text:
NewsUKThis Britain
Super-rich vie for £100,000 butlers trained by the Palace
The wealthy want to be treated like royalty, which is why only a graduate from a new NVQ course for butlers will do
Paul Bignell
Sunday 30 September 2007 00:00
They have their private jets, luxury yachts and an island or two in the Caribbean. But for the plutocrat with everything, this season's ultimate accessory is much harder to acquire – a top-flight British butler with skills honed and polished by the royal household.
The art of "butling" is enjoying an unprecedented renaissance. Not since the days of the landed gentry have butlers been such hot property, providing the ultimate bling in the Beckham household as well as offering media-shy dotcom millionaires and Russian oligarchs that extra bit of personal service.
The 21st-century butler has, however, been given a radical makeover that has included being renamed as a "household manager". Today's butlers are not only expected to pour champagne, dust antique furnishings and open doors for guests, but they also have to be able to deal with new technology.
The flipside of the butler boom is that soaring demand for their services has resulted in a serious shortage. With only around 5,000 butlers working in the UK, the Guild of Butlers reckons that that number could double and they still wouldn't lack for work.
An assortment of wealthy private-equity executives, hedge-fund dealers, entrepreneurs and celebrities, with personal fortunes to match their desire for the ultimate personal assistant, are fuelling the trend.
In response to the rocketing demand, City & Guilds is launching Britain's first accredited qualification for butlers in conjunction with Buckingham Palace. Graduates can look forward to a starting salary of around £30,000, although for the best that wage will rise rapidly to £100,000 or more.
Ivor Spencer, from the International School for Butler Administrators, who recently sent one of his butlers to Prince Charles's official residence at Clarence House, said: "In the old days, butlers didn't get paid very much and they didn't have much to do.
"Today, we call them a butler, administrator, personal assistant or estate manager. Some clients have a bigger budget than some small businesses. Russian and Chinese millionaires have come to London and other parts of the country and they've no time. They like our butlers because of our heritage."
But it's not just Britain where demand is strong for a new generation of Jeeveses and Hudsons. Many British-trained butlers head to New York, Dubai and the Caribbean, where salaries start at £100,000.
Mr Spencer said: "We recently sent someone to the Middle East. He's running a palace with 153 staff. Next week we're sending someone to Kazakhstan – to a billionaire client. They're looking for quality. I've got people in America earning more than £100,000 a year, running two or three homes. The job perks include accommodation, food, health care and a car."
A butler has to anticipate his master's every whim. The American rapper Sean "Puffy" Coombs would make his butler, Farnsworth Bentley, follow him around during hot spells with a parasol to shade him. One whim Farnsworth failed to predict saw him having to jump straight back on a plane to New York from the Côte d'Azur after failing to pack the rap star's favourite ties.
Although various aspects of the job have changed, one crucial tenet remains, that of discretion.
Mr Spencer stressed its importance. He said: "We do private banking in Switzerland for our employers. We know everything that's going on – and they like it that way."
He says that Paul Burrell, Princess Diana's former butler, remains persona non grata in "butling" circles. Mr Spencer said: "I've been offered lots of money by several tabloid newspapers to tell my story but I would never do that. What happened with Paul Burrell was despicable."
By royal appointment
So what does it take to be a top-class butler? Paul Bignell underwent rigorous training provided by one of London's most experienced butlers at the Lanesborough Hotel near Hyde Park Corner. Sean Davoren, the hotel's head butler, gave a job description: "Butlers have to like people," he said. "You have to be a person who likes to work behind the scene and is discreet."
And to have the utmost patience: after tiring of five minutes' polishing of a pair of shoes, I was told I would have to do this for another hour and 55 minutes to bring out a proper shine. The same rigorous attention to detail was applied to suit-folding, shirt-ironing and folding down a bed.
1/0Super-rich vie for £100,000 butlers trained by the Palace


text:
OPINION: Across The Atlantic, Solutions To L.A. Homelessness
By Daniel Abelow 1043 Views 0 Comment
While the issues of extreme poverty are complex, with no easy solutions, heavy-handed responses on the part of the state and law enforcement only serve to perpetuate this brutal cycle of despair. A recent United Nations report, authored by Philip Alston, New York University professor of law and the UN special rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights, focused on extreme poverty in the United States. The report was damning, and while much of it focused on areas traditionally associated with poverty, Alston also highlighted the notorious "Skid Row" neighborhood in downtown Los Angeles.
Skid Row has one of the largest populations of homeless people of any neighborhood in the United States. The 17,400 residents of Skid Row, especially the 2,521 homeless residents, are subject to near constant state repression and violence.
As Alston summarizes, "Homelessness on this scale is far from inevitable and again reflects political choices to see law enforcement rather than low cost housing, medical treatment, psychological counseling, and job training as the solutions."
Alston observes in his report that "In Skid Row, [L.A.], 6,696 arrests of homeless persons were reported to have been made between 2011 and 2016." This figure only scratches the surface of the history of state crackdowns there. In both 1987 and 2002, the city of L.A. attempted to clear Skid Row by enforcing petty crime laws such as anti-camping regulations that systematically displace and criminalize homeless populations.
In 2007, the practice of "patient dumping" in which homeless people who had entered the system through the hospitals or police department are simply dropped off and left in Skid Row, emerged.
Despite this seemingly hopeless state of affairs, with poverty and homelessness being criminalized rather than addressed as societal ills, there is an alternative model that has started to take shape.
Across the Atlantic, British Labour Party leaders, including Sadiq Khan and Jeremy Corbyn are proposing bold and transformative policies, such as their emergency shelters that protect vulnerable homeless populations from dangerous weather climates. This is only an example of the measures being taken to address homelessness with compassion rather than criminalization.
I believe that these ideas could potentially provide the United States, and L.A in particular, with a model for dealing with issues of extreme homelessness and poverty.
Taking office as mayor of London in May 2016, Khan inherited an unprecedented housing crisis in the capitol. Rather than deal with the problem as a policing issue, Khan, by all accounts considered a moderate, has laid out a number of innovative solutions to tackle homelessness as a human rights issue. Khan launched an aggressive inquiry into foreign ownership of primarily unoccupied buildings.
This practice of foreign investors, buying property as an investment and leaving the place vacant, has expanded widely in recent years, especially in the United States and United Kingdom. Feb. 1, Khan doubled down on his commitment, promising to give Londoners first dibs on new homes, rather than those left vacant in the hands of foreign investors, while thousands sleep on the street.
While not completely tackling the issue of homelessness, it is certainly a start that could easily be applied in L.A., one of the U.S. cities with the most property owned by foreign investors. Khan also promised to invest €15 million to purchase hundreds of homes in London for the homeless.
This plan mirrors broader schemes from the leftist wing of the Labour Party led by Jeremy Corbyn. Corbyn recently made headlines by promising that if elected, his government would not only purchase 8,000 homes for the homeless, but also give local authorities the power to seize vacant houses and give them to the homeless.
As outlandish as the idea sounds, it could easily work. L.A. could readily link the vacancy of investment homes with a solution for homelessness. After all, unoccupied properties hurt the cities' small business owners and its income revenues.
A tax on vacant properties, beyond real estate taxes, could be used to fund new construction or home purchases for the homeless. In addition, when considering how miniscule a portion of our bloated military budget that it would take to help cities purchase or build homes, the task looks infinitely more possible.
While I cannot predict which ideas are most likely to work, these ideas change the conversation from policing to Alston's view that extreme poverty and homelessness are human rights issues.
While extreme poverty is largely absent from present American political debate, the focus of British politicians on the issue of homelessness should inspire our city leaders. While we are students residing in L.A. county, we should challenge the city to consider bolder and more compassionate solutions to the issue of homelessness — especially for Skid Row.
Sagehen Men's Tennis Bounces Back From Loss To Arizona Christian, Defeats CalTech And Cypress College
Active Assailant Training Teaches Students How To 'Not Get Dead'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Gou, Yanzi (2011) Synthesis of glycopolymers for the study of lectin-carbohydrate interactions. Caddy, Mark (2001) Modified liquid polysulfide polymers : their preparation, characterisation, photocuring and potential..
There are many prominent themes in the novel In Cold Blood, and they cover a wide spectrum of topics. The Clutter family murder made national headlines..
level of skill and knowledge required. As you look for a writer, caution must be exercised as there are many scammers prowling the internet claiming to provide reliable writing assistance. Source(s I'm a parent and educator. Unlike most companies, we offer a chance for the customer to communicate directly with the writer, allowing prompt feedback and collaboration. These are some of the challenges you are likely to face as you handle your lab report: Good lab reports not only require some level of skills and knowledge, but also demand a great deal of library research, to place the findings of your study. You could write a paper on the privileges, responsibilities and benefits of voting, and why it should be more important to Americans, and perhaps look at why voter turn out is so low compared to other parts of the world. The resultant stress, combined with the fear of getting a poor grade after all the input, can have significant ramifications for you mental and physical wellbeing, thus the need for custom lab report help. The results section can be used to display theoretical values in contrast to the actual data that was collected.
Or maybe some pressing matter suddenly appeared, and you no longer have the time to finish your lab report? Follow these simple steps to get your order worked on by the best lab report writers. Your ultimate lab report ought to be divided into sections according to the various themes of the experiment. Numerous bonuses and discounts to make sure that your paper is affordable without compromising on quality. In order to compose a lab report with the use of imrad structure system, the writer has to follow each rule of the method and use only relevant materials. At one point in your studies, you will feel like you could use some assistance. Presidential campaigns are providing lots of interesting material.
Don't panic, just ask yourself: "Can someone do my lab report?". It focuses on the experiment itself. These, combined with the fact that most classwork assignments are issued with strict deadline requirements, mean that students have limited time to cope with the demands of academic life. As a percentage of the population, fewer Americans vote than in most third world countries.


