text:
4 Students, 2 Cities, 1 Great Adventure
"The World is a book, and those who do not travel read only a page." ~ St. Augustine
Well, several BCS students certainly took St. Augustine's advice! Over spring break, four students and three adult chaperones traveled to Washington D.C. and New York City for an amazing adventure that will last in their minds forever.
On the trip were three BWA students, including Junior MacKenzie Cronin and Senior Aaliyah Huggins, as well as BEC Senior Adria "Art" Tollefson. Joining in on the fun was BWA staff member DeAnna Hoccom, BEC counselor Stormy Ballenger, and grandmother Debbie Robinson.
These students had been saving up and planning for this trip for a very long time, and they couldn't wait to get started! Art is an experienced traveler, and she was looking forward to expanding her cultural and historical knowledge. Mackenzie had been to NYC before, but she was excited to get a closer look this time. Aaliyah, who had never traveled before, felt excited and ready. For her, this was a passage into adulthood. "I think it was important for me because I got a big dose of independence," she says. All the students gained a lot of confidence and first-hand knowledge, and they learned to really appreciate our nation's rich history and variety of people.
Right after getting off the plane at Washington D.C., the sleepy group hurried over to the Smithsonian Institution to meet their tour guide. The Smithsonian is the world's largest educational institution, containing 19 museums, the National Zoo, and numerous cultural and research centers. Believe it or not, the travelers took their tour in their pajamas!
After the tour, the group got a chance to settle down at their hotel and begin their exploration of Washington D.C. Their itinerary was packed full of destinations, and students were also able to plan what to do in their free time. Mount Vernon, George Washington's mansion in Virginia, was one of the first destinations. The stately mansion sits on a beautiful, green estate, and a guided tour makes you feel like you're really living in the 18th century. "It is such a beautiful and peaceful place to go," recalls Mackenzie.
There were also some destinations that were sad and moving. The Vietnam War Memorial moved everyone, especially Ms. Ballenger. "I did not expect to feel such emotion in places full of tourist activity," she says. It was a somber moment when they visited Arlington National Cemetery in Vermont, where President John F. Kennedy was buried after he was assassinated. Ms. Robinson remembers the cemetery "with the stillness of remembrance of President Kennedy." She was only 12 when he died and can recall the moment like it was yesterday.
Of course, no trip to Washington D.C. would be complete without a tour of the White House! They also visited the Lincoln Memorial in Virginia and spent quite a bit of time learning about government and history. Art particularly enjoyed observing people and taking in all the details about how our country runs. She was constantly pointing out facts and tidbits about history and making analyses of her observations.
As their stay at D.C. came to a close, the students got ready for the next part of their adventure. Next stop: New York City! Mackenzie had already been to NYC when she was smaller, but she was looking forward to taking a more in-depth look. After taking another plane ride and settling down at their new hotel, the students were ready for more action! They took a walk through Times Square, an incredibly busy and unique entertainment, commercial, and tourist center in Manhattan. Watching The Phantom of the Opera on Broadway was an experience the students never forgot. They also took a ride on NYC's famous subways ("you haven't lived until you've experienced a subway ride!" says Ms. Robinson).
The students' visit to New York was a great opportunity to learn about America's history. They learned about immigrants in the early 20th century and took their same path. They visited the Statue of Liberty, which greeted millions of immigrants coming into America for the first time. Then they took a ferry ride to the nearby Ellis Island, which served as a gateway for immigrants. Many Americans have distant relatives that came to America through Ellis Island,
Everyone can agree, though, that one of the best parts of visiting New York was taking a night tour of the monuments! Aaliyah particularly enjoyed this: "I mean they're really pretty in the day but when night falls and they're all lit up, it's pretty magical," she says. As the sky darkened, the four students and the three adults went up in the Empire State Building. When they reached the top and looked out the window, what they saw nearly took their breath away. The whole city of Manhattan was lit against the black sky, and a chilly breeze swept against them. It all looked magical, glittering, and amazing.
There were also some deeply personal experiences on the trip. One of these moments occurred at Macy's. Ms. Debbie Robinson and the rest of the group were waiting for an elevator, and there another older gentlemen waiting, too. After striking up a conversation with Ms. Robinson, he found out she is Danish. "I am Jewish, I was in Europe during Hitler's reign," he told her. He thanked her, because it was the people of her home country that saved his life. This was such a touching and inspiring moment for everyone.
Traveling is an amazing way for students to expand their horizons and perhaps leave their comfort zones a little. "It aids with self-identity and personal growth, it opens their minds to a new different way of living…" says Ms. Hoccom. Ms. Ballenger thinks that traveling is important for middle and high schoolers because it brings their education to life. Mackenzie also advises students to take advantage of this opportunity: "…don't miss out on an experience like this, it [is] truly amazing some of the things you get to see."
What do you want to be doing next spring? If you're ready for fun, adventure, learning, and growth, you may want to start saving up for the next trip! To learn more and to ease your parents' worry about safety, ask your advisory teacher about the next informational meeting!
A huge thank you to DeAnna Hoccom, Stormy Ballenger, and Debbie Robinson for supporting our student travelers and to all the parents, teachers, and students who supported and donated for this trip! This wouldn't have been possible without you, and you've made a huge difference in the lives of these students!


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Sudarshan is an astute Chartered Accountant with an eye for details and up to date knowledge on taxation and corporate related matters. He can save taxes for you when all other contemporaries of his genre have ceased their all options.


On the 25th March at the Bristol and Bath Science Park, Low Carbon South West will be hosting their "Unlocking Innovation" event. The event will be highlighting how low carbon companies in the region can benefit from accessing the right funding streams, to get their innovative ideas off of the ground. Stirling's, Energy Business Manager, Pete Stirling, has been invited to speak at the event and will be explaining how the company has successfully applied for funding through a variety of avenues. Pete will be discussing a current research and development tidal project, REMO, which was funded under the EU FP7 programme. Stirling became involved in the project based on our experience in condition monitoring systems. The project is looking to improve the efficiency of tidal turbines and contribute towards the successful commercialisation of the industry. Another project Pete will also be referencing in his talk, is the successful collaboration between Stirling and waste water-to-energy technology start-up, Industrial Phycology. Industrial Phycology had developed a process to create energy from waste water using algae. Stirling became involved in providing the engineering-know-how in creating the control systems and software for the photobioreactor system. The project was furthered by accessing DECC and West of England LEP funding.
On his talk, Pete commented that:"Stirling has experience of working with grant funding in our core business, and actively seek to identify additional funding to facilitate our entry into new markets. As a result we've been able to successfully achieve diversification, collaborate with new partners, and create projects and products that will have valuable and wide ranging implications for our business and the low carbon sector as a whole.
The Knowledge Transfer Network will also be represented at the event to talk about the opportunities within current and upcoming Innovate UK funding calls.


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From Mark Twain's the adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Delmar1992, Mrs. Mill's 2nd hour class, Josh Morgan, Vicki Diep, Paul Lee, and Delmarian Productions comes the reenactment of The Grangerfords vs.
Shepherdsons vs. Grangerfords: Family Feud Gone Crazy Buck Grangerford: The feud between the Shepherdsons and Grangerfords (Chapters 17-18) is one of the most violent episodes in the novel. Huck and Jim get separated after a steamboat hits the raft. Huck finds a big log cabin owned by the Grangerfords and is greeted by dogs and threats.
This is a project for our English class. We reenacted a scene from Mark Twain's "Huckleberry Finn." This includes the Grangerford-Shepherdson fight scene as well as Buck and Huck discussing the feud.


It's challenging to deal with high-conflict people in negotiations, especially when your emotions are already running high. Learn how to recognize aggressive behaviors and develop skills to navigate them in this filmed lecture by renowned negotiator Professor Charles Wiggins.
After completing this module, you will be able to determine whether you are dealing with a high-conflict person, label their behavior, know not to take the aggression personally, employ methods to calm the aggressive interaction, and apply strategies for moving the negotiation forward.
I read this article and found it very interesting, thought it might be something for you. The article is called How to Deal with Difficult Personalities and is located at https://tedleonhardt.com/worth-it/dealing-with-difficult-personalities-training-module/.
In this module, I show you how to identify your strengths and develop strategies to value your work.


The Pakistani Descent Physician Society of Illinois (PPS), under the umbrella of the Association of Physicians of Pakistani Descent of North America (APPNA), opened this free health clinic in 2009. APPNA, which has been in operation for 35 years, is headquartered in the Chicago suburb of Westmont, Illinois and has brought together motivated doctors sprinkled throughout the United States to volunteer at free clinics, perform charitable acts, and has also provided assistance in times of dire emergencies when natural disasters hit both the US and Pakistan.
Open on Saturdays due to its nature of being run by volunteer physicians, medical students and community members who have other responsibilities during the week, the clinic caters to about 25 patients on a given day in the four hours it is open. With an increasing demand from the patients, PPS hopes to gain more support to start a mobile clinic and also begin providing services on Wednesdays in the future.
The clinic is open to all and not just the South Asian community of whom approximately 40 per cent are without health insurance. While, almost a fifth of the entire population lives without it and has to rely on government-assisted methods or do without proper healthcare altogether.
For Dr Khan, the paid work he does during the week does not come close to the satisfaction he feels when a patient thanks him at the end of a consultation.
PPS, with its network of providers is rendering services worth $250 million a year to needy patients.


