sensitive chip used for image gathering. In their normal condition these are greyscale devices. To create color a color pattern is laid down on the sensor pixels, using RGBG color mask. (Red, Green, Blue, and Green) The extra Green is used to create contrast in the image. The CCD Pixels gather the color from the light and pass it to the shift register for storage.
jbm.ca
Charge Coupled Device. A semiconductor light detector which converts light to electrical impulses. Such detectors are used by a number of the instruments on SOHO, including EIT, LASCO, and MDI.
Charge-coupled device; the chip onboard a DV camera that converts the brightness and colour information from the lens into digital data.
Charged Coupled Device. The light sensitive "Chip" used as the imaging device in modern CCTV cameras. Replaced the old tubes.
visionfactorycctv.co.uk
Charged Coupled Device. A sensor that collects light and turns it into an electrical signal. As compared to CMOS sensors, it has greater sensitivity to light, better tonal range, and less noise which provides superior quality. CCD will hold onto the high-end CCTV market for some time to come.
dvrsupply.com
(charge-coupled device) - A semiconductor chip used as a highly efficient light sensor in video cameras.
bext.com
(Charge Coupled Device): An electronic device that captures light waves and converts them into electrical signals. A CCD is the heart of any digital camera.
kameraklub.co.za
Charge Coupled Device. The imaging device used in some color cameras instead of a camera pickup tube.
plasma-hdtv-television-store.com
Charge coupled device - Image sensor which is a large scale integrated circuit containing hundreds of thousands of photo-sites (pixels) which convert light energy to electronic signals.
cctv.com.au
Charged-Coupled Device. The sensor array that makes up the imaging surface of the digicam. The more sensors a CCD has, the higher the resolution will be.
digideep.com
Charge-Coupled Device, cameras that are CCD will give sharper, better defined pictures. All professional level cameras are CCD.
wireless-security-camera-guide.com
Charge-coupled device: An electronic detector used for low-light-level imaging and astronomical observations. CCDs have now replaced photographic emulsions for sensing visible light in most space science applications.
newton.nap.edu
A CCD is an integral part of a digital camera. It's actually a tiny light-sensitive computer chip that gathers image information using electrical charges and converts it, with the A/D converter, to digital format.
The CCD is the image sensor part of the camcorder that captures light from the lens, striking its millions of particles (pixels), which it charges with electrons. These charged electrons are then converted by the A/D (analog-to-digital) converter to digital data that can be stored.
A sensor used in digital input devices (scanners, cameras, measurement instruments) to record images. These consist of an integrated circuit containing an array of linked capacitors under the control of and external circuit.
adiyakima.com
Charge Coupled Device. A semiconductor device capable of both photodetection and memory, which converts light to electronic impulses. One- and two-dimensional CCD arrays are used in scanners to perform the first stage in converting an image into digital data. They are particularly attractive because they can step the signals from each detector across the array in response to a clock signal, permitting each scan line to be read through a single electrical connection.
users.info.unicaen.fr
Chip that collects the video portion of the scene and converts it to electrical signals that can be recorded on videotape. Current digital video camcorders use at least 1 CCD.
sony-digital-camcorders.com
A chip that picks up the image and converts it to an electrical signal.
blackbox.com
Charge-Coupled Device; the most common form of photosensitive cells used to convert incoming light into electrical signals in digital cameras.
photosbyrichard.ca
Charge Coupled Device A digital camera's image sensing element which converts light to electrical energy, storing it in digital form in the camera's memory. CCD size is measured in pixels. Sometimes, you may see two slightly different pixel counts listed for the same camera's CCD. These numbers represent 'effective' pixel count and actual pixel count.
ackadia.com
Charge coupled device. In digital copiers. The unit that optically scans the reflected image of the original document and converts it to digital signals for the microprocessor.
northtexascopier.com
Stands for "charge-coupled device". First invented in the 1970s, this technology uses a shift register combined with photodiodes to create the modern day imaging device. Used in cameras, scanners, fax machines, etc. The size of the CCD chip is normally 1/4", 1/3" or 1/2". As a rule of thumb, the larger the size, the higher the quality of the image produced and the higher the price. However some of the higher density 1/4" and 1/3" CCD chips can now produce as good an image as many of the 1/3" or 1/2" chips.
discount-security-cameras.net
Charge Coupled Device. A video image sensor chip.
clearview-cctv.co.uk
Charge coupled device. In this device charge is stored on a capacitor which are etched onto a chip. A number of samples can be simultaneously stored. Used in MAC transmissions for temporarily storing video signals.
smarthomeusa.com
Charged Coupled Device. Device which detects incoming photons by storing charge produced by the interaction of the photon and detector material, then transferring that charge sequentially to an amplifier and detector.
swift.sonoma.edu
Stands for charged coupled device. This is a solid-state semiconductor element which uses hundreds of thousands of tiny pixel elements to accept light and translate that information into a vivid, visible picture image. A CCD is one type of camera image sensor. CCDs produce MUCH higher resolution, lower light sensitivity, and better overall video quality than CMOS imagers (also commonly found in CCTV industry cameras).
automatedsurveillance.com
Charge Coupled Device, a solid-state light sensitive device, used in digital cameras.
csc.uvic.ca
harged oupled evice. A photo-sensitive chip used in video cameras and scanners. One chip can record all three colors or black and white.
A Charge-Coupled Device is the same kind of light gathering device used in flat-bed scanners, digital cameras, and even video camcorders to convert the light passing through the lens into an electronic equivalent of the original image. These images become digitized by the CCD device.
shutterbug.com
(Charge Coupled Device) The component of a scanner or digital camera which actually takes the pictures. The quality of image it is capable of is usually measured in Megapixels - the higher the number, the more detailed the image. CD Burner A CD drive that can create ("burn") CDs.
jonstorm.com
Charged Coupled Device, a semiconductor device used to capture images, as in a digital camera.
nationalstep.org
A Charge Coupled Device [chip] converts light into an electrical charge. One type of digital camera sensor.
digicaminfo.btinternet.co.uk
(charge-coupled device): The tiny "chip" that is a digital point-and-shoot's equivalent to film. The CCD uses rows of microscopic sensors to measure and record light energy, which is then stored digitally.
See Charge-coupled device.
A charge coupled device, an electronic detector of electromagnetic radiation, made of silicon chips that respond to incoming radiation by producing an electric current, and which can detect electromagnetic radiation with great sensitivity.
howard.k12.md.us
A small rectangular piece of silicon used on a digital camera (rather than film) to receive incoming light. Essentially the CCD is used in digital cameras to capture an image.
digital-images.co.nz
The part of your camcorder that reads light and captures video and still images as thousands of tiny pixels. Higher pixel count means greater resolution — that is, a better picture. Keep in mind that the actual pixel count is often greater than the effective pixel count — the number of pixels used to capture the image.
crutchfield.com
CCD stands for Charge Coupled Device and is the light-sensitive chip that digital cameras use instead of film. A CCD has a grid of tiny cells. Each cell makes a single pixel and these pixels make up the digital image. The number of pixels a CCD sensor can record is described in megapixels or millions of pixels eg a 3.34 megapixel camera.
The device in a digital camera or scanner that converts light into proportional (analog) electrical current. .
es.acdsee.com
Charge-Coupled Devices. A type of digital camera technology in which the image is focused on an array of sensing pixels. The small size of the array itself - approximately microchip size - and the high resolution _ around 1,000 to 1,018 pixels - of these cameras have greatly enhanced "image acquisition" capabilities and opened up exciting new applications in manufacturing quality control and in medicine.
wrightcolor.com
Charge-coupled device. A light-sensitive silicon chip often used as a photodetector in digital camera systems. CCDs are manufactured in a wide variety of formats, architectures, and grades. See CCD readout.
piacton.com
Charged-Couple Device used in some video cameras instead of an image pickup tube. Light-sensitive microprocessor that converts an image into an electrical flow. CCDs are not prone to image smear or lag and make light weight cameras possible.
polarisusa.com
Charge Coupled Device (CCD). The Digital camera's 'film'; a CCD converts light into a digital photograph of pixels. When a picture is taken the CCD is struck by light coming through the camera's lens; each of the millions of tiny pixels that make up the sensor converts this light into electrons. (See CMOS & Pixel)
peterashbyhayter.co.uk
Charge Coupled Device. A very sensitive electronic device used in astrophotography. For further details see the article in Aries on line.
astrodictionary.chevinside.com
(Vision Sensing) Abbreviation for Charge Coupled Device. An analog device that captures light for conversion to electricity. Capable of recording the varying shades of light. Analog to Digital converters are used to convert the variable charge of the CCD into a digital signal.
baneng.com
Charge Coupled Diode. CCD readers use an array of hundreds of tiny light sensors lined up in a row in the head of the reader. Each sensor measures the intensity of the light immediately in front of it. A voltage pattern identical to the pattern in a bar code is generated in the reader by sequentially measuring the voltages across each sensor in the row. The important difference between a CCD reader and a pen or laser scanner is that the CCD reader is measuring emitted ambient light from the bar code whereas pen or laser scanners are measuring reflected light of a specific frequency originating from the scanner itself.
polylabel.com
Charged Coupled Device. A semiconductor device that can produce an electrical output analogous to the amount of light striking each of its elements. CCD sensors are used in both motion video and still video cameras.
sony.com.au
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Keywords: disbursement, debit, sec, concentrate, consolidate
Related Terms: Demand deposit account, Dda, Checking account, Bank account, Cleared funds, Nominated account, Nsf, Account, Overdraft protection, Debit, Uncollected funds, Passbook, Echeck, E-check, Sweep account, Demand deposit, Overdrawn, Credit, Deposit account, Debit memo, Cashier's check, Control account, Available balance, Savings account, Share draft account, Transaction, Overdraft, Sales ledger, Daylight overdraft, Double-entry bookkeeping, Direct deposit, Demand deposits, Account, Nominal ledger, Non-sufficient funds, Bank statement, Passbook savings account, Negotiable order of withdrawal account, Credit account, General ledger, Asset management account, Posting, Cash book, Deposit, Nsf check, Double-entry accounting, Clearing account, Stop payment, Ledger , Current account
Cash Concentration or Disbursement, a credit or debit entry initiated by an organization to fund another account.
xign.com
Cash Concentration and Disbursement, an ACH transaction format used by organizations wanting to consolidate funds from disparate accounts into one central account.
takomagroup.com
An SEC code (see SEC Codes for a definition) that indicates a credit to or a debit from a corporate (business) account.
efirstbank.com
Corporate Concentration or Disbursement (SEC Code) is used when debiting a remote business account to concentrate funds in a corporate account, or crediting funds to a vendor, supplier, service provider, or other account as payment for products or services received.
itinternet.net
Cash Concentration and Disbursement "Plus"
dlsworldwide.com
A credit or debit entry, initiated by a merchant, to consolidate funds of that organization, from its branches, franchises or agents, or from other organizations; or to fund the accounts of its branches, franchises or agents, or of another organization.
paymentech.com
See the entry for "Cash Concentration or Disbursement (CCD)
securenet.com
View 4 more results
Keywords: citizens, consortium, copoh, advocacy, disabilities
Coalition for Citizens with Disabilities. A group of advocacy and provider organizations which promote public policies on behalf of citizens with various disabilities.
thearclink.org
Council of Canadians with Disabilities (formerly COPOH)
cirrie.buffalo.edu
Consortium of Citizens with Disabilities
mecklenburgamha.org
Consortium for Citizens with Disabilities
crinet.org
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Keywords: comunitarios, digitales, centros
Centros Comunitarios Digitales
concyt.gob.gt
Keywords: cdg, cdma
CDG CDMA
cellsea.com
Keywords: ooze, antarctica, calcareous, colder, dissolution
The "carbonate compensation depth" below which calcite (and other carbonates) dissolves, so calcareous ooze does not form on sea floors. Dissolution is due to the combination of high pressure (at depth) and low temperatures. Today, it is at about 4000m in the Atlantic, and only 500m in the colder Antarctica water.
bbm.me.uk
Keywords: coursware, collaborative, development
Collaborative Coursware Development
directory.google.com
Keywords: ringtones, cipher, text, custom
Cipher Text Custom Ringtones
2dayblog.com
Keywords: census, australian, dwellings, smallest, geographical
Census Collection District. The Census Collection District is the smallest geographic area defined in the Australian Standard Geographical Classification. There is an average of 225 dwellings in each CCD.
townsville.qld.gov.au
Keywords: damping, continuously, controlled
Continuously Controlled Damping
uk.cars.yahoo.com
Keywords: cattle, document, control
Cattle Control Document
defra.gov.uk
Keywords: armored, combat, french, division, command
Combat Command D, in French armored division
Keywords: combustion, chamber, deposits
combustion chamber deposits
lubrizol.com
Keywords: dictionary, chemical, combined
Combined Chemical Dictionary
Keywords: core, common, data
Common Core of Data
Keywords: completion, date, contract
Contract Completion Date
tricare.osd.mil
Keywords: decision, configuration, control
Configuration Control Decision
fast.faa.gov
Keywords: clear, channel, data
Clear Channel Data