Lakeland, FL – The defending FCSAA Champion Santa Fe Saints will meet a familiar postseason foe on Tuesday afternoon when they play Chipola College at 4:00 p.m. at the FCSAA Tournament. The NJCAA #13/FCSAA #3 Saints and Indians played three times at last year's tournament with SF winning two, including the championship game 6-4.
Lakeland, FL – The #1 team in the nation entered Tuesday's matchup with the Santa FE Saints having scored 33 runs in three games, and equaled their average, plating 11 in an 11-1 win over the Santa Fe Saints. No one has been able to slow down Chipola College as they picked up their fourth straight win at the tournament to move into the championship day on Wednesday needing to beat Palm Beach for a spot at the JUCO World Series. Palm Beach would need to beat the Indians twice to earn a spot in Grand Junction, CO.
Gainesville, FL – For the second time in three days Santa Fe pitching stifled Northwest Florida State College bats. This time it was Sean Gabel who held the Raiders to just four hits in a complete game effort. He struck out six and didn't allow a run after the first inning.
Gainesville, FL – Palm Beach State College came out on the winning end of an extra inning game on Sunday evening, defeating Santa Fe 4-3 in 11.
Gainesville, FL – Sean Gabel started the game on the mound and pitched 5.1 innings before turning it over to closer Troy Bacon for the final 3.2 innings in the Santa Fe Saints 6-2 win over the College of Central Florida Saturday afternoon in Ocala. Gabel improved his record to 7-1 and Bacon picked up his eighth save. The victory give SF a four game season sweep over Central Florida.
Gainesville, FL – Santa Fe College wasted no time putting away Mid-Florida Conference rivals St. John's River State College on Friday afternoon in Gainesville, run ruling the Vikings 11-1 in seven innings. The win moves SF (32-11, 15-5 MFC) within one half game of SJRSC (16-5 MFC) at the top of the MFC standings and gives them the tiebreaker, having beaten the Vikings three out of four. They have also now clinched a spot in the FCSAA Tournament in Lakeland at Joker Marchant Stadium, May 5-10.
Gainesville, FL – The Santa Fe Saints (31-11, 14-4 MFC) mounted a furious rally in the ninth inning Monday afternoon in Gainesville against Florida State College-Jacksonville, scoring five runs in the bottom of the ninth to tie the score 5-5, sending it to extra innings.
Gainesville, FL – The Santa Fe Saints offense was back in full swing on Friday afternoon, putting 15 runs on the board in a 15-2 victory in seven innings over Daytona State in the rubber match of the three game series. It's the second time in three games that the Saints run ruled DSC. SF won on Monday in Gainesville 14-4 in seven innings.
Gainesville, FL – The Santa Fe Saints (27-9, 10-3 MFC) jumped in to first place in the Mid-Florida Conference on Wednesday afternoon thanks to a 12-4 win over Lake Sumter State College and a loss by St. John's River State to Florida State College at Jacksonville.
Gainesville, FL – Santa Fe first baseman Leo Rodriguez had a monster day at the plate on Monday afternoon in Sanford for the NJCAA #15/FCSAA #3 Santa Fe Saints, blasting a home run along with two other hits in a five RBI effort. In all the Saints (26-9, 9-3 MFC) pounded out 15 hits, five homeruns, and scored 14 runs to clinch the three game series against Seminole State College.
Gainesville, FL – The Santa Fe Saints struggled offensively on Friday afternoon in Sanford against Seminole State College, managing just two runs on four singles and a double by Leo Rodriguez. The Raiders did just enough, getting the winning hit in the eighth inning off Saints closer Troy Bacon.
Gainesville, FL – For the fifth start in a row Santa Fe starting pitcher Robert Girgis allowed two runs or less, this time shutting out Seminole State College over six strong innings to lead SF past the Raiders 8-2.
Gainesville, FL – The FCSAA#3/NJCAA #19 Santa Fe Saints rallied late over St. John's River State College on Friday afternoon in Gainesville, picking up their second win in three games over the FCSAA #7 Vikings. SF won the first one in Palatka 1-0 on March 11 and dropped the second 7-5 in Palatka on March 15. The win moves SF to 21-8 overall and 4-2 in the MFC. SJR drops to 21-12 and 6-3 MFC.


I wouldn't be a Bookworm if I didn't love EVERYTHING about books, including book related merchandise.
I bought this t-shirt from redbubble (their photo) the delivery was very quick and it's a lovely fit, loose but not too baggy. This is the only literary t-shirt I have.
I bent the page of a book one day taking it to work in my bag. I'd heard about these book buddys from the readitswapit forums. I contacted the shop owner who was lovely and she sent some pictures of fabrics I might like. I am so happy with my buddy, I need a bigger one for the big books that I read (I like big books!) though, it's a handy little sleeve for your book very well made. I can fit a thin paperback in this and my Kindle fits in there too.
I found this lovely bag with it's quote 'so many books so little time'. I love a denim bag and it has a zipped pocket big enough for my phone and wallet. I found this on another forum (I think) and bought it from another lovely lady after seeing it on her blog, The Dorset Bag lady. She was selling in a fare in Swanage recently, I've been to Swanage twice but not when she was there.
I buy way too many tote bags!
MissBohemia some lovely stuff including, prints, cards, bookmarks and great mugs!
Fable and Black oooh, the pins!!!!


text:
Diese Liste gibt den Fortschreibungsstand vom 16. April 2020 wieder und enthält 131 Baudenkmäler.

Baudenkmäler nach Ortsteilen

Eschenau

|}

Hainert

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Knetzgau

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Neuhaus

|}

Oberschwappach

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Unterschwappach

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Westheim

|}

Wohnau

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Zell am Ebersberg

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Ehemalige Baudenkmäler
Die folgenden Objekte wurden aus der Bayerischen Denkmalliste gestrichen.

|}

Siehe auch
 Liste der Bodendenkmäler in Knetzgau

Anmerkungen

Literatur

Weblinks

Knetzgau
!Liste

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Temporarily delete traces of 1password?
I want to temporarily delete all signs of 1password from two of my devices, while retaining it on others. Am I correct that there would be no obstacle, a few days later, to my reinstalling 1password on the two devices? Will all my vault information be preserved?
Hi @rsekuler! Your vault(s) will need to be added back if you'll be removing all traces of 1Password, since they will be included with that. I'd recommend setting up a 1Password account so your data is stored somewhere safe, if you aren't already using one. Otherwise, be sure to sync your data somewhere before removing 1Password from those devices. Then you can uninstall 1Password, and when you want to set the devices up again, install the app and sync your data back. Hope this helps!
On Dropbox I have a file "1Password.agilekeychain" is that what I need to sync the data back after a temporary uninstall?
Let us know if you have any further questions, we'll be happy to help out.


