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Pablo De Santis, né le  à Buenos Aires, est un écrivain, journaliste et scénariste argentin, également scénariste de bande dessinée et auteur de plusieurs romans policiers.

Biographie
Pablo De Santis fait des études supérieures en littérature à l'université de Buenos Aires, puis travaille comme journaliste et écrivain humoristique.

En 1987, il publie son premier roman, El palacio de la noche. Il donne ensuite une dizaine d'ouvrages pour les adolescents et plusieurs romans policiers où l'atmosphère est souvent empreinte de surnaturel, dont La Traduction (La traducción, 1997), Le Cercle des douze (El enigma de París, 2007) et Crimes et Jardins (Crímenes y Jardines, 2013). Le roman La Soif primordiale (Los anticuarios, 2010) appartient résolument à la littérature fantastique. Son roman El inventor de juegos a été adapté au cinéma en 2014 sous le titre The Games Maker. Le film a été réalisé par Juan Pablo Buscarini.

Il écrit en 1995 le scénario de la bande dessinée Rompecabezas, qui regroupe quelques-unes des caricatures dessinées avec l'illustrateur Max Cachimba pour le magazine Fierro, dont il est rédacteur en chef. En outre, il dirigé la collection Enedé, consacrée aux classiques de la bande dessinée argentine. Il a également fait paraître plusieurs essais sur la bande dessinée.

Pour la télévision, il écrit quelques scénarios et il est l'auteur de la mini-série Bajamar.

En 2014, il publie Trasnoche, un roman qui renoue avec la veine fantastique dans une tonalité plus sombre afin d'explorer les zones d'ombre de la vie quotidienne.

Œuvre

Romans

Série Juego
 El inventor de juegos (2003)
 El juego del laberinto (2011)

Autres romans
 El palacio de la noche (1987)
 La traducción (1997)
 Filosofía y Letras (1998)
 El teatro de la memoria (2000)
 El calígrafo de Voltaire (2001)
 La sexta lámpara (2005)
 El enigma de París (2007)
 Los anticuarios (2010)
 Crímenes y Jardines (2013)
 Trasnoche (2014)
 La hija del criptografo (2017) Publié en français aux éditions Métaillé sous le titre La fille du Cryptographe, 2018

Autres publications
 Historieta y política en los 80: La Argentina ilustrada (1992)
 Lucas Lenz y el Museo del Universo (1992)
 La sombra del dinosaurio (1992), illustrations de Fabián Slongo
 Astronauta solo (1993), en collaboration avec l'illustrateur Max Cachimba
 El último espía (1993)
 Pesadilla para hackers (1992), illustrations de Pez
 Transilvania express. Guía de vampiros y de monstruos (1994)
 Rico Tipo y las chicas de Divito (1995)
 Las plantas carnívoras (1995)
 Rompecabezas (1995), en collaboration avec l'illustrateur Max Cachimba
 Enciclopedia en la hoguera (1995), en collaboration avec l'illustrateur Max Cachimba
 Invenciones argentinas. Guía de las cosas que nunca existieron (1995)
 Páginas mezcladas (1997), en collaboration avec l'illustrateur Max Cachimba
 La historieta en la edad de la razón (1998)
 Rey secreto (2005), en collaboration avec l'illustrateur Max Cachimba
 Lucas Lenz y la mano del emperador (2006)
 El buscador de finales (2008)
 Desde el ojo del pez (2008)
 El Hipnotizador (2009), dessins de Juan Saenz Valiente

Adaptation
 2014 : The Games Maker, film italo-canado- argentin réalisé Juan Pablo Buscarini, d'après le roman El inventor de juegos (2003), avec Joseph Fiennes

Notes et références

Liens externes
 Biographie et bibliographie sur le site Babelio

Écrivain argentin
Auteur argentin de roman policier
Auteur argentin de littérature d'enfance et de jeunesse
Écrivain argentin de fantastique
Romancier argentin
Scénariste de télévision
Scénariste argentin de bande dessinée
Essayiste argentin
Naissance en février 1963
Naissance à Buenos Aires


Like all big names, Nintendo started small. In 1889, Fusajiro Yamauchi, the great grandfather of today's Nintendo president, founded Nintendo Koppai, to sell his special playing cards called "Hanafunda". Starting from 1969, Nintendo Co. Ltd., under the rule of the current president, began to produce toys and games. As the years passed, Nintendo grew bigger and bigger. Also, it started developing different games and platforms for them to run on. Some of these are the Game Boy, Nintendo 64, Visual Boy, Super Game Boy, Mario, Donkey Kong, Metroid, Pokemon and many others. Now that video games look more real, Nintendo wants to make them feel as real. In order to do so, Nintendo unveiled the next leap in video games with its upcoming Wii home console. This new console will allow users to manipulate the actions of the video game character.


This paper presents a high-power 240-290 GHz waveguide enclosed two-dimensional (2-D) grid heterostructure barrier varactor (HBV) frequency multiplier. A 35 mW of output power is produced at 247 GHz with an input power of 900 mW. The operational bandwidth is tunable within a 50 GHz span by the use of an input tuner able to adjust the input matching of the 2-D grid HBV frequency multiplier. Tuning is achieved by moving a suspended dielectric slab in the input waveguide.
The potential of terahertz imaging for cancer diagnosis: A review of investigations to date.


Jie Yu is a Tech Lead at Mesosphere, Inc, focused on containerization, storage and networking. Jie is an Apache Mesos PMC member and committer, and is the co-author and maintainer of the Container Storage Interface (CSI) spec. Before joining Mesosphere, Jie was a software engineer at Twitter. Jie obtained his PhD in Computer Science and Engineering from the University of Michigan. Jie has spoken at various academic and industry conferences like OSS Summit, QCon, MesosCon, OOPSLA, MICRO, etc.


Hotel White Palace Moldovakan is situated in Moldovakan Street 37/3 Building in Yerevan just in 6.7 km from the centre.
Here are offered the most popular services: smoke sauna, convenient airport transfer, car lot, internet services. Please be advised only cash is accepted for payment.
For tourists, comfortable accommodation is offered only one room type - double in the hotel.
Children and Extra Bed Policy Children cannot be accommodated at the hotel. All further adults are charged AMD 4500 per night for extra beds. The maximum number of extra beds in a room is 1.
Transfer from / to airport is free of charge. The staff is very friendly and immediately fulfils any request.


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tripp pickell
THE HIT LIST: September 14, 2015
It's Monday, and that means another fully loaded Hit List has arrived with loads of stunts and action. This week has a few late entries that I've been otherwise inspired to share, and I think you all will enjoy them in some capacity.
Of course, we're starting this off with a playlist that's nice and light, graced with stunt and martial arts reels. Fabio Santos kicks things off in fiery fashion next to Jason Wingham, "Kid Haru" himself – Devin White, early 2015 demo reel footage from Team Raffaelli, industry fight choreographer, actor and stuntman Tim Man and the latest awesome tricking reel from Team Emig's own Mackensi Emory (viewable only here).
Up next are a handful of trailers, a few of which are for foreign language projects on the way, and the first comes four years in the making from filmmaking duo David Vergne and Renaud Guin. Detour is the name of the short which focuses on three jewel burglars who discover a woman brutally beaten, and find themselves taking on a darker force of evil, and the short is currently in post production.
The second trailer hails all the way from Jose Manuel at North Compass, a familiar face I've already written about here at Film Combat Syndicate. His next potential webseries, Uncompromised, takes our hero on a quest to avenge his own death with symbolic enemies in the form of his own personal flaws. It's deep, deep stuff, although I'm certain the project will put all the pieces together when released.
Both projects have trailers below, including Detour which also comes with some cool character promo art. The other trailers include Rising Tiger Films's new action drama short, These Dog Days, and SG Action's long-awaited sci-fi time-travel gig, The Mantis!
DETOUR [2015] Official Release from Renaud Guin on Vimeo.
Now we get to the fighting, and as always, there's plenty of it in the following playlist. Star Wars is the way to here as we set off wity two new videos, one from Noah Fleder's Force Storm Entertainment, and Logan Cross's own short, The Force. Other fights include Tripp Pickell's latest test choreo sampler with cohort Shannan Leigh Yancsurak, Allie Marrie's kickass performance in Faux Fighting's latest "Showdown" serial addition, A Better Workout, Dardrex Productions's action comedy, Snatch And Grapple, Cinematic Fight Studio's latest client-ordered project, The Sting, and independent action director Bryan Sloyer's newest ode to Kurt Wimmer, Equilibrium: Gentlemen's Game!
Moving on to some longer-form shorts nearing the end of this week's Hit List, actor, dancer and filmmaker Jordan Cann released this newest drama, My Brother's Keeper, last week. It's the story of a friendship broken over a girl, and a rivalry that unfolds between three crews with a surprising twist at the end. Cann himself takes primarily on dance and so there's plenty of it here as well as a dash of fight choreography for good measure. Take a look!
And finally, we cap things off in award-winning fashion. Australian actor, writer and director David No is still making the rounds these days with his latest short, Battle Of Wills, hitting the festivals this Fall. In the meantime, it was in a private message on social media he shared his 2012 period sword drama, Forged, the story of an impetuous martial arts student who reflects on his ill-fated upbringing with his master on the night of their death duel. The project won a great share of awards throughout the world, including several festivals in the U.S. a few years ago during its run, and you can see them for yourself at the official fan page.
For now, enjoy Forged (special thanks to David for sending this one over!)
Of course, coming from the folks over at Bat In The Sun, we're bound sooner or later to find out how their next Superpower Beatdown will turn out. Their latest still is up and clearly this one looks to be a real Fall berzerker!…
Tune in to last week's Hit List and catch up on all you may have missed, and be sure to subscribe to the channels listed. More importantly though, if you're a filmmaker and you wish have your stunt reels or action shorts featured in a Hit List, shoot us an email at filmcombatsyndicate@gmail.com
SGT. KABUKIMAN L.A.P.D.: SING, DANCE, KILL Bows With Bloody Vengeance In The Latest Teaser

