text:
GodWeb Home
Finding God on the Web
Bible | Movies | Hot Topics | Holidays | Humor | Gallery | Sanctuary | Sermons | Prayer | Quizzes | Communities | FAQ
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Resources for the Birthday Celebration Date, Jan 15
The following resources are provided by the GodWeb for the celebration of Dr. King's birthday on the Jan 15th holiday or other occasions. Included are sermons, speeches, photographs, and links to the outstanding websites featuring the work of the slain civil rights leader, prophet and preacher.
Our God is Able
One of Dr. King's great sermons, edited for today by Charles Henderson.
Letter from the Birmingham Jail
In some ways more important than the "Dream Speech," this is one of the seminal documents of American history.
Text of the speech with mp3 audiofile and photographs
Prayer and Dr. King
Resources for celebrating the life of the civil rights leader, including prayers, readings, pictures, photos, litanies and more.
Best selling books from major publishers about the life and legacy of Dr. King
For further reading about Dr. King and related topics, I highly commend several books by Dr. James Melvin Washington.
Martin Luther King and the Future of America
The discussion of the legacy of Martin Luther King available here is based on talks given by Vincent Harding and Clare Gaudiani in April 1996 at the Boston Research Center for the Twenty-First Century. The papers were published by the journal CrossCurrents in the fall of that year.
Vincent Harding and Claire Gaudiani
Here are some additional resources on the Web about Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.:
The Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute
A collection of primary and secondary documents pertaining to Martin Luther King, Jr., held at Stanford University.
King's role as a national leader began here. It was at age five that he first joined the church. At 19, King received that call to Christian Ministry and was ordained at Ebenezer. Dr. King preached his first and last sermons from the pulpit at Ebenezer, where his father and grandfather had pastored.
Letter from a Birmingham jail
Aside from the "Dream" speech, this may be the second most important document in undertanding Dr. King and his life's work. Written from his cell in the Birmingham jail, he answered a group of clergy who had criticized his tactic of non-violent action.
Time Magazine coverage and cover stories on Dr. King
Martin Luther King, Jr. Directory
This site includes all sorts of material by and about the slain civil rights leader. Contributers include the Martin Luther King, Jr. Papers Project at Stanford University and The Martin Luther King, Jr. Center in Atlanta.
MLK National Historic Site Home Page
Created by Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site Interpretive Staff.
Seattle Times prize winning MLK tribute page
Excellent articles, news stories, interviews, and sound clips.
Charles Henderson
Other related and recommended sites you might want to visit:
God and Science (Hypertext Edition, 2005)
Chapters on Charles Darwin, Paul Tillich and de Chardin now available)
Please take a moment to let us know you were here!
Use the mail drop to indicate your interest in being included in our free newsletter.
If you want to talk with someone in person, please feel free to call: 917-439-2305
The Rev. Charles P. Henderson is a Presbyterian minister and author of Faith, Science and the Future, published in 1994 by CrossCurrents Press. He is also the author of God and Science (John Knox / Westminster, 1986) which he is now rewriting to incorporate more recent developments in the conversation taking place between scientists and theologians. He has also written widely for such publications as The New York Times, The Nation, Commonweal, The Christian Century and others.
For further information about Charles Henderson.


Am i doing something wrong or my dolphin settings are wrong. If these informations are not enough please tell me what to add. Please Reply fast.
@EDIT: I forgot mentioning that wiimote is connected when running homebrew, and it is vibrating when game starts. But app is not catching input.
Are you sure the problem isn't the wiimote, but your printfs not showing up? Make sure real XFB is enabled.
Other Printfs are showing up, i set xfb, as it was part of tutorial, It only cant read input.
Erm... this may be some important info i forgot to mention in above posts. It's wiimote with wii motion plus, and what's strange it's working with original nintendo games on dolphin when connected the normal way (with MS bluetooth stack) but not working with my homebrew hello world app. On bluetooth it's named RVL-CNT-01.
Finally found a fix, now posting it for other developers, who will experience similar problem with Dolphin. I downloaded latest build, 4.0-5394 and everything works perfectly. The problem was that on older version my app can't detect wiimote (idk why). The problem is sloved.


text:
Q: Context.ExecuteQueryAsync not trigerring I am debugging the code below and the line Context.ExecuteQueryAsync is not being trigerred. I am not getting any error.
async function updateListItem(listName, itemId, itemProperties, pageurl, context, listItem) {
try {
    $.ajax({
        url: _spPageContextInfo.webAbsoluteUrl + "/_api/web/lists/getbytitle('" + listName + "')/items(" + itemId + ")",
        type: "POST",
        contentType: "application/json;odata=verbose",
        data: JSON.stringify(itemProperties),
        headers: {
            "Accept": "application/json;odata=verbose",
            "X-RequestDigest": $("#__REQUESTDIGEST").val(),
            "X-HTTP-Method": "MERGE",
            "If-Match": '*'
        },
        success: function (data) {
            if (M_DEBUG) {
                console.log("department added");
            }
            console.log('department added');
            // publish the news
            listItem.get_file().publish("Publishing");
            console.log(context);

            try{
            context.executeQueryAsync(
                function () {
                    if (M_DEBUG) {
                        console.log("file published");
                    }
                    console.log(pageurl);
                    // redirect to news page in edit mode
                    window.location.replace(pageurl + "?ControlMode=Edit&DisplayMode=Design");
                },
                function (sender, args) {
                    if (M_DEBUG) {
                        console.log("error while publishing file:" + args.get_message() +
                            '\n' + args.get_stackTrace());
                    }
                }
            );}

            catch(err){
                console.log(err.message);
            }
        },
        error: function (data) {
            if (M_DEBUG) {
                console.log(data);
            }
        }
    });
} catch (err) {
    console.log(err.message);
}

}

A: Ensure the item(file) is checked out before updating.
You can print the error details using error handler as demonstrated below:
$.ajax({
        url: siteurl + "/_api/web/lists/getbytitle('" + listName + "')/items("+itemId+")",
        method: "GET",
        headers: { "Accept": "application/json; odata=verbose" },
        success: function (data) {
            //...
        },
        error: function (data) {
            console.log(JSON.stringify(data));
        }
});

Try the following script to update and publish the item:
Update();
function Update() {
    SP.SOD.executeFunc('sp.js', 'SP.ClientContext', function () {
        var listName = "Pages";
        var itemId = 1; // Update Item Id here
        var titleVal = "test";
        var itemType = GetItemTypeForListName(listName);
        var itemProperties = {
            "__metadata": { "type": itemType },
            "Title": titleVal
        };
        var pageurl = "https://tenant.sharepoint.com/Sites/<site>/Pages/p1.aspx";

        var context = new SP.ClientContext();
        var oList = context.get_web().get_lists().getByTitle(listName);
        var listItem = oList.getItemById(itemId);
        context.load(listItem);
        context.load(listItem.get_file());
        context.executeQueryAsync(
            Function.createDelegate(this, function(){
                console.log(listItem.get_file().get_checkOutType());
                console.log(SP.CheckOutType.online);
                if(listItem.get_file().get_checkOutType() !== SP.CheckOutType.online) {
                    checkOutItem(listName,itemId,itemProperties, pageurl, context, listItem);
                }else{
                    //item is checked out
                    updateListItem(listName,itemId,itemProperties, pageurl, context, listItem);
                }

            }),
            Function.createDelegate(this, this.onQueryFailed)
        );
    });

}
function checkOutItem(listName,itemId,itemProperties, pageurl,context, listItem){
    listItem.get_file().checkOut();
    context.executeQueryAsync(function () {
        console.log("successfully item is checked out");
        updateListItem(listName,itemId,itemProperties, pageurl, context, listItem);
    },
    function (sender, args) {
    console.log("failed: " + args.get_message());
    });
}
async function updateListItem(listName, itemId, itemProperties, pageurl,context, listItem) {
    $.ajax({
        url: _spPageContextInfo.webAbsoluteUrl + "/_api/web/lists/getbytitle('" + listName + "')/items("+itemId+")",
        type: "POST",
        contentType: "application/json;odata=verbose",
        data: JSON.stringify(itemProperties),
        headers: {
            "Accept": "application/json;odata=verbose",
            "X-RequestDigest": $("#__REQUESTDIGEST").val(),
            "X-HTTP-Method": "MERGE",
            "If-Match": "*"
        },
        success: function (data) {
            console.log('Success');
            //check in
            listItem.get_file().checkIn();
            // publish
            listItem.get_file().publish("Publishing");
            context.executeQueryAsync(function () {
                    console.log("item is published");
                    window.location.replace(pageurl + "?ControlMode=Edit&DisplayMode=Design");
                },
                function (sender, args) {
                console.log("failed: " + args.get_message());
                });
        },
        error: function (data) {
            console.log(JSON.stringify(data));
        }
    });
}
// Get List Item Type metadata
function GetItemTypeForListName(name) {
    return "SP.Data." + name.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + name.split(" ").join("").slice(1) + "Item";
}

function onQueryFailed(sender, args) {
    console.log('Request failed. ' + args.get_message() +
    '\n' + args.get_stackTrace());
}

Update: check out item before redirecting page.
Update();
function Update() {
    SP.SOD.executeFunc('sp.js', 'SP.ClientContext', function () {
        var listName = "Pages";
        var itemId = 1; // Update Item Id here
        var titleVal = "test";
        var itemType = GetItemTypeForListName(listName);
        var itemProperties = {
            "__metadata": { "type": itemType },
            "Title": titleVal
        };
        var pageurl = "https://tenant.sharepoint.com/Sites/<site>/Pages/p1.aspx";

        var context = new SP.ClientContext();
        var oList = context.get_web().get_lists().getByTitle(listName);
        var listItem = oList.getItemById(itemId);
        context.load(listItem);
        context.load(listItem.get_file());
        context.executeQueryAsync(
            Function.createDelegate(this, function(){
                console.log(listItem.get_file().get_checkOutType());
                console.log(SP.CheckOutType.online);
                if(listItem.get_file().get_checkOutType() !== SP.CheckOutType.online) {
                    checkOutItem(listName,itemId,itemProperties, pageurl, context, listItem);
                }else{
                    //item is checked out
                    updateListItem(listName,itemId,itemProperties, pageurl, context, listItem);
                }

            }),
            Function.createDelegate(this, this.onQueryFailed)
        );
    });

