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Two Members Of R&B Band, Tower of Power, Hit By An Amtrak Train In Oakland
Two members of the R&B band, Tower of Power, are in critical condition after they were hit by an Amtrak train on Thursday night near Jack London Square in Oakland, California.
Tower of Power, Drummer Dave Garibaldi, sustained facial and head injuries. It has been reported that a complete recovery is expected. The band's back-up Bassist Marc Van Wageningen, suffered internal injuries including broken ribs and a concussion. He underwent surgery on Thursday night at Highland Hospital, as reported by the band's publicist. More tests will be conducted after his condition stabilizes.
Both men had just left a nearby hotel and were due to take the stage at 8 p.m for a local concert. Media sources report the two band members waited for a Union Pacific freight train to pass through the crossing. Witnesses reported that the two men started to cross while the warning lights and gates were still active. Just as they crossed, an Amtrak train was coming in the opposite direction and they were hit by it.
A spokesperson for Amtrak stated that the maximum speed for a train traveling in that particular area is 25 mph. It is unknown at this time how fast the Amtrak train was going when the band members were struck. Union Pacific police are heading the investigation of the incident.
If you or a loved one has been injured by or on a train, you may be entitled to compensation for your injuries or loss. Train operators have certain legal duties to ensure the safety of passengers and anyone that may be in a zone where they may potentially be injured by the train. The train accident attorneys at Mary Alexander & Associates are experienced in investigating train accidents and recovering compensation when the owners or operators of trains have breach their legal duty. Contact us today, to schedule a no cost consultation.


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HOME/MY IRELAND BOX/REVIEWS
MyIrelandBox Subscription Box Review + Coupon- January 2017
ByAnna ReillyMar 3, 2017 | 0 comments
My Ireland Box
MyIrelandBox is a monthly subscription box that sends you a selection of unique Irish gifts, crafts, housewares, or beauty products straight from Ireland. Each month, you'll receive one or more items totaling at least $45.00.
This box was sent to us for review purposes. (Check out the review process post to learn more about how we review boxes).
The Subscription Box: MyIrelandBox
The Cost: $45.00 a month + shipping per month, 3-month prepay ($135, which accounts for $45/box + $31.50 shipping), or 6-month prepay ($247.50, which accounts for $41.25/box + $63 shipping).
ACTIVE DEAL: Get a bonus gift in your first 3- or 6-month subscription box! No coupon needed - just use this link.
Products: Irish-made gifts, crafts, housewares, and beauty products
Ships to: US, Canada, UK, EU, Australia, and Taiwan
Check out all our MyIrelandBox Reviews and the Women's Subscription Box Directory!
It's 2017! I always think it's interesting to see how subscriptions kick off a brand new year.
This box always includes a wealth of information about each month's products, including details about the makers, context for how the imagery and items represent Irish culture, and more.
All of this information brings the box to life for me. Plus, when you're paying so much for a subscription box, it's nice to know these backstories (I feel like they convey a little less obvious value).
Tea and Talk by Alice Taylor - Value $14.55 on Amazon (retail price $23.00)
The first item in the box is this hardcover novel by Irish author, Alice Taylor.
Book Summary on Amazon:
Relax with Alice, sit and chat over a cup of tea, as she invites you into her life. See an old press overflowing with the linen collection of two generations, the oil lamps and clocks inherited and collected over many years, and the books of people who once lived here. Alice tells you of the sad loss of her beautiful dogs Kate and Lolly, friends of the heart, and takes you around her village to meet her neighbours, join a meitheal to plant trees, and visit the fairy doors in the nearby wood. But Alice's home and community are not a perfect place: hear about the split in the local GAA club, blocked off rights of way, the donations of the local canine population on the footpaths! Visit a restored famine graveyard and hear about the landlords who once owned this village and the landmarks they left on the landscape and the people. This is life in a small Irish village in 2016, one hundred years after the Rising.
This book is perfect for cuddling up with on a cold, late-winter afternoon. Reading it really does feel like you've just sat down to gab with a good friend. I reminded me a bit of listening to that favorite relative of yours spinning yarns after a family dinner.
Sealed with Irish Love Mug - Value $10.52 USD
This ceramic mug features a design by an Irish artist in vivid emerald green.
There's a tiny shamrock near the lip, too!
In researching this item online, I found out that windows in Ireland once came at a premium (they were taxed at one time, so there were usually only 2 or 3 on the front of old cottages). How interesting!
I did notice on the info sheet that MyIrelandBox was including this design and one other (the "Signpost to Ireland" design by the same artist) in this month's boxes. So other subscribers may have received something slightly different.
Bog Standard Candle in Field, 2.65 oz. - Value $9.64
What better way to complement a day of reading and a cup of tea than a relaxing, fragrant candle?
This is one of Bog Standard's "mini" candles, which says it has a burn time of about 20 hours.
The candle comes with this pretty flowery paper on top. The scent is grassy, flowery, and fresh. Typically, I wouldn't burn a candle like this in winter (when I tend towards heartier, woodsy aromas), but I like the aspirational idea of welcoming the energy of a sun-kissed summer day into a gray, gloomy day!
Ursula Celano Magazine Bag - Value $21.24 USD
MyIrelandBox has featured Ursula Celano's products before, and I'm excited to see her designs back in the box!
According to the info sheet, this pattern captures the many boats and lighthouses dotting the waters off of Dublin. My family is Irish, and I've received many a traditional Irish gift before (green, covered in shamrocks, etc.). What I like about this item is how it reflects Irish culture in a more non-traditional, modern way. The colors and patterns are so bright and crisp.
Apart from being really cute, this bag is coated in plastic on the outside and lined on the inside (there's even a zip pocket). While I don't want to say it's 100% waterproof, my unofficial test (splashing some water on it in the kitchen sink) says that it's water-resistant, at the very least, haha!
Verdict: Not everything in this month's MyIrelandBox was quite my taste—the mug and the book were a bit more traditional than I'd usually look for, but the bag and the candle were spot on. As is with most subscription boxes, there's always a risk that the items you get won't be totally up your alley. That's a bigger risk with this box, given the $45.00 price tag. I will say that I found all of the items to be of nice quality, and the value I calculated was about $56.00. That's more than the cost of the box itself, but not counting shipping, which can be pricey.
What do you think of this MyIrelandBox? Were the items up your alley?
Get a bonus gift in your first 3- or 6-month subscription box!
My Ireland Box is a monthly delivery of various Irish-made products. Boxes will contain either 1 large or 2-4 small items each.
Posted in My Ireland Box, Subscription Box Reviews, UK Subscription Box Reviews
Anna Reilly
Anna loves collecting little treasures, be they pop-culture finds, handmade mementos, or new potions to put in her makeup bag. Beauty boxes got her interested in the subscription world, but now she's swooning for all things kawaii!
Read More By Anna Reilly >
The 12 Best Razor Subscriptions for Smooth Shaving in 2023 – Readers' Choice Awards

