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Vaccines to Prevent Chickenpox
MMRV: Combined Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella (chickenpox) combination vaccine (Spanish)
Varicella: Varicella (chickenpox) vaccine (Spanish)
Vaccine Basics
About Chickenpox
Getting vaccinated is the best way to prevent chickenpox. Currently, two doses of vaccine are recommended for children, adolescents, and adults.
While no vaccine is 100% effective in preventing disease, the chickenpox vaccine is very effective: about 8 to 9 out of every 10 people who are vaccinated are completely protected from chickenpox. In addition, the vaccine almost always prevents severe disease. If a vaccinated person does get chickenpox, it is usually a very mild case lasting only a few days and involving fewer skin blisters (usually less than 50), mild or no fever, and few other symptoms.
For Infants and Children
Getting chickenpox vaccine is much safer than getting chickenpox disease. Most people who get chickenpox vaccine do not have any problems with it. Learn more about possible side effects of chickenpox vaccines.
Children who have never had chickenpox should get 2 doses of the chickenpox vaccine at these ages:
1st Dose: 12-15 months of age
2nd Dose: 4-6 years of age (may be given earlier, if at least 3 months after the 1st dose)
People 13 years of age and older (who have never had chickenpox or received chickenpox vaccine) should get two doses at least 28 days apart.
A "combination" vaccine called MMRV, which contains both chickenpox and measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccines, may be given to people 12 years of age and younger instead of the 2 individual vaccines. Your child's doctor can help you decide which vaccine to use.
Anyone born during or after 1980 who has not had chickenpox or been vaccinated is at risk and should get 2 doses of the chickenpox vaccine. (The combination MMRV vaccine is not licensed for those over 12 years old.)
However, pregnant women should wait to get the chickenpox vaccine until after they have given birth. Women should not get pregnant for 1 month after getting the chickenpox vaccine.


10 Types of Online Marketing Channels & their Practical Applications : There are different online marketing channels that you need to use in a fashion that is nicely adept if you need to enhance your businesses' online marketing opportunities.
Search Engine Marketing (SEM): The main aim of the SEM or search engine marketing to raise visibility in search results from search engines by including ads that are paid when the user clicks (pay per click or CPC). Important search engines have their very own platforms for managing the advertising, even as the state may change. The main platforms are Google AdWords SEM and Yahoo Search Marketing (YSM).
Search Engine Optimisation (SEO): The objective of SEO is to improve the place in our pages exhibited in the natural results that reveal the searchers to certain searches. In this case, the users click the results don't imply any cost to businesses, but not mean they are free because in a competitive market need to hire SEO specialists to achieve great standings.
Significantly, we show featured only a "smattering" of keywords, while in the advertising we display our advertisements on tens of tens of thousands of keywords (10 Types of Online Marketing Channels & their Practical Applications ), and it just fell through the SEO after months of hard work, if you need quick results and will resort to permanently SEM is wise to combine both strategies to avoid losing market share in search of our products.
You can learn more about the 10 Types of Online Marketing Channels & their Practical Applications by digital marketing institute from Techstack.
Display advertisements or Rich Media ( 10 Types of Online Marketing Channels & their Practical Applications ): Here you can group all the ads that we see in online media, although for example display is included by Google AdWords network in the majority of the media that is managed from within Google AdWords. Such advertising comprises all types of formats generally called banner ads.
E-Mail (10 Types of Online Marketing Channels & their Practical Applications ): E-Mail marketing is a strategy that the email becomes a robust marketing tool to get immediate results, that nicely handled allows very advanced segmentation. It really is significant to distinguish what is a good e-mail marketing (regular communications strategy and targeted at users to send personalized offers really interested) of the mass postings of e-mail spam that could scrape or in lots of cases are really annoying as it may offer to our customers products which aren't interested, already have or a higher cost than they bought.
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Web directories (10 Types of Online Marketing Channels & their Practical Applications ): The directories that are specialised, but in general, and with few exceptions tend to have low traffic volume, are excellent for public address an industry niche that interests us. Directories come in all types and in our merchandise or service must choose the blend that most interested us.
Social Media Marketing (SMM) (10 Types of Online Marketing Channels & their Practical Applications ): In boom since YouTube, Twitter and Facebook, have come in but not distinctive to these platforms as there are tons of tools which are useful for a successful SMM. Also, there are advertising promotional tools and opportunities to emphasise products and our existence in these social networks.
Social Media Optimization (SMO) (10 Types of Online Marketing Channels & their Practical Applications ): This is the optimisation in online social networks or online social media positioning through involvement in the discussions, creating profiles, adding content to them, etc.
Offline media: Here we assemble all of the shares in traditional media that we use to advertise and establish our online marketing efforts.
Affiliate Marketing ( 10 Types of Online Marketing Channels & their Practical Applications ): In this online marketing channel, the act of having another person sell your thing for you. This may also be called as a commissioned sales job. The person who is offering the item may utilise one of the greater parts of the strategies on this rundown to sell an affiliate product.
10 Types of Online Marketing Channels & their Practical Applications : Organisation or the individual who creates the affiliate thing likewise faces their own group of problems. In the very first place, they should make a thing that's precious, and then find the right individuals to offer their item and provide a commission that is alluring.
10 Types of Online Marketing Channels & their Practical Applications : The affiliate service or product designer should also make a special effort to make a normal organisation of advertising materials that can be adjusted for their associates to provide. This could include email swipe duplicate a range of banner, for email automated responders in all sizes, records, videos and additionally pamphlets or newsletters to inform members about promotions and strategies that are working.


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The morna: essential music of the Cape Verde archipelago reached mainland thanks to Cesária Évora's voice
Cesária Évora
Music Periods: 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s
Country: Cape Verde
Genre: Morna
With roots in the 18th-century Cape Verde, the morna music is a vital and culturally definitive genre of the archipelago, not unlike tango in the musical context of Argentina. Different islands show variations in songs and dances of the morna genre, but all of them are united by a distinctive harmony in arrangements that involve cavaquinho, clarinet, accordion, violin, piano, and guitar as well as soulful lyrics written in Cape Verdean Creole.
The crucial influence on a thematic development of the genre was made by the Cape Verdean poet Eugénio Tavares whose mornas cycle touched upon essential topics for the islanders such as immigration, nostalgia, love for the homeland and the sea. Despite the fact that the morna music was frequently performed in Cape Verdean migrant communities around the world, it was Cesária Évora's wistful vocals that determined the genre's wider popularity in the 1990s.
Having started her musical career in the 1960s, Cesária Évora very soon gained immense popularity on the islands, though singing in bars did not bring her financial prosperity, which, coupled with the turmoil generated by Cape Verde's newfound independence, forced her to take almost a decade-long hiatus.
Her path to fame began in the mid-1970s when, following her Portuguese concerts and first commercial releases, the doors opened for embarking on a worldwide tour.
Here is how Cesária Évora herself described her hopes during that period:
"... in all those years when I sang in bars and in front of strangers I sometimes had an idea I might someday be successful outside my country. The thought never stayed with me for very long, but here I am."
Watch Sangue de Beirona by Cesária Évora:
It should be noted that the morna music got its present form thanks to the efforts of Francisco Xavier da Cruz in the early 20th century. He not only wrote dozens of mornas, but also expanded harmonic sequence of the genre that initially contained only three chords. His alteration, known among Cape Verdean musicians as the Brazilian halftone, still define this style of music.
The resonance of African tribal heritage in Ali Farka Touré's guitar

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


MartinLogan has made two new additions to their architectural line of speakers: the Helos 12 and Helos 22. With updated bezel-less grilles, MartinLogan's Helos series is reborn with cleaner, more discrete aesthetics, the company says.
Replacing the Helos 10 and Helos 20, new Helos 12 and Helos 22 in-ceiling speakers feature the same neodymium soft dome tweeters, high-rigidity aluminum cone woofers and proprietary Vojtko crossover topology for which the Helos Series is best known. The Helos 12 features a single 1-inch tweeter mounted on a pivoting tweeter stem that aims at the primary listening location. This design allows listeners to enjoy the highest levels of in-ceiling audio performance, while still providing detailed sound throughout the entire room.
The Helos 22 provides stereo sound with two 0.75-inch tweeters, designed for use as a single stereo speaker in distributed audio or a wide dispersion home theater surround. Both models feature a 6.5-inch midrange/bass cone with extended throw driver assembly and thermal protection.
Carefully hand-built using only the finest polyester capacitors and air-core coils, the Helos 12 and Helos 22 crossover employ MartinLogan's proprietary Vojtko topology for low distortion and seamless driver integration. This precision-tuned network preserves even the most microscopic sonic nuances while handling the full dynamics of any source.
The Helos 12 and Helos 22 ultra-low profile, paintable micro perforated grilles have no visible bezel, allowing for a near invisible integration into the ceiling. A magnetic system secures grilles easily into place, reducing the risk of warping or damage during installation. A robust, mounting-lock system allows quick, trouble-free installation.
Helos 12 ($299/ea) and Helos 22 ($399/ea) are available now from authorized MartinLogan dealers nationwide.