}
function checkOutItem(listName,itemId,itemProperties, pageurl,context, listItem){
    listItem.get_file().checkOut();
    context.executeQueryAsync(function () {
        console.log("successfully item is checked out");
        updateListItem(listName,itemId,itemProperties, pageurl, context, listItem);
    },
    function (sender, args) {
    console.log("failed: " + args.get_message());
    });
}
async function updateListItem(listName, itemId, itemProperties, pageurl,context, listItem) {
    $.ajax({
        url: _spPageContextInfo.webAbsoluteUrl + "/_api/web/lists/getbytitle('" + listName + "')/items("+itemId+")",
        type: "POST",
        contentType: "application/json;odata=verbose",
        data: JSON.stringify(itemProperties),
        headers: {
            "Accept": "application/json;odata=verbose",
            "X-RequestDigest": $("#__REQUESTDIGEST").val(),
            "X-HTTP-Method": "MERGE",
            "If-Match": "*"
        },
        success: function (data) {
            console.log('Success');
            //check in
            listItem.get_file().checkIn();
            // publish
            listItem.get_file().publish("Publishing");
            context.executeQueryAsync(function () {
                    console.log("item is published");
                    //redirect page
                    redirectPage(listItem,context,pageurl)
                },
                function (sender, args) {
                console.log("failed: " + args.get_message());
                });
        },
        error: function (data) {
            console.log(JSON.stringify(data));
        }
    });
}
// Get List Item Type metadata
function GetItemTypeForListName(name) {
    return "SP.Data." + name.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + name.split(" ").join("").slice(1) + "Item";
}

function redirectPage(listItem,context,pageurl){
    listItem.get_file().checkOut();
    context.executeQueryAsync(function () {
        console.log("successfully item is checked out");
        window.location.replace(pageurl + "?ControlMode=Edit&DisplayMode=Design");
    },
    function (sender, args) {
    console.log("failed: " + args.get_message());
    });
}

function onQueryFailed(sender, args) {
    console.log('Request failed. ' + args.get_message() +
    '\n' + args.get_stackTrace());
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
THE ELUSIVE #2: Knightley & Son K9
August 11, 2014 8:54 am , Matt Imrie
For the sequel to Knightley & Son, the theme was simple: dogs. I've often loved the second instalment in a series because the main characters are already established and the story has freedom to go in new directions. There's an unwritten law in Hollywood that the second in a series is often the best. From The Empire Strikes Back in the original Star Wars trilogy to The Dark Knight in the Batman series. Good sequels deepen the relationships between the characters and heighten the conflicts–and often leave you hanging at the end, waiting for episode three to resolve matters. In Knightley & Son: K-9 I tried to turn everything up to eleven: the suspense, the comedy, and the horror. At the beginning of the second book, thirteen-year-old detective hero Darkus Knightley finds himself alone again, but not because his private eye dad is in a coma as he began the first book. This time Knightley Senior is alive and well, but has gone off the radar on a bizarre investigation of his own, leaving Darkus at the mercy of school, unobtainable female classmates and playground bullies. Little does Darkus realise his dad will soon be needing his help again, and on a more sinister case than ever. The problem this time is of the four-legged kind. Strangely aggressive dogs are attacking senior police officers, a werewolf is rumoured to be stalking one of London's largest parks, and curiously alert hounds are watching Darkus's house.
And who better to become Darkus's new partner, than a four-legged friend. My inspiration for Wilbur the former bomb disposal dog, was the long tradition of "war dogs" who fight side by side with soldiers and use their exceptional sense of smell to detect the enemy. War dogs are trained to pick up the scent of explosives and even the gun oil of a sniper rifle. And they're known to breed a sense of loyalty and friendship that soldiers repeatedly said was stronger than any other relationship in their lives. I won't deny there was also some inspiration from my favourite fictional dogs: Lassie, Zeus and Apollo from Magnum P.I., and the robot K-9 from Doctor Who. (Incredibly, my dad, who worked at the BBC in the late 1970's, once took me to the set of Doctor Who and I met K-9. This was in the days when I wore a handmade (by my mum) Tom Baker-style multi-coloured twelve-foot scarf.)
The villain is a vital part of any crime story, and being a big fan of Sherlock Holmes I wanted to reference The Hound of the Baskervilles. But I also knew that in order to feel modern, the villain had to be more than simply a hound. And instead of this creature lurking on a desolate moor in Devon, perhaps a wild, untamed park near the centre of London was even scarier. And so Alan and Darkus Knightley's paths converge on London's Hampstead Heath, and along with Wilbur, they must solve a canine conspiracy that appears to be spreading across the capital. Dogs can be your best friend, but what if they're also your worst enemy? You'll have to read Knightley & Son: K-9 to find out.
Knightley & Son: K-9 is published 14th August 2014
Rohan Gavin
Posted in: Authors, Books