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Most recent updates about the Frankfurt Motor Show (IAA). You can find complete details, press releases, videos, image galleries and technical specifications of the vehicles unveiled at the Messe Frankfurt.
Frankfurt Preview: Reva NXG electric vehicle
If you've been wanting to get an electric car but are hesitating due to its known mediocre performance, take a look at the 2011 Reva NXG, which has a maximum...
Auto Shows	by Christian A. - August 29, 2010
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Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG eDrive may come in 2015
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Mercedes-Benz B-Class F-Cell at the Frankfurt Motor Show
In the next few weeks, the B-Class F-Cell, Mercedes' first-ever production fuel-cell vehicle, will go into limited production. By next month, the first 200 models would be built and will...
2010 Lexus LS 600h revealed at the Frankfurt Motor Show
Lexus made quite an appearance at the Frankfurt Auto Show with its new LS 600H, a completely hybrid colossus which benefited of important technological and design upgrades. The revised model...
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The RCZ compact coupe is being introduced by Peugeot in a Limited Edition of only 200 units. These vehicles are especially reserved for European buyers who will order their cars...
2010 Mercedes-Benz E-Class Estate at the Frankfurt Motor Show
Also unveiled at the Frankfurt Motor Show is the 2010 Mercedes-Benz E-class Estate that is set to go on sale in November. Prices will be announced before then. Long horizontal...
Volkswagen L1 Concept at the Frankfurt Motor Show
Launched at the Frankfurt Motor Show recently was Volkswagen's L1 concept, a 189mpg hybrid two-seater that is expected to arrive in showrooms by 2013. It has a drag coefficient of...
Citroen Revolte Concept at the Frankfurt Motor Show
Since Citroen's Revolte has been badged as 'DS' at the Frankfurt Motor Show, speculations have come out that this seemed to hint at a new model. While Citroen says the...
Mini Roadster Concept at the Frankfurt Motor Show
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Frankfurt Motor Show: Mansory Cyrus based on Aston Martin DB9 or DBS
The Cyrus package presented by the tuners at Mansory is all about masculinity and power. Based on the Aston Martin DBS or the DB9, the Cyrus has a newly designed...
Auto Shows	by Christian A. - September 18, 2009
BMW ActiveHybrid 7 arrives at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show
BMW is proud in announcing the latest addition to its 7 Series, the ActiveHybrid 7, at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show. The German luxury carmaker touts the ActiveHybrid 7 as...
Audi E-Tron Concept at the Frankfurt Motor Show
If the powertrain on this Audi e-tron concept succeeds in terms of range, performance, and durability, it could very well lead to the realization of plans to put an electric...
Frankfurt Motor Show: Peugeot BB1 Concept
Peugeot was aiming for a versatile, compact and maneuverable vehicle when it set in motion its plans to create the Peugeot BB1 electric concept car, which has been unveiled at...
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If you thought that Hamann (Hamann-Motorsport) is specialized only in tuning the most powerful cars in the world you have to reconsider this because the Germans unveiled at this year's...
Lexus LF-Ch Hybrid Concept at the Frankfurt Motor Show
The Lexus LF-Ch Hatchback Concept will go into production by 2011, according to Lexus Europe boss Matthew Harrison. The concept car was very recently unveiled at the Frankfurt Motor Show. ...
Official: 2010 Volvo C30 Facelift
The facelifted Volvo C30 (2010 model) is set to be publicly unveiled at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show that opens several days from today. Consider these pictures a prelude. Modifications...
Auto Shows	by Christian A. - September 9, 2009
Official: Lexus LF-Ch Concept revealed
Lexus LF-Ch full hybrid concept was unveiled today prior to its debut from the Frankfurt Motor Show. According to the manufacturer, the new hybrid reflects the demand for smaller and...
Mansory Chopster Limited Edition to make its debut at Frankfurt
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2010 Kia Sorento at the Frankfurt Motor Show
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2010 Subaru Legacy Euro-Spec makes its debut ahead Frankfurt Motor Show
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Frankfurt Preview: 2010 Honda CR-V European version
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Bmw Isetta and Fiat Topolino preparing a big comeback at Frankfurt
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Bmw Z2 Roadster coming at the Frankfurt Motor Show… again?
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Mazda MX-5 Superlight revealed ahead of Frankfurt Motor Show
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Facelifted Bmw 3-Series Coupe and Convertible coming to Frankfurt
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Frankfurt Preview: 2010 Bmw 320d EfficientDynamics Edition
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2009 Frankfurt Motor Show: Lotus Elise Club Racer
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Fisker Karma preparing to make its debut at Frankfurt
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Series 51 Bentley Continental debut announced for Frankfurt
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Frankfurt Preview: Seat shows the Ecomotive Leon, Altea and Altea XL
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2010 HTT Plethore LC750 revealed ahead of Frankfurt
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Frankfurt Motor Show: Renault Kangoo ZE Concept breaks cover
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Aston Martin Rapide breaks cover in Frankfurt
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Frankfurt Motor Show: 2010 Hyundai Santa Fe Facelift
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Wiesmann Roadster MF5 uncovered at the Frankfurt Motor Show
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2009 Frankfurt Motor Show: Hyundai Ix-Metro Concept
Hyundai's goal to become a more luxurious and upmarket car manufacturer is evident by its Ix-Metro 2+2 hybrid concept car, currently displayed at the Frankfurt Motor Show. Described as a...
Mazda MX-5 Superlight Concept at the Frankfurt Motor Show
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2010 Renault Megane Renaultsport 250 unveiled in Frankfurt
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2010 Ford C-MAX at the Frankfurt Motor Show
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2010 Ford Focus ECOnetic at the Frankfurt Motor Show
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Abarth 695 Tributo Ferrari and his red color at the Frankfurt Motor Show
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Frankfurt Motor Show: Brabus Ultimate R based on Smart ForTwo
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Rumor: Bmw 3-Series GT Concept coming to Frankfurt
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Fiat Abarth Grande Punto SuperSport to be unveiled at Frankfurt
While we want to see pictures of the 177bhp Abarth Grande Punto SuperSport, we´ll just have to make do with Fiat's release of the details. The 'SS' upgrade kit means...
2010 Lexus GS 450h revealed at the Frankfurt Motor Show
Lexus is preparing some new interesting launches for 2010, among which an upgraded version of the full hybrid GS 450h luxury sport. The new version will feature styling updates, a...
2010 Bmw X1 at the Frankfurt Motor Show
The X1 SUV, which will go on sale in the in October, makes its public debut at the Frankfurt Motor Show. The BMW X1 will, in effect, replace the X3...
Frankfurt Motor Show: 2010 Opel Astra by Lexmaul
The Opel tuner Lexmaul did not waste any time creating its own spin to the new 2010 Opel Astra, which had its public debut only days ago at the Frankfurt...
2010 Lexus LS 600h L: official details and specs
This is the facelifted L version of the LS 600h hybrid presented to us by Toyota's luxury division Lexus. It can be recalled that the facelifted 600h had debuted at...
Frankfurt Preview: Hamann Tycoon Evo based on Bmw X6
Just in time for the Frankfurt Motor Show, Hamann revealed today the brand new Tycoon Evo, based on the Bmw X6. The revolutionary difference to its predecessor is the newly...
Mercedes-Benz presents the BlueZERO E-CELL PLUS electric car
Mercedes-Benz is all set to embrace the electric car trend with its unveiling of the BlueZero E-cell Plus concept at the upcoming Frankfurt Motor Show. The third in a series...
2009 Frankfurt Motor Show: Peugeot iOn
Peugeot will be launching the "Zero Emissions" iOn at the Frankfurt Motor Show towards the later part of 2010. The Lion Brand has a strong history when it comes to...
2010 Mercedes-Benz E63 AMG Estate arrives at Frankfurt
Two months before the Estate version for the all-new 2010 Mercedes-Benz E-Class is launched, the German manufacturer unveiled the high-performance E63 AMG Estate at the 2009 Frankfurt Auto Show. It...
2010 Jaguar XK and XKR by Startech
In 2010, the STARTECH program came up with great accessories that were meant to be used in coupe and convertible models of the Jaguar XK and XKR. STARTECH came up...
Tuning: Infiniti FX by CRD
Since 1988, Car Research & Development (CRD) has been involved in the development of innovative products as well as just-in-time production of special vehicle series. A part of the BRABUS...
Vw will bring four new vehicles at this year's Frankfurt Motor Show
The 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show will see a lot of premieres: the new Audi A5 Sportback and A8, the brand new Opel Astra, the Mercedes-Benz E-Class Cabrio, the Bmw X1...
Audi A1 and A8 not coming to Frankfurt Motor Show
Audi has decided not to let its new Audi A1 and A8 models take part in the upcoming Frankfurt Auto Show, Automobilwoche reports. No reason has been given. Nonetheless, Audi...
2010 VW Caravelle and Transporter revealed ahead of Frankfurt Motor Show
Throughout history, Volkswagen's iconic people carriers and campervans have always been applauded. At the upcoming 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show in September, Volkswagen intends to show that it fully deserves the...
Audi S5 Sportback announced for the Frankfurt Motor Show
Audi is preparing to make a big splash at the upcoming 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show and has three models for public debuts during the event. These new models are the...
Official: Toyota Auris HSD Hybrid Concept
Full details of Toyota's new Auris hybrid vehicle, which will officially be launched in concept form at the Frankfurt Motor Show next week, have been released. The new Toyota Auris...
Frankfurt Motor Show: Volkswagen L1 Concept unveiled
Volkswagen is aiming to bring its 189mpg hybrid two-seater to production by 2013. The L1 Concept is powered by an 800cc two-stroke diesel, which is coupled to an electric motor,...
Official: Volkswagen Golf R uncovered in Frankfurt
Volkswagen pushed hard for its new model and came out with the company's quickest version ever sent to production, the Golf R. The attractive speedster received a new hydraulic 4-wheel...
2010 Volvo C30 Facelift at the Frankfurt Motor Show
One of the most awaited cars at the Frankfurt Motor Show is the facelifted Volvo C30. The front and rear of the car take cues from the S60 concept and...
Frankfurt Motor Show: Toyota iQ Sports and iQ Collection
Being small certainly isn´t synonymous to being insignificant as proven by the Toyota iQ, which attracted a lot of attention at the Frankfurt Motor Show. Shown were two bold new...
2010 Citroen DS3 breaks cover
To be launched at the Frankfurt Motor Show this September is the Citroen DS3 supermini, which is meant to pose a competition against the Mini and the Fiat 500. Citroen...
2011 Infiniti M unveiled at the LA Auto Show
2010 Ford F-150 Harley-Davidson Edition revealed ahead of Chicago Auto Show
Porsche 957 Cayenne by Mansory drops in Geneva
united states bmw sales ford concept mercedes-benz toyota sports car vw gm sedan coupe