There is a war going on, not the wars we know about, this is a war of energy, of dimensional frequencies. The matrix is being decommissioned. Some of it we see, some we don't. This is a war for Gaia, for our minds, bodies and souls. To fight this unseen war is to raise our vibrations. It's to stay positive, to choose love vibration and reject fear frequency.
The political elite, the propaganda of Hollywood, music industry puppets, the big corporations, the aristocracy, they are all feeling the burn. They know we and our intergalactic friends are coming for them.
The time for freedom is now, as predicted for millenia, by many races here and elsewhere. This is cosmic, celestial, rare and necessary. Our free will has been compromised, our intergalactic allies are now directly involved.
Expect controlled and manipluated disclosure soon. Be rational, calm and intellectual in how you approach this coming knowledge. The cabal in power on planet earth are far scarier than anything out there. We have been living with the enemy for thousands of years, it's time to reclaim what is ours, our lands, our minds, hearts and souls and our lives.
Turn off all advertising and mainstream media, it is all programming. Programming how we feel, see, eat, want and believe. Be wary of rules, of commands, of anything that labels and boxes us in. Seek freedom of choice, listening to our heart, not our ego.
Approach all mainstream culture with caution, the agenda is forced, desperate and powerful. Designed to mould our children, to programme polarity of thinking from a young age. Misogyny and sexualistation of children is rife in US media exports, switch them off!
We are right in the middle of a storm, a silent storm, a cosmic storm, at its heart, a war for energetic frequencies. The more people the elite can keep in the holographic third dimension, the more energy they harvest.
Unseen friends are tackling the military elite, sources report the US FEMA camps are being disbanded. There is a lot of activity behind the smokescreen of pantomime politics being played out in world mainstream media.
To play our part, to be an earth warrior is to wake up, unplug, activate our chakra system. Clearing, strengthening and balancing our systems helps us stay centred, be fluid and flow with waves of frequency ascension. Enjoy being here on planet earth, feel the seasons change, breathe long and deep. Reconnect to Gaia and the vibration of nature, of universal love.
The matrix feeds on our vulnerabilities, our weaknesses, our childhood and ancestral karma. It persuades us it can fill the hole, carved by the elite to make us pliable, in our soul. It can't. Only we can fill that hole, with love energy.
Become more compassionate, calmer and clearer thinking beings. Let universal love energy become part of you, let it integrate with your cellular and soul being. Our inner world becomes our outer experience. Manifest abundance, equality, freedom and love in your life and on Gaia.
Mantra: I release fear, I embrace love.
By Morag awakening5dhealing Facebook, wordpress, YouTube.
A holistic approach to our wellbeing means just that…taking care of our mind, body and soul. This trinity of care is underpinned by frequencies. Matrix toxins, fear, hate and greed, fed to us through mainstream media, religion, education and economics poison our minds, programming us with dense, low frequencies.
Consuming fake, synthetic, gm, over processed foods and drinks, lower our vibrations, they cannot be broken down organically. They leave residue, toxic waste that rots inside us, literally weighing us down.
Cutting off connectivity to our soul prevents us from seeing and being part of the bigger picture, the multi dimensional universe. Our cellular vibration is capped, limited to lower, heavier frequencies.
Consciousness expansion, clean living, committing to living through love not fear, through our hearts, raises our vibrations. Cosmic events propel recalibration. We have a unique opportunity to release karma, evolve as individuals and as a people to higher dimensions.
Take this rare chance, unplug and tune into universal love. Practise self care, rate yourself as worthy of love, compassion and expansion of consciousness. Welcome love into your life.
Mantra: I am awake, I am calm, I am love.
Fluctuations in our frequencies create dimensional slippage. We can feel floaty and peaceful, secure in our understanding that we are connected to a multi verse of love vibrations. We can also feel intensely 3d, we can understand the incredulity of those not awakened to quantum spirituality.
This spectrum of frequencies is determined by our inner vibration, the cosmic waves around us, and our sensitivity to other people's energy qfields. Triggers to release karma through activations of our chakra system. Higher dimensional experiences like premonitions, synchronicity, number sequences and magical interactions with nature occur as we raise our vibrations.
Riding waves of awakening can be disconcerting, making us feel unstable or overly sensitive to our environment. Managing fluctuations in our system, interacting with friends, family, colleagues and other people, we have many challenges to face to keep ourselves aligned and balanced.
Ultimately the process aims to raise our vibrations high enough that we can stabilise in the fifth, or higher, dimension. We can step into the magic of manifestation.
We shed layers of karma, lightening our energetic load, creating lighter mind body soul systems for integrating higher frequencies. This release of karma can push many people to a point where 'checking out', whether consciously or subconsciously, seems the only answer.
Watching people close to us wake up too quickly or refuse to wake up can be frustrating and upsetting. We can feel anxious they will 'miss the boat', get stuck on third dimension Gaia. Practising non attachment, accepting we are all on our own path, helps to stabilise our own needs and wants, we grow spiritually as sovereign beings.
We can neither make nor persuade anyone to meditate and find their frequency. We cannot make someone who has woken up too quickly to ground themselves back into Gaia. We cannot make anyone to reconnect, realign and recalibrate their chakra system if they are not ready. It's a wholly personal experience.
We can practise self care. We can treat our bodies respectfully. We can open our minds and we can connect to our soul. There are three simple ways we can regain energetic equilibrium and begin to integrate manifestation as quantum recalibration.
1. Using daily focused intentions can have a powerful impact on stabilising our day to day experiences.
2. Opening communication with our guides and higher self through meditation and direct dialogue.
3. Learning to take care of our chakra system through exercise, meditation and yoga strengthening the foundations of our trinity being.
We have been shown or given tools to help us manage this raising of our frequencies, it's up to us to find and use them.
Dimensional slippage can be scary or exciting, frightening or fun. Our perspective, our contextual perception of reality determines how we respond and the experiences we have. We choose to come from a place of fear or love. It really is that simple. Fear or love. Choose love and love will choose you. Manifest wisely friends. Much love and light beautiful people.
7 Ways our Multi Dimensional Soul Tribe Communicate & How we can Communicate with them.
As we travel this time space continuum we call life, we are not alone. We are connected as beings of frequencies, to a multi verse of quantum dimensions. We are also connected to our soul tribe and that greater part of us, our higher self.
Some of us may be fortunate enough to have members of our soul tribe living and breathing in this reality with us. But we all have members of our soul tribe on hand, at all times, in higher dimensions, ready to guide, protect, heal and recharge us.
As a tribe we rotate lifetimes, some lifetimes we do and our tribal comrades man the home station, or travel with us. They may stay close from the fourth dimension as ancestral guides, or in the fifth or higher dimensions as guides and angels.
With each new lifetime our pack rotates experiences. Next lifetime we may well be the ones acting as guide to our soul mate on another planet, existing as another type of being. It's all part of the grand school of life, filling our soul jars with wisdom, experience and love.
There are 7 main ways our tribe in the other dimensions can communicate with us.
psychic ability some have retained or regained psychic ability and can either hear, see or feel messages directly.
using tools cards, runes, crystal pendulums, crystal ball etc., offering a common language we can communicate with our guides through.
synchronicity our guides can create glitches in the matrix to prod us, nudge us in the right direction, warn us or awaken us.
number sequences, a very clear and direct way for guides to communicate with us especially since the matrix operates in numbers. We see numbers everywhere, all day. Lots of opportunity for our tribe to drop us messages. Websites like sacredscribes and angelnumbers are excellent as quick go to checks for symbolism and meanings behind number sequences.
nature and animals our guides can interact with us through nature and animals. Seeing animals appear in unusual places or at unusual times, or behave in a strange way is also a common language. The symbolism and meaning of many animals and much of nature has been passed down for millennia on Gaia, it is relatively easy to check the meanings.
gut feelings powerful instinctive responses usually felt in the stomach or solar plexus area. Sometimes experienced as sudden headaches, nausea or dizziness. These emotional and physical responses can be prompted by the frequency alignment we share with our guides, they can zap them if you like, give us a jolt. What we do with that is up to us.
meditation authentic prayer (not rote) and dreamstate, open gateways to higher dimensions, activating our third eye and crown chakras, making lines of communication clearer and easier to navigate.
We can keep alert and aware for messages, guidance and communication from our guides, and we can also communicate back with them. Opening a dialogue with our guides and higher self is a wonderful thing to do.
Understandably this requires some deprogramming on our part. In a society where hearing voices is directly equated with being crazy, the elite's manipulation and oppression of our thought processes limits our existential experience of being human. We can be hesitant to explore this.
We can use affirmations, mantras, meditation, ritual and focused intention to directly communicate with our higher dimension soul tribe. Here are some simple ways to open dialogue with your guides and higher self, encouraging alignment with manifestation and the general magical wonder of the universe.
I ask my guides to protect me from lower frequencies.
I am going to have a calm, (insert relevant adjective) day.
I ask my guides and higher self to protect and heal me.
I send love to my (insert injured body part, illness etc). Running the palm of your hand a couple of inches above the injury, whilst repeating this mantra, can help as well.
I ask my guides and higher self to help me make the right choice, to show me the direction I should take.
I move my spirit back into my body with the protection and love of my guides and higher self.
Mantra: I am connected to the multi verse, I am powerful and wise in my core, I am grounded back into Gaia.
I ask that all upgrades appropriate for me at this time, be activated under the protection and healing love light of my guides and higher self.
The rule of three always applies, repeat each meditation or mantra three times, with meaning.
Breathwork, lengthening and deepening our breathing, as we say the words in our head, raises our vibrations at a cellular level, helping us tune into higher frequencies.
Breath into throat, chest, stomach. You will feel your heartbeat slow, blood pressure decrease, your body become calm, your ego will quieten and you will be able to hear and see from an energetic perspective.
It is good practise to connect to the energy of gratitude, to express humility with grace and love. Namaste.
These, and simple mantras like them, can be done anywhere, anytime, on the bus, before a meeting, before a family dinner (!), even during an interview or stressful experience. Breathe deep, three times, and say in your head…doing this as often or as little as you want or need.
Setting focused intentions as part of our morning routines, are a powerful tool for manifestation and spiritual growth. These intentions can also be revisited throughout the day to recentre and balance our energies.
We can also communicate directly with our body, sending love and healing using the power of words and intent, healing love frequency. Focusing our energetic intention on sending healing to our body nourishes it and draws the trinity of mind body soul more into balance as an energetic being.
A bedtime routine, like prayer, or cleansing our chakras, rebalancing our spiritual system, can be as simple as saying the mantra: I strengthen, balance and clear my energetic system of lower frequencies and vibrations, under the protection and guidance of my guides and higher self. Combined with breathwork and quiet meditation, we can learn to balance our own systems.
Like good friends, soul mates in our lives, our higher frequency soul tribe love us, know us, in the case of the higher self are us, and have our best interests at heart. Open up a dialogue with them, don't be scared of what you may hear, see, feel in return. Trust that all will be communicated at a level we are prepared to handle.
We are part of a tribe, a pack, a crew of souls and we travel together across time and space, each taking their turn on the karmic wheel of life. Call to them, activate your third eye and recognise their messages. They are here for us, to love, heal, guide and protect us. Welcome them with open arms, open heart and open mind. Much love beautiful people.
As Gaia raises her frequencies, triggered by waves of cosmic light energy, we experience an accelerated awakening. As a people, a society, a global population, our perceived differences are being exposed as elitist strategy to divide, conquer, control and oppresss. The veils are lifting. Catalysts activate upgrades on a cellular level and awakening on a global scale.
Much of the darkness at the heart of the cabal matrix rests in one major 'belief', sold as fact, 'we are alone in the universe'. We are the only intelligent life forms in the universe. Any scientist, free thinker, alchemist, psychic or guru who has queried this has been ruthlessly and relentlessly discredited, bullied, intimidated or mocked by the establishment.
Applying just a fraction of common sense to this theory blows it to smithereens. It is an arrogant assumption at best, a powerful tool for control of a dumbed down population at worse. The suppression of science and scientists, the oppression of people through the maligned teaching of religious texts, propaganda fed through education, has kept the population in a state of controlled ignorance for thousands of years.
When we talk of the veils lifting, of seeing through the illusions of the matrix, the issue of disclosure is key. Disclosure of an intergalactic, spiritualised, technologically advanced, complex community watching, waiting, maybe interfering as we wake up en masse.
We can use Hollywood as a fairly secure tracking device to see what the elite want us to know. Films like Arrival indicate strategy to control the knowledge once it comes out. The American military will be the only trustworthy government to handle revelation of an alien presence, if we are to believe the movie.
More intriguingly Arrival explores quantum existence. The word quantum is not mentioned once yet the alien language, their non linear existence, the linguist morphing into their quantum perspective, is subtle disclosure.
The tale at the heart of the film is awakening, it's raising frequencies to become a quantum being. It is answering the age old question, are we alone? The answer being no. There is intelligent life out there.
This is the big one. The big lie. The big cover up. The elite have literally buried the truth, ancient relics of wisdom and knowledge of the skies and their inhabitants, hidden from view. Places like Gobekli Tepe tell a very different story of our origins challenging the cabal's spun narrative that we are alone.
The multi verse is complex and convoluted, there is good and evil, there is politics and war, there are different levels of technological advancement. There is also quantum spirituality. Frequencies determining our perception of reality, our karmic growth and our understanding of manifestation. Are ETs angels and vice versa? Are gods and saints more advanced aliens? Are our body's suits we wear when we experience a lifetime on heavier planets?
These questions are rational, logical and probing. In the matrix they are seen as radical, revolutionary, frightening or simply stupid. Waking up is all of this and more. It requires openness, fearlessness and trust that there is more than the violent, hate fuelled greed we see everyday.
Waking up as an evolving human means letting go of the linear limitations of the matrix. Peering beyond the panoptican prison walls and seeing a much bigger, sometimes scary, but ultimately reassuring picture, that there is more than us and planet earth.
There is a thriving, complicated and busy intergalactic community out there, and we are expected to take our rightful place as a free people caring for their planet.
We can ride waves of accelerated recalibration and upgrades. We can rise above the polarity of the third dimension, beyond this extremist society. We can feed the hungry, clothe the poor, nourish our spirits and bodies, live as one with the land. We can do this. By embracing our quantum existence we can keep ourselves above water, float, swim, surf and sail the stormy seas of cosmic transition.
Maybe the time for stealth mode is almost over and we can start questioning more openly, talking about angels and ETs, planets and frequencies, technology and meditation. There is a movement of change, of awakening, sweeping over this planet, this reality. As it increases momentum we will flash back and forth on the frequency spectrum.
We are in a deeply profound time in space, a time predicted for millennia. Don't feel alone. Reach out and find others at similar stages to you. Take good care of yourself and be kind to others. Be prepared for controlled disclosure regarding intergalactic community.
There is a whole new world out there for us to explore, be excited to see the end of the old and embrace the new. Manifest love, peace and abundance on Gaia beautiful people. Namaste.