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Urease B is an important virulence factor that is required for Helicobacter pylori to colonise the gastric mucosa. Mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that inhibit urease B enzymatic activity will be useful as vaccines for the prevention and treatment of H. pylori infection. Here, we produced murine mAbs against urease B that neutralize the enzyme's activity. We mapped their epitopes by phage display libraries and investigated the immunogenicity of the selected mimotopes in vivo.
The urease B gene was obtained (GenBank accession No. DQ141576) and the recombinant pGEX-4T-1/UreaseB protein was expressed in Escherichia coli as a 92-kDa recombinant fusion protein with glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Five mAbs U001-U005 were produced by a hybridoma-based technique with urease B-GST as an immunogen. Only U001 could inhibit urease B enzymatic activity. Immunoscreening via phage display libraries revealed two different mimotopes of urease B protein; EXXXHDM from ph.D.12-library and EXXXHSM from ph.D.C7C that matched the urease B proteins at 347-353 aa. The antiserum induced by selected phage clones clearly recognised the urease B protein and inhibited its enzymatic activity, which indicated that the phagotope-induced immune responses were antigen specific.
The present work demonstrated that phage-displayed mimotopes were accessible to the mouse immune system and triggered a humoral response. The urease B mimotope could provide a novel and promising approach for the development of a vaccine for the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection.
Helicobacter pylori is a helical Gram-negative bacillus that was originally discovered by Marshall and Warren in the stomach of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration . H. pylori has subsequently been recognised as the major aetiological determinant of various gastroduodenal diseases. Approximately half of the world's population has been estimated to be infected by H. pylori and harbours the bacterium in their upper gastrointestinal tract . Even though antibiotic-based triple therapy is still the most effective treatment for H. pylori infection, it seems that it is not feasible for large-scale control of infection, partly because of the high cost, poor compliance, and emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. Increasing rates of therapeutic treatment failure and high rates of re-infection, together with low hygiene standards in developing countries have made it imperative to develop vaccines to control infection .
Currently, most H. pylori vaccines in animal models have utilised whole-cell preparation of native or recombinant proteins from the bacterium, together with mucosal adjuvant. In general, these vaccines are designed from a natural form of the pathogen after lysis or inactivation that differs from natural epitopes . In response to H. pylori infection, the host triggers vigorous humoral and cellular immune responses. Although H. pylori-specific antibodies have been detected at high titres in inflamed gastric mucosa and in the serum, the infection can persist and/or never resolve. This suggests that H. pylori can evade the innate and adaptive immune responses, and the latter responses triggered by H. pylori via this natural approach do not elicit effective immunity . Therefore, we hypothesise that modified immunity might be achieved via the use of mimotopes that differ from natural epitopes. This approach might be able to trigger an effective immune response that is absent in natural infections and natural-immunity-based approaches.
Phage display peptide libraries are usually employed to select epitopes, which mimic the epitopes of natural proteins recognised by the immune system. Such mimotopes are widely used in the development of vaccines against many diseases [6–8], the design of molecules that act as agonists or antagonists to many key biomolecules, and the development of diagnostic reagents [9–12]. It has been reported that mimotopes induce production of protective antibodies, and consequently, become candidates for the development of potential vaccines [13, 14]. Mimotopes selected from random peptide libraries can drive an active immune response towards the original antigen and lead to effective immunity [15–17].
Urease plays a central role in the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection and promotes colonisation of the stomach and gut. Urease enzymatically hydrolyses urea to form ammonia and bicarbonate, which neutralise gastrointestinal acids and protect the bacteria against the acidic environment of the stomach. Urease is composed of two major subunits, urease A and urease B, and the latter is considered to be an excellent antigen for the induction of protective immune responses [18, 19]. Mucosal vaccination with Lactococcus lactis that expresses urease B induces the production of IgG in blood and urease-B-specific faecal IgA against H. pylori infection . Recently, by transformation of the gene of urease B into carrot, Zhang et al. have found that transgenic carrot plants can express the protein of urease B and effectively induce immune responses in mice . In addition, immunisation of mice with the trivalent fusion vaccine that was constructed by genetically linking heat shock protein A (HspA), H. pylori adhesion (HpaA) and urease B414 (250-387 aa), has been shown to protect mice from H. pylori infection . Thus, urease B appears to be an important target for the design of a prophylactic vaccine for H. pylori.
Using this technique, we have already obtained the neutralising mimotopes of Lpp20 and catalase for H. pylori [23, 24]. Whether such mimotopes of urease B can be exploited to elicit functional antibody responses against H. pylori has yet to be fully investigated.
In the present study, we applied the phage display technology to identify the neutralising epitope of H. pylori urease B with specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) U001 that has been shown to inhibit significantly urease activity. Two phage-displayed libraries were immunoscreened and the selected phage clones were analysed. The mimotopes were used to immunise BALB/c mice and the immune responses for the phagotopes were evaluated.
Genomic DNA extracted from H. pylori was used as a template for PCR. To amplify the DNA that encoded urease B, which included a major part of the active site, primers were designed as described in the Methods. An aliquot of the PCR mixture was analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis and a DNA fragment of about 1700 bp was detected, which corresponded to the expected position of urease B. The DNA sequence was submitted to GenBank (accession No. DQ141576). Expression of recombinant protein urease B-GST was harvested from Escherichia coli (Top10) and analysed by SDS-PAGE. We observed a band of 92 kDa, which corresponded to the predicted molecular size of the fusion protein (Figure 1). Soluble urease B-GST protein was purified by glutathione Sepharose (Figure 2) and used as the immunogen. Western blotting confirmed that sera from an H. pylori-infected patient specifically recognised the recombinant urease B protein, whereas the negative sera could not (Figure 2).
SDS-PAGE analysis of expression of pGEX-4T-1/urease B in E. coli. 1: pGEX-4T-1 before induction; 2: pGEX-4T-1 after induction; 3: pGEX-4T-1/urease B before induction; 4: pGEX-4T-1/urease B after induction; 5: protein marker.
SDS-PAGE analysis of purified urease B and Western blot analysis of urease B reactivity with patient serum. (A) Bacteria expressing GST-urease B were lysed by sonication, and the supernatant was applied to a Glutathione Sepharose 4B column. Purified urease B was analysed on a 10% SDS-PAGE. 1: purified urease B; 2: protein marker. (B and C) The gels were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes and probed with diluted human sera (1:50) from a normal donor or an H. pylori-infected patient. Detection was performed with a goat anti-human antibody linked to HRP (1:10,000), followed by staining with 3-amino-9-ethylcarbozole. 1: GST; 2: urease B; 3: protein marker.
Five hybridomas, U001-U005, were obtained by cell fusion. All mAbs were IgG1 (κ) and showed high specificity to urease B. The titre of culture supernatant and ascites fluid was 1:32-1:64 and 1:32,000-1:128,000, respectively. Triple serial concentrations of the antigen and each mAb were selected to construct the corresponding curves and to extrapolate the Kaff values using the formula given in the Methods section. The apparent Ka values for the five mAbs varied from 1×108/M to 1×1012/M. mAb U001 displayed the highest affinity of ~1012/M (data not shown).
Inhibition and competition studies using increasing concentrations of inhibitor or competitor mAbs revealed that four of the five mAbs (U001, U003, U004 and U005) competed significantly with each other, which indicated recognition of the same or overlapping epitopes. However, U002 did not compete with the other antibodies and recognised a distinct epitope.
Urease B enzymatic activity was measured and the inhibitory effects of U001 and U002 were quantitated by means of an inhibition assay. The inhibition rates were calculated by comparing mAb-treated and control rates for Urease B activity (Figure 3). U001 possessed the strongest inhibitory effect on urease B enzymatic activity, whereas mAb U002 had a very moderate effect.
Inhibition of urease B enzymatic activity by specific mAb U001. Urease (25 μl) was incubated with 25 μl mAb U001 or U002 (equivalent to 0-25 μg) in 96-well microtitre plates overnight at 4°C, with PBS as a control. On the following day, 50 μl 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) that contained 500 mM urea, 0.02% phenol red, and 0.1 mM DTT was added to each well. The colour development was monitored at 550 nm with a microplate reader. The inhibition ratio was determined by the following equation: [(activity without Ab - activity with Ab)/(activity without Ab)] × 100.
To map the neutralising epitopes of urease B that were recognised by mAb U001, the Ph.D.-12 and Ph.D.-C7C libraries were screened with this purified mAb. After three rounds of biopanning, the ratio of output/input increased (Table 1) and 70 clones (35 each from the Ph.D.-12 and Ph.D.-C7C libraries) were randomly selected. When tested by ELISA for their immunoreactivity with mAb U001, 29 dodecapeptide clones and 28 heptapeptide clones gave positive signals (Figures 4 and 5) with BSA cross-reactivity, and sequences of 15 clones for each library were tested. The deduced amino acid sequences of the corresponding inserts were identified as six different sequences for the Ph.D.-12 library and five for the Ph.D.-C7C library (Table 2). The deduced amino acid sequences of selected phage clones were aligned and analysed. The amino acid sequences appearing in more than three different selected clones and matched with urease B protein were grouped as the consensus residues and +summarised with bold letters (Table 2). Although these clones did not match the urease B protein sequence, they shared extensive homology with each other and were clustered and classified as the conformational epitopes of urease B. Peptide EXXXHDM from the Ph.D.-12 library and EXXXHSM from the Ph.D.-C7C library showed a good match with the urease B protein at 347-353 aa. Amino acids E, D, H, M and S are key residues of the urease B epitope.
Binding specificity of selected phage from the Ph.D.-12 library. Wells of 96-well microtitre plates were coated with mAb U001 and BSA (10 μg/ml, 100 μl) by incubation at 4°C overnight and blocked with 5% BSA in TBS. Affinity-selected phage were added to the wells and allowed to bind at 37°C for 1 h. After the unbounded phage was removed, the bound phage was detected by incubation with peroxidase-labelled murine anti-M13 antibodies. The bound peroxidase was determined by incubation with O-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride and the reaction was determined in an ELISA reader at OD492. All the assays were carried out in triplicate and the error bars indicate standard deviation.