text:
The idea of the Instantaneous Composition Method comes from a training method for interpreters: Reproduction, which is also called Consecutive Repeating or Quick Response. As you may know, interpreters are required to speak two languages interactively. Therefore, they are trained to recognize equivalent phrases in two languages in order to speak them effortlessly. This process is what we will utilize to acquire your second language. The effect has already been proven. Let's give it a try.
Japanese Lessons: Instantaneous Composition Method
This method requires you to instantaneously compose sentences using target Japanese sentence patterns over and over, so you will be very familiar with them and be able to use them almost effortlessly. Namely, you can converse with others. That is the main effect of the Instantaneous Composition Method.
We have prepared exercises with intentionally simple vocabulary and structures in order for you to focus on your target Japanese sentence patterns. You may feel the sentences are too easy, however, that's what we have intended. The purpose here is to have a complete command of Japanese sentence patterns, not just to know them. Therefore, it is best to learn them with very simple examples.
Is Kato-san a teacher? => Yes, and Nomura-san is also a teacher.
加か藤とうさんは先生せんせいですか? => はい、それと野の村むらさんも先生せんせいです。
The above example is for the target grammar, the Japanese particles: 「は」 「も」 「が」. An exercise consists of an English script and a hidden Japanese script. If you move your cursor to a black section, a Japanese script will appear. For more details, you can find all the exercises at the following link.
Materials: Japanese Grammar with Instantaneous Composition Method
General Process
The basic concept is 'repetition.' We have prepared our materials with 67 sentence patterns and divided them into three segments. Please complete each segment, one by one. Then, try to tackle the whole thing again as a final review. If you feel that the segments are too long, you may sub-divide them by yourself.
Step 1 Compose Japanese Sentences
You create and read out an equivalent Japanese sentence, soon after looking at an English script. Please note: this is NOT a translation exercise. Thus, you don't have to answer in a certain time. Regarding an English script as a 'trigger,' you reflexively create an equivalent sentence. This should not take more than a few seconds. If you have difficulty creating a sentence, don't hesitate to check the Japanese script (step 2). While you are proceeding with these Japanese lessons, you will be able to manage it.
Step 2 Check Japanese Scripts
You go over what you have composed with a Japanese script. If you were unable to do it and need clarification even after checking the script, please review how the target sentence pattern works by referring to your dictionary or guidebooks. In this method, a proper understanding is very important because what you have composed here will be what you will speak in conversation. Therefore, even if you thought your composition was perfect, please carefully go over it with a Japanese script (for example, to check whether all particles were correct).
Step 3 Quick Review
Before moving to the next exercise, you read a Japanese script out loud a few times. This should be done while it's hidden, and again while not hidden. This short practice has a great effect on building your speaking ability. Please make sure to read both with and without a Japanese script. Then, after you have finished all exercises, you can proceed with step 4.
Step 4 All at Once, Compose Japanese Sentences
Each sentence pattern has approximately ten exercises. You compose equivalent sentences again, all at once. Please make sure you don't have to think about the answers. As if a reflexive action, you compose and read them out instantaneously. If you couldn't compose some of them, please go back to step 3 and review them. Then, when you can compose all of them all at once, you have completed a target sentence pattern and can move to the next.
Step 5 Repetition of Cycle
After you have finished all of the sentence patterns in the first segment, please go back to the beginning and deal with the first sentence pattern again. Starting with the second cycle, you only need to do step 4: "All at Once, Compose Japanese Sentences." When you have difficulty, go back to step 3: "Quick Review."
You may feel that this repetition is dull. However, you will certainly recognize your improvement while proceeding with these Japanese lessons. Thus, you may find this repetition rather enjoyable. When you are at the fourth or fifth cycle, you will be able to compose sentences smoothly. But, please don't stop repeating the cycles. By taking one more step forward, you will be immersed in the sentence patterns and be able to master them. The ideal number of repetitions is approximately ten. After that, please move to the second segment.
Step 6 Tackle All of the Materials
After you have finished all of the segments, please try to tackle all of the materials. Like the above, you only need to do step 4: "All at Once, Compose Japanese Sentences." When you could compose every sentence all at once, you have completed the Instantaneous Composition Method. Congratulations!
How to Utilize Audio Files
We have prepared audio files for each script. You can utilize them not only for learning natural pronunciations, but also for repeating the cycles. The audio files are designed as follows:
1. English script 2. Pause 3. Japanese Script
Thus, when you get used to composing sentences with visual information, you may try to do it with auditory information, like this: after listening to an English script, you create and speak an equivalent Japanese sentence out loud during a pause. Then, you check whether it is correct with an incoming Japanese script. This can be more difficult. We recommend you try it after you have become able to smoothly compose sentences with visual information.
We don't think that a fun way to learn a language is to watch a funny tutorial video or to read manga with easy vocabulary. We think that the most fun is to recognize your improvement. The Instantaneous Composition Method is really specialized for improving speaking ability and responsiveness, which are visible effects. After completing this method, you will be able to converse with others much more smoothly than before if you follow the aforementioned steps correctly. Please enjoy and improve yourself.
Japanese Grammar with Instantaneous Composition Method
Intermediate Japanese Grammar with Anki Flashcards
Wasabi Learning Community on Facebook
Japanese Grammar Exercise: Invitation 「…ませんか」「…ましょう」
Japanese Grammar Exercises: Wh-question 「なぜ」 「どうやって」
Japanese Grammar: 「…てある (Resultant States)」 「…ておく (Preparation for the Future)」
Lesson 5-3: 走れメロス / Run, Melos!
Japanese Consonants: How to Pronounce か き く け こ、が ぎ ぐ げ ご


text:
Q: como alinhar no centro com css Galera tenho dois button que estão alinhados no centro usando display: block;. O problema e que um fica encima do outro, para ficar um do lado do outro eu usei display: tale-cell; e o problema e que eles não ficam no centro.
Como faço para colocar um do lado do outro e alinhados no centro da pagina?

button {
    display: table-cell;
    border:0;
    padding:10px;
    width:200px;
    height: 50px;
    margin: 20px auto;
    cursor: pointer;
    border-radius: 3px;
}
<button  type='submit'>bt1</button>

<button  type='submit'>bt2</button>

A: Eu resolveria assim:

        <button /> <button />

CSS:
.linha { width:100%; }
.botoes { margin: 0 auto 0 auto; text-align: center;     }

A: Outra Forma
HTML

  <button  type='submit'>bt1</button>
  <button  type='submit'>bt2</button>

CSS
.btns{
  text-align: center;
}
button {
    display: inline-block;
    border:0;
    padding:10px;
    width:200px;
    height: 50px;
    margin: 20px 5px;
    cursor: pointer;
    border-radius: 3px;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Android NavigationView Fragment State I am using the new NavigationView in order to show a navigation menu with the Android Design Support Library. I am also using a FrameLayout into the DrawerLayout to replace fragments into it.
The problem occurs when I change between fragments. I mean, when I use the NavigationView to click on another Fragment and come back again to the first one, the view has been just "cleaned" (f.e. content from ViewPagers Tabs just disappear). I don't know how to "refresh" the FrameLayout or if I have to reuse the Fragments instead of using transaction.replace().
<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">
    <RelativeLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">
        <FrameLayout
            android:id="@+id/content_frame"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_marginTop="?attr/actionBarSize" />
        <include layout="@layout/toolbar" />
    </RelativeLayout>
    <android.support.design.widget.NavigationView
        android:id="@+id/navigation_view"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_gravity="start"
        app:headerLayout="@layout/drawer_header"
        app:menu="@menu/menu_drawer" />
</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>

I also use this method to switch between fragments into the FrameLayout.
private void displayFragment(int position) {
    Fragment fragment = null;
    String title = "";

    switch (position) {
        case 0:
            fragment = new FragmentA();
            title = getString(R.string.fragment_a);
            break;
        case 1:
            fragment = new FragmentB();
            title = getString(R.string.fragment_b);
            break;
        case 2:
            fragment = new FragmentC();
            title = getString(R.string.fragment_c);
            break;

        default:
            fragment = new HomeFragment();
            title = getString(R.string.app_name);
            break;
    }

    if (fragment != null) {
        fragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        FragmentTransaction transaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        transaction.replace(R.id.content_frame, fragment);
        transaction.commit();

        drawerLayout.closeDrawers();
        setTitle(title);
    } else {
        Log.w(TAG, "Error creating fragment");
    }
}

Thanks!!

A: You may have to try this when you are replacing the fragment..
transaction.replace(R.id.content_frame, fragment).addToBackStack("Any_String");

A: try this
     NavigationView navigationView = (NavigationView) findViewById(R.id.nav_view);
            if (navigationView != null) {
                setupDrawerContent(navigationView);
            }

     private void setupDrawerContent(NavigationView navigationView) {
            navigationView.setNavigationItemSelectedListener(
                    new NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedListener() {
                @Override
                public boolean onNavigationItemSelected(MenuItem menuItem) {
                    Fragment fragment = null;
                    switch (menuItem.getItemId()) {
                        case R.id.nav_home:
                            Log.i("TAG","HOME");
                            fragment = new CheeseListFragment();
                            break;
                        case R.id.nav_messages:
                            fragment = new MessageFragment();
                            break;
                        case R.id.nav_friends:
                            fragment = new FriendsFragment();
                            break;
                        case R.id.nav_discussion:
                             fragment = new DiscussionFragment();
                            break;

                    }

                    if (fragment != null) {
                        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
                        fragmentManager.beginTransaction()
                                .replace(R.id.container, fragment).commit();

                    }
                        menuItem.setChecked(true);
                        mDrawerLayout.closeDrawers();
                        return true;

                }
            });
}

You can open fragment in this way check which menu is selected in switch case and open fragment accordingly

A: Not sure if it's same problem, here's my observation & solution:
The app got a NavigationView with say 5 items to switch 5 different fragments(A,B,C,D,E). Initially it switches fragments correctly but after switch about 5 times above, one fragment just sticks in the holder FrameLayout. All the transactions are called by replace().commit().