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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News - India-China hope to resolve Ladakh border dispute
India-China hope to resolve Ladakh border dispute
India-China hope to resolve Ladakh border dispute: The border dispute between India and China for months can be resolved in the coming days. According to a news report of Hindustan Times newspaper, there has been a discussion between the armies of the two countries about disengagement or withdrawal in East Ladakh.
If a mutual agreement is reached on this proposal, then it will be a major achievement in the order of negotiations going on for the last four months. In July, the army retreated to the Galvan Valley, but it did not happen in other areas.
According to the news, this proposal was discussed in the eighth phase of the Corps-Commander level in Chushul sector on 6th of this month.
An army official said that the proposal is being discussed and considered but has not been signed yet.
The situation with LAC on the Ladakh border between India and China has been tense for the past few months. Efforts are on to solve it through dialogue.
1 Uttar Pradesh: 50 lakh youth employed by March next year
2 Corona was more effective than demonetisation in creating a cashless economy
3 Russia claims Sputnik V up to 92% effective on Covid patients.
Uttar Pradesh: 50 lakh youth employed by March next year
Uttar Pradesh government is going to give employment to 50 lakh youth by March next year. The state government has set a target of giving more than 50 lakh jobs by March 2021.
According to an official, jobs will be given under 'Mission Rojgar'. A plan has been prepared for this.
According to the news of Indian Express, a help desk will be created with this scheme which will make information available to the people. Under this scheme, youth will not only get an opportunity in government departments, in councils, corporations but also in the private sector.
Corona was more effective than demonetisation in creating a cashless economy
The goal of the cashless economy has been greatly strengthened during the Coronavirus infection. Demonetisation made to make the Indian economy cashless has not been as successful as it was in this era of success.
According to Dainik Bhaskar's news, during this period of Corona epidemic, the trend of digital transactions has increased very fast. A survey by the community, social media platform LocalSircles, claimed that the number of cash transactions has reduced by almost half in the year 2020 compared to 2019.
The reason behind this is that in the era of Corona epidemic, most people did online shopping and paid for it digitally. Also, due to fear of infection, people used less and less cash.
Russia claims Sputnik V up to 92% effective on Covid patients.
Russia has claimed that according to the results of interim tests, Sputnik V vaccine is effective up to 92 per cent in protecting people from corona infection.
According to the news of Financial Express, Russia's Sovereign Health Fund gave this information on Wednesday.
The Russian Direct Investment Fund, a company marketing Sputnik V, said the interim results were based on trial data on 16,000 people who were given two shots of a two-dose vaccine.
The trial was assessed after the symptoms of Kovid-19 in 20 participants involved in the trial.
The Russian Direct Investment Fund has issued a statement saying that the trial will continue for another six months and the data that will come out thereafter will be published after the review.
TagsIndia China Bilateral Trade 2018-19 India-China


The "Summer Brain Drain," also known as the "Summer Slide," is a parent's worst nightmare. It's when your child's months of hard work–hours upon hours of math homework, late nights working on science projects, and car rides spent quizzing history flashcards–all begin to slip away. It's a decay in learning, which then can have a domino effect on a child's physical, emotional and social development.
Ever wonder how knowledge retention works? Here's what we know. Skills deteriorate over time at a rate determined by the specified task, predicted by the individual's original level of learning. Therefore, the method yielding the highest initial learning level will lead to the highest level of skill retention over time. When summer break rolls around, learning takes a dramatic stop. In just a short amount of time the "Summer Brain Drain" begins and so begins the downward snowball in development areas.
The Problem: Children gain weight nearly twice as fast over the summer because they are snacking more often, many times out of boredom or lack of proper supervision. At the same time, many children are also less active over the summer because they sleep in longer, watch TV longer, play video games longer, etc. Although it may seem like they are more active over the summer, the lack of structure contributes to weight gain.
The Solution: Even just two days of structured physical activity, like martial arts, over the summer can have a dramatic positive effect on children's physical activities at home. They will feel more energized and, therefore, more likely to engage in other physical activities throughout the summer.
The Problem: To be blunt, the "Summer Brain Drain" is what happens when kids spend the summer months without learning or practicing their skills, leading them to fall behind on measures of learning and academic achievements. During the school year teachers, assistants, and counselors are focused on helping children learn and grow. But what happens during the summer season when these people are not around? A decline in cognitive development.
The Solution: Child psychologists state that children who maintain some sense of a structured activity during the summer, like martial arts, do better in the initial months of the new academic school year. Martial Arts training through the summer reinforces a time commitment, necessity to practice, reminds students to follow through, and gives them the learning environment they need to reinforce the skills they're learning, which in turn strengthens their retention of academic knowledge.
The Problem: When the school year ends, children lose a lot of key contributors that boost self-esteem…teachers, counselors, coaches, etc. This leads to less confidence entering the back to school season. Children that lose self-esteem over the summer enter the new school season with many fears associated with making new friends, meeting new teachers, and bullying.
The Solution: Structured martial arts classes provide a great environment for building children's emotional development in a manner that is positive and productive, helping to ensure confidence, self-esteem, and emotional well-being.
The Problem: Children that do not have proper social development over the summer tend to misbehave when they enter the new school season. At the same time, children that do not have sufficient positive social interaction over the summer enter the new school season with more anxiety.
The Solution: Martial Arts classes include daily classroom activities that strengthen children's emotional outlook. In fact, children that are more confident enter the new school season excited about all of the wonderful opportunities that schooling has to offer!
Many people have an image of summer being a carefree happy time where "kids can be kids," and take for granted the benefits of enriching experiences from organized activities. Even just two times per week in a structured program can make a tremendous difference in a child's intellectual development over the summer, which ultimately helps with their physical, emotional, and social development as well. Do your research and find a program provides these benefits in a manner that is also fun so that kids can still be kids and not lose that carefree and happy summer lifestyle.


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Capital Yorkshire
Appeal To Catch Killer Ten Years On From Barnsley Arson
8 September 2011, 13:36 | Updated: 30 March 2016, 13:50
Ten years after a Barnsley teenager was killed in a house fire detectives are still trying to trace who did it.
Seventeen-year-old Lindsey, died after a fire was started deliberately in the house where she was staying.
South Yorkshire Police have worked on this case over the last ten years and made several arrests, however, no-one has yet been charged with her murder.
It happened on Saturday, 8 September 2001, Lindsey was staying with friends at 86 Milgate Street, Royston.
At around 4.30am, a fire was started deliberately at the door of the house. Lindsey was rescued by fire fighters from the first floor of the house, however she had already suffered from the fire and smoke fumes. After she was revived, she was taken to Barnsley District Hospital and then transferred to the Royal Hallamshire in Sheffield for specialist treatment. She suffered 18 per cent burns and smoke inhalation.
Late on Monday, 10 September 2001 Lindsey Chezine Scholes, from Queens Way in Royston, sadly died in the Royal Hallamshire from injuries caused as a result of the fire.
Detectives believe accelerants were used to start the fire and there was no clear motive for the attack.
A number of people have been arrested in connection with this investigation but so far, no-one has been charged with Lindsey's murder.
Speaking earlier today Lindsey's mum Jackie said:
'I am hoping that this anniversary of my daughter's murder will trigger people's memories and someone will come forward with information to help police.
'Me and my family grieve for our Lindsey everyday; we feel the horrific loss and the gap she has left in all our lives. It's been very difficult to come to terms with the circumstances in which we lost our Lindsey and time has not been a healer, especially as we don't know who started the fire and why.
'When I go anywhere in Royston, like to the shops, I don't feel comfortable, I wonder if Lyndsey's killer is nearby and do they know I'm her mum. I think someone living locally must know something that can help - help the police and help me through this nightmare.
'I see Lindsey's friends - all grown up and now having children of their own and I wonder if I'd have been a grandma by now. It's heartbreaking that Lindsey never had the chance, to get married, to have children, all this was taken away the night of the fire.
'Lindsey was a fantastic young woman, full of life and loved her family and friends. She deserves justice and we owe it to her, to do all we can to get the justice she deserves.
'Think how you would feel if this was your daughter, your granddaughter, your sister that had died like this. How would you feel? What would you be going through?
'It's been ten years, but please think back to the night of the fire and contact police if you remember anything, anything that could help.'
Senior Investigating Officer, Detective Superintendent James Abdy said:
'During the late evening of Friday 7th September 2001, a party took place at 86 Milgate Street, in the Royston area of Barnsley. This continued into the early hours of the Saturday 8th September, which was ten years ago today.
'17 year old Lindsey Scholes had been temporarily living at that address and was at the party with many other local youngsters.
'Around 4:30am, after the party had finished, a fire was started deliberately at the door of 86 Milgate Street and spread into the house where Lindsey was sleeping. Her two friends escaped from an upstairs window and fire fighters forced entry to the house to rescue Lindsey.
'Unfortunately, Lindsey was uncouscious and it is possible that Lindsey knew the person or people that started the fire. Historically, a number of people were arrested in connection with this investigation but so far, no-one has been charged with Lindsey's murder.
'This incident has, and continues to have a significant impact on Lindsey's family and the community of Royston. South Yorkshire Police remain determined to bring the person responsible for Lindsey's death to justice.
'As with any unsolved major investigations, this case has been regularly reviewed and we are appealing to the public for information on the ten year anniversary.
'I am specifically appealing to people who were in Royston at the time, regardless of whether or not they still live in the area. I know asking people to remember the events from ten years ago is not easy, but think back, this was the weekend before the 9/11 terrorist attacks.
'Were you in Milgate Street that Friday night or the early hours of that Saturday morning? Have you overheard anyone talk about this terrible crime? Perhaps the offender may have confided in you ten years ago and you were too scared to come forward.
'People's lives change, relationships breakdown and they move on. Lindsey's family cannot.
'There is a good chance that the answer to this case rests in the local community. All we need is that vital piece of information that may assist us to get justice for Lindsey and her family.'


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Hans Stangassinger (ur. 5 stycznia 1960 w Berchtesgaden) – niemiecki saneczkarz reprezentujący RFN, mistrz olimpijski, medalista mistrzostw świata i Europy.

Kariera
Największy sukces w karierze osiągnął w styczniu 1984 roku, kiedy w parze z Franzem Wembacherem zdobył złoty medal w dwójkach podczas igrzysk olimpijskich w Sarajewie. Był to jednak jego jedyny występ olimpijski. Ponadto zdobywał też brązowe medale w tej konkurencji na mistrzostwach świata w Hammarstrand (1981), mistrzostwach Europy w Winterbergu (1982) i mistrzostwach świata w Lake Placid (1983), a podczas mistrzostw Europy w Olang (1984) był drugi. Zajął też drugie miejsce w klasyfikacji generalnej Pucharu Świata w dwójkach w sezonie 1982/1983, a w sezonie 1980/1981 zajął trzecie miejsce.

Osiągnięcia

Igrzyska olimpijskie

Puchar Świata

Miejsca na podium w klasyfikacji generalnej

Bibliografia
 Profil na The-Sports.org

Medaliści Zimowych Igrzysk Olimpijskich 1984
Niemieccy medaliści olimpijscy
Niemieccy saneczkarze
Ludzie urodzeni w Berchtesgaden
Urodzeni w 1960

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: Write User Authentication from Scratch or use a Gem - Rails? I'm interested in hearing your thoughts and opinions on what you prefer and why? If you were planning on writing a user authentication system for your ruby on rails website would you write from bottom to top or would you be using a gem like authlogic, devise, restful_ authentication etc etc etc?