What is an AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) tumor marker test?
AFP stands for alpha-fetoprotein. It is a protein made in the liver of a developing baby. AFP levels are usually high when a baby is born, but fall to very low levels by the age of 1. Healthy adults should have very low levels of AFP.
An AFP tumor marker test is a blood test that measures the levels of AFP in adults. Tumor markers are substances made by cancer cells or by normal cells in response to cancer in the body. High levels of AFP can be a sign of liver cancer or cancer of the ovaries or testicles, as well as noncancerous liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatitis.
High AFP levels don't always mean cancer, and normal levels don't always rule out cancer. So an AFP tumor marker test is not usually used by itself to screen for or diagnose cancer. But it can help diagnose cancer when used with other tests. The test may also be used to help monitor the effectiveness of cancer treatment and to see if cancer has returned after you've finished treatment.
Help confirm or rule out a diagnosis of liver cancer or cancer of the ovaries or testicles.
Monitor cancer treatment. AFP levels often go up if cancer is spreading and go down when treatment is working.
Monitor the health of people with cirrhosis or hepatitis.
Why do I need an AFP tumor marker test?
You may need an AFP tumor marker test if a physical exam and/or other tests show there is a chance you have liver cancer or cancer of the ovaries or testicles. Your provider may order an AFP test to help confirm or rule out the results of other tests.
You may also need this test if you are currently being treated for one of these cancers, or recently completed treatment. The test can help your provider see if your treatment is working or if your cancer has come back after treatment.
In addition, you may need this test if you have a noncancerous liver disease. Certain liver diseases can put you at a higher risk of getting liver cancer.
What happens during an AFP tumor marker test?
You don't need any special preparations for an AFP tumor marker test.
If your results show high levels of AFP, it may confirm a diagnosis of liver cancer, or cancer of the ovaries or testicles. Sometimes, high levels of AFP can be a sign of other cancers, including Hodgkin disease and lymphoma, or noncancerous liver disorders.
Your AFP levels are increasing. This may mean your cancer is spreading, and/or your treatment is not working.
Your AFP levels are decreasing. This may mean your treatment is working.
Your AFP levels have not increased or decreased. This may mean your disease is stable.
Your AFP levels decreased, but then later increased. This may mean your cancer has come back after you've been treated.
Is there anything else I need to know about an AFP tumor marker test?
You may have heard of another type of AFP test that is given to some pregnant women. Although it also measures AFP levels in the blood, this test is not used in the same way as an AFP tumor marker test. It is used to check for the risk of certain birth defects and has nothing to do with cancer or liver disease.