*

*Choose A

*Choose B
...
...

*Choose C

*Choose A (C just stay in the holder with A underneath)

*Choose B (C just stay in the holder with B underneath)

I found fragment A actually covered by fragment C because of screen orientation changed. The fragment transaction was committed but Somehow fragment C just didn't got replaced.
I even tried with getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag() to locate the previous fragment. Nothing worked.
So for solution I'm not sure if it's legit but worked:
```

<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout
    android:id="@+id/rootLayout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">

        <android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
            android:id="@+id/toolbar"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
            android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light"
            app:layout_collapseMode="pin"
            app:layout_scrollFlags="enterAlways"
            app:popupTheme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light">

        </android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar>

    </android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/a_container"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" />

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/b_container"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" />

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/c_container"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" />

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/d_container"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" />

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/e_container"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" />
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>

<android.support.design.widget.NavigationView
    android:id="@+id/navigation"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:layout_gravity="start"
    app:itemIconTint="#333"
    app:itemTextColor="#333"
    app:menu="@menu/navigation_drawer_items" />

```
As you can see there're 5 FrameLayout containers for each fragment. When navigation item chosen one of the container set to VISIBLE the others set to be GONE. And worked more smooth then fragment transaction. Hope get you some ideas.
--Edit
Some say using attach/detach instead of replace.
https://stackoverflow.com/a/20959779/164005
I'll give a try. Let me know if you find something.

A: I think this solution should work for as It did for me.
In your activity make the following changes ...and dnt forget to override onbackpressed button in your activity.....it loads the fragment in your fragment manager and gives it back on button pressed if there is any... otherwise sends the user to home screen (as it can be customized by you)
fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
    ChatWithUs myFragment0 = new ChatWithUs();
    FragmentTransaction ft = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
    ft.replace(R.id.frameholder, myFragment0);
    ft.addToBackStack("chat_fragment");
    ft.commit();
    Log.i(MainActivity.TAG, "this is create method last line");

@Override
public void onBackPressed() {
    fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
    int backCount = fragmentManager.getBackStackEntryCount();
    //Log.i(MainActivity.TAG, String.valueOf(backCount));
    if((backCount > 1)){
        //Log.i(MainActivity.TAG, String.valueOf(backCount)) ;
        //Log.i(MainActivity.TAG, "im here") ;
        fragmentManager.popBackStack();
        Log.i(MainActivity.TAG, String.valueOf(fragmentManager.getBackStackEntryCount()));
    }
    else{
        //super.onBackPressed();
        //Log.i(MainActivity.TAG, String.valueOf(fragmentManager.getBackStackEntryCount())) ;
        Intent a = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
        a.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_HOME);
        a.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
        startActivity(a);
    }

}`

A: Based on this answer, the solution was to use getChildFragmentManager() instead of getSupportFragmentManager() inside fragments that contains other fragments, like ViewPagers Tabs.


text:
Windigo est le second long métrage de fiction réalisé par Robert Morin, en 1994. Il s'agit d'une adaptation du livre Au cœur des ténèbres, de Joseph Conrad.

Synopsis
Le film raconte la révolte d'un groupe d'Amérindiens qui proclament unilatéralement leur indépendance et invitent un nombre limité de représentants fédéraux, un journaliste et un cadreur à venir les rencontrer.

Fiche technique

 Réalisateur : Robert Morin
Scénario : Robert Morin
Montage : Lorraine Dufour
Musique : Bertrand Chénier
Production : Lux Films
Productrice : Nicole Robert
Distribution : Allegro Films Distribution
 Date de sortie : 1994
 Format : 35 mm
Durée : 97 min

Distribution

 Donald Morin : Eddy Laroche
 Guy Nadon : Jean Fontaine
 Richard Kistabish : Conrad Volant
 Nathalie Coupal : Christine Bastien

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film québécois sorti en 1994
Film dramatique québécois
Film réalisé par Robert Morin
Film des Premières Nations
Film se déroulant au Québec
Film tourné au Québec
Film tiré d'une œuvre de Joseph Conrad
Film en français québécois


text:
2 Cops Fatally Struck by Train on Far South Side: Officials
The officers were identified as partners—both fathers—with a collective four years on the force, Chicago police Supt. Eddie Johnson said
By Richard Ray	• Published at 7:18 pm on December 17, 2018
Two Chicago police officers were fatally struck by a train Monday evening on Chicago's Far South Side, police said.
The incident occurred near 103rd Street about 7 p.m. in the city's Rosemoor neighborhood, Metra officials said. Police said the officers were responding to a "shots fired" call when they were struck by a passing train. They were on foot. The NICTD Indiana South Shore Train SS9119 was halted after the incident. The South Shore rail line uses Metra tracks. Metra shut down power in both directions.
The officers were later identified as partners—both fathers—with a collective four years on the force, Chicago police Supt. Eddie Johnson said.
"They have faced tragedy, after tragedy, this year," Johnson said.
Officer Eduardo Marmolejo was 36. Conrad Gary was 31.
The superintendent referred to other deaths in the Fifth District over the past year—including two suicides and another on-duty death.
A visibly weary Mayor Rahm Emanuel spoke of the difficulty to grasp more fallen Chicago police officers in a year where the department has had multiple tragedies befall it.
"There are no words that can express the grief and sense of loss—this knocks you back on your heels," he said.
Chicago police spokesman Anthony Guglielmi called the incident a "devastating tragedy."
A devastating tragedy occurred tonight at 103rd and Cottage Grove where two #ChicagoPolice officers investigating a shots fired call were struck by a passing train. Please pray for the @ChicagoCAPS05 5th district. Details to follow. pic.twitter.com/0IfXTZf2Bs
— Anthony Guglielmi (@AJGuglielmi) December 18, 2018
The Fraternal Order of Police tweeted "Prayers, please," shortly after the incident.
Prayers, please.
— FOP7Chicago (@FOP7Chicago) December 18, 2018
Former Chicago police superintendent and Chicago mayoral candidate Garry McCarthy also tweeted after the officers were struck.
https://twitter.com/Garry4Chicago/status/1074848487735472128
"Just now hearing @Chicago_Police lost 2 officers tonight," he said. "Pray for the brave men and women of CPD, they need our support."
No other information was immediately available.
Garry McCarthy @Garry4Chicago
FollowFollow @Garry4Chicago
Just now hearing @Chicago_Police lost 2 officers tonight. Pray for the brave men and women of CPD, they need our support.


text:
More Realistic With Transfer Targets
Boss says he wants to do more business earlier ready for pre-season.
Steve Davis says he will need to be more realistic when it comes to his netting his potential signings this summer. The Alex boss had to wait until November until he could start to bring in the calibre of player he wanted to do on loan. Crewe's upturn in form heading into Christmas certainly coincided with the arrival of Jamie Ness, Alan Tate, Nicky Ajose and Uche Ikpeazu on loan.
The Alex boss says he has devised a more realistic target list of players to help improve the core of his side next season, but getting players in either on a permanent or loan basis is never straight forward.
Steve told the club's official web-site: "People have questioned why we didn't do too much business in the summer and the truth is the players we wanted, we either couldn't afford or they were not available at that time. We had to wait for their clubs to allow them to go out.
"When they were prepared to do that we managed to do it and it changed our season.
"I will have to be more realistic with our options this summer and I would like to do things earlier if we can. It will be a busy closed season for all the staff to make sure we get the players in who can make a difference for us.
"What we have to do is act more quickly. If we know that a player is interested in coming here, we need to get them up here, show them around and talk to them about what we expect and what they expect.
He added: "We will look to profile our targets a lot more, to make sure we get the right characters in, so we want to know about their lives, do they have a family, what they eat and what they get up to in their personal life. With social media and the Internet you can find out a lot more about people nowadays and we will do that."