Binding specificity of selected phage from the Ph.D.-C7C library. Wells of 96-well microtitre plates were coated with mAb U001 and BSA (10 μg/ml, 100 μl) by incubation at 4°C overnight and blocked with 5% BSA in TBS. Affinity-selected phage were added to the wells and allowed to bind at 37°C for 1 h. After the unbounded phage was removed, the bound phage was detected by incubation with peroxidase-labelled murine anti-M13 antibodies. The bound peroxidase was determined by incubation with O-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride and the reaction was determined in an ELISA reader at OD492. All the assays were carried out in triplicate and the error bars indicate standard deviation.
Competitive ELISA was performed to confirm the specificity of the positive clones. The results showed that the recombinant phage D1 clone (with EHWSHDMFSPGD sequence) and phage H1 clone (with EKLKHSM sequence) all inhibited the mAb U001 binding to recombinant urease B protein, whereas wild-type M13 phage had no effect (Figure 6).
Phage inhibition of mAb U001 binding to urease B protein. Wells of microtitre plates were coated with urease B protein and incubated with the mAb U001 (0.5 μg) plus increasing amounts (109-1015 pfu) of the selected phage (clones D1 and H1). The binding was monitored by OD492 measurements after reaction with the peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG. The inhibition ratio was determined by the following equation: [(activity without Ab - activity with Ab)/(activity without Ab)] × 100.
To evaluate the immune responses induced by the selected mimotopes as vaccine candidates, phage clones D1 and H1 were chosen to immunise BALB/c mice by intraperitoneal injection. Western blot analysis confirmed urease B recognition by the antisera (raised by phage clones and the controls; Figure 7). The sera from clone D1 (lane 1) and clone H1 (lane 2) reacted specifically with urease B protein at ~92 kDa, whereas the pre-immune serum (lane 3), and the serum induced by wild-type M13 phage (lane 4) or TBS (lane 5) were negative. Triplicate ELISA measurements demonstrated significant serum responses against urease B for each sample and specific antibody responses from clone D1 and H1 were higher than others. The immune response to wild-type M13 phage control was very low (Figure 8).
Western blot analysis of antiserum induced by phagotopes. Two phage (clones D1 and H1) were used to immunise BALB/c mice through intraperitoneal administration. For each immunisation, 1012 pfu phage (in 50 μl) was used, with TBS and wild-type M13 phage as controls. Three mice were immunised with each sample and pre-immune sera were obtained. The mice were bled once (pre-booster), and they were given a booster in the same manner. The immune mice were bled every 7 days after booster immunisation, and western blotting was performed to test each serum sample. 1: serum from D1 phagotope; 2: serum from H1 phagotope; 3: pre-immune serum; 4: serum from wild M13phage; 5: serum from TBS.
Serum antibodies induced by phagotopes. Two purified phage clones (D1 and H1) were used to immunise BALB/c mice through intraperitoneal administration. For each immunisation, phage (1012 pfu/50 μl) were used, with TBS and wild-type M13 phage as controls. Three mice were immunised with each sample and pre-immune sera were obtained. The mice were bled once (pre-booster), and they were given a booster in the same manner. The immune mice were bled every 7 days after the booster immunisation, and triplicate ELISAs were performed to test each serum sample with urease B as coated protein. All assays were carried out in triplicate and the error bars indicate standard deviation.
Computer-based analysis was performed to define the consensus amino acid residues of the mimotopes. Mimox wrapped ClustalW to align a set of mimotope sequences that were analysed using an embedded version of JalView. Figure 9 shows the resultant analysis, which identified E, H, D and M as the consensus amino acid residues in the aligned mimotopes.
Mimotopes selected out with U001 were input and aligned with ClustalW. (A) Alignment of multiple sequences by ClustalW. (B) The frequency of a given amino acid at each position of the alignment was calculated and displayed in a table. (C) A 3D bar figure was created. The x axis represents the 20 amino acid types and gap, whereas the y axis is the frequency of occurrence and the z axis is the position of the aligned sequences. (D) The alignment could be managed with JalView.
Investigators have demonstrated previously that peptide mimotopes obtained from phage epitope libraries or by chemical synthesis can bind antibodies raised against native structures. In fact, peptide mimotopes have been found for most, if not all, anti-carbohydrate mAbs . Moreover, peptide epitopes can mimic glycosphingolipids and oligonucleotide structures [15, 25]. In the case of mimotope immunisation, several studies have shown effective responses in vivo [26, 27]. Furthermore, protective immune responses by mimotope immunisation have been verified in many infectious diseases [7, 28–30].
In the field of vaccine design, the phage-displayed mimotopes have recently been shown to be possible vaccine components that do not necessarily represent the structural equivalents of the original antigen, but provide functional images that could replace the original epitopes for vaccine development [31–33]. Application of phage display technology to elucidate the essential chemical features of conformational or discontinuous epitopes that are recognised by some disease-related antibodies can provide important information about the molecular mechanisms of these diseases. The selected sets of peptides might also lead to the future design of more effective reagents for therapeutic and/or diagnostic purposes. The main advantage of the phage-based approach is that it does not produce a consensus sequence of a large pool of peptides that share a common property, but rather yields a list of peptide sequences, each of which is endowed with the same property. Alignment and comparison of the amino acid sequences of the selected clones can then determine one or more consensus sequences. This approach enabled us to obtain the epitope profile of H. pylori in an efficient manner. The profiles not only reveal the important roles of each antigen, but also provide the epitope structures within the antigenic protein that is involved in the induction of successful immune responses.
In this study, we first cloned and expressed urease B of H. pylori, which was then used as an immunogen to produce mAbs against this recombinant antigen by hybridoma technology. We obtained two types of mAb against different epitopes of urease B and observed that mAb U001 strongly inhibited its enzymatic activity, whereas mAb U002 did not induce this inhibitory activity. Therefore, mAb U001 could be beneficial for the prevention of bacterial growth and attachment to the gastric mucosa, thus, we identified the neutralising epitope of this mAb via two phage display libraries (Ph.D.-12 and Ph.D.-C7C). The two mimotopes of urease B were characterised via affinity screening, binding, competitive inhibition and DNA sequencing. Most clones from the Ph.D.-12 library share the core EXXXHDM sequence, therefore, we consider that EXXXHDM might be a motif of urease B because clone D1 (with this sequence) competitively inhibited U001 binding to urease B and induced an immune response in mice. Clone H1 (EKLKHSM sequence) from the Ph.D.-C7C library appeared at a high frequency and had the same function as clone D1. The mimotopes EXXXHDM and EXXXHSM, which are highly homologous with urease B residues 347-353 aa are also adjacent to a neutralising epitope on urease B (321-339 aa), as reported previously . Li et al. have identified a B-cell-neutralising epitope of urease B (211-225 aa) . These observations suggest that there are predominant antigenic epitopes on the urease B protein that are effectively targeted.
The mimotopes selected from the above-mentioned phage display libraries are not completely homologous with the known amino acid sequence of urease B. Many researchers have demonstrated similar results to ours using antibodies as a tool to screen phage display library mimotopes for other target protein antigens. One reason for the disparity in mimotope urease B sequences might be that the epitopes that are recognised by the generated mAbs could be a linear or conformational epitope that consists of a discontinuous amino acid sequence. In the latter case, the discontinuous amino acids could be in close spatial proximity due to the folding of peptides. We therefore speculate that amino acids E, D, H, M and S are key residues for the urease B epitope. Our results suggest that sequences that contain EXXXHDM and EXXXHSM with potential antigenicity and immunogenicity should be further studied for their use in the development of a diagnostic reagent, and vaccine that targets H. pylori urease B. It is particularly interesting that H3 and H12 screened from the Ph.D.-C7C library (Table 2) are exactly the same but in inverse order. Unlike the Ph.D.-12 phage display library, the randomised sequence of the Ph.D-C7C library is flanked by a pair of cysteine residues. Under non-reducing conditions, the cysteine residues spontaneously form a disulfide cross-link, which results in phage display of cyclized peptides. Disulphide-constrained peptide libraries have previously proven useful in identification of structural epitopes. From this study, we presume that the epitope recognised by mAb U001 is a structural epitope. Amio acid S and M, which are also included in H1, are the key amino acids that constitute this structural epitope.
Although the immune systems in mice and humans differ, it is still informative to check the immune responses and evaluate the potential of these experimental vaccine candidates in mice. Recombinant phage can display epitopes and also bear significant adjuvant activity , therefore, we directly used phagotopes as antigens to immunise mice. Our findings showed that the phage-displayed epitope was able to mimic immunological properties of the native epitope on H. pylori urease B. Furthermore, using phage-displayed epitopes as antigens, we were able to detect the antibody in the sera from immunised animals. The results suggest that the phagotopes also provide a convenient and economic approach to prepare antigens, and could be applied in an ELISA-based method for the rapid diagnosis of H. pylori infection.
We demonstrated the feasibility of identifying important mimotopes of urease B for vaccine development by screening phage-displayed random peptide libraries with mAb. The results also indicate the potential application of phagotopes as alternative vaccine components. Comparison of mimotopes selected from a peptide library with mAb and the original antigen sequence could lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that participate in the immune response and to the design of specific peptides for diagnostic purposes and vaccine development.
H. pylori strain NCTC11639 was obtained from the Department of Microbiology, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou, China). This cell line was routinely cultured on Columbia agar plates supplemented with 7% saponin-lysed horse blood, 0.004% triphenyltertrazolium chloride, and Dent selective supplement (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK) for 3 days at 37°C under a micoaerophilic atmosphere (5% O2,15% CO2 and 80% N2). A colony was picked up and inoculated into 20 ml Brucella broth (Becton Dickinson, Cockeysville, MD, USA) that contained 0.1% β-cyclodextrin supplemented with 5% (v/v) horse serum for 24 h. Two millilitres of culture medium was transferred to 40 ml fresh medium and the same processes were repeated twice. One millilitre of the incubated cell-containing medium (mostly spiral rather than coccoid bacteria) was plated on Brucella agar (Becton Dickinson) that contained 7% (v/v) defibrinated horse blood, and cultured for an additional 3 days at 37°C in a microaerophilic atmosphere. Bacterial cells were harvested and washed twice with cold PBS (25 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.2, 0.9% NaCl, pH 7.0). The cells were sedimented by centrifugation (5,000×g for 10 min at 4°C) and stored at -80°C.