Sydney, Australia- 02 August 2017 – Primary Communication today announced it has joined Code Red, the first international PR network specialising in IT security technology.
Serving global security technology companies needing best-in-country services, Primary Communication is the only Australian public relations and marcomms firm to be accepted as a member of the Code Red Security Network.
The Code Red security network already has 18 specialist agencies working to provide cohesive, integrated campaigns to improve the knowledge and reputation of global security firms.
"We're proud to welcome Primary Communication as the Australian and New Zealand partner, and as part of our overall strategy to offer global security communications support and opportunities for our clients in the security industry," commented Code Red founder Dianne Canham.
Elaine Banoub, Account Director, Primary Communication said the Australian team is thrilled to be joining the Code Red Security Network. "IT security is a massive issue from the boardroom to the shopfront of every company and government group in Australia and New Zealand. Our technology clients do much more than provide systems, they are also contributing to the public dialogue.
The partnership with benefit from Primary Communication's strong presence in ANZ along with Code Red's existing international footprint of co-branded partners and affiliates across the globe.
Primary was proud to continue its support of the Hunter Institute of Mental Health with the launch of the Start Well – research report looking into the health and wellbeing of early career teachers.
Over 450 early career teachers in NSW provided insight into their experiences as a teacher, the challenges they face and the support mechanisms that help them thrive in their career as a teacher.
Hunter's research provided a number of recommendations to invest further into mentoring and support for early career teachers.
Jenny Muir, Primary's Chief Counsel said Primary has decades of experience in communication and advocacy in the education and mental health. The Start Well report is a key contribution to advancing both sectors understanding of the support required by early in career teachers.
Keep Looking When Cooking This Winter!
Almost half of the house fires in Australia start in the kitchen as a result of unattended cooking.
Primary Communication is a proud supporter of the Keep Looking When Cooking campaign – our account team will play a crucial role in promoting this important initiative to families and community groups throughout the state. With winter now in full swing, there's never been a better time to be aware of other potential house fire risks – during the cooler months, there's also a 10% increase in fires starting in bedrooms/lounge rooms around NSW.
The Keep Looking When Cooking mini mag also has handy tips on how to stay fire safe. Fires can spread in minutes, but it only takes seconds to stop them!
• NEVER leave cooking unattended. If you leave the kitchen, turn off the stove or use a timer to remind you to check your cooking.
• DON'T put anything metallic in the microwave as metal can spark and cause it to catch on fire.
• KEEP matches and lighters out of reach of children as they are unaware of the dangers.
• STORE flammable items (aerosols, cleaning agents and cooking oil etc.) away from heat as they can explode.
• DON'T cook under the influence of alcohol or drugs as it impairs your judgement.
• KEEP loose clothing, fabrics, tea towels and curtains away from the stove as they can catch on fire.
• TURN pot handles inwards to avoid being knocked or grabbed by children.
• KEEP your oven and range hood clean. Excess grease and fat can ignite in a fire.
• DON'T use LPG cylinders for cooking or heating indoors.
• GET OUT, STAY OUT AND CALL TRIPLE ZERO '000'.