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Synthesis, characterization and application of Lanthanide metal-ion-doped TiO2/bentonite nanocomposite for removal of Lead (II) and Cadmium (II) from aquatic media
Susan Samadi
Rokhsareh Motallebi
Maryam Nasiri Nasrabadi
Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Science, Yadegar -e- Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahr-e-Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
10.7508/jwent.2016.01.005
The efficient application of the photocatalytic activity and superficial adsorption on removing heavy metals from water, two types of sorbents, Nd-TiO2/bentonite and Ce-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposites, were synthesized by sol-gel method. The crystalline nanocomposites were obtained after heat treatment at 500 °C for 3 hours. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that Nd-TiO2/bentonite and Ce-TiO2/bentonite were produced on a nanoscale. The phase change of both nanocomposite from amorphous to anatase has been investigated by X- ray diffraction. Removal of lead (II) and cadmium (II) were studied through adsorption on these nanocomposites by letting them float in the bulk of sample for a definite time in presence and absence of light. The effective parameters in removal process were studied and optimized. The optimum pH, removal time and sorbent dosage in the absence and presence of light for Pb2+ ion were 7, 0.3 g, 15 min and for Cd2+ ion were 7, 0.4 g, 20 min, respectively. Subsequently, the effect of interfering ions in removal process was investigated at optimum conditions and no evidence of interference was observed. The study showed that reproducibility of method (n=9) is good and suitable. The results further indicated that the removal efficiency of Pb2+ ion with Nd-TiO2/bentonite in the presence of light was more than that in the absence of light. Finally, the equilibrium adsorption data fitted Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models.
Cadmium (II)
Lead (II)
Nanocomposite
Exposure to heavy metals, even at the trace level, is believed to put human health at risk [1]. Thus, exploring effective methods and applying efficient techniques have constantly been essential. [2,3]. Nowadays, numerous methods have been proposed for efficient heavy metal removal from water, including, cementation [4] electrodeposition [5], ion exchange [6], precipitation [7], etc. However, among these methods, adsorption offers flexibility in design, operation and, in many cases it will generate high-quality treated effluent. Therefore, the adsorption process has come to the forefront as one of the major techniques for heavy metal removal from water/wastewater.
Extensive research studies have been carried out on the inexpensive and effective methods of natural adsorbents in order to remove heavy metal ions from water, such as: activated sludge biomass [3], natural and synthesized clay [8,9]. Nevertheless, in recent years, new adsorbent has been produced by nanotechnology with high specific surface area and inordinate performance [10].
Inorganic hybrid polymers have enhanced variety of applications including ability of heavy metal ion removal by nanosorbents [11]. Sol-gel method have been used for synthesis of inorganic hybrid materials and mesomorphous compounds. The nanoparticles used in these hybrids are: SiO2 [12], Al2O3 [13], Fe3O4 [14], ZnO [15], ZrO2 [16], CdS [17], and TiO2 [18,19]. In fact, since TiO2 as an inorganic compound among the aforementioned nanoparticles is nontoxic, super hydrophilic, photocatalytic activity and it has relatively high resistance in acidic and alkaline pH. Titania has the ability to adsorb heavy metal ion from aquatic media [20].
The standard reduction potential of the metals affects the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 in anatase crystal structure and it would affect the metal ion removal process, too. In addition, the kind of ion doped would affect photocatalytic ability of titania and consequently, the metal removal process as well [21,22].
Montmorillonite is a very soft phyllosilicate group of minerals that typically form as microscopic crystals, known as clay. Montmorillonite clay minerals have exclusive structure with numerous applications [23]. Bentonit contains a high amount of swelling montmorillonite clay [24]. Its composition entails SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, Na2O, MgO, Fe2O3, and K2O [25]. There are two types of bentonite that are accessible. One of them is sodium bentonite and another calcium bentonite. Sodium bentonite has higher swelling ability therefore, higher surface area that turns it to a good and efficient sorbent [24].
In this investigation, the effect of doped ion on the ability of M-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposite to initially remove Pb(П) and Cd(П) was studied and then the parameters affecting the elimination process were optimized.
Bentonite was purchased from Pishgaman Fanavari Co. Titanium tetra isopropoxide (TTIP), Neodymium(III) acetate and (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 (with AR analytical grade, Merck Chemical Company) were used as Titanium, Neodymium and cerium sources for the preparation of the Nd-TiO2 and Ce-TiO2 nanocomposites. CaCl2, PbCl2, HNO3, NaOH, Hydroxy Propyl Cellulose (HPC), MgCl2, Ni(NO3)2.6H2O, CuCl2.2H2O were all purchased from Merck Company. All chemicals were analytic grade and used as received without further purification.
Setup of photocatalytic reactor and removal study
A photocatalytic reaction system was used to study the photocatalytic activity for the removal of heavy metal ions and its details were described elsewhere [26,27]. In summary, borosilicate container with an effective volume of 300 ml was used to store the sample that was cooled by water throughout the experiment (the temperature was adjusted to 25 °C). High pressure mercury vapor lamp (400 W) was mounted on top of the container as a radiation source. In order to evaluate the ability of synthesized nanocomposites in separation of lead and cadmium ions, 100 ml solution with , 5ppm lead and 2 ppm cadmium made separately and then at pH=7 for 20 minutes was placed in contact with 0.3 g of Nd-TiO2/bentonite or Ce-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposite, in the presence and absence of light.
Synthesis of Nd-TiO2/bentonite and Ce-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposites
The nanocomposites were prepared based on the method of Zhao and et al. [25]. To synthesize nanocomposites, the solution 1 was prepared by TTIP/ EtOH/ HPC with molar ratio 1/126/4.5 ×10-3 g/gsol. Afterward another mixture of EtOH/H2O/HNO3/ion doped with molar ratio 42/1/0.2/0.002 was prepared (solution 2). Solution 1 under vigorous stirring by ultrasonic apparatus was added dropwise to the solution 2 and mixing with in 5 min. To create a gel, the solution aged for 48 hours at room temperature (Solution 3). 2 g bentonite soil was placed in the oven at 550 °C for 3 hours, until it burned all organic compounds and impurities removed. After cooling, a small amount of deionized water was added to the soil mixture to reach saturated bentonite soil. Then solution 3 was added to reach saturated bentoinite soil and stirred for 1 hour. The obtained sample was dried at room temperature and calcined at 500 °C for 3 hours in the furnace. After cooling, the target sample was ground to the fine particles by a Planetary Ball Mill and was kept for further testing.
Surface morphology of bentonite, synthesized nanocomposites and EDX analysis were studied by SEM model TE scan company vega2. The crystal structure of the samples was determined by XRD analysis with GNR apparatus (NPB3000 model). Flame-Atomic absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS, Varian) was used for the quantitative determination of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ion concentration.
Effect of ions doped on microstructure
SEM images of bentonite and synthesized nanocomposites are shown in Figs. 1(a), 1(b), and 1(c). Figs. 1(a) shows a layer state of bentonite soil perfectly. According to Fig. 1(b), formation of Nd-TiO2 nanoparticles have been well-defined with 25 nm particle size on bentonite layers. Meanwhile, the distribution range of particle size was minimal and monotonous formation of nanoparticles were recognizable. Fig. 1(c) shows SEM image of Ce-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposite. Despite the formation of smaller particle (approximately 16 nm), it is getting more agglomeration than the previous nanocomposite. Thus, it can be concluded that the change in ion-doped toTiO2, not only influences the size of particle but also the uniform and agglomeration of composed nanoparticles. Results of EDX analyses of bentonite and sample nanocomposites are shown in Figs. 2(a), 2(b), and 2(c). Fig. 2(a) shows the elements in used bentonite. Figs. 2(b) and 2(c) are display of elements in Nd-TiO2/bentonite and Ce-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposites, respectively. They not only indicate the existence of Ti but also the doped ions and bentonite elements.
Bentonite and synthesized nanocomposites XRD patterns are shown in Figs. 3(a), 3(b), and 3(c). Fig. 3(a) illustrates bentonite XRD patterns and confirms montmorillonite at 2θ =7°. Figs. 3(b) and 3(c) show XRD patterns of Nd-TiO2/bentonite and Ce-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposites, respectively. As specified in images, the formation of nanocomposite causes montmorillonite peak shifts from 2θ =7° to 2θ =9°. This can prove formation of the target nanocomposits. The peak intensity of bentonite has been reduced due to the perch of Nd-TiO2 or Ce-TiO2 nanoparticles on the bentonite surface. On the other hand, the peak at 2θ =25° shows in 3b and 3c, confirming TiO2 anatase phase. In addition, peaks associated with neodymium and cerium in these results also confirm the existence of ions doped in the synthesized nanocomposites. The anatase phase formed in two synthesized nanocomposites is relatively significant. Therefore, it is expected that TiO2 is not only used in adsorption of heavy metal ions, but also is decomposed of organic compounds pollutant such as dye, in water with photocatalytic activity [28,29].
Fig. 1. The SEM images of (a) bentonite, (b) Nd –TiO2/bentonite and (c) Ce-TiO2/bentonite
Fig. 2. The EDX of (a) bentonite, (b) Nd –TiO2/bentonite and (c) Ce-TiO2/bentonite
Fig. 3. The XRD pattern of (a) bentonite, (b) Nd –TiO2/bentonite and (c) Ce-TiO2/bentonite
Removal study using nanocomposites
Parameters affecting the lead and cadmium ions adsorption by synthesized nanocomposites were investigated and optimized. These parameters are pH, removal time, and amount of sorbent. Besides, the effect of interfering ions in the lead and cadmium ions removal process were investigate Variation in selected ion concentrations was monitored by using a flame-atomic absorption spectrometer.
pH effect
Lead and cadmium ions precipitate in an alkaline environment as a hydroxide form. Thus, pH survey was applied acidic to neutral range. To this end, 0.3g of nanosorbents were added separately to the 100 mL solution containing 5 ppm lead and 2 ppm cadmium in the pH range of 2 to 7 and was stirred for 20 minutes. Results are shown in Fig. 4(a), 4(b), 5(a) and 5(b). Fig. 4(a) illustrate pH effect on separation of lead ion by Nd-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposite in the presence and absence of light and Fig. 4b shows same effect on separation lead by Ce-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposite.
According to the Figs., highest removal efficiency in presence and absence of light occurs at pH=7. By comparing the results it is clear that the presence of light in the removal of lead (II) ion by Nd-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposite affected and removal efficiency can be improve, while have a negative effect on ions removal by Ce-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposite. Fig. 5(a) illustrates the impact of pH on cadmium ion separation by Nd-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposite in the presence and absence of light while Fig. 5(b) shows the same effect on the separation of cadmium ion by Ce-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposite. The negative impact of light on cadmium ion removal by Ce-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposite has been observed.
On the other hand, the influence of neodymium ion as a doping agent than cerium ion on the removal efficiency of lead ion was positive and improve the removal efficiency ion.
Fig. 4. Effect of pH on the removal of lead ion in the presence and absence of light by Nanocomposites (a) Nd-TiO2/bentonite (b) Ce-TiO2/bentonite
Fig. 5. pH effect on separation of Cadmium ion in the presence and absence of light by nanocomposites a) Nd-TiO2/bentonite, b) Ce-TiO2/bentonite
Fig. 6. The effect of sorbent amount of nanocomposites (a) Nd-TiO2/ bentonite (b) Ce-TiO2/bentonite for removal of lead ions in presence and absence of light
Effect of sorbent dose
Lead and cadmium ions removal experiments in pH=7 and previous condition ,were repeated separately with various amounts of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 g of synthesized nanocomposites in the presence and absence of light. The results are depicted in Figs. 6(a), 6(b), 7(a) and 7(b). Figs. 6a and 6b show the results of lead (II) ion removal by Nd-TiO2/bentonite and Ce-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposites in the presence and absence of light, respectively. In all cases, the optimal amount of sorbent was considered 0.3 g. Increasing the amount of sorbent had no significant impact on improving the efficiency of removal, because almost all lead ions are adsorbed on the nanocomposite surface at 0.3 g.
Figs. 7(a) and 7(b) show the results of cadmium ion removal by Nd-TiO2/bentonite and Ce-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposites in the presence and absence of light, respectively. The optimal amount of sorbent for cadmium ion was considered 0.4 g. As the results show, the removal efficiencies of both ions by Nd-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposite is higher in the presence of light. In addition, when the neodymium is used as a doping agent, either in the presence or absence of light, lead removal efficiency is higher than the cerium is a doping agent. But this effect on cadmium ion removal is not acceptable and different removal rates of the nanocomposites doped with Nd3+ (49 %) and Ce4+ (50%) is very small and can be neglected. Thus, it can be concluded that the ion doped in to titania can influence ion removal capability of synthesized nanocomposites. Nonetheless, this change also depends on the type of ion removal process. These probably can be attributed to the influence of ion doped on TiO2 energy gap that affects its ability to remove various ions.
Fig. 7. The effect of sorbent amount of nanocomposites (a) Nd-TiO2/ bentonite b) Ce-TiO2/bentonite for removal of cadmium ions in presence and absence of light
Effect of removal time
Adsorbent contact time with the target ion is one of the important factors in the ion removal process. Therefore, times 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes are tested for lead (II) and cadmium (II) ions removal, separately.
The results are presented in Figs. 8(a), 8(b), 9(a) and 9(b). Figs. 8(a) and 8(b) show the result of Pb2+ ion removal by Nd-TiO2/bentonite and Ce-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposites in the presence and absence of light, respectively. According to Figs. 9(a) and 9(b), the consequence of Cd2+ ion removal by Nd-TiO2/bentonite and Ce-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposites in the presence and absence of light, can be observed respectively. The results show that the optimum time for the lead ion removal by both nanocomposites is 15 minute and for cadmium ion removal is 20 minute.
As the results illustrates, extending the time does not greatly change the effniciency level of cadmium ion removal by both nanocomposite samples. However, extending the process time than 15 minute, will decrease the efficiency of lead ion removal process by Nd-TiO2/bentoniteand and Ce-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposites. Thus, it can be concluded that the adsorption of lead ion by nanocomposites was physisorption and extended contact time can reduce the lead ions and can decrease the removal efficiency. However, due to the strong cadmium adsorption of both nanocomposites, it can be concluded that adsorption was chemisorption, and the adsorption efficiency can not only remain constant but also partially increase. Note that removal efficiency of both ions by Nd-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposite will significantly increase in the presence of light than the absence of that. None the less, the effect of neodymium ion, as a dopant ion rather that a cerium ion, on the lead and cadmium ions removal efficiency was optimistic and would increase the removal effectiveness of both ions.
The adsorption capacity (Q) in maximum percent removal is respectively 158 and 136 mgPb2+/gsorbent for Nd-TiO2/bentonite and Ce-TiO2/bentonite. The Q is respectively 36 and 42.5 mgCd2+/gsorbent for Nd-TiO2/bentonite and Ce-TiO2/bentonite.
Fig. 8. The effect of contact time for removal of lead ions in the presence and absence of light by nanocomposites a) Nd-TiO2/ bentonite b) Ce-TiO2/bentonite
Fig. 9. The effect of contact time for removal of cadmium ions in the presence and absence of light by nanocomposites a) Nd-TiO2/ bentonite b) Ce-TiO2/bentonite
Method performance
Investigation of interfering ions
In the adsorbent ion removal phenomenon, the presence of other ions can affect the removal efficiency of the target ion. If the interfering ions could affect the elimination signal less than ±5%, Interference effects were negligible and would not be considered. Therefore, the ions Ca2+ , Ni2+ , Cu2+ and Mg2+ 200 ppm, considered as interfering ions in order to remove lead and cadmium ions by synthesized nonocomposites. Consequently, 100 ml solution containing 5 ppm lead or 2 ppm cadmium and interfering ions in optimized conditions were placed in the vicinity with synthesized nanocomposites, separately. Tables 1, 2, 3, and 4 show the results of lead (II) and cadmium (II) ions removal beside interfering ions in the presence and absence of light, respectively. As is tabulated in Tables 1 and 2, the presence of interfering ions do not have any significant influence on the removal efficiency and lead (II) removal efficiency with Nd-TiO2/bentonite and Ce-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposites in the presence of light is more than the absence of light.
As is clear in Tables 2 and 3, in all cases not only the presence of interfering ions, but also presence or absent of light have no significant influence on the cadmium ion removal efficiency by Nd-TiO2/bentonite and Ce-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposites.
Reproducibility of method
In optimum conditions, the removal process for lead and cadmium ions by Nd-TiO2/bentonite and Ce-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposites were repeated 9 times distinctly. The obtained relative standard deviation (RSD%) values are shown in Table 5. Consequently, the results have been satisfactory for lead ion removal by Nd-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposite and for cadmium ion removal by Ce-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposite.
Photocatalytic activity of nanocomposites
In order to study photocatalytic ability of synthesized nanocomposites, the photocatalytic reactor was used. The solution of methyl orange with a concentration of 5 ppm was selected as the organic pollutant and changes in its concentration in the vicinity of Nd-TiO2/bentonite and Ce-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposites was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 460 nm wavelength. The results in Fig. 10(a) and 10(b) show reduction of methyl orange concentration versus time. This indicates that, by using two synthesized nanocomposites for water treatment, not only heavy metal ions can be removed with a higher efficiency in the presence of light but also it can be used in terms of the decomposition of the organic pollutants in water. Combining these two abilities can decrease time and cost spent and consequently this will increase the efficiency of water treatment.
Fig. 10. Photocatalytic activity of nanocomposite a) Ce-TiO2/bentonite b) Nd-TiO2/ bentonite
To determine the mechanism and capacity of adsorption at constant temperature, the adsorption isotherms was examined as well. An equation which contains some constant parameters describing the surface properties and affinity of the adsorbent expresses an adsorption isotherm model.
Among the available isotherm equations, the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used in this study. Langmuir equation is usually represented by Eq 1.
qe= Q0bCe/ 1+ bCe (1)
its linear equation is Eq. 2:
Ce/qe= 1/ Q0b+Ce/Q0 (2)
Where qe is amount of metal adsorbed per unit mass of sorbent nanocomposite (mg/g), Ce is liquid-phase concentration at equilibrium (mg/L), Q0 (mg/g) and b (L/mg) are constants of Langmuir which they are related to adsorption capacity and affinity, respectively. This model is based on the following three principles:
1. All points are capable of homogeneous and uniform adsorption and have an equal adsorption.
2. Adsorbed layer thickness is the same at all points.
3. If molecules attract, one of the points has no effect on the adsorption of other areas.
If the line drawn from the points was linear, then the adsorption mechanism has been based on the Langmuir model, otherwise, it would violate the model [2].
General form of Freundlich equation is Eq. 3:
q=KfCe1/n (3)
and its linear mode is Eq. 4.
lnqe= lnKf + 1/n lnCe (4)
where n and Kf are Freundlich constants for a given adsorbent–adsorbate system that were obtained from the linear plot of lnqe vs. lnCe. Adsorption process follows the Freundlich model if the direction of the plot points is linear.
Tables 6 and 7 show Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm constants in removal of lead and cadmium ions by Nd-TiO2/ bentonite and Ce-TiO2/ bentonite nanocomposites in the presence and absence of light, respectively. As specified in the tables, removal of lead and cadmium ions by both nanosorbents, in the presence of light is in line with the Freundlich equation while in the absence of light it is in accordance with the Langmuir equation.
The primary and main target of this research is to provide a simple, effective, reproducible and inexpensive method to remove heavy metal ions. To this end, in order to study the effects of doped ion, Nd-TiO2/ bentonite and Ce-TiO2/bentonite nanocomposites were synthesized by the sol-gel method. After determining the structure of the synthesized samples, different factors affecting removal of lead and cadmium ions by these nanocomposites in the presence and absence of light were evaluated and optimized. The results indicate that in all cases, removal efficiency of both lead and cadmium ions with Nd-TiO2/bentonitein the presence of light is more than that the absence of light. The results, moreover, show that the effect of interfering ions is low in the process of removing ions by the synthesized nanocomposites. Besides, the results well illustrates that the method has perfect repeatability. In addition, in the present experiment the ability of sample nanocomposites were investigated to remove organic contaminants and as a result the synthesized nanocomposites not only have the ability to remove heavy metal ions by adsorption but also have the ability to decompose organic contaminants from water. Consequently, synthesized nanocomposites can be used simultaneously from both adsorption and photocatalytic property in water and wastewater treatment.
The authors are grateful to the Laboratory Complex of Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahr-e-Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University for valuable technical assistance.
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Samadi, S., Motallebi, R., Nasiri Nasrabadi, M. (2016). Synthesis, characterization and application of Lanthanide metal-ion-doped TiO2/bentonite nanocomposite for removal of Lead (II) and Cadmium (II) from aquatic media. Journal of Water and Environmental Nanotechnology, 1(1), 35-44. doi: 10.7508/jwent.2016.01.005
Susan Samadi; Rokhsareh Motallebi; Maryam Nasiri Nasrabadi. "Synthesis, characterization and application of Lanthanide metal-ion-doped TiO2/bentonite nanocomposite for removal of Lead (II) and Cadmium (II) from aquatic media". Journal of Water and Environmental Nanotechnology, 1, 1, 2016, 35-44. doi: 10.7508/jwent.2016.01.005
Samadi, S., Motallebi, R., Nasiri Nasrabadi, M. (2016). 'Synthesis, characterization and application of Lanthanide metal-ion-doped TiO2/bentonite nanocomposite for removal of Lead (II) and Cadmium (II) from aquatic media', Journal of Water and Environmental Nanotechnology, 1(1), pp. 35-44. doi: 10.7508/jwent.2016.01.005
Samadi, S., Motallebi, R., Nasiri Nasrabadi, M. Synthesis, characterization and application of Lanthanide metal-ion-doped TiO2/bentonite nanocomposite for removal of Lead (II) and Cadmium (II) from aquatic media. Journal of Water and Environmental Nanotechnology, 2016; 1(1): 35-44. doi: 10.7508/jwent.2016.01.005