A: It depends on what you want to achieve.
If you know what you're doing and just need the functionality, why reinvent the wheel? I have used devise a lot and think it is a perfect standard authentication system.
However, if you are either still learning Rails or only getting to know the principles of authentication systems, it is probably best to first build one yourself from scratch. As it says in devise's documentation:

If you are building your first Rails application, we recommend you to not use Devise. Devise requires a good understanding of the Rails Framework. In such cases, we advise you to start a simple authentication system from scratch, today we have two resources:

Michael Hartl's online book: http://railstutorial.org/chapters/modeling-and-viewing-users-two#top
Ryan Bates' Railscast: http://railscasts.com/episodes/250-authentication-from-scratch

Once you have solidified your understanding of Rails and authentication mechanisms, we assure you Devise will be very pleasant to work with. :)

A: I would suggest you use the Devise GEM, because there's no point of reinventing the wheel and Devise has lot of flexiblity and extensibility.
Have a look at the https://github.com/plataformatec/devise for the gem inclusion and you can view the HOW TO's at https://github.com/plataformatec/devise/wiki/_pages
Good luck with your project.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Naturalising as a British citizen: the lawful resi...
Credit: Jim Larrison on Flickr
24th September 2018 By Colin Yeo
Hubs / Nationality / Naturalising as a British citi ...
Naturalising as a British citizen: the lawful residence requirement
An adult who is not a British citizen can apply to become one. This process is known as naturalisation.
People will normally be eligible to apply for naturalisation under section 6 of the British Nationality Act 1981 if they meet certain requirements. These include residence requirements.
The basic residence requirement is that applicants have to have spent a certain period of time in the UK before they are eligible to apply for citizenship:
Three years' residence for spouses of British citizens
Five years' residence for non spouses
There are also other aspects to the residence requirements for naturalisation:
Only a certain number of absences from the UK are permitted during those periods
The residence must be lawful
The person must have been present in the UK five years before the application date
The person must be free of immigration restrictions, usually meaning possession of indefinite leave to remain or permanent residence (because both of these generally take five years, that makes the minimum residence period five years in practice even for spouses)
This post looks at the requirement that residence in the UK must be lawful.
Any time spent in the UK while in breach of immigration law will not count towards the qualifying residence period. Where residence in breach of immigration laws does occur, it will reset the clock and the residence period restarts once residence becomes lawful again.
What counts as a breach of immigration laws?
The official nationality guidance confirms that any person who has entered the United Kingdom but does not have leave to enter or remain is deemed, for the purposes of the British Nationality Act 1981, to be in the UK in breach of the immigration laws.
The BNA 1981 specifically and exhaustively defines "in breach of immigration laws" at section 50A as a person who is
in the United Kingdom;
does not have the right of abode in the United Kingdom within the meaning of section 2 of the Immigration Act 1971;
does not have leave to enter or remain in the United Kingdom (whether or not the person previously had leave);
does not have a qualifying Common Travel Area entitlement;
is not entitled to reside in the United Kingdom by virtue of any provision made under section 2(2) of the European Communities Act 1972 (whether or not the person was previously entitled);
is not entitled to enter and remain in the United Kingdom by virtue of section 8(1) of the Immigration Act 1971 (crew) (whether or not the person was previously entitled); and
does not have the benefit of an exemption under section 8(2) to (4) of that Act (diplomats, soldiers and other special cases) (whether or not the person previously had the benefit of an exemption).
The Home Office guidance document Naturalisation as a British citizen by discretion helpfully sets out those who are not considered to be in the UK in breach of immigration law:
People with the right of abode in the UK;
People with leave to enter or remain;
Citizens of the Republic of Ireland who last arrived in the UK on a local journey from the Republic of Ireland;
People who are entitled to reside in the UK without leave under EU law as extended by the European Economic Area Agreement;
Crew of ships or aircraft;
People who are exempt from immigration control;
People who have disembarked at a United Kingdom port but are still in the immigration control area or have been detained or given "temporary admission" pending a formal decision on their eligibility to enter.
In addition, where a person makes a valid and in-time immigration application their leave is extended by section 3C of the Immigration Act 1971
until the decision is served or the application is withdrawn
while an appeal could be brought
while an appeal is pending
This can be a complex area of law and legal advice may be needed if there is an issue around whether section 3C leave existed or not.
When might discretion be exercised despite a breach?
There are some requirements for naturalisation which are set in stone and which cannot be overlooked or waived by Home Office officials even if they are sympathetic. There are other requirements which officials are empowered by the statute to waive. This is referred to as a "discretion".
eBook Naturalising as a British citizen: a guide
Full guide to the requirements and process for naturalising as a British citizen, including where the Home Office will show flexibility and where not. Case studies included throughout.
Residence not in breach of immigration laws is one such requirement which can be waived.
Officials are instructed by their guidance that discretion should only be exercised where the reasons for the breach "were clearly outside the individual's control, or if the breach was genuinely inadvertent and short".
Examples are given in the guidance to officials:
the breach occurred at a time when the applicant was a minor whose parents failed to obtain or renew their leave
the applicant was a victim of domestic violence whose abusive partner prevented the renewal of leave
the applicant had made an 'in-time' application, but the application was rejected and so they became in breach
this is provided there is no reason to doubt that the form was submitted in good faith and a fresh application was submitted within 28 days of the rejection and before 24 November 2016
the person had made a late application for leave to remain which was subsequently granted and either the:
application was not submitted more than 28 days after the expiry of their previous leave and before 24 November 2016
application was not submitted after more than 28 days overstaying if it was an asylum application
person had a period of more than 28 days between their leave expiring and them making a new application and there were exceptional circumstances such as a family illness or bereavement
period of overstaying ended on or after 24 November 2016 and leave was granted in accordance with paragraph 39E of the Immigration Rules
the person arrived the UK clandestinely but either presented themself without delay to the immigration authorities or was detected by the immigration authorities shortly after arrival:
the maximum period involved should normally be 1 month, but may be longer if there are extenuating circumstances
in these cases you can waive the breach that occurred from entry until the person's first application for leave or asylum was determined, provided the application was granted
an application for asylum or leave to remain was refused but was later acknowledged to be an incorrect decision and the appropriate leave was granted
Discretion will never be exercised by the Home Office where the breach was "both substantial and deliberate". As far as the Home Office is concerned, this includes where a person unsuccessfully attempted to apply for leave to remain in the UK then remained unlawfully, or in cases of unlawful residence leading to a grant of leave under the former 14-year rule or a concession. An exception may be made where the person was granted refugee status as a result. By extension the same approach would probably be applied to periods of unlawful residence ending in regularisation under the private life sections of the Immigration Rules.
Curtis entered the UK as a visitor and overstayed. He later applied for leave to remain on the basis of 14 years of long residence and was granted Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR).
Although Curtis might possess ILR and have resided in the UK for more than five years, none of the residence prior to the grant of ILR will be counted by the Home Office towards his qualifying period for naturalisation. In effect, the "clock" starts from when he was granted ILR.
Curtis faces an additional problem in the shape of the good character test. This excludes someone in Curtis's position from successfully applying for naturalisation for ten years from the latest breach of immigration law.
The Home Office takes the view that EEA nationals physically present in the UK but who do not have a right of residence under Directive 2004/38 are resident in breach of immigration laws. This is made clear in Home Office policy document European Economic Area (EEA) and Swiss nationals: free movement rights. Page 27 sets out examples of how this approach is considered by the Home Office to work in practice:
This page provides example scenarios on when a European Economic Area (EEA) national is considered in breach of the immigration laws for the purposes of the British Nationality Act 1981 (BNA 1981).
Paolo, an Italian citizen, came to the UK for employment in 1997. He voluntarily left work on 1 December 2000. No deportation or removal order was made against him, and he has remained without any right of residence under community law [meaning EU law], and without leave, ever since. Paolo has been in the UK in breach of the immigration laws only since 7 November 2002, when section 11 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 came into force. His residence here between 1 December 2000 and 6 November 2002, although unauthorised, should not be regarded as a breach.
Sabine, a French citizen, enrolled as a student in October 1990. Her course ended in June 1993. She then remained in the UK without leave and without any entitlement under community law. No deportation or removal order was made against her. In 1996 she commenced employment, and this has continued to the present day. Sabine should not be treated as having been in the UK in breach of the immigration laws at any time.
Colette, a Belgian citizen, came to the UK for a holiday in August 2003 but then remained without permission or entitlement under community law. Any residence in the UK after her entitlement under community law came to an end was residence in breach of the immigration laws.
Whether the Home Office approach is correct as a matter of law is questionable. It could be argued that Articles 20 and 21 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union give a right to be physically present in another member state. However, any legal challenge is likely to be stressful and expensive; success can never be guaranteed.
This post is an edited extract from the Free Movement ebook "Naturalising as a British citizen: a guide". The ebook covers all the criteria for naturalisation with worked examples of common issues. It is available to download free to members, or for £9.99 for non-members.
Tags: key post, naturalisation, residence requirements
Tagskey postnaturalisationresidence requirements
Stop denying citizenship to British-born kids, government told
Interview: John Vassiliou on the good character test
Should refugees who entered the UK illegally be denied British citizenship on good character grounds?


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Basu: Purge appears to be effort to suppress Latino voters
Rekha Basu
Iowa's Democratic attorney general and Republican secretary of state made a show of solidarity last month in announcing they were fighting a lawsuit that challenges the emergency powers the secretary of state has given himself to purge registered voters he isn't convinced are U.S. citizens.
"We're working together here to make sure that people who are not eligible to vote don't vote," said Attorney General Tom Miller.
The unusual accord at a time when Democrats and Republicans elsewhere are at loggerheads over challenges to minority voting rights helped deflect concerns that some sinister vote-suppression effort was going on. But on a closer look, Miller's endorsement might just be a function of his job description, to defend the state against challenges. There actually might be a sinister vote-suppression effort going on.
The emergency rules Schultz approved quietly and unilaterally allow him to challenge people's eligibility to vote if one of two government lists flag them as noncitizens. But as Schultz was warned by a federal official in charge of one list, there are good reasons the lists can be wrong.
One of the lists is of licensed Iowa drivers, and it shows who wasn't a citizen when he or she got licensed. Checking those names against registered voters, Schultz claims 3,582 people marked as noncitizens are registered to vote in Iowa.
But a driver's license is good for five years. What Schultz didn't say, and maybe didn't know, is that in the five years ending last Sept. 30, 11,492 Iowans became U.S. citizens.
He's also negotiating with the federal government for access to the Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements list, which is intended for government agencies to determine if immigrants are eligible for benefits, such as food stamps. Officials there have written to Schultz saying that using it to verify citizenship has significant limitations since the office doesn't have access to birth certificates — only naturalization information.
Beginning with a presumption of guilt is not what the Constitution intended. Sadly, this has the appearance of a fishing expedition designed to keep Latino immigrants — who tend to vote Democratic — from voting. Iowa is a swing state, after all.
A Common Cause report, "Bullies at the Ballot Box," looks at vote-suppression efforts in 10 other states where elections could be close. In Colorado this week the Republican secretary of state decided not to pursue a voter purge after almost 90 percent of the suspected noncitizens he identified turned out to be legal voters. Florida's Republican governor launched a similar effort to investigate 180,000 suspicious voter names, resulting in 2,600 being removed from voter rolls. All but 207 of those were eligible voters.