It's a hell of an assignment: Five months on a New Mexico desert compound to cover what could be the next Jonestown. For one reporter, it could be a career-maker. But when a cult member close to him drowns herself, he flees, setting unimaginable events into motion.
What Smiled at Him is a contemporary, Chandler-esque mystery in which two childhood friends find every clue they need to solve a grisly double murder. But will they?
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text:
CustomLinks_10
Candidate Forms
En Español | Tiếng Việt
Application - The loyalty oath is included on this form and must be notarized.
January 18, 2023 is the first day to file an application for a place on the ballot for the May 6, 2023 Election.
Applications must be filed in the Town Secretary's office no later than 5:00 p.m. on February 17, 2023.
Please note that the application has a section for your email address. Your email is optional, but remember that candidate applications are made available to the public and will be uploaded to the City's website.
Appointment of Campaign Treasurer (Form CTA) and the Instruction Guide. The CTA Form is to be filed with the Town Secretary's Office. Please note that in accordance with Texas Law, you must designate a Campaign Treasurer before any funds can be expended or campaign contributions accepted (this includes your filing fee). You may name yourself as Treasurer.
There is an option for modified reporting on the back of the form. Candidates who do not intend to accept more than $940 in political contributions or expend more than $940 in political expenditures may elect to report under the modified reporting schedule.
Candidates reporting under the modified schedule are not required to file pre-election reports (due 30 days and eight days before an election) or runoff reports.
The selection of modified reporting still requires you to file semiannual reports (July 15 and January 15). If you select modified reporting, you need to file a Candidate/Officeholder Campaign Finance Report – Designation of Final Report to be relieved of reporting obligations after the election.
Amendment: Appointment of Campaign Treasurer by Candidate (Form ACTA) and the Instruction Guide. Use this form to change information previously reported on Form CTA and to renew your choice to report under the modified schedule.
Code of Fair Campaign Practices and Chapter 258, Election Code, Fair Campaign Practices Act from the Texas Ethics Commission. Your subscription to this Code is voluntary. If you elect to subscribe to the Code form, it should be filed with the Town Secretary's Office. Please note that a candidate that has filed a copy of this form may indicate such on political advertising in a form determined by the Ethics Commission. Additional resources prepared by the Texas Ethics Commission that you might find helpful include the following:
Campaign Finance Guide for Candidates and Officeholders who file with local filing authorities;
First Step for Candidates Running for a City Office;
Guide to a Local Filing Authority's Duties under the Campaign Finance Law;
Political Advertising What You Need to Know;
Political Fundraisers What You Need to Know; and
2023 Filing Dates
Candidate/Officeholder Campaign Finance Report-Form C/OH and the Instruction Guide. This report shall be filed in the Town Secretary's office on the dates specified on the list of important dates. The instruction guide explains how to complete the campaign finance report and the deadlines for filing pre-election reports. If you still have questions after reviewing the guide, please get in touch with the Texas Ethics Commission, as they are responsible for interpreting Campaign Finance Law (Title 15) at 512.463.5800 or visiting their website (www.ethics.state.tx.us).
A candidate may file a modified reporting statement declaration if he/she does not plan to expend or receive more than $940.00. This form is page two of a candidate's appointment of a campaign treasurer. The declaration shall be filed no later than the 30th day before the election. A candidate filing the declaration is not required to file pre-election reports unless the candidate exceeds $940.00.
Correction/Amendment Affidavit for Candidate/Officeholder-Form COR-C/OH. This form shall be completed when a candidate submits a corrected candidate/officeholder campaign finance report. (See instructions on the back of the form.)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Description: Advanced Solar Technologies is a San Diego leader in Solar Window Film solutions for residential and commercial buildings. We specialize in Nano-Ceramic Window Film! Ask us about additional rebates our Window Tinting may make you eligible for!


supports and fosters the development of its field.
body, an issue to which we return below.
and indeed, than many science and engineering disciplines.
support for postgraduate work in communications.
course and 49 studentships for research degrees.
growing numbers at undergraduate level.
media (the large majority in the latter category).
very few of such awards are in our subject areas.
apparent success rates in each of these areas.
of Visual Arts and Media; these two are now integrated.
discussion with the senior officers of the Board.
with which we are primarily concerned.
within the domain of the arts and humanities".
applications from both Board and Council is required.
are successful in obtaining employment outside academia.
suppress the funding and support available to them.
an exercise would be possible.
though this may not be the ideal long term solution).
and submission of research proposals to funding bodies.
a need for further coherence than currently exists.
of research in these fields by both bodies.