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Wu and Hou Take Poster Awards at SCASA
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Canada
 Bridgeport, Newfoundland and Labrador
 Bridgeport, Nova Scotia

United States
 Bridgeport, Alabama
 Bridgeport, California (disambiguation)
 Greater Bridgeport, the metropolitan area of the city of Bridgeport, Connecticut
 Bridgeport, Illinois
 Bridgeport, Chicago, a neighborhood of Chicago in Illinois
 Bridgeport Township, Lawrence County, Illinois
 Bridgeport, Harrison County, Indiana
 Bridgeport, Indianapolis, a neighbourhood of Indianapolis in Marion County, Indiana
 Bridgeport, Kansas
 Bridgeport, Kentucky
 Bridgeport, Michigan
 Bridgeport Charter Township, Michigan
 Bridgeport, Missouri
 Bridgeport, Nebraska
 Bridgeport, New Jersey
 Bridgeport, New York
 Bridgeport, Ohio
 Bridgeport, Union County, Ohio
 Bridgeport, Oklahoma
 Bridgeport, Pennsylvania
 Bridgeport, Tennessee
 Bridgeport, Texas
 Bridgeport, Utah
 Bridgeport, Virginia
 Bridgeport, Washington
 Bridgeport, West Virginia
 Bridgeport, Wisconsin, town
 Bridgeport (community), Wisconsin