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Sanctuary Health is currently looking for an experienced and dedicated biomedical scientist to fill a full time role in Manchester. The ideal candidate will possess highly developed specialist knowledge of biomedical scientist practices and be registered with the HCPC.
The pay rate for this locum biomedical scientist job is to be confirmed and is an initial 4 month contract.


text:
'Zoey's Extraordinary Playlist' - 01/07/2020 (Photo Gallery)
Category: Photo Galleries
If there's a song in your heart, it will get in her head. Jane Levy stars in this high-concept drama as Zoey Clarke, a whip-smart computer coder forging her way in San Francisco. After an unusual event, Zoey, who always preferred podcasts over pop songs, suddenly starts to hear the innermost wants, thoughts and desires of the people around her – her family, co-workers and complete strangers – through popular songs. At first, she questions her own sanity, but after getting some guidance from her musically adept neighbor, Mo, and making a breakthrough with her ailing father, Zoey soon realizes this unwanted curse may just be an incredibly wonderful gift as she connects with the world like never before.
The series stars Jane Levy, Skylar Astin, Alex Newell, John Clarence Stewart, with Peter Gallagher and Mary Steenburgen. Lauren Graham is special guest star.
"Zoey's Extraordinary Playlist" premieres Tuesday, January 7th, 2020 on NBC.
(All photos courtesy: Photo by: Sergei Bachlakov/NBC)
Mary Steenburgen as Maggie
(l-r) Mary Steenburgen as Maggie, Jane Levy as Zoey
Peter Gallagher as Mitch


text:
Michigan beats Ohio State 42-27, ends 8-game skid in rivalry
Home Entertainment Sports College Football
in College Football, Football, News, Sports
ANN ARBOR, Mich. — Hassan Haskins scored five touchdowns and Aidan Hutchinson had three sacks, helping No. 6 Michigan finally beat No. 2 Ohio State 42-27 Saturday to give Jim Harbaugh his first win as a coach against the Buckeyes.
"It feels like the best one," Harbaugh said.
The Wolverines clinched the Big Ten East and will play in the conference title game next week with playoff hopes in hand after snapping an eight-game losing streak to Ohio State.
Michigan (11-1, 8-1 Big Ten, No. 5 CFP) advanced to the conference championship for the first time. The Wolverines now have a chance to win a Big Ten title for the first time since 2004 and a national championship for the first time since 1997.
Minutes after the game, long-suffering fans filled the Big House turf to celebrate a rare win in the storied series and they were in no rush to leave as music blared.
"Watching the snow fall and the crowd rush rush onto the field was truly a surreal moment," Michigan quarterback Cade McNamara said.
Ohio State had a school-record winning streak in the rivalry, taking 15 of 16 to turn The Game into its game.
The Buckeyes (10-2, 8-1) blew their chances to continue their dominance with 10 penalties, many before the snap, and because they simply could not stop Michigan's running game.
"We haven't been in this position in forever, so it's tough," Ohio State receiver Chris Olave said.
Harbaugh clearly had his team ready to beat the Buckeyes.
After Harbaugh's pay was slashed in his new deal last winter in part because of his lack of success against the Buckeyes, he reshaped his coaching staff again and renamed a running-heavy period of practice the "Beat Ohio," drill for to add another layer of focus on the rivalry.
It seemed to work.
Haskins had 169 yards rushing on 28 carries, scoring a go-ahead touchdown late in the second half and four more after halftime to pad Michigan's lead.
"It's an amazing feeling, I want to thank each and every one of my linemen," Haskins said.
Blake Corum returned from a two-plus game absence to run six times for 87 yards, helping the Wolverines gain a total of 297 yards on a ground against a rival that has pushed them around for much of this century.
"It was dominant," Harbaugh acknowledged. "There was continual movement up front by the guys."
Harbaugh also seemed to out coach Ryan Day, who had not lost a Big Ten game, by sprinkling in some surprise plays such as a slot-around with A.J. Henning running for a 14-yard run to cap the game-opening 10-play, 75-yard drive.
And in the end, the Buckeyes looked like they had enough when they didn't put up much of a fight on Haskins' 4-yard run with 2:17 left that gave Michigan a 15-point lead.
Ohio State's high-powered offense seemed rattled against Michigan's new-look defense with first-year coordinator Mike Macdonald making all the right moves. Hutchinson, who set a single-season school record with 13 sacks, was in the backfield all day.
"Definitely should be in strong consideration for the Heisman Trophy," Harbaugh said.
C.J. Stroud was 34 of 49 for 394 with two touchdowns, including a 25-yard pass to Garrett Wilson that gave the Buckeyes a 10-7 lead early in the second quarter. The Buckeyes turned it over on downs on their last possession, failing to protect Stroud. He was sacked four times, doubling the total from any other game this season.
Ohio State's high-powered offense put up some big numbers through the air and solid ones on the ground, but not on the scoreboard where it mattered most.
"People are probably going to hate me for it, but I know in my heart I put up everything," Stroud said.
After Harbaugh's news conference, he was met by athletic director Warde Manuel.
"You hit a home run," Manuel told Harbaugh.
Ohio State: The Buckeyes had won 26 straight Big Ten games, a streak that trailed only the school's 30-game run from 2012-15 in Big Ten history. They also won 21 games in a row over ranked Big Ten teams.
Michigan: In his seventh season, Harbaugh finally got the win he has desperately needed. He likely won over people, who have doubted the former Wolverines and NFL quarterback could deliver on the hype that followed him when the former San Francisco 49ers coach came back to his alma mater.
RANKING RAMIFICATIONS
Michigan will jump past Ohio State in the College Football Ranking, putting college football's winningest program a win away from competing for a national title.
Ohio State: Waits for its postseason fate, likely landing in a New Year's Six bowl game.
Michigan: Plays the winner of the West Division in Indianapolis next Saturday.
Follow Larry Lage at https://twitter.com/larrylage
More AP college football: https://twitter.com/Collegefootball and https://twitter.com/AP_Top25
The post Michigan beats Ohio State 42-27, ends 8-game skid in rivalry appeared first on Associated Press.
Tags: Aidan HutchinsonAnn ArborCollege FootballHassan HaskinsJim HarbaughMichiganMichigan Wolverines footballOhioOhio State Buckeyes footballSportsThe Game


text:
Eolas Fúinn
Gníomhaíocht
Ionad Sonraí
Áiseanna
Taighde & Maoiniú
Baile / Working with Us
Working With Us Overview
Fisheries Administration Support Stagiaire
Pelagic Scientific and Technical Officer
Research Administrator
Senior Laboratory Analyst
Team Lead: Marine Infrastructure Projects
Faisnéis agus Acmhainní Gairme
Leideanna maidir le hIarratas Poist
Treoir maidir le Gairmeacha Muirí
Training Opportunities at the Marine Institute
Temporary Section Manager - Oceanographic & Climate Services
Vacancy Area:
Manager / Team Leader
Location: Marine Institute, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland
Organisation Description
The Marine Institute is a non-commercial semi-state body, which was formally established by statute (Marine Institute Act, 1991) in October 1992. We are the national agency responsible for marine research, technology, development and innovation (RTDI). The Marine Institute seeks to assess and realise the economic potential of Ireland's 220 million acre marine resource; promote the sustainable development of marine industry through strategic funding programmes and scientific services; and safeguard the marine environment through research and environmental monitoring. The Institute works in conjunction with the Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine (DAFM) and a network of other Government Departments, semi-state agencies, national and international marine partners.
Summary of the Role
The Section Manager will lead OS work with MI and other agencies and Higher Education Institutes at national and international level and work with colleagues and other partners as appropriate in supporting and developing new research and service-development projects funded through national, EU and other sources. The Section Manager will lead the development and implementation of existing projects/programmes and identify and generate new R&D projects/programmes and related value-added activities. These areas of activity will strengthen the contribution of oceanographic and climate services to the delivery of monitoring and advisory services to Government and research activities contributing to addressing national resilience and societal grand challenges and underpinning the sustainable development and management of marine resources. The activities of OS will focus on two main areas; operational oceanographic services for Government and oceanographic and climate research underpinning service development.
Among the duties and responsibilities include:
Identification of requirements for oceanographic and climate data products and services. Collaboration with the Information Services and Development Team and other teams within the MI to ensure these products and services are delivered within the context of the Marine Institute Data policy.
Management of oceanographic and climate Research Vessel programmes and data from the Celtic Explorer and Celtic Voyager and the provision of products and services.
Scientific development and promoting utilisation by the research community of the National Weather Buoy and Tide Gauge Networks,deep water mooring and related data management activities and services.
Lead and/or oversee a range of research programmes and activities in oceanography and climate contributing to national programmes and international collaborative programmes (H2020, Interreg and into Horizon Europe).
Management and development of the National Equipment Pool in cooperation with the wider national and international scientific communities.
A detailed job description can be viewed here
Duration of Contract
This is a temporary specified purpose contract for a duration of up to 60 months – providing Career Break & Project Cover.
A detailed and recent C.V. together with a letter of application, summarising experience and skill sets applicable to the position should be emailed to recruitment [at] marine [dot] ie or posted to Human Resources at the Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Galway. All correspondence for this post should quote reference OSIS/SM-OS/Nov-2018.
Closing date for applications - All applications for this post should be received by the Marine Institute in advance of 12 noon on Monday December 10th 2018. Please note that late applications will not be accepted.
Dé Luain, 10 Nollaig, 2018
Beartais ar Líne
Léarscáil Suímh
© Foras na Mara 2019