Approximately three years ago I had a very brief relationship with a girl who I didn't realise was suffering with depression, taking medication and going for counselling. she had been off work for months and I had no idea until nearer the end of our relationship, she had a two year old daughter to a man that didn't see his daughter which I thought strange but she proceeded to tell me she had taken him to court, to get him to pay maintenance for her daughter.
she had mood swings all the time and acted erratically at times even asking her daughter to call me daddy after two weeks!! She claimed to be using contraception but I used condoms 99% of the time, after lots of mood swings and more strange behaviour I decided it wasn't right for me and told her the relationship was over.
I'd heard horror stories of big arrears people accrue from the csa so I thought I'd better start paying, after two years of trying to make contact I decided to cut off the money, because they wouldn't listen to me, they recently the csa took out an order and hit me with £400 from my wages, I phoned them and said I was never married to her, not on the birth certificate, not named in court as the father or had DNA prove I was the father, I also said trying to pay a mortgage and bills to keep a roof over my kids heads was near enough impossible without this and asked why her income is not looked at? But mine is?
Garry Nufc Petts liked this on Facebook.
Go directly to your M.P. and tell them your version of events. It cannot be right in law that you may be paying for a child that you have no financial responsibility for.
If, however your DNA is a match, then it's a different ball game.
Get everything in writing as evidence from the CSA. Do NOT speak to them on the phone, they are liars as well as thieves.


Power Signal Box Essen is now available!
Essen is a large panel and in real life is operated by two people, with the dark-grey area being operated by one, and the lighter grey operated by a second person.
12 timetable stops are included.
Is a complete 1:1 simulation of the original panel of the type Sp Dr S 60 including all the buttons!


text:
Today the Volvo Group presents an efficient hybrid solution for heavy vehicles, which offers fuel savings of up to 35 percent
Volvo Group premieres hybrid technology for heavy vehicles
Today the Volvo Group presents an efficient hybrid solution for heavy vehicles, which offers fuel savings of up to 35 percent.
"We envisage opportunities to accelerate developments in commercially viable hybrids for heavy vehicles. This can be significant for both our customers and for the environment," says President and CEO of Volvo, Leif Johansson.
The Volvo Group's hybrid concept provides maximum fuel-saving effects on routes with frequent braking and accelerations, for example, city bus traffic, city distribution , refuse collection and construction work. Calculations indicate that fuel savings can amount to 35 percent. Maintenance costs for vehicles can also be significantly reduced through reduced wear on the breaking system.
"There is a growing interest in the market to reduce fuel consumption. This is driven by the uncertainty surrounding the physical and political availability of oil, and perhaps primarily, by climate change issues. Accordingly, many customers are seriously reviewing how they can contribute to reduce the dependency on oil. We now have a technology that is interesting from a commercial viewpoint, which opens for a hybrid market for heavy vehicles," says Leif Johansson.
A vital part of the hybrid solution is designated I-SAM. It comprises a combined start motor, drive engine and generator. I-SAM works together with, an automatic, converted mechanical transmission, which was developed within the Volvo Group, an electronic control unit as well as conventional diesel engine and batteries that are charged by braking energy.
Through linking the electric motor and diesel engine in parallel, they can work together to operate the vehicle. In this manner, the capacity of the hybrid is substantially increased compared with series hybrids, which are the standard solution currently being tested in heavy vehicles. I-SAM provides sufficient power resources to start and accelerate even heavy vehicles to an appropriate speed without assistance from diesel engine. This also significantly reduces the noise level of the vehicle. It is mainly due to the Volvo Group's experience and competence within development of diesel engines, electronics, electronic controls and transmissions that have enabled the production of an efficient hybrid for heavy vehicles.
"As a result of the electric motor's capacity, the diesel engine can be turned off automatically when the bus halts at the bus stop or red light," says Volvo Bus's Environmental Manager Peter Danielsson. "Auxiliary functions such as air-, servo pumps and AC compressors are powered electrically in our hybrid bus instead of by the diesel engine."
In addition, due to the effective link between the electric motor and the engine, the vehicle can be equipped with a smaller diesel engine and still retain the required performance. This provides the customer a cost-efficient solution that reduces emissions.
The Volvo Bus hybrid features a 4-cylinder, 5-liter Volvo engine rated at 210 hp. The engine is installed in the far-left rear corner, precisely the same as other Volvo 7700 models.
New type of battery
The Volvo Group is also participating in the development of a new type of battery, Effpower, which is based on proven lead-acid technology used in start batteries in today's vehicles. Through this new technology, the power output has been doubled, while at the same time manufacturing costs for the batteries can be significantly reduced compared with alternatives on the market. With Effpower, the cost efficiency in electrical hybrids can be further enhanced.
"The hybrid is a long-term and highly interesting solution for efficient and environmentally-adapted transport activities. We are aware that oil prices for our customers will rise, and therefore, all solutions that reduce fuel consumption are highly attractive. The diesel engine in our hybrid solution can also be operated using biofuels, and consequently, transport activities can be conducted without carbon dioxide emissions. This paves the way for interesting developments toward long-term sustainable transport solutions," says Leif Johansson
Volvo Bus's new hybrid bus will now be used in a lengthy series of tests. The company assesses that hybrid buses from Volvo will be available on the market within some years.
For further information, please contact Peter Danielsson, Environmental Manager, +46 31 322 42 46, or Christina Fjellman, communication manager, +46 31 322 42 80.
FactsaboutI-SAM.doc(DOC, 33 KB)
FactsaboutEffpower.doc(DOC, 0.1 MB)
Press_release_Volvo_Hybridbus.doc(DOC, 0.1 MB)


text:
Q: The target process exited without raising a CoreCLR started event. Ensure that the target process is configured to use .NET Core My microservice doesn't run in Docker, even when the dependencies are present in specified folder 'lib/netstandard2.0/Ben.Demystifier.dll' Kindly suggest.
Error:

An assembly specified in the application dependencies manifest
  (Service.deps.json) was not found:
      package: 'Ben.Demystifier', version: '0.1.4'
      path: 'lib/netstandard2.0/Ben.Demystifier.dll' The target process exited without raising a CoreCLR started event. Ensure that the target
  process is configured to use .NET Core. This may be expected if the
  target process did not run on .NET Core. The program 'dotnet' has
  exited with code 140 (0x8c).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
You are at:Home»Events»Reaktor turns four
Reaktor turns four
By Emilia Wedziuk on August 6, 2015 Events, In Poland
The Warsaw-based hotbed for Polish startups is throwing a birthday party
Maryna Vakulchyk
On August the 8th, all startup world is gathering for a celebration at Reaktor – an old-fashioned Żoliborz-based villa, where startups and freelance developers regularly work, collaborate and network. They have a good reason for that – Reaktor has just turned 4.
At the moment, the villa is home for seven companies but if you count all of them over the last four years, the amount gets close to 60. What brings them here? The originators explain it's all about the unique atmosphere, a good environment to talk to others about your ideas; here people will listen to you and will be interested in what you to say.
"If you really feel there is something you want to do and nobody is doing it, it's a great idea just to start doing this. This is how many projects was created" says Reaktor co-founder Borys Musielak "The success is we created such a community which brings value to all people who come here."
"There wasn't a nice place to work, people were spread across the city. Let's organize something we are going to like."
It all started with three people. The idea of the name came from Adam Zygadlewicz, the guy from Poznan, who wanted to create such a project in his city. It was supposed to be "A House of Creativity" in the first place. Later however, in 2011, Borys Musielak and Kuba Filipowski (the early co-founders) met at one of Open Coffee meetings and come out with an idea of creating a place for startups, networking, and work. It started with quick decisions like "Just do it": let's move in, find other startups, etc. From the very beginning, the idea was not just to make a place for people to work, but also the place where people could meet."
They didn't have any funding, not even startups to fill the rooms. No sponsors. Nobody wanted invest money in this "fresh idea". Nowadays, there is no such a place in Poland like Reaktor. Of course, there are coworking spaces, but there is nothing similar to Reaktor."Maybe we didn't expect it to grow so big." Borys points out with a smile.
What brings people in at Reaktor?
"People like being here. They would never come here if they didn't.
Isn't it weird that startup companies have decided to gather together to work at one place, everyone on a different project? There are a lot of companies that started in Reaktor, then moved out. But they saved the connection with their Alma Mater.
Speaking of "elder children", there are companies that have spent several years there. In spite of their growth, they don't want to leave Reaktor. There has to be a reason, right?
"There are a lot of new initiatives which grew out of Reaktor. We call it Reaktor Mafia".
The people at Reaktor convinced others to be more open, they convinced them that it's more beneficial than keeping ideas to yourself. Nobody is going to steal them from you. "The risk is very small," Borys says. "Some people are afraid that someone will copy their ideas. But the matter of fact is that nobody would copy your ideas if you don't have a business model that works and you are making lots of money."
Many people who don't even live in Warsaw or come from other countries, such as Spain or Israel, come to work to Reaktor as soon as they get to the capital of Poland.
The most remarkable guest and his impact
In 2012 Jerry Colonna, venture capitalist, professional coach in New York City and a person who played a great part in the development of Silicon Alley, visited Reaktor. He was one of the first startup investors in New York. He came to talk about failure and how to cope with it. He brought an air of inspiration and made people believe him that failure is your best beginning. "He asked how many of us had failed. Almost no one raised a hand. Then he said: 'I would never invest in you guys. If you never have failed, you don't know what the price is. The second chance is much more likely to succeed. Don't come to me, if you have never failed."
"Now people are more open about failure. Now it's normal, if you start a project and it doesn't work, to start from the very beginning," Borys says. "We understood that if a man achieved a lot and he is a couch now, you should probably listen to him."
Investors and Sponsors
"There are different reasons to be here, mostly the main benefit for companies is just to participate."
When startups came into fashion, different people started calling Reaktor to ask how could they work with startups. They know they should do it because they've constantly got their finger on the pulse and have long ago realized the importance of going with the flow.
A lot has changed since it all started. Compared with the first year after the founding of Reaktor, when they had only one sponsor, and there wasn't enough money even to organize a simple event, this place draws the attention of well-established companies.
There are different reasons for sponsors to invest their money. Some companies send some money to Reaktor because they want to support this project. Such companies don't have any expectations at all. It's more like a donation.
Other companies like Aviva, Nowa Era, and SAS, have their interests in Reaktor as a place where they can contact startups at a very early stage. There is an enormous benefit in working with it. Reaktor has hundreds of startups during the year; a huge number comes through it. It's not only companies that work at it. Open events, meeting, parties, open office hours – all offer excellent opportunities to meet the right projects and partner with a startup.
A good example of an interested investor is T-Mobile and Funding Box, which is looking for great startups to invest in. Also Akademia Koźminskego, which has seen that Reaktor provides great value in its speakers and creates videos of each talk in English. Akademia had eyes for these videos to use it in their courses. Now it is a partner because it is a part of the process. This year Reaktor has eight sponsors and some additional partner sponsors of events.
"If I knew I was going to put my money in this place for about three years I would never do it," Borys says, laughing. "Now sponsors find me. I just post on facebook that I need 1.5K, and someone just sends me money. They issue is that if you have access to all of the startup companies in your industry, you can be the first one to talk with them. You don't want some other companies from your industry to talk with the startups."
Photos by Tymek
Emilia Wedziuk
Emilia is an experienced editor, gifted wordsmith, a professional translator, but first of all, an avid reader.
Borys Musielak Funding Box Jerry Colonna Kuba Filipowski Nowa Era Reaktor SAS T-Mobile
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text:
Q: issue appears only in generated app.exe and dont appear in the sources' execution | PowerBuilder I have an issue when i execute my app.exe, there is an error which is revealed only in the ".exe", if i try todo the same thing when i use the sources, there is no problem, i think the problem is when there is a call of the update method from a datastore, it return -1 with generated .exe and 0 when i execute sources.
i have tried to refresh any library from my app, before building, but the issue remains, for information the app is using a DB2 DATABASE, and it is built and run in a windows7 environment.

A: The likely cause is that when you built the exe, the DataWindow object assigned to the DataStore wasn't included. You need to use a .pbr file in the Project object. Look in the help file under 'deploying your application'.