The results from the latest Research Excellence Framework (REF) rank the School of Law in joint 10th place for research excellence, along with the Universities of Oxford and Warwick.
90% of our research outputs are judged to be world-leading or internationally excellent.
Our vibrant research environment is rated as 75% world-leading and 25% internationally excellent.
Research is at the heart of the Law School's mission and underpins all of the School's academic activities, including undergraduate and postgraduate teaching. Our legal, socio-legal and criminological research enjoys national and international renown. Through academic publishing, informing policy processes, advisory work, knowledge exchange, activities for government departments, public agencies and regional, national and international bodies, our research has local, regional, national and global impact.


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Steroid Profile: Methyltestosterone
Overview and History Methyltestosterone
Methyltestosterone is unquestionably a typical anabolic steroid. It's classic not just in terms of the outcomes and impacts it can bring individuals in terms of mass building and performance capabilities, but it's also a true old-school compound. While many individuals may not refer to it by its full name, the reality is that most people are aware of it without even realizing it.
It is a steroid that truly works, and it is quite powerful and efficient in terms of its effects on the human body. It is not only one of the oldest steroids in history, but it is also one of the most important steroids in history. This is due to the fact that it was the first synthetic form of testosterone.
This is present in certain synthetic versions, but it was the first true, raw form of testosterone, the androgenic hormone generated endogenously within the male body. The earliest version of this steroid was simply the hormone without an ester attached, which was very similar to Testosterone Suspension, sometimes known as Test Susp in bodybuilding circles. Testosterone Propionate, sometimes known as Test Prop, would become life and enter the open market with its kin in 1937.
Although Ciba's Metandren was a profitable medicine, the most well-known brand is no longer accessible. Currently, generic brands, as well as many underground lab formulations, are the most common. For numerous years, Teston has been the only name brand pharmaceutical-based pure Methyltestosterone available.
While methyltestosterone is not as widespread on the pharmaceutical market as it once was, it is nevertheless utilized in some parts of the world. Despite the fact that it has been removed from several markets and that many US physicians seldom prescribe it, methyltestosterone is an insignificant supply in the US pharmaceutical market. The chemical has been used to treat low testosterone, andropause, and cryptorchidism in males.
It has also been used to manage excess lactation after pregnancy and osteoporosis in some breast cancer treatment schemes. Most notably, Methyltestosterone has shown some effectiveness in treating menopause by restoring frequently lost libido and energy levels, which often decline during this time of life for many women. While methyltestosterone has been successful in menopausal therapy in the modern period, most women are now taking different types of testosterone. The most prevalent are creams and gels. Testosterone and progesterone creams, as well as subcutaneous implant pellets like Testopel, have proved extremely effective.
While it has had some success, Methyltestosterone is one of the most contentious testosterone medicines in conventional medicine. The main source of contention is its hepatotoxicity, which is not shared by other testosterone derivatives.
Furthermore, unlike other testosterone compounds, Methyltestosterone is rarely utilized in performance-boosting circles. Methyltestosterone, like other testosterone molecules, has an estrogenic character, but it is much more apparent in this form, making it a bad choice for most sportsmen.
Chemistry Behind Methyltestosterone
[17alpha-methyl-4-androstene-3-one,17b-ol]
Melting Point: 162-167
Manufacturer: Most Major Pharmaceutical Companies
Effective dose: (Men) 25-100mgs/day; (Women) N/A
Active Life: 6-8 hours
Detection Time: 4-6 weeks
Anabolic /Androgenic Ratio (Range): 94-130/115-150
Chemical Structure of Methyltestosterone
Methyltestosterone is the first oral testosterone preparation and the first C17-alpha-alkylated (C17-aa) steroid ever created. The compound has appeared under a variety of trade names throughout the years, but Ciba's Metandren is possibly the most well-known Methyltestosterone compound of all time.
Ciba's Methyltestosterone, while oral, was a sublingual version, which increased the testosterone hormone's absorption. In fact, as compared to a pill version, this form doubles bioavailability and allows the individual to attain peak testosterone levels in an hour. When Methyltestosterone is taken as a pill, peak levels can take up to two hours to achieve, not to mention the substantially decreased potency.
Methyltestosterone is a pure derivative of the hormone testosterone, but what distinguishes it is the addition of a methyl grouping on top to guarantee it can be taken in and absorbed orally.
The methyl group added to the molecule guarantees that the testosterone survives digestion and mechanical breakdown inside the body. If we only consider it as a testosterone hormone, Methyltest is excellent since it is a synthetic replica of the original male androgen that we all know and adore.
The fact is that the body cannot distinguish the difference, and it will attach to androgen receptors as if it were your body's own endogenously generated testosterone.
Because Methyltestosterone is testosterone in its purest form, it will perform just as well as the original testosterone formulation. Apart from the obvious physical needs, it is critical to supplement with testosterone for cognitive or cerebral reasons.
While Methyltestosterone is important to understand, it's also a good idea to examine alternative test profiles such as Testosterone Cypionate, Testosterone Enanthate, Testosterone Propionate, or even the aforementioned test suspension.
Effects of Methyltestosterone
Exogenous administration of Methyltestosterone causes its effects by simply raising the number of circulating androgens. This might be done to battle a condition caused by low levels, or it could be done to raise androgen levels above baseline levels to aid in the treatment of another ailment.
While both are conceivable in a medical context, the former is more typical. By supplementing with this androgen, the benefits of Methyltestosterone should improve the individual's sex drive and energy levels, which are generally reduced when the hormone is low in the body. We will, however, discover that the steroid is not nearly as harmful as many had incorrectly assumed, but it will still be unsuitable for long-term performance usage.
The benefits of Methyltestosterone will largely help athletes from an androgenic, rather than anabolic, perspective. The high amount of androgenic activity might considerably enhance hostility by supplementing for brief periods of time with a big dose. This might help powerlifters and other strength athletes prepare for competition.
However, there is something we need to clarify when looking at the effects of Methyltestosterone in this area. It's also worth noting that aggressiveness isn't always a bad thing. What we do with hostility determines whether it is right or bad.
When employed appropriately, such as in strength competitions, increased hostility may be tremendously advantageous. Some bodybuilders may find the benefits of Methyltestosterone advantageous in this regard shortly before a competition to assist them to get through the final phases when energy levels are frequently low. However, because of Methyltestosterone's strong estrogenic action, there are usually better alternatives.
Side Effects Methyltestosterone
For most adult males, the testosterone hormone is a fairly side effect friendly hormone. However, the negative effects of Methyltestosterone might be higher and harsher than those of other testosterone derivatives. This is true for most regions that may be negatively affected by testosterone. To assist you to understand the potential side effects of Methyltestosterone, we've divided them into categories and provided all of the information you'll need.
Estrogenic: Methyltestosterone's potential adverse effects include estrogenic effects. These effects are caused by testosterone converting to oestrogen because of its interaction with the aromatase enzyme. Because of the 17-alpha methylation of the hormone, methyltestosterone aromatizes slower than other testosterone molecules, but instead of converting to estradiol, it converts to methyl estradiol.
Methylestradiol is a very potent estrogenic hormone, which can cause gynecomastia and water retention. All testosterone hormones can cause these consequences, but Methyltestosterone has a larger chance of doing so.
Indeed, the estrogenic side effects of Methyltestosterone can arise apparently overnight, necessitating the usage of an anti-estrogen when males use this testosterone.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators or Aromatase Inhibitors are two possibilities for addressing the estrogenic side effects of Methyltestosterone. SERMs, such as Tamoxifen Citrate, work by binding to oestrogen receptors, inhibiting the oestrogen hormone from binding and activating.