Thankfully, sustainability is becoming a common word in today's culture. More people are beginning to understand the importance of protecting our environment and that's what sustainability is all about, right?
Well, kind of. Sustainability really incorporates more than just environmental protection. Being sustainable includes the 3 P's: planet, people, profit. A business, or planet for that matter, can only be truly sustainable if it considers the protection of our natural resources, local people and culture, and a successful economy.
In 2010, Wet Planet inventors Todd and Jaco (with the help of other Wet Planet team members) made a huge leap for sustainable tourism in the Columbia Gorge by becoming the first area rafting company to achieve an eco-certification with Sustainable Travel International (STI for short). STI defines sustainability as protecting the environment, maintaining sense of place, and generating economic benefits. Our alignment with this idea of sustainability, and STI's mission to create a more sustainable tourism industry, led to Wet Planet's certification.
Wet Planet's certification didn't mean huge changes in what we do or how we run the business, just better tracking and accountability for our practices. Now we keep tabs on everything that goes on around the property: from weighing our garbage and recycling, to tracking the volume of cleaning supplies, Wet Planet knows what our impact is and since we began tracking, we've been successful in reducing our waste, electricity use (from a buzzing reservations office and base) and water consumption!
The eco-certification brought more of an awareness to what this impact really is. In addition to reducing our resource consumption, it led to Wet Planet practicing more environmentally friendly purchasing especially with cleaning supplies and paper products and we joined GO! and their initiative Green Drinks- a Gorge organization promoting the local business economy.
Now we are proud of our contributions to sustainable tourism. We have offset our GHG footprint through the Bonneville Environmental Foundation which means we are totally carbon neutral! We began stocking local products in our shop and cafe, from T-shirts and hats to tortilla chips and smoothies. We organize an annual White Salmon Riverfest and Symposium (this year we've set the date for July 9th!), which includes a rafting trip with very reduced rates for community members and forums to help keep people informed about environmental issues facing rivers and the local community (see you there!).
Social responsibility (the people of sustainability) is very valued and important at Wet Planet. We make sure to stay active in the community and help contribute to social causes. Jaco serves on the board of directors for our local Mt Adams Chamber of Commerce. Todd is a member of the local BZ/Husum Community Council and runs Swiftwater Rescue courses with local emergency responders. We participate annually in a federal program helping soldiers deal with Post Combat Stress issues through river activities. We host annual kayak camps for cancer fighters and survivors with the non-profit First Descents.
All in all, at Wet Planet we recognize that we are part of a bigger picture, and we take pride in making a real effort to do our part, and fulfill our responsibilities in a larger sustainable community and globe.
We are so thankful to call this spectacular area our home, and we couldn't do what we do without the beautiful rivers that we run, and our community to help facilitate and support that. Hopefully along the way, we inspire others to take sustainability into their own hands just as we have here at Wet Planet. How do you contribute to sustainability in the Gorge or elsewhere?
The author, Erin Cunningham, is the coordinator for Wet Planet's sustainability efforts and partnerships.


text:
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module.exports = {
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The 2018 Suzuki TU250X revitalizes the retro cruiser style while matching modern design and efficiency. This classically styled motorcycle comes with spoked wheels, a round headlight and a low-slung tapered muffler. Don't let the retro-look fool you, though—at its heart is a modern, fuel-injected single-cylinder Suzuki engine. This complete package is a classic standard motorcycle that matches modern conveniences and reliable performance with a fuel-efficient ride.


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Home > Big Story > Tipu Sultan died historic death fighting British: President
Tipu Sultan died historic death fighting British: President
Agencies25 Oct 2017 1:50 PM GMT
Bengaluru: President Ram Nath Kovind on Wednesday praised Tipu Sultan saying he died a "historic death" fighting the British, days after a central Minister called the former Mysore ruler a "brutal killer and mass rapist".
"Tipu Sultan died a historic death fighting the British. He was also a pioneer in the development of Mysore rockets (iron-casted rockets for military use)," Kovind said addressing the legislators in the Karnataka Assembly at a joint session to mark the diamond jubilee (60th year) celebrations of Vidhan Soudha, the state legislative building.
Recalling the contributions of Karnataka's former rulers, politicians and scientists in the growth of the state and the country on the whole, the President spoke of Tipu Sultan, leading to loud applause from a majority of the legislators.
Union Minister Anantkumar Hegde, a Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leader, has called Tipu a "brutal killer, wretched fanatic and mass rapist", ahead of the state's Tipu Jayanti celebrations to mark his birth anniversary on November 10. Hegde also asked the state government to drop his name from the official invites to the function.
However, the President's remarks in praise of Tipu Sultan did not go down well with the BJP.
The ruling Congress party had "forced" the President to speak on Tipu, alleged senior BJP leader and former Deputy Chief Minister of the state K.S. Eshwarappa.
"The speech was a deliberate attempt by the Congress party to make the President praise Tipu Sultan," Eshwarappa told reporters after the joint session.
Karnataka Working President of the Congress Dinesh Gundu Rao said the BJP was only "insulting" the President by criticising his speech.
"They (BJP) are only insulting our country's President," Rao told media here.
The ruling Congress began celebrating Tipu's birth anniversary since 2015, which led to violent protests by right-wing organisations in the Mysore region and other parts of the state. The BJP in the state has been opposing the celebrations calling Tipu "anti-Hindu and anti-Kannada".
Known as the 'Tiger of Mysore', Tipu Sultan ruled the Mysore kingdom from 1782-1799 succeeding his father Haider Ali.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


All Graduate desktop machines are configured the same way. If you have access to one, you have access to all of them. Some machines have different specs. Please consult tables below to find less crowded machines to use.
See Overview of Graduate Machines status for more details of what are monitored.


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5 Things The Best YouTube Videos All Have
It seems like everyone dreams of living out their 15 minutes of fame on YouTube. Read here to learn the 5 things the best YouTube videos all have.
YouTube videos are big business these days. In 2017, the ten highest earning YouTubers all brought in more that $10 million from their respective channels.
But the average YouTuber will only earn a tiny fraction of that, if anything at all. So what is it that separates the top earners from the majority?
Building the Best YouTube Videos
There is no secret formula to becoming a YouTube success to story, but there are a few key items that we can single out. They won't guarantee a success on their own, but all the best videos tend to have them.
Success on YouTube means generating buzz and getting noticed. With thousands of hours of footage uploaded every day, you need the mentality of an old-timey carnival barker.
How you do this depends on what kind of videos you're making. A popular tactic is to piggyback off of the popularity of other videos. Video responses, reaction videos, and the like are all time-honored ways of inserting yourself into the same sphere of publicity as more established producers.
A Connection with Viewers
Once you start accumulating viewers, you need to ensure that they keep coming back to the channel. This means formulating a connection with them.
A good way to do this is to give your viewers input into what content you create. At the end of one video, ask your viewers to let you know in the comments what topics you want future videos to cover. Then give shout outs to viewers when you use their suggestions.
It makes viewers feel included, and therefore more invested in your channel. And because of the way YouTube's analytics work, the extra comments will help your videos climb towards the top of search results.
You'll struggle to forge a connection however, if all you bring to the table is a flat monotone and deadpan delivery. But it's also important not to overthink this point. If you come across as artificial, that will be just as great a turn-off as if you had no personality at all.
Ideally, you'll be making videos about something you're at least somewhat passionate about.
Embrace that passion and let it come through in you videos. Your viewers will sense and appreciate your energy and authenticity.
Visual Flair
Of course, a tremendous aspect to cultivating a personality is in the visuals. Just pointing a camera at your face will give your viewers the impression that they're eavesdropping on someone's Skype conversation, and that's just not comfortable for anybody.
If you're gifted at visual effects, then this should be simple enough. But not to worry if you're not and don't have the time to learn. It's quick, easy and economic to just buy pre-made packages of videos.
In the early days of YouTube, it was common and acceptable to put out amateurish content. But with professional content creators becoming the norm, that just doesn't fly anymore. Given the choice, viewers will always go for the video with the higher production value.
That said, you don't need to drop a fortune to produce professional looking content. Simply knowing how to make the most out of the equipment you have can make a world of difference.
And a few bells and whistles never hurt.
Learning how to make a YouTube intro is a good place to start. Viewers will decide in a matter of moments whether they want to watch your video, or any of your other content. A snappy intro can help hook them early.
Start Rolling
Ultimately, making great YouTube videos is going to require a lot of trial and error. Don't lose heart if you don't become an overnight sensation. If it was easy, everyone would do it.
That said, you can always hedge the odds in your favor. Pligg can help you get an edge over the competition. With our huge libraries of video, music, and artwork, you'll have an instant advantage over every would-be celebrity with a webcam.
Jenny Cass
7 Beverages to Enjoy for Each Day of the Week Instead of Sugary Soda
A Quick Guide on How to Work For Yourself
Jack Elway on Why People Are So Passionate about College Football
Leverage Canada's ACMPR Program for a Better Sex Life
6 Smart Reasons Why Goal Setting is Essential for a Successful Entrepreneur
Digital Marketing and Search Engine Optimization, Why You Need to Invest
Reputation Management Consultant Reviews and Why These Consultants They Are Needed
What to Consider Before Having a Vasectomy
What Are Multi-Family Investment Properties?
The Best Place to Find Country Homes For Sale
How Big of a Sauna Heater Do I Need?
Where to Get Botox Injections Near Me
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Because Life's Too Short Not To Be


When a child or teenager under the age of 18 commits any crime, from a serious felony like murder to a misdemeanor for being out past curfew, special court procedures and consequences often apply. At Dusek Law a East Grand Forks, criminal defense firm, we are passionate about helping juveniles throughout North Dakota and Minnesota mitigate negative consequences and protect their futures in these complex criminal proceedings.
When children under the age of 10 commit a crime, they are typically referred to the child welfare program as children in need of protection or services (CHIPS). In some CHIPS cases, parents are found to be unable to effectively protect and care for their children. These cases may result in the termination of parental rights.
At Dusek Law we are dedicated to ensuring that minors have the strong, aggressive defense they need to protect their rights and their best interests. With more than two decades of experience, we understand juvenile law and have the skill to help our clients secure outcomes that will help them avoid lifelong consequences for youthful mistakes.
To schedule a free initial consultation with experienced East Grand Forks juvenile crimes lawyers serving clients throughout North Dakota and Minnesota, contact Dusek Law at 877-387-3524.