A: I have encountered this problem as well when I deployed strictly to a *.exe file. The problem went away when I deployed to a *.exe with a *.pbd. This is established on the "libraries" tab of your project by checking the pbd checkbox.
An 'exe' only deployment can't handle hard coded 'literal strings' in your code. Creating and deploying 'pbd' library will allow 'literal strings'.


Private treatments such as veneers, tooth whitening, crowns, orthodontics and dental implants can be expensive and at the moment they may not be everyone's first priority.
We have dental plans available for those in Glasgow who want to have that perfect smile but who cannot afford to pay the full treatment cost at the one time. Our team at 1Smile have found our dental plans to be a great success over the years and many of our patients frequently speak highly of how useful our dental plans are, this has meant that we have continued to offer this service ever since.
Patients in Glasgow are able to borrow anything between £300-£50,000 however we decide whether or not you are accepted for the finance. You can expect to have the answer soon after you fill out our on site credit application, this application is fairly simple to fill out and our team are able to help to make sure that you full understand all of the information in the application.
The cost of your plan per month is dependent on how many months that you choose to pay off your treatment and the cost of the treatment itself, the team at 1Smile are able to discuss this with you should you wish for us to do so.
To find out more about the dental plans that we can provide to patients in Glasgow all you need to do is make an appointment with us.


text:
Q: A cycle is detected in the object graph using JAXB How to overcome this error please?
@XmlRootElement(name="schema")
@Entity
public class SchemaBase implements Serializable{

/**
 *
 */
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
private int id_schema;
private String name_schema;
private String description_schema;
private String measuresCaption_schema;
private String defaultRole_schema;

@OneToMany (mappedBy="schema",cascade={CascadeType.MERGE,CascadeType.PERSIST})
private List<CubeBase> cubes;

 @XmlElementWrapper(name = "cube")
   @XmlElement(name = "cube")
public List<CubeBase> getCubes() {
    return cubes;
}

public void setCubes(List<CubeBase> cubes) {
    this.cubes = cubes;
}

public int getId_schema() {
    return id_schema;
}
public void setId_schema(int id_schema) {
    this.id_schema = id_schema;
}
public String getName_schema() {
    return name_schema;
}
@XmlAttribute(name="name")
public void setName_schema(String name_schema) {
    this.name_schema = name_schema;
}
public String getDescription_schema() {
    return description_schema;
}
@XmlAttribute(name="description")
public void setDescription_schema(String description_schema) {
    this.description_schema = description_schema;
}
public String getMeasuresCaption_schema() {
    return measuresCaption_schema;
}
@XmlAttribute(name="measuresCaption")
public void setMeasuresCaption_schema(String measuresCaption_schema) {
    this.measuresCaption_schema = measuresCaption_schema;
}
public String getDefaultRole_schema() {
    return defaultRole_schema;
}
@XmlAttribute(name="defaultRole")
public void setDefaultRole_schema(String defaultRole_schema) {
    this.defaultRole_schema = defaultRole_schema;
}
public void addCubeToShema(List<CubeBase> cubes){
   for(CubeBase cubeBase:cubes)
       cubeBase.setSchema(this);
   this.cubes=cubes;
}

}

and the other class is like this:
@XmlRootElement(namespace ="esprit.olap.domain.SchemaBase")
@Entity
public class CubeBase implements Serializable{

/**
 * Private Attribute
 */
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
private int id_cube;
private String name_cube;
private String description_cube;
private String caption_cube;
private boolean visible;
private boolean cache;
private boolean enabled;

@ManyToOne
private SchemaBase schema;

public boolean isCache() {
    return cache;
}

public void setCache(boolean cache) {
    this.cache = cache;
}
public boolean isEnabled() {
    return enabled;
}

public void setEnabled(boolean enabled) {
    this.enabled = enabled;
}
public boolean isVisible() {
    return visible;
}

public void setVisible(boolean visible) {
    this.visible = visible;
}

public SchemaBase getSchema() {
    return schema;
}

public void setSchema(SchemaBase schema) {
    this.schema = schema;
}
public int getId_cube() {
    return id_cube;
}

public void setId_cube(int id_cube) {
    this.id_cube = id_cube;
}
public String getName_cube() {
    return name_cube;
}

public void setName_cube(String name_cube) {
    this.name_cube = name_cube;
}
public String getDescription_cube() {
    return description_cube;
}

public void setDescription_cube(String description_cube) {
    this.description_cube = description_cube;
}
public String getCaption_cube() {
    return caption_cube;
}

public void setCaption_cube(String caption_cube) {
    this.caption_cube = caption_cube;
}

}

A: This appears to be a duplicate of JAXB A cycle is detected in the object graph and JAXB Mapping cyclic references to XML
(Normal Java serialization has logic to handle that case. I'm surprised that JAXB doesn't; it isn't that hard to do. Then again, I'm surprised JAXB has become as popular as it is.)

A: Add annotation @XmlTransient before setting  Lists ,
In this exemple you have to add @XmlTransient before addCubeToShema method.


Is it possible for users to run Akelos in their ~/public_html directories using apache's userdir module? I've untarred the archive, but when i visit http://localhost/~mark/akelos_framework, I get an internal server error. If it is possible, do I need to configure something in Akelos or Apache to make it work?
It should be possible. Normally this sort of problems are caused by Apache's configuration.
Hmm, that didn't fix it.
It all runs fine if I untar to /var/www (so I run it from http://localhost/akelos_framework), but then I have hassles with file permissions that I'd rather avoid if possible.
Success! Removing the DirectoryIndex line and adding the RewriteBase line together solved the problem. Thanks very much!


"Dear Sir, I would like to offer congratulations to your roofing crew who have installed my roof. It was put on in very trying conditions in a totally professional manner. It is good to see a crew who co-operates so well. Please pass on my congratulations."
"I'd like to commend your team on a very professional job. Brendon was excellent and he must have a great team of guys doing the roof as the tidiness around the barges and general tidiness of the site after completion was impeccable. Rubbish was tidily set aside and collected the following day. Many thanks, I will recommend you guys to other people considering a replacement or new roof."
Thank you for the very professional work in replacing my rusting roof with a very smart, protective new one well before the winter rains.
I was impressed with the diligence and expertise of Shamrock Reroofing in the construction of safety scaffolding, removal of the decaying old roof and the completion of the new roof in a day. Everything was then moved off site in 24 working hours.
Your workers did not waste time and I am very impressed with the result. I would have no hesitation in recommending Shamrock Reroofing for quality roof replacement at a reasonable price.
" Many thanks for getting the reroof done before Xmas.
If you need a verbal reference - would be pleased to help out."