Everyone is welcome to join the Sports Day on Friday November 3rd! Our kids will have fun competing in all kinds of sport activities while parents can enjoy the day off watching them. We will have a bake sale and also Cougar Pride items will be sold at the event. Please sign up if you want to help at the bake sale or if you plan to bring some baked goods.
Please join us this Thursday November 2nd from 8:30 at PSG November Coffee Morning. This time we will have a lot of space to chat and also to discuss upcoming Christmas Bazaar. Snacks are provided by families from the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
TIME TO GO THROUGH YOUR CLOSET AND CUPBOARDS!
Saint Maur Christmas Bazaar is here in less than a month!
Please spread the word and get involved in PSG biggest fundraiser of the year.
Poster made by Yukari Homma.
Tickets for this year's High School Drama Club production of "A Midsummer Night's Dream" will go on sale at the school store from October 9th until November 10th for the special discount price of 1,000 yen for adults and 500 yen for students. If you go to both shows, there is an even greater discount of 1,500 yen for adults and 700 yen for students for both performances. However, if you wait until after November 10th, the price increases to 2,000 yen for adults and 1,000 yen for students, so buy your tickets now. This version of "A Midsummer Night's Dream" is set in contemporary and mythological Japan and features a moving bamboo forest amongst many other visual delights. Don't miss out on this spectacular show!
On October 5, 2017 PSG members gathered in the cafeteria to hear presentations about emergency preparedness. Giles Gaury, the school's Public Relations Director, gave a presentation outlining steps that all families can take to prepare for disaster. Gayatry Ghatwai, a Saint Maur parent, shared her harrowing experiences following the 2011 earthquake.
Thank you to Gayatry for her riveting presentation, and to the Indian mothers who provided delicious snacks.
This Thursday, October 5, 2017 please join us in the school cafeteria for this month's PSG coffee morning. The theme is Emergency Preparedness, and we will hear from a Saint Maur parent who lived through the March 2011 earthquake.
Snacks will be provided by Indian moms.
Wednesday, October 4 through Friday, October 6 are picture days! Each student will have his or her photo taken for the yearbook, and we ask for parent volunteers to help straighten uniforms, neaten messy hair, and help the teachers and photographers with their busy schedule.


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+3 Interview: The Song of Lunch
Posted in Plus 3 2018, Plus 3 2018 – Features, Written Interviews	by Dan Lentell
"It is staged with cartoon animation by Charles Peattie, gorgeous black and white silhouettes which, because The Song Of Lunch is a retelling of the Orpheus myth, uses imagery from Greek pots."
WHO: Robert Bathurst, Producer
WHAT: "Robert Bathurst (Cold Feet, Downton Abbey, Toast of London) and Rebecca Johnson (The Trip, The Flood) star in this hilarious and poignant drama of a disastrous attempt to rekindle lost love. Set in a Soho Italian restaurant, Costa Award winner Christopher Reid's verse comedy is exquisitely intertwined with glorious animations by Charles Peattie (Alex cartoon, Daily Telegraph) in this bittersweet tragi-comedy of love, loss and Chianti. Directed by Jason Morell. 'Robert Bathurst is a class act and a master of nuance' (Herald). 'A beautiful comic actor' (Financial Times)."
WHERE: Pleasance Courtyard – Forth (Venue 33)
WHEN: 14:20 (60 min)
MORE: Click Here!
Is this your first time to Edinburgh?
I was here when I was a student, doing revues. It had the same manic atmosphere but was less shiny and efficient than it is today, with few performance hubs and no instant ticketing. There was an attractive handmade griminess, cut n paste publicity, a greater sense of amateurs winging it, and the coffee would simply not be acceptable to today's crowd. Decaff, soy latte, extra shot please.
What's the biggest thing to have happened to you since Festivals '17?
I've done another series of Cold Feet for ITV.
Tell us about your show.
The poet Christopher Reid wrote a book, The Song Of Lunch, as a comic antidote to his previous publication, A Scattering, written in tribute to his late wife and finding some resolution in grief. Both are in verse, both are about love and loss and I thought I could stage them together. Christopher has let me.
I'm trying out The Song Of Lunch at this Festival. It is staged with cartoon animation by Charles Peattie, gorgeous black and white silhouettes which, because The Song Of Lunch is a retelling of the Orpheus myth, uses imagery from Greek pots.
I got funding from the Arts Council and the Jerwood Foundation to help make the animation and, after a short trial run at Chichester, this is the first time I'm presenting it for critical opinion. I've put together a really skilful and committed production team, the show's a two-hander with the wonderful Rebecca Johnson and we'll see how it goes. With luck people will begin to realise that Christopher Reid is one of our finest living writers.
What should your audience see at the festivals after they've seen your show?
Tim Key, John Hegley, Arthur Smith (who'll be getting a statue soon), Su Pollard, Esther Rantzen, Margo, Avocado. And all those whispers.
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INTERESTED IN BEING INTERVIEWED TOO? CLICK HERE!
EdFringe, Pleasance Courtyard, The Song of Lunch
« +3 Interview: The Extraordinary Time-Travelling Adventures of Baron Munchausen
+3 Interview: Mad Women in My Attic! »


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Gyrodactylus gondae is a species of monogenean ectoparasites. It was found in Pomatoschistus minutus and Pomatoschistus lozanoi in European coastal waters.

See also
 Gyrodactylus flavescensis
 Gyrodactylus arcuatoides
 Gyrodactylus branchialis

References

Animals described in 2004
gondae


On 12/04/00, SSA published SSR 00-4p, "Titles II and XVI: Use of Vocational Expert and Vocational Specialist Evidence, and Other Reliable Occupational Information in Disability Decisions." This ruling is published in its entirety in DI 25015.030B.
Social Security Act, as amended; 20 CFR Part 404, sections 404.1566-404.1569, 20 CFR Part 404, subpart P, appendix 2, Sec. 200.00(b), and 20 CFR Part 416, sections 416.966-416.969.
Does the individual's impairment(s) prevent him or her from performing other work that exists in the national economy, considering his or her RFC together with the "vocational factors" of age, education, and work experience? If so, we find that the individual is disabled. If not, we find that he or she is not disabled.
The regulations at 20 CFR 404.1566(d) and 416.966(d) provide that we take administrative notice of "reliable job information" available from various publications, including the DOT. In addition, as provided in 20 CFR 404.1566(e) and 416.966(e), we use VEs and VSs as sources of occupational evidence in certain cases.
Questions have arisen about how we ensure that conflicts between occupational evidence provided by a VE or VS and information in the DOT (including its companion publication, the SCO) are resolved. Therefore, we are issuing this ruling to clarify our standards for identifying and resolving such conflicts.
Neither the DOT nor the VE or VS evidence automatically "trumps" when there is a conflict. The adjudicator must resolve the conflict by determining if the explanation given by the VE or VS is reasonable and provides a basis for relying on the VE or VS testimony rather than on the DOT information.
Evidence from VEs or VSs can include information not listed in the DOT. The DOT contains information about most, but not all, occupations. The DOT's occupational definitions are the result of comprehensive studies of how similar jobs are performed in different workplaces. The term "occupation," as used in the DOT, refers to the collective description of those jobs. Each occupation represents numerous jobs. Information about a particular job's requirements or about occupations not listed in the DOT may be available in other reliable publications, information obtained directly from employers, or from a VE's or VS's experience in job placement or career counseling.
Although there may be a reason for classifying the exertional demands of an occupation (as generally performed) differently than the DOT (e.g., based on other reliable occupational information), the regulatory definitions of exertional levels are controlling. For example, if all available evidence (including VE testimony) establishes that the exertional demands of an occupation meet the regulatory definition of "medium" work (20 CFR 404.1567 and 416.967), the adjudicator may not rely on VE testimony that the occupation is "light" work.
The DOT lists a specific vocational preparation (SVP) time for each described occupation. Using the skills level definitions in 20 CFR 404.1568 and 416.968, unskilled work corresponds to an SVP of 1-2; semi-skilled work corresponds to an SVP of 3-4; and skilled work corresponds to an SVP of 5-9 in the DOT.
EFFECTIVE DATE: This ruling is effective on the date of its publication in the Federal Register. The clarified standard stated in this ruling with respect to inquiring about possible conflicts applies on the effective date of the ruling to all claims for disability benefits in which a hearing before an ALJ has not yet been held, or that is pending a hearing before an ALJ on remand. The clarified standard on resolving identified conflicts applies to all claims for disability or blindness benefits on the effective date of the ruling.
CROSS-REFERENCES: SSR 82-41, "Titles II and XVI: Work Skills and their Transferability as Intended by the Expanded Vocational Factors Regulations Effective February 26, 1979," SSR 82-61, "Titles II and XVI: Past Relevant Work—The Particular Job or the Occupation as Generally Performed," SSR 82-62, "Titles II and XVI: A Disability Claimant's Capacity to Do Past Relevant Work, In General," SSR 83-10, "Titles II and XVI: Determining Capability to Do Other Work—The Medical-Vocational Rules of Appendix 2," SSR 83-12, "Titles II and XVI: Capability to Do Other Work—The Medical-Vocational Rules as a Framework for Evaluating Exertional Limitations Within a Range of Work or Between Ranges of Work," SSR 83-14, "Titles II and XVI: Capability to Do Other Work—The Medical-Vocational Rules as a Framework for Evaluating a Combination of Exertional and Nonexertional Impairments," and SSR 85-15, "Titles II and XVI: Capability to Do Other Work—The Medical-Vocational Rules as a Framework for Evaluating Solely Nonexertional Impairments"; AR 90-3(4), 837 F.2d 635 (4 Cir. 1987)-Use of Vocational Experts or Other Vocational Specialist in Determining Whether a Claimant Can Perform Past Relevant Work—Titles II and XVI of the Social Security Act; Program Operations Manual System, Part 04, sections DI 25001.001, DI 25005.001, DI 25020.001 through DI 25020.015, and DI 25025.001 through DI25025.005.