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These General Terms and Conditions are valid between IFC GmbH, Trimburgstraße 2, 81249 Munich, Germany, (hereinafter referred to as "IFC") and the Customer (hereinafter also referred to as "User"). This agreement regulates the use of the tools provided by IFC, inter alia, IFC-BusinessCockpit, IFC-InventoryManager, IFC-CategoryAnalysis, IFC-ASINCrawler (hereinafter referred to as "Services" or also referred to as "Contractual Software").
1.1 The General Terms and Conditions are valid for all current and future contracts with contractors within the meaning of Section 14 of the German Civil Code (BGB), public-law legal entities and special public-law funds.
1.2 The General Terms and Conditions apply exclusively. Deviating, contradictory or supplemental general terms and conditions of the Customer shall only become an integral part of the contract if and insofar as IFC has explicitly consented to their validity. Deviating, contradictory or supplementary general terms and conditions of the Customer will also not become an integral part of the contract, if IFC performs the service unreservedly or enables access to the services unreservedly in full knowledge of the Customer's general terms and conditions.
2. Services, prices and payment
2.1 The scope of Services, the licensing model, the composition, the purpose and the operating conditions of the contractual Services arise from the respective service description on the website of IFC or the visited AppStore or WebStore, where the contractual Services can be acquired.
2.2 Depending on the licensing model, IFC will grant the Customer the non-exclusive, non-transferable right of use to the Contractual Software shown in Clause 4.
2.3 Services over and above the contractually agreed scope of Services, such as the development of customized solutions or required adaptations, require a separate agreement.
2.4 Unless agreed otherwise on a case-by-case basis, the current prices plus statutory sales tax at the time of the respective conclusion of the contract shall apply.
2.5 Unless agreed otherwise, all billed amounts shall fall due immediately.
2.6 The payment of the fees shall be made via credit card or PayPal and/or via the payment method stored in the selected App- or WebStore.
2.7 Default interest will be charged at 9 percentage points above the respective base interest rate. The interest is due immediately. We reserve the right to assert a higher default compensation rate. The default compensation also includes potential foreign exchange losses.
3. Account, password and security
3.1 The Customer must protect the access rights, as well as identification and authentication information allocated to him and/or the users from access by third parties and not disclose them to unauthorized persons.
3.2 Over and above the functionality of the Contractual Software, archiving or data backup is not performed by IFC. The Customer is solely responsible for backing up the data entered by him or generated by the Contractual Software.
3.3 The contractual Services can only be used by the Customer and only for the purposes agreed in the contract. Any non-contractual and/or unlawful use of the Services is prohibited. The Customer shall not receive any rights over and above this, particularly to the software or any infrastructure services that may be provided in the respective data center. Any further use requires the prior written consent of IFC.
3.4 The Customer can specifically not use the Services beyond the agreed scope of use or allow them to be used by third parties or make them accessible to third parties. The Customer is specifically not permitted to duplicate or sell software or parts thereof, or transfer, rent out or lend it for a limited time.
3.5 IFC is entitled to take appropriate technical measures to protect against non-contractual use. Such measures must not substantially affect the contractually-compliant use of the Services.
3.6 In the event of non-contractual violation of the scope of use by a User or in the event of unauthorized provision of use, the Customer must notify the provider, upon request, about all details available to him for the assertion of claims due to the non-contractual use at once, particularly the User's name and address. In this case, IFC shall be entitled to compensation for damages against the Customer in the amount of the license fee, which would have been incurred in the case of contractually compliant licensing. ICF reserves the right to prove damages over and above this.
4. Licensing models, granting of rights, liability
4.1 For the Contractual Software, the respective agreed license model applies, namely "Software as a Service" (4.1.1), "Software leasing" (4.1.2) and "Software purchase" (4.1.3), under the following conditions.
4.1.1 "Software as a Service"
4.1.1.1 For the duration of the contract, IFC shall provide the Customer with the Services for use in the respective current version via the Internet in return for payment. For this purpose, IFC shall store the software on a server, which is accessible via the Internet.
4.1.1.2 The settlement period corresponds to the respective minimum term. The fee is payable at the beginning of the settlement period. An agreed set-up fee is payable at the beginning of the contractual term.
4.1.1.3 Price changes will be notified to the customer in good time for the next settlement period.
4.1.1.4 For the term of the contract, the User will receive the non-exclusive, non-transferable, non-sub-licensable right to use the Services for own use on a PC owned by him or in his possession.
4.1.1.5 IFC will provide access to the Services under IFC's authority, i.e. from the interface between the data center and the Internet.
4.1.1.6 The Customer is aware that restrictions or impairments of the Services can occur, which are outside of IFC's control. These particularly include actions by third parties, who are not acting on behalf of IFC, technical conditions of the Internet, which are not under the control of IFC, and force majeure. The hardware and software and technical infrastructure used by the Customer can also have an influence on IFC's Services. If such circumstances have an influence on the availability or functionality of the service provided by IFC, this shall not have any implications for the contractual compliance of the Services provided.
4.1.1.7 No-fault liability by IFC due to deficiencies which already existed at the time of conclusion of the contract is excluded.
4.1.1.8 The provision of the contractually agreed Services shall occur from the contractually agreed date, initially for the duration of the agreed term. During this minimum term, early ordinary cancellation is excluded for both parties.
4.1.1.9 If the contract is not canceled at the end of the minimum term, the contract shall extend, in each case, by the duration of the minimum term, until ordinary cancellation has been made at the end of the respective extension period.
4.1.1.10 The right of each contracting party to extraordinary cancellation for good cause remains unaffected.
4.1.1.11 In good time, prior to the termination of the contract, the Customer will independently back up his databases (such as by downloading). The Customer will not normally have access to his databases after the termination of the contract, for reasons of data protection law.
4.1.2 "Software leasing"
4.1.2.1 For the duration of the contract, IFC shall provide the Customer with the Services for use in the respective current version via the App- and/or WebStore in return for payment.
4.1.2.5 IFC shall make access to the Services available in the App- and/or WebStore.
4.1.3 "Software purchase"
4.1.3.1 The User will receive the non-exclusive, non-transferable, non-sub-licensable right to use the Services for own use on a PC owned by him or in his possession.
4.1.3.2 If the customer is a contractor, he must inspect the Contractual Software for obvious defects immediately after receipt and notify these to the seller at once, otherwise, a warranty for these defects is excluded. The same applies if such a defect appears at a later date. Section 377 HGB [German Commercial Code] applies.
4.1.3.3 With the exception of claims for damages, warranty claims due to material defects shall expire in two years, or in one year if a consumer is not involved in the transaction. The limitation period shall begin with the download of the contractual software in the App- and/or WebStore.
4.2 The Services can be used exclusively in an unmodified form. It is specifically inadmissible to decompile, extract or convert (reverse engineering), edit or copy the Services or parts thereof.
4.3 The User is entitled to create a backup copy, if this is necessary for safeguarding future use.
4.4 Copyright notices and other features that are intended for program identification must not be removed or modified.
5. Non-disclosure
5.1 The contracting parties are obligated to maintain non-disclosure regarding business and trade secrets, as well as other confidential information, which becomes known in relation to the execution of the contract. The contracting parties will also impose these obligations on their employees and potential third parties that are appointed.
5.2 "Confidential information" is all of the information and documentation about the business transactions of the other party concerned, which the other party becomes aware of, in particular, but not exclusively, sales and product data.
5.3 The contracting parties are aware that electronic and unencrypted communication (e.g. by e-mail) is subject to security risks. With this type of communication, they will therefore not enforce any claims which are due to the lack of encryption, unless encryption has been arranged in advance.
6. Data privacy
6.1 If IFC is able to access the Customer's personal data or from its area, IFC will act exclusively as a data processor and will only process and use this data for the execution of the contract. IFC will observe the Customer's instructions for handling these data. The Customer shall be liable for any disadvantageous consequences of such instructions for the execution of the contract. The Customer will agree with ICF on the details for handling the Customer's data by IFC in accordance with the requirements of data privacy law.
6.2 The Customer will remain the controller, both in the general contractual relationship, as well as within the meaning of data privacy law. If the Customer processes personal data in connection with the contract (including collection and use), he shall guarantee that he is authorized to do so under the applicable, particularly data privacy regulations and shall indemnify IFC against third-party claims in the event of a violation.
6.3 The following applies to the relationship between IFC and the Customer: With respect to the data subject, the Customer shall bear the responsibility for the processing (including collection and use) of the Customer's personal data, except if IFC is responsible for any claims by the data subject, due to a breach of duty, which is attributable to IFC. The Customer will examine, process and answer any inquiries, applications and claims from the data subject responsibly. This also applies to a claim against IFC by the data subject. IFC will support the Customer as part of its duties.
6.4 IFC guarantees that the Customer's data will exclusively be stored in the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany, in a Member State of the European Union or another Contracting State to the Agreement on the European Economic Area, unless agreed otherwise.
7.1 The Customer is obligated to indemnify IFC against all claims by third parties on the basis of legal infringements which are due to the unlawful use of the Service object by him or occur with his approval. If the Customer recognizes, or must recognize, the threat of such a violation, a duty exists to notify IFC at once.
7.2 IFC can revoke the Customer's access authorization, if the Customer oversteps his permitted use significantly or violates the regulations on protection from unauthorized use. The provider's claim to compensation for use over and above the agreed use remains unaffected.
7.3 For each case, in which a contractual Service is used unauthorized within the Customer's area of responsibility, the Customer shall pay compensation for damages in the amount of the usage fee. The Customer reserves the right to prove that the unauthorized use is beyond the Customer's control or that only significantly lower damages exist. IFC remains entitled to assert further claims for damages.
8. Customer's notification duty
8.1 The Customer is obligated to notify IFC of any malfunctions, faults or impairments to the Services at once and as precisely as possible.
9. Updates
9.1 No obligation exists to provide updates. However, IFC is entitled to provide updated versions of the Services or improvements to the Services at its own discretion. IFC will inform the Customer about updated versions and corresponding terms of use electronically and make these available accordingly.
10.1 IFC is only liable for the Customer's damages due to premeditated or grossly negligent conduct by IFC, for personal injury and damages under the product liability act, on the basis of the statutory provisions. This also applies to damages which are caused by legal agents of IFC.
10.2 In the case of simple negligence, IFC is only liable
a) for damages due to injury to life, limb or health,
b) for damages from the infringement of a material contractual obligation (obligation, the fulfillment of which make the proper execution of the contract possible at all and which the contracting party can generally rely on and trust in being complied with); in this case, the liability of IFC is limited to compensation for the foreseeable, typically occurring damages.
10.3 Ceteris paribus, liability by IFC is excluded.
11.1 In the case of a material defect, IFC can satisfy supplementary performance by providing IFC updates.
11.2 In the case of an insignificant reduction of the fitness for purpose of the Services for contractual use, the Customer has no rights due to defects.
Section 12 Final provisions
12.1 The law of the Federal Republic of Germany applies, to the exclusion of the UN Sales Convention. The definitive version of these General Terms and Conditions is the version that is available in the German language.
12.2 If the Customer is a trader, a public-law legal entity or a special public-law fund, the place of performance and place of jurisdiction for all disputes arising from contractual relationships between the Customer and IFC is the registered office of IFC.
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It is now 30 years to the day since the mysterious death of Dian Fossey, the primatologist who transformed the way we see gorillas.
Before Fossey's work, gorillas had an appalling reputation as violent brutes that would kill a human on sight. Fossey demolished this myth. Living alongside a group of mountain gorillas in the forests of Rwanda, she showed that these huge apes are actually gentle giants, with individual personalities and rich social lives. In many ways they are like us.