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.class public abstract Lcom/samsung/android/contextaware/dataprovider/DataProvider;
.super Lcom/samsung/android/contextaware/manager/ContextProvider;
.source "DataProvider.java"

# direct methods
.method protected constructor <init>(ILandroid/content/Context;Landroid/os/Looper;Lcom/samsung/android/contextaware/dataprovider/sensorhubprovider/ISensorHubResetObservable;)V
    .locals 0

    invoke-direct {p0, p1, p2, p3, p4}, Lcom/samsung/android/contextaware/manager/ContextProvider;-><init>(ILandroid/content/Context;Landroid/os/Looper;Lcom/samsung/android/contextaware/dataprovider/sensorhubprovider/ISensorHubResetObservable;)V

    return-void
.end method

# virtual methods
.method protected final initialize()V
    .locals 1

    invoke-super {p0}, Lcom/samsung/android/contextaware/manager/ContextProvider;->getContext()Landroid/content/Context;

    move-result-object v0

    if-nez v0, :cond_0

    const-string/jumbo v0, "mContext is null."

    invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/samsung/android/contextaware/utilbundle/logger/CaLogger;->error(Ljava/lang/String;)V

    return-void

    :cond_0
    invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/samsung/android/contextaware/dataprovider/DataProvider;->initializeManager()V

    return-void
.end method

.method protected abstract initializeManager()V
.end method

.method protected final terminate()V
    .locals 0

    invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/samsung/android/contextaware/dataprovider/DataProvider;->terminateManager()V

    return-void
.end method

.method protected abstract terminateManager()V
.end method


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Milton Observer
Just watching that river flow
Milton Occupations – 1840
By Muriel Bristol | January 22, 2023
The Sixth (1840) Federal Census tabulated occupations as well as populations. The available categories were Mining; Agriculture; Commerce; Manufactures and Trades; Navigation of the Oceans; Navigation of Canals, Lakes, and Rivers; Learned Professions and Engineers.
Milton had 1,322 people overall in 1840. Those 1,322 people resided in 250 households, i.e., there was an average of 5.3 people per household. A large portion (41.1% of the total population) were children. Some 156 infants and toddlers (11.8% of the total population) would have been below school age. Another 388 children (29.3% of the total population) were attending school, which ran through the seventh or eighth grade (thirteen or fourteen years of age).
Of those past school age, 435 adults and teenagers (32.9% of the total population) were employed in some capacity or another. Likely, many of the remaining 343 people (25.9% of the total population) were engaged in what would later be called "keeping house" (250 houses suggests at least 250 housekeepers) or were engaged in some activity or occupation not tabulated, such as innkeepers, or were simply retired or semi-retired (53 people (4.0% of the total population) were aged seventy years or above)).
The vast majority of the 435 Milton persons that were tabulated as engaged in economic activities were working in Agriculture (84.6% of those engaged), followed by Manufacture & Trades (12.2%), followed by Commerce (1.6%) and the Learned Professions (1.4%), and lastly by a single person engaged in Navigation of the Ocean (0.2%).
Some 53 persons (12.2% of those engaged) were engaged in Manufacture & the Trades. This category would have included shoemakers, millers, millwrights, blacksmiths, etc. They resided in the households headed by Joseph C. Wentworth (2 persons), William Wentworth (1 person), Parker Knowles (1 person); Stephen Main (2 persons), Ebenezer Wentworth (1 person); Nathaniel Durrell (1 person), Dearborn Wedgewood (1 person), Alexander Goodwin (1 person), Francis Looney (2 persons), James Worcester (1 person), George Worster (1 person), John H. Varney (3 persons); Elizabeth [(Spencer)] Gerrish (1 person), Hazen Duntley (1 person), John McMillen (1 person), James Pinkham (1 person), John Scates (1 person), Daniel Quimby (1 person), John Drew (2 persons); Thomas Edgerly (2 persons); Benjamin Furnald (1 person); Alpheus Goodwin (3 persons), Ebenezer Osgood (1 person), Stephen Stores (5 persons), Charles Swasey (5 persons), Gilman Jewett (three persons), Samuel Hart (1 person), Thomas Butter (1 person), John Marsh (1 person); Samuel W. Applebee (two persons), Mary Pager (1 person), and Joseph Rines (two persons).
Some 7 persons (1.6% of those engaged) were engaged in Commerce. This category would have included shopkeepers, merchants, traders, etc. They resided in the households headed by Robert Mathes (2 persons), James M. Twombly (2 persons), Bray Sims (1 person), Asa Fox (1 person), and James Berry (1 person).
Some 6 persons (1.4% of those engaged) were engaged in the Learned Professions. This category would have included ministers, lawyers, physicians, etc. They resided in the households headed by Joseph Pearle (1 person (Dr. Rufus K. Pearl)), Wesley Burnham (1 person), Benjamin G. Willey (1 person), Stephen Drew (1 person), John L. Swinerton (1 person), and Theodore Stevens (1 person).
Only 1 person (0.2% of those engaged) was engaged in Navigation of the Ocean. He resided in the household headed by James Quimby. (One wonders if he had with him Odysseus' "winnowing oar").
No one in Milton was engaged in Mining or Navigation of Canals, Lakes, and Rivers. (The Salmon Falls River was not navigable).
Extra: Revolutionary Pensioners and Number of Schools (and Students)
Some continuation pages gave the names and ages of "Pensioners for Revolutionary or Military Services." Sarah [(Twombly)] Nute, aged seventy-seven years, resided in the household of David Nute; Amos Bragdon, aged seventy-eight years, resided in his own household; Elizabeth [(Hayes)] Roberts, aged eighty years, resided in the household of James C. Roberts; Jonathan Dore, aged eighty-three years, resided in the household of Jonathan Dore; David Corson, aged seventy-nine years, resided in the household of David M. Corson; Thomas Applebee, aged eighty-four years, resided in his own household; and Benniah Dore, aged seventy-five years, resided in his own household.
Some continuation pages enumerated the numbers of schools and the number of scholars attending them. It is difficult to determine what, if any, relationship there might be between a householder's line and the school information that appeared on that same line of an associated continuation page. (This data always appeared at the top of the continuation page, two of three together if there were more than one).
Edward Tibbetts appeared with 1 primary or common school, with 20 scholars, on his line of a continuation page. James Y. Pinkham appeared with 1 school, with 35 scholars, and Sarah Pinkham appeared with 1 school, with 25 scholars, on their lines. David Nute appeared with 1 school, with 24 scholars, and Ezekiel Nute appeared with 1 school, with 80 scholars, on their lines. William Ricker appeared with 1 school, with 27 scholars, Joshua H. Ricker appeared with 1 school, with 70 scholars, and John Foss appeared with 1 school, with 50 scholars, on their lines. Jonathan Dore appeared with 1 school, with 27 scholars, and Samuel Clement appeared with 1 school, with 30 scholars, on their lines.
Summed up, this would amount to a total of ten primary or common schools, with a total of 388 scholars. (There was a mean (average) of 38.8 students per school, due to a few larger outliers, and a median of only 28.5 students per school).
Wikipedia. (2022, May 26). Winnowing Oar. Retrieved from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnowing_Oar
Author: Muriel Bristol
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We all know that weight training is a good supplement to running. But, especially in the upcoming summer heat, it's hard to motivate to go inside to a gym to lift weights and do core work. Most of us would rather wither away.
One of the great things about trail running is being out in the woods and having trees, rocks and logs surrounding you. They're nice to look at and they smell good (well, maybe not the rocks).
But these natural terrain features can be more than pleasant surroundings.
Some of the more creative personal trainer types, and some nature-loving, out-of-the-box, out-of-the-gym individuals use said features to gain strength, balance and overall buffness.
Personal trainer Tina Vindum and her business, Outdoor Fitness in Mill Valley, California, has been using tree branches to do pull-ups, logs for push-ups, and pointy rocks for balancing exercises for years. She's built a mini-empire around the idea of utilizing your natural environment to build a better body, all based around having fun in the outdoors.
Other fitness folk also use things like park benches for tricep dips, and playground or park equipment for a sort of circuit training outdoors. Not quite the trail, but you're still outside and using the environment around you in a creative, bettering-yourself way.
And then there's the parkour guys and gals (video: do not try this at home). Though the goal for these people is more about efficiently moving—seemingly combining running, dancing and skateboarding maneuvers—across terrain features, mostly in an urban setting, they utilize things like staircases and sides of buildings as sort of launching pads from which to do tricks.
I'm not saying you need to do a back flip off a tree stump on your next trail run. But, consider making some creative use of some of that natural world around you to gain some total body fitness. Do a pull-up on a (sturdy) tree branch. Balance on one foot on a pointy rock for a minute (it's harder than you think). Use a large downed log for some tricep dip while your running partner is tying his shoe. You just might fall in love with your new outdoor gym.