AIs, such as Letrozole, work by blocking the aromatase mechanism, lowering blood oestrogen levels. AIs are by far the most effective, although they can have an adverse effect on cholesterol. As a result, some people may benefit from using a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor like Finasteride. A 5-alpha reductase inhibitor will lower the androgenicity of the hormone; it will not be fully eliminated, but it will be significantly reduced.
Women must likewise be concerned about Methyltestosterone's androgenic adverse effects. This steroid has a high virilization potential, which might manifest as body hair growth, voice chord deepening, and clitoral enlargement. Low dosages of the hormone combined with esterified estrogens can lower the likelihood of virilization, such as the product Estratest, which has a very low amount of Methyltestosterone as well as the essential esterified oestrogen. Most women, however, are advised to quit usage promptly if virilization signs appear.
If the medication is stopped as soon as the symptoms appear, they will go away quickly. Ignoring the signs may result in irreparable damage. Because of the steroid's high virilization potential, no woman should use Methyltestosterone for performance goals. This steroid should be used in extremely low dosages only in certain therapeutic situations.
Cardiovascular: High blood pressure is one of the adverse effects of Methyltestosterone, however, it is generally reduced when the user reduces water retention. High amounts of water retention are renowned for increasing hypertension. Most people will not have a problem if their water retention is addressed; nevertheless, high blood pressure is still possible but improbable.
Methyltestosterone, like other testosterone molecules, has a detrimental effect on cholesterol. Most testosterone hormones have a little effect on HDL cholesterol, giving mild suppression. As a cholesterol antioxidant supplement, it is recommended to take fish oil on a daily basis.
Testosterone: The majority of anabolic androgenic drugs inhibit natural testosterone synthesis. The rate of suppression, however, is dependent on the steroid in issue and can also be influenced by the total dosage. While Methyltestosterone is considerably suppressive, the individual should be able to prevent low testosterone since Methyltestosterone will provide all the testosterone he requires. He will, however, be in a low state after usage is ended.
Most men are urged to pursue a Post Cycle Therapy regimen once all use has been ceased. This will increase natural production and lower the likelihood of a low testosterone condition significantly. Those who are healthy can recover without a PCT plan, but it will take much longer and can be harmful to their health if a low level is maintained for an extended period of time.
Except for two instances, there is no need to forego a PCT strategy. Women will not be required to follow a PCT plan. Men suffering from low testosterone will also not require a PCT regimen, since such a condition would necessitate ongoing and indefinite testosterone medication to keep the problem at bay.
Hepatotoxicity: Methyltestosterone is hepatotoxic, although not in the way that many people believe. All C17-aa steroids are toxic to the liver, however, the degree of toxicity varies from steroid to steroid.
Therapeutic level dosages will cause some stress on the liver, and liver enzyme readings will rise with usage, but if the liver was healthy, to begin with, no harm should be done.
Cycles And Usage of Methyltestosterone
Methyltestosterone is quite powerful when dosed. If you want to boost your aggressiveness and athletic performance, stick to a 40-50 mg dose for no more than 8 weeks.
In a therapeutic environment, 10-40 mg is sufficient to reap the majority of the advantages. Most of the time, the initial doses will be greater, and they will gradually decrease until they reach the 10mg level.
Doses of methyltestosterone for females should be extremely low. No more than 2.5 mg, and even that may be too much for some ladies. Women who are prescribed or choose to use methyl tests are frequently given oestrogen pills to stack with the testosterone alone.
How To Buy Methyltestosterone
It is often encountered in the pharmaceutical industry because of its popularity in therapeutic settings. It's quite hard to get it on the black market or through UGLs but be warned: a lot of imitation steroids offered as Anadrol, Dianabol, or Winstrol are really simply Methyltestosterone, but if you know your steroids, you'll be able to detect an imposter batch of Methyltest from a mile away.
Methyltestosterone Purchase Online
You will need a doctor's prescription to obtain it. However, if you try to acquire it, you will find that it is rarely sold by UGLs or black-market dealers. Remember that purchasing steroids is unlawful under the Controlled Substances Act and the Steroid Act of 1990, as amended in the early 2000s.
Methyltestosterone can be easily obtained online. While most big internet providers do not carry it, there are some that do, and if you really want it, you can locate it. Furthermore, because it is manufactured by a multitude of reputable pharmaceutical businesses, there should be no need to ever buy an illegal version.
While it is possible to purchase Methyltestosterone online, we do not advocate it. The Steroid Control Act of 1990 categorised anabolic androgenic steroids as Schedule III restricted drugs in the United States. The Steroid Control Act of 2004 would subsequently strengthen this regulation, and individuals who violate it would face significant penalties and prison time.
Outside of the United States, some countries are similarly rigorous, while many are considerably more liberal. Many nations allow anabolic steroids to be purchased over the counter without a prescription, although most do not allow internet purchases. If you want to buy anabolic steroids legally, you must get them through a pharmacy. While legality is frequently significantly more permissive in many nations, there can be exceptions and variations based on the country in question. As a result, it is critical that you completely grasp the laws of the nation in which you live before making any anabolic steroid purchases.
Review on Methyltestosterone
Methyltestosterone is a one-of-a-kind testosterone molecule on the market. In reality, whereas different testosterone molecules all have a somewhat different nature, most are almost identical outside of Methyltestosterone.
Methyltestosterone is distinct due to its lack of anabolic power, increased translatable androgenicity, and estrogenic properties. When we examine its C17-aa character, it actually distinguishes itself from the majority of testosterone molecules.
While methyltestosterone is unusual in origin, it is likewise unusual in its application. While there is a performance objective for some, when we analyse efficacy, we will find that there are far superior solutions. While useful as therapeutic testosterone for a male patient, it is frequently reported to be weak in comparison to most testosterone compounds.
Most men will be happier with injectable testosterone, testosterone gels, and, in some circumstances, testosterone implant pellets. The sole genuine advantage of this hormone molecule appears to be in female usage to counteract the symptoms of menopause, but only when combined with esterified oestrogen at modest dosages. It appears to have a lot of potential in this application and might become a regular element of many female hormone replacement therapy schemes. However, in the present era, it is far from the only alternative, and as this field of medicine develops, it may become obsolete in the near future.
0 replies • 7 months ago
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Q: c++ assign to pointer a pointer to constant I have the following code:
class B{
    /*
    ...
    */
};
class A{
    B** elements;
    public:
        A operator+=(const B& b){
            // this->elements[0] = &b;

        }
        A(int number){
            this->elements = new B*[number];
        }
    /*
    ...
    */
};

int main(){
    A a(10);
    return 0;
}

What I want is that the += operator should add the B object(operator's right side) to the A object's elements member.
So let's say I modify main to :
int main{
    A a(10);
    B b();
    a += b;
}

After this a.elements[0] should be the b object.
I commented a line which is not working,but shows what I want.Uncommenting it gives the following error: invalid conversion from const B* to B*
The real code is much longer of course, it's enough if you show me how to make the += operator always assign the B object to A.elements[0], then I can edit my code as neccessary.
Thanks

A: Focusing your issue, a B* is not a B const*: on the first you are allowed to call methods which are not const, while this is not true for the latter.
And the compiler is complaining about this: you declare an array of pointers to modifiable Bs but then you try to store a pointer to an unmodifiable B inside it. So if you merely want to fix this problem you can decide for example to store unmodifiable Bs:
  B const** elements;
public:
 A& operator+=(const B& b) {
    this->elements[0] = &b;
    return *this;
  }

  A(int number) {
    this->elements = new B const*[number];
  }

But there are serious issues in your code:

*

*you are taking the address of a const B& but where is this B coming from? It could have automatic storage and become an invalid pointer somewhere in the future

*there is no way to know who is owning the pointer to B objects so who is responsible of releasing it.