We're resolved an issue preventing new Youtube videos/channels from being added to GoGuardian Admin policies. The Youtube filtering modal in GoGuardian Admin is now fully functional. Thanks for your patience while we worked on a resolution. We apologize for any inconvenience caused by this issue.
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Motion is a highly configurable program that monitors video signals from many types of cameras. Set it up to monitor your INSTAR IP camera, create time lapse videos and more.
Shinobi is Open Source, written in Node.js, and real easy to use. It is the future of CCTV and NVR for developers and end-users alike.


text:
September 3 - 9, 2017: Issue 328
Avalon Soccer Club: Another Brilliant Season 2017: End of Year Presentations
Avalon Soccer Club: Another Brilliant Season - 2017 End of Year Presentations
Early Monday morning council workers were dismantling the goal posts on Careel Bay Soccer Fields, readying them to be stored away by Roland Luke until the next season.
The bigger Rugby League posts on Hitchcock Park have also come down, ready that field for use by Cricket players over the Spring and Summer.
On Saturday September 2nd the End of Season presentations were held at Avalon Pubic School – a day long event for a club that has 88 teams and 1143 registered players - although some of these are girls who are dual registered in two teams.
John Kowtan (JK), President of Avalon Soccer Club was beaming on Monday morning last - here's why:
" A magic weekend for the Avalon Soccer Club with 8 GRAND FINAL WINS from 8.
If you include last weekend we have won 9 GRAND FINALS from 11 starts. What a great effort from all!"
What a finale! WAL3 and WPL both record 3-1 wins over Beacon Hill and are crowned Champions!! The girls go 6/6 today and the Club make it 8/8 for the 2017 Manly Warringah Football Association Grand Final weekend!! What a day!
The best finish to an amazing season! W16/1 Avalon 3 Wakehurst 1. Goals to Sascha, Ruby, Macy. An undefeated season and the trophy to take home!
Fabulous start to Grand Final Sunday! An absolutely brilliant morning with the first 2 victories. W12/1A: 2-0 win against Beacon Hill
W13/2: 4-2 win against Beacon Hill! Great work girls!!
What a start to the weekend!! Our O35/4 triumphed 4-2 over Manly-Allambie and the 045/1 completed the double with a 1-0 win over the same opponent!! Great work!!
At yesterday's presentation JK cheered of each group with a -"Have a great Summer and we'll see you all next season."
Part of the end of year presentations included 5-year certificates to a number of players, indicating the growing popularity of football.
If you visit the clubhouse at Careel Bay you will see a proud display of player shirts on the wall, the first being one that was handmade by a loving mum in the 1970's when all their shirts were made this way - underlining this really is a family orientated and based club.
Avalon Soccer Club 1974 Shirt and pennant
JK, Life Member Roland Luke and the girls who helped out with the U10's and U11's
Today the girls planning to go to Vanuatu are holding a fundraiser down at Bilgola - get down if you can - with warm temperatures forecast for Father's Day 2017, this will be an ideal idyll this afternoon - details:
Avalon Soccer Club, the Mighty Reds, is an amateur club situated at the northern end of Sydney's Northern Beaches. As a club we pride ourselves on our friendly, family club environment. The club is comprised of around a thousand players aged from 5 to 70, who enjoy playing the beautiful game at a variety of levels and is entirely run by a group of highly dedicated volunteers. In 2012 we celebrated the 30th anniversary of the amalgamation of the Avalon Junior and Senior Clubs.
We strive to provide the best possible playing and coaching environment that we can with the resources to our disposal. We put a great emphasis on player development and coach education at all skill levels in our club and employ two professional coaches as our Directors of Coaching.
Our home ground is situated at Careel Bay in North Avalon. The site of a former rubbish tip was converted to provide us with two full size fields and a large dedicated mini-field area to cater for the variety of small sided versions of the game played by our younger players. We are also lucky to have our own clubhouse with a great canteen that serves the "best coffee to be found at a football ground anywhere"!!!
We are one of 17 clubs playing in games and competitions organised by the Manly Warringah Football Association (Visit: http://www.mwfa.com.au/).
Our dedication to player development has led to some great success in recent seasons and we looking to build on this in 2015. Some of our recent achievements include:
• MWFA Presidents Cup for Best Junior Club 2013
• W16-1 Champion of Champions 2013 & 2014
• FFA Junior Team of the Year 2012 (W16-1)
• Successful tours to Vanuatu, promoting cultural exchange and women's football in the region
More next Season - in the meantime, visit: www.avalonsoccerclub.com.au
Manly Warringah Football Association
The Manly Warringah Football Association was established in 1947 and has remained the sole focal point for the development of Football on Sydney's Northern Beaches.
The community based Association consists of 17 member clubs throughout the Mosman, Manly, Warringah and Pittwater LGAs. It has the responsibility of administering the game of Football to 18,000 male and female players from the age of under 6 to over 35.
The Manly United Football Club is an affiliate of the Association and caters for representative players from the area. The Club caters for Under 9/10 boys through to senior men's first grade and under 12 girls through to women's first grade. All compete in the highest level of football in NSW, the National Premier League NSW.
Manly Warringah Football Mission Statement.
A progressive community based Football organisation dedicated to providing a safe, integrated pathway for all participants by developing, encouraging and supporting their Football aspirations
Visit: www.mwfa.com.au


text:
<title>Ellipse</title>

Ellipse()

Syntax

Ellipse(x, y, RadiusX, RadiusY [, Color])

Description

Draw an ellipse in the current drawing output.
The filling mode is determined by DrawingMode().
The current output is set with StartDrawing().

Parameters

x, y

The position of the center pixel of the ellipse.

RadiusX, RadiusY

The radius of the ellipse in the x and y direction. The center pixel is not
included in these values.

Color (optional)

The color to be used for the ellipse. If this parameter is not specified, the default color
set with FrontColor() will be used.
This color can be in RGB or RGBA format.

Return value

None.