were perhaps the most productive in Kierkegaard's entire life.
we want to explore the series of famous works that he penned during this period.
Prefaces, Stages on Life's Way, and the Concluding Scientific Postscript.
authored by different pseudonyms each with his own agenda and intentions.
Kierkegaard's plan with these works and their complex relations to one another.
now reappeared in different contexts in these later works.
as he was in Kierkegaard's masters thesis.
He nonetheless haunts these later works in ways that are often not so easy to see.
as a source of inspiration.
the revelation, faith Sin and forgiveness.
philosopher can help to understand these Christian concepts.
Here we catch a glimpse of the radicality of Kierkegaard thought.
He believes that Socrates has some important insights for Christians today.
true, Socrates was no Christian, that I know.
continue quote I also definitely remain convinced that he Socrates has become one.
nonetheless Kierkegaard believes that Socrates became a Christian.
What could he possibly have meant by this?
Philosophical Fragments, or a fragment of philosophy, on June 13, 1844.
although his own name appears on the title page as the editor of the work.
is often taken as a protest against systematic philosophy.
Socrates plays an important role especially at the beginning of this work.
Kierkegaard, as a pseudonymous author, explored Socrates's role as a teacher.
his denial that he ever taught anything.
on positive content, "Socrates lacked the positive.".
or in Kierkegaard language, something positive?
Here, Climacus makes reference to Socrates's art of mayudics or midwifery.
rather helps the student to find them within himself.
the student to arrive at the truth, but Socrates doesn't teach him the truth.
to cast the analysis explicitly in terms of Christianity.
For this reason, he talks merely about the god without any further designation.
The idea is that this could apply to any religion in principle.
Christ as savior who's also the occasion for his followers to learn the truth.
model and the Christian model but the comparison in itself is interesting.
in helping us to understand the Christian truth.
from Plato's dialogue, The Phaedrus.
primarily concerned with discovering what he himself was as a human being.
is uncertain whether he might not be a monster like Typhon.
Kierkegaard has Yohanas Clinicas refer to this as a paradox.
quote, to want to discover something that thought itself cannot think.
what he is ultimately as a human being, which he can never quite grasp.
is constantly frustrated when it encounters what is unknown.
we could know it by recognizing certain aspects of it that we're familiar with it.
The human mind can't grasp what's absolutely different.
Johannes Climacus suggests we call the unknown the god.
although again, this is not stated explicitly.
God is unknown but wants to make himself known by means of the revelation.
According to Johannes Klimikas, this too involves a paradox.
This seems to be a straightforward contradiction.
Climacus calls it a paradox, indeed, the absolute paradox.
This contradiction is not something that the human mind could grasp or think.
It just stands as a contradiction that we must accept.
that was found in the work and figures such as Martensen.
Who were influenced by Hegel.
contradictions and everything can be mediated.
between human and divine or between finite and infinite, temporal and eternal.
Each of these terms is necessarily related to the other and thus mediated by it.
since they must be regarded as belonging together organically.
a philosophical explanation of the incarnation and revelation of Christ.
This is something that can be understood by using Hague's speculative logic.
And there's no contradiction in thinking that God as an infinite became finite.
of an absolutely fixed irreducible dichotomy.
An either or that cannot be mediated.
who accepts that there are some things that must be regarded as paradoxes.
Were the watchmen of Copenhagen.
This appeared only four days after philosophical fragments.
And on the same day, is another book entitled, Prefaces.
along with the concept of irony.
the freedom of the individual and hereditary sin.
It's in this context that his influential analysis of anxiety appears.
that the pagan philosopher Socrates would play a role.
Socrates as a model and as a source of inspiration.
that follows the title page.
He's compared positively to modern philosophy.
The motto begins, quote, The age of making distinctions is past.
It has been vanquished by the system.
brings together opposites or as implied here eliminates distinctions.
by showing the necessary relation of the one side of the opposition to the other.
according to Hegel, a sign of dogmatism.
contradictions in focus, and not to mediate them.
the other and no mediation is possible.
Socrates is invoked as someone who, like Kierkegaard, insisted on distinctions.
now that people are used to Hegel's philosophy.
who is also a great admire of Socrates.
what he understood and what he did not understand.".
insist on unshakeable distinctions in order to resist mediation.
Poul Martin Moller, who had died in 1838.
when Moller is referred to as, quote, the confidant of Socrates.
This seems to confirm the idea that we discussed earlier.
may well have served as the inspiration for his book the concept of irony.
when he presents the topic of the work, namely the concept of sin.
the single individual speaks as the single individual to the single individual.
sin belonged to the scholarly field of theology, and specifically, dogmatics.
that his approach and understanding of sin will be something very different, indeed.
Something at odds with the scholarly account.
Also somewhat odd is his description of a sermon.
a pasture explains a certain biblical passage to the congregation.
But also here, Kierkegaard wants to signal a different understanding.
this is not the true nature of this sermon.
Then comes the truly surprising passage.
the art to being able to converse.".
never heard a sermon in his entire life.
conversing with the Christian sermon.
The key term in both cases is what Kierkegaard refers to as appropriation.
the individuals led to find the truth within himself.
appropriation in ones own special context.
to find the truth of Christianity in themselves, each in their own way.
Every follower of Christ must appropriate the Christian message for him or herself.
Christianity is something inward that must be appropriated by people as individuals.
he can nonetheless give us insight into Christianity.
author contrast Socrates with modern philosophy and especially Hegel.
what Kierkegaard refers to as enclosed reserve.
closing oneself off from the world or from other people.
off, into oneself, it can be said that one negates the outside world.
We've seen how important negation is, in Kierkegaard's understanding of irony.
Hegel's treatment of Socrates, which we studied earlier in this course.
Kierkegaard writes "Thus irony has been explained as the negative.".
strangely enough he did not know much about irony.
full appreciation of the importance of irony.
by closing himself in within himself in order to be expanded in the divine.
This is something that no one is concerned with.
There's something infinitely important and valuable in each and every individual.
one must occasionally get away from the crowd, from other people.
This distancing oneself from others involves negation and irony.
One must instead focus on one's own inwardness and religiosity.
Kierkegaard takes Socrates to be the first one to have realized this.
the practise of a pagan philosopher which Kierkegaard uses as a model.
the idea of negation and irony from Socrates.


another record i've really been looking forward to this year has it's release just weeks away. on the 30th new york-based Asobi Seksu will release their sophmore effort Citrius. i've heard about half the album and the comparision i'm surprised to make is that it reminds me alot of Lush. as much as i loved their self-titled debut from two years ago, i think this album may actually be better. bilingual lead singer Yuki Chikudate embraced the dream pop vocals well-enough back then on a handful of tracks, but the album was a lot more playful pop rock whereas Citrus has a fantastic wall of dissonance that helps shifts her vocals from cute and sweet to delicate, but soaring.
asobi seksu recently played Toronto and it was one of the best performance I've ever seen.
It was like being hit with a wall of sound, but after it hit you it enveloped you. It was simultaneously the greatest and weirdest thing I'd experience at a small show in eons.
i really wish i had seen them live before i left new york. at the time someone in my office was raving about them, but i didn't really trust his taste.
judging from my reading chromewaves, toronto seems to get lots of great small shows.