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Author Archives: mikeelphick
About mikeelphick
I'm a retired engineer and writer, editor, and publisher of technical magazines and web sites. I'm now trying to write fiction and play jazz.
CHARITY BEGINS OVERSEAS
Posted on March 16, 2018 by mikeelphick
It was a sunny Monday afternoon, and Faith Edwards was knitting in her front room. Seated in a wooden rocking chair with a giant yellow cushion on the seat, she flashed the steel needles rapidly while drawing from a ball of blue wool in her lap. Patches, her Calico cat, was curled up on a wooden chest in front of the window, warming herself in the sunshine and watching passersby outside. Bonnie, her son's black-and-white Collie dog, crouched on the front lawn waiting for her master to return from school.
Suddenly, Bonnie barked and ran to the gate to greet young Tommy. The boy patted Bonnie and latched the gate behind him. The dog chased after him as he entered the house via the back door for which he had a key. After grabbing a glass of juice and giving the dog a treat, he found his mother in the front room.
"What are you knitting, mum?"
"This will be a pair of socks, son."
"Great, I need some new socks–mine all have holes in them."
"They're not for you Tommy. They're for a charity."
"Oh! What charity?"
"They're for the shoeless natives of Antigua."
"That's weird, mum. If they're shoeless why do they need socks? Do they run around on the beach wearing just socks?"
"No, Tommy. We also contribute whatever we can to buy shoes for them."
"Wow, mum! Grandma should have named you 'Charity'. Like they say, 'you have faith, hope and charity, but the greatest of these is charity'."
"Be nice son. You have to be ready to give to people in need. And you have to learn to take care of yourself. I'll show you how to darn the holes in your socks."
A couple of days later, the front door bell rang with the sound of church bells (a chime chosen by Faith's husband Charles, who was a bell ringer in the local Anglican Church). Standing on the doorstep were a tall man in a grey suit, and a woman in a police uniform. Both showed their identification cards, and the man made the introductions:
"Good morning ma'am. I'm Detective Inspector Nigel Johnson, from Scotland Yard, and this is Constable Kathleen Connor from your local CID. We're investigating some narcotics smuggling linked to local gang activity. We have a few questions, as you may be able to help us with our inquiry."
"Certainly, come inside. But we don't have any major criminals in this town. The last celebrity crook from Redhill was the fellow who organized the Great Train Robbery about forty years ago."
"Well things may have taken a turn for the worse Mrs. Edwards. Do you know a fellow named Juan Gonzalez?"
"I don't think I've ever met anybody with that name. How am I supposed to know him?"
"Well, we have a check for five pounds, signed by you and made out to Juan Gonzalez."
"Oh, now I remember. That was a contribution to a church charity, and they told us to make out the checks to Mr. Gonzalez."
"In the memo column it says, "For AA". What is that, Alcoholics Anonymous?"
"No, it's Antigua Aid. The money buys shoes for the shoeless natives."
"What church organized that charity?"
"It's called the Unitarian Universalist Society."
"What denomination is that?"
"It's not any denomination, its ecumenical. They take people of all faiths: Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Hindu, Buddhist, etc. It's more like a social club than a church. I used to go to Saint John's with my husband, because he's a bell ringer there. But I didn't like some of the policies of their
Women's Institute. So several of us left and joined the new church. I found out about it from my friend Rachel Bierman. She is Jewish but all her friends are Christians. So she felt more comfortable in the Universalist church."
"Well, Mrs. Edwards, the new church may not be as charitable or as innocent as you believe it to be. The Customs authority detained Senor Gonzalez at Gatwick Airport for smuggling some hashish from Antigua. Your charitable contributions seem to have partially financed this operation."
"What happened to the socks?"
"Socks…?"
"Yes. We knitted socks for the shoeless natives of Antigua."
"Really? The gang probably just dumped them. Though, come to think of it, some of the boxes of hashish were labeled "Socks." But customs X-Rayed the boxes and saw tablets and vials inside. So they opened the boxes as they thought they might contain opiates—which are a major concern right now."
"Are these gangsters dangerous?"
"Yes. Though I don't think they will harm you as you're not really a threat to them. However, we'll have the local police watch your house and patrol the neighborhood regularly. Here's my card. I'm staying locally for the next couple of weeks. Give me a call if these thugs bother you, or if you think of anything that might be helpful."
That afternoon started out as usual. Faith was knitting again, but this time she was making smaller socks—the right size for Tommy. The cat was curled up in front of the window, and Bonnie the Collie was waiting for her master on the front lawn. Then Faith heard a loud 'Rat-tat-tat-tat' which she later learned was gunfire from an automatic rifle. The front window collapsed, and Faith dove for the floor, crawling away from the window. The cat scooted towards the back room. Just before she dropped to the floor, Faith glimpsed a black vehicle with tinted windows speeding away from her house.
Trembling with fear, Faith pulled out her smartphone and dialed the number the Scotland Yard detective had given her. He hit her with a barrage of questions: "Is anyone hurt? Did you get the license number of the black SUV? Did you call 999? Did your boy get home from school yet?" After getting a series of "No" replies, Detective Johnson said, "Don't worry about it. We'll take it from here. We'll be there in about five minutes."
A few minutes later, Johnson arrived in a squad car, with Constable Connor driving. Also, there was a second police car with two uniformed officers in it, plus a van with two criminal investigation technicians– who started to track all the bullets littered on the lawn. When Faith ventured out of the house, she was horrified to find that the dog was dead—its head had been blown away by the intense gunfire.
The two detectives went to their car to make some phone calls. They wanted to track down the SUV by checking local security cameras.
Faith started to feel very lonely. She and her husband had always been rather independent. They attended different churches, and at election time they stuck up posters for opposing political parties. But now she wished she had Charles's shoulder to cry on. He worked in the City. But this week, he was attending an economics conference in Germany. She phoned his hotel in Frankfurt, but he was not in his room. So she left a long message explaining everything that had happened. The final two words were, "…Never Again."
Posted in Fiction, Stories	| Leave a reply
Posted on October 24, 2015 by mikeelphick
Squadron Leader Frank Beswick gasped as the Teleprinter spat out the latest radar results from Central Command: "500 PLUS ENEMY PLANES HEADED TO LONDON AND POINTS NORTH. LAUNCH ALL SQUADRONS IN GROUPS 11, 12 and 13."
"Jeez," he muttered. "Goering must have committed his entire Luftwaffe to this one mission." Hitler had, in fact, ordered Goering to destroy the RAF bases and aircraft and take out the radar stations around Britain's coast, in preparation for the planned invasion of Britain known as Operation Sea Lion. That had to be accomplished in less than a month, before the autumn weather made the Channel too rough. So the Battle of Britain had just begun with a big bang.
Beswick figured he'd better soften the news slightly to make the situation seem daunting but not hopeless for his pilots. He sounded the alarm and, in the most commanding voice he could muster, he spoke through the loudspeakers and radios:
"This is a big one, fellows. The Jerries are sending over 250 planes and we have to stop them before they wipe out all our airfields and radar stations. Climb to 20,000 feet and use an inline astern formation. This time we attack them head-on. Let's go for it!"
The usual strategy against German bombers was to climb above them and attack them from behind–preferably with the Sun behind our fighters. This time, however, there were so many planes that most of the bombers would have done their damage before we started to attack from behind. A frontal attack was probably more effective against the bombers, anyway, because it destroyed the morale of the bomber pilots. For the fighter planes, however, it was a different story. If a Spitfire pilot suddenly found himself face-to-face with a Messerschmitt 109, anything could happen.
Because he was handicapped, Doug Bader was allowed to park his Spitfire right outside the dispersal hut where he slept along with the other pilots in his section. He liked to remove his two false legs before retiring. The three camp beds for Doug, Bill Perring and Roy York, the members of the Red section of the 12-man squadron, were all close to the door of the hut. When the alarm sounded, Bill and Roy helped attach the legs to Doug's stumps. Then two mechanics in the ground crew rushed in and carried Doug out to his plane, while Bill and Roy ran to their planes parked nearby. Lifted by the mechanics onto the rear of the wing, Doug grabbed the sides of the cockpit and levered himself into his seat.
As de facto squadron leader, Doug decided that he and Bill would attack the first two bombers, while Roy would cover their tails and chase off any Me 109's that got too close. The German bombers at the front were Junkers 88s flying at 18,000 feet, while Me 109s were circling about 500 feet above them. To the surprise of the Red section, the Me 109s didn't see them when they first arrived. So Doug caught the first bomber by surprise and shot it down. Meanwhile, Bill damaged the second Ju 88 and one engine was smoking. The plane started dumping its bombs and getting ready to turn back to France. Roy figured he would help Bill by attacking the second bomber.
That was a mistake, because the crippled Ju 88 had finally attracted the attention of the Me 109s. The next thing he knew, Roy was face-to face with a Me 109. Both pilots pressed their gun buttons at the same time. Then the two planes collided, with Roy hitting underneath the bandit. Roy's engine seized straight away, the cockpit filled with smoke, and flames licked around the engine. He reached to open the hood so he could bale out. But his propeller had struck the front of the windscreen, and the whole fixture was so twisted he couldn't move the hood.
He felt like a trapped animal—with a slim chance of survival. After his Spitfire slammed into the German fighter, he had no engine and no radio. The cockpit was filling with smoke and there were flames around the engine. He was surprised to find he still had oxygen. But though that prevented him being choked by the acrid smoke, he could still be burned alive, with oxygen as an accelerant. He prayed that the flames were merely an oil fire and that the fuel tank has not been ruptured by the collision. The broken propeller had jammed the canopy, so he couldn't bail out. He would just have to go along for the ride.