Example

  If OpenWindow(0, 0, 0, 200, 200, "2DDrawing Example", #PB_Window_SystemMenu | #PB_Window_ScreenCentered)
    If CreateImage(0, 200, 200) And StartDrawing(ImageOutput(0))
      Box(0, 0, 200, 200, RGB(255, 255, 255))
      For radius=50 To 10 Step -10
        Ellipse(100, 100, radius*2, radius, RGB(Random(255), Random(255), Random(255)))
      Next radius
      StopDrawing()
      ImageGadget(0, 0, 0, 200, 200, ImageID(0))
    EndIf

    Repeat
      Event = WaitWindowEvent()
    Until Event = #PB_Event_CloseWindow
  EndIf

See Also

Box(), RoundBox(), Line(), Circle()
FrontColor(), RGB(), RGBA(), DrawingMode()

Supported OS
All

<- DrawingMode() - 2DDrawing Index - EllipticalGradient() ->

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Page 3. Style and form
Art nouveau fanlights
Arts and crafts interior
Hooper house
Mirror house
In Victorian Britain, housing was ranked by style and size: from the mansions of the aristocratic elite to the villas of gentlemen landowners, and down to the cottages of the labouring poor. New Zealand never had houses on the scale of mansions. The large houses of the wealthy were more often known as 'big houses' or (in rural areas) homesteads.
Cottages were graded according to size. The smallest houses were called 'cottages', the next step up were 'superior cottages' and the bigger still were 'houses', often further distinguished as 'substantial' or 'of more pretentions'.
The first houses were all cottages. They had a rectangular or square floor plan and a gabled or hipped roof. The smallest had one or two rooms, with a central door and double-hung or casement windows either side. These referenced no particular style but larger dwellings fell within the English colonial idiom, some of which sported Georgian or English regency features. Many houses were left unpainted, but those that were painted used stone-like hues – creams, fawns and greys – with corrugated-iron roofs painted in red oxide.
A villa was a suburban house that was larger (at least four or five rooms) and more expensive and ornate than a cottage. Villas usually featured two- or four-pane double-hung windows and could be built in Gothic or (neoclassical) Italianate styles.
From the 1870s bay windows became a feature of both cottages and villas, while machine moulding of wood provided for increased ornamentation. The villas of the affluent were not only bigger but often included highly decorative elements such as pressed metal ceilings and stained-glass windows. These windows provided a degree of domestic privacy while also showcasing the owner's wealth and taste to guests and night-time passers-by. Most houses continued to be painted in stone-like hues with darker tones – particularly reds and greens – used for trim work.
Aside from the homes of the wealthy, few houses had verandahs until the 1860s, when they became a marked characteristic of New Zealand dwellings. As well as providing shelter from summer heat and winter rain, a verandah offered a place where muddy boots and sodden coats might be removed before going inside. It was extremely well-suited to local conditions, but became unfashionable with the ascent of 1930s English revival styles. Verandahs were revived in the neo-colonial houses of the 1970s and remained a feature of some 21st-century houses.
Californian bungalows
After the First World War the Californian bungalow superseded the villa. The style featured low-pitched gabled or hipped roofs, fanlight and casement windows, and at least one porch or verandah. The stud (ceiling height) was lower than that of the villa, saving construction costs and making the houses easier to heat. Bow windows and carrara (moulded decorative plaster) ceilings in a variety of designs were common attributes. Bungalows were often painted white or beige, with dark green or brown trim.
English revival
Many architects were dismissive of the bungalow's American origins and chose English revival styles for their clients. These included arts and crafts, Georgian and English cottage styles. The last idiom became synonymous with the 1930s Labour government's state-housing scheme, whose houses are still widely recognised by their 45-degree-pitch tiled roofs and three-pane casement windows.
Spanish mission and moderne
Another Californian import was the Spanish mission style. It featured arched entrances, stucco exteriors and ceramic half-drainpipes as decorative elements. Near-flat roofs were hidden behind parapets.
With larger windows and the absence of overhanging eaves, the Spanish and modernistic styles were designed to let the sun enter interiors. An advertisement for a modernistic block of flats in Auckland declared: 'Every living room has almost an entire wall of windows which fold back and leave wide, uninterrupted areas open to light and air, and to satisfy our thirst for sunshine.'1
The moderne style also included flatroof lines and stucco exteriors painted in white and pastel hues. Interior spaces often featured colourful art deco ornamentation. The fashion for health-inducing sunshine led to larger windows and made the sunrise motif a popular element in stained-glass windows.
The modernist style was introduced from Europe in the 1930s. It eschewed ornamentation and promoted clean straight lines, large picture windows and glass doors to let in light and facilitate indoor–outdoor flow. Architects such as Vernon Brown worked to create a New Zealand version of the modernist style that referenced the simple forms of the shed. These houses featured creosoted weatherboards and white-painted trim.
Neo-colonial to Mediterranean styles
During the 1960s the neo-colonial style became fashionable. These houses featured cottage-like gabled roofs and finials (a tall, narrow projection at the top of the gable), spacious verandahs and exposed timber ceilings and floors. During the 1980s neo-colonialism gave way to post-modernism, which incorporated a diverse range of forms, colours and materials to create whimsical-looking houses. In the 1990s Mediterranean-style houses with flat roofs and minimal eaves were popular.
21st-century eclecticism
In the early 21st century no one style dominated housing design, with new houses reflecting classical, bungalow, modernist, Pacific and other influences. House colours continued to reflect changing fashions and taste; in the early 2010s the stone-like hues of the colonial period were popular.
Previous Next: Page 4. Interior planning and living Next
'Cintra', Building Today 1, no. 1 (1936), p. 2. Back
Ben Schrader, 'Housing - Style and form', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/housing/page-3 (accessed 21 January 2020)
Brown, Vernon Akitt, 1905-1965
Chapman-Taylor, James Walter, 1878-1958
Plischke, Ernst Anton, 1903-1992
Seager, Samuel Hurst, 1855-1933


text:
"Love is everything it's cracked up to be -- It really is worth fighting for, being brave for, risking everything for."
More: Love quotes
by Leo Tolstoy
Category: Fiction	, Classics , Literature & Fiction , World Literature , Literary , Historical , Romance
Average Rating: 3.9 out of 5 based on 7 ratings
1 User Review
24 Favorites on Read Print
In 1872 the mistress of a neighbouring landowner threw herself under a train at a station near Tolstoy's home. This gave Tolstoy the starting point he needed for composing what many believe to be the greatest novel ever written. In writing Anna Karenina he moved away from the vast historical sweep of War and Peace to tell, with extraordinary understanding, the story of an aristocratic woman who brings ruin on herself. Anna's tragedy is interwoven with not only the courtship and marriage of Kitty and Levin but also the lives of many other characters. Rich in incident, powerful in characterization, the novel also expresses Tolstoy's own moral vision. 'The correct way of putting the question is the artist's duty', Chekhov once insisted, and Anna Karenina was the work he chose to make his point. It solves no problem, but it is deeply satisfying because all the questions are put correctly.
Reader Ratings & Reviews
Average Rating (3.9)
Other Suggested Books
War and Peace (Vintage Classics)
Review of Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy
by malvika
It's a beautifully written book. Very deep. Maybe it even has a message to giv. Each character has been described so well, u feel like they hav come to life. It's a must read!
malvika
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