Genomic H. pylori DNA was prepared using a DNA extraction kit (Takara, Belmont, Japan) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Extracted genomic DNA was then used as the template for amplification of the urease B coding region using the Taq DNA polymerase PCR kit (Takara). Two primer sequences that corresponded to the 5' and 3' end of coding gene plus EcoRI and SalI restriction sites were P1: 5'-TGCGAATTCAAAAAGATTAGCAGAAAA-3' and P2: 5'-GGGTCGACGAAAATGCTAAAGAGTTG-3'. The PCR products were cloned into an EcoRI- and SalI-digested pGEX-4T-1 expression vector (Amersham Biosciences). The plasmid was then transformed into E. coli strain TOP10 (Invitrogen BV, Leek, The Netherlands) and urease B expression was induced with 1 mM IPTG when the cells were in log phase growth at 37°C. After 4 h, the cells were harvested by centrifugation at 7000 rpm/min for 10 min and washed with ice-cold PBS that contained 5 mM EDTA and 2 mM PMSF. All subsequent procedures were performed at 4°C.
To purify recombinant urease B, the cells were resuspended in PBS that contained 5 mM EDTA and 2 mM PMSF and lysed by sonication on ice, and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 20 min to sediment cell debris. The supernatant was applied to Glutathione Sepharose 4B (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) to purify urease B protein according to the manufacturer's protocol. Urease B samples were analysed by electrophoresis on a 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel. The gels were stained for protein with 0.25% Coomassie Blue or transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) and probed with diluted human sera (1:50 dilution with PBS) from a patient diagnosed with H. pylori infection (positive serum) and a normal donor without infection (negative serum). Detection was performed with a goat anti-human antibody linked to horseradish peroxidase (1:10,000) followed by staining with 3-amino-9-ethylcarbozole (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) as a chromogen.
BALB/c female mice, 4-6 weeks old, were purchased from the Animal Center of Southern Medical University. The mice were immunised by intraperitoneal injection with 50 μg purified urease B-GST, which was emulsified with an equal volume of Freund's complete adjuvant. Three additional booster injections were administered using incomplete adjuvant every 2 weeks. Three days after the last injection, the spleen cells were harvested and fused with the Sp 2/0 mouse myeloma cell line. After 10-14 days, the culture supernatants were screened for positive mAbs against recombinant urease B-GST by ELISA. In the screening process, the mAbs that reacted with urease B-GST but not with GST were selected. Positive colonies were subcloned twice by limiting dilution. Ascitic fluid was obtained from mice primed with a 0.5-ml intraperitoneal injection of Pristane and then injected with 106 hybridoma cells. The class and subclass of each mAb were determined with a mouse monoclonal antibody isotyping kit (HyCult Biotechnology, Uden, The Netherlands). The mAbs were purified using protein G-Sepharose 4FF (Pharmacia) according to the manufacturer's instructions, to remove components that might have interfered with the biopanning experiments.
The antibody titres were determined by ELISA. Purified urease B-GST antigen was coated on the microtitre plates (100 μl/well, 5 μg/ml in coating solution, 0.1 M sodium bicarbonate, pH 9.6) (Corning, Corning, NY, USA) and incubated at 4°C overnight. The supernatants of the cell culture as well as the ascitic fluids were incubated with pre-coated urease B-GST (100 μl/well) for 2 h at 37°C. Goat anti-mouse IgG HRP (1:10,000 dilution with washing buffer) was used to detect urease B-GST mAbs and O-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (Pierce Chemicals) was used as substrate for HRP and the reaction was monitored at an absorption of 492 nm using a microplate reader (Model 550; Bio-Rad).
The affinity constant (Ka) of mAbs was determined by using a method that was developed by Beatty . Urease B-GST protein was coated on the ELISA plates at three different concentrations ([Ag], [Ag'], and [Ag'']) followed by incubation with each mAb at different concentrations. The Ka of each mAb was calculated based upon the sigmoid curves that represented the relationship between the concentration of mAb and the OD values. The antibody concentration at half maximal absorption for each curve was obtained by extrapolating the curves and named ([Ab], [Ab'], and [Ab'']). The Ka was calculated using the following equation: K = (n-1)/2(n [Ab'] -[Ab]), where n = Ag/Ag'.
Using competitive ELISA, the topology of the epitopes that were recognised by the mAbs was studied. Competitive tests compared the ability of the various unlabeled mAbs (competitors) to compete with the peroxidase-conjugated mAbs for binding to urease B that was immobilised on ELISA plates, in which saturating amounts of unlabelled mAbs were added to the plates coated with urease B protein before addition of labelled mAbs. Different concentrations of each competitor mAb in PBS, which contained a constant concentration of a labelled mAb, were co-incubated with immobilised urease B for 40 min at 37°C. Following extensive washing with PBS, the plates were developed with O-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (Pierce Chemicals) as mentioned above. Percentage inhibition was finally estimated based on the following calculation: percentage inhibition = [(OD without competitor) - (OD with competitor)/OD without competitor] ×100.
Purified H. pylori urease B was prepared. Stored cell pellets were thawed, resuspended in 10% n-octyl β-D-glucopyranoside (Wako Pure Chemical Industries), vortexed five times for 10 s each, and centrifuged at 10,000 × g for 20 min at 4°C). DL-Dithiothreitol (DTT; 0.1 mM) (Sigma) was added to the supernatant, and the mixture was applied to a PD-10 column (Sephadex G-25; Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sweden), and the eluate was dialysed against PBS that contained DTT. The eluate was applied to a column (Shoei Works Co.) with Affi-Gel Hz hydrazide gel (Bio-Rad) coupled to D12(S3) overnight in a cold room. The column was washed with PBS that contained DTT, and elution was performed with 5 M urea in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) that contained 0.1 mM DTT. The eluate was dialysed with the PD-10 column. The amount of protein was determined by Lowry's method.
The H. pylori urease inhibition test was carried out using the mAbs prepared above. Urease (25 μl) was incubated with 25 μl anti-urease B epitope mAb U001, U002 (equivalent to 0-25 μg) in 96-well microtitre plates overnight at 4°C, with PBS as the control. On the following day, 50 μl 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) that contained 500 mM urea, 0.02% phenol red, and 0.1 mM DTT was added to each well. The colour development was monitored at 550 nm with a microplate reader (Model 550; Bio-Rad). Percentage inhibition was determined by the following equation: [(activity without Ab - activity with Ab)/(activity without Ab)] × 100.
The Ph.D.-12 and Ph.D.-C7C libraries were obtained from New England BioLabs. They were combinatorial peptides that were fused to the minor coat protein (pIII) of M13 phage, and consisted of about 1.5×1013 and 2×1013 pfu/ml electroporated sequences, respectively. Three rounds of biopanning were undertaken according to the manufacturer's instructions, with some modifications. A plate well was coated with 100 μg/well of anti-urease B mAb U001 in 0.1 M NaHCO3, pH 8.6, and incubated overnight at 4°C. The well was washed 10 times with TBST (50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.5, and 0.1% Tween-20), filled with 400 μl blocking buffer (0.1 M NaHCO3, pH 8.6, 5 mg/ml BSA, and 0.02% NaN3), and incubated for 1 h at 4°C. In the first round of biopanning, 10 μl phage (1.5×1011) from the initial library, in 100 μl TBST, was incubated with the well-bound mAb for 1 h at room temperature, under rocking conditions. After repeated washes with TBST, the bound phage was eluted from the well with 100 μl elution buffer (0.2 M glycine-HCl, pH 2.2). After neutralisation with 15 μl 1 M Tris-HCl, pH 9.1, the eluted phage were amplified by infecting 20 ml of a 1:100 dilution of an overnight culture of E. coli ER2738. The culture was incubated for 4.5 h at 37°C with vigorous shaking. The supernatants were obtained and precipitated with PEG/NaCl.
In the second and third rounds of biopanning, 20% of the amplified phage from the preceding round was incubated with mAb U001 overnight at 4°C as described above. The procedures were identical to the first round except that the coated mAb concentration was 10 mg/l and 1 mg/l, and the washing steps were carried out with 0.3% and 0.5% TBST for the second and third round of biopanning, respectively.
Ninety-six-well plates were coated with mAb U001 and BSA (10 μg/ml, 100 μl) by incubation at 4°C overnight, and blocked with 5% BSA in TBS. Affinity-selected phage were added to the wells and allowed to bind at 37°C for 1 h. After the unbounded phage was removed with 5% TBST, the bound phage were detected by incubation with peroxidase-labelled murine anti-M13 antibodies (Promega, Madison, WI, USA). The bound peroxidase was determined by incubation with O-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (Pierce Chemicals) in buffer (30 mM citrate, 70 mM Na2HPO4, and 0.02% H2O2, pH 5.5). After the reaction was stopped by the addition of 3 N HCl, A492 was determined with an ELISA reader (model 550; Bio Rad). All the assays were carried out in triplicate.
The phage from the third biopanning eluate were cloned and amplified for DNA sequencing and immunoanalysis. The nucleotide sequence of the gene III insert was determined as per the instruction manual. The amino acid sequence of the insert was deduced from the nucleotide sequence and was compared with native urease B sequence using DNAMAN version 6.0 software. The sequences that appeared >3 times among the selected phage clones were classified as the consensus sequence. The aligned amino acid sequences shared by three (or more) identical amino acids within the dodecapeptides (heptapeptides) were determined as the mimotopes of the matched protein sequences.
Competitive ELISA analysed the binding specificities of the recombinant phage to the screened mAb U001. The wells of microtitre plates were coated with urease B protein and incubated with mAb U001 (0.5 μg) plus increasing amounts of the selected phage. The binding was monitored by OD492 measurements after reaction with the peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (Sigma).
To evaluate the potential of the selected mimotopes as experimental vaccine candidates, two purified phage clones (D1 and H1) were used to immunise female inbred specific-pathogen-free BALB/c mice through intraperitoneal administration. For each immunisation, phage (~1012 pfu/50 μl) was used, and TBS and wild-type M13 phage were used as the negative controls. Three mice were immunised with each sample and pre-immune sera (negative control) were obtained. The mice were bled once (pre-booster), and then they were given booster injections in the same manner. The immune mice were bled every 7 days after the booster immunisation, and ELISA and western blotting were performed to test each serum sample for H. pylori urease B-specific antibody activity.
MIMOX (http://immunet.cn/mimox/intro.html#7) is a web tool for bioinformatics analysis of peptide sequences derived from phage display. The interface ClustalW can align a set of mimotope sequences and deduce consensus sequences based on the aligned mimotopes through a simple statistical method. A set of mimotopes obtained above (including 6 dodecapeptides and 5 heptapeptides) was input and aligned with all parameters as defaults. The alignment can be viewed and managed through JAIView.
This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31070119) and also supported by grants from State Key Development Program of Basic Research of China (2007CB513101).
YL performed the majority of the bench work except for the preparation of mouse antibodies against urease B. YW also contributed the majority of the work except for screening the phage library. DP participated in cloning and expressing recombinant urease B. YJ and LZ performed ELISA and western blotting. ML and JL performed the culture of H. pylori and immunised the animals. YN and ML designed the experiments. YL wrote the manuscript and all authors have read and approved the final manuscript.