It's C++, you have std::unique_ptr, std::shared_ptr, std::vector, just trying to do things as you would do them in C without even attempting to make them safe and secure doesn't make any sense.

A: You have some serious issues with your design.
    A operator+=(const B& b){
        // this->elements[0] = &b;

The idea here is to insert b into your collection, but your collection is little more than a pointer to some (unknown length) amount of raw memory.  You do not have a way to know if elements[x] exists in order to store &b.  For that matter, you don't know if elements exists at all.  You will need more bookkeeping to store lengths.
But worse, you pass a reference to a const B and take its address, storing that pointer in your collection.  What if the argument is a reference bound to a temporary?  (Rvalues can bind to const lvalue references).  In that case, the moment you've finished inserting the pointer into your collection the object it points to is destroyed.
That is assuming you work around your const-incorrectness, as you take a reference to a const b, take its address, and hope that it points to a non-const B.  It doesn't.  Casting it away can result in undefined behavior if b really points to an actually const object (and the non-const interface of b is used through your pointer.)
Your grow function leaks memory and loses the old elements.  Yes, it's pseudocode but too far from anything real to base ideas on.
There is a lot of really dangerous ideas in just a few lines.  Here are suggestions:

*

*do not store raw pointers

*even more strongly, do not store pointers obtained from reference arguments

*make lifetime management easy; use smart pointers to show who owns the memory of passed-in objects

*maintain const correctness.  If you take (smart) pointers to const objects, store them as (smart) pointers to const objects.

*when you resize allocations allocations, worry about what happens to the old objects and memory.  Containers help reduce this effort.

*use container classes instead of managing raw memory yourself and many of your problems vanish (but not the lifetime management issue of the arguments.)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Kambiz Behzadi, M.D. | Orthopedic Surgeon Specializing in Knee, Hip, Shoulder Replacement & Sports Medicine
Member of Tri-Valley Orthopedic Specialists, Inc.
4626 Willow Road, Pleasanton, CA 94588 | (925) 463-0470
5601 Norris Canyon Road #130, San Ramon, CA 94583 | (925) 275-1133
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Meet Dr. Behzadi
Kambiz Behzadi, MD
You are here: Home / Patient Education / Knee / Stryker Orthopaedics Announces Knee System With Leading Wear-Resistant Technology: X3®
Stryker Orthopaedics Announces Knee System With Leading Wear-Resistant Technology: X3®
New Test Results Show Stryker's Triathlon® Knee System with X3® Advanced Bearing Technology Demonstrates up to 96% Less Wear than Competitive Premium Bearing Technology
MAHWAH, N.J., July 26 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ — In keeping with its commitment to developing effective, longer-lasting and natural-feeling joint replacements, Stryker Orthopaedics (NYSE: SYK) has married two of its most recent implant innovations in a new knee system that is yielding significantly lower wear rates in the laboratory than other leading implants available on the market today.
Laboratory testing on wear simulators shows a 96 percent wear reduction over the leading competitive premium bearing technology with the combination of Stryker's X3®, a highly crosslinked polyethylene, and the Triathlon® Knee System, a design noted for its improved range of motion and fit. 1,2
The results of the lab testing are significant because implant wear is one of the major, non-clinical causes of implant failure. By reducing wear, Stryker expects to improve the longevity of its implants, which has emerged as one of patients' most fundamental concerns about knee replacement surgery, according to a new survey commissioned by Stryker Corporation and conducted by Harris Interactive(R).
Although over half of the U.S. population (53 percent) are unsure how long a total knee replacement should typically last, the poll shows that longevity (45 percent) and range of motion (54 percent) are two of the three most important factors when selecting a knee replacement system, according to U.S. adults who have either had knee surgery or considered it.
"Today's knee replacement patient is younger and more active than the patients of a generation ago," said Mike Mogul, President of Stryker Orthopaedics." And for them, the longevity of the implant is a fundamental concern. By focusing on wear reduction technologies, Stryker believes we can not only relieve the suffering of these patients, but allow them to continue their lifestyles while decreasing their worry about the life of their implants."
The X3® advanced bearing technology, only available from Stryker Orthopaedics, is the first highly crosslinked polyethylene to address three of the most common, non-clinical causes of implant failure. By utilizing a patented annealing process in which the temperature is kept below the melt point following irradiation, the material properties of the polyethylene are preserved. X3® is the first polyethylene that is sequentially irradiated annealed. This means it does not need to be "remelted" and thus, the polyethylene is not weakened, which increases the wear resistance of the material while maintaining its strength. 3, 4, 5
Equally important is implant design. The intuitive and evolutionary design of Triathlon® is predicated on the worldwide clinical success of millions of Stryker knee implantations and the latest advancements in design and materials. The Triathlon® Knee System is designed to provide patients more natural motion, and the potential for greater implant longevity. It's also available in a range of sizes to more closely fit the anatomies of both men and women, with narrower implants designed to accommodate the female bone structure and improve the fit and function for women. 2
"These latest test results demonstrating a 96 percent less wear of Stryker's X3® with the Triathlon® Knee System over competitors' bearing technologies once again demonstrates our commitment to developing longer- lasting implants," says Mogul.
For additional information on knee replacement surgery and Stryker Orthopaedics' Triathlon® Knee System with X3® technology, visit www.aboutstryker.com.
This survey was conducted online by Harris Interactive on behalf of Stryker Orthopaedics between July 11 and July 13, 2006 among 2,325 U.S. adults 18 years of age or older, of whom 224 have had or considered knee replacement surgery. Figures for region, age within gender, education, household income and race/ethnicity were weighted where necessary to bring them into line with their actual proportions in the population. Propensity score weighting was also used to adjust for respondents' propensity to be online.
With a pure probability sample of 2,325 adults one could say with a ninety-five percent probability that the overall results have a sampling error of 3 percentage points. The sampling error for the sub-samples of adults who have had or considered knee replacement surgery (n=224) and adults who have no experience with knee replacement surgery (n=2,101) is higher and varies. However that does not take other sources of error into account. This online survey is not based on a probability sample and therefore no theoretical sampling error can be calculated.
About Stryker Orthopaedics
Stryker Orthopaedics offers an extensive orthopaedic product portfolio including hip, knee and upper extremity reconstructive devices, bone cement, trauma implants and bone substitutes. For more information about Stryker Orthopaedics, visit www.stryker.com.
About Stryker Corporation
Stryker Corporation develops, manufactures and markets specialty surgical and medical products worldwide, including reconstructive implants, spinal, trauma and craniomaxillofacial systems, the bone growth factor osteogenic protein-1, powered surgical instruments, endoscopic and surgical navigation systems and patient care and handling equipment, and provides outpatient physical therapy services in the United States. For more information visit www.stryker.com.
About Harris Interactive
Harris Interactive is the 13th largest and fastest-growing market research firm in the world. The company provides research-driven insights and strategic advice to help its clients make more confident decisions which lead to measurable and enduring improvements in performance. Harris Interactive is widely known for The Harris Poll, one of the longest running, independent opinion polls and for pioneering online market research methods. The company has built what could conceivably be the world's largest panel of survey respondents, the Harris Poll Online. Harris Interactive serves clients worldwide through its United States, Europe and Asia offices, its wholly-owned subsidiary Novatris in France and through a global network of independent market research firms. The service bureau, HISB, provides its market research industry clients with mixed-mode data collection, panel development services as well as syndicated and tracking research consultation. More information about Harris Interactive may be obtained at www.harrisinteractive.com. To become a member of the Harris Poll Online, visit www.harrispollonline.com.
Stryker Corporation or its divisions or other corporate affiliated entities own, use or have applied for the following trademarks or service marks: Stryker, Triathlon and X3. All other trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners or holders.
Stryker Orthopaedics Test Report: RD-06-013.
Hitt, K., et al., "Anthropometric Measurement of the Human Knee: correlation of to the Sizing of Current Knee Arthroplasty Systems," JBJS, Vol. 85-A, Supplement 4, 2003.
X3(TM) UHMWPE maintains mechanical properties for Tensile Yield Strength and Ultimate Tensile Strength of N(2)Vac gamma sterilized UHMWPE as measured by ASTM D638. Tensile Yield Strength was 23.2 +/- 0.4 MPa and 23.5 +/- 0.3 MPa for N2Vac UHMWPE and X3(TM) UHMWPE respectively. Ultimate Tensile Strength was 54.8 +/- 2.5 MPa and 56.7 +/- 2.1 MPa for N(2)Vac UHMWPE and X3(TM) UHMWPE, respectively.
Stryker Orthopaedics Triathlon(R) CR Tibial Inserts made from X3(TM) UHMWPE, 5530-G-409 show a 68% reduction in volumetric wear rate versus the same insert fabricated from N(2)\Vac gamma sterilized UHMWPE, 5530-P-409. The insert tested was Size 4, 9 mm thick. Testing was conducted under multiaxial knee simulator (multi-station MTS knee joint simulator [1]) for five million cycles using appropriate size CoCr counterfaces, a specific type of diluted calf serum lubricant and the motion and loading conditions, representing normal walking, outlined in ISO/DIS 14243-3. Volumetric wear rates were 17.7 +/- 2.2 mm(3)/10(6) cycles for standard polyethylene inserts and 5.7 +/- 1.5 mm(3)/10(6) cycles for test samples. Test inserts were exposed to a gas plasma sterilization process. In vitro knee wear simulator tests have not been shown to quantitatively predict clinical wear performance.
Stryker Orthopaedics Triathlon(R) PS Tibial Inserts made of X3(TM) UHMWPE, 5532-G-409 show a 64% reduction in volumetric wear rate versus the same insert fabricated from N2\Vac gamma sterilized UHMWPE, 5532-P-409. The insert tested was Size 4, 9 mm thick. Testing was conducted under multiaxial knee simulator (multi-station MTS knee joint simulator) for five million cycles using a size 7 CoCr counterfaces, a specific type of diluted calf serum lubricant and literature or fluoroscopy based motion and loading conditions representing stair climbing [2,3]. Volumetric wear rates were 3.6 +/- 0.61 mm(3)/10(6) cycles for standard polyethylene inserts and were 1.3 +/- 0.44 mm(3)/10(6) cycles for test samples. Test inserts were exposed to a gas plasma sterilization process. In vitro knee wear simulator tests have not been shown to quantitatively predict clinical wear performance.
A. Essner, A. Wang, C. Stark and J. H. Dumbleton, "A simulator for the evaluation of total knee replacement wear," 5th World Biomaterials Congress, Toronto, Canada, May, 1996, pg 580.
R. Riener, M. Rabuffetti and C. Frigo, "Stair ascent and descent at different inclinations", Gait and Posture 15: 2002, pp. 32-44.
JB. Morrison, "Function of the knee joint in various activities," Bio-medical Engineering, 4: 1969, pp. 573-580.
SOURCE: Stryker Orthopaedics
Website: http://www.aboutstryker.com
http://www.stryker.com
http://www.harrispollonline.com
http://www.harrisinteractive.com
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text:
Mahokrilac (en. Ornithopter, rus. махолёт, птицекрылый летательный аппарат) je zrakoplov koji uzgon stvara mašući sa svojim krilima. U prirodi postoje mnogi primjeri takvog letjenja (kao što su let ptice, šišmiša ili raznih insekata) kojeg dizajneri zrakoplova pokušavaju oponašati. Uz mnoge neuspjele pokušaje zabilježeno je i par uspješnih letova.