Other uses
 Bridgeport (machine tool brand), a brand of milling machines and machining centers
 BridgePort Brewing Company, based in Portland, Oregon
 Bridgeport Municipal Airport, in Wise County, Texas
 Bridgeport Music, a publishing company that owns the rights to some George Clinton and Funkadelic recordings
 Bridgeport rig, a type of quick-draw gun holster
 Bridgeport Subdivision, a railroad line in the U.S. state of West Virginia
 University of Bridgeport, in Connecticut
 USS Bridgeport, the name of three different ships of the United States Navy
 Bridgeport, a fictional city in The Sims 3: Late Night

See also
 Bridgeport Bridge (disambiguation)
 Bridgeport High School (disambiguation)
 Bridgeport station (disambiguation), one of several train stations in the US and Canada
 Bridport (disambiguation)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


ELeather is the pioneer of engineered leather.
Its revolutionary process transforms leather into advanced materials while achieving a significantly lower environmental footprint. ELeather reduces waste, increases performance, and enables brands to create extraordinary products and memorable customer experiences, while improving sustainability.
Born in the UK, ELeather has grown to supply industries ranging from transport to footwear, across more than 40 countries.
Our collections have been specifically developed to offer a consistency of finish across a broader range of both practical and performance criteria relevant to different markets and their applications.
We partner with leading brands from around the world to help them achieve their individual business goals. Exporting to more than 40 countries, our materials are used across a broad range of industries including rail, airline, bus, interiors and footwear.
ELeather How it's Made Animation from ELeather on Vimeo.


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This Western starring Michael Fassbender is hilarious, violent, and awesome
Next The next 'Star Wars' game will show off the new planet teased in 'Episode VII'
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"Slow West" is a modern Western clearly made by people that love and respect the genre, though it has more in common with a mismatched buddy comedy than a John Wayne film.
The premise is simple — a young Scottish boy (Kodi Smit-McPhee) travels across late 19th-century West in pursuit of the woman he loves. The boy is incredibly naive and knows not of the unspeakable horrors that lie in the desolate countryside.
Lucky for him, he crosses paths with an outlaw drifter (Michael Fassbender) that offers to help guide and protect him along the way for a small fee. Little does he know the drifter may have a motive of his own.
Fassbender likely says more in voiceover narration than he does to the boy, and the difference in candor between these two mediums reveals there may be more to him than his brutish exterior would indicate. As more characters are introduced, Fassbender's value to the boy becomes clearer, and his charming demeanor becomes more sinister. The chemistry between the two is always lively and fun, and since the audience knows Fassbender is up to something, the tension only continues to rise until all hell breaks loose.
Besides the actual leads, the real star of the show here is the gorgeous, seemingly endless, wide-open spaces of the old West. The photography does a great job of isolating our heroes — as they go deeper and deeper into unchartered territory, they appear even more alone amongst the sweeping New Zealand backdrops, which themselves are a bit more confined by the director's decision to shoot 1.66:1.
Westerns are usually the perfect vehicle for a fuller, wider "scope" aspect ratio of 2.35:1, but the smaller, tighter frames work well here, restricting the view and keeping the audience in the same space as the characters. The string-filled score does a great job of accenting the action and feels like a solid mix of old-school and contemporary influences.
The most surprising thing about "Slow West" is how genuinely funny it is in spite of the fact that it's steeped in Shakespearean level tragedy. There are a number of hilarious gags weaved throughout, and even when things get incredibly dark, there's a big punchline a second later to ease the pain. It's not a comedy in the traditional sense, but rather a dark, sad and contemplative story made that much more effective through genuinely funny moments.
By the time "Slow West" reaches its frantic, mayhem-ridden, "Straw Dogs"-esque third act, it's firing on all cylinders, and is a total blast. It's masterfully paced, impeccably shot, occasionally violent, often funny, and always a joy to behold.
"Slow West" plays the Tribeca Film Festival Saturday 4/18, Wednesday 4/22 & Friday 4/24.
NOW WATCH: Marvel's new 'Ant-Man' trailer looks even better than 'Guardians of the Galaxy'
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Last week, I had the opportunity to check off an item that was near the top of my bucket list. Unless you were living under a rock, you probably know that the Great American Solar Eclipse occurred over the continental U.S. from coast to coast for the first time in over one hundred years. I've seen several partial solar eclipses in my lifetime, but this seemed like my best chance to see a total solar eclipse. It took place during summer vacation so I could take my son to see it and the maximum totality would happen in the Midwest where I went to school so I had plenty of friends to visit. This was not going to be some solar eclipse in faraway places like the South Pacific or on a remote Asian country.
The problem with going to the Midwest is that the weather there is extremely unpredictable. For the seven days prior to the event, the weather forecast seemed to change almost hourly. Finally on the day of the eclipse, there were some ominous clouds in the western sky in the morning but we hoped for the best. We went to my friend's farm for a viewing party and eagerly chowed down on good down home barbeque while waiting apprehensively with our eclipse glasses.
Unfortunately about one hour before totality, the clouds started rolling in. They weren't particularly uniform, just patchy, but this could mean trouble. With about thirty minutes before the start of totality, it looked like the clouds were not going to cooperate. However there was a small patch of blue sky east of us that everybody could see. We all jumped into our cars and raced towards that clearing. It seemed like everybody else thought the same thing and cars were zooming through the small back country roads heading in the same easterly direction.
As the magic moment approached, we could tell that we were not going to catch up to the clear sky that lay tantalizingly close but still so far away. With about one minute before the start of totality, and the sun just a thin crescent, we finally had to admit defeat and had to find a place to park and hope for the best. I had brought my fancy camera with its extended telephoto lens and solar filter for naught.
Then it happened. The western sky turned very dark. Soon we too were enveloped in the eery twilight that caused the street lamps to turn on and the crickets to chirp their evening songs. The only natural light was way out along the horizon where the sun was not completely covered by the moon. As we kept staring up into the sky, it happened. The clouds just barely thinned out for a few seconds and we saw the eclipse and the corona. It was truly magical. Though it lasted for the briefest of moments, in retrospect I feel like I was mesmerized by it for a long time. My good friend and hostess was able to keep her wits together and took the picture that you see above. That is the only decent eclipse picture we got on our journey despite me lugging that expensive camera equipment halfway across the country.
The next time the clouds parted, the sun was already peeking out from behind the moon. Fifteen minutes later the rain clouds opened up and we were inundated with the typical Midwestern summer thunderstorm. But we had accomplished what we came to do. Grinning stupidly from ear to ear, we high fived each other for a job well done. We didn't get the best view of the eclipse, but we got a view of one which is more than I can say for many other people. As far as pictures go, there are plenty of pictures on the internet of the Great American Solar Eclipse that are far better than anything I could have produced. At least this one picture, and my all too brief experience with my first total solar eclipse, I will treasure for a lifetime.


Violence broke out in an Uttarakhand village early on Friday after some posters and banners on Dr B.R. Ambedkar were burnt and torn off, the police said.
Following this, an irate mob pelted stones and injured many policemen and even torched some vehicles in Munder village under the Mangalor police station's jurisdiction, the police added.
An official said that some persons had on Thursday night torn and burnt posters made for the occasion of the 126th birth anniversary celebrations of Ambedkar.
When the news spread, an angry mob took to the streets but the police pacified it on Thursday.
On Friday morning, the people's anger, however, spilled over on the streets and they pelted stones at the policemen. A circle officer and half a dozen other policemen were injured.
Security deployment has been increased in the village and things are under control as of now, the official said.


Mr. Harrison always melts my heart. I just adore this little boy and watching him grow has been SO amazing and wonderful. I have had the privilege of photographing this little mans entire family since before his big sister was born and I have known his mommy since high school! He has one of the sweetest families too.
I feel like have to caption the above photos.... "Who me?"
When the photographer wants you to pose with your hands in your pocket and your mom puts a snack in your pocket and you can't get it out. It can get a little frustrating guys.