But the mountain gorillas were also in terminal decline, their habitats encroached on by farms and overrun by war and civil unrest. Fossey spent her last years fighting an increasingly savage battle to save them, until she finally lost her life in 1985.
The 1988 film Gorillas in the Mist presented a fictionalised version of Fossey's story. We have attempted to tell it as it really happened by speaking in depth to three of Fossey's colleagues and friends, one of whom, Ian Redmond, provided nearly all the photos featured.
Dian Fossey did not set out to become a primatologist. She simply loved African nature and was inspired to travel there in 1963.
During this trip she met the renowned palaeoanthropologist Louis Leakey. He was focused on studying the fossils of our ancestors, but had realised that to really understand how we evolved, we would also have to learn about our closest relatives: the apes.
Leakey had already helped another female researcher, Jane Goodall, set up long-term studies on chimpanzees. Now he wanted to start something similar for gorillas.
At the time little was known about mountain gorillas, one of two subspecies of the eastern gorilla. In films they were depicted as violent brutes, and tales from hunters suggested that if anyone got too close they would charge to kill.
Three years after their meeting, Leakey hired Fossey to study mountain gorillas in the Democratic Republic of Congo. But conflict in the country forced her to leave.
So in September 1967, Fossey set up a small research outpost in neighbouring Rwanda: the Karisoke Research Center. This consisted of a few cabins high in the volcanic Virunga mountains.
The area was and is home to the Virunga group of mountain gorillas. This is one of only two populations in the world, the other one being in Uganda.
There were about 475 individuals in the early 1960s, but their numbers were dwindling due to poaching and habitat loss. In the early 1980s the population dropped to about 254 individuals.
Fossey set out to understand and protect the few remaining mountain gorillas, before they disappeared.
Her early work was painstaking. To get close to the gorillas, she started imitating their behaviour.
As she explained to the BBC in 1984: "I'm an inhibited persona and I felt that the gorillas were somewhat inhibited as well, so I imitated their natural, normal behaviour like feeding, munching on celery stalks or scratching myself." She would also beat her chest with her fists and copy their belch-like calls.
Fossey's patience and quiet demeanour paid off. She gained the gorillas' trust and could observe them undisturbed. She soon started to see which gorillas belonged to which family, and learnt the key role played by the dominant "silverback" male in each family.
This method of gaining their trust is called habituation. It was Fossey's great gift to the world, says gorilla conservationist Ian Redmond, who worked closely with her for over three years. Eventually it led to human-gorilla friendships.
"I mean that seriously," says Redmond. "Gorillas are so like us and they can see they're like us. They are as fascinated by us as we are by them. They actually inspected us physically, pulled our lips down and looked at our teeth. They were very curious about this gorilla-like animal that does such different things [to them]."
In 1970, only three years after starting her fieldwork, Fossey appeared on the cover of National Geographic magazine. There she first told the world about the lives of mountain gorillas.
"The gorilla is one of the most maligned animals in the world," Fossey wrote. "After more than 2,000 hours of direct observation, I can account for less than five minutes of what might be called 'aggressive' behaviour."
The world immediately took notice. "Here's this lone woman out in the centre of Africa studying what others would have presumed were fearsome dangerous creatures," says Amy Vedder of Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies in New Haven, Connecticut, US, who worked with Fossey from early 1978.
For the first time, gorillas were captured on film for people to watch in their own homes.
Fossey also named the gorillas she studied and shared their characteristics, just as Jane Goodall had done with chimpanzees. "That was greatly inspiring. It created a global level of interest and concern about gorillas," says Vedder.
Living in a remote area with few other people around suited Fossey well. But that was not true of everyone who worked there. At night the forest creaked and groaned, and could seem like a terrifying place, Redmond says.
Fossey provided little companionship or comfort. She was not an easy person to live and work with, and often preferred to be alone. She could be extremely charming and charismatic one minute, and hostile the next. Days went by where she barely communicated with anyone except for sending around hand-written notes.
Her friend and fellow primatologist Kelly Stewart spent many years working with Fossey, initially as her student.
She was a hard person to be friends with, Stewart says. "She demanded complete loyalty, but you never knew whether she was going to love or hate you that day. She could be very charming, a lot of fun, and very supportive. And then she could turn on you."
By the time Stewart arrived in 1973, Fossey was not spending much time with the gorillas. She was suffering from emphysema, which made her very short of breath. Despite this, she still had full control of the research camp, Stewart recalls.
Fossey also spent ever more time dealing with poachers and farmers, whose cattle encroached on the gorillas' habitat. Shortly after Stewart arrived, Fossey shot several of the cattle dead.
"When I first got there she was mercurial but was already angry," Stewart says. "She was in warrior mode and fighting mode. Her love for gorillas and her hatred of poachers really coloured her behaviour, and some people think it eventually got in the way of rational management of the research centre."
Fossey's conflict with the poachers was to take up a large part of her life, overshadowing some of her other efforts.
There are reports that she would capture and interrogate them. She bought facemasks and pretended to use black magic, so locals might think she was a witch and be scared off. Some locals referred to her as "the witch of the Virungas".
There are also anecdotes that she arranged for some poachers to be tortured. Fossey later recounted one of these incidents in a letter to a friend: "We stripped him and spread eagled him and lashed the holy blue sweat out of him with nettle stalks and leaves…"
She may even have kidnapped the poachers' children and held them ransom.
Fossey was fighting a battle that, as far as she could see, she was losing. Gorilla numbers continued to decline. Worse, her increasingly militant antics gained her many enemies.
Among the gorillas she habituated, Fossey had one favourite. His name was Digit, so called because of his crooked finger. She knew him as he was growing up and felt a special bond with him. Just like her, Digit was a bit of an outsider.
On New Year's Eve in 1977, Digit was killed by poachers as he tried to defend his family. He was only 12 years old.
It was Redmond who found Digit shortly after he was killed. He had been decapitated and his hands were cut off. They were reportedly sold as trinkets for about $20.
Redmond brought his "mangled" body back to camp, where it was buried.
It was the ultimate blow for a woman on an increasingly personal mission to take on poachers. "The mutilated body, head and hands hacked off for grisly trophies, lay limp in the brush like a bloody sack… For me, this killing was probably the saddest event in all my years of sharing the daily lives of mountain gorilla," Fossey wrote in a 1981 article in National Geographic.
After Digit's death she spent more time on her own in her cabin, and rarely communicated with colleagues and friends. Her drinking and smoking – already heavy – became heavier.
She spiralled into a terrible depression.
Six months later there was another, more organised attack on Digit's family. Two others were killed and one infant, Kweli, was wounded and later died from his injuries. One of those killed was Uncle Bert, the group's dominant silverback. Gorilla families depend heavily on their leaders, so his death was devastating to Digit's family.
"Kweli died from bullet-wound complications combined, I think, with acute depression. He was buried between his mother and father, who lay next to Digit. All three adults, in effect, had died so that he might live," Fossey wrote.
She blamed these killings on the local government. "Dian felt it was because the authorities wanted a dramatic story for the world to respond to," says Redmond.
The publicity around Digit's death may even have inspired others to get a quick buck from poaching, Fossey thought at the time. She also had a suspicion that the authorities "had been instructed to kill a gorilla" to gain sympathy and funding from conservationists.
Digit's death did raise awareness of the gorillas' plight and, crucially, more money. But most of the money went into other forms of conservation, rather than directly tackling poaching as Fossey wanted.
"For a long time there was a real falling-out between Dian and the other conservationists because she was in the forest and there was no sign of any change, poachers were operating, snares had been set, gorillas were in danger but she was seeing money being spent on education and films," says Redmond.
The other conservationists were playing a long game. They were aiming to raise awareness of the gorillas and to encourage the local government to keep their habitat intact, rather than using it to raise cattle.
Fossey believed this was the wrong approach. She wanted direct action and to see poachers imprisoned. She could not see that these people, who were part of the problem, could ever be part of the solution. She "derided the efforts to convert poachers into farmers", says Redmond.
Her hostility and mistrust towards the Rwandans deepened.
Vedder, who arrived only two months after Digit was killed, says that Fossey did not believe any Rwandan would be sincere or smart enough to help. "She shut them out entirely. She was extremely dismissive of them," Vedder says.
Fossey did not seem to realise that, to save the gorillas, she would need all the help she could get, including from the authorities she despised. She refused to work with those proposing new methods of conservation, arguing that any efforts that did not focus on poaching were wasted. She was known to call it "comic book conservation".
Fossey therefore kept her distance from the Mountain Gorilla Project, which began in 1979 and saw several organisations come together to save Rwanda's remaining gorillas. The key was working with locals to change their attitudes towards the gorillas.
On 26 December 1985, Dian Fossey was hacked to death with a machete.
To this day, her murder remains unsolved. Redmond, who arrived at her cabin shortly after her death and says he could still see blood stains on the carpet, says that the investigation was poorly handled.
"There wasn't a scene-of-crime approach to it," he says. "People were tromping around, damaging footprints and evidence."
One thing was clear: whoever killed Fossey also ransacked her cabin as if looking for something, but did not take any valuables.
The obvious explanation is that she was killed by the poachers she had battled for so many years. But those who worked there dismiss this as a possibility.
Poachers were local hunters who had lived this way for decades, using any earnings to provide for their families. They knew that what they were doing was illegal, so they would stay out of sight, says Vedder.
"The last thing they wanted was a confrontation. I strongly believe, though no-one has evidence, it was not poachers. Poachers were rural people with few means, and did not know the camp well enough to be a threat to her."
Others believe local gold smugglers were responsible.
The Karisoke Research Center lies near Rwanda's borders with the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda, close to areas that have endured years of unrest. That made it an ideal route for smugglers. Reportedly, Fossey had evidence of this and the smugglers wanted to retrieve it.
Fossey knew her life was in danger and slept with a pistol near her bed. Many were surprised she had not been killed earlier, says Stewart. "She really did have enemies, her behaviour could be extreme, and violent things happen in that part of the world."
It was a fitting end to a life full of confrontations, says Stewart. "If Dian had been writing a movie script about her life, that's how she would have ended it. Being murdered in her cabin was like dying like the warrior she was…. I think she would have approved of that ending."
News of her death took a while to circulate back to those who knew her. Of her earlier colleagues, only Vedder happened to be in the country at the time. "I laid thistle and celery [gorilla food] on her grave," she recalls.
Shortly before she was killed, Fossey said to Stewart that there would be no mountain gorillas left within 15 years.
She was wrong. A census one year after her death revealed that their numbers had slowly but steadily been increasing.
Fossey was murdered before she could learn that her work had paved the way for mountain gorillas to begin recovering. Her research laid the foundations for much of what has since been learned about gorillas, allowing the creation of a successful and well-managed conservation and ecotourism industry.
The 1990s saw the horrors of the Rwandan genocide, but throughout this dreadful period the gorillas' numbers stayed relatively stable. "I think that's part of Dian's legacy, too," says Stewart. "I think she kept it going in the forest, if it [the research centre] hadn't been there so long, I think it's possible that the Mountain Gorilla Project wouldn't have started."
Even today, mountain gorillas are believed to be one of the few apes whose numbers are not in decline. They remain critically endangered, but the trend is upwards. An annual naming ceremony in November 2015 celebrated the birth of 24 new baby mountain gorillas.
In early 2016 a new census will reveal how their numbers have changed since the last surveys of the two populations, in 2010 and 2012, which put the total number at 880. Local vet Antoine "Tony" Mudakikwa, the first Rwandan vet to treat gorillas, says he is confident their numbers have gone up.
Arguably, despite all her faults and mistakes, Fossey deserves a lot of credit for the slow recovery of the mountain gorillas.
Despite her hostility towards the local government, the poachers and even her friends, and her reluctance to work with other conservationists, it was Fossey who first put the Rwandan mountain gorillas on the map.
"If people hadn't known about her from her National Geographic articles, when Digit was killed it wouldn't have made such a splash," says Stewart.
Fossey was buried in the Virunga mountains where she spent 18 years of her life. Next to her lies her "beloved Digit".