Federal workmen load barrels of toxic waste to be disposed. Photo by Joel Richardson, courtesy of The Washington Post.
The dioxin contamination of the soil at Times Beach, Missouri required protective gear for EPA officials to take samples. The town ultimately was abandoned by its citizens. Photo: EPA Journal.
Photo Courtesy of EPA JOURNAL/Steve Wurtz.
Citizen outrage over toxic dumps under Love Canal grew as the risks were publicized. Photo by Gerald Martineau, courtesy of The Washington Post.
Hazardous wastes sit in abandoned barrels in a Washington, D.C. lot. Photo by Bill Snead, Courtesy of The Washington Post.
NEW BRUNSWICK, N.J.–New Jersey had a problem. A cancer-causing, radioactive substance was widespread in homes throughout the state, threatening the health of thousands of residents. While state officials initially worried that publicity could cause public panic, just the opposite has happened.
Two years later, they are confronting a surprisingly different problem -apathy. Many New Jersey residents have ignored a major health risk that is literally in their own backyards: radon gas that occurs naturally in uranium-containing rocks and soils and seeps into basements.
Public hysteria did erupt, however, when state officials tried to dispose of dirt containing radon-emitting industrial waste from an old luminescent paint factory. A government plan to mix the contaminated soil with regular dirt and dump it in an abandoned quarry near rural Vernon, N.J. drew threats of civil disobedience. Angry citizens successfully blocked the action.
Why did the public ignore government warnings about the dangers of high levels of natural radon, while panicking about what state experts saw as the insignificant threat of soil laced with low-level radioactive waste?
Understanding why experts and the public fail so frequently to agree on the nature of health risks is of growing concern to government officials, industry executives, academics, environmental activists and the news media.
Efforts to bridge the gap -studying how the public perceives risk and how best to explain it -have made risk communication a growing new field.
"The core of the problem is that the risks that kill people are often not the same as the risks that frighten and anger people," said Dr. Peter Sandman, head of the Rutgers University environmental communication research program here. "Risk for the experts means how many people will die, but risk for the public means that plus a great deal more. Is it fair or unfair? Is it voluntary or coerced? Is it familiar or high-tech and exotic?"
"Geological radon has no villain. It's God's radon. It strikes people in their homes, traditionally safe turf," said Sandman, whose group is studying differing reactions to the radon threats. "'The landfill radon problem was very different. There was a readily identified villain which the community felt was unfairly imposing a risk without even telling it, much less asking its permission."
Not surprisingly, the motives and means of the parties involved in communicating risk can generate their own debate.
The interest in risk communication is propelled, in part, by highly publicized incidents over the past two decades that have fueled public fears about the risks posed by modern technology, from pesticides in ground water to toxic waste dumps.
During this time, scientific instruments made it possible to detect ever smaller amounts of chemicals in the water or air, but scientific uncertainty made it difficult to interpret what risk these levels posed. Meanwhile, the increasing prominence of lawsuits has often framed environmental risk questions in terms of guilt and innocence and led to the pursuit of black-and-white answers.
While many risk assessment experts believe the world today is safer than ever before, they say American society is being changed by a Chicken Little-type mentality. The American public has grown more concerned about risk, less willing to assume it, and less trusting in public and private institutions. Many blame the news media.
"How extraordinary! The richest, longest lived, best protected, most resourceful civilization, with the highest degree of insight into its own technology, is on its way to becoming the most frightened," lamented political scientist Aaron Wildavsky in a 1979 article on public perception of risk.
More recently, Milton Russell, a former EPA assistant administrator, called for better efforts in risk communication, saying "real people are suffering and dying because they don't know when to worry and when to calm down. They don't know when to demand action to reduce risk and when to relax because the health risks are trivial or simply not there."
But some environmentalists are highly skeptical of the new field. Ellen Silbergeld, a scientist with the Environmental Defense Fund, considers all the talk about improving risk communication merely a "shield for inaction"' by regulators and polluters.
"One person's risk communication may be another person's propaganda. It's a tough call,"' said William W. Lowrance, director of the life science and public policy program at Rockefeller University and author of one of the first books on risk.
Ideally, says Rutgers' Sandman, risk communication includes the "effort to alert people to risks they are not taking seriously enough, the effort to reassure people over risks they are overreacting to" and the effort to open up discussions between different parties in risk controversies.
In practice, he and other academic proponents admit, there is a "bigger market for expertise in how to calm down the public. Some of that market is driven by the sense the public is inappropriately alarmed. Some is driven by the desire to get the public inappropriately reassured. Both are happening."
A National Academy of Sciences panel on risk perception and communication that is expected to report later this year.
An array of federal studies, including three dozen projects at the Environmental Protection Agency and research at the National Science Foundation. The interagency task force on cancer, heart and lung disease, a 14-agency panel chaired by EPA, has a working group on the role of government in risk communication.
An abundance of publications including several books, the Journal of Communication, and MIT and Harvard University's quarterly, Science, Technology, and Human Values.
An academic growth industry. A new center for risk communication at Columbia University includes a network of 35 public and private groups. Carnegie-Mellon University received a $1.3 million federal grant in 1987 to set up a risk perception and communication research program. Rutgers' environmental communication program began in 1986. A group at Tufts University is conducting case studies on environmental risk communication.
Scrutiny of the media's role in communicating risk. Georgetown University's Institute for Health Policy Analysis has sponsored a half dozen workshops for scientists and the media on subjects from radon to AIDS.
Interest among Washington-based environmental think-tanks. The Conservation Foundation has sponsored symposia and publications on risk communication. Resources for the Future has a new Center for Risk Management.
Attempts to prepare for a number of federal and state occupational and community right-to-know laws that require the release of unprecedented amounts of complex data. A key deadline comes July 1 when federal Superfund legislation orders that detailed information be made available on chemical emissions from plants around the country. California is attempting to implement Proposition 65, a massive new law requiring warning labels on all products containing chemicals that pose a significant risk of cancer or reproductive problems.
Global activities. Disasters like the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear power accident led the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development to sponsor a recent symposium in Paris on radiation risk communication. The Canadian government held a risk communication meeting in Ottawa last December.
Traditionally, the scientific and technical community has tended to view risk in concrete terms: how many people will die or become ill because of a given activity?
Some frustrated technical experts have taken the view that if the public and policy makers could just be made to understand risk numbers the way they do, more rational management of risk would result. They have sought to make risk more understandable to the public by comparing rare and often little understood risks of manmade activities like radiation and industrial chemicals to more common risks of everyday life.
"Comparisons can be useful. We are not born with an instinctive feeling for what a risk of one in a million per lifetime means," argued Richard Wilson and E.A.C. Crouch of the Energy and Environmental Policy Center of Harvard University.
The comparative risk approach was adopted by the nuclear industry in the mid-1970's in an effort to convince the public that nuclear power was safe.
A controversial reactor safety study published by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in 1975 estimated, for example, that an individual's chance per year of dying in a motor vehicle accident was 1 in 4,000, while that of being hit by lightning was 1 in 2 million and of being killed by a nuclear reactor accident, 1 in 5 billion.
Wilson, a physicist, has proposed several risk comparison approaches. In 1979. he compared various risks estimated to pose one chance in a million of death in any one year: smoking 1.4 cigarettes; spending 3 hours in a coal mine; one chest x-ray; living 5 years at site boundary of a typical nuclear power plant or 150 years within 20 miles; eating 100 charcoal-broiled steaks.
Last year, Wilson and Crouch published a new listing of commonplace risks in Science magazine that, roughly translated, estimated that the annual risk of death from smoking one pack a day of cigarettes was 1 in 300; of a motor vehicle accident, 1 in 4,100; of exposure to air pollution in the eastern U.S., 1 in 5,000; of drinking water with the EPA limit of a controversial cancer-causing chemical trichloroethylene, 1 in 500 million.
Some comparisons have focused on specific areas, such as food. A widely publicized 1987 risk comparison by Dr. Bruce Ames, a University of California biochemist, showed that the cancer-causing potential of chemicals naturally found in foods (such as aflatoxin in peanut butter) may be far more hazardous than industrial chemicals, such as the trace amounts in drinking water.
Risk comparisons tend to make similar points: that the common risks such as driving a car or sitting in the sun often are more dangerous than feared technologies; that natural hazards are often worse than manmade ones; and that some of the most controversial new technologies are safer than others already in place.
But critics have attacked some risk comparisons as simplistic and sometimes unscientific. They charge that comparisons often measure apples and oranges, selectively use information (the NRC study came under criticism for calculating only risk from immediate fatalities not delayed ones), fail to convey the degree of uncertainty involved and generally ignore other factors important to the public in comparing risk, such as the degree of choice involved.
The Environmental Defense Fund's Silbergeld sees risk comparisons as an attempt to "market unacceptable risk." She cites a New York judge's remarks, after settling complicated Agent Orange liability cases in 1984, that juries in Brooklyn didn't have any trouble understanding probability because they go to the race track frequently. "Usually the public is not in a state of confusion...," she said.
Dr. Vincent Covello, who recently left the National Science Foundation's risk assessment program to head the new Columbia center, said that "many of these attempts to compare a risk in question with the risk of daily life are a form of attempting to manipulate public opinion."
In contrast to the numerical approach, social scientists study how society and individuals perceive risk. "If you want to communicate with the public, you have to take the public's concerns seriously," said Baruch Fischhoff, a member of the National Academy panel who recently joined the new risk center at Carnegie-Mellon.
He is one of a small group of researchers who over the past decade have explored what factors contribute to the public's perception of risk. Earlier working with a private firm, Decision Research in Eugene, Ore., Fischhoff and colleagues Paul Slovic and Sarah Lichtenstein compared perceived risk for 30 activities and technologies among four groups.
While nuclear power was ranked riskiest by the League of Women Voters and college student participants, it ranked eighth among businessmen and number 20 by technical experts. All four groups ranked motor vehicles, handguns and smoking in their top five.