Povijesni razvoj

Prva ideja o imitiranju ptica prilikom konstruiranja krila za let potječe iz starogrčke legende o Dedalu i Ikaru. Roger Bacon je među prvima zapisao svoja razmišljanja o tehnologiji leta. Leonardo da Vinci počeo je proučavati letenje ptica oko 1490. godine. Zaključio je da su ljudi preteški i preslabi za letenje upotrebom krila jednostavno pričvršćenih za ruke. Od tada radi na planovima uređaja u kojem bi pilot ležeći na tvrdoj podlozi pokretao dva opnasta krila pomoću ruku preko poluga, sustavom zatezača i nožnih pedala. Izradio je samo maketu takvog uređaja.

Uspješni letovi
Prvi mahokrilac sposoban za let konstruiran je 1870-ih u Francuskoj. Gustav Trouvéov model na prezentaciji za Francusku Akademiju Znanosti preletio je razdaljinu od 70 metara.
Oko 1890. Lawrence Hargrave izradio je nekoliko mahokrilaca pokretanih parom ili komprimiranim zrakom. Prvi je upotrijebio mala krila koja mašu stvarajući tako vučnu silu, dok seuzgon stvarao na velikim nepokretnim krilima. U takvoj konstrukciji zupčasti prijenosi su bili nepotrebni što je uveliko pojednostavilo konstrukciju letjelice. Danas se takva konstrukcija izbjegava jer se želi postići što veća sličnost letu ptice.

Do danas je bilo puno neuspjelih pokušaja kao i raznih stupnjeva uspješnosti leta mahokrilca.

1929. godine mahokrilac pokretan snagom mišića letača kojeg je dizajnirao Alexander Lippisch preletjeo je udaljenost od 250-300 metara nakon što je uzletio uz pomoć vuče. Sam let je ostvaren snagom letača ali je najvjerojatnije udaljenost ostvarena balansiranim letom nakon postizanja visine vučom letača.

1942. godine Adalbert Schmid letio je s mahokrilcem kojeg je pokretao motor motocikla od 3 KS. Mala "mahajuča" krila bila su učvršćena sa strane trupa iza velikih nepokretnih krila. Let je bez prekida trajao 15 minuta.
Yves Rousseau 1995. ponovno pokušava letjeti mahokrilcom uz pomoć ljudske snage. 20. travnja 2006. godine u njegovom 212. pokušaju, pred ovlaštenim službenicima Aero-kluba Francuske uspijeva preletjeti 64 metara. Pri sljedećem 213. letu, zbog naglog naleta vjetra, dolazi do loma krila i letač pada i biva teško ozlijeđen.

Tim stručnjaka u University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies, kojeg vodi profesor James DeLaurier već nekoliko godina radi na mahokrilcu kojeg će pokretati motor i upravljati pilot. U srpnju 2006. na letilištu Bombardiera u Torontu DeLaurierova letjelica uzletjela je pomoću mlaznog motora i ostvarila 14 sekundi leta. Prema njegovim riječima mlazni motor potreban je za kontinuiran let a letjelica se u zraku održava pomoću krila koja mašu.

Aerodinamika
Aerodinamički, mahokrilac se od aviona razlikuje u krilima koja su u stvari pokretni aeroprofil koji stvara i silu uzgona i silu potiska. Pokretni aeroprofili su veliki, tako da je i količina zraka namijenjena stvaranju sile uzgona maksimalna. Kako "mahajuča" krila stvaraju i potisak i uzgon, otpor koji stvaraju krila letjelice je minimalan. Te dvije prednosti mogu mahokrilcu osigurati veliki stupanj efikasnosti tijekom leta.

Prema općenitim aerodinamičkim značajkama, mahokrilac ostavlja dojam veće efikasnosti u korištenju snage od rotirajućeg propelera ili potiska mlaznog motora. Problemi koji sprječavaju veću praktičnu primjenu su zahtjevi mehanizama i strukture letjelice, kao i upitana udobnost putnika radi stalnog podrhtavanja trupa, uzrokovano pomicanjem krila.