Findings: Only one in four students have a basic understanding of digital citizenship concepts. It only takes 3 class periods to raise understanding for the whole student body.
Only one in four students could answer "Yes" before the course, but after the Digital Wish training, nearly all students understood what it means to be a good Digital Citizen. "We saw incredible gains after just three class periods with the students in Nashua. Their understanding of Digital Citizenship translated immediately into safe practice." said Eric Bird, the program director.
After implementation of the Digital Citizenship curriculum, students in Windham Central Supervisory Union and Nashua School District saw the percentage of their students who understood Digital Citizenship triple and quadruple. This turnkey curriculum includes lesson plans, printable worksheets, activities, and a poster contest. The program teaches students and teachers about internet safety, media resources, and media copyright. Rapid gains were measured after just 3-4 class periods, and afterwards many students even considered themselves experts.
There was a significant increase in their understanding of rights and responsibilities on the internet, protecting their personal information, and treating other people on the internet with respect. Students' willingness to practice Digital Citizenship, as well as encourage others to do so, also doubled. The skills students gain from this simple yet critical course provide an important foundation for a lifetime of technology usage.
The Digital Citizenship curriculum is available for just $199 per school site license for the complete book / CD set. It includes videos, classroom-ready activities, lesson plans, printable worksheets, and a poster contest. For the full IT Curriculum click here.