A later study on over 80 diverse hazards found that they could be grouped into dread and unknown risks. Those that were most dreaded (nuclear weapons and nuclear power scored highest) were characterized by perceived lack of control, catastrophic potential, fatal consequences, and inequitable risks and benefits. In the "unknown risk" category (chemical technologies scored highest here), hazards were generally unobservable and new, with the potential harmful effects delayed in time.
The Decision Research group found that the more dread or unknown the risk, the more the public wanted to see the risk reduced and subject to strict regulation.
Magnitude. People are more concerned about major accidents involving fatalities and injuries at one time, such as airline crashes, than the same number scattered over a longer time period, such as car accidents. They are more concerned about irreversible hazards, such as nuclear war, than reversible ones, such as smoking. Risk to future generations, such as genetic damage, increases concern.
Evidence. Concern increases if a risk is poorly understood, scientifically unknown, uncertain or delayed in its effects, such as the development of cancer following exposure to low doses of chemical. Human evidence is more persuasive than animal studies.
Personal choice. Voluntary risks are far more acceptable than imposed ones. Smoking began to move from acceptable to unacceptable in public places once there was evidence that sidestream smoke could be harmful to others. Risks under an individual's direct control are less threatening. Drivers may recognize the general risks of an accident but believe that they can avoid one.
Not in my backyard. A risk that is closer to home, threatening one's family, is more upsetting than more widespread risks shared by the world. The public questions activities that appear to offer an unfair distribution of risks and benefits; those living next to a nuclear waste site may not be the ones who originally benefited from the nuclear power, for example. When those at risk also benefit, the activity may be more acceptable.
Publicity. Media attention heightens concern, regardless of the numbers involved. News coverage often focuses on new health risks rather than old but important ones. A single major, well-publicized accident, like Chernobyl or Bhopal, has a permanent impact. Television makes the risk even more real and imbues some images, like the cooling towers at Three Mile Island, with powerful symbolism long after the accident occurs. People are more concerned if media coverage makes the victims identifiable, such as workers trapped in a mine, than about statistical, but unknown, victims. If children are specifically at risk, concern rises.
Who's in charge? People are more concerned about situations where the risk managers are seen to lack trust and credibility than those where the institutions are well regarded. Manmade hazards are less acceptable than those caused by acts of nature or God. There has not been a mass exodus from California because of the threat of earthquakes. People don't hold rallies to fight floods.
Rutgers' Sandman defines risk as "the sum of hazard and outrage. The public pays too little attention to hazard; the experts pay absolutely no attention to outrage. Not surprisingly, they rank risks differently."
National leadership on environmental risk communication is generally credited to William Ruckleshaus upon his return to Washington in 1983 for a second tour of duty as head of the EPA. The agency was in a shambles, suffering from serious problems brought on by early Reagan administration appointees.
Ruckleshaus separated EPA's mandate into three aspects of risk: defining what is hazardous (risk assessment), deciding how to deal with it (risk management) and explaining the process to the concerned public (risk communication).
Ruckleshaus' interest in risk and risk communication took hold among both political and career officials at EPA. His successor, Lee Thomas, commissioned an internal study by about 75 career EPA officials that ranked 31 environmental problems according to their cancer risk, non-cancer health risks, ecological effects and welfare effects, such as economic damage.
The study, released last year, showed major discrepancies between what the task force experts rated as major risks and the major program priorities at EPA. Instead, EPA's efforts, largely dictated by Congress, seem more closely linked to public opinion.
A recent comparison of the study with public polls done by the Roper Organization suggested that the greatest differences involved hazardous waste and chemical plant accidents. They ranked medium to low in the EPA task force's view but high in public opinion (and high as an EPA program under the Superfund legislation).
And while the experts ranked pesticides, radon and indoor air pollution, consumer product exposure, worker exposure to chemicals and global warming (ozone depletion) relatively high in risk, these areas appeared to be of medium/low public concern.
Hazardous waste provided the most dramatic example, noted Frederick Allen, associate director of EPA's Office of Policy Analysis. The task force said that in certain areas hazardous waste does pose a very serious risk, but relatively few people live near enough to be directly affected. But there has been a groundswell of national concern about hazardous waste.
"It's a real challenge to try and sort out whether we ought to do what the experts say is the most important or what people say is most important. What's the balance?" said Allen.
In addition to government interest in risk communication, industry -also troubled by credibility problems -has seen its need.
Public mistrust literally can wipe out an industry. In many ways, the demise of the nuclear industry in the United States is a case of poor risk communication by a paternalistic -some would say arrogant -industry that sought to reassure the public that nuclear power was safe by publicly stating that an accident was impossible. Then the impossible happened.
The 1978 accident at Pennsylvania's Three Mile Island turned out to be more of a public relations disaster than a health problem. Students of the TMI accident note that it was a classic case in which the industry handled everything wrong–the government, the media and the public.
The chemical industry now is dealing with many of the problems faced earlier by the nuclear industry. A major challenge will come when new Superfund reporting requirements under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 go into effect.
"During the next two years, a tidal wave of new information on hazardous chemicals will wash over thousands of communities across the United States," warned Charles L. Elkins, director of EPA's Office of Toxic Substances, in a recent EPA Journal. "The 'wave' will consist of reports to the public on the amount of hazardous chemicals stored in and released to the air, water and soil of those communities." The first annual emissions reports from more than one million facilities must be submitted to EPA by July 1, 1988.
"How prepared are America's communities to receive, understand, and act on this unprecedented deluge of information about hazardous chemicals?" asked Elkins. The answer, unfortunately, seems to be: Not very."
A key question is how the chemical industry will handle it.
With the experiences of the nuclear industry in mind, many industry leaders "understand the consequences if they do not take it seriously," said Covello.
There are worries that some companies will dump an abundance of information in the hope the public will throw up its hands, trying to meet their legal obligation in the least helpful way possible.
But the Chemical Manufacturers Association, a trade group, is conducting seminars for plant managers in preparation for Superfund. Included is a new manual by outside risk experts that cautions "risk communication, when properly done, is always better than stonewalling."
The real testing ground for risk communication is at the local level. EPA has attempted a variety of risk communication experiments, starting under Ruckleshaus with an arsenic-emitting copper smelter in Tacoma, Washington in 1983 and more recently in California's silicon valley, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Denver.
The agency is funding risk communication research to alert the public about the serious health risks associated with indoor radon, an environmental problem for which EPA has no legal authority so solutions are largely dependent on individual action rather than regulatory efforts.
In New Jersey, a state still suffering from its reputation as a chemical cancer alley, government officials are struggling to put environmental risk -both natural and manmade -in perspective. They have set up a risk communication unit and asked for outside advice.
Rutger's Billie Jo Hance, Caron Chess and Sandman have just completed for the N.J. Department of Environmental Protection an 80-page manual for government called "Improving Dialogue with Communities."
The Rutgers' advice: "Pay as much attention to outrage factors, and to the community's concerns, as to scientific variables. At the same time, don't underestimate the public's ability to understand the science."
In the case of radon, environmental officials across the nation face the challenge of alerting the public to a risk that they must do something about. EPA's Ann Fisher said that a variety of federal and state radon risk communication projects had already been undertaken in New York, Maryland, Maine, Florida, Pennsylvania, Colorado and New Jersey.
Radon is a big environmental health threat. Federal government estimates suggest that 5 to 20,000 lung cancer deaths may result each year in the United States from long-term exposure to geological radon. In northern N.J. alone, perhaps one in three homes has elevated radon levels sufficient to warrant remedial action under EPA guidelines.
Yet, it requires personal initiative to get one's home tested to see if there is indeed a problem. And then, it requires further action -and money -to seek professional help in lowering the radon levels in the affected home.
Two 1986 surveys by Rutgers psychologist Neil Weinstein and Sandman for the state found, said Sandman, "that the majority of the people, including those in high-risk areas, were aware of radon, knew what the risk was and were not inclined to do anything about it. We did not find ignorance. We found apathy."
The surveys found unwarranted optimism among individuals that downplayed their own risk from radon. And even among those who did have their homes tested, there was not a strong relationship between how much radon they found and how likely the homeowners were to take remedial action.
"We're looking for ways to explain radon levels more effectively so that those with high levels decide to take action and those with low numbers relax," said Sandman.
A recent case study by Rutgers' Chess and Hance for the EPA compared different reactions to natural and manmade radon in three communities: Boyertown, Pa., which in December, 1984 became the first highly publicized geological radon hot spot in the country; Clinton, N.J., the first major geological radon hot spot in N.J. in 1986; and Vernon, N.J., where residents fought the state in 1986 against dumping low levels of radon from industrial waste.
"The real irony in Vernon is that residents protesting the disposal of manmade radon were potentially at higher risk from naturally occurring radon in their homes. It's extremely likely the majority of protesters had not taken action to test for natural radon. So the obvious question is why?" asked Chess.
Her study suggests, once again, that the public viewed manmade risks differently than natural ones and that the state officials handled the situations very differently. They worked closely, and successfully, with Clinton town officials and citizens in dealing with natural radon, where they agreed there was a potentially serious health risk.
But the white hats they wore in Clinton became black hats in Vernon. Because the state viewed the risk of the radon-contaminated landfill as negligible, it did not take the community concerns seriously or involve them in the decision, said Chess. Predictably, "the result was a government nightmare, precipitating a public meeting of about 3,000 people, a rally of 10,000, a demonstration at the governor's mansion and civil disobedience training," she said.
New Jersey "is ahead of the federal government and any other state government in taking risk communication seriously," Sandman said. But, he cautioned, "I also think it's dragging its heels." To listen to the public is "a very difficult transition for a government agency to make."