Roy figured he was heading inland, with an air speed of about 100 mph. Suddenly there was a terrific jerk, and Roy was tossed left, then right, and finally pitched hard forward on his straps, which fortunately held fast. He'd hit the ground in an open field where anti-invasion posts had been installed to destroy enemy gliders. The plane ploughed through those and finally came to a halt. The remains of his ammunition was going off in a series of pops, and the flames were getting very near the cockpit. Impact with the posts would have ripped open his fuel tank, so he prayed it had stayed behind with the broken wings. Roy hurriedly turned off his oxygen and ripped off his mask. Fortunately, the impact with the posts had loosened his canopy slightly. He could slide it back enough to let smoke out of the cockpit, but not enough to let him climb out. A fierce stabbing pain in his left thigh, and blood streaming out of a gash on his forehead appeared to be his only injuries. He brushed the blood out of his eyes with the sleeve of his flying jacket. After unhitching his chute, he managed to find the plane's emergency kit. Inside he found a small adjustable wrench with which he was able to jimmy open the canopy and break open the windshield. He also found some first aid supplies, so he brought the kit along as he climbed out of the cockpit.
Roy ran from the plane wreck as fast as he could, though his injured leg slowed him down. When he looked back he saw that the Spitfire was blazing furiously in the middle of a corn field and had left a trail of broken posts and pieces of wing and tail. A woman came out of a nearby house and asked if he'd like a cup of tea. Roy asked if she had anything stronger. She phoned the local police and they called the nearest RAF base. Soon an ambulance arrived to take him to a hospital near the base.
While Roy was having his solo adventure, Bill finished shooting down the damaged Ju 88. Out of ammunition, he returned to Northolt, with Doug as his wing man, only to find that a German bomb had left a large crater in the middle of the main runway. Forced to land on one of several neighboring grass airstrips, they were unable to refuel, rearm and rejoin the fray.
The temporary loss of Roy reminded Frank Beswick he urgently needed more trained pilots. So he assigned Doug to finish training three rookie pilots. Doug gave the kids a short lecture and planned to take them aloft after the runway had been repaired.
A kid named Billy Cook was the first trainee to fly with Doug in a second Spitfire. Bader wanted to show him some tactical maneuvers. But soon after they took off, their radios sputtered the message: "German bomber approaching, escorted by two fighters." Almost immediately, they saw one of the Me 109's, with a Dornier 17 behind it. Billy fired the guns when he had the German fighter in his sights. Streams of tracer bullets hit the plane, which immediately went into a spiraling dive. "I got my first kill," Billy shouted into his radio. "Very good," said Doug. "Let's go back to base now."
As Billy walked away from his plane after landing, the armaments sergeant shouted: "Hey, you got lucky Billy. Did you know your plane was unarmed?"
Posted in Fiction, Historical, Stories	| Tagged Air Combat, Battle of Britain, Doug Bader, Messerschmitt, RAF, Spitfire, WWII	| Leave a reply
THE SUICIDE SONG
Singer-songwriter Beth Remington was having a bad day. Her Facebook comment that morning read: "Just got my period and the car needs fixing."
Actually, the car was still running, but it was due for the state emissions test, and performance had fallen way below Beth's demands. She dropped off the car at a local service station called Auto Specialists. They were expensive: Their labor charge was $125 per hour, and they inflated their parts costs—"It's difficult to get parts for these old cars, and you have a lot of custom parts," they explained. But they did good work, and they knew how to hot-rod cars. In fact, they had upgraded Beth's vintage Firebird.
Beth lived alone, except for occasional overnight stays by lovers. Some of those lovers were men, some were women. Beth summarized her lifestyle in one of her many Facebook messages: "I let the love boat sail on by years ago, so I could ride the sexy train for the rest of my days." Her ballsy singing style and physical appearance reminded older fans of Janis Joplin. But she had a stronger voice and a more soulful style than Joplin. Beth didn't have a manager. She booked and promoted her own gigs, and did much of her own studio work. For recording, mixing and editing, she used a software package called Audacity. It wasn't the best music software available, but it was free—and she liked the name.
After she returned home, Beth decided to finish a song she'd been writing. The first line of the song was: "Lately I've been feeling, what's the use." The official title would probably be "What's the Use?" But Beth thought of it as "The Suicide Song." She wasn't feeling suicidal, but she knew that suicide songs were becoming increasingly popular with teenagers. By the time she had finished paying "those greedy mechanics," she would sorely need another hit song. Beth recorded a demo—playing her own keyboard accompaniment. Then she emailed the finished demo and lead sheet to her publisher in New York.
Next day, Beth picked up the Firebird at Auto Specialists, and gave "the crooks" a check for $932. Then she rolled onto the highway to check out the car. Almost immediately, a Mustang drew alongside and gave the well-known "VROOM…VROOM" invitation to drag-race. The driver looked barely old enough to drive. Normally, Beth would have told him to get lost. But this time, she thought it might be interesting to check out her re-tuned car under actual racing conditions. "The chick is gonna whip your sorry ass," she hollered. Then she floored it.
At around 95 mph, she was surprised to see the Mustang still alongside. "It's been souped up," she figured. With closely matched vehicles, the race would go to the boldest driver. The two cars were approaching a curve, and would be forced to slow down. Beth decided to push her car towards the rival car thus forcing it to slow down first. Unfortunately, Kurt in the Mustang had decided to use the same strategy!
<KERBAM—SCREECH—BAM—CRUNCH—SCREECH>
The Mustang slammed headlong into a tree. Beth's car slid along on its crushed roof. The Firebird was soon wrapped in flames.
A paramedic pulled a blanket over Beth's unrecognizable face. "She's gone!" The cop shook his head. "What about the kid?" he asked. "He should survive, but will probably lose that leg".
The music publishing company saw they had a potential blockbuster with the suicide song. So they slanted the press release and biography accordingly. A tabloid headline read: "Suicidal Rock Star Dies in Fiery Crash."
Posted in Fiction, Music, Stories	| Tagged drag racing, Facebook, Firebird, music software, Mustang, singing, song writing	| 1 Reply
BANNED BY THE BBC
Posted on October 9, 2015 by mikeelphick
The variety show started with its usual act. Around the middle of the last century, the "Monday Night at Eight" show on BBC TV started every week with a song from a large red haired woman named Regina Gibson. Apparently, the BBC had an unwritten law: "The show cannot begin until the fat lady sings." Regina specialized in patriotic and religious songs, and scraped a living singing the national anthem before various sports events. This particular week, her chosen song was "Amazing Grace." That rather odd choice was presumably intended to segue into the next act of the show—a magic exhibition by The Amazing Manzoni.
Manzoni's act included a lot of juggling and some sleight-of-hand tricks with playing cards and colored balls and scarves. However his concluding stunt never failed to impress audiences of all ages. He produced a white dove singing in a glass cage. Then he covered the cage with a large black shroud. When he whipped the shroud away a minute later, the cage and the bird had disappeared. Even people who knew how the trick was done were impressed when it was done well. The bird was trained to fly into a pocket in the magician's robe when the door of the cage was opened. Then the "glass" cage, actually constructed of sheets of transparent plastic, collapsed into a flat pack which was then slid into a pocket inside the shroud. If the bird failed to exit the cage on cue, then it would be crushed when the cage collapsed. So any performance in which a bird was not crushed was considered a success. Manzoni wowed the audience and triumphed on the night in question.
The next act featured Lonnie Donegan—a guitarist, banjo player, and blues, folk and rock singer. He was a mediocre instrumentalist, but he was a good-looking guy with a "bad boy" persona. So he appealed more to women than to men. On that specific night, he sang three songs—"Frankie and Johnny," "House of the Rising Sun," and "Rock Island Line." In between the songs, he titillated the audience with patter about whore houses in New Orleans, though he had to be careful not to be too raunchy because this was an 8PM show when the kiddies might be watching.
The star of the show, and closing act, was Max Wall—a stand-up comedian and movie character actor. He had a reputation for doing "blue material," and had been banned from the BBC for a couple of years. His triumphant return was responsible for the show's exceptionally large audience that night. People were curious to see whether he would be banned again, or whether he had wimped out and stopped telling dirty jokes. Of course, back then (around 1950), almost any reference to sex was considered blue material—especially on the BBC and on an early evening show. However, "Monday Night at Eight" was broadcast live without a time delay.
Most of Max's jokes were unexciting. He had fallen back on mother-in-law jokes and regional jokes ("Anybody here from Newcastle?"). The response from a disappointed audience was muted. It wasn't clear whether Max had decided to wimp out and then changed his mind at the last minute, or whether he was merely saving his best stuff for the end. But his last joke was a deal breaker for the BBC. It went something like this: "For my holidays, I went mountain climbing in Northern Spain. I was working my way along a two-foot ledge, with a vertical rock face on my left and a sheer drop of several hundred feet on my right. Then I rounded a corner and saw a blonde bombshell coming towards me. What should I do? Block her passage or toss myself off…"
TV screens went black for about 30 seconds. Then the MC made a brief appearance, mumbling an apology, and the credits started rolling. Max was subsequently banned from the BBC for life. But, of course, the publicity was invaluable for his night club and movie activities. And the BBC had record ratings for his final show.
Posted in Fiction, Stories	| Tagged BBC Variety show, Comedy, Magician, Max Wall, music	| 2 Replies
Banned by LinkedIn
In an annoying comedy of errors, I just got kicked out of the Writers Hangout of LinkedIn. I wrote a piece for their short story contest. Because of the assigned mandatory first line, I was forced to describe a variety show. I chose to write a fact-based story about English comedian Max Wall being banned from BBC TV back in the 1950's. But because the story was titled "Banned By The BBC," some LinkedIn idiot figured the story should be banned from LinkedIn too. And in classic overkill I was also barred from posting any messages unless they had been cleared by the forum moderator. This wasn't the first time innocent people got kicked out of Writers Hangout. So now the writers are trying to decide whether to shift the contest to Facebook or some other venue.
Of course, I can write anything I like on my own blog. So the story I'd submitted to LinkedIn will be my next story here (see above).
Posted in Opinion, Stories	| Tagged Facebook, LinkdIn, Writers Hangout	| Leave a reply