Izvori

Zrakoplovi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home » Relationships
Adultery, Info & Help
Trusting In God For Your Marriage
Who are you trusting in when things go wrong in your marriage? Are you trusting in self, or perhaps you go running to family and friends, explaining your side of the story? Some of us go running to therapists, counselors, divorce lawyers, and strangers on the street. But we seldom run to God.
Many of the people we go running to in times of marital troubles aren't equipped in giving us proper advice and guidance. Most of them have had divorces themselves! How can someone fix our marital wounds when they can't fix their own?
Exposing the Adultery Pandemic
What is a pandemic? According to Merriam Webster's online dictionary, a pandemic is an "outbreak" occurring over a wide geographic area and affecting an exceptionally high proportion of the population. I would consider adultery to be of pandemic proportions considering the high rate of marital suffering, divorce, sickness and disease among a high proportion of the world. What do you think? Let's take a closer look and examine this issue.
If you knew of a dangerous virus going around in the city where you lived that caused fever, chills, nausea, severe diarrhea, and vomiting, and death to those with a weak immune system, you would probably stay as far away from the city as possible? At the least, you would wear a hospital mask over your face to avoid the harmful germs, right?
Adultery is like a virus but much worse. It spreads from person to person like a virus and if a person is not spiritually well, it will entangle them within its insidious hold and cause much spiritual and mental anguish, not to mention, in many cases, physical illness, deterioration, and death.
As with any pandemic that we learn about we always go out of our way to avoid the offender, lest we too become sick. Viruses become a pandemic only because people do not take the needed precautions in the beginning of its destruction. Sometimes it is because of filthy conditions or lack of knowledge but once we figure out the cause we avoid it like the plague, no pun intended.
Do we avoid sex outside of marriage? Why not?
God Based Marriage Counseling
Do it yourself marriage counseling with God in the forefront is exceptional counsel because it really works! You just need to learn how to work it. Let me ask you a question. What are you now basing your marriage on? Where are you going now for the answers you may need to resolve your marital upheavals? The answer is most likely friends, family, pastors, books, ebooks, etc, or for very few of you, mainstream marriage counseling. Am I right?
We have to know WHO WE ARE before we can choose the right kind of counseling and marital guidance.
My Husband Cheated On Me. What Can I Do?
Ask Angie: My husband cheated on me with another woman and now I find it hard to forgive him. I can't trust him anymore. Our marriage is falling apart. We can go on for weeks without speaking and we are so uncomfortable. Although it hurts me I don't know what to do anymore.
Ask Angie: Hello Angie, thanks for the Good work that you're doing. My husband is involved in infidelity, I have know about it and confronted him but he continues to do it, his parents have talked to him but no change, am real hurt by his behaviors. He sleeps out, never eats at home, he come late in the night from that woman. Every thing about us has died, we don't talk, plan together any more. I'm confused; I want my marriage to be better again.
Ask Angie: My husband is a womanizer and he has cheated on me, had girl in my house while I was at work. I have no problem with him talking to other women but why do they call while I'm at work and hang up in my face. I can't shake this nor let it go.
Marriage Guidance: It is very hard to forgive if a spouse has committed adultery, and especially if they continue to commit sexual sin over and over again. But even so it is what Christ asks us to do. Why do you think Jesus wants us to forgive a spouse of adultery? If we don't forgive others when they trespass against us Christ will not forgive us!
For if you forgive men when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14
True Forgiveness Is Only Found Through Our Own
Faith In Jesus Christ
If we call ourselves Christians are we living the Christian life? Forgiving others is living the principles taught to us by Jesus Christ. If we are living the Christian life then we find forgiveness in our hearts when others have hurt us. Jesus gives us the power to forgive!
I Love You But I'm Not "In Love With You" Anymore
Has your spouse told you they weren't "in love" with you anymore? Well do I have news for you. The saying "I love you but I'm not in love with you anymore" is a worn out cliché. It's not possible to "fall out of love" because you weren't "in love" to begin with. The excuse "I'm not in love with you anymore" is nonsensical. Let me tell you why.
There is no such emotional condition as falling out of love; it's a justification for doing whatever you are planning on doing. It's a way to let your spouse down easy. What you're really feeling and should be saying is "I don't want to love you anymore". It usually means that the attitude towards your spouse and marriage is not what it once was. Perhaps you are talking yourself into having an affair or perhaps you have already had an affair.
The person who says "I'm not in love with you anymore" is searching for a feeling.
The marriage has stopped giving them a feeling they want and expect to have. It is an attitude that builds up after months and or years of a lifeless marriage - a marriage that has no intimacy. This is why quality time spent together (intimacy) is more important than sex in a marriage. Not that sex isn't important, because it is, but that sex IS NOT INTIMACY. Sex may be a part of intimacy but it is not the whole picture.
Intimacy can be as simple as playing a board game or planting seeds together in your garden; or intimacy can be as complex as working together in a business or getting involved in a hobby with your spouse. But couples aren't doing any of these things together anymore! They have drifted apart, each doing their own thing. When couples stop doing things together they lose the intimate bond between them they once shared when they were first married.
How To Stay Faithful In Your Marriage
Did you know that our thoughts and beliefs become actions over time? The more we think about being with other people outside of our marriage, the more these thoughts will become our actions. Knowing this then, the first step to conquer infidelity is not to have the desires within our mind in the first place. Easier said than done? Not really.
We desire others sexually because we have been conditioned into believing its ok to do so – it's a mindset. We have been trained to desire others sexually at a young age, and we have been conditioned into believing it's ok to look at scantily dressed women and men. Our conscience may even tell us that it's wrong to actually commit the act of sex outside of marriage, but does our conscience tell us that the desire is wrong?
The bible definitely lets us know that desiring others sexually is wrong because it leads to sin, so then what is the problem? The problem is we aren't going to the root of the problem. The root of sexual lust is in how we think towards human beings. So then to stop the desire we only have to change the way we think about others. Are we really respecting others in the way that Christ has taught us to? If we truly respect another person then we should have the attitude to not think about desiring them lustfully and disrespecting them in any way.
You were called to be free. But do not use your freedom to indulge in the sinful nature; rather, serve one another in love. The entire law is summed up in a single command: "Love you neighbor as yourself." Galatians 5:13-14
Little Sins
"Anyone who breaks one of the least of these commandments and teaches others to do the same — will be called least in the kingdom of Heaven." Matthew 5:19
A great many people are careful about breaking large commandments and committing heinous sins — while they commit "little sins" continually and without scruple.
They would not tell a direct lie for the world — but their speech is full of little falsehoods!
They would not steal money from the purse or drawer of another — and yet they continually commit small thefts! For example, by mistake the grocer gives them a penny too much change — and they do not think of returning it. Through the carelessness of a postal worker, the postage stamp on a letter is left uncancelled — and they take it off and use it a second time.
They would not purposely try to blacken a neighbor's name or destroy his character — and yet they repeat to others the evil whispers about him which they have heard, and thus soil his reputation.
They would not swear or curse in the coarse way of the ungodly — but they are continually using such minced oaths such as, Gosh! Gees! Heck! and other mild, timid substitutes for overt swearing.
They would not do flagrant acts of wickedness to disgrace themselves — but their lives are honeycombed with all kinds of little meannesses, impurities, selfishnesses, and bad tempers.
Asking for Support: Getting the Help You Need - Part 2
by Dale & Juanita Ryan | see: Part 1
We resist getting help
In spite of the abundance of God's love and grace and the many ways in which love and grace are available to us, we do not easily reach out for the help we need. Even when we have acknowledged our need for help, we may find ourselves hesitating, finding excuses, resisting. Resistance to getting help is often the result of a mixture of fear and despair and shame.
It can be frightening to get help. In the process we feel vulnerable and exposed. Jim's Dad had made cutting remarks about him all his life. Jim was so accustomed to hearing that he was lazy and stupid and irresponsible that every time he shared in his support group, he expected to hear these same hurtful comments in response. Even though people didn't respond this way, Jim imagined that everyone must be privately thinking these things about him. As a result, he would sometimes begin to share only to freeze with fear and find himself unable to talk.
Run, Don't Walk to Your Forgiving Father
You know, we don't really believe that the Bible is true. We say we do, but often we ignore things in it. We say, "Well, there must be another way" or "In this case, it won't happen like this." But the fact is, the Bible is unequivocally true. Everything it says will happen the way it says it. Period.
When wickedness comes, contempt comes also;
and with dishonor comes disgrace.Proverbs 18:3 NRSV
With wickedness comes contempt and with dishonor comes disgrace. In other words, we can't hide our sin.
Be sure your sin will find you out. Numbers 32:23 NRSV
King David was absolute ruler over all his kingdom. Not only that, but he could have any number of wives and be well within his rights... as long as the women he chose were available to marry him. In other words, he could have any woman except one who was already married. And, of course, human nature being what it is, he wanted a woman who was already married. We all know the story. He had an affair with her and she got pregnant. So, David arranged for her soldier husband to come home, hoping that the husband would have sex with his wife and never know that the baby she bore wasn't his. Unfortunately for David, the husband was a more honorable man than his king and refused to enjoy his "vacation" while his men were still fighting and dying on the front lines. So David, in a frenzy not to have his sin found out, sent Uriah to the front lines to be killed in battle. And so he was.
Adultery Bible Study (Part 2)
See: Part 1
Sexual immorality is a temptation we all must face on a daily basis. God doesn't forbid sexual sins just to be difficult. God knows its power to destroy people's lives physically and spiritually. God wants to protect us from damaging ourselves with immoral desires. Sex outside of the marriage relationship always hurts someone. It hurts God because it shows that we care more about our own lustful and selfish desires than Him.
The key to faithfulness is putting Christ's principles to work in our life and trusting in the Holy Spirit within us with our temptations. When we have temptations and ungodly thoughts we need to put our trust and faith in Jesus Christ. We have to communicate our burdens to God through prayer. Only when we put our trust in Him will He help us.
Basing Our Lives on Own Understanding and Wisdom


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The Essay
The Robin
The Essay Wild Things
Episode 2 of 5
Poet and writer Ruth Padel explores how literature and history have shaped British attitudes to the robin and asks what the sight of the bird in the snow still means to us today.
In the second of her series of Essays considering our responses to the creatures which make up the British landscape, the writer and poet Ruth Padel turns her attention to the robin. She explores why our feelings on seeing their red breasts in winter have grown so strong and finds out that religious symbolism has played a large part. She charts the history of the bird in Britain and traces the ways it has been represented in literature from Shakespeare's "Twelfth Night" to Frances Hodgson Burnett's "The Secret Garden". How has this affected the way we perceive it?
Producer: Emma Kingsley.
Tue 18 Oct 2011 22:45
The Deer—Wild Things
The Badger—Wild Things
See all episodes from The Essay
Tue 1 Feb 2011 23:00
The Book that Changed Me
Five figures from the arts and science introduce books that changed their lives and work.
Download The Essay
Download all the episodes from the series and listen at your leisure.
Essays from leading writers on arts, history, philosophy, science, religion and beyond.
Factual > Arts, Culture & the Media


The U.S. Secretary of Labor has awarded Florida more than $13 million for the National Dislocated Worker Grant, announced Rep. Val Demings, D-Orlando, today.
The program is designed to provide extra money to states as a response to an increased number of unemployed workers, such as the nearly 300,000 Puerto Ricans and Virgin Islanders who relocated to Florida after Hurricanes Irma and Maria devastated their homes.
According to the news release, more than $4.3 million will be released initially. The Florida Department of Economic Opportunity will implement the grant statewide.
"This is an important step toward restoring stability for thousands of Americans displaced by this year's devastating hurricanes. I want to say to every evacuee in my district: You are welcome here, and if you choose to stay, we will do everything in our power to help you prosper. If you require assistance, please reach out to my office," Demings says in a news release.
On a similar note, earlier this month, Gov. Rick Scott promised a $1 million investment for 12 state workforce development agencies that would help displaced Puerto Ricans and the Virgin Islanders find employment.
CareerSource, a jobs development agency, will partner with both the federal grant and Scott's proposal to distribute the money from the grant and the statewide investment – most of which will be used throughout Central and South Florida, where the majority of hurricane evacuees were displaced.
"As families continue to move to Central Florida, the announcement of this much-needed grant comes as incredibly good news to all of us who are partnering to provide new and accessible opportunities to this new workforce," says Pam Nabors, CEO and president of CareerSource Central Florida, in the release.
According to estimates from the governor's office, around 8,000 Puerto Ricans have sought assistance with career services since evacuating to Florida.
"Our post-hurricane effort should focus on two goals: First, we should ensure that every Puerto Rican and Virgin Islander who wants to stay in Florida can find prosperity and security here. Second, we should give displaced families from Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands the opportunity to return to reconstructed and thriving homes," Demings says.