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Bringing in the euro
June 2008 (Magazine)By George Coats
Some Cypriot funds have been using this year's euro accession to professionalise their portfolios, finds George Coats
Although it is not yet half way through, this has been a busy year for Cyprus. It opened with entry into the euro-zone. And election a month later resulted in the installation of the first left-of-centre president.
The run-up to euro entry had already had an impact on the pensions industry. "It put an end to a long period of high interest rates, which means that cash no longer provides a risk-free, comfortably-above-inflation investment," says Christos Akkelides, director of asset management at Argus Stockbrokers Ltd, which undertakes asset management for second pillar provident funds. "So the funds have to seek returns elsewhere."
"It has made investment much easier," says Marinos Gialeli, (pictured right) general manager at the Cypriot hotel employees' provident fund, the largest private sector fund. "We see euroland as a domestic market and that makes it easier for the trustee committee to accept changes in the portfolio."
But not all see it as a turning point. "It has broadened investment horizons," agrees Christos Spanos, executive director, advisory, at XS Capital. "Increasingly they are looking at euro-based assets. But having said that, the adoption of the euro has had a relatively small impact. What really kicked off the changes was the common platform with the Athens stock exchange when all Cyprus stocks started trading in euros about 18 months ago. And people started converting their Cyprus pounds into euros for investment."
Akkelides agrees that the key catalyst for change to the pension landscape pre-dated euro entry but he still sees it as coming from Brussels. "The driving force behind any change was the legislation to implement the EU directive, which came into force in November 2006," he says.
"That has had the most significant influence on the pensions industry since independence because it has forced local institutions - provident funds - to seek professional advice to diversify their portfolios overseas and to allocate more money to non-interest-related products, non-cash and fixed income products, primarily equities and alternatives."
However, although the EU directive has been enacted, the majority of pension funds are too small to be affected by it. Cyprus has two types of pensions vehicles, provident funds, which are DC and provide a lump sum, and pension funds, which may be DB and provide on-going payments.
"There are about 60 pension funds, and some are the biggest on the island, but not a lot of provident funds fall into the over-100-member category," says George Psaras, managing actuary, social insurance, pension and provident funds at regional actuarial consultancy Muhanna & Co.
"The issue for provident funds is that they have fewer requirements in terms of investment regulation compared with pension funds. Whereas a person in a DB scheme expects at the age of 63 to get 30% of their final salary from social insurance and knows they'll get another 50% from the scheme, provident funds do not see their role as providing a replacement income at retirement. So they tend to get lower investment returns and are not required by law to get more or hit a target rate.
A provident fund member will contribute 5% of their salary, which their employer will match, but they will never have been given advice about the lump sum they could expect to get and what is the percentage of their income they need to retire. Needless to say the lump sum lasts for three years because they spend it, using it to repay loans, for example."
"Plan sponsors have been trying to ensure that they do not have too volatile returns because then somebody who leaves in, say, 1995 could have very different benefits from someone who leaves in 2000 and that's when problems start," says Spanos. "But other than that they haven't really attempted to optimise return within acceptable risk criteria, but rather preferred to try to completely eliminate risk."
And provident funds allow all benefits to be taken at any time, without penalty and tax free, whenever a member changes job. "This makes talking about long-term investment strategies inappropriate because often the horizon is not very long," says Philippos Mannaris, (pictured left) head of the Hewitt office in Nicosia. "And there is also no framework for converting lump sums into an annuity." Only a small percentage of retirement plans are actually used for retirement, he adds.
Akkelides feels that the answer does not lie in legislation. "It will be regulated by the market," he says. "Provident funds are generally constructed to accept single employee contributions which means that a mobile young professional has to take out his personal retirement money when he changes job.
However, this is different with some industry schemes like that for hoteliers. So the solution may be the growth of industry-wide funds and provident funds with more open architecture so a member will be able to maintain his provident fund irrespective of where he is located, what job he is doing and who the employer is."
Spanos is not so sure: "The suggestion that funds might merge has been out there for a long while, but it is not easy to do," he says. "Companies that feel they have done a much better job than others are not keen. And the EU directive is a sort of disincentive to mergers. A lot of plan sponsors have said 'let's adopt the philosophy of the directive but let's not get ourselves over regulated'. So why should they go over 100 people?"
But does the new president, Dimitris Christofias, leader of Cyprus' communist party, AKEL, like other left-wing European leaders support the primacy of the state pension? And what is the view of his administration of private pensions?
"The government does not object to the creation of second pillar schemes," says Psaras. "After all the provident funds were created because of trade union pressure."
"The government is a loose coalition between AKEL and the previously governing party, DIKO, and it has indicated that it would move ahead with the last government's pension reform proposals," says Mannaris. "But unfortunately these only focus on the first pillar."
Indeed, last month labour minister Sotiroula Charalambous announced a package of measures that she said would ensure the state social security fund's viability until 2050. The measures included a gradual increase in contributions of 9.1% over the next 30 years, stricter eligibility conditions for benefits and a review of the investment strategy. She added that she hoped to table legislation by the end of this month.
But for those funds that are big enough the way forward is through applying the directive's requirement that they appoint advisers.
"The new legislation demands that a board of trustees takes expert advice where it lacks experience and we have seen that happening with the largest schemes," says Mannaris. "The trend to employ investment advisers to advise them on strategy and the selection of fund managers has picked up over the last year."
The Cypriot hotel employees' provident fund is leading the way. It hired Hewitt to help design the investment strategy it is now implementing, which includes the appointment of Schroders and Edinburgh Partners to handle its global equities, BlackRock and Goldman Sachs Asset Management for global bonds and three local managers for local equities.
"A lot of other pension funds and provident funds follow our steps, hiring investment managers, trying to implement an investment strategy," says Gialeli. "Already some are thinking in a much more professional way."
One of those is the pension fund of the electricity authority. "We at are in the process of establishing our investment policy, but it is not yet finished," says Stelios Constantinides, financial accounting manager at the Electricity Authority of Cyprus. "Hewitt advised on the new investment policy and we have sent RFPs to Morgan Stanley, BlackRock and Goldman Sachs, and we are in the process of assessing the offers. I anticipate that we will have concluded the process within the next few weeks."
Additionally, Mannaris sees the 2006 legislation as opening up further prospects. "The cross-border provisions of the directive have been implemented in local legislation as well," he says.
"It offers an opportunity for Cyprus to act as a hub for pan-European pensions, not for the whole of Europe perhaps but for a select number of countries in the region. Currently, there is movement from us and other market participants to register cross-border plans given the favourable legal and tax framework in place. We are testing the ground to see whether this could be an opportunity for multinationals based in, say, Cyprus, Greece, Romania and Bulgaria."
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This past weekend was the Daytime Emmys … always a fun time, but even more so now that it's become a whole weekend affair. Now that I've had a few days to unwind from all the excitement, I thought I'd recap a few of the highlights.
When I started PLANK, I mentioned that there might be some random musings … well today is one of those days.
I was thinking the other day, as I was learning my script for Days of Our Lives, that it's very interesting how you can take any sentence or phrase and say it at least 10 different ways … all with different subtext. As an actor, this is always interesting to explore, and there are even acting exercises dedicated to this very thing.
This plays out in our everyday lives, too, in how we interact with people. As actors, we consider our character's motivation and make conscious choices about how we deliver lines. But in life we often let emotion alone drive delivery … and sometimes our intention is lost in the mix. Our communications can so easily be misunderstood, especially in today's world where texting and emailing sometimes replace actual face-to-face conversations.


For the elegant and clean look, the Imperial series offers a sure choice. Featuring subtle veining, this ceramic tiles will wow your guests and add value to any room.
This beautiful porcelain tiles mimics the alluring beauty of classic travertine stone. It has all the advantage of minimal maintenance of porcelain tiles with the glamour of natural stones. Perfect for classic home design, or go bold and match it with daring industrial furniture pieces.
The Underground series represent the understated beauty of porcelain tiles. Its true industrial feel stems from unmistakable look of cement combined with just a touch of soft movement to enhance the effect. Comes in the bold look of lappato and subtle feel of matte finish, the Underground range suits a whole range of modern commercial projects while also a choice for minimalist homes.


With a 10K and 10 mile run; a 10K and 10 mile power walk; or a 1 mile trail trot, there is a choice for any participant. Location of this is event is Strawberry Hill Nature Preserve and Michaux State Forest. This fun fall event is designed to offer runners a chance to experience miles of trails in the Blue Ridge Mountains, while giving families the perfect opportunity to enjoy the colorful autumn foliage. Runners and non-runners alike are invited to take part in an opportunity to enjoy nature, food, music, and friends while supporting Adams County's only non-profit environmental education center and nature preserve. Registration: 1 mile - $15 Power Walk, 10K, 10 mile: $35 June 1st - Oct. 15th $40 Oct. 16th - Nov. 11th $45 Day of race (Nov. 15th) Registration made available through Gettysburg College's Office of Experiential Education. October 31st: Last day to guarantee a shirt November 11th: On line registration closes. Walk-ins welcome (cash and check preferred at this time) Race is limited to 250 runners.