text:
Ein Spiegelneuron (Plural: Spiegelneurone oder Spiegelneuronen) ist eine Nervenzelle, die im Gehirn von Primaten beim "Betrachten" eines Vorgangs das gleiche Aktivitätsmuster zeigt wie bei dessen "eigener" Ausführung. Auch Geräusche, die durch früheres Lernen mit einer bestimmten Handlung verknüpft werden, verursachen bei einem Spiegelneuron dasselbe Aktivitätsmuster wie eine entsprechende tatsächliche Handlung. Seit ihrer erstmaligen Beschreibung im Jahr 1992 wird diskutiert, ob Spiegelneuronen an Verhaltensmustern von Imitation oder möglicherweise sogar Mitgefühl (Empathie) bei Primaten beteiligt sind und dadurch etwa Rudelverhalten unterstützen.

Überblick
Diese Zellen wurden von dem Italiener Giacomo Rizzolatti und seinen Mitarbeitern erstmals 1992 beschrieben, und zwar bei Makaken. Im Jahr zuvor war eine Veröffentlichung in der Fachzeitschrift Nature abgelehnt worden, da die Erkenntnisse "nicht von allgemeinem Interesse" seien. In diesen Untersuchungen war aufgefallen, dass Neuronen im Feld F5c des Großhirns sowohl dann reagierten, wenn bestimmte zielmotorische Hand-Objekt-Interaktionen selbst durchgeführt wurden, als auch, wenn sie bei einem anderen Tier – oder auch bei einem Menschen – nur beobachtet wurden.

2002 wurde die Möglichkeit eines Spiegelneuronensystems (Brodmann-Areal 44) beim Menschen diskutiert, das man mit Wiedererkennung von Handlungen (action recognition) und Imitation in Verbindung brachte. 2010 gab es den ersten direkten Nachweis von Spiegelneuronen beim Menschen.

Kategorien
Die Entdecker teilten die beobachteten Spiegelneuronen in zwei Gruppen ein:

 Strikt Kongruente (strictly congruent), etwa ein Drittel, feuerten nur dann in gleicher Weise, wenn die beobachteten oder selbst ausgeführten Handlungen sowohl in ihrer allgemeinen Art – zum Beispiel Greifen – als auch ihrer speziellen Besonderheit – zum Beispiel Herausziehen aus einem Loch – gleich waren.
 Grob Kongruente (broadly congruent), etwa zwei Drittel, feuerten auch dann in gleicher Weise, wenn die beobachteten oder selbst ausgeführten Handlungen ähnlich waren oder im gleichen Kontext oder mit demselben oder einem gleichen Ziel geschahen.

Beim Menschen
Die Untersuchung einzelner Neuronen beim Menschen ist nur in Ausnahmefällen möglich. Hierzu zählen Operationen am Gehirn als letzter medizinischer Ausweg, z. B. bei anderweitig nicht behandelbarer Epilepsie. Hierbei werden dem Patienten – zwecks exakter Lokalisierung – vorübergehend Tiefenelektroden in die Regionen eingepflanzt, die zuvor durch andere Verfahren als wahrscheinliche Herde der Störung ermittelt wurden. In solchen Fällen ist es oft ohne zusätzliches Risiko möglich – bei vorheriger Zustimmung des Patienten –, die nach rein medizinischen Kriterien gesetzten Elektroden auch für zusätzliche wissenschaftliche Messungen zu nutzen.

Bisher (Februar 2015) wurden jedoch beim Menschen noch keine Neuronen in den Arealen untersucht, die den bekannten Spiegelneuron-Arealen bei Makaken entsprechen. Der einfache Grund ist, dass hier selten Herde von Epilepsie auftreten. Trotzdem könnten Messungen in anderen Arealen beim Menschen sinnvoll sein, da die regionale Verbreitung von Spiegelneuronen in allen Spezies noch eine offene Frage ist.

2010 wurden Daten von 1177 Neuronen-Ableitungen (665 Einzelzellen, 512 Zellgruppen) von 21 Patienten veröffentlicht. Es wurde eine kleine Zahl von Spiegelneuronen gefunden. Zusätzlich wurden Anti-Spiegelneuronen gefunden, also solche, die sich bei Beobachtung und eigener Ausführung entgegengesetzt verhielten.

Folgen der Entdeckung
Die Auswirkungen der Entdeckung der Spiegelneuronen unterschieden sich markant von denen bei anderen bedeutenden Entdeckungen in der Gehirnforschung, etwa bezüglich der senilen Plaques (Ablagerungen) bei der Alzheimer-Krankheit oder bezüglich der Prionen (schädlichen Proteinvarianten) bei der Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Krankheit und BSE ("Rinderwahnsinn").

Geschichte
Untersuchungen zu möglichen Funktionen der Spiegelneuronen sind bislang (Februar 2015) nicht veröffentlicht worden, obwohl es vielfältige neurophysiologische Methoden gibt, diese Neuronen für gezielte Tests vorübergehend pharmakologisch oder durch molekulargenetische Schaltmethoden zu blockieren. Trotzdem haben die Entdecker von Anfang an immer wieder weitreichende Hypothesen zu einer möglichen Funktion dieser Neuronen bei automatischem Verstehen anderer Lebewesen verbreitet.

Lange bevor Spiegelneuronen beim Menschen überhaupt nachgewiesen waren, wurde bei einer Vielzahl von Untersuchungen menschlicher Gehirnaktivität durch bildgebende Verfahren ein möglicher Zusammenhang mit hypothetischen Spiegelneuronsystemen – oft mit großem Überschwang – herausgestellt. Dies geschah, obwohl es weithin bekannt ist, dass diese Verfahren die Aktivität riesiger Neuronenverbände abbilden. Sie bieten nicht die geringste Information zum Verhalten einzelner Neuronen. Eine kumulative Information ist in diesem Fall auch deshalb wertlos, weil die Spiegelneuronen innerhalb ihres Verbunds mit Nachbarzellen nur eine kleine Minderheit bilden.

Laien- und massenhafte Vergröberungen führten in der Folge zu einer Lawine von Fantasien bis hin zu Extremvorstellungen, wie etwa Jeremy Rifkins "empathischer Zivilisation". Demnach würden "Spiegelneuronen im Gehirn des Menschen für den Aufbau der Gefühlswelt grundlegende Strukturen bereit halten". Seine Ausführungen werden von Rezensenten kritisch gesehen.

Neutrale Neurowissenschaftler, die zu anderen, jedoch verwandten Themen forschten, beteiligten sich erst spät mit öffentlichen Beiträgen, dann allerdings mit zunehmend entschiedener Kritik. David Poeppel, Spezialist für Neurobiologie der Sprache an der New York University, fasste seine Einschätzung so zusammen:

Beispiel Mitgefühl (Empathie)

Der Analogieschluss, dass es Spiegelneuronen nicht nur für Körper-, sondern auch für Gefühlsbewegungen geben könnte, war so naheliegend, dass er sich noch schneller verbreitete als die tatsächlichen Beobachtungen. Bisher (Februar 2015) gibt es jedoch für keine Spezies Erkenntnisse über mögliche Gefühls-Spiegelneuronen. Die Möglichkeit eines Zusammenhangs zwischen Motor-Spiegelneuronen und Mitgefühl wird jedoch – als Möglichkeit – diskutiert.

Grundsätzlicher Einwand gegen ein Spiegel-Konzept auf Neuronen-Ebene
Die neurophysiologisch orientierte Philosophin Patricia Churchland betrachtete die Vorstellung, Spiegelneurone könnten eine Art Täter-Rolle beim Verstehen anderer Personen oder Lebewesen spielen, als einen typischen Fehlschluss mit langer philosophischer Tradition. Ein Neuron könne zwar vielfältig vernetzt sein, aber es sei kein intelligenter Agent (Homunkulus). Hochkomplexe Dinge, wie die Absichten anderer, könnten nur in mindestens ebenso komplexen neuronalen Netzwerken repräsentiert werden.

Siehe auch
 Carpenter-Effekt
 Couvade-Syndrom
 Gefühlsansteckung

Literatur

Arbeitsgruppe der Entdecker
 Giacomo Rizzolatti, Corrado Sinigaglia: So quel che fai: il cervello che agisce e i neuroni specchio, Verlag Cortina Raffaello 2006, 216 S. ISBN 8860300029.
 Giacomo Rizzolatti, Corrado Sinigaglia: Mirrors in the Brain. How Our Minds Share Actions and Emotions. Übersetzt von Frances Anderson, Oxford University Press 2007, 256 S. ISBN 0191030805.
 Giacomo Rizzolatti, Corrado Sinigaglia: Empathie und Spiegelneurone: Die biologische Basis des Mitgefühls. Übersetzt von Friedrich Griese. Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp 2008, 229 S. ISBN 3-518-26011-1.
 Christian Keysers: The Empathic Brain. How the Discovery of Mirror Neurons Changes Our Understanding of Human Nature, Lexington, Ky. Social Brain Press, 2011, 246 S. ISBN 978-1463769062.
 Christian Keysers: Unser empathisches Gehirn: Warum wir verstehen, was andere fühlen. Übersetzt von Hainer Kober. Bertelsmann München 2013, 320 S. ISBN 978-3-570-00954-3.
 Giacomo Rizzolatti, L. Fogassi, V. Gallese: Motor and cognitive functions of the ventral premotor cortex. In: Current opinion in neurobiology. Band 12, Nummer 2, April 2002, , S. 149–154, PMID 12015230 (Review).
 Giacomo Rizzolatti, M. Fabbri-Destro: Mirror neurons: from discovery to autism. In: Experimental brain research. Band 200, Nummer 3–4, Januar 2010, , S. 223–237, , PMID 19760408 (Review).

Andere Neurowissenschaftler
 Gregory Hickok: The Myth of Mirror Neurons: The Real Neuroscience of Communication and Cognition, W. W. Norton & Company, 2014, 288 S. ISBN 0393244164.
 Gregory Hickok: Warum wir verstehen, was andere fühlen: Der Mythos der Spiegelneuronen. Übersetzt von Elsbeth Ranke, Carl Hanser Verlag München 2015, 368 Seiten, ISBN 978-3-446-44312-9.
 I. Dinstein, C. Thomas, M. Behrmann, D. J. Heeger: A mirror up to nature. In: Current biology : CB. Band 18, Nummer 1, Januar 2008, , S. R13–R18, , PMID 18177704,  (Review).
 G. Hickok: Eight problems for the mirror neuron theory of action understanding in monkeys and humans. In: Journal of cognitive neuroscience. Band 21, Nummer 7, Juli 2009, , S. 1229–1243, , PMID 19199415,  (Review).
 P. B. Pascolo, R. Budai, R. Rossi: Critical review of the research leading to the mirror neuron paradigm - biomed 2010. In: Biomedical sciences instrumentation. Band 46, 2010, , S. 422–427, PMID 20467117 (Review).
 C. Heyes: Where do mirror neurons come from? In: Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. Band 34, Nummer 4, März 2010, , S. 575–583, , PMID 19914284 (Review).
 C. Lamm, J. Majdandžić: The role of shared neural activations, mirror neurons, and morality in empathy - A critical comment. In: Neuroscience research. Band 90C, Januar 2015, , S. 15–24, , PMID 25455743 (Review) (Freier Volltext).

Weblinks

 Ilka Lehnen-Beyel: Überschätzte Tausendsassa, in: Bild der Wissenschaft, 16. Oktober 2007.
 Werner Siefer: Die Zellen des Anstoßes, in: Die Zeit, 17. Dezember 2010. (Paywall)
 Annett Stein: Lassen Spiegelneuronen uns mitfiebern?, in: Die Welt, 30. Juni 2014.