text:
Commentary on all things Catholic, Roman that is!
AN ORDINARY'S NOT SO ORDINARY LIFE, CHAPTER NINETEEN
MY ECCLESIASTICAL SERVICE
MY GOLDEN JUBILEE HOMILY
MY HONOR ROLL OF BISHOPS
MY MILITARY SERVICE
POPE PAUL VI AND I
SOME COMMENTS QUALIFY AS SPAM
THE RIGHT OF A BISHOP EMERITUS TO SPEAK
MY FAVORITE PSALM
← Bishop Athanasius Schneider IS WRONG !!!
SUPPORT BROTHER ALEXIS BUGNOLO'S ONGOING PRAYER RALLY AT THE BASILICA OF SAINT MARY MAJOR IN ROME →
CORRUPTIO OPTIMI PESSIMI. EDWARD PENTIN FALLS FROM JOURNALISTIC GRACE
Posted on March 7, 2020 by abyssum
PENTIN MARSHALS STRAW MEN TO THE FIGHT
MARCH 7, 2020 FROM ROME EDITORLEAVE A COMMENT
by Br. Alexis Bugnolo
Last summer, the HQ of Veri Catholici informed me that Edward Pentin began a long conversation with their Twitter Account lambasting me for my defense of the invalidity of the Renunciation of Pope Benedict, according to the norm of law. Veri Catholici chided Pentin in that exhange, which I think was published on twitter, that he had written nothing about the controversy. He was indignant. But now he has spoken.
In an article today at his personal blog, entitled, Debate Intensifies Over Benedict XVI's Resignation and Role as Pope Emeritus, Pentin marshals straw man after straw man to the fight. — I am referring to the arguments he cites, not the individuals he interviews.
I consider it a duty to the truth and Holy Mother Church to set out what is wrong in Pentin's article, which is so misleading. It is also a poor piece of journalism because he never interviews someone with a contrary opinion, though he seems to quote one scholar.
Misrepresenting the Historical Context
Pentin opens his piece by mispresenting the historical context of the debate, as if it has popped out of the blue in consequence of the Book Flap on Priestly Celibacy. The doubts as to the invalidity of the act arose the very days after it was published, from numerous scholars of Latin and canon law and philosophy at Rome and abroad. I have detailed only a few of these in the preface to my Scholastic Question, where I carefully examined, from NovemPentinber, 2018 to February of 2019 all the arguments for an against: Flavian Blanchon and Luciano Canfora know of whom I speak, so does Prof. Enrico Radaelli. Surely, also Edward Pentin, the renowned Vaticanista knows of them too.
Pentin invents the creation of the office of Pope Emeritus
Next, Pentin asserts as a given that the office of Pope Emeritus was created by Pope Benedict XVI. This is a complete misrepresentation. There is no act of Pope Benedict XVI whatsoever by which he created an office called, Pope Emeritus: neither before or after Feb. 2013. It is simply a title which he uses to describe himself. To call it an office and say it was created show a very sloppy terminology, if not complete ignorance of juridical procedures in canon law. Seeing that Pentin in his article has interviewed numerous scholars and canonists, how can he get that wrong?
Pentin then insults the intelligence of Pope Benedict XVI
Next, Pentin implies that Pope Benedict did not know what he was doing, because he did not consult with experts, out of a disdain for the College of Cardinals. I do not doubt he disdained them, but with good reason. Because if they cannot admit the canonical problem of renouncing ministerium rather than munus, after 7 years, then they are clearly incompetent, as he implied in his Declaratio of Feb. 11, 2013.
But to say that Pope Benedict did not know what he is doing, is simply a gratuitous slur. As a theologian he had discussed for several decades the distinction between the petrine ministerium and the petrine munus. He uses both terms in his Declaratio. Therefore it is contrary to fact to say or imply he did not know what he was doing.
Pentin then admits what all Vaticanista denied
I have questioned several Vaticanista and Mons. Arrieta, about the renunciation. None admit to knowing anything about the problems in the renunciation as of Feb. of 2013. But Pentin does, writing:
Other senior Vatican sources have said that between Benedict's announcement of his resignation on Feb. 11, 2013, and his departure from the apostolic palace three weeks later, a number of cardinals pressed Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, then Vatican Secretary of State, to clarify the canonical status of an abdicated pope as they saw it could be "potentially problematic," but "nothing was done."
It would be for the good of the Church to know the names of these Cardinals. And they should come forward and explain their concerns.
Pentin then attempts to subjectivize the Controversy
Pentin then begins a discourse, in pure Marxist diversionary style, which speaks of the controversy as if it is a problem in Benedict XVI's mind, with his intention, his understanding, his sense of office, etc.. At the end of which, he dismissed his straw man by saying the Church is not concerned with the interior states of a resigned popes mind.
This totally ignores the objective reality of the papal act of Feb. 11, 2013, which I have shown elsewhere is an administrative act, not a juridical act, because there is no such juridical act in the Code of Canon Law, in the section on juridical acts, canons 125 ff..
The objective reality of a papal act are the words it uses and the signification those words have. The effect of the act follows. But Pentin ignores this, as do all who want Bergoglio to be the Pope, because it is there that the problem is found, and it is there the evidence is manifest.
Pentin then drops a crumb and moves on
Pentin then writes:
But more importantly, questions hinge on comments Benedict and others have made over whether he has fully abdicated the ministerium (active ministry) of the Successor of Peter but not the papal munus (office) — a bifurcation which canonists and theologians say is impossible.
But he never opens the argument, he just moves on to what Pope Benedict said about his renunciation after the fact. This is simply dishonest reporting. Because as he knows well, it is in that where the entire controversy has its source and being.
Pentin then raises the straw man of Inner Responsibility
I have to say that those who refuse to look at ministerium and munus in the Declaratio are really creative in thinking of some other problem to raise so as to shift the conversation. Inner responsibility. What balderdash! Who has ever spoken of this neologism? Its absurd. Pentin is attempt to say Benedict is acting like the pope, after the Resignation because he is super-scrupulously faithful to the previous office he held.
This is simply a snide insult.
Pentin then hides the core controversy
In the section on Inner Responsibility, Pentin inappropriately cuts and pastes in the discussion on the canonical validity. He writes:
Noting that Benedict has preferred to leave his status "unregulated," De Caro argues that the title "Pope Emeritus" is, in itself, of concern as it "involves a sort of split between the primatial office of the Pope and that of the Bishop of Rome" — a division which, because those aspects of the papacy are "united in the one person of the Roman Pontiff," presents "inevitable legal-theological implications."
De Caro is not the first to question the Pope Emeritus title: Archbishop Rino Fisichella, president of the Pontifical Council for Promoting the New Evangelization, also expressedreservations, saying in 2017 it "theologically creates more problems than solving them."
But whereas Archbishop Fisichella recognizes the validity of the resignation, De Caro goes a step further, asking whether a pope could legitimately create ex nihilo (out of nothing) such an unprecedented figure as a Pope Emeritus. He believes this "would not be possible" because it would "touch on divine law" given that the institution of the papacy is "of direct divine creation."
To imply the papal office is by its very nature divisible, and that it us up to "human willingness to choose which faculties to renounce and which to maintain, is in blatant violation of dPivine law," De Caro writes in an essay of "brief reflections" on the "emeritus papacy." He concludes, therefore, that the Benedict's resignation is invalid as it is "contrary to divine law itself."
Caro is an honest man. And he is correct. But Barnhardt said it 4 years ago, and Pentin fails to quote her, though he does quote several other laymen who have no credentials to speak about the controversy. I suppose he is a chauvanist.
But he does quote Mark Docherty of Non Veni in Pacem. And I will tip my hat to Pentin for that.
Pentin then drops the bomb
Here I will thank Pentin for writing these words, which Mons. Bux would not even admit to me:
He added that canonist friends of his are "firmly convinced" of the invalidity of the resignation based on the traditional canonical axiom, "doubtful resignation, no resignation" — a reference to St. Robert Bellarmine's assertion that "a doubtful Pope is no Pope" if a "papal election is doubtful for any reason."
Here, Pentin let the cat out of the bag. The truth is, that all serious canonists hold that the Declaratio has not the proper form to effect an act conformable to the requirements of Canon 332 § 2. And that therefore Benedict XVI is still the pope, because the presumption in any doubtful resignation is that the Pope is still the pope. The principle here is the cessation of power or right is not to be presumed.
Pentin then quotes Salza
What can I say here, you quote a layman who holds no degree in canon law against a host of canonists know by Mons. Bux, to show that they are wrong. How hard do you want me to laugh at such pathetic journalism.
Pentin then quotes a lie about the Declaratio
Citing an anonymous source — liars hide themselves of course — he presents the argument that the Renunciation is only invalid if Benedict knows how to distinguish munus from ministerium and did so in the act. His priest source says he did not. But anyone reading the Latin of the Declaratio sees that he did. He used munus 2 times and ministerium 3 times.
Pentin then misrepresents Cardinal Brandmueller's study
In 2016, Cardinal Brandmueller wrote a study on whether a Pope can renounce. In that study however, he never read the first clause in Canon 332 §2. So that study has no value whatsoever in this controversy, since it is there that Pope John Paul II required a renunciation of munus, not ministerium.
If the Cardinal, therefore, thinks the renunciation is valid, it probably has to do with the fact that he never considered the problem. But the Cardinal I think knows his study does not address the problem, because I wrote to him to discuss it and his secretary made polite excuses to refuse.
Pentin then rehashes the red herring of the non sacramentality of the Papal Office
There is absolutely no evidence to think that Pope Benedict XVI thinks the Papal office is a sacrament. The entire explanation in his behavior since Feb. 2013 lies in the fact, obvious in his Declaratio, that he renounces the ministerium, not the munus. As canon 1331 §2, n. 4 shows, the dignitas, officium and munus are on the same plane, but the ministerium is not. Thus if you retain the munus, which is the theological and canonical cause of the officium and the dignitas, then you obviously have the right to continue to call yourself pope and keep the papal honors. That is because you are still THE POPE.
Pentin then follows the golden goose of rectifying the Pope Emeritus title
The title pope emeritus reveals that Benedict claims still the papal dignity, which cannot be without the munus. He did not renounce the munus. So Bergoglian apologists like Pentin have to push the narrative of solving the problem of the Emeritus thing. To hide the evidence. But that is not going to fool anyone. Bergoglio has no more authority to fix the problem than a drunk sleeping under the porticoes of the Sala Stampa on the Via Conciliazione!
Pentin ends with a shell game
His final section is entitled, Putting the Question to Benedict. But nothing in that section is about putting the question to Benedict. If Pentin did do that, he would find that things are not as he has attempted to present them in his hachet job on the truth.
About abyssum
I am a retired Roman Catholic Bishop, Bishop Emeritus of Corpus Christi, Texas
View all posts by abyssum →
rhg1923@gmail.com
In his burning desire to connect with us God—sacred mystery—has distilled the whole of himself into a human person. This makes it possible for us to know, in our own sphere and at our own level, the whole of a truth which in its essence is beyond us. The kind of "knowing" we must do is expressed in French by connaître rather than by savoir: we must not try and grasp him intellectually like a fact, but to grow intimate with him as with a friend. It is rightly and literally said, then, that when at last we know reality, we will know it face-to-face. –
IT SEEMS THAT WE ARE IN FOR FOUR YEARS OF LIES
FLASHBACK: Nancy Pelosi REBUFFED BY POPE BENEDICT XIV DURING HER 2009 MEETING IN THE VATICAN WITH THE POPE
IS IT LOGICAL THAT A MAN WHO OCCUPIES THE CHAIR OF PETER CAN BE BOTH A HERETIC AND THE POPE?
PORTRAIT OF THE DEATH OF AN ARCHDIOCESE OF THE Roman Catholic Church. ALAS POOR Catholic Church, I KNEW IT WELL HORATIO !!!
The sad truth is that far too many bishops and media types, not to mention lay Catholics, have treated the teachings of Christ like nothing more than a party platform that depends on surveys and polling data. They do this with impunity even when dealing with the unspeakable act of killing a baby prior to birth.Bidenized Catholicism reeks of evil, and as we know, requires prayer, fasting, and continued vigilance to drive it out.
TAKING A VACCINE THAT HAS BEEN TESTED USING KIDNEY CELLS FROM LIVING UNBORN BABIES IS GRAVELY SINFUL
AS EXPECTED, Hunter Biden IS REPORTEDLY ADVISING HIS FATHER, JOE, ON CHINA. HE IS AN 'EXPERT' ON CHINA SINCE HE RECEIVED A BILLION DOLLARS FROM CHINA
The greatest weakness of the Trump base, and of Trump himself – the real reason why we lost the election – is the continuing unnatural and self-deluding separation of "bread and butter" fiscal issues from "not my business" social issues. Trump tried to rectify this problem but was only partially successful because he followed the example of the corrupt Republicans who have always used the pro-life issue as a panacea to the working-class Christian right, while simultaneously pandering to the big-spending "gays."
Rip McIntosh PUBLISHES ON HIS BLOG THE FAREWELL LETTER OF HEROIC WRITER Bari Weiss ADDRESSED TO A.G. SULZBERGER, THE PUBLISHER OF THE New York Times.
A PRAYER OF DELIVERANCE FOR PRESIDENT Donald Trump
IT ALL DEPENDS ON WHOSE OX IS BEING GORED
In his burning desire to connect with us God—sacred mystery—has distilled the whole of himself into a human person. This makes it possible for us to know, in our own sphere and at our own level, the whole of a truth which in its essence is beyond us. The kind of "knowing" we must do is expressed in French by connaître rather than by savoir: we must not try and grasp him intellectually like a fact, but to grow intimate with him as with a friend. It is rightly and literally said, then, that when at last we know reality, we will know it face-to-face. -
thefederalist.com/2021/01…
lifesitenews.com/blogs/th…
r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=0016…
catholicmonitor.blogspot.…
thecatholicmonitor.com
cdn.substack.com/image/fe…
hprweb.com/2017/01/the-ne…
thegatewaypundit.com/2021…
Follow ABYSSUS ABYSSUM INVOCAT / DEEP CALLS TO DEEP on WordPress.com