Naïve artists work without formal technical qualifications and with a remarkable indifference to perspective. Uninfluenced by art traditions, they paint pictures mirroring their memories, desires and dreams. When most people think of naïve art, the names that come to mind are Henri Rousseau and Grandma Moses, but southeast Europe has produced many of these painters. Among the best known, the peasant, Ivan Generalić; the postman, Ivan Lacković and the carpenter, Ivan Rabuzin. Rabuzin's buyers included Yul Brynner and Woody Allen - you can see one in Annie Hall. His pastel-coloured silk screen prints sold well in the Far East and he was known in Germany, France, Italy and Japan, but his reputation had never been established in Britain. My job was to find a London gallery which would represent him … There were only two possibilities, the Portal Gallery, who represented Beryl Cook, and the Rona Gallery. The Portal weren't interested, but the Rona was. A regular visitor there was Mervyn Levy: writer, artist and art critic who'd been a childhood friend of Dylan Thomas. Mervyn was a small, dapper man with a moustache and neatly-clipped white beard. We planned to write a play together about Dylan, based on Mervyn's memories, and he would invite me to the Chelsea Arts Club to discuss our project. We never got far after the first bottle of wine. Read more about my years in the art world at Left Field.


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Point State Park: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Point State Park's unique historic, natural, and recreational features blend to provide a respite from the stresses of urban life. The area's rich history dates back to the 1700s, when it played an important role in the French and Indian War and the development of English colonies.
Located at the tip of Pittsburgh's Golden Triangle from the centerline of Commonwealth Place, west to the confluence of the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio Rivers.
Historical cooking with Fort Pitt. Block House in the background. Photo by Jessica Rohrdanz.
In more recent times, the park was integral to the rebirth of Pittsburgh's downtown from the 1950s through the 1970s. Point State Park was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1975 and is listed on the National Historic Register of Historic Places as part of the Pittsburgh Renaissance District.
Point State Park was born out of the Pittsburgh Renaissance, an urban renewal project in the 1950s that cleared a former blighted industrial area for the 36-acre park that was completed and dedicated in 1974.
One of the park's iconic features is the Point Fountain. Located at the headwaters of the Ohio River, it sprays water 150 feet into the air. Additional park amenities include the Great Lawn, which houses the location of the French Fort Duquesne; a pedestrian bridge spanning a reflecting pool; museum; river access; and 54,000 native plants. The park hosts a variety of annual events including the "Three Rivers Arts Festival," which draws nearly 750,000 visitors to the city. Approximately 2.5 million people visit the park annually, creating millions of dollars of economic impact for the city.
Great Lawn. Photo by Charlene Reinhart.
French forces captured Fort Prince George, which had been constructed by colonial Virginians; built Fort Duquesne at present day Point State Park (1754)
French burned the fort ahead of a force of 6,000 British troops marching for an assault on the fort (1758)
British built Fort Pitt; most extensive fortification by the British in North America (1759)
The fort was sold in 1772 and then used by the Continental Army as its western headquarters (1777)
Deteriorating Fort Pitt was abandoned, marking the beginning of the development of Pittsburgh (1792)
Development and Redevelopment
Businessman Richard K. Mellon, Mayor David Lawrence, and the Allegheny Conference were instrumental as driving forces behind the renaissance of Pittsburgh and the creation of Point State Park
Architects Charles Stotz and Ralph Griswold began designing the park in 1945 and worked throughout the 1950s through the demolition of a blighted neighborhood until the completion of the park in 1974
Through a grassroots public participation process, the community began to develop a master plan to revitalize the aging appearance of the park (1999)
Point State Park Comprehensive Master Plan (1999-2003)
Master plan was implemented through the Point State Park Capital Renovation Project (2006-2013)
The tip of Point State Park features an 800,000-gallon fountain that sprays water 150 feet into the air
Woodlands and Overlook areas are home to 54,000 native plants that have inhabited the park since the mid-18th century
Fort Pitt Museum tells the story of western Pennsylvania's pivotal role during the French and Indian War, the American Revolution, and the birth of Pittsburgh
The Fort Pitt Block House (1764), a small defensive stronghold redoubt, is the only surviving structure of Fort Pitt; the only authentic pre-Revolutionary War structure west of the Allegheny Mountains
Three granite traceries are present in the park, marking the former Fort Duquesne (1754) and Fort Pitt (1759) and outlining the original confluence of the three rivers and the point
Great Lawn, a large green space that features views of the three rivers, fountain, and downtown Pittsburgh
The Portal Bridge connects the city side of the park to the park's river side, allowing pedestrians to cross underneath the eight-lane interstate; arches over a reflecting pool representing the transition from city to park
Kayakers at Venture Outdoors Festival. Photo by Charlene Reinhart.
The park hosts many of the city's signature events such as "Three Rivers Arts Festival," "Three Rivers Regatta," and "Pittsburgh's Great Race and Marathon"
Community gathering place for many events and celebrations, including the Fourth of July and local sports teams' championships
Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources provides free environmental education and recreational programs for visitors


Nowadays celebrations in our house is planned by my two "big" boys who already think that they should be on top of everything. Spring is here on time this year - the days are bright and sunny, the weather is getting warmer and flowers are blooming everywhere. While I was taking this as an opportunity for me to get lazy and bribe GC into taking us all out to the park and celebrate Father's Day with a bbq, my 'bosses' in the house had other plans. They knew they could handle a simple breakfast with tea (in the microwave) and toast with butter and jam for breakfast, they had to pull me in to prepare something high for lunch. There are no seconds thoughts about it - there has to be fish and chocolate.
GC, JK and MK loves fish biryani. And luck was playing it's part on the 3 boys because without any effort I came by some fresh Spanish Mackerel. (It is not always I get Spanish Mackerel at the my local Fish Shop and that too at the main fish market prices. It was a sign for me that I couldn't get lazy this Father's Day.) So Fish Biryani it was - again inspired by Mother's recipe. I served it with her special Carrot Raita which we always serve with Fish Biryani.
Now luck played its part on me only when I saw this Seafood Feast Event. I am well on time to send this recipe to the event. It is the first time I am joining an event in blogosphere. So wish me luck!
1. Marinate fish pieces with salt and pepper and leave in refrigerator for at least 1 hr. Shallow fry fish pieces till well done and keep aside. Reserve 3 tbsp of oil in which fish was fried.
2. Coarsely grind eschallots and green chilly. Keep aside. Make a fine paste coconut and poppy seeds using as little water as possible. Keep aside.
3. In a pan, heat the reserved oil. Add ginger and garlic and saute until fragrant and then add coarsely ground eschallots and chilly. Stir for a few minutes until it starts to change colour. Now add onion and salt and saute' till its colour changes to light brown. Add mint and coriander leaves and stir for a minute. Then add pepper powder and turmeric powder, stir for 30 seconds, followed by yoghurt, biryani masala and coconut-poppy seed paste. Mix well. Add tomatoes and water. Bring to boil and then add fried fish pieces, mix well and simmer in low flame for 5 - 7 minutes. The gravy should not be flowing and not too thick.
2. Heat oil or ghee in a heavy bottomed vessel. Add all spices and stir for a 5 seconds until fragrant, followed by rice and fry rice over low flame for a few minutes until rice turns just opaque. Now add 4 cups of boiled water and salt, mix well, close vessel with a lid and simmer over low-flame for 10 - 15 minutes until rice is just done and all water evaporates. Check after 10 minutes, but take care not to lift the lid until you are sure that rice is dry and done.
1. Heat ghee in frying pan, add sliced onions and fry till they turn brown and crisp. Remove and drain onions and then fry cashew nuts, till they are light brown on all sides, remove and drain them and finally add raisins, stir till they are plump (which takes only a few seconds), remove and drain.
1. In a hot heavy bottomed vessel, spread half of the gravy with fish pieces. Top this with half the rice. Sprinkle half the lemon juice, coriander leaves, fried onions, cashew nuts and raisins. Top this with remaining gravy with fish pieces followed by rice, lemon juice, coriander leaves, fried onions, cashew nuts and raisins. Close with a tight fitting lid and leave vessel over low flame for 10 minutes. Remove from fire and wait for 10 minutes before serving.
Serve hot with carrot raita, pappadam and pickle.
Note: - To prepare a healthier version of fish biryani, I usually prepare the gravy and rice with normal cooking oil, but fry the onions, cashewnuts and raisins in ghee which is enough to impart that wonderful flavour of ghee to your biryani.
I love biryani but never made it with fish. Fish biryani looks delicious! Thanks for linking it to my event.
I tried this yummy biriyani. we really enjoyed the flavours.
Greatly appreciate you for trying it out.
I tried this and came out really well.We all enjoyed it.Thanks for the recipe.
I can't stop making this.The demand is huge.
The only thing is I like to use only Spanish Mackeral,which we rarely get .