Einzelnachweise

Zentralnervensystem
Neurophysiologie
Neuropsychologie
Kognitionswissenschaft
Biopsychologie


text:
Q: Using the right Ram for a motherboard I bought this motherboard but with the ram I bought it is not working (2048MB Kingston Value DDR2-400 CL3 ). What did I do wrong?
Will this work with my motherboard?

A: Probably belongs on superuser. In the motherboard manual it will say which ram is compatable with the board and has been tested. I didnt check the manual but my guess is that the ram isn't compatable with the board. I recommend you check the manual to see which ddr2 speed is  comptable with and to see what makes and models it is also comptable with. 9 meg pdf download for manual.
http://www.manualnguide.com/manual-get/3368/

A: The best way to be sure that your RAM is compatible is to buy a model that the RAM vendor advertises as compatible. For example, on Kingston's front page, enter "ASRock" as the manufacturer, then choose your exact motherboard model. (Exact model is important: sometimes a single letter or digit may indicate a completely different type of memory.) Unfortunately, they don't advertise any model as compatible. Neither do their competitor Crucial. That doesn't mean that they don't have suitable modules, just that they haven't tested this particular motherboard.
Looking at the P5B-DE specs, I'd expect the model you link to (2GB DDR2 PC2-6400 800MHz CL6) to work. I'd also expect the model you list (2048MB Kingston Value DDR2-400 CL3) to work (but slower than optimal), although it's not within the specs. Note that if you bought for DDR2-800 but got DDR2-400, you didn't get what you paid for and should request a refund or exchange.
Most motherboard vendors publish a list of tested RAM modules. Such lists are often incomplete (in particular, they tend not to be updated after the motherboard is put on the market, so they tend to lack choice for larger module capacities). For ASRock, it's the "Memory QVL" link right on the motherboard description page, and the list does include a few 2 GB models.
If you can't find a module that's advertised to work either by the RAM vendor or the motherboard vendor, it's usually enough to match the memory type (e.g. DDR2 or DDR3), the module capacity, the ECC/non-ECC attribute and the registered/buffered/unbuffered attribute.
Having a speed within range is mostly a matter of performance and cost (you want your RAM to be as fast as your motherboard supports, but faster is often more expensive) but is occasionally important for compatibility. Beyond that incompatibilities are rare unless you overclock or undervolt.


Image caption Will HSBC keep its headquarters in the UK?
HSBC may move from London if the UK government decides to break up big banks, a senior executive has said.
Stuart Gulliver, head of the Canary Wharf-based bank's investment banking division, made the warning at a banking conference.
He said he was "genuinely concerned" that the UK's banking commission would recommend splitting up banks.
"[That] has significant implications clearly for where we may choose to headquarter our institution."
"I want to be crystal clear. Our preference is to be headquartered in the UK," added Mr Gulliver.
Mr Gulliver, whose bank did not receive any direct government support during the financial crisis, made his comments in response to an audience question at an industry conference in London.
He said it would be "very very regrettable" if the commission came to a decision "that causes the banks that actually didn't take any money from any government anywhere in the world to have to move their headquarters."
He also noted that no other country was looking at breaking up banks in response to the 2008 financial crisis.
The UK's coalition government set up the independent banking commission in June with a broad remit to consider possible reforms of the banking system.
It will report its findings to Business Secretary Vince Cable.
His party, the Liberal Democrats, campaigned during the election in favour of splitting up the banks, separating their traditional commercial banking activities from their riskier investment banking business.
The commission could also consider other structural reforms, such as breaking up High Street banks to increase competition, or forcing the banks to simplify their international structures to make any future bankruptcies easier.
Image caption Mr Gulliver said he was "genuinely concerned"
Many economists and policymakers concluded in the wake of the 2008 collapse of Lehman Brothers that the large international banks had become "too big to fail".
If a bank is so big that its collapse would bring down the entire financial system, governments would always be forced to rescue them.
The concern is that if banks know that governments will always come to their rescue, they may be encouraged to take on too much risk.
HSBC moved its headquarters from Hong Kong to London in 1991 after its acquisition of Midland Bank.
It currently occupies one of the largest tower blocks in Canary Wharf.


text:
Jim Carrey May Have Gone Too Far with His Abortion Cartoon
GOP Sen. Ted Cruz, among others, wrote that this is not OK — but did the actor-turned-activist help the pro-life cause?
By PopZette Staff
Weighing in on the state of Alabama's recent passage of a law prohibiting abortion once a fetal heartbeat is detected (at around six weeks), actor-turned-artist Jim Carrey shared a new creative work depicting — yes — the abortion of GOP Alabama Gov. Kay Ivey, who signed the measure into law.
See his artwork in his tweet below.
It carried the message: "I think if you're going to terminate a pregnancy, it should be done sometime before the fetus becomes Governor of Alabama."
I think If you're going to terminate a pregnancy, it should be done sometime before the fetus becomes Governor of Alabama. pic.twitter.com/6QgsY2rMz7
— Jim Carrey (@JimCarrey) May 18, 2019
Many on the Right reacted strongly to the new piece of artwork.
Related: One Man Copes with the Wrenching Impact of His Girlfriend's Abortion 20 Years Ago
Sen. Ted Cruz (R-Texas) wrote on Twitter that Carrey's illustration and message were "not OK" — and that today's Left is "vicious, angry and consumed by hate."
Instead, he urged "civility."
See his full message below:
This is not OK. Today's Left: vicious, angry & consumed by hate. Instead of insults & dehumanizing rage, we should return to civility. I disagree w/ Carrey's politics, but believe we should respect his humanity nonetheless. I wish he could reciprocate. #LoveIsStrongerThanHate https://t.co/vKVGZzou1q
— Ted Cruz (@tedcruz) May 20, 2019
Others, however, while acknowledging the viciousness of the message, are also saying Carrey's artwork could help the case against abortion.
(Who knew?)
See their messages below — and please weigh in on this issue.
This is a pretty great depiction of an abortion: clinically accurate, and wiping out an individual human life. https://t.co/Sy58LwDdj1
— Ben Shapiro (@benshapiro) May 19, 2019
Thank you for the truly accurate (and therefore horrifying) portrayal of abortion… sucking out the brains of a PERSON because that person is inconvenient to you. You blessed the pro life movement with this.
— Liz Wheeler (@Liz_Wheeler) May 19, 2019


The Lufkin Community Partners needed help to better communicate that they were an organization that was larger than one "project". We approached the organization and were able to donate our branding strategy and logo design. Our logo incorporates number colors and hands to signify a more child-like attitude, diversity, and community. We utilized a box and strong lettering to portray a business-like feel and a solid foundation. The hands are able to reach outside the "box" as this signifies "outside the box" thinking.


text:
Giraffes-Cant-Dance
Tue 19 - Wed 20 May, The Place Telford
Gerald the Giraffe has a tall, thin neck and long, slim legs. He's great at reaching the highest shoots on the tallest trees, but he's not so good at dancing. Now the annual Jungle Dance is just around the corner, and Gerald is longing to join the waltzing warthogs, rock'n'rolling rhinos and cha-cha cha-ing chimps on the dancefloor. But everyone knows that giraffes can't dance… or can they?
A much-loved book for over 20 years, Giles Andreae and Guy Parker-Rees' African jungle bursts to life with puppetry, songs, and a company of five playing warthogs, lions, rhinos, chimps – and a very special violin-playing cricket.
Perfect for audiences aged 2+, Giraffes Can't Dance encourages everyone to dance to their own rhythm, and to just be a little more Gerald.
Director Julia Thomas
Composer Tasha Taylor Johnson
Tue 19 May 4:30 PM
Wed 20 May 10:00 AM
Wed 20 May 1:00 PM
Share Giraffes Can't Dance with Friends...
The Place Telford, Sat 1 Feb
A wonderfully adventurous story with heartwarming lessons to learn along the way as our hand-made boy Pinocchio journeys through the world discovering just what it takes to be a re...
music, family
Woman Like Me - The Little Mix Show
The Place Telford, Thu 20 Feb
Now playing it's 4th successful year touring the UK and having played to over 50,000 people around the country, the Little Mix Show is back! A hig...
family, party nights
Family Glow Party Night
Casey's at Cordingley Hall, Fri 21 Feb
Join LDJ Events and Fantasy Faces at Casey's for a Family Party this half term. The room is all aglow with UV so wear your white or neon gear to glow with us. The bar will be open...


text:
Leonardo DiCaprio spotted alongside multiple bikini-clad women on yacht
GOSSIPS News WORLD STARS
The actor, who ended his four-year relationship with Camila Morrone last year, has been spotted holidaying on a yacht in the Caribbean.
Leonardo DiCaprio was spotted spending the New Year's weekend with multiple bikini-clad women on a yacht in St Barts.
Photos surfaced on Monday of DiCaprio wearing a blue bathing suit while soaking up some sun on the yacht.
The Titanic actor was photographed alongside multiple women. DiCaprio's friend Joe Nahmad's fiancee Madison Headrick was identified as one of the models, Fox News reports.
DiCaprio was surrounded by friends and bikini-clad women on the yacht. Picture: Mega Agency
Picture: Mega Agency
Recently, DiCaprio, 48, sparked romance rumours with actor Lorenzo Lamas' 23-year-old daughter Victoria Lamas.
"I know she likes him very much," Lorenzo told the New York Post. "I think they met last month. I'm not sure of the circumstances, but that's what she told me."
DiCaprio became a single man once again in August after ending a four-year relationship with actress Camila Morrone. Victoria and DiCaprio were spotted leaving a Hollywood hotspot together on December 20.
"She's very smitten," Lorenzo said. "I told her to treat the relationship like a holiday – just enjoy it as much as you can for as long as it lasts. And if it lasts for more than a typical holiday, great. But if not, then just guard your heart, you know? Because she's very young."
The Renegade actor joked: "I just told her, you know, absolutely no transatlantic cruises with Leo. Anyway, I'm excited for her. I know that it's been a while since she's had a serious relationship. … She's got a big heart and she tends to give it freely."
Victoria is one of Lamas' three daughters with ex-wife, Playboy playmate Shauna Sand. The couple divorced in 2002.
DiCaprio has also been linked to model Gigi Hadid since he ended his relationship with Morrone.
Morrone previously opened up about the age difference between her and DiCaprio during an interview in 2019.
"There's so many relationships in Hollywood – and in the history of the world – where people have large age gaps," the actress told the Los Angeles Times. "I just think anyone should be able to date who they want to date."
Camila Morrone, Gossips, Leonardo DiCaprio, News
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