text:
Saul Stacey Williams, född 29 februari 1972 i Newburgh, är en amerikansk poet och musiker. Williams har uppträtt tillsammans med bland annat The Mars Volta, Nine Inch Nails, The Fugees, Blackalicious, Erykah Badu och KRS-One. Han har även varit aktiv i den amerikanska rörelsen för DRM-fri musik.

Williams spelade huvudrollen i den prisade independentfilmen Slam, och han har haft mindre roller i andra filmer, exempelvis som Ernie i filmen K-PAX.

Diskografi
Penny For A Thought/Purple Pigeons (2000)
Amethyst Rock Star (2001)
Not in My Name (2003)
Saul Williams (2004)
The Inevitable Rise and Liberation of NiggyTardust! (2007)
NGH WHT - The Dead Emcee Scrolls with The Arditti Quartet (2009)

Externa länkar

Officiell webbplats
Slam på Internet Movie Database

Amerikanska poeter
Födda 1972
Män
Levande personer
Amerikanska musiker
Amerikanska skådespelare
Personer från Newburgh, New York

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Discussion in 'News & PR' started by TalkBass, May 29, 2018.
Vinny Tomassetti, Jaco Pastashoot, Hans Engelmann and 3 others like this.
Absolutely incredible re-imagination of an already amazing song! If you haven't picked it up yet, do it now!!!
Definitely a stellar performance! Don't miss this one!
I have to be honest, a confession so to speak. I'm a big Jeff Berlin fan. I think he is an amazing jazz soloist who happens to play bass. When Jeff posted that he was releasing an updated version of Joe Frazier, I figured why not, I'll support the cause, maybe I'll like it. At the very least I'll hear some great playing, even if it's not my favorite Jeff Berlin music. Boy was I wrong! I got a lot more than I bargained for.
This track cooks, constantly. It's a never ending, high energy ride. Just when you think one section is over, that the music can't get any higher, then another lift of musical energy happens. JF3 starts with an opening chord that sounds like processed harmonics on the bass and then the music starts percolating. On JF3 the sound of Jeff's bass is amazing, especially for this track. The bass is clear with just the right amount of growl. Also, Jeff's playing is smoother than ever. As great as Jeff is as a bassist, his playing has actually improved over the years. It is more fluid and has more swagger than ever. I'm not even talking about the solo, I mean the bass part.
Jeff's playing is just incredible. Jeff throws in these licks that are filled with enough *** while the piano and organ come in and out with stabs and riffs. A weird harmonized interlude happens and then the guitar solo happens. I have another confession by the way. Even though I am an amateur bassist, I love screaming, fast guitar. Steve Vai does not disappoint. The band is keeping the pulse going and Vai is like a screaming, distorted, eagle in flight. Guitarists will go nuts for this solo.
After the Vai flies into the wild blue wonder we come to the part I call the gospel section. This is the part where chills go up my spine. You know what gives me the chills? Beethoven's 9th, 4th Movement. So when I say that this section of the music music gives me chills, that music is in high company.
Now we come to Jeff's solo.This is bass shredding. Jeff is filling the solo space in a way that few can. Jeff screams and howls in the first part of the solo, like a twisting and bending blues guitar on acid. But, next, Jeff does what he does best, playing over the changes. Beautiful! It's such joyous and carefree thing to hear. Unbelievable bass solo.
Back to playing over the changes and back to church with the gospel section. Then, the music lifts to the sky for the last sixteen bars like a military jet coming in. I'm spent. The song ends on a low bass note that sounds like it went through every pedal on Earth. JF3 has become my energy song, the sound track to lift me up. Listening is believing.
Charlzm, Roy Vogt and Vinny Tomassetti like this.


If you are Searching for product items by either Cincinnati, or Hometown Collection currently, we have found 32 Similar Results Found!
Cincinnati Bengals, Pro "Line" Womens, Hometown Collection Tri-blend V-neck T-shirt - Heathered (Orange).
Cincinnati Bengals, Pro "Line" Hometown Collection Tri-blend T-shirt - (Black).
Cincinnati Bengals, Pro "Line" Hometown Collection Long Sleeve T-shirt - (Black).
Cincinnati Bengals, Pro "Line" Womens, Simplicity Relaxed T-shirt - (Orange).
Cincinnati Bengals, Pro "Line" Straight Out Long Sleeve T-shirt - (Orange).
Cincinnati Bengals, Pro "Line" Womens, Straight Out Relaxed T-shirt - (Orange).
Cincinnati Bengals, Pro "Line" Team Lockup Long Sleeve T-shirt - (Orange).
Cincinnati Bengals, Pro "Line" Womens, Vintage Pocket Boatneck Sweatshirt - (Orange).
Cincinnati Bengals, Pro "Line" Womens, Straight Out Relaxed Long Sleeve T-shirt- (Orange).
Cincinnati Bengals, Pro "Line" By Fanatics, Branded Womens Spirit Jersey Long Sleeve T-shirt - (Black) Orange.
Denver Broncos, Pro "Line" Youth Hometown Collection T-shirt - (Orange).
Aj (Green) Cincinnati Bengals, Youth Mainliner Nameandnumber T-shirt - Orange.
Cincinnati Bengals, Pro "Line" Youth Team Lockup T-shirt - (Black).


I think I should share a New Year message that I received.
In this version you can now specify which directory to search for User(s)/Group(s).
A big shout of thanks to Cameron, for providing the idea.
You can download NUMSys 2.1 from here.
I keep hearing about the pain in producing a sensible SOX report. If someone out there is interested in providing the samples they produce for user access. I can try to add that in to the documentation module.


text:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 [14] 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184
(exhibition catalogue). Mexico: Ancient and Modern. Represented by a Selection of Works in the Bancroft Library. Photo available. Berkeley Friends of Bancroft Library. 1957. 95 pps. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
(Ezra Meeker Historical Society). Ezre Meeker. Compiled from His Own Writings, Magazine and Newspaper Accounts of His Many Activities and the Writings of His Contemporaries. Payallup. Ezra Meeker Historical Society. 1972. 24 pps. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
(Fajo). Star Trek Customizable Card Game. The Fajo Collection. Signed, limited edition. Slip case. Photo available. np. np. [1997]. 4to. Decorated hard cover. First edition. Signed by the Chairman & C.E.O. Signed, authentication certificate. Limited edition, number 11260. Rare cards. Very scarce in this condition. Fine set. Complete in fine slip case.
(Families of Darke County, Ohio). Families of Darke County, Ohio. County History. Photo available. Greenville. Darke County Genealogical Society. 1994. 731 pps. 4to. Gilt decorated hard cover. First edition. Illustrated. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
(Findhorn Community). Faces of Findhorn. Images of a Planetary Family. Photo available. New York. Harper & Row. 1978. Octavo. Hard cover. First edition. Illustrated. Near fine copy (lacks front end paper).
(Fishwives of Charleston, Oregon). Cook Book Presented by the Fishwives of Charleston, Oregon. Coos Bay. Self published. 1975. 330 pps. 4to. Soft cover. Reprint. Illustrated. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
(Gang-Nail). A Handbook of Prefabricated Wood Trusses. Gang-Nail Floor Systems. Roof Systems. For Architects, Engineers, Contractors, and Fabricators Concerned with Engineered Timber Building and Related Structures. The Wood Truss Handbook. Photo available. Miami. Gang-Nail Systems. 1981. 190 pps 4to. Gilt decorated hard cover. First edition. Illustrated. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy in fine dust jacket (in mylar).
(Gourmet). The Gourmet Cookbook. Two Volumes. Photo available. New York. Gourmet. 1955. Octavo. Gilt decorated hard covers. Revised edition. 2 volumes. Illustrated in black, white and color. Very scarce in this condition. Fine set.
(Grosvenor). Grosvenor Auction of British Empire and Foreign Countries. Postage Stamps and Postal History. Photo available. London. Grosvenor. May, 2014. 4to. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated in black, white and color. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
(Hakes). Forty Years of Pop Culture. Just the Beginning. Hakes 40th Anniversary. 1967-2007. Photo available. Timonium. Hake's American & Collectibles. 2007. 4to. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated in black, white and color. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
(Heritage Auction). U.S. Coin Auction. March 17-20, 2011. Sacramento. Photo available. np. Heritage Numismatic Auctions. 2011. 4to. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated in black, white and color. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
(Heritage Committee). Heritage of Faith. A 75 year History of Carmichael Presbyterian Church. 1923 -1998. Carmichael. Self published. 1998. 227 pps. + appendices. 4to. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
(Heritage Committee). Heritage of Faith. A 75 year History of Carmichael Presbyterian Church. 1923 -1998. Photo available. Carmichael. Self published. 1998. 227 pps. + appendices. 4to. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
(Hope Centennial Committee). Hope Through the Century. Hope North Dakota. 1882-1982. County History. Photo available. Fargo. Centennial Book Committee. nd. 656 pps. 4to. Gilt decorated hard cover. First edition. Illustrated. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
(Institutional Investor). The Way It Was. An Oral History of Finance: 1967-1987. New York. William Morrow & Co. 1988. 815 pps. Octavo. Hardcover. First edition. Very scarce in this condition. Important reference work. Fine copy in near fine dust jacket (in mylar).
(Irving, Washington). Alahambra: A Series of Tales and Sketches of the Moors and Spaniards (1832). Alhambra. Photo available. [Philadelphia] np. Kessinger Pub. nd. 4to. Soft cover. First edition thus. Very scarce in this condition. Important reference work. Fine copy.
(J.J. Keller). The Story of J.J. Keller & Associates, Inc. Publishing & Services. Neenah, Wisconsin. Creation, History, Progress. 50th Anniversary Publication. Photo available. Menasha. Self published. 2003. 150 pps. 4to. Hardcover. First edition. Illustrated in black, white and color. Important reference work. Fine copy in fine dust jacket (in mylar).
(Jefferson Rarities). The Jefferson Rarities Collection. An Offering of Rare and Historically Significant Manuscripts, Autographs, Books and Publications. Photo available. Jefferson. Jefferson Rarities. nd. 272 pps. 4to. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated in black, white and color. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
(Jefferson, Thomas). The Jefferson Bible. The Life of Jesus and Moral of Jesus of Nazareth. Costa Mesa. Noontide. 1989. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition thus. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy (owner blind stamp).
(Jekyll Island Garden Club). Golden Isles Cuisine. A Collection of Culinary Gems from the Golden Isles of Georgia. Jekyll Island. Jekyll Island Garden Club. 1978. Octavo. Spiral bound. First edition. Illustrated. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
(Joe Satriani). Joe Satriani. Guitar Secrets. Port Chester. Cherry Lane. 1993. 4to. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Fine copy.
(Junior League of Odessa, Texas). The Wild, Wild, West Cookbook. Cuisine from the Land of Cactus and Cowboys. Photo available. Odessa. The Junior League of Odessa. 1991. 4to. Hardcover. First edition. Illustrated in black, white and color. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
(Junior League of Tampa). The Gasparilla Cookbook. Tampa. Junior League. 1993. Octavo. Hard cover. Reprint. Illustrated. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy in fine dust jacket (in mylar).
(Kaiser Industries). The Kaiser Story. Photo available. Oakland. Kaiser Industries. 1968. 72 pps. 4to. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
(Larousse). Larousse Gardening and Gardens. London. Paul Hamlyn. 1990. 4to. Hard cover. First edition. Illustrated in black, white and color. Fine copy in fine dust jacket (in mylar).