Go forth into the MR. NICE dreamtime, anytime. A selection of mixed indoor varieties of excellent parentage including Skunk, NL, Haze, and Afghan. Highly recommended for the first time grower or those that search for an economic solution to their problems. Guaranteed to turn the consumer on and personally recommended if you have some selection experience, there will be something in every packet worth the wait..
Special Notes: A winner to those with economic budgets, looking for the one!
Click here to visit "Dreamtime" forum!


The beautiful and perfect Custom Seal End with Perforated Top packaging from The Custom Boxes is available in many different cardstock options including the much durable corrugated cardboard with a rich selection of surface finish options and suit custom products like tissues, toys or certain small-sized items perfectly that need to be removed from them through the topside perforated opening.
Manufactured from high-end non-bendable very sturdy materials, these can be available with a wide selection of customizations and you can also enjoy our free wholesale order's add-ons like free shipping, free printing, and free cutting die equipment as well.
The Custom Boxes understands that the nature of products that need to be packaged inside our beautiful Seal End with Perforated Top boxes require highly customized and embellished boxes and we provide that most efficiently with custom gold/silver foil stamping, embossing, debossing or raised ink printing and top quality surfaces finish options like matte, gloss or spot UV. You can also select different grades of cardstock materials making these as sturdy as required and as dynamic looking as your everyday usage products need for them to appeal much more to your customers. We aim our packaging to boost your sales and business in the process as well through catchy designs and attractive look and feel.
If you want highly customized showcase ready seal end boxes that provide the easiest bottom seat with a perforated top and customized to look attractive and feel great, The Custom Boxes is your top choice. We will provide you most satisfactory packaging at cheapest wholesale prices and will offer free shipping, free printing plate, and free cutting die equipment as well on bulk orders.


Jetski Safaris offer the thrill of Jetskiing in a safe environment under the watchful eye and guidance of a RYA Personal Watercraft Instructor.
Based in the breath taking Poole Harbour with the Jurassic Coast on its doorstep, it is the ultimate adventure on the most exhilarating personal watercraft. It's our location that sets Jetski Safaris apart. Without the confines of a lake clients can experience both the flatter waters of a harbour as well as the exhilarating conditions of the open sea.
Located on the edge of Sandbanks, Studlands jet ski hire is second to none is less than five minutes drive from the popular coastal destinations of Bournemouth and Poole. Now in our 5th Season and still the UK's number one Jet Ski Experience company.
You can also enjoy the thrill of speed boating skimming the shoreline of Studland bay at exhilarating speeds.
How could speed boating and Jet skiing impact on ecosystems in the local area?
What conflicts would it cause with other users of the area such as fishermen or SCUBA divers?
Why could the waves created by the passing of speedboats cause damage to the coastline?
Does this strategy encourage people to look after their own environment responsibly?
How would this increase pressure on emergency services in the area such as the RNLI.


95 points Wine Spectator: "Beautiful aromas of mushroom, berry and dried fruit. Full-bodied, with rich, silky tannins and a finish of amazing fruit and spices that goes on and on. I love this. Hard to hold back, as this is so luscious and exciting to taste now. Best after 2008. 410 cases made. (11/15/03)"
92 points Stephen Tanzer (International Wine Cellar): "Full, deep red. Spicy, aromatic nose of redcurrant, plum, tobacco, dried flowers and underbrush. Lush, dense and sweet, with a glyceral, fleshy texture for Barbaresco and excellent concentration. Seamless, complex and rich. Finishes with very fine, thoroughly buffered tannins and lovely lingering sweetness. (Nov/Dec 2004)"


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You are here: Home / Energy and Climate Change / Events / The Global Threat Multiplier- National Security Experts' Warning...
The Global Threat Multiplier- National Security Experts' Warning on Climate Change
April 15, 2016 /in Energy and Climate Change, Events, Events /by actualize
Retired Admiral James Loy (Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security 2003 – 2005) & Ambassador Thomas Pickering (Undersecretary of State 1997 – 2000) led a panel discussing the national security implications of climate change. This event follows the release of a bipartisan policy statement in late 2015 signed by 48 accomplished former Generals, Admirals, Secretaries, and Ambassadors in support of PSA's efforts to advocate for bipartisan action and a stronger global leadership role in this vital issue.
The Departments of State and Defense, National Intelligence Council, and many others in the national security community have identified climate change as an emerging threat to U.S. security priorities and a new variable influencing the security landscape in critical regions across the globe. Described as an "accelerant of instability" by DoD, the impacts of this dangerous factor are a growing concern for military planners with a vested interest in long-term strategic outlooks.
View the Bipartisan Statement
Though Representative Gibson was not able to attend the event, you can learn more about his climate change resolution, which is backed by 11 other House Republicans, here.
Ambassador Thomas Pickering
Ambassador Pickering served as Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs (1997-2000) and as U.S. Ambassador to the Russian Federation, India, Israel, El Salvador, Nigeria, and Jordan. He also was the U.S. Ambassador and Representative to the United Nations in New York, where he led the U.S. effort to build a coalition in the UN Security Council during and after the first Gulf War. He has held additional positions in Tanzania, Geneva, and Washington, including as Assistant Secretary of State for the Bureau of Oceans, Environmental and Scientific Affairs and as Special Assistant to Secretaries of State William P. Rogers and Henry A. Kissinger. He is a member of PSA's Advisory Board
Admiral James Loy (Retired)
Admiral Loy (ret.) served as Commandant of the United States Coast Guard (1998-2002), Under Secretary of Security of the Transportation Security Administration (2002-2003), and Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security (2003-2005). Admiral Loy served as the Coast Guard Chief of Staff from 1996 to 1998, during which time he redesigned the headquarters management structure and overhauled the Coast Guard planning and budgeting process to focus more sharply on performance and results. From 1994 to 1996, he was Commander of the Coast Guard's Atlantic Area, supervising U.S. forces during the mass Haitian and Cuban migrations of 1994, and leading Coast Guard forces participating in Operation Restore Democracy. He is currently a Senior Counselor at the Cohen Group.
Tags: Congressional Briefings, Topic: Climate Change
actualize https://psaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/PSALogo_Horiz_transparent-300x89.png actualize2016-04-15 16:00:022016-04-15 16:00:02The Global Threat Multiplier- National Security Experts' Warning on Climate Change
PSA/ASAP Panel Discussion: Afghan Elections and the Future of US-Afghan Relations
At the Table: Perspectives on Iran Negotiations from Two Former U.S. Negotiators
A Conversation with Ambassador Thomas Pickering
Kurdistan Referendum Crisis: Next Steps for U.S. Policy
CPP Spring 2016: Orientation PSA in the Huffington Post: Climate Change: Still a War of Words


Now I'am useing a Dell Poweredge 2950 , Dual QuadCore xeon ( total of 8 cores ) and 6 gb Ram with 2 disk's of 1 TB in raid 1 .
I'am getting about 2000 visits per day , this weekend i got 2500 visits but the CPU of the server went to 80% , is this normal ? The webpage responded slowly and ps aux returned about 20 processes named dl.cgi.
The avarage download speed is 6144 kBytes/s , how my clients should this dual quadcore support ? Is there any settings i could make to increase performance ?
Another thing , this machine runs vmware ESXi4 , the only VM running is the xfilesharing pro and have maximum resources .
How about a ideal hardware setup for supporting about 5000 visits/day and 50000 visits/day .
You need to get the NGINX modification installed... Simple as that... This same topic comes up a lot.
Can you compare the performance of apache vs nginx running xfilesharing pro ?
Well you're not replacing apache... You're just adding NGINX to manage the downloads... that's all.
Apache would handle all small requests, while NGINX would handle all direct downloads requests. Both working at the same time under different ports. Apache port:80 and NGINX Port:X depending on how it's set.
Use "Direct Links" instead of dl.cgi for downloads. dl.cgi will eat system resources as it's passing every single download through script.
do you use 2 differend servers (website and download) or just 1 single server for both ??


Nicole Green is a PR consultant and part-time journalist. She recently co-founded Bambosh, a communications consultancy that brings together traditional media relations, content creation and digital strategy to help entrepreneurial businesses start and grow. She is currently working with early stage technology start-ups Provenance and Corner Drop and food brand Atlantic Kitchen. She has previously worked with some of the most interesting names in British enterprise – from Dragons' Den's Peter Jones to Ella's Kitchen's Paul Lindley. She led the global media campaign for youth charity One Young World and was part of the team behind the government's StartUp Britain campaign.
Dive into the fundamentals of Public Relations and how to apply them to your business.