South Beach Harbor was built in 1986 by the San Francisco Redevelopment Agency on property leased from the Port of San Francisco and with funding provided by the State Department of Boating and Waterways. Located between Pier 40 and Oracle Park, ½ mile south of the Bay Bridge on the Embarcadero, South Beach Harbor enjoys beautiful weather, access to great sailing and spectacular views of the City skyline. Public transportation, a multitude of dining options, and all the other attractions of San Francisco are easily accessed from South Beach Harbor's location in the vibrant South of Market area.
South Beach Harbor is a full service marina, consisting of 700 slips with concrete docks, a 640′ recreational and commercial Guest Dock, Pier 40 Maritime Center and South Beach Park.


text:
Faculty Members to Explore Hip-Hop, Theology and More on New Sabbaticals
Winthrop in the News
Graduates' List
The Johnsonian
Winthrop Poll
Winthrop NSSE Results
200 Tillman Hall
Their research will explore hip-hop's connection to social justice, study the theological implications of dementia and much more.
Eight Winthrop University faculty members will embark on semester-long sabbaticals and two on year-long sabbaticals.
Adolphus Belk Jr.
Melissa Carsten
Stacey Davidson
Andy Doyle
Kunsiri Grubbs
Kristin Kiblinger
Jonathan Marx
Darren Ritzer
ROCK HILL, SOUTH CAROLINA — Eight Winthrop University faculty members will embark on semester-long sabbaticals and two on year-long sabbaticals.
Here's an in-depth look at those exciting projects:
*Adolphus Belk Jr., professor of political science
Belk has two publications in the works for his spring 2019 sabbatical: an edited volume, tentatively entitled "For the Culture: Hip-Hop and the Fight for Social Justice," with Lakeyta Bonnette-Bailey ˜04 of Georgia State University; and a book-length manuscript on President Donald Trump, white nationalism and African-American interests. He'll also serve on a special task force for the 50th anniversary meeting of the National Conference of Black Political Scientists, where he'll help highlight the major contributions of the organization, its members and black political scientists, in general, to the discipline of political science, while also being critically engaged with the politics of the black community over the last five decades.
*Melissa Carsten, associate professor of management
Carsten will travel across the ocean to Australia this fall for her sabbatical, where she'll work as a visiting scholar at the University of Sydney. She'll collaborate on research with faculty and work with doctoral students, all on leadership, leader-follower relationships and followership behavior.
*Stacey Davidson, assistant professor of fine arts
Davidson will paint the descendants of Historic Brattonsville, located in McConnells, South Carolina. Her sabbatical will cover the spring and fall 2019 semesters.
*Andy Doyle, associate professor of history
Doyle frequently combines history and sports in his research. For his year-long sabbatical beginning this fall, he plans to finish his book on early Southern college football, which will involve visits to Charlottesville, Virginia, to study the papers of the late University of Virginia President Edwin Alderman and the archives at UNC-Chapel Hill, and other southern universities. He also plans to develop a new course on the history of alcohol and drug use and policy in the U.S.
*Kunsiri Grubbs, associate professor of biology
You may still see Grubbs on campus in spring 2019. She'll be focusing her research on the genus Eupatorium systematics and the impact of disturbance on the endangered Schweinitz's sunflower's growth.
*Kristin Kiblinger, professor of religious studies
Kiblinger will remain in Rock Hill studying the theological implications of dementia, found in diseases such as Alzheimer's, and developing some Buddhist-Christian comparative theology in light of that research during her spring 2019 sabbatical.
*Johnathan Marx, professor of sociology
Marx will spend the fall working with a diversity team at a national bank in the Chicago area to pursue a new line of research relating to the development and retaining of early-career professional women. His ultimate goal is to "develop a series of evidence-based recommendations in structuring meetings, social events and administrative communication to allow female professionals to project powerful and competent images." He hypothesizes that this would lead to women being evaluated more highly by customers and help retention.
*Darren Ritzer, associate professor of psychology
*Ritzer will be in the books, literally and figuratively, for his spring 2019 sabbatical. He'll be working on several publications that are in various stages of completion.
Other sabbatical awardees include Barbara Burgess-Wilkerson, associate professor of management, for the fall semester, and Laura Dufresne, professor of fine arts, for the spring 2019 semester.
For more information, contact Nicole Chisari, communications coordinator, at 803/323-2236 or chisarin@winthrop.edu.
[Back to Previous Page]


The story says no "discretionary spending" for a month. I don't know if going to doctor's appointments is discretionary. Food isn't discretionary either, but certain kinds would be. Stocking up the month before seems to defeat the purpose, too. The money is still being spent.
I think we could do it if hubby lost his job or for some other reason we pretty much had to. I don't think I'd do it just to do it.
I have been doing it for a couple of months now. Saving for a down payment for a new home. The whole family agreed. It's not that bad actually but I didn't go out and super stock the home we simply made sure we didn't eat out and bought most of our groceries off the first page lead ads of the paper from all the different stores. The hardest thing to find cheap was veggies but we eat a lot of ramen noodles and hard boil eggs with some veggies thrown in, plus a large amount of bean and cheese burritos. Not to bad, on groceries alone we've saved 1/2 of what we usually spend when we eat what ever we want. We spend free time biking, playing video games that we already have and tennis. We got some cheap rackets and go once a day at some point. It feels like we are actually doing a lot more than when we went out and spent money. It's amazing how you can change habits you didn't even know you had. Something everyone regardless could have fun trying once, even if you have plenty of money.
No, and I wouldn't want to either. We are 100% debt free and work very hard so that we have money to do special things with our son each weekend; whether it be drive out to the beach for a picnic, take him bowling or to a movie, a dinner, etc. If our bills weren't paid off maybe, but life is too short and you can't take the money with you when you die.
I think with the stocking up, the lesson in that is supposed to be that one trip for everything for a month saves a lot of money versus going every few days or once a week. I believe I heard a statistic that said the average family goes to the grocery store 3 times a week.
My husband has been unemployed for over a year (goes back to work next week!) and believe me when I tell you, I have learned so much about waste. We have still had enough money to do special things, just not every week. We would like to buy a house and have another car paid off and we need to save to do that. So when my husband goes back to work we intend to try and mostly maintain our frugal layoff budget. Its hard but it really has helped me gain perspective.
I can go for a couple months with the same cash in my wallet. The only spending we do is for non perishables until the pantry runs low. Non perishables being bread, milk, eggs. Not big shoppers, never have been and we are on a budget to be completely out of debt by the end of this year, just paid the second and last credit card off today. Student loan is next and forward from there.
That is a great plan. It's easy to get used to conveniences and little luxuries (or big ones!), but you are already living with a tightened belt. You will be amazed at how quickly you can save up money now that you already know what needs to be done.
I think I could but it might be hard. My (20 month) daughter is at that age/stage where it seems like there is something to buy every week. Last week , she complained that her shoes were "biting" her so off to Stride Rite for new shoes.
DH and have substantial savings, no debt, and make very good incomes so we intend on enjoying it. Yes, we go out to dinner very often, see sporting events, take vacations, or just go out for drinks. We indulge in wine, clothes, shoes.
Granted, we're DINKS (dual income, no kids). We plan on trying next year, so right now is our time to really enjoy somewhat 'responsibility free' life, particularly since we are fortunate to be in a strong financial position.
The story says no "discretionary spending" for a month. I don't know if going to doctor's appointments is discretionary. Food isn't discretionary either, but certain kinds would be.
There's a huge difference between asking if you can go a month without spending "any" money versus no discretionary spending. I would guess it's much, much harder to avoid discretionary spending if you have kids since a treat of an ice cream or putting them on a ride (even if it only costs a quarter) is discretionary spending. Would be interesting to see people try as it would be a real eye opener how much money actually goes out every month on non-essentials.


text:
It was 10am on a Saturday morning and all the Dots had gathered at Legato's house for a band rehearsal. Forte was unpacking her drumsticks, Harmony was helping Pianissimo tune up her flute to the piano and Staccato and Legato had started to play some warm up scales together on their trumpet and violin.
Legato held up his hands to get everyone to stop playing and peered over his glasses.
"Ok everyone, thank you for coming today. I'm very excited to write some new songs and show you some new cool things I've learnt to play on my violin. But before we start… my Mum and Dad have told me that we need to decide who is going to be in charge of Health and Safety for our rehearsals"
Pianissmo's hand shot into the air
"What is Health and Safety?' she asked quizzically
"A very good question my friend PP" Legato replied "It came about in my household as I left my violin case on the stairs yesterday and my Dad didn't see it, fell down the last step and hurt his bottom."
The Dots all stifled a giggle.
"Luckily his bottom helped him bounce so he is OK, but he said it is very important that we follow all the health and safety rules to keep ourselves and our houses safe, safe, safe".
Staccato shot his hand into the air "We had a health and safety incident at my house too! My dog Timbre got too close to the oven and burnt her nose. She was very sad, I wish I had told her that the oven is dangerous"
"Oh poor Timbre" said Harmony sympathetically "How about we start the Health and Safety Police? We can let Dots (and animals) know how to stay safe"
"Yes", "Fantastic idea" "Perfect" the Dots chimed in all at once.
"Like the wire to my microphone should be taped to the floor so that no-one trips over it" she quipped spotting a dangly wire
"And nobody should touch the electric sockets as they are very, very dangerous. Only adults can touch those" said Pianissimo.
"And we can all look out for ourselves and each other to stay safe!" Legato said excitedly. "i think we need somebody to be the Head of our Health and Safety Police… someone who can get peoples' attention and say STOP in a big loud voice…"
They all whipped their heads and looked across to the drum kit and pointed at Forte.
"Cool" said Forte "Who could do that?"
"You Forte!" said Harmony "You have the loudest voice I know and are brilliant at talking to people. If we think we see something that could be dangerous, all you have to do is say 'Health and Safety' in a big loud voice and we'll make sure it is safe."
"Wow" Forte replied, taken aback "What an honour to be the head of the Health and Safety Police. I'm so excited!"
She popped her head around the door and shouted 'HEALTH AND SAFETY!' just as Legato's Dad was coming down the stairs. The Dots rushed to the door.
"Dad watch out there's a ball on the stairs!" Legato followed up with.
Legato's Dad froze on the spot, just before stepping on the ball. "Thank you so much Dots. I didn't see that at all. You kept me safe! Well done Forte for thinking on your feet and using your voice. I hope your rehearsal goes well."
"Thanks Dad. We've actually written a new song inspired by you. Let's play it"
HEALTH AND SAFETY SONG