text:
Athens City Council Considering Ordinance Requiring Face Coverings In Public
By: Michelle Rotuno-Johnson
Posted on: Saturday, July 11, 2020
ATHENS, Ohio (WOUB) — Athens City Council is one step closer to approving an ordinance requiring face masks in public places.
Council members, the mayor, and community members discussed the merits of the current draft during at a committee of the whole emergency meeting on Friday evening conducted via video conference.
Screenshot of Athens City Council special session July 10, 2020.
Athens County has seen a spike of COVID-19 cases in July, and a number of uptown businesses have closed again.
City Council will conduct a first reading of the measure in another emergency meeting on Monday, July 13, at 7p.m. Council could decide to suspend the rules that require additional discussion and pass the ordinance in that special session.
As it's written, the ordinance requires people to cover their nose and mouth while entering, exiting, or waiting to enter businesses; city buildings, and public transportation. It also requires people to wear a mask in the city while outdoors if they are unable to remain at least six feet apart from people.
There are several exceptions to the requirement. These include individuals with medical conditions, mental health conditions, or developmental disabilities; children under 10 years old; individuals walking or exercising while remaining six feet apart; restaurant and bar patrons who are eating and drinking; and public safety employees who may have a limited capacity to do their job while masked.
Anyone cited in violation of the proposed ordinance would receive a $100 fine payable to the city via the Athens Police Department. Citizens would be able to appeal the ordinance. And, those who do not request an appeal or pay the fine within 30 days would receive a minor misdemeanor citation.
Each council member said he or she was in support of the ordinance. Some had clarifying questions or suggestions, including Beth Clodfelter, city council representative at-large, who said a $100 fine may be too steep in a time when many have lost jobs or had reduced hours.
"I think it could be considered almost punitive to people who are struggling financially," she said.
Grace said she does not think police officers will immediately walk up to people and give them a fine.
"People are gonna be given plenty of opportunities to comply before they would have a cost assessed to them," she said.
Several community members also voiced their opinions.
Yellow Springs is the first municipality in Ohio to pass an ordinance requiring mask-wearing and social distancing. [Jason Saul | WYSO]
Kellye Blosser said she did not think the exception for people eating and drinking at bars and restaurants would be enough to limit the spread of COVID-19.
"When we flattened the curve we were in lockdown, we didn't have open bars, we didn't have open restaurants, we didn't have open coffee shops," she said.
"I don't think this will keep us safe and I strongly urge all of you to look at this list of exemptions. …frankly, with these exemptions none of us are going to be safe."
Grace responded by saying Council did not take any of the exemptions lightly. City Law Director Lisa Eliason added the Ohio Department of Health already mandates six feet between tables or groupings in bars, coffee shops, and restaurants.
Brittan Posey asked how the city was addressing house parties and large gatherings.
"House parties are obviously a big issue and obviously, in other areas such as Florida, are causes of a big spike in cases," Posey said.
Mayor Steve Patterson said the Athens City Police Department can respond to large gatherings and remind people that Governor Mike DeWine's order preventing groups of 10 people or more gathering is still in effect.
Athens CountyAthens OhioCOVID-19face maskface mask ordinancepublic health
Athens City Council Approves Pay Raise And New Budget Athens City Council Passes Historical Preservation Ordinance Parkersburg City Council Rejects Nondiscrimination Ordinance City Council Debates Pool Ordinance


Global banks need to do more to protect themselves from cyber-attacks after a "significant evolution" in the threat level in the last 18 months, according to a report by SWIFT and BAE Systems.
Hackers are deploying increasingly sophisticated ways of breaching banks' cyber defenses to launch finely orchestrated attacks.
Intruders can spend more than a year reconnoitering targets once they have gained access to their computer systems.
The number of reported cyber-attacks against Financial Conduct Authority regulated companies alone rose to 89 in 2016 from five in 2014.
A year ago, Tesco Bank, the lending unit of the U.K.'s biggest grocer, suffered an attack in which money was taken from about 20,000 consumer accounts.
In February 2016 hackers exploited weaknesses in how banks connect to the SWIFT system to steal a record-breaking $81 million from Bangladesh's central bank.
Cyber-attacks are at the top of regulators' concerns in the U.S. as well; the nominee to head the Federal Reserve said that cybersecurity may be the biggest risk that U.S. banks face.
Shipping company Clarksons is bracing for a tranche of private data to be released, after refusing to pay a ransom to a hacker who staged a "criminal attack" on its computer systems.
The world's largest shipbroker said it was working with specialist police and contacting customers who may have been affected after a "cybersecurity incident".
Shares in Clarksons fell by more than 2% after the announcement, despite the company's insistence that the hack would not affect its ability to do business.
The shipbroker arranges charter ships to transport goods, as well as helping shipping companies raise finance and providing services such as logistics and equipment.
Clarksons is just the latest company to be hit a major cyber-attack, joining a list that includes Uber, Deloitte, Yahoo, and Equifax.
Since being hacked, Clarksons mentioned it has consulted data security experts and is investing "heavily" to shore up its defences, amid a broader cybersecurity review.
Departments like HR and finance are often the easiest targets for social engineering and phishing attacks.
Many IT staffers still consider themselves the biggest risk, whether incidents occur accidentally or intentionally.
This is largely due to the fact that IT staff often possess higher access rights than those in other departments, making them a prime target for cyber criminals.
The survey included responses from 222 IT executives, security professionals, auditors, CIOs, and CISOs.
When asked about security analytics, 47% of respondents said the time and location of login was the most important user data for spotting malicious activity; using corporate devices (41%) and biometrics identification (31%) were also considered.
In terms of security technology plans, nearly one-fifth of security professionals said they plan to use analytics to track privileged user behavior in the next year, regardless of budget.
Sysadmins were considered the largest threat within the privileged user network by 42% of IT workers surveyed, followed by C-suite executives.
While executives do not typically possess high-level IT skills, their credentials are worth more to hackers than any other group in an organization.
Personal employee data was named the most valuable asset for hackers by 56% of respondents, as it can easily be sold, followed by customer data (50%), and financial information (46%).
As attacks become more sophisticated, it is not enough to just keep the bad guys out; security teams must continuously monitor what their own users are doing with their access rights.
Mobile phones have become the new prey of choice for hackers and other nefarious individuals; once compromised, our phones offer easy access to our personal and financial information.
Despite growing threats to our smartphones, most people still don't take basic security precautions.
A 2016 report says $34 million is spent annually on mobile app development while only $2 million is spent on app security.
Many people use their phone for two-factor identification and password resets, but if a hacker takes control of your phone number they can gain access to your online accounts.
Apps are another way that hackers can infiltrate your phone – malicious code can be inserted into free versions of popular apps.
Immediately change factory passwords on your phone, and avoid settings for auto-login or saving passwords.
Keep your operating system up-to-date, and back up your phone regularly.
Use a dedicated email address for authentication and pin number resets (this email address should be different from your personal address, which may be widely known).
Be cautious about installing apps from unknown sources, especially free versions of popular apps.
Only download apps from official sources (like the App Store or Google Play).
Do not access sensitive information while using unsecure public Wi-Fi.
Use a VPN to create a more secure channel between your smartphone and the internet.
Set your phone's lock-screen feature to engage quickly when the phone is not in use.
Set your phone to auto-erase if too many incorrect logins are attempted.
Turn off your phone's Bluetooth feature when not in use.
Enable the "Find my phone" feature so that you can quickly locate it if it's lost or stolen.
Consider installing security software on your phone – but only approved and well-known software (which usually is not free).
Try not to keep personal information on your phone for too long.
Turn off your devices when not in use, especially when travelling.
Install privacy screens for your devices.
For those of us who travel extensively overseas each year, particularly to China and other countries of economic espionage concern, we recommend using "throwaway" phones, which can be destroyed after each trip.
Protect yourself by recognizing the threats ahead of time and making the efforts to mitigate them.
Experts support locking down sensitive data to keep it out of the wrong hands; on the other hand, companies can go overboard with restrictions making it difficult for workers to do their jobs efficiently.
So employees find workarounds; it's a scenario that slows productivity and puts the data itself in jeopardy.
Cybersecurity teams don't need to overhaul their operations to achieve a better balance of security measures and usability.
Complex passwords: Organizations should be smart with their password policies and limit the complex requirements to more reasonable levels.
Sharing passwords: Cybersecurity teams should work with the business to more accurately identify which users need access to which files and then create policies on how to security-enable that shared access.
Sign-in overload: some workers circumvent frequent log-in requirements by moving data out of secure applications to a spot where they can work more easily. You have to find the right balance between security and convenience – solutions could include using identity management and single sign-on solutions, tokens, and biometrics.
Data held hostage: Security needs to spend more upfront work on data classification to protect the truly sensitive pieces of information, while removing barriers to the less sensitive information that most workers use for their jobs.
Cumbersome workflow: Sometimes the design of systems doesn't easily accommodate the existing day-to-day workflow patterns. Companies need to invest in technologies and system designs that make it easy for workers to follow the rules and, more importantly, automate as much of that as possible.
Apple has released a guide to fix a flaw which allowed anyone to log into macOS High Sierra without needing password.
The vulnerability allows users of macOS 10.13 to gain admin rights, or log in as root, simply by clicking a login box several times.
The flaw was first disclosed to the world by a developer via Twitter after the company failed to take action when the flaw was discussed earlier on Apple's developer forums.
Apple is reportedly working on a software patch now.
To exploit the vulnerability, users simply need to bring up the authentication dialog box, type in 'root' as a username, leave the password blank, press Enter, then click 'unlock' a couple of times.
Fortunately, the workaround to the flaw appears simple – all users need to do is configure a root password and the flaw will no longer work.
The EU's attempts to update its privacy laws for the digital age are firmly stuck, with a leaked paper showing national governments failing to make headway on almost every aspect.
The new law, proposed by the European Commission in January, tackles questions such as telecom operators' responsibility to safeguard private online communications and the rights of companies to harvest the data of people surfing the web to target advertising.
Estonia, which is chairing the talks on behalf of EU governments as current holder of the EU's rotating presidency, has acknowledged the poor progress.
The e-privacy rules, which will apply to all data in transit, need to be consistent with the GDPR in dealing with personal data, where their scopes overlap.
Governments have also proposed that the e-privacy rules only apply to data in transit, and not how it is dealt with by the applications that send or receive the data.
Estonian negotiators are wondering whether "regulation is needed at all" concerning online advertising given some of the services emerging on the market that help consumers decide how and when they may be traced.
Authorities are also wary of "undermining legitimate business models" as a result of overzealous policing of online tracking techniques.
When it comes to whether communications data can and should be available to law enforcement agencies to help them prevent crime, debate is still wide open.
Estonian officials also stressed that the note only covers a selection of topics where some progress had been achieved, and that many other areas are also still subject to open discussion.
The European Parliament has voted to fix its position on the bill, largely endorsing a pro-privacy stance that has angered online advertisers and technology companies, but with a weak mandate after political groups voted against the proposed text.