The main entrance to the Hida Center, located in the center of the facilities, covers an area of 881 m2.
The Hida Center was, from the beginning, designed to function as the information center for the Hida region.
□Hida panorama picture Visitors are impressed with "How beautiful Hida is" with a huge panorama picture 2.3 m high and 16 m long.
□Mini theater The small theater, equipped with audio and video equipment, has seating for 100 people. The theater usually shows the movie Atlas Hida, which was made with the cooperation of the people of the Hida region.
□Other facilities Information terminals, general information counters, coin lockers, checkroom, vending machines, etc.


Often favoured through the winter months, chunky knitting patterns are always great fun to work with. No matter what time of year it is, there are always some wonderful creations available from the top brands such as Hayfield, King Cole and Sirdar. Ideal for making hats, gloves and scarves, some fantastic designs can also be found for dresses, gilets and even waistcoats.
There are chunky knitting patterns available to suit all tastes and trends, whether interested in up-to-date fashions or classic styles. Carefully and sensibly presented, the best patterns allow knitters of all skills and experience to really produce an item of clothing or a simple blanket that looks and wears great.
This is certainly the case with Hayfield patterns, for example, which is a name synonymous with quality and popularity. King Cole patterns too are excellent, with a great choice and, offering at least two designs per pack, wonderful value.
When unsure of what pattern to choose, many experienced and novice knitters are inclined to go with Sirdar, of course. This makes complete sense, with its 130 plus years of experience really showing through - perfectly demonstrated in its Escape Chunky range. A vibrant, soft and wool-rich blend, it is great to work with and should make up part of any knitter's equipment.
No matter whether knitting clothes for boys or girls, or a special someone, there will always be a perfect cable knit pattern to find. Better still, there are also some excellent patterns out there for toys and dressing the home, offering great variety. At Black Sheep Wools, we are delighted to bring an extensive range of chunky knitting patterns to you. Wonderfully priced from just £2, and rarely going above the £2.50 mark, the only trouble you will have is choosing from the 200 plus designs we always have. Let's get knitting!


text:
Q: A PHP MySQL Error which I just cannot work out I'm playing with PHP/MySQL and trying to teach myself online, but can't figure this out for the life of me.
I have been following a PHP tutorial at http://www.keithjbrown.co.uk/vworks/php/php_p5.php
This page is at tasmanianracing.com/horses.php
I'm getting the following mysql error:

You have an error in your SQL syntax;
  check the manual that corresponds to
  your MySQL server version for the
  right syntax to use near 'WHERE
  (horses.horseID = )' at line 1

which is being thrown up from my function update_horse()
My code is below - if someone could help me out I'd be forever grateful!

<title>Horses | Horse Database</title>

<?php

if (!$_REQUEST['Submit']) {
 html_form();
} elseif ($_REQUEST['Submit'] == "View Horse") {
 select_horse();
} elseif ($_REQUEST['Submit'] == "Edit") {
 get_data();
} elseif ($_REQUEST['Submit'] == "Update") {
 update_horse();
}

function my_conn() {

/* sets the variables for MySQL connection */

$server = "***"; // this is the server address and port
$username = "***"; // this is the mysql username
$password = "***"; // this is the mysql password

/* connects to the MySQL server */

$link = @mysql_connect ($server, $username, $password)
or die (mysql_error());

/* defines the active database for the connection */

if (!@mysql_select_db("tashorse_tasform", $link)) {

 echo "
There has been an error.  This is the error message:
";
 echo "
" . mysql_error() . "
";
 echo "Please contact your systems administrator with the details";

}

return $link;

}

function html_form() {

?>

Please enter the search term for the horse

<form name="horsesearch" method="post" action="<? echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']; ?>">
Name of horse: <input type="text" name="horse_name">
<input type="submit" name="Submit" value="View Horse" />
</form>

<?

}

function select_horse() {
?>

Horse Search

<?

$conn = my_conn();

/* Sets the SQL Query */

$sql = "SELECT * FROM horses";
$sql .= " WHERE (horses.horse_name = '{$_POST['horse_name']}')";

/* Passes a Query to the Active Database */

$result = mysql_query($sql, $conn);
if (!$result) {
 echo("
Error performing query: " . mysql_error() . "
");
 exit();
}

/* starts the table and creates headings */

?>

Horse Name
Year Foaled
Trainer
Owners
Silks

<?
/* retrieves the rows from the query result set and puts them into
a HTML table row */

while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC)) {
 echo("
" . $row["horse_name"] . "	");
 echo("" . $row["year_foaled"] . "	");
 echo("" . $row["trainer"] . "	");
 echo("" . $row["owners"] . "	");
 echo("" . $row["silks"] . "	");
 echo("Edit
");
}

/* closes the table */
?>

<?

/* closes connection to the MySQL server */

mysql_close ($conn);

/* Displays HTML Form */
html_form();

}

function get_data() {

/* Calls our connection function */

$conn = my_conn();

/* Defines query */

$sql = "SELECT * FROM horses WHERE (horses.horseID = " . $_REQUEST['horseID'] . ")";

/* Passes query to database */

$result = mysql_query($sql, $conn);
if (!$result) {
 echo("
Error performing query: " . mysql_error() . "
");
 exit();
}

/* creates our row array with an if statement to report errors */

if ($row = @mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC)) {

/* prints out the horse name */

print "
$row[horse_name]
";

/* prints out our HTML form '\"' */

print "<form name=\"horseupdate\" method=\"post\" action=\"$_SERVER[PHP_SELF]\">";

/* prints out our HTML table and fields 'escaping' any double quotes '\"' */

print "

Horse Name
<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"horse_name\" value=\"$row[horse_name]\">

<input type=\"submit\" name=\"Submit\" value=\"Update\">

Year Foaled
<input type=\"text\" size =\"4\" name=\"year_foaled\" value=\"$row[year_foaled]\">

Trainer
<input type=\"text\" size =\"40\" name=\"trainer\" value=\"$row[trainer]\">

Owners
<input type=\"text\" size =\"40\" name=\"owners\" value=\"$row[owners]\">

Silks
<input type=\"text\" size =\"40\" name=\"silks\" value=\"$row[silks]\">

</form>";

} else {
 echo("There has been an error" . mysql_error());
}

/* closes connection */

mysql_close ($conn);

}

function update_horse() {

/* Calls our connection function */

$conn = my_conn();

/* Defines query */

$sql_update = "UPDATE horses SET ";
$sql_update .= "horses.year_foaled = '" . $_REQUEST['year_foaled'] . "', ";
$sql_update .= "horses.trainer = '" . $_REQUEST['trainer'] . "', ";
$sql_update .= "horses.owners = '" . $_REQUEST['owners'] . "', ";
$sql_update .= "horses.silks = '" . $_REQUEST['silks'] . "', ";
$sql_update .= "WHERE (horses.horseID = " . $_REQUEST['horseID'] . ")";

/* Passes query to database */

$result = mysql_query($sql_update, $conn);
if (!$result) {
 echo("
Error performing query: " . mysql_error() . "
");
 exit();
}

/* Prints success message */

print "
 Successfully Updated
";

/* closes connection */

mysql_close ($conn);

/* Calls get_data() function */

getdata();

}

?>

A: Your update form doesn't have an  element with name = "horseID", which your update function is trying to use to specify which horse to update. You've got a hidden name field there though!

A: It looks like the horseID variable hasn't been set in the form that is posting to the update script, you could see this easily if you outputted your SQL query. You really need to look also at sanitising your variables before using them in a query using mysql_real_escape_string and using $_GET or $_POST over $_REQUEST. If this is based on a tutorial - you really should use a different one as there is so much bad practice in your code that its actually very scary

A: First thing to do when debugging this kind of trouble: find out exactly what SQL statement you are trying to execute. Put an echo $sql_update before you actually execute it and make sure it is doing what you want. Then you can start tracking down where the problem is.
The 'Bobby Tables' comment is someone trying to tell you that you also need to escape user input. Use mysql_real_escape_string to ensure that user input cannot be used to attack your website.

A: Replace
<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"horse_name\" value=\"$row[horse_name]\">
with
<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"horseID\" value=\"$row[horseID]\">
It doesn't look like you need horse name anywhere in your update.

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